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A topographical diction;
of Ireland
TOPOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
IRELAND,
lOMPHlSINd THh.
SEVERAL COUNTIES; CITIES; BOROUGHS; CORPORATE, MARKET, AND POST TOWNS;
PARISHES; AND VILLAGES;
WITH
HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL DESCRIPTIONS
ENGRAVINGS OF THE ARMS OF THE ( ITIES, BISHOPRICS, CORPORATE TOWNS, AND BOROUGHS;
AND OF THE SEALS OF THE SEVERAL MUNICIPAL CORPt^RATIONS.
BY SAMUEL LEWIS.
;^e(oni) lEtitttoiK
IN TWO VOLUMES
VOL. II.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED BY S. LEWIS AND CO., IS. FINSBURV PLACE, SOUTH.
M.nCCC.XLVII
TOPOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
IRELAND,
KANT
KaNTURK, a market and post town, and the head of
a poor-law union, partly in the parishes of Castle-Mag-
NER and KiLROE, but cliieflyin thatof Clonfert, barony
of DuHALLOw, county of Cork, and province of Mun-
STER, 2"^ miles (N. VV.) from Cork, on the Bogra road to
Abbeyfeale, and 13 if miles (S. VV.) from DuWin ; con-
taining 4388 inhabitants. This place formerly belonged
to the McCarthys, kings of Desmond. In the reign of
Queen Elizabeth, Mac Donogh Carthy commenced the
erection of a splendid and extensive mansion in the
castellated style (now called Kanturk Castle) about half
a mile south of the town ; but it having been repre-
sented to the government as a regular fortress, its pro-
gress was stayed, and it never was completed. The
possessions here were subsequently mortgaged by Der-
mod Mac Owen Carthy to Sir Philip Perceval, by whom
they were held as security in 1641, when the proprietor
was in actual rebellion ; and in 1666 the court of claims
decided that, as Sir Philip had advanced more than the
value of the estate, his grandson. Sir Philip Perceval,
was legally entitled : he accordingly passed patent for
the same in I667. Kanturk Castle, although not ac-
tually within any one of the parishes in which the town
is situated, is deserving of some notice here from its
name, and also from its connexion with the founder of
Kanturk. It stands in the vicinity of the mountains
and the river Black water, and occupies the four sides
of a quadrangle, 1'20 feet in length by SO feet in breadth :
it is three stories high, and flanked at each angle by a
square tower of four stories, having three windows in
each story in the central portion ; the quoins, mouldings,
beltings, and other ornamental parts are of hewn stone.
The battlements, if ever carried up, have fallen down ;
and the additional story mentioned by Smith, in his
History of Cork, is only apparent on one side, where it
forms the under-ground or cellar floor.
The TOWN is pleasantly situated at the confluence of
the rivers Allua and Dallua, which here flow through a
fine open valley in the midst of gently rising hills ; and
the vicinity is studded with comfortable farmhouses
and young plantations. Each river is crossed by a good
stone bridge ; that over the Allua consisting of six, and
that on the Dallua of five, segmental arches. The place
Vol. II.— 1
KANT
111-6255
is irregularly built, consisting of several short streets,
chiefly diverging from the centre, and in 1841 contained
695 houses, many of which have been lately rebuilt ; a
new street, also, has been formed between the two rivers,
terminating towards the north by a well-fitted up hotel
surrounded by a thriving plantation. These and other
improvements were effected under the auspices of the
earls of Egmont, the late proprietors of the greater part
of the town ; which is considered extremely healthy as
a place of residence. A news-room is supported by
subscription; and a branch of the National Bank has
been established. Public cars from Tralec and Abbey-
feale to Cork pass through the town, and a car goes
direct hence to Cork. The market is on Saturday, and
is abundantly supplied with all kinds of provisions, and
from Christmas to Easter with corn, pigs, and sheep ;
fairs for cattle and general farming-stock are held on
March 17th, May 4th, July 4th, Sept. '29th, Nov. 3rd,
and Dec. 1 1th. In the immediate vicinity, on the river
Dallua, is an extensive boultingmill, a portion of the
produce of which, and of another on a smaller scale
near the castle, is sent to Cork, where it is shipped for
England : the former of these mills is capable of manu-
facturing 1'2,000 bags of flour annually, and has proved
of great advantage to the neighbouring farmers, by
affording them a ready market for their corn, which
previously they were under the necessity of sending to
Cork. Quarter-sessions for the East Riding are held
here in June and December ; and petty-sessions are
held every Saturday. The sessions-house and bridewell
are substantial and commodious buildings : the former
has a handsome front of hewn stone, consisting of a
pediment supported by broad pilasters, with a Venetian
window between them ; the latter is on a large scale,
comprising several wards, and having separate day-
rooms and yards, adapted for the proper classification
of the male and female prisoners. A chief constabulary
police force is stationed in the town.
The ECCLESIASTICAL district of Kanturk was formed
out of the parish of Clonfert, and is a perpetual cu-
racy, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the gift ot the
Bishop : the curate's stipend is £100, payable in equal
portions by the vicar and the Ecclesiastical Commis-
READ
sioners. The glebe-house, in the vicinity, was erected
in 1S18, the Board of First Fruits having granted £450
and a loan of £50 ; attached to it is a glebe of 10 acres,
subject to a rent of £1 '2 per annum. The church is a
small structure with a square embattled tower sur-
mounted by pinnacles, built in 1789, the same Board
giving £200. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
town is the head of a district, which comprises about
one-third of the parish of Clonfert and the whole of the
ecclesiastical parish of Kilcorcoran. The chapel is a
remarkably neat cruciform building, erected on a site
l)resented by the Earl of Egmont ; the chapel-yard,
which is tastefully planted, and forms an agreeable pro-
menade for the inhabitants, is entered by a handsome
gateway of pillars of hewn stone, surmounted by richly-
crocketed pinnacles, the work of a native artist, who
also executed a beautiful font for the chapel. At Coo-
lavota is a Roman Catholic chapel for the rural district.
The parochial school is under the superintendence of
the Protestant clergyman, and a large building for a
second public school was lately erected on a site given
by the Earl of Egmont : there are also two national
schools. The poor-law union workhouse was opened
July 18, 1S44, and will accommodate SOO paupers. At
Curragh was a castle that belonged to the APCarthys,
on the site of which is now a modern mansion : near it
i.s a strong chalybeate spring. The celebrated lawyer,
Barry Yelverton, afterwards Lord Avonmore, was born
at Kanturk.
KE.\DUE, or Kidue, a parish, in the barony of
UrPEn LouGHTEE, union and county of Cavan, and
province of Ulster, contiguous to the town of Cavan,
and on the road from Dublin to Enniskillen : the popu-
lation is included in the return for Urney. The parish
comprises '28<)3 statute acres ; and is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Kilmore, held by the vicar of Urney and
Annagcliffe : the rectory is part of the corps of the
deanery of Kdmore. The tithe rent-charge is £81. 18. 3.,
of which two-thirds are payable to the dean and one-
third to the vicar. The church for the town of Cavan
stands on the townland of Keadue, on a site given by
the late Earl of Farnham. In the Roman CathoUc divi-
sions the parish is included in the district of Urney and
Annageliffe.
KEADUE, a village, in the parish of Kilronan,
union and barony of Boyle, county of Roscommon,
and province of Connaught, S miles (N.N. W.) from
Carrick-onShannon ; containing 220 inhabitants. It
partly arose out of the Arigna Iron and Coal works,
and contains 37 houses : a market-house was erected
by Colonel Tcnison, its proprietor ; and there is a patent
for a market and fairs, not now held. The village is a
constabulary police station, and petty-sessions arc held
on altcniate Wednesdays. Here is a Roman Catholic
chapel, which was built by Colonel Tenison.— See Kil-
ronan.
KI'^ADY, a market and post town, and a parish,
partly in the barony of Tl'ranev, but chieflv in that of
Armagh, union and county of Armagh, and jjrovince
of Ulster, 6 miles (S.S. W.) from Armagh, and 6li
(N. N. \V.) from Dublin, on the road from Armagh to
Dublin ; containing 9865 inhabitants, of whom 1120 are
in the town. It is advantageously situated on the river
Ready, which issues from Clay lake, about a mile and
a half distant, and which, from its numerous falls.
READ
attracted the attention of some enterprising Englishmen,
who formed a large bleaching establishment here about
the year 1750, and laid the foundation of the linen
trade ; previously to which, the whole of the surround-
ing country had been little better than an uncultivated
heath. After the retirement of tlie parties who origi-
nally introduced the trade, it began to decline ; but in
1826, the Messrs. Sadler, of Leeds, erected a very exten-
sive establishment at Dundrum, and were the first who
attempted to make hnen from mill-spun yarn, and who
carried on the manufacture of fine linen in this neigh-
bourhood. Since that period, the increase of the trade
has been very rapid. There are some large mills for
spinning flax at New Holland and Darkley, in which
upwards of 700 persons (principally young females) are
constantly employed : an extensive manufactory for fine
linen has been established at Ballier, affording employ-
ment to 2500 persons ; another for sheeting at Dun-
drum i and bleach-greens at Anvale, Greenmount, Dun-
drum, Ballier, Millview, Darkley, and Linenvale, where
about 235,000 pieces of linen are annually finished,
principally for the English market. Within the parish
are three lakes, called Clay, TuUynavad, and Aughna-
gurgan, the waters of which are dammed up at a great
expense by the proprietors, and an abundant supply is
secured throughout the year. The town consists of 250
houses, many of them well built. The market is on
Friday, for linen-yarn and general provisions ; and fairs
for live stock are held on the second Friday of every
month. Here is a constabulary police station ; a manor
court is held monthly for the recovery of debts under
£2, and petty-sessions in the court-house every Friday.
The court-house and the market-place are comraodiously
arranged.
The parish, including part of Armagh-Breague,
comprises 1 5,35 if statute acres, of which 208 are under
water ; the soil is generally light and stony, but in some
parts loamy and rich. The system of agriculture is
improving, and there is a considerable quantity of bog,
affording a valuable supply of fuel ; nearly the whole of
the waste land has been inclosed, and brought into a
good state of cultivation. There are several quarries of
building-stone: a lead-mine was opened here and wrought,
a few years since, by the Mining Company of Ireland,
but has been discontinued. The scenery is in many
places highly picturesque : in the vicinity of the town,
and on the road from Armagh, more than 100,000 trees
of different kinds have been planted within the last few
years. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Primate ;
the tithe rent-charge is £242. 6. The church, a neat
plain edifice, was erected in 17*6, by Primate Robinson,
and was enlarged and a tower added to it in 1822, by
aid of a loan of £300 from the late Board of First
Fruits ; it was again enlarged a few years ago, at a cost
of £506, of which £306 were a grant from the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners. The glebe-house was built in
1777, by aid of a gift of £100 from the Board ; the
glebe comprises 40 acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
also Derrynoose, and containing three chapels, situated
at Keady (a plain cruciform edifice), Derrynoose, and
Madden. There are places of worship for Presbyterians
in connexion with the General Assembly, and for Wes-
leyan Methodists 5 also a dispensary, with an infirmary
K i: L L
K E L L
attached to it. At Tessagh is the cemetery of the ancient
Culdean priory of Armagli, in which was found, in 18^4,
an antique ring containing a large emerald richly set.
KEALAVOLLEN.KlLLAWILLIN, OrKlLLAVULLANE,
a village, in the parish of Monanimy, union of Mallow,
barony of Fermoy, county of Coiik, and province of
MuNSTER, ^^ miles (S. W.) from Castletown-Roche j on
the river Blackwater, and at the intersection of the road
from Alallow to Fermoy by that from Doneraile to Cork ;
containing ;{94 inhabitants. This place is picturesquely
situated at the foot of the range called the Neagle moun-
tains from the name of the family that for several
centuries possessed this district, and whose descendants
still reside in the neighbourhood. The Blackwater is
here crossed by a neat stone bridge of three arches, at
the south end of which is an immense rock overhanging
the river ; the base of the rock has been worn away by
the action of the water, and is perforated so as to form
a low and narrow cavern of considerable extent, re-
sembling a subterraneous passage. The road from the
bridge winds round the steep rock, and branches off to-
wards the east through a romantic mountain pass on the
old road to Fermoy. The \ illage consists of several com-
fortable houses ; Ballymackmoy House stands on the
summit of the rock before mentioned, and commands an
extensive view of the surrounding scenery, which is of
the most picturesque and diversified character. The
air is very salubrious, and the river affords excellent
salmon and trout fishing. Here are the Roman Catholic
chapel of the district, and a station of the constabulary
police ; and in the immediate vicinity is a large boult-
ing-mill.
KEELSALAGH.— See Kilsillagh.
KELLISTOWN, or Kellystown, a parish, partly
in the barony of Forth, but chiefly in that of Carlow,
union and county of Carlow, and province of Leinster,
4^ miles (S. E.) from Carlow, on the road from that
place to Newtown-Barry ; containing 6S4 inhabitants.
It comprises 4405 statute acres of land, of good quality,
and the elevated grounds command extensive prospects :
in it is Moyle, the residence of T. Bunbury, Esq. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, and in
the gift of the Crown for two turns, and the Bishop for
one : the tithe rent-charge is £'271. ~. The church is a
small plain building, for the erection of which the Board
of First Fruits granted £600 and a loan of £100, in
1S08 ; it was lately repaired by a grant of £155 from
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The glebe-house was
built in 1802, by aid of a gift of £100 from the Board ;
the glebe comprises 20«. "ir. "23/). In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Gilberts-
town. One of the ancient round towers stood here till
ISOT, when it was pulled down to make room for the
belfry of the church. The remains of the old church
denote an early date ; in the burial-ground are some
tombstones of the Cummins family, formerly proprietors
of this place.
KELLS, an ancient parish, in the union of Bally-
mena, barony of Lower Antrim, county of Antrim,
and province of Ulster, 5^ miles (N.) from Antrim,
and on the road from Ballymena to Randalstown : the
population is included in the return for the parish of Con-
nor, into which this place (which in the civil divisions
is not recognised as a parish) is generally considered to
have merged. In the early part of the ninth century, a
3
cell existed here, on the site of which a priory was
erected some time before the arrival of the English, by
O'Brien Carrog, who dedicated it to the BleRscd Virgin ;
the establishment existed till 1442, when it was sur-
rendered, with all its possessions. The village has a
neat appearance ; it is a constabulary police station, and
has a receiving-house for letters in connexion with
Antrim. Fairs are held ou Jan. 10th, March 1st, June
10th, and Sept. 12th. The parish is in the diocese of
Connor, and is wholly impropriate in the Earl of Mount-
cashel, who is bound by the Colvill lease to pay the in-
cumbent of the adjoining parish of Connor £3 per
annum for discharging the clerical duties.
KELLS, a parish, in the union of Callan, partly in
the barony of Shillelogher, but chiefly in that of
Kells, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster,
6^ miles (S. by W.) from Kilkenny, on the road from
that place to Carrick-on-Suir ; containing 1831 inhabit-
ants, of whom 342 are in the village. This place, which
was formerly of considerable importance, was built by
Geoffry Fitz- Robert, one of Earl Strongbow's followers,
for his English companions : he also founded a priory
in 1183, which he filled with monks from Bodmin, in
Cornwall ; and his sons William and John gave charters
to the inhabitants, constituting the place a free borough.
The town afterwards passed into the De Birmingham
family, and was burnt by William De Birmingham in
]2.=i2, during a dispute with the St. Aubans ; Edward
Bruce occupied it for a short time in 1316, and in 1327
it was again burnt by the De Birminghams. In the
early part of tlie 14th century, the barony was granted
to the Poers, and the town was fortified by Sir Eustace
le Poer. Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, lord-lieu-
tenant of Ireland, was slain near this place, in 1398, by
the O'Byrucs, whom he had pursued from their own
country near Dublin. The prior of Kells was a lord of
parliament, and the priory of Tullelash, in the county of
Cork, was under his authority. The priory, with some
of its possessions, was granted at the Dissolution to the
Earl of Ormonde : several towers and part of the walls
remain, and there is a large moat, said to have belonged
to a college. The village, which contains 59 houses, is a
constabulary poUce station, and has a receiving-house
for letters in connexion with Knocktopher and Stouey-
ford ; a fair is held in it on July 13th.
The parish comprises 4410 statute acres ; there are
three large flour-mills, worked by water. The living is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, united by act of
council, in 1678, to the rectories and vicarages of Earls-
town, Ballytdbin, and Mallardstown, and the rectories
of Kilree, Stamcarty, and Annamult, and in the alter-
nate patronage of the Bishop and the Marquess of
Ormonde, in the latter of whom the rectory is impro-
priate. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £223. 7.,
of which two-thirds are payable to the impropriator, and
one-third to the vicar ; the gross tithe of the benefice to
the incumbent is £605. 11. There are two churches in
the union. That at Kells is a new structure, built at a
cost of £987. whereof £300 were raised by subscription,
and the remainder was paid from the funds of the Ec-
clesiastical Commissioners ; it accommodates 200 per-
sons, and was opened for divine service in May, 1844 :
the other church is at Ballytobin. The glebe-house is a
handsome building, erected in 1830 by the then incum-
bent, at a cost of £1700; the glebe lands, in various
B 2
K E LL
parts of the union, comprise 54n. 'Jr. ^4/). In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the
district of Callan, but chiefly in that of Danesfort, and
has a plain chapel. The parochial school is supported
by the incumbent.
KELLS, a market and
post town, a parish, the head
of a union, and formerly a
parliamentary borough, in
f^ the barony of Kells, county
of JIeath, and province of
Leinster, S miles (\V. N.
W.) from Navan, and 31
(X. W.) from Dublin, on the
coach-road to Enniskillen ;
containing "643 inhabitants,
of whom 4'205 are in the
town. This place, formerly
called Kenlis, is of remote antiquity, and appears
to have acquired at a very early period a consider-
able degree of importance. A monastery for Canons
Regular was founded here about the year 550, by
St. Columb, on a site granted, it is said, by INPKer-
vaill, King of Ireland ; and notwithstanding its repeated
disasters by conflagration and the ravages of the Danes,
it seems to have been the head of a small surrounding
diocese, which subsequently merged into that of Meath.
The monastery was restored, in 806, by Cellach, abbot
of lona, who had taken refuge here from the Norwegians ;
but it appears to have been never free from disasters of
various kinds till after the arrival of the English. In
1 15'J, the memorable synod of the Irish clergy, at which
Cardinal Paparo distributed the four palls to the arch-
bishops, was assembled here; in 1156, the town, with
all its sacred edifices, was destroyed by fire. The
monastery, after its restoration, was plundered in 117^,
by Dermod Macmurrough, at the head of a party of
English ; but in the year following, Hugh de Lacy be-
stowed on it such ample grants of land as to entitle him
to be regarded as its second founder. In 1 1'6, the town
was plundered by some of the native septs, and about
the same time a castle was erected for its defence against
the O'Nials. Walter, son of Hugh de Lacy, in the
reign of Richard I. founded a monastery for Crouched
friars, and granted the inhabitants a charter confirming
all their privileges, which he made equal to those of the
men of Bristol. In addition to its castle the town was
strengthened with mural fortifications, rendered neces-
sary from its situation on the frontier ; and it was con-
sidered one of the most important places in the county.
Richard II., in 1388, confirmed the charter of the bur-
gesses granted by Walter de Lacy, and from this period
till the time of Henry VI. the town ranked with Trim
and Athboy as one of the principal boroughs in Meath ;
but by repeated wars, and the subsequent dissolution of
its richly-endowed religious establishments, it materially
declined in importance.
The TOWN is pleasantly situated about a quarter of a
mile south-west of tlie river Blackwater, and in 1841
contained 644 houses, in general neatly built, though in
some instances without much regularity. The ap-
proaches from Dublin and Droghcda are finely embel-
lished with lofty trees, and the general appearance of the
town is cheerful and prepossessing. A silk and cotton-
lace manufactory was established in 1S'::4, and affords
4
K E LL
employment to upwards of a hundred women and
children ; the estabhshment has been patronised by the
Dowager Queen Adelaide, and three medals have been
presented by the Dublin Society to the proprietor ;
nearly the whole of the lace is sent to England. There
are a brewery and a tannery in the town, and a con-
siderable retail trade is carried on : in the excise ar-
rangements Kells is within the district of Drogheda.
The market is on Saturday, and is amply sujiplied with
provisions of all kinds, oats, and meal ; with yarn,
coarse linens, and merchandise ; and also with cattle,
sheep, and hogs. Fairs are held under the charter on
the Thursday before Shrove-Tuesday, the day before
Ascension-day, Sept. 9th, and Oct. I6th ; and two new
fairs on July l6th and Nov. l/th. There is a chief con-
stabulary police station. Under various charters, the
last of which was granted by James II., confirming all
existing privileges, the corporation consisted of a sove-
reign (who was a justice of the peace), two provosts, '24
burgesses, a recorder, prothonotary and town-clerk, two
serjeants-at-mace, and other officers. The freedom was
obtained only by favour. In 1840, the corporation was
dissolved, and the town placed under the management
of municipal commissioners. The borough sent mem-
bers to the Irish parliament from the ^nd of Elizabeth
till the Union, when it was disfranchised, and the
£15,000 awarded as compensation were paid to Thomas,
second earl of Bcctive. A court of record was held
before the sovereign, with jurisdiction to the amount of
10 marks ; but no proceedings have issued from it since
1819. The quarter-sessions for the county are held
here at Easter and IMichaelmas, and petty-sessions every
week, at which latter the sovereign used to preside with
the county magistrates in all cases arising within the
borough. The sessions-house is a neat building, erected
after a design by Mr. Johnston. The bridewell, or
house of correction, for the county, is a spacious and
well-arranged building, adapted to the classification of
prisoners.
The parish comprises S597 statute acres. The land
is of very good quality, about three-fourths are meadow
and pasture, and the remainder arable land in a good
state of cultivation. About a mile from the town is
Headfort, the noble mansion of the Marquess of Head-
fort, beautifully situated in a well-planted demesne of
more than 1200 statute acres, intersected by the river
Blackwater, which within the grounds expands into a
fine lake. On the north side of the town is the hand-
some residence of the Archdeacon of Meath ; and within
the parish are Rockfield, Drumbarrow, Cannonstown,
and several other gentlemen's seats. The living is a
rectory, in the diocese of Meath, united from time im-
memorial to the chapelry of Duleen and the rectories of
Rathboyne and Burry, constituting the union of Kells
and the corps of the archdeaconry of Meath, in the alter-
nate patronage of the Bishop and the Crown. The tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £414. 15., and of the whole
union £885. 13. The glebe and other lands belonging
to the archdeaconry comprise '21*04: statute acres, let on
lease and producing £464. 11. 1., with renewal fines of
£■259. 7- 8.; making the gross revenue of the arch-
deaconry £1509. 11. 9. per annum, exclusively of the
mcnsal lands, comprising 177^ acres occupied by him.
The church, rebuilt in 1811 at an expense of £3000,
and fur the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical Com-
K EN E
K E N M
tnissioncrs some years ago granted £104, is a spacious
structure, with a detached square tower on the north
side, surmounted by a spire, and erected at the expense
of Thomas, first earl of Bcctive, who died in 1795 ; on
one of the faces of the tower are three busts sculptured
in stone, representing a bishop and two other dignitaries,
with an inscription recording a rebuilding of the church,
in 157"2, by Hugh Brady, Bishop of Meath. Among
others is a fine monument to Sir T. Taylor, first baronet
of the Headfort family, and Anne, his wife. Near the
church are the remains of a round tower, about 90 feet
high, unroofed, and having the entrance on the north ;
and in the ihurchyard is an ancient cross, richly de-
corated. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is the head of a district, comprising also Girley and
Burry, and containing two chapels, situated at Kells
and Girley. The former is a spacious and handsome
stone building, in the form of a T, with two towers, the
whole erected after a design by Mr. Johnston, in 179B,
on ground given by the late Marquess of Headfort, who
contributed liberally towards the building, and presented
a painting of the Assumption, by Raphael, now over the
altar. The parochial school for boys is supported by
the Archdeacon of Meath, and that for girls by the
Marquess. Kells contains a fever hospital ; and a sav-
ings' bank has been established, the deposits in which
e.xceed £'Z0,000. A bequest of £90 late currency was
made by a member of the Garnett family, and £1000
by the late jNIr. Dcmpsey, the former secured on land,
and the latter invested in the funds ; the produce is
annually divided among the poor. The union work-
house, on a site of S| acres purchased for £790, was
completed in 1841, at a cost of £5970, and is constructed
to contain 600 paupers. Of the ancient abbey, scarcely
any traces are now visible; and of the priory founded
by Walter de Lacy, nothing but the cemetery remains.
The castle occupied the area which was formerly the
market-place ; and in a contiguous street is a beautiful
stone cross, elaborately enriched with sculptured figures
and devices, and said to have been raised from the
prostrate situation in which it was found, by Dean
Swift. There is a small stone-roofed cell, or chapel,
called St. Columb Kill's House, of great antiquity, near
which is a very fine well named after that saint. At
Berford, a few miles distant, numerous fossil remains
of the moose-deer were found within an artificial in-
closure in a bog, and wholly beneath the surface. The
parish gives the inferior title of Baron Kenlis to the
Marquess of Headfort.
KENAGH, or Kenaught, a village, in that part of
the parish of Kilcommick which is in the barony of
Rathcline, union and county of Longford, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 6 miles (S. by E.) from Longford,
on the road from that place to Athlone ; containing 68
houses, and 370 inhabitants. It is a constabulary
police station ; and has a fair on Oct. 19th. Petty-ses-
sions are held every Tuesday, and a manorial court
occasionally by a seneschal appointed by the Countess
Dowager of Rosse. The church, a handsome building,
was erected here in 1S33, by Lady Rosse, at an expense
of £2000 ; here are also a Primitive-Methodist meeting-
house, the parochial schools (principally supported by
Lady Rosse), and a dispensary. — See Kilcommick.
KENE, or Caine, also called Iniskin, a parish, in
the union of Dundalk, barony of Upper Dundalk,
county of Louth, and province of Leinster, 3 miles
(N. N. W.) from Dundalk, on the road from that place
to Crossrnaglen ; containing 36.'i inhabitants. It com-
prises 7495 acres. At Killen are some large limestone
quarries and kilns. The parish is a rectory, in the
diocese of Armagh, and is partly appropriate to the see
and partly one of the four parishes which constitute
the union of Baronstown : the tithe rent-charge is
£54. 11.8. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kene
forms part of the district of Dundalk, and has a chapel
at Killen. At Killen hill and in its vicinity formerly
existed some Druidical remains ; and about a quarter
of a mile from their site is a mount with two successive
slopes and terraces, crowned by the ruins of a building
shaped like the hull of an ancient ship.
KENMARE, a post-town and parish, and the head
of a union, in the barony of Glanerough, county of
Kerry, and province of Munster, 30^ miles (S.) from
Tralee, and I60 miles (S. W.) from Dublin, on the new
road from Killarney to Glengariff; containing .")S39
inhabitants, of whom 1339 are in the town. Sir Wm.
Petty, who had obtained an extensive grant of land in
this district, planted a colony of English here in I67O,
at an expense of £10,000; established iron-works and
a fishery on a large scale; and contributed mudi to the
improvement of this wild part of the country. In l6s.5,
the natives began to annoy these settlers, who at first
cast up an intrenchment at Killowen, which they ulti-
mately surrendered, and after being deprived of the
whole of their property they were forced to embark for
England with a very small quantity of provisions. The
colony, however, was re-established soon after King
■U'illiams conquests, and the fishery resumed. The
TOWN, formerly called Nedeen, is situated near the
north-eastern extremity of the great river, or rather bay,
of Kenmare, and consists chiefly of one wide street of
neat and well-built houses, from which another diverges
towards the Sound. The number of houses, in 1S41,
was 172 ; several of them had been just erected, in con-
sequence of the encouragement for building given by
the proprietor, the Marquess of Lansdowne. An ex-
cellent road to Killarney, through a rocky and moun-
tainous district, was opened about '20 years since, pre-
vious to which this remote district had been almost
excluded from communication with the surrounding
country ; and another to Glengariff and Bantry, over
the range of mountains separating the counties of Cork
and Kerry, was lately completed. The latter crosses
the Sound at Kenmare by a handsome suspension-bridge
(to which the marquess contributed £3000), and opens
a line of communication between Bantry and Killarney,
commanding a succession of the most sublime and
picturesque scenery. A commodious and excellent
hotel in the town, and several lodging-houses near the
strand, afford accommodation to the visiters resorting
hither during the bathing-season, who are chiefly
attracted by the romantic scenery and fine salmon-
fishing of the river Blackwater, which flows into the bay
of Kenmare about six miles below the town. A news-
room is supported by subscription.
A market for provisions has been established, and a
market-house built by the Marquess of Lansdowne, in
consequence of the influx of visiters on the opening of
the new road from Bantry. Fairs are held on Feb. 22nd,
April 17th, May 22nd, July 1st, .\ug. loth, Sept. 26th,
K E N M
Nov. 20th, and Dec. 15th, each of which is continued
for two days ; fairs are also held at the village of
Cross-roads, near Roughty bridge, on Jan. 1st, March
17th, and Easter-Monday. Petty-sessions are held on
the first Monday iu each month ; and there is a small
but neat bridewell in the town, containing si.\ cells, two
day-rooms, and two yards. Kenraare, also, is a chief
station of the constabulary police. A court for the
manor of Dunkerron is generally held every third week,
in which small debts are recoverable ; its jurisdiction
also extends over parts of the baronies of Glanerough
and Iveragh. The old barrack has been converted into
a commodious court-house, in which the assistant-bar-
rister of the county holds sessions twice a year, and the
seneschal, also, his court. A little below the town is a
substantial pier, built about fourteen years since at an
e.vpense of £2100, of which the Marquess of Lansdowne
contributed £1200 ; it has a depth of sixteen feet at
high water of spring tides, and vessels of large size may
at all times come within a mile of it. Coal, timber, tiles,
and salt are the principal articles imported ; and owing
to the small portion of tillage in this rocky district, the
importation of potatoes becomes necessary whenever
there is a partial failure of that crop. A ship-load of
corn is occasionally exported ; and a considerable supply
of salmon is sent to Killarney, and much to Cork, from
the fishery at the Sound. A few of the inhabitants are
also employed in the general fishery of the bay, which
abounds with a great variety of fish ; but this is chiefly
carried on at its mouth by boats from Kinsale and othei-
places on the south-western coast. The bay, or, as it is
generally but improperly called, the river, of Kenmare,
is formed by an arm of the sea extending inland about
2.T miles, and is from li to 5 miles in breadth. It is
considered one of the safest harbours on the western
coast, and has deep water and clear ground in almost
every part that is above a quarter of a mile from the
shore ; excepting at the Maiden rock off Rossmore
Island, and the Roanharriek rocks near the islands of
Ca|jpanacoss. Its principal creeks are at Sneem, Ard-
grooni, Kilmacalogue, and Dinish Island. The river,
strictly so called, is navigable for boats to Roughty
bridge, above the town ; these are mostly employed in
the conveyance of sea-manure, hmestone, and turf.
The PARISH comprises 22,490 statute acres, including
a large tract of rocky mountain and bog, a considerable
portion of which is easily reclaimable, from the abun-
dance of limestone that in various places breaks the
surface of the ground : the portion in tillage is mostly
of a clayey soil. The system of agriculture, though still
in a backward state, is gradually improving. The seats
are, Lansdowne Lodge, the residence of the marquess's
agent; Greenlanc ; Killowen House ; Shelburne Lodge;
Horsefield ; Beechmount ; and Roughty Lodge. The
two last and Greenlanc are on the property of Trinity
College, to which a large portion of the parish belongs ;
the remainder, with the exception of the glebe, is the
property of the Marquess of Lansdowne.
Kenmare is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe,
and is a rectory and vicarage, with the rectory of Tuosist
united, together constituting the union of Kenmare, in
the gift of the Crown. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £1.09. 4. S., and of the whole union £329. ,5. ;
there is a glebe of four acres, but no glebe-house. The
church is a neat structure with a steeple, built in 1814,
KENT
partly by subscription, and partly by a loan of £520
from the Board of First Fruits ; it is situated on a
gentle eminence, about half a mile east of the town, at
the termination of a fine avenue of trees extending nearly
the whole of the distance, and commands an extensive
view of the Kenmare estuary and the surrounding
scenery. In the Roman Catholic divisions the town is
the head of a district, which includes the greater part of
Kenmare and the whole of Templenoe ; the remainder
is included in the district of Tuosist. The chapel in
Kenraare is a spacious building, and there is another at
Templenoe. A meeting-house for Wesleyau Methodists
was lately erected. A large public school is partly sup-
ported by an annual contribution of £10 from the
Marquess of Lansdowne, by whom the building was
erected ; a school-house has also been built adjoining
the new road from Glengariff to Kenmare, at the joint
expepse of the marquess and the National Board. The
union workhouse, standing in an elevated situation, on
a site of 6 acres purchased for £93, was completed in
1S42, at a cost of £5315, and is constructed to contain
500 paupers ; it is an ornamental building about half a
mile from the town. The ruins of the old church still
remain ; also those of a small chapel, supposed to have
been built by Sir Wm. Petty on the establishment of the
English colony. Near the ferry, or Sound, arc the
remains of a tower, called Cromwell's Fort ; and at
Cahir was formerly a castle, the foundation only of
which is now visible. There are several raths in the
parish; and, near the church, the remains of a Druidical
circle. On the little river Finnihy, not far from the
town, are the ruins of an ancient foot-bridge, similar to
that on the river Inny, in the barony of Iveragh. See
Dromod. At Cahir are vestiges of a lead-mine, sup-
posed to have been worked at some former period ; and
on the east bank of the river Sheen are the remains of
the iron smelting-works established by Sir Wm. Petty,
consisting of a walled inclosure : the bogs abound with
remains of the ancient forests from which these works
were supplied with fuel. Kenmare gives the title of
Earl to the family of Browne.
KENTSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Navan,
barony of Lower Duleek, county of Meath, and
province of Leinster, 5 miles (S.) from Slane, and on
the road from Dublin to Londonderry ; containing 514
inhabitants. It comprises 2521 statute acres; the soil
is good, and there is no waste land or bog. SomerviUe,
the seat of Sir Wm. Meredyth SomerviUe, Bart., a fine
mansion in an extensive demesne, was recently enlarged
and improved, and a handsome entrance lodge erected ;
the grounds are embellished with an expansion of the
Nanny water. At SomerviUe is a constabulary police
station. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath,
united, by act of council in 1*51, to the rectory and
vicarage of Dauistown and the vicarage of Ballyma-
garvey, forming the union of Kentstown, in the patron-
age of the Crown and Lord Dunsany. The tithe rent-
charge of the parish is £150, and of the whole benefice
of the incumbent £24". 10. The church is a neat
edifice with a tower, erected about 90 years since, and a
steeple was added by Sir James SomerviUe, in 1*97 :
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £134 for
repairs. The glebe-house, which is near the church,
was built by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of £625
from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebes of the
KERR
KERR
union comprise VZ acres. In the Roman Catliolic
divisions this parish forms part of the district of Black-
lyon, or Ballymagarvcy. A school was founded and is
supported by Lady Maria Somerville.
KERDIFFSTOWN, an ancient parish, in the union
of Naas, barony of North Naas, county of Kildabe,
and province of Lkinster ; containing 35 inhabitants,
and comprising 703 statute acres. — See Kill.
KERLOGUE.— See Killilogue.
KERNANSTOWN, a parish, in the union, barony,
and county of Carlow, andprovinceof Leinster, 2 miles
(N.) from Carlow, on the road to Castledermot ; con-
taining about 4'20 inhabitants. It is considered a separate
parish for civil purposes only ; in the ecclesiastical
divisions it appertains to those of Urglin, Clonmulsh, and
Carlow.
KERRY (Roman Catholic Bishopric of). — See
Ardfert.
KERRY, a maritime county of the province of
MuNSTER, bounded on the east by the counties of
Limerick and Cork, on the north by the estuary of the
Shannon (which separates it from Clare), on the west
by the Atlantic, and on the south by the same ocean
and the county of Cork. It extends from 51° 40'
to 5'2° 37' (N. Lat.), and from 9° 8' to 10° '27' (W.
Lon.) ; and comprises 1,I&6,1'26 statute acres, whereof
414,614 are arable land, 7'26,775 uncultivated, 11,169
uuder plantations, SO" in towns and villages, and 3'2,76l
under water. The population, in 1821, amounted
to 216,185; in 1831, to 263,126; and in 1841, to
293,880.
The inhabitants of this tract, according to Ptolemy's
chart, were in his time designated I'elabri or J'eltibori ;
" Hibernict," says Dr. O'Connor, " Hiol Ebir, obviously
meaning Illiberi Ibericc." They are supposed by some
to have been descended from the Iberi of Spain, to
which their country lies opposite ; but Camden derives
their name from the British Aber, signifying an estuary,
thus making it descriptive of the nature of the country.
The Lucaiiij, or " people of the maritime country," are
placed by Richard of Cirencester in this county, near
Dingle bay. Ptolemy calls them Luceni, and they ap-
pear to be the Liigadii of Irish writers, which term in a
general sense comprehended all the inhabitants on the
southern coast, from the harbour of Waterford to the
mouth of the Shannon, though sometimes confined to
those of the county of Waterford. The present name
of the county is variously derived. Some trace it from
Ciar, the eldest son of Fergus, King of Ulster ; after
whom the district was called Carnddhe or Cair Reeght,
that is, " the kingdom of Ciar." According to Ledwich,
it was called Cenigia, or "the rocky country," from
Cerrig or Carrie "a rock." Ciaruidlie, or "the rocky
district on the water," from ciar or cer, "a rock," and
uidhe or ui dha, " a district on the water," was the pre-
sent barony of Iraghticonnor, on the south bank of the
Shannon ; and from it may be derived Cerrigia and
Kerry. The chiefs of this part of the county were
called //;/ Cain air Ciaruidlie, by contraction O'Connor
Kerry, and their descendants were in possession of their
ancient patrimony in the beginning of the last century.
The district of these chiefs was sometimes denominated
Ciaruidhe Luachra, or "the rocky district on the great
lake or water." By some ecclesiastical writers the
whole county is called the Countrv of St. Brandon, to
7
whom the principal cathedral in Kerry was dedicated, and
from whom a very remarkable mountain on the western
coast takes its name. Camden calls that part of the sea
into which the Shannon discharges itself, Mam Uremia-
nicum. The great portion of the county lying to the
south of the river Maug formed, with the whole county
of Cork, the old native sovereignty of Desmond, or
South Munster, granted by Henry II. to Robert Fitz-
Stephen and Milo de Cogan, but of which these adven-
turers were able to make themselves masters only of
part, namely, the districts near the city of Cork.
On the arrival of the English, the O'Connors were
in possession of the northern part j the middle parts
were in the possession of the Moriarfys. The southern
portion was occupied by the O'Sullivans, from whom
the district now named Dunkerron barony was called
O'Sullivan's Country ; also by the O'Donoghoes, dis-
tinguished into the septs of O'Donoghoe More and
O'Donoghoe Ross; and by the OMahonies. The
M'^Carties, who had been the most powerful sept in the
south of Ireland before the landing of the English,
were subdued by the invaders, and their chief took re-
fuge in the fastnesses of Kerry, where he was afterwards
compelled to have recourse to the aid of Raymond le
Gros to put down a rebellion of his own son, in recom-
pense for which service he gave up the northern district,
then called Lixnaw. Raymond here settled his son
Maurice, who gave its present name to this part of the
county, which was thenceforward called Clan-Maurice,
in the same manner as the family bear to the present
day the name of Fitzmauricc. The ancestor of the earls
of Desmond, John Fitz-Thomas, also, soon after the
arrival of Henry II. acquired large possessions in Kerry
and the contiguous districts, including the country of
Desmond, by marriage with the daughter of Thomas
Fitz- Anthony, another Anglo-Norman leader ; and these
were augmented by Prince John, in 1199- Hencefor-
ward, the family of Fitz -Gerald exercised a predominant
authority in this quarter of the kingdom. The county
was made shire ground, with its present limits, by King
John, in 1210. Desmond was included with the Decies
in the confirmatory grant made, in 1260, by Prince
Edward to Lord John Fitz-Thomas ; but in the follow-
ing year this family received from the native sept of the
M'^Carties a complete overthrow in Glanerougbt, in this
county, from which they did not recover for twelve
years, when quarrels among the native chiefs again
admitted the rise of their power. Lord Thomas, to-
wards the close of the thirteenth century, sat in par-
liament as Lord Offaly, and claimed under the grant of
Edward I., to be the king's sheriff of Kerry. In these
early ages, therefore, the districts forming the present
county were subject to the power of three great families,
the Fitz-Geralds, lords of Desmond ; the Fitz-Maurices,
lords of Kerry in the north ; and the M'^Carties, tanists
of the elevated central and southern regions.
Edward HI., in 1329, granted to Maurice Fitz-Tho-
mas the name and honour of Earl of Desmond, and
all royal liberties within the county of Kerry ; the
church or cross lands thereof, and the four usual pleas
of burnings, rape, forestal, and treasure trove, alone
excepted. In the following year, the earl deemed this
to be sutBcient authority for entirely excluding the
king's sheriffs and other ordinary ministers of justice
from the county. The extraordinary power of this
KERR
nobleman, however, brought upon him for a time some
jealous persecution by the officers of the crown. In
1345, the earl having presumed to summon a parlia-
ment in opposition to that called by the lord-justice.
Sir Ralph Ufford, the latter overran aud seized upon
the whole of his possessions, which were not restored
to him until 1352. In 13SS, Gerald, Earl of Desmond,
was formally appointed keeper of the peace in the
counties of Kerry and Limerick, with very extensive
powers and authority, in conjunction with Patrick Fox.
In 1386, we find John Fitz-Gerald, Earl of Desmond,
made sheriff of the Crosses of Kerry ; being the lands
of the Church within its limits, in which the king's
ordinary jurisdiction had course. James, Earl of Des-
mond, about 1425, as lord of the liberties of Kerry,
entered into a deed with Patrick Fitz-Maurice Fitz-
John, Lord Kerry, " captain or head of his nation,"
whereby the latter was bound to answer to the earl
and his heirs at his assizes. James, the 15th earl, sur-
rendered, by deed in the chancery of Ireland, his old
family prerogative of exemption from attendance on a
parliament summoned in any walled town, except at
his pleasure ; and covenanted that he would suffer the
laws of England to be executed in his county, that he
would assist the king's judges in their circuits, and per-
mit subsidies to be raised upon his followers ; but these
conditions were never fulfilled either by himself or his
successors. Thomas, sixteenth lord or baron of Kerry,
is styled even in the 5th of Edward VI., " Captain of
his nation ; " an extraordinary mark of the absence
of English laws of property and society in this as well
as the other old palatinates down to that period. He
held his seat in parliament by the title of Baron of
Lixnaw.
But a great change in the political condition of the
inhabitants soon afterwards took place. Gerald, six-
teenth earl of Desmond, restless, ambitious, and raised
to a still higher rank among the most powerful sub-
jects of Europe by the oppressions which his family
had exercised over their weaker neighbours, united
with these qualities and circumstances a great want of
discretion, and no slight disaffection to the English
crown, which had arisen in the early part of the reign
of Elizabeih by mutual jealousies between the govern-
ment and such of the leading men as had not joined
the Reformation. He was imprisoned for a short period
in 1 568, during which the government of this and of
the two contiguous counties was vested in commis-
sioners. The remote southern situation of Kerry ren-
dered it, in the subsequent sanguinary periods, a prin-
cipal medium of foreign correspondence maintained by
the insurgents, whose first attempt, however, was sup-
pressed by Sir John Perrot, in IST'i ; the leaders, heads
of the native clans of the south, with a few of the old
Anglo-Norman knights, submitting to mercy. Although
a reward was offered for the ai)prehension of the Earl
of Desmond, after his escape from Dublin in 15*4,
when he was declared a traitor, he remained quiet in
his own territories until 1576, when Sir William
Druky was made Lord-President of Munster, and
the carl nominally appointed one of his council. Sir
William, with a view to the general reform of the pro-
vince, resolved to break through Desmond's liberties,
and hold assizes in the palatinate of Kerry, which he
regarded as a sanctuary for rebels and disturbers of the
KERR
peace. The earl endeavoured to dissuade him from his
design, but without effect. He then, reserving himself
for an appeal to the chief governor, assured Drury that
he should be received in Kerry with all honour and
submission, and invited him to reside at his own castle
of Tralee. This invitation was accepted, when, on the
near approach of Sir William with I'iO men, he ob-
served at some distance a body of 700 of Desmond's
followers advancing to meet him. The president at
once concluded that he had been betrayed, and hastened
to charge without waiting an attack. Desmond's fol-
lowers dispersed at the first onset, and it was explained
by the countess, who received the president at the
castle, that they had been assembled by her lord merely
to entertain him with hunting. Drury then proceeded
to execute the laws without control or opposition, ex-
cept in the unavailing complaints made to the govern-
ment by the earl.
In 1579, a party of Spaniards and a few native insur-
gents having landed with Saunders, the Pope's nuncio,
at Smerwick, in this county. Sir John of Desmond, the
earl's brother, to ingratiate himself with them, procured
the murder, at Tralee, of Henry Danvers, an English
gentleman, and the two provincial judges sent there to
execute justice in the queen's name, together with all
their attendants. This transaction completed the de-
termination of the government totally to abohsh all the
Earl of Desmond's powers of exclusive jurisdiction,
which his subsequent rebellion gave an opportunity to
effect. The earl's wavering and indecisive conduct, in
which he was encouraged by the Lord of Kerry,
brought a protracted war of extermination on the
whole province ; and, his defection proving every day
more certain, he was at length proclaimed a traitor, and
his country entered with fire and sword. The Earl of
Ormonde and Sir Warham St. Leger wasted his
lands, slew numbers of his* men, burned his towns, and
took his castles (putting both Spaniards and natives to
the sword) as far, with the aid of the lord-justice, as
the mountains of Slievelogher. They then ravaged and
destroyed the district of Corkaguiney from Tralee to
Dingle, slaying many of the people. While this desul-
tory warfare was proceeding, additional forces, with mili-
tary stores for the insurgents, landed at Smerwick from
Spain ; but these troops, after a long siege, surrendered
at discretion, and were barbarously murdered, together
with all who had joined them. Captain Zouch was then
appointed, with 450 men, to govern the county and pur-
sue the insurgents, which he did with the utmost rigour ;
but the English army being soon reduced to an insig-
nificant force, the war again revived with all its horrors ;
and it was terminated only by the death of the earl,
who was slain by a party of common soldiers in a
wretched hovel in a wood, where he had taken refuge,
a few miles east of Tralee. Sir John Perrot shortly
after gave the government of the palatinate to the
queen's sheriff, and the Lord of Kerry, who had sub-
mitted and received pardon from the queen.
In 1599, a fresh rebellion broke out, headed in this
county by the sui;an or mock Earl of Desmond ; his
brother John ; Patrick, the seventeenth lord of Kerry ;
Pierce Lacy, the knight of the Glin or Valley ; and
Thomas Fitzmaurice, son of the late baron of Lixnaw,
or Kerry. Florence M'^Carty, also, took secret part
with them. It was suppressed prior to the landing of
K E 11 R
K E U U
the Spaniards in 1601 ; but tliis event encouraged another
general revolt, in which the most noted parties in this
county were the M'Carties, O'SuUivans, O'Connors, the
Lord of Kerry, the Knight of Kerry, and all who had
been pardoned for their previous acts of insurgency.
Tliey raised and maintained in active service a guerilla
force of about one thousand men. But a warfare
of ravages, with a view to destroy all means of sub-
sistence, conducted by Sir Charles Wilmot, at length
forced the insurgents through absolute famine to sur-
render.
The lands forfeited by these successive rebellions,
including the vast possessions of the Earl of Desmond,
were portioned out to English adventurers. The prin-
cipal of these were Sir William Herbert, Sir Valen-
tine Browne, Sir Edward Denny, Robert Blenncrhasset,
and Capt. Jenkins Conway : besides whom other set-
tiers obtained grants, from whom the families of Spring
Rice, Morris, and Gunn, descended. Before this period
Kerry had been considered the most flourishing part
of the south of Ireland, abounding with corn, and the
best inhabited county of Munster. But the state of
misery, depopulation, aud ruin to which the whole had
been reduced by the wars was most appalling. The
custom of tanistry was formally abolished here by a
judgment of the king's bench, in 160.5. On the break-
ing out of the war in 1641, the old native families took
part with the insurgents ; appointed a governor of the
county i and levied men, whose hostilities caused as
many of the English gentlemen as were able to retire
either to join the Lord-President St. Leger, or to pass
over into England, while others fortified themselves in
places of strength. By the end of 164'2 the Irish were
masters of every place in the county, with the exception
of Ballingarry Castle : Rinuncini landed in Kenmare
bay in 1645, and died in a wood near Tulligaron, in the
vicinity of Tralee. But the county was finally reduced
in 165*2, by General Ludlow, who took Ross Castle, and
compelled Lord Muskerry to surrender his troops,
amounting to about 5000 men. Extensive grants were
now made to new English settlers, out of the estates
forfeited in these disastrous commotions ; and a colony
of English was planted on the Kenmare river in the
south, by Sir William Petty, who obtained large grants
of land here, and carried on the iron trade with great
activity so long as timber could be procured for smelt-
ing. In 16S9, however, the colony was attacked by
the Irish in King James's interest, to whom, after some
resistance, it was compelled to surrender on terms ; and
the Protestant settlers of the entire county were much
harassed and plundered, and for the most part driven
out. In a report made to King William's government,
and now among the Harleian MSS. in the British Mu-
seum, this county is described to be " of large extent,
almost surrounded by the sea, and in it the most and
best harbours of any county in the kingdom ; full of
woods, bogs, and mountains, yet intermixed with plea-
sant valleys, full of people, and the most quiet and
peaceable part of Ireland ; the country full of cattle,
and great store of corn in the ground ; and in the last
wars, when all Ireland was reduced, this one county
kept near 10,000 men almost two years in action ; and
hither came the Earl of Clancarty and all the officers of
his army, and in Ross, a place by nature of great
strength, made good terms and so went off. It may
Vol. II.— 9
cost more men to reduce it than half Ireland, for the
county is full of fastnesses and plenty of provision.
The greatest advantage may be made of its harbourn,
that are for all winds, and near which all ships from the
western seas must pass, and if in possession of the
French might destroy more merchants of England than
out of any parts in France or Ireland." In I69I, a
detachment of William's army under Brigadier Levison
completely subdued the country, although the Irish in-
habitants every where rose to oppose them ; and burned
Tralee. About 1710, the southern coast was greatly
harassed by French privateers, to check whose inroads
a redoubt was ordered by parliament to be erected on
Valencia Island.
This county is entirely within the diocese of Ardfert
and Aghadoe. For purposes of civil jurisdiction it
is divided into the baronies of Clanmaurice, Corka-
guiney, Dunkerron, Glanerough, Iraghticonnor, Iveragh,
Magonihy, and Trughenackmy. It contains the bo-
rough, market, and assize town of Tralee ; the (once
incorporated) market and post town of Dingle ; the
market and post towns of Cabirciveen and Kiilarney ;
the post-towns of Kenmare, Listowel, Milltown, Tarbert,
aud Valencia ; the smaller towns of Ballylongford, Bkn-
nerville, Castlegregory, and Castleisland ; the ancient
incorporated town of Ardfert ; and the villages of An-
nescalle, Ballybrack, Ballyheigue, Killorglin, Sneem, &c.
Prior to the Union it sent eight members to the Irish
parliament — two knights of the shire, and two repre-
sentatives for each of the boroughs of Tralee, Dingle,
and Ardfert ; but since that period its sole representa-
tives have been the two members for the county at
large, and one representative for the borough of Tralee,
in the Imperial parliament. The county constituency
qualified to vote, in 1S4I, consisted of 1401 persons, of
whom 329 were £50, '206 £20, and 645 £10, free-
holders; 32 £20, and 136 £10, leaseholders; and 16
£50, and 39 £20, rent-chargers. The election takes
place at Tralee. The county is included in the Munster
circuit ; the assizes and general quarter-sessions are
held at Tralee, and quarter-sessions also at Kiilarney,
Cahirciveen, Dingle, Kenmare, and Listowel : at Tralee
are the county court-house and county gaol ; and there
are bridewells at Cahirciveen, Castleisland, Dingle, Ken-
mare, Kiilarney, Listowel, Milltown, and Tarbert. The
local government is vested in a lieutenant, 1* deputy-
lieutenants, and about 80 other magistrates ; besides
whom are the usual county officers, including three
coroners. There are 34 constabulary police stations,
having in the whole a force of one county inspector, 6
sub-inspectors, 7 head-constables, 28 constables, and
140 sub-constables, with 6 horses ; the expense of whose
maintenance in 1S42 was £9946, defrayed by grand
jury presentments, and by government. Along the
coast are 15 coast-guard stations ; 4 being in the dis-
trict of Valencia, and having a force of 4 officers and
31 men ; 6 in that of Dingle, with ~ officers and 36
men ; and 5 in the district of Tralee, with 3 officers and
35 men : each district is under the control of a resident
inspecting commander. The county infirmary, lunatic
asylum, fever hospital, and dispensary are at Tralee :
and there are dispensaries and fever hospitals at Lis-
towel, Cahirciveen, and Kiilarney, and 24 dispensaries
situated respectively at Tarbert, Milltown, Dingle, Castle-
island, Kenmare, Sneem, &c., supported equally by pri-
C
KERR
vate contributions and grand jury presentments. The
entire amount of grand jury presentments, in 1844, was
£38,250. In mountainous districts the applotments are
made by what are called reduced ploughlands, each
being divided into 60 acres, called reduced acres ; but
these ploughlands are determined rather by their pro-
portionable quality and value than by their superficial
extent ; for the larger they are, the coarser and less
fertile ; the smallest being the most fruitful. In the
military arrangements, that part of the county south of
the river Flesk is included in the Cork district, the
other part to the north of the river being in the Lime-
rick district. There are a barrack station for infantry
at Tralee, affording accommodation for 17 officers and
456 non-commissioned officers and men ; and two bat-
teries on the islands of Carrigue and Tarbert, each
mounting six '24-pounders and containing bomb-proof
barracks for about 20 men.
Kerry is the most western county of Ireland, and
the fourth in extent ; it is surpassed by many in fer-
tility. From its aspect it seems well adapted to become
a valuable tillage country, but, though improvements
have been rapid of late years, a great part of it lies still
in a very unproductive condition. The northern part,
towards the Shannon, is comparatively low. From the
mouth of the river Cashen to Kerry Head, which forms
the south side of the mouth of the Shannon, stretches a
bank of upland ; this is chiefly a heathy moor, and near
Kerry Head rises to a considerable elevation. The coast
of the county towards the ocean is partly high sand- '
hills and partly steep cliffs, on which the ruins of some
dismantled castles are boldly situated ; that of Doon
stands almost perpendicularly over the ocean. The
northern tract of low country has on its south a range
of upland, rising gradually into the boundaries between
Limerick and Cork ; this upland, in passing eastward,
expands to a great width. Still more southerly is an
extensive range of mountains, many of the summits of
which are among the highest in Ireland ; they com-
mence at the eastern side of the bay of Dingle, and,
with little interruption, pass along the southern side of
the lake of Killarney and onward to the county of
Cork, embracing some deep vales. The general aspect
of this part of the county is rude : the valleys are com-
monly occupied with bog, round the upper edge of
which, and along the margins of the streams, are narrow
stripes of cultivated land, behind which the mountains
rise to an elevation of from 1500 to 2000 feet, present-
ing bold rocky cliffs towards the bay of Dingle and the
Atlantic. The southern baronies of Iveragh, Dunkerron,
and Glanerough arc the wildest and most uncultivated
tracts in the county : the last-mentioned, which takes
its name from the Roughty, a river that flows through
it, is separated from the adjoining barony of Bere, in the
county of Cork, by a range of lofty mountains, the
greater part of which was formerly the estate of the
OSullivans. MacgillycticUly's Reeks, in north Dunker-
ron, are the highest mountains not only in the county,
but in Ireland ; their most elevated summit, called
Carran Tual, or Gheran Tuel, being 3404 feet above the
level of the sea. Mangerton is next in height. To-
wards the west are the mountains of Druiig and Callee,
the highest summits of the range that separates the
baronies of Iveragh and Dunkerron. This chain pro-
ceeds eastward to the south of the lakes of Killarney,
10
K E R R
along Tomies mountain, Glena, Tore, Mangerton, Cro-
hane, and the Paps ,- the last are particularly remark-
able for the regularity of their convex or conical form,
and the range of which they form a part is connected
with the hiUs of Glenflesk, overhanging O'Donoghoe's
Country. North and east of Tralee ai-e the ranges called
Stack's mountains and the Glanruddery mountains. Be-
tween the harbours of Castlemaine and Tralee is a range
of high mountains, called Slieve Mish, attaining an ele-
vation of upwards of 2200 feet ; and hence mountains
extend westward into the peninsular barony of Corka-
guiney under various names, among which, one of re-
markable conical shape is called Cahir-conrigh. Con-
siderable tracts of these mountains have been improved,
and brought into tillage. This barony, indeed, is
esteemed the granary of the county ; the northern side,
called Litteragh, is richly cultivated, and rendered very
productive by the facility of obtaining sea-manure.
Brandon hill here rises to a great height, and its top or
sides are often enveloped in clouds. From the base of
the mountains various brooks run into both bays.
From the southern coast of the barony a long peninsula
of sand-hills, called Inch Island, extends into the bay of
Castlemaine.
The LAKES in the mountainous regions are numerous,
but few are of large dimensions. The most remarkable
for extent is the celebrated Lough Leine, the principal
of the lakes of Killarney, which are three in number,
and connected by straits, or short rivers. They are
distinguished by the names of the Upper, the Turc, and
the Lower lake. The last is about six miles in length
and of great breadth, with mountains on one side of the
richest grandeur, which is increased by the contrast of
the level shore on the other ; the surface is overspread
with islands of the most luxuriant beauty. Tore lake
is separated from it by the wooded peninsula of Muek-
ross and Dinis Island, and is still more picturesque ;
but the wildest sublimity is that of the Upper Lake,
about 2^ miles in length, and wholly surrounded by
mountains. [For a more detailed account, see the
article on Killarney.] The other lakes are as follow : —
Lough Currane, near the shore of Ballinskellig bay, and
which has several islands, and is fed by a stream called
the Cummaragh river, flowing from the smaller lakes of
Derriana and Elaineane, in the mountains ; Lough Scall,
about halfway between Tralee and Dingle ; Lough Cara,
near the harbour of Castlemaine ; and Lough Quinlan,
near the creek of Kilmacalogue, and which contains
several small floating islands. The Devil's Punch-Bowl
is a very deep hollow near the summit of Mangerton
mountain, upwards of 1500 feet above the level of the
sea ; it discharges its surplus water by a large stream
that rolls down the mountain side in a succession of
cataracts distinguished by their white foam at a con-
siderable distance. At the foot of the same mountain
is Lough Kittane, a secluded and picturesque lake.
Several of the mountain ridges form headlands pro-
jecting boldly into the sea, the intermediate valleys being
the basins of noble bays and estuaries, into which the
rivers empty themselves. Commencing at the southern
extremity of the county, the first of these is the bay or
estuary of the Kenmare river, which penetrates 25 miles
into the country, and is navigable at high water up to
Kenmare town, at its innermost extremity : it contains,
on the south side, the harbours of Ardgroom and Kilma-
K E R 11
K E R U
calogue, and on its northern side, that of Sncem ; and
along the northern shore is a succession of small islands,
the principal of which are Rossmorc, Ilansherky, Cap-
panacoss, and Dunkerron. The next bay is that of
Ballinaskellig, near the entrance of which are the Hog
Islands ; and towards the west are the Skellig Islands,
which, like the other principal islands here noticed, are
described under a separate head. Beyond these lies
Puffin Island (see Killemlagh), and beyond Puffin is
Valencia Island, forming a harbour by the channel that
separates it from the main land ; this harbour has an
entrance at each end, and is considered one of the safest
and most commodious on the western coast. Between
Valencia Island and the Blas(|uets is Dingle bay, an ex-
tensive opening with steep shores on each side, in which
a ship may anchor in any part above a mile from the
shore ; it contains the harbours of Ventry, Dingle, and
Castlcmaine. Dunmore Head, the most western point of
Ireland, forms the northern extremity of Dingle bay ;
the natives call it Tig-vourney-Geeranc, or Mary Gerane's
house. Otf this headland are the Blasquet or Ferriter's
Islands, between the largest of which and the main land
is a deep sound with a rapid current. Beyond Dunmore
Head is Smerwick bay, the whole of which was originally
bog, now invaded by the sea. Pursuing eastward the
north coast of the peninsula of Corkaguiuey, between
Magharee Head and Brandon Head, lies Brandon bay,
on the eastern side of the mountain of that name. The
Magharees, or Seven Hog Islands, lie at the extremity
of a peninsula which separates Brandon from Tralee
bay. Between Fenit Island (behind which is the inlet
called Barra harbour) and Kerry Head is Balhjheigne
bay, in which there is no shelter ; and from an error in
laying down the latitude of Loop Head in the charts, it
has often been fatally mistaken for the mouth of the
Shannon. The only harbour in Kerry within the Shan-
non is that of Tarbert : off its mouth is the island of the
same name.
The climate is mild, and, though moist from its vici-
nity to the Atlantic, from the height of the mountains,
and the wide extent of the bogs, is salubrious : several
trees which are deemed indigenous to warmer latitudes,
particularly the arbutus, grow here naturally to great
size and beauty. In some instances cultivation extends
up the sides of the high lands in the mountainous region
to an elevation of "00 feet above the sea. The soil in the
Northern parts is of a coarse quality, much inclined to
produce rushes, and retentive of surface water, a con-
siderable portion of it having been reclaimed from a
state of bog ; but in summer it is very productive of
grass, and is chiefly depastured by dairy cattle. The
Middle district, bounded as it is by mountains of con-
siderable elevation, is in general of an alluvial aspect :
the soil and gravel transported from the uplands on each
side form the cover, and limestone the substratum to an
uncertain depth. The south side is generally a stone-
brash of the slate and rubble stone mingled with sand ;
the northern, a gravel of blue flag, tightened with sandy
clay. The valley from Tralee by Castleisland and down
the river Maine has a sandy and clayey loam on lime-
stone : the upland on the north is argillaceous, being
chiefly composed of slate-clay and hard argillaceous sand-
stone. A band of limestone is found to traverse the
lower part of this tract. In the mountainous district
which occupies nearly the whole of the South of the
11
county are deep and extensive vales, which are almost
entirely occupied by bog, but which, though at present
little better than wastes, appear, from their favourable
exposure and the facility with which their produce may
be exported, to be well adapted to a more improved
mode of cultivation. The bogs are not confined to the
mountainous districts, but occur frequently in large
continuous tracts in all parts of the county, and cover
an extent of 10."),5~7 acres, exclusively of the small
mountain bogs which were not estimated in the general
survey of the bogs of Ireland. One species of bog,
found chiefly in the barony of Corkaguiney, peculiarly
deserves notice ; it is called in Irish Meagh Vone, which
signifies " flat turf." In its natural state it is of a glu-
tinous or saponaceous quality, lying upon the gravel
under shallow peat-bogs, which are of a black and brit-
tle nature, with a grassy surface, often producing rushes.
It occurs about three spits deep, in a stratum from eight
to twelve inches thick, and is of a light-brown colour,
mixed with a clayey white. When found, it is carefully
laid aside, not for fuel but for light ; as two or three
sods of it, broken small and placed successively on the
top of the fire, supply light for the family during the
longest night. If kept it is carefully dried, in which
case it is nearly as light as cork and has a similar smell
when burning. A chymical analysis showed it to be
wood, much decayed, and highly impregnated with
bituminous matter : when distilled it yielded a consider-
able proportion of a thick oily inflammable matter, w ith
a residuum of soft charcoal.
In a county so extensive as Kerry, and until of late
so difficult of access in its mountainous districts ; where
the inhabitants of its several baronies seem to be pre-
cluded by nature from a free communication with each
other ; and where, throughout the whole, agriculture is
in a backward state, no regular system of till.\ge can
be supposed to prevail. The general crops are potatoes,
wheat, barley, oats, and flax. Green crops, with a few
exceptions, are little known ; nor are any grass seeds
sown, except by a few gentleman farmers. The Irish
oat, which is but of indifferent quality, is that usually
raised. Barley has been tried on boggy land, but found
to be a failing crop, being liable to be overrun by the
weed persicarium. In some places, rape is partially cul-
tivated for seed, and is well adapted for boggy laud : the
crop is stacked when cut, and threshed when a market
occurs. Dairies abound, particularly in the district
about Castleisland. In some, the proprietor of the land
and stock lets out a certain number of cows on a given
tract of land by the year, for a particular sum, engaging
that all shall have calved before the '21st of June, with a
drawback in cases of failure. In other cases, the land
and cows are given up to the management of a dairy-
man, who returns his employer a certain quantity of
butter of prime quality, and one guinea horn-money for
each cow, by which is meant an allowance for the sale
or value of sour milk. To every dairy-farm a certain
portion of meadow ground is annexed for winter pro-
vender, which the dairyman is obliged to save at his own
cost. Should his supply fall short, the proprietor buys
elsewhere and the dairyman draws it home. In the
northern districts the dairy system is very prevalent,
and the method used there for making butter has been
deemed worthy of a particular description by an agri-
cultural writer. The butter produced in Kerry, to the
KERR
annual amount of 100,000 firkins, or full- bounds, as
they are here called, formerly found a market in the city
of Cork ; of late, however, butter has been sold to a
large extent at Tralee and Killarney. Much is sold in
the public market ; but a considerable quantity is also
disposed of by contract to particular merchants.
Limestone is extensively used as a manure in those
districts where it can be easily procured : the quarries
which supply a very large tract of country are at Bally-
macelligot, four miles from Tralee, and there are others
about seven miles from Killarney, isolated by a district
of bog and mountain ; the former also produce building-
stone of superior quality. The farmers in the vicinity
of the sea-shore have an inexhaustible supply of manure
of two kinds, sea-weed and sand, which on loamy soils
act jointly with the best effect, while on soils where either
is found to be injurious, the other operates as a correc-
tion. The agricultural implements are few and simple.
In the mountainous parts the plough is scarcely used ;
the process of tillage being wholly managed by a spade
of peculiar construction, called a " loy." Until the late
general improvement of the roads, wheel-carriages were
little known in these districts, but their use is now
becoming general.
From the introduction of the improved kinds of cattle
from Great Britain, the county now possesses the long-
horned Leicester, the Hereford, the Holderness, and the
Devon breeds : the common cattle of the country are
partly of the long and partly of the short horned, vary-
ing in size according to their pasture ; in mountain
farms they are very small, and chiefly short-horned.
The mixtures of blood have operated towards the ex-
tinction of the original Kerry breed of small cattle, so
beautiful in their shape, so profitable for their milk, and
so easily fattened to the best quality of fine-grained
meat. Yet some of their good quaUties still remain ;
the present stock frequently prove valuable milchers,
and almost all, when brought into rich pastures, increase
considerably in size and make excellent beef. The dairy
cow is of a very good description, not of any distinct
breed, but what may be termed an excellent grazier's
cow, of comely shape and thrifty appearance, weighing
from four to six cwt. when fat. The Sheep are of the
mountain kind, in some parts of good size, and in
general with very fair wool of clothing qnahty : from
their strong resemblance to the Merino, particularly in
the formation of the horns of the males, and from the
former communication between Spain and this part of
Ireland, there is every reason to suppose that the moun-
tain flocks of this county are deeply crossed with Merino
blood. Numerous herds of Goafs are fed on the moun-
tains, and, though apparently suffered to ramble at large,
are collected every evening for milking, by dogs trained
for the purpose. Little attention is paid to the breed of
Swine. In some places a very bad description of long-
legged, thin, flat-ribbed pig, diflicult to fatten, is met
with i in others, a well-formed white pig, easily fattened,
and weighing from two to three cwt., is reared. The
Suffolk breed of Horses has been introduced, but has not
spread largely through the county. The Kerry ponies,
once so famed, and originally of Spanish or rather of
Moorish extraction, were formerly strong enough for,
farming purposes, but now, by injudicious crossing, are
so degenerated as to be fit only for the saddle and for
very light weights. Numbers of them are brought down
12
K E R R
from the mountains to Killorglin fair, in droves of per-
haps a score together, not one of them having been ever
embarrassed by a halter, till sold there. Ponies of a
superior description are occasionally offered for sale here,
and command high prices. Some of the wilder moun-
tains are still haunted by the native red Deer, and a few
of the fallow-deer still remain wild about Ballyheigue;
the hunting of the former through the mountains of
Killarney, with their resounding echoes, affords sport of
the most animating description.
This county was once almost entirely covered with
TIMBER of large size and of the best description, and
even now in the mountain valleys the growth of timber
is kept down only by the grazing of the cattle ; for it
has been found that wherever these were excluded, tim-
ber spontaneously grew up, insomuch as, in some
cases, to prevent the growth of young plantations.
Some of the great landed proprietors are very attentive
to the planting of their property. The Marquess of
Lansdowne planted 100,000 trees, principally oak, ash,
Scotch fir, beech, and larch, in the twelve years between
1800 and l.Sl'2. The extent of the Earl of Kenmare's
woods is estimated at '2000 acres ; and Mr. Herbert's,
of Muckross, at nearly double that number. Important
improvements were effected by the late Lord Headley
on his estates at Glenbegh, Castleisland, and Aghadoe,
particularly the first, where the change produced in a
few years, not merely in the cultivation of the land,
planting, draining, embanking, &c., but in the habits
and manners of the peasantry, excites the admiration of
all who were previously acquainted with this wild, moun-
tainous, and lawless district. Orchards are not unfre-
quent in the northern district of Kerry. This county
produces the celebrated Kacageogh cyder : the trees
which bear this famous apple are the worst-looking and
least productive of any ; they appear to be falling down,
are ill supplied with leaves, unhealthy in appearance,
and so knotty as to resemble trees grown from pitchers,
but unrivalled in the quality of liquor they produce.
The next in quality is made from an apple called the
Speckled Moss. The fuel universally used is turf, the
supply of which may be said to be inexhaustible. Coal
is rarely used for fuel, except by a few respectable
families.
The Geology is interesting. The western portion of
the NORTH of the county, which has been already de-
scribed as lying low, is a great limestone basin, the
eastern boundary of which is formed by o line from
Knockanure hill southward to Listowel, and thence
south-westerly to Ardfert, where it sinks under the ocean
in Ballyheigue bay. This limestone is secondary, with
marine remains and calc-spar, usually of a light blue or
smoke-grey colour ; it seldom rises more than forty or
fifty feet above high water, appearing sometimes in
crags and low cliffs, but mostly concealed by a cover of
yellow clay. Its northern boundary, the hill of Knock-
anure, about 700 feet high, is composed of grey sand-
stone ; the junction on that side is every where con-
cealed by a deep cover of clayey loam. To the west of
that liill, the contiguous rock sinks under the level of
the ocean, and permits the tide to enter the mouth of
the Cashen, the navigation of which is obstructed by
sand-hills ; but these, being partly calcareous, afford a
useful supply of manure to the upper country. From
the Cashen to Kerry Head, as already observed, stretches
KERR
KERR
a bank of upland, which, as it proceeds westward, be-
comes chiefly a heathy moor, rising to a considerable
height at its termination : it is composed of thick beds
of argillaceous sandstone, nearly horizontal, and in the
partings of which the beautiful quartz crystals called
Kerry stones are found ; they are transparent and regu-
lar, and very hard. Steel-grained lead is also found
traversing this formation. On its southern side this
bank is more slaty and somewhat calcareous, being
mixed, near Ballyheigue, with lesser masses of close-
grained conglomerate. On the west is a low sandy flat
and salt marsh, defended from the ocean by sand hills
extending from Ballyheigue to Barra harbour.
In the northern upland formation of the middle dis-
trict of Kerry are beds of culm, which has been worked
only in its eastern range, in the county of Cork.
Some specimens of the culm from Killarney, Tralee,
and Castleisland wore nearly incombustible, which may
be accounted for from their having been taken from the
surface : in a drift in the river Awineeghrea, a branch
of the Flesk, the specimens resemble plumbago. It
is possible, by sinking, to obtain coal like that of Kil-
kenny. A band of limestone, containing a few organic
remains, traverses the southern part of this formation ;
it is chiefly blue, compact, with chert over it, and to
the west partly regularly stratified. Where it shows
itself in the middle of the Slieve Lughar bogs, in Lord
Kenmare's quarries, it is also blue and compact, with-
out any chert, but a good deal of calcareous spar. It
next appears about two miles west of Killarney, on the
Flesk, much intermingled with hornstone or chert,
and, finally, constitutes the great deposition which
forms nearly all the islands and promontories on the
north side of the Lower lake. The limestone there
meets the brown transition rocks of the mountains ;
and near the junction it is traversed by metallic veins
of copper and lead. A second band is found in various
places along the course of the Gheestan, where it is
blackish and mingled with chert-. The whole bottom
of the valley of the Maine consists of limestone lying in
strata, which, though generally confused, appear to lap
on each side above those of the mountain. The hnie-
stone is generally compact, and much impressed with
marine remains ; black and hard towards Tralee, where
it is dressed as marble ; whitening and more tender
towards Castleisland and the Maine, and of course more
readily calcined : both kinds are excellent and nearly
pure. Towards the northern side of the beds they be-
come more flinty, and are separated from the mountain
rocks by thin beds of Lydian stone, black or blueish-
grey, with the cross fracture slightly conchoidal. To-
wards Tralee this becomes a complete horn-slate, the
shiver of which is highly valued for road gravel. There
are large banks of shell-sand in Castlemaine bay ; it is
of a muddy blueish cast, containing numerous whole
shells of the species of cardium. One of the Skellig
rocks, which has often been called marble, contains
nothing but bolts of quartz traversing the brown slate.
The mountain of Slieve Mish, which runs parallel to the
Maine on its northern side, and terminates in the penin-
sula of Corkaguiney, is composed of old sandstone or
grit, dipping about 40° N. to 8° W. : towards the in-
terior the dip is greater, and the rock more indurated.
It is covered with thick beds of millstone grit, or coarse-
grained conglomerate, with pebbles of quartz, &c.
13
The component rock of the mountains which form
nearly the whole of the southern part of the county,
is of the transition class, being a clay-slate or ardcsia,
which dips to the S. or>° E. at an angle of 68° from the
horizontal ; so that, though nearly on edge, it presents
its cliffs and sections to the north-west. This positioQ
is favourable to its decomposition. From the facility
with which the water penetrates, the strata split and
crumble down the mountain side, leaving a considerable
detritus at the foot of all the cliffs, finally decomposing
into an adhesive loam well suited to the production of
grain crops, and forming a principal component of many
fertile soils in the south of Ireland. The range of
mountains which separates the bay or river of Kenmare
from Bantry bay is composed of beds of schist and
sandstone of various colours, but similar in their com-
position to the greywacke formations of other parts of
the county. The clay-slate is quarried for roofing in
some places ; but as the works have seldom proceeded
far below the surface, that raised is generally shivery
and small, though much of it is equal in quality to
the Easdale and Ballahulish in the west of Scotland.
It is blue, purple, and green, according to the inter-
mixture of iron or chlorite ; splits readily, and bears
piercing j is slightly foliated or wavy, harder and more
silicious thau Bangor slate, and very durable. The
convenience of export has hitherto only admitted of
quarries being opened at Cahir, Begnish, anil Valencia ;
at the last place flags of large dimensions are quarried,
which find a ready market in London. The general
slate rock, especially towards the south and centre,
is in many places penetrated with veins of quartz ; it
is highly indurated, and in some places the traces of
stratification are entirely obliterated in the smaller spe-
cimen, though always recognisable in the great, where
the rock is found itt situ. From the colour communi-
cated by the chlorite, the rock is provincially called
greenstone, being similar in aspect, though of different
composition, to that so called by mineralogists. AVhen
the red oxyde is more abundant, it is called brownstone.
Where the induration is not so great as to destroy the
schistose as well as the lamellar structure, the rock is
used as flag or rubble stone. Flags of this sort are
common on the surface. But the most common land
stones here are the blocks of more highly indurated
rocks, which, parting from the mass by cracks and
fissures, have had their angles decomposed and worn off,
and are to be met with in the form of round boulders at
great distances from their original seat in the mountain.
One of the most singular rocks occurs close to the road
from Killarney to Ballyvourney, at the head of the glen
of Glenflesk : it rests on the transition slate of the
county, and is a close-grained compact sandstone, im-
bedded in which are minute prismatic crystals of flesh-
coloured felspar, and here and there gcodes, six or
eight inches in diameter, containing sparry iron ore and
white quartz. It thus comes under the description of
porphyritic rocks, and is the only one at present kuowu
in the south of Ireland. It may also be mentioned that,
in all the mountains, the common grit-stone contains
large quantities of spar or crystal, or both ; also sparry
iron-ore, and iron pyrites in crystals. The Roughty
stream separates beds of limestone from others of clay-
slate ; and near the head of the Kenmare river are
several islands abounding with limestone and beauti-
K E 11 R
fully variegated marbles. Limestone occurs on other
parts of this coast.
Iron is found plentifully in the southern baronies,
where there were two manufactories of it, one at Kil-
lamey, the other at Blackstones, but both have been
long since discontinued from want of fuel. Lead-ore
is found in many parts. Copper of a golden colour
was raised at Muckross, and when the mines were
worked, grey cobalt and cobalt-bloom were found in
considerable quantities ; purple copper at Ardfert ; and
marcasites of copper in Glanerought. The marble of
Tralee has spots like that of Kilkenny, but larger, and
fuller of sparry substance; it takes a high polish.
Marble of inferior quality is found in several other parts.
In some of the islands in the bay of Kenmare is a varie-
gated marble of red and white, interspersed with yellow,
green, and purple spots. A grey marble in Cappanacoss
Island was formerly extensively worked by Sir William
Petty. Near Castleisland is found the Lapis Hibernicus
auctoTiim, or " Irish slate ;" its taste is sour, and it
abounds with common green copperas, for extracting
which works were erected at Tralee, but were relin-
quished for want of a market. Pipe-clay, potters'-clay,
fullers'-earth, brown ochre, and rotten-stone, like
tripoli, are met with in various places. Very fine ame-
thysts have been found in the cliffs near Kerry Head ;
and sulphur appears on the north of Cashen river, near
Ballybunnian. A kind of whetstone used for razors is
found near the Devil's Punch-Bowl. Fossil shells are
to be met with in most places where there is limestone ;
they are chiefly of the cockle kind, and generally consist
of lumps of sparry matter, the shell being wholly decom-
posed, and only the shape remaining. Coraloids are
also discernible. Of the plants peculiar to this county,
or only found on the ridge that separates it from the
county of Cork, the most remarkable is the arbutus,
which, with the yew and holly, gives a perpetual verdure
to the natural woods of Killarney. The prostrate juniper
occurs on the shore near Derriquin, on the Kenmare
estuary. Saxifrages in numerous varieties descend from
the summit of the Reeks to the sea-shore ; and those
plants tliat luxuriate in a moist climate are more nume-
rous and diversified in Kerry, than in any other county
in Ireland : such are of the orders Musci, Hcpaticce, and
Lichetics, and of these, several new species have been
added to the British list.
The chief manuf.4Cture, that of coarse linen, is
nearly confined to the barony of Corkaguiney, where it
was formerly much more extensive than at present ;
the word " Dingle," impressed upon the cloth, procured
for it a ready sale at foreign markets. The flax is uni-
formly raised on potato soil, and yields abundantly;
latterly, since attention has been paid to saving the
seed, half the former quantity of imported seed has been
found to be sufficient. The kind of linen most in de-
mand was known by the name of " Box-and-trip," and
owed its character to the careful mode of preparing the
yarn ; but the sale has latterly declined, in consecjuence
of the inferior method of manufacture ; it is wrought in
pieces from 140 to '200 yards in length. Another kind
of linen is also made here, called Bandle linen, from
being of the width of fourteen inches, which makes the
measure called a bandle. Both sorts were in much de-
mand, as well for domestic consumption as for the army
and navy. The woollen manufacture is carried on for
14
KERR
domestic purposes only ; the wool being mostly sent to
Cork or Limerick, where it is purchased and made up
into cloth. The Coomduffe mountains, however, form
an exception to this remark ; for the tenants there pay
their rent by flannels, which are sold at the markets of
Tralee and Dingle. The fishery is carried on chiefly
from the ports of Valencia and Dingle ; the kinds
taken include cod, ling, hake, glasson, and some had-
dock. Along the shores of the Kenmare river, the
fishery is likewise carried on to some extent ; and here,
that of pilchards was also a great source of profit, but
the fish quitted the coast many years since. Salmon is
abundant, though much thinned by the seals, which
frequent the shores in such numbers that the rocks are
covered with them in summer ; these are killed some-
times with musket balls, and sometimes by moonlight
in the caverns where they sleep. Dingle bay is famous
for its crayfish, and for lobsters on its northern side ;
oysters and other shell-fish are to be obtained in many
places. A great disadvantage which the entire county
labours under, is, the want of means for exporting its
produce ; there are but few quays, so that it loses
nearly all the advantages of its maritime situation.
Much might be done in this respect by opening the
mouth of the Cashen, and by improving the harbour of
Tarbert, which is capable of being made one of the most
useful ports on the Shannon.
The RIVERS are numerous, but none of them of great
length. The Feale rises in the mountains that separate
Kerry and Limerick, and, running by Abbeyfeale, re-
ceives the Gale or Galey near Rattoo from the north-
east, and afterwards the Brick from the south. From
the junction of these three, the united stream takes
the name of Casheti, under which it discharges itself
into the estuary of the Shannon, near Ballybunnian.
The tide flows up the whole of the Cashen, and boats
proceed as far as Lixnaw, on the Brick, at high water.
The Mang, or Maine, rises near Castleisland, and pro-
ceeding south-west is augmented by the Fleskroe ; and
after passing by Castlemaine, to which place it is navi-
gable, it falls into the harbour of that name. The Lee
or Leigh is a small stream rising a few miles east of
Tralee, but when augmented by the mountain streams
after rain, its body of water is so considerable, as fre-
quently to overflow a great part of that town, to w^hich
it is navigable from the sea by boats. The Flesk, the
second river in the county in size, has its source in the
Derrynasagart mountains, on the boundary of the county
of Cork, and flowing in a very winding course through
the valley of Glenflesh, discharges itself into the Lower
lake of Killarney. The only outlet for the waters of
these lakes is the Laurie, or Lane, which empties itself
into Castlemaine harbour, after receiving the Gheestan.
The Cara rises in the mountains of Dunkerron ; passes
through Glencarra ; and after forming a lake, falls into the
same bay. The Fartagh, and Intnj or Eeny, rise in the
Iveragh mountains, and flow westward, the former into
Valencia harbour, the latter into Ballinaskelligs bay.
The Roughly rises in the parish of Kilgarvan, and flow-
ing through a picturesque valley empties itself into the
inner extremity of the arm of the sea called the river or
bay of Kenmare, into the northern side of which the
Fiiiihy, Blackwater, and Sneem also fall. Most of these
rivers abound with salmon and trout. The Great
Blackwater rises in the north-east of Kerry, and after
KERR
KERR
forming the boundary between tbis county and Cork,
flows eastward through the latter county into the
Atlantic at Youghal. The roads have been considerably
improved. A government road from Castleisland to
King-William's-Town was lately completed ; as was
another under the Board of Public Works, from Ken-
mare to Glengariff, in continuation of a line from Kil-
larney to Kenmare completed about twenty years since :
each of the three opens a communication through a wild
and mountainous tract. Several other new roads are in
progress or projected.
The VESTIGES of ANTIQUITY Scattered over the county
are very numerous, though the most common are merely
the traces of the military struggles of which it has been
the scene. It had formerly three of the ancient round
towers, of which the one that stood near the cathedral
oi Ardfert fell in 1771 ; of another, at Aghadue about
20 feet remain ; and the third is still standing nearly
entire at Rattoo. Stuigiif fort, in the parish of Kilcro-
hane, is an extraordinary circular building of the most
remote date : there is another stone fort with seats
around it, about three miles distant, but in ruins, from
the inferior solidity of its workmanship ; and a similar
inclosure is to be seen in Iveragh, on the opposite
side of the river to Cahirciveen. Perhaps of a re-
moter age are the Ogham inscriptions near the church
of Kilmelchedor, not far from Sraerwick harbour ;
where there is another inscription in a running cha-
racter of various ancient letters. At Ballysteeny is
likewise a stone with an Ogham inscription ; and, in
the ruined church of Aghadoe, another. Among the
most curious of the ancient fortifications is the circular
inclosure at Caherdonnel, which is attributed to the
Danes ; and on the mountain of Cahirconree, or " the
fortress of King Con," is a circle of massive stones,
also piled in the manner of a Danish intrenchment.
There is a Danish camp, called Caher Truiit, on the
shores of Ventry haven ; and another at Rathanaiie, in
the same vicinity. Clee Riiadh, or the Red Ditch, is a
singular line of defence, commencing at a place called
Caher Carbery, near Kerry Head, and carried eastward
to the Cashen river, beyond which it re-appears ; pro-
ceeding over Knockanure mountain, it enters Limerick
county, where all traces of it are lost. It is conjectured
to have been a line of demarcation between the princi-
palities of Thomond and Desmond. The most curious
of the minor remains of the more remote ages is the
bronze instrument, resembling a kettle-drum, found at
Muckross, and now deposited in Charlemont House,
Dubhn. Eighteen Religious Houses are said to have
anciently existed in this county ; and there are remains
of those of Aghamore or Derrynanc, Ardfert, Ballinas-
kellig, Innisfallen, Irrelagh or Muckross, Killagh or de
Bello Loco (in the parish of Kilcoleman), Lislaghtin,
O'Dorney or Kjnrie Eleison, and Rattoo or Rathtoy.
There are also the ruins of the ancient cathedrals of
Ardfert and Aghadoe ; a ruined religious building, called
Monaster in Oriel, in the parish of Kilgarvan ; chapels
or cells, built entirely of stone with arched roofs, on
Skellig and Blasquet Islands, from the former of which
the abbey of Ballinaskellig was removed to the main
land ; a curious church and cell, dedicated to St. Finian,
on an island in Lough Currane, in the parish of Dromod ;
a stone-roofed cell at Fane, in the parish of Ventry ;
one also at Kelmelchedor j one near Gallerus, at the
15
bottom of Smerwick harbour, which is very perfect and
curious ; Mac Ida's chapel, near Ballyhelgue j and an
anchorite's cell in the solid rock near Kilcrohane clxurch.
Ruined parochial churches are scattered over the entire
county ; but their features are generally very simple.
The old (mlks still remaining in a more or less perfect
state are those of Ardea, Barra, Ballybeggan, Ballybun-
nian, Ballycarbcry, Ballyheigue, Ballymalus, Ballinas-
kellig, Beale, Cappanacoss, Carrigafoyle, Castlcdruin,
Castleficry, Castleisland, Castlelough, Castlesybil, Clon-
mellane, Doon, Dunkerrou, Dunloh, Fenit, Gallerus,
Killaha, Kilmurry, Lick, Listowel, Littur, Molahiffe,
Pallis, Rathanane, and Ross ; which, as well as the
modern castles and seats, are noticed in the articles on
the parishes in which they arc situated.
In the western part of the county the houses were
formerly built after the Spanish fashion, with stone
balconies in front ; as there was a great communication
with the Spaniards and Portuguese, who visited the
coast annually in considerable numbers to fish for cod,
which circumstance also accounts for the names given
to some of the towns. The mountainous parts are
chiefly inhabited by herdsmen, who feed and clothe
themselves from their own lands, consuming but little
of the produce of other places ; their habitations are
low smoky huts covered with coarse thatch. In some
parts the women have a becoming dress, consisting of a
jacket of cloth, with loose sleeves, made to fit close
round the neck and bosom, and fastened in front with
a row of buttons : this is considered to be a relic of the
Spanish costume. They marry at a very early age.
The peasants are generally well-proportioned, with
swarthy complexions, dark eyes, anil long black hair ;
exhibiting, in the opinion of some, strong traces of
Spanish origin. They are a frank, honest race, of very
independent spirit, acute in understanding, and friendly
and hospitable to strangers. The Dingle mountains
being dry and healthy, are very populous ; those to the
south are but thinly peopled. The state of the pea-
santry in the northern part of the county is much wor.se
than that just described. In many places they are
badly housed, the family and the cattle, including the
pig, being inmates of the same apartment ; the floors
being sunk below the level of the soil : the bedding
fornicd of straw, hay, or dry rushes ; their clothing
scanty ; nearly two-thirds of the population bare-legged ;
the diet, potatoes and sour milk ; the wages, tenpence
a day in spring and harvest, and at other periods the
labourers wholly unemployed. Between Tarbert and
Listowel many of the cabins are built of stone without
cement, the doors being of wicker. The people in
general, though superstitious, querulous, and, from
want of regular employment, of an idle disposition, are
inquisitive and extremely intelligent. It is well known
that classical learning was once sought after even to a
fault among the lower orders throughout the county,
manv of whom had more knowledge of the Latin lan-
guage than had the higher classes in other parts. The
practice of " keening" at funerals, which in many parts
is falling into disuse, is here retained in fuU force.
Mineral springs, simply chalybeate, are numerous.
Of sulphuric chalvbeates the principal is that called the
Spa, about three 'miles from Tralee ; and at lialtubeg,
north-east of Dingle, is another highly impregnated.
A saline spring at Magherybeg, in Corkaguiney, rises a
K I L-A C
little below high- water mark out of a clear white sand :
though covered twice a day by the tide, there is no
variation in it. Near Dowlas Head are several large
natural caves, one of which is of magnificent dimensions,
and in calm weather may be entered for 100 yards in a
boat ; the reverberation of the human voice in the
interior sounds like a speaking-trumpet. At Minega-
hane, near the Cashen, the sea breaking into the cavities
of the shore produces a loud sound like the discharge
of artillery ; the noise generally precedes a change of
weather, and not unfrequently occurs on the approach
of a storm. A columnar cliff, called by the country
people the Devil's Castle, stands to the north of Lick
Castle, in the mouth of the Shannon, and is inaccessible
e.vcept to the sea-fowl. The whole shore hereabouts
presents a succession of romantic caverns, extending
from Ballybunnian to Kilconly Point. But the great
natural curiosities of this county are those of Killarney
and its vicinity, described in the account of that place;
besides which may be enumerated the transposed lime-
stone and sandstone rocks, and the Fairy Hock covered
with impressions of feet, both near Kilgarvan ; Lough
Quintan, with its floating islands, in the parish of
Tuosist ; and the caves and subterranean stream in the
parish of Ratass. Kerry gives the inferior titles of
Baron and Earl to the Marquess of Lansdowne, who
also enjoys the titles of Viscount Clanmaurice and
Baron of Lixnaw and Dunkerron, in the peerage of
Ireland, all derived from districts in this county.
KESH, a village, in the parish of Magheracul-
MO.NEY, union of Lowtherstown, barony of Lurg,
county of Fermanagh, and province of Ulster, 12
miles (N. by \V.) from Enniskillen, and 93 miles (N. W.
by N.) from Dublin, on the road from Enniskillen to
Donegal ; containing 54 houses, and 24S inhabitants.
It has a sub-post office ; is a constabulary police station ;
and has fairs on Jan. 2Sth, March 'ZSth, June 1st, July
■JSth, Sept. 2Sth, and Nov. 'ilst.
KID ISLAND, in the parish of Kilmore, union of
Ballina, barony of Erris, county of Mayo, and pro-
vince of Connaught. It lies at the entrance of Broad-
haven, and comprises 2,5^ statute acres : the highest
point is 311 feet above the level of the sea.
KILACONENAGH, a parish, in the union of Ban-
try, barony of Bere, county of Cork, and province of
MuNSTER ; Containing, with the post-town of Castle-
town-Bearhaven, 7085 inhabitants. The parish com-
prises 19,295 statute acres. It is very uneven, being
principally composed of mountains of slate, the highest
of which is Miskush, which has an elevation of 1214
feet : a few of these mountains furnish herbage for
cattle, but the greater part are barren. Some of the
low lands are moderately well cultivated with the spade,
and round Castletown the land is fertile, being chiefly
manured with sea-weed and sand. The living is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Ross, episcopally united to
the rectories and vicarages of Kilnamanagh and Kilca-
teerin, in 1*95, the whole forming the union called
Bearhaven, in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory
is impropriate in Lord Riversdale. The tithe rent-
charge of the parish is £288. 15., of which £150 are
payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
vicar ; the entire tithe of the benefice of the incumbent
is £363. 15. The church is a small neat edifice with a
low square tower, built in 1812, by aid of a loan of
16
K I L— B A
£500 from the Board of First Fruits, and recently
rebuilt at a cost of £759. 15., towards which the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners contributed £609- The glebe-
house was erected by aid of a gift of £250 and a loan
of £550 from the same Board, in 1820; the glebe of
Kilaconenagh comprises 30 statute acres, and the glebe
of the whole union 63 acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisions this parish is in the diocese of Kerry, and,
with Kilnamanagh, forms the district of Castletown,
where is a large chapel ; there is also one on Bere
Island. In Castletown are some ruins of Castle Dher-
mod, built by Dhermod M'^Carthy ; and at Dunboy
stand the remains of Dunboy Castle, formerly belonging
to the O'Sullivans ; for the remarkable defence of which,
see the article Castletown-Bearhayen.
KILACONNIGAN.— See Killoghconnoghan.
KILBAHA, a village, in the parish of Kilbally-
HONE, union of Kilrush, barony of Moyarta, county
of Clare, and province of Munster, 155 miles (W.
by S.) from Kilrush, and on the northern shore of the
estuary of the Shannon ; containing 87 houses, and
531 inhabitants. It is situated on the small bay of the
same name, which is the first on entering the Shannon,
and forms an asylum harbour for fishing-vessels and
other small craft coming in from Loop Head. The
pier, constructed by the late Fishery Board, affords
accommodation for landing sea-manure, of which a con-
siderable quantity is used in the neighbourhood ; and
has proved of great benefit to the farmers. Turf of a
superior quality is cut in the vicinity, and sent hence to
Limerick ; and the fisheries afford exclusive employ-
ment to upwards of 100 persons.
KILBALIVER. — See Ballivor and Killoghcon-
noghan.
KILBALLYHONE, or Kilballyowen, a parish,
in the union of Kilrush, barony of Moyarta, county
of Clare, and province of Munster, 13 miles (S. W.)
from Kilrush, and on the western coast ; containing
4346 inhabitants, of whom 188 are in the village. This
parish is situated at the south-western extremity of the
county, and, being bounded on one side by the Atlantic
Ocean and on the other by the river Shannon, forms a
peninsula, which terminates in the promontory called
Cape Lean or Loop Head. It also comprises the head-
lands of Dunmore and Kilclogher, and the harbour of
Kilbaha on the Shannon ; and its north-western shore
constitutes part of the Malbay coast, on which nume-
rous shipwrecks have occurred. The peninsula is ex-
posed to the whole ocean swell, which here sets in with
great violence in west or southerly winds, particularly
when accompanied by the "rollers," a periodical visit-
ation. Loop Head is situated at the mouth of the
Shannon, in lat. 52° 33' 13", and long. 9° 54': on its
summit is a lighthouse, the lantern of which is 269 feet
above the sea at high water, and exhibits a brilliant
fixed light from 15 lamps. The parish comprises 10,835
statute acres ; the land is chiefly in tillage, but there is
a considerable portion of coarse pasture, with some
patches of bog. Sea-weed and sand are extensively
used for manure, and the state of agriculture is gradu-
ally improving. Samphire of superior quality is found
on the cliffs at Clehansevan. Kilballyhone is in the
diocese of Killaloe : the rectory is partly impropriate in
the representative of Lord Castlecoote, and the remain-
der forms part of the corps of the prebend of Tom-
K I L-B A
graney in the cathedral of Killaloe ; the vicarage is part
of the uniun of Kilrush. The tithe rent-charge is
£200. 15. 6., of which £51. 18. 6. are payable to the
lessees of the impropriator, £6^1. 6. to the prebendary,
and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Donaha,
or Cross, which also comprises the parish of Moyarta
and contains three chapels, situated respectively at
Cross, Donaha, and Carrigaholt. The ruins of the old
church still remain, in the burial-ground ; and at Ross
are those of another, but much smaller : of the ancient
castle of Clehansevan, which was blown down by a vio-
lent storm in 1802, some vestiges still exist; and at
Fodera hill are the remains of a signal-tower. The
puffing holes of Clehansevan are considered a great
natural curiosity, and in a certain state of the wind and
tide spout water to a considerable height. At such
times, the sea is strongly impelled into the horizontal
fissures of the cliff; and the air forced inwards by the
weight of water, suddenly reacting on the spent force of
the waves, repels them with a sound resembling the
discharge of heavy artillery. The natural bridges at
Ross are formed by the action of the tide on the loose
earth among the rocks. At Fierd is a chalybeate
spring ; and manganese, adapted for making bleaching
liquid, is also said to exist there.
KILBANE, a village, in the parish of Killoken-
NEDY, union of Ennis, barony of Lower Tulla, county
of Clare, and province of Munster; containing 370
inhabitants.
KILBANNON.— See Kilbennan.
KILBARRACK, a parish, in the union of North
Dublin, barony of Coolock, county of Dublin, and
province of Leinster, 5^ miles (N. E.) from Dublin, on
the road to Howth ; containing 199 inhabitants. It
comprises 740 statute acres, and the Grand Northern
Trunk railway from the metropolis to Drogheda passes
through the parish. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Dublin, forming part of the ecclesiastical union of
Howth ; the rectory is appropriate to the prebend of
Howth in St. Patrick's cathedral, Dublin, and the tithes
are included in the return for that parish. In the Roman
Catholic divisions Kilbarrack forms part of the district
of Baldoyle and Howth. On the road to Howth are the
ruins of the chapel of Mone, commonly called the Abbey
of Kilbarrack, which formerly belonged to St. Mary's
Abbey, Dublin : it is said to be of great antiquity, and
to have been built on the strand near the great sand-
bank called the North Bull, fur the assistance of ship-
wrecked mariners ; the ancient cemetery, although un-
fenced and overgrown with weeds, is still occasionally
used.
KILBARRON, a parish, in the union of Bally-
shannon, barony of Tyrhugh, county of Donegal,
and province of Ulster, on the road from Donegal to
Enniskillen ; containing, with the greater part of the
sea-port, market, and post town of Ballyshannon, 10, 02*
inhabitants. St. Columb founded a church here, of
which Barrind was bishop about 590. The parish com-
prises '23,93'2| statute acres, of which 915^: are water:
half of the soil is arable ; the remainder is meadow,
pasture, and mountain laud, and there is a sufficient
extent of bog. In addition to the usual crops, great
quantities of carrots and onions are raised in the open
fields. The Abbey river, which flows into Abbey bay.
Vol. 11.-17
K I L— B A
in Ballyshannon harbour, contains eels, trout, and salmon;
and off the coast most kinds of sea-fish are abundant,
but are preyed upon by a kind of small shark, or dog-
fish. During spring and summer here are many seals ;
the coast is frequently visited by large whales, and great
numbers of skate and thornback are taken with the long
line. Sandstone and whinstone are found at Kildoney,
and a kind of stone coal appears in the cliff overhanging
the sea ; the seam is about 7 inches thick, and dips
towards the land. In boring for coal, emery has been
discovered about 12 feet below the surface. Colonel
Conolly has greatly benefited this part of the county, in
which he is one of the largest proprietors, having for
many years expended at least £1000 per annum in
agricultural implements, flax-seed, dispensaries, schools,
and roads ; in addition to which, he has laid out large
sums on Ballyshannon harbour.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe,
and in the gift of Colonel Conolly, in whom the rectory
is impropriate. Of the 44 townlands comprised within
the parish, only four pay full tithe, three are subject to
a small modus, and the remainder are tithe-free : the
tithe rent-charge is £33. 15., of which £19- 10. are pay-
able to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar.
The church was originally erected in 1745, on an emi-
nence near the town, and is the principal landmark for
vessels entering the harbour ; it has been rebuilt at a
cost of £3405, of which £500 were from private sources,
and the remainder from the funds of the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners; it accommodates 1200 persons. The
glebe-house was built in 1809, by aid of a gift of £100,
and a loan of £675, from the Board of First Fruits : the
glebe comprises 315 acres. The Roman Catholic parish
is co-extensive with that of the Established Church : the
principal chapel, in Ballyshannon, is a large neat build-
ing, erected in 1*95 ; another at Castleard was erected
in 1832, and has a burial-ground. There are also places
of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the
General Assembly, and for 'U^esleyau and Primitive
Methodists. Near the glebe-house, on a stupendous
rock rising almost perpendicularly out of the sea, are
the ruins of the castle of Kilbarron, which is supposed
to have been inhabited by freebooters. 'U'ithin the
parish are fourteen Danish raths ; and in the harbour
of Ballyshannon, at the mouth of the Erne, was formerly
an island, called Inis-Samer, where, according to the
Munster Annals, was a religious house, in which Fla-
herty O'Maoldora, King of Conall, orTyrconnell, having
renounced the world, died in 1197- There is a chaly-
beate spring in the parish. — See Ballyshannon.
KILBARRON, a parish, in the union of Nenagh,
partly in the barony of Leitrim, county of Galway,
and province of Connaught, but chiefly in the barony
of Lower Ormonde, county of Tipi'ERAry, and pro-
vince of Munster, 5 miles (W.) from Burris-o'-kanc,
on the road from Killaloe to Portumna ; containing
2853 inhabitants. It comprises 11,344 statute acres:
the land is of a light limestone quality, and chiefly under
tillage; about 150 acres are called the Commons of
Kearney, and 814| acres are in the island of lUauumore,
in the river Shannon, being that part of the parish which
is in the county of Galsvay. Coarse limestone and a
kind of red and white marble are found, and lead was
formerly obtained. Here is a constabulary police force,
for whom a barrack was lately built. Among the chief
K I L— B A
seats is Castletown, a handsome castellated building on
an eminence near the Shannon, commanding beautiful
views of Lough Derg and the mountain scenery of Clare
and Galway. The hving is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Killaloe, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rec-
tory is impropriate in Captain Ralph Smith. The tithe
rent-charge is £'270, of which £180 are payable to the
impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. The
church is a neat building, for the erection of which the
late Board of First Fruits gave £1000 in IS^S. The
glebe-house was built in 1831, by a gift of £'260, and a
loan of £400, from the same Board ; the glebe consists
of 12 statute acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions
this parish is the head of a district, comprising also
Terryglass and Finoe, and containing two chapels. In
the churchyard is a parochial school in connexion with
the Church Education Society. Here are the ruins of
an ancient church ; also of four castles, called Cushlawn-
Thullahawn, Cushlawn-Thigge-Burht, Annah, and Bally-
collaton.
KILBARRY, a parish, in the ancient county of the
city of Waterford, union of Waterford, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 1 mile (S.) from Waterford, on the
road to Tramore ; containing 60.5 inhabitants. A pre-
ceptory of Knights Templars was founded here in the
12th century, on the dissolution of which order it was
given to the Knights Hospitallers. The ruins shew that
it consisted of a dwelling-house connected with a chapel.
On the opposite side of the marsh near which they stand
is a very fine cromlech. The parish contains 2631 sta-
tute acres, part of which is arable, and the rest a marsh,
which, being under water the greater part of the year,
renders the vicinity extremely unhealthy ; it is, however,
proposed to cut a canal, for the double purpose of
draining it and facilitating the conveyance of agricul-
tural produce and manure. The living is an impropriate
cure, in the diocese of Waterford, and in the gift of G.
L. Fox, Esq., in whom the rectory is impropriate : the
tithe rent-charge is £116. .5., payable to the impro-
priator, who allows £5 to the curate of St. Patrick's,
Waterford, for the performance of the clerical duties.
KILBARRYMEADEN, a parish, in the southern
part of the barony of Upperthird, union and county
of Waterford, and province of Munster, 4 miles
(S. E.) from Kilmacthomas ; containing 3360 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 6264 statute acres : the surface is
generally naked and uncultivated, and includes about
300 acres of bog; but the mineral productions are valu-
able, the Irish Mining Company raising a large quantity
of superior copper-ore ; and lead-ore was formerly ob-
tained from the strand at Kilmurrin. Several neat
houses have been built for the miners. Dunbratten is
supposed to have been the spot first occupied by the
Anglo-Norman invaders, under Raymond le Gros, who
here repulsed with great slaughter the Danes of Water-
ford and the inhabitants of the surrounding country,
who had attacked his intrenchments, part of which still
exist. There is a small fishing-station at Dunbratten,
with about 2."> boats. Much limestone is imported from
Dungarvan, and the erection of a pier would be a great
benefit. The principal seats are Gardenmorris and
Georges-town. The parish is in the diocese of Lismore :
the rectory is united to part of the rectories of Kilburn
and Kilmeaden, together forming the corps of the pre-
centorship in the cathedral of Waterford, in the patron-
18
K 1 L-B E
age of the Bishop ; the vicarage forms a separate benefice,
in the gift of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £225, of which £150 are payable to the pre-
centor, and £75 to the vicar ; the entire revenue of the
precentorship, before the passing of the Rent-charge act,
was £345. 17. 3. There is now no church in the parish.
The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of
the Established Church, and has a chapel. About 180
children are educated in two public schools, which are
held in a house built by Lady Osborne, who also contri-
butes towards their support ; and a third school is under
the Church Education Society. Here is a well dedicated
to St. Baramedan, who founded the church ; and at
Kilmurren was a church founded by his sister, Murina,
of which the ruins are still visible. Near Dunbratten is
an image of St. Baramedan, rudely carved out of a rock,
and much resorted to by the peasantry.
KILBEACON, a parish, in the union of Water-
ford, barony of Knocktopher, county of Kilkenny,
and province of Leinster, 8 miles (S. by E.) from
Knocktopher, on the road from Kilkenny to Waterford ;
containing 1362 inhabitants, and 3402| statute acres.
It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, united to the
vicarages of Rosinan and Killahy, and in the patronage
of the Bishop ; the rectory is appropriate to the vicars-
choral of the cathedral of St. Canice, Kilkenny. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £85. 10., of which £57
are payable to the vicars-choral, and the remainder to
the vicar : there is a glebe of 16 acres attached to the
vicarage, and one of 19 acres belonging to the vicars-
choral J but no glebe-house. The church was built in
1826, by aid of a gift of £600 from the Board of First
Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish
forms part of the district of Mulliuarat. At Earlsrath
was a large fort, encompassed by a fosse and a bank
about 20 feet high.
KILBEACONTY, or Kilveconty, a parish, in the
union of Gort, barony of Kiltartan, county of Gal-
way, and province of Connaught, 2^ miles (N. N. E.)
from Gort, on the road from that place to Portumna ;
containing 4575 inhabitants. This parish comprises
12,473f statute acres, and contains good lime and build-
ing stone : agriculture has been much improved by
draining, and reclaiming the mountain. The seats are
Russan, Lysbrian, Rendifin, Ballyturin, and Cloon.
Kilbeaconty is in the diocese of Kilmacduagh ; the rec-
tory is partly appropriate to the archdeaconry, and
partly, with the vicarage, forms a portion of the union
and corps of the deanery of Kilmacduagh. The tithe
rent-charge is £146. 5., of which £15 are payable to the
archdeacon, and the remainder to the dean. The Roman
Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church, and has a good chapel, built in 1837.
A national school was built in 1836, on the estate of
J. O'Hara, Esq.
KILBEAGH, a parish, in the union of Swinfohd,
barony of Costello, county of Mayo, and province of
Connaught, 4 miles (W. by N.) from Ballaghadireen,
on the road from that place to Swinford ; containing
9963 inhabitants. It contains 33,824| statute acres :
very large tracts are bog and mountain ; the soil is
poor, and not well cultivated. There is plenty of lime-
stone, and some freestone. Tlie gentlemen's seats are
Clonmore, Palmfield, and Carra Castle. Here are large
warehouses for iron, timber, &c. ; the parish is a con-
K I L— n E
K I L— B E
stabulary police station, and a manorial court is held
monthly at Carra Castle. The parish is in the diocese
of Achonry ; the rectory is impropriate in Visconnt
Dillon, and the vicarage forms part of the union of Kil-
conduff. The tithe rent-charge is £127. 18-. and is
equally divided between the impropriator and the vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms the
districts of Kilbcagh and Carra Castle, iu each of which
is a chapel. Here are the ruins of an old church, in a
burial-ground that is still used.
KILUEG, or Kilmainhamiieg, a parish, in the
union of Kells, barony of Lower Kells, county of
Meath, and province of Licinster, 4 miles (N.byE.)
from Kells, on the road to Nobber ; containing 2036
inhabitants. This parish takes its name from a com-
mandery of Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, founded
by Walter de Lacy in the reign of Richard L, which was
a cell to that of Kilmainham, near Dublin, but of which
no vestige can be traced. The area is 51S4| statute
acres. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath,
and forms part of the union of Newtown ; the tithe
rent-charge is £135 ; and the church of the union is in
this parish. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilbeg
forms part of the district of Stahalniock, and contains a
chapel. A school at Carlanstown is aided by Sir H.
Meredyth, Bart., who gave a house and an acre of land
to the master.
KILBEGGAN, a market and post town, a parish,
and formerly a parliamentary borough, in the union of
TuLLAMORE, barony of Moycashel, county of West-
Meath, and province of Leinster, 15 miles (E. by S.)
from Athloue, and 44^ miles (W.) from Dublin ; on the
river Brosna and the road from Dublin to Athlone ;
containing 41S6 inhabitants, of whom 1910 are in the
town. A monastery was founded here by St. Becan,
son of Murchade, a contemporary of St. Columb, about
the year 600. In 972, a sanguinary battle was fought
between the Irish and Danes, at a ford on the river,
near the present bridge, since called Aghnaccan, or the
" Ford of Heads," from the numbers of the slain that
floated down the river. In 1200, the monastery, which
bad fallen into decay, was rebuilt by the family of
Dalton, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin ; and some
Cistercian monks, from the abbey of Mellifont, were
placed in it. After its dissolution, the house and its
possessions, which were very extensive, were granted to
the Lambart family, of whom Sir Oliver, afterwards
Lord Lambart, in 1 606, obtained for the town the grant
of a weekly market and an annual fair. In I6l2, James I.
gave the inhabitants a charter ; and in 1620, Charles,
son of Oliver, Lord Lambart, procured a grant of two
additional fairs. During the disturbances of 179S, a
party of insurgents was defeated near the town, after an
obstinate engagement, by Colonel Blake, at the head of
his regiment of Northumberland militia.
The TOWN contains 372 houses, of which nearly one-
half are neatly built and slated. It is improving ; and
a branch from the Grand Canal, which was recently cut
to it, holds out prospects of the increase of its trade.
There are a large distillery, a brewery, and two mills
for flour and oatmeal, one of them extensive ; also a
manufactory for tobacco and snuff. The market is on
Saturday, and is a considerable mart for butter : fairs
for live stock are held on March 25th, June I6th, Aug.
15th, and Oct. 28th. The market-house is a neat plain
19
building of limestone, erected by Gustavus Lambart,
Esq., and contains also accommodation tor holding the
public courts. The corporation consisted, until its dis-
solution in 1840, of a portreeve (who was a justice of
the peace), 12 free burgesses, and an indefinite number
of freemen, with a recorder, town-clerk, two serjcants-
at-mace, and other olTicers. The freedom was obtained
by favour of the portreeve and burgesses. The borough
returned two members to the Irish parliament till the
Union, when it was disfranchised, and the £15,000
awarded as compensation were paid to Gustavus Lam-
bart, Esq. A borough court of record, for the recovery
of debts not exceeding five marks, used to be held ;
also a court of petty-sessions every Saturday, in which
the portreeve occasionally presided, with the county
magistrates. A chief constabulary police force is sta-
tioned in the town.
The parish comprises 6085|- statute acres ; the land
is generally of good quality, and the system of agricul-
ture greatly improved : a considerable extent of ex-
hausted bog has been reclaimed, affording excellent
pasture, and a small quantity still remains for fuel ;
there is no waste land. The principal seats are Bel-
mont, Meldrum, Correigh, and Coola. The living is a
perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Meath, and in the
patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in
the representative of the late Sir W. Lambart Cromie,
Bart. The tithe rent-charge is £190. 11., wholly pay-
able to the impropriator. The church, built in 1764,
was enlarged, and a square tower added to it, in 1818,
the late Board of First Fruits granting a loan of £200,
and the Commissioners of the Loan Fund £400. The
glebe-house, for the erection of which the late Board
gave £100, was built in ISOO; the glebe comprises 21^
acres, subject to a rent of £20 per annum. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is united with that
of Rahue ; the chapel is a handsome edifice, and there
are a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists, a paro-
chial school, and a dispensary. Here are numerous
mineral springs, but none of them are used medicinally.
The remains of the ancient monastery are very incon-
siderable. John Henry North, an eminent barrister,
was a native of this place.
KILBEGNET, a parish, in the poor-law union of
Roscommon, barony of Ballvmoe, county of Galway,
and province of Connaught, 6 miles (\V. by .S.) from
Roscommon, and on the road from that place to Dun-
more ; containing 5036 inhabitants, and 10,86*1 statute
acres. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, form-
ing part of the union of Athleague ; the rectory is im-
propriate in Thomas Corr, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge
is £103. 17., which is equally divided between the impro-
priator and the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions
this parish is united with Douamon, and has a chapel
at Crosswell. Here is a public school, principally sup-
ported by Mr. Dowell.
KILBEHENNY, or Kilbenny, a parish, in the
union of Tipperary, barony of Costlea, county of
Limerick, and province of Munster, 4 miles (E. N.
E.) from Mitchelstown, on the road from that place to
Limerick; containing 4291 inhabitants. It comprises
15,376 statute acres, having much light land and a
well-planted glen extending among the bills to the
Galtee mountains, the highest of which, called Galtee
More, separates this parish from Galbally. The Earl ot
K I L— B E
Kingston's beautiful seat, the Mountain Lodge, with its
extensive demesne, is in Kilbehenny ; as is also Lord
Massey's lodge, with its fine woods and grounds. The
parish is in the diocese of Emiy : the rectory forms
part of the union of Duntrileague, and of the corps of
the prebend of Killenellick in the cathedral of Emly ;
the tithe rent-charge is £300. The church has been lately
rebuilt, at an expense of £634. In the Roman Catholic
divisions, -with the exception of a small part included
in the district of Mitchelstown, Kilbehenny forms a
separate district, in which are two chapels.
KILBELFAD, a parish, in the union of Ballina,
barony of Tyra-wley, county of Mayo, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, 4 miles (S. S. W.) from Ballina, and on
the river Moy : containing 3681 inhabitants. This
parish is bounded on the west by Lough Conn, in
which is the island of Glass, the burial-place of Bishop
Bale Fadh, who took refuge there during a period of
persecution, and from whom the parish is supposed to
have derived its name. Kilbelfad comprises 13,5 15:J
statute acres, whereof 6416 are under water. The soil
is tolerably fertile, and the system of agriculture much
improved : there is abundance of good bog, and the
parish contains quarries of limestone and granite ; also
considerable quantities of marl, and of clay for making
bricks. A fair is held on Whit-Tuesday, and petty-
sessions occasionally. The island of Annagh, in Lough
Conn, comprises 45 acres of arable land and two acres
of bog. The parish is in the diocese of Killala ; the
rectory is appropriate to the vicars-choral of the ca-
thedral of Christ Church, Dublin, and the vicarage
forms part of the union of Ardagh : the tithe rent-
charge is £135. 5., which is equally divided between
the appropriators and the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Backs,
in Ballynahaglish ; there are two chapels, one at Knock-
more and one at Gallows Hill, but service is only per-
formed in one. Here are numerous encampments, gene-
rally called forts ; and the remains of the old castles
of Deel and Cloghan, built by the Bourkes ; and of
Castle Kelly.
KILBENNAN, or Kilbannon, a parish, in the
union of Tuam, barony of Dun.more, county of Gal-
way, and province of Connaught, '■Ji miles (N. N. W.)
from Tuam, on the road to Hollymount ; containing
2844 inhabitants, and comprising "656 statute acres.
A religious house was anciently established here, of
which no other record exists but that it was granted,
after the Dissolution, to the burgesses of Athenry ; it
would appear to have been of great antiquity, as there
is still remaining a portion, 50 feet high, of one of those
round towers found generally near the site of the earliest
religious establishments. The parish is in the diocese
of Tuam ; the rectory is appropriate to the vicars-choral
of the cathedral of Tuam, and the vicarage forms part
of the ecclesiastical union of Tuam : the tithe rent-
charge is £79. V2., which is equally divided between the
vicars-choral and the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Kilbennan forms part of the district of Kil-
conly ; the chapel is a small thatched building.
KILBERRY, a parish, in the union of Athy, barony
of Xarkagh and Rheban West, county of Kildare,
and province of Leixster, 2i miles (X. \v.) from Athy,
and on the nver Barrow ; containing 177 1 inhabitants.
It comprises 10,539^ statute acres; about two-thirds
20
K I L— B I
are arable and pasture land, and one-third bog. The
seats are Barrowford, Bellview, Salisbury, Geraldine, and
Bert House, a residence of Lord Downes. The living
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, and in the gift
of the Vicars- Choral of St. Patrick's Cathedral ; the
rectory till lately formed part of the corps of the deanery
of St. Patrick's. The tithe rent-charge is £270, of
which two-thirds were payable to the dean. The church
was opened for divine service in 1833 ; it was built at
a cost of £1200, of which £900 were a grant from the
Board of First Fruits. There is a glebe of two acres,
but no glebe-house. In the Roman Catholic divisions
this parish forms part of the district of Athy. About
100 children are educated in a national school, and
about 150 in two private schools. Here are the ruins
of two churches ; also the well of Tobberara, which is
dedicated to St. John.
KILBERRY, a parish, in the union of Navan,
barony of Morgallion, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4 miles (N.) from Navan, on the
road from that place to Kingscourt ; containing 2023
inhabitants, of whom 128 are in the village. It com-
prises 4818^ statute acres of land of good quality;
about two-thirds are meadow or pasture, and about 100
acres bog. The parish is intersected by the Yellow
River, on which is a corn-mill. It is a rectory, in the
diocese of Meath, and forms part of the union of
Donaghpatrick : the tithe-rent charge is £231. 5., and
there is a glebe of six acres, valued at £18. 9. 2. per
annum. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilberry is
the head of a district, comprising also Donaghpatrick
and Teltown, and containing two chapels, situated at
Kilberry and Oristown. There are two national schools,
and a school to which Colonel Everard gives a house
and garden rent-free, and C. Smyth, Esq., subscribes
£10 annually. A chantry of two priests was formerly
attached to the church of St. Mary, in this parish.
KILBIXY, a parish, in the union of Mulungar,
barony of Moygoish, county of Westmeath, and pro-
vince of Leinster ; containing, with the market and
post town of Ballinacargy, 2246 inhabitants. The castle
of Kilbixy is said to have been built by Hugh de Lacy,
in 1192, and was subsequently the seat of Geoffry de
Constantine, who founded at Tristernagh a priory of
Canons Regular, sometimes called the priory of Kilbixy,
and richly endowed it. The last prior was Edmund
Nugent, Bishop of Kildare, who held it with his bishop-
ric ; and a pension of £26. 13. 4. was granted to him
on its surrender. In 1590 a lease of it was granted to
Captain W. Piers, at a rent of £60, and the lands are
still held by his descendants. It was finally destroyed
in 1783. The town arose under the protection of the
castle, and in the reign of Henry VI. was one of the
borough towns of Meath. Sir Henry Piers, in his
chorographical description of the county, states, that in
1782, part of the burgage castle, with 40 acres called
the burgage land, existed, besides the ruins of many
ancient houses and castles. The place had once an
hospital, called the Leper-house of St. Bridgid, of which
there are still some ruins. In the reign of Elizabeth,
O'Dogherty of Connaught encamped in the abbey de-
mesne with about 600 followers, and being attacked
by the queen's forces and refused admission into the
abbey, was slain with all his party. The parish con-
tains 6493^ statute acres, and is richly embellished with
K I L-B O
K I L— n R
plantations that extend to Lough Iron, which is one of
its boundaries, and is a mile in length by half a mile in
breadth, but very shallow. The land is arable and
pasture, with a small quantity of bog : there is some
limestone. The principal seats are, Baronstown, which
was built by the Rt. Hon. Anthony Malone ; Trister-
nagh ; Rath ; Cummerstown ; and Carrickbawn. The
living is a curacy, in the diocese of Meath, and in the
patronage of Sir J. B. Piers, Bart., in whom the rectory
is impropriate : the tithe rent-charge is £8'2. 10. The
church is a handsome building, erected iu 1*98, at a
cost of £10,000, of which £900 were a gift from the
Board of First Fruits ; the remainder was given by the
late Lord Sunderlin, who also gave the organ. There
is a glebe-house, for the erection of which the Board of
First Fruits, in 18l6, granted £450 as a gift and £50 as
a loau ; the glebe comprises '20 acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this parish is united with that of
Templeoran, and is also called Sonna ; there are two
chapels in the union, of which that of Kilbixy is in
Ballinacargy. At Rath is a loan fund j also a society
for spinning yarn, supported by subscriptions. Ed-
mund Malone, the celebrated commentator on Shaks-
peare, is interred here, and the Malone family have a
handsome mausoleum near the church. At Temple-
Cross are the ruins of an ancient chapel. — See Balli-
nacargy.
KILBOLANE, a parish, in the union of Kanturk,
partly in the barony of Upper Connello, county of
Limerick, but chiefly in the barony of Orrery and
KiLMORE, county of Cork, and province of Munster,
5^ miles (S. W. byW.) from Charleville, on the road to
Rathkeale ; containing 4155 inhabitants. It comprises
10,015 statute acres. The land is of good quality, and
inosfly in pasture ; the portion in tillage yields excellent
crops of grain and potatoes. There are about 26 acres
of woodland, and 100 acres of bog, forming part of the
" Red Bog," which extends into the adjoining parishes.
The chief seats are Gibbins Grove, Kilbolane House, and
Curryglass House ; and the villages of Millford and Col-
tycormick are in this parish. It is an impropriate cure,
in the diocese of Cloyne, united by act of council to the
rectory of Knocktemple, the two constituting the union
of Knocktemple, in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
rectory of Kilbolane is impropriate in the Earl of Cork,
and the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £412. 10., is
entirely payable to his lessee, who allows £6. 3. for dis-
charging the clerical duties. A neat church, with a
square tower, was erected iu 1834, at a cost of £300.
There is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district
of Millford, or Freemount : the chapel at Millford is a
commodious modern building ; there is another chapel
at Kilbolane. The castle of Kilbolane, which was de-
stroyed by Cromwell, was of a square form, with a cir-
cular tower at each angle ; the rains are very insignifi-
cant. On removing the remains of the ancient church,
the tomb of the Synan family, bearing the date 1446,
was transferred to the new edifice.
KILBONANE, a parish, in the union of Bandon,
barony of East MusKERRY, county of Cork, and pro-
vince of Munster, 3 miles (S. E.) from Cookstown ; on
the river West Bride, and on the roads from Cork to
Macroom and from Mallow to Bandon ; containing 1725
inhabitants. It comprises 4" 10 statute acres : about
21
three-fourths are arable and pasture land, some of which
is extremely good ; the waste consists chiefly of ex-
hausted bog and some elevated heathy ground in the
south. The state of agriculture is unimproved. At
Aherlow are extensive and valuable quarries of lime-
stone, which supply the greater part of the vale of
Bandon and the interior of the country on both sides
for agricultural purposes and for building and orna-
mental architecture, and from which was taken stone
for the ornamental part of the new court-house of Cork.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, and in
the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate
in the family of Rye, of Rye Court. The tithe rent-
charge is £307. 10., ofwhich £151.7. are payable to the
impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. The
church, a neat small edifice, was erected iu 1834, by
subscription. There is no glebe-house ; the glebe con-
sists of 9 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Kilmurry. The
parochial school is supported by the vicar and other sub-
scribers. There are some remains of the old church ;
and at Cloghduff, in the western part of the parish,
great quantities of human bones have been often found,
but whether it is some ancient burial-place, or the scene
of some long-forgotten battle, is not known.
KILBONANE, a parish, in the union of Killarney,
barony of Magonihy, county of Kerry, and province
of Munster, 3i miles (S. S. li.) from Milltown, on the
road to Killarney ; containing 3666 inhabitants. It is
bounded on the south by the river Laune, and com-
prises S66S statute acres, the greater part ofwhich is iu
tillage ; the soil consists chiefly of a heavy clay, and
there is a considerable portion of bog. The state of
agriculture is gradually improving ; the limestone
quarries at Listry are extensively worked, and the pro-
duce burnt for manure. At Ballymalis are flour-mills,
worked by the Gheestan river. The parish is in the
diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe ; the rectory is impro-
priate in the Crosbie family, and the vicarage forms
part of the union of MolahifFe. The tithe rent-charge is
£276. 18., payable in equal portions to the impropriators
and the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kil-
bonane forms part of the district of Milltown; the
chapel, at Listry, is a large modern building. At Faha
is a school-house, with apartments for the master, built
in 1834 by Mrs. Raymond, at an expense of £250, tor
the education of the male children of her tenantry, for
which she allows the master £20 per annum. The ruins
of the ancient church are situated near the banks of the
Laune ; at Ballymalis are the remains of the castle of
that name.
KILBRACKEN, ofBallybracken, a parish, in the
union of Athy, barony of West Ophaly, in the county
of KiLDARE, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (S. E.)
from Monastereven, on the road to Athy ; containing
1365 inhabitants. It comprises 3057 statute acres : the
land is of average quality. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare, and in the patronage
of the Marquess of Drogheda : the tithe rent-charge is
£103. 17. About 100 children are educated in the
parochial school.
KILBRAGH, a parish, in the union of Cashel,
barony of Middlethird, county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster ; containing 362 inhabitants. It
comprises 1100 statute acres ; and is a rectory, in the
K I L— B R
diocese of Cashel, forming part of the union of Fethard :
the tithe rent-charge is £6*. 10.
KILBRAGH, Tipperary.— See Templetouhy.
KILBREEDY, or Kilbride, a parish, in the union
of Ballina, barony of Tyrawley, county of Mayo, and
province of Coxnaught, 7 "liles (N. N. W.) from Kil-
lala, and on the road from Rathlacken to Ballycastle ;
containing 1963 inhabitants. The parish comprises
4457^ statute acres ; the soil is marshy, and there is a
considerable quantity of bog. It is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Killala, and forms part of the union of Dun-
feeny ; the rectory is appropriate to the dean and pre-
centor of Killala. The tithe rent-charge is £110. 12. 6.,
half of which is equally divided between the dean and
precentor, and half is payable to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions, also, the parish is part of the
union or district of Dunfeeny. There is a chalybeate
spring. Downpatrick Head is an insulated circular cliflF,
about SO yards from the shore ; on the summit are the
remains of a building.
KILBREDY MAJOR, a parish, in the union of
KiLMALLOCK, partly in the barony of Small County,
but chiefly in that of Costlea, county of Limerick,
and province of Munster, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Kil-
mallock on the road to Tipperary; containing 1409
inhabitants. It comprises 3384 statute acres : the
land is of good quality, being on a substratum of lime-
stone ; the greater portion is arable with some valuable
meadow and pasture, and there is a small proportion of
bog. The parish is in the diocese of Limerick, and the
rectory forms part of the union of Kilmallock : the tithe
rent-charge is £168. 12. 6. There is neither church
nor glebe-house; the glebe comprises II5 acres of
profitable land. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Athnassy, or
Ballinvana. Here are several raths, some of which are
perfect.
KILBREDY MINOR, a parish, in the union of
Kilmallock, barony of Coshma, county of Limerick,
and province of Munster, 2 miles (X. W. by N.) from
Kilmallock, and on the road from that place to Charle-
ville; containing 612 inhabitants. It comprises 2110
statute acres ; the soil is very good, but only about one-
fifth of it is under tillage, the remainder being meadow
or pasture land. The living is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Limerick, and in the gift of the Bishop :
the tithe rent-charge is £97. 10. There is neither
church nor glebe-house ; the glebe consists of 12^ acres.
lu the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Effin. Near the south bank of the
Subtach are the ruins of the church.
KILBREW, a parish, in the union of Dunshaugh-
LiN, barony of Ratoath, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4 miles (X. E.) from Dunshaughlin,
and on the road from Ratoath to Drogheda ; containing
275 inhabitants. It comprises 2530^ statute acres of
land of prime quality. Kilbrew House, formerly the
property of the Gorges family, is a fine mansion, with
an extensive and richly planted demesne. The parish
is in the diocese of Meath, and the rectory forms part
of the union of Tryvett ; the tithe rent-charge is
£134. 12. 6. The church, which serves for the union,
is a neat edifice built about the middle of the last
century ; it was repaired, and a tower added, in 1822,
by a loan of £300 from the Board of First Fruits. The
22 ■
K I L-B R
glebe-house is in Tryvett, which see. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Creekstown, or Curragha.
KILBRIDE, a parish, in the barony of Upper
Antrim, union and county of Antrim, and province
of LTlster, 2^: miles (W. N. W.) from Ballyclare, and on
the road from Ballymena to Doagh ; containing 2071
inhabitants. This parish comprises 5641 statute acres.
It is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Connor,
and forms part of the union of Donegore : the tithe rent-
charge is £2*9. 17- 6. There is no church; divine
service is performed in a school-house every Sunday.
KILBRIDE, a parish, in the barony of Newcastle,
union of South Dublin, county of Dublin, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 6 miles (S. W.) from Dublin; con-
taining 63 inhabitants, and comprising 846 statute
acres. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, and
forms part of the union of Clondalkin. The church is
in ruins. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is united to Lucan, Palmerstown, and Clondalkin.
KILBRIDE, or Castlecorr, a parish, in the union
of Oldcastle, partly in the barony of Demifore,
county of Meath, and province of Leinster, but
chiefly in the barony of Clonmahon, county of Cavan,
and province of Ulster, on the road from Crossdoney
to Oldcastle ; containing, with the post-town of Mount-
Nugent, 5041 inhabitants. It comprises 9341 statute
acres, of which about three-fifths are arable : in Lough
Sheelin are 564 acres. Limestone is abundant. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Meath, the presenta-
tion to which belongs to Lord Dunsany : the tithe rent-
charge is £311. 12. The church was built in 1804, by
aid of a gift of £500 from the Board of First Fruits;
it has been lately repaired, the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners granting £157- The glebe comprises 22 acres.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part
of the district of Killeagh and Kilbride, and has a chapel
at Mount-Nugent. — See Mount-Nugent.
KILBRIDE, a parish, in the union of New Ross,
barony of Ida, county of Kilkenny, and province of
Leinster, 5^ miles (\V. by S.) from New Ross ; con-
taining 516 inhabitants, and I696 statute acres. It is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the
union of Kilcoan ; the rectory is impropriate in the
Rev. John Digby. The tithe rent-charge is £67. 10.,
which is equally divided between the vicar and the
impropriator. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilbride
forms part of the district of Slieuruagh.
KILBRIDE, a parish, in the union of Dunshaugh-
lin, barony of Dunboyne, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4^ miles (N. by E.) from Clonee, and
on the road from Dublin to Ratoath ; containing 374
inhabitants. It comprises 3096^ statute acres ; and is
a chapelry, in the diocese of Meath, forming part of the
union of Dunboyne, in which the tithes are included :
the church is in ruins. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Dunboyne and
Kilbride, and has a small chapel. On the lands of Bal-
lintra are the remains of a Danish fort.
KILBRIDE, a parish, partly in the barony of Ros-
common, but chiefly in that of South Ballintobber,
union and county of Roscommon, and province of Con-
naught, 5 miles (N.) from Roscommon, on the road
to Strokestown ; containing 8578 inhabitants. It com-
prises 19,287 statute acres : there is a large proportion
K I L— B R
K I L— B R
of bog : the other land is principally under tillage, but
the system of agriculture is unimproved. Limestone
abounds. Petty-sessions are held every alternate week
at a place called the Four-mile-House. Kilbride is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, and forms part of the
ecclesiastical union of Roscommon ; the rectory is im-
propriate in the Sandys family. The tithe rent-charge
is £'2'2.5. 13. 6., oue-half payable to the impropriator and
the other to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of KilgelTin, also
called Kilbride ; a chapel was lately erected. Some
remains yet e.vist of the alibey of Derrane ; and there arc
several raihs, one of which, on the lands of Holywell,
has a treble fosse.
KILBRIDE, a parish, in the barony of Middle-
third, union and county of Waterford, and province
of MuNSTER, 4^ miles (S. by W.) from Waterford, and
on the bay of Tramore ; containing 582 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 1 80 1 statute acres. It is a rectory,
in the diocese of Waterford, entirely appropriate to the
economy estate of the cathedral, and forms, with the
rectory of Island-Ikane, the impropriate cure of Kilbride,
which is in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Water-
ford ; the tithe rent-charge is £56. 3., and there is a
glebe of three acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Dunhill. Here
are the ruins of the old castle of Cullen.
KILBRIDE, a parish, in the union of Enniscorth y,
barony of Scarawalsb, county of Wexford, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 2| miles (s. E.) from Camolin, and
on the coast-road from Gorey to Oulart ; containing
1054 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated in the
vicinity of Ferns, was, during the disturbances of 1*98,
partly occupied by the insurgents, who encamped on
Carrigrua Hill in their progress towards Gorey. It
comprises 4473^ statute acres, of which a considerable
portion is excellent grazing-land, and the remainder
under tillage : the system of agriculture is slowly im-
proving. Quarries of good building-stone are worked,
and jasper has been found in some parts ; there is only
a scanty supply of fuel. A large quantity of butter is
made here, and sent to the markets of Gorey and Ennis-
corth}-. The chief seats are, Ballymore, a handsome
modern mansion, beautifully situated in the midst of
a richly wooded demesne; and Rockspring. The parish
is in the diocese of Ferns, and the rectory forms a part of
the union of that name : the tithe rent-charge is £390.
In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, Kilbride is part of
the union or district of Ferns : the chapel, a neat build-
ing, is at Kilcissan, or Clorogue ; and there is a place of
•worship for the Society of Friends at Ballintore. A
school in the parish is under the Church Education
Society, and another under the National Board. At
Ballymore are the ruins of an ancient church, held in
such veneration that persons dying within 40 miles of
the spot are sometimes buried there.
KILBRIDE, a parish, in the poor-law union of
Rathdrum, barony of Arklow, county of Wicklow,
and province of Leinster ; situated near Arklow, from
which it is separated by the river Ovoca ; and contain-
ing 1445 inhabitants. It hes on the coast, extends
three miles northward of Arklow, in the direction of
Wicklow, and comprises 6754 statute acres : the land
is generally in a high state of cultivation. Shelton, the
splendid seat of the Earl of Wicklow, is within the
parish, which is wholly the property of that nobleman ;
there are, besides, several good residences, viz. Wood-
mount, Seabank, Sheepwalk, Templemiehael, Kilbride,
and Ballyrichard. Near the mouth of the Ovoca is a
coast-guard station. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Glendalough, and patronage of the Arch-
bishop of Dublin. Kilbride includes the ancient parishes
of Templemiehael and Templerainey, and previously to
1S33 constituted part of the union of Arklow, from
which it was then separated by act of council ; it now
forms, together with the parish of Enorely or Eneriley,
the union of Kilbride. The vicarial tithe rent-charge is
£138. 9. 4. The church, erected in 1834 by the Earl
of Wicklow, at a cost of £900, is a handsome structure
in the later English style, with a tower. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Newbridge and Baranisky : the chapel is a neat and
spacious edifice. Upwards of 200 children are educated,
without religious distinction, in schools supported en-
tirely by the Earl and Countess of Wicklow ; and about
130 children and young persons are instructed in a
Sunday school under the superintendence of the minis-
ter. Within the parish are the ruins of three ancient
churches, those of Kilbride, Templemiehael, and Tem-
plerainey, with burial-places adjoining each. The ruins
of Kilbride church are on an eminence commanding a
fine view of the town and bridge of Arklow, a great
expanse of sea, the demesne of Shelton Abbey, and the
woods of Glenart : in the churchyard adjoining is a
mausoleum of the Howard family.
KILBRIDE, a parish, in the union of Naas, barony
of Lower Talbotstown, county of Wicklow, and
province of Leinster, 4f miles (E.) from Blessiugton,
on the road from that place to Wicklow ; containing
1256 inhabitants. This parish is in a very mountainous
district, and comprises 11,640| statute acres, of which
about 8000 are mountain land ; there is much bog, par-
ticularly at Shankliill. The land is chiefly in pasture.
The granite used in building Nelson's pillar, the Post-
office, and other edifices in Dublin, was brought from
the Golden Hill granite-quarry, here ; and there is iron-
ore in Butter mountain. The principal seats are Kip-
pure Lodge and Ballywood. The parish is in the
diocese of Dublin and Glendalough : the rectory is
partly impropriate in the representatives of the late
Colonel Allen, and partly appropriate to the dean and
chapter of St. Patrick's ; the vicarage forms part of the
union of Blessington. Tlie tithe rent-charge is £91. 6.,
of which £16. 10. are payable to the representatives,
£34. 19. to the dean and chapter, and the remainder to
the vicar. The church, for which a grant of £900 was
made by the late Board of First Fruits, was built in
1833, and is in the later English style of architecture,
with an embattled tower. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions, also, Kilbride forms part of the district of Bless-
ington, and has a neat chapel, which was enlarged in
1835. Here are two old burial-grounds, several raths,
and some large unhewn blocks of granite on the moun-
tains.
KILBRIDE, Kings county.— See Tvllamore.
KILBRIDE-GLYN, a parish, in the union of Wex-
ford, barony of Shelmalier West, county of Wex-
ford, and province of Leinster, 2| miles (X. E.) from
Taghmon, on the road from that place to Wexford ;
containing 826 inhabitants. It comprises 4110 statute
K I L— B R
K I L— B R
acres, principally in tillage ; and is in the diocese of
Ferns. The rectory was impropriate in the Colclough
family till about 17-10, when it was purchased by the
late Board of First Fruits, and annexed to the impro-
priate curacy, which forms part of the union of Killurin :
the tithe rent-charge is £77- 9. "■ In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is in the district of Glyn.
KILBRIDE-LANGAN, or Clara, a parish, in the
union of Tu llamore, barony of Kilcoursey, King's
county, and province of Leinster, on the road from Tul-
lamore to Athlone ; containing, with the post-town of
Clara, 45S1 inhabitants. This parish comprises 7617|
statute acres; more than one-half is good arable land, and
of the remainder, about 1600 acres are profitable bog. It
is a vicarage, in the diocese of ISleath, forming part of
the union of Clara, in which the church is situated ; the
rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Downshire :
the tithe rent-charge is £204. 4. 6., of which £1 14. 4. 6.
are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions, the parish
forms part of the district of Ardnorcher or Clara : a
small chapel is kept up at Lehinch, where is a school
under the patronage of the Christian Brotherhood ; there
is also a chapel in the town. The parish contains places
of worship for Baptists, and for Primitive and Wesleyan
Methodists. About 45 children are taught in the paro-
chial schools ; and there are several private schools. —
See Clara.
KILBRIDE-PILATE, or Pace-Kilbride, a parish,
in the union of Mullingar, barony of Fartullagh,
county of Westme.vth, and province of Leinster, 4^:
miles (W.) from Kinnegad, and on the road from Dublin
to Athlone ; containing 914 inhabitants, and 403l| sta-
tute acres. Here is Gaulstown Park, the splendid seat
of Lord Kilmaine, in the grounds of which was a very
large larch-tree, planted by Dean Swift ; but it was
blown down in the storm of January, 1S39, and was
sold for £'25. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of
Meath, and forms part of the union of Enniscoifey, or
Kilbridc-Pilate, in the patronage of the Bishop : the
tithe rent-charge is £75. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is included in the district of Fartullagh,
or Rochfort-Bridge, and has a chapel at Milltown.
KILBRIDE- VESTON, or Kilbride-Vasty, a pa-
rish, in the union of Mullingar, barony of Fartul-
lagh, county of Westmeath, and province of Lein-
ster, 5 miles (S.) from Mullingar, on the road from that
place to Rochfort-Bridge ; containing 645 inhabitants.
It comprises 19S0 statute acres, and is in tillage and
pasturage, with a considerable quantity of bog. The
principal seats are, Dunboden, in which demesne are the
remains of the ancient parish church ; Whitewell ; and
Kilbride Castle, where are the remains of a stronghold
of the Tyrrells. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Meath, and in the patronage of the Gifford family, in
whom the rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent-charge
is £58. 17. 6., of which £39. 5. are payable to the im-
propriators, and the remainder to the vicar ; there is
neither church nor glebe-house. In the Roman Catholic
divisions this parish forms part of the district of Far-
tullagh, or Rochfort-Bridge.
KILBRIN, a parish, in the union of Kanturk,
barony of Dihallow, county of Cork, and province of
Mlnster, 2i miles (S. by W.) from Liscarrol ; on the
river Allua, and on the new road from Liscarrol to
24
Mallow ; containing 4S55 inhabitants. It comprises
12,631 statute acres. The land considerably varies in
quality, and a large portion consists of hilly pasture.
Limestone is found in the south part of the parish, and
burnt for manure ; the state of agriculture is gradually
improving. A fair is held at Ballyheene on Oct. 2nd,
for general farming stock. Two roads have been made
through the parish within a few years, and have tended
greatly to the improvement of the district ; one from
Drumcolloher, through Liscarrol, to the mail-road near
Mallow ; and the other from Newcastle to Castle-Cor in
this parish, where it meets the former road. The chief
seats are, Castle-Cor, the ancient family mansion of the
Freeman family, situated in a richly wooded demesne,
which is particularly remarkable for its fine oaks ;
Ballygraddy ; and Marybrook. The parish is in the
diocese of Cloyne : the rectory is impropriate in the
family of Longfield, and the vicarage forms part of the
union of Liscarrol, or Kilbrin. The tithe rent-charge is
£707. 5., of which £392. 5. are payable to the impro-
priator, and the remainder to the vicar. The church,
situated at Ballygraddy, on the border of the parish, is
a plain building with a square tower surmounted by a
small spire ; it was erected in 1790, by a grant of £564
made by the late Board of First Fruits. There are no
remains of the ancient church, but its extensive burial-
ground is still used. In the Roman Catholic divisions
this parish is the head of a district, which also com-
prises the parishes of Ballyclough, Drumdowney, and
Kilmaclenan : the principal chapel, at the Cross of Kil-
brin, is a large and handsome slated building of recent
erection, with pointed windows ; there is also a chapel
at Ballyclough. A school is supported by Major Free-
man, who allows £20 per annum, and a house and
garden for the master.
KILBRINE, a parish, in the union and barony of
Boyle, county of Roscommon, and province of Con-
naught, If mile (S. S. E.) from Bojde ; containing 1114
inhabitants. It comprises 3S52 statute acres. Lough
Key is chiefly in this parish : it is about three British
miles in its greatest length, has many bays and inlets,
and abounds with islands ; but its scenery is rather
beautiful than romantic, although the Curlew mountains
rise near its western shore. On Trinity Island was an
abbey, founded in the 7th century, and refounded in
1215 for Prsemonstratensian canons : in 1466 it was ac-
cidentally burnt, but it was rebuilt, and continued till
the general dissolution ; some of its ruins still exist. A
chronological register was kept in this monastery, and
is known as the Annals of Lough Key. On Inchmac-
nerin was a monastery, supposed to be the Eas-mac-
neire founded by St. Columb ; it existed till the Re-
formation. Castle Island is almost covered by a
building called Mac Dermot's Castle, which has been
partially rebuilt by Viscount Lorton, and contains some
handsome apartments and fine old portraits : several
legends are connected with the original fortress. Church
Island contains some ruins, and Stag Island is finely
wooded. On the south side of the lake is the demesne
of Rockingham, the beautiful seat of Viscount Lorton,
who has greatly improved this parish, as well as his
other estates. The parish is in the diocese of Elphin :
the rectory is impropriate in Lord Crofton ; the vicar-
age was till lately part of the union of Kiiluken and
corps of the archdeaconry of Elphin. The tithe rent-
K I L— B R
K I L— B 11
\
charge is £'21. 15., wliich is ctiually divitled between the
impropriator and the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is included in the district of Boyle.
Lord Lorton contributes £14 per annum, and gives a
house and garden rent-free, in support of a school.
KILBRITAIN, a parish, in the union of Bandon,
East division of the barony of East Carbery, county
of Cork, and province of Munster, 6 miles (s. by E.)
from Bandon, on the road from that place to Timo-
league ; containing 1652 inhabitants. A castle was built
here in the 13th century by De Courcey, who was dis-
possessed by M'Carty Reagh ; there arc still some
remains. In 164'2 this place was taken and garrisoned
by the men of Bandon. The parish, which lies on the
eastern side of a small bay, comprises 4/51 statute acres,
two-thirds of which are under tillage ; the remainder
forms the demesne of Kilbritain House. The land is
generally very good, but indiflerently cvdtivated ; sand
brought from the shore of the bay is the principal
manure. Here is a slate-quarry ; also some extensive
flour-mills, and a fulling-mill on a small river which falls
into the bay. Many of the people are occupied in fish-
ing, and some are engaged in weaving cotton cords and
coarse cloth. Besides Kilbritain House, here are Bor-
leigh and Mill House. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Cork, forming the corps of the prebend of
Kilbritain in the cathedral of St. Finbarr, Cork, and in
the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£307. 10. The church is in ruins, but divine service is
regularly performed in the school-house at Kilshanahane.
The glebe consists of 5 acres ; there is no glebe-house.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part
of the district of Rathclarin. Parochial schools were
built by subscription in IS'29.
KILBRITAIN, a village, in the parish of Rath-
clarin, union of Bandon, East division of the barony
of East Carbery, county of Cork, and province of
Munster, 6 miles (S.) from Bandon; containing 48
houses, and 288 inhabitants. It is situated in a deep
and interesting glen, at the head of a long narrow creek
running up from Courtmacsherry bay on the southern
coast ; and is a constabulary police station. A fair is
held on Nov. 22nd, for cattle, sheep, and pigs. Here is
a Roman Catholic chapel, belonging to the district of
Rathclarin. The environs are very interesting ; the
sides of the hills are richly wooded, and there are some
remains of an ant lent castle.
KILBRODERAN, a parish, in the union of Rath-
keale, partly in the barony of Lower Connello, but
chiefly in that of Shanid, county of Limerick, and
province of Munster, 4 miles (N. W.) from Rathkeale,
on the road to Shanagolden ; containing S69 inhabit-
ants. This parish is situated on the western bank of the
river Deel, over which is a good bridge called New-
bridge, built in 1747, when the road was first con-
structed. It comprises 2901 statute acres ; about one-
half is under tillage, and the remainder principally in
large dairy-farms, but in many parts the soil is so stony
that its cultivation is much impeded. The substratum
is limestone rock, in some places rising above the sur-
face and in others scattered in large detached masses.
Newbridge is about two miles from Rathkeale, and the
same distance from Askeaton. The living is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, and in the
patronage of the Bishop ; but on the demise of the pre-
VoL. II.— 25
sent incumbent it will merge in the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners' fund. The tithe rent-charge is £165.
There is neither church nor glebe-house ; the glebe
comprises six acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, called Coolcappagh,
comprising also the parish of Kilcoleman : there is a
chapel at Coolcappagh, in this parish ; also one in the
parish of Kilcoleman. Some picturesque remains of the
church still exist, at the foot of Kilbroderan hill ; and
at Rathgonin are the ruins of the old castle of that
name.
KILBROGAN, a parish, in the union of Bandon,
barony of Kinnalmeaky, county of Cork, and pro-
vince of Munster, on the road from Cork to Bandon ;
containing, with part of the latter borough, 5404 in-
habitants. This parish, called also Knockbrogan, is
bounded on the south by the river Bandon, and com-
prises 7578 statute acres : the land is in general of good
quality ; about one-third is in pasture, principally in-
cluded in the demesne of the Earl of Bandon. At
Lauragh an extensive tract of waste has been brought
into cultivation by John Sw-anton, Esq., who lately in-
troduced the Scottish system of agriculture. Lime
brought from Aherlow, six miles distant, and sea-sand
from Colliers'-quay, are the chief manures. The pre-
vailing substratum is clay-slate ; but there are some good
quarries of freestone, which principally supplied the
stone of svhich the chief part of the new town of Bandon
is built. The scenery in many parts is pleasingly varied,
and there are several gentlemen's seats. The living is
a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, united
from time immemorial to the rectory of Aglish, together
forming the union and corps of the prebend of Kilbro-
gan in the cathedral of St. Finbarr, Cork, in the patron-
age of the Bishop: the tithe rent-charge is £487. 10.
The church is in Bandon : divine service is also per-
formed at Carhue, where a chapel of ease has been
erected. The glebe-house is beautifully situated on an
eminence surrounded by plantations, and the glebe com-
prises 32f acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Bandon : the chapel,
situated in the old churchyard, is a small plain edifice.
— See Bandon.
KILBRONEY, a parish, in the union of Mallow,
barony of Orrery and Kilmore, county of Cork, and
province of Munster, 2^ miles (N. E.) from Buttevant,
on the road to Charleville ; containing 788 inhabitants.
This parish comprises IS76 statute acres : the soil is a
fine deep loam, and the laud is mostly in pasture; the
small portion of bog is now nearly exhausted. Kil-
broney is in the diocese of Cloyne ; the rectory is im-
propriate in J. "V^'atkins, Esq., and the vicarage forms
part of the union of Buttevant : the tithe rent-charge is
£144. 9., of which two-thirds are payable to the im-
propriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions, also, the place forms part of
the union or district of Buttevant. The ruins of the
church still remain, in the burial-ground ; and at Ballin-
guile are the remains of the castle of that name, and of
an ancient mansion of the Fitzjames family.
KILBRONEY, a parish, in the union of Kilkeel,
barony of L^pper Iveagh, county of Down, and province
of Ulster, on the road from Newry to Kilkeel; con-
taining, with the town of Rosstrcvor, 4540 inhabitants.
It comprises 13,208^ statute acres, of which 275 are
K I L— C A
woodland, about 5000 arable, and the remainder bog and
mountain, the latter of which affords excellent pasture.
Here are some large bleach-greens, and some lead-mines.
The principal seats are the Lodge, Brandensburg, Car-
penham. Green Park, Amos Vale, Ballyedmund, Old
Hall, and Crayfield. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Dromore, and in the gift of the Bishop, to
whom the rectory is appropriate : the tithe rent-charge
is £116. 10., one-third payable to the vicar, and two-
thirds to the bishop. The church, which is in Ross-
trevor, is a handsome cruciform edifice, with a lofty
tower and pinnacles : it was built in 1819, at an expense
of £'2000, of which the Board of First Fruits gave £^00
and lent £1100. The Board also granted £450 as a
gift, and £120 as a loan, for the erection of the glebe-
house, in 18-21 : the glebe comprises 7f acres. The
Roman Catholic parish is co-e.\tensive with that of the
Established Church, and contains two chapels, one in
Rosstrevor, the other at Killowen. There are several
national and other schools. On the acclivity of a
mountain is a very large stone, called Cloughmerne,
which was formerly part of a cromlech ; and near Kill-
owen are the ruins of Greeu Castle : this fortress was
built by Walter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, destroyed by
the Irish in 1343, rebuilt soon after on a large scale, and
dismantled by order of Cromwell. In the parish are
also the remains of Castle Roe, or Rosstrevor Castle.
On the Hillstown road are the ruins of Kilbroney church,
in which a clogh-han, or "white bell," was some years
since discovered ; also an ancient stone cross and a
holy well. In 1834 a spacious cave was discovered,
containing broken urns filled with calcined human
bones and ashes. A chalybeate spring was formerly
much resorted to, but is now almost neglected. — See
Rosstrevor.
KILBRYAN.— See Kilbrine.
KILBURNE, a parish, in the barony of Middle-
third, union and county of Waterford, and province
of Mu.NSTER, 4 miles (S. byW.) from Waterford j con-
taining 905 inhabitants. It comprises 3515 statute
acres. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Water-
ford, and partly forms a portion of the corps of the
deanery, and partly of the precentorship, of the cathe-
dral of Waterford : the tithe rent-charge is £115. 3., of
which £90. 19. are payable to the dean, and the re-
mainder to the precentor.
KILCAR, or Kilkaragh, a parish, in the union of
Glexties, barony of Bannagh, county of Donegal,
and province of Ulster, 5 miles (W.) from Killybegs ;
containing 4969 inhabitants. St. Carthach, whose
festival is kept on the 5th of March, is supposed to have
presided over a monastery here so early as 540. The
parish comprises 18,883 statute acres, about one-sixth
of which only is arable, the remainder bog and mountain
land : agriculture is in a very backward state. Fairs
are held eight times in the year, for cattle, yarn, and
flannel. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Raphoe, and in the patrouage of the Bishop :
the tithe rent-charge is £93. 15. The church is a small
handsome building, erected in 1828, by aid of a gift of
£900 from the Board of First Fruits. The glebe-house
was built at the same time, by a gift of £100 and a loan
of £450 from the Board ; there is a glebe of 128'2 statute
acres. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with
that of the Established Church, and has a large chapel.
K I L— C A
The parochial school is endowed with a grant from Col.
Robertson's fund ; there are five other schools, and a
dispensary.
KILCARAGH, a parish, in the barony of Gualtier,
union and county of Waterford, and province of
Mcnster, 2f miles (S. E. by E.) from Waterford, and
on the river Suir ; containing 1*0 inhabitants. It com-
prises 650 statute acres ; and is a rectory, in the diocese
of Waterford, forming part of the corps of the deanery :
the tithe rent- charge is £22. 11.6.
KILCARN, a parish, in the union of Navan, barony
of Skreen, county of Meath, and province of Lein-
ster, 2 miles (S. S. E.) from Navan, and on the coach-
road from Dublin to Enniskillen ; containing 600 in-
habitants. It comprises 2337 statute acres, of which
about two-thirds are under tillage ; the soil is fertile,
and the system of agriculture improving. There are
some considerable corn and flour mills ; and the river
Boyne, upon which the parish is situated, affords facility
of conveyance. The principal seats are Kikarn House,
Kilcarn Lodge, and Upper Kilcarn. The parish is a
chapelry, in the diocese of Meath, and forms part of the
union of Skreen, or Skryne ; the rectory is impropriate
in C. Barry, Esq. The tithe rent-charge is £95. 14., the
whole payable to the impropriator. The church is in
ruins. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilcarn forms
part of the district of Athlumney : the original chapel,
an old building, has been converted into a school-house ;
and a chapel has been built adjoining the residence of
the parish priest.
KILCARRAGH, a parish, in the union of Listowel,
barony of Clanmaurice, county of Kerry, and pro-
vince of Munster, 5 miles (S. W.) from Listowel, and
on the rivers Brick and Feale ; containing 1250 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 291 1 statute acres, of which 1280^
consist of good arable land, 891 5 of coarse pasture, and
about 740 of bog. Limestone abounds, and in some
places approaches to marble ; it is generally burnt for
manure, for which purpose sea-sand brought from
Cashen ferry is also used : the state of agriculture is
gradually improving. The living is a rectory and vicar-
age, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the
patronage of William M. Hickson, Esq. ; it is held by
faculty with the vicarage of Duagh. The tithe rent-
charge is £70 ; and there is a glebe of 12i acres, subject
to a rent of about one guinea per acre. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district
of Lixnaw, u-hk-h see.
KILCASH, a parish, in the union of Carrick-on-
SuiR, barony of Iffa and Offa East, county of Tippe-
RARV, and province of Muxster, 65 miles (E. N. E.)
from Clonmel ; containing 1260 inhabitants. This pa-
rish, which comprises 3754 statute acres, is on the
southern side of Slieve na Man, and contains an ancient
seat of the Ormonde family. The living is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Lisraore, united episcopally, in 1813,
to the vicarages of Killaloan,Templethay, and Kilgrant,
and in the patronage of the Crown ; the rectory is im-
propriate in the Marquess of Ormonde. The tithe rent-
charge of the parish is £85, of which £34. 12. are pay-
able to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar ;
the entire tithe of the vicarial benefice is £200. 6. 6.
The church was erected in 1827, by a gift of £900 from
the Board of First Fruits. There is no glebe-house :
the glebe here comprises Sa. 2r. 17p., and there is also
K I L— C A
K I L— C A
one of 3rt. Ir. 30/). in Kilgrant. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Gam-
monsficld, or Kilcash, and has a chapel at Bally-
patrick.
KILCASKIN, a parish, in the unions of Bantry
and Kenmare, partly in the barony of Glaneuough,
county of Kerry, but chiefly in that of Bere, county
of Cork, and province of Munsteb, 6 miles (N. E.)
from Castletown ; containing 6780 inhabitants. This
parish, which extends for more than ten miles along the
shore of Bantry bay, comprises 51,491 statute acres.
The greater portion is wild and mountainous, and not
more than one-sixth is under cultivation ; several of the
mountains afford pasture ou their sides and summits,
but others are rocky and barren. The loftiest is Hun-
gry hill, '2160 feet above the level of the sea, and re-
markable for its singular waterfall, which, descending
from a height of nearly SCO feet and frequently broken
by ledges of projecting rock, forms a magnificent and
beautiful cascade ; the water issues from a lake near
the summit, and after its descent passes by Ardrigoole
and falls into the bay. Seven miles to the east of this
mountain is the larger Sugar Loaf, which is 1112 feet
high ; and of the other mountains in this parish, the
principal are the Knocknafouka and the Esk : along
their summits runs the boundary line between the
counties of Cork and Kerry. In this parish is also part
of the romantic and celebrated district of Glengariff,
comprising the scene of a hard-fought battle between
the English forces under Sir C. Wilmot, and the native
Iri.sh under the Prince of Bear and Bantry, the latter of
whom were defeated with great loss. [A more detailed
description of Glengariff is given in the article on Kil-
macoraogue.] The principal seats are, The Lodge, the
handsome residence of the Earl of Bantry ; Reemeen
Cottage ; and Reen Lodge. There is an extensive slate-
quarry at Roosk, close to the sea-shore. Iron and
copper ore abound in various parts of the parish, but
neither is at present worked : the iron-ore was formerly
very e.xtensively procured, and large smelting-works
were carried on at Glengariff and Ardrigoole ; of the
latter, very considerable remains exist, forming an in-
teresting feature on the banks of the river. There are
constabulary police stations at Ardrigoole and Glengariff,
and a coast-guard station also at the latter place, form-
ing part of the district of Castletown. A manorial
court is held at Ardrigoole every third Thursday, for the
recovery of debts under 40s.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Ross, the rectory till lately constituting part of the union
and corps of the archdeaconry of Ross : the tithe rent-
charge is fi'iS.S. The church is a small edifice with a
low square tower, situated at the base of the rugged
mountain of Ardrigoole; it was built in ISIO, at an
expense of £500, a gift from the late Board of First
Fruits, and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently
granted £ 190 towards its repair. There is neither glebe-
house nor glebe. In the Roman Catholic divisions this
parish is in the diocese of Kerry, and is the head of a
union or district, comprising also Bunnane ; there are
three chapels, situated respectively at Massmount near
Ardrigoole, Glengariff, and Bunnane. At Daraheen-
Dharmuda a battle was fought between O'Sullivan Bear
and O'Donovan, in which the latter was slain. The
ruins of the old church are situated in a deep recess in
27
the mountains, one mile north-east from Ardrigoole :
at Drumlav is a very perfect fort ; at Croho is a second
of much greater dimensions, and there are others in
various parts of the parish. At Leitrimbeg and Leitrim-
more are two GoUanes, or upright stones, but without
any inscription ; and several more are to be seen in the
same district. At Dcreencharrin, on a hill near the
public road to Glengariff, are prodigious piles of large
stones, heaped together in great confusion, and called
in the Irish language " Carrans."
KILCATERN, or Kilcateerin, a parish, in the
union of Ba.ntry, barony of Bere, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, 4 miles (N. N. W.) from
Castletown ; containing 6940 inhabitants. This parish
comprises 21,7*8 statute acres, of which more than
three-fourths are bog and mountain ; it rises into
mountains near the Kenmare river, and on the north-
west has a capacious bay, called Kilcateerin or Quoilah
bay. The valleys are moderately well cultivated, chiefly
by spade husbandry ; the mountains are generally hare,
but afford good summer pasture. A new road from
Castletown to the mines of Allihies has been opened in
the vicinity of the parish, and other improvements are
contemplated ; a constabulary police station has been
established. The parish is in the diocese of Ross : the
rectory is partly impropriate in Lord Riversdale, and
partly appropriate to the vicarage, which forms part of
the union of Kilacouenagh. The tithe rent-charge is
£145, of which £48. 15. are payable to the impropri-
ator, and the remainder to the vicar. Divine service is
performed at Allihies, in a house licensed by the bishop.
The Roman Catholic parish is in the diocese of Kerry,
and is co-extensive with that of the Established Church ;
the chapel is a small plain building near Quoilah bay.
Near the bay, also, are the remains of the old church ;
and not far distant is a very high erect stone, called a
Gollane or Long stone.
KILCAVAN, or Kilkevan, a parish, in the barony
of Bargy, union and county of Wexford, and province
of Leinsteb, Hi miles (S. W.) from Wexford, on the
new road to Bannow ; containing 768 inhabitants. It
is bounded on the east by St. George's Channel, and
comprises 3'204i statute acres, almost entirely under
tillage ; the system of agriculture has been greatly im-
proved within the last few years, and from the con-
venience of the situation of the parish for obtaining sea-
manure, the land is generally in a good state of cultiva-
tion. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Ferns, episcopally united, in 1806, to the vicarage of
Bannow, together forming the union of Kilcavan, in the
patronage of the Bishop T the tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £108. 10., and of the whole union of the in-
cumbent £^12. 18. 6. The church, for the repair of
which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted
£190, is a neat edifice with a square tower, erected in
1820; the late Board of First Fruits gave £600, and
lent £130, towards the expense. The same Board also
gave, in 1821, £400, and lent £330, for the erection of
the glebe-house, in Bannow ; the glebe, in four portions,
comprises 4^ acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Bannow, or Bal-
lymitty. At Granstown is a convent of Augustine friars,
representing the ancient house of Clonmines, and to
which is attached a chapel, open to the puWic ; the
establishment consists of two brethren, employed in
E2
K I L— C L
K I L— C L
preparing pupils for the college of Maynooth, and in
this seminary the late eminent Dr. Doyle received the
rudiments of his education. There is a dispensary.
KILCHRIST, a parish, in the union of Ennis,
barony of Clonderlaw, county of Clare, and province
of MuNSTER, 3 miles (N. X. E.) from Kildysart, and on
the western bank of the river Fergus ; containing, with
the island of Innismore, or Deer Island, '2974 inhabit-
ants. This parish comprises 706 1| statute acres, mostly
under tillage ; there is a large extent of bog. Sea-weed
and sand procured on the shores of the Fergus are used
for manure. Grain and other agricultural produce are
occasionally sent in boats to Limerick from Ballycorick.
The principal seats are, Paradise, beautifully situated on
the Fergus, of which, and of the surrounding scenery,
it commands a most extensive view ; and Fort Fergus.
On an eminence in the demesne of Paradise was an
ornamental building, called the Temple, which formed a
conspicuous landmark in the navigation of the river ;
but it has been taken down. The parish is in the
diocese of Killaloe : the rectory is partly impropriate in
the family of Wyndham, and partly in Bindon Scott,
Esq. ; the vicarage forms part of the union of Kildysart.
The tithe rent-charge is £189. 10. 6., of which £79. 1. 9.
are payable to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the district of Clondegad :
the chapel, at Knockboy, is a small building. The
ruins of the ancient church still remain, in the burial-
ground. — See Ballinacally and Deer Island.
KILCHRIST, or Kilcriest, a parish, in the union
of Loughrea, partly in the barony of Dunkellin, but
chiefly in that of Loughrea, county of Galway, and
province of Connaught, 3 miles (W. S. W.) from
Loughrea, on the road from that place to Gort ; contain-
ing 1579 inhabitants. It comprises 3419 statute acres.
A baronial court is held once in three weeks. Kilchrist
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmacduagh, and forms
part of the union of KilUnane, or Kilthomas ; the rec-
tory is partly appropriate to the bishopric, and partly to
the vicars-choral of Christ Church, Dublin. The tithe
rent-charge is £66, of which £14. 5. are payable to the
bishop, £'2. .5. to the lessee of the vicars-choral, and the
remainder to the vicar : the glebe-house of the union is
in this parish. The Roman Catholic parish is co-
extensive with that of the Established Church, and has
a chapel, lately built, in connexion with which is a
school for about 100 children. About 80 children are
educated in a public school partly supported by the
rector. Here are the remains of a chapel.
KILCLEAGH, or Moate, a parish, in the union of
Athlone, barony of Clonlonan, county of West-
MEAiH, and province of Leinster, on the road from
Athlone to Dublin ; containing, with the post-town of
Moate, 6444 inhabitants. It comprises 15,264 statute
acres, and is principally grazing-land ; there is a con-
siderable quantity of bog, with abundance of limestone
and gritstone. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the tithe rent-charge is £'207. 5. The church was built
in 17 8^2, enlarged by aid of a gift of £300 and a loan of
£500 from the Board of First Fruits in 1819, and lately
repaired by a grant of £'2'28 from the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners. The glebe-house was purchased in 1819, by
aid of a gift of £300 and a loan of £500 from 'the
Board : the glebe comprises 86 acres. In the Roman
28
Catholic divisions the parish is in the diocese of Ardagh :
part of it forms the district of Moate, in which are two
chapels, one there and one at Bogagh ; the other, with
the parish of Lemanaghan, constitutes that of Ballyma-
bown, in which also are two chapels, one of them at
Ballymahown, in this parish. There is also a meeting-
house for the Society of Friends. Near Farnagh are
the ruins of the castle of Clonlonan, which gave name
to the barony. — See Moate.
KILCLEEHEExN.— See Kilculliheen.
KILCLIEF, a parish, in the union of Downpa-
TRICK, barony of Legale, county of Down, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 2 miles (S.) from Straugford ; con-
taining 1121 inhabitants. Here was formerly an abbey
under St. Eugene and St. Neill, disciples of St. Patrick;
also an hospital for lepers, of which there are still some
small remains. The castle of Kilclief, of which also
part remains, was anciently the palace of the bishops of
Down, to whom the manor belongs. The parish con-
tains 2424^ statute acres : there is no waste or bog,
and the land is extremely well cultivated, furnishing
much wheat, barley, oats, and potatoes for exportation.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Down, and
in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£162. The church is a small plain building, on an ele-
vated spot near the sea-shore, erected at a cost of £506,
of which £435 were from the funds of the Ecclesiasti-
cal Commissioners. There is a glebe-house, for the
erection of which £400 were given and £50 lent, in
1816, by the late Board of First Fruits; the glebe com-
prises 10 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, including also the town-
land of Ballyargan and two others in Ballyculter, and
containing a small chapel. The parochial school was
built in 1804.
KILCLOAN, a parish, in the union of Dunshaugh-
LiN, barony of Upper Deece, county of Meath, and
province of Leinster, 4 miles (N. E.) from Kilcock,
and on the road from Summerhill to Dunboyne ; con-
taining 267 inhabitants. It comprises 2717 statute
acres, of partly good, and partly middling land. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and forms
part of the union of Raddonstown : the tithe rent-
charge is £83. 1. 6. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, called Batterstown,
comprising Kilcloan, Raddonstown, Ballymaglasson,
Rathregan, Balfeighan, and Moyglare, and containing
three chapels ; that of Kilcloan is a neat modern build-
ing. Here is Mulhussey Castle.
KILCLOGHAN.— See Templetown.
KILCLOGHER. — See Clogher, county Louth.
KILCLONAGH, a parish, in the union of Thurles,
barony of Eliogarty, county of Tipperary, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from Templemore ;
containing 179 inhabitants. This parish comprises only
759 statute acres. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Cashel, and forms part of the union of
Moyne : the tithe rent-charge is £48. 15. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions, also, the parish is part of the
union or district of Moyne.
KILCLONBROOK, or Cremorgan, a parish, in
the union of Abbeyleix, barony of Cullinagh,
Queen's county, and province of Leinster, 4 miles
(S. W. by S.) from Stradbally, on the road from that
place to Abbeyleix ; containing about 84 inhabitants.
K I L— C L
K I L— C O
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, and
patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£28. 11.9- Tliere is neither church nor glebe-house.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Stradbally.
KILCLONFERT, a parish, in the union of Tulla-
MORE, barony of Lower Philii'stown, King's county,
and province of Leinster, '2 miles (N. by W.) from
Philipstown, on the road from that place to Kilbcggan ;
containing 1S3.5 inhabitants. This parish comprises
10,'2665^ statute acres ; above 3000 acres are arable,
above 4000 meadow and i)asture, about 100 woodland,
and "2600 bog. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Kildare : the rectory is in the patronage of
the representatives of F. Trench, Esq. ; the vicarage,
which was lately suppressed, was in the gift of the
Crown. The tithe rent-charge is £1S6. 18. 6., of which
£124. 17. are payable to the rector, and the remainder
to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. There is neither
church nor glebe-house : the occasional duty is per-
formed by the incumbent of Killaderry. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Philipstown, and contains a chapel.
KILCLOONY, a parish, in the union of Ballinas-
LOE, barony of Clonmacnoon, county of Galway, and
province of Connaught, on the river Suck and on the
road from Dublin to Galway ; containing, with part of
the post-town of Ballinasloe, "248 inhabitants. The En-
glish army encamped here for three days previously to
the celebrated battle of Aughrim, during which this was
the scene of much sanguinary conflict, the memory
whereof is perpetuated in the names of several places
in its immediate vicinity. The bridge over the small
stream which separates the parish from Aughrim is still
called the Bridge of Millea Chean, or " The Thousand
Heads," from the numbers that fell here ; and there are
two other passes where much carnage took place be-
fore the Irish outposts were driven across the stream
and morass upon their main army : one is called Barna
Chaugh, or "The Gap of Grief," and the other Crciugh,
or " The place of Sorrowing." The parish is close on
the confines of Roscommon, and comprises 7289 sta-
tute acres, of which about 1736 are waste and bog : the
Grand Canal from Dublin terminates at the town of
Ballinasloe. The principal seats are, Garbally Park,
the residence of the Earl of Clancarty ; Macnee ; Cahir ;
Kelly's Grove ; Persse Park ; Nutley ; and Grange.
The parish is in the diocese of Clonfert ; the rectory is
partly appropriate to the see and to the deanery, and
partly tmited with the vicarage, which forms a portion
of the union of Creagh. The tithe rent-charge is £94. 8.
The church, in Ballinasloe, is a plain cruciform struc-
ture with a lofty octagonal spire, built in 1790, and
enlarged in 1825 at a cost of £1200, being a loan from
the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Ballin-
asloe ; the chapel is a neat edifice, built by subscription.
There are two places of worship for Wesleyan Method-
ists. A chalybeate spa, issuing from the bog at Pool-
boy, has been inclosed by the Earl of Clancarty, who has
built a handsome room over it. — See Ballinasloe.
KILCLUNEY, or Kilclogney, a district parish,
partly in the barony of Lower Orior, but chiefly in
that of Lower Fews, union and county of Armagh,
and province of Ulster ; including part of the town of
29
Markethill, on the road from Newry to Armagh ; and
containing 8079 inhabitants. It was constituted in
179'2, by disuniting 22 townlands from the parish of
MuUaghbraek, and comprises 12,833^ statute acres, of
which 3109 are heath and bog, and the remainder in a
high state of cultivation. At Carritklane is a quarry of
good clay-slate, from which was raised the stone for build-
ing Gosford Castle : lead-ore has been also found in the
parish in considerable quantities. The weaving of linen
and cotton cloth is carried on. Kilcluney is in the diocese
of Armagh ; and on its separation from MuUaghbraek,
a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Prebendary of
MuUaghbraek, was instituted under the provisions of
an act of the "th of George III. ; and a church was
built (in 1794) at Glassdrummond, a plain neat edifice,
for the erection of which the Board of First Fruits gave
£500. The glebe-house, towards which the same Board
granted £450 as a gift and £50 as a loan, is a hand-
some building, situated on a glebe of 22 acres. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Lisnadill, or Ballymacnab ; the chapel is a
large and handsome edifice, at Clady. There are three
places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with
the General Assembly ; one at Bedrock, another at
Clady, and the third at Ballylane. Of the several pub-
lic schools, some are aided by donations from the Rev.
Dr. Blacker, others by Lords Charlemont and Gosford,
and the parochial school by the prebendary and per-
petual curate. Some vestiges yet exi.'t of the old
church of Kilcluney, burnt in 1641 ; and also of a
bawn, built in 16I9 by II. Achison, Esq., and destroyed
at the same time. Caini-aninliaiiaghan, or " The Vicar's
Cairn," which is noticed more particularly under the
head of MuUaghbraek, is in this district.
KILCOAN, a parish, in the union of Waterford,
barony of Ida, county of Kilkenny, and province of
Leinster; containing 555 inhabitants, and 15S3 sta-
tute acres. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Ossory, episcopally united in 1779 to Kil-
bride, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £84. 16. 6., and of the
whole union £118. 16. 6. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions Kilcoan forms part of the district oH Slieruagh.
KILCOAX, Wexford. — See Kilcowan.
KILCOCK, a market and post town, and a parish,
in the union of Celbridge, barony of Ikeathy and
Oughterany, county of Kildare, and province of
Leinster, lOi miles (S. E.byS.) from Trim, and 15
miles (\V.) from Dublin, on the road to Galway ; con-
taining 1974 inhabitants, of whom 1327 are in the
town. This place, which is said to have derived its
name from an ancient church or monastery dedicated
to St. Cocha, is situated on a stream called the Rye
Water, which here forms the boundary of the county.
The town extends into the parish of Raddonstown,
barony of Upper Decce, county of Meath, and contains
altogether 153* inhabitants ; it consists of several
small streets diverging from the market-square, and
has 306 houses, irregularly built, but a few of which
are of respectable appearance. The inhabitants are
aiflply supplied with excellent water from springs, and
coal is brought down the Royal Canal, which passes
by the town, as does the railway from Dublin to Mul-
lingar. Races are annually held on the adjacent com-
mon for three or four davs, and are well attended. A
K I L— C O
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large distillery and brewery have been established here.
The market, which is toll-free, is on Wednesday, and is
abundantly supplied with corn and potatoes, great
quantities of which are purchased, and sent by the
canal to Dublin. The original fairs, chiefly for cattle,
sheep, and pigs, are on March 25th, May Uth, Aug.
11th, and Sept. 29th; and additional fairs have been
estabhshed on Feb. 4th, July Uth, Oct. 2'2nd, Nov.
2-lth, and Dec. 13th. Here is a constabulary police
station. The parish comprises 4064 statute acres,
chiefly rich pasture land, appropriated to the fattening
of stock for the Dublin market, and for exportation ;
what little is under tillage is cultivated on the improved
system, and is very productive. The surrounding
scenery is pleasingly diversified, and within the parish
are the houses of Courtown and Laragh, both situated
in demesnes richly wooded. The living is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Kildare, united to the vicarages of
Hortland and Cloncurry and the rectory of Downings,
forming the union of Kilcock, in the patronage of the
Crown ; the rectory is impropriate in Lord Trimlestown,
and Joseph Walker, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £126, of which £52. 10. are payable to the
vicar ; and the rent-charge of the entire union payable
to the incumbent is £294. 11. : the glebe of the union
comprises 10^ acres; there is no glebe-house. The
church has been rebuilt at a cost of £798, whereof
£698 were from the funds of the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of
Cloncurry, Hortland, and Clonshamboe ; there is a
chapel in the town, and also one at Newtown.
KILCOCKAN, a parish, in the union of Lismore,
barony of Coshbride, county of Waterford, and pro-
vince of :\Rnster, 6 miles (E. S. E) from Tallow, and
on the river Blackwater ; containing 1420 inhabitants.
It comprises 453S statute acres, and includes the mo-
dern castle of StrancaUy, the seat of the proprietor of
the parish, a large Gothic building, in a richly planted
demesne of above 1000 acres. The parish is in the diocese
of Lismore ; the rectory is impropriate in the Duke of
Devonshire and J. Keily,Esq.,and the vicarage forms part
of the union of Templemichael. The tithe rent-charge
is £177. 3.„of which £51. 18. 6. are payable to each of
the impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar. In
the Roman Catholic divisions Kilcockan forms part of
the district of Templemichael, also called Knockanore,
or Kilwaterrany, and has a chapel recently erected.
Here are the ruins of the ancient castle of StrancaUy,
which formerly belonged to the earls of Desmond,
and after its forfeiture by that family was granted by
Queen Elizabeth to Sir Walter Raleigh, by whom it
was assigned to the Earl of Cork. This castle appears
to have been partially demolished with gunpowder a
long time since, and was recently struck by lightning,
which caused a large portion of it to fall into the Black-
water.
KILCOE, a parish, in the union of Skibbereen,
Western division of the barony of West Carbery,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 5 miles (W.)
from Skibbereen ; on the river Roaring Water, and the
road to Rock Island ; containing 2339 inhabitants. It
comprises 5272 statute acres. The surface is rocky and
uneven, and not more than one-third is in cultivation ;
the remainder consists of bare rocks of clay-slate, inter-
30
mixed with small tracts of bog. The land under tillage
is chiefly in patches amidst the rocks, and is generally
cultivated by the spade ; the manure is brought to it
on the backs of horses, and the produce carried off in
the same manner. Some of the higher grounds afford
tolerable pasturage for young cattle. The scenery is for
the most part wild, and marked with features of rugged
grandeur ; but the glen here, througii which the river
rushes with furious impetuosity, forming numerous
cataracts in its progress to the bay to which it gives
name, abounds with young and thriving plantations,
and is finely contrasted with the sterility around it. In
this romantic glen have been erected mills, corn-stores,
and quays, on the banks of the river. Two manorial
courts are held monthly, by the seneschals of the bishop
of Ross and Thomas Hungerford, Esq., respectively.
The parish is in the diocese of Ross : the rectory is
partly impropriate in Lord Riversdale, and partly con-
stitutes a portion of the income of the vicar ; the vicar-
age is united with that of Cape Clear, in the patronage
of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of Kilcoe is £225.
The church, a small edifice, for the erection of which
the late Board of First Fruits, in 1830, gave £650, is
nearly in the centre of the parish. There is neither
glebe-house nor glebe. In the Roman Catholic divisions
Kilcoe forms part of the district of Aghadown : the
chapel is a large edifice, situated near the Roaring Water.
On a point of land at the head of Roaring- Water bay
are the extensive remains of Kilcoe Castle, built by the
M'^Cartys, lords of Clandermot, and now consisting
principally of a large massive square tower, with a small
turret ; at no great distance, close to the shore, are the
ruins of the old parish church. Several swords and
spear-heads of bronze were found in 1825, by some
labourers quarrying stone ; they were all in good pre-
servation.
KILCOLA, a parish, in the union of Boyle, barony
of Frenchpark, county of Roscommon, and province
of CoNNAUGHT, 3 miles (E.byN.) from Frenchpark, on
the road from that place to Carrick-on-Shannon ; con-
taining 2784 inhabitants. It comprises 7217? statute
acres, of which about one-tenth is bog, and the remainder
arable or pasture land. The parish is in the diocese of
Elphin : the rectory was till lately part of the union of
Shankill and corps of the precentorship of Elphin ; the
vicarage is part of the union of Easter- Snow. The tithe
rent-charge is £48. 2., and is equally divided between
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners and the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions Kilcola is included in the dis-
trict of Crogban and Ballynameen, also called Kiilucan,
and has a chapel at Ballynameen.
KILCOLEMAN, a parish, in the barony of Bar-
retts, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 9^
miles (W. by N.) from Cork, on the road to Killarney,
and on the river Dripsey ; the population is returned
with Magourney, the boundary between the two parishes
being now unknown. It is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Cloyne, forming part of the union of
Magourney. In the Roman Catholic divisions it forms
part of the district of Aghabologue.
KILCOLEMAN, a parish, partly in the barony of
Magonihy, but chiefly in that of Trighenackmy,
union of Killarney, county of Kerry, and province
of Munster, on the mail-road to Cahirciveen ; con-
taining, with the post-town of Milltown, 4745 inhabit-
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K I L— C O
ants. Ill the reiga of Henry III., Gcoffry de Mauriscis
founded a priory at Killagh, in this parish, for Canons
Regular of the order of St. Augustine, and dedicated it
to the Blessed Virgin : the abbot was a lord of parha-
ment. It was endowed with large possessions in several
parts of the county, which, together with the site, were
at the Dissolution granted to Captain Spring, but were
forfeited by him after the wars of 1(541. The abbey
DOW forms part of the estate of Sir William Duncan
Godfrey, Bart., to whose ancestor. Major Godfrey, the
lands of Kilcoleman and the contiguous parishes of
Killurglin, Kiltalla, and Kilgarrilander, were granted by
Charles II. on his restoration, when several English
families settled here, some of whose descendants still
remain. The parish, which is bounded on the north
by the river Maine, and on the west by the harbour of
Castlemaine, comprises 7758 statute acres, of which
6803 consist of arable and pasture land, 745 of bog, and
210 of woodland. The soil is mostly a heavy clay ; it
produces good crops of grain and potatoes, and the state
of agriculture is gradually improving. The principal
seat is Kilcoleman Abbey, the residence of Sir W. D.
Godfrey, which has been remodelled in the Elizabethan
style, and is surrounded by an extensive and finely
wooded demesne. Attached to the demesne is a neat
cottage, called Fort Agnes, built on the edge of a circular
hollow surrounded by a Danish moat or rath.
The living is a perpetual cure, in the diocese of Ard-
fert and Aghadoe, and in the patronage of the represen-
tatives of Lord Glandore ; the rectory is impropriate in
the Hon. and Rev. F. MuUins, to whose lessees the tithe
rent-charge, amounting to £241. 6., is entirely payable,
and who allows a stipend to the curate. The church, at
Milltown, is a neat edifice, with a lofty square tower
surmounted by octangular pinnacles ; it was erected in
18'22, on a site presented by Sir John Godfrey, by aid
of two loans of £900 and £100 from the Board of First
Fruits. The glebe-house was built about the same
period, the Board granting £450 as a gift, and £50 as a
loan ; the glebe comprises eight acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Milltown, where the principal chapel is situated. Of
the abbey, which was a building of considerable size
and strength, and constructed of a kind of dark marble,
the walls and the noble east window are still nearly
entire, and, from the style of the architecture, appear
to be of a more recent date than that of the original
foundation. Near the abbey are the ruins of the old
church, with a burial-ground attached, which is still
used. Besides the fort already mentioned there are
several others, commonly called " Danish " forts. — See
Milltown.
KILCOLEMAN, a parish, in the poor-law union of
Parsonstown, partly in the barony of Ballybritt,
but chiefly in that of Clonlisk, King's county, and
province of Leinster, 21 miles (S. by E.) from Parsons-
town, on the road to Roscrea ; containing 2285 inha-
bitants. This parish derives its name from a religious
house founded here in the 6th century, by St. Colman,
son of ^Engus, King of Munster, and which subsequently
became the parish church ; the walls are yet standing.
It comprises S202|^ statute acres, principally under
tillage ; the surface is undulated, and the soil a light
porous limestone. The seats are, Sharavogue, a spacious
mansion in an improved demesne ; Ballyegan, also in a
31
well-planted demesne ; and Rathmorc. Tlie living is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Klllaloe : the
former constituted part of the union of Parsonstown,
but has been lately separated from it ; the latter is still
part of the union of Ettagh. The tithe rent-charge is
£143. 10.: the glebe consists of 20 acres. A church
was built by subscription in 1845 ; also a curate's
house ; the two at the cost of £900. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is united to that of Ettagh ;
in each is a chapel. Remains e.\ist of several old castles
and towers.
KILCOLEMAN, a parish, in the union of Rath-
KEALE, Shanid division of Lower Connello, county
of Limerick, and province of Munster, 3^ miles (S. W.)
from Shanagoldeu, on the road to Newcastle ; contain-
ing "59 inhabitants. It comprises 2762 statute acres;
more than three-fourths of the land are mountain pas-
ture, in some places occupied by loose fibrous turbary,
and the remainder is under tillage. The system of
agriculture is improved, and there is little wa!^te land
but what might be reclaimed at a trifling expense.
Great numbers of young cattle are reared in the moun-
tain pastures. Limestone abounds, and the more ele-
vated parts are of the coal formation. The living was a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, and in
the patronage of the Bishop ; but on the death of the
late incumbent in 1845, it lapsed to the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners, who pay a curate £10 a year for the
occasional duties : the tithe rent-charge is £52. 10.
There is neither church nor glebe-house ; the former was
destroyed in the war of 1641, and has not been rebuilt :
the glebe comprises 3 acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the union of Coolcap-
pagh ; the chapel is a small modern edifice. Near it
are the remains of Castle-Egney, consisting of one
slender square tower ; and in the immediate neighbour-
hood are the remains of several others.
KILCOLEMAN, a parish, in the union of Ballin-
robe, barony of Clanmorris, county of Mayo, and
province of Connaught, on the road from Ballinrobe
to Castlerea ; containing, with the market and post town
of Clare, 9451 inhabitants. A Carmelite friary was
founded here in the 13th century by the Prcndergast
family, and at the Dissolution was granted to Sir John
King. The parish comprises 23,739^ statute acres :
above one-third is arable, one-fourth pasture, and the
remainder waste and bog ; limestone is plentiful. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Tuam, and in the
gift of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £228. 9-
The church is in Clare ; it was erected in 1828, by a gift
of £900, and a loan of £1000, from the Board of First
Fruits. The glebe consists of 9 acres, with a glebe-
house built in 1826, at a cost of £1000, partly a gift,
but chiefly a loan, from the same Board. The Roman
Cathohc parish is co-e.\tensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church ; there are chapels at Clare and Barny-
carrol, and in the ancient abbey of Ballinasmale are a
few monks, who perform divine service regularly. At
Clare, also, is a meeting-house for Wesleyan Methodists.
Here are several schools, to one of which Mrs. Browne,
of Claremount, contributes £10; and to another some
gentlemen in the neighbourhood subscribe £8 ; annually.
— See Clare or Clare-Morris.
KILCOLEMAN, a parish, in the union of Castle-
rea, partly in the barony of Coolavin, county of Sligo,
K I L— C O
K I L— C O
but chiefly in that of Costello, county of Mayo, and
province of Connatjght, on the mail-coach road from
Longford to Ballina ; containing, with the market and
post town of Ballaghadireen, 6655 inhabitants. It com-
prises 18,0935 statute acres, of which 5SS0 are bog;
the land is of various, but mostly of very inferior,
quality, and the system of agriculture unimproved.
Limestone is scarce, but there are some quarries of
freestone of good quality. The seats are, Edraondstown,
the residence of the Costello family ; Clogher ; and
Coolavin House. The parish is in the diocese of
Achonry ; the rectory is impropriate in Lord Dillon,
and the vicarage forms part of the union of Castlemore :
the tithe rent-charge is £U'2. 10., payable in moieties
to the impropriator and the vicar. The church, in
Ballaghadireen, is a small building, serving for the
vicarial union ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners re-
cently granted £110 for its repair. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also Castlemore, and containing chapels at
Ballaghadireen and CragadufF. There are various public
schools, some of which are aided by donations from
Lord Dillon, Mr. Holmes, and the incumbent. Some
remains exist of the old parish church.
KILCOLEMAN, Cork.— See Doneraile.
KILCOLEMANBANE, a parish, partly in the barony
of CuLLiNAGH, but chiefly in that of Maryborough
East, union of Mountmellick, Queen's county, and
province of Leinster, 2| miles (S. S. E.) from Mary-
borough, on the road from that place to Ballinakill ;
containing 962 inhabitants. The parish comprises'
3693^ statute acres : the land is of a middling quality.
The seats are Sheffield, Woodville, and Rathleague. It
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Leighlin, and
forms part of the union of Maryborough : the tithe rent-
charge is £120. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also,
Kilcolemanbane is in the district of Maryborough.
KILCOLGAN, a parish, in the barony of Dunkel-
Lix, union and county of Galway, and province of
CoxNAUGHT, 4 miles (S. byE.) from Oranmore, on the
road from that place to Ardrahan ; containing 1359
inhabitants. An abbey is said to have been founded
here in 5S0, over which St. Colgan presided. The parish
comprises 554Si statute acres ; the land is of a light
limestone soil, with a large portion of rocky ground.
Au inlet of the bay of Galway extends up to Kilcolgan,
and is navigable for small boats ; large quantities of
sea-weed are collected for manure. A receiving-house
for letters here is in connexion with Ardrahan. Tyrone
is the seat of the St. George family. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Kilmacduagh, episcopally
united, about 1735, to the vicarages of Kinvarra, Strad-
bally, Killeely, Killeny, Dromacoo, Killineen, Killena-
vara, Duras, Kilcooly, and Bullane, together forming
the union of Kilcolgan, in the patronage of the Bishop .
the rectory of Kilcolgan is appropriate partly to the see,
and partly to the prebend of Kinvarra in the cathedral
of Kilmacduagh. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£141. 15 , of which £39. 7. 6. are payable to the vicar ;
the entire tithe of the benefice, payable to the vicar, is
£241. 14. 6. The church, built upwards of a century
ago, was repaired in 1820 by parochial assessment. The
glebe-house was erected in 1820, by a gift of £400 and
a loan of £190 from the Board of First Fruits; the
glebe of the union consists of 28f acres.
32
KILCOLLUM, or Kilcolm, a parish, in the union
of Waterford, barony of Ida, county of Kilkenny,
and province of Leinster, 5 miles (N. N. E.) from Water-
ford, and on the river Barrow ; containing 2407 in-
habitants. This parish comprises 8274 statute acres.
It is in the diocese of Ossory ; the rectory is impropriate
in Sir Ellis Leighton, and the vicarage forms part of the
union of Dunkit. The tithe rent-charge is £360, of
which two-thirds are payable to the impropriator and
one-third to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions
Kileollum forms part of the district of Slieruagh.
KILCOLMANBRACK, an ancient parish, in the
union of Mountmellick, baruny of Cullinagh,
Queen's county, and province of Leinster ; contain-
ing 67 inhabitants, and 905f statute acres.
KILCOMAN, a parish, in the union of Roscrea,
barony of Clonlisk, King's county, and province of
Leinster, f of a mile (N. W.) from Shinrone, and on
the river Brosna ; containing 1552 inhabitants. St.
Cumin, who died in 668, founded an abbey here of which
there are still some remains. The parish comprises
3583 statute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese of
Killaloe, and forms part of the union of Shinrone : the
tithe rent-charge is £117- 14. In the Roman Catholic
divisions, also, Kilcoman is included in the union or dis-
trict of Shinrone.
KILCOMB, a parish, in the union of Gorey, barony
of Scarawalsh, county of Wexford, and province of
Leinster, 45 miles (S. \V. byS.) from Gorey; contain-
ing 1 170 inhabitants. It comprises 5441 statute acres,
chiefly in tillage. Here is Camolin Park. The parish
is in the diocese of Ferns, and the rectory forms part of
the union and prebend of Tomb in the cathedral of
Ferns: the tithe rent-charge is £) 53. 14. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish is in the district of
Ferns, and has a chapel at Ballyduif.
KILCOMENTY, or Ballinahinch, a parish, in the
union of Nenagh, barony of Owney and Arra, county
of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 2 miles
(N. by E.) from Newport, and on the mail-coach road
from Nenagh to Limerick ; containing 289'2 inhabitants.
This parish, which is bounded on the west by the Shan-
non, comprises 6943 statute acres ; about 400 are waste
and bog, and the remainder profitable arable and pas-
ture land in a good state of cultivation. The soil is
fertile, and the system of agriculture improved ; lime-
stone is quarried extensively for agricultural purposes
and for building, and marl and sand are also used for
manure. The scenery is strikingly bold and varied,
comprising a chain of mountains to the south-east of
the parish, among which the lofty Keeper is conspicuous,
rising 2265 feet above the sea : the principal seats are
Bird Hill, Cragg, and Parteen. Communication is
afforded by the canal to Dublin, and numerous rivulets
issuing from the mountains intersect the parish. A con-
stabulary police force is stationed here. The parish is
in the diocese of Cashel, and is a rectory and vicarage,
forming part of the union of Kilnerath, or St. John's,
Newport : the tithe rent-charge is £242. 6. In the
Roman Catholic divisions also Kilcomenty is included
in the union or district of Kilnerath, or Ballinahinch ;
the chapel is at Bird Hill, at which place a national
school has been also established. At Cragg are the
ruins of an ancient church and castle ; and there are
some Danish raths in the parish, used as places of inter-
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ment. Philip of Worcester, chief governor of Ireland
in 1184, founded here a priory, which he dedicated to
St. Philip, St. James, and St. Cumin ; and placed in it
Benedictiue monks from the abbey of Glastonbury, in
Somersetshire.
KILCOMMICK, a parish, in the union of Long-
ford, partly in the barony of Shruel, partly in that
of MoYDOw, but chiefly in that of Rathcline, county
of LoxGFORD, and province of Leinster, 3:j miles
(N. W. by N.) from Ballymahon, on the road from that
place to Longford ; containing 3644 inhabitants. It
comprises 1 1,8* I5 statute acres : there is much bog ; also
some limestone containing shells and susceptible of a high
polish. The Royal Canal runs through the southern
part of the parish. Near Mosstown is a flour-mill. The
principal seats are Mosstown, Lisglassick, Ledwithstown,
Lislea, and Glanmore : Mosstown was defended by the
Nen-comens in 1641, but was obliged to capitulate; it
was also garrisoned for King William by the same family,
and was unsuccessfully besieged by James's forces. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ardagh,
and patronage of the bishop of Tuam : the tithe rent-
charge is £'207. 15. The glebe-house was built in 18'27,
by a gift of £100, and a loan of £'00, from the Board
of First Fruits ; the glebe consists of '214 acres. The
church, at Kenagh, was erected in 1S3'2, by the Countess
Dowager of Rosse, at an expense of £•2.500. The
Roman Catholic parish is co-e,\tensive with that of the
Established Church, and is called Clough ; there is a
chapel, and divine service is also performed in a private
house. At Kenagh is a Primitive Methodist meeting-
house. To one of two schools the Countess of Rosse
gives £15 per annum, besides a house and three acres of
land ; and to the other, £14 per annum. Several raths
and the ruins of the old church remain ; and at Bally-
nock and Mosstown are two dilapidated castles. — See
Kenagh.
KILCOMMIN, county Mayo. — See Kilcummin.
KILCOMMON, a parish, in the union of Ballina,
barony of Erris, county of Mayo, and province of
CoNXAUGHT; Containing, with the sea-port and post
town of Belmullet, 17,000 inhabitants. This very ex-
tensive parish, which includes the harbour of Broad-
haven, comprises '203,396 statute acres. The surface
is mountainous, with large tracts of bog : between the
mountains are deep valleys, which are productive j but
towards the sea the lands are very bleak, and exposed
to the western blasts, by which the crops are frequently
destroyed. The mountain soils might be easily re-
claimed by the use of a silicious marly gravel which is
found in various parts of the parish, but agriculture is
in a very backward state ; spade husbandry is generally
prevalent. Limestone abounds in the eastern portion
of the parish, and there are some quarries of flagstone,
which is used for building ; iron-ore of good quality is
found in abundance, and some mines were opened and a
furnace for smelting the ore was erected by Sir Arthur
Shean, but from the great expense of procuring fuel, the
works were discontinued. The scenery of the interior
is wild and romantic, abounding with features of rugged
grandeur : the mountains, of which that called Shena-
chabiiie, or John Cabine, is 927 feet above the level of
the sea, and abounds with grouse and other game, form
a vast amphitheatre from north-west to south-east ; and
nearly in the centre of the parish is Loush Curramore, 8
Vol. IL— 33
miles in circumference, and abounding with salmon and
trout. The principal .seats are, Enver, Rossport House,
Rimoe, Bangor Lodge, and Croy Lodge. Monthly fairs
are held at Belmullet (u-ltich see) ; and there are fairs at
Bangor on the '20th of Jan., Feb., March, April, and
July, the 11th of June, August, and Dec, 10th of May,
Sth of Sept., and l6th of Oct. and Nov., for cattle,
sheep, pigs, and yarn.
The principal rivers are, the Owenmore, which enters
the parish near the bridge of Carrick, and falls into the
bay of TuUoghane at Goolamore, and on which is a valu-
able salmon-fishery ; the Miiitsliine, which issues from
Lough Curramore, and falls into the Owenmore j the
GU'iiamori/, which falls into the harbour of Broadhavcn,
and is also celebrated for its salmc
the river Orey.
hound, so called from the rapidity of its current. The
shore is extremely bold, rising in perpendicular cliffs of
great height, perforated in some parts with immense
caverns, one of which is 7OO feet high at the entrance.
The harbour of Broadhavcn is separated from Blacksod
bay by an isthmus '200 yards wide connecting the penin-
sula of the Mullet with the main land, and is 6|- miles
long from the entrance, which is f of a mile wide, to the
town of Belmullet. It affords good anchorage, of suffi-
cient depth for any vessels ; but there is room only for
two large or four small ships to ride in shelter from
northerly winds, at half-cable length to the eastward
and westward ; the anchorage is between two spots of
sand, one stretching from Ringtail Head on the west,
and the other from Rinishummuck on the east side.
To the north-east of the harbour is Binwee Head, &'24
feet in height ; off which are the stags of Broadhavcn,
four remarkably high rocks, visible at a great distance,
and serving to distinguish this part of the coast, which
to Killala bay is clear of rocks and shoals, the shore
being mostly steep cliffs indented with small fishing-
coves. To the north of the entrance to Broadhaven
bay, and also off Binwee Head, is Kid Island, comprising
•25^ acres. It has been in contemplation to cut through
the isthmus separating the harbour from Blacksod bay,
and to connect these harbours, which are defended from
the Atlantic by the breakwater of the Mullet, 15 miles
in length ; thus opening entrances to Broadhavcn both
from the north and south, and affording full security to
vessels sailing in and out of the bays. Were this done,
they would be as safe and commanding as any harbours
on the western coast of Ireland.
The whole northern line of coast is characterised by
features of striking magnificence : the cliff scenery be-
tween Balderig (to which is a branch leading from the
new road from Killala to Erris) and Kilgalligan Head is
unrivalled for grandeur and beauty, and the intersec-
tions and trap-dykes between those places afford highly
interesting geological specimens. In rowing along the
shore, to the westward of Balderig, is Moista Sottml, a
remarkable passage, little more than a cable's length
from one extremity to the other, and so narrow as to
preclude the use of oars. It is bounded on both sides by
perpendicular walls of rock, more than 500 feet high ;
and the space between them was most probably filled by
a trap-dyke, the decomposition of which, cither from
the perishable nature of the material, or from some
chymical action, perhaps formed this interesting chasm.
Near Port Twiling, a coast-guard station eight miles
from Balderig, affording good shelter for boats, is the
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Natural Arch, 30 feet high, which may be rowed through
at half-tide in raoderate weather with perfect safety. A
key-stone of trap, 1'2 feet high, extends from the centre
of the arch nearly to the summit of the cliff, where it is
continued along a hollow, indicating a subsidence of the
dyke at some former period, a recurrence of which may
probably produce another sound similar to that of
Moista ; at the eastern extremity of the archway is a
perpendicular cliff, 618 feet high. About I5 mile from
the archway is a headland, remarkable for its beauty
and the fanciful contortions of its strata ; and about a
mile farther to the west is the mouth of Port-a-Clay, an
interesting small haven, where is a coast-guard station,
with good shelter for boats. Near this is the entrance
to a cavern called the Parlour, situated at the northern
extremity of the lofty promontory of Doonrinalla ; the
entrance is through an archway, 30 feet high, and wide
enough to allow a boat to be rowed into it ; the main
branch runs in a direct line, and gradually contracts in
width and height, terminating in a fissure 10 or 1'2 feet
high, and probably communicating with another cavern,
called the Kitchen, on the south-west side. To the east
of the Parlour are immehse masses of detached rock
lying on an inclined plain. Binicee, or "the Yellow-
Mountain," rises perpendicularly on its north-west side,
and commands from its summit a most extensive and
truly magnificent prospect. To the south-west are seen
the deeply indented shores of the Mullet, the bays of
Blacksod and Broadhaven, with the towering Achill in
the distance ; to the east are the Stags, the iron-bound
range of coast between Binwee and Ben More, the
Wedge, and Downpatrick Head, with the Sligo shore
and the mountains of Donegal and Arranmore in the
distance ; to the north is the ocean ; and to the south,
mountains rising above each other in majestic grandeur.
Near Binwee is Reni-al, and near that are the ruins of
an ancient stronghold, of which only the gateway is
remaining. At Ross Ferry, or Ross Port, on the south
side of Gutta mountain, are huge hills of sand, now
covering a tract which, 60 years since, was as fertile as
any in the barony. Between Renval and Ross Ferry a
gradual subsidence of the land, or an elevation of the
level of the sea, seems to have taken place ; rocks
appear in two places projecting above the surface of the
strand, and a ridge of bog rises through the shingle to a
level with high-water mark.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Killala, and iu the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe
rent-charge is £"255. The church has been lately
rebuilt at a cost of £581, raised by subscription ; divine
service was previously performed in the court-house at
Belmullet, and at a coast-guard station. There is no
glebe-house ; the glebe comprises 35i acres. Iu the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms three dis-
tricts ; Ballycroy, in which is an old thatched building
at Cross Hill, used as a chapel ; Kilcommon West, in
which is a chapel built in 1 83^, at an expense of £300, by
subscription ; and Kilcommon East, the chapel of
which is at Bangor. At Kiltairn, on the banks of the
Owenmore, are the remains of an ancient abbey; at
Kilgalligan, the ruins of a monastery ; and at Doona,
the remains of a castle belonging to the celebrated
Grace O'Malley, known by the name of Gran-Uile.
Near Pallatomas is an old burial-ground. The parish
is rich in minerals, among which are the Greenland
34
pot-stone, the rutil, kyanite, white limestone, felspar,
rock-crystal, garnet, micaceous quartz, and other va-
rieties. In the townland of Enver is a Druidical
altar, consisting of three upright stones supporting a
large flagstone. In January, 1 83.5, a labourer dis-
covered several gold coins in a field on that town-
land ; and shillings of the reigns of the Edwards and
Henry VIII. are frequently dug up in various parts.
The Rev. W. Maxwell wrote the greater portion of his
works at Croy Lodge, the neighbourhood of which was
the scene of his IFild Sports of the West. — See Bel-
mullet.
KILCOMMON, a parish, in the union of Ballin-
ROBE, barony of Kilmaine, county of Mayo, and pro-
vince of CoNNAUGHT ; Containing, with the post-town
of Hollymount, 7456 inhabitants. It comprises 17,395f
statute acres, of which about 400 are woodland and 500
bog. Agriculture is improving ; and near ILillymount is
a model agricultural school, established by the Mansion-
House Relief Committee of 182'2 : the building and
stock cost £3000, but the school, which was built on an
acre of land given by Mr. Lindsey, has very few pupils.
Limestone is found here. The surrounding country is
agreeably diversified, and adorned with numerous well-
planted demesnes : among the seats in the parish
are Hollymount House, Closecormack House, and
Clooney Castle. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Tuam, united by act of parliament, in
1703, to the rectories and vicarages of Robeen and
Taghkeen, forming the union of Kilcommon or Holly-
mount, in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-
charge of the parish is £254. 15. 6., and of the entire
union £4SS. 5. The old church, which was in Holly-
mount, was a chapel of ease, built in 16SS by Arch-
bishop Vesey, who was buried in it ; and was made
the parish church on the church of Kilcommon becom-
ing ruinous. The present church, which is in Robeen
parish, was enlarged iu 1818, the late Board of First
Fruits having granted a loan of £1000; it is a hand-
some building, with a cast-iron spire, and is fitted up
with English oak. The family vault of Lord Clan-
morris, and monuments of the Lindsey and Ruttledge
families, are in the churchyard. For the erection of the
glebe-house, the Board, in IS'il, gave £100 and lent
£1200 : the glebe comprises S acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising Kilcommon and Robeen, and has two
chapels: that at Carra, built in 1830 at an expense of
£1'200, is a handsome building, with galleries ; that at
Roundfort has a tall square tower. Of several schools,
two were built and are supported by Mr. Lindsey.
Here are the remains of some ancient forts ; and elks-
horns, coins of Queen EUzabeth's reign, and military
weapons have been discovered at different times. — See
Hollymount.
KILCOMMON, a parish, in the barony of South
Ballinacor, county of Wicklow, and province of
Leinster ; containing, with the post-town of Tinahely,
3479 inhabitants. It comprises 11,209 statute acres of
land, mostly in a good state of cultivation, the system
of agriculture having been greatly improved under the
influence of the Shillelagh Agricultural Society : there
are some mountain land and peat-bog. The principal
seats are Ballybeg, Rockingham, Town View, and
Ballyshonogue : the residence of the parish priest was
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built by Earl Fitzwilliam. The parish is in the diocese
of Ferns, and is a rectory, forming part of the union
and prebend of Crosspatrick in the cathedral of Ferns :
the tithe rent-charge is £34'i. 14. The church, an old
but neat building, was enlarged in 18'21, the late
Board of First Fruits granting a loan of £700. In the
Roman Catholic divisions Kilcommon is the head of a
district, comprising the parishes of Kilcommon, Preban,
and Kilpipe, and called Killavany and Tinahcly : there
are chapels at Killavany and Crossbridge, both of which
were erected by Earl Fitzwilliam. — Sec Tinahely.
KILCOMMON, or Kilcolman, a parish, situated
in the union of Ratiidrum, partly in the barony of
Nevccastlu, but chiefly in that of Auklow, county of
WiCKLOw, and province of Leinster, 1^ mile (N. E.)
from Rathdrum, and on the coach-road from Dublin to
Wexford; containing 972 inhabitants. This parish, in
the civil divisions, is regarded as one of the four con-
stablewicks constituting the parish of Wicklow : it
comprises 4S07| statute acres ; the land is generally of
good quality, and the system of agriculture improving,
but there are some tracts of waste and bog in the
mountainous parts. It is a chapclry, in the diocese of
Dublin and Glendalough, forming part of the eccle-
siastical union of Wicklow : the tithe rent-charge is
£83. 6. 4. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also,
Kilcommon forms part of the union or district of Wick-
low. The parochial school is aided by Archdeacon
Magee, and has a house and an acre of land given by
Mr. Bailey, of Ballyarthur. Within a mile of Rath-
drum are the ruins of the parish church, and at Bally-
nakill are the remains of an old castle.
KILCONDUFF, a parish, in the union of Swm-
FORD, barony of Gallen, county of Mayo, and pro-
vince of CoNNAUGHT ; Containing, with the post-town
of Swinford, 707'2 inhabitants. It comprises 16,5'2'2|
statute acres : the greater part is in tillage, but there
are large tracts of bog and mountain laud ; flagstones
are abundant. Pearls are found in the river Moy, and
there are chalybeate and sulphureous springs. The
principal seat is Brabazon Park, the residence of Sir
W. Brabazon, Bart. The parish is in the diocese of
Achonry : the rectory is impropriate in W. S. Bourke,
Esq. ; the vicarage was united episcopally, in 1S0.5, to
those of Kilbeagh and INIeelick, in the patronage of the
Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £^74. U.,
which is equally divided between the impropriator and
the vicar; and of the entire vicarial union, £'S0'2. 17.
The church, in Swinford, is a plain building, erected in
1810, when the late Board of First Fruits gave £600,
and recently repaired by a grant of £'209 from the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The glebe-house was
built in 1819, by a gift of £400 and a loan of like
amount from the same Board ; and has a glebe of 13
acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
the head of a district, comprising also Meelick, and
containing a chapel in each. Some of the ruins of
Kilconduff and Kinaff churches still exist. — See Swin-
ford.
KILCONER AN, a parish, in the union of Loughrea,
partly in the baronies of Athenry and Loughrea, but
chiefly in that of Dunkellin, county of Gal-way, and
province of Co.nnavght, 3 miles (X. W. by N.) from
Loughrea, on the road from that place to Galway ; con-
taining 1552 inhabitants. It comprises 5478 statute
35
acres ; the land is of good quality. The parish ip in the
diocese of Clonfert ; the rectory is appropriate to the
bishopric and the deanery, and the vicarage forms part
of the union of Kilconickny. The tithe rent-charge is
£105. 2. 6., of which £11. 16. 9. are payable to the
bishop, £3. 9. 3. to the dean, and the remainder to the
vicar. The glebe-house of the union, situated in this
parish, was built in 1S27, by a gift of £400, and a loan
of £344. 10., from the Board of First Fruits ; the
glebe here contains 27^ acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Kilconeran forms part of the district of Carra-
bawn, or Lickerrig, and contains a chapel. Here are
the ruins of Seafin Castle.
KILCONICKNY, a parish, partly in the baronies of
Athenry and Loughrea, but chiefly in that of Dun-
kellin, union of Loughrea, county of Galway, and
province of Connaught, 2^ miles (W. by N.) from
Loughrea, on the road from that place to Galway ; con-
taining 2564 inhabitants. It comprises 8352J statute
acres ; the land is of good quality, and limestone is
procured for burning. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Clonfert, episcopally united to the vicarages
of Lickerrig, Kiltullagh, and Kilconeran, and in the
patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is appropriate to
the bishopric, the deanery, the prebend of Killaspic-
moylan, the rectory of Loughrea, and the vicars-choral
of Christ Church, Dublin. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £182. 14., of which £20. 15. 6. are payable to
the vicar ; the entire tithe of the benefice of the vicar
is about £214. The church is at Lickerrig: it was
built in 1816, by aid of a gift of £600 from the Board
of First Fruits ; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
recently granted £183 for its repair. There is a glebe-
house at Kilconeran, and the glebes of the union con-
tain 32^ acres. Some remains of the ancient castle of
St. Cleran yet exist.
KILCONLY, a parish, in the union of Tu am, barony
of Dunmore, county of Galway, and province of Con-
naught, 55 miles (N. W.) from Tuam, on the road from
that place to Castlebar ; containing 3070 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 9677^ statute acres ; the land is
good, with the exception of a large tract of rcclaimable
bog, and limestone of tolerable quality is abundant.
There are meal and flour mills on a large scale. Mil-
burn is a constabulary police station, and petty-sessions
are held at the station-house every Friday. The prin-
cipal seats are Castlegrove, Ironpool, Rockwell, New-
borough, Belmont, Ashgrove, and Blindwell. The last-
mentioned estate has been in the possession of the
Kirwan, or O'Quirivawn, family for many centuries : in
1822, part of the laud suddenly sank, and the abyss
was filled with water. Within the demesne are the
ruins of a fortress, consisting of a keep, inclosed
within four strong walls, with a turret at each corner ;
the entrance arch is in the Norman style, and in good
preservation. The parish is in the diocese of Tuam ;
the rectory is appropriate to the vicars-choral of the
cathedral, and the vicarage forms part of the union of
Tuam, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-
charge is £108. 8., which is equally divided between
the \icars- choral and the incumbent. The church is a
neat building, erected in 1831, by a gift of £600 from
the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions Kilconly is united to Kilbannon ; a large chapel
was lately erected.
F2
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KILCONLY, a parish, in the unioQ of Listowel,
barony of Iraghticonnor, county of Kerry, and
province of Munster, IO5 miles (W. by S.) from Tarbert,
and on the southern shore of the estuary or mouth of
the Shannon ; containing '2210 inhabitants. Near the
shore are the ruins of the ancient castles of Beale and
Lick, the former of which (designated " Beau-lieu " in
the Pacata Hibernia) was once a residence of the earls
of Kerry. In 1600 its fortifications were demolished
by Patrick, the then earl : in the same j'ear the brave
Maurice Stack, one of Queen Elizabeth's officers in the
desultory war then carried on, was invited here by the
earl's lady and treacherously murdered by her attend-
ants. A dangerous bar, or quicksand, extends about a
mile north from Beale Point, and nearly opposite
Carrigaholt bay. The parish comprises 57-12 statute
acres; 1S8 are coarse pasture, 114 bog, and the re-
mainder arable land, for manuring which sea-weed and
sand are generally used. The mountain of Knockanure,
665 feet above the level of the sea, is partly in this
parish ; from its summit an extensive view is obtained
of the Shannon, the shores of which are in this vicinity
extremely pleasing. The parish is in the diocese of
Ardfert and Aghadoe : it is a rectory and vicarage,
forming part of the corps of the treasurership of Ard-
fert ; the tithe rent-charge is £&1. 6., and there are two
glebes, containing together about four acres. In the
Roman Catholic divisions Kilconly forms part of the
district of Lisseltin. Near the ruins of Lick Castle is a
columnar cliff, called by the peasantry the " Devil's
Castle," and inaccessible except to sea-fowl; its summit
is sometimes frequented by eagles. In the vicinity are
several caves, formed by the dashing of the waves
against the cliffs.
KILCONNELL, a post-town and a parish, in the
union of Ballinasloe, barony of Kilconnell, county
of Galway, and province of Connaught, 30^ miles
(E. byX.) from Galway, and 78^ (W. byS.) from Dub-
lin; containing 1880 inhabitants, of whom I91 are in
the town or village. It derives its name from St. Conall,
who was abbot here in the time of St. Patrick. A
monastery of Franciscan friars was founded about
1400, by William O' Kelly, and was reformed by his son
Malachy, in 1460 : at the Dissolution it was granted to
Charles Calthorpe, Esq. The ruins are extremely inte-
resting, and contain several inscriptions, coats of arms,
&c. ; the monastery was a favourite burial-place for
many of the most respectable families in Galway. The
town contains 46 houses ; it is a constabulary police
station, and has a post-office under Aughrim : fairs are
held on May 9th, Aug. 4th, Nov. 11th, and Dec. 18th ;
and a manorial court occasionally. The parish contains
eos^ statute acres, including a small quantity of bog :
the chief seats are Hillwood, Ballinderry, Carrowma-
nagh, Killagh, and Mount Evans. The living is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Clonfert, forming, with the
rectories and vicarages of Killane and Fohcnagh, the
union of Kilconnell, in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the rectory is appropriate to the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners and to the vicarage. The tithe rent- charge of
the parish is £86. 10. 9., of which £69. 11.8. are pay-
able to the vicar ; the entire tithe of the benefice of the
incumbent is £200. 1. 6. The glebe-house was built in
1827, by aid of a gift of £400 and a loan of £350 from
the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe contains 37 acres
36
besides 95 acres in Killane and Fohenagh. A church
has been built at a cost of £677, of which £420 were
from the funds of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and
the remainder was raised by subscription. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a dis-
trict, comprising also Aughrim, in which is a chapel ;
that of Kilconnell is a large building. On the lands of
Calla are the ruins of an old castle, and a lake nearly a
mile in circumference. A village in the parish, called
in Irish BoUin Whin Shouge, or " Ash Village," gives
the title of Baron to Lord Ashtown.
KILCONNELL, a parish, in the union of Cashel,
barony of Middlethird, county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, 3 miles (E.) from Cashel, on the
road from that place to Fethard ; containing 655 inha-
bitants, and 2345 statute acres. It is a rectory, in the
diocese of Cashel, and forms part of the ecclesiastical
union of Fethard : the tithe rent-charge is £106. 18. 8.
Here is a square tower in good preservation.
KILCONNY, a village, in the parish of Drumlane,
union of Cavan, barony of Locghtee Lower, county
of Cavan, and province of Ulster ; containing 450
inhabitants.
KILCONRY, a parish, in the union of Ennis,
barony of Bun ratty, county of Clare, and province
of Munster, 3^ miles (W. byS.) from Bunratty ; con-
taining 739 inhabitants. This parish is situated at
the junction of the rivers Fergus and Shannon, by the
former of which it is bounded on the west and by the
latter on the south ; and comprises 2926^ statute acres,
of which 47 1^ are in islands. The principal islands are
Dynish, Fynish, and Innismacnaughten, which contain
land of superior quality for fattening cattle ; and the
rich corcass lands on the banks of the Fergus and
Shannon yield a succession of 14 or 15 crops without
manure of any description. At Isle Ruagh is a small
quay, where sea-weed and turf are landed, and whence
corn is occasionally sent in boats to Limerick. The
gentlemen's seats are Stonehall and Carrigeary, both
commanding extensive views of the estuary of the two
rivers. The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe : the
rectory forms part of the rectorial union of Torafinlough
or Traddery, in the patronage of the Wyndham family ;
and the vicarage is part of the vicarial union of Kilfi-
naghty, in the gift of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge
is £78. 15., two-thirds payable to the rector and the
remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions Kilconry forms part of the district of Newmarket,
which is held by the administrator of the Roman Ca-
tholic bishop : the chapel is at Carrigeary.
KILCOO, a parish, in the union of Kilkeel, barony
of Upper Iveagh, county of Down, and province of
Ulster, 2 miles (S.) from Castlewcllan, and on the
road from Newry to Downpatrick ; containing 6583
inhabitants. It is situated on the eastern coast, at the
base of Slieve Donard, and comprises 18,205^ statute
acres. The surface is very uneven, and the soil, with
the exception of that around the village of Bryansford,
cold, wet, and unproductive ; its cultivation is also
much impeded by the great number of stones scattered
over it in every direction. Slieve Donard (which has
an elevation of 2796 feet above the level of the sea) and
Slieve Bingian (of 2449 feet) are both within the parish,
forming part of a chain rising at Newcastle and extend-
ing to Rosstrevor, a distance of 20 miles ; the northern
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sides arc here covered with verdure, but the south and
west sides present chiefly large tracts of bog. The
principal seats are, Tollymore Park, the elegant resi-
dence of the Earl of Roden, situated in a ridily wooded
and well watered demesne ; and Donard Lodge, the
handsome mansion of Earl Annesley, erected in 1830
on the acclivity of Slieve Donard, and commanding
some fine views. The parish is in the diocese of Down,
and the rectory forms part of the union of Kilkeel and
corps of the treasurership of the cathedral of Down ;
the tithe rent-charge is £'225. The church, with the
village of Kilcoo, was burnt in 1641, and in 1712 a
church was built at Bryansford, which, being too small
for the congregation, was considerably enlarged in 1806,
when a tower was added to it ; the edifice was repaired
by aid of a grant of £200 from the late Board of First
Fruits, in 1812. There is also a handsome church with
a lofty spire at Newcastle, built in the year 1833, at the
expense of Earl Annesley, who appoints the minister
and pays his stipend. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish includes the districts of Bryansford and
Kilcoo : there are two chapels, situated respectively at
Bryansford and Ballymony ; and at Newcastle is a place
of worship for Wesleyau Methodists. A school at
Fofeny was founded in 1822, by the Earl of Roden, who
also built another at Bryansford for boys, with a house
for the master, in 1S26, and by whom both are sup-
ported. A school for girls at Bryansford, with a cot-
tage for the mistress, the whole built in 1S22, is sup-
ported by the Countess of Roden ; and a large and
handsome school-house has been lately built at Slieve-
naman, on Earl Annesley's propertj'. There are schools
also at Lower Kilcoo, Ballymony, and Ardaghy. On
the western side of the parish, at Lough Island Reavy,
a reservoir has been constructed for supplying water to
the river Bann in dry weather ; it covers an area of
2.^5 acres, and when filled will contain a supply for 13
weeks : the expense to the Bann Company has been
estimated at £20,000. A new quay was lately erected
at Newcastle, to afford shelter to vessels passing the
channel in stormy weather ; the expense was defrayed
by a grant from government, aided by a subscription
from Earl Annesley : it is however at present in great
need of repair.
KILCOOLE, or Aghoole, a parish, in the union of
R.^THDRu.M, barony of Newcastle, county of Wicklow,
and province of Leinster, li mile (E. N. E.) from New-
town-Mount-Kennedy, and on the lower road from
Bray to Wicklow ; containing 2460 inhabitants, of
whom 296 are in the village. It is situated on the east-
ern coast, and originally formed part of the territory
called Crioch Ciialan, the maritime portion of the country
of the O'Byrnes, and subsequently of the district of
Ranelagh, which for more than two centuries has given
the title of Viscount to the family of Jones. The village
comprises 59 houses ; a few are well built, and roofed
with slate, but the greater number are small thatched
dwellings. Annual fairs for live stock are held on
Whit-JIonday and Sept. 4th. On one side of the village
green is a vast mass of clay-slate, called the Rock of
Kilcoole, 149 feet above the sea, interspersed with broad
white veins of quartz, and presenting a singular appear-
ance ; near its base are the ruins of the ancient church,
overspread with ivy, and surrounded by a cemetery, in
which are many memorials of the Coolans and O Bvrnes.
37
The parish comprises 44*6^ statute acres, comprehend-
ing the Downs Hill, where are the ruins of an ancient
church and burial-ground within the demesne of the
late Arthur Hume, Est). The soil varies greatly, but
though in some parts rough and stony, is well adapted
for tillage, producing good crops, and some of the
earliest potatoes brought into the market of Dublin are
raised here. Towards the sea are large tracts of bog,
affording excellent fuel. Numerous streams descending
from the mountains intersect the parish ; the largest of
them is called the Three-Trouts' River. Clay-slate and
marl are found in great quantities ; the former is used
for repairing the roads, and the latter as manure.
Among the gentlemen's seats is Altidore, situated in a
long narrow demesne of pleasing character, to which
have been added the adjoining grounds of Hermitage,
the whole forming an interesting and truly picturesque
demesne ; a deep glen penetrates the hill here, and is
embellished with various kinds of timber, some of which
has attained a remarkable growth, and with a mountain
stream that forms numerous cascades, above which is a
grotto of shells of great variety and beauty. The other
seats are Kilquade House, Spring Farm, Darragh Villa,
Ballygannon, Bromley, Bellefield, Tinny Park, Ballyro-
nane, and Dromin, all beautifully situated in tastefully
disposed grounds, and commanding fine views of the
sea and mountain scenery. Four fairs are held in the
village of the Downs, chiefly for live stock.
The parish is in the diocese of Dublin and Glenda-
lough, and is a rectory and vicarage, forming part of
the union of Delgany : the tithe rent-charge is £201. 15. 3.
The ruins of the old church and cemetery are inclosed
with a stone wall, and part has been converted into a
mausoleum for the Scott family, of Ballygannon. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of
a district called Kilquade and Kilmurry, comprising
also the parishes of Newcastle and Delgany, with parts
of those of Bray and Powerscourt ; there are two
chapels, situated respectively at Kilquade and Kilmurry,
the former a handsome edifice of modern erection,
dedicated to St. Patrick, and the other dedicated to St.
Catharine. Of several schools, two were built by Lady
Harriet Daly, and are supported by Miss Daly. There
are the remains of an old church on the farm of Bally-
horsey ; great numbers of human bones and skeletons
have been dug up in the vicinity. On the demesne of
Holywell is a spring, the water of which is considered
efficacious in ague and palsy.
KILCOOLEY, a parish, in the union of Trim,
barony of Upper Navan, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, li mile (E. by N.) from Trim, on the
road from that place to Navan ; containing 303 inha-
bitants. The parish comprises 2455 statute acres : the
land is principally under tillage, and there is some good
pasturage ; also limestone, which is quarried for building.
Here is a large flour-mill. Rathnally is a handsome
seat, pleasantly situated in a well-planted demesne on
the banks of the Boyne. The parish is in the diocese
of Meath ; the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess
of Drogheda, and the vicarage forms part of the union
of Trim": the tithe rent-charge is £S1, of which £62. 6.
are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilcooley
is considered to be part of the union or district of
Churchtown.
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K I L— C O
KILCOOLEY, or Kilhooly, a parish, in the barony,
union, and county of Roscommon, and province of
CoNNAVGHT, 4 m'iles (S. W. byW.) from Strokestown,
on the road to Frenchpark ; containing 2005 inhabit-
ants. This parish comprises 3476 statute acres, and is
principally under tillage, with some good grazing-land ;
it is in a good state of cultivation, and there is no
waste, and but a small quantity of bog. Limestone of
very fair quality is quarried both for agricultural pur-
poses and for building. Petty-sessions are held every
Wednesday. The parish is in the diocese of Elphin ;
the rectory forms the corps of the prebend of Kilcooley
in the cathedral of Elphin, and the vicarage is part
of the union of Ardclare : the tithe rent-charge is
£S4. 11. 10., the whole payable to the incumbent, one-
half as prebendary and the other as vicar. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a dis-
trict, comprising also the parishes of Killuken and Ogulla,
and containing two chapels ; that of Kilcooley is on the
townland of Cloncullane. A monastery was founded here
by St. Bolcan, or Olcan, but at what period is unknown ;
and there are some remains of ancient forts.
KILCOOLY, a parish, in the union of Loughrea,
barony of Leitrim, county of Galway, and province of
CoxNAUGHT, 4 miles (E.) from Loughrea, on the road
to Eyrecourt ; containing .5*6 inhabitants. It is said
to have been formerly the residence of the celebrated
chieftain Norah Oge, one of the ancestors of the present
family of Clanricarde ; there are still some remains, in
good preservation, of the ancient castle, which appears
to have been a place of formidable strength. The parish
comprises I6l6 statute acres; the lands are in a toler-
able state of cultivation, and there is only a very incon-
siderable portion of bog. It is in the diocese of Clon-
fert ; the rectory is appropriate to the deanery of Clon-
fert, and the vicarage forms part of the union of Kil-
colgan : the tithe rent-charge is £"29. 15. 6., of which
£20. 15. 6. are payable to the dean, and £9 to the vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilcooly forms part of
the union of Leitrim, and contains a chapel.
KILCOOLY, a parish, in the union of Thurles,
partly in the barony of Cranagh, county of Kilkenny,
and province of Leinster, and partly in the barony of
Eliogarty, but chiefly in that of Slievardagh, county
of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 5 miles (S )
from Johnstown ; containing, with the town of New
Birmingham, 4006 inhabitants. Donagh Carbragh
O'Brien, King of Limerick, about 1200, founded an
abbey here for Cistercian monks, which, at the Refor-
mation, was granted to the Earl of Ormond : the ruins
are extensive, and contain a fine east window, and some
handsome tombs of the Ikerrin branch of the Butler
family ; the proprietor, W. Barker, Esq., lately erected
a study, or summer-house, in them. The parish com-
prises 11,508 statute acres, of which the whole is arable
and pasture, except about 300 acres of woodland : lime-
stone abounds, and coal and culm are found on Mr.
Barker's estate. The residence of Kilcooly Abbey stands
in a well-planted demesne of above 1600 statute acres :
on the eastern verge is a tower built to commemorate
the battle of Waterloo, which, being on a high hill,
serves as an excellent landmark. On the hills is a
colony of Palatines, brought from the county of Limerick
about -0 years since, by Sir W. Barker, Bart. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cashel, and in
38
the patronage of the Crown : the tithe rent-charge is
£380. 15. 6. The church is a handsome structure,
built in 1829, by a loan of £2000 from the Board of
First Fruits. There is a glebe-house, for the erection
of which the Board of First Fruits, in IS 18, gave £350
and lent £450 : the glebe comprises 23 acres, for which
£42. 12. per annum late currency are paid by the rector.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part
of the district of Gurtnahoe, or Fennor, and has a
chapel at New Birmingham. There is also a meeting-
house for Wesleyan Methodists. Some ruins exist of
the castle of Grange. — See Birmingham, New.
KILCOONEY, a parish, in the union of Tuam,
barony of Clare, county of Galway, and province of
Connavght, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Headford, and on
Lough Corrib ; containing 1609 inhabitants. It com-
prises 6057 statute acres. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, forming part of the
union of Headford : the tithe rent-charge is £148. 18.
St. Columb is said to have founded an abbey here.
KILCORCORAN, a parish, in the barony of Duhal-
Low, county of Cork, and province of Mxjnster, 2
miles (N. by W.) from Kanturk, on the road to New-
market; containing 532 inhabitants. This parish, which
comprises 1292 statute acres, and consists only of the
townlands of Rossrine and Coolavota, is entirely isolated
by the parish of Kilbrin. It is an impropriate cure, in
the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Dean
and Chapter, of whose economy fund the tithe rent-
charge, amounting to £45, forms a part, and who allow
the perpetual curate of Kanturk a small stipend, £5 per
annum, for performing the occasional duties. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Kanturk, and has a chapel at Coolavota.
The ruins of the ancient church still remain, in the
burial-ground.
KILCORKEY, a parish, in the union and barony
of Castlerea, county of Roscommon, and province of
Connaught, 2 miles (S. E.) from Frenchpark, and on
the mail-coach road from Longford to Ballina ; con-
taining 3076 inhabitants. It comprises 9090 statute
acres, consisting of gently rising grounds intermixed
with bogs, and including some excellent pasture ; the
land on the banks of the streams that flow into Lough
Gara produces rank grass, from being frequently in-
undated. Limestone, freestone, and sandstone are ob-
tained. It is in the diocese of Elphin ; the rectory was
till lately part of the corps of the precentorship, and the
vicarage of the archdeaconry : the tithe rent-charge is
£67. 10., and was equally divided between the precentor
and the archdeacon. The Roman Catholic parish is
co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and
has a chapel at Belanagare. Here are the ruins of a
church, and of several raths. — See Belanagare.
KILCORMUCK, King's co.— See Frankford.
KILCORMUCK, a parish, in the union of Ennis-
coRTHY, partly in the barony of Gorey, but chiefly in
that of Ballaghkeen, county of Wexford, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 2 miles (N. N. W.) from Oulart, and
on the roads from Enuiscorthy and Ferns to the sea ;
containing 2743 inhabitants. The W^exford insurrection
of 1798 broke out in this parish, under the direction of
the Rev John Murphy, priest of Boulavogue, who, on
the burning of the chapel at that place by the loyalists,
collected his forces from the surrounding district, and
K I L— C O
K I L— C O
advanced to Oulart Hill, where he encamped. The
parish comprises 10,055 statute acres, chiefly under
tillage ; the soil is fertile, and the system of agriculture
has been greatly improved under the auspices of the
North Wexford Agricultural Association. Marl, which
is found in the parish, and lime brought from a con-
siderable distance, are used for manure. Oulart Hill,
at the southern extremity of Kilcormuck, is cultivated
nearly to the summit, but the absorbent nature of the
soil scarcely repays the expense of tillage. There are
two bogs, containing about 20 acres ; good building-
stone is found ; and slate has been discovered. Exten-
sive plantations have been made at Mount George by
Mr. Lee, and at GarryduflF by Mr. Goodison. At
Dranagh arc several neat cottages with gardens attached,
and the peasantry of this district generally exhibit in
their persons and dwellings an appearance of neatness
and comfort. Spinning and weaving are carried on by
them at their own homes. Fairs are held at Harrow-
on March '21st, June 24th, Sept. ;iOth, and Dec. 1st.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, and in
the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£394. 12. The church, a neat structure, was rebuilt in
1766, by aid of a gift of £200, and was enlarged and
modernised in 1831, by a loan of £600, from the late
Board of First Fruits. The glebe-house was built in
1804, at an expense of £1800, of which the Board gave
£100 : near the church is a glebe of 24 acres. In the
Roman Catholic divisions this parish is partly in the
district of Monageer, and partly in that of Oulart : the
chapel is at Boulavogue.
KILCORNAN, a parish, in the union of Rathkf.ale,
barony of Kenry, county of Limerick, and province of
MuNSTER, 1 mile (W.) from Pallas-Kenry ; on the river
Shannon, and the lower road to Askeaton ; containing
3856 inhabitants. This place was one of the chief sta-
tions, in this part of Ireland, of the Danes, who in 1041
erected a very strong fortress near the present village of
Castletown ; and the Danish chieftain, having soon after-
wards embraced the Christian faith, built a church near
the fort of Moige. In 1 164 another castle was erected,
which eventually fell into the hands of the O'Donovans,
by whom it was given up to the English ; it afterwards
became part of the possessions of the Earl of Desmond,
on who.*e rebellion in the reign of Elizabeth it was
forfeited, together with the manor, and was granted to
Sir Hardress Waller, ancestor of the present proprietor.
In the war of the 17th century, it was garrisoned for
the king, but was taken the year following by the Irish
under the command of General Purcell, who kept pos-
session of it till its surrender to Ireton, by whom it was
garrisoned for Cromwell. The parish comprises 9346
statute acres : towards the Shannon the lands are fertile
and under good cultivation, but towards the south
much encumbered with stones scattered in every direc-
tion, and with portions of rock rising above the surface ;
they are, notwithstanding, well fenced and drained, and
the whole forms one of the most fertile and best cul-
tivated districts in the south of Ireland. The principal
seats are, Castletown, the elegant residence of the
Waller family, beautifully situated in a richly wooded
demesne of 200 Irish acres, sloping gently to the river ;
Holly Park, the ancient residence of the Taylor family,
now the property of Sir Vere Edmoud de Vere, Bart. ;
Summerville, the ancient seat of Lord Charleville ; Castle
39
Grey ; Stonehall ; and Bushy Island. There are many
large and substantial farmhouses, and several very neat
cottages.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Limerick,
and in the patronage of the Waller family : the tithe rent-
charge is £484. 12. The church, a spacious and handsome
edifice with a lofty embattled tower, was built, entirely
of hewn marble, in 1832, at an expense of £1500, of
which £800 were a loan from the late Board of First
Fruits, and the remainder a gift from the late J. Waller,
Esq., who also undertook to repay the loan. The glebe-
house is a very commodious residence, built in 1810,
by the then incumbent ; and the glebe comprises 60
acres of profitable land. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions this parish is the head of a district called Stone-
hall and Cappagh, comprising also the parishes of Cap-
pagh and Nantiiian ; the old chapel is in the village of
Stonehall, and a handsome chapel of hewn marble was
built at Boherbuie, in 1832, at the expense of the late
J. Waller, Esq. The two public schools of this parish
are supported by the Rev. William Waller. Of the
castle built by the Danes nothing is now remaining,
and of that subsequently erected the vestiges are very
slight. In the south-western part of the parish are
some fragments of the castle of Carrigonan ; and on the
new line of road, near Holly Park, are the interesting
ruins of the old church or priory of Killeen. Not far
from Carrigonan are the remains of the small church of
Cillenalotor, 12 feet long and S feet wide, lighted by
one narrow lancet window in the east gable, and having
a very low pointed entrance on the west. Near Stone-
hall are some small but interesting lakes, on the shores
of which are vestiges of ancient buildings.
KILCORNAN, or Kilcoran, a parish, in the barony
of Clanwilliam, union and county of Tipperary, and
province of Minster, 5^ miles (W. N. \V.) from Tippe-
rary; containing 631 inhabitants. The parish com-
prises 1157 statute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese
of Emly, forming part of the union of Druinkcen and
corps of the archdeaconry of Emly : the tithe rent-
charge is £39. 17. 6.
KILCORNEY, or Kilcornane, a parish, in the
barony of Burren, union of Ennistymon, county of
Clare, and province of Minster, S miles (N. N. E.)
from Curofin, and near the road from Kilfenora to Bal-
lyvaughau ; containing 330 inhabitants. The parish
comprises 3352^ statute acres. The living is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilfenora, united from
time immemorial to the rectories and vicarages of Kil-
heny and Oughtmanna, together constituting the union
of Kilcorney and corps of the chancellorship of Kilfenora,
in the gift of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £15, and of the whole union £123. 15. There
is neither church nor glebe-house, but a glebe of 14 acres.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part
of the district of Carmne. The ruins of the ancient
church still remain, in the burial-ground. Near the
village is a remarkable cave, the mouth of which is
level with the ground : from the interior of this cave,
which is of considerable extent, water is occasionally
spouted into the air to a great height, and inundates the
plain, although it is at some distance from any river or
lake, and nearly six miles from the sea.
KILCORNEY, a parish, in the union of Macroom,
barony of West Mcskerry, county of Cork, and pro-
K I L— C R
vince of Munster, 3 miles (E. S. E.), from Millstreet,
on the Bogra road to Cork; containing I76I inhabit-
ants, and comprising SS36 statute acres. Of this area
3474 acres consist of good arable land, and the re-
mainder of mountain pasture. In 1651, a desperate
battle was fought at Knockbrack, or Knockiclashy, on
the borders of this parish, between the parliamentary
forces under Lord Broghill and those commanded by
Lord Muskerry. Towards the south and south-east
the parish is mountainous, and on the east borders on
the Bogra moors : good building-stone is found in seve-
ral places. Kilcoruey House is an old mansion to
■which was formerly attached an extensive and finely
wooded demesne. The living is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £110. 14. 6. There is
neither church nor glebe-house, but a glebe of about
12 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Clonmeen : the chapel, a
plain edifice, is situated on the road to Cork. Some
vestiges of the old church still exist, in the burial-
ground.
KILCOWAN, or Kilcoan, a parish, in the barony
of Barge, union and county of Wexford, and province
of Leinster, 10 miles (S. VV. by S.) from Wexford, and
on the lough formed by the burrow of Ballyteigue ;
containing 492 inhabitants. This parish comprises
20S2| statute acres : the land, which is chiefly in til-
lage, is partly manured with sea-weed, procured from
the lough, and partly with lime, quarries of good lime-
stone being worked on the townland of Baldwinstown.
Some neat cottages have lately been erected in the
village of Baldwinstown by Joseph Swan, Esq. Kil-
cowan is in the diocese of Ferns ; the rectory is impro-
priate in the representatives of W. Bell, Esq., and the
vicarage forms part of the union of Mulrankin. The
tithe rent-charge is £121. 18. 8., of which £83. 18. 8.
are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Rathangan. Near the
village is the castle of Baldwinstown, consisting of a
lofty tower, about 30 feet square, the walls of which at
the base measure nearly 13 feet in thickness.
KILCOWANMORE, a parish, in the union of
Enxiscorthy, barony of Bantry, county of Wexford,
and province of Leinster, .5 miles (S. W.) from Ennis-
corthy, on the road to Ballyhack ; containing 703 in-
habitants, and comprising 2760| statute acres. It is
an impropriate cure in the diocese of Ferns, held with
that of Clongcen, and in the patronage of F. Leigh,
Esq., in whom the rectory is impropriate : the tithe
rent-charge, amounting to £52. 10., is entirely payable
to Mr. Leigh, who allows a stipend of £5 to the curate
of Clonmore for discharging the occasional duties.
There is no church.
KILCREAGH, an ancient parish, in the barony of
Nethercross, poor-law union of Balrothery, county
of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (N. E.)
from Swords ; the population is included in the return
for Donabate, into which this parish has merged. It is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, incorporated with
Donabate, and in the patronage of the Archbishop ;
the rectory is appropriate to the economy fund of St.
Patrick's cathedral : the tithes are included with those
of Donabate. The church, which was small, is in ruins.
40
K I L— C R
KILCREDAN, a parish, in the union of Midleton,
barony of Imokilly, county of Cork, and province of
Munster, 5 miles (S. E.) from Castlemartyr ; contain-
ing 620 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on
the south by the Atlantic Ocean, comprises 1014 statute
acres. The northern part is very hilly, and the soil
shallow, resting on a substratum of clay-slate ; but
from the vicinity of the sea, whence abundance of sea-
weed and sand is procured for manure, it is rendered
tolerably productive. In other parts the land is of
good quality, and in an excellent state of cultivation,
and at Ballycrenan considerable improvements in agri-
culture are in progress ; about three-fourths of the
parish are in tillage, and the remainder in grazing-
farms, with some rough pasture. From its situation
about midway between Cable Island and Ballycotton
bay, and from its fine beach of sand extending in a
bold semicircular sweep for nearly four miles, this place
is much resorted to for sea-bathing. At Ballycienan
is a coast-guard station belonging to the district of
Youghal. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Cloyne, episcopally united to those of Kilmacdonough
and Garryvoe, forming the union of Kilcredan, in the
patronage of the Crown; the rectory forms part of the
union of Lisgold and corps of the precentorship in the
cathedral of Cloyne. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £90, of which £60 are payable to the pre-
centor, and £30 to the vicar ; the aggregate tithe of
the union of the vicar is £341. 6. 6. The church,
erected in 1636, has been lately rebuilt ; it contains
some monuments to the Tynte family, formerly pro-
prietors of the castle. There is no glebe-house ; the
Kilcredan glebe comprises 1 1 acres, and there are two
other glebes in the union, of 10 acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the dis-
trict of Ladies- bridge. The parochial male and female
schools, in which are about 120 children, are supported
by Captain Hoare (who gives the house rent-free), Mrs.
B. Fitzgerald, B. J. M. Praed, Esq., and the vicar. The
fine ruins of Ballycrenan Castle occupy an eminence at
a short distance from the coast, commanding an in-
teresting view of the sea and the beautiful bay of Bally-
cotton : this castle was built by the Carew family early
in the 15th century, and was destroyed in 1641 ; it was
afterwards restored, and occupied till 1798. The Wallis
family, who purchased it soon after the abdication of
James II., were the last occupiers.
KILCREDANE, or Kilshideen (commonly called
Kilkneedan), a parish, in the union of Killarney,
barony of INIagonihy, county of Kerry, and province
of Munster, 4^ miles (N. byW.) from Killarney, on
the old road to Tralee ; containing 764 inhabitants, and
comprising 2486 statute acres, mostly in tillage and of
good quality. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert
and Aghadoe, forming part of the union of MolahifFe ;
the rectory is impropriate in W. Talbot Crosbie, Esq.
The tithe rent-charge is £55. *., payable in equal por-
tions to the impropriator and the vicar : the townlands
of East and AVest Inchicarriganes and Aughnablaha pay
half tithes with the parish of Kilcummin. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions, Kilcredane forms part of the
district of Fieries ; the chapel, at Ballyhar, is a modern
building. On an eminence overhanging the Gheestan
river, which bounds the parish on the north-east, are
the ruins of the old church.
K I L— C R
K I L-C R
KILCROAN, a parish, in the union of Castlerea,
barony ol" Ballymoe, county of Galway, and province
of CoNNAU(;iiT, 11 miles (N. W. by W.) from Roscom-
mon, on the road from that place to Dunmore ; con-
taining^lTH inhabitants. This parish comprises ""Ol,;
statute acres, including a large quantity of bog. The
chief seats are, Gliusk, that of Sir John J. Burke,
Bart. ; Dundermott ; Roseberry ; and Turla. It is a
xicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, forming part of the
union of Donamon ; the rectory is impropriate in Lord
Ranelagh, and the tithe rent-charge is £80. '2., which is
equally divided between the impropriator and the vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilcroan is the head
of a district called Gliiisk and Kilcroan, including the
parishes of Kilcroan, Ballynakill, Ardclare, and Oran,
and containing chapels at Glinsk and Ballymoe. Here
are the ruins of an ancient church, and at Tubberroe
are the remains of an abbey.
KILCROHANE, or Mvveentervawra, an ancient
parish, in the union of Bantry, West division of the
barony of West Carbery, county of Cork, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, about 10 miles (S. W.) from Bantry,
and on the southern coast ; containing 4S.">6 inhabit-
ants. This district, which was a separate parish until
the year 1*9'^, when it was united by act of council
with the western division of the parish of Durrus, is
situated between the bays of Dunmanus and Bantry,
and forms a peninsula terminating in Sheep's Head ; it
comprises 14,588 statute acres, whereof 10,5'26 are
mountain, 166" coarse pasturage, 'iViS arable, 260 good
pasture land, and about 10 acres bog. The soil is
generally rocky and unproductive, and much of the
land is uncultivated ; the exposed situation of the dis-
trict between the bays lays it open to the full force of
the westerly and north-westerly winds, and is unfavour-
able to agricultural improvement. A ridge of moun-
tains of clay-slate intersects the district from east to
west. On a high point near the western e.\tremity is a
signal tower communicating with those of Bere Island
and Three-Castle Head. There are some small lakes.
Manganese is found in different places ; and there are
indications of copper-ore, and abundance of slate of
good quality ; but no attempt yet made to work either
the manganese or copper has produced any very profit-
able return. At Gurtavallig, however, on the north
coast, a mine has been lately opened, which is said to
afford great promise; and the slate-quarries are uort'
beginning to return some considerable profit. The gen-
tlemen's residences are, Donovan's Cove, Fort Lodge,
and two picturesque cottages. Sheep's Head is situated
in 51° 32' (N. Lat.) and 9° 39' (W. Lon.), and is four
miles (N.N. E.) from ThrceCastle Head ; between them
is the entrance into Dunmanus bay. The parish is in
the diocese of Cork. There is a small glebe of h^ acres,
on which stand the ruins of the old church surrounded
by the churchyard : the present church is nearly in the
centre of the union of Durrus-Kilcrohane. See Durrus.
On the shore of Dunmanus bay are the ruins of the
ancient castle of the O'Donovans, built in the 16th
century ; and there are also in the district some re-
mains of a building said to have been a college or school
of learning.
KILCROHANE, a parish, in the union of Ken-
mare, barony of Dunkerron, county of Kerry, and
province of Munster, 14 miles (S. W.) from Kenmare;
Vol. II.— 41
containing 10,776 inhabitants. This parish is situated
on the northern shore of the great river or bay of Ken-
mare, along which it extends nearly 14 miles. It is
bounded on the east by the river Blackwater, on the
west by the bay of Ballinaskelligs, and on the north by
a range of lofty mountains which separate it from the
barony of Iveragh ; it comprises 63,702 statute acres,
the greater part of which consists of rocky mountain
pasture, waste, and bog, there being but a very small
portion in tillage, and that chiefly for potatoes, for which
sea-manure is used. The land is usually computed by
gneeves, of which there are 76S. Nearly in the centre
of the parish, an inlet in the bay of Kenmare receives
the river Sneem, and forms the harbour of that name,
where vessels of considerable size may lie securely when
not exposed to south-western gales. The western ex-
tremity of the parish terminates in the peninsula called
Hog Head, which forms the southern side of the bay of
Ballinaskelligs. Along the shore in Kenmare bay are
several islands, the principal of which is Rossmore ; and
about a league off the western shore are those of Scariff
and Dinish, generally called the Hog Islands. There
was till lately but one main line of road through the
parish ; but a new line has been constructed from
Sneem to the pass of Cameduff, where it meets the new
road between Killarney and Kenmare about midway.
Several of the inhabitants, including some of the small
farmers, are occasionally employed in the fishery of the
bay, on which they partly depend for their support ;
but it is expected that the new road from Sneem will
tend materially to develop the agricultural resources of
this wild and mountainous district. The bogs, which
are deep and extensive, were surveyed about 40 years
since, by Mr. Nimmo, who reported to the government
that the greater part of them were capable of being
drained and brought into cultivation at a moderate ex-
pense. On the summit of the mountain called Fina-
bagough, 1200 feet above the level of the sea, is an ex-
tensive tract of common, where cattle are grazed during
the summer months. The seats are, Derrynane, the resi-
dence of Daniel OConnell, Esq., M. P.; Derriquin; Holly-
wood ; Aska ; and Castle Cove. Derrynane, sometimes
called Derrynane or Darrynane Abbey, from its prox-
imity to the ruins of the ancient monastery of that
name, is situated near the shore of the Atlantic, at the
western extremity of the parish ; it is an extensive
but irregular pile of building, partly in the castellated
style, and has been much enlarged by the proprietor,
who has also greatly improved the approaches, and ex-
tended the shrubberies and plantations as far as the
situation, so much exposed to the western gales, will
allow. The surrounding scenery, which is of the most
wild and romantic description, is terminated on the
north by a range of rugged and lofty mountains, from
the summit of which an extensive view of the western
coast is obtained, embracing the entrances to the bays
of Bantry and Kenmare, the bay of Ballinaskelligs,
Dursey Island, and the Skellig Isles. The house of
Derriquin, also partly castellated, is situated in a finely
wooded demesne on the bay of Kenmare, which is here
studded with small islands. The prostrate juniper is
found on the shore at this place. A receiving house for
letters in connexion with Cahirciveen has been esta-
blished at Ballybrack, and is of great benefit to the
inhabitants of the district.
G
K I L— C R
The LiviN'G is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Ardfcrt and Aghadoe, united prior to any existing
record to the rectory and vicarage of Templenoe, and in
the patronage of the Crown : the tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £193. 17-, and of the whole union
£285. 11. 6. The parish church, at Sneem, is a plain
structure, erected in 1810, by a gift of £600 from the
Board of First Fruits ; there is a church also at Tem-
plenoe. The glebe-house was built in 1817 by a gift of
£150, and a loan of £4'20, from the same Board; the
glebe comprises 13 acres, subject to a rent of £30. In
the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms two
separate districts : the eastern, called Ballybog, contains
the chapels of Sneem and Thahilla ; and the western,
called Derrj-nane, those of Derrynane and Lohurt. The
chapel at Sneem is a large plain building ; that at
Derrynane is a neat modern edifice, erected at the joint
expense of the late General Daniel Count O'Connell,
Mr. O'Connell, and Mr. Hartop. The parochial school
at Sneem is supported by Mr. Bland, of Derriquin, and
the incumbent ; a school held in Sneem chapel is chiefly
supported by the priest ; and a free school at Derrynane
by a bequest of £ 1 0 per annum from the late Count
O'Connell (at whose expense the school-house, a neat
building, was erected), and by annual donations from
Mr. O'Connell and Mr. Hartop.
The ruins of Aghamore or Derrijnane Abbey, founded
in the seventh century by the monks of St. Finbarr,
Cork, for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine,
stand on a peninsula which becomes insulated at spring
tides, and has therefore acquired the name of " Abbey
Island. " A portion of the walls has been washed away
by the violence of the waves, but the remains are still
considerable, and the eastern window nearly entire.
Here is the family vault of the O'Connells. At Coode
are the ruins of the old church ; and on a hill about a
mile from it is a curious hermitage, hewn out of the
solid rock, and said to have belonged to St. Crohane,
the patron saint of the parish. At Cahirdaniel are the
remains of a large fortification, consisting of a rampart
seven feet high, constructed of large stones, and attri-
buted to the Danes ; and at Moneij Fluch are those of a
similar one. But one of the most remarkable ancient
structures in Ireland is Staigue Fort, which is generally
considered to be unique. It stands on a low hill nearly
in the centre of an amphitheatre of barren mountains,
open from the south to the bay of Kenmare, from which
it is about a mile and a half distant. The building,
■which is nearly of a circular form, is constructed of the
ordinary stone of the country, but bears no mark what-
ever of a tool, having been evidently erected before
masonry became a regular art. The only entrance is
by a doorway barely five feet high, through a wall up-
wards of 13 feet thick, which opens into an area of
about 90 feet in diameter. The circumference is divided
into a series of compartments of steps, or seats, ascend-
ing to the top of the surrounding wall, in the form of
the letter X, and in two of these compartments are
entrances to cells constructed in the centre of the wall.
The average height of the wall on the outside is 18 feet,
battering as it rises by a curve, which produces a very
singular effect : the wall also batters on the inside, so
as to be reduced from about 13 feet at the bottom to 7
at the top. On the outside the stones are small, and
the joints are so filled with splinters of stone as not to
42
K I L— C U
be removed without violence. The fort is surrounded
by a broad fosse. 'Various conjectures have been formed
as to its origin and use, the most probable of which
appears to be, that it was erected as a place of refuge
for the inhabitants and their cattle from the sudden
inroads of the pirates of former times. — See Black-
water, DiNisH, ScARiFF, and Sneem.
KILCRONAGHAN, a parish, in the union of
Magherafelt, barony of Loughinsholin, county of
Londonderry, and province of Ulster ; containing,
with the post-town of Tubbermore, 4345 inhabitants. It
comprises 7992f statute acres, and includes some of
the richest portions of the valley of the Mayola, the
principal part of which is pasture ; there are also above
500 acres of mountain land in pasture. Great quan-
tities of reddish limestone and much valuable freestone
are quarried, some of which is exported from Portbally-
ronan : here are likewise some thin seams of coal. The
principal seat is Fort-WiUiam. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of Derry, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £'26'2. 10. The church
is a small and old building, and has near the commu-
nion-table a beautiful niche in the Norman style, which
was part of the original edifice : the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners lately granted £13'2 for the repair of this
church. The glebe-house, which adjoins it, was built
in 1794, at a cost of £600: the glebe contains 184
acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish
forms part of the district of Desartmartin, and has a
chapel at Keenaght. There is a meetinghouse for
Presbyterians at Tubbermore ; it was built in 1728, and
is in connexion with the General Assembly. There is
also a meeting-house for Independents in the town. Dr.
Adam Clarke, the celebrated biblicist, was born at Moy-
beg, in this parish. — See Tubbermore.
KILCRUMPER, a parish, partly in the barony of
Fermoy, but chiefly in that of Condons and Clongib-
BONs, union of Fermoy, county of Cork, and province
of Munster, at the junction of the rivers Funcheon and
Blackwater, and nearly adjoining the town of Kilwortb;
containing I'i'iS inhabitants, and comprising 3516 sta-
tute acres. The land is in general of a good quality, and
chiefly under tillage : limestone and brownstone abound,
and are worked to a considerable extent for manure and
building. At Araglyn are extensive woollen-mills for
the manufacture of broad-cloth. The parish is in the
diocese of Cloyne ; the rectory is impropriate in Messrs.
E. & B. Norcott, and the vicarage forms part of the
union of Kilworth ; the tithe rent-charge, amounting to
£330. '2., is payable in equal portions to the impropria-
tors and the vicar. The glebe-house of the union,
which is in Kilcrumper, was built in 1821, at an ex-
pense exceeding £2000, of which £100 were a gift and^
£1300 a loan from the Board of First Fruits; it is
beautifully situated on an eminence peninsulated by the
Araglyn, the Funcheon, and the Blackwater, and com-
mands one of the most luxuriant and picturesque scenes
in the county : the glebe contains 44 acres. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly included
in the district of Kilworth, but chiefly in that of Fermoy.
On a rocky eminence overhanging the Funcheon are the
extensive remains of the castellated mansion of Bally-
hindon.
KILCULLANE, barony of Small County, county
of Limerick. — See Kilkellane.
K I L-C U
KILCULLEX, a parish, in the union of Naas,
barony of Kilcullen, county of Kildahe, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 8 miles (S. S. W.) from Naas, and
on the coach-road from Dublin to Athy and Carlow ;
containing 30'20 inhabitants. This place, which since
the erection of the new town of Kiluullen-Bridge, has
been called Old KilcuUen, derived its name from the
foundation of a church and monastery in the district of
Coulan, of which St. Patrick appointed St. Isernine
bishop ; Isernine died in 469, and was succeeded by St.
Mactalius. The monastery, and the town which grew
up around it, were plundered repeatedly by the Danes,
between the years 883 and 1037; but when the En-
glish obtained a settlement in the country, the town was
fortified, and greatly increased in importance. Soon
after the invasion, a castle was erected here by the Fitz-
martins, which eventually became the property of the
Fitz-Eustace family, of whom Thomas Fitz-Eustace,
afterwards Viscount Baltinglass, was created Baron of
Kilculleu by Henry VIII. Previously to the year 1319,
the town was surrounded with strong walls and de-
fended by seven gates ; but Maurice Jaques having in
that year built a bridge over the river Liffey, about two
miles from this place, the town of KilcuUen-Bridge
began rapidly to increase, and the ancient town to de-
cline. During the civil war the castle was garrisoned
for the parliamentarians, in 1641, but was taken two
years afterwards by the Marquess of Ormonde. In the
same year, the commissioners appointed to treat for a
cessation of hostilities assembled here, but afterwards
adjourned to Jigginstown, near Naas ; and in 1647 the
castle was taken and burnt by the parliamentarians.
In the disturbances of 1798, a large number of the in-
surgents posted themselves in the churchyard, on the
summit of a very steep hill, and Captains Erskine and
Cookes, who advanced to dislodge them, were killed in
the attempt, and their party repulsed. The insurgents
afterwards assembled in great numbers on the heights
above the town, from which, however, they were driven
with great loss by General Dundas, who was stationed
here ; and several thousands of them subsequently sur-
rendered to him on the hill of Knockawlin, about a mile
distant, where they had occupied an intrenched camp.
The town, which stood on a bleak eminence in a very
commanding position, is now only an insignificant vil-
lage ; its market, which belongs by patent to the Rev.
Thomas O'Moore, has been removed to Kilcullen-Bridge,
and fairs only are now held here on June 22nd and
Oct. 2nd.
The parish comprises 7344f statute acres, of which
more than four-fifths are in tillage, and the remainder,
with the e.\ception of a small portion of woodland
and exhausted bog, is in pasture. The soil is fertile,
and the lands are in a high state of cultivation ; the
system of agriculture has, within the last 15 years, been
very greatly improved, and the surrounding scenery is
pleasingly diversified. Castle-Martin, an elegant resi-
dence, occupies the site of the ancient castle of the Fitz-
Martins, near Kilcullen-Bridge : the present mansion
was occupied by the kings troops as a barrack, in 1798;
it is surrounded with a highly improved and richly
wooded demesne. Halverstown, another seat, is finely
situated in the midst of extensive and thriving planta-
tions, which, covering an elevated part of the demesne,
are a great ornament to a large tract of country around.
43
K I L_C U
The LIVING is a vicarage (otherwise called a perpetual
curacy), in the diocese of Dublin, united, in 1833, to
the impropriate curacies of Davidstown, Giltown, and
Brannickstown, together forming the benefice of Kil-
cuUen ; the rectory is chiefly united to the half rectory
of Glasnevin, together constituting the corps of the
chancellorship of the cathedral of Christ Church, Dublin,
in the patronage of the Crown. The tithe rent-charge
is £249. ■">. 6., of which £148 are payable to the chan-
cellor, and £73. 5. 6. to the perpetual curate. The
church, for the erection of which, in 181,^, the late
Board of First Fruits granted a loan of £1000, has
lately undergone enlargement, which renders it cruci-
form, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners having granted
£238 towards the expense. Divine service is also per-
formed during the summer in a school-house at Calverts-
town. The glebe-house is a neat residence, built in
1824, by a gift of £450 and a loan of £50 from the
Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 20 acres.
The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of
the Established Church : there is a chapel at Gormans-
town, and also at New Abbey ; the latter stands within
the cemetery, and is built partly with the materials, of
the ancient abbey, some of the ornamental sculptures of
which are preserved in the present building. Nev^■
Abbey was founded in 1460 for Franciscans of the Strict
Observance, by Sir Roland Fitz-Eustace, many years
lord chancellor and treasurer of Ireland. After its
dissolution it was granted, in 1582, by Queen Elizabeth
to the poet Spenser: and though the tower fell in 1764,
and a great portion of the materials was used in build-
ing the Roman Catholic chapel, the ruins are still highly
interesting. The tomb of the founder and his lady is
still visible in the churchyard, but so deeply sunk in
the ground that the inscription, ascribing the foundation
of the abbey to Roland Fitz-Eustace, who died Dec.
19tb, 1496, can with difficulty be read. In the church-
yard at Old Kilcullen are the remains of a slender cir-
cular tower, and the erect shaft of an ancient cross
divided into compartments, each containing an emblem-
atical sculpture.
KILCLiLLEN-BRIDGE, a market and post town,
partly in the parish of Car.nalloway, barony of Sovth
Naas, but chietly in the parish and barony of Kilcul-
len, county of Kildare, and province of Leinster, B^
miles (S. by W.) from Naas, and 21 (S. W.) from Dublin ;
containing 1056 inhabitants. This town had its origin
in the erection of a bridge over the river Litfey, in 1319.
from which period it continued gradually to increase, so
that it at length totally superseded the ancient town of
Kilcullen, the market of which has been removed to this
place. It is two miles to the east of the former town,
and within a short distance of the great Bog of Allen,
and consists of one street containing 187 houses; it lies
chiefly on the western bank of the river, and is ade-
quately supplied with water : the bridge has a venerable
and interesting appearance, and not far from the eastern
end of it is a large rath. The market is on Saturday,
and is well supplied ; fairs are held on Feb. 2nd, March
25th, June 22nd, Sept. Sth and 29th, Oct. 2nd, and Dec.
8th. A constabulary police station has been established
here ; and petty-sessions are held every Friday. There
are a dispensary, and a fever hospital.
KILCULLIIIEEX,orKiLCLOHEEN,a parish, partly
in the city of Wateuford, but chiefly in the barony of
G2
K 1 L— C U
K I L— CU
Gaultier, union and county of Waterford, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, li mile (E. N. E.) from Waterford ;
containing 1515 inhabitants. It comprises 'i'^SS statute
acres, of which about 7'29 are in tillage, and I'ipS in
pasture ; and was originally part of the county of Kil-
kenny, but by grant of Charles I. was transferred to
Waterford, with the main portion of which city it is
connected by a wooden-bridge over the Suir from Ferry
bank. Near the bridge is a large ship-building establish-
ment. The principal seats are, New Park, the residence
of the Rev. Sir John Newport, Bart. ; Belmont House,
of Sir H. Winston Barron, Bart. ; Killaspy ; Rockshire ;
and Sion Lodge. The parish is in the diocese of Ossory ;
the rectory is impropriate in the corporation of Water-
ford, and the vicarage has been united from time imme-
morial to the rectory of Muckalee. The tithe rent-
charge is £S2. 10., of which £48. 15. are payable to the
impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar. The
church was built in 18'2.'5, by aid of a loan of £900 from
the late Board of First Fruits, and has been repaired by
a grant of £300 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
There is neither glebe nor glebe-house. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Slieruagh, and contains a chapel. In 1151,Dermot
Mac Murrough, King of Leinster, founded a nunnery
here as a cell to that of St. Mary de Hogges, near Dub-
lin, and it was afterwards richly endowed by King John
and David Fitz-Milo : it was sometimes called the Nun-
nery De Bello Portu, and at the Dissolution was granted
to the corporation of Waterford.
KILCULLY, a parish, in the union, barony, and
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 2^^ miles (N.)
from Cork, on the road from that city to Kealavollen ;
containing 488 inhabitants. It comprises 1*60 statute
acres, and consists principally of dairy-farms : the land
is based upon clay-slate, and is generally fertile and well
cultivated. Here is a very large flour-mill. The living,
which was lately suppressed, was a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Cork, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £90. Divine service is
at present performed in a house licensed by the bishop ;
but a church is in course of erection, partly by grant
from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, who now hold
the living. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Upper Glanraire. Here are
some remains of the old church, and not far distant are
the ruins of Rahinisky Castle.
KILCUMMER, a parish, in the union and barony of
Fermoy, county of Cork, and province of Munster,
li mile (S. E. byS.) from Castletowu-Roche ; on the
road from Mallow to Fermoy, and on the rivers Awbeg
and Blackwater ; containing 783 inhabitants, and com-
prising 2613 statute acres. The land, with the excep-
tion of the portion on the south side of the Blackwater,
forming part of the Nagle mountains, is of medium
quality, and chiefly in tillage. Fairs are held on the
21st of April, July, Sept., and Dec, for cattle and pigs.
Renny was formerly part of the estate, and the occa-
sional rei-idence, of the poet Spenser ; it is finely situated
at the junction of the Awbeg with the Blackwater, and
some vestiges of the old castle of Renny still exist near
the present house. At a short distance from this place
the Awbeg is crossed by the long bridge of Kilcummer,
and near the high road leading to the bridge are the
ruins of the ancient church. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage
of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £99. There is
neither church, glebe-house, nor glebe ; but a small
church erected in Bridgetown parish is intended for the
use of the inhabitants of this parish also. In the Roman
Catholic divisions Kilcummer forms part of the district
of Castletown-Roche.
KILCUMMIN, a parish, in the barony of Moycul-
LiN, union and county of Galway, and province of
CoNNAUGHT; Containing, with the post-town of Ough-
terard, 10,824 inhabitants. It comprises 108,791 statute
acres, of which 10,281:|: are in Lough Corrib ; and in-
cludes within its limits several islands. The principal
seats are Lemonfield, Port Carrin, Ardvarn, Clareville,
and Lodge. The living is a perpetual cure, in the dio-
cese of Tuam, united to those of Rahoon, Moycullen,
and Ballinacourty, and in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the rectory is partly impropriate in T. B. Martin, Esq.,
and partly forms a portion of the union of St. Nicholas
and wardenship of Galway. The tithe rent-charge is
£105, one-half of which is payable to the impropriator,
one-fourth to the warden of Galway, and one-fourth to
the perpetual curate. The church, in Oughterard, is a
small neat building, for the erection of which the late
Board of First Fruits gave £600, in 1810. For the
erection of the glebe-house, the same Board, in 1817,
gave £450 and lent £50 : the glebe comprises 16 acres.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is partly in
the diocese of Galway, and partly in that of Tuam : the
former portion is called Oughterard, from the chapel
being at that place ; the latter is united to part of Kil-
lanin, forming the union or district of Killeen, in which
are three chapels. The town of Galway and a large
portion of the adjoining country are supplied with turf
from the district that stretches along the headlands of
Kilkerrin and Greatman's bays, in this parish ; and the
inhabitants of the interior, through the medium of
Lough Corrib, are hence supplied with sea-sand and sea-
weed for manure. Several hundred boats are constantly
employed in the conveyance of these articles, and during
the intervals between the fishing seasons many of the
fishing-boats are similarly occupied. From this place
to Galway there are two sailing courses ; one by the
bay of Kilkerrin round Galin Head, where there is a
tremendous sea with strong currents ; the other by
Greatman's bay, by which vessels may keep in smooth
water within the islands. This passage is, however,
obstructed by the rocky pass of Dangan, which can only
be sailed through at high tide, so that 200 boats are
sometimes waiting for a passage. To remedy this evil,
it was lately proposed to clear that channel and construct
piers, which would render the passage easy at most
heights of the tide. The estimated expense of this great
improvement was only £480. 3., and the Board of Public
Works recommended that half should be paid by go-
vernment. A pier has been erected by the Fishery
Board on the north-east side of Garomna Island, in
Greatman's bay. — See Oughterard.
KILCUMMIN, a parish, in the union of Killarney,
barony of Magonihy, county of Kerry, and province
of Munster, 4^ miles (N. E.) from Killarney, on the
roads from that town to Castleisland and Millstreet ;
containing 7360 inhabitants, and comprising 38,953
statute acres. A considerable portion consists of moun-
tain pasture, bog, and coarse arable laud. The soil is
K I L— C U
K I L— D A
in general heavy ; but in consequence of an abundant
supply of lime, the state of agriculture lias of late been
much improved. The quarry at Carrigdulkeen, isolated
in the midst of an extensive district of mountain and
bog, produces a fine blue limestone, equally adapted for
building and manure, and is worked to a large extent,
there being no other within a circuit of several miles.
A court is occasionally held at Five-mile bridge, by the
Earl of Kenmare's seneschal, for the manors of Ross
and Molahiffe ; at which debts not exceeding 40s. late
currency are recoverable. The seats are Shanagh House
and Rathmore, the latter now occupied by a society of
monks of the order of La Trappe, a branch from the
parent establishment at Mount Melleray, in the county
of Waterford. The parish is in the diocese of Ardfert
and Aghadoe : the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of
Donoughmore, and the vicarage forms part of the union
of Killarney. The tithe rent-charge is £394. I7., of
which £2^8. 14. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
arrangements this parish is divided into East and West
Kilcummin : the former, with the greater part of the
adjoining parish of Nohoval-daly, forms the district of
Knocknacoppel ; and the latter forms a separate dis-
trict, the chapel of which is situated at Kilcummin. In
the district of Knocknacoppel are the chapel of that
name, a large plain building ; Griorguillca chapel, re-
cently rebuilt ; and that of Knoeknagree, in Nohoval-
daly ; there is also a chapel attached to the establish-
ment at Rathmore open to the public. The late Mr.
Cronin, of the Park, near Killarney, bequeathed £30 per
annum for the establishment and support of a school in
each of the parishes of Kilcummin and Nohoval-daly.
On the southern confines of the parish are two remark-
able mountains, which from their peculiar shape are
called " the Paps," rising S'iSO feet above the level of
the sea, and forming striking features in the mountain
scenery on the road from Killarney to Cork. At their
base is an ancient fort or rath, near which is a holy well
resorted to by numbers of the peasantry on May-day.
The ruins of the old church are situated on an eminence
commanding an extensive prospect : the late Lord Barry-
more was interred here.
KILCUiSIMIN, or Kilcommin, a parish, in the union
of Bali-tna, barony of Tyrawley, county of Mayo,
and province of Connaught, 4^ miles (X.) from Kiliala,
and on the western side of the bay of Kiliala; contain-
ing'2791 inhabitants. It comprises 4195^ statute acres ;
the land is generally good and well cultivated, except on
the coast, where the drifted sand injures the soil. Good
stone is obtained here. At the northern extremity of
the parish is Kilcummin Head, where is a coast-guard
station, being one of the six in the district of Kiliala.
The parish is in the diocese of Kiliala ; the rectory is
appropriate to the deanery and the precentorship of
Kiliala, and the vicarage forms part of the union of
Lacken : the tithe rent-charge is £120, of which £69. \o.
are payable to the dean and the precentor, and the re-
mainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions,
also, Kilcummin forms part of the union or district of
Lacken. At Ballinglena are some remains of the old
church, near which the French army under General
Humbert landed, in 1798.
KILCUMNEY, or Drumcree, a parish, in the union
of Mullingak, barony of Delvin, county of West-
43
meath, and province of Leinster, 4^ miles (S. E.) from
Castle- Pollard, on the road from that place to Athboy ;
containing g^jg inhal)itant.s. It comprises <29'2 1 statute
acres, principally in tillage : there is a considerable quan-
tity of bog ; also some good limestone. The chief seats
are, Ralphsdale, the demesne of which is entered by a
beautiful gate ; and Drumcree, the residence of Robert
Smyth, Esq., to whom the whole parish belongs, and in
whose demesne is a fine lake. The living is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, episcopally united
in 1818 to the rectory of Dysertale and the vicarage of
Kilweilagh, and in 18'21 to the rectory of Killagh ; this
parish and Dysertale are in the patronage of the Bishop ;
Kilweilagh is in the gift of the Marquess of Droghcda,
and Killagh in that of the Crown. The tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £90 ; and the gross value of the bene-
fice, including tithe and glebe, separate from its episcopal
union, is £170. The church, a handsome place of wor-
ship, was rebuilt in 1811, chiefly at the charge of the
late William Smyth, Esq., proprietor of Drumcree, and
father of the present owner of that estate : towards de-
fraying the cost, which exceeded £'2300, the Board of
First Fruits granted a loan of £850. The Board also
lent £450 for the erection of the glebe-house : the glebe
of Kilcumney comprises 36 acres, part unreclaimed bog;
and there is a glebe of 18 acres at Killagh, valued at
£'20 per annum. In the Roman Catholic divisions this
parish forms part of the district of St. Mary and St.
Feighan, or Collinstown. A hermitage existed here in
the ninth century. — See Drumcree.
KILCUMREAGH, or Kilcomragh, a parish, in
the union of Athlone, partly in the barony of Kil-
couRSEY, King's county, partly in that of Clonlonan,
but chiefly in that of Moycashel, county of West-
meath, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (E. N. E.)
from Moat-a-Grenogue, and on the road from Dublin to
Athlone ; containing 39'2'2 inhabitants. This parish
comprises 9257 statute acres, mostly of good quality,
and including a small quantity of bog and some lime-
stone. The seats are Ballintobber, Rosemount, Grouse
Lodge, and Springfield. It is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Meath, forming part of the union of Ardnorcher ; the
rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Downshire.
The tithe rent-charge is £ 1 hj. 6. 9., of which £ 1 1 1 . 0. 6.
are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to
the vicar ; there is a glebe of 105:J^ acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Kilmanaghan and Kilcumreagh, and has a chapel at
Ballagh. A monastery of Dominican friars was founded
at Ballintubbcr, in 1488, by Edmund de Lantu Laici,
and was granted to Henry Matthews at the Dissolution.
Here are the ruins of a church, and of an old fort ; also
several raths.
KILCURFIN.— See Carrigtohill.
KILDALKEY, a parish, in the union of Trim,
barony of Lune, county of Meath, and province of
Leinster, 3 miles (S. by E.) from Athboy, on the road
from that place to Kinnegad ; containing 3055 inhabit-
ants, of whom 179 are in the village. The parish com-
prises 10,4 15i statute acres ; about one-half is in tillage,
and there are 500 acres of bog, and a good limestone-
quarry. The village contains 3'2 houses, and fairs are
held there on Feb. '27th, May 14th, Aug. 9th, and Dec.
13th. Moyrath Castle was built in 1'219, by Lord
Geuffry de Montemarisco, and was subsequently a seat
K I L— D A
of the Nugent family, but is now the property of Henry
Grattan, Esq. The' parish is in the diocese of Meath :
the rectory is impropriate in Joseph Ashe, Esq., and the
vicarage forms part of the union of Athboy ; the tithe
rent-charge is £'2S5, the whole of which is payable to
the impropriator. There is also a district curacy com-
prising the parish of Kildalkcy, the minister of which
has a stipend paid by the bishop, the Earl of Darnley,
and the Additional Curates' Fund Society. A large and
commodious school-house, built in 184'2 by subscrip-
tion and aid from the Board of Erasmus Smith's charity,
on a site presented by H. Potterton, Esq., has been
licensed for divine worship. Kildalkey, in the Roman
Catholic divisions, is the head of a district, comprising
also the parishes of Killoghconnoghan and Castle-
Rickard, and containing two chapels, of which the chapel
here is a neat modern building. The Earl of Darnley,
some years ago, gave an acre of land and £"20 towards
the erection of a school-house, and J. Stack Murphy,
Esq., subscribed £20 : that gentleman also contributed
£30 towards the erection of a school at Carnisle. A
third school is under the Church Education Society.
The late Mr. Hodgens, of Dublin, bequeathed £1000 for
the erection of almshouses, and £60 per annum for the
inmates, who must be natives of this parish ; but they
have not yet been erected.
KILDALLOCK. — See Kildollogh.
KILDALLON, a parish, in the barony of Tully-
HUNCO, or TuLLOGHONOHO, union and county of Cavan,
and province of Ulster, 3 miles (N.) from Killeshandra,
on the road from that place to Ballyconnell ; containing
44S0 inhabitants. It comprises 11,989^ statute acres,
of which '21 15 are water; 3233 acres are applotted
under the Tithe act, and there is a large tract of waste,
called Ballyheady moor : the land is chiefly cultivated
by spade husbandry. At Ardlougher is a receiving-
house for letters in connexion with Ballyconnell and
Killesandra. The principal seats are Greenville, Augha-
bawn, Mackenwood, Belberry, and Cam. The living is
a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore, and
in the gift of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£152. 6. The church is a handsome building with a
tower, erected in 1816, the late Board of First Fruits
granting a loan of £1000; it was enlarged in 1827, by
a further loan of £400. The Board also gave £100 and
lent £1200 for the erection of the glebe-house: the
glebes comprise 339 acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisions this parish is the head of a district, comprising
also the parish of Tomregan, and containing a chapel in
each : the chapel here is a large building, with a neatly
planted burial-ground. At Croghan is a Presbyterian
meeting-house in connexion with the General Assembly.
On the summit of the hill of Cam is a heap of stones
surrounded by a Danish rath ; at Druraboo or Drum-
bagh is a holy well, at which patrons have been held.
KILDANGAN, a parish, in the union of Athy,
barony of Ophaly West, county of Kildare, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4 miles (S. W. by S.) from Kildare,
and on the river Barrow ; containing 115 inhabitants.
It comprises 98S| statute acres, almost equally divided
between pasturage and tillage. A patent exists for three
fairs, but none arc held. Kildangan Castle is situated
in a highly improved and well-planted demesne, formed
by the taste and skill of the late proprietor, D. W.
O'Reilly, Esq. A large and ancient castle is said by
46
K I L-D A
tradition to have stood here, which was destroyed during
the civil wars by the rival factions of the Fitzgeralds,
and the O'Dempscys, viscounts of Clanmalire ; it was
rebuilt on a smaller scale, but was soon afterwards
accidentally burnt. The castle, with his other posses-
sions, was forfeited in 1641 by Maurice Fitzgerald, of
Allen, and became the property of an ancestor of the
present owner, in the early part of the last century : it
is a ruin in high preservation, beautifully ornamented
with ivy, and stands in the centre of the demesne. The
parish is in the diocese of Kildare, and the rectory forms
part of the union of Nurney : the tithe rent-charge is
£34. 9. 6. The church is in ruins, the roof having fallen
in about 1812. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kil-
dangan is in the district of Monastereven, and contains
a very handsome chapel, built at the expense of the late
D. W. O'Reilly, Esq.
KILDARE (County of), and inland county of the pro-
vince of Leinster, bounded on the east by the counties
of Dublin and Wicklow, on the north by Meath, on the
west by the King's and Queen's counties, and on the
south by Carlow. It extends from 52° 51' to 53° 26'
(N. Lat.), and from 6° 30' to 7° 12' (W. Lon.) ; and
comprises an area of 418,436 statute acres, of which
356,787 are arable land, 51,854 uncultivated, 8288 in
plantations, 490 under towns and villages, and 101/
underwater. The population, in 1821, was 99,065;
in 1S31, to 108,424; and in 1841, to 114,488.
This county, in the time of Ptolemy, was principally
inhabited by the Conundi, whose territory lay to the
west of the rivers Liffey and Slaney, being bounded on
the north and west by the Boyne and the Barrow, and
having the tribes of the Cauci and Menapii on the east,
the Eblani on the north, and the Brigantes on the south.
Subsequently, the district of Caellan, or Galen, included
the greater part of the present county, together with a
part of those of Wicklow and Carlow ; the county of
Kildare portion being bounded on the east by the
Wicklow mountains, on the south and west by the
Barrow, and on the north by the Liffey and the Bog of
Allen. This latter name signifies the woody country,
by much the greater part having been an extensive
forest, many traces of which are still discernible in the
bogs. The native chieftains of the district were the
heads of the family of Hy Caellan, or M'^Kelly, whose
principal residence was at Rath-ArdscuU, near Athy.
The last aboriginal owner of this fortress, Gicrode Crone
M'^Kelly, defended it against the efforts of the English
during his life : after his decease the country was pos-
sessed by the Fitzgeralds, the Fitz-Henrys, and the
Keatings. The territory of the O'Tothils or O'Tooles, who
ruled over the southern part of the county of Wicklow,
extended into this county ; Tristledermot, or Castle-
dermot, being one of their places of residence.
After the landing of the English, and upon the death
of Dermod M'^Murrough, last king of Leinster, which
occurred soon after, this county devolved upon Strong-
bow, in right of his wife Eva, as part of the kingdom,
or, as it was called by the English, the palatinate, of
Leinster ; and it is generally considered to have been
one of the twelve counties into which the part of the
island that acknowledged the British jurisdiction was
divided by King John. But it was not till the end of
the reign of Edward I., in 1296, that an act was passed
for separating a large district from the county of Dublin,
K I L— D A
K I L— D A
and more especially for constituting Kildare, which had
been a liberty appendant to the county of Dublin, a
shire of itself, discharged from the jurisdiction of the
Dublin sheritf, and having county officers of its own.
In the general division of Kildare among the first Eng-
lish settlers, by Strongbow and his heirs, Carbery was
given to Meyler Fitz-IIenry ; and Naas Offallia, to
Maurice Fitzgerald, from whom the three great families
of Kildare, Kerry, and Desmond descended : Narragh
was assigned to Robert, and Adam Fitz-Hereford had
Salt, with its appendages. On the division of the pa-
latinate of Leinster among the five coheiresses of William
Marshal, who had inherited in right of his wife Isabel,
Strongbow's only daughter, the county of Kildare was
given to the fourth daughter, Sibilla, who married
William de Ferrars, Earl of Derby. William de Vescy
succeeded in right of his wife Agnes, the only daughter
of this marriage ; but he lost the property shortly after
in consequence of his fleeing into France to avoid a
single combat with John Fitzgerald, who had charged
him with treason ; and his possessions were bestowed on
his accuser. In 1234, Richard Marshal, Earl of Pem-
broke, the successor of William, having united with the
O'Conors against the English government, was killed in
a battle on the Curragh of Kildare by the Lord Justice,
aided by the Fitzgerahls, De Lacys, and Burghs. The
power of the Fitzgeralds, or Geraldines, from this period
became paramount in the county ; insomuch that, in
1264, Richard de Rupella, lord justice, was made pri-
soner, together with the Lords Theobald Butler and
John Cogan, by INIaurice Fitzgerald, who had come to a
conference at Castledermot, in order to put an end to a
dispute between the Geraldines and Burghs.
The county is partly within the diocese of Dublin, but
chiefly in that of Kildare. For purposes of civil juris-
diction it is divided into the baronies of Carbery, Clane,
Connell, Ikeathy and Oughterany, Kilcullcn, Kilkea and
Moone, East Narragh and Rheban, West Narragh and
Rheban, East Ophaly, West Ophaly, North Naas, South
Naas, North Salt, and South Salt. It contains the
assize and market towns of Naas and Athy ; the ancient
disfranchised borough and market town of Kildare ; the
market and post towns of Kilcock, Maynooth, Celbridge,
Monastereven, Timolin, Rathangan, Leixlip, KilcuUen-
Bridge, and Newbridge ; and the post-towns of Castle-
dermot, Clane, and Ballytore : the largest villages are
Prosperous, Kill, Johnstown-Bridge, and Sallins. Prior
to the Union it sent ten members to the Irish parlia-
ment,— two knights of the shire, and two represent-
atives for each of the boroughs of Naas, Athy, Kildare,
and Harristown ; but since that period its representa-
tion has been confined to the two members for the
county at large. The constituency, as registered in
1841, was 978, of whom 310 were £.^^0, V29 £'20, and
539 £10, voters. The election, if held between the
spring and summer assizes, takes place at Naas ; if at
any other period of the year, at Athy. The county is
included in the Home circuit : the spring assize is held
at Naas, and the summer assize at Athy, at each of
which are a county court-house and gaol. The general
quarter-sessions are held at Athy and Maynooth in
January, at Kildare and Naas in April, at Maynooth and
Athy in July, and at Naas and Kildare in October. The
local government is vested in a lieutenant, 14 deputy-
lieutenants, and 53 other magistrates, with the usual
county officers, including two coroners. There are 4.'>
constabulary police stations, having in the whole a force
of one county inspector, 5 sub-inspectors, 6 head-con-
stables, 40 constables, and 200 sub-constables, with 7
horses ; the expense of whose maintenance in 1842 was
£11,477, defrayed by grand jury presentments and by
government. The district lunatic asylum for the county
is at Carlow, and the county infirmary at Kildare ;
there are fever hospitals at Celbridge, Naas, Athy, and
KilcuUen ; and dispensaries at Athy, Ballitore, Castle-
dermot, Celbridge, Clane, Donadea, Johnstown-Bridge
Kilcock, Kilcullen, Maynooth, Monastereven, Naas,
Newbridge, Rathangan, and Robcrtstown : the infirmary
and fever hospitals are supported by grand jury pre-
sentments, and the dispensaries by equal presentments
and voluntary subscriptions. The total amount of the
grand jury presentments for 1844 was £20,800. In
the military arrangements Kildare is included in the
Dublin district, and contains three barrack stations ;
two for cavalry at Newbridge and Athy, and one for
infantry at Naas.
The general surface is rather level. In the barony
of West Ophaly, however, are several gently rising hills,
and others occur towards the eastern boundary of the
county : the greatest elevation of the plain country is
around Naas. Both of the baronies of Naas, and their
vicinity, present an appearance of great fertility, which
is also exhibited generally throughout the eastern and
southern, and a portion of the western parts of the
county ; but towards the north and north-west are vast
tracts of the Bog of Allen, comprising more than
50,000 acres, having a flat dreary surface, relieved here
and there by verdant elevations, called " islands."
Near the southern extremity of this immense bog are
the hills of Grange Allen, Cheelow, Dunmurry, Red-
hills, and Knocknagylogh, generally fertile, and culti-
vated to the summit. There are also small hills in the
vicinity of Timolin and Moone ; others stretching from
Killan, by Kilrush, Davidstown, Calverstown, and
Thomastown, and terminating in the hills of Old Kil-
cullen and Ballysax ; and small detached elevations
near Arthurstown, Lyons, Longtown, ^c.
The Bog of Allen and the Curragh of Kildare are
two distinguishing features of the county. Most of the
bogs which lie eastward of the Shannon, occupying
considerable portions of Kildare and the King's county,
comprehended, in common parlance, under the former
of these names. The Bog of Allen, which does not, there-
fore, apply to any single morass. On the contrary, the
tracts of bog to which it bears reference are often sepa-
rated by high ridges of dry land inclining towards
different rivers, as their natural vents for drainage.
The portion of the bog within Kildare lies, as before
observed, in the northern part of the county ; and near
its southern margin, the Island of Allen (a name given
to an elevated tract of cultivated soil), surrounded like
an oasis in the African desert by the solitude of the
uninhabited morass, presents a gratifying feature of
variety ; it rises abruptly from the bog, is nearly coni-
cal, and composed of limestone-gravel. Towards the
west is the Hill of Allen, a steep elevation of a conical
form, about 300 feet in height. The Curragh is a fine
undulating down, six miles long and two broad : it hes
in a direction from north-east to south-west, having the
town of Kildare near its western extremity, and being
K I L— D A
K I L-D A
crossed by the great road from Dublin to Limerick ;
and is, in fact, an extensive sheep-walk of above 6000
acres, forming a more beautiful lawn than the hand of
art ever made. Nothing can exceed the extreme soft-
ness and elasticity of the turf, which is of a verdure
that charms the eye, and is still further set off by the
gentle inequality of the surface : the soil is a fine dry
loam on a substratum of limestone. It is depastured
by numerous large flocks turned on it by the occupiers of
the adjacent farms, who alone have the right of pasture,
which greatly enhances the value of these farms. The
plain has long been celebrated as the principal race-
ground in Ireland, and is equal, if not superior, to that
of Newmarket, in all the requisites for this sport.
The SOIL varies but little, as compared with that of
some adjoining counties. The prevailing is deep and
mellow, in some parts inclining to clay, but principally
a rich loam, varying from 10 to 16 inches in depth, and
resting on a hard and compact substratum, in some
places impervious to water ; when first turned up it is
cold and arid, but when mellowed by the influence of
the atmosphere, it becomes fertile. In some parts the
upper, or surface, soil rests on a substratum of lime-
stone-gravel ; in others, on limestone, or clay-slate.
In general the county is fertile and well cultivated,
particularly around Athy, and thence along the banks
of the Barrow, extending to the borders of the county
of Carlow. The districts around the towns of Kildare,
Naas, Kill, and Clane are also fertile, well fenced, and
tolerably well cultivated ; but in wet seasons much
water remains on the surface, shewing the want of a
good system of drainage, which is much neglected.
Agriculture is systematically practised in some parts,
especially by the noblemen and resident gentlemen, and
their example is beginning to produce its beneficial
effects among the small farmers. Wheat is cultivated
generally, and the quality is remarkably good ; the
barley is also bright and sound ; the oats are good,
clean, and heavy, except in a few low, cold, and clayey
situations. Potatoes are extensively grown, and in
great varieties of sorts, large quantities being sent to
Dublin ; turnips and mangel-wurzel are cultivated by a
great number of the wealthy farmers, clover and vetches
by nearly all; and rape is grown extensively around
Monastereven.
The Scotch plough is general, the old heavy wooden
plough being rarely seen ; indeed, agricultural imple-
ments of all kinds are greatly improved, except the
spade, which is still a long narrow tool. The heavy
wooden wheel-car has give'n place to one of much
lighter construction, with low spoke-wheels, iron-
bound ; the kish, so general in the western counties,
is scarcely ever seen here; some of the vehicles are
made exactly after the plan of the Scotch cart, some
of them with, and some without, the high sides. Great
attention is manifested in collecting manure, and large
composts are raised in the vicinity of bogs by the mix-
ture of bog-mould and stable-manure or ashes. The
burning of subsoil in kilns was introduced by the late
Mr. Rawson, who compiled the statistical survey of
Kildare for the Royal Dublin Society; and has now
become general, producing the finest crops of potatoes
and turnips. A kind of indurated sand found in banks,
and the adhesive property of which is so great that the
bank, when cut perpendicularly, will never yield in anv
48 '
kind of weather, is considered by some agriculturists
as a sort of golden mine for the farmer who can avail
himself of the benefit of it. The cottagers in the neigh-
bourhood of the Curragh collect the sheep-dung, which
they mix in tubs with water, stirring it until it forms a
thick solution, which they call " mulch ;" in this they
steep the roots of their cabbage plants for some hours ;
a quantity of the substance consequently sticks to the
roots, and ensures a full crop. In the smaller farms a
very disadvantageous custom is prevalent of dividing
the land into long narrow inclosures, which occasions
an unnecessary and therefore injurious extent of fence
in proportion to the land included. The fences gene-
rally are tolerably good, but they every where occupy
too much ground ; the usual kind is a bank of earth
thrown up from a wide ditch, and covering five or six
feet of surface, so that the bank and ditch seldom oc-
cupy less than nine feet in width : in the breast of this
bank, about halfway up, a single row of quicksets is
placed, sometimes accompanied by seedlings of forest-
timber.
In those parts which have not been subjected to
tillage are very rich fattening grounds ; but where the
soil has been much exhausted by the plough, the pas-
ture is poor and light. The grasses in the meadows
and feeding pastures are of the most valuable kinds ;
in low bottoms, especially in those subject to floods,
Timothy grass is the principal herbage. Dairies of any
extent are not frequent, except in parts convenient to
the Dublin market, where they are kept for the purpose
of fattening calves. Great improvement has been
made in the breed of cattle, the old long-horned
Irish cow being now rarely seen. The most esteemed
are the short-horned or Dutch breed, crossed with the
Durham ; some of the gentry and wealthy farmers
have introduced the pure Durham breed, which com-
mands large prices ; others have the North Devon,
which also answers remarkably well. The small farmers
mostly prefer the old Irish long-horned cow, crossed
with the Durham ; and in some districts scarce any
other is seen : in the northern baronies, bordering on
Meath, the large and heavy long-horned cattle are very
common, and grow to a size equal to those of Meath or
Westmeath. Great numbers of cattle are brought from
other counties, and fed here for the Dublin market.
Much improvement has been made in the breed of
sheep, and vast flocks are every year reared on the
Curragh : the prevailing breed is a cross between the
New- Leicester and the Ayrshire, but many of the prin-
cipal agriculturists have the pure New Leicester ; some-
times they are crossed with the Kerry sheep. The
lower class of farmers have brood mares as part of
their tillage stock, but they do not pay sufficient atten-
tion to the breed of the sires, and are too desirous of
crossing with racers. Planting has been carried on for
many years extensively and successfully. Many of the
demesnes are ornamented with full-grown timber. The
timber-sallow thrives particularly well in the wet
grounds with which the county abounds ; beech and
larch are also of very quick growth. In the demesne of
Moore Abbey is one of the best-planted hills in Ire-
land ; and the woods of Carton and Palmerstown are
extensive, and the timber remarkably fine. In drain-
ing the bogs, remains of ancient forests have been dis-
covered.
K I L— D A
K I L— I) A
Tlie Geology of Kildare may next be noticed. The
great mountain range of granite of which the county of
Wicklow is nearly (omposed, terminates in this county
at Castledcrmot. Thence by Ballitore, Kilcullen, and
to the south-east of Naas, ahiiost as far as Rathcoole,
is clay-slate ; the rest of the county belongs to the
great field of floetz limestone which covers the larger
part of the flat country of Ireland, and which is here
interrupted only by the chain of central hills. The low
group of hills west of Rathcoole, which includes wind-
mill Hill, Athgoe, Lyons, and Rusty Hill, is composed
of clay-slate, greywacke, greysvacke-slate, and granite.
The greywacke consists of small, finely rounded, and
angular grains of quartz, numerous minute scales
of mica, small fragments of day-slate, and sometimes
portions of felspar. The rock at Windmill Hill ranges
10° north of east and south of west, which is the gene-
ral direction of these hills, exhibiting also at times an
tmdulating curved slaty formation : the dip is towards
the south-west, and generally at an angle of about 4.5°.
The greywacke-slate of Windmill Hill is remarkable for
containing subordinate beds of granite, the uppermost
at the depth of four fathoms ; they are 50 or 60 yards
apart, separated by the greywacke-slate, and all dip
from 45° to 50° to the south-east. Some of these
granite beds may be traced westward to the turnpike-
road opposite to Rusty Hill : they consist of a small
and finely grained intermixture of yellowish and greyish
white felspar, greyish vitreous transparent quartz, and
flakes or scales of mica, white and silvery, with some
scattered portions of schorl ; the grains are sometimes
so minute that the stone appears almost compact. Oc-
casionally also small particles and cubical chrystals of
iron pyrites are disseminated through the rock, which,
when decomposing, communicate an iron-shot spotted
appearance to the stone. The red sandstone conglo-
merate occurs ill situ at the northern foot of the Hill of
Ltjons, where it is exposed for about 10 fathoms in
length, in strata four feet thick, ranging east and west,
dipping 30° to the north, and resting on greywacke-
slate ; it re-appears in the central range. Red Hill,Dun-
miirnj Hill, and the western foot of Grange Hill, consist of
alternating beds of finely grained greywacke, greywacke-
slate, and day-slate, ranging 10° north of east and
south of west, and dipping 60° towards the south-east,
but in many places being nearly vertical. At the
northern foot of Red Hill is a small patch of red sand-
stone conglomerate, which was quarried for millstones
some 3'ears since : enough of the firm rock is visible to
shew that the strata range east and west, and dip 17°
west.
The Chair of Kildare consists of floetz limestone, e.x-
tending southwards to the northern foot of Dunmurry
Hill, and covering the greywacke and slaty rocks : to
the north it rests on the trap of Grannie Hill, which also
covers the same kind of rock. Strictly speaking, these
two elevations are but parts of the same hill, with a
slight hollow between them. The floetz limestone of
the latter appears to be disposed in massy strata, from
four to five feet thick, dipping 45° towards the south-
east : it is generally greyish-white, but sometimes mot-
tled reddish-brown, being intermixed with shades of
blueish-white and grey ; and it contains bivalves and
entrochites. In its outgoing to the north-west the
limestone presents a rocky face, or small escarpment.
Vol. II.— 49
beyond which is a slight hollow forming the southern
face of Grange Hill. In the road leading to the hill,
above the rock which appears at the surface, is com-
pact greenstone, in some places porphyritic ; but near
the surface it is easily frangible, and being much de-
composed acquires almost the appearance of wackc.
From the dip of the limestone and the general form of
the Chair of Kildare, it is highly probable that the
greenstone is subjacent to the limestone ; an opinion
confirmed by the fact that the greenstone just described
contains marine exuvia;, and, where adjacent to the
limestone, appears to be intermingled with calcareous
matter. The organic remains are principally bivalves,
ammonites, and terebratulites, with entrochites in
smaller number. These organic remains seem to be
confined to that portion of the rock which is in the
vicinity of the limestone ; for none can be discerned
in the remaining mass of the hill, which exhibits every
where rocky protuberances from one continuous body
of greenstone and porphyry. The only other rock
visible is clay-slate, standing in strata nearly vertical ;
it appears low down on the western side, and at the
base of the hill in that quarter.
The Hill of Allen is separated from Grange Hill by an
intervening vale, their summits being about two miles
apart : it is composed of one great body of granular and
compact greenstone and greenstone-porphyry, which
appears all round the base, on the sides, and on the
summit, in numerous protuberant rocky masses, without
any mark of stratification. Some of the greenstone is
remarkably crystalline, consisting of large masses of
hornblende, with crystals of felspar. Whether this hill
be a distinct mass or connected with Grange Hill is not
easily ascertained, from the depth of the alluvial soil.
About a quarter of a mile from the northern extremity
of the Hill of Allen is a slight eminence called the Leap
of Allen, composed of red sandstone conglomerate, ar-
ranged in beds which vary from 9 to 18 inches and even
to 2^ feet thick, and are separated by thin layers of
reddish sandy slate-clay. It contains the same com-
ponents as the conglomerate already noticed, with the
addition of fragments of greywacke-slate, which are,
however, comparatively rare ; it is quarried for mill-
stones. The beds range north-north-east and south-
south-west, dipping south-south-east at an angle of
from 15° to '20°, and therefore they probably underlie
and support the trap of the Hill of Allen. Indications
of Copper having been observed in Dunmurry Hill, miners
■were employed to explore them in 17^6, when detached
masses of sulphuret of copper were found of nearly 40
per cent, purity, accompanied with a strong vitriolic
water ; the principal bed seemed to lie deep in the hill,
and even to dip under the adjoining valley. Near the
base of the hill was also found an alkaline argillaceous
earth of a light-grey colour, possessing many of the
qualities of fullers-earth. In the veins of the rocks,
and in the matrix of the ore, were quantities of fine
yellow ochre proper for painting. The surface of the
Hill of Allen also presents indications of copper ; the
loose stones and the projecting points of rock appear as
if vitrified by fire, and in many places impregnated with
carbonate of copper.
Several attempts were made near the close of the last
century to establish the cotton manufacture, and some
mills were built near Clane, Leixhp, and other places,
H
K I L— D A
but they all fell to decay. A very large mill for manu-
facturing cotton was, however, built a few years since at
Inchyguire, near Ballytore, which is still in full opera-
tion ; and a small woollen manufacture is carried on at
Celbridge. But these are the only manufactures of note
which the county possesses, although the numerous falls
on the rivers otfer most advantageous sites for the erec-
tion of works, and there is great facility for the transit
of goods. All the small rivers abound with trout, and
the Barrow formerly gave a copious supply of salmon, yet
there are now no fisheries : the weirs thrown across this
river for forming mill-dams have presented such impe-
diments to the passage of the fish, that they are nearly
banished from it.
Among the principal rivers is the Boyne, which rises
in the Bog of Allen, in the parish of Carbery, close on
the boundary of the King's county, running along which
it enters the county of Meath at Clonard, and, passing
by the towns of Trim, Navan, and Slane, flows into the
sea at Drogheda : its principal tributaries are the Black-
water and Deel, in Meath. The Barrow enters the county
from the Queen's county; it forms the greater portion
of the western boundary of Kildare, and passing by the
towns of Monastereven and Athy, enters Carlow at the
parish of Painstown : in its course it is joined by the
Feagile, the Little Barrow, the Finnery, the Gris, and
the Ler or Lune. The Liffey enters the county from
that of Dublin at Kilteel, and running a circuitous course
to Leixlip, receives the Rye water, which forms part of
the northern boundary of Kildare, and its tributary the
Lyreen : it also receives the Morrel between Celbridge
and Clane. The Grand Canal enters this county near
Lyons, nine miles from Dublin, and quits it for the
King's county near the source of the Boyne, in the Bog
of Allen. Near Sallins it is carried over the Liffey by
an elegant aqueduct, whence a branch leads to the town
of Naas ; and from Naas is another branch to Har-
bourstown, in the direction of KilcuUen, which was
intended to be continued to Wexford. From Roberts-
town, just where the canal enters the Bog of Allen, a
branch diverges, and passing through the Queen's county
falls into the Barrow at Athy, opening a communication
with Carlow, New Ross, and Waterford. From this
line a branch, called the Miltown canal, leaves it near
Robertstown, and proceeds in the direction of the Cur-
ragh ; and at Monastereven, where the Athy line crosses
the Barrow by a noble aqueduct, another branch leaves
it for Portarlington and Mountmellick. The summit
level of the canal is in this county, from which each
branch is amply supplied with water in the driest seasons
without the expense of a reservoir. 'I he Royal Canal
enters near Leixlip, seven miles from Dublin, and passes
a little south of Maynooth and Kilcock to Nicholastown,
near which it leaves this county and enters Meath ; it
re-enters it by an aqueduct over the Blackwater, and
continues to the Boyne, over which it is conveyed by
an aqueduct, again entering Meath near Clonard.
Among the existing relics of antiquity are five
ancient round towers, situated at Kildare, Taghadoe,
Kilcullen, Oughtcrard, and Castledermot ; the first is
the most remarkable. Raths are numerous. Three
miles south-east of Athy, that called the Moat of Aniscvll
stands prominent. A mile farther is the Hill of Carnion,
which was the Naaateighun, or place where the assembly
of the states of the southern part of Leinster was held :
50
K 1 L— D A
here are sixteen small conical hills, supposed to be the
seats on which the elders sat. Not far from the rath is
a single pillar-stone, called Gobhlan, about seven feet
high, supposed to have been erected for the worship of
Baal. Similar stones are to be seen at Kilgowan, Fur-
nace, and Punch's Town, all in the vicinity of Naas. At
Harristown, near Kilcullen, is another of those taper
upright stones, with a conical top ; and about two miles
from Jigginstown are two, known by the name of the
Long Stones. The rath of Knock-Caellagh, near Kil-
cullen, consists of a tumulus surrounded by a circular
intrenchment, '20 feet wide and 10 deep, with a rampart
outside the trench : Cromwell is said to have encamped
here on his way to the south. Others less remarkable,
yet worthy of notice, are to be seen near Rheban, two
miles north of Athy, at Kildare, at Naas, near Kilkea
Castle, at Moone, at Clane, at Lyons (across which rath
the boundary line of the counties of Kildare and Dublin
passes), and at Rathsallagh, near Duncavan. On the
Curragh are numerous earthworks, most of which appear
to be sepulchral, forming a chain of fourteen small raths
or circular intrenchments without ramparts, in a line of
nearly three miles, extending east and west. A tradition
has long prevailed of a stupendous heathen monument
of huge stones existing here ; but no vestige of it can
now be discovered.
There were many celebrated and richly endowed mo-
nastic institutions in the county. At Athy was one for
Crouched friars and another for Dominicans. Castle-
dermot possessed a priory for Regular Canons, a house
of Crouched friars, and a Franciscan abbey, the ruins of
which last still serve to attest its former magnificence.
The ruins of another Franciscan abbey are to be seen at
Clane, where was also a house for Regular Canons. At
Graney are the ruins of an Augustinian nunnery ; and a
gateway and some other remains of a monastic building,
said to have belonged to the Knights Templars, are still
shewn there. The ruins of Great Connell Abbey are on
the banks of the Liffey, near Newbridge. In Kildare
was a nunnery and abbey united, founded by St. Bridget,
and of which the ruins are still pointed out ; also an
abbey of Grey friars, situated south of the town, and a
house of Carmelites or White friars. At Old Kilcullen
is a monastery as old as the time of St. Patrick, which
in 11 15 was elevated to the dignity of an episcopal see ;
but it does not appear that it long retained that rank.
Near the ruins of the old church are the remains of two
crosses, one of which still retains some very curious
specimens of ancient sculpture. Maynooth had a con-
vent of Black nuns, and a college of priests founded by
the Earl of Kildare ; the abbey of Killossy has been
converted into the parish church, and is remarkable for
the singularity of the architecture of its steeple tower ;
the monastery of Kilrush was surrounded by a broad
ditch faced with masonry ten feet high ; the abbey of
Monastereven has been converted into the residence of
the Moore family, the representative of which is the
Marquess of Drogheda. At Moone was a Franciscan
friary, the brotherhood of which retained possession of
it subsequently to the Reformation : here is a fragment
of a very old cross, one of the most curious in Ireland,
covered with numerous grotesque figures. In Naas were
three religious establishments ; namely, a convent of
Augustiniaus, another of Dominicans, and one for friars
Eremites of the order of St. Augustine. Some remains
K I L— D A
K I L— D A
of the buildings of AVu' Abbey, on the banks of the
Liffey, are still to be seen ; and of .S7. H'olslan's, also on
the LitTey, near Celbridge, two towers and two gateways
yet exist. Timolin had a monastery of Regular Canons,
and a nunnery ; at Tulhj, a mile south of Kildare, was
a preceptory of the Knights Templars, the possessions
of which are held in in c<immen<l<nn with the bishopric
of Kildare : the abbeys of Clouagh, Cloncurry, Disert-
Fulertagh,Glasnaoidhun,Grangenolvin,Kilbeggs, Knock-
nacrioth, Leixlip, and Tulachfobhair, arc known only by
name.
The remains of many castles are scattered through
the county : the principal were Kilkea, Athy, Castle-
dermot, Rheban, Kilberry, Woodstock, Timolin, Cas-
tle-Carbery, Ballyteague, Clane, Rathcoffy, Donadea,
Lackagh, Kildare, Leixlip, Corifig, Morrestown-Nenagh,
Cloncurry, and Maynooth. The modern mansions of
the nobility and gentry are noticed in the articles on the
parishes in which they are respectively situated. Tlie
farmhouses in general consist of a long thatched build-
ing of one story, containing in the centre a large kitchen,
with lodging-roonis at each end : the front door opens
into a yard, here called a bawn, on the sides of which
are the out-buildings. The cottiers' cabins exhibit a
mode of construction different from that of the more
northern districts ; the lower half being built of stone
and clay-mortar, and the upper of clay or sods, topped
with a thick covering of straw thatch. Oatmeal, pota-
toes, herrings, and some milk and butter, constitute the
food of the poorer class ; their fuel is turf; their clothing
principally home-made frieze. Even in the midst of
summer a heavy frieze loose coat, called a " trusty," is
worn over the rest of the garments. The dress of the
women is much better than it formerly was. The cir-
cumstances and appearance of the population located on
the bogs, or their immediate vicinity, are very unfavour-
able. On each side of those parts of the Grand Canal
that pass through the Bog of Allen, the land is let in
small lots to turf-cutters, who take up their residence
on the spot, however dreary and uncomfortable. Their
first care is to excavate a site for a habitation on the
driest bank that can be selected, the hovel being sunk
so deep that little more than the roof is visible ; this is
covered with scanty thatch, or, more frequently, with
turf pared from the bog and laid with the herbage up-
wards, which so perfectly assimilates with the aspect of
the surrounding scenery that the eye would pass over
the spot unnoticed, were it not undeceived by the ap-
pearance of children and domestic animals sallying from
a hole in one side, and by the occasional gush of smoke
from the numerous chinks in the roof. The English
language is every where spoken. The customs of gos-
sipred and fosterage are closely adhered to. Gossips
will fight most pertinaciously for each other ; in all
conversations they call each other by the endearing
name ; and not to have gossips at baptism would cast a
deep reflection on the parents.
KILDARE, a market and post town, a parish, and
the seat of a diocese, in the union of Naas, partly in the
barony of Coxnell, but chiefly in that of E.\st Ophaly,
county of Kildare, and province of Leinster, 9i miles
(W. S. W.) from Naas, and '25 miles (\V. S. W.) from
Dublin, on the coach-road to Limerick ; containing
2654 inhabitants, of whom iC'ig are in the town. This
place derived its name either from Chille-dara, " the wood
51
of oaks," or from Kilt-dara, "the cell or church of the
oaks," on account of the situation of the first Christian
church founded here among trees of that kind. The
source of its ancient importance appears to have been
the foundation of a monastery by St. Bridget, the
daughter of a native Irish chieftain, who in the fifth
century is said to have received the veil from the hands
of St. Patrick. This monastery, which was both for
monks and nuns under the same roof, and had only one
church, soon caused other habitations to be erected on
the spot, which, on its being subsequently made the seat
of an episcopal see, became a town of importance. It is
recorded that, in 638, Aed Dubh, or Black Hugh, King
of Leinster, resigned his authority, and took the habit
of the Augustine order in this monastery, of which he
afterwards became abbot and bishop. The town and
monastery were consumed by fire in 770, and again
about four years after ; and in 830 they suffered greatly
from the depredation of Ceallaeh Mac Brann, who slew
many of the clergy in their own house. Farannan,
abbot of Armagh, attended by a retinue of his clergj',
visited the abbey in 835 ; and during his stay, Fethle-
mid, at the head of an armed force, seized the church
and carried off the clergy prisoners. In the following
year, a Danish fleet of thirty ships arrived in the river
Liffey, and another also in the Boyne, and, making an
irruption into the country, not only plundered every
church and abbey within the territories of Magh-Liffe
and Magh-Breagh, but also destroyed the town with fire
and sword, and carried away the shrines of St. Bridget
and St. Conlaeth.
From this period till the commencement of the
11th century, the annals of Kildare present only a con-
tinued series of Danish rapine and massacre ; and
scarcely had the ravages of these invaders ceased, when
the town was plundered by the people of Hyfaolan.
It was either wholly or in part destroyed by fire in
1038, 1040, 10*1, 1088, and 1089; and, in 1135, the
abbess of the monastery was forcibly taken from her
cloister by Dermod Mac Murrough, King of Leinster, who
compelled her to marry one of his followers ; on which
occasion not less than 170 inhabitants of the town and
inmates of the abbey were slaughtered. Till the time
of the English invasion, the town and monastery were
continually exposed to depredation by fire and sword ;
but shortly after that event, one of the English adven-
turers who had obtained possession of this territory
erected a castle for its defence. In 1'220, the sacred
fire, which had been maintained here from the time of
St. Bridget, was extinguished by Henry de Londres,
archbishop of Dublin ; it was, however, soon afterwards
rekindled, and continued to burn till the Reformation.
In 1260, a monastery was founded by William de Vescy,
for Grey friars, which was completed by Gerald Fitz-
maurice. Lord Offaly ; the same William also founded
a convent for Carmelite friars in 1'290; and in 1294,
Calbhach O'Connor of Offaly took the town and castle
by force, and destroyed all the rolls of the Earl of Kil-
dare. A parliament was held here in 1309, or the begin-
ning of the following year; and in 1316, the castle and
town were granted to John Fitzgerald, who was at that
time created Earl of Kildare ; but in the wars during
the reign of Elizabeth, the town was reduced to a state
of entire ruin and depopulation. In 1641, the castle
was garrisoned by the Earl of Castlehaven, but in 164"
K I L— D A
was taken by Colonel Jones for the parliament ; it fell
again into the hands of the Irish, but was finally re-
taken by the Lord-Lieutenant in 1649. During the
disturbances of 1798, '2000 of the insurgents, under a
leader named Perkins, having agreed to surrender them-
selves on the '2Sth of March, on condition of being
allowed to return unmolested to their several homes,
and of the liberation of Perkins' brother from the gaol
of Xaas, Major-General Sir James DutTe advanced at
the head of 600 men to the Gibbet-rath on the Curragh,
where they had assembled for that purpose ; but some
imprudent firing taking place on their part, they were
charged by the troops, and more than 200 of them were
killed.
The TOWN, consisting of 327 houses, is situated on
boldly rising ground, and, from the numerous remains
of its ancient religious edifices, and its former import-
ance, is a place of considerable interest. It is badly
supplied with water, raised from a very deep well near
the market-house, by a forcing pump, into a publie cis-
tern ; the principal streets are portions of the public
roads, and are kept in repair by the county. Kildare is
a great resort during the races, which are held on the
Curragh in the last week of April, the second Monday
in June, and the second Monday in October, when the
king's plates are contested. A gift of two annual plates
of £100 each was obtained through Sir W. Temple ; and,
in 1821, George IV. attended a meeting at this place.
The Jockey Club have a house in the town, for the use of
the members during the races, which are well attended
and under good regulations. The Curragh is under the
care of a ranger appointed by the crown, and is distin-
guished as the "Nesvmarket " of Ireland, not only as the
principal race-meeting, but as a central spot for the
breeding and training of the best horses in the country.
No manufactures are carried on in the town, nor any
trade except what arises from its public situation and
for the supply of the neighbourhood. The market is on
Thursday ; and fairs are held on Feb. 12th, April 5th and
26th, May 12th, June 29th, and Sept. 19th : the market-
house is a neat building. There is a constabulary
police station. By charter of James II. the town was
governed by a corporation consisting of a sovereign (who
was a justice of the peace), two portreeves, 20 bur-
gesses, and an indefinite number of freemen, assisted by
a recorder, town-clerk, two serjeants-at-mace, and other
officers. The charter was granted in the fourth year of
the king's reign, and recites that the town of Kildare
had been an ancient borough, but that its franchises,
liberties, and privileges, had been seized into the sove-
reign's hands by a judgment of the court of exchequer ;
it then declares that the place shall be a free borough
having the same boundaries as those it had formerly
possessed, and lays down the necessary regulations for
its government. The corporation returned two members
to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough
was disfranchised, and the £15,000 awarded as com-
pensation were paid to 'W'illiam, Duke of Leinster. The
borough court had jurisdiction to the extent of five
marks, but no proceedings have issued from it for several
years; since 1S28 neither sovereign nor any other officer
has been elected, and the corporation is virtually extinct.
The quarter-sessions for the county are held here in
April and October, and petty-sessions every alternate
Thursday.
52
K I L— D A
The Diocese of Kildare
appears to have been found-
ed towards the close of the
"ith or about the commence-
nunt of the 6th century, by
"^f C imlaeth or Conlaid, who,
N\ ith the assistance of St.
Bridget, then presiding over
tlie monastery, erected the
cathedral and became first
bishop. The first English
bi'-hop was Ralph of Bristol,
consecrated in 1223, who
^^as at great expense m repairmg and beautifying the
cathedral. The first bishop after the Reformation was
iniliam Miagli, whom, in opposition to the Pope's ap-
pointment, and in vindication of his own supremacy,
Henry VIII. advanced to the see, in 1540. During the
prelacy of Alexander Craik, who succeeded in 1560, the
see was reduced to great poverty by the alienation of
several valuable manors, which that bishop exchanged
with Patrick Sarsfield for some tithes of very inconsider-
able value ; and it was further impoverished by Bishop
Pilsworth, in 1604, after a fruitless attempt to recover
the alienated property. The estates which had been
alienated to Sarsfield became forfeited to the king during
the prelacy of Bishop Price, who succeeded in 1660, and
might have been recovered by a clause in the Act of Set-
tlement ; but the bishop could not be prevailed upon to
take the necessary measures at the time, and all the
subsequent efforts of his successors were unavailing.
Anthony Dopping, who succeeded in 1678, in considera-
tion of the poverty of the see, procured the annexation
of the preceptory of Tully, and several rectories in the
diocese of Meath, to be held in coinmendam with the
bishopric ; and If'ilUam, Dean of Christ Church, Dub-
lin, who was advanced to the prelacy in 16S1, was for
the same reason allowed to retain his deanery, which
was thenceforward held by the bishops of Kildare ; who
ranked next to the bishops of Meath, the other bishops
taking precedency according to the dates of their conse-
cration. Under the provisions of the Church Tempo-
ralities' act of the 3rd and 4th of William IV., the .see,
on its recent avoidance, was annexed to the archiepis-
copal see of Dublin, and its temporalities, including those
held in commendam, are now vested in the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners.
It is one of the sixteen dioceses which constitute the
ecclesiastical province of Dublin, and comprehends part
of Queen's county, a large portion of King's county,
and the greater part of the county of Kildare ; it is 36
miles in length and 23 in breadth, and comprises an
estimated superficies of 332,200 acres, of which 49,000
are in Queen's county, 121,000 in King's county, and
161,000 in Kildare. The chapter consists of a dean,
precentor, chancellor, treasurer, and four canons ; aud
there are an archdeacon, and the eight prebendaries of
Lulliamore, Rathangan, Nurney. Ballysonan, Castro-
petre, Geashill, Harristown, and Donadea, who are not
of the chapter, but have a vote in the election of the
dean. The consistorial court, held in Kildare, is pre-
sided over by the vicar-general. In the registrar's
office are the diocesan records, which consist of modern
documents, those prior to 1641 having been lost during
the insurrection. The total number of parishes in the
K I L— D A
K I L-I) A
diocese is 85, comprised in 41 benefices, of which 20 are
unions of two or more parishes, and '21 single parishes :
1'2 benefices are in the patronage of the Crown, 10 in lay
and Corporation patronage, 4 in joint or alternate pre-
sentation, and the remainder in the patronage of the
Bishop or Incumbents. The total number of churches
is 38, and of glebe-houses 19. The quantity of land
belonging to the see is 91 1 acres ; and the gross revenue
of the bishop, including the preceptory of TuUy and the
deanery of Christ Church, on an average of three years
ending Dec. 31st, 1831, amounted to £6451. 13. The
CATHEDRAL, dedicated to St. Bridget, was nearly de-
stroyed in the parliamentary war, and the choir is now the
only part kept in repair. The walls of the nave still
remain, presenting some plain pointed arches, and those
of the south transept are entire ; but the north side of
the tower, which rose between the nave and choir, is
levelled with the ground. The choir, which is also the
parochial church, has no interesting details; the south
transept contains the sepulchral vault of th;- earls of
Kildare. In the churchyard is a remarkable stone, re-
puted to be the pedestal of an ancient stone cross, but
by some considered, and with an appearance of probability,
to be the altar on which the " holy fire" was kept burn-
ing ; in the surrounding walls are numerous fragments
of sculptured monuments, removed from the interior of
the cathedral, and of which several are curious both
from their subjects and their execution. A few yards
distant is a remaining portion of the chapel of St.
Bridget, called " the Fire house," a low and narrow stone
cell in which the sacred fire was preserved. There is
neither chapter-house nor episcopal palace, nor are there
residences for any of the dignitaries. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the diocese is united with that of Leigh-
lin, together forming one of the tliree suffragan dioceses
to the archiepiscopal see of Dublin : the joint diocese
comprises 46 parochial benefices or unions, containing
110 chapels served by 108 clergymen, of whom 46, in-
cluding the bishop, are parish priests, and 6'2 coad-
jutors or curates. The parochial benefice of the
bishop is Carlow, near which is his residence, Bra-
ganza House. The cathedral, in Carlow, built during
the prelacy of the Right Rev. Dr. Doyle, and chiefly
through his exertions, is an edifice of much architectural
elegance.
The parish comprises 921 5| statute acres. It is a
rectory, appropriate to the dean and chapter : the tithe
rent-charge is £242. 6. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions it is the head of a district, called Kildare and
Rathangan, comprising the parishes of Kildare, Rath-
angan, Carne, Dunmurry, Pollardstown, Thomastown,
TuUy, Lackagh, and Knavenstown : there is a chapel in
the town, and also one at Rathangan. Near the town
chapel is a convent of nuns of the order of the Presenta-
tion, the sisters of which devote their time to the gra-
tuitous instruction of poor girls; and not far from the
ruins of the monastery of St. Bridget is a Carmelite
friary, a neat building recently erected on the site of
the ancient house of that order, and attached to which
is a chapel. The county infirmary is situated in the
town. About thirty yards from the church is an an-
cient round tower, 132 feet high, which within the last
century has been crowned with graduated battlements ;
and part of the ancient castle is still remaining. t)n
the Curragh, according to Giraldus Cambrensis, was
formerly a circle of large stones, of which no traces re-
main ; but there are numerous earthworks, most of
which appear to have been sepulchral. On this plain,
Richard Marshal, Earl of Pembroke and Earl Palatine
of Leinster, who had been invited by De Burgo, De
Lacy, and other lords to negotiate a truce, was betrayed
by Geoffrey de Marisco, his attendant, into the power
of his enemies, and put to death, in 1234. David
O'Buge, who, in the early part of the 14th century, was
eminently distinguished as a philosopher, rhetorician,
and divine, was a native of the town; he was provincial
of the Carmelites in Ireland, and was interred in the
monastery of that order at this place, of which he had
been a friar. Kildare gives the inferior titles of Earl
and Marquess to the Duke of Leinster.
KILDARTON, a district parish, in the poor-law
union of Armagh, county of Armagh, and province of
Ulster, 2 miles (K.) from the city of Armagh. This
district has been formed from the parishes of Armagh,
Mullaghbrack, and Loughgall, and comprises 487.'>
statute acres, all arable land ; it lies on the road from
Armagh to Hamilton'sBawn and Tanderagee, and in-
cludes Lowry's lough, which is on the borders of the
three baronies of Armagh, O'Neilland West, and Lower
Fews. Many of the inhabitants are engaged in hand-
loom linen-weaving, which branch of industry is carried
on in most of the farm and cotters' houses. The living
is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Armagh, and in
the patronage of the Incumbents of the parishes of Ar-
magh, Mullaghbrack, and Loughgall, by turns. The
church, a plain structure in the early English style, was
built in 1841, at a cost of £950, whereof £233 were from
the funds of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the
remainder from private sources ; it affords accommoda-
tion for 350 persons. The Presbyterians have a small
place of worship ; and eight schools are supported by
his Grace the Lord Primate and the Church Education
Society. There are several Danish forts within this dis-
trict. Lowry's lough, which is close to the church,
supplies the city of Armagh with water.
KILDAVIN, a parish, in the barony of Forth,
union and county of "Wexford, and province of Lein-
ster, 3i miles (S. by \V.) from Wexford, on the road
to Bridgetown ; containing 1099 inhabitants, and com-
prising 341 1,: statute acres. It includes part of the
mountain of Forth ; the land is chiefly under tillage, and
the state of agriculture gradually improving. Good
building-stone is found in several places. At Mourn-
town Cross is a manufactory for coarse woollcn-cloth,
and blankets and flannel are also made here, chiefly for
the neighbouring farmers, who supply their own wool.
Kildavin is in the diocese of Ferns, and is a rectory,
forming part of the union of St. Patricks, Wexford :
the tithe rent-charge is £93. 15. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Pierces-
town : the chapel, at Mourntown, together with the
school-house attached to it, was lately rebuilt by sub-
scription, on an acre of ground presented by N. A.
Vigors, Esq. A parochial house for the Roman Catholic
clergyman has been also erected near the chapel. The
old castle, or tower, of Rathlannan stands in that part
of Johnstown deer-park which is in this parish ; but of
the castle of Mourntown, burnt during the disturbances
in the early part of the l/th century, not a vestige can
be traced.
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K I L-D O
KILDECAMOGUE, a parish, partly in the barony
of Carra, but chiefly in that of Gallen, union of
Castlebar, county of Mayo, and province of Con-
NAVGHT, 5 miles (E. by N.) from Castlebar, and on the
road from Ballinrobe to Foxford ; containing 39'23 in-
habitants. It comprises 75531 statute acres. The
surface is mountainous ; the lands are almost exclusively
under tillage, and there is a moderate proportion of bog.
A customary marlvet is held on Wednesday, during the
winter ; a fair is held at Keelogues on Sept. 6th, and
fairs in the village of Ballyvary on May '29th, Aug. 17th,
and Nov. 14th. The parish is in the diocese of Tuani,
and is a rectory and vicarage, forming part of the ecclesi-
astical union of Castlebar, and also of the perpetual
curacy of Turlough : the tithe rent-charge is £96. 18. 6.,
payable to the incumbent of Castlebar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Turlough, and has a chapel at Keelogues. On the banks
of a small river which flows from Lough Lanach into
Lough Culleen, at Currawn, are the remains of an
ancient fortress ; and at Danganmore are the ruins of
another.
KILDELLIG, or Kildellygly, a parish, in the
barony of Clarmallagh, union of Roscrea, Queen's
county, and province of Leinster, 3| miles (S. E. by S.)
from Burros-in-Ossory, and on the road from Mount-
rath to Rathdowney ; containing 342 inhabitants. It
comprises 1251 statute acres; and is a rectory, in the
diocese of Ossory, forming part of the union of Rath-
downey : the tithe rent-charge is £43. 2. 6. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Aghaboe. A religious estabhshment existed
here at an early period, the last mention of which is in
885, when the abbot was killed by the Danes.
KILDEMOCK, or Kildernock, a parish, in the
union and barony of Ardee, county of Louth, and
province of Leinster, 1 mile (S. S. E.) from Ardee, on
the road from that place to Drogheda; containing 1104
inhabitants. It comprises 3246 statute acres, princi-
pally under tillage, with no waste or bog; there is a
good limestone-quarry. At Drakestown^s a constabu-
lary police station. The parish is in the diocese of
Armagh, and is a rectory forming part of the union of
Ardee ; the tithe rent-charge is £150. The glebe-house
of the union, built in 1781, at an expense of £1010. I.,
is situated here ; the glebe comprises 40 acres, valued
at £120 per annum. In the Roman Cathohc divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Ardee, and has
a handsome chapel at Drakestown. The church is in
ruins.
KILDERRY, a parish, in the barony of Gowran,
union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Lein-
ster, 4 miles (N. E. by N.) from Kilkenny ; containing
575 inhabitants. It comprises 2192^ statute acres"
and is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory,
untd lately forming part of the union of Mothell : the
tithe rent-charge is £120. In the Roman Catholic di-
visions the parish is part of the district of St. John's.
KILDIMO, or KiLDEEMo, a parish, in the union of
Rath keale, barony of Kenry, county of Limerick
and province of Munster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Pallas-
Kenry, and on the road from Limerick to Tarbert ■
containing 36*0 inhabitants, of whom 218 are in the
village. It comprises 6183 statute acres, 600 of which
arc rich corcass land, 200 bog, and the remainder arable
which produces particularly fine wheat : the substratum
is limestone. At the foot of the finely wooded hill of
Dromore is a deep lake of about 30 acres, separated
from another of about 45 by a small bog. The sur-
rounding country is fertile and picturesque, particularly
to the south of the village. The village consists of
nearly 40 houses ; and another, called New Kildimo, is
rising up on the new road which was made for the mail
from Limerick to Tralee, and which is very level and
good, but has been superseded by that through New-
castle, which is much shorter. The parish is in the dio-
cese of Limerick : the rectory forms part of the union of
St. Michael's and corps of the archdeaconry ; and there is
a perpetual curacy, instituted in 1S15, endowed with the
tithes of five townlands containing 6/2 acres, and in the
patronage of the Archdeacon of Limerick. The tithe
rent-charge is £304. 13. 6., of which £207. 14. are pay-
able to the archdeacon, and the remainder to the per-
petual curate. The church, which is small, was rebuilt
in 1*05. There is a glebe-house, for the erection of
which the late Board of First Fruits gave £150 and lent
£50, in 1810 ; the glebe comprises 6^ acres. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a
district, comprising the parishes of Kildimo, Ardcanny,
and Chapel-Russell, and containing two chapels, one a
large plain building in the village of Kildimo, and the
other at Whiteforge. The parochial school-house is at
present occupied by a family. Near the western ex-
tremity of the parish are the ruins of a church, only 12
feet long and 8 broad, the walls and doors of which are
tolerably perfect ; it was built about 1290 by the Knights
Templars, on lands given by Dermot O'Donovau. Kil-
dimo Court, which is nearly entire, was the seat of the
Hartstonge family. In the grounds of BoUane Cottage
are the ruins of Bollane Castle, built by the O Donovans
in the 15th century; near the river Mague are the re-
mains of Cullan Castle, built by one of the Fitzgeralds
in 1514, and taken by Sir Hardress 'Waller in 1651 ; and
at Bally culhane are the ruins of a third, the history of
which is unknown.
KILDOLLAGH, or Kildallock, a parish, in the
union of Coleraine, partly in the barony of Upper
DuNLUCE, county of Antrim, but chiefly in the north-
west Liberties of Coleraine, county of Londonderry,
and province of Ulster, 2 miles (S. E.) from Coleraine,
and on the river Bann ; containing 969 inhabitants.
It comprises 2006 statute acres, of which 1984 are in
Londonderry ; the land is fertile, and well drained,
fenced, and cultivated. Ecclesiastically, the parish is a
rectory, in the diocese of Connor, forming part of the
union of Rasharkin. Near the village of Loughans are
the ruins of the ancient church ; also the foundations
of the castle of M'^^Quillan, where a sanguinary battle
was fought, in 1534, between the rival septs of O'Kane
and M'^Quillan. Not far distant is a lofty fort, contain-
ing a large cave.
KILDORRERY, a post-town or village, and a parish,
in the union of Fermoy, partly in the barony of Fer-
MOY, but chiefly in that of Condons and Clongibbons,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 2* miles (N.)
from Cork, and 137 (S. W.) from Dublin ; at the intersec-
tion of the roads from Fermoy to Limerick and from Mal-
low to Mitchelstown ; containing 1994 inhabitants, of
whom 544 are in the town. This parish comprises 3337
statute acres. The land, with the exception of about 500
K I L— D R
K I I D Y
acres of mountain pasture, is chiefly under tillage, and is
in general good j but although there exists an abundance
of limestone, the state of agriculture is rather back-
ward. Springvale, the property of the Earl of Kingston,
is within the parish. In the town, which comprises
about 90 houses, are a dispensary and a constabulary
police station; and fairs are held on May 1st, June
'27th, Sept. ;5rd, aud Nov. '27th, chiefly for the sale of
horses and cattle. The parish is in the diocese of
Cloyne ; the rectory is impropriate iu J. Nason, Esq.,
and the vicarage is united to the rectory and vicarage
of Nathlash or St. Nicholas : the tithe rent-charge,
amounting to £'239. 6. 6 , is payable in equal portions
to the impropriator and the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Kildorrery, which also comprises the parishes of
Farihy, Templemollogga, Carrigdownane, and Nathlash :
the chapel near Kildorrery has been rebuilt. The pas.s
of Redchair, on the border of this parish, is memorable
for the artifice practised by Lord Mountgarret on the
Lord-President St. Leger, who, having collected his
forces to oppose the passage of the insurgents from the
county of Limerick, was deceived by a fictitious com-
mission which Lord Mountgarret produced as from the
king, on which the lord-president disbanded his forces
and retired.
KILDRESS, a parish, in the union of Cookstown,
barony of Dungannon, county of Tyrone, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 3 miles (W. byN.) from Cookstown,
and on the road from Omagh to Belfast ; containing
8192 inhabitants. This parish anciently formed part of
the O'Hagans' country, and subsequently belonged to
the earls of Tyrone, by whose rebellion it was forfeited :
in 1638 it was granted by Charles I. to R. Richardson,
Esq., whose descendant. Captain W. Stewart Richard-
son, is the present proprietor. It comprises '26,'2.5l|
statute acres ; part of the land is under an excellent
system of cultivation. The mountain tracts consist of
sienite, granite, quartz, and basalt, and in the valleys
are found clay-slate, limestone, coal, and valuable free-
stone. The principal seats are, Oaklands, the resi-
dence of the Richardson family ; Drumshambo ; and
Wellbrook. A manorial court for Manor- Richardson is
held at Legnacash the second Monday in every month,
for the recovery of debts under 40j. At Wellbrook is a
large bleach-green. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Lord
Primate : the tithe rent-charge is £'265. 10. The church
is a large and handsome building with a lofty square
tower, erected in 1818, and for which the Board of First
Fruits granted a loan of £1'200, and £'200 were raised
by assessment ; it was lately repaired by aid of a grant
of £1,51 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The
glebe-house was built by aid of a gift of £100, in 1791,
from the Board of First Fruits : the glebes consist of
S6'2 acres, of which '2'25 are unprofitable land. The
Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the
Established Church, and has a small plain chapel at Kil-
lanan and another at Dunamore. At Oritoris a Presby-
terian meeting-house in connexion with the General
Assembly ; and there are various schools in the parish,
to one of which the Rev. R. Stewart gave £50 and two
acres of land. The ruins of the old church are about a
mile eastward from the present church ; it was burnt in
the war of 1641, but restored in 1698, and used for
55
divine service till 1818. Here are also the ruins of
Maheraglass priory, which was founded by Terence
O'Hagan in r242, and fortified by the O'Hagans in the
rebellion against Queen Elizabeth, from which circum-
stance it is sometimes called Maheraglass Castle. — See
Oritor.
KILDROUGHT.— Sec Celdridce.
KILDRUM, a parish, in the union of Tralee,
barony of Corkaguiney, county of Kerry, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 2f miles (\V.) from Dingle, on the
road to Ventry ; containing r217 inhabitants, and com-
prising 2889 statute acres. Of this area, about one-
fourth consists of coarse mountain pasture. The
southern part of the parish forms the peninsula which
separates the harbours of Dingle and Ventry : a small
cove of the latter comes up to the village, the inhabitants
of which are chiefly employed in fishing. The seats are
Monadee and Ballyameen. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the patronage of
the Bishop : the rectory is impropriate in Lord Ventry,
and the tithe rent-charge is £83. 1. 6., of which two-
thirds are payable to the impropriator aud the remainder
to the vicar. There is a glebe of three acres, but neither
church nor glebe-house. In the Roman Catholic di-
visions this parish forms part of the district of Dingle.
The ruins of the old church still remain, in the burial-
ground ; and at Ballycunneen is an ancient olilong in-
closure of about half an acre, called CahircuUane or
Collin's Castle, in one angle of which is a circular
building somewhat similar to Staigue Fort, in the parish
of Kilcrohane, but of much smaller dimensions.
KILDRUMFERTON, or Crosserlovgh, a parish,
partly in the baronies of Upper Loughtee and Clon"-
MAHON, but chiefly in that of Castleraha.v, union
and county of Cavan, and province of Ulster, 9 miles
(N. W.) from Oldcastle, and on the left of the road from
Ballynagh to Mount-Nugent ; containing 10,466 inhabit-
ants. It comprises l6,436f statute acres, including
207| under water. The living is a vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Kilmore, and in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the rectory is impropriate in the representatives of
Richard, Earl of Westraeath, and the tithe rent-charge
is £504, of which £204 are payable to the impropria-
tors and £300 to the vicar. In 1831, four townlands
were separated from this parish to form part of the per-
petual curacy of Ballyjamcsduff, to the incumbent of
which the vicar of Kildrumfertou pays an annual stipend
of £20. The parish church is a very neat structure,
rebuilt in 1812, the late Board of First Fruits granting
a loan of £450, and recently repaired by aid of a grant
of £114 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The
glebe-house was built about 1 802, by the then incum-
bent, at a cost of £1 100 : the glebe comprises 343f acres.
The Roman Catholic parish is nearly co-extensive with
that of the Established Church, but is commonly called
Crosserlough ; there is a large and well-built chapel at
Crosserlough, erected in 1830, and another is in course
of building at Drumkeely. Iu the parish are five na-
tional schools, and tsvo schools under the Church Edu-
cation Society, one of which is supported by the Hon.
Mr. Alaxwell and the other by the vicar.
KILDYSART, or Killadysert, a post-town and
parish, in the union of Kilrcsh, barony of Clonder-
LAW, county of Clare, and province of Mvnster, 12
miles (S.S.'w.) from Ennis, and 122 miles (S. W.) from
K I L-D Y
K I L— F A
Dublin ; at the confluence of the rivers Shannon and
Fergus, and on the old mail-road from Ennis to Kilrush ;
containing 5130 inhabitants, of whom 604 are in the
town or village. The parish comprises 1^,8595 statute
acres, which are chiefly in tillage. Sea-weed and sand
are in general use for manure, and the state of agricul-
ture is gradually improving : there is still, however,
a considerable portion of bog. Culm exists in some
places, and is partially worked ; and good building-stone,
which is also used for flagging, is procured. Off the
■western shore of the Fergus, and within the limits of
the parish, are several islands. The town, which con-
tains about 60 houses, is irregularly built, but has lat-
terly been much improved: a steam-boat passes daily
either to or from Limerick. It has a market on Wed-
nesday under a patent ; and fairs are held onMay 2'2nd,
July 1.5th, Aug. 27th, and Oct. 11th: there are petty-
sessions every alternate Monday ; and a court for the
manor of Crovreahan is held by Colonel Wyndham's
seneschal, about once in si.x weeks, in which small debts
are recoverable. Here is a chief station of the con-
stabulary police, who have a substantial barrack. Appli-
cation was lately made to the Board of Public Works
for aid in the erection of a pier at Carriginriree, and to
improve the quay near Kildysart, both of which objects
have been effected : pigs, corn, butter, and other agri-
cultural produce are sent to Limerick in boats; and
building materials, grocery, &c., are brought in return :
vessels of 105 tons have been freighted at the quay.
The gentlemen's seats are, Ballyartney, Ross Hill, Shore
Park, Lanesborough, Crowhan, Ballylane Lodge, and
Tonlagee. Part of the beautifully situated demesne of
Cahircon, the seat of Bindon Scott, Esq., also extends
into this parish, from the more elevated parts of which
extensive views are obtained of the rivers Fergus and
Shannon, and of the islands by which the former is
studded at its confluence with the latter.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe,
united to the vicarage of Kilchrist and the rectory of
Kilfarboy, constituting the union of Kildysart, in the
patronage of the Wyndham family : the rectory is im-
propriate in Bindon Scott, Esq. The tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £311. 10. 9., of which £207. 13. 10. are
payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
vicar. The church, a small plain building, was erected
in 1812, the late Board of First Fruits giving £500; it
has been lately repaired, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
havmg granted £122 for that purpose. The glebe-house
IS a substantial building, for the erection of which the
late Board m 1818 gave £400 and lent £240 ; the glebe
comprises about 12 acres, and has been much improved
by the present incumbent. In the Roman Cathohc
divisions this parish gives name to a district, which also
comprises the parish of Kilfedane and contains the
chapels of Kildysart, Coulmeen (or Rockmount), and
Cranny-bridge: the first is a handsome and spacious
building of recent erection ; and contains a well-exe-
cuted altar-piece; the other chapels are in Kilfedane.
The rums of the old church still remain, in the burial-
ground, near the shore ; and there are many Danish
forts and tumuli in the parish. A monastery is said to
have been founded on Low Island by St. Senan of Innis-
cattery, before St. Patrick came into Munster ; and St.
Moronoc is said to have had a cell here at the time of
Senan s death, called " the Penitentiary of Inisluaidhe."
56
KILFANE, a parish, in the barony of Gowran,
union and county of Kilkenny, and province of
Leinster, 2 miles (N. E. byN.) from Thomastown, and
on the road from Dublin to Waterford ; containing 931
inhabitants. This parish is supposed to have derived
its name from the foundation of a church here at a very
early period by St. Phian : it comprises 397 If statute
acres, and is principally under tillage ; the agriculture
is moderately good, and there is plenty of limestone,
which is used for manure. The principal seats are, Kil-
fane House, the handsome residence and demesne of the
Power family ; Summer Hill ; and Castlefield. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, united by
act of council, in I676, to the vicarages of TuUowherin
and Blanchevillestown, together forming the union of
Kilfane and the corps of the archdeaconry of Ossory, in
the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of
the parish is £205. 10., and of the whole benefice
£410. 7. 8. The church is a neat edifice with a spire,
built in 1832, at a cost of £800, whereof £500 were a
loan from the Board of First Fruits, and £300 were
raised by subscription ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
lately granted £114 for its repair. The glebe-house was
erected by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of £600, in
1811, from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe com-
prises 46 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the union of Thomastown. Here
are some remains of the ancient church, and of Kilbline
and Ballynaboola Castles.
KILFARBOY, a parish, in the union of Ennis-
TYMON, barony of Ibrickane, county of Clare, and
province of Munster, Smiles (S. S. W.) from Ennis-
tymon, and on the western coast; containing, with the
post-town of Miltown-Malbay, 7498 inhabitants. It
was anciently called Kilfobrick, from the monastery of
that name, founded in 741, and of which Cormac, who
died in 837, is said to have been bishop, but of which
no traces now remain. In the reign of Elizabeth, part
of the Spanish Armada was wrecked on this coast, at a
place since called " Spanish Point. " The parish com-
prises 13,98l| statute acres, a considerable portion of
which consists of mountain pasture and bog ; sea-weed
abounds, and is in general use for manure, but the state
of agriculture is rather backward. Mount Callan, which
forms a conspicuous landmark, is chiefly in this parish,
and rises 1288 feet above the sea : in one of its hollows
is Loughnamina, noted for its fine trout. Indications
of coal and ironstone appear in several places ; slate is
found at Freagh ; and at Ballard, near Miltown, stone
of superior quality is quarried for building. At Freagh
is a station of the coast-guard, having a detachment at
Liscanor. The gentlemen's seats are, Miltown House,
Merville Lodge, Seaview, Westpark, and Spanish Point ;
and there are several neat lodges in the vicinity of Mil-
town-Malbay (which see) for the accommodation of the
numerous visiters who frequent that fashionable water-
ing-place during the summer.
The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe : the rectory
forms part of the union of Kildysart ; the vicarage was
episcopally united, in 1801, to that of Kilmihill or Kil-
michael, together constituting the union of Kilfarboy, ia
the gift of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £415. 7- 8., of which £236. 5. are payable to
the rector and the remainder to the vicar; the vicarial
union produces a total rent-charge of £234. 10. 5. The
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K I I.— 1' E
church, at Miltown, is a small plain edifice with a square
tower, built in 1805, and towards which £500 were
granted by the Board of First Fruits : it was lately re-
paired, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners having granted
£104 for that purpose. The glebe-house was erected
in 1814, a gift of £337 and a loan of £79 having been
granted by the Board : the glebe comprises about eight
acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish
forms part of the district of Miltown, which also com-
prises the parish of Kiliiiurry-Ibrickane and contains
two chapels, situated respectively at Miltown and Mul-
logh : the former has been rebuilt on a larger scale.
On the shores of this parish are several springs of a
chalybeate nature, but not much used for medicinal pur-
poses. At Freagh are the ruins of the castle of that
name, and there are several ancient raths or forts. At
the side of Loughnamina, on Mount Callan, a very large
and remarkable sepulchral stone of great antiquity was
discovered, about 1*84; it bears an inscription, in the
ancient Ogham character, having the peculiarity of being
read in five different ways, to the memory of the chief
Conan, whose death is alluded to in one of the legends
of the 8th century (ascribed to Ossian) as having taken
place the year before the battle of Gabhra, which was
fought in 296. From the hard texture of the stone the
inscription, when discovered, was perfectly legible. On
the south side of the mountain is a large cromlech, or
Dniidical altar, nearly perfect, supposed to have been
dedicated to the sun, and popularly called Darby and
Crane's bed ; and near it are two smaller ones, and the
remains of a stone rath, in which part of a covered way
i.s still visible.
KILFAUGHNABEG, a parish, in the union of
Skibbekeen, Western division of the barony of East
Carbery, county of Cork, and province of Munster,
3 miles (S. W. by W.) from Rosscarbery, and on the road
from Cork to Skibbereen ; containing 2556 inhabitants.
It is bounded on the south by St. George's Channel, and
on the west by the harbour of Glandore, and comprises
31 "27 statute acres. The surface is gently undulating.
The soil is light, and the system of agriculture in a very
unimproved state ; the old heavy plough is yet in use,
and the practice of carrying manure to the land and re-
moving the produce on the backs of horses is still
retained, except on the lands of Drumbeg, the proprietor
of which has introduced the most approved implements
and practice of husbandry. There are some quarries of
good slate ; manganese of superior quality has been
raised ; and rich indications of copper were lately dis-
covered on the lands of Glandore. The scenery around
the bay and harbour is beautifully picturesque, especially
near the pleasing village of Glandore on one side, and of
Union Hall on the opposite side, of the bay. Con-
siderable improvements have taken place at Glandore,
which see. The bay is spacious and secure, affording
good anchorage ; and on the point of land of Reeno-
greenagh is a signal tower, which was built after the
descent of the French on this part of the coast in 1796.
The principal seats are, Drombeg, Glandore House,
Stone Hall, Westview House, Chateau Maria, Prospect
House, Glandore Castle, Kilfinnan Castle, Glen Villa,
and Glandore Lodge. The parish is in the diocese of
Ross : the rectory till lately was part of the union and
corps of the archdeaconry of Ross ; and the vicarage
was part of the union of Kilraacabea, but the two
Vol. H.- 57
parishes were separated on the demise of the late in-
cumbent, and Kilfaughnabeg is now a distinct benefice,
in the patronage of the Bishop : a church has been fitted
up at Glandore. The tithe rent-charge is £'2'23. 4., all
payable to the incumbent, who is both rector and vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Kilmacabea, and has a chapel at Glan-
dore. There are some interesting remains of the old
church j those of the ancient castles of Glandore and
Kilfinnan, which were extensive, have been modernised
and enlarged, forming the handsome residences pre-
viously noticed.
KILFEACLE, a parish, in the barony of Clan Wil-
liam, union and county of Tiiterary, and province of
Munster, 35 miles (S. E. by li.) from Tipperary, on the
road from that place to Cashel ; containing 2176 in-
habitants. It comprises 6501 statute acres; some of
the land is of excellent quality, and good limestone is
abundant. A fair is held on July lOth, chiefly for wool
and lambs. The parish is in the diocese of Cashel, and
is a rectory, forming part of the ecclesiastical union of
Tipperary: the tithe rent-charge is £276. 18. 6. In
the Roman Catholic divisions Kilfeacle forms part of
the district of Golden, and has a chapel near the Moat.
There are the remains of castles at Grantstown and
Castle-Field ; also a large Danish moat.
KILFEARA, a parish, in the barony of Shille-
LOGHER, union and county of Kilkenny, and province
of Leinster, 25 miles (S. E. by S.) from Kilkenny, and
on the river Nore ; containing 218 inhabitants, and
comprising 964^ statute acres. Here is a constabulary
police station. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Ossory, forming part of the union of Burnchurch ;
the rectory is impropriate in Lady Tynte Caldwell, to
whom the whole of the tithe rent-charge, amounting to
£24. 4. 6., is paid. In the demesne of Sheestown are
the ruins of an ancient church, which is the burial-place
of the Shee family.
KILFEDANE, a parish, in the union of Kilrush,
barony of Clonderlaw, county of Clare, and pro-
vince of Munster, 4^ miles (W. S. W.) from Kildysart,
and on the river Shannon, near its junction with the
Fergus ;■ containing 4661 inhabitants. It comprises
13,733^ statute acres, including a large tract of im-
provable mountain and bog : the portion in tillage is
generally manured with sea-weed and sand. Culm is
found at Shanahea, and partially worked. Within the
parish are the mansion and principal part of the de-
mesne of Cahircon, the seat of Bindon Scott, Esq.,
beautifully situated at the confluence of the Fergus and
Shannon, of which an eminence near the house com-
mands an interesting view, embracing a large portion of
the shores of those rivers and the numerous islands by
which their estuary is studded. Adjoining the demesne
is Clifton House, lately erected by Mr. Scott ; it occupies
a beautiful situation contiguous to the shores of the
Shannon, of which it commands an extensive view.
There is a ferry from Clifton to Foyne's Island, on the
opposite shore of the Shannon. The parish is in the
diocese of Killaloe : the rectory is impropriate in -Mr.
Scott, and the vicarage forms part of the union of Kil-
murry-Clonderlaw. The tithe rent-charge is £200. 15.5.,
of which £124. 12. 4. are payable to the impropriator,
and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions Kilfedane forms part of the district of
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Kildysart : the chapel at Coulmeen is a large building
of recent erection ; and at Cranny bridge, on the border
of the parish, is another. There are some ruins of the
old church. About 17 SO, when an East India fleet took
refuge in the Shannon, an encampment was formed in
the deer-park of Cahircon.
KILFEGHAN.— See Kilbroney, in the county of
Down.
KILFEIGHNEY, a parish, in the union of Lis-
TOWEL, barouy of Clanmaurice, county of Kerry,
and province of Munster, 5 miles (S. W.) from Lis-
towcl, on the road to Tralee ; containing '23S8 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 11,408 statute acres: the land is
chiefly in tillage, but there is a large portion of coarse
mountain pasture, and some bog ; limestone is quarried
for manure. The chief seat is Banemore House, roman-
tically situated on the brow of a mountain, which is
extensively planted. The parish is in the diocese of
Ardfert and Aghadoe : the rectory is impropriate in the
Earl of Cork, and the vicarage, with one-fifth part of
the rectory of Ardfert and the vicarage of Ballyconry,
constitutes the corps of the precentorship in Ardfert
cathedral, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £166. 15., payable in equal
portions to the impropriator and the precentor. The
glebe lands of the precentorship comprise 11.5 statute
acres ; and the gross value of the dignity, tithe and
glebe inclusive, previously to the passing of the Rent-
charge act was £207. 14. 10. per annum. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the district of
Abbeydorney, but chiefly in that of Lixnaw. The ruins
of the ancient church, in the burial-ground, form a very
picturesque object.
KILFENNY, a parish, in the union of Rathkeale,
Eastern division of the barony of Upper Connello,
county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 4 miles
(S. W.) from Adare, and on the road from Croom to
Ballingarry ; containing 1090 inhabitants. This parish
comprises 243S statute acres ; about 3'20 are common
and 90 bog, and of the remainder, two-thirds are under
tillage, and one-third in pasture. The surface is uneven,
rising in some places into hills of considerable elevation ;
the soil is in general fertile, and the system of agricul-
ture improved. Fairs are held on the common on May
15th, July 14th, Sept. l^th, and Dec. S^nd, chiefly for
cattle. Kilfenny is in the diocese of Limerick, and is a
rectory and vicarage, forming part of the union of
Nantinan and corps of the precentorship in the ca-
thedral of Limerick : the tithe rent-charge is £101. 3. 6.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Croagh and Kilfenny; the chapel is a
small edifice. There are some remains of the old church,
in which is a tablet to the Pigot family ; and near it
are the remains of Ballynakill House, which, having
been converted into a barrack, was burnt by the
Rockites in IS'i'J. At the foot of a hill are the remains
of Kilfenny Castle, built by Cormac Mac Einery in the
reign of John ; it afterwards belonged to the Kildare
family, by whom it was forfeited in the reign of Eliza-
beth. It was besieged by the Irish under Colonel Purcell,
in 1641, and resolutely defended by the widow of Sir
John Dowdall for some time, but ultimately surrendered.
Near the boundary of the parisli are the picturesque
ruins of Finnitterstown Castle, which was also forfeited
by the same family iu 1598.
5«
KILFENORA, a town and parish, and the seat of a
diocese, in the union of Ennistymon, barony of CoR-
coMROE, county of Clare, and province of Munster,
4i miles (N. N. E.) from Ennistymon, on the road to
Curofin; containing 3286 inhabitants, of whom 621 are
in the town or village. This place, called anciently
Fenabore, and Cellumabrach, though evidently of great
antiquity, has not been much noticed by the earlier
historians ; the first mention that occurs of it is in the
Annals of Ulster, in which it is stated that Murrough
O'Brien, in 1055, burnt the abbey, and slew many of
the inhabitants. In the 12th century, the religious
establishment which had been founded here (by whom
or at what date is unknown) became the head of a small
diocese. The town appears to have been of some im-
portance, and a general market was held here, but since
the increase of Ennistymon, the place has been till
lately gradually declining; the original market is no
longer held, and it has dwindled into an inconsiderable
village. Fairs are, however, still held on the 4th of
June and 9th of October, for cattle and sheep. The
town contains 112 houses, and has been lately much
improved by the proprietor, John O'Brien, Esq., who
has rebuilt many of the houses of his tenants ; an ex-
tensive butter-market is held every Thursday ; and there
is a receiving-house for letters in connexion with
Ennistymon.
The See is of very uncertain origin, neither is it pre-
cisely known who was the first bishop ; though many
are of opinion that St. Fachnan, to whom the cathedral
is dedicated, must have been the founder. Of his suc-
cessors, who were called bishops of Corcomroe, there
are but very imperfect accounts ; and of the history of
the see, as of the town, very little is preserved. In the
ancient distribution of the bishoprics, made by Cardinal
Paparo in 1 152, this see was suffragan to the Archbishop
of Cashel. It remained a separate diocese till after the
Restoration, when it was annexed to the archbishopric
of Tuam ; and it continued for SI years to be held with
that diocese, till, on the annexation of Ardagh to Tuam,
it was separated from it and given in commeiidam to
the bishopric of Clonfert, with which it was held till
1/52, when it was united to the see of Killaloe, with
which it still remains. Kilfenora is one of the sixteen
dioceses which constitute the archiepiscopal province of
Dublin, and is the smallest in Ireland ; it lies wholly
within the county of Clare, and comprehends only the
baronies of Burrin and Corcomroe, which formed part
of the ancient territory of Thomond. The diocese ex-
tends 23 miles in length and 1 1 in breadth, comprising
an estimated superficies of 37,000 acres. The lands
belonging to the see comprise 9237 acres, of which
2350 are profitable land; the gross annual revenue of
the bishopric is returned with that of Killaloe. The
chapter consists of a dean, precentor, treasurer, and
archdeacon ; there are neither minor canons, preben-
daries, nor vicars-choral : a consistorial court is held
occasionally by the vicar-general. The diocese com-
prises 19 parishes, included in six ecclesiastical unions ;
there are three parish churches, one other place in which
divine service is performed, and three glebe-houses.
The cathedral, dedic ated to St. Fachnan, and which is
also used as the parish church, is a venerable structure
with a massive square tower, commanding a very ex-
tensive and interesting view ; the aisle lately underwent
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repair, and is fitted up as the parish church, for which
purpose the Ecclesiastical Commissioners granted £4'21.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this diocese is united
to that of Kilmacduagh, and comprises eight unions, in
which are 15 chapels, served hy eight parish priests and
two coadjutors.
The parish comprises 10,776J statute acres, a con-
siderable portion of which is good grazing-land, and
the remainder mostly under profitable cultivation ; the
system of agriculture is improving, and there is a large
tract of valuable bog. To the east of the town is a
turlough, which in summer alfords very rich ])asture for
fattening cattle, but in the winter is under deep water
after heavy rains. A new road has been made between
the town and Ennistymon, with great benefit to the
intervening district. The chief seats are Ballykeale and
Kilcarragh. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Kilfenora, united from time immemorial
to the rectories of Clouney and Kiltoraght, together con-
stituting the corps of the deanery of Kilfenora, in the pa-
tronage of the Crown : the tithe rent-charge of the parish
is £187. 10., and of the whole union £31'2. 10. In the
church are two monuments, one of which is supposed
to be that of the founder, bearing a full-length effigy
rudely sculptured ; and to the north of the transept is
another. The deanery or glebe- house, now occupied by
the dean's curate, the Rev. Thomas Lyon, and towards
the erection of which the Board of First Fruits con-
tributed a gift of £300, and a loan of £450, was built
about the year 1813; and has been greatly improved
by the Very Rev. W. H. Stackpoole, D.D., the present
dean, who has added an extensive range of out-offices
to the house : in the shrubberies is a perfect ancient
rath, thickly planted. The glebe and deanery lands
comprise '231 plantation acres, of which "0 are good
pasture and the remainder mountain land ; the gross
annual value of the deanery, tithe and glebe inclusive,
before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £482. 18.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is held with
that of Kiltoraght ; the chapel here is a neat modern
edifice in the village, and a chapel has been just erected
in the parish of Kiltoraght. There is an excellent dis
pensary. At Kilcarragh, very near this place, on the
estate of Sir W. M'^JMahon, was anciently an hospital or
monastery, endowed with a quarter of land, and which,
after the Dissolution, was granted to John King. Near
the cathedral is a stone cross of very light and beautiful
design ; and in the churchyard is a plain cross of great
antiquity : there were formerly seven crosses around
this place, but these are the only two remaining.
KILFENTINAN, a parish, in the union of Lime-
rick, barony of Lower Bunratty, county of Clare,
and province of Munster ; contiguous to the post-town
of Six-mile-bridge (of which it includes a small portion) ;
containing '2633 inhabitants, and comprising 61 15 statute
acres. It is situated on the northern shore of the river
Shannon, and comprehends the two small inhabited
islands of Grass and Graigue, containing respectively
six and five plantation acres of rich pasture land. Near
the latter is a rocky shoal called " the Scarlets," on
which is a low tower erected as a guide to the navi-
gation of the river. On the shores of the parish are
some of the rich corcasses, which yield a succession of
abundant crops without any manure. The land is
mostly in tillage, and the state of agriculture has been
59
latterly improved. A court for the manor of Bunratty
is occasionally held at Cratloe, by Colonel Wyndhatn's
seneschal, in which small debts are recoverable. Here
is a station of the constabulary police. The scats are,
Cratloe Woods, the occasional residence of Augu.stus
Stafford O'Brien, Esq. ; and Ballintlea, of J. Kelly,
Esq. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lime-
rick, and in the patronage of Colonel 'Wyndham, in
whom the rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent- charge
is £'200. 1'2. 6., of which £148. 2. 6. are payable to the
impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. The
Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the
Established Church ; the principal chapel is at Cratloe
Cross, and there is another at Ballyliddane, near Six-
mile-bridge. The ruins of the castles of Cratloe, Cratloe
Kail, and Ballintlea, still remain ; also those of an old
church on Gallows hill, and of another at Crochan. Near
the latter is a very perfect Druidical altar or cromlech.
KILFERGUS.— See Glinn.
KILFIERAGII, a parish, in the union of Kilrl'Sh,
barony of Moyarta, county of Clare, and province of
Munster, 7 miles (\V. by N.) from Kilrush, and on the
western coast; containing 7137 inhabitants. It com-
prises 98705- statute acres, the greater part of which is
under tillage : sea-weed is in general use for manure.
Near Kilkee is a quarry of good building-stone ; and
nearly in the centre of the parish lies Dough bog, con-
taining about '200 plantation acres, from which and
other bogs extending into the adjoining parishes a vast
quantity of turf is cut, and sent from Poulanishery
harbour (formed by an inlet of the river Shannon) to
Limerick. The boats employed in conveying the turf
return with building materials and with limestone from
the Limerick side of the Shannon. At Farahie bay,
near the northern extremity of the parish, about 50
canoes are employed in the fishery ; and at Kilkee or
Moore bay, about half that number are similarly em-
ployed. A seneschal's court is occasionally held at
Lisdeen for the manor of Kilrush, in which small debts
are recoverable. The seats are Atlantic Lodge and the
House of Kilkee ; and there are several neat bathing-
lodges in the vicinity of Kilkee village. Tlie parish is
in the diocese of Kilialoe : the rectory is partly impro-
priate in the representatives of Lord Castlecoote, but
chiefly, with the vicarage, forms part of the union of
Kilrush and corps of the prebend of Inniscattery. The
tithe rent-charge is £'215. 5., of which £17- IS. are
payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to the
incumbent. The old church, a small plain edifice, is
said to have been rebuilt by the M'Dounell family early
in the last century ; it was repaired a few years since,
at an expense of £100, defrayed by the Board of First
Fruits. A new parochial church has been built at
Kilkee, at a cost of £1384, whereof £1184 were from
the funds of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and
£200 from private sources ; it affords accommodation
for 400 persons, and is situated conveniently to the
most populous part of the parish. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions Kilfieragh is within the district of Kil-
kee, where the principal chapel, a large and handsome
building of recent erection, is situated ; there is another
chapel at Lisdeen. At Kilnahallagh, on the western
side of Poulanishery harbour, a nunnerj' is said to have
been founded by St. Senan : it is called Kilnacaillecb,
or " the Church of the Nuns ;" and the ruins of the
I 2
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chapel still exist, with a burial-ground attached. Near
Moore bay is a small rocky island, nearly inaccessible
from the height of its cliffs ; it is traditionally stated
that a bishop was at some former period here starved to
death, and the place is still called Ilawn an uspiig usthig,
or " the Island of the Starved Bishop." Near Kilkee is a
large rath, attributed to the Danes. — See Kilkee.
KILFINAGHTY, a parish, in the union of Li.me-
RicK, barony of Lower Bunratty, county of Clare,
and province of Munster ; on the river Ougarnee, and
on the old road from Limerick to Ennis ; containing,
with the greater part of the post-town of Six-mile-
bridge, 3801 inhabitants. It comprises 81091 statute
acres, including a large portion of coarse mountain pas-
ture and bog ; the remainder is in general of good
quality and chiefly under tillage. Slate exists, but is
not worked. The gentlemen's seats are Castle Crine,
Mount Ivers, Castle Lake, Springfield, and Mount Ivers
Lodge. Kilfinaghty is in the diocese of Killaloe : the
rectory forms part of the union of Omullod, and the
vicarage is united to those of Kilmurrynegaul, Tomfin-
lough, Finogh, Clonloghan, Kilconry, and Bunratty,
constituting the union of Kilfinaghty, in the gift of
the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£133. 6. 6., of which £64. 0. 6. are payable to the
rector, and the remainder to the vicar, who receives the
entire tithe of the townland of Ballysheenmore, con-
taining ISO plantation acres; the entire tithe of the
vicarial union is £'247. 1". The church of the union is
at Six-mile-bridge, and the glebe-house in the parish of
Bunratty; the glebe consists of Iji acres. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Six-mile-bridge, where the chapel is situated.
At Ballysheen are the ruins of an ancient church, with
several tombs of very early date ; and within the limits
of the parish are the remains of the old castles of
Cappa, Castle Crine, Mountcashel, and Ballycullen :
those of the last are extensive, and some vestiges of the
outworks are still visible ; those of Mountcashel stand
on an eminence near a lake, which thence takes its
name. — See Six-mile-briege.
KILFINANE, a market-town and parish, in the
union of Kilmallock, barony of Costlea, county of
Limerick, and province of Munster, 5 miles (E. byS.)
from Kilmallock, on the road from that place to Mit-
chelstown; containing 43,56 inhabitants, of whom 1782
are in the town. The town is situated in the midst of
a group of mountains, by which it is surrounded on all
sides but the north, where it opens upon the rich vale
of Kilmallock. It consists of two principal and several
smaller streets, containing 308 houses, many of which
are large and well built, and have been recently erected
by the Misses Gascoigne, coheiresses of the late R.
Oliver Gascoigne, Esq., to whom the property belongs,
and who have also built and furnished an hotel, flagg'^d
the foot-paths, and made other improvements, which
will in a little time change the aspect of the district for
the better. Many Palatine families were brought hither
from Rathkcale, about 1740, by the Right Hon. Silver
Oliver. In 1793, the attacks made on the town by the
Defenders were repelled twice, and the assailants were
ultimately defeated by the Palatines and other inhabit-
ants, under Charles Silver Oliver, Esq. ; at a later period,
also, when an attack from the disaffected was anticipated',
the respectable inhabitants armed themselves in defence
60
of the place. The people are mostly engaged in agricul-
tural occupations ; a few are employed in the weaving of
linen and cotton goods ; and not far from the town are
oatmeal-mills, besides others at Sunville, about two miles
distant. The market is on Saturday, and is well attended ;
fairs, for farming stock and implements, are held on
May igth, Aug. 9th, and Oct.'JSth : the market-house is
a large and commodious building, substantially repaired
in 1836. Here is a constabular}' police station, and
petty-sessions are held on alternate Saturdays. Quarter-
sessions were formerly held here, but have been removed
to Bruff ; it is, however, in contemplation to restore
them : a small bridewell, consisting of two day-rooms,
two yards, and four cells, has been built ; and the ses-
sions-house, which is large and convenient, has been
repaired. A spacious and handsome fever hospital was
erected in 1836, at an expense of £700; an accident-
ward and a dispensary are attached. The parish com-
prises 64S7 statute acres. The mountains consist prin-
cipally of coarse conglomerate and red sandstone; silver
and iron ores are found, and coal is supposed to exist ;
limestone-gravel is abundant, and is much used for
manure. The land is generally good, and there are
large dairy-farms, and a considerable tract of bog and
mountain pasture ; much of the mountain land has
been brought into cultivation, and in a great measure
provides for many poor families. The principal seats
are Spa Hill, Spring Lodge, Bossonstown, and Brookville
Cottage. A splendid mansion, to be called Glenortly
Castle, is now in progress of erection in the demesne of
Castle-Oliver, by the Misses Gascoigne.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick,
united by act of council to the vicarage of Daragh,
forming the union of KUfinane, in the patronage of the
Earl of Cork, partly in whom and partly in the family
of Freeman the rectory is impropriate. The tithe rent-
charge of the parish is £247. 10., of which £78. 15. are
payable to the Earl of Cork, and £123. 15. to the vicar;
the rectorial tithe of Bossonstown, Bosnitstown, and
Moorestown, amounting to £45, is payable to the family
of Freeman. The church was rebuilt in 1760, and is a
large plain edifice. The glebe-house was built in 1S13,
the late Board of First Fruits giving £400 and lending
£386 ; the glebe comprises 4^ acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising the parishes of Kilfinane, Particles, and
Ardpatriek, and containing two chapels ; one a large
plain building at Kilfinane, erected in 1835 at an ex-
pense of £1000; and one at Ardpatriek. Adjoining
the church are the ruins of an ancient castle, built by
the Roches. Near the town are a rath and three strong
forts ; also a large artificial cave. Castle Oliver, which
was successively occupied by the Fitz-Harrises and the
Roches, and since 1641 by the Olivers, is now in ruins.
Eastward of the town is a fine sulphuro-chalybeate
spring, of great efficacy in cutaneous diseases. Outside
the town is " the Danes' fort," a mound about 130 feet
high, 50 feet in diameter at the base, and 20 at the
summit, encircled by seven earthen ramparts about 20
feet apart, gradually diminishing in height from the
innermost to the outermost, which is about 10 feet high
and 2000 feet in circuit : an extensive view is obtained
from the summit.
KILFINURA, a village, in the parish of Ballyna-
haglish, union of Tralee, barony of Trughenackmy,
K I L-F L
K I L— r R
county of Kerry, and province of Munster, 5 miles
(W.) from Tralee, and on the bay of that name. A
fishery is carried on here, which is gradually increasing:
about fifteen large boats employed in it are also engaged
in conveying corn and other produce from Blenncrville
to this place, and merchandise from the larger vessels
up the shallow part of the bay to Tralee. Several pilots
reside in the village, which is a station of the coast-
guard, removed some years ago from Barra harbour.
In the vicinity is a quarry, producing large blocks of
fine limestone, raised with very little blasting, and lately
used in the construction of the Tralee ship-canal. A
regatta is generally held in the bay about the month of
August.
KILFITHMONE, or Fithmone, a parish, in the
union of Thurles, barony of Eliogarty, county of
TjpPERARY, and province of Munstkh, 4 miles (S. W.)
from Templemore, and on the road from Cashel to
Burris-o-leigh ; containing 695 inhaliitanfs. It com-
prises 1330 statute acres, of which about three-quarters
are arable and one-quarter pasture land ; there is a bog
of about 50 acres, and plenty of limestone. The living
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel,
united by act of council, in 1789, to the rectories and
vicarages of Barnane and Killoskehan, and in the pa-
tronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £75, and of the whole union £236. 15. The
church was rebuilt in 1832, the late Board of First
Fruits granting a loan of £500. The same Board, in
1794, had given £100 towards the erection of the glebe-
house : the glebe comprises I9|- acres.
KILFLYN, or Kilflin, a parish, in the union of
LisTowEL, barony of Clanmaurice, county of Kerry,
and province of Munster, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from
Tralee, on the upper road to Listowel ; containing 1088
inhabitants, of whom 147 are in the village. It com-
prises 6697 statute acres, of which upwards of one-half
consists of coarse mountain pasture ; the remainder,
with the exception of about 270 acres of bog, is good
arable land. A vein of limestone extends into this
parish from Kilfeighney, but at too great a depth to be
properly worked : coal is also supposed to exist. A patent
for fairs on May 11th and 12th, July Sth and 9th, Oct.
7th and Sth, and Nov. 5th and 6th, granted by Charles
II., has been revived by T. Ponsonby, Esq., whose seat,
Crotto House, is situated in an extensive and finely
wooded demesne, which extends into the parish of Kil-
toomy. From a bridge over the small river Shannow,
Glenballema, which here presents the form of an am-
phitheatre, has a highly picturesque effect. The living
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe,
united about 1750 to those of Kiltooray, Killaghin, Kil-
shinane, Baliinacourty, Minard, and Stradbally, together
constituting the union of Kilflyn, in the patronage of
the Earl of Cork. The tithe rent-charge of the parish
is £63. 14., payable in equal portions to the impropriator
and the vicar ; and the tithe of the entire union of the
vicar is £412. 7. 6. The church, a plain structure, was
erected in ISll, £S00 being given by the Board of
First Fruits ; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
lately granted £217 for its repair and the erection of a
tower. The glebe-house of the union is at Baliina-
courty ; and there are also a church, and a glebe of 10
acres, at Baliinacourty, which now generally gives name
to the union. In the Roman Catholic divisions this
61
parish forms part of the district of Abbeydorney : the
chapel is a plain building. Some vestiges exist of the
old church ; and at Kill is a holy well, still frequented
by the peasantry for devotional purposes.
KILFLYN, a parish, in the union of Kilmallock,
barony of Costlea, county of Limerick, and province
of Munster, 8 miles (S. E.) from Kilmallock, and on
the road from Limerick to Kildorrcry ; containing 177M
inhabitants. This parish, which is situated in the midst
of a group of mountains separating the counties of Cork
and Limerick, was waste and uncultivated previously
to the year 1740, when a considerable number of Pala-
tines, a branch from the colony of Rathkeale, settled
here, and contributed to its improvement. It contains
4S19 statute acres; a great portion is still unproduc-
tive, but much of the waste has been brought into culti-
vation, and at the head of Glenroe is a large tract of
land equal to any in the barony for fertility. The prin-
cipal mountains are Kilcruig and Coolfrie, or Hounds-
court. Slate of good quality is quarried in the imme-
diate neighbourhood. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Limerick, and in the patronage of the Bishop :
the tithe rent-charge is £120. The church, a neat
edifice with a square tower, was built in 181 1, by a gift of
£700 from the Board of First Fruits, who, in 1819, gave
£200 towards the erection of the glebe-house, which is
a handsome residence; the glebe comprises 15 acres.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Glenroe ; the chapel, situated in the
village of Ballyorgan, is a small thatched building.
There are remains of a Trinitarian monastery founded
by St. Finian about the year 547, and rebuilt in 1296
by the Fitzgeralds, whose property in this parish now
belongs to the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College,
Dublin. A considerable portion of the building fell
down in 1835, having been undermined in digging for
treasure supposed to have been deposited there.
KILFREE, a parish, in the union of Boyle, barony
of CooLAviN, county of Sligo, and province of Lein-
STER, 6 miles (\V.) from Boyle, on the road from that
place to Ballina ; containing 6048 inhabitants. It com-
prises 14,3 13 J statute acres; the soil is good, the land
principally in tillage, and there is abundance of turf
and limestone. Here is a constabulary police station,
and a manorial court is held occasionally. The prin-
cipal seats are, Kilfree, Mount Irwin, and Red Hill.
The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Achonry,
forming part of the union of Killaraght ; the rectory
is impropriate in Viscount Lorton, and the tithe rent-
charge is £215. 5. 6., which is equally divided between
the impropriator and the vicar. The church is a plain
building with a square tower, erected in 1826, the late
Board of First Fruits granting a loan of £600 towards
defraying the expense. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is the head of a district, called Gurteeo,
which comprises this parish and Killaraght, and has a
large chapel in Gurteen, built in 1829, and one in Kil-
laraght. A friarj- was erected at Knockmore in the
14th century, by O'Gara ; the doorway and windows
are in good preserxation, and it is still a favourite
burial-place. Here are also the ruins of Gara Castle,
the residence of that O'Gara who had the Psalter of Bal-
lymote written, and whose descendant. Colonel O'Gara,
left Ireland after the battle of Aughrim, having forfeited
his possessions, and entered the Austrian service.
K I L-F Y
KILFRUSH, a parish, in the union of Kilmallock,
barony of Small County, county of Limerick, and
province of Munster, 5 miles (E. by S.) from Bruff,
and on the road from Hospital to Galbally ; containing
335 inhabitants. It comprises 1526 statute acres; the
soil, which rests on limestone, is generally good and
well cultivated. Kilfrush House is the residence of the
Gubbins family, and is situated in an extensive and well-
plauted demesne, in which are the ruins of the church.
The parish is in the diocese of Emly ; the rectory is
impropriate in the representatives of the Earl of Arran,
and the vicarage forms part of the union of Aney : the
tithe rent-charge is £94. 2. 9-, of which £62. 5. are pay-
able to the impropriators, and the remainder to the
vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilfrush is
part of the district of Hospital.
KILFYAN, a parish, in the union of Ballina,
barony of Tvrawlev, county of Mayo, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, 65 miles (W.) from Killala, and on the
road from Crossmolina to Ballycastle ; containing 6040
inhabitants. This parish, which takes its name from
an abbey that was founded here by St. Finan, and,
according to Colyan, existed but for a short time, com-
prises 2S,735f statute acres, chiefly under tillage. The
system of agriculture is improving ; there is much
waste land, and in several parts are tracts of bog, which
are, however, being rapidly reclaimed and brought into
cultivation. Limestone is quarried for agricultural uses
and for building, and there are several quarries of slate :
iron-ore has been found in the picturesque glen of
Cleedagh, which is watered by a small river and com-
mands some fine views of the sea. The principal seats
are Greenwood Park ; Woodville, in the same demesne ;
Rappa Castle; Fahy ; Farmhill ; Mount Glynne; Killina ;
and Smithstown. Rappa Castle is a place of very great
antiquity ; the grounds are profusely embellished with
old timber, and the land is of the first quality. At
Brideswell is a large fair for horses on Feb. 1st; fairs are
held at Tonrahoweu on St. Stephen's, St. Patrick's, and
Corpus-Christi days; and at Fori field, a small village,
which lately obtained the grant of a market, are fairs
on Jan. 1st., June 15th, Aug. I6th, Sept. 8th, Oct. 29th,
and Dec. 1st. A constabulary police force is stationed
in Kilfyan. The parish is in the diocese of Killala : the
rectory is partly appropriate to the vicars-choral of the
cathedral of Christ Church, Dublin, and partly to the
precentorship of the cathedral of St. Patrick, Killala ;
the vicarage forms part of the union of Crossmolina.
The tithe rent-charge is £210, of which £21 are pay-
able to the vicars-choral of Christ Church, £84 to the
precentor of Killala, and the remainder to the vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilfyan is partly in
the district of Ardagh, and partly the head of a union
comprising also the parish of Rathrea ; the chapel is a
small thatched building. In Ballynglen, about two
miles from the sea, are the remains of the castle of
that name ; in this glen are found various incrusta-
tions of marl. There are also the ruins of a castle at
Rathroe ; and in different parts of the parish are raths,
in some of which are several apartments : there are
remains of cromlechs, and numerous cairns, in some of
which are wells of water ; and human skeletons of ex-
traordinary size have been discovered. Silver coins of
the reign of Anne, and others the dates of which could
not be ascertained, have also been found.
62
K 1 L— G A
KILGARRIFFE, a parish, partly in the barony of
Ibane and Barryroe, but chiefly in the Eastern divi-
sion of the barony of East Carbery, union of Ban-
don, county of Cork, and province of Munster ; con-
taining, with the post-town of Clonakilty, 6342 inhabit-
ants. It is situated on the shores of the harbour of
Clonakilty, and comprises 4328 statute acres. The
greater portion is under tillage, and there are some
tracts of good pasture : the soil, though light and in
some parts intermixed with rocks that rise above the
surface, is generally fertile ; and the system of agricul-
ture is improved, though the old heavy plough is still in
use. Near the town, and at Crohane, in the northern
part of the parish, are about 500 acres of bog. There
are several quarries of blue slate on the lands of the
Earl of Shannon, and indications of copper may be seen
in various parts. The scenery is pleasingly varied,
and along the coast are lofty cliffs ; the principal seats
are Ballydevane House, Kilgarriffe House, Fern Hill,
and Ballyduvane. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Ross, united to those of Desert and Island,
forming the union of Kilgarriffe, in the patronage of
the Bishop : the rectory is impropriate in Michael Ro-
berts, and Thos. W. Foot, Esqrs. The tithe rent- charge
of the parish is £322. 10., half of which is payable to
the impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar ; the
entire tithe of the vicarial union, including the prebend
of Island, with which it is held, amounted before the
passing of the Rent-charge act to £510. The church
is at Clonakilty, u-ldch see. There is no glebe-house,
but a glebe of five acres. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is the head of the district of Clonakilty,
comprising also the parishes of Kilnagross, Temple-
omalus, and Carrigrohane-More, and parts of Inchidony
and Kilkerran-More ; there is a spacious chapel at
Clonakilty, and one on the lands of Donay, in Temple-
omalus. In the town is also a place of worship for
Wesleyan Methodists. The parochial schools, and also
an infants' school, are supported by the incumbent and
his lady ; the parochial school-house for the girls was
built in 1810 by subscription, and that for the boys, a
good slated building, was erected at an expense of
£150, of which £50 were given by the Association for
Discountenancing Vice, £50 by the Earl of Shannon,
and £50 by the Rev. Horatio Townsend. A large and
handsome school-house, containing three rooms, with a
residence for the mistress, was built in 1835, by sub-
scription and a grant of £310 from the National Board,
on ground given by the Earl of Shannon.
KILGARRILANDER, a parish, in the union of
Tralee, barony of Trughenackmy, county of Kerry,
and province of Munster, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from Mill-
town ; on the north side of Castleraaine harbour, and
on the road from Castleisland to Dingle ; containing
2889 inhabitants. It comprises 14,630 statute acres.
The land partly consists of a fine alluvial soil on a
substratum of limestone ; but a large portion of the
parish is occupied by the southern side of the moun-
tains of Cahirconree and Bourthriggoum : it also com-
prises a valuable bog of considerable extent. The
parish is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe : it is a
rectory, forming part of the union of Kiltallagh ; the
tithe rent-charge is £162. 13. 10., and there is a glebe
of 1 1 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilgarri-
lander is part of the district of Castlemaine : there is a
K I L-G A
K I L— G A
chapel at Boulteens. Remains of the old church still
exist, in the burial-ground ; and at Ardcanaught is a
burial-place, used only for children.
KILGARVAN, Cork.— See Great Island.
KIL(iARVAN, a parish, in the union of Kenmare,
barony of Glanekough, county of Kerry, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 6 miles (N. E.) from Kenmare, on
the road from that place to Millstreet and Macroom ;
containing 3988 inhabitants, of whom 143 are in the
village. Callan, in this parish, is celebrated for the
surprise, defeat, and slaughter, in l'26i, of John Fitz-
Thomas and his son Maurice (ancestors of the Fitz-
geralds, earls of Desmond) by the M'^Cartys : tradition
states that a younger son, named John, escaped the
slaughter, and was afterwards called " John of Callan."
The parish comprises 43,631 statute acres, a large por-
tion of which consists of mountain and bog, the greater
part reclaimable, from the abundance of limestone that
exists. The want of roads having rendered improve-
ments ineffectual, a road was opened about twenty
years since towards Macroom, in the county of Cork ;
and a new road is now in course of formation by the
Board of Works, from Kilgarvan to Bantry, through a
wild glen, opening out a great extent of mountainous
land which, it is hoped, will be soon brought into cul-
tivation from the facility now presented of obtaining
limestone from Kilgarvan quarries. A mining company
has been formed for nine or ten years past, and is still
working copper-mines at Clontoo. The river Roughty,
which takes its rise in this parish, runs through a pic-
turesque valley into the river Kenmare ; it produces
excellent salmon and trout. Near the village is a
station of the constabulary police, and petty-sessions
are held on the first Tuesday in every month.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert,
united to that of Killaha, together constituting the union
of Kilgarvan, in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Donoughmore.
The tithe rent charge of the parish is £166. 3., pay-
able in equal portions to the impropriator and the vicar ;
the gross vicarial rent-charge of the union is £173. 1. 6.
The church is a neat building, situated about a mile from
the village, and for the erection of which the Board of
First Fruits, in 181.5, gave £600; the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners lately granted £1'25 for its repair. The
glebe-house, a substantial mansion was built in 1S18,
when the Board granted £400 as a gift and £280 as a
loan for that purpose : the glebes here comprise 2 1 acres,
subject to a rent of £'2'. 13. ; and there is another glebe
of about 7h acres, the property of the vicar, besides one
of 6 acres, which, with one-third of the tithes of the
" church quarter," belongs to the Archdeacon of Agha-
doe. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that
of the Established Church ; the chapel is in the village,
and adjoining it are the ruins of the old church. The
parochial school, near the church, is supported by the
incumbent and other subscribers. At Ardtully are the
remains of an ancient castle, which, from the thickness
of the fragments of wall that remain, must have been of
great strength ; it was reduced by Cromwell during the
civil wars. On one side of the river Roughty, which
here separates a limestone soil from one of grit, a large
limestone rock is seated on a bed of grit-stone ; while a
large rock of grit appears on the limestone, on the other
side of the river. Near a small brook in the mouutain-
63
ous district is a rock, which, from numerous impressions
like those of human feet, bears the name of " the Fairy
Rock. '
KILGARVAN, Donegal.— See Killycarvan.
KILGARVEN, a parish, in the union of New Ross,
barony of Shelmalier West, county of Wexford,
and province of Leinster, '2^ miles (N. W.) from Tagh-
mon, on the road to Adamstown and New Ross ; con-
taining 1060 inhabitants, and comprising il'T) statute
acres. It is a rectory in the diocese of Ferns, and forms
part of the union of Iloretown ; the tithe rent-charge is
£117.6. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is part of the district of Taghmon : there is a small
thatched chapel at Caroreigh ; a new one is in progress
of erection. Some remains of the church yet exist.
KILGARVEY, or Kilgarvin, a parish, in the union
of Ballina, barony of Gallen, county of Mayo, and
province of Connaught, 5 miles (E. S. E.) from Ballina,
on the road from that place to Boyle ; containing 41.58
inhabitants. This parish includes part of the Ox moun-
tains, and comprises 19,879^ statute acres, of which
a considerable tract is reclaimable bog ; it contains lime-
stone, and lead-mines are supposed to exist. Fairs are
held at Bonneconlan, or ODowda's-town, on the 13th
of May, June, and Aug., and Nov. '2nd. That village
consists of one street, and is a constabulary police sta-
tion ; it is an improving place, and a weekly market was
lately established in it. The parish is in the diocese of
Killala; the rectory is impropriate in Sir W. H. Palmer,
Bart., and the vicarage forms part of the union of
Ardagh : the tithe rent-charge is £211. 8. 4., which is
equally divided between the impropriator and the vicar.
The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of
the Established Church ; the chapel, at ODowda's-town,
is a slated building erected in ISOO, and since rebuilt.
Here are several raths and an ancient burial-ground.
KILGAVOWER, or Kilgeever, a parish, in the
barony of Mvrrisk, union of Westport, county of
Mayo, and province of Conn aught, 1 1 miles (w. S. W.)
from Westport, and on Clew bay ; containing 12,573
inhabitants. It comprises 58,09S:j statute acres, of
which a large portion is mountain and bog. Fairs, and
a weekly market, are held at Lewisburgh, uhich see.
The parish is a rectory, vicarage, and perpetual curacy,
in the diocese of Tuam ; the rectory is appropriate to
the chapter of the cathedral of Tuam, the vicarage forms
part of the union of Aughaval, and the perpetual curacy
is called Lewisburgh, and is in the patronage of the
vicar: the tithe rent-charge is £180, of which £45 are
payable to the chapter, and the remainder to the vicar.
The church is a neat building at Lewisburgh, erected in
1798, by a gift of £500 from the Board of First Fruits.
There are a glebe-house and glebe. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this parish forms two districts, one
consisting of Clare Island and Innisturk, and the re-
mainder forming the district of Lewisburgh ; there are
two chapels, one at Goulagh, the other at Lewisburgh.
The mountain of Cmagh Patrick, 2510 feet above the
level of the sea, is traditionally stated to have been the
spot on which St. Patrick assembled all the venomous
reptiles to banish them from Ireland, and is a celebrated
place of pilgrimage ; on the summit, which commands
a fine view, is St. Patrick's chapel, built of loose stones,
and there are several small piles of stones that are used
as altars.
K 1 L— G L
KILGEFIN, a parish, in the barony of South Bal-
LiNTOBBF.B, utiion and county of Roscommon, and
province of Coxnavght, 4^ miles (S.) from Stokestown,
on the road from that place to Roscommon ; containing
3760 inhabitants. In a skirmish which took place here
in 1795, many of the peasantry were killed. The parish
comprises Co'60:J: statute acres, and is bounded on the
east by Slieve Bawn, which is supposed to contain cop-
per and lead ores. The living is a vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Elphin, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
rectory is impropriate in the representatives of Lord
Kingsland : the tithe rent-charge is £1 19. 6. per annum,
which is equally divided between the impropriator and
the vicar. The church is a neat plain structure, erected
in 1S24, by aid of a gift of £900 from the late Board of
First Fruits. There is a glebe-house, with a glebe of 10|
acres, subject to a rent. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions this parish is the head of a district, comprising Kil-
gefin, Kilbride, and Clontuskert, and containing chapels
at Ballagh, Ballyleague, and Four-mile-house.
KILGERRIL, or Kilgirdlf., a parish, in the union
of Ballinasloe, partly in the barony of Kilconn'ell,
but chiefly in that of Clonmacnoon, county of Galway,
and province of Connaught, 3 miles (W. N. W.) from
Ballinasloe, on the road from that place to Ahascragh ;
containing 1443 inhabitants. This parish comprises
6S3'2| statute acres, of which a considerable portion is
bog. The chief seats are Fairfield and the Lodge. Kil-
gerril is a vicarage, in the diocese of Clonfert, forming
part of the union of Aughrim ; the rectory is appropriate
to the see, the deanery, and the vicarage ; and the tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £78. 4. 8. In the Roman
Catholic divisions Kilgerril forms part of the district of
Fohana : the chapel, which stands on the road side,
was erected in the year 1834.
KILGLASS, a parish, partly in the barony of Ab-
BEVSHRL'EL, partly in that of Ardagh, but chiefly in
the barony of Moydow, union and county of Longford,
and province of Leinster, 4^ miles (S. W.) from Edge-
worthstown, and on the road from Ardagh to Ballina-
carrig ; containing 2977 inhabitants. It comprises 5744
statute acres, including about 100 acres of heathy moun-
tain and a considerable quantity of bog ; there is some
good limestone. The living is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Ardagh, united by act of council, in
1737, to the vicarages of Rathrea and Ahara, forming
the union of Kilglass, in the patronage of the Bishop :
the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £144. 14.; and
the gross value of the benefice, including tithe and glebe,
before the passing of the Rent-charge act was £486. 6.
per annum. The church, a plain building with a square
tower, was erected in 1814, at an expense exceeding
£1000, towards which the Board of First Fruits granted
a loan of £368. The glebe-house was built by aid of a
gift of £350 and a loan of £450 from the same Board :
the glebe here comprises 49 acres, valued at £90, 9. 2. ;
and there is a glebe of 37 acres at Ahara, valued at
£59. 19- 2. per annum. The Roman Catholic union is
co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and is
called the union or district of Lagan, having two chapels ;
that of Kilglass at Lagan, and that of Rathrea at Bally-
eloghan. Lagan is a small village at the extremity of
the parish, in which a patron is held on Sept. 8th. Two
schools are partly supported by the Countess Dowager
of Rosse and the rector. St. Echea, sister of St. Mell,
64
K I L— G L
is said to have been abbess of a nunnery here iu the 5th
century.
KILGLASS, a parish, in the union of Cabrick-on-
Shannon, partly in the barony of Roscommon, but
chiefly in that of North Ballintobber, county of
Roscommon, and province of Connaught, 5^ miles
(E. by N.) from Strokestown, on the road from that
place to Rooskey ; containing 10,493 inhabitants. It
comprises 15,970^ statute acres, including about 1400
acres of bog ; the land is principally under tillage, and
there are some quarries of stone. The principal seats
are Gilstown, Lavagh, and Churchview. It is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Elphin, and in the patronage of
the Bishop : the rectory is impropriate in the repre-
sentatives of Lord Kingsland ; the tithe rent-charge is
£510. 12. 10|., which is equally divided between the
impropriators and the vicar. The church, a neat struc-
ture, was erected in 1825, by aid of a loan of £1000
from the Board of First Fruits, and was recently repaired
by aid of a grant of £101 from the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners. The glebe-house was built by aid of a loan
of £400 and a gift of the same amount from the Board
of First Fruits, in 1813 : the glebe comprises five acres.
The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of
the Established Church, and has chapels at Kilglass,
Mullogh-M'Cormick, Moher, and Moyglass, the two
latter lately built.
KILGLASS, a parish, in the union of Ballina,
barony Tyreragh, county of Sligo, and province of
Connaught, 8 miles (N. N. E.) from Ballina, and on the
bay of Killala ; containing 4941 inhabitants. Many of
the peasantry who assembled here in 1798 were killed
in an attack made by the cavalry. The parish comprises
12,884|- statute acres, chiefly under tillage, with a con-
siderable quantity of bog : among the seats are, Car-
rowned ; Ohil, a handsome house lately built ; and
Kinnaird. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Killala,
forming part of the union of Castle-Connor ; the rectory
is appropriate to the bishopric, the deanery, and the
precentorship of Killala. The tithe rent-charge is £357,
of which £175. 10. are now payable to the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners, £3 to the dean, £3 to the precentor, and
£175. 10. to the vicar. The church is a neat building
with a spire, erected in 1829, by aid of a gift of £900
from the late Board of First Fruits. There is a glebe
of 17 Irish acres, but no glebe-house. The Roman
Catholic parish is co-estensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church, and contains a chapel, built in 1S25, at
an expense of £600. Of several public schools, one is
endowed with a bequest of £400 from the late Rev. J.
Valentine, which sum has accumulated to £2000 : the
school- house is a good stone building, and cost £215.
At Enniscrone, in this parish, the property of Robert
Orme, Esq., a very handsome lodge was lately built by
that gentleman, who has enabled his tenants there to
erect comfortable slated houses, which now form a con-
siderable village, having a receiving-house for letters,
and a market ; it is also a coast-guard station belonging
to the Sligo district, and a constabulary police station.
Petty-sessions are held there on alternate Saturdays,
and fairs on June 15th and Sept. 18th; a fair is also
held at Quiguboy on July 20th. At PuUogheany creek,
on the east side of the bay of Killala. small vessels land
kelp, &c., in summer : it has tolerably good shelter in
most winds, behind the breakwater. Near this creek
K I L-G O
K I L— G O
stand the ruins of a castle, and there are also ruins of
castles at Enniscrone and Lacken,
KILG()B.\N.--See Ballinadee.
KIL(TOBBIN,or KiLCOBnAx.a parish, in the union
and barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 5^ miles (S. by E.) from Dublin, on
the road to Enuiskerry ; containing 101'2 inhabitants.
This parish comprises 3'257 statute acres ; the system of
agriculture is improving. Ballybrack, and the principal
part of the Three Rock mountains, are within its limits ;
and there is an abundance of fine granite, used for build-
ing, flagging, &c., and chiefly sent to Dublin. Good turf
is obtained from the mountains. The parish contains
several pretty villas, which, from their elevated situation,
command extensive views, embracing the bay and city
of Dublin, with a great expanse of sea and adjacent
country : the principal are Fern Hill, Kilgobbin Cottage,
and Jamestown House. There is a constabulary police
station in the village of Stepaside. Kilgobbin is a per-
petual curacy, in the diocese of Dublin, forming part of
the union of Kilternan : the tithe rent-charge is £1 1'2. 10.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the district of Sandyford or Glancullen. A school is
aided by subscriptions, and collections at an annual
charity sermon ; and a national school has been lately
built. Here are the remains of an ancient castle, erected
by the family of Walsh, by whom it was forfeited in the
reign of Charles I., when it passed to the Loftus family.
The church, which is said to have been the first
erected after the Reformation, stands near the castle, and
has been disused since 18'26, when one was built at Kil-
ternan. Near it is an ancient cross, about eight feet
high ; and there is another in the Jamestown House
demesne, in the vicinity of which was a holy well, dedi-
cated to St. James.
KILGOBBIN, a parish, in the union of Tralee,
barony of Corkaguiney, county of Kerry, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 7^ miles (W. S. VV.) from Tralee, on
the Connor-Hill road from that place to Dingle ; con-
taining 2384 inhabitants. It comprises 10,416 statute
acres : part of it is well cultivated ; sea-weed is mm b
used for manure, and there is a fine bank of shell-sand
at Bnnnavounder. On the side of the mountain of
Cahirconree is a quarry of indifferent slate, and iron is
said to exist at Carraduff : at Bunnow is a large flour-
mill. There is a constabulary police station at Knock-
glass. The principal seats are Knockglass and Garry-
hees. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the patronage of
the Bishop: the tithe rent-charge is £316. 10. The
church, for the erection of which the Board of First
Fruits granted a loan of £850, in 1825, is a handsome
building, with a square tower surmounted with pin-
nacles. There is a glebe-house, for the erection of
which the same Board gave £250 and lent £550, in
1819 ; the glebe comprises ten acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this parish is the head of a district,
called Cappaclough, comprising the parish of Kilgobbin
and part of Ballinvohir : the old chapel at Cappaclough
is in ruins, and a new building has been erected at Camp.
At the latter place are the ruins of an ancient castle. —
See Cappaclough.
KILGOBINET, a parish, in the union of Dun-
GARVAN, barony of DECiES-without-DRUM, county of
Water ford, and province of Munster, 2 miles (N.)
Vol. II.— 6o
from Dungarvan ; containing 3136 inhabitants. This
parish comprises 16,109 statute acres, and includes the
southern end of the elevated range of the Cummcragh
mountains, which are chiefly composed of clay- slate and
slaty conglomerate, with veins of quartz and sandstone.
It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, forming part
of the union of Modeligo ; the rectory forms the corps
of the prebend of Kilgobinet in the cathedral of Lis-
more : the tithe rent-charge is £285, of which £135 are
payable to the prebendary, and the remainder to the
vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is
the head of a district, comprising the parishes of Kilgo-
binet, Colligan, and Clonca, and containing three cha|)els,
two of which are at Kilgobinet, and one at Colligan.
There are some remains of the church.
KILGOGHLIN.— See Bumlin.
KILGORMAN, a parish, in the union and barony of
GoREY, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster,
5 miles (S. \V.) from Arklow, and on the coast-road
from Wexford to Dublin; containing 1321 inhabitants.
This place takes its name from St. Gorman, who, accord-
ing to Archdall, was abbot of a monastery founded here
at a very early period. It lies on the shore of St.
George's Channel, and comprises 5l64|- statute acres, of
which the greater portion is under tillage. The soil is
marshy, but the system of agriculture is slowly im-
proving, and there is neither waste land nor bog ; coal
has been found on the border of the parish, but no
works have been yet established. Hyde Park, the seat
of M. F. Beaumau, Esq., is a handsome mansion, in
grounds tastefully laid out, and commanding a fine view
of the sea, and of the escarpment of Tara Hill. Ahare,
likewise the property of Mr. Beauman, and Castletown,
are also in the parish. There are considerable herring-
fisheries at Clone and Saleen. Near the north-eastern
extremity of the parish is Kilmichael Point, off which,
about a mile from the shore and at the north end of the
Kilgorman sand-bank, is stationed a light ship, some-
times called the Arklow floating-light, from its position
near the south end of the Arklow sand-banks. Kilgor-
man bank extends more than four miles (S. W. by .'s.),
and has six feet of water on the north and three feet on
the south end, the latter nmning nearly opposite to the
new pier and harbour of Courtown. About halfway
between this great sand-bank and the shore is an oyster-
bed, about half a mile in extent, to the south of which
is a small sandbank called the Saleen Patch. At the
point is a coast-guard station. The parish is in the
diocese of Dublin and Glendalough : the rectory is
partly impropriate in Messrs. D. Howell, W. Johnson,
and C. Cooper, and partly forms a portion of the union
of Arklow ; the vicarage is part of the union of Inch.
The tithe rent-charge is £157. 10., of which £34. 12. 4.
are payable to the impropriators, £10. 10. to the in-
cumbent of Arklow, and the remainder to the vicar : the
glebe comprises 20i acres, including the churchyard,
where is the foundation of the church. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Arklow ; the chapel, at Castletown, built by sub-
scription in 1806, is a handsome edifice, with a lofty
square embattled tower crowned with pinnacles, which
was added in 1829. Adjoining it is a school-house,
built by subscription. Near the site of the old church,
on the sea-shore, is one of those raths or mounds
usually attributed to the Danes.
K
K I L— H E
K I L— K E
KILGRANT, or Powerstown, a parish, in the
union of Clonmel, barony of Iffa and Offa East,
county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, if
mile (E. X. E.) from Clonmel ; on the high road from
that place to Waterford, and the coach-road from Cork
to Dublin; containing 1133 inhabitants. It comprises
307 1 acres, and is watered by the rivers Anner and
Suir, over the latter of which is a stone bridge built at
the expense of the late Sir Thomas Osborne, Bart. ;
near the junction of the rivers are extensive flour-mills.
The chief seats are Annerville, Wilderness, and Red-
monstone House. The parish is a vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Lismore, forming part of the union of Kilcash,
or Killaloon ; the rectory is impropriate in John Bag-
well, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is £14.5. 7. 8., of
which £96. IS. 6. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Kilgrant is the head of a district, comprising
this parish and those of Donoughmore, Lisronagh, and
Kilcash, and having one chapel at Gammonsfield and
another in Kilcash.
KILGULLANE, or Kilcohilan, a parish, in the
union, and partly in the barony, of Fermoy, but chiefly
in the barony of Condons and Clongibbons, county of
Cork, and province of Munster, 2,; miles (S. S. W.)
from Mitchelstown, near the road to Glanworth ; con-
taining 1339 inhabitants. This parish comprises 3554
statute acres : the land, which is in general good, is
chiefly under tillage, and the state of agriculture is
gradually improving. KilguUane is in the diocese of
Cloyne : the rectory is partly impropriate in the Earl of
Donoughmore ; the remainder, with the vicarage, form-
ing part of the union of Glanworth. The tithe rent-
charge is £1*1. 12. 4., of which £5. 11. are payable to
the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish also forms part
of the union or district of Glanworth. The parochial
school is chiefly maintained by the incumbent, who
allows the master the use of the glebe land, containing
six plantation acres, rent free : the school-house, a neat
building, was erected at an expense of £60, of which
£50 were granted from the Lord-Lieutenant's school
fund, and the remainder was defrayed by the incumbent.
Some remains of the church still exist.
KILHENY, or Killeany, a parish, in the union of
Ennistymon, barony of Burren, county of Clare, and
province of Munster, about 11 miles (S. W.) from
Burren, and near the road from Ballyvaughan to Bally-
aliue bay ; containing 520 inhabitants. It is the estate
of the Creagh family, by patent of Charles II.; and
comprises 3306| statute acres, consisting chiefly of
rocky mountain pasture, but containing some very rich
grazing farms, from which large droves of cattle are
sent to Cork and Liverpool. About two feet below the
surface is a stratum of excellent limestone, causing
great productiveness in the soil, which, on the townland
ot Ballyconroe South, has been known to yield nine
crops in succession without manuring. Kilhcuy is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilfenora, form-
ing part of the union of Kilcorney and the corps of the
chancellorship of the cathedral of Kilfenora : the tithe
rent-charge is £18. 15. In the Roman Cathohc divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Tuoclea, or
Arranview, and has a small chapel at Toumavara.
Within the limits of Kilheny are the ruins of a chapel,
66
the burial-ground of which is still used ; five forts,
called Cahers, composed of huge blocks of limestone,
with underground apartments ; a cromlech ; and a cave
called Paul Ilva, more than 150 feet in depth, at the
bottom of which is seen a subterraneous stream, which,
after a course of about two miles, appears above ground
near the old parish church.
KILHOOLY.— See Kilcooly.
KILKEA, a parish, in the union of Athy, barony of
Kilkea and Mqone, county of Kildare, and province
of Leinster, 2^: miles (N. N. W.) from Castlederraot,
on the road from that place to Athy ; containing 465
inhabitants. It comprises 3096^^ statute acres ; the
principal scats are Milbrook, Kilkea Lodge, Kilkea
House, and Kilkea Castle. This castle was built in
1180, by De Lacy, and afterwards passed to the earls
of Kildare. In 1414, the O'Mores and O'Dempseys
were defeated here by the Lord Justice. The castle was
nearly rebuilt by Lord Kildare, in 1426, and now be-
longs to the Duke of Leinster. The living is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Dublin, united to the vicarage of Castle-
dermot, and in the patronage of David C. La Touche,
Esq. ; the rectory is impropriate in the Rev. Sir Eras-
mus Borrowes, Bart. : the tithe rent-charge is £157. 10.,
two-thirds payable to the impropriator, and one-third to
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish
forms part of the district of Castledermot. Near Kilkea
Castle is a large conical mount covered with trees, and
to the east of it are the remains of an old church.
KILKEARY, a parish, in the union of Nenagh,
barony of Upper Ormond, county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Nenagh, on
the road to Cashel ; containing 794 inhabitants. It
comprises 2727 statute acres ; the land is generally good,
and mostly under tillage. Greenanstown House is the
seat of Count D'Alton. The parish is in the diocese of
Killaloe, and is a rectory, forming part of the union of
Ballynaclough and corps of the deanery of Killaloe :
the tithe rent-charge is £90. There are remains here
of an old church.
KILKEASY, a parish, in the union of Waterford,
barony of Knocktopher, county of Kilkenny, and
province of Leinster, 2f miles (S.) from Knocktopher,
and on the road from Thomastown to W^aterford ; con-
taining 1247 inhabitants, and 3317|- statute acres. It
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, form-
ing part of the union of Kilmoganny : the tithe rent-
charge is £138. 15., payable to the vicars-choral of Kil-
kenny. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Ballyhale.
KILKEE, or Doogh, a village, in the parish of
Kilfieragh, union of Kilrush, barony of Moyarta,
county of Clare, and province of Munster, 65 miles
(W. by N.) from Kilrush, and on the western coast ;
containing 1481 inhabitants. In 1841 it consisted of
286 houses ; since which time several houses and
bathing-lodges have been erected, the village being
much frequented as a bathing-place, chiefly by the citi-
zens of Limerick, on account of its remarkably fine
strand, which is sheltered by a ledge of rocks stretching
across one-third of Kilkee bay. There are tepid baths,
the property of Jonas Studdart, Esq. It has a receiv-
ing-house for letters in connexion with Kilrush, and is
a constabulary police station and a coast-guard station,
the latter being one of the six within the district of
K I L— K E
K I I.-K E
Miltown-Malbay. Petty-sessions are held every Friday,
and a court for the recovery of small debts is occasion-
ally held for the manor of Kilrush. It is in contempla-
tion to estat)lish fairs in May and August. A new
parochial church has been erected at this place ; a
handsome and spacious Roman Catholic chapel has
been built, and there are a parochial school, and a dis-
pensary.— See KiLFiERAGn.
KILKEEDY, or Kilkeady, a parish, in the union
of GoRT, barony of iNCHia^'iN, county of Clare, and
province of Munster, 6 miles (N. E.) from Curofin, on
the road to Gort ; containing 3975 inhabitants. It is
situated on the confines of the county, and comprises
1H,6'29:| statute acres, a large portion of which is rough
mountain pasture. Of the several lakes. Lough Buneagh
is of considerable extent. The principal seats are,
Uockforest, situated in a finely planted demesne extend-
ing nearly a mile along the road; Rockvale ; Carrigna-
goule ; Ratope ; and Derryowen. Fairs are held at
Turraghmore on the 8th of June, and at Tubber on July
l'2th and Sept. '20th, chiefly for cattle ; the first is
numerously attended. Petty-sessions are held at Derry-
owen every alternate week, and a court for the manor of
Inchiquin occasionally for the recovery of small debts.
The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe : the rectory is
partly appropriate to the prebend of Tomgrany in the
cathedral of Killaloe, partly impropriate in the repre-
sentatives of the Right Hon. James Fitzgerald, and
partly united with the vicarage, which forms part of the
union of Kilneboy. The tithe rent-charge is £108. 3.,
of which £6. 6. 7. are payable to the prebendary, £9- 9. 3.
to the impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar.
The church is a small plain edifice, without tower or
spire; it was built in 1*93, by aid of a gift of £360
from the Board of First Fruits. There is a glebe of 10
acres. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with
that of the Established Church, and contains a large
chapel at Boston, and a smaller one at Tubber. Some
remains exist of the castles of Rockvale, Fidane, Carrig-
nagoule, Ratope, Derryowen, and Kilkeedy : the castle
of Fidane is nearly perfect ; that of Derryowen was a
square tower, 116 feet high, with very spacious rooms,
but part of it has fallen.
KILKEEDY, a parish, in the barony of Pubble-
briex, union and county of Limerick, and province of
Munster, 4^ miles (S. W. by \v.) from Limerick, on
the road from that city to Tarbert ; containing, with
part of the town or village of St. Patrick's- Well,
4109 inhabitants. The castle of Carrigogunnell, or
Carrig Oge Connuil, in this parish, was held by O'Brien,
Prince of Thomond, in 1316, when he joined the stand-
ard of Edward Bruce. It was strengthened by Dhubh,
son of Conogher O'Brien, but in 1483 was in the pos-
sessicm of the earls of Kildare ; it seems, however, to
have reverted to the O'Briens, as they were besieged in
it, in l."i36, by the Earl of Ormonde, and it was sur-
rendered by and rcgranted to Brien Dhubh O'Brien, in
1584. The insurgents obtained possession in 164'2,
surrendered the castle in 1648, and retook it soon after,
but finally evacuated it on Cromwell's approach in
16.51. At the Revolution it was held by the adherents
of King James, but the place surrendered to General
S'Gravenmore, and was destroyed by gunpowder, S4
barrels being necessary on account of its great strength.
The castle was built on a basaltic rock, 500 feet above
67
the level of the Shannon ; two of its towers are still
moderately perfect, and several of the foundation walls
have been repaired by W. Monsell, Esq. The Templars
had a castle at Carrig-a-Quincy, which at the suppres-
sion of their order was granted to the O'Briens.
The parish comprises 8881 statute acres, of which
about 150 are ornamental plantations, and 50 bog ; the
remainder is arable, pasture, and meadow land, some of
which, on the banks of the Shannon, produces abun-
dant crops of hay. The soil is based on limestone ;
and near Faha and Carrigoguimell the loose stones are
so numerous as to impede tillage, which, however, is
rapidly improving. The river Maigue is navigable here
for lighters of 40 tons' burthen, which pass by means
of a canal, over which is a swing bridge, and near it a
small wharf. A bridge of three arches was built over
the river in 179'2 ; it is sometimes called the Ferry
bridge, but more frequently Court bridge, from the old
residence of that name in the adjoining parish of Kil-
dimo. The Lord-Protector Carew built a tower to
protect the ferry, which is still called the Ferry Castle.
The principal seats are. Elm Park, the residence of
Lord Clarina ; Tervoe, commanding some fine views ;
Cooper's Hill ; Faha ; Cragbeg ; and Vermont. The
LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Limerick, and in the patronage of the Crown : the
tithe rent-charge is £637. 10. The church, which is a
neat building with a square tower and octagonal spire,
was rebuilt in 1814, by aid of a loan of £660 from the
Board of First Fruits. The glebe-house was erected in
179'2, at a cost exceeding £900, chiefly by the then in-
cumbent, and by aid of a gift of £100 from the same
Board ; the glebe comprises 44 acres. The Roman
Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church, and has two chapels, one of which is a
large plain edifice of hewn limestone, roofed with slate,
commenced in 1831. The parochial school for boys
and girls, situated in the modern village of Clarina, was
built in IS'26, and is principally supported by the rector
and his family ; there is also a school for the children
of the tenants of Mr. Monsell, by whose family it is
maintained. Mrs. Tuthill bequeathed £10 per annum
to the poor Protestant parishioners, which is distributed
at Christmas. In 1815, a meteoric stone, weighing
56 lb., fell in the demesne of Faha ; it consists of iron
pyrites strongly impregnated with sulphur, and is in
Mr. Tuthill's possession. Clarina gives the title of
Baron to the ancient family of Massey. — See St. Pa-
trick's-Well.
KILKEEL, a post-town and parish, and the head
of a union, in the barony of Morne, county of Down,
and province of Ulster, 15 miles (S. E.) from Newry,
and 65f (N. N. E.) from Dublin ; containing 16,^69 in-
habitants, of whom 1 146 are in the town. This parish
comprises 47,SS'2f statute acres, of which about 11,000
are arable and 1^2,000 pasture ; the remainder consists
of part of the Morne mountains. The only creek in
the twelve miles of coast that bounds the parish is
Annalong, where a small dock for fishing-vessels has
been excavated out of a rock. There are coast-guard
stations at Annalong, Cranfield, and the Lee Stone, all
in the district of Newcastle ; also a constabulary polite
station. Fairs are held on Feb. Sth. May 3rd, Aug.
'2nd, and Dec. 8th ; and a manorial court is held in the
sessions- house at Kilkeel, once in three weeks, for the
K I L-K E
K I L— K E
manor of Greencastle and Morne, by a seneschal ap-
pointed by the Earl of Kilmorey : its jurisdiction ex-
tends over the whole of the barony of Morae, which is
co-extensive with this parish and is the property of his
lordship, and pleas to the amount of £10 are deter-
mined either by attachment or civil bill. The principal
seats are, Morne Park, the splendid residence of the
earl; and Shannon Grove.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Down, united
in 1S09, by charter of James I., to the rectories of Kil-
coo and Kilraegan and the chapelry of Tamlaght (a
small townland in Kilkeel), together forming the union
of Kilkeel and the corps of the treasurership of the
cathedral of Down, in the alternate patronage of the
Marquess of Anglesey and the Earl of Kilmorey. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £600, and of the entire
benefice £1'200. The church was rebuilt in 1815, at a
cost exceeding £5000, raised partly by parochial assess-
ment, and donations from the landed proprietors, and
partly by a loan of £21 60 from the Board of First
Fruits. The glebe-house is situated on a glebe of 30
acres, valued at £3*. 10. per annum, but subject to a
rent of £19. 7- 9-, payable to the Earl of Kilmorey. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms two dis-
tricts, called Upper and Lower Jlorne ; the former con-
taining a chapel at Ballymaguagh ; the latter, one at
Glassdrummond and one at Ballymartin. There are
two Presbyterian meeting-houses in connexion with
the General Assembly ; also meeting-houses for Wes-
leyan Methodists, Baptists, and Moravians. Of the
various schools, Needham Thompson, Esq., built the
school at Mullartown ; and that for girls, at Ballinahat-
ton, was built by the Rev. J. F. Close. Here is a dis-
pensary. The union workhouse, on a site of 7| acres
purchased for £482, but subject to a rent of £1. 13. 5.,
was completed in 1841, at an expense of £4050, and is
constructed to contain 300 paupers.
KILKEEL, county of Kii-dare. — See Kilteel.
KILKEEVAN, a parish, in the union and barony
of C.\STLEREA, county of Rosco.MMON, and province of
CoNNAUGHT; Containing, with the post-town of Cas-
tlerea, 10,922 inhabitants. It comprises 27,00/5 sta-
tute acres. Some of the land is of good quality, and
there are large grazing-farms : the parish includes a
great quantity of bog, much of which is easily reclaim-
able ; and very good limestone. The principal seats
are, Clonallis, the residence of the O'Conor Don ; Arm
Lodge ; Dalefield ; Southpark ; and Harristown. Kil-
keevan is a vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, forming
part of the union and corps of the prebend of Ballin-
tobber in the cathedral of Elphin ; the rectory is im-
propriate in the Earl of Essex. The tithe rent-charge
is £337. 10., of which £150 are payable to the impro-
priator, and the remainder to the vicar. The church,
at Castlerea, is a neat edifice built in 1818, for which
the late Board of First Fruits granted a loan of £2500,
and has been repaired by a grant of £200 from the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The glebe-house was
erected by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of £850
from the late Board, in 1821 : the glebe comprises
14a. 3r. 30/)., subject to a rent of £2. 6. li. per acre.
The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensiie with that of
the Established Church, and has a large chapel at Cas-
tlerea. There are some remains of an abbey at Moor ;
also of a church at Kilkcevan, with a cemetery attached,
66
which is the burial-place of the O'Conor Don family. —
See Castlerea.
KILKELLANE, or Kilcullane, a parish, in the
union of Kilmallock, barony of Small County,
county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 4
miles (N. E. byE.) from Bruff, and on the road from
Limerick to Hospital; containing 1186 inhabitants.
This was part of the immense estate of the Earl of
Desmond, and on his rebellion was granted to Robert
Bouchier, Gent., who soon afterwards erected Kilcullane
House, which has been sold to Viscount Guillamore. The
parish comprises 1390 statute acres : the land is fertile,
and based on limestone ; there are some small tracts
of turbary. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Emly,
forming part of the union of Cahircorney ; the rectory
is impropriate in E. Deane Freeman, Esq. The tithe
rent-charge is £101. 5., of which two-thirds are pay-
able to the impropriator, and one-third to the vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilkellane forms part
of the district of Hospital, or Herbertstown. Near the
remains of the old church are the ruins of Kilcullane
Castle, which was erected in the 15th century.
KILKELLY, a village, in the parish of Kilmovee,
union of Swinford, barony of Costello, county of
Mayo, and province of Connaught; containing 142
inhabitants.
KILKENNY (County of), an inland county, in the
western part of the province of Leinster, bounded on
the east by the counties of Carlow and Wexford, on
the north by the Queen's county, on the west by the
county of Tipperary, and on the south by the county of
Waterford. It extends from 52° 14' to 52° 51' (N. Lat.),
and from 6° 56' to 7° 38' (W. Lon.) ; and comprises an
area of 509,73l|- statute acres, whereof 470,102 are
arable land, 21,126 uncultivated, 13,899 plantation,
1549 in towns and villages, and 3056 under water. The
population, in 1821, was 158,716; in 1831, 169,945;
and in 1841, 183,349- According to Ptolemy, this
county was originally inhabited by the Brigantes and
the Caucoi. It afterwards formed part of the kingdom
of Ossory. The name of Uisraigagh, modernised into
Ossory, is supposed to be expressive of the situation of
the district, being compounded of the Gaelic words
uisge, " water," and rioghachd, " kingdom," as lying
between two rivers. The portion between the Nore and
Barrow is sometimes excluded from the kingdom of
Ossory, and was anciently styled Hy Creoghain Ga-
bhran ; the southern part of the county was often
called Comor na tri uisge, " the high district of the three
waters." The countries of Ely O'Carrol and Hy
Carthin comprised some of the north-western portion
of this county. The kingdom of Ossory was sometimes
tributary to Leinster, and sometimes to Munster. After
the arrival of the English, Kilkenny formed one of the
counties into which King John divided the portion of
the island that acknowledged his sovereignty. At the
commencement of the reign of James I., it was chiefly
occupied by the Graces, OBrenans, Wandesfords, But-
lers, O' Sheas, Booths, Harpers, Walshes of the moun-
tains, and Shortals.
This county is partly in the diocese of Cashel, and
partly in the diocese of Leighlin, but chiefly in and
comprehending the greater part of the diocese of
Ossory, in the province of Dublin. For purposes of
CIVIL jurisdiction it is divided into the baronies of
K I L— K E
K I L— K E
Callan, Gowran, Ida, Fassadiiieen, Kells, Galmoy,
Cranagh, Iverk, Knocktopher, and Shillelogbor. Be-
sides the county of the city of Kilkenny, it contains the
once incorporated market and post towns of Callan,
Thomastown, and Gowran ; the market and post towns
of Castlecomer, Durrow, and Graig j the ancient dis-
franchised boroughs of Knocktopher and Inistioge,
of which the latter is a post-town, and the former has
a sub-post ; and the post-towns of Freshford, Bally-
ragget, Urlingford, Johnstown, and Goresbridge.
Among the largest villages are those of Piltown,
Clough, Bennetts-Bridge, and Rossbercon, besides the
large suburb of Ferrybank, opposite the city of Water-
ford. Prior to the Union this county, exclusively of
Kilkenny city, sent twelve members to the Irish par-
liament,— two knights of the shire, and two represen-
tatives for each of the boroughs of Callan, Gowran,
Thomastown, Knocktopher, and Inistioge : but since
that period its representation has been confined to two
members for the county at large, and one for the city.
The constituency, as registered in 1841, was 1530,
whereof '2*9 were £.")0, 83 £'20, and 9'38 £10, free-
holders; 3 £50, 20 £"20, and 206 £10, leaseholders;
and '2 .£50, and 9 £'20, rent-chargers. The election
takes place at Kilkenny. The shire is included in the
Leinster circuit : the assizes are held at Kilkenny ; and
quarter-sessions at Kilkenny, Castlecomer, Callan, Pil-
town, Urlingford, and Thomastown. The county court-
house and the county gaol are in Kilkenny, and there are
bridewells at Urlingford, Callan, Graig, and Thomastown.
The local government is vested in a lieutenant, 1* de-
puty lieutenants, and 5'2 other magistrates ; besides
whom are the usual county officers, including two coro-
ners. There are above 50 constabulary police stations,
having in the whole a force of one county inspector, 8
sub-inspectors, 8 head-constables, 6* constables, and 304
sub-constables, with 10 horses ; the cost of whose main-
tenance in 1842, was £17,109, defrayed by grand jury
presentments and by government. The county infir-
mary and fever hospital are at Kilkenny ; and there are
fever hospitals at Freshford, Kells, Kilmoganny, and
Rossbercon ; and dispensaries at Kilkenny, Castlecomer,
Ballyragget, Graig, Freshford, Kilmanagh, Knocktopher,
Kilmoganny, Thomastown, Ida, Kells and Stonyford,
Gowran, Callan, Durrow, Johnstown, Kilmacow, Urling-
ford, Whitechurch, and Inistioge, maintained by equal
subscriptions and grand jury presentments. The total
amount of the grand jury presentments, for 1844, was
£30,864. In the military arrangements the county is
included in the Dublin district.
An argillaceous soil may be considered as predomi-
nant throughout the county, within the limits of which
there is very little ground unfit for tillage, or which
docs not form good meadow or pasture. The northern
part consists chiefly of a moory turf, a few inches deep,
incumbent on a bed of stiff yellow or whitish clay ; this is
the worst soil in the county, and the only kind liable
to be injured by surface water. More southerly, the soil
is in general light, covering an argillaceous schistus.
The northern part of the barony of Gowran is similar
in quality, until its hills subside into a rich plain covered
by loam of various kinds. An excellent soil for the
growth of wheat pervades the southern part of this
barony from the Barrow to the Nore ; its western por-
tion consists of low hills or gently sloping grounds o''
69
good soil, dry, and sometimes deep, but diminishing in
quality as it approaches the latter of those rivers. To the
west of the Nore, below the city of Kilkenny, is a clayey
loam immediately over a bed of limestone. In general,
the nearer the limestone is to the surface, the poorer the
soil ; but as this kind of ground, along the banks of the
river, produces close and green herbage, and is extremely
dry, it seems calculated by nature to form the best kind
of sheep-walks. A light soil appears all round the city
of Kilkenny, frequently rising into hills of sand and
gravel. Along the banks of the Nore, northwards, good
meadow ground is found, apparently formed by aquatic
depositions : some of it consists of a deep blackish loam,
apparently the produce of decayed vegetables, and in-
ducing the inference that the Nore, formerly obstructed
by rocks or other natural impediments which the impe-
tuosity of its water had ultimately broken down, was
once an expansive lake. The edges of a lake may still
be traced round the plain inclining towards Freshford ;
and Achadh-iir, or " the Field of Water," the old name
for Freshford, strengthens the conclusion. The north-
western portion of the county is chiefly occupied by
hills, the soil of which, though not deep, is of good
quality and productive of fine herbage. From the
whitish appearance of these calcareous hills, the dis-
trict was probably called Geal-Magh, " the White field,"
corrupted into Galmoy. The country hence declines
northwards into a varied plain of still better soil, until
it is bounded by a branch of the Bog of Allen ; the
western part of the county, with a varied surface and a
limestone bottom, possesses all the gradations between
a stiff, yet rich, clayey soil and a light gravel. Pro-
ceeding southwards, the fertility of the land increases
as it approaches the Suir, on the margin of which is
some of the richest and deepest ground in the county.
Some parts of this southern district consist of low hills
covered by a light dry soil, producing good crops ;
and, as the soil has a large proportion of argill, it is
peculiarly productive on the application of calcareous
manure.
There is a considerable extent of mountain land in
the county, much of which is unimproved : all the hills,
when they rise a little above the calcareous districts,
incline to a moory surface, and when neglected produce
little but heath. The quantity of peat is inconsiderable ;
by far the largest tract, amounting to 1000 acres, is in
the north-western extremity : several small tracts, of
from 30 to 50 acres each, are scattered in various parts ;
and the whole may be estimated at about 1500 acres,
not including mountain ground, the surface of which is
often stripped for fuel. A bed of marl has been found
in a bog, between two strata of black peat ; also three
strata of bog separated by alternate beds of indifferent
marl. Some of the lesser bogs may be cut to a depth
of 20 feet : considerable quantities of oak, fir, and
birch are found in them. A stratum of bog has been
found 33 feet beneath the surface, covered with the
following strata: — vegetable mould, 3 feet; marl with
black stones, 15 feet ;" yellow clay and hard gravel, 15
feet. There arc no loughs of any extent : in the parish
of Cloghmanta are some small lakes, here called
Loughans, which are formed by the surface water in
winter.
The best land in the county, most of which has a
limestone bottom, is applied to the growth of wheat.
K I L— K E
K I L— K E
which is the predominant crop. Barley is usually
sown after it ; here is not in general cultivation. Oats
are cultivated in all parts of the county ; the species
most commonly used is the Irish, a hardy but small
grain, which does not shed easily. Rye, which is but
little cultivated, is usually sown on land that has been
pared and burned, and produces fine crops on moun-
tainous ground. Potatoes are every where grown : every
kind of manure in the county is applied in their cul-
ture ; but the most approved is that from the farm-
yard, though the sweepings of the streets of Kilkenny
are purchased at a high price, and other manures consist
of composts of various kinds : lime by itself is some-
times used. In the barony of Iverk, and every where
within reach of the coast, or of the Suir, sea-wrack and
sand are generally used. Green crops are very rare,
being cultivated only by some of the principal gentry
and a few wealthy farmers. Manure is seldom used for
any but the potato crop ; when exhausted by repeated
tillage, the laud is too frequently left to recruit itself by
a natural process : grass and clover seeds are, however,
sometimes sown, and the advantages are beginning to
be appreciated.
In the best cultivated parts of the county about one-
third of the ground is under tillage, but in the hilly
parts the proportion is much less. The use of green
food for any species of stock is almost unknown to
common farmers : many of the cattle graze abroad the
whole winter, though some are housed from Christmas to
April. In the Walsh mountains grass is kept for the
cattle, which are turned into it in the winter without
hay, straw, or shelter. The only green food used in
winter is furze-tops pounded, which are commonly
given to horses, and sometimes to black-cattle ; the
former become fat, sleek, and fine-skinned on this food :
the sort preferred is the large French furze, but the
small Irish furze will serve. The stalks of potatoes,
dug when green, are given to cattle : sheep are remark-
ably fond of them, and particularly of the apples, which
fatten greatly. The Jerusalem artichoke has also been
used successfully as food for sheep. Less attention
seems to be paid to pasture than to other agricultural
objects ; it being, in the tillage districts, such fields as
will no longer bear corn, let out without any seeds.
The mountain pastures are in a state of nature, uninelosed
and unimproved. Sheep are banished from many
places for want of fences, and the land there seems to
be applied to no purpose, being left to the spontaneous
growth of heath. The heaths are very liable to take
fire in dry summers by accidental circumstances, and
cause some damage : the fire, however, eventually
improves the surface, when not too intense, and
sometimes is kindled for that purpose. That the
hilly tracts are capable of being improved by culture
is testified by the aspect of the small inclosures near
mountain villages, where the natural grass, by a little
shelter and manure, becomes surprisingly green. Im-
provement is not much impeded by rights of com-
mon, as there are few persons to assert such rights, if
they exist, and landlords seem to have an undisputed
authority in partitioning lands, which, though grazed in
common, confer no legal claim on the occupier. Irriga-
tion is but little attended to; although, where it has
been practised judiciously, it has been found very
advantageous.
70
There are considerable portions of laud, bordering
both on the Suir and the Nore, embanked, and chiefly
laid out as meadows. The most remarkable is in the
parish of Roer, where the embankment is about two
miles long ; some of it is pastured, and was formerly
tilled, but the greater part is constantly kept in mea-
dow : it is intersected by open drains communicating
with a main drain connected with the river by sluices.
Besides this district, the most extensive dairies are in
the barony of Iverk and around the Walsh mountains :
this tract has a good depth of soil, much inclined to
grass. So late as the close of the last century, the
principal family residing here consisted of five branches,
holding among them more than 2000 acres ; they re-
tained a remarkable degree of clanship, by constantly
intermarrying, and were very comfortable in their cir-
cumstances, and hospitable. From the practice of sub-
dividing the land amongst their descendants, the farms
have become very small and the occupiers poorer. The
land, however, is much improved ; the chief crops are
oats and potatoes, and great numbers of cattle and pigs
are bred here. The milch-cows are principally fed on
potatoes during the summer ; the butter is of a superior
quality, and brings a good price both at Waterford and
Kilkennj', whence it is exported to England. The pigs
are mostly fed with buttermilk and potatoes, and grow
to a large size ; vast numbers are annually shipped for
England, and during the season the provision merchants
of Kilkenny and Waterford obtain a large supply from
the barony of Iverk. Throughout the whole of that
part of the barony which is not immediately adjacent to
the city of Waterford, the population is more or less
connected by ties of consanguinity, rarely marrying out
of their own district.
Limestone to a great extent is burned for manure ;
and limestone sand and gravel, raised from the nume-
rous escars and screened, were formerly esteemed nearly
as efficacious as lime, and are still frequently employed
when found at a distance from limestone rocks. Before
the practice of burning lime became general, they formed
the principal manures, for which reason large excava-
tions are to be found whence these substances were
raised : the most remarkable is in the barony of Iverk,
where, from the magnitude of the old excavations, the
sand and gravel have been in use probably for a thou-
sand years. A manure somewhat similar is employed
under the name of Kilmacow sand, for hilly ground ; it
is carried up the Nore to Inistioge, and thence drawn
for some miles up the hills. Marl is found in great
quantities in different parts, generally mixed with frag-
ments of limestone ; but, in consequence of the higher
estimation in which lime is held, it is not in general use.
River sand, raised below Ross, is more extensively
applied than marl. At the edge of the river, near
Ringville, black mud, containing the decayed remains
of vegetables, is raised, and proves an excellent manure
for light ground : some sand is also taken up, contain-
ing thin broken shells of a species of tellina ; the earth
of old ditches and from boggy ground is often mixed
with it. A compost of lime and earth is common as a
top dressing ; and the scrapings of roads, and furze,
fern, and straw, spread on lanes and other thoroughfares,
are also used. Burning was the usual way of bringing
land into tillage, and was encouraged by many landlords
under particular restrictions, but is now generally dis-
K I L— K E
K I L— K E
countenanced, as the carbon and all volatile particles
are dissipated by the fire.
The use of oxen in the plough seems to be rather
increasing, though the proportion is very small in com-
parison with horses. The native Irish horses are lively,
active, hardy, and well adapted to the uses of the farmer ;
few are bred in the county : of English breeds the Suf-
folk is most in request. The attention paid to the breed-
ing of CATTLE is inferior to that paid in the adjoining
counties of Carlow and Watcrford, and some parts of
Tipperary : the common breed is a cross between the
old Irish and Lancashire, and some districts have the
old native cow. Some noblemen and gentlemen have
a superior kind, being a cross between the Irish and
Durham ; and crosses between the Irish and Devon,
and Ayrshire and Durham breeds, appear to suit both
the soil and climate. But those that attain the
largest size are a cross between the Limerick and Dur-
ham, which fatten speedily and weigh well. The little
Kerry cow is much sought after in some of the dairy
districts, in which it improves much, and when crossed
with the Ayrshire it is very profitable to the small farmer.
The breed of sheep is generally little improved ; the
New Leicester and Ayrshire breeds are found in the
lawns and demesnes of some gentlemen, but are com-
paratively few in number. Pigs have been greatly
improved by the introduction of the Berkshire and other
superior breeds. In all the minor departments of rural
economy, except the rearing of poultry, the farmers are
very deficient.
The fences are mostly indifferent, principally consist-
ing of an old broad mound of earth (called a ditch),
with a deep and broad trench on one or both sides, or
of dry and broken stone walls, except in the immediate
neighbourhood of Kilkenny or on the farms of gentle-
men, where in many instances quickset hedges show to
great advantage : the parks and demesnes are for the
most part inclosed with high stone walls. The county
generally is very deficient in woods and plantations,
although there are some of considerable extent around
Kilkenny, Durrow, Desart, Woodstock, Besborough,
Castlecomer, Thomastown, and other places on the
banks of the Nore. Callan and its neighbourhood, once
so celebrated for extensive woods, are now denuded ; but
from Kilkenny to Callan the fences appear better, and
the laud more judiciously divided, than in other parts.
An agricultural society, the first midland society formed,
has been long established ; perhaps the most bene-
ficial result of it is the improvement of agricultural
implements, which has been accomplished to a consider-
able degree.
As the sod is seldom much raised above the rock
that forms its basis, it is not difhcult to trace the scb-
STRAT.\ : these are granite, silicious schistus, silicious
breccia, argillite, sandstone, and limestone. The Granite
hills, however, form a very small part of the county,
being merely the extension of the Wicklow group, which,
including Mount Leinster and Blackstairs in the county
of Carlow, forms the hills of Brandon between the Bar-
row and the Nore, and ultimately terminates in the low
and secondary hills that unite to the south, towards the
mountains of Waterford. The stratum which usually
joins the granite is silicious schistus, and, lower down,
argillaceous slate. The granite varies in shades of grey,
red, and yellow, and in the fineness of its grain j the
-1
best is of a light yellow tint, finely grained, and com-
pact i black mica is found in it, together with specks
of iron-ore and crystals of schorl : it can be raised in
blocks of large size, and may be chiselled into any form.
Below Inistioge, portions of the hills are composed of
granite; on their lower part the yellow mica is some-
times found by itself in large mas.^cs. The detached
stones which form the surface of these hills are called
fire-stones, and are worked into hearthstones, and also
applied to other purposes. Pieces of a very fine deep
red and compact jasper, of various sizes, the largest ten
or twelve inches long and half as broad, have been dis-
covered in the granite district. The Siluious .S( histu.s is
blackish, sometimes containing grains of quartz ; when
broken it has a shivery texture and thin lamella;, and is
hard enough to scratch glass. The base of Brandon
Hill, and of that extending thence to Graig, is composed
of it ; between Inistioge and Ross it is quarried out
of the steep banks of the river, and the town of New
Ross is mostly built of it : the dip of the quarries here
is eastward. Martial pyrites frequently may be found
between the beds of this stone ; the strata are also in-
tersected by broad veins of quartz ; iron-ochre occurs
in it, and it is much tinged by oxyde of iron. A few
specks of copper are sometimes perceived, but no vein
has been discovered. Fine-grained galena has also been
detected, in small quantities and in detached fragments.
Silicious Breccia forms many of the lower hills ; it con-
sists principally of fine quartz sand, united by a silicious
cement, and enveloping rounded pebbles of quartz, from
the size of a pea to two or three inches in diameter, and
of a reddish tinge. It seems to be one of the stones
styled by Kirwan semiprotolites, and wherever its base
can be discovered, it appears to lie on silicious schistus.
This stone is constantly accompanied by red argillite,
which covers the sides of the hills, but scarcely ever the
summits ; the argillite prevails on the northern sides of
the hills, and from its appearance is sometimes called
red slate. The hills of breccia run southward from the
Nore, spreading to the south and south-east till they
approach the Suir : the great hill of Drumdowney,
bounded by the Ross river, forms the extremity of the
principal range. The stone here is of a fine grain, and
is raised for millstones, which are principally quarried
on the top of the hill of Drumdowney, where an inclosure
of about 300 acres has been made for the purpose : they
are sent coastwise to Cork, Dublin, and other ports:
the largest are five feet in diameter and sixteen inches
in the eye. This stone is sometimes accompanied by a
fine-grained white sandstone, consisting chiefly of quartz
with a silicious cement ; the chief defect of the sand-
stone is that the strata are very thin. Slaty argillite
also often forms the lower parts of those hills, varying
from reddish brown to green or blue, but being very
heavy it is not well adapted for roofing. In the western
part of the county is an extensive quarry of excellent
slates, scarcely exceeded by any in colour and lightness.
The northern part, including the whole of Fassadineen
and the upper part of Gowran, consists either of ferru-
ginous argillite, or of silicious schistus : of the latter,
stones are raised in several quarries for the purpose of
flagging ; the former is always found above the coal,
and is thence called coal-cover. This coal-cover is a
brittle blackish slate impregnated with iron-ochre, and
more or less inlaid with nodules of iron-ore ; it extends
K I L— K E
from the collieries to the south and west, forming the
banks of the Dinan almost to its confluence with the
Nore. The same stone forms lower hills which stretch
towards the river, but in that part it is generally found
of a fine soft grain ; some is quarried for polishing mar-
ble, and the finer specimens are sometimes used as hones.
In several parts of the county are numerous Escars,
mostly near the banks of the rivers ; some are seen near
Urlingford, approaching the verge of the Bog of Allen,
and they are also frequently found far removed from
either river or bog : they are mostly composed of
rounded masses of limestone, quartz, clay-slate, and
ironstone, but most commonly of the first. They form
gently rising hills, and may be traced from the banks
of the Shannon, in the county of Limerick, through
Tipperary and Kilkenny, to the banks of the Suir,
■whence they range through Carlow, Kildare, and near
to the sea-.shore a little to the south of Dublin : along
their entire extent the surface is generally fertile and
very picturesque.
The Kilkenny collieries are situated two miles
north from Castlecomer, twelve from Kilkenny, eight
from Carlow, and forty-one from Dublin, and extend in
length from Cooleban to the river beyond Maesfield,
continuing thence into the Queen's county. In this
county the coal-field may be estimated at six miles in
length by five in breadth, and the collieries are distin-
guished by the names of Firoda, Ballyouskill, Clogh,
and Maesfield. The mines were discovered in 1728. A
great number of men had been for several years em-
ployed in raising iron-ore, which was smelted with char-
coal from the numerous woods of the country ; and
having worked through the seam, they came unexpect-
edly to a vein of coal. The first pits were sunk near
the southern termination of the coal-field, and were
consequently unprofitable ; others were then opened on
the ridge of hill at Cooleban, where three separate seams
were worked at little expense till exhausted. The pre-
sent collieries are in the plain westsvard from Cooleban,
and are much flooded : two powerful steam-engines are
constantly at work, but the water frequently accumulates
to such a height as to interrupt the operations. In this
field are '24 pits, varying from 31 to 39 yards in depth ;
and only the upper seam of coal, which varies from 34
to 38 inches in thickness, has yet been worked : more
than TOO men are constantly employed. The soil of the
entire district is a stiff clay, below which is a rock com-
posed of argillite and silicious limestone, resting on an
argillaceous deposit here called grey or curled rock,
below which is black shale, with thin layers of rich iron-
ore ; beneath these are thin layers of slate, here forming
the roof of the coal. The seat of the coal is a soft,
black, brittle stone, or fire-clay, containing impressions
of various plants : it has never been applied to any
beneficial purpose, although, when pulverised and worked
into cement, it becomes fire-proof, and would be very
valuable for crucibles, glass-pots, and other vessels ex-
posed to intense heat. Since the woods of the country
failed, no attempt has been made to smelt the iron-ore,
and vast quantifies lie scattered about in every part.
Wheaten bread is the principal food of the colliers, who
take it with them into the pits : their chief earnings,
however, are consumed in the purchase of spirits, whence
it happens that, though their wages are higher than
those of other workmen, they are the most wretched
K I L— K E
class in the county. Their habitations are miserably
mean, being generally built and covered with sods,
sometimes without chimneys or windows ; their children
naked ; themselves ill clad and unhealthy, few arriving
at the age of fifty. A consumption of the lungs is the
most fatal disorder among them : those who work in
wet pits live longest, as they do not inhale so much of
the volatile dust of the coal. The excellent qualities of
this coal for particular uses occasion a demand for it in
all parts of the country. It burns dully, with little
flame, but lying like charcoal in an ignited state for
seven or eight hours, casts a steady and strong heat.
No fuel dries malt so well, and this without any prepa-
ration ; it is also excellent for the forge and for all works
in iron : indeed, in every manufacture in which steady
heat is required void of smoke, it cannot be excelled j
nor does it dirty the flues where it is used. On being
analysed, it appears to approach nearly to pure carbon,
without any bituminous matter ; the proportions being
97.3 per cent, of pure carbon, and the remainder unin-
flammable ashes. Iron has been successfully smelted
with it ; and it seems peculiarly calculated for cement-
ing steel, and for potteries. In the town of Castlecomer
very good, tenacious, brown potters'-clay is found, and
different clays for potters' use exist in the neighbour-
hood : a pottery commenced here many years since
failed from want of capital.
Indications of coal present themselves in other parts,
extending for a considerable distance into Queen's
county, and in one direction stretching to the border of
Carlow. Yellow ochre is found in different places ; pipe-
clay of good quality, and potters'-clay, lie in the south-
ern part of the county as well as in the northern.
Manganese is considerably dispersed ; it is seen on the
banks of the Barrow, and in limestone-quarries, parti-
cularly near Freshford. Of copper, no certain indica-
tions have been found : lead-ore has been met with in
small quantities between Inistioge and Ross ; large
pieces of fine-grained galena are frequently taken up
near Knocktopher, imbedded in limestone-quarries.
But the only lead-mine ever worked was that in the
park of Floodhall, which was continued for some time
with considerable profit; the ore was rich, and con-
tained a quantity of silver. Limestone is the base of
the central part of the county, and of detached portions
of its north-western and south-western extremities.
The quality of the stone varies considerably : that to
the north of Gowran, which appears good to the eye,
cannot be burned into lime, on account of its hardness,
or of the quantity of silicious sand which it contains.
Near Callan is a kind of white limestone, splitting into
laminae, which is little esteemed : near Durrow, the
stone is full of flint. All the limestone of this county
contains impressions of shells or corallines : it is stra-
tified more horizontally than the rocks around it usually
are, and appears to fill all the lower lands between the
hills i no stone lies above it, and it is generally so deep
that scarcely any has been found beneath it. In most
cases the limestone district is terminated by a broad
bed of gravel, composed chiefly of rolled calcareous
pebbles. The most important quarry is that which
produces the Kilkenny Marble; it is called the Black
quarry, and is situated about half a mile south of the
town. The stone, when polished, has a black ground
more or less varied with white marks, which appear
K I L— K E
K I L— K K
more conspicuously when exposed to the air ; but the
jet black specimens only are esteemed at Kilkenny.
This marble contains a great variety of impressions of
madrepores, and of bivalve and turbinate shells : the
spar which occupies the place of the shells sometimes
assumes a greenish yellow colour. In some places there
are iridisccnt spots ; and sometimes martial pyrites is
imbedded in the marble. A small specimen of pink
fluor was found in it ; but this is a very rare occurrence.
The analysis of the most common kind gave 9H per cent,
soluble in marine acid, and '2 per cent, of a black powder
of carbon, which burned without leaving any ashes. The
blocks raised at this quarry are finished principally at a
marble-mill at some distance, which presents a very ele-
gant combination of simplicity of structure with powers
of execution : it performs the work of forty-two men
daily ; water never fails, and from the excellence of its
construction the mill is scarcely ever stopped on account
of repairs.
The WOOLLEN manufacture owes its introduction into
the county to Pierce, Earl of Ormonde, who died in
1359, and his wife Alargaret, who brought artists in
tapestry, diaper, and carpets, from Flanders ; some of
their tapestry is still in the castle of Kilkenny. James,
Duke of Ormonde, also incurred great expense, in the
middle of the I'th century, in establishing both the
linen and woollen manufacture. This latter branch
was chiefly carried on at Carrick, where it gave employ-
ment for many years to the population of the surround-
ing district ; its decline is attributed to the fraudulent
practice of stretching the cloths to augment the mea-
surement, until the Dublin merchants refused to buy
them : the manufacture was principally carried on by
large farmers and their families. In the hilly districts
a constant manufacture of frieze and ratteen prevails :
the yarn is spun by the w^omen ; both sexes are em-
ployed in carding the wool ; and the farmers' sons, who
are taught to weave, manufacture it into cloth. On
the decline of the frieze trade, that of wool -combing
succeeded ; the combers converting their coarse offal
wool into blanketing, which has gradually become a
staple branch of trade. The linen trade was introduced
towards the close of the 17th century, and prospered
for fifty or sixty years ; but within the last century it
has so decayed as to leave few traces of its former pros-
perity, only the coarser cloths for domestic consumption
being now made : many of the bleach-greens were con-
verted into mills of various kinds, but there are three still
tolerably well employed. In the hilly districts every
farmer grows a little flax for his own use, and generally
bleaches his own linen ; he also often has a little hemp
to make sacking. The number of Flour-mills is very
great : there are twenty-two on the Nore between Dur-
row and Inistioge ; on the King's river, from Callau
to the Nnre, ten ; on the part of the Barrow within the
county, three or four ; and several on the streams w hich
fall into the Suir and other great rivers. Rape-mUh
have been erected, but are not profitable ; the exportation
of the seed being found more advantageous than the
manufacture of the oil. The principal part of the grain
raised in the county is sent to Dublin in the shape of
flour, malt, and meal, the preparation of which is a
source of internal wealth : the wheat and barley find a
ready sale among the millers, maltsters, and distillers,
so that very little is brought to the market-house.
Vol. II.— -3
The rivers were formerly famous for their salmon,
much of which was sent to Dublin, both fresh and pre-
served in ice ; but the quantity has decreased during the
last century, caused, as is supposed, by the increased
number of mills. The salmon-trout is not uncommon
in the rivers ; its usual length is from eighteen to twenty
inches. The shad comes up the Nore in April and
returns in May ; the sturgeon appears but rarely ; por-
poises sometimes follow the salmon beyond Waterford ;
the conger-eel is sometimes taken ; lampreys are thrown
away by the fishermen, not being even kept for bait.
All the aquatic birds usually found along the course of
large rivers are met w'ith here : the common gull follows
their course to a great distance, devouring many insects
pernicious to the farmer, and returns to the sea at night ;
the peasantry call it the white crow. The king-fisher
and water ousel are not uncommon.
The principal rivers are the Suir, the Barrow, and
the Nore, all of which combine here in their progress to
the sea, but have their source in other counties. The
Suir, from Tipperary and Waterford, joins the boundary
of Kilkenny at the parish of Tipperaghny, whence it
forms the southern boundary of the county for about
twenty miles until it falls into 'U'aterford harbour;
vessels of 100 tons' burthen navigate it to Carrick-on-
Suir, and of a much larger burthen to Waterford. An
act was lately obtained for removing the rocks and
other obstacles in its bed, so as to enable vessels of
greater size to proceed into the interior. The Barrow,
anciently the Birga, connects itself with the county from
the county of Carlow near Leighlin-Bridge, and runs
along the eastern boundary for about 26 miles, sepa-
rating Kilkenny from the counties of Carlow and Wex-
ford until it joins the sea, under the name of the Ross
river, at Waterford harbour ; in its course after leaving
Leighlin-Bridge, it passes by the towns of Goresbridge,
Graig, and New Ross. Large sums of money have been
expended in improving its navigation to Athy, in Kildare.
The Nore or NewTe, which more peculiarly belongs to
the county, enters it from the Queen's county near Dur-
row, and flows through its central part in a winding
course of not less than 46 miles, to its junction with the
Barrow above New Ross ; it passes near the village of
Ballyragget, and through the city of Kilkenny. South
of Kilkenny it receives the King's river from the west,
whence in its course by Thomastown and Inistioge it
presents a rich variety of picturesque scenery : after its
junction with the Barrow, the united stream takes the
name of the Ross river. Like all mountain rivers, it is
subject to great floods, which are highest when the wind
has blown for some time from the north-east, accompa-
nied with rain : the clouds thus driven on the hills to
the north of the county, and quickly succeeding each
other, convert into torrents all the streams that feed the
Nore. On such occasions the wafer has risen eighteen
feet at Inistioge. It has long been an object of
importance to establish a navigation from Kilkenny to
the sea by means of this river ; much money has been
expended in the attempt, and many plans proposed, but
none accomplished. The boats navigating it to Thomas-
town carry thirteen or fourteen tons down the river
when it is full, and bring up ten tons, but only three or
four when the water is low ; they are drawn up by eight
men, and require two more to work them. The roads
in the county are numerous, and are generally well laid
K I L— K E
out and kept in good repair. Several new lines have
been made : the principal are those from Kilkenny to
Piltown, Carrick-ou-Suir, Freshford, and Roscrea re-
spectively, from Castlecomer to Ballynakill, from Callan
to Johnstown, and from Inistioge to Waterford. The
construction of these lines, particularly of those through
the hilly districts, has afforded to the farmer increased
facility for the carriage of lime, and the conveyance of
agricultural produce to market.
The traces of antiquity are numerous. On the sum-
mit of Tory Hill, called in Irish Slieve-Grian, or "the
Hill of the Sun," is a circular space covered with stones,
on one of which, resting on several others, is an inscrip-
tion which has given rise to much controversy. On the
summit of the Hill of Cloghmanta, which signifies " the
Stone of God," is another circular heap. Both these
monuments are much decayed. The most remarkable
cromlech is at Kilmogue, in the barony of Knockto-
pher ; the upper stone is 4.') feet in circumference, and
is elevated six feet above the ground at its lower end,
and 15 at its upper : the country people call the place
Lachan Schal, or " the Great Altar." Numerous other
cromlechs are dispersed through various parts of the
county. In the vicinity of the spa of Ballyspellane is a
large stone, formerly supported by several smaller ; it is
called Cloghbannagh, or " the Stone of Blessing," and
not far from it is a conical stone, lying on its side. The
remains of another heap, called Cloghaiicariteen, maybe
seen at Ballynasleigh, near Durrow : many human bones
have been found in the neighbourhood, and, among
others, a skeleton inclosed between flags, with a horn
near it. On the Hill of Garryduff, in Fiddown parish,
is a place called Leibe-na-cuhn, or "the Dog's Grave,"
around which are the remains of ranges of stones.
Several small urns containing ashes were found in front
of a great stone in Kilbeacon parish, and in other places.
Raths are very numerous in some districts, particularly
in Galmoy and near the Nore ; they are of various
shapes, and are formed of one, two, or three inclosures.
Chambers under ground, roofed with flags, are found not
accompanied by raths. At Earlsrath is a very large fort
inclosed by a fosse, in the area of which are the vestiges
of buildings. Some large moats are observable in several
parts : the largest are at Callan, Kilkenny, and Castle-
comer ; one of them, at Rathbeath, is pointed out as the
place where Hcrcmon built his palace and was buried.
There are five round towers : one at St. Canice, a few feet
from the southern side of the cathedral; another at Tullo-
herm ; a third at Kilree ; a fourth at Fertagh, or Fer-
tagh-na-geiragh : of the fifth, at Aghaviller, only the
lower part remains. In the parish of Macullee is a
place called Reighlig-na-lughduigh, or "the Burying-
place of the Black Lough," where are some upright
stones, near which human bones and several bronze
spear-heads have been found. There is a faint tradition
that a great battle was fought here. Besides the ruined
abbeys in the city of Kilkenny, there were two very
celebrated monasteries of the Cistercian order, one at
Jerpoint, the other at Graig. The Dominicans had
abbeys at Rossbercon and Thomastown, and the Car-
melites at Knooktopber. An old abbey is said to have
stood at Barrowmount ; another near Kellymount ; and
a second monastery, not noticed by writers on the
monastic antiquities of Ireland, was situated at Thomas-
town.
K I L— K E
The number of castles, though much diminished by
the ravages of time and internal commotions, is still very
great ; but most consist only of a single tower. Granny
or Grandison Castle, in Iverk, is one of the most con-
siderable ; it was the residence of Margaret Fitzgerald,
the great Countess of Ormonde, a lady of uncommon
talents and qualifications, who is said also to have built
the castles of Balleen and Coolkill, with several others
of minor note. The Butlers owned the castles of Knock-
topher, Gowran, Dunfert, Poolestown, Nehorn, Callan,
Ballycallan, Damagh, Kilmanagh, and Urlingford. King
John built a castle at Tybrackny, where also are the
foundations of a Danish town and a tombstone with
Danish sculptures. The castles of Drumroe, Barrow-
mount, and Low Grange, are said to have belonged to
Lord Galmoy ; those of Stroan, Kilfane, Clofouke, Co-
nahy, Ballyfoyle, and Cloranke, to the family of the Pur-
cells ; that of Cowen to the Brennans ; those of Castle-
morres, Frenystown, and Foulksrath, to the families
whose names they bear ; and those of Bishops-court and
Kilbline to the Currys. The Shortalls possessed the
castles of Cloghmanta, Kilrush, Tubbrid, Killeshuran,
and Balief ; the two last, as well as that of Seskia near
Durrow, are round. Gaulstown Castle belonged to a
branch of the De Burgos ; Grenan, said to have been
built in the time of King John, to a family of the name
of Den : the Walshes of the mountains held numerous
castles ; Courtstown, Ballylench, and some others, be-
longed to the Graces ; Dunfert, corrupted into Danes-
fort, was erected by William, Earl Marshal. The modern
mansions of the nobility and gentry are noticed in the
account of the parishes in which they are respectively
situated.
The farmhouses are generally built of stone, oftener
cemented with clay than mortar ; some of the better
kind are slated, but thatch is most common ; some may
be comfortable, but few are neat or cleanly. The resi-
dences of rich farmers are usually inferior to their
means ; but the greatest defect is in the offices, which
are sometimes covered with potato-stalks, forming a
very bad thatch, and sometimes with heath, which is
not much better. Ash-trees are often planted near the
farmhouses, and, towards the border of Munster, cherry-
trees. The offices generally form an irregular yard in
the front of the house, wholly or at least partially occu-
pied by the dunghill. The usual tenure for farms is for
thirty-one j'ears, or three lives : some land in the hilly
districts is held at will, but tenures of this description
are decreasing ; the inhabitants of these districts, who
for the most part live in scattered villages and hold in
partnership, usually obtaining a joint lease for years.
There is not much land in mortmain : the see of Ossory,
or rather the Ecclesiastical Commission, possesses about
9300 acres, besides the manors of Durrow and Fresh-
ford. The condition of the labouring poor is wretched
in the extreme : it is only by slow degrees that they can
procure articles of clothing ; turf is their general fuel,
in consequence of the high price of coal ; and potatoes,
with milk when it can be procured, are almost their only
food : sometimes, but not always, salt is added, and
occasionally a herring. The clothing is frieze and flan-
nel ; the women wear stuff petticoats ; straw hats manu-
factured at home, and estimated at from sixpence to a
shilling, are commonly worn by both sexes. The English
language is very generally spoken.
K I L— K E
K I
K E
Seal.
At Ballyspellanc, in Galmoy barony, is a mineral spa,
celebrated both for the medicinal properties imputed to
it, and by the lines written on it by the witty and eccen-
tric Dr. Sheridan, the friend of Swift ; the water is best
drunk on the spot, as the carbonic acid gas contained in it,
and to which its effects are chiefly attributable, soon
evaporates on exposure to the air. Chalybeate spas, but
not of much strength, exist near St. John's bridge on the
Nore, near the marble hill on the same river, and at Jer-
point Abbey. In the Castlecomer collieries are also
some weak chalybeates, and others are to be found dis-
persed through the county. Springs of very pure trans-
parent water are numerous ; most of them are named
after some saint, and have a patron annually held near
them.
(£>! 4.^ ^ ^ KILKENNY, a city, and,
' '' ' I'ff^ including Irishtown, a coun-
;} ^ ty of itself, the seat of the
•^ diocese of Ossory, and the
V head of a union, locally in
/*©, the county of Kilkknny, of
ihich it is the chief town.
ilyM^j) from Clonmel, and 575 (S.
"^^ W.) from Dublin ; on the
river Nore and the coach-
road to Cork ; containing
within the parliamentary borough 23,6'25 inhabitants,
of whom 19,071 are within the bounds of the county of
the city. This place is supposed by some writers to
have derived its name from Coil or Kijle Keii-Ni, " the
wooded head, or hill, near the river;" and by others,
with more probability, from the dedication of its church
to St. Canice, or St. Kenny, on the removal of the
ancient see of Ossory from Aghavoe to this place, about
the year 1052. The see had been originally founded at
Saiger, now Seir-Keran, about 402. Of the history of
the town little is recorded previously to 1 173, when
Donald O'Brien, King of Thomond, assembled his forces
to dispossess the English invaders under Strongbow,
■who had established themselves and erected a fortress
here soon after their landing in Ireland. On this occa-
sion Strongbow retreated to Waterford, and abandoned
the castle to the enemy, by whom, together with the
town, it was demolished, and the surrounding country
laid waste. In 1 192, the English appear to have settled
themselves firmly at this place; and in 1 195, William
Le Mareschal, who had succeeded to Strongbow's pos-
sessions, rebuilt the castle on a larger scale, and re-
stored the town, which became one of the principal
residences of his successors, and the head of the pala-
tinate of Kilkenny. About this time arose that portion
of the present town which is strictly called Kilkenny,
and which was more immediately connected with the
castle, in contradistinction to the original town, called
Irishtown, on the opposite bank of a small river flowing
into the Nore. Each had its separate and independent
municipal government, the former under the lords of
the castle, and the latter under the bishops of Ossory,
who ceded a portion of Irishtown to William Le
Mareschal, by whom the burgesses tf Kilkenny were
incorporated and endowed with many privileges, among
which was exemption from toll in all his territories
of Leinster. Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester
and Hereford, marrying a daughter of William Le
Mareschal, obtained as her dower the county of Kd-
kenny, which subsequently passed by marriage to Hugh,
grandfather of Thomas Le Spencer, from whom it
was purchased by James Butler, third earl of Or-
monde.
A great council of the barons of the English pale was
held here in 1294. In 1309 a parliament assembled at
this place, in which severe laws were enacted against
such of the English settlers as should adopt the Irish
customs ; and anathemas against all who should in-
fringe these laws, were denounced in the cathedral by
the Archbishop of Cashel and other prelates who as-
sisted on that occasion. In 1317, Lord Roger Mortimer,
justiciary of Ireland, and the English nobles, held a
council here to deliberate on the most effectual means '
of opposing the ravages of Edward Bruce ; an army of
30,000 men was collected, and great numbers of families
sought refuge in the town under the general alarm.
Parliaments were held at Kilkenny in 132" and 1330,
when an army assembled here to drive Brien O'Brien
from Urkuffs, near Cashel ; in 1331 a parliament was
adjourned to this place from Dublin; and in 1S41 a
grand meeting of the principal nobility took place,
assisted by the chief officers of the king's cities, to
petition for the better government of Ireland. Other
parliaments were held in 134*, 1356, and 136", at
which last, presided over by Lionel, Duke of Clarence,
the celebrated statute of Kilkenny was enacted ; and
also in 1370 and 1374, in which latter parliament Sir
William de Windsor was sworn into the office of lord-
lieutenant. Letters-patent were granted in 1375 to the
burgesses, and renewed in 1384, authorising them to
appropriate certain customs for building and repairing
the walls; and in 1399, Richard II., in his progress
through the south of Ireland, arrived from Waterford
at this place, where he was entertained for fourteen days
by the Earl of Ormonde. Robert Talbot, a kinsman of
the earl's, in 1400, encompassed the greater portion of
the town with walls ; and in 1419 the townsmen re-
ceived a grant of tolls for murage. During the contest
between the houses of York and Lancaster, Kilkenny
was taken and plundered by the Earl of Desmond, who
was an adherent of the latter ; and in 1499 the bur-
gesses, headed by their sovereign, marched out in aid of
the Butlers against Tirlagh O'Brien, but were defeated.
The last parliament held in the town was convened in
1536, and was adjourned to Cashel ; but Kilkenny still
continued to be the occasional residence of the lords-
lieutenant, and the chief seat of their government, for
which purpose Henry VIII. granted to the corporation
the site and precincts of the Black friars' monastery,
on condition of their furnishing certain accommodation
free of expense to the chief governor of Ireland, when
in Kilkenny ; from which, however, they were subse-
quently released on payment of a fine of £70. Sir Peter
Carew, in his progress to resist the aggressions of the
Butlers and Desmonds, in 1568, took possession of the
town, which was soon after invested by Fitz-Maurice,
brother of Desmond ; but the spirited conduct of the
garrison compelled him to retire.
In the parliamentary war of 1641 this place was dis-
tinguished as the theatre of contention ; it was seized
by Lord Mountgarret, and in the following year a
general synod of the Roman CathoUc clergy was held
K I L— K E
K I L— K E
here, and a meeting of deputies from the confederate
Catholics from all parts of the kingdom took place in
the house of Mr. R. Shee, in the present coal market.
The lords, prelates, and commons all sat in the same
chamber ; while the clergy who were not qualified to
sit as barons assembled in convocation iu another
house ; and a press was erected in the city, at which
were printed all the decrees of the synod. On the
arrival of Rinuncini, the pope's nuncio, the city and
suburbs were placed under an interdict, for accepting
the peace which had been concluded at this meeting ;
and in 1648 a scheme was detected for betraying the
city and the supreme council into the hands of the
nuncio and the party of O'Nial. Cromwell, relying on
the promises of an officer of the garrison, advanced be-
fore the city though unprepared to besiege it, in the
hope of obtaining it by treachery ; but the plot was
discovered and the agent executed. Having, however,
received large reinforcements under Ireton, he again
appeared before it on the 23rd of March, 1650, and
commenced a regular siege ; the garrison, originally
consisting of 200 horse and 1000 foot, but reduced by
the plague to 300, made a resolute defence under Sir
Walter Butler, who had been appointed governor by
Lord Castlehaven, but was at length compelled to sur-
render upon honourable terms.
The CITY, which occupies an area of nearly a square
mile, is intersected from north to south by the river
Nore, dividing it into two very unequal portions. The
larger, containing the castle, is on the western bank ;
and near the northern extremity, on the same side of
the river, is that part of the city called Irishtowu, con-
taining the cathedral, and separated from the rest by
the small river Breagh, which here falls into the Nore.
The streets are very irregular ; but the city has an air
of venerable magnificence, from its castle, cathedral,
and the numerous and imposing remains of its ancient
religious edifices, and is seen to great advantage from
the high eastern bank of the river, and from the rising
ground on the road to Clonmel. The houses in the
principal streets are generally built of stone, and many
of them are spacious and handsome, especially in that
part properly called Kilkenny, in which the chief modern
improvements have taken place; the total number of
houses, in 1841, was 3357, since which time the number
has increased. There are two elegant stone bridges
over the Nore, erected after designs by Mr. G. Smith,
to replace two which had been destroyed in 1763 by a
great flood ; St. John's bridge consists of three arches,
and Green's bridge connects Irishtown with the opposite
bank. In 1845 an act was passed for the construction
of a railway to Waterford, with a branch to Kells, the
length of the main line to be 31 miles, and of the
branch 6i miles, British ; the capital is £250,000, with
a power of borrowing £83,000. The environs are in
many parts extremely pleasing, and there is a fine pro-
menade called the Mall, extending nearly a mile along
the bank of a canal commenced many years since, but
never completed, and also along the banks of the Nore
and the base of the castle; it is beautifully planted
with ornamental trees of fine growth. At a short dis-
tance from the city are infantry barracks for 15 officers
and 558 non-commissioned officers and privates, a neat
range of buildings of modern erection ; there is also a
temporary barrack for one squadron of horse The
76
Library, established in 1811 by a proprietary, and
supported by subscription, contains more than 4000
volumes, and has a news-room attached to it ; it is
open to strangers introduced by a subscriber. The
Mechanics'-Friend Society, established iu 1835, for dif-
fusing information among the working classes, and
supported by subscription, has a library of 700 volumes,
and a room in which lectures on the arts and sciences
are gratuitously delivered. The Horticultural Society
holds two meetings in the year ; and races are held in
September on a course at a short distance from the
town, and are generally well attended. The Kilkenny
Hunt has been long established, and is considered as
the most celebrated in Ireland. The savings' bank,
established in 1816, under the patronage of the Earl of
Ormonde, had, in 1835, deposits to the amount of
£23,784, and 801 depositors : in 1842 the number of
depositors was 12/6.
In the l6th century. Piers, Earl of Ormonde, with
a view to benefit the town by the introduction of
MANUFACTURES, brought over several artificers from
Flanders and the neighbouring provinces, whom he
employed in working tapestry, diapers, and carpets ;
but the manufacture did not extend beyond the supply
of the castle, and was soon discontinued. The manu-
facture of coarse frieze was extensively carried on here
in the reign of Charles II., but was withdrawn to Car-
rick-on-Suir, and succeeded by the wool-combing and
the worsted trade, which, about the middle of the
last century, were superseded by the manufacture of
blankets, which became the principal trade both of the
city and the county. In 1821, from 3000 to 4000 per-
sons were employed in this manufacture ; but on the
expiration of the protecting duties, the trade became
depressed, and at present not more than 600 persons
are employed in it, and even these at reduced prices ;
the blankets made here, however, are still in great re-
pute, and are purchased for the supply of the army.
There is also a small manufacture of coarse woollen
cloth. But the principal trade is in corn ; and in the
immediate neighbourhood are several very extensive
flour-mills, three large distilleries, four breweries, two
tanneries, some extensive yards for curing bacon, some
salt-works, and several considerable starch-manufac-
tories. Coarse linens are woven by the country people
for domestic wear, and there is a large bleach- green.
About half a mile from the city are quarries of the well-
known Kilkenny marble, which has a black ground
with white veins interspersed with shells and marine
exuviae, and is susceptible of a very high polish. It is
mostly worked into mantel-pieces of great beauty, and
is cut and polished in a mill moved by water power,
erected on the bank of the river, about two miles from
the town, in the parish of Blackrath ; great quantities
of the marble are exported. Limestone is also quarried
in various parts of the neighbourhood of the city. In
the excise arrangements, Kilkenny gives name to, and
is the head of, a district comprising the city of Kil-
kenny, and the towns of Castlecomer and Callan, in the
county of Kilkenny ; Tullow, Carlow, and Leighlin-
Bridge, in the county of Carlow ; and Mountmellick,
Ballinakill, &c., in the Queen's county. The amount
of duties paid in the district for the year 1835, was
£70,665. 16.; and for the year 1843, £24,819- Branches
of the Bank of Ireland, the Provincial Bank, and the
K I L— K E
K I L-K E
National Bank, have been opened. The markets are
on Wednesday and Saturday, and are amply supplied
with corn and provisions of every kind. Two great
fairs are held on March <28th and Corpus-Christi day ;
they are great cattle and wool fairs, wliich regulate the
j)rices of all the others, and are attended by graziers
from all parts of Ireland : there are several other fairs,
established by recent patents. An area in the lower
part of the spacious old building called the Tholse. is
appropriated as a market- house.
The charter granted to the burgesses by William Le
Mareschal was confirmed, with all its privileges, by
Edward III., in the 1st year of his reign; and in the
51st of the same reign, the sovereign, portreeve, and
commonalty of Kilkenny were by a roll enjoined not to
interfere with the freedom of the market of Irishtown ;
the inhabitants of which obtained from Edward IV. a
confirmation of the grant of their market, and the privi-
lege of choosing a portreeve annually, independently of
Kilkenny. Edward VI. confirmed all the ancient privi-
leges of the burgesses of Kilkenny, as enjoyed by them
during the reign of Henry VIII., and granted them the
dissolved priory of St. John, with all its possessions, at
a fee-farm rent of£l6. 6. 4. Elizabeth, in I5"4, con-
firmed the several rights of both boroughs, but, to
obviate the disputes that arose from there being two
corporations in the same town, constituted them, in
nearly every respect, one body corporate under the
designation of " The Sovereign, Burgesses, and Com-
monalty of the Town of Kilkenny." James I., in 1608,
made the towns of Kilkenny and Irishtown, with the
parishes of St. INIary, St. John, St. Canice, and St. Patrick,
a free borough, and in the following year granted addi-
tional privileges ; erected the borough into a city, under
the designation of the " Mayor and Citizens of the City
of Kilkenny ;" and constituted the city and its liberties a
distinct county, to be called the " County of the City of
Kilkenny." Charles I., in 1639, granted to the mayor
and citizens the monasteries of the Black and Grey
friars, with several rectories and other possessions ; and
James II. gave the citizens a new charter, which how-
ever never came into operation, the city being governed
until 1S40 by the charter of James I. Under this
charter the corpor.vtion consisted of a mayor, two
sheriffs, 18 aldermen, .'i6 common-councilmen, and an
indefinite number of freemen, assisted by a recorder,
treasurer, two coroners, a town-clerk, four serjeants-at-
mace, and other officers. The mayor, who was also
custos rotulorum, escheator, clerk-of-the-market, and
master of the assay, was chosen annually from the
aldermen by the aldermen and councilmen, on the ne.\t
Monday after the '24th of June, and had power to
appoint a deputy, during illness or necessary absence,
chosen from such of the aldermen as had served the
office of mayor. The sheritTs were elected annually
from the common-councilmen by the aldermen and
councilmen, on the same day as the mayor. The alder-
men were chosen for life from the common-councilmen
by the mayor and aldermen; and the common-council-
men were chosen from the freemen by the aldermen
and councilmen, who also appointed the recorder ; the
treasurer and town-clerk were appointed by the corpo-
ration. There was likewise a corporation of the staple.
The freedom of the city was obtained by birth, marriage,
servitude, and favour of the corporation. The burgesses
of Irishtown still continued to elect their portreeve an-
nually under the direction of the Bishop of Ossory ; he
was clerk-of-the-market, and presided in his court held
weekly for the recovery of debts under 40.v., but had no
magisterial jurisdiction. At present the city forms one
complete municipal borough, divided into two wards,
and governed by a mayor, 6 aldermen, and IH council-
lors, elected under the act 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap.
108. A sheritr is appointed by the Lord-Lieutenant, and
there are also a treasurer, town-clerk, clerk of the peace,
and other officers. The total amount of grand jury
presentments, in the year 1844, was £'2451. 6. 4., of
which £13'2. 10. 10. were for repairs of roads, bridges,
&c. ; £580. 10. for prison expenses, including salaries;
£539. 9. !■ for the police establishment of the city;
£504. 3. 6. for salaries of other officers; £'215 for
public charities ; £'20'2. 8. 5. in repayment of advances
from government; and the remainder, £'277- 4. 6., mis-
cellaneous charges.
Each of the two old boroughs returned two members
to the Irish parliament ; Kilkenny for the first time in
1374, and Irishtown at a much earlier period : both
continued to do so till the Union, when Irishtown was
disfranchised, and the £15,000 awarded in compensa-
tion were paid to the Board of First Fruits, to be applied
to the uses of that fund. Since that period the city has
sent only one member to the Imperial parliament. The
right of election, previously to the year 183*2 in the
freemen of the city and 4O4-. freeholders of the ancient
county of the city, was, by the act of the 9nd of Wil-
liam IV., cap. 88, vested in the resident freemen and
£10 householders, and in £'20 and £10 leaseholders for
the respective terms of 14 and '20 years ; the old 40s.
freeholders retain the privilege only for life. The num-
ber of registered voters in 1841 was 580, of whom 46
were £"20, one £10, and 55 40*., freeholders ; 1'2 lease-
holders ; 345 householders; one rent-charger; and 120
freemen. No alteration has taken place in the boun-
dary of the parliamentary borough, which is co-extensive
with the ancient county of the city. The mayor, re-
corder, and all the aldermen who had served the office
of mayor, were, under the old regime, justices of the
peace, and under their charter held quarterly courts of
session, with criminal jurisdiction within the county of
the city ; also a court of record, called the Tholsel, for
the determination of actions to any amount exceeding
£•20, every Tuesday and Friday. Assizes for the county
of the city, and for the county at large, are held here
twice in the year ; and quarter-sessions for the county
of Kilkenny are held in rotation with other towns. The
constabulary force stationed in the city comprises one
head-constable, four constables, and '25 sub-constables ;
the expense of whose maintenance, in 1842, was £945.
The court-house, called Grace's Old Castle, contains
coiu-ts both for the city and for the county at large, and
is a spacious and handsome modern building, occupying
part of the site of the ancient castle of the family of
Grace, of whom William Grace, or Le Gras, its first
founder, was seneschal of Leinster and governor of
Kilkenny. The city gaol is a badly constructed edifice,
containing sixteen cells, not adapted to the classification
of prisoners. The county gaol is a spacious modern
building of stone, a httle to the west of the city ; it
contains 48 cells, five day-rooms, six work-rooms, eight
yards, an hospital, and a chapel, with a tread-mill.
Arms of the Bishopric.
KIL— K
The See of Ossory, which,
like that of Meath, takes its
name from a district, was
originally established at Sai-
ger, now Seir-Kieran, in the
territory of Ely O' Carrol,
about the year 402, by .S7.
Kieraii, after his return from
Rome, where he had remain-
ed 20 years in the study of
the Christian faith, and had
been consecrated a bishop.
He was accompanied on his
return by five other bishops, who founded sees in other
parts of Ireland ; and after presiding over this see for
many years he is supposed to have died in Cornwall, as
stated by the English martyrologists. Of his successors
who were called Episcopi Saigerenses, but very imperfect
accounts are preserved. Carthag, his disciple and im-
mediate successor, died about the year 540, from which
period till the removal of the see from Saiger to Agha-
voe, about the year 10.52, there appears to have been,
with some few intervals, a regular succession of prelates.
(The monastery of Aghavoe was founded by St. Canice ;
he was the first abbot, and died about the year 600.)
After the removal of the see from Saiger, there is little
mention of the bishops, in whose succession there is a
chasm of 73 years till the time of Donald O'Fogarty, who
was consecrated in 1152, and assisted at the synod of
Kells held under Cardinal Paparo, as vicar-general and
bishop of Ossory. Felix O'Dullamj, who succeeded him
in 1 178, removed the see from Aghavoe to the city of
Kilkenny, as a place of greater security, and laid the
foundation of the cathedral church of St. Canice, which
was continued at a great expense by Hugh Mapellon, and
completed by Geoffrey St. Leger, about the year 1270.
Bishop St. Leger gave to the vicars-choral his manse
and lodgings, formerly the episcopal palace, previously
to the erection of the palaces of Aghor and Dorogh ;
and William Fitz-John, who succeeded in 1302, appro-
priated the church of Claragh to the abbey of St. John
the Evangelist, with a reservation of '20s. to the vicars-
choral of St. Canice. Richard Ledred, who was conse-
crated in 1318, beautified the cathedral, and rebuilt and
glazed all the windows, of which the great east window
contained some exquisite specimens of scripture history
in stained glass, for which Rinuncini, the pope's nuncio,
in 1645, oflfered £700 ; the same prelate built the epis-
copal palace, near the cathedral. Bishop Hacket, who
succeeded in 1460, built the arch of the tower of the
cathedral, of hewn stone, and appropriated the parish
church of Ballybur to the vicars-choral ; Oliver Cantwell,
who succeeded in 1488, repaired the episcopal palaces,
rebuilt the bridge of Kilkenny (which had been de-
stroyed by a flood), and gave the church of St. Mael to
the vicars-choral of St. Canice. Milo Baron, who was
consecrated in 1527, repaired the episcopal palace,
and gave a silver staff to the cathedral ; Nicholas Walsh,
his successor, was the first who introduced types of the
Irish character, in which he had prayer-books and a
catechism printed. Jonas » Viee/er, consecrated in 1613,
recovered the lauds of TasscotTni, (irangecoolpobble, Fre-
inston, and Sheskin Wood, which Bishop Thonory had
alienated ; and obtained a grant of the manor of Bregh-
moe, iu King's county, which was confirmed to the see
78
K I L— K E
in 1619, by James I. Griffith Williams, who succeeded
to the prelacy in 1641, laid out £1400 in repairing the
cathedral, and £300 in beautifying the chancel ; and
gave to the see many of his lands in Caernarvonshire
and other parts of Wales. Bishop Parry, in 16*2, en-
riched the see by the recovery of alienated lands. Thomas
Olway, who succeeded in 16*9, founded the library of
the cathedral in the churchyard, and assigned all his
books for the use of the clergy of the diocese ; he also
embellished the cathedral, and gave to it a service of
communion plate weighing 363 ounces. The see of
Ossory continued to be a separate diocese till 1835,
when, on the death of Dr. Elrington, Bishop of Ferns
and Leighlin, both those dioceses were, under the pro-
visions of the Church Temporalities' act of the 3rd and
4th of William IV., annexed to it, and the temporalities
of Ossory became vested in the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners.
The diocese, which is one of the sixteen that consti-
tute the ecclesiastical province of Dublin, comprehends
the ancient county of the city of Kilkenny, the whole of
the barony of Ossory, in Queen's county, the parish of
Seir-Kyran, in King's county, and the greater part of
the county of Kilkenny. It extends 60 miles in length,
and 18 in breadth, and comprises an estimated super-
ficies of 346,000 acres, of which 60,000 are in Queen's
county, 4100 in King's county, and 281,000 in the
county and county of the city of Kilkenny. The lauds
belonging to the see of Ossory comprise 21,*30 statute
acres of profitable land ; and the gross annual revenue,
on an average of three years ending Dec. 31st, 1831,
was returned at £3859. In 1844 the income received
by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners was £3565. The
chapter consists of a dean, precentor, chancellor, trea-
surer, archdeacon, and the seven prebendaries of Black-
rath, Aghoure, Mayne, Killamery, Tascoffin, Kilmanagh,
and Cloneamery. The vicars-choral, three in number,
are a corporate body, endowed with various lands and
tithes in the city and county of Kilkenny ; the former
comprising nearly 269 acres, and, together with the
tithes, producing before the passing of the Rent-charge
act a rental of £200. 1. 10. The economy fund, prior
to that act, amounted to £444. 1., arising from houses
and premises in the city, and from tithes in the county.
The consistorial court consists of a vicar-general, surro-
gate, three proctors, and two registrars, who are keepers
of the records of the see, which are all modern docu-
ments, the earliest being wills dated 1634. The total
number of parishes in the diocese of Ossory is 146,
comprised in 62 benefices, of which 27 are unions of
two or more parishes, and 35 single parishes ; of these
benefices 11 are in the gift of the Crown, 16 in lay and
Corporation patronage, 5 in joint or alternate presenta-
tion, and the remaiuder in the patronage of the Bishop
or incumbents. The total number of churches is 52,
and there are six other places where divine service is
performed ; the number of glebe-houses is 36.
The CATHEDRAL church, dedicated to St. Canice, and
situated on a gentle eminence at the western extremity
of the city, is a spacious and venerable cruciform struc-
ture, in the early English style of architecture, with a
low massy central tower supported on clustered columns
of black marble, and lofty pointed arches, affording
entrances from the nave into the choir and transepts.
The exterior walls, with the exception only of the gables,
K I L— K E
K I I K E
are embattled, and at the west end the pinnacles form
two small spires. The whole length of" the building is
2'i6 feet, and the breadth along the transepts- 1*23 t'eet.
The interior is lofty, and of chaste design ; the nave is
separated from the aisles by an elegant range of five
clnstered columns of black marl)le on each side, with
lofty and gracefully moulded arches, and is lighted by
a large west window of elegant design, and a range of
five clerestory windows. The aisles are lighted by four
windows on each side. The choir, of similar character
to the nave, has a beautifully groined ceiling, embellished
with delicate tracery and numerous raodillions, and with
a central group of cherubs, festoons, and foliage of
exquisite richness. At the end of the south transept,
on the eastern side, is the consistory court, built by
Bishop Pococke, and to the north of it is the chapter-
house. On the eastern side of the north transept is a
door leading through a dark passage into the chapel of
St. Mary, where the parochial vicar of St. Canice
formerly officiated ; and adjacent to it, on the same
side, is the present parish church, containing the tomb
of Bishop Gafney, who died in l.'i'G. In various parts
of the cathedral are ancient monuments, of which the
most remarkable is that of Bishop David, near the
consistorial court, now much defaced ; eight of the
bishops of Ossory, and several of the noble proprietors
of the castle, are interred here; and in the transept is a
stone seat, called the Chair of St. Kieran. Within a
short distance from the south transept are the remains
of an ancient round tower, 108 feet high, 4* feet in cir-
cumference at the base, and crowned with a low battle-
ment. The cemetery is finely planted, and is approached
from the town by a flight of marble steps. Near the
east end of the cathedral is the Episcopal Palace, a
commodious and handsome residence ; and on the
south-eastern side is the Deanery, a good building. At
the north-western end of the churchyard is the Diocesan
Library, founded in 169'2 by Bishop Otway, who left £5
per annum to the librarian, and £5 for coal ; it was en-
larged in 1756, by Bishop Maurice, who increased the
stipend of the librarian by an annuity of £20, and con-
tributed largely to the collection, which now contains
3000 volumes.
In the Roman Catholic divisions, this diocese, as
originally constituted, is a separate bishopric, being one
of the three suffragan to the archiepiscopal see of Dublin :
it comprises 3'2 parochial benefices or unions, contain-
ing 94 chapels served by S8 clergymen, of whom 31,
including the bishop, are parish priests, and .56 coadju-
tors or curates. The parochial benefices of the bishop
are the unions of St. Mary and St. John, Kilkenny, in
the former of which are the Roman Catholic cathedral
and the bishop's residence. The diocese is divided
into three districts, called the northern division, or
Conference of Ballyragget ; the middle division, or Con-
ference of Kilkenny ; and the southern division, or
Conference of Ballyhale ; where chapters of the clergy
are held.
The ancient county of the city, or parliamentary bo-
rough, comprehends the parishes of St. Mary, St. Patrick,
St. John, and St. Canice, and comprises 17,012 statute
acres: the present county of the city, or municipal borough,
is not nearly so extensive, consisting of only 921 acres.
The parish of St. Hhiry is entirely within the city :
the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the
79
Bishop. The church, for the erection of which the
Board of First Fruits, in IKI9, granted a loan of £1200,
is an elegant cruciform structure, with a tower and
spire, situated in the High-street. The glebe-house,
for which the same Board gave £400 and lent £.1.50, is
a good residence ; and there is a small glebe near the
church. The parish of .S7. Patrick is about one mile and
a half in length, and nearly the same in breadth : the
living is a rectory and vicarage, united to the rectory of
Aghaboe and the rectory and vicarage of Urlingford, to-
gether constituting the corps of the deanery of Ossory,
in the patronage of the Crown ; the tithe rent-charge of
the parish is £37.5, and of the whole union £882. 3. 4.
The parish of .S7. John comprises 5532 statute acres :
fairs, for which patents were recently obtained, are held
here on Feb. 15th, May 6th, Sept. 23rd, and Nov. 10th.
The living is a vicarage, united by act of council, in the
reign of Henry VIII., to the vicarage of Clara, and in
the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate
in the corporation of Kilkenny. The tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £432. 1. 6., of which £279- 15. 4. are
payable to the corporation, and the remainder to the
vicar ; the tithe of the whole union, payable to the in-
cumbent, is £219. 16. Tlie church is part of the ancient
monastery of St. John the Evangelist, restored agreeably
to the character of the ancient building, which was of
elegant design and elaborate execution ; it contains the
mutilated relics of sepulchral monuments to the Butler,
Grace, and Purcel families. There is no glebe-house ;
the glebe is situated in the parish of Clara, and consists
of 15 acres. The parish of St. Canice comprises 6915
statute acres : the living is a rectory and vicarage,
united by act of council from time immemorial to the
rectories and vicarages of Ballybur and St. Martin, to-
gether forming the union of St. Canice, belonging to the
vicars-choral, who receive the tithe rent-charge of the
two first, amounting to £347. 10. ; that of St. Martin
is payable to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish of St. Mary is the
head of a union or district, comprising also a small
portion of St. John's ; the parish of St. Patrick is the
head of a union, comprising also the parishes of Castleinch
and Outrath, and part of St. Canice ; the parish of St. John
is the head of a union, comprising also Rathcoole, Kil-
derry, and Kilmadrum j and the parish of St. Canice is the
head of a union, comprising also the parish of St. Maul,
and part of Ballybur. There are four chapels in Kil-
kenny, one in each parish : that of St.' Canice is a good
modern edifice, in the later English style ; the others are
all plain buildings. Adjoining St. Mary's, which is the
largest, are the residence of the bishop, and a Presenta-
tion convent, with a chapel attached to it : there are
also a Capuchin friary, and a Dominican abbey, with
chapels attached. A handsome Roman Catholic cathe-
dral is in process of erection, built of the native black
marble, which, when unpolished, has a beautiful light-
grey colour.
The grammar-school, called the college of Kilkenny,
was originally founded by Piers Butler, Earl of Ormonde,
and a new charter was granted to it by the Duke of Or-
monde, in 1684; but it fell into disuse during the war
of the Revolution, and James II. founded on its site a
royal college, which continued only for a short time,
when the original establishment was restored. The
house, having gone to decay, was rebuilt in 178^, by
K I L— K E
parliamentary grants amounting to £5064, and is
adapted to the accommodation of 80 boarders. Pro-
vision is made for the education of scholars on the
foundation, to be afterwards admitted into Trinity
College, Dublin ; and the children of freemen are en-
titled to instruction at half the usual terras. The
school was endowed by the Duke of Ormonde with a
house for the master in John-street, having eight acres
of land attached to it, and with £140 per annum charged
on the Ormonde estate, for the maintenance of a master
and ushers, and the repair of the house ; the salary of
the master of the diocesan school, which has been dis-
continued, is also paid to the master of this school, who
is appointed by the Provost and Fellows of Trinity Col-
lege, and is to teach the classics, poetry, and oratory.
The Bishop of Ossory, Leighlin, and Ferns, and the Pro-
vost of Trinity College, are visiters. Among many
eminent men who have been educated in this esta-
blishment, were Stanihurst, the historian ; Swift ; Con-
greve ; Farquhar ; Harris, the continuator of Ware ;
Provost Baldwin ; and Dr. Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne.
At Birchjield, near the city, is a Roman Catholic semi-
nary for the education of students intended for the
priesthood. Bishop Pococke bequeathed the whole of
his property to the Incorporated Society of Dublin for
promoting English Protestant schools, for the foundation
of a school for Roman Catholic children from 12 to 16
years of age, to be instructed in the principles of the
Protestant religion, and bred to the linen-weaving trade,
for which purpose he appropriated his manufacturing
house at L'lntown, which is amply endowed. There are,
at present, about '24 boys in the school, and as many
looms in the factory ; and the curate of the parish, with
a salary of £10, is eatechist to the school, which now
occupies the building of the old charter-school. A pa-
rochial school for the city at large is supported by a
bequest of £100 per annum from the late Mr. Evans,
an annual donation from the bishop and dean, and by
subscription ; there are also an infants' school, and others.
The ladies of the Presentation convent gratuitously in-
struct more than 300 female children. The city like-
wise contains an orphan-house for girls, under the
patronage of the ladies of the convent; for the establish-
ment of which a large sum was given by Mr. Murphy,
of this city.
Adjoining the library in St. Canice's churchyard is
an almshouse for eight poor women, founded by Bishop
WaUams, who endowed it with lands at Fermoy, which
were sold by his executors ; the inmates now receive
only small annuities from different estates of the Waring
family. In the coal-market was an hospital, founded
by Thomas, Earl of Ormonde, who died in )6l4; he en-
dowed it with the impropriate tithes of Drominberran
and Bewley, to which were added those of Inch and
Drumboth by the great Duke of Ormonde, who obtained
from Charles II. a charter incorporating the master,
brethren, and sisters. The house having gone to decay,
a smaller one was built in High-street by the present
family, consisting of two stories, with four rooms on
each floor, inhabited by eight poor widows, who receive
small payments ; it is called the Ormonde poor-house.
In Rose-Inn-Street is an hospital founded in 1,5S1, by
Sir R. Shee, Knt., who endowed it with the tithes of
Butler's-woods and KilmocahiU, in the counties of Kil-
kenny and Carlow, for the support of twelve poor men
K I L— K E
and women ; but the tithes have long been detained in
lay hands. General St. Ruth, also, bequeathed some
property, vested in the French funds ; but the inmates,
who are now all females, receive only small gratuities,
from the family of Shee, by whom they are nominated,
and alms collected at the chapel of St. Mary. In a
pleasant situation is a range of almshouses, called St.
James' Asylum, founded and endowed, in lS03,by James
Switzer, Esq., for twenty poor widows, twelve Pro-
testant and eight Roman Catholic, each of whom, in
addition to residence, receives £20 per annum ; in the
area in front of the building is a statue of the founder,
who was a native of the city.
The widow of Edw. Cramer bequeathed £*■ 10. per
annum (turnpike debentures) for supplying the poor of
St. Mary's parish with bread, to be distributed at the
church by the curate, who also has the distribution of
another bequest to the poor of that parish by Mr.
Nicholai. Mr. Lewis Chapelier, of John-street, bequeathed,
in trust, the interest of £.500 to be given every second
year, in a sum of £50 late currency, as a marriage por-
tion to the daughter of a reputable tradesman, who
should marry a tradesman of the town, both being Pro-
testants. Sir fl'illiam Fowiies bequeathed the rents of
two tenements in Patrick- street to charitable ptirposes;
£8 are accordingly given yearly to the county infirmary,
and the rest in charitable pensions. A large house and
garden in Patrick- street were bequeathed by Gen. St.
Ruth, in trust, to pay £12 per annum to the poor ; and
a bequest for the same purpose by Mr. John Cramer was
made about the same time ; but neither gift has been
carried into effect. The late Rev. William Lanigan, P. P.
of St. Patrick's, bequeathed £1600, three per cent, con-
sols, for the support of six widows, who receive the divi-
dends ; a house was lately built for their reception.
The Charitable Society, formed in 1740, affords relief to
sick tradesmen or their widows ; the Benevolent Society
was established in 1*85, forthe relief of bedridden poor.
A charitable loan fund was instituted by act of parlia-
ment in 1793, for lending small sums to tradesmen, free
of interest ; and the Ormonde fund, for the same pur-
pose, was established by the Ormonde family in 1834.
The County Infirmary was opened in 1767 : it contains
two male and two female wards, in each of which are 10
beds; external patients receive advice and medicine two
days in every week ; the average annual income is about
£660, and the number of in-patients about 500, and of
out-patients about 1059. The Fever Hospital was built
at an expense of £1100, a loan from government, sub-
sequently repaid by grand jury assessments. The Dis-
pensary, founded in 1819, is supported by presentments
and subscription, and a bequest of £100 per annum by
the late Mr. Evans, which, in common with other
charitable bequests by that gentleman, has been for
some time suspended, from the non-payment of interest
on certain debts chargeable on estates, for the sale of
which proceedings have been for some years pending in
the court of chancery. Patients unable to attend are
visited at their own houses. The Union Workhouse,
opened on the 21st April, 1842, contains accommoda-
tion for 1300 paupers; the union comprises an area of
275,825 statute acres, and its population amounts to
about 114,735.
The CASTLE, originally built by Strongbow, and re-
built by William Le Maresehal and others, occupies a
K I L— K E
K I L— K E
commanding situation on an eminence overlooking the
riviT Nore. It was formerly inclosed with a wall 40
t'oet high, and defended by bastions, curtains, and towers
of great strength, with a keep on the summit; and
contained in addition to accommodation for a large
garrison, a splendid suite of apartments, the baronial
residence of the earls of Ormonde. The edifice was for
the greater part rebuilt by the second duke of Ormonde,
but not completed, and occupies at present two sides of
a quadrangle, containing three of the round towers of the
ancient castle : several of the rooms are hung with tapes-
try from the manufacture introduced by the Ormonde
family, and there is a fine collection of paintings, among
which are numerous portraits of the time of Charles II.
The castle is nosv being partly rebuilt on a splendid
scale by the present marquess, after a design by Mr.
Robertson, of Kilkenny, and when completed will oc-
cupy three sides of a quadrangle, preserving the ancient
towers, with the character of which the additional build-
ings will carefully harmonise. It commands extensive
and interesting views, and will be one of the most mag-
nificent baronial residences in the country. The other
principal seats in the immediate vicinity of the city are,
Kilcreen, once the seat of Sir W. dc Montmorency, Bart. ;
Castle Blunden (formerly Clonmoran), the residence of
Sir J. Blunden, Bart. ; Bonnetstown ; Rose Hill ; Or-
chardton, of the Dowager Countess of Carrick ; and
Danville.
The priory, or hospital, of St. John the Evangelist,
founded by William Le Mareschal in 1220, notwith-
standing its long alienation from ecclesiastical uses, was,
in 1641, taken possession of by a fraternity of Jesuits,
who commenced its restoration ; a great part of it was
afterwards demolished, and the east window of its
church, enriched with delicate tracery, and part of the
south side of the choir, formed a picturesque ruin till
the year 1817, when it was restored, and became the
parish church of St. John. The Annals of this house,
called the Codex Kitkeniiieiisis, were in high reputation,
and formed part of the Chandos collection. The Domi-
nican abbey, founded in Irishtown by William Le
Mareschal the younger, in 1225, was dedicated to the
Holij Trimtij ; and chapters of the order were held in
it in 1281, 1302, 1306, and 1316 : part of it was, sub-
sequently to the Reformation, made a shire-house, and
in 1640 the whole was repaired. The remains of the
abbey church are e.xtensive and interesting : it was
cruciform, with a central tower, which is still in good
preservation, crowned with a graduated battlement
having angular turrets ; the windows and arches are of
elegant design, and the nave and south transept are
beautiful specimens of rich detail in the decorated
English style : part has been restored for a Roman
Catholic chapel. Among the eminent persons interred
in this church were the founder and his brother. The
Franciscan abbey was founded previously to the year
1230, and a provincial chapter was helii in it in 126" ;
it extended from the city walls to the river, and of its
extensive remains, part has been converted into a brewery.
The body of the church is nearly entire, though without
a roof, and is now used as a tennis-court ; at the west
end are the relics of a lofty window of seven lights, and
from the centre of the building rises a tower of light and
elegant proportions, resting on finely groined arches,
and apparently of the date of the 14th century. Within
Vol. I'i.— 81
the precincts is a well of pure water, formerly held ia
great veneration, and still in high repute. John Clyn,
an annalist of some celebrity, was a friar of this house.
All these three houses after the Reformatiim were
granted to the corporation. Part of a building in the
coal-market, now divided into five or six tenements, is
said to have been the chamber in which the parliaments
held at Kilkenny assembled : it consisted of a hall, 49
feet long and 4" feet wide, under which was a dungeon,
20 feet square ; the windows are arched, narrow, and
lofty, and are defended with iron bars. Among the
eminent natives of this city were several bishops of
various sees, of whom William Daniel, D.D., a man of
great learning, translated the Book of Common Prayer
from the English, and the New Testament from the
Greek, into the Irish language, and was made arch-
bishop of Tuam in 1609. John Banim, author of the
O'Hara Tales, was also a native of this place. Kilkenny
gave the title of Earl to the family of Butler ; the last
carl died in 1846.
KILKENNY-WEST, a parish, in the union of Ath-
LONE, barony of Kilkenny-Wkst, county of West-
MEATH, and province of Leinster, 5^ miles (N. E. by N.)
from Athlone, on the road from that place to Ballyma-
hon J containing 3489 inhabitants. An abbey anciently
existed here, one of the abbots of which, St. Scannail,
died in 7*3 : it was, with its possessions, granted in
1.569 to Robert Dillon, in capite, at the annual rent of
£22. 0. 10. A priory, or hospital, of Crouched friars
was erected at the beginning of the 13th century, by
Friar Thomas, grandson of Sir Thomas Dillon, and some
of its ruins still exist. In 1335, the grand priory of Kil-
mainham had an exempt hospital here ; and there was
a holy well, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. At Beth-
lem, near Lough Rce, was formerly a nunnery, which
was plundered and burnt in 1642, by some English
soldiers, who were attacked the same night, by the
peasantry and 60 of them killed. Sir James Dillon en-
camped in the parish in that year, to blockade Athlone.
The PARISH is bounded on the west for a considerable
distance by Lough Ree, which contains several islets,
the largest of them being Friars' Island. It comprises
10,048 statute acres, two-thirds arable and one-third
pasture ; there are about 640 acres of bog. Agriculture
is improving, and here are good limestone-quarries. A
considerable part is occupied by the fine demesne of
Waterstown, which includes a beautiful lake and the
ruins of an ancient castle : the other seats are Rossiana,
East Hill, Annagh, Oatlands, Auburn, and Littleton.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and in
the patronage of the Marquess of Drogheda and R.
Butler Bryan, Esq. ; the tithe rent-charge is £207. 13.8.
The church has been rebuilt by the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners, at a cost of £481. The glebe-house was
built by aid of a gift of £300 and a loan of £500 from
the Board of First Fruits, in 1813 ; the glebe comprises
15 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish
forms part of the district of Noughoval, and has a
spacious chapel. Here are the remains of an old castle,
formerly belonging to Lord Dillon, and which was de-
stroyed by Cromwell. The father of Oliver Goldsmith
was appointed to this rectory in 1730, and resided at
Lissoy, where the poet was first sent to school : his
brother, to whom he dedicated the poem of The Tra-
veller, was curate here, and his sister and brother- in-
K I L— K E
law, Mr. and Mrs. Hodson, resided at Lissoy. Kil-
kenny-West gives the inferior title of Baron to the Earl
of Roscommon. — See Auburn.
KILKERIL, or Kilkeel, a parish, in the barony of
KxocKTOPHER, county of Kilkenny, and province of
Leixster. I5 mile (S.) from Knocktopher, and on the
road from Kilkenny to Waterford ; containing about 1.50
inhabitants, and 589 statute acres. It is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the
union of Knocktopher: the tithe rent-charge is £19.
In the Roman CathoHc divisions the parish is part of
the district of Ballyhale.
KILKERRANMORE, a parish, in the union of Skib-
BEREEN, partly in the West division of the barony of
E.\ST Carbery, but chiefly in the barony of Ibane, and
Barryroe, county of Cork, and province of Munster,
25 miles (S. by E.) from Clonakilty, and on the road
from Cork to Skibbereen ; containing -2996 inhabitants.
It comprises 6127 statute acres, about four-fifths of
which are under tillage ; the remainder is rough pasture,
with a small quantity of bog. The land is generally
fertile, having a substratum of clay-slate ; inferior slate
and good manganese are found here, and it is supposed
that copper exists. There are several excellent farm-
houses. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Ross,
united with that of Castleventry ; the rectory is partly
appropriate to the economy estate of the cathedral of
Ross, and partly impropriate in Messrs. Foot and
Roberts. The tithe rent- charge of the parish is £439,
of which £45. 19. 10. are payable to the economy estate,
£196. 10. 1. to the impropriators, and an equal sum to
the vicar ; the entire tithes of the vicarial benefice
amount to £294. The church, which is a large edifice
with a square tower, was built in 1824, by aid of a gift
of £900 from the late Board of First Fruits. There is
no glebe-house, but the vicar has six acres of glebe. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the
district of Rosscarbery, partly in Kilmeen, and partly in
Rathbarry. Some ruins of the old church exist, in a
burial-ground.
KILKERRIN, a parish, in the barony of Tyaquin,
union of Casti.erea, county of Galway, and province
ofCosxAUGHT, 4 miles (N. W. byW.) from Ballinamore,
on the road from that place to Dunmore ; containing
5466 inhabitants. The parish comprises 20,24* statute
acres ; it has some good limestone-quarries, and an
abundance of bog. The seats are New Forest, Cappa,
Fidane House, Fidane Lodge, and Wellfort. The living
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, epis-
copally united from time immemorial to the vicarages of
Boyannagh and Clonbern, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the vicarage is
£243. 15., and of the whole union £502. 10. The
church has been rebuilt at a cost of £605, of which
£555 were from the funds of the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners. There is a glebe-house, for the erection of
which the Board of First Fruits, in 181", gave £400
and lent £370. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising also Clon-
bern, and containing three chapels, two at Kilkerrin and
one at Clonbern. The parochial school is supported by
a donation of £40 per annum from the rector, who has
also given a house and two acres of land.
KILKEVAN. or Little Limerick, a parish, partly
in the barony of Ballaghkeen, but chiefly in that of
b2
K I L— K I
GoREY, union of Gorey, county of Wexford, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 85 miles (N. E.) from Gorey, on the
road from that place to Arklow ; containing 2S73 inha-
bitants. This parish comprises 9529 statute acres of
fertile land, chiefly under tillage, and has no waste or
bog : there are quarries of good building-stone on Tara
Hill, the north side of which extends into Kilkevan.
Ballynastragh, the seat of the ancient family of Esmonde,
and now the property of Sir T. Esmonde, Bart., is a
handsome modernised mansion, with a light Grecian
portico ; the grounds are tastefully laid out, and embel-
lished with a sheet of water and rich woods. William
Quinn, Esq., has also a finely wooded demesne here, on
which he intends erecting a mansion. Fairs are held at
Little Limerick on April 5th, Whit-Monday, Aug. 21st,
and Nov. 12th. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese
of Ferns, forming part of the union of Gorey and corps
of the deanery of Ferns : the tithe rent-charge is
£276. 18. 6., and there is a glebe of 24n. Ir. ]op. In
the Roman Catholic divisions Kilkevan forms part of
the district of Gorey, and has a chapel at Killanearin,
near Little Limerick, with a residence for the priest :
contiguous to the chapel is a neat building, consisting of
a centre and two wings, and containing schoolrooms
for both sexes, with apartments for the master and mis-
tress. There are some remains of the castle of Little
Limerick, which belonged to the Esmonde family ; and
of the old church.
KILKILLOGE, a village, in the parish of Aham-
PLisH, union of Sligo, barony of Carbury, county of
Sligo, and province of Connaught ; containing 188
inhabitants.
KILKILVERY, a parish, in the union of Tuam,
barony of Clare, county of Galway, and province of
Connaught, on the road from Headford to Tuam; con-
taining, with part of the post-town of Headford, 1470
inhabitants. It comprises 27305 statute acres. The
seats are Ross Lodge and Lysdonagh. The living is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, episcopally
united to the rectories and vicarages of Killeny, Killursa,
Kilcoona, Killower, Donaghpatrick, and Cargan or Car-
rigin, together forming the union of Headford, in the
patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £83. 3. 6., and of the whole union £820. 15.
The church has been rebuilt by the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners at a cost of £983. The glebe-house is a
neat residence, built in ISIS, at a cost exceeding £2000,
partly defrayed by a loan of £1500 and a gift of £100
from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 20
acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
the head of the district of Headford, comprising also the
parishes of Killeny and Killursa, and containing a chapel
here and another in Killeny. — See Headford.
KILKINNIKIN, a village, in the parish of Kilna-
managh, union of Bantry, barony of Bear or Berk,
county of Cork, and province of Munster ; containing
169 inhabitants.
KILKISHEN, a village, in the parish of Clonlea,
barony of Tulla, union of Limerick, county of Clare,
and province of Munster, 4^ miles (N.) from Six-raile-
bridge, on the road from that place to Tulla ; containing
559 inhabitants. It consists of one street of 88 houses,
and has a constabulary police station : fairs are held
on March 19th, Aug. 31st, and Dec. 22nd. The church,
the glebe- house, and the Roman Catholic chapel of the
KILL
K I L— L A
parish, are here. Adjoining the village is Kilkishen,
the seat of the Studderts, in whose demesne are the re-
mains of Kilkishen Castle, consisting of a lofty square
tower of great strength : the demesne is one of the
finest in the county ; the land is of superior quality,
with a vast quantity of wood and water, the latter now-
divided into several lakes, with plantations between. —
See Clonlea.
KILKNEEDAN.— See Kilcredane.
KILKYRAN, a parish, in the barony of Gowran,
union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Lein-
STER, SA miles (N. E.) from Kilkenny; containing 1/5
inhabitants. It comprises 1 lOof statute acres ; and is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the
unicm of Rathcoole, with which the tithe rent-charge is
returned : the living is in the gift of the Dean and
Chapter, to whom the rectory is appropriate. In t!.e
Roman Catholic divisions Kilkyran is part of the dis-
trict of Muckalee.
KILL, a parish, in the union and barony of Rath-
down, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster,
."i miles (S. E.) from Dublin, on the road to Bray ; con-
taining 191'2 inhabitants. This parish comprises '^'CJ
statute acres ; much of the land is in pasture, and the
system of agriculture is improving. The mountain and
sea views are very fine, and there are numerous seats,
among which are Newtown Park House, Belville, Killi-
ney Castle, Carriglea, Stoneville, Somerton, Newpark,
and Kill Abbey. This last seat was the country residence
of the deans, or, as some state, the priors, of Christ
Church, Dublin ; it is part of the estate of Kill of the
Grange of Clonkeen, and has been held by lease for above
130 years by the Espinasse family. The parish is in
the diocese of Dublin, and is a curacy, forming part of
the union of Monkstown ; the rectory is part of the
corps of the deanery of Christ Church, and the tithe
rent-charge is £128. 16. 6., of which two-thirds are pay-
able to the dean and one-third to the curate, who also
receives £31. V2. as the tithe of Kill of the Grange of
Clonkeen. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kill forms
part of the district of Kingstown and Cabinteely. There
is a charity school near Cornel's Court ; and C. Doyne,
Esq., has erected and supports an infants' school near
his seat. The village of Killiney is in this parish, and
is delightfully situated. Near it, on the summit of one
of the Killiney hills, is an obelisk, commanding ex-
tremely beautiful views ; it was erected by John Malpas,
Esq., in 17-i", principally to employ the neighbouring
poor in a season of distress. Not far from Kill Abbey
are the ruins of the old church, in many places covered
with ivy ; in the cemetery are the remains of an ancient
cross, and there are remains of another at the entrance
of the road leading to the church. In the demesne of
Carriglea is a rath.
KILL, a parish, in the union of Naas, partly in the
barony of South Naas, but chiefly in that of South
Salt, county of KiLDARE, and province of Leinster,
3| miles (N. E.) from Naas, on the road from that place
to Dublin ; containing I'iGl inhabitants, of whom 408
are in the village. A commandery for Knights Hos-
pitallers was founded at Kilhill in the 13th century, by
Maurice Fitzgerald, and chapters of the order were
held here in 13'26, 1332, 1333, and 1334; it existed till
the Reformation, when it was granted to John Allen.
The parish comprises 4850^ statute acres ; the soil is of
83
good quality, and principally under tillage. The village
of Kill consists of 73 houses. Bishopscourt is the hand-
some residence of the Hon. F. Ponsonby ; and here is
also the seat of Mrs. Hendrick, in the demesne of which
are the picturesque ruins of the old church at KerdilTs-
towu. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare,
episcopally united to the rectory of Lyons, and held
with the imiiropriate parish of Whifechurch ; the rectory
is partly impropriate in the Earl of Mayo and partly
appropriate to the vicarage. The tithe rent-charge of
the parish is £522. 10., of which £228. 15. are payable
to the impropriator, and the remainder to the incum-
bent ; the entire tithe of the benefice of the incumbent
is £351. 7. 6. The church is a very neat structure,
with a square tower and lofty spire, built in 1822 by
aid of a loan of £2000 from the late Board of First
Fruits, and recently repaired by a grant of £144 from
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners ; it has an organ,
which was given by the Earl of Mayo. The glebe-house
was built in 1829, at a cost exceeding £1100, by the
then incumbent : the glebe here consists of eight acres,
and there are also seven acres in Whitechurch. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the
union or district of Newbridge, and partly the head of a
union comprising the remainder of Kill and the entire
parishes of Lyons, Bodenstown, and Furnace, and con-
taining a chapel at Ardclough, in Lyons, and one at
Kill, which is a remarkably neat building with a tower
and spire, completed in 1826. In the village is a school
under the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity ; the
school-house, an ornamental building, is kept in repair
by the Earl of Mayo. There are also national schools.
Here is a large moat ; and about a mile eastward is
Heartwell, formerly a castellated mansion surrounded
by a fosse. Numerous skeletons have been found in
turning up the ground. Near Heartwell is a rivulet, on
the bank of which are extensive depositions of calca-
reous tufa, which are hardened by exposure to the air,
and, although very porous, are sometimes used in
building. Extensive ramifications of stalactite are also
found.
KILLACONNIGAN. — See Killoghconnoghan.
KILLADERRY, a parish, in the union of Tclla-
MORE, barony of Lower Philipstown, King's county,
and province of Leinster, on the road from Dublin to
Tullamore ; containing, with the post-town of Philips-
town, 264" inhabitants. This parish comprises 5554i
statute acres ; it is intersected by the Grand Canal, and
contains a considerable quantity of bog. Killaderry is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare, united to the rec-
tory of i3allykeane, and in the patronage of the Gifford
family, who are impropriators of the rectory of the
parish; the tithe rent-charge is £13."i, of which two-
thirds are payable to the impropriators, and one-third
to the vicar. The church is a substantial brick edifice,
built in 1835 by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, at a
cost of £900. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, called Philipstown,
comprising the parishes of Killaderry, Ballycomraon,
and Kilclonfert, and containing two chapels, one at
Philipstown and the other at Kill. There are two places
of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. At Philipstown
is a school under the trustees of Erasmus Smith's cha-
rity, by whom the school-house was erected, at an
expense of £250, on ground given by the Countess Fitz-
M 2
K I L— L A
K 1 L— L A
William ; it is under the patronage of Lord Ponsonby.
Some remains of an old castle yet exist. — See Philips-
town.
KILLADIERNAN.— See Killodiernan.
KILLADOOX, a parish, in the union of Celbridge,
barony of North Salt, county of Kildare, and pro-
vince of LeIiNster, li mile (S. W.) from Celbridge, on
the road from that place to Clane ; containing '288
inhabitants. The parish is bounded on the south and
east by the river Liffey, and comprises 1/6.5^ statute
acres, including the mansion and park of Killadoon,
the handsome seat of the Earl of Leitrim. It is a rec-
tory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, forming
part of the union of Kildrought ; the tithe rent-charge
is £75. In the Roman Catholic divisions Killadoon
forms part of the district of Celbridge.
KILLADOON, a parish, in the union of Boyle,
barony of Tiraghrill, county of Sligo, and province
of CoNNAUGHT, '- milcs (X. N. W.) from Boyle, and on
Lough Arrow; containing 1612 inhabitants. The family
of Mac Donogh, lords of Corran and Tirerril, founded
a convent here, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, for
nuns of the order of St. Dominick, in H^Z ; there are
still some ruins, on the northern shore of Lough Arrow.
The parish comprises 3S79| statute acres, consisting
principally of wet spongy land ; there is a large quan-
tity of bog, and limestone is quarried. Killadoon is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, forming part of the
union of Kilmactraney ; the rectory is impropriate in
Colonel Perceval, and the tithe rent-charge is £29,
which is equally divided between the impropriator and
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is part of the district of Geeragh, or Kilmactraney.
KILLADREENY, or Killadreenan, an ancient
chapelry, forming part of the parish of Newcastle,
union of Rathdrum, county of Wicklow, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 1 mile (S. by E.) from Newtowu-
Mount-Kennedy, and on the road from Dublin to Wex-
ford : the population is returned with the parish. It
contains 547 statute acres, under an improving system
of agriculture : the seats are Mount John and Killa-
dreenan. The chapelry is in the diocese of Dublin and
Glendalough, and is annexed to the rectory of New-
castle : the ruins of the ancient chapel stand in the
centre of a burial-ground, which is inclosed and is still
used as a place of interment for the Byrnes, Tooles, and
other ancient Roman Catholic families. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the chapelry forms part of the district
of Kilquade.
KILLAG, a parish, in the barony of Bargy, union
and county of Wexford, and province of Leinster,
11 miles (S. W.byS.) from Wexford; containing 356
inhabitants. This parish, which occupies a peninsular
situation on the shores of the lough formed by the
burrow of Bally teigue, comprises 1953 statute acres,
alniost wholly under tillage ; the system of agriculture
IS improving, and sea-weed collected in the^lough is
used for manure. The small island of Inch, situated in
the Ijugh, belongs to this parish. Here is Richfield,
the seat of Sir F. II. Loftus, Bart., and one of the ori-
ginal English settlements : it was long the property of
the Devcrtux family, and appears to have been a place
of some strength ; the moat still remains tolerably per-
fect, and in the vicinity was a t(nvn called by the settlers
Villa Magor, now corrupted iuto Ballymagor, the name
of the entire townland. The parish is a rectory, in the
diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union of Mulran-
kin; the tithe rent-charge is £94. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions Killag is part of the district of Rathan-
gan. The ruins of the old church are yet to be seen,
but there exist no vestiges of the ancient town.
KILLAGAN, a parish, partly in the barony of Upper
DuNLUCE, but chiefly in that of Kilconway, union of
Ballymoney, county of Antrim, and province of Ul-
ster, 8 miles (S. E.) from Ballymoney, on the road to
Belfast, and also on that from Ballymena to Ballycastle;
containing 1404 inhabitants. This parish comprises
3838 statute acres, of which 1406 are in the barony of
Upper Dunluce, and 2432 in that of Kilconway : it is
in a good state of cultivation, considerable improvement
having been made in the system of agriculture. A large
expanse of water, called Mount-Hamilton Lough, is
about to be drained, and the land brought into profit-
able cultivation. In the village of Clogh-Mills are some
flax and corn mills, and the weaving of linen is carried
on by many of the inhabitants of the parish in their
own houses. Killagan is a rectory, in the diocese of
Connor, forming part of the union and corps of the
prebend of Connor in the cathedral of St. Saviour ; the
tithe rent-charge is £86. 5. About 50 children are
taught in a public school. On a gentle eminence, near
the centre of the parish, are some remains of Mount
Hamilton Castle, in front of which is the lake before
mentioned. There is also a large circular earthwork,
called Mount Hamilton Fort, in which Pictish coins,
military weapons, arrow-heads of flint, and other relics
of antiquity, have been discovered ; and in a bog was
found, in 1831, a firkin of butter in a fossilised state.
KILLAGH, KiLLAUGH, or Killeagh, also called
MoYMENE, a parish, in the union of Oldcastle, barony
of Demifore, county of Meath, and province of Lein-
ster, 2| miles (W.) from Oldcastle; containing 2231
inhabitants. It is situated on Lough Shillin, and com-
prises 8094f statute acres, chiefly land of light quality,
and including about 160 acres of bog and 50 of planta-
tions. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath,
and in the patronage of the Crown ; the tithe rent-
charge is £152. 6. The church is a neat edifice, built
by aid of a gift of £500 in 1800 from the late Board of
First Fruits, which in 1814 gave £450, and lent £50,
for the erection of the glebe-house ; the glebe comprises
20 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is the head of a district, comprising also Kilbride, and
containing a chapel at Moat, in this parish, and one at
Dalysbridge, in Kilbride.
KILLAGH, a parish, in the union of Tullamore,
barony of Delvin, county of Westmeath, and province
of Leinster, 2f miles (S.) from Castletovvn-Delvin, on
the road from that place to MuUingar ; containing 304
inhabitants. It comprises 2OIO5 statute acres, and is
principally in tillage ; there is plenty of limestone. Kil-
lagh is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, forming part
of the union of Kilcumney ; the tithe rent-charge is
£30, and there is a glebe of 18 acres, valued at £20 per
annum. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Castletown-Delvin. Here
are the ruins of a church.
KILLAGHIN, or Killahen, a parish, in the union
ofTRALEE, barony of Clanmaurice, county of Kerry,
and province of Munster, 5| miles (N.) from Tralee,
K I L— L A
and on the road from Abbeydorney to Cashen-ferry ;
containing 1876 inhabitants. It comprises 4545 statute
acres, of which about one-fourth consists of mountain
and bog, and the remainder of arable land of variable
quality. The principal residence is Fort William, be-
longing to the representatives of the late W. CoUis, Esq.
The parish is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe :
the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Cork, and the
vicarage forms part of the union of Kilflyii or Balliua-
courty ; the tithe rent-charge is £94. 10., of which
two-thirds are payable to the impropriator, and the
remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions Killaghin forms part of the district of Abbey-
dorney. The ruins of the old church still remain ; and
about a mile to the west are those of Ballymaquin
Castle.
KILLAGHTEE, a parish, in the barony of Ban-
NAGH, union and county of Donegal, and province of
Ulster, 3 miles (E.) from Killybegs, and on the north-
west coast ; containing, with the village of Dunkanely,
5805 inhabitants. It comprises, with a detached por-
tion, 13,368 statute acres, about half of which is moun-
tain land : there is a great quantity of bog ; also much
coarse limestone and freestone, used for building.
Within the parish is St. John's Point, on which is a
lighthouse, in lat. 54° 33' 15" and Ion. S° 26', with a
bright fi.ved light, 104 feet above the level of the sea at
high water, and visible fourteen nautical miles. Inver
bay commences at this point, and extends eastward to
Devrin Point, while westward is Mac Swine's bay :
many of the inhabitants are employed in fishing, and
on the 12th of Feb., 1814, twenty fishing-boats and
forty-three men were lost in a squall. The living is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe, and in
the patronage of the Bishop: the tithe rent-charge is
£195. The church is a neat building, erected in 182",
at a cost of £1000, being a loan from the late Board of
First Fruits. There is a neat glebe-house, with a glebe
of 472 acres, which contains a strong sulphureous spa.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Killybegs j a large chapel was lately
built ; and there is a place of worship for Wesleyan
Methodists at Dunkanely. One of several public schools
is aided by donations from Robertson's fund. — See Dcn-
KAXELY.
KILLAGHTON, or Killalaghton, a parish, partly
in the barony of Clonmacnoon, but chiefly in that of
Kilconnell, union of Ballinasloe, county of Gal-
way, and province of Connaught, 5| miles (S. W.)
from Ballinasloe, near the road from that place to
Loughrea; containing 2757 inhabitants. This parish
comprises I l,779i statute acres, about one-third of
which is arable. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Clonfert, forming part of the union of Aughrim : the
rectory is partly appropriate to the see and partly to
the vicarage, and the tithe rent-charge is £138. 15., of
which £26. 5. are now payable to the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners, and the remainder to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the dis-
trict of Kilrickill, and has a chapel.
KILLAGHY, a parish, in the barony of Craxagh,
union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Lein-
STER, 3 miles (S. \v.) from Freshford ; containing 353
inhabitants. This parish comprises 1584^ statute acres :
it is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, entirely impro-
85
K I L— L A
priate in J. Butler Stopford, Esq. ; and the tithe rent-
charge is £78. 15. An abbey is supposed to have been
founded here in 548 ; and near the old church are some
remains of the house or castle of Killaghy, belonging to
a branch of the Grace family.
KILLAGIIY, King's county. — See Killaughev.
KILLAHA, a parish, in the union of Killarney,
barony of Magoiiiny, county of Kerry, and province
of Munster, 5 miles (S. E. byE.) from Killarney, on
the road from that place to Macroom ; containing 2660
inhabitants. It comprises 35,260 statute acres, and is
situated on the river Flesk ; a wild glen here, called
Glenflesk, is richly wooded, with large rocks projecting
from its sides, and is much visited by lovers of romantic
scenery. Filadowne, the most picturesque part of the
glen, is said to have been the retreat of a celebrated
outlaw named Owen, and a table rock which is situated
midway on the declivity, and inaccessible without a
ladder, is still called Labig Oucii, or " Owen's Bed."
The retired lake called Lough Guttane or Kittane,
nearly si.x miles in circumference, lies in a hollow
formed by the rocky and precipitous sides of the moun-
tains of Mangerton and Crohane, between which also
extends the rugged glen of Kippoch ; the lake dis-
charges its superfluous waters by a small river which
runs into the Flesk, and affords great attraction to
anglers by the excellence and abundance of its trout.
Slate-quarries are worked at Filadowne and Annamore.
There is a constabulary police station. The chief seats
are Killaha, Brewsterfield, and Corriglass. The parish
is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe ; the rectory
is impropriate, and the vicarage forms part of the union
of Kilgarvan ; the tithe rent-charge is £165, of which
£67. 10. arc payable to the Earl of Donoughmore,
£7. 10. to H. A. Herbert, Esq., and £90 to the \icar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Killaha forms part of
the union or district of Glenflesk, which also includes
that part of Aghadoe eastward from Killarney, and has
a chapel at Rushecn and another at Barraduff. Near
the upper entrance to the glen, standing conspicuously
on an eminence, are the ruins of Killaha Castle, for-
merly the residence of the ODonoghues of the Glens ;
and at a short distance are the ivy- clad remains of the
old church.
KILLAIIINNY.— See Killeheny.
KILLAHURLER, or Kilmaix, a parish, in the
union of Rathdrlm, barony of Arklow, county of
WiCKLow, and province of Leinster, 4^ miles (\v.)
from Arklow ; containing 705 inhabitants. It com-
prises 3735f statute acres ; and within its limits is the
greater part of the district from which gold was obtained
at the end of the last century, and which is described
in the article on Arklow. The parish is a curacy, in
the diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, forming part of
the ecclesiastical union of Arklow ; the rectory is appro-
priate to the deanery of Christ Church, Dublin, and
the tithe rent-charge is £62. 6., of which £41. 10. 8.
are payable to the dean, and £20. 15. 4. to the curate.
In the Roman Catholic divisions also Killahurler forms
part of the union or district of Arklow. Here is an old
burial-ground.
KILLAHY, a parish, in the union of Waterford,
barony of Knocktoi'Her, county of Kilkenny, and
province of Leinster, 6 miles (S.) from Knocktophcr,
and on the road from Waterford to Kilkenny ; contain-
K I L— L A
lag 792 mhabitants, and comprising 2803| statute acres.
It is a vicarage, iu the diocese of Ossory, forming part
of the union of Kilbeacon, or Rosinan ; the rectory is
impropriate in the family of Fitzpatrick, and the tithe
rent-charge is il-^S. 5., of which two-thirds are payable
to the impropriator, and one-third to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
union of MuUinavat.
KILLAHY, near Freshford.— See Killaghy.
KILLALA, a sea-port, market, and post town, a
parish, and the seat of a diocese, in the union of Bal-
LiXA, barony of Tyrav\ley, county of Mayo, and pro-
vince of CoxNAi-GHT, 22 miles (N.) from Castlebar, and
I3I5 (N. \V.) from Dublin, on the road from Ballina to
Ballycastle; containing 3253 inhabitants, of whom 1446
are in the town. During the disturbances of 179S,
General Humbert, with two frigates of 44 and one of
3S guns, having on board 70 officers and 1030 men,
sailed from Rochelle on the 4th of August, to make a
descent on the county of Donegal ; but being frustrated
in that attempt by contrary winds, landed his forces
in Kilcummin bay on the 22nd of the same month.
The garrison, at that time consisting of only 50 men,
fled, after a vain attempt to oppose the entrance of the
French vanguard, and several of them were taken
prisoners. The French forces were joined by many of
the peasantry, and after they had taken Ballina greater
numbers flocked to their standard, to receive the arms
and uniforms which had been sent from France for their
equipment.
The TOWN is situated on the bay of the same name,
and on the west bank of the river Moy ; it contains 287
houses, of which those in the principal street are well
built. The manufacture of coarse linen is carried on
to a small extent, but the principal trade is the exporta-
tion of grain, of which the annual average from ISIO
to 1820 was 5000 tons, chiefly oats and barley; the
value of the imports, consisting of planks, iron, tar,
slates, flax-seed, herrings, and sugar, was about £5000.
The trade was on the increase from 1820 till 1825 ; but,
from the improvements of the port of BuUina, what
formerly came into this port for the supply of that town
is conveyed thither direct by the river Moy ; and from
1830 to 1835 the average exports from Killala did not
exceed 3500 tons, nor the value of the imports £4000
per annum. A considerable 6shery is carried on, in
which more than 300 persons are occasionally engaged,
and for which this is a very good station ; large quan-
tities of sea-manure, also, are landed : the pier is very
old, but has been recently repaired. The entrance to
the bay is between Kilcummin Head and Keuuishar-
rock Point. On the western side of the bay, off the
point of Ross, are the Carrigphadric rocks, between
which and the main land is a shoal dry at low water ;
and on the eastern side, about two miles from Ken-
nisharrock Point, is a creek called PuUogheeny, where
small vessels load kelp and other commodities during
the summer. The harbour affords good and safe an-
chorage for vessels drawing eight or nine feet of water,
and vessels drawing 12 feet may get to the anchorage
about high water. A constabulary police force is sta-
tioned in the town ; and it is the head of a coast-
guard district, comprising the stations of Dunkeehan,
Port Terlin, Belderig, Ballycastle, Lacken, Kilcummin,
and Ross. In the excise arrangements the town is
86
K I L— L A
within the district of Foxford. The market is on
Saturday, and fairs are held on May 6th, Aug. 17th,
and No; &th Petty sessions are held every Friday,
and a manorial court occasionally.
The See of Killala ap-
pears to have been founded
between the years 434 and
441, by St. Patrick; who,
during that period, was pro-
pagating the faith of Chris-
tianity in the province of Con-
naught, and built a church
at this place, called Kill-
Aladh, over which he placed
one of his disciples, St. Miire-
il(nli, as bishop. Of Mure-
dach s successors, who by
early writers are called bishops of Tiramalgaid (from
the surrounding territory, now the barony of Tyrawley),
and also bishops of 0-Fiacra-Mui (from a district of
that name extending along the river Moy), very little
is recorded till after the arrival of the English in Ire-
land ; among the few names that occur within that
period is that of Kellach, the son of Doghan, or, accord-
ing to some writers, of Owen Beol, King of Connaught.
At the instance of Donat O'Beoda, who was bishop in
1198, Pope Innocent III. confirmed all the ancient
possessions of the see; and in 1255 a bishop of Killala,
whose name is not given, accompanied the archbishop
of Tuam into England, to petition the king for the
redress of certain grievances to which the clergy were
then exposed. Robert of H'ater/ord, who succeeded in
1350, was fined 100 marks for neglecting to attend a
parliament assembled at Castledermot, in 1377, to
which be had been summoned. Owen O'Connor, Dean
of Achonry, was advanced to the see by Queen Eliza-
beth in 1591, and was allowed to hold his deanery
with the bishopric ; his successor, Miler jMagragh, was
permitted to hold also the see of Achonry in commen-
dam. Archibald Hamilton, w^ho succeeded in 1623, ob-
tained from James I. a commendatory grant of the see
of Achonry ; and his successor, Archibald Adair, was, in
1630, consecrated bishop of Killala and Achonry, which
two sees appear from that time to have been united.
Thomas Oticaij, who succeeded to the united sees in
1670, rebuilt the cathedral from the foundation. The
sees continued to be held together till the death of the
last bishop. Dr. James I'erschoyle, in 1833, when, under
the provisions of the Church Temporalities' act of the
3rd and 4th of William IV., they became annexed to
the see of Tuam.
The diocese of Killala is one of the sixteen that con-
stitute the ecclesiastical province of Armagh, and com-
prehends part of the county of Sligo, and a very con-
siderable portion of that of Mayo ; it is 45 miles in
length, and 21 in breadth, comprising an estimated
superficies of 314,300 acres, of which 43,100 are in
Sligo, and 271,200 in Mayo. The lands belonging to
the see comprise 33, 6685 statute acres, of which 10,176|
are profitable land ; and the gross annual revenue, on
an average of three years ending Dec. 31st, 1831,
amounted to £2600. 11.: this income, together with
the revenue of the see of Achonry, since the death of
the ■ last bishop, is, by the provisions of the Church
Temporalities' act, vested in the Ecclesiastical Com-
K I L— L A
K I L— L A
missioners. In 1844 the commissioners received £5641
as the revenue of Killula and Achonry. The cha])ter
of Killala consists of a dean, precentor, archdeacon,
and the fi\e prebendaries of Killanly, Errew, Ardagh,
Lackan, and Rosserkbeg : there are neither minor
canons nor vicars-choral belonging to the cathedral, nor
is there any economy fund. The number of parishes
in the diocese is 27, comprised in 13 benefices, of which
seven are unions of two or more parishes, and six single
parishes ; with the exception of the deanery, which is
in the gift of the Crown, all are in the patronage of the
Bishop. The number of churches is 13, and there are
two other places where divine service is performed ; the
number of glebe-houses is 11. The cathedral, which is
also the i)arish church, is an ancient structure with a
spire; it was repaired in 1817, the late Board of First
Fruits granting a loan of £106 1. 10. 9- ; and the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners recently granted £600 for its
further repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions this
diocese is a separate bishopric, and one of the six
suffragan to Tuam ; it comprises 23 parochial bene-
fices or unions, containing 30 chapels, which are served
by 33 clergymen, '23 of whom are parish priests and
10 coadjutors or curates. The parochial benefice of
the bishop is Killala ; the cathedral is at Ardnaree,
near Ballina, and contiguous to it is the bishop's resi-
dence.
The PARISH includes the island of Bartra, or Bartrach,
and is generally in a good state of cultivation ; the soil
is very fertile, and the lands are divided in nearly equal
portions between pasture and tillage, except the waste
land and a large tract of bog. The total area is 5634
statute acres. The surrounding country is rather bleak,
especially towards the north, but the scenery is en-
livened by several gentlemen's seats, the principal of
which are the Castle, formerly the episcopal palace ;
the Lodge ; Ross ; Castlerea ; Farm Hill ; and Sum-
mer Hill. The living is a rectory and vicarage, consti-
tuting the corps of the deanery of Killala, and in the
patronage of the Crown : the tithe rent-charge is £116.
The lands belonging to the deanery adjoin the town,
and comprise 108 acres ; and the dean, in right of his
dignity, has the rectorial tithe of the parishes of Bally-
sakeery, Rafran, Dunfeeny, Kilbreedy, Lacken, Kilcum-
min, and Templemnrry : the entire revenue of the
deanery, including the lands, before the passing of the
Rent-charge act was £77-. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
also the parish of Templemurry ; the chapel is a neat
slated edifice. There is a place of worship for Wes-
leyan Methodists. The parochial school is supported
by the trustees of Erasmus Smith's fund, who allow
the master £30 per annum, with a house and one acre
of land rent-free. In the town is a dispensary for the
poor of the neighbourhood.
On an eminence in Killala is an ancient round tower,
about S3 feet high, the walls of which are of great
strength and nearly perfect. About a mile to the
south-east of the town, at the mouth of the river Moy,
are the remains of a friary of Franciscans of the Strict
Observance, founded in 1460 by Mac William Bourke,
or, according to some writers, by Thomas Oge Bourke.
Several provincial chapters of the order were held
here, and the establishment continued to flourish till the
Dissolution, after which it was granted to Edmund
87
Barrett. The remains consist of the church, and some
extensive portions of the conventual buildings : the
church is a cruciform structure, 135 feet in length, and
from the centre rises a lofty tower, supported on f<jur
noble arches leading from the nave into the choir and
transepts. At Castlereagh, on the banks of the river
Rathfran, about two miles from the sea, are the vestiges
of a castle of great strength, which has been levelled
with the ground : about a mile to the west is Carricka-
nass Castle, 35 feet square, and 45 feet high, built by
the family of Bourke, and surrounded with a low
strong bawn ; and there are also several forts in the
parish.
KILLAL.\GHTON.— See Killaghton.
KILLALDIUFF, a parish, in the barony of Clan-
wiLLiAM, union and county of Tipperary, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 4 miles (N. W.) from Cahir, on the
road from that place to Tipperary ; containing, with
the chapelry of Clonfinglass, 2182 inhabitants. It com-
prises 5624 statute acres, and there are 650 acres in
Clonfinglass: about 1500 arc mountain land, and a
considerable quantity bog ; the land is, however, gene-
rally good and well cultivated, and there is plenty of
limestone and building-stone. The rivers Arra anil
Aherlow run through the parish ; the latter joins the
Suir at Ballydruid. Killaldriff is a constabulary po-
lice station. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of
Cashel, forming the corps of the prebend of Killaldry,
or Killaldriff, in the cathedral of Cashel, and in the
patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£202. 10., and there is a glebe of 20 acres. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the dis-
trict of Galbally, and has a neat chapel. There are
some remains of caslles at Cappagh and Kilmoyler-
raore ; the ruin of a small church or chapel at Clon-
finglass ; and the remains of the old church of Killal-
driff.
KILLALIATHAN, a parish, in the union of New-
castle, barony of GLENauiN, county of Limerick,
and province of Mcnster, 7 miles (S. S. E.) from New-
castle, on the road from that place to Charleville ; con-
taining 1903 inhabitants. It comprises 4847 statute
acres." The lower part of the parish is tolerably fertile;
about 2000 acres are under tillage, about 800 in mea-
dow and pasture, and the remainder is bog and moun-
tain land. The mountains contain coal, which is
worked at Banmore ; and limestone, of which an ex-
cellent quarry is worked near Broadford : ironstone is
also abundant. The principal seats are Banmore and
Springfield Castle : this castle, with the surrounding
manor, formerly belonged to the Fitzgeralds, lords of
Glenlis, and, on its forfeiture in the Desmond rebellion,
was, in 1591, granted to Sir 'U'. Courtney. The living
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, and in the
patronage of Lord Muskerry ; the rectory is impro-
priate in the Sullivan family : the tithe rent-charge is
£90, two-thirds of which are payable to the impropria-
tors, and the remainder to the vicar, whose income is
increased by an augmentation from Primate Boulter's
fund. The church, erected in 1812 by aid of a grant
of £700 from the Board of First Fruits, was lately re-
built by aid of a grant of £493. 16. from the Ecclesias-
tical Commissioners. There is neither glebe-house nor
glebe. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish
forms part of the district of Dromcolloher, and has a
K I L— L A
K I L— L A
chapel at Broadford. Near Banmore are the remains
of an ancient church ; and the ruins of Gurtnetubber
Castle, which was strongly garrisoned for James II., and
afterwards dismantled, are situated not very far from
Springfield.
KILLALLON, a parish, in the xmion of Oldcastle,
barony of Demifore, county of Me.\th, and province
of Leinster, 2 miles (P. S. \V.) from Crossakeel, and
on the road from Oldcastle to Athboy ; containing 18.53
inhabitants. It comprises '614 statute acres, about
two-thirds of which are in tillage; the land is light, but
all of it can be cultivated. The living is a rectory, in
the diocese of Mealh, united in 17H2 to the vicarage of
Killua, and in the patronage of the Bishop and the
Marquess of Drogheda : the tithe rent-charge of Kil-
lallon is £'24'2. 6., and of the whole benefice £275. 16.
The church of the union is at Clonmellon, in Killua ;
it was built about 60 years since. Sir B. Chapman,
Bart., contributing largely. The glebe-house is in this
parish, and was built in 1812, by aid of a gift of £100
and a loan of £750 from the late Board of First Fruits ;
the glebe comprises 36 acres, valued at £54 per annum,
but subject to a rent of £11, payable to the Earl of
Fingall. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Clonmellon, and has a plain
chapel.
KILLALOAN. — See Killoloan, in the counties of
Waterford and Tipperary.
KILLALOE, a post-town and parish, and the seat
of a diocese, in the barony of Tulla Lower, union of
ScARiFF, county of Clare, and province of Munster,
20 miles (E. by S.) from Ennis, and 87 (S. W. by W.)
from Dublin, on the road from Scariff to Nenagh ; con-
taining 4957 inhabitants, of whom 2009 are in the
town. This place, anciently called Laonia, derived its
present name, supposed to be a corruption of Kil-da-
Lua, from the foundation of an abbey in the 6th cen-
tury by St. Lua or Molua, grandson of Eocha Baildearg,
King of Munster, which abbey became the head of a
diocese. Turlogh O'Brien, in 1054, built a bridge
across the Shannon at this place, which had grown into
some importance, though little of its previous history is
related; and, in 1061, Hugh O'Connor destroyed the
castle that had been erected here, and burned the town,
which was again reduced to ashes in 1080 and 1084, by
the people of Conmacne. In II77, Raymond le Gros,
after his triumphant entry into Limerick, came to this
place, where he received the hostages of Roderic, King
of Connaught, and O'Brien, Prince of Thomond, who
took the oath of fealty to the King of England. On
Richard de Clare's procuring a grant of certain lands in
the county of Clare, this town, as containing the only
ford over the Shannon, obtained for some time the ap-
pellation of Claresford. In 136/, after the recall to
England of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, chief governor of
Ireland, who had acquired considerable tracts of terri-
tory around the town, Murrogh-na-Ranagh, one of the
O Briens, made himself master of all the coimtry be-
yond the Shannon, and destroyed this town and several
others belonging to the Enghsh. General Sarsfield, in
1681, i)osted a strong party at this place, to defend
the passage of the river; but the party having aban-
doned their post, the English advanced into the western
provmces. In I69I the same general, at the head of
a select body of cavalry, passed the river, and destroyed
a convoy of ammunition on its way to William III.,
then at Limerick.
The TOWN is pleasantly situated on a rising ground
on the western bank of the Shannon, near the noted
falls of Killaloe, and about a mile from Lough Derg ;
and is connected with the county of Tipperary by an
ancient bridge of nineteen arches. It consists of one
square, with a principal and several smaller streets, and
contains about 300 houses. There is a small infantry
barrack. A flourishing trade in stuffs, camlets, and
serges was formerly carried on, and two well-supplied
markets were held weekly ; but both the manufacture
and the narkets have been discontinued. Above and
below the bridge are numerous eel-weirs, which pro-
duce a strong current in the river ; and there is also a
salmon-fishery. In the vicinity are some very extensive
slate-quarries, from which, on an average, about 8000
tons are annually raised for the supply of the surround-
ing country to a great distance. A mill, with ma-
chinery driven by water, has been erected at an expense
of £6000, for cutting and polishing stone and marble,
and working them into mantel- pieces, flags, slabs, and
other articles, in which about 100 men are employed,
for whose residence near the works there are some
handsome slated cottages. A spirit of cheerful industry
and of enterprise seems to promise much for the in-
creasing prosperity of the town. Close to the mill is a
yard for boat-building, belonging to the Shannon
Steam-Navigation Company, whose head-quarters are
at this place and who have established a regular com-
munication by steam-packets, for goods and passengers,
up the Shannon, through Lough Derg to Portumna,
Athlone, and Banagher, and from Banagher by canal-
boats to Dublin. The company afford employment to
a great number of persons in the construction and
repair of docks and warehouses. About a quarter of a
mile from the village of O'Brien's-Bridge is the pier-
head, where the steam-boats transfer their cargoes and
passengers to a packet-boat, which is towed at a rapid
rate to Limerick, between which place and Dublin boats
ply daily ; the trip to Portumna and ■Williamstown is
beautifully picturesque. Below the bridge the naviga-
tion of the Shannon is interrupted by a ridge of rocks,
over which the water rushes with great noise ; and the
appearance of the town at this place, with the waters
of Lough Derg in the distance, and the venerable ca-
thedral rising above the bridge and backed by a fine
mountain range, is strikingly romantic. To remedy
this obstruction of the navigation, the Board of Inland
Navigation constructed a canal through the bishop's
demesne, avoiding the rocks, and joining the river
beyond the falls ; it also erected an hotel, called the
Ponsonby Arms, for the accommodation of families
visiting Lough Derg and its neighbourhood. The lake
is about thirty miles in length, and abounds with beau-
tiful and interesting scenery, more especially in that
part which is near the town ; the shores are embellished
■with several handsome mansions, embosomed in luxu-
riant woods and plantations, and with several ancient and
venerable castles. Pike, perch, trout, and various other
fish are taken in abundance ; among them is found the
Gallaroo trout. Fairs are held on April 5th, May 24th,
Sept. 3rd, and Oct. 20th ; and petty-sessions once a fort-
night. A constabulary police force is stationed in the
town.
K I L— L A
K I I^L A
The Sek of KiLLALOK was ^
originally founiled about 639, ^^:>^— **'
by Pope John IV., who con- "
secratcd St. Flannan, suc-
cessor to St. Lua, first bishop :
Theodorick, King of Munstor
and father of St. Flannan, '^^
endowed the sec with many
estates, and was interred
in the abbey. Moriertach,
King of Ireland, and Donald
O'Brien, King of Limerick,
were also betiefactors ; and
the former was interred here with great pomp in 1 120.
The church early became a favourite place of resort for
pilgrims, and among numerous others was Connor Mac
Dermod O'Brien, King of Thomond and Desmond, who
died here on a pilgrimage in 1 14'2. The cathedral was
erected by Donald, King of Limerick, in 1160. About
the close of the twelfth century the ancient bishopric of
Roscrea was permanently united to this see, with a
portion of that of Iniscathay : in 175'2 the see of Kil-
fcnora, which had been founded by St. Fachnan, was
also united to it ; and the dioceses have, since that
period, been always held together.
Killaloe is one of the sixteen dioceses that constitute
the ecclesiastical province of Dublin, and comprehends
parts of the Queen's county. Limerick, Galway, and
King's county, with a large portion of the county of
Tipperary, and the greater part of Clare. It extends
about 100 miles in length, varying from 9 to 32 in
breadth ; and comprises an estimated superficies of
628, .500 acres, of which 3200 are in Queen's county,
ri300 in Limerick, 8S00 in Galway, 50,000 in King's
county, 134,500 in Tipperary, and 426,700 in Clare.
The lands belonging to the see comprise 7528 statute
acres, of which 6795 are profitable land ; and the gross
revenue, on an average of three years ending Dec. 31st,
1831, amounted to £4532. 9. Since that time the dio-
ceses of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh, having become
vacant, have been, under the Church Temporalities' act
of the 3rd of William IV., united to the see of Killaloe,
and their temporalities vested in the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners. The chapter of Killaloe consists of a dean,
precentor, chancellor, treasurer, and archdeacon ; there
are also seven prebendaries, who have no voice in the
chapter, viz., those of Tomgranna, Lackcen, Clondegad,
Dysert, Tulla, Inniscattery, and Rath. The consistorial
court consists of a vicar-general, registrar, and proctor ;
the registrar is keeper of the records, the earliest of
which are only of the date 166S, the old registry having
been burnt during the parliamentary war. The total
number of parishes in the diocese is 108, of which 89
are comprised in 41 unions, and 19 are single benefices;
one benefice is in the patronage of the crown, 11 in lay
patronage, and 38 in that of the bishop. The number
of churches is 56, and there are five other places in
which divine service is performed ; the number of
glebe-houses is 39. The cathedral, which also serves
for the parish church, is an ancient cruciform structure,
with a square central tower ; it is about 200 feet in
length, with a fine east window, and the west front has
an imposing appearance ; the prevailing character is the
Norman style. Near the cathedral is a building called
the Oratory of St. Molua, one of the most ancient eccle-
VoL. II.— 89
siastical edifices in the country, being apparently of the
7th century ; it was roofed with stone, but is now in
ruins. The economy fund of the cathedral, in lH;i7,
amounted to £602. 10. 5. per annum. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the diocese of Kilfenora is held with
Kilmacduagh ; the diocese of Killaloe is co-extensive
with that of the Established Church, and is an inde-
pendent bishopric. The number of benefices, or unions,
in Killaloe, is 49, and of chapels 111, which are served
by 123 clergymen, of whom 49 are parish priests, and
74 coadjutors or curates.
The PARISH comprises 10,707^ statute acres, and is
generally under profitable cultivation ; the surrounding
scenery, as already observed, is beautifully diversified,
and in many parts truly picturesque. Near the town,
on the west bank of the Shannon, is Clarrisford House,
the episcopal palace, finely situated in a highly im-
proved demesne, near the only ford across the river
into this county from that of 'I'ipperary ; the mansion
is handsome and of modern appearance, and, though
small, forms a pleasant residence. There are several
other gentlemen's seats, most of which command views
of the lake and the beautiful scenery along its shores :
the principal are, Ballyvalley, from which is a fine view
of the town and bridge, with the falls on the river ;
Tinerana ; Ryhinch ; Derry Castle ; Castle Lough ;
Youghall ; and Ogonilloe. The living is a perpetual
curacy, in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter ; the
rectory is appropriate to the economy fund of the
cathedral : the tithe rent-charge is £276. 18. 6., of
which £221. 10. are payable to the economy fund, and
the remainder to the bishop, as mensal tithes ; the sti-
pend of the curate is £60 per annum, paid out of the
economy fund. The glebe-house was erected in 1824,
by aid of £500 and a loan of £50 from the Board of
First Fruits ; the glebe comi>rises 4 acres. The Roman
Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church ; there are four chapels, also a place of
worship for Presbyterians. Near the town is a rath,
where was formerly the castle or palace of Brien
Boroihrae, monarch of all Ireland : this fort, called
Ceanchora or Kinkora, was destroyed by Domohall Mac
Adgail, Prince of Tyrconnell, during the absence of
INIurtogh, grandson of Brien ; the site has been levelled
and planted, and few vestiges of the original building
can be traced.
KILLALOE, or Grangooly, a parish, partly in the
barony of Callan, partly in that of Cranagh, but
chiefly in the barony of Shillelogher, union of Cal-
lan, county of Kilkenny, and pro\ince of Leinster,
2 miles (.\.) from Callan, and on the road from Kil-
kenny to Ballingarry ; containing 1424 inhabitants.
This parish comprises 5434 statute acres, and contains
the seat of Rossmore. It is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the union of
Callan : the tithe rent-charge is £280. 17. 6. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the dis-
trict of Bally callan. About 160 children are educated
in a public school, to which the Countess of Desart and
the Rev. Mr. Morris contribute £15 annually; there is
also a Sunday school ; and a fever hospital is supported
by the earl, for the benefit of his tenants.
KILL.VLTON.— See Teltown.
KILL.VMERY, a parish, in the union of Callan,
barony of Kells, county of Kilkenny, and province of
N
K I L— L A
Leinster, i miles (S. by W.) from Callau, on the road
from that place to Carrick-on-Suir ; containing 1965
inhabitants. It comprises 6525 statute acres. At Gar-
ryricken, which is the property of the Marquess of
Ormonde, are «ome very fine plantations. The parish
is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, forming the corps
of the prebend of Killamery, in the gift of the Bishop ;
the tithe rent-charge is £210. The church is a plain
structure, erected in 1815, by aid of a gift of £900 from
the late Board of First Fruits, and recently repaired by
a grant of £125 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
The glebe-house was erected by aid of a gift of £300,
and a loan of £900, from the late Board, in IS 18 ; the
glebe comprises 3^ acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisicms the parish is the head of a district, comprising
also the parish of TuUohaught, and containing a chapel
at Wiudgap. A parochial school is aided by the rector ;
and at Garryrickeu is a public school, the house for
which was built by the late Marquess of Ormonde : in
these schools are about 70 children, and about 100
children are taught in a private school. A monastery
of 1000 monks is said to have anciently existed here.
At Rossamery are the ruins of a small church.
KILLAN, or Kill.^inne, a parish, in the union of
Enniscorthy, barony of Bantry, county of Wexford,
and province of Leinster, 6 miles (W. by N.) from
Enniscorthy, and on the high road from New Ross to
Newtownbarry ; containing 3193 inhabitants. This
parish comprises 11,424 statute acres; the lands are
principally under tillage, the soil is light, and the system
of agriculture improving. There is no waste land, ex-
cept on the higher part of the mountain of Blackstairs,
which bounds the parish on the west, separating the
counties of Wexford and Carlow, and is cultivated to a
considerable height from its base. Some commons ex-
tending over the higher parts of Blackstairs and White
Mountain, in this parish and that of Templeudigau, were
for a series of years considered to belong to the tenantry
of the adjoining lands ; but about 1633, Mr. Kavanagh,
of Borris, disputing their right, inclosed a great portion
of the district, and built substantial houses in it : this
led to a protracted lawsuit, which was finally terminated
at the assizes of Wexford in July, 1S44, by a verdict
against Mr. Kavanagh, establishing the right of the
tenantry to the commonage : the inclosures and build-
ings have since been thrown down. At Woodbrook is
a slate-quarry, which has been worked occasionally for
private purposes. Lime for manure is drawn from
kilns at Gores-bridge, in the county of Kilkenny, a
distance of 13 Irish miles; also from kilns at Ballyane,
near New Ross, distant nine miles. The principal seats
are the Grange and Woodbrook. The living is a rec-
tory, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of
the Bishop; the tithe rent-charge is £35*. 18. The
church, a handsome edifice in the early English style,
with some later details, was erected in 1832, at an ex-
pense of £1270, towards which a loan of £1200 was
granted by the late Board of First Fruits ; the Ecclesi-
astical Commissioners recently granted £116 for its
repair. The late Board also gave £100 towards the
erection of the glebe-house, an elegant modern villa,
pleasantly situated in a plantation of beech and fir'
and commanding a fine view of the White and Black'
stairs mountains : the glebe comprises 37 acres. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
K I L— L A
the district of Templeudigan, or Killegney ; the chapel,
at Grange, is a plain edifice. About 120 children are
taught in the parochial schools, which are supported by
subscription ; the school-house and an acre of land
were given by the late Mr. Blacker. Near the village
of Killan is a holy well, dedicated to St. Anne, from
whom the parish takes its name. There are several
Danish raths.
KILLAN. — See Shercock.
KILLANCOOLY, a parish, in the union of Gorey,
barony of Ballaghkeen, county of Wexford, and
province of Leinster, IO5 miles (S. by E.) from Gorey,
and on the old road through Oulart to Wexford ; con-
taining 1293 inhabitants. This parish, which is situ-
ated on the south-eastern coast, comprises about 4430
statute acres ; by far the greater part is under tillage,
and the remainder consists of fine grazing tracts. The
soil is in general loamy ; the system of agriculture is
improved, and butter and cheese are made in large
quantities. A herring-fishery is carried on at Tina-
bearny, where about seven boats and 50 men from this
and the adjoining parish of Kilnmckridge are engaged.
Wells House, the property of R. Doyne, Esq., was, for
nearly three years after the disturbances of 1798, occu-
pied as a barrack by the king's troops ; it has just been
rebuilt in the Elizabethan style by the proprietor, as a
residence, and will in future be called Wells Abbey.
The parish is in the diocese of Ferns : it is an impro-
priate curacy, partly forming a portion of the union of
Donaghmore, and partly annexed to the living of Kil-
nemanagh, by the act of the 4th of George IV. ; the
rectory is impropriate in H. K. G. Morgan, Esq. Kil-
lancooly is intersected by the parish of Kilmuckridge ;
the portion adjoining Kilnemanagh is annexed to that
parish for the performance of the clerical duties, and the
remainder to Donaghmore. The tithe rent-charge is
£142. 10., payable to the impropriator. There are some
remains of the church. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Litter.
KILLANE, orKiLLiANE, also called Killoebhain,
a parish, in the union of Ballinasloe, partly in the
barony of Loughrea, but chiefly in the barony of Kil-
connell, county of Galway, and province of Con-
naught, 9 miles (W. by S.) from Ballinasloe, and on
the road from Kilconnell to Ballymacward ; containing
1318 inhabitants. It comprises 7866 statute acres, and
contains Woodlawn, the seat of J. Trench, Esq., where
a mausoleum was erected by the late F. Trench, Esq.,
for his 21 children, for each of whom there is a separate
vault. Killane is a vicarage, in the diocese of Clonfert,
forming part of the union of Kilconnell ; the rectory is
appropriate to the see, the sacristan of Clonfert, the
vicars-choral of Christ Church, Dublin, and the vicarage.
The tithe rent-charge is £112. 11., of which £51. 5. are
payable to the incumbent. In the Roman Catholic di-
visions Killane is the head of a district, called New Inn,
which includes this parish and Bullane ; in each is a
chapel. About 150 children are educated in a public
school, to which Lord Ashtown contributes £26 per
annum.
KILLANEAR, or Kilnanare, a parish, in the
union of Killarney, barony of Magonihy, county of
Kerry, and province of Munster, 3 miles (E. N. E.)
from Milltown ; on the river Maine, and on the old post-
road from Tralee to Killarney ; containing 1745 inhabit-
K I L— L A
K I L— L A
ants. It comprises "iKSS statute acres: the land is in
general good, and chiefly in tillage ; limestone is used
for manure, and the state of agriculture is improving :
there are only a few patches of bog. At Clonmcllane
is a station of the constabulary police. The living, lately
suppressed, was a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfcrt and
Aghadoe, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rec-
tory forms part of the union and corps of the deanery.
The tithe rent-charge is £138. 10., payable in equal
portions to the dean and the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners : there is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the
Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the
district of Fieries. The ruins of the old church still
remain, in the burial-ground ; some ruins of Clonmel-
lane Castle stand near the river Maine.
KILLANEY, or Killkney, a parish, in the poor-
law union of Lisburn, barony of Upper Castlereagh,
county of Down, and province of Ulster, 2 miles (\V.
by S.) from Saintfield, on the road from that place to
Ballinahinrh ; containing 1^36 inhabitants. According
to the Ordnance survey, it comprises '2859 statute acres,
of which 685: are water ; the land is good, and under an
excellent system of cultivation, producing abundant
crops, but not of wheat. The living is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Down, and in the patronage of the Mar-
quess of Downshire, in whom the rectory is impro|)riate :
there is neither glebe-house nor glebe. The church was
greatly injured in 1641, and is now in ruins, but divine
service is regularly performed in the parochial school-
house : the late marquess, about four years since, offered
£150 and a plot of ground towards building a new
church. There is a Presbyterian meeting-house. The
parochial school is supported by the vicar and other
subscribers ; the school-house was erected principally
by the late marquess and the vicar. A Sunday school
is also maintained in the parish.
KILLANEY, a parish, in the union of Dundalk,
partly in the barony of Ardee, county of Louth, and
province of Leinster, but chiefly in the barony of
F.\RNEY, county of Monaghan, and province of Ulster,
1 mile (E. byS.) from Carrickmacross, on the road from
Carrick to Dundalk ; containing 4896 inhabitants, of
whom 1384 are in Louth. The rivers Clyde and Bally-
mackney flow through this parish ; and the Earl of
Essex had an interview, in 1599, at Essexford, near one
of those streams, with O'Nial, Earl of Tyrone. It com-
prises, according to the Ordnance survey (including
167|- acres in the detarhed townland of Essexford, and
106^ under water), 7l"i'i statute acres, of which 1939^
are in Louth, and 5188 in Monaghan; 5870 acres are
applotted under the Tithe act, and chiefly in tillage, and
500 acres consist of bog. The principal seats are Moy-
nalty and Ballymackney House. The living is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloghcr, and in the pa-
tronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £346. 3.
The church is a small ancient structure. There is a
glebe-house, with a glebe of 104 acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this parish is partly in the district of
Carrickmacross, and partly the head of a district com-
prising also three or four townlands in the parish of
Louth ; it contains two chapels, one at Corcreagh, be-
longing to the Carrickmacross district, and the other in
the village of Killaney. Here are the ruins of an ancient
church, and of a fortification on a conical hill called
Mount Killaney.
91
KILLANIN, a parish, in the barony of Moycl'llen,
union and county of Galway, and province of Con-
naught, 11 miles (W.) from Galway ; containing ll,'i78
inhabitants. This is a very extensive parish, but as it
contains large tracts of bog and mountain, only 6841
statute acres are rated in the county books ; the total
area is "1,463 acres, including 4307 covered by water.
It is situated at the entrance to the bay of Galway, ex-
tending to Lough Corrib, and comprehends the islands
of Garomna and Littermore, and the bays of Casleh,
Scalp, and Bunahown. Killanin is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Tuam, forming part of the union of Ballyna-
kill ; the rectory is impropriate in T. Martin, Esq., and
the tithe rent-charge payable to him is £33. 15. The
Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the
Established Church, and contains a chapel ; divine ser-
vice is also performed in private houses at Rossmuck
and Littermore. Here was formerly the castle of Bun-
own, a principal seat of the O'Flahertys.
KILLANULLY, or Killingley, a parish, in the
union of Cork, partly in the barony of Kerrycurrihy,
county of Cork, and partly in the ancient county of the
city of Cork, and province of Munster, 5 miles (S.)
from Cork, on the road from Carrigaline to Ballyhassig;
containing 577 inhabitants. This parish, which is en-
tirely surrounded by Carrigaline, comprises '2056 statute
acres : the soil is good and chiefly under tillage, and the
system of agriculture is improving ; there is plenty of
good limestone. Here are the Kilnaliow flour-mills.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Cork, forming
the corps of the prebend of KillanuUy in Cork cathe-
dral, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-
charge is £127. 10. The church is in ruins, but divine
service is performed in a schoolroom licensed by the
bishop. The glebe comprises 5 acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Ballygarvan. There is a parochial school for boys
and giris, built by Lord Mount-Sandford and W. H.W.
Newenham, Esq., and entirely supported by the latter ;
about 50 children are educated in it, and there is also
a Sunday school. In the cemetery of the church is the
grave of Father Florence M''Carthy, who died about
1814 ; it is much visited by pilgrims : near the church-
yard is a holy well.
KILLARAGHT, a parish, in the union of Boyle,
barony of Coolavin, county of Sligo, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, 4 milcs (S. W.) from Boyle, on the road
from that place to Frenchpark ; containing '2229 inha-
bitants. This place is said to derive its name from a
nunnery founded here by St. Patrick for St. Athracta,
sister of St. Coeman, who received the veil from him in
470. It is situated on the southern shore of Lough
Gara, and consists chiefly of pasture land ; the total
area is 933*2 statute acres. Killaraght is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Achonry, episcopally united to those of
Kilfree and Kilshalvee ; the rectory is impropriate in
Viscount Lorton, and the tithe rent-charge is £112. 10.,
of which £4'2. *. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the vicar. There is a glebe of 35 acres.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Gurteen, and has a chapel at Cloonlagh.
At Templeoran are the ruins of a church, with a burial-
place attached.
KILLARARAN, or Kilronan, a parish, in the
union of Ballinasloe, barony of Killian, county of
N 2
K I L— L A
K I L— L A
Galway, and province of Connavght, 2| miles (N. E.)
from Ballinamore, on the road from that place to Ros-
common ; containing 516'2 inhabitants, and 1'2,595 sta-
tute acres. The river Shiven runs through part of this
parish, which contains a large quantity of bog. Petty-
sessions are held on alternate Tuesdays at Ballygar.
The principal seats are Ballinamore House, Ballinglass,
Castle Kelly, and Riversdale. Killararan is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Elphin, forming part of the union of
Killian ; the rectory is impropriate in Viscount Kings-
land, and the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £111,
which is equally divided between the impropriator and
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is part of the district of Killian, and has a chapel at
Ballygar.
kiLLARD, a parish, in the union of Kilrush,
barony ot' Ibrickane, county of Clare, and province
of MuNSTEU, 7 miles (N. W.) from Kilrush, and on the
road from Kilkee to Miltown-Malbay ; containing 6941
inhabitants. This parish, which is on the western coast,
and includes the cliff of Baltard, comprises 17,0'22 sta-
tute acres : there is a large quantity of reclaimable bog
and rocky land ; but the system of agriculture is im-
proving. Slate and flag quarries exist here. Very fine
salmon is caught in the Dunbeg river; and the banks
of Baltard, about three leagues from the shore, afford
turbot, cod, haddock, doree, mackerel, whiting, and
other fish, in great abundance and perfection. The
coast being precipitous and the surf considerable, the
fishermen use canoes of wicker-work covered with pitched
canvas. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Killaloe, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory
is impropriate in the representatives of Lord Castlecoote,
and in R. Stackpoole, Esq. The tithe rent-charge is
£156. 1.5., of which £64. 5. 8. are payable to the repre-
sentatives of Lord Castlecoote, £9. 18. 6. to Mr. Stack-
poole, and the remainder to the vicar. The church,
near Dunbeg, was erected in 1833, by aid of £900 from
the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic
divisions this parish forms part of the district of Kilkee,
and has a chapel at Dunbeg. A parochial school has
been established under the patronage of the incumbent
and Mr. Straight, the latter of whom gave the school-
house and a piece of ground rent-free ; there is also a
school partly supported by the parish priest. On the
summit of Baltard cliff are the ruins of a signal tower;
on the south-western side of Dunbeg bay are the ruins
ot Dunmore Castle ; and there are some remains of the
old parish church. — See Dunbeg.
KILLARE, a parish, in the union of Mullingar,
barony of Rathconrath, county of Westmeath, and
province of Leinster, .m the road from Mullingar to
Athlone; containing, with part of the post town of
Ballymore, 3990 inhabitants. This place is supposed
by Camden to have been the Laberus of Ptolemy ; and
is distinguished by a lofty and isolated hill, which bounds
It on the north-west, called Knock-Usneach, and said to
have been celebrated for the ancient provincial assem-
blies of the native Irish. A religious house was founded
here at a very early period, and subsequently became the
head of a small see, of which St. Aid is thought to have
been bishop in 588 ; of this establishment, and also of
a castle founded by the family of the Geoghegans, there
are still some slight remains. The parish comprises
l\,im statute acres: the laud is principally under
tillage ; the system of agriculture is improving, and
there is a small portion of bog. The principal seat is
Mosstown, a handsome residence. Fairs and petty-
sessions are held at Ballymore. Killare is an impro-
priate curacy, in the diocese of Meath, annexed to the
perpetual curacy of Ballymore, or St. Owen's of Lough-
seudy : the rectory is impropriate in Mrs. F. C. Reade ;
the tithe rent-charge is £195. There is neither church,
glebe-house, nor glebe. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is also part of the union or district of
Ballymore. In the village, which consists only of a few
cabins, are the ruins of the old parish church, with a
burial-ground ; and opposite to it is a remarkably high
mound, at the base of which is another ruin of very
great antiquity, with a well dedicated to St. Bridget.
In the centre of the parish is Clare Hill, on the summit
of which are the remains of a castle and foitifieations,
said to have belonged to the family of De Lacy. Near
Mosstown are the remains of the castle of Killenbrack ;
and within that demesne, on a small mound, is a burial-
place of the Judge family, of King's county.
KILLARGY, a parish, in the union of Manor-
Hamilton, barony of Dromahair, county of Leitrim,
and province of Connaught, 4^ miles (S. W. by S.) from
Manor-Hamilton, on the road to Carrick-on- Shannon ;
containing 48*3 inhabitants, of whom about 110 are in
the village. This parish, including a portion of Lough
Clean, or Belhovel lake, comprises 14,893 statute acres,
of which 10,9 1*2 are applotted under the Tithe act. The
land is generally good, and chiefly under tillage ; the
system of agriculture is improved ; there is no waste
land, except what affords either turbary or indifferent
grazing, but there is a large portion of bog. Some
quarries of limestone are worked, both for building and
for agricultural uses. Fairs for live stock are held at
Belhovel on Feb. 2nd, March 25th, Whit-Monday, Aug.
15th, Sept. 8th, and Dec. 26th. The living is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Kilmore, and in the patronage of the
Bishop, to whom the rectory is appropriate : the tithe
rent-charge is £45, of which £30 are payable to the
bishop and £15 to the vicar. The church, towards the
erection of which the late Board of First Fruits granted
a loan of £1000, is a neat edifice, built in 1830. The
glebe-house, towards which the same Board, in 1815,
gave £100 and lent £600, is a good residence ; and the
glebe comprises 350 acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisions this parish is the head of a district comprising
also part of the parish of Clonlogher ; the chapel is
situated in the village. Several schools are supported
in the parish.
KILLARNEY, a market and post town, a parish,
and the head of a poor-law union, in the barony of
Magonihy, county of Kerry, and province of Mun-
STER, 16 miles (S. K.) from Tralee and I67 (S. W.) from
Dublin; on the road from Tralee to Kenmare, and on
the present mail-coach road to Cork ; containing 10,476
inhabitants, of whom 5964 are in the town. This town,
a portion of which, containing 1163 inhabitants, extends
into the parish of Aghadoe, derived its origin from the
iron smelting-works in the neighbourhood (for which
its ample forests afforded abundant fuel), and from the
copper-mines of Ross and Muckross ; and is chiefly
indebted for its present prosperity to its vicinity to the
celebrated lakes to which it gives name. It consists
principally of two streets, from which branch several
K I L— L A
K I L— L A
smaller ; the former have been well paved and flagged,
at the expense of the Earl of Kenmare, proprietor of
Killarney, whose seat and extensive demesne immediately
adjoin the town. The total number of houses is 931,
for the most part neatly built ; the total population is
71*^7. At the south end of the town is Kenmare-place,
a handsome range of dwellings : and in the principal
street are two commodious and spacious inns, for the
reception of the numerous visiters to the lakes, for whose
accommodation also several lodging-houses have been
erected. There are two subscription reading-rooms, to
one of which is attached a billiard-room. Races, which
had been formerly held here, were lately revived ; a
regatta on the lake has been established ; and a stag-
hunt occasionally takes place in the mountains of Glenh,
which abound with the native red-deer. On the east
bank of the Dinagh is the Mall, a favourite promenade
of considerable extent : near it is a mineral spring, and
at Tullig, two miles north-east of the town, is another.
The approach to the town from the Kenmare road is
through an avenue of stately lime-trees, forming a de-
lightful promenade, from which branches off the road to
Ross, commanding a magnificent view of mountain
scenery. The projected railroad from Dublin to Valen-
cia, if carried into effect, will pass to the north-east of
the town.
Tanning, for which the oak woods in the immediate
vicinity are favourable, is still carried on, but not to its
former extent. Handle linen, made in the neighbour-
hood, is brought into the market for sale ; and on the
river Flesk is a bleach-green with a fulling-mill. A
variety of useful and ornamental articles are made from
the arbutus-tree, and sold to strangers visiting the
lakes ; there are two breweries, two small snuff and
tobacco manufactories, and some extensive flour-mills,
of which those belonging to Messrs. Galway and Leahy
are worked by the Dinagh, a stream that flows through
the West demesne into the Lower Lake. The market,
which is on Saturday, is supplied with an abundance of
cheap and excellent provisions of every description ;
and fairs are held on July 4th, Aug. 8th, Oct. 7th, Nov.
nth and "^Sth, and Dec. 28th, on Fair Hill, at the
eastern extremity of the town. A chief constabulary
police force is stationed at Killarney ; and there is also
a station at Derricunnihy, near the Upper Lake, the
barrack for which, recently erected, is a neat square
building, with an octagonal turret at each of the two
opposite angles, forming an ornamental feature among
the beautiful scenery around it. The quarter-sessions
of the peace for the county are held at Killarney, by
adjournment from Tralee, four times in the year ; petty-
sessions are also held, every Tuesday ; and a court is
held monthly by the seneschal of the manor of Ross, at
which small debts are recoverable. The present court-
house is a handsome building of hewn stone ; and con-
nected with it is the bridewell, containing two day-
rooms, two airing-yards, and six cells, with every re-
quisite appendage. The old court-house has been con-
verted into a theatre, which is occasionally opened by
the Cork company. The market-house is an old build-
ing, the upper part occasionally used as a ball-room, and
the lower part, formerly the meat-market, now chiefly
appropriated to the sale of handle linen. Shambles for
butchers' meat and fish have been erected at the back
of High-street.
The PARISH comprises 38,151 statute acres, a very
considerable portion of which is in demesne and occu-
pied by plantations. The soil is generally fertile, ex-
cept in those parts which consi.st of rocky mountain,
and even these arc in many places embellished with
trees of various kinds that have taken root in the
fissures of the rock. There are some large tracts of
bog, affording an abundant supply of fuel. Quarries
of limestone and slate are worked to a considerable ex-
tent ; the former for building and agricultural purposes,
and the latter for roofing and for various other uses.
The ancient iron-works have been long since discon-
tinued, but some vestiges of their existence may still be
traced, and the extent to which they were carried on
is evident from the vast consumption of timber in the
neighbourhood. Lead and copper ores have been ob-
tained in abundance, and the mines appear to have been
worked at a very early period. Some of the rude im-
plements used in breaking the ore, and called by the
country people " Danes' hammers," are still occasionally
found ; they consist of smooth oval stones much chipped
at the edges, with grooves in the centre by which they
were fastened to the handles. A very valuable copper-
mine was for several years worked on Ross Island ; and
both copper and cobalt were formerly obtained at Muck-
ross : the works on Ross Island have been discontinued,
and the ground has been planted and highly embellished,
under the directions of the Countess of Kenmare. The
river Laune, the only outlet from the lakes, is suscep-
tible of great improvement, and at a moderate expense
might be rendered navigable from the Lower Lake to
the harbour of Castleraaine.
Kenmare House, the residence of the Earl of Kenmare,
is a spacious mansion, externally plain, but containing
several noble apartments elegantly fitted up, with a
ball-room of large dimensions, an excellent library, and
a domestic chapel. The demesne, which is very ex-
tensive, has been greatly improved, and commands
from the rear of the house a beautiful though distant
view of the Lower Lake and the mountains on its shores.
In the deer-park, to the north-ea^t of the town, is a
romantic glen, where the Dinagh takes its course and
is crossed by a rustic foot-bridge. Miukro.is, or Muck-
russ, the seat of H. A. Herbert, Esq., is situated in a
demesne of enchanting beauty. The old mansion has
been taken down, and rebuilt in a style according more
with the beauty of the grounds, and the numerous in-
teresting objects in the immediate vicinity : the road,
also, through the peninsula of Muckross and across
Brickeen bridge to the island of that name, has been
so improved as to form a delightful drive through the
whole of this romantic demesne. Tore Cotluse, the seat
of Captain Sir Thomas Herbert, at the south-eastern
extremity of the lake of that name, is a handsome
building in the early English style, commanding, from
its peculiar situation, some grand and majestic moun-
tain scenery, the beauty of which is heightened by
reflection from the smooth surface of the lake, of which
it has an uninterrupted view ; the pleasure-grounds arc
laid out with great taste, and kept in excellent order.
The Park, the seat of D. Cronin, Esq., is also a hand-
some mansion, situated in an extensive and richly
wooded demesne, and commanding a distant view of
the Lower Lake. Flesk Castle, the seat of the family of
Coltsman, a spacious modern castellated mansion, com-
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bining various styles, occupies the summit of Droum-
humper Hill, an eminence rising gently from the river
Flesk, which encircles its base, and richly clothed with
plantations and shrubs ; the whole presenting a re-
markably picturesque object as seen from the Cork
road. From the castle terraee is an extensive pano-
ramic view of the Middle and Lower Lakes, with the
surrounding scenery ; and at a moderate elevation
above the river is a beautiful round tower with pro-
jecting battlements, resembling an ancient water tower,
which forms an interesting feature in the scenery of the
demesne. Calnrnane, the seat of H. Herbert, Esq., is
situated in a richly wooded demesne, much admired for
its noble avenue of trees. Castle Lough, formerly a
strong fortress in connexion with the abbey of Muck-
ross, was besieged by the parliamentarian army under
Ludlow, and finally demolished ; it became the site of
a residence of a younger branch of the family of Mac
Carthy More, by patent of James IL in 1683, and is
now an inconsiderable ruin in the demesne of the pre-
sent proprietor, and nearly adjoining the present man-
sion. The buildings are situated on a rocky promontory
in the bay of the same name in the Lower Lake, and
the grounds command some of the finest scenery on its
shores. Flesk Priory, the seat of the family of Coxon,
is an elegant modern residence in the cottage style, in
tastefully disposed grounds, and embracing some pleas-
ing views. Danesfort, the seat of Captain Coulthurst,
tEdies its name from an ancient fort near the house ; it
is situated on a gentle eminence, commanding some in-
teresting views of the Middle and Lower Lakes. In the
parish are also Woodlawn, Flesk Cottage, South Hill,
Courtayne Castle, and Gheramine. Other seats in the
vicinity are described in the parishes of Aghadoe and
Knockane, in which they are situated.
The LIVING is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert
and Aghadoe, united from time immemorial to the
vicarage of Kilcummin, and in the patronage of the
Crown, owing to the legal incapacity of the Earl of
Kenmare ; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of
Donoughmore. The tithe rent-charge is £356. 5., of
which £176. 5. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the vicar; five townlands pay tithe,
amounting to £48. 16., to the archdeacon of Aghadoe.
The tithe of the whole vicarial union is £346. 3. The
church, to the erection of which the late Board of First
Fruits contributed a loan of £700, was built in 1812,
and has been repaired by a grant of £282 from the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners : it is a neat but irregular
structure, with a tower surmounted by a slated spire,
and contains several mural tablets, among which are
two to the earls of Kenmare, whose family vault is
beneath ; the east window is embellished with a paint-
ing of Christ and the Two Disciples at Emmaus, in
stained glass. Near the church is the glebe-house, a
large and substantial building, on a small glebe ; and
there is a glebe of 42 acres in the parish of Kilcummin.
Mr. Herbert, of Muckross, has had it in contemplation
to build a church near Cloghereen, in this parish, and
endow it with £100 per annum for the support of a
curate. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
partly in the district of Glcnflesk, but chiefly forms the
head of a district comprising also the greater portion of
Aghadoe: the principal chapel, a spacious edifice of
plain exterior but handsomely fitted up, is in the town
94
K I L-L A
and the chapel belonging to a nunnery Is open to the
public on Sunday mornings ; there is a chapel of ease
at Fossa, in the parish of Aghadoe. A place of worship
for Wesleyan Methodists has been erected in the town.
About 50 children are taught in the parochial school,
which was built and is supported by subscription ; 400
boys in a school under the superintendence of the Ro-
man Catholic clergyman, for which a spacious building
was erected at an expense of £400, by the late Dr.
Sughrue, Roman Catholic bishop ; and more than 300
girls in the school annexed to the nunnery. The two
last are liberally aided by the Earl and Countess of
Kenmare, by whom also the children are partially clothed
and apprenticed. The college school, founded by Dr.
Sughrue for the education of young men for the Roman
Catholic priesthood, is now a private classical school ;
and the rent, £50 per annum, is appropriated to charita-
ble purposes : there is another private school of about
50 children in the parish. A fever hospital and a dis-
pensary are supported for the relief of the poor, the
former adapted to the reception of 50 patients, and
having a ward attached to it for surgical cases; an
almshouse for aged women has been established, and is
supported, by the Countess of Kenmare. The union
workhouse, occupying a site of eight acres, was erected
at a cost of £7825, and contains accommodation for
800 paupers.
At Lissavigeen, two miles and a half east of the town,
is an ancient fort, or rath, called the Druids' Circle,
consisting of a circular embankment 35 feet in diameter,
within which is a circle of seven upright stones, four
feet high ; and at about the distance of 36 feet from
the embankment are two upright stones of much larger
dimensions seven feet apart. A very curious relic of
antiquity, in form resembling a kettle-drum, was found
some years since in a bog near Muckross ; it is of
bronze, about two feet in diameter, and on being
struck emits a deep-toned, hollow sound, resembling
that of the Indian gong ; it is deposited in the library
of Charlemont House, Dublin. A smaller one, which
was found near it, was broken in attempting to raise it.
The wild, romantic, and rocky mountain pass called the
Gap of Dunloe, together with the castle of that name,
is described in the article on Knockane ; and the ruins
of the cathedral, the ancient round tower, and the
Bishop's chair, are noticed in the article on Aghadoe.
Several of the O'Donoghues, Irish chieftains or princes,
were interred in Muckross Abbey ; the most powerful
were the O'Donoghues of Ross, and the O'Donoghues
of the Glens.
Of the numerous Lakes in the county of Kerry, the
largest as well as the most interesting are those of Kil-
LARNEY, situated about a mile and a half from the
town, on the confines of a chain of lofty mountains,
between which and the Atlantic are others of still
greater magnitude and elevation ; among the latter is
the majestic Curran Tual, rising to the height of 3404
feet above the level of the sea, and forming the prin-
cipal of the range called Mac Gillycuddy's Reeks, and
the most elevated point in Ireland. The Lakes of Kil-
larney may be regarded as an immense reservoir for the
waters of the surrounding country, descending from the
mountain lakes by tributary rivers ; and their surplus
waters are conveyed through the harbour of Castlemaine
into the Atlantic by the river Laune, which is the only
K I L-L A
K I L— L A
outlet. Tliey consist of the Lower, Middle, and Upper
Lakes : the two former, which are nearly on the same
level, are bounded on one side only by mountains, and
on the other are open to a richly cultivated country,
whose surface is diversified with hills ; the latter is
surrounded by mountains on every side, and has a
higher elevation than the others.
The Lower Lake is about six miles in length and
three miles in breadth. It is bounded on the west
by the mountain of Glenil, rising abruptly from the
water at that part called Glenil bay ; and farther to
the nortli by the Tomies mountain, which is of more
gradual elevation, and has at its base a considerable
tract of fertile and richly cultivated land, sloping to the
margin of the lake. Of the numerous islands in this
lake, the largest is that called Ross Island, containing
about 80 plantation acres, and which, being separated
from the main land only by an artificial channel crossed
by a bridge, forms a peninsula projecting considerably
into the hike. Here are the picturesque ruins of Ross
Castle, founded by the O'Donoghues j it was defended
by Lord Muskerry against the parliamentarians in 165'2,
and surrendered to Ludlow. This fortress gives the
inferior titles of Viscount and Baron of Castlerosse to
the Earl of Kenniare. The shores of Ross are deeply
indented, and the rocks along its borders worn into
every variety of fanciful forms ; it is ornamented with
thriving plantations, and the arbutus and other ever-
greens here flourish in the richest luxuriance. Near
the castle is a small pier, this being the general point of
embarkation for visiters to the lakes. At a short dis-
tance from the pier, the sound of a bugle is returned,
successively from the castle, the ruined church of
Aghadoe, and Mangerton ; and afterwards innumerable
reverberations are heard, becoming gradually fainter till
they are lost in the distance. To the north is O'Do-
noghite's Prison, a, rock rising about thirty feet above the
surface of the lake ; from the fissures of which on the
summit grow the arbutus, ash, and holly, in the greatest
luxuriance ; and which, according to tradition, was used
by a chieftain of that name, of prodigious strength, as a
place of confinement. To the north of it are Heron and
Lamb Islands ; and to the west. Brown and Rabbit.
Islands, the last remarkable for its quarries of limestone,
which is burnt for manure. Westward of Ross Island
is that of Innisfallen, the most beautiful and interesting
of all in the Lower Lake : it is extremely fertile, and
richly clothed with wood to the water's edge ; among
various trees of stately growth is a holly, the stem of
which is fourteen feet in girth. Its name, originally
Innis-Nessan, from the father of the founder of its
venerable abbey, was subsequently changed to Innis-
fallen, as more descriptive of its natural beauty: it
forms the subject of Moore's melody commencing —
" Sweet Innisfallen, fare thee well I " The abbey was
founded by St. Finian Lobhar, or the Leper, at the
close of the 6th century ; and by some of the brethren
were compiled the celebrated "Annals of Innisfallen,"
an ancient manuscript, containing a general history of
the world from the creation to the year 430 of the
Christian era, but thenceforward confined to the history
of Ireland. The ruins are inconsiderable and of rude
character. On a projecting clitf near the abbey is an
ancient oratory, with a richly embellished Norman
doorway ; it was till lately used as a place of refresh-
95
ment, but a banqueting-house has been erected for the
use of visiters in another part of the island.
Between the mountains of Gleni\ and Tomies, on the
western shore of the Lower Lake, is O'Sulttian's Cascade,
consisting of three falls in a descent of about "0 feet,
the noise of which is heard at a great distance : beneath
a projecting rock overhanging the lowest fall is a grotto j
and beneath the base of the mount, and where the tor-
rent enters the lake, is a small bay, in which a quay of
rude workmanship has been constructed. At this place
is the greatest and most uninterrupted cxjjanse of the
lake, the navigation of which, from the extreme preca-
riousness of the weather, is frequently attended with
inconvenience from want of immediate shelter. The
Bay of Glena presents a combination of sublime and
beautiful scenery. Glena mountain, which forms its
boundary, though bare on the summit, is towards the
base clothed with a rich unbroken series of woods,
sloping down to the water's edge ; in this bay, also, a
remarkably fine echo is produced by a bugle. On a
gently swelling lawn, near the shore, is the elegant cot-
tage ornee of Lady Kenniare, at a short distance from
which a banqueting-house, for the accommodation of
visiters, has been erected by Lord Kenniare, From a
small mount furnished with rustic seats is obtained a
fine view of the bay, the southern shore of Ross, and
the island of Innisfallen. The northern shore of the
peninsula of Muckross is bold and rocky, and fretted by
the action of the waves into a variety of caves and fan-
tastic forms : between this and the southern shore of
Ross, the lake is studded with numerous islands, to the
east of which it expands into Castle-Lough Bay.
The Middle, or Torc, Lake, so called from the
mountain which bounds it on the south, is separated
from the Lower Lake by the islands of Uinis and
Brickeen, and the peninsula of Muckross, the two latter
connected by an antique bridge of one pointed arch,
built by the late Colonel Herbert ; and is generally
entered on the Glenh side of Dinis Island, through a
passage of great natural beauty, both banks of the inlet
being clothed with luxuriant groves to the margin of
the water. The island of Dinis is richly wooded, and
contains a cottage for the refreshment of visiters, look-
ing towards Torc Cottage, the elegant residence of Sir
Thomas Herbert, and the mountain of Mangcrton ; the
banqueting-room commands a fine view of the lake
from one extremity to the other. This lake is about
two English miles in length, and about one in breadth.
On the north side are " Devil's Island " and " Bay ;" the
former a rock of considerable elevation, with some
shrubs on its summit, appears to have been thrown off
from the main land Ijy some convulsion of nature.
The peninsula of Muckross, which forms the northern
boundary of the lake, is occupied by the demesne of H.
A. Herbert, Esq., and has here but Uttle elevation above
the water ; it is thickly covered with wood, and forms a
striking contrast with the southern shore, the lofty and
magnificent features of which are deeply reflected from
the surface of the lake, which is not, like that of the
Lower Lake, interrupted by islands. On the south side,
Tore Mountain, the precipitous front of which is wooded
to a considerable height, rises in majestic grandeur,
its apparent elevation being undiminished by that of
Mangerton, which recedes from the view ; and a pic-
turesque cascade, chiefly supplied from a lake near the
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summit of MaDgerton, called the "Devil's Punch- Bowl,"
has a strikingly beautiful effect. The latter lake, which
is remarkable for its great depth, the coldness of its
water, and a peculiarly tremulous echo produced from
its shores, is situated at an elevation of nearly 1700 feet
above the level of the sea, Mangerton itself rising to the
height of '2754. The mountain is barren, and of great
extent ; but from its summit, which is easily ascended,
is obtained a magnificent and extensive prospect, em-
bracing the whole of the lakes and the surrounding
mountains. On its eastern side is Glaun-na-coppul, the
" Glen of the Horse," inclosed on every side by rugged
and precipitous rocks.
The picturesque and interesting ruins of Muckross
Abbey are situated on a gentle acclivity at the eastern
extremity of the peninsula. This abbey, formerly called
Irrelagh, was founded by Donald, son of Thady M'^Car-
thy, in 1440, and has since continued to be the favourite
place of sepulture of that family ; it was rebuilt in
1 6'26, but was soon afterwards suffered to fall into
decay : the edifice consisted of a nave, choir, transept,
and cloisters, which last are still nearly entire. The
entrance is through a pointed doorway, the arch of
which is deeply moulded ; and a narrow pointed arch-
way leads into the choir, in which are the tombs of the
M"^Carthy Mores and the O'Donoghues of the Glens :
there is also a large mural monument to the wife of
Christopher Gallwey, Esq., beautifully executed in Italian
marble.
The Upper Lake is about three miles to the east of
Tore, or the Middle, Lake, with which it communicates
by a circuitous channel of diflieult navigation ; the cur-
rent is in many parts very rapid, and the passage
against the stream laborious and difficult. Not far
from the old weir-bridge is an eddy, called 0' Sullivan s
Puucliboicl, where the visiters are obliged to disembark,
while the boat is drawn through one of the arches of
the bridge. Pursuing the winding course of the stream,
various interesting objects successively present them-
selves : among these are several islands and rocks, of
which latter, one, from its resemblance to a ship, is
called " The Man-of-li'ar ," on its summit is a very large
yew-tree, whose stem and branches are supposed to aid
the similitude. The Eagles' Nest is a lofty rock of
pyramidal form, rising abruptly from the river, which
makes a sudden sweep round its base, and from which
it has a very picturesque appearance, though in a distant
view it is lost in the superior height of the adjacent
mountains ; the base is covered with wood, and the
face of the rock to its summit is interspersed with
shrubs. The nest of the eagle is distinguished by a
black mark near the vertex, and that bird is frequently
seen soaring at a considerable elevation above the river.
From a hillock, on the opposite side of the stream,
usually called the "Station for Audience," an echo is
produced by a single bugle equal in effect to a full band
of instruments ; the discharge of a cannon produces a
crash as if the rocks were rent asunder, and the suc-
ceeding echoes resemble the reverberations of thunder.
In the passage to the Upper Lake many superb moun-
tain views and much sublime scenery are exhibited : the
view is bounded on the north-west by Glenii and the
Long Range mountains ; on the south-east, by Cromig-
lauti, and the base of Tore. The entrance is contracted
into a very narrow passage, usually called Coleman's
96
K I L— L A
Leap, from a tradition that a person of that name leaped
across the chasm.
This Upper Lake is about two miles and a half in
length, and, from its numerous indentations, of very
irregular breadth ; it is thickly studded with islands,
and from its being almost entirely surrounded by moun-
tains, the scenery differs greatly from that of the two
other lakes. To the south, the Cromiglaun mountain
rises from its very margin ; and immediately behind is
the Esknamuckii, from which a considerable stream,
falling into the lake, forms a picturesque cascade. West
of Cromiglaun is Demjctinnihy, from which, also, falls
the beautiful cascade of that name ; and in a small glen,
between it and the lake, is the pretty cottage of the late
Rev. Mr. Hyde, occupying a highly romantic and se-
cluded situation, and commanding a view of Derrycun-
nihy cascade, and its rocky and richly wooded glen.
To the west of Derrycunnihy, and separated by the
river Kavoge, is Derrydimnagh mountain, covered on
one of its sides by a dense wood ; and in the distance,
towards the south-west, are seen the Coombui moun-
tains, and those of Barnasna more to the west, and
to the north-west Bawn and Mac Gillycuddy's Reeks.
The nearest of the last to the lake is Gheramine, at the
base of which is the entrance to the sequestered valley
of Camedujf, watered by a river navigable to the late
Lord Brandon's boat-house, whence a pathway leads to
Gheramine Cottage, embosomed in woods. On an emi-
nence in the grounds is a tower, 40 feet high, erected
by his lordship in imitation of the ancient round towers
of Ireland, and from whose summit, ascended by a
ladder in the interior, an extensive view is commanded
of the valley and lakes of Cameduff, the mountains that
inclose them, the islands of the Upper Lake, and Tore
mountain in the distance. To the north of the lake is
the Purple Mountain, so called from the colour of the
strata of shivered slate on its surface ; and to the
north-east is the " Long Range," backed by the moun-
tains of Glenk and Tomies. The most prominent of
the islands in this lake is Rossburkie, or Oak Island,
rising from a rocky bass and crowned with wood ; from
its shores is a splendid view of the mountains, finely
grouped. The others are. Eagles' Island, Ronayne's
Island, McCarthy's Duck, and Arbutus Islands, the chan-
nels between which open to new and varied scenery,
combining panoramic views of rocks, woods, and moun-
tains, with picturesque cascades, and forming an assem-
blage of the sublimest and most romantic features of
nature. The northern shore of the lake commands
prospects of equal magnificence. The rocks and islands
of the Upper Lake, the resort of numerous birds of prey,
are of a dark-green colour, harmonising finely with the
sombre sublimity of the surrounding mountains, which
tower in wild and varied magnificence ; while those of
the two lower lakes are chiefly of limestone, washed by
the waves into a variety of fantastic forms.
The Upper and Middle Lakes, previously visited almost
exclusively by aquatic parties, have been thrown into a
pcrfe«tly new and highly interesting point of view by
the construction of the road to Kenmare, which passes
between Tore mountain and the southern shore of the
Middle Lake, and, continuing its course to the south-
west, commands some fine reaches of the river, from
the old weir-bridge to Coleman's Leap, and winds round
the eastern and southern shores of the Upper Lake.
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K I L-L A
About five miles from Killarney the road is conducted
through a tunnel, called *' Tlie Heading," 45 feet in
length, cut through the solid rock. From this point
the Upper Lake is seen in beautiful perspective, with its
widest expanse of water, its wood-crowned islands and
picturesque bays, in some parts fringed with foliage of
every shade, and in others marked with features of sub-
lime and rugged grandeur, till it is lost in the distance
between the majestic mountains that form its remoter
boundaries. On the approach from Keumare the lakes,
with their winding river, appear in a great vista between
mountains wild and rocky towards their summit, but
clothed at their base with luxuriant foliage to the water's
edge. Here the Upper Lake displays its chief beauties,
presenting at a single glance one of the grandest com-
binations of the sublime and beautiful in the works of
nature. About halfway between Killarney and Ken-
mare the road descends towards the former between the
base of the mountains and the southern shore of the
lake, through the thick woods with which the moun-
tains are clothed ; the arbutus and the " London pride"
flourish here in the greatest luxuriance. In its progress
towards Killarney, the road affords some fine views of
the Middle Lake and the interesting scenery in- the
neighbourhood of Muckross. Of the three lakes, the
scenery of the Lower is considered the most beautiful,
that of Tore the most picturesque, and that of the Upper
Lake the most sublime ; taken altogether they are perhaps
unrivalled by any of equal extent in Europe.
KILLARNEY, a parish, in the barony of Gowran,
union and county of Kilkenny, and province of
Leinster, 5 miles (S. W.) from Gowran ; containing 75
inhabitants, and 155 statute acres. It is a rectory, in
the diocese of Ossory, entirely appropriate to the economy
estate of the cathedral of St. Canice, Kilkenny ; the tithe
rent-charge is £16. 1. 9. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the district of Thomas-
town, and contains a chapel. Here are the ruins of a
castle said to have been formerly occupied by the Grace
family.
KILLASCOBE, a parish, in the union of Ballina-
SLOE, barony of Tyaquin, county of Galway, and pro-
vince of CoNNAUGHT, 4^ mllcs (\V.) from Castle-Blake-
ney, on the road to Galway ; containing 2446 inha-
bitants. It comprises a considerable quantity of bog,
and about 500 acres of waste land ; the total area is
8208 statute acres. Killascobe is a vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Tuam, forming part of the union of Annaghdown ;
the rectory is appropriate to the vicars-choral of Christ
Church, Dublin, and the tithe rent-charge is £236. 5.,
of which two-thirds are payable to the vicars-choral and
one-third to the vicar, who has a glebe of four acres.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Aghiart, or Mount Bellew, and has a
chapel at Skianagh and Minla. At Garbally is a chaly-
beate well ; and within the limits of the parish are the
ruins of Clooukurriu and Garbally Castles, which were
partially destroyed by Cromwell. A portion of land on
Mr. French's estate sank about two years since, and the
cavity still remains filled with water; it is 100 feet
deep.
KILLASHEE, Kii.dare. — See Killishy.
KILLASHEE, a parish, in the union, and partly in
the barony, of Longford, but chiefly in the barony of
MoYDOw, county of Longford, aiid province of Lein-
VoL. II.— 97
STER, 4 miles (E. N. li.) from Lancsborougli, and on the
road from Longford to Roscommon ; containing, with
the parish of Clonodonnell, 4491 inhabitants, of whom
359 are in the village. It comprises 4615 statute acres
of profitable land, besides about 9605 of bog and waste
land ; the total area is 14,427 statute acres, including
207 under water. Agriculture is in a backward state ;
there is an abundance of limestone, which is used for
manure and for building. The village comprises 61
houses ; it is a constabulary police station, and has
petty-sessions on alternate Mondays, and fairs on the
second Monday in March, May 26th, Sept. 29th, and
the first 'Wednesday in December. The Shannon and
the Royal Canal pass in the vicinity. Killashee is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Ardagh, united by act of
council in 1781 to the rectory and vicarage of Cbmo-
donnell, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory
is partly appropriate to the bishopric and partly to the
vicarage. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £137. I 1.,
of which £26. 3. 5. are payable to the bishop, and the re-
mainder to the vicar ; the entire tithe of the benefice of the
incumbent is £149- 15. 7. The church has been rebuilt,
partly by a grant from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
The glebe-house has two glebes, comprising 167 acres,
besides a glebe of 19 acres in Clonodonnell. In the
Roman Catholic divisions this parish is the head of a
union or district corresponding with that of the Esta-
blished Church, and having a chapel at Killashee and
one at Clondra. There is also a place of worship for
Primitive Methodists. The parochial school is on
Erasmus Smith's foundation, the trustees of which con-
tributed to the expense of building the school-house ;
about 100 children are educated. Lady Hutchinson
bequeathed £5 annually for the repair of Sir James
Hutchinson's tomb, the surplus of which is distributed
among the poor. Here are a subterraneous stream, and
a large cave ; and at Ballynakill are the ruins of a
church, with a burying-ground attached.
KILL.\SNET, a parish, in the poor-law union of
Manor-Hamilton, half-barony of Rosclogher, county
of Leitrim, and province of Connauuht, ou the road
from Enniskillen to Sligo ; containing, with part of the
post-town of Manor-Hamilton, 6286 inhabitants. It
comprises 26,918 statute acres, including a considerable
quantity of bog : copper, iron, and coal are supposed to
exist in Benbulben mountain ; and French chalk, gyp-
sum, limestone, and coloured clays are found here.
Fairs are held at Lurganboy on May 15th, and on the
21st of every other month. The principal seats are
Screeny, Rockwood, and Glenade. The parish is in the
diocese of Kilmore : the rectory is appropriate to the
see ; the vicarage forms part of the union of Manor-
Hamilton ; and there is a perpetual curacy, called Glen-
car, or Glenlough, which was formed in 1810, by sepa-
rating 28 townlands from Killasnet, and is in the
patronage of the Vicar, who pays part of the curate's
stipend. The tithe rent-charge is £153. 15., two-thirds
payable to the bishop, and one-third to the vicar. The
church, which is at Glencar, is a ueat plain building.
The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of
the Established Church, and contains a chapel at Mullys,
built in 1834, at an expense of £250 ; and another at
Glencar. Of five schools, four are supported by John
Wynne, Esq., of Hazlewood, and the vicar. There are
some remains of the old parish church j also several
O
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chalybeate springs in the mountains ; and near Glencar
is a cascade, 200 feet high, near which are some fine
views.
KILLASOLAN— See Castle-Blakeney.
KILLASPICBROWN, or Killaspeckbrone, a
parish, in the Upper half-barony of Carbery, union
and county of Sligo, and province of Connaught, 4^
miles (W.) from Sligo, and on the bay of Sligo, contain-
ing, with Coney and Oyster Islands, 2265 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 5624 statute acres ; the land is
principally in tillage, and there is some limestone, but
no bog. It comprehends the glen of Knocknarea, which
is about a mile in length and beautifully planted, with
several cascades in the centre, and stupendous rocks on
each side ; at the western extremity is a fine view of the
Ballysadere channel. At CuUinamore are some good
beds of oysters. Killaspicbrown is a rectory and vicar-
age, in the diocese of Elphin, forming part of the union
of St. John's, Sligo : the tithe rent-charge is £138. 16. 4.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish also forms
part of the union or district of St. John's, Sligo, and has
a good slated chapel at the base of Knocknarea Hill.
At Primrose Grange is a school for boarding, instructing,
clothina, and apprenticing 1 10 boys, endowed by the
late Edward Nicholson, Esq., of Shgo, with £130 per
annum, and 20 acres of mountain land. Here are the
ruins of an ancient church, said to have been founded
by a bishop named Brone or Brown, from whom the
parish derives its name ; but they are now nearly buried
by the drifting sands, which have also covered about
400 acres of good land. There are numerous raths,
especially near Rathcarrick.
KILLASPIGMULLANE, or Kilmullane, but
generally known as Ballyvinny, a parish, in the union
of Fermoy, barony of Barrymore, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, 4 miles (S.) from Rath-
cormac, and on the road from Cork to Dublin ; con-
taining 569 inhabitants. It comprises 1852 statute
acres ; there is no waste land, and the soil, though
shallow, is fertile. The parish is a prebend in St. Fin-
barr's cathedral, Cork, united from time immemorial to
the rectories of Kilquane, Cannaway, Templeusque, and
Ballydelohar, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the
tithe rent-charge of KillaspigmuUane is £2*6. 18. 6.,
and of the whole union £920. 16. The church was
lately built, at a cost of £700. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Water-
grass Hill.
KILLASPUGLENANE, a parish, in the barony of
Corcomroe, union of Ennistymon, county of Clare,
and province of Munster, 2| miles (N. W.) from Ennis-
tymon, and on the western coast; containing 1S24
inhabitants. It comprises 3548 statute acres, consisting
chiefly of coarse mountain pasture. The parish is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Kilfenora, forming part of the
union of Kilmanaheen ; the rectory forms part of the
corps of the archdeaconry of Kilfenora, and the tithe
rent-charge is £78. 15., of which £56. 5. are payable to
the archdeacon, and the remainder to the vicar : there
is a glebe of two acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Liscanor, and has a
plain chapel at Cahirgal. Some remains of the church
still exist.
KILLASSER, a parish, in the union of Swinford,
barony of Gallen, county of Mayo, and province of
98
K I L— L A
Connaught, 6 miles (E. N.E.) from Fox ford ; on the
river Moy and the road to Swinford ; containing 6962
inhabitants. This parish was the scene of a sanguinary
battle between the native septs of the Jordans and the
Rowans, at a spot since called Lugnafulla, or "the
valley of blood." It comprises 19,677 statute acres, of
which about 6000 are arable, and the remainder prin-
cipally bog and mountain : the land is of indifferent
quality, and in many places covered with rocks of great
size ; some of the eastern portion is more productive,
but agriculture is in a very backward state ; there is a
large tract of irreclaimable bog. The parish is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Achonry, forming part of the union
of Templemore ; the rectory is impropriate in the repre-
sentatives of the late Roger Palmer, Esq., and the tithe
rent-charge is £384, which is equally divided between
the impropriator and the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Killasser forms a separate benefice ; there are
two chapels, situated respectively at Calla and Boullabee,
both well built, and roofed with slate. Several Danish
forts are to be seen in the western portion of the parish ;
at Calla is a small lake, in which is an island presenting
appearances of fortifications and said to have been in-
habitated by the sept of the Rowans ; at Erbull are the
ruins of an old castle ; and there are ancient burial-
places at Killasser, Blackpatch, and Calla.
KILLATHY, or Killatty, a parish, in the barony
and union of Fermoy, county of Cork, and province of
Munster, 3 miles (\V. by N.) from Fermoy, cm the road
from that place to Mallow, and on the river Blackwater ;
containing 1547 inhabitants. It comprises 3217 statute
acres ; the land to the north of the Blackwater is of
good quality and chiefly in tillage, but that to the south
consists chiefly of mountain pasture. Limestone is
found on the northern, and brownstone on the southern,
side of the river ; and on the latter side are also indi-
cations of iron, which is supposed to have been formerly
worked. The residence of Gurteen is situated on the
south bank of the Blackwater, the scenery of which is
here extremely interesting. Killathy is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Cloyne, forming part of the union of
Ballyhooly and corps of the prebend of Aghultie in the
cathedral of Cloyne ; the rectory is appropriate to the
vicars-choral of Christ Church, Dublin, and the tithe
rent- charge is £225, which is equally divided between
the vicars-choral and the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is part of the district of Castletown-
Roche. There are several ancient raths, or forts.
KILLAUGH.— See Killagh, county of Meath,
KILLAUGHEY, or Killaghy, a parish, in the
union of Tullamore, barony of Ballyboy, King's
county, and province of Leinster, 2f miles (E.) from
Ballyboy, and on the road from Tullamore to Roscrea ;
containing 4421 inhabitants. It comprises 18,132
statute acres, including nearly 1000 acres of bog and
waste : of the cultivated land, about one-third is arable
and two-thirds pasture. Here are two large flour-mdls ;
and limestone is procured, chiefly for burning. The
principal seats are, Annaghmore, Pallis Park, and Mount
Pleasant ; the two latter are beautifully situated on the
banks of Lake Pallis. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Meath, united from time immemorial to the
vicarages of Ballyboy, Rahan, Lynally, Eglish, and
Drumcullen, forming the union of Fircal, in the patronage
of Sir C. Coote, Bart. : the rectory is impropriate in the
K I L— L E
K I L-L E
Marquess of Downsliire. Tlic tithe rcnt-rharge of the
parish is £139. l'., of which £90 are payable to the
impropriator and the remainder to the vicar ; the gross
value of the benefice, tithes and glebe inclusive, before
the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £'218'2. 9. 7. per
annum. The church was built in 1817, by aid of a gift of
£900 from the late Board of First Fruits. There is a
glebe-house, and the glebe of Killaughey comprises
659". 3r. 36/)., valued at £637. !'-• per annum. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
union of Frankford, and has a chapel at Mount Bolus.
KILLAVALLY, a village, in the parish of Newtown,
poor-law union of Mullingar, barony of Moycashel,
county of Westmeath, and province of Leinster ;
containing VZl inhabitants. — See Killevally.
KILLAVENOGH, or Clonmore, a parish, in the
union of Roscrea, barony of Ikerrin, county of TiP-
peuary, and province of Munster, 4 miles (N. li.) from
Templemore, ou the road from that place to Rath-
downey ; containing 3.557 inhabitants. It comprises
Sl60 statute acres, including a considerable quantity of
bog ; and contains the residence of Dromard. It is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, forming
part of the union of Templemore : the tithe rent-charge
is £'2/7. 18. 6., and there is a glebe of 36 acres. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Templemore, and contains a chapel.
KILLAVONEY.— See Kilroan.
KILLAWILLIN, a village, in the parish of Mona-
N'lMY, poor-law union of Mallow, barony of Fermov,
county of Cork, and province of Munster ; containing
394 inhabitants.
KILLEA, a parish, in the union of Londonderry,
barony of Raphoe, county of Donegal, and province
of Ulster, 4 miles (S. W.) from Londonderry, on the
road from that place to LifTord, and on the railway to
Enniskillen ; containing 959 inhabitants. According to
the Ordnance survey, it comprises 1S69 statute acres, of
which 179- are applotted under the Tithe act; SO acres
are bog. Carrigans is a constabulary police station, and
has a post under Londonderry. Dunmore House is the
seat of R. M'^Clintock, Esq. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage
of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £1'27. 10. The
church is a small plain building, erected in 1765 by sub-
scription and parochial assessment, and for the repairs
of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently
granted £'2/3. There is a glebe-house, with a glebe of
26 acres ; it was built in 1S18, by a gift of £400 and a
loan of £350 from the Board of First Fruits. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Lagan.
KILLEA, a parish, in the union of Thurles, barony
of Ikerrin, county of Tipperary, and province of
Munster, '2 miles (N. W. byX.) from Templemore, on
the road to Dunkerrin ; containing 1526 inhabitants.
This parish comprises 4773 statute acres, and is prin-
cipally in pasture ; it contaius limestone and granite.
Here is a constabulary police station. Killea is a rec-
tory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, forming part
of the imion of Templemore : the tithe rent-charge is
£166. 3., and the glebe comprises S^ acres. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Templemore, and has a chapel at Killea.
About 1 1 0 children are educated in a school under the
National Board, and a second school has born opened
by the incumbent with the aid of the Church Education
Society. Here are some remains of the church, to
which a burial-ground is attached.
KILLEA, a parish, in the barony of Gacltier,
union and county of Waterford, and province of
Munster ; containing, with the sea-port and post-town
of Dunmore, 2068 inhabitants. This parish comprises
3953 statute acres, and near its southern extremity is
the fishing-village of Portala. It is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Waterford, episcopally united, in 1815, to
that of Rathmoylan, and in the patronage of the Crown ;
the rectory is impropriate in J. Kearney, Esq. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £202. 10., of which
£110. 15.6. are payable to the impropriator, and the
remainder to the vicar ; the entire tithe of the benefice
of the vicar is £163. 5. 6. The church was built in
1817, by aid of a gift of £900 from the late Board of
First Fruits. The glebe of the union comprises 6a. 1'p.,
and consists of a small plot in each parish. In the
Roman Catholic divisions Killea is part of the district
of Passage, and contains a chapel. — See Dunmore.
KILLEAD, or Killagh, a parish, in the barony
of Lower Massereene, union and county of Antrim,
and province of Ulster, 4i miles (S.) from Antrim, on
the road to Lurgan ; containing 6725 inhabitants. This
extensive parish is for a distance of eight miles bounded
on the west by Lough Neagh, and is divided into the
districts of Upper and Lower Kilmakevit, and Upper
and Lower Killelough ; it comprises, according to the
Ordnance survey, 42, 8365 statute acres, including 789i
in the Grange of Carmavy, and 19,7945 in Lough Neagh.
The land is mostly in a high state of cultivation, and
there is neither bog nor waste ; the whole surface is
drained, fenced, and managed on the Scottish system :
the principal crop is wheat, for which the soil is pecu-
liarly adapted, and which was cultivated herewith great
success when scarcely known in any other part of the
country. The farmhouses are large and well-built ;
they have excellent farmyards and homesteads attached
to them, and, with the comfortable cottages of the pea-
santry, and the numerous orchards, gardens, plantations,
and hedgerows, give to this district a rich and cheerful
appearance. The principal gentlemen's seats are, Lang-
ford Lodge, the handsome mansion of Sir Hercules
Pakenham ; Glendarragh ; Benneagh ; Glenoak ; and
Tully House. The weaving of linen is carried on to
some extent in various parts of the parish.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Connor, and
in the patronage of the Earl of Massareeue ; the rectory
is impropriate in J. AVbitla, Esq., and nine others. The
rectorial tithe rent-charge is £623. 9-, and the vicarial
£525. The church is a plain structure, nearly in the
centre of the parish, erected about a centurj' ago. The
glebe-house is an elegant residence, erected in 1817 by
the incumbent, at an expense of £1500, of which £100
were a gift and £1000 a loan from the Board of First
Fruits ; the glebe comprises about ten acres. At Gortrce,
formerly a separate parish, but since the Reformation
included in this parish, of which it is the principal
burial-place, a very handsome church was erected in
1831, under the auspices of Sir H. Pakenham, aided by
a loan of £900 from the Board of First Fruits : the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £3 15 for its
repair. At the entrance to the churchyard is a trium-
K 1 L— L E
phal arch, erected in 1832, at the expense of the parish-
ioners, in honour of Captain Armstrong, to whose
memory it bears a long inscription. The church is
endowed with £100 per annum by Sir H. Pakenham,
the patron, who has built a residence for the chaplain ;
and serves as a chapel of ease to the parochial church.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part
of the district of Glenavy ; the chapel, a small neat
building, was erected in IS'^24. There are two places of
worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General
Assembly : to one' of them, situated atTully, is attached
a very extensive burial-ground, in which is a costly
monument, in the Grecian style, to the memory of S.
Cunningham, Esq., of the island of St. Vincent's, a
native of this parish. Of the numerous public schools,
one at Ballyhill was built in 1809, by Mr. Johnson, by
whom it is partly supported ; one in the churchyard,
built in 180'2, is supported by the vicar ; and one built
by Sir H. Pakenham is supported by him and his lady,
at whose expense, also, many of the children of both
sexes are entirely clothed. Lady Massareene bequeathed
£100, and Mr. Cunningham £"200, to purchase land and
divide the rents among the poor ; a small farm in Bal-
lygennifF was accordingly purchased, and is let for £16
per annum. There are numerous mounds and forts,
some defended by a single and others by a double fosse ;
two of them have arched excavations. There are also
several ruins of churches, and many relics of antiquity
have been discovered in the neighbourhood. Clot-
worthy, Earl of Massareene, was interred in the parish
church.
KILLEAGH, a post-town and parish, in the union
of MiDLETON, barony of Imokilly, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, 7 miles (W.) from Youghal,
and 114 (S. W. byS.) from Dublin, on the road from
Cork to Youghal ; containing '281.5 inhabitants, of whom
789 are in the town. A nunnery is said to have been
founded in the 7th century, by St. Abban, near the spot
now occupied by the parish church. The town consists
of one regular street, comprising 125 houses, and is
neatly built ; it is a constabulary police station, and has
a sub-post office to Cork, Youghal, and Castlemartyr.
Fairs are held on Jan. 18th, June 13th, Aug. 11th, and
Nov. 12th ; a great quantity of live stock is sold. A
court is held for the manor of Inchiquin, the jurisdiction
of which extends over the parishes of Killcagh, Ardagh,
Dangandonovan, and Clonpriest. The water of the small
river Dissour, which passes by the town, is in high re-
pute for its bleaching properties ; and near a bridge
that crosses the stream is a boulting-mill.
The parish comprises 5854 statute acres, of which a
small quantity is bog, about 400 acres woodland, and the
remainder arable or pasture land of good quality and
well cultivated. Sea-sand and sea-weed are used as
manure, and there is abundance of limestone, brown-
stone, and inferior slate. The principal seat is Ahadoe
House, the residence of Sir Arthur de Capell Brooke,
Bart., not more remarkable for its natural beauties than
for its having remained in the same family more than
600 years, while nearly all the other estates in the south
of Ireland have been confiscated. It was granted in
1172 to Philip de Capell, lineal ancestor of the present
baronet, and is called by the peasantry " the Maiden
Estate," to distinguish it from the numerous forfeited
properties in its vicinity. From its elevated situation,
100
K I L— L E
the house commands views of the distant ocean ; while
the deep wood of Glenbower, one of the few remnants of
the ancient forests, lies stretched below. This romantic
glen, which is thought to be equal in beauty to the cele-
brated Wicklow Dargle, commences above the town of
Killeagh, and winds upwards for some miles till it is
lost in the mountains. Its precipitous sides are richly
wooded i and the Dissour, which runs through it and
forms a lovely lake, in winter dashes with the fury of a
mountain torrent, fully justifying the name of Glannbour,
or " the Deafening Valley." The present house is about
to be replaced by a castellated mansion, for which a site
has been selected with great taste ; and a fine new road,
nearly a mile in length, through Glenbower, has been
opened by the present baronet. This road, which passes
over a deep ravine by means of a neat iron bridge, com-
mands some delightful views, among which are the mag-
nificent prospects from the Warren Hill, the Bathing-
house Glen, the Foxes' Rock, and the Upper Cascade.
In the grounds is a mix vesicaria, or bladder-nut tree ;
also an ancient sycamore of very large size. Drumdiah
House, the seat of Roger Green Davis, Esq., consists of
a centre and two wings, ornamented with Doric columns,
and with a portico at the eastern end. This handsome
mansion, which was completed in 1833, is near the sum-
mit of an eminence, from which a splendid prospect is
obtained of the country extending to Youghal, with its
fine bay, and of Capell Island. Here is also Mount
Uniacke, the seat of Norman Uniacke, Esq., an ancient
family mansion, situated among mountains which have
been brought into cultivation ; it is surrounded by a grove
of trees, and commands extensive views of the sea and
the vale of Imokilly.
The LIVING is a rectory entire, within the diocese of
Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithe
rent-charge is £"30. 18. The church is a plain building
with a square tower, at the extremity of the town ; for
the erection of which, a loan of £375 was granted by the
Board of First Fruits in 1811. There is a spacious glebe-
house, for the erection of which the Board, in 1809,
gave £100 and lent £1000 ; the remainder of the cost of
£1940 being supplied by the rector : the glebe comprises
16 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish
is the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of
Dangandonovan and Ardagh, and part of Clonpriest ;
and containing two chapels, one at Killeagh, and the
other at Inch, in Ardagh. There are two public schools,
in which about 80 children are taught, and for one of
which Sir A. de Capell Brooke erected a handsome
school-house ; also a Sunday school, and a dispensary.
A castle, said to have been built by the Carews, formerly
existed here, and was charged, in 1364, with an annuity
to William Skiddy, mayor of Cork. Within the parish
is a rock of red-clay formation, rising like a pyramid,
and nearly covered with moss and plants ; and some
extraordinary caverns were explored in 1826 by Sir A.
de Capell Brooke.
KILLEAGH, county of Meath. — See Killagh.
KILLEANY, county of Clare. — See Kilheny.
KILLEANY, or Killaney, a village, in the parish
of Arranmore, barony of Arran, union and county of
Galway, and province of Connaught, on the north-
east side of the island of Arranmore ; containing 604
inhabitants. It is a coast-guard station in the Galway
district, and also a station for pilots. The inhabitants
K I L— L E
are generally fishermen, and have 39 hookers for fishing
and carrying kelp to Galway : there is a small pier at
the upper end of the bay. — See Arran Islands.
KILLEANY, barony of Clare, county of Galway.
See KiLLENY.
KILLEANY, a parish, in the union of Athy, barony
of Stradbally, Queen's county, and province of
Leinster, 3 miles (N.) from Stradbally, on the road
from that place to Portarlington ; containing 154 in-
habitants, and comprising 946 statute acres. Petty-
sessions for the district are held here irregularly. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, and in
the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is
£37. 10. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Stradbally.
KILLEARY, a parish, in the union of Ardee,
barony of Lower Slane, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4 miles (S. E. by S.) from Nobber,
and on the road from Navan to Ardee ; containing '255'2
inhabitants. It comprises 6'206 statute acres ; and in-
cludes Parsonstown, the property of the Brinkley family.
The living is partly a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath,
forming part of the union of Syddan ; the rectory is in
the patronage of the Crown and the Bishop. The tithe
rent-charge amounts to £'24'2. 4. 2., of which £1.59. 2. 8.
are payable to the rector, and the remainder to the vicar,
who has a glebe of 3«. 2r. \6p. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district called Lo-
binstown, comprising also the parishes of Syddan,
Innismoth, and Mitchellstown, and containing chapels
at Lobinstown and Heronstown.
KILLEBAN, or Killabin, a parish, partly in the
barony of Ballvadams, but chiefly in that of Slieu-
margue, union of Athy, Queen's county, and province
of Leinster, 3 miles (S. by W.) from ."Vthy, on the road
from that place to Castlecomer ; containing I'i.gSQ in-
habitants. It includes the villages of Aries, Ballylinan,
and Ballickmoyler, which are separately described ; and
comprises '25,99,5 statute acres, generally fertile, and
chiefly in pasture, with some bog and mountain. Lime-
stone, flagstone, and sandstone are quarried, and at
Newtown are extensive collieries : there are also collieries
at the Rushes, Moudebeg, Towlerton, Cogeo, Hunt's
Park, and other places. At Clonbrook is a large grist-
mill. Fairs are held at Mayo on June '29th and Oct.
ISth; also fairs at Ballickmoyler and Ballylinan. A
manorial court is held at Newtown, once in two months;
and petty-sessions at Ballickmoyler every Wednesday,
and at Ballyhnan on alternate Thursdays. There are
police stations at Ballickmoyler, Ballylinan, Newtown,
and Maidenhead ; and dispensaries at Ballickmoyler
and Newtown. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of
Leighlin, and in the gift of the Crown : the tithe rent-
charge is £969. 4. S. Here are two churches, one at
Castletown and the other at Mayo, for the erection of
which latter the Board of First Fruits, in IS 13, gave
£800 ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted
£108 for the repairs of that at Castletown, and £17'2
for that at Mayo. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is in the districts of Killeban, Doonane, and
Ballyadams ; there are chapels at Ballylinan, Aries,
Killeen, Mayo, and Doonane. The district of Killeban
comprises a great part of the parishes of Killeban,
Shruel, and Grange ; a new chapel was lately opened at
Killeen, for which A. F. St. George, Esq., gave an acre
101
K I L— L E
of ground. About 400 children are educated in jtublie
schools, to which the rector subscribes ; there arc also
six Sunday schools. St. Abban, in 650, founded a mo-
nastery here, in which he is said to have been interred ;
some remains e.\ist of its church, and within the parish
are also remains of the monastery of Clona, and of
Kilgory and Ballylinan churches.
KILLEDAN, orKiLLEDiN.a parish, in the union of
SwiNFORD, barony of Gallen, county of Mayo, and
province of Connau(;ht, 5 miles (\V. by S.) from
Swinford, on the road from that place to Ballagh ; con-
taining 6410 inhabitants. Some of the land is very
good and well cultivated, but there are large tracts of
bog; the total area is 14,515 statute acres. A market
on Thursday has been established at the village of
Cultymough, or Newtown-Brown. The principal seats
are Ballinamore, Killedan, Anna Hill, and Oxford. The
parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Achonry, forming
part of the union of Straid, orTemplemore ; the rectory
is impropriate in the representatives of R. Palmer, Esq.,
and the tithe rent-charge is £308. 13. 6., which is equally
divided between the impropriators and the vicar. The
church is a neat building, erected at Ballinamore by the
Ormsby family, in 1780. The Roman Catholic parish
is co-extensive with that of the Established Church,
and has a chapel. Here was a friary of conventual
Franciscans.
KILLEDMUND, a village, in the parish of Kilten-
NEL, barony of Idrone East, union of Enniscorthy,
county of Carlow, and province of Leinster, on the
road from Bagnalstown to Enniscorthy ; containing 154
inhabitants. This place being situated at the western
foot of Mount Leinster, includes within its scenery the
Blackstairs mountains and ScuUogh Gap : during the
disturbances of 1798 it was burnt by the insurgents. It
contains the parish church and school ; and has fairs on
March l'2th and July 15th.
KILLEEDY, a parish, in the union of Newcastle,
barony of Glenguin, county of Limerick, and pro-
vince of Munster, 4 miles (S.) from Newcastle, on the
road from that place to Newmarket; containing 6341
inhabitants. The castle of Glenquin here, which gives
name to the barony, was built by an Irish chieftain of
the O'Hallinans, in 146'2, but was soon afterwards
seized by the O'Briens, who retained possession for some
years, when it was seized by the O'Hanlons, who in their
turn were expelled by the Geraldines, by whom it was
forfeited in the Desmond rebellion ; it was ultimately
dismantled by Captain Raleigh. This castle was granted
to Sir W. Courtney in 1591, together with the castle of
Killeedy, which had been erected by the Knights Temp-
lars and had afterwards belonged to the earls of Des-
mond. At Strand, near Glenquin, the Knights Templars
erected Temple-Stran, in 1291 ; and the castle of Clean-
lis, or Castle English, a strong fortress, the owner of
which enjoyed peculiar privileges, was also in this parish.
It comprises '25,456 statute acres, of which 9059 are
applotted under the Tithe act, and the remainder is
mountain and bog : the mountains contain coal, iron-
stone, and limestone. At Hernsbrook is a very neat
residence. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Limerick, forming the corps of the prebend of
Killeedy in the cathedral of Limerick, and is in the pa-
tronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £36 1. 19-
The church and glebe-house were destroyed by the Rock-
K I L— L E
K I L— L E
itcs in 1S22, and have not been rebuilt : the glebe com-
prises 17 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions
Killeeny is the head of a district, called Ashford, com-
prising' also a small part of Monegay ; the chapel is a
large plain building, at Ashford.
KILLEEK, or Killaugh, a parish, in the union of
B.ALROTHERY, barouy of Nethercross, county of Dub-
lin, and province of Leinster, 1^ mile (W.) from
Swords, and on the road from Dublin to the Naul ; con-
taining 1S5 inhabitants, and 807 statute acres. It is a
curacy, in the diocese of Dublin, forming part of the
union of Swords. The rectory is appropriate to the
economy estate of St. Patrick's cathedral, Dublin ; the
tithe rent-charge is £126. 2. 6. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is part of the district of Finglas
and St. Margaret's. Near New Place are the extensive
ruins of a magnificent mansion; and there are some
remains of the church.
KILLEELY. — See Killily and Killely.
KILLEEN, or New Arr.\n, a village, in the parish
of Dromacoo, barony of Dunkellin, county of Gal-
way, and province of Connaught, 4 miles (N. E.) from
Kinvarra, on the road from that place to Galway ; con-
taining, in 1831,360, and in 1836, 600 inhabitants. It
is on the bay of Galway, and has a pier.
KILLEEN, a parish, in the union of Dunshaitgh-
HN, barony of Skreen, county of Meath, and province
of Leinster, 2^: miles (N. byW.) from Dunshaughlin,
and on the road from Dublin to Athboy ; containing
.580 inhabitants. An abbey is said to have been founded
here in the 1 6th century, by St. Endeus ; and also a nun-
nery, of which his sister St. Fanchea was abbess. The
barony came into the family of Plunkett by the mar-
riage of Sir Christopher Plunkett, in 1403, with the
only daughter and heiress of Sir Lucas Cusac ; and
Lucas, the tenth lord, was created Earl of Fingall
by James I., in 1628. The parish comprises 3346^
statute acres : about one-third is under tillage, and the
remainder meadow and pasture of excellent quality ; the
system of agriculture is greatly improved, and there is
neither waste land nor bog. Here are several quarries
of black limestone. Killeen Castle, the scat of the Earl
of Fingall, was originally a stately structure, erected by
Hugh de Lacy, in 1180, and has been enlarged and im-
proved after a design by Johnston, in which the style of
its ancient architecture has been retained with fine effect ;
the demesne comprises more than 840 statute acres, and
is tastefully laid out and embellished. The parish is in
the diocese of Meath : the rectory is impropriate in P. P.
Metgc, of Athlumney, Esq., and the vicarage forms part
of the union of Taragh ; the tithe rent-charge is £153,
two-thirds payable to the impropriator, and one-third to
the vicar. The church, near the castle, is a very inter-
esting structure, erected by Sir Christopher Plunkett,
who died in 1445 ; the east window is of lofty dimen-
sions, and of very elegant design. Among the ancient
monuments are those of the founder and his wife ; of
Robert Cusac, who died in 1620 ; and of John Quarter-
mas (who roofed the church) and his wife, dated 1507.
The church formerly contained a chantry and a guild of
the Blessed "Virgin. The glebe comprises 57 acres of
good land. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the union of Dunsany, or Kilmessan.
KILLEEN, a parish, in the union of Durrow, ba-
rony of Upper Ossory, Queen's county, and province
102
of Leinster, 25 miles (S. W.) from Durrow, on the road
from that place to Kilkenny ; containing about 632 in-
habitants. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory,
forming part of the union of Aughamacart, with which
parish the tithes are returned : the rectory is impro-
priate in the family of Fitzpatrick. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Durrow. Here are the ruins of Ballykaly Castle.
KILLEENADEEMA, or Kilnadeema, a parish, in
the union and barony of Loughrea, county of Galway,
and province of Connaught, 3 miles (S. by W.) from
Loughrea ; containing 3754 inhabitants. This parish
comprises a considerable portion of the Derrybrian
mountains, and contains 24,504 statute acres. It is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Clonfert, with the greater
portion of the rectory united, together forming part of
the union of Loughrea ; the remainder of the rectory is
appropriate to the deanery of Clonfert : the tithe rent-
charge is £115. 8., of which £9. 14. are payable to tEe
dean, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also the parish of Kilteskill, and containing
chapels at Kildeema, Derrybrian, and Ayle.
KILLEENASLEENA, a parish, in the barony of
MiDDLETHiRD, couuty of TippERARY, and province of
MuNSTER ; containing 220 inhabitants, and compris-
ing 730 statute acres. It is wholly impropriate, and a
stipend is paid to a neighbouring clergyman for the
performance of the occasional duties. The tithe rent-
charge is £26. 5.
KILLEENAVARRA.— See Killunavarra.
KILLEENEY, a parish, in the union of Gort, barony
of KiLTARTAN, couuty of Galway, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, 4^ milcs (N. W.) from Gort, near the road
from that place to Kinvarra; containing 1165 inhabit-
ants, and 6117 statute acres. The land is very coarse
and rocky, and the only seat is Normangrove. The
parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmacduagh,
forming part of the union of Kilcolgan ; the rectory is
appropriate to the see, the deanery, and the vicarage of
Ardrahan. The tithe rent-charge is £73. 10. 4., of
which £15. 15. are payable to the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners, £5. 10. 3. to the dean, £31. 10. to the in-
cumbent of Ardrahan, and the remainder to the vicar.
There are some remains of the church, with a small
burial-ground attached. About a mile from Kinvarra is
a hole in the rock, called the Pigeon Hole, which leads
to a natural cavern, three or four hundred feet in extent.
In the parish are also the remains of the castle of Cahir
Irlane, said to have belonged to the Killikellys.
KILLEENOUGH.— See Killenorty.
KILLEEVAN, a parish, in the union of Clones,
barony of Dartry, county of Monaghan, and province
of Ulster, on the river Fin, and on the road from Clones
to Dublin ; containing, with the post-town of Newbliss,
8417 inhabitants, of whom about 87 are in the village.
This parish comprises, according to the Ordnance sur-
vey.
If statute acres, of which ll,314f are in
Dartry (including a detached portion of 127^ acres, and
55f under water) and 257 in the barony of Monaghan :
of the whole, 9329 are applotted under the Tithe act.
The land is principally under tillage, the soil fertile, and
the system of agriculture improved : there are several
detached portions of bog. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Clogher, and in the patron-
K I L— L E
K I L— L E
age of the Bishop : the tithe rent-churge is £389. 4. 6.
The church is a neat plain structure, built in 1794, and
enlarged in 18 12 by a gift of £100 and a loan of £300
from the late Board of First Fruits : the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners recently granted £14'2 for repairs. The
glebe-house was erected in 18r2, by a gift of £100 and
a loan of £600 from the late Board ; the glebe com-
prises 64 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a union, comprising also the parish
of Aughabog, and containing two chapels; the chapel of
this parish, on the townlond of Killafuddy, is a neat
edifice, erected in 1817. — See Newdliss.
KILLEGLAND, or Killeylan, also called Kil-
MEGLAN, a parish, in the union of Donshaughlin,
barony of Ratoath, county of Meath, and province of
Leinster ; containing 411 inhabitants, who are nearly
all in the post-town of Ashbourne. The parish con-
sists of 716 statute acres ; and is a rectory and vicar-
age, in the diocese of Meath, forming part of the union
of Ratoath : the tithe rent-charge is £40. 10. In the
Roman Catholic divisions also it is part of the union or
district of Ratoath, and has a chapel at Ashbourne.
KILLEGNEY, a parish, in the union of E.vnis-
CORTHY, barony of Bantry, county of Wexford, and
province of Leinster, 6 miles (S. W.) from Ennis-
corthy ; on the river Boro, and near the high road to
New Ross; containing I763 inhabitants. It comprises
6686 statute acres, chiefly under tillage ; the soil is
mostly light and poor, but the system of agriculture is
greatly improved, and drill husbandry is in general use.
Castle Boro, the spacious modern mansion of Lord
Carew, is built on the site of an ancient castle belong-
ing to that family, of whom the present lord was
created a peer of Ireland in 1S34, and of the United
Kingdom in 1838. The house is beautifully situated on
the bank of the picturesque river Boro, which, after
winding through the richly wooded demesne, discharges
itself into the Slaney about two miles below Ennis-
corthy ; and the grounds, which are tastefully disposed,
comprehend some beautiful scenery, in which the spire
of the church, rising above the neighbouring groves,
forms a pleasing feature. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Ferns, episcopally united, in 1798, to the im-
propriate curacy of Chappie, and in the patronage of
the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £'2'28. 9. 3. The
church, for the erection of which the Board of First
Fruits granted a loan of £900, in 18'27, is a neat edifice,
and an elegant spire was added to it some years ago at
the expense of the present Lord Carew ; the Ecclesi-
astical Commissioners lately granted £106 for its re-
pair. The glebe-house is a neat residence, in Chappie
parish, erected in 1831, by a gift of £400 and a loan of
£'200 from the late Board ; the glebe comprises 16
acres, subject to a rent of £13. 16. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district
of Templeudigan ; the chapel is at Poolpeasty. The
Rev. James Gordon, author of an Abridgment of Irish
History, the History of the Rebellion in 1798, and
various other works, was for many years rector.
KILLEHENY, or Killahtxny, a parish, in the
union of Listowel, barony of Iraghticonnor, county
of Kerry, and province of Minster, 11 miles (S. W.
by W.) from Tarbert, and on the south-eastern shore of
the estuary of the Shannon ; containing 30.50 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 4654 statute acres, about one-third
103
of which is arable land of good quality ; the remainder
is coarse mountain pasture, with a great quantity of
bog. Agriculture is improving; sea-weed and sea-sand
are used as manures, and limestone is abundant. Fine
salmon and trout are taken in the river Cashcn. There
is a telegraph on Knockanore mountain. Spraymount
is the residence of Captain W. Raymond, and the other
seats are those of Captain Hewson, and C. Julian, Esq.:
in the grounds of the latter, some skeletons in stone
graves were discovered in 18'29. The parish is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, forming
part of the union of Aghavallin ; the rectory is impro-
priate in A. Stoughton, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge
is £93. 9-, two-thirds payable to the impro])riator, and
the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Lissel-
tin, and has a chapel at Ballybunnian. Here are
the celebrated caverns of Ballybunnian, which are de-
scribed under the head of that place.
KILLEIGIl, a village and chapelry, and formerly a
post-town, in that part of the parish of Geashill
which is in the barony of Geashill, union of Tu ll.a-
MORE, King's county, and province of Leinster, 9|-
miles (N. W.) from Portarlington, and on the road from
Dublin to Birr ; containing '262 inhabitants. An abbey
was founded here in the 6th century, which e.xisted till
the Dissolution, and in 1578 was granted, with its pos-
sessions, to Gerald, Earl of Kildare. A nunnery was
founded by the Warren family in the l^th century, for
nuns of the order of St. Augustine ; and a monastery
for Grey friars was established here in the reign of
Edward I., which was granted to John Allee, at the
Reformation. The village contains 5'2 houses and a
brewery and malting-house, and is a constabulary police
station : fairs are held on July 1st and Oct. 17th. Kil-
leigh is a chapelry in the diocese of Kildare, annexed to
the benefice of Geashill, and has a large ancient chapel,
partly rebuilt in 1830, at a cost of £600, raised by
parochial assessment. In the Roman Catholic divisions
it is in the district of Ballycane, or Geashill, and has a
spacious chapel. Some remains exist of one of the
religious houses, close to which is the entrance to a
cave ; and there are also some remains of a rath that
formerly surrounded the village. — See Geashill.
KILLEIGHY.— See Ballykeane.
KILLEILAGH, a parish, in the barony of Cor-
COMROE, union of Limerick, county of Clare, and
province of Munster, 6^ miles (N. W. by X.) from
Ennistymon, and on the road from Ballyvaughau to
Ballyaline; containing 3904 inhabitants. This parish
comprises 12,357 statute acres, a large part of which
consists of mountain pasture and bog : slate of inferior
quality is found at Donagore. Ballyaline bay is well
situated for fishing, and has a coast-guard station, in-
cluded in the Miltown-Malbay district ; there is a con-
stabulary police station at Knuckfin. Off the coast is
Innishere, one of the Arran Isles, between which and the
main land is the South sound, or entrance to Galway
bay. The principal seats are, Doolen ; Arranview,
commanding, as its name implies, a fine view of the
Arran Isles and the coast of Galway ; and Ballyaline ;
besides which there are several other respectable resi-
dences. Killeilagh is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kil-
fenora, forming part of the union of Kilmanaheen ; the
rectory is united to those of Kilmoon and Carrune.
K I L— L E
The tithe rent-charge is £166. 3., two-thirds payable to
the rector, and one-third to the vicar. The church is
in ruins. In the Roman Cathohc divisions the parish
is part of the district of Arranview, or Tuoclea, and has
a chapel at Knockfin. At Glassie, and Donagore, are
the ruins of the castles respectively so called, the latter
being a circular tower on a square base ; and at Bally-
nalacken, on a rocky eminence near the sea, stands the
castle of that name, which has been repaired by J.
O'Brien, Esq., its proprietor. Boetius Clancy, a cele-
brated chieftain, formerly resided at St. Catherine's, and
a mound of earth is still shewn as the spot where his
castle once stood.
KILLEINY, or Killiney, a parish, in the union of
TR.iLEE, barony of Corkaguiney, county of Kerry,
and province of Munster, 124 miles (W. by S.) from
Tralee ; containing 3481 inhabitants, of whom 197 are
in the village. It includes the low sandy peninsula of
Magharee, which separates the bay of Tralee from that
of Brandon j and off the northern extremity of the
peninsula are the small isles called the Magharees, or
" Seven Hogs," which abound with limestone, and where
kelp is still made, but not to its former extent. To the
■west of Castle-Gregory is a small lake, which might be
easily drained ; and an embankment or pier -would be
of great benefit. The parish comprises 14,956 statute
acres, including a considerable tract of mountain and
bog : the arable land, which is generally manured with
sea-weed, is extremely fertile, and particularly noted for
producing wheat of a superior quality. Stone for building
abounds, and limestone is found near the glebe. The liv-
ing is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert
and Aghadoe, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the
tithe rent-charge is £324. 14. The church is a small
plain structure, for the building of which the Board of
First Fruits gave £800, in 1812, and the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners lately granted £159 for its repair.
There is no glebe-house : the glebe is merged in the
bishop's farm of Killeiny, but the tenant pays £16 per
annum to the rector. In the Roman Catholic divisions
this parish forms part of the district of Castle-Gregory,
which comprises the parishes of Killeiny, North Clogh-
ane, Stradbally, and Ballyduff, and has chapels at Castle
Gregory and North Cloghane. The ruins of the old
church adjoin the present edifice ; and at Killeton are
vestiges of an ancient burial-ground. — See Castle-
Gregory.
KILLELAGH, or Killela, a parish, in the union
of Magherafelt, barony of Loughinsholin, county
of Londonderry, and province of Ulster, 2 miles
(N.) from Maghera; containing 3258 inhabitants. This
parish comprises, according to the Ordnance survey,
10,270 statute acres, of which more than half is good
mountain pasture and the remainder under tillage : the
substratum is basalt, and the soil generally thin and
cold, but the lands have been lately improved by a judi-
cious use of lime ; there is a sufficient tract of turbary
for fuel, but no waste land. On the eastern boundary
IS Carntogher mountain, rising 1521 feet above the level
of the sea. In the mountain district the inhabitants
are principally native Irish, and in the plains, of Scottish
extraction. Five townlands are in the manor of Mag-
hera, and belong to the see of Derry ; three, in the
manor of Kilrea, belong to the Mercers' Company ;
and four, in the manor of Bellaghy, to the Viutners'
104
K I L— L E
Company, of London. The parish was formerly united
to Maghera, but in 1794 was separated from it, and
now forms a distinct benefice. The living is a rectory,
in the diocese of Derry, and in the patronage of the
Bishop: the tithe rent-charge is £148. 8. 4. The
"church is a small plain edifice without tower or spire,
towards the erection of which the late Board of First
Fruits gave £500 in 1808, and in 1810 £100 were given
towards the erection of the glebe-house ; the glebe com-
prises 272 acres, constituting part of the townland of
Gortinure, and of which 120 acres are under cultivation.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Maghera; the chapel is a spacious
and handsome building with a tower, lately erected. In
the townland of Tirnony is a cromlech, and near it
are the, ruins of a very ancient church, which was de-
stroyed in the rebellion of the Earl of Tyrone, and
subsequently rebuilt.
KILLELAN, a parish, in the union of Baltinglass,
barony of Kilkea and Moone, county of Kildare,
and province of Leinster, 3 miles (N.) from Castle-
dermot, and on the confines of the county of Wicklow
and Dublin; containing 1764 inhabitants. It com-
prises 737 8f statute acres : the greater portion of
the land is good, and the system of agriculture im-
proved ; a considerable tract of bog has been brought
into cultivation by R. Archbold, Esq. ; and there is
little waste or unprofitable land. The surface is varied,
and the scenery in some parts picturesque. Davids-
town, in the parish, is a handsome mansion, situated
in an extensive and finely planted demesne, above
which rises Hughstown hill. The living is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Dublin, consisting of the seven denomi-
nations of Bolton, Simonstown, Newtown, Commons-
town, Collin, Colerake, and Hughstown, and formerly
constituting part of the union of Timolin, from which
it has been separated and formed into a distinct benefice,
in the patronage of Sir R. Steele, Bart., in whom
the rectory is impropriate. The tithe rent-charge is
£247. 10., two-thirds payable to the impropriator, and
one-third to the vicar : there is neither glebe-house nor
glebe. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Castledermot. There are
some slight remains of the old church, and also of an
hospital formerly belonging to the Knights of St. John
of Jerusalem, consisting of a square tower.
KILLELONEHAN, a parish, partly in the barony
of CosHMA, but chiefly in that of Pubblebrien, union
and county of Limerick, and province of Munster,
on the road from Limerick to Croom ; containing,
with part of the town of Patrick's- Well, 9S2 inhabitants.
This parish comprises 2069 statute acres ; the land is
in general of good quality, resting on a substratum of
limestone, and the system of agriculture is much im-
proved. The surrounding scenery is enlivened by several
good houses and well-planted demesnes : the principal
are Fort Etna and Attyflin. The living is a rectory, in
the diocese of Limerick, and forms part of the corps of
the prebend of St. Munchin in the cathedral of Lime-
rick : the tithe rent-charge is £93. 9. 3. The church
was destroyed in the war of 1641, and is now in ruins ;
the members of the Establishment attend that of Kil-
peacon. There is no glebe-house ; the glebe comprises
5i acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish
forms part of the district of Loughmore. Here are
K I L— L E
K I L— L E
sonic remains of a castle built by Dermot O'Hurley, in
tlie 15th century.
KILLELY, KiLLEELY, or Killegally, a parish,
in the poor-law union of Limerick, partly in the
barony of Pubulebrien, county of Limerick, partly
within the north liberties of the city of Limerick, but
chiefly in the barony of Lower Bunratty, county of
Clare, and province of Munster, 3 miles (N. \V.) from
Limerick ; on the mail-road to Ennis, and on the river
Shannon ; containing 5065 inhabitants. This parish,
which is also called Meelick, comprises 6607 statute
acres ; almost equally divided between tillage and pas-
ture. It extends nearly to tlie old Thomond-bridge, at
Limerick; and includes the extensive distillery of
Messrs. Brown, Stein, and Co. Limestone abounds
and is used for manure, and there is some bog near
the Shannon. There are stations of the constabulary
police at Cratloe, Meelick, and Thomond-gate. Cratloe
Woods, a highly improved and beautiful seat, is the
residence of Augustus Stafford O'Brien, Esq. ; the de-
mesne and wood are chiefly in this parish, but extend
into the adjoining parish of Kilfentinan. The living is
a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, and
in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent charge
is f'ZlO. 16. 6. The church, a small plain structure,
picturesquely situated at Meelick, was built in 1735, by
Mr. Burton, ancestor of the Marquess of Conyngham,
and subsequently made parochial ; it has undergone a
thorough repair, a grant of £'2'20 having been made by
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for that purpose. The
communion-plate was presented by the Conyngham
family. The glebe-house, built in 1*79 by the then
incumbent, an excellent mansion commanding a beau-
tiful view of the Shannon, stands on a glebe of I'i
acres ; it has been much improved by the present
rector, who has made new approaches to it. In the
Roman Catholic divisions this parish is partly in the
district of Meelick, and partly in that of Thomond-gate,
or St. Lelia. Of five schools, one, at Cratloe, is sup-
ported by Mr. O'Brien ; and about one mile south-east
from Cratloe Cross is the Cratloe and Meelick public
dispensary.
KILLELY, KiLLEELY, or Killila, a parish, in
the union of Enniscorthy, barony of Ballaghkeen,
county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 3|
miles (S. E.) from Oulart, and on the coast-road from
AVexford to Dublin; containing 770 inhabitants. It
comprises ISIOJ statute acres, and contains two quar-
ries of good building stone of a slaty kind ; also lime-
stone-gravel and marl. A fair is held at Croshue on
January 1st, and fairs at Black water on March '25th,
Corpus-Christi, 10th August, and 11th November.
Castle Talbot, the seat of the ancient family of Talbot,
is now occupied by a tenant of William Talbot, Esq.
The parish is in the diocese of Ferns, and is an impro-
priate curacy, forming part of the union of Castle-
Ellis ; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Ports-
mouth : the tithe rent-charge is £63. IS. 6., of which
£3i. 3. 6. are payable to the impropriator, and the
remainder to the perpetual curate. In the Roman
Catholic divisions KiUely forms part of the liberty of
Blackwater, which includes this parish and Ballyvalloo,
and has a chapel there. Some remains exist of the
church, and of a Danish rath. — See the article upon
Blackwater.
Vol. II.— 105
KILLEMLAGII, or Killemilagh, a pari.'^h, in the
union of Cahirciveen, barony of Iveragii, county
of Kerry, and province of Monster, 8 miles (S. w.)
from Cahirciveen; containing ^"28 inhabitants. This
parish, which comprises 11,857 statute acres, including
a considerable quantity of mountain and bog, is situated
on the western coast, and on the south-eastern side of
the harbour of Valentia. Its southern extremity forms
Bolus Head, which is on the north-west side of the
entrance to the bay of Ballinaskelligs. Puffin Island,
so called from its being much frequented by pulFins,
and which also abounds with rabbits, is steep and
craggy, with a remarkable gap in its highest part ;
the Skellig Islands also lie off this parish, and are sepa-
rately described. Many of the inhabitants are engaged
in fishing, and in the collection of sea-weed for manure.
At Portmagee is a coast guard station, in the district of
Valencia, and petty-sessions are held there once in
three weeks. The principal seats are Belville, Water-
view, Kilkevaragh, and Ahadda. The parish is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe,
forming part of the corps of the treasurership of Ard-
fert : the tithe rent-charge is £76. 3., and there is a
glebe at Kerl. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is in the district of Prior, and has a chapel at
Portmagee and Kerl. The ruins of the church, which
was dedicated to St. Finian, are at the bottom of the
bay of Ballinaskelligs, which is so much exposed to a
heavy sea that the only landing-place is in a small creek
to the north. Here are some chalybeate springs.
KILLENAGH, a parish, in the union of Gorev,
barony of Ballaghkeen, county of Wexford, and
province of Leinster, 4^ miles (S. by E.) from Gorey ;
containing ~36 inhabitants. This parish is on the
eastern coast, and comprises 3'23'2^ statute acres, which
are almost exclusively under tillage. It is a perpetual
curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, forming part of the
union of Ardamine : the rectory is impropriate in
H. K. G. Morgan, Esq., who receives the whole of the
tithe rent-charge, amounting to £108. 15. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of River-chapel or BaJlygarret. A dispensary
was established in IS'29.
KILLENAULE, a small market and post town, and
a parish, in the union of Cashel, barony of Slievar-
dagh, county of Tiiterary, and province of Minster,
5| miles (N.) from Fethard, and 84 (S. \V.) from Dublin,
on the road from Cashel to Callan ; containing 3755
inhabitants, of whom 17S6 are in the town. The parish
comprises 7711 statute acres, and furnishes limestone,
flagstone, potters'-clay, iron-ore, and slate fit for making
pencils : its large collieries are described in the article
on the county, u-ldch see. A chief constabulary police
force is stationed in the town, where there is a weekly
market; and fairs are held on the first Thursday (O. S.)
in May and October, Jan. 1st, March '25th, June '24th,
and Aug. 14th. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Cashel, united to the rectories and vicarages of
Cooleagh, Magowry, Drangan, Isertkerin, and Barretts-
grange, and the rectory of St. Johnstown, forming the
union of Killenaule, in the patronage of the Bishop :
the rectory is appropriate to the chancellorship of the
cathedral of Christ Church, Dublin. The tithe rent-
charge of the parish is £'2'25, two-thirds payable to the
chancellor, and one-third to the vicar ; the entire tithe
P
K 1 L— L E
of the benefice of the incumbent is £711. 15. The
church is a small building, erected by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners, at an expense of £689. The glebe-
house, in Cooleagh parish, was built in 1*73, by the
then incumbent, at a cost of £500 ; the five glebes in
the union consist of 44 acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisions this parish is the head of a district, and has
a chapel. Here are the remains of Gralla and Gray-
stone Castles.
KILLENCARE, or Killenkere, a parish, in the
union of Bailieborough, partly in the barony of
Upper Loughtee, but chiefly in that of Castle-
RAGHAN, county of Cavan, and province of Ulster,
4 miles (W. S. \V.) from Bailieborough, on the road to
Virginia ; containing S126 inhabitants. This parish,
which is also called KiUinskere, comprises 15,96'2:|-
statute acres ; 131;^ are water, and there is some bog.
The lands are principally arable, and in a tolerable
state of cultivation, producing abundant crops. Slate
is found here, but of very inferior quality, and the
quarries formerly worked have in consequence been dis-
continued : an ore supposed to be zinc has been dis-
covered on the townland of Durryham, but it has not
been yet worked. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Kilmore, and in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the rectory is impropriate in the representatives of
Richard, Earl of Westmeath : the vicarial tithe rent-
charge is £360. The church, for the erection of which
the Board of First Fruits granted £900 as a gift, and
£1'200 as a loan, in 1S17, is a very neat structure. The
same Board, in 1816, gave £325 and lent £1050 to-
wards the erection of the glebe-house, which is a hand-
some residence; the glebe comprises 331 acres of pro-
fitable land, with about 47 acres of bog. The per-
petual cure of Rlullough, or MuUagh, forms part of
this parish, and the incumbent is allowed £55 per
annum by the vicar ; part, also, of Killencare has
lately been added to the district of Billeses, to the in-
cumbent of which curacy the vicar pays £45 per
annum : the patronage of the former is in the vicar
of Killencare, who is, with the vicars of Lavay and
Lurgan, likewise patron of Billeses. The Roman Ca-
tholic parish is co-e.\tensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church : the chapel here is a plain building,
and there is also one at Clanaphillip. There are two
places of worship for Presbyterians, in conne.xion with
the General Assembly. Of two schools, one is sup-
ported by Lord Farnham. Here are numerous mineral
springs, some of which are used medicinally.
KILLENELLICK. — See Galbally, in the county
of Limerick.
KILLENEMOR, a parish, in the union and barony
of Fermoy, county of Cork, and province of Mcnster,
3 miles (S. W.) from Mitchelstown ; containing '211 in-
habitants. This small parish consists of only one town-
land, comprising 414 statute acres, and for all civil
purposes has merged into the parish of Glanworth. It
is a rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne, and forms the
corps ot the prebend of Killeneraor in the cathedral of
Cloyne, in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-
charge is £30, and forms part of the economy fund of
the cathedral. There is neither church, glebe-house,
nor glebe. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is part of the district of Glenworth.
KILLENNY.— See Killeany.
106
K I L— L E
KILLENORTY, or Killenought, a parish, partly
in the barony of Coshma, but chiefly in the barony of
Pubblebrien, county of Limerick, and province of
Munster, 2^ miles (S. W.) from Patrick's- Well, and on
the road from Croora to Limerick ; containing 420 in-
habitants. The parish comprises 858 statute acres ;
the soil is generally good, and is based on limestone. It
is a rectory, in the diocese of Limerick, forming part of
the bishop's mensal. In the Roman Catholic divisions
it is part of the district of Loughmore.
KILLENTIERNA, a parish, in the union of Kil-
LARNEY, partly in the barony of Magonihy, but chiefly
in the barony of Trughenackmy, county of Kerry,
and province of Munster, 3 miles (S. by W.) from
Castleisland, on the road to Killarney ; containing 3106
inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the river
Brown Flesk, comprises 10,231 statute acres. The soil
is light and gravelly ; limestone, which abounds, is used
for manure, and the state of agriculture is gradually
improving : there are several patches of bog. Dicks-
grove, the finely wooded demesne of the Meredith
family, is in this parish. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, united to that of Dy-
sert, together constituting the union of Killentierna, in
the patronage of the Proprietors of the Seigniory of
Castleisland : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£212. 10. 6., and of the whole union £342. 15.; there
is a glebe of 35 acres, subject to a rent of £50 late
currency. The church is a small plain building with a
square tower, erected in 1814, by a gift of £800 from
the Board of First Fruits. An excellent glebe-house
was built by the incumbent in 1S40. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Currens, or Killentierna : the chapel is near the latter
village. The ruins of the old church still remain, in the
burial-ground.
KILLENUMERY, a parish, in the union of Manor-
Hamilton, barony of Dromahaire, county of Lei-
trim, and province of Connaught, 2 miles (S. by E.)
from Dromahaire, on the road from that place to Sligo ;
containing 4605 inhabitants. It comprises 14,086|
statute acres, principally under tillage, with a consider-
able quantity of mountain land and bog. Coal and iron
ore exist here, but have not been worked, and limestone
is plentiful ; crystal-spar, or Irish diamond, is found at
Cashel. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ar-
dagh, episcopally united to the vicarage of Killery, and
in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impro-
priate in R. Baker, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £165, of which £52. 10. are payable to the im-
propriator, and the remainder to the vicar ; the gross
value of the vicarial union, including tithe and glebe,
before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £578. 9. 2.
The church is a neat building, erected in 1822 by aid of
a loan of £1000 from the late Board of First Fruits;
there is a chapel of ease at Killery. The same Board,
in 1812, gave £350 and lent £450 for the erection of
the glebe-house : the glebe comprises 521 acres, a part
of which is mountain land and bog. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also the parish of Killery, and has a chapel
at Ballinagar. The abbey of Creevlea, described in the
article on Dromohaire, is in this parish.
KILLEN'VOY, a parish, in the barony of Athlone,
union and county of Roscommon, and province of Con-
K I L— L E
K I L— L E
NAUGHT, 10 miles (X. N. \V.) from Athlone, on the road
from that plate to Roscommon ; containing '2388 in-
habitants. It comprises 6554^ statute acres, and con-
tains a small quantity of bog ; there is an abundance of
excellent limestone. The principal seats are Scregg,
Kellybrook, Churchboro, Bondvillc, and Mount-Plunket,
the last a handsome building situated on Lough Ree.
The living is a vicarage, iu the diocese of Elphin, epis-
copally united to the vicarages of Kilmean, I'orterin,
Ivernoon or St. John's, and Raharrow, and in the pa-
tronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in the
Incorporated Society. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £9". 10., which is equally divided between the
impropriators and the vicar; and the tithe rent-charge
of the whole vicarial benefice is £170. "• The church,
a neat edifice, was built by aid of a loan of £1.500 from
the Board of First Fruits, in 18'2'2 ; and the Ecclesias-
tical Commissioners recently granted £133 for its re-
pair. The glebe-house was built in 18^25, by a gift and
loan, each of £400, from the Board : the glebe consists
of '28a. 3r. i)p., paying IBs. 4(/. per acre. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district
of St. John's, and contains a chapel at Culleen. About
100 children are educated in a school under the Church
Education Society, and 100 more in two other schools.
Numerous slveletons have been dug up.
KILLENY, or Killeany, a parish, in the union of
TuAM, barony of Clare, county of Galway, and pro-
vince of CoNNAUGHT, '2 miles (S.) from Headford, on
the road to Lough Corrib ; containing 177'2 inhabitants.
It comprises 57 11^ statute acres. The living is a rec-
tory and vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, forming part
of the union of Headford : the tithe rent-charge is
£111. 3. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
part of the district of Headford ; the chapel is a small
thatched edifice.
KILLERERAN, a parish, in the union of Tdam,
partly in the baronies of Ballymoe, andDuNMORE and
Tyaquin, but chiefly in that of Clare, county of Gal-
way, and province of Connaught ; containing, with
the post-town of Dangan, 4782 inhabitants. It com-
prises 14,535 statute acres, and includes about 800
acres of waste and a tract of bog, both reclaimable.
The principal seats are Brook Lodge, Hillsbrook, and
Castle Moyle. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Tuam, united by act of council, in 179-,
to the rectory and vicarage of Knockmoy, and in the
patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £'256. '2. 6., and of the whole union £4'21. '2. 6.
The church is a plain neat structure, erected iu IS'23,
by aid of a gift of £500 and a loan of £500 from the
late Board of First Fruits. The glebe-house was built
in IHOO, at a cost exceeding £700, chiefly paid by the
then incumbent ; the glebe consists of 40 acres. The
Roman Catholic parish is co-e.\tensive with that of the
Established Church, and has a chapel. There are two
schools ; one in connexion with the National Board, and
the other with the Church Education Society. The ruins
of the castle of Barna and several raths are here.
KILLERICK, orKiLLERRiG, a parish, in the union,
barony, and county of Carlow, and province of Lein-
STER, 5q: miles (E. by N.) from Carlow, and on the river
Slaney ; containing, with part of the suburbs of the
post-town of Tallow, S60 inhabitants. A preceptorj'
of Knights Templars was founded here in the reigii of
107
King John, by Gilbert de Bocard, which, at the sup
pressiou of that order, was granted to the Knights Hos-
pitallers, and, at the general dissolution, to Sir Gerard
Aylmer. In 1331, the Irish burnt the church, with the
priest and eighty persons who had assembled in it ; the
Pope ordered the Archbishop of Dublin to exeomnmni-
cate all the persons engaged in the perpetration of this
atrocious act, and to lay their lands under an interdict.
The parish comprises 5318J statute acres, which, with
the exception of about 100 acres, are good arable and
pasture land : the principal seats are Duckett's Grove
and Russell's-town Park. It is an impropriate curacy,
in the diocese of Leighliu, forming part of the union of
Urglin : the rectory is impropriate in Messrs. Humphreys
and Bunbury, who receive the tithe rent-charge, amount-
ing to £'270, out of which £15. 15. are paid to the
curate. At Friarstown are the ruins of a castle and of
a religious establishment.
KILLERMOGH, or Kildermoy, a parish, in the
union of Ahbeyleix, barony of Clarmallagh, Queen's
county, and province of Leinster, 1| mile (N. by W.)
from Durrow, on the road from that place to Roscrea ;
containing 1114 inhabitants. It comprises '2765 statute
acres, of which about 250 are waste and bog ; the re-
mainder is arable and pasture land. Limestone is ob-
tained for building and burning. The living is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, and in the pa-
tronage of the family of Fitzpatrick : the tithe rent-
charge is £105. 16. The church, a neat building, but
not in good repair, was erected in 1809. by aid of a
gift of £500 from the Board of First Fruits, which also
contributed, in 1829, to the building of the glebe-house :
the glebe comprises 306a. 'ir. 23p. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions this parish forms part of the district of
Aghavoe. St. Columb is said to have founded an abbey
here in 558.
KILLERORAN.— See Killararan.
KILLERSHERDINY, or Kildrumsherdan, a
parish, in the union of Cootebill, barony of Tullagh-
garvey, county of Cavan, and province of L'lster, '2^
miles (S. W.) from Cootehill, on the road to Cavan ;
containing 10,208 inhabitants. It is also called Kil-
sherdany, and comprises 16,61S| statute acres, of which
about 4860 are arable, 8940 are meadow and pasture,
320 woodlaud, 107^ water, and the remainder bog; the
system of agriculture is improved. There are quarries
of common whinstone, which is raised for building, and
for repairing the roads : a lead-mine was formerly
worked by the Irish Mining Company, but, being found
unprofitable, has been discontinued. A remnant of the
linen manufacture is still carried on in the parish, and
there are several corn-mills. Charters are extant for
four annual fairs, but one only is held, in the village of
Tully vin, on the 4th of May, for cattle ; in that \ illage
is a receiving-house for letters in connexion with Coote-
hill and Stradone. The living is a vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Kilraore, and in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the rectory is impropriate in the representatives of
Richard, Earl of Westroeath : the tithe rent-charge is
£360, of which £172. 10. are payable to the impropri-
ator, and the remainder to the vicar. The church was
built in 1795, by a gift of £500 from the Board of First
Fruits ; it has been in a dilapidated state for some
years, and has been condemned. The glebe-house was
built in 1816, by a gift from the same Board of £100,
K I L— L E
and a loan of £1125 ; the glebe comprises 2S5 acres.
The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of
the Established Church ; the chapel was built in IS'25,
at an expense of £"00. Nearly 500 children are taught
in four public schools : the parochial schools are sup-
ported by the vicar ; and one at TuUyvin is endowed
with £50 per annum late currency, and a house for the
master. There are several forts in the parish, supposed
by some to be Danish, but by others to have been raised
by the native Irish as a defence against those invaders ;
and on the several hills on which they are situated,
ancient coins have been found. In the demesne of Tul-
lyvin is a vault, in which are 23 coffins, containing the
remains of deceased members of the families of Moore
and Boyle ; on the townland of Curravilla is a chaly-
beate spring, now in disuse.
KILLERY, a parish, in the barony of Tiraghrill,
union and county of Sligo, and province of Con-
naught, 4 miles (S. W.) from Dromahaire, on the road
from that place to CoUooney, and on Lough Gill ; con-
taining S'JQS inhabitants. It comprises 9094^ statute
acres ; the land is of good quality, principally under
tillage, and there is some bog and excellent limestone.
Fairs are held at Ballintogher on Jan. 22nd, June Sth,
July 2Sth, Oct. 17th, and Dec. Sth ; and a manorial
court is held there occasionally. Oldcastle, the seat of
the Neynoe family, was erected on the site of the old
castle of Kingsfort ; near it is a strong chalybeate spa.
Killery is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardagh, united to
that of Killenumery ; the rectory is impropriate in M.
Baker, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is £"2. 14., one-
third payable to the impropriator, and two-thirds to the
vicar. The church is a plain building, erected in 1*15.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Killenumery, and has a chapel at Bal-
lintobber. There are some remains of the old church of
Killery, with a large burial-ground ; and of an ancient
castle at Drunicondra.
KILLESANDRA, a market and post town, and a
parish, in the barony of Tulloghonoho, union and
county of Cavan, and province of Ulster, 9 miles (\V.)
from Cavan, and 64 (N. W.) from Dublin, on the road
to Ballinamore ; containing, with the district parish of
Arvagh, 12,552 inhabitants, of whom 1085 are in the
town. This town, which is situated near the river
Croghan and contains 207 houses, is neatly built, and
has a cheerful and thriving appearance. The linen
manufacture, which is carried on extensively in the
neighbourhood, has contributed greatly to its prosperity;
and, upon an average, coarse linens are sold in its
market to the amount of £1500 weekly. The market
is on Wednesday, and is abundantly supplied with pro-
visions; fairs are held on Jan. 28th, March 2Sth, May
9th, June 22nd, July ]5th, the second Wednesday in
August (O. S.), Sept. 28th, and Nov. Sth. The market-
house is a very neat and well-arranged building. A
chief constabulary police force is stationed in the town ;
a manorial court is held occasionally, and petty-sessions
every alternate Thursday. In the excise arrangements
the town is within the district of Drogheda.
The parish comprises 22,241 statute acres ; 500 are
woodland, and 1212 water, of which latter 74 are in
Lough Oughtee. The surface is boldly undulating, and,
in the southern part, rises into mountainous elevations,
above which Bruce Hill is pre-eminent ; not far from
108
K I L— L E
the town is the steep mountain of Corhill. The lands
are chiefly under tillage, and the soil is tolerably fertile,
but the system of agriculture is very indifferent ; there
is a large extent of bog. Freestone is quarried for
building ; and in several parts are indications of coal,
but no attempt has been yet made to work it. The
river Croghan, in the lower part of the parish, winds
through a delightful tract of country into the magnifi-
cent lakes of Killesandra. Adjoining the town is Castle-
Hamilton, a spacious mansion surrounded by an exten-
sive and highly embellished demesne. The living is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore, and in
the patronage of the Provost and Fellows of Trinity
College, Dublin : the tithe rent-charge is £495. The
parochial church, a very ancient structure, in a state of
dilapidation, has been rebuilt at a cost of £1853, of
which £1568 were from the funds of the Ecclesiastical
Commission. The glebe-house has a glebe of 537 acres
attached to it, but situated in another part of the parish.
There is a chapel of ease at Derrylane, built in 1S33, by
aid of a gift of £800 from the Board of First Fruits, and
£100 from Lord Farnham. The Roman Catholic parish
is co-extensive with the ancient parish of Killesandra :
there are two chapels, situated in the town and at Cor-
ronee ; also a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists
in the town. Mrs. Jackson bequeathed £10 per annum
to be divided by the rector among ten poor house-
keepers. There are numerous raths in the parish. Dr.
Hales, author of a work on chronology, and other scien-
tific works, was rector of this parish.
KILLESHER, a parish, in the union of Ennis
KiLLEN, barony of Glenawley, county of Fermanagh,
and province of Ulster ; containing 5225 inhabitants,
According to the Ordnance survey it comprises, with
certain islands in Lower Lough M'^Nean, 24,936^ sta
tute acres, of which 24^ are in Lough Erne and smal
loughs, and 642^ are in Lower Lough M'^Nean : there
is a considerable quantity of bog and mountain land
Fairs are held at Whitehill on May 13th, July 13th
Sept. nth, and Nov. 11th. Florence Court, the beau
tiful mansion of the Earl of Enniskillen, stands in a
large and finely planted demesne : near it is a receiving
house for letters in connexion with Enniskillen. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kil
more, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £150. The church is a tolerably large
building, repaired in 1S19, by aid of a loan of £600 from
the late Board of First Fruits. There is no glebe-house :
the glebe comprises 1300 acres. The Roman Catholic
parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church, and has a chapel at Whitehill, and one at the
Crossroads : there are also two places of worship for
Wesleyan Methodists. About 460 children are educated
in six schools, of which three are supported by the Earl
of Enniskillen, who also aids a fourth ; and there are
two Sunday schools. Here are some mineral springs and
remarkable caves ; also the ruins of the old church.
KILLESHILL, Killishil, or Killeshal, a parish,
in the union and barony of Dungannon, county of
Tyrone, and province of Ulster, 6 miles (S. W.) from
Dungannon, on the road from that place to Ballygawley ;
containing 4985 inhabitants. This parish was formed
by order of council in 1732, by separating 27 townlands
from the parish of Carrenteel, and Archbishop Robinson
endowed the living with the townland of Glencal for a
K I L— L E
K 1 L— L E
glfbc", which was eventually exchanged for the present
glebe adjoining the church. The parish comprises
QHSOi statute acres. About half the land is arable,
one-fourth pasture, and the remainder bog and waste ;
limestone is abundant, and is burnt for manure. The
soil is cold and thin, but is well cultivated ; the inha-
bitants combine weaving with their agricultural pursuits.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, and in
the gift of the Lord Primate ; the tithe rent-charge is
£225. The church is a small neat edifice, built in 1*68
by aid of a gift of £481 from the late Board of First
Fruits. The glebe-house was erected in IS06, at an
expense exceeding £1700, by the then incumbent : the
glebe comprises ol4a. 3r. 26/). In the Roman Catholic
divisions this parish forms part of the district of Do-
naghmore ; it has no chapel, but an altar in the open
air. There are places of worship for Presbyterians in
connexion with the General Assembly. The parochial
school is on Erasmus Smith's foundation, and is aided
by the rector ; the late Rev. D. Kelly contributed £50
towards the erection of the school-house : there are
other public schools, two of which are aided by a dona-
tion of £7 per annum from Colonel Sir W. Verner, and
two by £8 per annum from J. Gough, Esq.
KILLESHIN, a parish, in the union of Carlow,
barony of Slievmarcve, Queen's county, and province
of Leinster ; containing, with a part of the suburbs of
Carlow, called Graigue, 5278 inhabitants. It comprises
10,905^: statute acres, and, with the exception of about
40 acres of woodland and 200 of bog, consists of arable
and pasture land : the agriculture is good ; and the
mountains, which rise 1000 feet above the river Barrow,
are cultivated to their summits. Sandstone and lime-
stone are found here, and extensive collieries are
worked : there were formerly smelting-furnaces, which
were discontinued for want of fuel. The chief seats are
Springhill, Ardcleagh, Barno, Everton, and Old Derig.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Leighlin ; the rectory is in the patronage of the Crown,
and the vicarage in that of the Bishop, but they are held
by one incumbent : the net income amounts to £332.
The church has been rebuilt, and is a very handsome
edifice in the early English style ; the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners gave £S00 towards defraying the ex-
pense, and private subscriptions were added to a large
amount : it has a neat organ, and an excellent choir.
From the churchyard, which has been tastefully laid
out, and planted with flowers, shrubs, and forest-trees,
is a fine prospect of Carlow and its environs ; and the
view from the old church is also beautiful. In the
Roman Catholic divisions this parish is the head of a
district, comprising also the parish of Slatey, and has
chapels at Graigue and Killeshiu, the latter of which
stands on an artificial mound and has octagon towers
at the corners. Here is a very strong chalybeate spring,
which was formerly in high repute. The ruins of the
old parish church have an ornamented entrance, encir-
cled with an illegible inscription in Irish characters ;
and near it is the site of an ancient round tower ; also
the remarkable " Cut of Killeshin," which is a pass on
the road from Carlow to the collieries, carried through
a lofty hill for more than half a mile, and from 10 to 40
feet deep and 21 wide. Within the parish are some
ruins which seem to be the foundations of the public
buildings of an ancient town. At Old Derig was the
residence of Dr. James Doyle, Roman Catholic bi>!hop
of Kildare and Leighlin, whose letters signed J. K. L.
were written there. — See Graiouk.
KILLESK, a parish, in the union of Enniscorthy,
barony of Ballaghkeen, county of Wexfouu, and
province of Lkinster, 2 miles (s.) from Oulart, (jn the
road from that place to Wexford; containing 1266
inhabitants. This parish comprises 403"^ statute acres,
and contains abundance of limestone-gravel and marl ;
the system of agriculture is improving. It is an impro-
priate curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, forming part of
the union of Castle-Ellis ; the rectory is impropriate in
the Earl of Portsmouth. The tithe rent-charge is
£123. 1. 8., of which £65. 1". 8. are payable to the im-
propriator, and the remainder to the curate. In the
Roman Catholic divisions Killesk forms part of the
liberties of Oulart and Castlebridge. Elks' horns of
very large dimensions have been found.
KILLESK, a parish, in the barony of Shelbur.ne,
union of New Ross, county of Wexford, and province
ofLEiNSTER, 7 miles (S. E.) from New Ross; contain-
ing 1067 inhabitants, and 2820 statute acres. It is a
rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, and patronage of Lord
Templemore, granted in 1702, in augmentation of the
impropriate curacies of Dunbrody, St. James, and Rath-
roe : the tithe rent-charge is £234. 5. 6., and there is a
glebe of about two acres. In the Roman Cathohc divi-
sions it forms part of the district of Suttons. Here are
some remains of a castle said to have been built by
Hervey de Monteraarisco.
KILLESKEY, or Kilhskey, a parish, in the union
of Rathdrum, barony of Newcastle, county of W'ick-
Low, and province of Leinster, 1 mile (N. W. byW.)
from Ashford ; on the river Vartrey, and the coach-road
from Dublin to Wexford; containing 221 1 inhabitants,
of whom 15" are in the village. This parish, which in
its civil relations is also a consfablewick, comprises
9231:1 statute acres. A large portion of the land in the
occupation of resident proprietors is in the highest state
of cultivation, and the system of agriculture is generally
improved ; there is neither bog nor waste land, except
some tracts of mountain, which maybe easily reclaimed.
The surrounding country is remarkable for the boldness
and impressive magnificence of its features ; and within
the limits of the parish are several gentlemen's seats.
Gk-nmoTe, the splendid residence of the Synge family, is
a handsome and spacious castellated mansion, with em-
battled parapets, above which rises a lofty round tower,
flanking the principal fayade, in the centre of which is a
square gateway tower forming the chief entrance ; it was
erected by the late F. Synge, Esq., and occupies an emi-
nence sloping gently towards the sea, near the opening
of the Devil's Glen, and surrounded by a richly planted
demesne, commanding a fine view of St. George's Chan-
nel, and the castle, town, and lighthouses of Wicklow,
with the intervening country thickly studded with gen-
tlemen's seats ; and in the foreground, the church rising
in the midst of flourishing plantations. Balti/ciirrij, a
highly cultivated demesne, extends along one side of the
Devil's Glen, opposite to the demesne of Glenmore.
Iitchhiappa, a modernised house, is decorated with a
portico of the Tuscan order, and is pleasingly situated
in grounds tastefully laid out. Dunran commands a
view of the sea and of the picturesque glen of that name.
The other residences are, Kiltimon, finely situated on an
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eminence commanding a good sea view, including the
lighthouses and Head of Wicklow ; Ballyhenry House, a
handsome building, from which is an interesting pro-
spect over the Devil's Glen and Ballycurry demesne ;
Kiltoushter, a pleasing villa finely situated ; and Broom-
field, ?ommanding a view of the town and Head of
Wicklow, and the demesne of Rosanna.
The parish is in the diocese of Dublin. The rectory
forms part of the union and corps of the prebend of
Wicklow in the cathedral church of St. Patrick, Dublin;
and there is also a chapelry, in the patronage of the
Prebendary, who receives the entire tithe rent-charge,
amounting to £'283. 1.5., and pays the curate's stipend.
The church, a remarkably neat structure in the later
English style, was erected (at Nun's Cross) in 18)8, by
the late F. Synge, Esq., assisted by a gift of £800 and
a loan of £1000 from the Board of First Fruits, and
by subscriptions of the resident gentry ; the Ecclesias-
tical Commissioners recently granted £4^6 for its en-
largement. All the sittings, with the exception of eight
pews for the principal families, are free ; a monument
to the memory of the founder has been placed in the
chancel. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Wicklow ; the chapel is a
neat building, at Ballinahinch. The late C. Tottenham,
Esq., bequeathed for the use of the poor, £10 per annum
charged on his estate of Ballycurry. On the lauds of
Dunran are the ruins of an ancient castle, formerly be-
longing to the O'Byrnes ; and during the disturbances
of 179.S, the insurgents, after their defeat at Newtown-
Mount-Kennedy, Took refuge here, but were soon after
driven out with great loss.
The neighbourhood is chiefly celebrated for the variety
and beauty of its scenery ; it lies on the east side of
that vast extent of mountain which forms the centre
of the county of Wicklow, and is interspersed witli
numerous deep glens and mountain hollows, which,
accordingly as they have been improved by art, or left
in a state of nature, either excite emotions of pleasure
and surprise, or of awe and apprehension. Of these,
Dunran is particularly celebrated as combining both
characters, in an eminent degree : it is a very deep glen,
from one side of which, barren and rugged rocks project
in every variety of fantastic form, while vast heaps of
massive fragments are spread beneath. Among these
rocks is one of immense bulk, which appears to threaten
all below it, and which, from its striking resemblance
in form to a mitre, is called the Bishop's Rock. The
opposite side of the glen is richly clothed with wood,
having been phmted in almost every part of it by the
late Lord Rossmore with forest-trees of every kind.
Farther along the base of the mountain, the glen ex-
pands to the left ; and to the right is another glen,
similarly dividing the mountain, and having in its re-
cesses a beautiful winding lake. Near the entrance of
the latter is a pathway leading by a gradual ascent to an
elevated lawn, on which is a cottage for the refreshment
of visiters, beyond which the path is continued to the
View, or Spy Rock, commanding' a fine view over a
foreground of vast extent and diversified beauty, termi-
nated in the distance by the sea, and the mountains of
North Wales, which may be distinctly seen in clear
weather. The view from the summit of Dunran is still
mure splendid, comprehending, in addition to the
former, the picturesque mountains on the northern
K I L— L E
coast, with those of Dublin, Bray Head, and the long
wild range of mountains to the west. The Devil's Glen,
a deep rocky chasm inclosed on both sides by lofty and
precipitous cliffs, among which, wherever they could
take root, have been planted firs of all kinds, beech,
oak, sycamore, and other forest-trees, presents an as-
semblage of features highly picturesque. The various
hues of the foliage contrast powerfully with intervening
masses of bare rock ; and the river Vartrey, a mountain
torrent, on its entering the glen, descends from a height
of nearly 100 feet, forming several beautiful falls before
it reaches its narrow rocky bed. Through the upper
vista above these falls are seen the distant mountains ;
and from a walk which has been formed by the pro-
prietor of Glenmore at a considerable height above the
bed of the river, a comprehensive view of the whole
glen is obtained, and some of the finest sweeps are seen
to great advantage. Another walk was made by the
same gentleman, in 1835, leading to many parts of the
glen, and commanding some of its most interesting
features. Near the village of Ashford, about a mile
from the glen, is a small but comfortable hotel and
posting-house. There are several other glens in this
very wild and romantic part of the county, all strongly
marked with features of interest and beauty. Of these,
Balhjvolan has been but recently planted : there are two
singular caverns in this glen, called the " Robbers'
Caves ;" and on a farm at its southern extremity are
some small remains of Ballyvolan Fort, said to have
been the asylum of James H. on his flight from the
battle of the Boyne, previously to his reaching Shelton
Abbey. Coins, swords, spurs, arrow-heads, stone balls
covered with lead, and various other relics have been
found near this spot ; and in a contiguous field are the
ruins of the ancient chapel of Kilmartin. In this field
were found, in 1835, several skeletons, and portions of
burnt wood ; and in a marl-pit, on the same town-
land, a horn of very large size was found about twenty-
seven years since, filled with silver coins of the reign
of Elizabeth. There are remains of old churches at
Killeskey, Kilfea, KiDoughter, and Trinity, near which
last is a holy well.
KILLESTER, a parish, in the union of North
Dublin, barony of Coolock, county of Dublin, and
province of Leinster, 3 miles (X. E.) from Dublin ;
containing 456 inhabitants, and comprising '27 9^: statute
acres. This parish commands fine views of the Dublin
and Wicklow mountains, and the bay of Dublin ; and
contains several seats. The principal are, Killester
House, in which are incorporated the remains of an old
abbey, and in the demesne of which is a fine grove of
lime-trees ; Maryville ; W^oodville ; Hollybrook House ;
HoUybrook Park ; Killester Lodge ; Clontarf Strand ;
and Oatley. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of
Dublin, appropriate to the economy estate of Christ
Church cathedral, Dublin : the tithe rent-charge is
£15. 15. In the Roman Catholic divisions it forms
part of the district of Clontarf. There are some remains
of the church, which, from its circular arches, appears
to be very ancient.
KILLEVALLY, a village, in the parish of New-
town, union of Mullingar, barony of Moycashel,
county of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, ^ a
mile (W.) from Tyrrel's-Pass, and on the road from
Dublin to Athlone; containing 23 houses, and 121 in-
K I L— L E
K I L-L I
habitants. It has a small linen manufacture ; and fairs
are helii on June r2th and Oct. '23rd.
KILLEVEY, or Kilsleve, a parish, in the union
of Newry, partly in the barony of Lower Orior, but
chiefly in that of Upper Orior, county of Armagh,
and province of Ulster, 4 miles (\V.) from Newry ;
containing 1~,789 inhabitants. It comprises 28,1"4
statute acres, of which about 21,440 are arable and
pasture, 190 water, and 6300 mountain and bog : the
mountain of Slieve Gullion separates this parish from
Forkhill, and rises to the height of 1S93 feet ab().\e the
level of the sea. The system of agriculture h^s been
much improved recently. Whinstone and grey granite
are extensively worked for building, and porphyry is
also found. There is a communication with Lough
Neagh by the Newry canal and the river Bann. The
principal scats are, Drumbaiiagher Castle, a handsome
residence erected in the Italian style, from a design by
W. H. Playfair, Esq., of Scotch freestone, and situated
in an extensive and richly planted demesne ; and Kil-
levey Castle, built in the Gothic style. The living is a
rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, constituting the
corps of the preceutorship of Armagh cathedral, and in
the patronage of the Lord-Primate ; the tithe rent-
charge, including that of the perpetual curacies of Cam-
lough and Meigh, is £1063. 4. 8. The parish includes
the districts of Caralough and Meigh, and has four
churches, situated at Cloughinny, Camlough, Meigh,
and Drumbanagher. The church at Drumbanagher was
used as the parochial church till 183'2, when one was
built at Cloughinny, by a loan of £'2000 from the Board
of First Fruits ; the latter is a spacious cruciform struc-
ture, in the later English style. The glebe comprises
10.50 statute acres, mostly unimprovable mountain land.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in
the district of Forkhill, but chiefly in that of Camlough,
and has a chapel at Lissunimon.
Not far from Drumbanagher Castle are the remains
of a very extensive camp, which was the principal ren-
dezvous of the Earl of Tyrone's army in the reign of
Elizabeth ; and near it is Tuscan's Pass, a most im-
portant station in early times, connecting the country
of the O'Hanlons with that of the Maginnises. On the
summit of Slieve Gullion is a large cairn, which on
recent examination was found to be one of the sepul-
chral monuments of the ancient Irish, and is supposed
to have contained the remains of Cualgne, son of
Breogan, a Milesian chieftain, who fell in battle on the
plain beneath, and from whom the mountain and the
surrounding district most probably derived their name.
Near the cairn, and also on the summit of Slieve Gul-
lion, is a pool called the Loch, about 60 yards in
diameter, which, together with the cairn, forms the
subject of a poem ascribed to Ossian, in which " Fionn-
Mac-Cumhall," or Fingal, and his heroes, make a con-
spicuous figure ; the poem is called Luoi-iia-Sealga, or
" the Chace," and is among the translations of Irish
poems bv Miss Brooke.
KILLEVOLANE.— See Kilvolane.
KILLEYMUR, or Killimer, a parish, in the union
of Kilrush, barony of Clonderlaw, county of Clare,
and province of Munster, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Kil-
rush, and on the river Shannon; containing 3241 in-
habitants. It comprises 6303 statute acres, principally
under tillage : the land is generally good, and there is a
111
small quantity of bog ; sea-weed is used as manure. At
Money- Point is a quarry which produces 16 000 yards
of flagging annually, valued at £22.'j0 ; the material is
a fine hard, close-grained, gritty substance, varying from
1^ to 4 inches in thickness, and of from 10 to 20 super-
ficial feet. The principal seats are, Burrane House,
Donogrogue Castle, Caradole, and Besborough. The
parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, forming
part of the union of Kilmurry-Clonderlaw ; the rectory
is partly impropriate in the representatives of Lord
Castlecoote, and partly forms a portion of the rectorial
union of Kilrush. The tithe rent-carge is £1.'>2. 6., of
which £41. 10. 9. are payable to the rector of Kilrush,
£48. 9. 3. to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
vicar: there is a glebe of one acre. In the Roman
Catholic divisions Killcymur forms part of the district
of Kilrush, and contains a chapel. The ruins of the
parish church, and of another small church or chapel,
still exist.
KILLIAN, or Killyan, a parish, in the union of
Ballinasloe, barony of Killian, county of Galway,
and province of Conxaigbt, 4 miles (N. E.) from
Caltra, and on the road from Roscommon to Mount-
Bellew; containing 56*1 inhabitants. It comprises
13,565 statute acres, including a considerable quantity
of bog, which, when reclaimed, forms moderately good
land. The principal seats arc Killyan, Kentstown,
Riversdale, Ballybane, and St. Brendan'.-?, which takes
its name from a well dedicated to that saint. The
village of Ballinamore, on the river Shiven, in this
parish, has a daily post to Ahascragh, and a fair on the
21st of August. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Elphin, episcopally united, in 1811, to the vicarage
of Killararan, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
rectory is impropriate in the representatives of Lord
Kingsland. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £129,
which is equally divided between the impropriators and
the vicar ; and the entire rent-charge of the vicarial
benefice is £120. There is no church ; divine service
is performed once on Sundays in the police barrack of
Ballinamore. In the Roman Catholic divisions this
parish is the head of a district, comprising also part of
Kilronan, and containing a chapel in each : there is a
small Carmelite friary at Togherger.
KILLIANE, county of Galw-.vy. — See Killane.
KILLIANE, a parish, in the barony of Forth,
union and county of Wexford, and province of Lein-
ster, 2|- miles (S. S. E.) from Wexford, on the road
from that place to Rosslare ; containing 280 inhabitant's.
It comprises 1074 statute acres, which are partly under
tillage, but chiefly in pasture : the soil is good, and well
cultivated, and there is abundance of limestone and
marl. Killiane Castle is on the shore of Wexford
haven, of which it commands a pleasing view. The
parish is in the diocese of Ferns, and is an impropriate
curacy, forming part of the union of Killinick ; the
rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Portsmouth, and
the tithe rent-charge is £51. 8. 6., of which £13. 2. 9.
are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to
the curate. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Piercestown. Tlie church
is in ruins ; and there are also the remains of a chapel,
with a small burial-ground attached, near Killiane
Castle, supposed to have been the cemetery of the
ancient proprietors.
K I L— L I
KILLILAGH.— See Killelagh.
KILLILANE, or St. Helens, a parish, in the
barony of Forth, union and county of Wexford, and
province of Leinster, 10 miles (S. E.) from Wexford,
and near the southern extremity of the bay of Rosslare ;
containing 2'^2'2 inhabitants. This parish, which for
civil purposes forms part of Kilrane, comprises 6/ Of
statute acres, and is chiefly in tillage ; sea-weed is used
as manure. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns,
forming part of the union of Tacumshane and the corps
of the chancellorship : the tithe rent-charge is £36. 18.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the district of Tagat, or Kilrane.
KILLILEAGH. — See Killyle.\gh, Armagh.
KILLILOGUE, commonly called Kerlogue, a pa-
rish, in the barony of Forth, union and county of Wex-
ford, and province of Leinster, 1 mile (S.) from
Wexford, on the road from that place to Killinick ;
containing 116 inhabitants. It comprises ^69 statute
acres, principally under tillage ; and is watered by a
small stream that falls into Wexford harbour, near
which a thin vein of copper-ore was found about 30
years since. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns,
united by act of council, in 17'2'2, to St. Patrick's, Wex-
ford : the tithe rent-charge is £9- In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Wexford.
KILLILY, or Killeely, a parish, in the barony of
DuNKELLiN, union and county of Galway, and pro-
vince of Connavght, 4 miles (S.) from Oranmore,
on the road from that place to Ardrahan ; containing
17-10 inhabitants, and 6'23'2| statute acres. It is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmacduagh, forming part
of the union of Kilcolgan ; the rectory is appropriate to
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, the archdeaconry of
Kilmacduagh, the prebend of Kinvarra in the cathedral
of that see, and the vicarage. The tithe rent-charge of
the parish is £94. 10. In the Roman Catholic divisions
it forms part of the district of Kinvarra, and contains a
chapel.
KILLIMER.— See Killeymer.
KILLIMORE-BOLLOGE, a parish, in the union of
Ballinasloe, barony of Longford, county of Gal-
way, and province of Connaught, 7^ miles (W. S. W.)
from Eyrccourt, on the road from that place to Lough-
rea ; containing 4140 inhabitants. The parish com-
prises 92'20 statute acres, including a considerable
quantity of bog. There is a constabulary police station ;
also a receiving-house for letters, in connexion with
Eyrccourt; and fairs are held on Jan. 1st, March I'th,
June 'jgth, .Sept. '29th, and Nov. •22nd. The principal
seats are Heathlawn, Hearnesbrooke, and Rathmore.
The parish is a vicarage in the diocese of Clonfert,
forming part of the union of Dononaughta ; the rectory
is appropriate: the tithe rent-charge is £14.5. 10., of
which £6'2. 6. are payable to the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners, and the remainder to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions it is the head of a district,
comprising also Tyrenascragh, and containing a chapel
in each parish.
KILLIMORE-DALY, a parish, in the union of
Loi(aiREA, partly in the barony of Athenry, partly in
that of TvAuviN, but chiefly in that of Kilconnell,
county of Galway, and province of Connaught, 4i
miles (E.) from Athenry, on the road from that place to
112
K I L— L I
Kilconnell; containing 2029 inhabitants, and 10,212i
statute acres. The principal seats are, Killimor Castle,
the seat of the Daly family, now vested in the Rev. N.
Devereux, grandson of the late Hyacinth Daly, Esq. ;
Cloncah ; and Anne Ville. The parish is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Clonfert, forming part of the union of
Aughrim ; the rectory is appropriate to the see and
deanery of Clonfert, and to the vicarage. The tithe
rent-charge is £S1. 13. 10., of which £15. 4. S. are
payable to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, £11. 1. 6.
to the dean, and the remainder to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Kiltullagh, and has a chapel.
KILLINAGH, a parish, in the union of Enniskil-
LEN, barony of Tullaghagh, county of Cavan, and
province of Ulster, 7^ miles (E. by S.) from Manor-
Hamilton, and on Lough Macnean ; containing 6512
inhabitants. It comprises 24,783f statute acres, includ-
ing 9S2f under water, of which 42f are in Lower and
SO65: in Upper Lough Macnean. The living is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Kilmore, and in the patronage of
the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in Major Saun-
ders, and the tithe rent-charge is £197, of which £97
are payable to the vicar. The church was erected in
I7S6, by aid of a gift of £390 from the late Board of
First Fruits, and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners re-
cently granted £163 for its repair. The Roman Catholic
parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church, and has a chapel at Killinagh, and one at
Doobally. There is a place of worship for Primitive
Methodists. A number of schools are under either the
National Board or the Church Education Society ; and
there are two Sunday schools.
KILLINANE, a parish, partly in the barony of
Idrone East, but chiefly in that of Idrone West,
union and county of Carlow, and province of Lein-
ster, 1^ mile (S. W.) from Bagnalstown, and on the
road from Gowran to Carlow ; containing SIS inhabit-
ants. The parish comprises 22645 statute acres. Mal-
colmville, a seat here, is situated on rising ground above
the Barrow, and commands extensive views. The living
is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighhn, forming the
corps of the chancellorship, and in the gift of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £202. 10. This parish
is annexed, under the provisions of the act of the 4th
of George IV., c. 86, to the parish of Wells, and the
inhabitants enjoy all the rights of its church, as if they
were parishioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions
Killinane forms part of the district of Old Leighlin.
KILLINANE, a parish, in the union of Gort,
partly in the barony of Loughrea, but chiefly in that
of Dunkellin, county of Galway, and province of
Connaught, 5h miles (S. W.) from Loughrea, on the
road from that place to Gort ; containing 1033 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 576O5 statute acres, including about
200 acres of bog. Here are the seats of Roxboro' and
Castleboy, near each of which are the ruins of an old
castle. Killinane is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kil-
macduagh, consolidated by act of council, in 17'26, with
the vicarages of Kilthomas, Kilchrist, Iserkelly, Killo-
gilleen, and Killora, and in the alternate patronage of
the Marquess of Clanricarde and the Bishop ; the rec-
tory is appropriate to the see. The tithe rent-charge of
the parish is £84. 7. 6., of which £18. 7. 6. are payable
to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the remainder
K I L— L I
K I L— L I
to the vicar. The church of the union, situated in the
demesne of Castleboy, and erected by subscription and
assessment in 1*97, is a small building, for the repairs
of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted
£■285. The glebe-house, in Kilchrist, was erected by
aid of a gift of f;jOO and a loan of £500, in 1S16, from
the Board of First Fruits : the glebe comprises about
19 acres.
KILLINANE, a parish, in the union of Cahirci-
VEEN, barony of Iveragh, county of Kerry, and pro-
vince of MvNSTER, 4 miles (N. E.) from Cahirciveen,
on the road to Milltown ; containing 3.569 inhabitants.
This parish is situated on the southern shore of Dingle
bay, and at the inner extremity of the harbour of Va-
lencia : it comprises '.J6,868 statute acres, of which 5030
consist of arable land, 75SO of mountain jiasture, and
the remainder (with the exception of about 40 acres of
woodland) of rocky mountain, waste, and bog. Towards
the sea arc mountains of great elevation, afforiiing
pasture during the summer months ; the intervening
valleys are coarse and rocky, with only a small propor-
tion of tillage. On one of the mountains is a remark-
able prominence called "The Hag's Tooth," on the
north side of which are some small romantic lakes.
The sea on the north-east forms several creeks ; that of
Kells affords shelter to small vessels, and near it is a
coast-guard station, being one of the four included in
the district of Valencia. The river Fahrta, which rises
near the south-east end of the parish, is navigable for
boats a considerable way up from the harbour of Va-
lencia, affording great facility for the conveyance of
sea-weed and sand ; the latter, which is brought from
Begnis Island, is of superior quality, and constitutes a
valuable manure. The parish is in the diocese of Ard-
fert and Aghadoe, and is a rectory, forming part of the
imion of Cahir : the tithe rent-charge is £1^0. 12., and
there is a glebe of 6li acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Killinane is part of the district of Cahirciveen ;
there is a chapel at Tielmore. At Deelis is a school-
house with apartments for the master, built in 1833, at
the expense of Mrs. Raymond, for the education of the
male children of her tenantry, and endowed by her with
£20 per annum. The ruins of the old church still
remain, in the burial-ground at Seugrany.
KILLINARDRISH, a hamlet, in the parish of Can-
N.\WAY, union of jMacroom, barony of East Muskerry,
county of Cork, and province of Mv.nster, 5 miles (E.)
from Macroom ; containing about 65 inhabitants. This
village is beautifully situated on the south bank of the
river Lee, and is connected with Carrigadroiiid by an
ancient bridge. It consists of a few neat cottages with
gardens, and was formed by R. B. Crooke, Esq. It is
a constabulary police station, and near it is a sub-post
office to Cork and Macroom : fairs have been long esta-
blished.
KILLINCARRIG, a village, in the parish of Del-
GANY', union and barony of Rathdow.v, county of
WiCKLOW, and province of Leinster, 5 a mile (E. X. E.)
from Delgany, and on the road from Bray to Wicklow ;
containing 31 houses, and 179 inhabitants. Killincar-
rick House is situated in grounds tastefully laid out
and commanding very fine mountain and sea views : in
the demesne are the ivy-dad remains of an ancient
castle, in which several silver coins of William III. were
discovered in 1833. Here is an extensive flour-mill.
Vol. II.— 1 13
KILLIN'CIIY, a post-town and parish, in the union
of Dow.M'ATRiCK, partly in the barony of Dukkeri.v,
but chiefly in the baronies of Ui-per and Lower Cas-
TLEKEAGH, couuty of DowN, and province of Ulster,
9 miles (X.) from Down|)atrick, and 9'- (N. N. E.) from
Dublin, on the road from Downpatrick to Belfast ; con-
taining 7470 inhabitants. It comprises 13,686 statute
acres, of which 6437^ (including the islands of Duncey
and Island More in Sfrangford Lough, and 75j acres in
that lough) are in the barony of Dufferin ; of the re-
mainder 3281 are in Lower Castlereagh, and 4H7j
(including 50^ of water) in Upper Castlereagh. The
land is chiefly in tillage, and in a high state of cultiva-
tion ; there is no waste land, and but little bog : clay-
slate abounds, and a thin scam of coal is visible at the
lough. There are several corn-mills ; and fairs are held
in the town on Jan. 5th, April 6th, July 6th, and Oct.
5th ; it is a constabulary police station, and has a sub-
post office to Comber and Killyleagh. Petty-sessions
are held in the court-house on alternate Saturdays.
At the White Rocks is a small but excellent harbour,
with a small pier, at which vessels of 80 tons can load,
and from which a considerable quantity of agricultural
produce is exported.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Down, and in
the alternate patronage of Viscount Bangor and the
Earl of Carrick : the tithe rent-charge is £600. The
church, a large and handsome edifice with a square
embattled tower, situated on an eminence, was built in
1830, at an expense of £900, whereof one-half was
raised by subscription, and the remainder by parochial
assessment. The glebe-house was built in 1789, by the
then incumbent, and there is a glebe of 12 acres. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Saintfield and Killinchy, and has a chapel
at Carrickmannon. There is a meeting-house for Pres-
byterians in connexion with the General Assembly.
The parochial schools are principally sujiported by the
rector ; the school-house, built in 1825, is a good plain
edifice, containing separate schoolrooms for boys and
girls, and residences for the master and mistress. There
are ten other public schools, six of which are connected
with the National Board ; the remaining four are aided
by annual donations from Lord Dufferin, D. Gordon,
Esq., and the rector. The Earl of Limerick, about
1730, gave part of the townland of Killinchy, which
now produces £300 per annum, to the Incorporated
School Society; and in ISIO, Major Potter bequeathed
£100 to the poor members of the Presbyterian meet-
ing house, among whom the interest is divided every
Christmas. Here are the remains of Balloo fort, near
which many silver coins of the reigns of John and other
monarchs were found in 1829 : the ancient castle of
the family of White stood on the site of Killinchy fort,
and in 1802 many silver and copper coins were found
in its vicinity. In the churchyard is the tomb of the
family of Bruce.
KILLINCOOLE, a parish, in the union of Drx-
DALK, barony and county of Lovth, and province of
Leinster, 4 miles (S. \V.) from Lurgan-Green, and on
the road from Ardee to Dundalk ; containing 697 inha-
bitants. It comprises 1397i statute acres, without any
waste land or bog ; it is mostly under tillage, and the
soil is good and well cultivated. Here are a flax and
an oatmeal mill. Stone is quarried for building, and
K I L— L I
repairing the roads. Tlie principal seats are Fane
Valley and Killincoole Castle. The living is a rectory,
in the diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the
Lord-Primate; the tithe rent-charge is £181. S. 8.
The church is a neat plain building, erected in 1799, by
aid of a gift of £600 from the late Board of First Fruits,
and has been repaired by a grant of £126 from the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners : the glebe-house is a
handsome residence built in 1790, on a glebe of 1.5|
acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish
forms part of the district of Darver and Dromiskin.
The ancient castle of Killincoole is a square building
with circular towers at the angles, and has a cave under
its eastern side, which is supposed to lead to a well.
KILLINEEN, or Killinan, a parish, in the union
of GoRT, barony of Dunkellin, county of Galwav,
and province of Coxnaught, 2i miles (W.) from Craugh-
well, on the road to Oranmore ; containing 1531 inha-
bitants. It comprises 4966f statute acres ; and is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmacduagh, forming part of
the union of Kilcolgan : the rectory is partly appro-
priate to the archdeaconry. The tithe rent-charge is
£100. 10., of which £19. 10. are payable to the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners, £47. 5. to the archdeacon, and
the remainder to the vicar.
KILLINEY, a parish, in the union and barony of
Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province of Lein-
STER, 2| miles (S. by E.) from Kingstown, and on the
road from Dublin to Bray ; containing 986 inhabitants.
This parish comprises 1334^ statute acres. The hills
of KiUiney command magnificent views of Howth,
Kmgstown, and Dublin bay ; the groves of Merrion and
Mount Anville, with part of Dublin, the Phoenix Park,
and the river Liifey ; KilJiuey bay, Bray Head, and the
two Sugar-Loaf mountains. They are visited by many
parties of pleasure in summer, at which season Killiney
and its vicinity are favourite places of residence, and
several pretty villas and rustic cottages have been erected
for such as may take up their abode here. There are
three hills, called " the Three Sisters," in one of which
was procured the stone for constructing Kingstown
harbour ; the second is of considerable elevation ; the
village of Killiney, which is in the parish of Kill,
occupies the south side of the third hill. The princi-
pal seats are, Loftus Hill, beautifully situated to the
north of the Killiney hills ; Laughlinstown House ;
Ballinclea ; Killiney Park ; Saintbury ; Kilmarnock ;
Ballybrack Grove ; Killiney House ; Marino ; Martello
Farm ; and Druid Cottage.
The parish is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of
Dublin, forming part of the union of Monkstown ; the
rectory forms part of the corps of the deanery of Christ
Church, Dublin, and the tithe rent-charge is £87. 1,5.9.,
of which £58. 10. 6. are payable to the dean, and the re-
mainder to the incumbent of Monkstown. By a pub-
lic act passed in the 9th of George IV. it was enacted
that a church, or chapel of ease to Monkstown, should
be erected at Killiney, and endowed with houses and
land in the village of Dalkey, which were taken from the
deanery. For some years divine service was performed
by the Rev. Charles Sleafer, the first chaplain (who was
appointed by the incumbent of Monkstown), in a private
house; but in 1834 a chapel of case was erected on a
site given by Sir Compton Domville, Barf., who also
gave a portion of glebe. It cost £1500, a gift from the
114
K I L— L I
Board of First Fruits, and is in the later English style,
built of the white granite that is found in great abund-
ance on the spot ; at the west end is an embattled tower
with pinnacles. There is no glebe-house ; the glebe
consists of nearly two acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisions this parish forms part of the district of Kings-
town. A dispensary in the village is maintained in the
customary manner. Near Killiney bay are two martello
towers and two batteries : the picturesque ruins of the
old church, covered with ivy, are also on the shore. In
Killiney Park and the grounds of Druid Cottage are
some interesting Druidical remains : stone coffins, and
urns of baked clay, were found in the grounds of Kil-
liney House, about the year 17S4; and ancient coins,
ornaments, and military weapons have been frequently
found here. Near Dorset Lodge is a pyramidical monu-
ment of granite, erected to mark the spot where the
fourth duke of Dorset lost his life accidentally, while
hunting, in 1315.
KILLINEY, county Kerry. — See Killeiny.
KILLINGLEY.— See Killanully.
KILLINICK, a parish, in the barony of Forth,
union and county of Wexford, and province of Lein-
ster, 4^: miles (S.) from Wexford, on the road to Ross-
lare; containing 611 inhabitants. It comprises 12831
statute acres, chiefly under tillage, and in a good state
of cultivation : there is a quarry of shingle, which is
used for repairing the roads. Coal and other commo-
dities are brought up in cots from Wexford harbour, by
an inlet navigable at spring tides : some of the inhabit-
ants on the banks of this inlet are engaged in fishing.
Fairs are held in the village on Easter-Monday, Whit-
Tuesday, April 8th, May 27th, Sept. 21st, and Nov.
30th : petty-sessions are held every fortnight or month,
on Tuesdays ; and here is a constabulary police station.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, united to
the rectory and vicarage of Maglass, and to the impro-
priate curacies of Killiane, Kilmocree, and St. Michael's ;
the tithe rent-charge is £77. 4., of which £2. 15. 10. are
payable to the impropriator, £63. 17. to the rector, and
the remainder to the rector of Ballybrennan. The
church, a modern structure with a handsome square
tower finished by spiral minarets, was built in 1828, by
a loan of £1100 from the Board of First Fruits ; it has
been lately much improved by a thorough repair. There
is no glebe-house ; the glebe comprises 7t statute acres.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part
of the district of Maglass, and has a neat chapel at
Ballymore. Ballyran Castle, situated about a quarter
of a mile south of the church, is the property of the Lett
family.
KILLINOR, KiLNENER, or Kilninor, a parish, in
the union and barony of Gorey, county of Wexford,
and province of Leinster, 4i miles (S. W.) from Ark-
low, on the old road from that place to Gorey ; con-
taining 1407 inhabitants. It comprises 64351^ statute
acres, and is chiefly in tillage. It is an impropriate
curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, united by episcopal
authority to Kilpipe ; the rectory is impropriate in Sir
Richard Steele, Bart. : the tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £93. 9. 3., of which £51. 18. 6. are payable to
the impropriator, and the remainder to the curate. Here
is a glebe-house, with a glebe of 17a. 37-. 20p. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Gorey, and has a chapel at Ballyfad.
K I L— L O
K 1 L-L O
KILLISHAL. Tyrone.— Sec Kii.lesiiill.
KILLISHANE.— Sec Kilshinane.
KILLISHY, or Killashke, a parish, partly in the
barony of North Naas, but chiefly in that of South
Naas, union of Naas, county of Kildake, and province
of Leinster, li mile (S.) from Naas, on the road from
that place to KilcuUen ; containing 8^5 inhabitants. It
comprises 4145 statute acres, of which 3998^ are in
South Naas. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Kildare, and in the patronage of the Bishop :
the tithe rent-charge is £l6l. 1. 4. The church is an
ancient building, connected with which is a still more
ancient tower, circular, on a square base. There is nei-
ther glebe nor glebe-house. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of New-
bridge, and has a neat chapel at Two-mile-town. A
religious house was founded here by St. Patrick, for his
nephew, St. Auxil, who died in 454 ; and close to the
churchyard are the remains of an old castle, near which
is a cavern with several ramifications.
KILLODIERNAN, a parish, in the union of Ne-
NAGH, barony of Lower Ormond, county of Tipperary,
and province of Munsteh, 5 miles (N.) from Nenagh,
and on the river Shannon ; containing 1238 inhabitants.
It comprises 4563 statute acres, generally light land
and in tillage. There is a constabulary police station
at Puckane. The principal seats are, Rockvalley ;
Blackfort ; the Lodge ; a fishing lodge beautifully situ-
ated on the banks of the Shannon ; and Johnstown
Park, a large and finely situated residence in a well-
planted demesne of about 200 acres, commanding fine
views of the Shannon. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, and in the patronage
of the Bishop: the tithe rent-charge is £1*3. 16. 6.
The church is a neat edifice, built in 1811 by aid of a
gift of £800 from the late Board of First Fruits, and has
been repaired by a grant of £100 from the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. The glebe-house was built in 1825, at
a cost of £950, partly a gift and partly a loan from the
Board of First Fruits j the glebe consists of 35^ acres.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Monsea, and has a chapel at Puckane.
On the townland of Urragh are the remains of a castle ;
and in the demesne of Johnstown Park are the ruins of
an ancient chapel, with a burial-ground attached, which
is still used.
KILLOE, or KILLOW (LOWER and UPPER), a
parish, partly in the barony and union of Granard, but
chiefly in those of Lonoford, county of Longford, pro-
vince of Leinster, 4 miles (N. E.) from Longford, on
the road from that place to Granard ; containing 19,4*7
inhabitants. An abbey was founded at Cloono, which
is supposed to have been in this parish, in 668. In 179S,
the French army under General Humbert surrendered
at Ballinamuck. The parish comprises 41,440^ statute
acres, of which the greater part is in Lower Killoc, on
the northern side of the river Camlin ; the northern
part is mountainous, and contains a good deal of bog,
but the southern part is rich grazing-land. At Creeve
is a quarry of very fine limestone ; at Ballinamuck, a
fine freestone-flag quarry ; and there is abundance of
potters'- clay. The principal seats are Farra, Newtown
Bond, and Bawnmore. The parish is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Ardagh, and in the gift of the Bishop, divided
into Upper and Lower Killoe, the former of which is
115
united to Clongesh, and the latter to Tcmplomithael ;
the rectory is impropriate in Sir J. B. Pictb, Bart. The
tithe rent-charge of Lower Killoe amounts to £609. 4. S.,
of which £207. 14. arc payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the rector of Clongesh ; the tithe of
Upper Killoe amounts to £150, of which £67. 10. are
payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
rector of Templemichael. There is a church in Lower
Killoe, for the erection of which the late Board of First
Fruits, in 1824, gave £900, and Willonghby Bond, Esq.,
£200 ; also a church at Drunilish, in Upper Killoe, for
the erection of which the Board gave £900, in 1S24. A
glebe of 79 acres is attached to the church in Lower
Killoe. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish
forms three districts, namely, Moyne and Drimard,
Drumlish and Ballinamuck, and Killoe and Aiiibegs,and
contains six chapels. At Corboy is a meeting-house for
Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly.
There arc public schools in Lower Killoe, to one of
which the Roman Catholic Bishop of Ardagh contri-
butes £20 annually ; and in Upper Killoe are three
public schools, to which the Countess Dowager of Rosse
contributes £8, Viscount Lorton £10, Willoughby Bond.
Esq., £8, and the rector £2, annually. At Newtown-
Bond are the ruins of a church, and near Bawnmore
those of an ancient castle and two Danish forts : on the
townland of Cloonagh is a large red flagstone, inscribed
with many emblems or characters. — See Ballinamvck
and Drumlish.
KILLOFIN, a parish, in the union of Kii.rush,
barony of Clonderlaw, county of Clare, and province
of Munster, 7 miles (S. W.) from Kildysart, and on the
river Shannon ; containing 3985 inhabitants. It com-
prises 66925 statute acres, and is almost entirely under
tillage, yielding abundant crops ; there is some bog.
In several parts are indications of coal, and culm is
obtained at Slievedooly and Clonkerry. The south-
western part of the parish consists of a peninsula, pro-
jecting into the Shannon, and forming the south-east
side of Clonderlaw bay : on Kilkeran Point, at its ex-
tremity, is a battery mounting six 24-pounders and two
howitzers, with a bomb-proof barrack for a detachment
of artillerymen. The principal seats arc Ballyartncy,
Clonkerry, and Kilkeran Lodge. The parish is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Killaloe, forming part of the union
of Kilmurry-Clonderlaw ; the rectory is impropriate in
Bindon Scott, Esq. : the tithe rent-charge is £213, of
which £120 are payable to the impropriator, and the
remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions Killofin is also part of the union or district of
Kilmurry-Clonderlaw, and has a handsome cruciform
chapel near Labasheeda. Some remains of the parish
church still exist, and its burial-ground is still used ; at
Kilkerin are the ruins of a small church, with a burial-
ground which is used for the interment of children ; and
at Killanna are the ruins of an ancient building, sup-
posed to have been a monastery. In Millpark is a
chalybeate spring. — See Labasheeda.
KILLOGHCONNOGHAN, or Kilaconnigan, a
parish, in the union of Trim, barony of Lune, county
of Meath, and province of Leinster, 6j miles (W.)
from Trim, and on the road from Dublin to Mullingar ;
containing 2319 inhabitants. It comprises ll,56li
statute acres : about one fourth is bog, much of which
was Dlanted by the late Earl of Darnley ; the remainder
K I L— L O
is principallj' under tillage. There is a good quarry of
limestoue. Fairs are held on March '25th, May l'2th,
Aug. 15th, and Nov. 1st. The principal seats are Elm
Grove, Parkstown, and Kilmur. The village of Balli-
vor, or Kilbaliver, is a constabulary police station ; and
contains the parish church, the Roman Catholic chapel,
a school, and a dispensary. The living is a perpetual
curacy, in the diocese of Meath, and in the gift of the
Earl of Darnley, who is impropriator of the rectory :
the tithe rent-charge is £'2*25, payable to the impropria-
tor, who allows the perpetual curate £69. 4. per annum.
The church is a neat structure with a spire, erected in
1820, by aid of a gift of £200 from the late Earl of
Darnley, and a loan of £700 from the Board of First
Fruits. The glebe-house was built in IS^^, by aid of a
gift of £450 and a loan of £50 from the same Board,
and a subscription of £100 from the earl; the glebe
comprises 21 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Castlerickard,
and has a handsome chapel, towards the erection of
which the late Earl of Darnley gave £100, and half
an acre of laud for a site. There are some remains of a
Franciscan friary and a castle at Donore, and of a castle
at Carranstown.
KILLOGILLEEN, a parish, partly in the barony of
LouGHREA, but chiefly in that of Dunkellin, union of
LouGHREA, county of Galway, and province of Con-
naught, 5 miles (W.) from Loughrea, on the road
from that place to Ardrahan ; containing 1074 inhabit-
ants. The parish comprises 3604f statute acres. It is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmacduagh, forming part
of the union of Killiuane : the rectory is appropriate to
the see and archdeaconry of Kilmacduagh, and the
vicars-choral of Christ Church, Dublin. The tithe
rent-charge is £90, of which £15 are payable to the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners, £13. 10. to the archdea-
con, £15 to the vicars-choral, and the remainder to the
incumbent. Here is a Roman Catholic chapel.
KILLOH. — See Killua.
KILLOKENNEDY, a parish, in the union of Lime-
rick, barony of Tulla, county of Clare, and province
of MuNSTER, 5 miles (\V.) from Killaloe, on the road from
that place to Ennis ; containing 3811 inhabitants. It
comprises 11,656 statute acres, including much moun-
tain pasture and some bog : good building and flag
stone are obtained. The seat of Ballyquin, within the
parish, is situated in Glenomera, which is celebrated as
a shooting station for grouse and pheasants. At Kil-
bane is a constabulary police station. Killokennedy is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, forming part of
the union of Kiltonanlca, or Doonass ; the rectory is
part of the union of Omullod : the tithe rent-charge is
£162. 2. per annum, of which £79. 12. 4. are payable
to the vicar, and the remainder to the rector. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
distriits of BroaJford and Doonass, and has chapels
at Kilbane and Kilmore.
KILLOLOAN, a parish, in the union of Clonmel,
partly in the barony of Upi-erthird, county of Water-
1 OKD, and partly in that of Iffa and Offa East, county
of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 2| miles
(K.N. E.) from Clonmel, on the road from that place to
Waterford; containing 970 inhabitants. The parish
comprises 3208 statute acres; the land is well culti-
vated, and there is abundance of good limestone. The
116
K I L— L O
river Suir, which flows through part of the parish, is
navigable for small vessels. Killoloan is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Lismore, forming part of the union of
Kilcash ; the rectory is impropriate in Viscount Lis-
more : the tithe rent-charge is £76. 17., of which
£49. 19. are payable to the impropriator, and the re-
mainder to the vicar. The church is a neat building,
erected in 1S27, by a gift of £900 from the Board of
First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Kilgrant. At Gur-
teen are some Druidical remains ; and in the Water-
ford part of the parish are the ivy-clad ruins of Darin-
lar Castle, of which only the keep and some vaults
remain.
KILLONE, or KiLLOWEN, a parish, in the union of
Ennis, barony of Islands, county of Clare, and pro-
vince of Munster, 25 miles (S. by W.) from Ennis, on
the road to Kildysart ; containing 2777 inhabitants.
It comprises about 5718f statute acres. Limestone
abounds, and is used for manure, for which purpose
sea-weed and sand from the shores of the Fergus are
also used ; the state of agriculture is gradually improv-
ing. About the year 1190, Donald O'Brien, King of
Limerick, founded an abbey here for nuns of the order
of St. Augustine, and dedicated it to St. John the
Baptist : Slaney, the pious daughter of Donogh Car-
breach, King of Thomond, was abbess of this nunnery.
The ruins are beautifully situated near the north-eastern
extremity of the Lake of Killone, and form a very pic-
turesque feature in the scenery. At a short distance
from them is a celebrated holy well, dedicated to St.
John, on the eve of whose anniversary it is resorted to
by the peasantry from various parts of the county. The
principal seats are Edenvale and New Hall ; both are
situated in picturesque demesnes, the latter being on an
eminence above the Lake of Killone, and the former
celebrated for its romantic vale, in which is a secluded
lake, said to communicate with the river Fergus by a
subterraneous channel. The parish is in the diocese of
Killaloe : the rectory is impropriate in Bindon Scott,
Esq., who receives the tithe rent-charge, amounting to
£135, and allows £10 per annum late currency for dis-
charging the clerical duties ; but the townland of Bear-
nageeby pays tithe to the rector of Clare-Abbey. In
the Roman Catholic divisions Killone forms part of the
district of Clare, and has a chapel at Ballyea.
KILLONEHAN.— See Killelonehan.
KILLONOGHAN, or Killonahon, a parish, in the
union of Ennistymon, barony of Burren, county of
Clare, and province of Mvnster, 13 miles (S. W.)
from Burren, and on the western coast ; containing
1369 inhabitants. This parish comprises 7350 statute
acres, and consists principally of rocky mountain pas-
ture, affording scanty but rich herbage ; a detached
portion is situated at some distance to the south-east,
and another portion is isolated by the parish of Glani-
nagh. Lead is found in the vicinity of Glenvaan, and
it is supposed that a vein extends into the limestone
hills of Burren. The parish is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Kilfenora, forming part of the union
of Dromcrehy, or Rathbourney, and of the corps of the
treasurership of the cathedral of Kilfenora : the tithe
rent-charge is £61. 17. 6. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is part of the district of Glynn, or
Glenarragha, and has a chapel at Stonehall. There are
K I L— L O
K I L— L O
some remaius of the church, near which arc the ruins
of a castle, which consisted of a round tower.
KILLORA, a parish, in the union of Lough rea,
barony of Dlnkellin, county of Galway, and pro-
vince of CoNNAUGHT, ou the road from Loughrea to
Galway ; containing, with the post-town of Craughwell,
1618 inhabitants. It comprises 53"^^ statute acres.
The principal seats arc Ballimore, Roekficld, and Ag-
gard. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kdmacduagh,
forming pai t of the union of Killinane, or Kilthonias ;
the rectory is appropriate to the see and archdeaconry :
the tithe rent-charge is £117. !•'>., of which £'21 are
payable to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, £37- 10.
to the archdeacon, and the remainder to the vicar. The
Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the
Established Church, and is called Craughwell, at which
place the chapel is situated. — See Craughwell.
KILLORAN, a parish, in the union of Ballinasloe,
partly in the barony of Clonmacnoon, partly in that
of Leitrim, but chiefly in the barony of Longford,
county of Galway, and province of Connaught, S
miles (\V. N. W.) from Eyrecourt, and on the road from
Loughrea to Ballinasloe; containing 1838 inhabitants.
It comprises 539-i statute acres, of which about one-
fourth are arable, and the remainder pasture land and
bog. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Clonfert ; the rectory is partly appropriate to the see,
and partly with the \ icarage, forms a portion of the
union of Kiltormer. The tithe rent-charge is £59. 6.,
of which £13. 17- are payable to the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners, and the remainder to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Abbeygormagan, and contains a chapel.
KILLORAN, a parish, in the barony of Leney,
union and county of Sligo, and province of Con-
naught, 6 miles (N. W.) from Ballymote, and on the
road from Sligo to Tobbercurry ; containing 4044 in-
habitants. It comprises 13,999i statute acres : there
is a considerable quantity of mountain land, and some
bog i also limestone. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Achonry, united by act of council, in 1819,
to that of Kilvarnet, and in the patronage of the
Bishop ; the rectory is appropriate to the deanery of
Achonry. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£'^2."}'2. 15., of which £91. '2. 6. are payable to the dean,
and the remainder to the vicar ; the tithe of the entire
vicarial benefice is £195. 7- 6. The church, a small
building with a square tower, was erected by aid of a
gift of £500 from the Board of First Fruits in 1*66 ;
it was enlarged in 18'29 by a loan of £460 from the
same Board, and was lately repaired by a grant of
£176 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The
glebe-house was built in lb'^i7, at a cost exceeding
£1000, partly a gift and partly a loan from the Board ;
the glebe of the union comprises 47 acres. The Roman
Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church, and has a chapel at Camacleigh. — See
Coolaney.
KILLORGLIN, a parish, in the union of Cahirci-
VEEN, partly in the barony of Dvnkerrin, partly in
Magonihy, but chiefly in the barony of Trughen-
ACKMY, county of Kerry, and province of Munster,
3 miles (S. W.) from Milltown, and on the road from
Tralee to Cahirciveen ; containing 6574 inhabitants, of
whom about 1000 are in the village. The Moriartv
117
family anciently possessed this district, from whiih
they were expelled by M'^Carty-More. It was subee-
quently the property of the Fitzgcralds, who bestowed
the castle and manor on the Knights Templars : on the
dissolution of that order it reverted to the Fitzgcralds,
by whom it was forfeited in the Desmond rebellion,
when the estate was granted by Queen Elizabeth to
Captain Conway, after whom it is sometimes called
Castle-Conway. It is now the property of the noble
family of Mullins. The parish comprises 71*29 statute
acres : the soil is light and gravelly, and chiefly under
tillage ; agriculture is improving, and there is a con-
siderable quantity of bog and limestone. At Menus is
a small flour-mill. The river Laune divides the parish
into two nearly equal parts ; it contains fine salmon,
and is navigable for vessels of 1 80 tons near to the
village, which is a short distance from its mouth.
The village consists of about '200 houses, and close to
it is a bridge on the great line of road ; it exports corn,
salmon, and pigs, and imports iron, timber, and salt.
Fairs are held on Aug. Uth and 12th, and Nov.
19th; at the first, called Puck Fair, unbroken Kerry
ponies, goats, &c., are sold, and a male goat is some-
times ornamented and paraded about. The village
has a receiving-house for letters in connexion with Ca-
hirciveen, Tralee, and Newcastle ; it is a constabulary
police station, and has petty-sessions monthly. A
manorial court is held occasionally, for the recovery of
debts under 40j. : the manor is nearly co-cxtensive with
the parish, comprising 61/0^ statute acres, and de-
scended from Captain Conway to the Blennerhassett
family, from which it was purchased, in 1797, by Lord
Ventry. The romantic glen of the river Cara is on the
western border of this parish. The principal seats are
Annagarry, Ardmoniel Cottage, Clifton Cottage, Alta-
villa, and Annadale. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the patronage
of the Crown : the tithe reut-charge is £500, of which
£300 are payable to the rector, and the remainder to
the Mullins family, in whom the tithes of the manor
are impropriate. The church is a plain structure with
a square tower, erected on laud given by the Rev. F.
Mullins, and for the building of which the late Board
of First Fruits gave £800, in 1816. The glebe-house
was built by means of a gift of £300 and a loan of
£500 from the same Board ; the glebe consists of 1 1
acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is
the head of a district, including also the whole of Knock-
ane, except Glencare, and has a chapel, built on an acre
of land given by the late Lord Ventry, and since much
improved and ornamented. At Droumavalley are the
ruins of a church, to which a large burial-ground is at-
tached ; and there are remains of another old church
at Dungeel -. also extensive remains of the castle of the
Knights Templars, which till lately was inhabited.
KILLOSCULLY, a parish, in the union of Nenagh,
barony of Owney and .\rra, county of Tipperary,
and province of Munster, 3 miles (E. N. E.) from New-
port, and on the road from Dudley to Limerick ; con-
taining 3099 inhabitants. It cr)mprises 14,439 statute
acres. The surface is very mountainous, including the
Keeper mountain, the loftiest of the range, rising '2'2C5
feet ; the base and sides afford tolerably good pasturage,
and within the last few years the lower part has been
planted. To the south-east of this mountain rises the
K I L— L O
K I L— L O
river Newport, which passes northward through the
vale of GlencoUoo to Kilvolane, in its course giving
motion to several mills. There are other mountains in
the parish affording tolerable pasturage. The lower
lands have been much improved by draining ; and a
large drain has been constructed by Lord Bloomfield, in
order to get access to a fine bed of marl, which aifords
a valuable manure. There are several bogs, in which
has been found timber of large growth, lying horizontally
from 10 to ^0 feet below the surface. On Lord Bloom-
field's property is an extensive quarry, from which the
stone for building some of the houses on the estate was
raised ; a vein of copper-ore has also been discovered,
but has not yet been worked ; and slates of good quality
for roofing have been quarried, but not to any great
extent. Lord Bloomfield some years ago built a hand-
some lodge in the Elizabethan style, which commands
many fine views ; and laid out an extensive nursery,
from which considerable plantations have been made on
the surrounding mountains. The parish is in the diocese
of Cashel, and is a rectory and vicarage, till lately form-
ing part of the union of Kilnerath, or St. John's New-
port : the tithe rent-charge is £'.242. 6. The church, a
neat edifice, for the erection of which the late Board of
First Fruits gave £900 and Lord Bloomfield also con-
tributed, was built in 1829, near the Keeper mountain.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Ballinahinch, and has a neat chapel
with a school-house adjoining. A school-house has
been built on the townland of Drumban, by Lord Bloom-
field, and is supported by his lordship. In the marl-
pits have been found the fossil remains of the elk, or
moose-deer, of very large dimensions ; some of which
have been preserved entire, and are to be seen at
Laughton House.
KILLOSKEHANE, or Killskelan, a parish, in
the unions of Roscrea and Thurles, barony of Iker-
RiN, county of TippERARY, and province of Munster,
3^ miles (W. S. W.) from Templemore, and on the road
from Burris-o'-leigh to Dunkerrin ; containing 743 in-
habitants. It comprises 254'2 statute acres, consisting
chiefly of very fine pasturage ; there is plenty of good
limestone. Killoskehane Castle is situated in a well-
planted demesne, and includes part of the ancient castle
in the modern mansion. The parish is in the diocese of
Cashel, and is a rectory and vicarage, forming part of the
union of Kilfithmone : the tithe rent-charge is £82. 10.
KILLOSSORY, a parish, in the union of Balroth-
ERY, barony of Nethercross, county of Dublin, and
province of Leinster, 3 miles (N. W. by N.) from
Swords, and on the road from Dublin to Drogheda ;
containing 391 inhabitants. It comprises 2*31 statute
acres ; the land is of good quality, and the system of
agriculture improving. The principal seats are, Rath-
bcale, the residence of the Corbally family, a spacious
mansion, situated in an improved demesne commanding
some fine views; Rawlestown ; Lays; and Lispopple.
Here is a station of the constabulary pohce. The parish
is in the diocese of Dublin ; the rectory is appropriate
to the economy fund of the cathedral of St. Patrick,
Dublin, and the curacy forms part of the union of
Swords : the tithe rent-charge is £121. 9. 6., payable to
the economy fund. The church is in ruins. In the
Roman Catholic divisions Killossory is the head of a
district called Rolleston, comprising also the parishes of
118
Clonmethan, Kilsallaghan, and Palmerstown, and con-
taining two chapels, situated respectively at Rolleston
in this parish, and at Oldtown in Clonmethan. The
font of the old church was removed to that of Swords,
on the demolition of which it was removed to the Roman
Cathohc chapel of this parish, where it is still preserved.
Near the ruins of the old church, a school- house was
erected in 1823. There are some remains of the ancient
castle of Bragil, which, with the manor, was granted by
James I. to Sir Richard Bolton, chancellor of Ireland,
in whose family it remains : it was defended, during the
absence of her husband, by Lady Bolton, against Ruah
O'Neill, by whom it was burnt ; and Lady Bolton
perished in the flames. Considerable portions of the
interior walls are yet standing, but the outworks have
been long levelled.
KILLOTERAN, a parish, in the union of 'Water-
ford, barony of Middlethird, county of Waterford,
and province of Munster, 2 miles (W.) from Water-
ford, and on the river Suir ; containing 662 inhabitants,
and 2493 statute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese
of Waterford, forming part of the corps of the deanery
of Waterford: the tithe rent-charge is £116. 5., and
there is a glebe of 17 acres. The church is a plain
edifice, repaired lately by a grant of £164 from the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
KILLOUGH, or St.-Anne's-Port, a sea-port and
post-town, in the parish of Rathmullen, union of
DowNPATRiCK, barony of Legale, county of Down,
and province of Ulster, 5 miles (S. E.) from Down-
patrick, and 7Sf (N.) from DubUn ; containing 1148
inhabitants. This place is situated on the harbour to
which it gives name, on the eastern coast, in lat. 54° 1.5'
(N.) and long. 5° 37' 30" (W.). The town contains 246
houses, built along the margin of the bay, and has a
considerable coasting trade with the principal ports in
the Irish Channel : the chief exports are corn and live
cattle, of the former of which very great quantities are
shipped ; and the principal imports are coal and salt.
A lucrative fishery is carried on off the coast ; haddock
and whiting are taken in great quantities, and from 12
to 20 boats are daily employed during the year. The
manufacture of salt is also carried on, upon a small
scale. The harbour is about half a league to the east of
St. John's Point, and affords safe shelter for coasting-
vessels and for merchant-ships of 150 tons' burthen;
there is a good roadstead in off-shore winds for vessels
navigating the channel, and the harbour is the ren-
dezvous of a considerable portion of the numerous
fishing-vessels that frequent this coast. It is admirably
adapted for a safety harbour, and is, indeed, the only
one so adapted along this part of the coast : by the
erection of a breakwater on the Water rock, a safety
harbour might be formed where vessels could enter and
find shelter in any gale. The new lighthouse at St.
John's Point deserves especial notice : after repeated
and disastrous shipwrecks on these shores, the Dublin
Ballast Board, on the representation of Captain Browne,
of Janeville, consented to erect a lighthouse on his pro-
perty here, and the work was executed under his im-
mediate superintendence ; it is of Morne cut granite,
and is considered one of the most finished structures of
the kind in the United Kingdom. The light is a re-
mitting one, visible for 45 seconds, and obscured for 15
seconds, in every minute ; this effect is produced by
K I L— L O
K I L— L ()
clock-machinery, the principle of the light being re-
fractive and dioptrick, on the French plan. The light-
house is the only one of the description on the coasts of
Britain, or at least was so when erected; and no ship-
wreck has occurred since the light was first exhibited,
in May, 1S44. The pier and quays extend on both sides
of the entrance to the bay, and were greatly improved
by the late Viscount Bangor, at an expense of more
than £18,000. The post-olhce is under that of Down-
patrick. Fairs are held on the first Friday (O. S.) in
February, June 9th, Aug. 17th, and Nov. l'2th, for live
stock and pedlery ; and a manorial court is held on the
first Tuesday in every month.
The LIVING is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese
of Dosvn, and in the patronage of the Incumbent of
Rathmullen. The church, which was rebuilt in 1*16,
and subsequently fell into a state of dilapidation, was
again rebuilt in 160'2, by the munificence of the Rev. J.
Hamilton, who had died in 1797 and bequeathed £1'200
for that purpose. It is a neat edifice, on the site of the
former, in the early English style, with a tower sur-
mounted by an octangular spire, affording an excellent
landmark for mariners entering the port. The glebe-
house, towards the erection of which the late Board of
First Fruits granted £450 as a gift and £50 as a loan,
is a comfortable residence. The stipend of the curate
is £100, of which £10 are paid by Lord Bangor, as im-
propriator of Rathmullen, and £S0 by the trustees of
Primate Boulter's Augmentaticm fund. The Roman Ca-
tholic parochial chapel is in the town, and there is also
a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. Near the
church is a handsome male and female school built by
the late Viscount Bangor, at a cost of between £'200 and
£300 ; it was chiefly supported by his lordship during
his lifetime, and is now supported by the trustees of the
Castleward estates. At St. John's Point are the ruins
of a commandery of Knights Hospitallers ; and about a
quarter of a mile from the town, on the shore, is a beau-
tiful grotto, in which is a well, seven feet deep, supplied
with water oozing through a mass of tufa at the top of
the cavern. About half a mile from the town, on the
road to Downpatrick, is a copious spring, the water of
which is specifically lighter by one-fourth part than
spring water in general ; and close to the shore is St.
Scordin's Well, issuing from a rocky bank, and dis-
charging at the rate of one hogshead per hour, without
any diminution in the driest weather. Not far from
this is a hole in the rock, which at the ebbing and flow-
ing of the tide emits a sound resembling that of a
huntsman's horn.
KILLOUGHTER, a parish, in the barony of Tul-
LAGHGARVEY, uuiou and county of Cavan, and province
of Ulster, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from Belturbet, on the
road from that place to Cootehill ; containing about
6130 inhabitants. It comprises 7633 statute acres, all
arable and pasture land except about 250 acres of lake
and bog. A description of gravel is found on some
ground here, largely impregnated with iron-ore, and it
is supposed a mine might be worked to advantage ; in
the townland of Corcashel is a kind of yellow clay,
which when dissolved in water makes a fine wash for
colouring walls, precisely resembling oil painting, and
leaving the same gloss. The living is a perpetual curacy,
in the diocese of Kilmore, formed out of the parish of
Annagh in 1813, and in the gift of the Incumbent of
119
that parish : the tithe rent-charge is £15, and the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners have granted an augmentation
of £60 per annum. The church is a neat plain build-
ing with a square tower, erected in 1814, by a gift of
£800 and a loan of £400 from the Board of First Fruits.
The glebe-house was built by aid of a gift of £450 and
a loan of £50 from the Board, in 18'2'i, and has a glebe
of 19^ acres. The Roman Catholic parish is co-exten-
sive with that of the Established Church, and has a
chapel near Red Hills. There is a meeting-house for
Primitive Methodists ; two schools are in connexion
with the Church Education Society, and two under the
Board of National Education. About a mile from the
glebe, in the adjoining townland of Clara, is a remark-
able Druidical stone, called Cloghard, or " the high
stone ;" it is oblong and very flat, and was set originally
upon two large upright stones, one at either end, but is
now broken in the middle : as the material differs from
that found on the hill, this stone, which is of huge di-
mensions, must have been brought hither by art. On
the townland of Drumavrack were discovered, in 1845,
some caves of a curious description, flagged beneath and
above with large flat stones ; three or four of these caves
are connected by small apertures with each other : they
are supposed to have been ancient burial-places.
KILLOULAGH. — See Kilweilagh.
KILLOWEN, KiLLOwNEY, or Kilrowen, a parish,
situated in the union of Bandon, barony of Kinxal-
meaky, county of Cork, and province of Musster, 4^
miles (W.) from Bandon, on the road from that place
to Dunmanway ; containing 366 inhabitants. It com-
prises 1'264 statute acres ; the land is generally good,
and a better system of agriculture is now beginning to
be pursued. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of
Cork, and in the patronage of Lord Kinsale: the tithe
rent-charge is £105. 9- 6. Divine service is performed
in a house licensed by the bishop. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of
Templemartin. Here is a large mass of white quartz,
called by the peasantry the " Holy stone," around which,
according to tradition, the priest formerly assembled
the parishioners for public worship.
KILLOWEN, or St. John's Church, a parish, in
the union and barony of Coleraine, county of Lon-
donderry, and province of Ulster ; forming part of
the suburbs of Coleraine, and containing 270S inhabit-
ants. This parish, which is included within the pre-
sent borough of Coleraine, is situated on the western
bank of the river Bann, and is connected with the town,
on the opposite side, by a fine newly-built stone bridge
of three arches. That part of the parish which is more
especially the suburb consists chiefly of a long street
called Captain-street, forming a continuation of Bridge-
street, Coleraine. It contains many small houses,
nearly the w hole of which are held at will by tenants
under the Clothworkers" Company of London, which
company obtained a lease of the parish from the Irish
Society, to whom it had been granted by James I. in
1609- In another street, called Killowen-street, and
which is bishop's land, is the church. A small trade is
carried on, chiefly in the manufacture of calicoes and
ginghams ; and fairs are held on May I'ith and July 5th.
The parish comprises 17S8 statute acres : the lands are
chiefly under tillage ; the soil is fertile, and the system
of agriculture greatly improved. Jackson's Hall, now
KILL
\afant, occupies the site of an ancient castle erected in
^213 by Mac Ughtry, who in that year destroyed the
abbey founded on the spot by St. Carbreus in 540.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and
in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£1'20. The original parish church, which was part of a
priory founded in 1080, was in 1830 converted into a
school-house ; and a small neat church, without either
tower or spire, was built at an expense of £1000, to-
wards which £300 were given by the Clothworkers'
Company, £100 by Bishop Knox, £50 by the Irish
Society, and £170 as a gift and £380 as a loan by the
Board of First Fruits. The glebe-house, towards the
erection of which the same Board made a loan of £297
and a gift of £40'2, was built in IS'2'3 : the glebe com-
prises 50 statute acres. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is the head of a district called Kill-
owen, or Coleraine, comprising also the parishes of
Duuboe, Macosquin, and Aghadowy, and containing
three chapels, situated respectively at KiUowen, Dnnboe,
and Aghadowy. There is a place of worship for Presby-
terians in connexion with the General Assembly. About
■270 children are educated in five public schools, of
which the parochial schools are assisted by a gift of £"20
jjcr annum from the Clothworkers' Company, by grants
trom the Irish Society, and by a donation from the
rector; a school at Laurel Hill was founded and en-
dowed with £50 per annum by the late R. Kyle, Esq.,
in 1830. There are also three Sunday schools. Re-
mains of some fine encampments or forts may be seen
at Cranagh Hill and Ballycarn, and one of smaller
dimensions near the church. On the confines of the
parish, near Camus, are two strongly impregnated
springs, one chalybeate, the other holding pure sulphur
in solution.
KILLOWER, a parish, in the union of Tuam,
barony of Clare, county of Galway, and province of
CoNNAUGiiT, 4i miles (W. by N.) from Tuam, on the
road from that place to Headford ; containing 905 in-
habitants. It comprises 3596| statute acres, of which
a considerable quantity is reclaimable bog. Fairs are
held at Castle-Hackett on June 2nd and Oct. 2nd. The
seats are Castle-Hackett, Cloonaghmore, and Silane.
The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Tuam, forming part of the union of Headford : the tithe
rent-charge is £84. 9- 3. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions, also, the parish forms part of the union or district
of Headford. There are the ruins of a castle at Castle-
Hackett.
KILLOWILLAN, a parish, in the union of Fermoy,
barony of Barrymore, county of Cork, and province
of MuNSTER, 3i miles (s. E.) from Fermoy, on the road
from that place to Tallow; containing about 335 in-
habitants. This parish, which comprises 1093 statute
acres, was originally a townland in the parish of Castle-
Lyons, but became a parish on being given by Charles
II. to the Bishop of Cloync, as part of his mensal lands.
It Is a rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne, entirely appro-
l)riatc to the bishop's mensal : the tithe rent-charge is
£41. 10. 9. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Castle- Lyons.
KILL-ST.-LAWRENCE, a parish, in the barony of
(JAtLTiKR, union and county of Waterford, and pro-
vince of IMunster, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from Waterford ;
containing 71 inhabitants, and 308 statute acres It
120
K I L— L U
was a rectory, in the diocese of Waterford, forming
part of the late union of Killure : the tithe renf-charge
is £18. 15.
KILL ST. NICHOLAS, a parish, in the barony of
Gaultier, union and county of Waterford, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 5 miles (E.) from Waterford, and
on W^aterford harbour; containing, with the town of
Passage, 1743 inhabitants. It comprises 2884 statute
acres, including a very small quantity of bog, and
abundance of good building-stone. The living is a
rectory, in the diocese of Waterford, united episcopally
in 1813 to the rectory of Faithlegg, and more recently
to that of Crook, and in the gift of the Crown : the tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £156. 9-, and of the whole
union £381. 13. The church is at Passage, and was
lately repaired by a grant of £239 from the Ecclesiasti-
cal Commissioners. There is a glebe of 22^ acres, but
no glebe-house. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
parishes of Faithlegg and Killea, and has a chapel at
Passage. At Cross are some vitriolic springs. — See
Passage.
KILLUA, or Killoah, a parish, in the union of
Kells, barony of Dei.vin, county of Westmeath, and
province of Lf.inster, 5 miles (W. N. W.) from Athboy,
on the road from that place to Oldcastle ; containing,
with the town of Clonmellon, 1950 inhabitants. It com-
prises 5259^ statute acres, about half of which is in
tillage ; and contains limestone, but neither waste land
nor bog. Killua Castle is the handsome castellated
residence of Sir T. Chapman, Bart., and contains a fine
collection of paintings by the old masters ; the demesne
comprises more than 500 acres, and includes a sheet of
water, an obelisk to Sir Walter Raleigh, and the ruins
of a commandery of the Knights of St. John of Jerusa-
lem. Ballinlough Castle, the seat of Sir J. Nugent,
Bart., is in a demesne of above 300 acres. Killua is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, forming part of the
union of Killallon ; the rectory is impropriate in N.
Ogle, Esq.: the tithe rent-charge is £93. 15., of which
£60 are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder
to the vicar. The church, which is at Clonmellon, and
is a neat structure with a handsome spire, was built
about 60 years since, partly at the expense of Sir B.
Chapman, and has been repaired by a grant of £251
from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district
called Clonmellon, including also the parishes of Killal-
lon and Clonarney, and containing chapels at Clonmellon
and Killallon ; the former is a neat building, with a
detached belfry. Here is an almshouse for four poor
women, who have a weekly allowance from the Chapman
family ; and in Clonmellon are ten almshouses for aged
and infirm labourers, who have each more than an acre
of land, and £2 per annum, £5 being appropriated for
keeping the houses in repair : they were established
under the will of Sir B. Chapman. There are some
remains of the old church, with a burial-ground attached,
which is the place of interment of the Chapman family.
— See Clonmellon.
KILLUCAN, a post town and parish, in the union
of MuLLiNGAR, partly in the barony of Delvin, but
chiefly in that of Farbill, county of Westmeath, and
province of Leinster, 65 miles (E.) from Mullingar,
and 33 miles (W. by N.) from Dublin, on the road to
K I L— L U
K I L— L U
Sligo and Galway ; containing 956'2 inhabitants, of whom
lal are in the town. This place, which is also called
Killuquin, appears to have derived its name from an
abbey founded here by St. Lucian, and which subse-
ijuently became the parish church. A castle called
Rathwire was erected by Hugh de Lacy, of which only
the foundations and some of the outworks are at pre-
sent discernible. The town consists of '29 houses ; is a
constabulary police station ; and has a sub-post-office
in connexion with Kinnegad. A market is held weekly,
and a handsome market-house has lately been built by
Lord Longford : there are fairs on March 27th, May
25th, Sept. 29th, and Nov. 28fh ; and petty-sessions
every Saturday. The parish, with the district parish
of Kinnegad, comprises 3.5,.5S9|- statute acres ; the
surface is greatly diversified. The land is in general
fertile, and principally under tillage ; there are some
large dairy-farms, and the system of agriculture is im-
proved. Within the parish are some extensive tracts of
bog ; a railroad was recently laid down at Griftinstown,
by Mr. Featherston-Haugh, for draining the bog on that
estate. There are very fine quarries of black flagstone,
from which were taken materials for the custom-house
docks of Dublin ; and on Sion Hill is a quarry having
the appearance of slate, but it is not worked. The
principal scats are, Lotown, situated in a richly wooded
demesne ; GrifHnstown House ; Hyde Park ; Wardins-
towu ; Curristown ; Lisnabin, a handsome castellated
mansion recently erected ; (luntingdon ; Joristown ;
Grangemore, a handsome house in a well-planted de-
mesne ; Riverdale ; Craddeustown ; Corbetstown ; and
Derrymoe. On the demesne of Joristown is the hill of
Knockshiban, a conspicuous landmark, commanding a
very extensive prospect over a richly diversified tract of
country. The Royal Canal passes through the parish :
there are several very small lakes ; and to the west are
some dry limestone tracts, curiously interspersed with
patches of bog.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Meath, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £804. 6. The church, for the erection of
which the late Board of First Fruits gave £100 and
granted a loau of £1200, in 1816, is a handsome edifice
with a well-proportioned spire, and contains the sepul-
chral vault of the Pakenham family. The glebe-house
is a neat residence, and the glebe comprises 41 acres.
The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of
the Established Church : there are two chapels, situated
respectively at Rathwire aud Rathfarne. Of several
public schools, one is supported by the trustees of
Erasmus Smith's fund, who allow the master £30 per
annum, with a house and garden rent-free ; and two by
Lord and Lady Longford : there is a dispensary. In
the old parish church were several chapels or chautries,
the largest of which was dedicated to St. Mary ; and at
Clonfad, on the southern confines of the parish, was a
very ancient religious establishment, of which St. Etcheii,
who died in 577, was bishop : there are still some
remains of the church. Numerous raths exist in the
parish ; and on a hill near Lisnabin are the remains of
some works called Pakenbam's Fort, commanding an
extensive prospect. At Ratteen are the remains of a
castle, in which the Lord- Lieutenant, who in 1450 had
been made prisoner, was confined for some time. Many
silver coins of the reigns of Elizabeth, James L, and
Vol. n.— 121
Charles L, and the protectorate, were found in two tin
vessels, in ploughing near Grilfinstown.
KILLUKEN, or Killucan, a parish, in the union
of Carrick-on-Sha.nnon, barony r)f Boyle, county of
Rosco.M.MON, and jjrovince of Connaught, on the road
from Carrick to Ballina ; containing, with part of the
market and post town of Carrick (with the rest of which
it is connected by a bridge over the Shannon), 2963
inhabitants. It comprises about 4831 statute acres, and
is principally under tillage, although there are several
grazing-farms ; the waste land consists chiefly of bog,
most of which might be reclaimed, but at a considerable
expense. Limestone of excellent quality abounds, and
is quarried in several places for building and burning.
The river Shannon skirts a small portion of the parish,
and its navigation being connected with the Royal Canal
at Tarmonbarry, goods can be shipped at Carrick bridge
for Dublin. The principal seats are Crogan House,
Cashell, Fairview, and Hermitage. The living is a rec-
tory, in the diocese of Elphin, forming the corps of
the archdeaconry of Elphin ; it was till lately united
to the vicarages of Kilbrine and Kilcorkey, and the
rectory of Ardcarne, together forming the union of
Killuken, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe
rent-charge is £76. 1. The church is a very old build-
ing. There is an excellent glebe-house, for the erection
of which the Board of First Fruits gave £400 and lent
£240, in 1816; the glebe comprises 13 acres. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a
district, comprising also the parishes of Eastersnow and
Killumod, and parts of Tumna aud Kilcola ; which
district is sometimes called Crogan and Ballynameen,
aud contains chapels at Crogan, Drumacool, and Drum-
lion, in this parish. — See Croghan.
KILLUKEN, a parish, in the barony and county of
Roscommon, and province of Connavght, 3 miles
(W. by S.) from Strokestown, on the road from that
place to Castlerea ; containing 3445 inhabitants. It
comprises 5956f statute acres, the best of which is in
large grazing-farms, and that of inferior quality in small
arable farms ; there is a great quantity of bog. Of the
several lakes, Ardekellen is the largest. Limestone
abounds, but it is not quarried. Killuken is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Elphin, forming part of the union
of Ardclarc ; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of
Cork: the tithe rent-charge is £112. 1. 9-, of which
£53. 16. are payable to the impropriator, and the re-
mainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Kilcooley. There are
several forts, the largest of them called Rathraore.
KILLUMOD, a parish, in the union of Carrick-on-
Shannon, barony of Boyle, county of Roscom.mox,
and province of Coxnalght, 3 miles (S. S. W.) from
Carrick-ou-Shannon, on the road from that place to
Elphin; containing 1857 inhabitants. It comprises
5159| statute acres, including several small lakes, and a
quantity of bog ; there is some excellent limestone. At
Cartron are a bleach-green and a corn-mill. Killumod
is a vicarage, in the diocese oT Elphin, forming part of
the union of Aughrim ; the rectory is impropriate in
Viscount Lorton : the tithe rent-charge is £63, which is
equally divided between the impropriator and the vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Killuken. Here are the remains of an
old church, with a cemetery attached.
R
K I L— L U
KILLUNAVARRA, or Killeenavarra, a parish,
in the union of Gort, barony of Dunkellin, county of
Galway, and province of Connaught, 5^ miles (N. by
W.) from Gort, on the road from that place to Galway ;
containing 1717 inhabitants. It comprises 5173| sta-
tute acres, generally poor rocky land, though, from the
use of sea-weed as manure, the land produces good
crops. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kilraacduagh,
forming part of the union of Kilcolgan ; the rectory is
appropriate to the see of Clonfert and the living of
Ardrahan : the tithe rent-charge is £89. 2. 6., of which
£23. 18. are payable to the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners, £43. 6. 3. to the incumbent of Ardrahan, and
the remainder to the vicar. At Clough is a school to
which Mr. Blake has given a house and 15 acres of land.
There are some small remains of the church.
KILLURANE, a parish, in the union of Scariff,
barony of Lower Tllla, county of Clare, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 6^ miles (N. W. by W.) from Killaloe,
and on the road from Broadford to Tulla ; containing
3058 inhabitants. It comprises 7103^ statute acres, of
which about 440 are mountain pasture and bog, and
nearly all the remainder arable land ; part of Doou lake
is in this parish. The manufacture of hair-cloth and
coarse carpets is carried on to a small extent at Bally-
M'Donnell. The principal seats are Derrimore, Doon,
and Elm Hill. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Killaloe, forming part of the union of Kilseily ; the
rectory is appropriate to the prebend of Tomgrany and
the union of OmuUod. The tithe rent-charge is £153. 1.,
of which £58. 14. are payable to the incumbent of
OmuUod, £'24. 2. 6. to the prebendary, and the re-
mainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Kilkishene, and has
a chapel at Callaghans-Mills, u-liich see. There are
ruins of ancient castles at Monegona, Tierovane, and on
the shore of the lake of Doon.
KILLURE, a parish, in the barony of Gaultier,
union and county of Waterford, and province of
MuNSTER, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from Waterford, on the road
to Dunmore ; containing 124 inhabitants. This parish,
which in its civil relations is considered as forming part
of the parish of Kill-St.-Lawrence, comprises 627 sta-
tute acres. The living, which was lately suppressed by
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, was a rectory, in the
diocese of Waterford, united, with the rectory of Kill-
St.-Lawrence, in 1787, to the rectories of Rossduff,
Corbally, and Kilronan, together forming the union of
KiUure, in the patronage of the Bishop : the commis-
sioners now appoint a curate, to whom they allow £25
a year. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £32. 5.,
and of the whole union £126: there is neither glebe-
house nor glebe. A preceptory of Knights Templars
was founded here in the 12th century ; it was subse-
quently given to the Knights Hospitallers, and after its
dissolution was granted by Queen Elizabeth to Nicholas
Aylmer, for 50 years, at an annual rent of £13. 6. 8.
KILLURIN, a parish, in the barony of Suelmalier
West, union and county of Wexford, and province of
Leinster, 5 miles (N. E.) from Wexford, on the road
from that place to Enniscorthy ; containing, with the
ancient but now merged parish of Chapel-Charon, 651
inhabitants. It comprises 1873^ statute acres, which
arc tolerably well cultivated. The seats are, Killurin
House, the property of the Earl of Arran : Healthfield ■
122
K I L— L U
and Penzance. A post-office has been established in
the village. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Ferns, united by act of council, in 1*76, to the impro-
priate curacies of Kilbride-Glynn, Chapel-Charon, and
Whitechurch-Glynn, and episcopally to the impropriate
curacy of Ballyheogue, together forming the union of
Killurin, in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is
impropriate in the Earl of Portsmouth. The tithe rent-
charge is £64. 17., of which £29. 2. 9. are payable to
the impropriator, and the remainder to the incumbent.
The church, built in 1785, is a neat edifice with a tower,
and had a painted window, which was destroyed in the
disturbances of 1798. The glebe-house is a handsome
building, erected in 1809, at a cost exceeding £1300,
towards which the Board of First Fruits gave £100 ;
the glebe comprises 24 acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisions this parish forms part of the district of Glynn,
comprising the parishes of Killurin, Kilbride-Glynn,
Ardcandridge, and Carrigg, and parts of CoolstufFe,
Whitechurch-Glynn, and the extra-parochial mountain
of Forth : there is a neat chapel at Glynn, contiguous
to which is a residence for the priest, given, with five
acres of land, by Mr. Devereux ; and there is another
chapel at Barntown, in Carrigg. The parochial school,
with apartments for the master, was erected in 1829 by
the vicar, who gave an acre of land, and subscribes £12
per annum towards its support : about 80 children are
educated in it. Here are the ruins of Carrigmanon, the
ancient residence of the Devereux family. Cornwall,
a small fishing-village on the river Slaney, is also in this
parish.
KILLURSA, a parish, in the union of Tuam, barony
of Clare, county of Galway, and province of Con-
naught ; containing, with part of the post-town of
Headford, 4995 inhabitants. It is situated on Lough
Corrib, and comprises 8877^ statute acres ; there is a
great quantity of bog and limestone. Killursa is a rec-
tory and vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, forming part
of the union of Headford ; the tithe rent-charge is
£166. 3. In the Roman Catholic divisions also the
parish forms part of the union or district of Headford,
and has a chapel, built in 1770 at an expense of £350.
About 230 children are educated in public schools, two
of which are entirefy supported by R. Mansergh St.
George, Esq., and the rector.
KILLURY, a parish, in the union of Listowel,
barony of Clanmaurice, county of Kerry, and pro-
vince of Munster, 3 miles (E.) from Ballyheigue ; con-
taining 6480 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the
southern shore of the estuary of the Shannon, and com-
prises 11,090 statute acres, a large portion of which
consists of mountain pasture and bog : the state of
agriculture is slowly improving. Petty-sessions are held
every alternate Monday at Ballynoe. The gentlemen's
seats are Ballynoe and Sandville House. The living is
a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert and
Aghadoe, and in the patronage of the Crosbie family :
the tithe rent- charge is £294. 5. The church, a neat
structure, was lately built by the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners, at a cost of £498 ; it, and the glebe-house,
a commodious modern residence, are situated about half
a mile west of the village of Causeway. In the Roman
Cathohc divisions this parish forms the head of the
district of Causeway, which also includes the parishes
of Ballyheigue and Rattoo ; each parish contains a
K I L— L Y
K I I L Y
chapel. Two new school-houses have been built by the
National Education Board. The ruins of the castles of
Browne and De Cantlon still remain. On the rocky
coast at Mincgahane, the sea, at certain seasons, makes
a prodigious noise, similar to the discharge of cannon,
and which is heard at a considerable distance ; it is said
to precede the change of wind, and generally to indicate
the approach of a storm. — See Causeway.
KILLYAN. — See Killian.
KILLYBEGS, a sea-port, market, and post town,
a parish, and formerly a parliamentary borough, in the
union of Glenties, partly in the barony of Boylagh,
but chiefly in that of Bannagh, county of Donegal,
and province of Ulster, 38 miles (S. W.) from Lifford,
and VZ7 miles (N. W.) from Dublin, on the road from
Ballyshannon and Donegal to Rutland ; containing Sl'^S
inhabitants, of whom 798 are in the town. This place,
which is situated on the north-west coast, was at a very
early period one of the principal sea-ports in this part
of the country, and formed a portion of the territories
of the chiefs of Tyrconnell. The emissary of Philip II.,
King of Spain, landed here in 1596; and in April of
the following year, a vessel from that country, laden
with supplies for O'Donnell, and having some confiden-
tial agents on board, arrived for the purpose of con-
ferring with that chieftain. In 1600, another vessel
from Spain, with supplies for O'Donnell and O'Nial,
landed here, and brought also a large sum of money, in
order to promote the object they had in contemplation.
On the plantation of Ulster, -^^OO acres of land were
granted by James I. to Roger Jones, Esq., on condition
of his laying out the site of a town, building 20 houses
with land for burgesses, and assigning convenient spots
for market-places, for a church and churchyard, a public
school and playground, and 30 acres of common.
The TOWN is situated at the head of a beautiful and
safe harbour, to which it gives name, and at the base of
a vast mountainous tract extending northward ; and
consists of 149 houses. It is the head of a coast-guard
district, comprising the stations of Dooran, Tribane,
Tiellen-East, Tiellen-West, Mallinbeg, Daurus, Port Noo,
and Neptune Tower, with a force of four officers and
56 men, under the control of a resident inspecting com-
mander. A constabulary police force is also stationed
here. The market is on Tuesday ; and fairs are held
on Jan. 15th, Easter-Monday, May 6th, June 21st, Aug.
l'2th, Sept. 15th, and Nov. 12th, for general farming
stock. The harbour is nearly circular in form, well
sheltered, and accessible to ships of considerable bur-
then ; vessels not drawing more than ten feet of water
may anchor near the town, but the best anchorage is in
8^ fathoms near the west side. At sea the harbour is
known by the remarkably sharp pointed summit of
Cruanard Hill, which is higher than any other in the
neighbourhood, and to the south of which is the entrance.
By charter of James I., in the 13th year of his reign,
the inhabitants were incorporated under the designation
of the " Provost, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of
the Borough of Calebegg." The corporation consisted
of a provost elected annually and twelve free burgesses
appointed for life, who had the power of admitting free-
men ; and under their charter the portreeve and free
burgesses continued to return two members to the Irish
parliament till the Union, when the borough was dis-
franchised, and the £15,000 awarded as compensation
123
were paid to Henry, Earl of Conyncham. A court of
record, with jurisdiction extending to £2, was held every
third Thursday ; but it has been discontinued for many
years, and the corporation has become altogether extinct.
Petty-sessions are held irregularly.
The PARISH, from which a portion has been separated
to form the district parish of Ardara, is for civil pur-
poses distinguished into Upper and Lower Killybegs,
the former containing 4838, and the latter 3290 inha-
bitants. It comprises 30,962^ statute acres, of which
4304^ arc in that part of Lower Killybegs which is in
the barony of Boylagh ; 11,0*4^, including a detached
portion, and 51 covered with water, are in the other
part, in the barony of Bannagh ; and 15, 583 J, including
4 If covered with water, are in Upper Killybegs, in the
barony of Bannagh. Two-thirds of the whole are moun-
tain and uncultivated land : agriculture is in a very
unimproved state. The principal seats are Wood Hill
and Fintra. The living is a consolidated rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Ilaphoe, and in the patronage
of the Bishop; the tithe rent-charge is £225. The
church, a neat small edifice, was built (on rising ground
to the east of the town) in 1825, at an expense of £1000,
being a loan from the Board of First Fruits. The
glebe-house is of recent erection ; the glebe compre-
hends six townlands, comprising together 2000 Irish
acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
the head of a district, comprising also the parish of
Killaghtee. A new and handsome Roman Catholic
chapel, St. Mary's, was opened here for divine service
on the 25th of December, 1844 ; it is a cruciform struc-
ture, standing on an area of 8000 square feet, and is
55 feet in height, capped in the Elizabethan style, and
having a tower, yet unfinished, supported by four Gothic
arches : this edifice was designed from an ancient ruin
in the neighbourhood. There is also a chapel in Kil-
laghtee. A small Franciscan friary was founded here
by Mac Swiney Bannig, but there are no remains. Some
ruins of the castle of St. Catherine yet exist.
KILLYBEGS, a parish, in the union of Naas,
barony of Clane, county of Kildare, and province of
Leixster, 2 miles (S. W.) from Clane, and on the
Grand Canal; containing 1216 inhabitants. It com-
prises 2628 statute acres ; and is a rectory, in the
diocese of Kildare, forming part of the union of Clane :
the tithe rent-charge is £85. 2. In the Roman Catholic
divisions it is part of the district of Carogh and Prosper-
ous, and has a chapel at the latter place.
KILLYGALLY.— See Tessauran.
KILLYGARVAN, a parish, in the union of Mil-
ford, barony of Kilmacrenan, county of Donegal,
and province of Ulster, 12 miles (N. E. by N.) from
Letterkenny ; containing, svith the town of Rathmullen,
3644 inhabitants, and comprising 9132 statute acres.
It is in the diocese of Raphoe, and was formerly part of
the corps of the deanery, from which it was separated
by act of council, in 1835 ; the living is now a rectory
and vicarage, in the gift of the Crown, and the tithe
rent-charge is 115. 10. The church is a plain building,
for the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits
gave £900. and lent £300, in 1813. The Board also
gave £450, and lent £50, for the erection of a glebe-
house, in 1818: the glebe comprises 5a. \r. I'p. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Tullyaughnish, and has a chapel. There
R?
K I L— L Y
K I L— L Y
is a meeting-house for Presbyterians in connexion with
the General Assembly, and one for Wesleyan Metho-
dists.
KILLYGLEN, a parish, in the union of Larne,
barony of Upper Glenarm, county of Antrim, and
province of Ulster, '2 miles (W. N. W.) from Larne, on
the road from that place to Glenarm ; containing 605
inhabitants. This parish, which in the Ordnance survey
is called a grange belonging to Killegan parish, com-
prises 'i'^Qol statute acres. It is a rectory, in the
diocese of Connor, forming part of the union and corps
of the prebend of Connor : the tithe rent-charge is
£46. 12. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is part of the district of Larne.
KILLYGORDON, a village, in the parish of Don agh-
more, union of Stranorlar, barony of Raphoe,
county of Donegal, and province of Ulster ; contain-
ing '294 inhabitants.
KILLYLEA, a district parish, in the union of
Armagh, partly in the barony of Armagh, and partly
in that ofTuRENEY, county of Armagh, and province
of Ulster, 5 miles (W.) from the city of Armagh ; con-
taining about 6000 inhabitants. This district, which is
on the road from Armagh to Caledon, was formed out
of the parishes of Armagh, Tynan, and Derrynoose,
under the provisions of the act 8th George IV. cap. 43 ;
and comprises 5743 statute acres of very fertile arable
and pasture land, under an excellent system of cultiva-
tion. A great part of the parish and the whole of the
village belong to Trinity College, Dublin. There are
some excellent quarries of freestone, clay-slate, and
limestone, the last of which is extensively worked, there
being in connexion with it a manufactory of tombstones,
gate-piers, window-stools, &c. : coal also exists, but is
not worked. Linen-weaving is carried on to a con-
siderable extent; and a large number of the young
females are constantly employed in the embroidering of
muslins for the Scotch houses in that trade.
The village, which is on the side of a planted hill
near the Ulster canal, contains 337 inhabitants, and
consists of one long street of houses built of stone,
terminated by the church, which stands on the top of
the hill, and forms a conspicuous object for many miles
round, the eminence being so great that no less than
twenty-five churches are visible to the naked eye from
the churchyard, together with a rich and varied view
extending into seven counties. A post-office here, with
a mail twice a day, is in connexion with the Armagh
and Tynan ofhces ; and a well-attended cattle-fair is
held on the last Friday of each month. A monthly
manor court is holden for the recovery of debts under
40j-. The principal seats in the parish and neighbour-
hood are. Elm Park, the residence of the Earl of Charle-
mont ; Caledon House, of the Earl of Caledon ; Tynan
Abbey, of Sir James M. Stronge, Bart. ; Glasslough
House, of C. P. Leslie, Esq. ; Knappa ; Wood Park, of
Acheson St. George, Esq. ; Fellows Hall ; Mount Irwin;
Bondville ; Ashfort ; Port-Nelligan ; Annagola ; and
Dartan. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the
diocese of Armagh, and in the alternate patronage of
the Rectors of Armagh, Derrynoose, and Tynan, each
of whom contributes to the perpetual curate's stipend.
The church, which is one of the neatest rural churches
in the diocese, was built by subscription, in 1831 -'2, at
a cost of about £1650, partly defrayed by a grant of
124
£900 from the Board of First Fruits ; the roof is of
metal, and the building has a handsome square tower.
There are four schools, one of which is in connexion
with the Ladies' (London) Female School Society, who
give a liberal salary to the teacher, and provide working
materials and requisites for the pupils ; another is en-
dowed by Trinity College, Dublin ; the third by Lady
Hassard, on whose property it is situated ; and the
fourth by Colonel Close, the proprietor of the estate on
which it is built. Two of the railways about to be
commenced, viz. : those to connect Newry and Ennis-
killen, and Armagh and Omagh, respectively, will run
through this district.
KILLYLEAGH, a market and post town, and a
parish, in the union of Downpatrick, partly in the
barony of Castlereagh, but chiefly in that of Duf-
FERiN, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 5
miles (N. E.) from Downpatrick, and 7HJ (N. by N.)
from Dublin, on the coach-road from Belfast to Down-
patrick ; containing 66S8 inhabitants, of whom 1116
are in the town. This place, which is situated on the
western shore of Strangford lough, was a port of some
eminence previously to the conquest of Ireland by the
English ; and, with the adjoining barony of Kinalart)%
formed part of the territories of the native sept of the
M"^Cartans. It was afterwards granted to De Courcy,
who, in order to protect it from the attacks of the
powerful chieftain of that sept, erected castles on every
advantageous site round the shore of the lake, among
which the principal was the castle of Dufferin. In
1356, Edward III. appointed John De Mandeville warden
of this castle, which subsequently fell into the hands of
the O'Nials, who maintained possession of it till 1561,
when the adjoining territory was by Elizabeth granted
to Hugo White, who shortly afterwards erected a castle
at Killyleagh, into which he removed his warden from
Castle Dufferin. Shane O'Nial besieged the newly
erected castle in 1567, when, meeting with a powerful
resistance, he set fire to the town; and a league being
subsequently made between the M'^Cartans and the
O'Nials, they jointly attacked the castle, dispossessed
the family of White, and usurped the uncontrolled
dominion of the entire country. On the suppression of
the Tyrone rebellion at the close of the 1 6th century,
the possessions of the M^'Cartans were confiscated ; and
the manor and district of Killyleagh were eventually
granted by James I. to Sir James Hamilton, who re-
stored and considerably enlarged the castle, which, after
his elevation to the peerage by the title of Lord Clane-
boy, he made his principal residence. The castle was
besieged and taken by General Monk for the parliament,
in 1648, and was partly demolished in the war of that
period, but was substantially repaired in 1666, and in it
was born Archibald Hamilton Rowan, whose grandson
is now the proprietor. It is a large and strong pile of
building in the later English style, occupying an eminence
which commands the town ; but affords no protection
to the harbour.
The town is pleasantly situated on a gentle eminence
on the western shore of Strangford lough, and consists
of two nearly parallel streets, intersected by a longer
street, which forms the principal thoroughfare ; it con-
tains '2'i6 houses, built principally of clay-slate found
in the parish. The cotton manufacture is carried on
upon a very extensive scale. Some mills were built
K I L— L Y
K I L— L Y
upon a copious stream, in 1824, by Messrs. Martin and
Co., and were greatly enlarged in 1828 : in these works
are 13,798 spindles employing 186 persons, and 244
power-looms attended by l.")6 persons constantly on-
gaged in weaving printers' cloths for the Manchester
market ; and connected with this manufactory are more
than 2000 hand-looms in the neighbouring districts.
The buildings, which are very spacious and six stories
high, are lighted with gas made on the premises, and
the proprietors have erected a steam-engine of 35horse
power. The trade of the port is limited, and consists
principally in the exportation of wheat, barley, oats,
potatoes, butter, kelp, and cotton goods ; and in the
importation of cotton, wool, coal, iron, salt, and general
merchandise. The harbour is well sheltered, and is
accessible to vessels not drawing more than 10 feet of
water : the quay and basin are very commodious, and
were completed in 1833, at an expense of more than
£1000, defrayed solely by the late Lord DufTerin. The
market is on Friday, and the fairs on April 10th,
Trinity-Monday, Oct. 11th, and Dec. Uth. A con-
stabulary police force is stationed in the town, and
there are barracks for the North Down militia, of which
this place is the head-quarters. The inhabitants re-
ceived a charter from James I., in the 10th year of his
reign, by which they were incorporated under the de-
signation of the " Provost, Free Burgesses, and Com-
monalty of the Borough of Killileagh." By this charter
the corporation consisted of a provost (annually elected),
12 free burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen,
assisted by a town-clerk, two sergeants-at-macc, and
other officers, all of whom were chosen by the provost
and free burgesses, by whom also freemen were ad-
mitted. In 1840 this body was abolished. The cor-
poration, under their charter, returned two members to
the Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough
was disfranchised, and the €1.5,000 awarded as com-
pensation were paid to Sir James Stevenson Blackwood,
Bart., afterwards Lord DufTerin. The court of record
for the borough, which had jurisdiction to the extent
of five marks, has long been discontinued. The
seneschal of the manor, who is appointed by Mr.
Hamilton, holds a court every three weeks for the
recovery of debts not exceeding £10, and a court-leet
annually; a court of petty-sessions is held every alter-
nate week.
The parish comprises 1 1 ,759^ statute acres (includ-
ing 1235 under water), of which 9S85: are in the barony
of Upper Castlereagh, and the remainder in that of
Dufferin. The soil is generally fertile, and the system
of agriculture improved ; there is very little waste land,
and the bogs are productive both of turf and of bog-
fir. Here are extensive quarries of basalt and clay-
slate, from which was taken the whole of the stone of
which the town is built. The principal seats are Dola-
mont, RingdufFerin, Killyleagh Castle, Tullyvery House,
Ardigon House, Shrigley, Gosean, and the handsome
residence of the Hon. Hans Blackwood in the town.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Down, and
in the patronage of the Provost and Fellows of Trinity
College, Dublin : the tithe rent-charge is £596. 5. The
church, a handsome cruciform structure, with a tower
surmounted by a spire of good proportions, was ori-
ginally built in 1640, but becoming dilapidated, was
rebuilt, and the tower and the spire added, by Lord
125
Dufferin, at an expense of more than £5000, exclusively
of a loan of £2000 from the Board of First Fruits io
1812. It contains some good monuments, including
one to the memory of Captain Blackwood, who fell at
Waterloo ; another to Captain Blackwood of the North
Downshire militia; and a third to the Rev. James
Clewlow : in the churchyard is the sepulchral vault of
the Dufferin family, recently erected, in which Admiral
Blackwood was interred, and near which is a monument
raised by the parishioners to the Rev. Peter Carlton,
the late rector. The glebe-house, towards the erection
of which, in 1815, the Board of First Fruits contributed
£100 and a loan of £1350, is a very handsome resi-
dence ; the glebe comprises 14 acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Kilmore : the chapel, a small neat building, was
erected in 1832. There is a place of worship for Pres-
byterians in connexion with the General Assembly. Of
several schools, three were built and are supported by
Lord and Lady Dufferin, D. Gordon, Esq., and the Rev.
A. R. Hamilton. The remains of the ancient parish
church are still visible, in a low marshy meadow to
the north-west of the town ; the eastern gable, per-
forated with two narrow lancet-shaped windows, is yet
standing. Sir Hans Sloane, the celebrated physician
and naturalist, was born here in I66O. The barony
of which this place is the head gives the title of
Baron to the family of Blackwood, Barons of Dufferin
and Claneboy.
KILLYMAN, a parish, in the union of Arm.^gh,
partly in the barony of O'Nf.illand West, county of
Armagh, but chiefly in that of Df ngannon, county of
Tyrone, and province of Ulster, 2 miles (N.) from
Moy ; on the river Blackwater, and the road from Bel-
fast to Dungannon ; containing 6220 inhabitants. It
comprises 10,559^ statute acres, of which 3154f are in
Armagh, and 7404| in Tyrone. The land is exceedingly
fertile, and the system of agriculture improved ; there
is abundance of bog, and on the lands of Dungorman a
quarry of red sandstone, which is chiefly used for build-
ing and for flags. The river for nearly two miles forms
a boundary here between the counties, and, after sepa-
rating those parts of the parish which are in opposite
baronies, falls into Lough Neagh ; it is crossed by
Verner's bridge, a handsome structure of one arch, with
others on each side forming a continued causeway,
which is frequently overflowed, leaving only the central
arch visible above the river. The surface of the pari.^h
is marked by numerous elevations, the highest of which
are Drumina, Roan hill, and Lowertown, the valleys
between which are good meadow land. There are ex-
tensive meadows along the banks of the Blackwater and
the Roan ; and at Bernagh is an extensive wood of full-
grown oaks, which, with the plantations of Roan hill
and the other woods and plantations in the parish, has
a very fine effect. Limestone, freestone, basalt, quartz,
clay, and clay-slate are found in abundance ; there are
also indications of coal. In the sandstone near Roan
hill are interesting specimens of fossil fish entirely per-
fect, with the fins minutely distinct. The gentlcmens
seats are, Bernagh, a handsome mansion on the great
line of road : Church Hill, the seat of Colonel Vcrner.
M.P., who was created a baronet June 27, K"-46, a
spacious and elegant residence, situated in an extensive
and improved demesne, and commanding a fine view of
K I L— L Y
the river Blackwater ; Brookfield ; Rhone Hill ; Tam-
namore ; and Cranebrook. • The manufacture of linen
and cotton is extensively carried on throughout the
neighbourhood ; and there are three large bleach-greens ;
at Twyford is a paper-mill, and at Lower Corr, a large
manufactory for coarse earthenware, besides others on
a smaller scale in various parts of the parish. At
Verner's-Bridge is a receiving-house for letters under
Mov; and a manorial court is held monthly by the
seneschal of the Lord Primate, in which debts to the
amount of £5 are recoverable. The living is a rectory,
in the diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the
Primate ; the tithe rent-charge is £363. 9. The church,
a neat structure, was erected in 18'24, by a loan of
£2000 from the Board of First Fruits. The glebe-
house is a handsome edifice, and the glebe comprises
229 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Dungannon ; the chapel
is a neat stone building, roofed with slate. There is a
place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. About 2.">0
children are taught in four public schools, of which the
parochial school is aided by £10 annually from the in-
cumbent ; another is partly supported by Richard Lloyd,
Esq., and one wholly by SirW. Verner. At MuUinakill
is an ancient cemetery, which is still used.
KILLYMARD, a parish, in the barony of Bannagh,
union and county of Donegal, and province of Ulster,
on the western side of the town of Donegal, from which
it is separated by the river Esk ; containing 4*43 inha-
bitants. It comprises 'iSj^SO statute acres, of which
47^5 are in Lough Esk and ^O^^; in smaller loughs :
about 18,000 are barren mountain and waste land. The
principal seats are Lough Esk and Rosselongan. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ra-
phoe, forming the corps of the prebend of Killymard
in the cathedral of Raphoe, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £20*. 14. per annum.
The Board of First Fruits, in 1830, granted a loan of
£800 for the erection of the church, and, in 1816, gave
£200 and lent £600 for the erection of the glebe-house,
which has a glebe of 495 statute acres. The Roman
Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church, and has a small chapel. Here are also
a place of worship for Presbyterians of the Seceding
Synod, and one for Wesleyan Methodists. Within the
limits of the parish is a fine sulphureous spa of great
efficacy in cutaneous diseases, over which Mr. Murray,
its proprietor, has erected a pump-room, and hot, cold,
and shower baths.
KILLYON, a parish, in the union of Trim, barony
of Upper Moyfenragh, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Clonard ;
on the road from Trim to Kinnegad, and on the river
Boyne ; containing "84 inhabitants. It comprises
43l6i statute acres: the land is generally fertile, and
there is some meadow and pasture of superior quality
on the banks of the Boyne ; there are several patches
of bog. The Royal Canal passes through the southern
part of the parish. Killyon House, is the property of
the representatives of the late Lady Loftus, but is at
present unoccupied. The parish is in the diocese of
Meath : the rectory is impropriate in Lady Loftus' re-
presentatives, and the vicarage forms part of the union
of Clonard; the tithe rent-charge is £103. 16. XI.,
of which £69. 4. *i. are payable to the impropriator,
126
K I L— M A
and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Killyon is part of the district of Longwood,
and has a chapel. There are some remains of the
church.
KILMACABEA, a parish, in the union of Skibbe-
REEN, partly in the Eastern division of the barony of
West Carbery, but chiefly in the West division of
that of East Carbery, county of Cork, and province
of Munster, II5 miles (W.) from Clonakilty, and on
the road from Cork to Skibbereen ; containing 6209
inhabitants. It is situated at the head of Glandore
harbour, and comprises 13,757 statute acres; there are
about 100 acres of plantations and 1400 of bog, besides
several small lakes. The land is generally rocky ; about
two-thirds are under tillage ; but agriculture is in an
unimproved state. The substratum is clay-slate, with
some calcareous schist and magnesian limestone. The
living, until recently, was a vicarage, in the diocese of
Ross, united to Kilfaughnabeg, and in the gift of the
Bishop : the rectory was partly appropriate to the
economy fund of Ross cathedral, partly impropriate in
the Gumbleton family, and partly united to those of
Kilfaughnabeg, Kilcoe, Aghadown, Kilcaskin, and part
of Tullagh, which formed the corps of the archdeaconry
of Ross, also in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe
composition amounted to £590, of which £99- 5. 6.
were payable to the impropriator, £19. 16. 9. to the
economy fund, £175. 17. 9. to the archdeacon, and
£295 to the vicar; the entire tithes of the vicarial
union amounted to £435, and of the corps of the arch-
deaconry to £774. 16. 9. At present, the living of Kil-
macabea is a separate vicarage, with part of the rectory
united, the remainder of the rectory being chiefly im-
propriate in theTownsend family; the tithe rent-charge
is £442. 10., of which £74. 9. 2. are payable to the
impropriator, £!4. I7. *. to the economy fund, and the
rest to the incumbent. The archdeacon now receives
no tithe. The church, a handsome building with a
lofty square tower, in the village of Leap, was erected
in 1828, at an expense of £900, by the Board of First
Fruits. There is a glebe of 12 acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also Kilfaughnabeg, and has a large and
commodious chapel at Leap. The parochial school was
endowed with an acre of land by the late General
O'Donovan, and there are various national and other
schools. The ruins of the old church are near the
village of Leap, the neighbourhood of which is very
romantic and beautiful.
KILMACAHILL.— See Kilmocahill.
KILMACALLANE, or Kilmacallen, a parish, in
the barony of Tiraghrill, union and county of Sligo,
and province of Connaught, 5 miles (S. E.) from Col-
looney, on the road from that place to Ballyfarnon ;
containing 5098 inhabitants. It comprises 9928 statute
acres : the land, which is chiefly in tillage, is wet and
spongy, and there is a considerable quantity of bog and
marsh. Fairs are held at Castle-Baldwin on June 4th
and Nov. 3rd. The principal seats are. Cooper's Hill,
the residence of the Cooper family ; Lakeview ; and
Heapstown. It is a rectory and vicarage, and was for-
merly a prebend also, in the diocese of Elphin : the
prebend consisted of portions of the tithes of Taunagh,
Drumcollum, Ballynakill, and Ballysumaghan, amount-
ing under the Composition act to £158. 15. 4. ; the
K I L— M A
K 1 L— M A
rectory is impropriate in Viscount Lorton, and the tithe
rent-charge of Kihnacallane is £1'24. '2. 4., which is
equally divided between the impropriator and the vicar ;
the vicarage was till recently part of the union of Boyle.
The church, a plain building in Riverstown, for the
repair of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately
granted £183, was erected in ISl", the Board of First
Fruits having given £900, and lent £500. There is a
glebe-house, with a glebe of 19 acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
called Riverstown, comprising this parish, DrumcoUum,
and Taunagh, and containing chapels at Riverstown
and Ballycash. There is also a meeting-house for
Wesleyan Methodists at Riverstown. Part of the old
church remains, and its burial-ground is still used as a
cemetery.
KILMACALOGUE.— See Tuosist.
KILMACANOGUE, a parish, in the union and
barony of Rathdown, county of Wicklow, and pro-
vince of Lei.nster, "i^ miles (S. S. W.) from Bray, and
on the road from Dublin to Wexford ; containing '2336
inhabitants. The village comprises 17 houses, and is
situated between the bases of the Great and Small
Sugar Loaf mountains, on the road to the Glen of the
Downs. The parish comprises 5401^ statute acres, in-
cluding a considerable quantity of mountainous waste
land and some bog ; the system of agriculture is im-
proving. The seats are, HoUybrooke House, the re-
sidence of Sir G. F. Hodson, Bart., a handsome mansion
in the Elizabethan style, erected in 1S35, and sur-
rounded with beautiful grounds ; Wingfield ; Kilmaca-
nogue House; Grove Hill; and several other good
houses. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, forming part of the
union of Delgany : the tithe rent-charge is £90. 12. 6.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the district of Bray, and contains a small chapel. The
remains of the church, covered with ivy, are in the
burial-ground. General Wolfe was born at Kilmurry,
in this parish.
KILMACDONOUGH, a parish, in the union of
MiDLETON, barony of Imokilly, county of Cork, and
province of Munster, 3|- miles (S. W.) from Youghal ;
containing 3838 inhabitants. It forms a peninsula on
the south- western side of Youghal bay, and comprises
6'241 statute acres; its general aspect is hilly, and the
coast bold and rocky. At the extremity is Ring Point,
about half a mile from which is Capell Island, which is
separately described. The small village of Ballymacoda
is situated about a mile from the coast, on an' inlet of
the bay, from which at low water a great quantity of
sand is obtained. In the parish are a coast-guard
station, a signal tower, and a dispensary : the principal
seats are, Ballykinnelly, which was formerly a religious
establishment ; Ring ; and Greenland. The parish is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyue, forming part of the
union of Kderedan : the rectory was till lately the corps
of the prebend of Kilmacdonough in the cathedral of
Cloyne. The tithe rent-charge is £759. U. 9., of which
£506. 7. 6. are now payable to the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners, and the remainder to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a
district, called Ballymacoda, which includes the parishes
of Kilmacdonough, Kilcredan, Ightermurragh, and Bohil-
lane, and contains chapels at Ballymacoda and Lady's-
1^7
Bridge. There are two national schools, and a Sunday
school supported by the vicar. Here are the ruins of
Ballymacoda Castle, which is said to have been built by
Thomas Fitzgerald in 15'il ; and of an old church.
KILMACDUAGH, a parish, and the seat of a dio-
cese, in the union of Gort, barony of Kiltahta.v,
county of Galway, and province of CoNNAUfJUT, at the
junction of the roads from Ennis to Galway and Ballin-
asloe ; containing, with part of the post-town of Gort,
4149 inhabitants. This ske was founded by St. Col-
man, son of Duach, of the noble family of Hy Fiacrii
of Connaught, distinguished from other Colmans, his
contemporaries, by the appellation of Mac Duach, and
who, after seven years' strict seclusion, about the year
6'20 fixed his residence at this place, where he built a
monastery and church, called after him Killmac- Duach,
whence the diocese has taken its name. The establish-
ment was amply endowed by Guair, then king of Con-
naught, and by his successors. Mac Duach presided
over the diocese till his death : of his successors pre-
viously to the arrival of the English, there occurs the
name of one only, ludicct, who died in 814. Maurice,
bishop of this see, who died in 1283, erected on the
site of the original foundation, at a short distance from
the present cathedral church, a monastery for Augus-
tmian canons, which subsisted till the Reformation,
when it was granted to the Earl of Clanrickarde.
Stephen Keroian, who was consecrated in 1573, was
translated to the see of Clonfert in 158'2, from which
time this see remained vacant till 1587, when Roland
Linch succeeded to the prelacy ; and he being, in leO'i,
translated to the see of Clonfert, obtained permission
to hold this diocese with it in cummendam, since which
period the two sees continued to be held together till
the recent death of the Right Rev. Dr. BuImu, when
both were annexed to the see of Killaloe, and the tem-
poralities vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners,
under the provisions of the Church Temporalities' act
of the 3rd and 4th of William IV.
Kilmacduagh is one of the sixteen dioceses that con-
stitute the Ecclesiastical province of Armagh, and is
wholly within the county of Galway, comprising an
estimated superficies of 64,000 acres. The lands be-
longing to the see comprise 3950^ statute acres, and
the gross revenue, on an average of three years ending
Dec. 31st, 1831, amounted to £875. The Quarta Pars,
still prevails in this diocese ; the bishop, or rather the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners, receiving one-fourth part
of the tithe of every parish. The chapter consists of a
dean, archdeacon, treasurer, precentor, and provost,
with the two prebendaries of Kinvarra and Island-
Eddy : there are neither minor canons nor vicars-
choral, and there is no economy fund. The total num-
ber of parishes in the diocese is 21, comprised in four
unions or benefices, of which one is in the patronage
of the Crown, one in that of the Marquess of Clan-
rickarde, one in that of the Bishop, and one in the
alternate patronage of the Bishop and the Marquess.
There are four churches, one other building in which
divine service is perforined, and four glebe-houses : the
cathedral, which is also the parish church of Kilmac-
duagh, is a modern edifice. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the diocese is united with that of Kilfenora,
and comprises 11 parochial benefices or unions, con-
taining 14 chapels, which are served by 15 clergymen.
K 1 L-M A
of whom 11 are parish priests and 4 coadjutors or
curates. The parochial beuefice of the bishop is Kin-
varra, where he resides.
The parish comprises 8804^ statute acres, of which
about 600 are waste and exhausted bog, and the re-
mainder in a tolerable state of cultivation; from the
e.xhausted state of the bogs, fuel is scarce. The living
is a vicarage, episcopally united from time immemorial
to the vicarage of Kilbeaconty and the rectory of Kiltar-
ton, together constituting the union and corps of the
deanery of Kilmacduagh, in the patronage of the Crown ;
the rectory is appropriate to the treasurership and pre-
centorship of the cathedral of St. Colman. The tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £166. 14. S., of which
£5'2. 10. are payable to the treasurer, £4,5 to the pre-
centor, and the remainder to the dean ; the gross annual
value of the deanery, including tithes and glebe, before
the passing of the Rent-charge act was £45'2. 13. The
church, towards the erection of which the Board of
First Fruits granted a loan of £1400, in 1814, is a
handsome edifice. The same Board contributed £300
and a loan of £500 towards the erection of the deanery-
house : the glebe of the union comprises 4| acres. The
Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the
Established Church, and has two chapels ; one of them
at Gort, a large slated building ; and one of smaller
dimensions at Taernevin, which is a plain thatched
building. Some remains of the monastery built on, the
site of the ancient abbey founded by St. Colman, yet
exist to the north-west of the cathedral, and are situated
on a neck of land between two loughs ; they consist
chiefly of the church, which, though small, appears to
have been of very elegant design. To the south of the
church is the sacristy, and adjoining it is an arched
room in which probably were deposited the valuable
effects belonging to the establishment ; south of these,
are the chapel and refectory. To the north, about two
feet from the church, is an old wall, which, according to
tradition, belonged to a place for penance ; and not far
from it is a holy well, with a circular inclosure. Near
the church, also, is an ancieiit round tower, which de-
clines about 17 feet from the perpendicular. In a lake
in the parish, called Lough Deehan, the waters having
sunk very low in the year 1784 or 1785, a house was
discovered in the mud at the bottom, formed of oak
timber of great thickness, and the sides and roof of
which were of wattle-work of the same substance ; it
appeared as if intended to float, and the timber of which
it was constructed was perfectly sound.
KILMACDUANE, a parish, in the union of Kil-
RUSH, partly in the barony of Ibrickane, but chiefly
in the barony of Moyart.v, county of Clare, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 5f miles (X. by E.) from Kilrush, on
the road to Miltown-Malbay ; containing 6584 inhabi-
tants. It comprises 1 6,868 statute acres, of which a
large portion consists of hilly pasture and bog. Fairs
are held at Cooredare, or Conclare, on May 6th, June
4th and 26th, July 10th, Oct. 20th, and Dec. 20th, for
general farming stock : a court is occasionally held
there by the seneschal for the manor of Kilrush, at
which small debts are recoverable ; and it is also a
station of the constabulary police. The townland of
Gurrantuohy, though entirely isolated by the parish of
Kilrush, belongs to this parish. Kilmacduane is a
vicarage, iu the diocese of Killaloe, forming part of the
128
K 1 L— M A
union of Kilmurry-Clonderlaw ; the rectory is impro-
priate in the representatives of Lord Castlecoote, and
the tithe rent-charge is £228. 9. 3., of which £138. 9. 3.
are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to
the vicar. The townlauds of Cahirfeenich and Acres
are exempt from the payment of rectorial tithe. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Kilmihill, or Kilmichael : there are chapels
at Cooreclare and Creegh. The ruins of the church still
remain.
KILMACKEVOGE, a parish, in the union of Wa-
TERFORD, barony of Ida, county of Kilkenny, and
province of Leinster, 4f miles (S. VV.) from New Ross,
on the road from that place to Waterford ; containing
1239 inhabitants, and 3231^ statute acres. It is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the union
of Rosbercon ; the rectory is impropriate ia the corpo-
ration of Waterford, and the tithe rent-charge is
£123. 15., of which £82. 10. are payable to the corpo-
ration, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district
of Sliewruagh.
KILMACLASSAR, a parish, in the union of West-
port, barony of Burrishoole, county of Mayo, and
province of Connaught, 4 miles (S. E.) from Newport,
on the road from that place to Castlebar ; containing
3548 inhabitants. This parish, the surface of which is
very uneven, comprises 68665 statute acres ; it is chiefly
under tillage, but there is a great quantity of bog. Very
good limestone is obtained ; and there is a bleach-green.
Kilmaclassar is a vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam,
forming part of the union of Aughaval ; the rectory is
appropriate to the prebends of Killabegs and Faldown,
and the tithe rent-charge is £97- 10., of which £34. 2. 6.
are payable to the prebendaries, and the remainder to
the vicar. Divine service is performed in a school-
house. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
part of the district of Kilmina, and has a neat chapel,
built about 1820, at an expense of £600.
KILMACLEAGUE, a parish, iu the barony of
Gaultier, union and county of Waterford, and pro-
vince of Munster, 6 miles (S. S. E.) from Waterford;
containing 1025 inhabitants, and 3462 statute acres of
poor wet land. This parish lies to the north-east of
Tramore bay. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Water-
ford, forming part of the union of Ballinakill ; the rec-
tory forms part of the corps of the chancellorship in the
cathedral of Waterford, and the tithe rent-charge is
£164. 12. 7., of which £76. 3. 4. are payable to the
vicar. 'At Monamintra, near this parish, is a church ;
and in its vicinity, within the parish, are some mineral
springs.
KILMACLENAN, or Kilmacleny, a parish, in the
union of Mallow, barony of Orrery and Kilmore,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 3 miles
(\V. S. W.) from Buttevant, and on the road from Lis-
carrol to Mallow ; containing 322 inhabitants. It com-
prises 1042 statute acres. The land is in general good,
and is nearly equally divided between tillage and pas-
ture ; the state of agriculture has latterly been much
improved, and a considerable number of cattle are
fattened. Limestone of superior quality is obtained at a
quarry, from which stones weighing nearly five tons each
have been taken ; and yellow ochre is found near the
old castle of Kilmaclenan. Patents exist for three fairs
K I L— M A
K I L-M A
at Kilmaclenan, which for several years have been held
at Ballyclough. The living is a rectory, in the diocese
ofCloyue, being the corps of the prebend of Kilmaclenan
in the cathedral of Cloyne, in the gift of the Bishop :
the tithe rent-charge is £69. 4. 6. There is neither
church, glebe-house, nor glebe. In the Roman CathoUc
divisions this parish forms part of the district of Kilbrin.
The castle of Kilmaclenan, and the old mansion-house
adjoining it, both now in ruins, are said to have been
erected by the family of Barry ; part of the outworks
of the castle also remains. A little to the south-east
are the ruins of the church, dedicated to St. Colman.
KILMACNEVIN, a parish, in the union of Mul-
LiNGAii, barony of Moygoish, county of Westmeath,
and province of Leinster, 8 miles (N. \V.) from Mul-
lingar, on the road from that place to Colehill ; con-
taining 1760 inhabitants. It comprises 5016 statute
acres ; and is entirely under tillage, e.xcepting a large
quantity of bog. Limestone abounds, but of an inferior
kind. The Royal Canal runs through the parish ; and
a large cattle-fair is held at Empor on the last day of
May. Kilmacnevin is a curacy, in the diocese of Meath,
forming part of the union of Leney : the rectory is im-
propriate in Sir J. B. Piers, Bart., and the tithe rent-
charge is £97. 10., which is payable to the impropriator.
There is a glebe of eight acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Miltown,
and has a chapel at Empor. Mr. Tuite allows £10 per
annum to the master of a school, besides the school-
house and half an acre of land. There are remains of
the castle of Empor, and of an old fort ; also of the
church of Kilmacnevin, and of one at Churchtown,
which is the burial-place of the Tuite family.
KILMACOEN, or Kilmacowen, a parish, in the
barony of Upper Carbery, union and county of Sligo,
and province of Connaught, 4^ miles (S. W.) from
Sligo, and on the Ballysadere channel; containing '2011
inhabitants. The name signifies the " Church of the
Sons of Oen :" St. Diermit, eldest brother of St. Cor-
mac, founded a church here on lands given by Flann-
Dubh, dynast of the Hy Fiacrii. The parish comprises
354H statute acres : the soil is light and stony, and
principally under tillage ; there is a small quantity of
bog. Kilmacoen is a rectory and vicarage, iu the dio-
cese of Elphin, forming part of the union of St. John's,
Sligo : the tithe rent-charge is £135. 11.6. In the
Roman Catholic divisions also the parish is part of the
union or district of St. John's, Sligo. The burial-
ground of the church, which is in ruins, is still used for
interment. Here are some Druidical altars and crom-
lechs : and a golden torques was found some time
since.
KILMACOMB, a parish, in the barony of Gaul-
tier, union and county of W.\terford, and province
of Munster, 5 miles (S. S. E.) from 'VV'aterford ; con-
taining, with the ecclesiastical parish of Rossduff, 817
inhabitants. It comprises '2401 statute acres. Woods-
town, the seat of Lord Carew, is a short distance from
Waterford harbour ; and from it a low strand extends
about two miles to a projecting headland named Credan,
in which are three caves of considerable dimensions,
branching into various chambers consisting of natural
arches of great symmetry and beauty : they appear to
have been formed by the descent of a stream on the
pudding-stone rock. Near Woodstown is a sheet of
Vol. II.— 129
fresh water, called Bel Lake, which covers about 50
statute acres. In the south-western part of the parish
there is peat ; also the remains of an ancient wood, con-
sisting of fir, oak, and birch. It is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Waterford, forming part of the unionof Bal-
linakiU ; the rectory forms part of the corps of the
chancellorship in Waterford cathedral, and the tithe
rent-charge is £92. \.2., of which £55 11. are payable to
the chancellor, and the remainder to the vicar. On the
hill of Kilmacomb is a circle of stones, about 30 yards
in diameter, inclosing five large stones.
KILMACOMOGUE, a parish, in the union of Ban-
try, partly in the Western division of the barony of
East Carbery, and partly in the Eastern division of
that of West Carbery, but chiefly in the barony of
Bantry, county of Cork, and province of Munster ;
containing, with the post-town of Bantry and the island
ofWhiddy, 16,1SS inhabitants. This parish, which is
situated at the extremity of Bantry bay, comprises
64,56s statute acres. Very great improvements have
been made in agriculture since 1815, and a large portion
of land has been brought into profitable cultivation.
The principal manure is the calcareous deposit found in
abundance on the shores of the bay, and which in some
places is so mixed with coral sand as to be quite as
effective as pure lime in fertilising the soil : sea-weed is
also used. There are, however, still more than '20,000
acres of waste land, the greater portion of which is
mountainous, in some places quite barren, and in others
affording pasturage for young cattle, of which vast herds
are reared ; there are also about 15,000 acres of bog
and marshy ground, much of which is capable of being
reclaimed. The surrounding scenery is strikingly
varied, and in some parts characterised by features of
majestic grandeur. Gle/igarijT, partly in this parish, and
within 10 miles of Bantry, is much resorted to for the
singular variety and indescribable beauty of its scenery.
It is situated on the picturesque bay to which it gives
name, at the north-eastern extremity of Bantry bay ;
and derives its name, signifying the " rough glen," from
its wild and rugged aspect in the midst of rocks, cliffs,
and mountains thrown together in the greatest confu-
sion, and finely contrasted with the richness of luxuriant
woods and verdant meadows, shaded w ith thriving plan-
tations intermixed with evergeens and flowering shrubs.
The Bay of liantnj, from many points of view, has the
appearance of a fine lake, and is studded with numerous
rocky islets fringed with evergreens ; of these, the island
of Whiddy is the largest, and is crowned with a small
fort mounting five pieces of cannon, erected by govern-
ment after the attempt of the French in 1796. Along
the north-western shore rises the Sugar Loaf mountain,
supported by the smaller mountains called the Ghoal :
the sides of these mountains, dark and deeply indented,
are in fine contrast with the bright and smooth surface
of the bay ; and their summits, frequently concealed by
flying clouds and quickly emerging into the sun's rays,
present an ever-changing scene. Far behind is a pre-
cipitous cliff, which for many generations has been the
resort of eagles, and concerning which the peasantry
have many interesting traditions, in connexion with the
O'Sullivaus, the ancient chieftains of Bere.
The mountains are of the schistose formation, based
on argillaceous grit. In a small rock in Reendonagan
bay, limestone is found mixed with the grit, but it can
K I L— M A
be only partially calcined, and is therefore of little use ;
the schistose rocks merge into clay-slate, and slate of
a tolerably good colour is found in several parts. Four
rivers intersect the parish in their course to the bay ;
namely, the Maulagh, or Moyalla, which, on its entrance
into the bay, forms a beautiful fall of 30 feet at Donne-
mark ; the Jiiiaiie, which rises in the pass of Caminea,
and joins the bay at Ballylickey ; the Coomola, which
forms the small creek of that name ; and the Driim-
gariff, which forms the north-western boundary of the
parish and barony. There are also several small lakes,
but none deserving of particular notice. Glengariff
Castle is a spacious and elegant mansion, situated under
the shelter of a mountain which gradually declines
towards the wafer's edge and is covered from the base
to the summit with valuable young timber ; the ap-
proach to the house is through a noble avenue more
than a mile in length, affording in many of its openings
a fine view of the bay and the opposite mountains. At
the extremity of the bay is seen the Glengariff Hotel,
originally a poor cabin, which has been converted into
a very commodious house, and forms a picturesque
feature in the landscape. From this point the woods of
Glengariff, the property of the Earl of Bantry, wind for
seven miles through the glen towards the west : the
trees are chiefly oak and birch, with a large proportion
of arbutus springing up lu.xuriantly from the crevices
of almost every rock ; and the woods are annually
thinned to the amount of about £1000. Bantry Lodge
is a handsome building in the cottage style, surrounded
by a plantation of ash, and now the residence of the
Earl of Bantry ; it is situated in the bosom of the glen,
inclosed by lofty mountains and rugged cliffs : a road
leading from the house directly to the hotel has been
made by his lordship, for the accommodation of visiters.
The other seats in the parish are, Sea-Court, belonging
to Viscount Bearhaven ; Merino, the scat of the Hon.
Robert White ; Carriganass ; Inchiclough ; Ballylickey;
Gurtenroe; Drumbree Cottage; Newtown; Ardnagashil ;
Reendonegan ; Donnemark ; and Mount- View. A con-
stabulary police force is stationed in the parish.
The LIVING is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, and
in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impro-
priate in the Earl of Donoughmore and Lord Rivers-
dale, and the tithe rent-charge is £889. 16., of which
£4"21. 6. are payable to the impropriators, and the re-
mainder to the vicar. The glebe-house, for which the
Board of First Fruits granted a loan of £1500 and
made a gift of £100, is a handsome residence, built in
1816, on a glebe of i9.\ acres. The church, which was
completed in 1818, at a cost exceeding £2000, raised
partly by subscription, but chiefly by a loan of £1500
from the Board, is a neat structure in the early English
style, with a tower of three stages, which, from the varied
colour of the stone, has a singular appearance ; it is
situated in the town of Bantry. Divine service is also
performed in school-houses at Glengariff and Snave.
The Roman Catholic parish is co- extensive with that of
the F:stablished Church ; the principal chapel, a spa-
cious and handsome building, on an eminence in the
rear of the town, was erected by subscription, and there
arc chapels at Calkil and Comola.
On the sea-shore, near the town, was a small monas-
tery, founded in 1466 for Franciscan friars by Dermot
O Sullivan Bere ; the cemetery, still called The Abbey,
130
K I L— ISI A
is remaining, and is used by the Roman Catholics as a
burial-place. Within the demesne of Xewtou-n, about
half a mile to the north- west of Bantry, are the re-
mains of a fortification raised by Ireton during the par-
liamentary war : it consists of a quadrilateral area, and
was defended by angular bastions and surrounded by
a fosse, but the walls and towers have long been de-
molished, and the cannon was at the same time thrown
into a very deep well ; the moat still remains entire.
Not far from this spot is the beautiful cascade of Donne-
mark ; and at another place, called Neu-town, to the
south of Bantry, is a very antique stone pillar in a
burial-ground, with some rude sculpture of men in
armour, and other curious devices. Danish forts are
numerously scattered over the parish ; and, in 1834,
more than 3000 silver coins, chiefly pence, groats, and
half-groats, of the reigns of the earlier Edwards and
Henrys, and of Alexander, King of Scotland, were
found. At Carriganass are the ruins of the castle built
by O'SulIivan Bere, and garrisoned by Daniel O'SuUi-
van against the forces of Ehzabeth ; it surrendered,
after the capture of Dunboy Fort, to Sir George Carew,
and at present consists of a lofty square tower on a
precipitous rock rising from the banks of the river
Auvane, and some extensive outworks. On the same
river, near its influx into the bay, are the ruined gables
of the castle of Hindisart, the stronghold of Sir Owen
O'SulIivan, which was taken by Ireton in the parlia-
mentary war, and by his orders demolished. Near
Carriganass are the extensive and ivy-clad ruins of the
old church of Kilmacomogue, and not far from the town
those of the old church of Bantry, from the floor of
which rise some lofty poplars. There are several chaly-
beate springs, the most esteemed of which is near the
old abbey of Bantry ; and in the vicinity of lake Capa-
nabool is a cromlech surrounded by nine upright stones.
— See Bantry and Whiddy Island.
KILMACOW, a parish, in the union of Water-
ford, barony of Iverk, county of Kilkenny, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 3 miles (N. N. W.) from Waterford,
on the road to Thomastown ; containing "2120 inhabit-
ants, of whom 187 are in the village. It comprises
4445 statute acres, and has some good limestone quar-
ries. The village contains 34 houses, and is a consta-
bulary police station ; petty-sessions are held in it
every alternate week. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, and in the gift of
the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £'270. The glebe-
house was erected in 1818, at a cost exceeding £1500, by
aid of a loan of £675 and a gift of £100 from the late
Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 1 1 acres.
The church is a neat edifice with a handsome spire, for
building which the late Board lent £850, in 1818. In
the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is the head of
a district, comprising the parishes of Kilmacow, Dunkit,
Gaulskill, UUid, Kilbeacon, and part of Killaghy, and
containing chapels at Kilmacow, Mullinavat, and Hill.
The parochial school was built on land given by Mr.
Roche. There are some fine ruins of Grandison, or
Graney, Castle, consisting of the remains of the keep,
the great hall, and three circular towers, on the margin
of the river Suir. It is supposed to have been erected
by Pierce Butler, eighth earl of Ormonde, and lord-
deputy of Ireland in IS^l. During the parliamentary
war it was held by Colonel Butler for Charles I., but
K I L— M A
K I L— M A
was finiilly surrendered to Colonel Axtel, Cromwell's
governor of Kilkenny, and was afterwards allowed to
fall into decay. — See Graney.
KILMAlCOW, a parish, in the union of Rathdrum,
barony of Akklow, county of Wicklow, and province
of Leinster, '2j- miles (S. S. K.) from Rathdruin, and
on the lower road from Arklow to Wicklow. This
small parish is situated in the vicinity of the Crone-
bane copper-mines, and comprises 8 1 6 statute acres. It is
a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, forming
part of the union of Castleniacadam.
KILMACREAN, or Kilmachenan, also called
Cummer, a parish, in the union of Tuam, barony of
Clare, county of Galway, and province of Con-
naught, 4 miles (S. E.) from Tuam, on the road to
Galway ; containing IS89 inhabitants. The parish com-
prises 93 Hf statute acres. The land is cultivated
under an improved system of agriculture ; there is,
however, much reclaimable bog and rocky waste. Here
are numerous turloughs, which are navigable for lighters
in the winter months, but are dry in summer, when
they afford excellent pasture, and good training ground
for race-horses. Limestone is obtained in the parish.
The principal seats are Ballinderry, Ballybanagber,
Cluankin, Currofin, Ardstrea, and Annagh. The parish
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, form-
ing part of the union of Moylough : the tithe rent-
charge is £210. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is part of the district called Clare-Tuam, or Cur-
rofin, and has a chapel at Currofin, which is a neat stone
building. Here are the ruins of Ballinderry Castle ; of
an old fort, or encampment, with five long low rooms,
flagged over, and communicating with each other by
narrow passages ; and of an old church, with a burial-
ground attached.
KILMACREDOCK, an ancient parish, in the union
of Celbridge, barony of North Salt, county of Kil-
DARE, and province of Leinster ; containing 31 inha-
bitants, and comprising 479 statute acres.
KILMACREE.— See Kilmocree.
KILMACREHY, a parish, in the union of Ennisty-
MON, barony of Corcomroe, county of Clare, and
province of Munster, 4 miles (W.) from Ennistymon,
and on the north side of Liscanor bay on the western
coast ; containing 4*264 inhabitants. The parish com-
prises 7403 statute acres. Within its limits is the
headland called Hag's Head, a lofty basaltic promontory
situated in lat. 5'2° 16' 40", and Ion. 9° 2.5' 20" : from
this point the cliffs gradually ascend to Moher, where
they attain their greatest elevation ; that called Stokeen
is 587 feet above the level of the sea. The waves break
with tremendous force against the rocks ; part of the
Spanish Armada was, in 1588, wrecked on the shore.
On the most elevated point of these stupendous cliffs,
an ornamental building in the castellated style has been
erected by Cornelius O'Brien, Esq., for the accommoda-
tion of visiters to this bold and iron-bound coast, from
which is obtained a magnificent view embracing nearly
the whole line of coast from Loop Head to the northern
extremity of the bay of Galway, together with the Arran
Isles and a vast expanse of the Atlantic Ocean. Puffins
are taken here by persons who are suspended over the
lofty precipices in the cavities of which these birds de-
posit their young. A considerable portion of the parish
consists of mountain pasture : the arable land is gene-
131
rally manured with sea-weed and sand, and the state
of agriculture is generally improving. The gtutleinen's
seats are, Birchfield, the residence of Mr. O'Brien, who
has much improved his estate and the condition of his
tenantry by the erection of neat slated cottages and
farm-buildings, and by other judicious arrangements ;
and Moher. The parish is in the diocese of Kilfeuora :
the rectory forms part of the corps of the archdeaconry,
and the vicarage part of the union of Kilmanaheen, in
the gift of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £173. 2.,
and there is a glebe of 2^ acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Lis-
canor, which also includes the parish of Killaspuglenane ;
the principal chapel is at Liscanor, and there is a chapel
for the rural district. The ruins of the church retain
several fine specimens of arches and mouldings, now
imbedded in the walls. At Dough and Liscanor are
the ruined castles respectively so called ; and near
Birchfield is a holy well, dedicated to St. Bridget, and
much resorted to by the peasantry : this well has, at
Mr. O'Brien's expense, been surrounded by tasteful
plantations and rustic seats, and at the entrance is a
neat lodge. — See Liscanor.
KILMACRENAN, a post-town and parish, in the
union of Milford, barony of Kilmacrenan, county
of Donegal, and province of Ulster. 6 miles (N. N. w.)
from Lctterkenny, on the road to Dunfanaghy; con-
taining 9343 inhabitants. St. Columb founded an abbey
here, which was richly endowed ; and one of the
O'Donells, princes of Tyrconnell, subsequently founded
an abbey for conventual Franciscans, which at the Dis-
solution was granted to Trinity College, Dublin : the
present church is supposed to be part of it, and has a
mitred head sculptured in relief over the door. Near
the village is the rock of Doune, on which the O'Donells
were always inaugurated by priests whom they re-
garded as descendants of St. Columb : the last inaugu-
ration was that of Sir Niall Garbh O'Donell, the successor
of Hugh Roe O'Donell, but the ceremony being per-
formed without the Lord-Lieutenant's consent, he was
degraded from his chieftainship. The parish comprises
35,617 statute acres, of -which ~S'2^ are in small loughs,
and 6 in the tideway of the river Lackagb : the system
of agriculture is improving, and there is some mountain
and bog; fine granite is obtained. The village has a
sub-post office to Lctterkenny, and is a constabulary
police and a revenue police station ; a new barrack has
been just built for each of these forces : fairs are held
on the first day of every month, and there is a dispen-
sary. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Raphoe, and in the patronage of the Provost
and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin : the tithe rent-
charge is £506. 5. There is a glebe-house, for the erec-
tion of which the Board of First Fruits gave £100, and
lent £1125, in 1815; the glebe comprises 150 acres.
The church, a handsome edifice, was erected in 1846, at
a cost of nearly £1300, of which £250 were local sub-
scriptions, and the remainder was supplied from the
funds of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the
Roman Catholic divisions this parish is partly the head
of a district, and partly united to Gartau, and has a
chapel in each portion. There is also a meeting-house
for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assem-
bly. Lough Salt mountain, 1541 feet high, is in this
parish, and commands a magnificent prospect : the
S 2
K 1 L— M A
lough, which is S15 feet above the level of the sea, and
■204 feet deep, is on the side of the nmuntain ; and from
its vicinity, fine views of Lough Swilly to the east, and
Letterkenny and the surrounding country to the south
and west, are obtained. In the neighbourhood of the
lake is a rocking-stone ; there is a cromlech at Lough
Keil, and at Milford the Giant's grave.
KILMACSHALGAN, a parish, in the barony of
Tyreragh, union and county of Sligo, and province
of CoN.VAiGHT, 16 miles (W. byS.) from Sligo; con-
taining, with the post-town of Dromore-West, 387'2
inhabitants. It comprises 26,008^ statute acres, the
greater portion of which is reclaimable mountain land
and bog ; the cultivated part is chiefly under tillage ;
and there are quarries of limestone, freestone, and slate.
The principal seats are Dromore House, Fare M'^Fare,
Belville, and Marino Cottage. Petty-sessions are held
fortnightly on Thursdays at Comcall, where there is a
spa. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Killala,
with that of Templeboy episcopally united, and in the
patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in
Colonel Knox Gore. The tithe rent-charge of the parish
is £300, payable in equal parts to the impropriator and
the vicar ; and the tithe of the whole vicarial union is
£30*. 10. : there is a glebe-house, and the glebe com-
prises nine acres. The church is a neat edifice with a
square tower, for the erection of which the Board of
First Fruits lent £1300, in ISW. The Roman Catholic
parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church, and has a large chapel. There are some re-
mains of the church, with a burial-place attached ; two
cromlechs ; and some forts.
KILMACTALWAY, a parish, in the union of South
Dublin, barony of Newcastle, county of Dublin, and
province of Leinster, 7 miles (W. S. W.) from Dublin ;
containing 437 inhabitants. The parish comprises 'i49'2i
statute acres. The chief seats are. Castle Bagot, a
spacious mansion in a well-wooded demesne of about
.500 statute acres ; and Ballybane. It is a rectory, in
the diocese of Dublin, and in the patronage of the
Archbishop, forming the corps of the prebend of Kil-
mactalway in Christ Church cathedral, Dublin, and held
with the union of Clondalkin : the tithe rent-charge is
£138. 9. 3. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is part of the district of Lucan.
KILMACTEIGUE, a parish, in the union of Swin-
FORD, barony of Leney, county of Sligo, and province
of Connaught, 6 miles (N. E.) from Foxford, on the
road to Ballymote ; containing 9097 inhabitants. It
comprises 3'2,533 statute acres, about half of which is
arable and pasture ; the remainder is mountain land,
with some bog : agriculture is improving. There are
some quarries of limestone, which is principally procured
tor building, and for repairing the roads : iron-ore from
the mountains was smelted at Foxford, until the wood
used for fuel was exhausted. Fine salmon are taken in
the river Moy. Lough Talt is situated in the midst of
high mountains, on which large flocks of goats, &c., feed
in summer; it is about a mile long, well stocked with
small trout, and contains two rocky islands, which in
summer are covered with gulls. Near the lough is a
constabulary police station. The principal seats are
Glen Eask and Cloonbarry. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Achonry, and in the gift of
the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £24'i. .5. There is
13'^
K I L— M A
a glebe-house, built at an expense of £1300, of which
the Board of First Fruits gave £300, and lent £.500, in
1814 : the glebe comprises 40 acres. The church is a
plain building. The Roman Catholic parish is co-
extensive with that of the Establi.shed Church, and has
chapels at Kilmacteigue, Barrintogher, and Lough Talt,
the last lately built. There are several public schools,
to one of which Mr. Jones has given an acre of land.
At Belclare is an ancient castle. — See Banada and
Ardclare.
KILMACTHOMAS, a post-town, partly in the
parish of Ballylaneen, but chiefly in that of Ross-
mire, barony of Decies without Drum, union and
county of Waterford, and province of Munster, 12
miles (W. S. W.) from Waterford, and 87| (S. W.) from
Dublin, on the road from Cork to Waterford ; contain-
ing 1197 inhabitants, and 214 houses. The town is
situated on a steep hill, at the foot of which flows the
small river Mahon ; there is a good stone bridge. It
has a dispensary, and is the head-quarters of the con-
stabulary police for the county : petty-sessions are held
here, or at Stradbally, on alternate Tuesdays, and fairs
are held on Feb. 2nd, March 17th, May 12th, Aug. 12th,
Sept. 29th, and Dec. 6th and 21st. A castle existed at
this place, which was taken by Sir Charles Vavasour in
1643 ; it belonged to the Poer family, who are still the
chief owners of property in the neighbourhood.
KILMACTRANY, a parish, in the union of Boyle,
barony of Tiraghrill, county of Sligo, and province
of Connaught, 6 miles (N.) from Boyle, on the road
to Ballyfarnon ; containing 4604 inhabitants. This
parish comprises 13,447 statute acres, including much
bog and mountain land ; the soil is light, and agricul-
ture is in a backward state. Limestone is abundant ;
iron-ore exists ; and a seam of coal, 22 inches thick, has
been discovered in the mountains of Geevagh. The
parish is situated on Lough Arrow, a picturesque sheet
of water at the base of the Curlew mountains, about a
mile from Lough Key, by which it communicates with
the Shannon : the lake is five miles in length and two
in its greatest breadth, is studded with islands, and is
remarkable for the size and fine flavour of its trout. On
the western side, but in another parish, is Hollybrook
House, a handsome residence, the plantations of which
form a pleasing picture when viewed from the opposite
shore. Petty-sessions are held every fortnight on Tues-
day, and here is a constabulary police station. The
estate of Kingsborough gives the title of viscount to the
eldest son of the Earl of Kingston. The living is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, united to the vicar-
ages of Shancoe and Killadoon, and in the gift of the
Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in W. MuUoy, Esq.
The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £79. 12., which is
equally divided between the impropriator and the vicar;
and the tithe of the whole vicarial benefice is £67. 3. 8.
There is a glebe-house, for the erection of which the
Board of First Fruits, in 1819, gave £650 and lent
£150: the glebe comprises 13 acres, subject to a rent
of £2 per annum. The church is a small building, for
the erection of which the Board gave £800, in I8I6 ;
and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted
£305 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head ot a union or district, called
Geevagh, which is co-extensive with the Protestant
union, and has a handsome chapel, ornamented with
K I L— M A
K I L— M A
minarets, at Geevagh, and another at Highwood. There
is a remarkable cromlech, called Leaia Duinnud i (Jniiigf,
or " Darby and Granye's bed," consisting of a horizontal
stone, supported by four others set upright. Among
the ruins of the old church is a mutilated cross.
KILMACUD, a parish, in the union and barony of
Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province of Lein-
STER, 4 miles (S. E.) from Dublin; containing \91
inhabitants. It comprises 286 statute acres, in a high
state of cultivation ; and, from the salubrity of its air
and the beauty of its marine and mountain views, is a
favourite spot for country residences. Among these
are, Redesdale House, the seat of His Grace the Arch-
bishop of Dublin; Kilmacud House; Merville ; Lake-
lands ; Woodley ; Westbury ; Priory ; and Parson's
Green. It is a chapelry, in the diocese of Dublin,
forming part of the union of Stillorgan ; the tithe rent-
charge is £31. 10. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Booterstown.
This is said to be the birth-place of St. Cuthbert, Bishop
of Lindisfarne, from whom its name is derived.
KILMACUMSY, or Kilmacunsy, a parish, in the
barony of Frenchpark, union of Boyle, county of
Roscommon, and province of Connalght, '2 miles
(N. AV.) from Elphin, and on the road from Boyle to
Roscommon ; containing '26s6 inhabitants, and 5454
statute acres. Much of its surface is occupied with
gentle elevations of limestone and limestone-gravel, in
which are several extensive natural caverns. It is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, forming part of the
union of Ardclare ; the rectory was till lately part of
the corps of the precentorship of Elphin cathedral. The
tithe rent-charge is £69. 5., which is equally divided
between the rector and the vicar. In the Roman Catho-
lic divisions the parish is part of the district of Elphin.
KILMACUNNA.— See Lusmagh.
KILMAGUE.— See Kilmaogue.
KILMAHON, a parish, in the union of Midleton,
barony of Imokilly, county of Cork, and province of
MuNSTER, 4 miles (S. E.) from Cloyne, and on the
southern coast ; containing 17S5 inhabitants. It com-
prises '2849 statute acres. The land is generally rich
and well cultivated, and a beautiful vale extends from
the coast up to Cloyne ; but near Ballycotton, during
easterly winds, the sea beats over the strand with great
fury. The valley rests on a substratum of limestone,
which rises to the surface at Moanagarra, where a small
quarry is worked : the higher grounds are based on
clay-slate. The principal seats are Snugborough, Sha-
nagary House, Ballybane, and the glebe-house, in the
pleasure-grounds of which are some fine verbenas and
other exotic plants. The living is a rectory and vicar-
age, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of
the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £3S0. The glebe-
house was built in 1807, by the then incumbent, at a
cost exceeding £1300, with the aid of a gift of £'210
from the Board of First Fruits : the glebe comprises 1*2
acres. The church, which is a remarkably neat edifice,
was built in 1800: the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
lately granted £147 for its repair. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of
Cloyne, and has a small plain chapel at Shanagary.
At Ballymaloe is a very curious old house, built by the
Fitzgeralds, and forfeited in the war of 1641 ; it is now
the property of Mr. Forster, and in the hall are two
133
pairs of elks' horns of very large size, found on the
estate in 1714. At Shanagary are the ruins of a castle,
which was unsuccessfully defended by the Earl of Des-
mond against Queen Elizabeth's troops ; it was held by
the Irish in 1641, but was captured by Cromwell, by
whose orders it was dismantled.
KILMAHUDDRICK, a parish, in the union of
South Dublin, barony of Newcastle, county of
Dublin, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S. W.)
from Dublin; containing 6 inhabitants, and comprising
ISlJ statute acres. It is a chapelry, in the diocese of
Dublin, forming part of the union of Clondalkin : the
tithe rent-charge is £1'2. 10. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Lucan.
There are some remains of the church ; and of a castle
at Grange.
KILMAINBEG, a parish, in the barony of Kil-
MAiN, union of Ballinrobe, county of Mayo, and
province of Connaught, 5 miles (s. E.) from Ballin-
robe, and on the confines of the county of Galway ;
containing 1491 inhabitants. It comprises 3614 statute
acres, which are principally under tillage. It is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Tuam, forming part of the union
of Kilmainniore ; the rectory is partly appropriate to
the prebend of Killabeggs and partly to the vicarage,
and the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £103.6. 6., of
which £7. 10. are payable to the prebendary, and the
remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions Kilmainbeg is part of the district of Kilmain.
KILMAINHAM, a suburban village of the metro-
polis, in the parish of St. James, barony of Newcastle,
union of South Dublin, county of Dublin, and pro-
vince of Leinster; containing 67O inhabitants. This
place, formerly called Kilmaignend, derived that name
from a monastery on the south side of the city, of which
St. Maignend was abbot about the beginning of the 7th
century. On or near the site of this monastery sub-
sequently stood the ancient priory of Kilmainham,
founded in II74 for Knights Templars by Richard
Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, and dedicated to St.
John the Baptist. The endowments of the priory, which
were ample, were confirmed by Henry II. ; and the
founder, after bestowing on it all the lands of Kilmain-
ham, died in II76, and was interred in Christ Church,
Dublin. Upon the suppression of this order, in 1307,
the lauds and possessions of the priory were assigned
by the Pope to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem,
and confirmed to them by Edward II. ; and the priory
itself, which had been previously an hospital for the
sick and infirm, became an asylum for guests and
strangers, and was held by persons of the highest rank :
its priors sat as barons in the house of lords, and
some of them were chancellors and lords-deputies of
Ireland. Prior Keating, in 14S'2, having seized the
castle of Dublin and disposed of the property of the
hospital, was removed from his office ; but he made his
appointed successor prisoner, and compelled him to
resign ; and having given his warmest support to the
imposture of Lambert Simnel, it was enacted that none
but a person of English descent should in future be
appointed prior. In 1535, John Rawson, an English-
man, who had been elected prior in conformity to that
enactment, surrendered the priory, with all its posses-
sions, into the hands of the king, by whom he was
created Viscount Clontarf, with an annual revenue of
K I L— M A
500 marks out of the hospital estate. In 1557, Sir
Oswald Massingberd was made prior by the authority
of Cardinal Pole, the Pope's legate, and was confirmed
in the former possessions of the priory by Queen Mary;
but on the accession of Queen Elizabeth, he privately
withdrew from the kingdom. The buildings of the
priory were spacious, and of very elegant design ; it
was frequently the residence of the lords-deputies, and
after its dissolution was still regarded as one of the
finest buildings in the country.
About the year I675, Arthur, Earl of Granard, sug-
ge.-^tcd to the Earl of Essex, then lord-lieutenant, the
foundation of a military establishment for the recep-
tion of disabled and superannuated soldiers ; and the
Duke of Ormonde, by incessant applications to the
king for the same purpose, received from Charles II.,
in 1679, an order for carrying it into effect. For this
object, 64 Irish acres adjacent to the site of the priory,
and other lands then forming part of the Phoenix Park,
were granted for the site of the institution. The first
stone was laid by the duke, in 1 680, and the whole
was completed in three years, after a design by Sir
Christopher Wren, at an expense of £'23,559. It is a
quadrangular structure, 306 feet long, 288 feet broad,
and two stories high, inclosing an area of 210 feet
square, laid down in grass and intersected by walks
meeting in the centre ; the exterior fronts, with the
exception of the north or principal front, which is of
stone, are of brick rough-cast. Over the northern
entrance, which is of the Corinthian order, is a square
tower lighted by arched windows, with a clock turret
surmounted by an octagonal spire ; and in the centre
of the eastern front is a wide archviray leading into the
quadrangle, which on three sides and part of the fourth
is surrounded by a piazza of Doric arches, affording a
covered passage to the dining-hall in the centre of the
north range. The dining-haH is 100 feet in length and
50 in width ; the lower part of the walls is wainscoted
with oak and ornamented with muskets, bayonets, and
other military weapons fancifully arranged, and the
upper part decorated with portraits of most of the
sovereigns and other distinguished personages ; the
ceiling is flat and divided into compartments, and in
the central compartment is a large clock dial. On the
south side of the hall is a gallery, supported on brackets
of carved oak, and leading from the apartments of the
master of the hospital, at the west end of the hall, to
the chapel, which is at the east end. The chapel is 86
feet long and 40 wide, and has a venerable and imposing
appearance : the east window, which formerly belonged
to the ancient priory, is embellished with stained glass ;
the altar is of Irish oak exquisitely carved, and of the
Corinthian order. The master's seat is under a canopy
in the gallery at the west extremity of the chapel, and
on each side of it are pews for the various officers of
the hospital ; the ceiling is most elaborately ornamented
in stucco, and divided into coved compartments filled
with elegant and finely executed designs. The remain-
der of the north range is occupied by the apartments of
the master, who is always the commander of the forces
for the time being ; and the other parts of the building
contain apartments for the inmates opening on the
ground floor into the piazzas, which are neatly flagged,
or from the upper story into spacious galleries above!
The deputy-master's house occupies a detached situa-
134
K I L— M A
tion near the master's garden ; and in the north-east
part of the grounds is the infirmary, which, with the
late additions, contains 48 beds, and cells for 12 luna-
tics.
The present establishment is for 5 captains, an adju-
tant, and 250 invalid soldiers, selected from the list of
out-pensioners in Ireland, amounting to 20,000 ; they
are supplied with clothing, diet, medical attendance,
and every necessary comfort and accommodation, similar
to those of Chelsea. The institution is under the direc-
tion of a governor, who is generally an officer of high
rank, and the immediate management of a master,
deputy-master, chaplain, secretary, registrar, pay- master,
physician, surgeon, assistant-surgeon, apothecary, reader,
providore, chamberlain, butler, and fueler ; all of whom
(except the physician and surgeon, who live near
the infirmary,) have apartments in the house. The
expenses of the establishment amount annually to
something more than £10,000, and, together with the
original cost of the building, were defrayed by a deduc-
tion of sixpence in the pound from all military issues
from the Irish treasury, till 1796, when, on the surren-
der to government of a considerable portion of the
estates, it was resolved to make an annual grant of
parliament for its support.
The VILLAGE is connected with the metropolis on the
eastern side by a range of buildings along the great
western road, and is situated in a small valley watered
by a stream which, a little below it, falls into the Liffey.
The Hibernian mills were established in 1812 by Messrs.
Willans, for the manufacture of the finest woollen cloths,
which trade they have successfully pursued ; and having
greatly extended their establishment, it now affords
employment to nearly 500 persons, for whom the pro-
prietors have erected suitable dwellings, and also a
place of worship of the Independent denomination. The
election of members for the county takes place here ;
and by an act of council issued on the 10th of Jan.,
1837, under the act of the 6th and 7th of 'William IV.,
for extending the jurisdiction and regulating the pro-
ceedings of the civil-bill court in Ireland, four general
sessions of the peace are held annually at Kilmain-
ham, for one of the two districts into which the county
has been divided. This district consists of the ba-
ronies of Castleknock and Coolock, except the parts
of the parishes of Swords, Killossory, and Malahide
which are in Coolock barony ; also of the part of Fin-
glas parish, in the barony of Nethercross ; and the
baronies of Newcastle, Uppercross, and Rathdown : for
the particulars of the other district, see Swords. The
jurisdiction of the manor court, which is also held here,
on alternate Mondays, embraces the whole of the barony
of Newcastle : debts can be recovered in it to any
amount, but the seneschal never takes cognizance of
any above £10. The court-house, of recent erection, is
a spacious and handsome building ; and adjoining it is
the county gaol, a well-arranged edifice inclosed by a
lofty wall : the main building consists of two quadran-
gles, containing apartments for the keeper, 69 sleeping-
cells, eight small day-rooms, nine yards, two large hos-
pital rooms, a chapel, and ten rooms for debtors ; and
in one of the yards is a tread-mill. Convicts from the
north of Ireland are lodged in this prison previously
to transportation. Adjoining the Royal Hospital is an
extensive cemetery, anciently the burial-place of the
K I L— M A
K I L— M A
original monastery, subst-qucntly of the Knights Tem-
plars and the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, and
still used by the inhabitants of Dublin. In it is an
ancient tombstone of one entire block of coarse granite,
nine feet above the surface of the ground, supposed to
be a memorial of some of the Irish princes that fell in
the battle of Clontarf. About 50 years since, having
fallen down, it was again erected, when many Danish
coins were found, and also a sword of the same period ;
the sword was placed by the master of the hospital
in the hall leading to his apartments, where it still
remains.
KILMAINIIAM-WOOD, a parish, in the union of
Kells, barony of Lower Kells, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 3 miles (N. W.) from Nob-
ber, and on the road from Kells to Kingscourt ; con-
taining 14I'2 inhabitants, of whom 137 are in the village.
This parish comprises 3716 statute acres : after the
suppression of the order of the Knights of St. John of
Jerusalem, it was granted by the crown to the Barn-
walls, from whom it was purchased about a century
since, by the Hon. Colonel Ilussey, of Westown. There
are some quarries of stone for building, a tuck and a
corn mill, and a few looms employed by the inhabitants
for their own use. The village contains a constabulary
police station, and a dispensary ; a good fair for store
cattle is held in it on May 5th. The living is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Meath, and in the gift of the Bishop :
the parish is tithe free, and the income of the vicar
consists of a payment of £50 per annum from Mr.
Hussey, with an augmentation from Primate Boulter's
fund. The church is a plain building, erected in 1803
by a gift of £500 from the Board of First Fruits, and
for the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
recently granted £135. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is united with part of Bailieborough, or
Moybologue, in the diocese of Kilmore, the whole being
called the union or district of Moybologue or Tivorcher ;
in each parish is a chapel. There is a national school,
enlarged in 1835, by aid of a grant of £53 from the
Board of Education.
KILMAINMORE, a parish, in the union of Bal-
LiNROBE, barony of Kilmaine, county of Mayo, and
province of Connaught, 3i miles (S. E.) from Ballin-
robe, and on the road from Galway to Westport ; con-
taining 4877 inhabitants. It comprises IS.'Q'ii statute
acres, principally in pasture, and has excellent sheep
pastures at Ellistron : fine limestone is quarried, and at
the eastern extremity is a considerable quantity of
reclaimable bog, but fuel is scarce. Petty-sessions are
held every Wednesday at the village, which is a consta-
bulary police station, and has a receiving-house for
letters in connexion with Hollymount : fairs are held
on July l'2th and Oct. 2Sth, and are well supplied with
cattle and sheep. The principal seats are Glencorrib,
Milford, Turin Castle, Cloghans, Fortville, and Rath-
graher. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam,
episcopally united to the rectory and vicarage of Moor-
gaga, and part of the rectory and vicarage of Kilmain-
beg ; the union is in the patronage of the Bishop, as is
also the rectory, which forms the corps of the prebend
of Kilmainmore in the cathedral of Tuam and is held
with the union. The tithe rent-charge of this parish
amounts to £299. 15. 6., and of the whole union to
£436. 17. : there is a glebe-house, with a glebe of eight
135
acres. The church is a plain neat building, to which a
tower was added about 30 years since by the Rev. F.
Rutledge. In the Roman CathoUc divisions the parihh
is the head of a district co-extensive with the union of
the Established Church : the chapel is a splendid build-
ing, lately erected by the Rev. J. Browne, a little to the
we.st of Kilmaine, on the road to the village of Neale.
The parochial school is aided by annual donations of
£5 from the rector, and £6 from the curate, who has
also given two acres of land, and Mr. Flanagan a house
rent-free. In the centre of the village are the ruins of
an ancient religious house, with a large burial-ground
attached ; and there are ruins of castles at Turin, Ellis-
tron, Ballisnahiney, Cragdutf, and Killernan. A spring
rising in the village soon disappears, and takes a sub-
terraneous course for about a mile ; in the winter it
forms a turlough. The parish gives the title of Baron to
Lord Kilmaine.
KILMALANOGUE, barony of Lo.ngford, county
of Galwav. — See KiLNAnRONOGtE.
KILMALEERY, a parish, in the union of Enms,
barony of Bun ratty Lower, county of Clare, and
province of Munster, I mile (S. W.) from Newmarket,
and on the east bank of the river Fergus ; containing
737 inhabitants. It comprises 2266| statute acres :
the land is in general of superior quality, particularly
on the shore of the Fergus, where it is exceedingly rich.
At Carrigeary is a small quay, where turf and sea manure
are landed, and whence corn is occasionally sent to
Limerick ; at Cahirbane is the ancient seat of James
Creagh, Esq. The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe ;
the rectory forms part of the rectorial union of Tomfin-
lough or Tradree, and the vicarage part of the vicarial
union of Kilnasoolagh. The tithe rent-charge is £87. 5.,
of which £51. 2. 6. are payable to the rector, and the
remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Newmarket, and has
a chapel at Carrigeary. The ruined castles of Urlin
and Clenagh still remain ; the latter, a lofty square
tower nearly entire, was once the residence of the Mac
Mahons.
KILMALKEADER.— See Kilmelchedor.
KILMALLOCK, an ancient corporate and post town,
a parish, and the head of a union, forming a liberty, in
the county of Limerick, and province of Minster, 15f
miles (S.) from Limerick, and 109^ (S. W.) from Dub-
lin, on the high road to Cork ; containing 31'.;6 inhabit-
ants, of whom 1408 are in the town. This place, called
anciently Killocia and Kilmochenltoi', derived its name
from an abbey founded for Canons Regular by St.
Mocheallog or St. Molach, in the beginning of the 7th
century. Its early history is involved in great obscu-
rity; and of its progress to that state of distinction anil
importance which, from the magnificence of its ruins,
obtained for it, long after its dechne, the appellation of
the " Balbec " of Ireland, little is now known. It ap-
pears to have been inhabited at a remote period by several
of the chief nobility and gentry, and to have been a cor-
porate town either by prescription or by charter granted
at a very early date, as its privileges as a borough are
recited in a charter of Edward III., by which that
monarch bestowed on the provost and commonalty
certain tolls and customs towards the repair of its
fortifications. The town was surrounded with a stone
wall of great strength, fortified with mounds of earth.
K I L— M A
K I L— M A
and having four gateway-towers of lofty and imposing
character, called respectively St. John's gate, Water-gate,
I\ y-gate, and Blosom's-gate ; of which only the last is
now remaining. In 1'291, a Dominican monastery was
founded to the east of the town, by Gilbert, son of John
of Callan, Lord of Offaley, which was soon after amply
endowed ; a general chapter of the order was held in
it in 1340, and it continued to flourish till the Dissolu-
tion, when it was given by Elizabeth to the corporation.
The inhabitants obtained a grant of tolls for murage
in 148'2; and in consideration of the losses they had
sustained in defending the town against the assaults
of the enemy, they were again incorporated by Ed-
ward IV., who also made Kilmallock one of the cities in
which he established a royal mint. In 14S3, it is enu-
merated among the principal towns where a coin of
Richard III., then recently struck, was by act of parlia-
ment made current.
During the wars in the reign of Elizabeth, the town
was a principal military station of the English, and the
garrison was frequently emploj'ed in the most important
services. The place was taken by surprise, in lr>6S, by
James Fitz-Maurice, who put the sovereign and several
of the principal inhabitants to death, and burned the
town in order to prevent its occupation by the Lord-
Deputy, who was marching against him from Butte-
vant. It was, however, restored by the encouragement
of Sir Henry Sydney, lord-deputy, who left a garrison
for its defence; and in 157"2, Sir J. Perrot, the first
lord-president of Munster, compelled Fitz-Maurice to
surrender, and to make his submission to the queen's
mercy in the church of St. Peter and St. Paul. In
1597, Sir W. Drury came hither with a force of 900
men, to oppose Sir John of Desmond with his Spanish
and Irish forces, and issued a proclamation summoning
all the nobility and gentry of Munster to repair to his
standard. Sir W. Pelham, who succeeded him, issued
another proclamation to the same purpose ; and Gerald,
16th earl of Desmond, declining to obey, was de-
clared a rebel unless he surrendered himself within 20
days ; on failing to comply with which, his vast estates,
consisting of 570,000 plantation acres, were forfeited to
the crown, and the earl and his countess suffered the
severest hardships, secreting themselves in the woods
and mountains around the town. Sir Nicholas Malby,
who succeeded to the command of the forces, leaving a
garrison of 340 men here, pursued, with the remainder
of his forces, the troops under Sir John of Desmond,
whom he defeated at Manister-Nenagh ; and in 1582, a
detachment of the garrison attacked the earl in his
retreat at day-break, slew his servants, carried off his
provisions, and would have taken himself and his
countess prisoners, had they not escaped by conceal-
mg themselves in the river, immersed up to their chins
behind one of its banks. In 1584, after the death of
the carl, Ehzabeth granted the town a new charter, with
some extensive tracts of land, and various tolls and cus-
toms ; empowering the inhabitants to elect a sovereign,
to hold courts of record with jurisdiction not exceed-
ing £20, to levy assessments for the repair of the for-
tifications, and grant licences for the distillation of
spirituous liquors ; and conferring various other privi-
leges, as ample as those of Kilkenny and Clonmel,
with e-vemption from all ta.\es except those assessed
by parliament.
136
In 1590, James Fitzgerald, who had assumed the title
of earl of Desmond, laid siege to the town, at the head
of a formidable body of native Irish, but was compelled
to retire by Sir Thomas Norris, lord-president, assisted
by the Earl of Ormonde ; and in 1600, James, son of the
late earl, who had been educated in England, where he
had been detained as a hostage, was sent over to Ireland
by the English government to destroy the popularity of
the chieftain who had usurped the title. The young
earl was received with loud acclamations by the inhabit-
ants of the surrounding country ; but on his attending
divine service at the Protestant church on the follow-
ing day, these demonstrations of joy were changed into
expressions of abhorrence and disgust. The garri-
son soon after surprised and defeated the forces of James
Fitzgerald, killed 120 of his party, and seized all their
arms, cattle, and horses. In 1642, the Irish army
under the command of Lord Mountgarret, Lord Purcell,
and Garret Barry, took possession of the town, which
in May of the following year was besieged by Lord
Inchiquin with a force of 700 men, but without suc-
cess. The Earl of Castlehaven, commander-in-chief
of the Irish army, in 1645 deposited all his mditary
stores in this town, which eventually fell into the
hands of the parliamentarians; and the fortifications
were soon after dismantled by order of Cromwell : they
were subsequently restored by the corporation, but were
again destroyed, by the Irish forces under the Duke of
Berwick, in I69O.
The TOWN is pleasingly situated on the western bank
of a small stream called the Lubach, and its walls in-
closed a spacious quadrilateral area, in which were
several castellated mansions inhabited by wealthy fami-
lies. The mansions were all built of hewn stone, and com-
municated by noble castellated gateways with tlie streets
of the city inhabited by the trading and commercial
classes, of which only the foundations can now be traced.
Considerable portions of the walls are still remaining ;
but of the ancient mansions and castles not more than
two have been preserved, one belonging to the Earl of
Buckinghamshire, and the other to the family of Godsall.
In the centre of the present town is the noble castle
with its gateway, through which structure the road,
now diverted to the east, formerly passed, and in
which the Earl of Castlehaven deposited his military
stores ; it is still in good preservation, and was subse-
quently used by the corporation, whose property it was,
as an armoury and citadel. On the south-west is
Blosom's-gate, through which the Charleville road
passes ; it, also, is in good preservation, and from it is
continued the ancient wall, nearly perfect, for about a
quarter of a mile. Till lately the town had remained in
such a state of decay as to present only the appearance
of a rural village ; but since 181 6, several good houses
of stone have been erected in the principal street, which
is now a handsome thoroughfare, inhabited by respecta-
ble tradesmen. The town consists of 251 houses : the
streets are at present neither paved nor lighted ; the in-
habitants are supplied with water chiefly from the Lubach.
The property is much divided, probably from its great
eligibility as a place of residence at an early period ; the
principal proprietors are the Earls of Buckinghamshire,
Sandwich, Kenmare, Ranfurly, and Cork, Lord Lisle,
Sir Leonard Holmes, and the INlaunsell family. Close to
the town are very extensive flour-mills, the property of
K I L— M A
K I L— M A
Mr. Creed ; and not far distant, on the same river, are
the Gleiifield oat-mills, built in 18'25, at a great expense,
on the site of the old manor mills, and employing about
20 persons. There is also a tanyard, in the town ; but
except for the supply of the immediate neighbourhood,
there is neither trade nor manufacture. The markets,
on Monday and Thursday, have been discontinued for
many years ; fairs are held on Feb. 'ilst, March '2.">fh,
and Whit-Tuesday, chiefly for pigs, and sometimes for
cattle and sheep, but they are very indifferently at-
tended.
By charter of the ^"th of Elizabeth the corporation
consisted, until its dissolution in 1840, of a sovereign,
and an unlimited number of burgesses, of whom 1'2
formed the council, assisted by a town- clerk, serjeant-
at-mace, and other officers. The sovereign, who might
appoint a deputy, was annually elected from the bur-
gesses on the Monday after Michaelmas day by the
council, and immediately on his election appointed 12
of the burgesses to be of the council for the ensuing
year ; by this body all the corporate functions were per-
formed. The sovereign was justice of the peace within
the borough, and also one of the county magistrates,
who had concurrent jurisdiction. The burgesses were
elected by the council ; there was no class of freemen
distinct from them. The corporation returned two
members to the Irish parliament till the Union, when
the borough was disfranchised, and the sum of £15,000,
awarded as compensation, was paid to Richard Oliver,
afterwards Richard Oliver Gascoigne, Esq. The bo-
rough court, which had jurisdiction extending to £20,
has been long discontinued : a court iu the nature of a
court of conscience was held, until the year 1840, every
alternate Friday before the sovereign, or the deputy-
sovereign, for the recovery of debts not exceeding 40s.
Petty-sessions are held on alternate Fridays, and a con-
stabulary police force is stationed in the town. The
corporation, though nominally existing, was to available
purposes almost extinct before its formal dissolution in
1840.
The parish comprises 4074 statute acres : of these,
about eight are in common, and the remainder nearly
in equal portions in pasture and under tillage ; there are
several quarries of stone for building, and the system of
agriculture is improving. Near the town is Motiiit-
Coote, a spacious and handsome modern mansion, finely
situated in the centre of an ample and picturesque de-
mesne, highly improved by the proprietor with orna-
mental plantations, in which, and in the general improve-
ment of his large estate, many of the labouring classes
have found employment. Near the town, also, is The
Towers, the splendid seat of the Evans family, a large
castellated mansion in the ancient baronial style, con-
sisting of a centre flanked by lofty circular towers, and
two extensive wings, one of which, on the west, is con-
nected with a noble gateway leading to the ofliccs, which
occupy the sides of a quadrangular area ; the whole is
of hewn limestone, forming a magnificent structure in a
richly wooded demesne, commanding some fine views of
mountain and vale, and embellished with a lake extend-
ing to the walls of Kilmallock. Abbey Hew is situated
close to the town, and commands some interesting views
and picturesque scenery ; Mill I'iew and Riversfield are
houses pleasantly situated iu the immediate vicinity of
the town.
Vol. II.— 13-
Kilmallock is in the diocese of Limerick ; the rectory
is appropriate to the vicars-choral of the cathedral of
Limerick, and the vicarage to the dean and chapter, to
whom it was granted in 16/4 by royal charter, which
also united it to the rectory of Kilbreedy-Major, and to
the rectories and vicarages of Particles, liallin^ddy, and
Athnassy, together forming the economy fund of the
cathedral. The parochial duties are performed by a
stipendiary curate, who receives £90 per annum from
the dean and chajiter. The tithe rent-charge is £22.">,
of which £150 are payable to the lessee of the vicars-
choral, and the remainder to the economy fund ; the
aggregate tithe for the union of the economy fund is
£603. 18. 6. There is no glebe-house ; the glebe lands
of the union comprise 89i acres, of which Ih^ are in
this parish. The chuucu, dedicated to St. Peter and
St. Paul, and formerly collegiate, is an ancient and spa-
cious structure, built in various successive styles of
English architecture, and consisting of a nave, aisles, and
south transept, which have been roofless since 1657,
when the church was partly destroyed by Cromwell, and
of a spacious and lofty choir, which is fitted up for
divine service. The nave is separated from the aisles
by a series of massive square pillars, supporting lofty
pointed arches, and the choir has an east window com-
bining five lancet-shaped lights. In the aisles and
transept are altar-tombs to the Fitzgeralds, Verdons,
Ilealcys, Blakeneys, and Coppingers ; they are generally
of the 17th century, and rudely sculptured ; the figures
are sunk, and the inscriptions in relief. In the choir
is a handsome monument to the family of Coote, of
Castle Coote. The exterior of the church is embattled,
and at the west end of the north aisle is an ancient
round tower, pierced with numerous windows, and dif-
fering greatly from others of that class. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also the parishes of Tankardstown, Ballin-
gaddy, and Kilquane, and parts of the parishes of
Bulgadine and Uregare ; and containing two chapels,
situated at Kilmallock and Ballingaddy. The chapel in
the town is a spacious building, erected in 1814, and
subsequently enlarged : that at Ballingaddy is two miles
from the town, and near it are the ruins of a former
chapel, the cemetery of which, still used as a burial-
ground, has been planted with trees by Mr. Conte, of
Mount -Coote. The male and female parochial schools
are held in the castle belonging to the late corporation,
and are chiefly supported by the dean and chapter, by
whom they have been endosved with about an acre of
land, and by subscriptions. The union workhouse, on
a site of seven acres purchased for £587, was completed
in 1840, at an expense of £7000, and is constructed to
contain 800 paupers.
The REMAINS of the Dominican monastery, situated
on the banks of the Lubach, are extensive and beauti-
fidly picturesque ; they consist chiefly of the lofty square
central tower and the choir of the church, the former in
a state of great dilapidation, and the latter tolerably
perfect. The east window is of the lancet form, com-
bining an arrangement of five lights, and the windows
on the south side are enriched with delicate tracery ;
the choir is unrivalled for symmetry and elegance of
design, and contains the broken tomb of the last of the
White Knights, the representative of whom is the pre-
sent Earl of Kingston. Parts of the conventual budd-
K I L— M A
K I L— M A
ings, on the north, are still tolerably entire. Close to
the bank of the river are also the ruins of the abbot's
private residence, which after the Reformation was the
residence of several of the sovereigns of the borough,
and was inhabited by the White Knight in 1604. About
half a mil6 to the north of the town are some ruins of
ecclesiastical buildings ; and the site of an ancient
hospital for lepers is still called the Spital field. There
are several traces of military encampments around the
town ; and great numbers of human bones have been
discovered in the grounds of Mount-Coote, which have
been collected and interred near the spot where they
were found, under a monument erected by the pro-
prietor of the demesne. Kilmallock formerly gave the
title of Viscount to a branch of the Sarsfield family, by
whom it was forfeited in consequence of their adherence
to James II.
KILMALOG, Kilmallock, or Kilmalogue, a
parish, in the union of Enniscorthy, barony of Bal-
LAGHKEEN, county of Wexford, province of Leinster,
r> miles (S. S. E.) from Enniscorthy, on the road to We.^-
ford; containing 1408 inhabitants. It comprises 4093f
statute acres, which are chiefly under cultivation, with
the exception of part of a bog called Itty : blue and
white marl are abundant, and building-stone is found at
Garryvarren. The principal seats are Ballinkeel, Kil-
mallock, and Willmount. The living is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union of Castle-
Ellis or Kilmalog ; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl
of Portsmouth, and the tithe rent-charge is £151. 19.,
of which £90. 11.6. are payable to the impropriator,
and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the liberty of Cross-
abeg, and has a new chapel at Ballymurn. Some
remains of the church exist in a large burial-ground,
which is still much used for interment.
KILMALOODA, a parish, in the union of Bandon,
Eastern division of the barony of East Carbery, county
of Cork, and province of Munster, 6^ miles (S. S. W.)
from Bandon, on the road to Clonakilty ; containing
S^Sl inhabitants. It comprises 7347 statute acres,
including 298 acres at Cloggogh, which are tithe free.
The soil is in general light, being based on a substratum
of clay-slate ; four-fifths of the land are cultivated under
the old system, and much of the remainder consists of
rough pasture and furze brakes. An improved system
of agriculture has, however, commenced in the parish,
in two quarters. At Aghalusky, Mr. Jones, with a view
to the improvement of his tenantry, has established a
model farm, judiciously managed by a Scotch steward ;
and the tenants are beginning to follow the system of
stall-feeding, the rotation of crops, and culture of green
(.rops; while in another part W. E. Wright, Esq., has
taken in hand a large farm of inferior land, which by
draining and sub-soiling he has considerably improved.
Near Montcen and Skeaf are some veins of copper-ore,
and at Ballymacarthy or Balinascarthy is a large flour-
mill. The principal seats are Kilmolooda House, Skeaf
House, and Skeaf. The living is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Ross, and in the patronage of the Rev!
T. Walker : the tithe rent-charge is £506. 5. Here is
a glebe-house, for the erection of which the Board of
First Fruits, in 1813, gave £100 and lent £1500 ; the
glebe comprises 18 acres. The church, a large and neat
edifice with a lofty square tower, was built in 1795 In
ISS
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Timoleague, and has a large plain chapel
at Cloggogh. There is a parochial school, chiefly sup-
ported by the rector, under the Church Education
Society ; and a national school has been built lately.
To the west of the church are the ruins of Monteen
Castle, built by the McCarthys in 1346 ; at Cloggogh
are the picturesque remains of an abbey.
KILMALY, a parish, in the union of Ennis, barony
of Islands, county of Clare, and province of Mun-
ster, 45 miles (W. S. W.) from Ennis, on the mountain
road to Miltown-Malbay ; containing 4908 inhabitants.
It comprises 23,936^ statute acres, about one-half of
which consists of coarse mountain pasture and bog, and
the remainder of arable land of various quality : the
state of agriculture is gradually improving. Fairs are
held at Conolly on Jan. '2nd, April 17th, July 18th, and
Oct. 3rd. Lough-Burke, the ancient seat of the family
of Burke, is picturesquely situated on the lake to which
it gives name. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Killaloe : the rectory forms part of the
rectorial union of Dromcliife, and the vicarage (separated
in 183'2 from the vicarial union of Dromcliife) now forms
a separate benefice, in the gift of the Bishop. The tithe
rent-charge is £152. 6., of which £96. IS. 6. are payable
to the rector, and the remainder to the vicar. A church
has been built at a cost of £388, of which £288 were from
the funds of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Inch, or West Dromcliife ; there are chapels
at Kilmaly, Inch, and Conolly. On every hill in this
parish (nearly 30 in number) is an ancient fort or
rath ; and the ruins of the old church are still to be
seen, in the burial-ground.
KILMANAGH, a parish, in the union of Callan,
barony of Cranagh, county of Kilkenny, and province
of Leinster, 4 miles (N.) from Callan, and on the road
from Kilkenny to Ballingarry ; containing 19r)0 inhabit-
ants, of whom 115 are in the village. The name of this
place was originally Kilnamanagh, or the " chapel of
the monks ;" and it is stated that St. Natalis, founder
and abbot of an establishment here, died in 563. It
comprises 5620| statute acres, almost equally divided
between arable and pasture land, both of which are well
cultivated ; there is abundance of limestone, and culm
is raised at Killeen. Here is a grist-mill. Petty-sessions
are held fortnightly in the village, where are a consta-
bulary police station, and a dispensary. The principal
seats are Shipton and Pottlerath. The living is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, and till lately in
the gift of the Bishop, forming the corps of the prebend
of Kilmanagh in the cathedral of Kilkenny ; the patron-
age is now exercised by the Lord Primate and the Arch-
bishop of Dublin, who must present a fellow or ex-
fellow of Trinity College. The tithe rent-charge is
£242. 6. 5. : the glebe-house was built in 1807, by a
gift of £100 and a loan of £600 from the Board of First
Fruits ; the glebe consists of 200 acres. The church is
a small plain building, erected about a century since.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Ballycallan, and contains a chapel, a
plain building, with a school-house adjoining. The
parochial school Is endowed with | of an acre of land.
There are considerable remains of the old church, and of
a castle at Pottlerath.
K I L-M A
K I L— M A
KILMANAGHAN, a parisli. in the poor-law uuion
of TuLLAMORE, parti)' in the barony of Clonlonan,
county of WESXMEATH.but chiifly in that of Kilcour-
SEY, King's county, and province of Leinster ; con-
taining, with part of the post-town of Moate, 35'26
inhabitants of whom 1450 arc in the county of Wcst-
meath. This parish, which is also called Kilmonagh,
comprises 8197 statute acres, of which a considerable
quantity is bog ; agriculture is in an improved state.
There is a large woollen-cloth manufactory. The prin-
cipal seats are Kilfylau, Ballyboilan, Brookville, Moyally,
and Rockfield. The parish is in the diocese of Meath :
the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Downshire ;
the vicarage forms part of the union of Clara. The
tithe rent-charge is £185. 15. 6., of which £110. 15. 6.
are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to
the vicar : the glebe comprises 5.'i acres, valued at £106
per annum. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is the head of a district, comprising also the parish of
Kilcumreagh, and called the union of Tubber and Kil-
managhan ; in each parish is a chapel. Part of the
church remains, with a burial-ground attached.
KILMANAHEEN, a parish, in the union of Ennis-
TYMON, barony of Corcomroe, county of Clare, and
province of Munster, on the road from Ennis to Mil-
town-Malbay ; containing, with the post-town of Ennis-
tymon and the village of Lahinch (both of which are
separately described), 6436 inhabitants. It comprises
81*7 statute acres; a large portion consists of hilly
pasture, and from its situation on the bay of Liseanor,
the portion under tillage is manured with sea-weed and
sand, which are here procured in abundance : the state
of agriculture is gradually improving. The principal
seats are, Ennistymon House, Lahenzy, Woodmount,
and Moy, the occasional residence of Sir W. Fitzgerald,
Bart. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Kilfenora : the rectory is united to those of Kilma-
crehy and Killaspuglenane, constituting the corps of the
archdeaconry ; and the three vicarages, together with
those of Kilieilagh and Kilmoon, form the union of
Kilraanaheen, in the patronage of the Bishop. The
tithe rent-charge of this parish amounts to £190. 1'2. 3.;
the entire tithe of the archdeaconry to £'294. 19., and of
the vicarial union to £'•111. 6. 6. The glebe-house is a
modern building, towards the erection of which the
Board of First Fruits contributed a loan of £369 and a
gift of a similar sum : there is a glebe of 43 acres, sub-
ject to a charge of £10 per annum late currency. The
church (at Ennistymon), built in 1831, is a handsome
structure, for the erection of which the same Board
granted a loan of £1000. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Ennis-
tymon, which also comprises the parish of Clouuey and
contains the chapels of Ennistymon, Lahinch, and Kil-
thomas. The ruins of the old church still remain, in
the burial-ground.
KILMANLOE, or Kilroe, a parish, in the union of
Kantlrk, barony of Duhallow, county of Cork, and
province of Minster ; containing, with part of the
town of Kanturk, 1798 inhabitants. This parish, which
is also called Scarlane, comprises 919 statute acres. It
is a rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne, partly impropriate
in the family of Longfield, of Longueville, and partly
appropriate to the economy fund of the cathedral of
Cloyne : the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £96, is
139
payable in equal portions to the impropriator and the
appropriators. There is no provision for the cure of
souls ; the perpetual curate of Kanturk performs the
occasional duties without stipend. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of
Kanturk.
KILMANMAN, or Clonaslee, a parish, in the
union of Mount.mellick, barony of Tinnehincii,
Queen's county, and province of Leinster, 4 miles
(S. E.) from Balliboy ; containing 4565 inhabitants.
The name signifies the " church of Manman," and a
church is said to have been founded here in the 7th
century. Manman built the monastery of Lanchoil, or
Lahoil, and called it ('orrii;ee)i, or the " hermitage of the
rocks;" it is about two miles west from Kilmanman
church, and near it is a barrow, called the " Giant's
grave." At Killyshane was a nunnery, the burial-
ground of which, with several monumental stones of
great antiquity, was discovered in I768. A manor
court is held monthly at Clonaslee, which is a constabu-
lary police station. The parish comprises l6,848i sta-
tute acres ; and is in the diocese of Kildare : the rectory
is impropriate in General E. Dunne ; the vicarage forms
part of the union of Rosinallis, or Oregan ; and a per-
petual curacy, consisting of this parish and two town-
lands of the parish of Rerymore, and called Clonaslee,
is in the patronage of the Vicar. The tithe rent-charge
is £'212. 10. 9-, of which £133. 1. are payable to the
impropriator, £44. I7. 4. to the vicar, and the remainder
to the perpetual curate. The church is at Clonaslee,
and was rebuilt in 1814. Besides the vicar's glebe, the
perpetual curate has a glebe-house and a glebe of '27
statute acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms the greater part of the district of Clonaslee,
where the chapel is situated. There are two public
schools at Clonaslee, under the Church Education
Society and the National Board respectively. In this
parish is Lough Annagh, which is three miles in circum-
ference, and abounds with pike, roach, and perch : in
the middle of the lake, where it is most shallow, certain
oak framing is yet visible ; and there is a traditional
report that in the war of 1641 a party of insurgents had
a wooden house erected on this platform, whence they
went out at night in a boat and plundered the surround-
ing country. The principal residences are, Brittas ;
Castle Cuffe, in the grounds of which are the ruins of
the baronial house erected by the first Sir Charles Coote,
Bart., and destroyed in 1641 ; Edge Hill; and Coolna-
banch. That this district was formerly well wooded,
appears from Queen Elizabeth having thanked an Eng-
lish commander for conducting a party of her cavalry
through the woods of Oregan. — See Clonaslee.
KILMANNAGH.— See Kilnamanx.\gh.
KILMANNAN, or Kilmannon, a parish, in the
baronv of Bargy, union and county of 'VN'e.xford, and
province of Leinster, 6 miles (S. W.) from Wexford,
on the road to Bannow ; containing 1127 inhabitants.
It comprises 4'25li statute acres, and is a rectorj-, in the
diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union of Mul-
rankin ; the tithe rent-charge is £142. 10. 6. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the dis-
trict of Rathangan, and has a chapel at Claristown.
The tower, or belfry, of the church is still standing, and
from its large size is called the castle of Kilmannon :
here is also an ancient castle called Great Gurteen.
T'i
K I L— M E
K I L— M E
KILMAOGUE, or Kilmague, a parish, in the union
of Naas, partly in the barony of East Ophaly, but
chiefly in the barony of Connell, county of Kildare,
and province of Leinster, 65 miles (N. by E.) from
Kildare ; containing 3496 inhabitants. This parish,
through which the Grand Canal passes, comprises
10,SS1:| statute acres: agriculture is improving. The
village contains 30 houses, and 14'2 inhabitants : a pa-
tent exists for fairs on May ^5th, June ^Qth, and Sept.
'2.5th, but none are held. The principal seats are New
Park, Doro Ville, and Annsboro'. The living is a rec-
tory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare, episcopally
united in 1*82 to the rectory and vicarage of Rathernon,
and the rectory of LuUiamore (which is a prebend in
the cathedral of Kildare), and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £1S4. 5. 6.,
and of the whole benefice £300. The glebe-house is in
Rathernon parish ; the glebes of the union comprise
'2S| acres. The church has been rebuilt by the Ecclesi-
astical Commissioners, at a cost of £55S. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a dis-
trict, called Allen and Milltown, comprising Kilmaogue,
Rathernon, Feighcullen, Rathbride, and PoUardstown ;
and has a large chapel at the Leap. Here are several
Danish forts. A new village has been erected in the
centre of tlie parish, under the superintendence of the
Rev. A. J. Preston, which is intended to be " a refuge
for Protestants," and is now in a flourishing condition.
—See ROBERTSTOWN.
KILMASTULLA, a parish, in the unionof Nenagh,
barony of Owney and Arra, county of Tipperary', and
province of Munster, of miles (S. E.) from Killaloe,
and on the road from Limerick to Dublin ; containing
'2046 inhabitants, and comprising 4S05 statute acres.
The land is mountainous, but chiefly under tillage ;
tliere is some bog, and plenty of gritstone. The living
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Emly, united
by act of council, in 1790, to the rectory and vicarage
of Templeichally or Templekelly, and in the patronage
of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£239, and of the whole benefice £508. 4. 3. There is
no glebe-house ; the glebe comprises '2^ acres. The
church is a plain building, for the erection of which the
Board of First Fruits gave £.500 in I791. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the dis-
trict of Ballina, and has a neat chapel at Boher.
KILMEADEN, a parish, in the union of Carrick-
on-Shannon, barony of Middlethird, county of
Waterford, and province of Munster, 5^ miles
(W. N. W.) from Waterford, and on the river Suir ;
containing 26'20 inhabitants, and comprising 9243 sta-
tute acres. Kilmeadcn Castle, which from an early
period was a chief seat of the Poers, was defended by
one of them against Cromwell, but was taken and de-
stroyed by his troops, and the unfortunate proprietor
instantly hanged on an adjoining tree. The estate was
divided among soldiers of the republican army, who
transferred their shares to a gentleman named Ottring-
ton, by whom several families from Ulster were settled
on the property : the tomb of this Ottrington is in the
churchyard, having been erected by his grand-daughter,
Elizabeth, Viscountess Doneraile, through whom the
estates were inherited by the present viscount. At Fair
Brook was an extensive paper-manufactory, affording
employment to about 140 persons : it is now a manu-
140
factory for blankets, and at Pouldrew are a large corn-
mill and stores : the river Suir is here navigable for
vessels of considerable burthen. There is a constabu-
lary pohce station at the village, and near it is a chaly-
beate spring. The principal seat is Mount Congreve.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Waterford,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is'ap-
propriate to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and to
the deanery, chancellorship, and treasurership of the
cathedral of Waterford. The tithe rent-charge is
£297. 3., of which £169. 13. are divided among the ap-
propriators, and the remainder paid to the vicar. There
is a glebe-house, for the erection of which the Board of
First Fruits, in ISO*, gave £100 and lent £380; and a
glebe of 1 la. 22p. is attached to the vicarage, as is also
a glebe of 15 acres which until lately belonged to the
rectory. The late church was a f)lain building of great
antiquity ; a new edifice has been recently built upon
its site, at a cost of £558, paid from the funds of the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The Roman Catholic
parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church, and contains a chapel. The parochial school is
aided by an annual donation from Viscount Doneraile,
and another school is aided by Mrs. Christmas ; they
afford instruction to about 70 children.
KILMEAN, or Kilmain, a parish, in the barony of
Athlone, union and county of Roscommon, and pro-
vince of CoNNAUGHT, 3 milcs (S. S. E.) from Roscom-
mon, on the road to Athlone ; containing 3194 inhabit-
ants. This parish comprises 8966 statute acres : the
soil is light, and the system of agriculture not much
improved ; there is a small quantity of bog. Lime-
stone of very good quality is quarried, and much used
in the neighbourhood for building, and for manufactur-
ing into mantel-pieces ; a small pottery is also carried
on, which is supplied with clay found in the vicinity.
The gentlemen's seats are, Moate Park, the residence of
Lord Crofton, a substantial building of limestone, situ-
ated in a richly wooded demesne, and commanding from
some high hills in the grounds extensive views of the
Shannon and surrounding country ; and Ballymurry
House. Kilmean is a vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin,
constituting part of the union of Killenvoy ; the rectory
is impropriate in the Incorporated Society, and the tithe
rent-charge is £95, half payable to the impropriators
and half to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of St. John's ; the
chapel, a plain thatched building, is in the townland of
Curroy. There is a place of worship for the Society of
Friends. A school is supported by the National Board,
and another is under the Church Education Society.
In the demesne of Moate Park are the remains of an old
church, the cemetery of which is still used.
KILMEEDY, a parish, in the unionof Newcastle,
barony of Upper Connello, county of Limerick, and
province of Munster, 5 miles (E.) from Newcastle, on
the road to Castletown ; containing 4739 inhabitants,^
of whom 222 are in the village. It comprises 903*
statute acres, about one-eighth of which is under tillage,
and the remainder principally meadow and pasture, in-
cluding some large dairy-farms : here is some profitable
bog, together with about 1000 acres of mountain land,
consisting chiefly of silicious grit, of which there are
good quarries ; the low lands are in some parts based
on limestone. The village is small; it has a cattle-fair
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K 1 L— M E
on Nov. 7th. At the village of Fccnah is a dispensary.
The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick,
forming part of the union of Corcomohide ; the rectory
is appropriate to the vicars-choral of Limerick cathedral :
the vicarial tithe rent-charge of the parish is £86. 1*. 8.
The church, which is near the \illage, was erected in
1665, when the vicarage was created; it is in bad
condition, and has been condemned. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Ballyegran, and has a chapel. A school-house at
Heathfield is now occupied by police.
KILMEEN, a parish, in the union of Kanturk,
barony of Duhallow, county of Cork, and province of
MuNSTER, 3 miles (\V. S. \V.) from Newmarket ; on the
river Blackwater, and on the new road from Roskeen-
bridge to Castleisland ; containing 10,380 inhabitants.
It comprises 36,710 statute acres, about one-fourth of
which is arable land ; of the remainder, which consists
chiefly of mountain pasture and bog, a large portion is
now likely to be brought into cultivation, and the state
of agriculture improved, by means of the facilities
afforded by the government roads recently constructed
through this previously wild and almost impassable
district. A court for the manor of Castle M''Auliffe is
occasionally held, in which debts not exceeding 40s. late
currency are recoverable. The principal seat is Wood-
view, situated in a well-planted demesne. A portion of
the crosvn estate of Pobble O'Keefe, now in progress of
improvement, is within the limits of the parish. Kil-
meen is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe ; the
rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Donoughmore, and
the vicarage forms part of the union of Droumtariffe, in
the gift of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge, £555, is
payable in equal portions to the impropriator and the
vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
part of the district of Boherbee, which also includes
small portions of the parishes of Droumtariffe and
Nohoval-Daly ; the chapel at Boherbee is a spacious
modern building ; there is also a chapel at Cushkeem
or Cuscian. Of the ancient castle of M''Auliffe, the
chief seat of the sept of that name, the foundations
only can now be traced. — See Boherbee and King-
William's-town.
KILMEEN, a parish, partly in the barony of Ibane
and Barryroe, but chiefly in the Western division of
the barony of East Carberv, union of Dunmanway,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 5 miles (N.
W.) from Clonakilty, on the road to Dunmanway ; con-
taining 3736 inhabitants. It comprises S667 statute
acres, of which 53'24 are arable, 140S pasture, S64 bog,
80 woodland, and the remainder rough pasture and
waste land. The surface is uneven, and the soil light
but productive ; about half of the land has been brought
into tillage under the old system since new roads were
opened in 1S'30. At Oak Mount and Lisnabrinny are
extensive remains of ancient woods ; and large planta-
tions have been formed round the glebe-house. There
is a constabulary police station at Ballygurteen, where
cattle-fairs are held on June '24th, July 'loth, Nov. 1st,
and Dec. "2 1st. The principal seats are Bennett's Grove,
Oak Mount, and Lisnabrinny. The living is a rectory,
in the diocese of Ross, and in the patronage of the
Bishop; the tithe rent-charge is £56'2. 10. The glebe-
house was erected in 1790, by the then incumbent, with
the aid of a gift of £100 from the Board of First Fruits ;
141
the glebe comprises '25 acres. The church is a very
neat edifice with a square tower, for the erection of
which the same Board granted a loan of £460, in IhlO.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head
of a district, comprising Kilmeen and Castleventry, and
part of Kilkerranmore, in the two first of which are
chapels ; that of Kilmeen, situated at Rossmore, is a
large plain edifice. The parochial school is under the
trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, and is aided by the
rector ; the master's house is a good building, and the
school is endowed witli two acres of land by Mr. Cox.
To the west of the church is the strong castle of Ballin-
ward, which was built by Randal Oge Harley ; it was
garrisoned by the English in 1641, subsequently dis-
mantled by order of Cromwell, and granted with the
adjoining lands to the Archbishop of Dublin by Charles
II. Here are several ancient raths, one of which, near
Lisnabrinny, has a very curious entrance.
KILMEEN, a parish, in the union ofLouGHREA,
partly in the barony of Loighrea, but chiefly in the
barony of Leitrim, county of Galway, and province of
CoNNAUGiiT, 3 miles (E.) from Loughrea, on the road
to Eyrecourt ; containing 9&0 inhabitants. It is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, forming
the corps of the prebend of Kilmeen in the cathedral of
Tuam, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe
rent-charge is £S7. 4. 8. The Roman Catholic parisli
is co-extcnsive with that of the Established Church,
and has a small chapel. There are the ruins of a castle
at Ballydoogan.
KILMEGAN, a parish, partly in the barony of
Kinelarty, partly in Legale, but chiefly in Upper
IvEAGH, union of Down Patrick, county of Down, and
province of Ulster ; containing, with the post-town of
Castlewellan (which is described under its own head),
7467 inhabitants. It comprises 13,971^ statute acres ;
1793 are in Kinelarty, 5983^ (of which 'Z'Z^ are water)
in Lecale, and 6195^ (of which IO7 are water) in Upper
Iveagh. Of the entire surface, about 500 are woodland.
800 pasture, 150 bog, and the remainder arable. The
greater part of the townland of Murlough is covered
with sand, which is constantly drifted in from Dundrum
bay ; the laud near Castlewellan is stony, cold, and
marshy, but in other parts of the parish the soil is rich
and well cultivated. There are several quarries of
granite ; lead-ore has been found in different parts, and
there are mines of lead and zinc in Slieve-Croob, and in
the hill above Dundrum, which see. Slieve-Croob, situ-
ated on the northern boundary of the parish, rises 1755
feet above the level of the sea. The principal seats are,
that of Earl Annesley at Castlewellan lake ; Ballywill-
will ; Mount Panther ; Wood Lodge ; Woodlawn ;
Greenvale : Annsbro' ; and Clanvaraghan. The parish
is a rectory, in the diocese of Down, forming part of
the union of Kilkeel ; the tithe rent-charge is £375.
The church is a large handsome edifice, for the repairs
of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently
granted £109; divine service is also performed in the
market-house at Castlewellan. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, called
Castlewellan, and has chapels at Castlewellan, Augh-
lisnafin, and Ballywillwill. At Castlewellan are likewise
meeting-houses for Presbyterians of the General As-
sembly, and Wesleyan Methodists. The parochial school,
near the church, is supported by the Marquess of Down-
K I L-M E
shire and the rector ; the late marquess gave the master
a house, a garden, and an acre of land. There are other
public schools ; one of them aided by Earl Annesley,
and some in connexion with the National Board of
Education. At Sliddery ford, near Dundrum, is a
cromlech, the table-stone of which is flat on the upper
surface, and convex beneath, resting upon three upright
stones, each four feet high ; near this cromlech is a
circle of upright stones, the entrance of svhich is marked
by two stones larger than the rest. On a hill called
Slieve-na-boil-trough, and near a small lake, is another
cromlech, consisting of a table-stone of rough grit, in
the shape of a coffin, ten feet long, and five feet in the
broadest part, resting on three supporters, about 65
feet from the ground.
KILMELCHEDOR, or Kilmai.keader, a parish,
in the union of Tralee, barony of Corkaguiney,
county of Kerry, and province of Munster, 2i miles
(N. N. W.) from Dingle, and on the eastern side of
Smerwick harbour ; containing ^S.'JS inhabitants. It
comprises 5900 statute acres, which chiefly consist of
mountain pasture and bog. From the improvement of
the roads in this district, and the abundance of sea
manure, the state of agriculture is gradually improving :
some of the inhabitants are employed in the fishery of
Smerwick harbour, and salmon is taken at the mouth
of the Moorstown river, which runs into the harbour,
and partly bounds the parish on the north. Kilmel-
chedor is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe : the
rectory is partly impropriate in Lord Ventry ; the re-
mainder, with the vicarage, one-fifth of the rectory of
Ardfert, and the entire rectory of Fenit, constituting
the union and corps of the chancellorship of the cathe-
dral of Ardfert, in the gift of the Bishop. The tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £62. 5., of which £9. 15.
are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to
the incumbent ; the entire tithe of the benefice amounts
to £167. 1. 6. There is no church or glebe-house, but
there is a glebe of about five acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Keel or Terrcter, which also comprises the parishes
of Dunurlin, Donquin, Kilquane, and Marhyn, and the
detached portion of South Cloghane called the Lateeves :
there is a chapel at Carrig, near the village of Muriagh,
in this parish ; and another at Boulteens, in the parish
of Duimrlin.
The parish is remarkable for its remains of antiquity,
among which the most curious is one of the stone-
roofed anchorite cells, supposed to be the most ancient
description of buildings in Ireland, except the round
towers. It is about 20 feet long, 10 wide, and 20 high,
with a small door at one end and a neat window at the
other, and is formed by a kind of parabolic arch entirely
of stone, strongly jointed, but without mortar ; it is
still nearly perfect. Near it is the ancient castle of
Gallerus, built by one of the Knights of Kerry. The
church of Kilmelchcdor, now in ruins, is one of the
olde-st in the county, and is said to have been built by
the Spaniards ; at the entrance is a finely sculptured
Norman arch. Some of the tombstones are inscribed
with Ogham and other ancient characters, and in the
churchyard is a curious stone cross of considerable size.
At Kill are the ruins of a friary, also supposed to have
been founded by the Spaniards when they colonised
this district ; and in the vicinity are the remains of an
142
K I L— M I
old fortification, and another stone-roofed cell, but in a
less perfect state than the preceding. The beautiful
crystals called " Kerry diamonds" are found on the
rocky shore of the parish.
KILMENAN, a parish, in the barony of Fassadin-
ING, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of
Leinster, 2f miles (S. by W.) from Ballynakill, and
near the river Nore ; containing 319 inhabitants, and
lOOS-j statute acres. It is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the union of
Attanagh ; the tithe rent-charge is £45. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Ballyragget.
KILMESSAN, a parish, in the union of Dun-
shaughlin, barony of Lower Deece, county of
Meath, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (N. W.)
from Dunshaughlin, on the road to Bective-Bridge ;
containing 7*3 inhabitants, of whom 138 are in the
village, which contains 25 houses. The parish com-
prises 3337 statute acres. Swainstown is a handsome
residence in an extensive and well-planted demesne.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, united
episcopally, in 1S28, to the chapelry of Macetown, and
in the patronage of the Marquess of Drogheda, in whom
the rectory is impropriate. The tithe rent-charge of
the parish is £16S. 15., of which £3". 10. are payable
to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar;
the gross value of the vicarial benefice, tithe and glebe
inclusive, before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was
£321. There is a glebe-house, with a glebe of 12|
acres valued at £28 per annum. The church, built in
1731, is a neat structure, for the repair of which the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £297-
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Dunsany, and has a handsome chapel
at Kilmessan.
KILMICHAEL, county Clare. — See Kilmihill.
KILMICHAEL, a parish, in the union of Dunman-
way, partly in the Western division of the barony of
East Carbery, but chiefly in the barony of West
Muskerry, county of Cork, and province of Munster,
6 miles (S. S. W.) from Macroom, on the road to Dun-
manway ; containing 6250 inhabitants. It comprises
20,869 statute acres ; about half is good pasture, one-
third arable, and the remainder bog and mountain.
The substratum is slaty, containing indications of
copper, particularly in the bed of the river Lee, which
separates this parish from Kinneigh. Here is a con-
stabulary police station. The principal seats are Cool-
daniel, Carrigbuoy, and Greenville, in the demesne of
which last are some lakes with great numbers of swans
and water-fowl ; also an ancient rath, now planted,
where a bag of copper coins, and several apartments
communicating by narrow passages, have been dis-
covered. The house was attacked in 1822 by the
Whiteboys, who were repulsed, and several of them
killed. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Cork, episcopally united, in 1797, to part of
the rectory and vicarage of Macloneigh, and in the
patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £519. S., and of the entire benefice £706. 15.
There is no glebe-house ; the glebe of Kilmichael com-
prises 7 acres, and in Macloneigh is a glebe of 48 acres.
The church, a small building accommodating 80 persons,
was lately erected by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners,
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at a cost of £450. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parisli is the head of a district, comprising also
Macloneigh, Kilmurry, and Duuisky, and containing
three chapels, two in Kilmichael, and one in Maclo-
neigh.
KILMICHAELOGUE.— See Gorey.
KILMICKLIN,orKiLMiLCON,a parish, inthe barony
of Clanwilliam, union and county of Tn'rEitAiiY, and
province of Munster, 3^ miles (N. E.) from Tipperary,
on the new line of road to Nenagh ; containing l6l in-
habitants, and comprising 588 statute acres. It is
a rectory, in the diocese of Emly, entirely appropriate
to the archbishop's mensal ; the tithe rent-charge is
£14. 5.
KILMIHILL, or Kilmichael, a parish, in the union
of KiLRUSH, barony of Clonderlaw, county of Clare,
and province of Munster, 8 miles (W. N. \V.) from
Kildysart, and on the road from Kilrush to Ennis ;
containing 5090 inhabitants, of whom 118 are in the
village. It comprises 18,77-i statute acres, about two-
thirds of which consist of arable land of medium
quality, and the remainder principally of mountain pas-
ture : there is a considerable portion of waste and bog.
Fairs are held at the village on May 19th, July 18th,
and Sept. '29th ; and a court for the manor of Crovrea-
han is occasionally held at Kilmichael by the seneschal,
in which small debts are recoverable. The parish is in
the diocese of Killaloe ; the rectory is impropriate in
the representatives of Lord Castlecoote and in Biudon
Scott, Esq., and the vicarage forms part of the union of
Kilfarboy. The tithe rent-charge is £144, of which
£47. 1. 6. are payable to Lord Castlecoote's represen-
tatives, £41. 10. 9. to Mr. Scott, and the remainder to
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is the head of a district, which also comprises the parish
of Kilmacduane and contains the chapel of Kilmichael,
and those of Cooreclare and Creegh in Kilmacduane.
The ruins of the church still remain, in the burial-
ground.
KILMINA, a parish, in the union of Westport,
barony of Burrishoole, county of Mayo, and province
of CoNNAtJGHT ; adjoining the post-town of Newport,
and containing, with several inhabited islands, 78/6
inhabitants. It comprises 10,76'2 statute acres, of which
five-sixths are arable and pasture, and a small quantity
bog. Rosslands, a seat in the parish, is delightfully
situated on a creek of Clew bay, in which are several
islands. The chief are, Inishbee, Inishcuttle, and Inish-
nakellive, the property of Sir S. O'Malley, Bart. ;
Inishduff, on which are the ruins of an ancient church ;
Inishgowley, Island Tagart, Clynish (a tithe-free island),
and Inishturk, the property of the Marquess of Sligo ;
Inishrahen, Inishee, Inishleague ; and Inishugh, on
which last is a coast-guard station ; also a remarkable
clay cliff, 90 feet high. The parish is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Tuam, and in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the rectory is partly appropriate to the vicarage, and
the tithe rent-charge is £'26'2. 10., of which £'23'2. 4. are
payable to the vicar. There is no glebe-house, but a
glebe of seven acres on Calf Island. The church was
erected in 1835, by a grant of £900 from the Board of
First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising this parish
and Kilmaclasser, in each of which is a chapel ; that of
Kilmina is a large handsome building, erected in 1822
143
at an e.vpense of fl'iOO. There are two public schools,
one of \\hich is under the National Board ; the other is
at the Roman Catholic chapel. On the island of Cly-
nish is a very ancient burial-place, in which stone coninH
are frequently found ; and in the township of Killeen,
where the vicar resides, is a graveyard, supposed to be
the oldest in the county ; it lies in a small creek, and is
surrounded by four Danish forts : coflins of very rude
description have been raised in the fields adjoining it,
and one measuring more than six feet, composed of long
and weighty stones, was raised in 1845, but there was
not a vestige of a skeleton. Traces exist in the parish
of Druidical altars ; and bones of animals, supposed to
have been offered in sacrifice, are commonly dug from a
depth in the ground.
KILMOCAIIILL, a parish, in the barony of Gow-
RAN, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of
Leinster, '2i miles (N.) from Gowran, and on the road
from Dublin to Waterford ; containing 155'2 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 4593^ statute acres, and is mostly
good arable land, with the exception of 100 acres of
mountain land at Knockadeen. Limestone and flag-
stone abound, and there is a marble-quarry at Butler s
Grove : indications of coal exist on the edge of the
parish, adjoining Shankill. Here is a corn-mill worked
by a small stream, which falls into the Barrow. The
principal scats are. Mount Rothe, the property of Sir
T. M'^Kenny, Bart. ; Viewmount ; and Paulstown Castle,
an ancient square pile of building, said to have formerly
been the residence of Sir Pearse Butler. The living is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Leighlin, and in the patronage
of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in the Master
and Brethren of the Hospital of the Holy Ghost, Water-
ford, and in Henry Flood, Esq. The tithe rent-charge
is £'277. 10., of which £150 are payable to the impro-
priators, and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe-
house was built in IS^e, by a gift of £400, and a loan
of £300, from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe
consists of five acres. The church is a neat structure,
for the erection of which the Board of First Fruits, in
1806, gave £500. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Grange- Silvae.
KILMOCAR, a parish, in the barony of Fassa-
DiNiNG, union and county of Kilkenny, and province
of Leinster, 3:^ miles (S. W.) from Castlecomcr, and
near the river Nore ; containing 1997 inhabitants. It
comprises 48 15^ statute acres, of which about two-
thirds are arable and pasture, and the remainder moun-
tain. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossor>-,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is im-
propriate in the Marquess of Ormonde, and the tithe
rent-charge is £193. 10., of which £1'27. 10. arc payable
to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly
in the district of Conahy, and partly in that of Bally-
raggef.
KILMOCREE, a parish, in the barony of Forth,
union and county of Wexford, and province of Lein-
ster, 3 miles (S. by E.) from Wexford; on the south-
western part of Wexford harbour, and on the high road
from Wexford to Killiuick and Rosslare ; containing
218 inhabitants. It comprises II 12^ statute acres,
which are partly under tillage, but chiefly in pasture ;
the cultivation of green crops has been introduced, and
agriculture generally is in an improved state. A small
K I L-M O
ialet, separating this parish from KiUinick, is navigable
for lighters, which bring up coal and other articles.
Grange, a seat in the parish, is agreeably situated in a
thriving plantation near the shore of the harbour. Kil-
mocree is au impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Ferns,
forming part of the union of KiUinick ; the rectory is
impropnate in the Earl of Portsmouth, and the tithe
rent-charge is £44. IS. S., of which £13. S. 6. are payable
to the impropriator, and the remainder to the curate.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilmocree is part of
the district of Piercetown, and has a chapel on the bor-
der of the parish. The ruins of the church still remain,
in the burial-ground.
KILMODUM, a parish, in the union of Kilkenny,
partly in the barony of F.\ssadtning, but chiefly in the
barony of Go\vr.\n, county of Kilkenny, and province
of Leinster, 4| miles (S.) from Castlecomer ; on the
river Dinin and the road to Kilkenny ; containing 1119
inhabitants, and comprising 3425 statute acres. It is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the
union of Dunmore ; the rectory is impropriate in the
corporation of Kilkenny, and the tithe rent-charge is
£157. 10., of which £105 are payable to the impropria-
tors, and £5'2. 10. to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is part of St. John's district.
KILMODUMOGE, a parish, in the barony of F.vs-
s.^DiNiNG, union and county of Kilkenny, and province
of Leinster, 5^ miles (S. by \V.) from Castlecomer;
containing 551 inhabitants, and comprising 17 -6|
statute acres. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Ossory, forming part of the union of Mothell ;
the tithe rent-charge is £118. 9. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Muckalee.
KILMOE, a parish, in the union of Skibbereen,
Western division of the barony of West C.irbery,
county of Cork, and province of Munster; containing,
with the villages of Rock Island and Crookhaven (both
of which are described under their respective heads),
7'234 inhabitants. It forms a peninsula on the southern
coast, bounded by Dunmanus bay and Crookhaven j
and comprises 13,994 statute acres. About one-third
of the land is under tillage, chiefly by spade husbandry,
and the remainder is bog and mountain land, but the
bases of the mountains afiford good pasturage ; the
highest mountain is Cahir, near ^lizen Head. The
scenery is very bold and interesting. The mountains
are of schistose formation, based on argillaceous grit,
with veins of quartz intermingled ; deposits of copper
are found in various places, and masses of it are to be
seen in the mountain streams, but no mines have been
ojjened. There are several small lakes. On the western
and southern boundaries are three remarkable head-
lands; namely, Three- Castle Head; Mizen Head, called
by Ptolemy Xotiiim, or the South Promontory, it being
the most south-western land in Ireland, in lat. 51° 26'
16", and Ion. 9' 50'; and Brow Head, also said to be
the \oiium of Ptolemy. Dunmanus bay, which bounds
the parish on the north-west, has deep water and good
anchorage almost as far up as Mannin Island, but is
greatly exposed to westerly winds, and is little fre-
quented except by small vessels, which can ride in Dun-
manus creek or above Mannin Island. Besides this
island, there are in the bay, Owen, Horse, Colt, Lamb,
Bird, Furze, and Carbery Islands, of which, the last is
144
K I L— M O
inhabited. Within the limits of the parish are nume-
rous bays and creeks; the principal are Ballydevlin bay,
Crookhaven, and Barley Cove, in each of which is good
anchorage. Petty-sessions are held at Tourmore on
alternate Wednesdays, and there is a constabulary police
station at Goleen. The seats are Rockview, Seaview,
Rock-Island House, Ballydevlin, Crookhaven House,
Ballynaule, Goleen House, and Tourmore. The living
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, and in
the alternate patronage of the Crown and the Bishop :
the tithe rent-charge is £375. There is no glebe-house;
the glebe comprises Ja. 4p., and here are some extensive
tracts of mountain land belonging to the see of Cork,
now in the hands of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
The church, at Crookhaven, has been rebuilt at a cost
of £732, of which £5S2 were from the funds of the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and £150 were raised by
subscription. In the Rowan Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of West Skull, and has
a chapel at Goleen, built in 1806. The three castles
which give name to the promontory of Three-Castle
Head are detached buildings, within a gun-shot of each
other ; they are on the clifiF, near a spacious and very
clear lake, and are stated to have been built by the
Mahonys in the loth century. At Ballydevlin is a
castle called Desmond Castle, built in 1495, hkewise by
the Mahonys. Some remains of ancient castles also
exist at Lisgriffin, and on the shore of the lake of Dun-
kelly ; and near the head of Barley Cove are the ruins
of the old parochial church.
KILjMOGANNY, a parish, in the union of Callan,
barony of Kells, county of Kilkenny, and province of
Leinster, 5 miles (S. W.) from Knocktopher, and on
the road from Kilkenny to Carrick-on-Suir ; containing
2635 inhabitants, of whom 593 are in the village.
During the parliamentary war, a party of Cromwell's
troops had a skirmish here with the Walsh party, of
Castlehall, which they defeated : William HI. passed a
night at Rossenarre, on his way to Limerick. The
parish comprises 7454| statute acres, including about
500 acres of woodland and a large tract of mountain :
it contains slate, limestone, freestone, and flagstone;
also a mill. A patent for two fairs exists, but they are
not much frequented. Rossenarre, the residence of
W. Morris Reade, Esq., is an elegant seat in a demesne
of 600 acres, about 200 of which are planted. The
village consists of 105 houses, generally handsome and
well built, and has lately been much improved; contains
a receiving-house for letters under Kilkenny ; is a con-
stabulary police station ; and has petty-sessions, and a
fever hospital and dispensary : near it is a large nursery
of forest-trees. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Ossory, united to the rectories and vicar-
ages of Aughaviller and Kilkeasy, and in the patronage
of the Bishop ; net income, £320. There is a glebe-
house, for the erection of which the Board of First
Fruits, in 1S22, gave £450 and lent £50 : the glebe
comprises 5| acres. The church, which is a handsome
structure, was built in 1831, by a loan of £750 from the
same Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Donamagan, and has
a chapel. There is a school in connexion with the
Church Education Society. Remains of castellated resi-
dences of the Walsh family still exist at Castlehill, Clone,
and Kerehill ; there are also some chalybeate springs.
K I L— M ()
K I L-M O
KILMOILY, or Kilmayly, a piiris^h, in the union
of LisTOWEL, barony of Clanmauuick, county of
Kerry, and province of Munster, 9 miles (N. N. \V.)
from Tralee, and on the western coast ; containing 4459
inhabitants, of whom 140 are in the village. The parish
comprises 7750 statute acres, chiefly in tillage. Several
families of the settlers called " Palatines " reside at
Toherbanne, where a colony was established more than
a century since by an ancestor of the present proprietor.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert and
Aghadoe, appropriate to the see ; the rectory is impro-
priate in the Earl of Cork, and the tithe rent-charge is
£33". 10., of which two-thirds are payable to the impro-
priator, and the remainder to the bishop, who allows £.50
per annum for discharging the clerical duties. There is
no church, glehe-house, or glebe ; but divine service is
regularly performed in the school-house at Toherbanne,
and it is in contemplation by the bishop to procure the
erection of a church. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Ardfert ; there
is a chapel at Lerrigs. The school-house at Toherbanne,
with apartments for the master, was erected by sub-
scription in 183,5. Near the churchyard are the ruins
of Ballykealy Castle, an ancient residence of the Filz-
maurices.
KILMOKEA, a parish, in the union of New Ross,
barony of Shelburne, county of Wexford, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 6i miles (S.) from New Ross, on
the road to Fethard ; containing 1'2'20 inhabitants. It
comprises 34'205^ statute acres, and is chiefly under til-
lage. The soil is light, but in some parts very good ;
the green slab on the banks of the Barrow, containing a
testaceous sediment equal to the finest marl, is used
for manure, and the state of agriculture has been much
improved under the auspices of the South Wexford
Agricultural Association. A part of the parish, called
" the Island," has since the recession of the tide been
embanked and reclaimed. The Barrow is navigable
here for vessels of the largest class, and an inlet from
it extending to the village of Campile is navigable for
small craft. This parish, and the adjoining parish of
Whitechurch, derive much advantage from the late
establishment of two steamers between Ross and Water-
ford ; by means of these, a cheap and ready transit is
found for agricultural produce and farming stock of all
kinds, and an agreeable and commodious conveyance
for the residents in the neighbourhood. The seats are
Kilmanock and Fruit Hill, in the demesne of which
latter, remarkable for its fine timber, is a clump of
evergreen oaks, here considered a great curiosity. Kil-
mokea is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, forming
part of the union of Whitechurch, and of the corps of
the prebend of that name in the cathedral of Ferns :
the tithe rent-charge is £'^'2'2. 18. 6. There is a hand-
some glebe-house, built in 1810, by the then incumbent,
at a cost exceeding £1'200, and much improved by the
Rev. John K. Robinson, the present rector; it com-
mands a beautiful view of the ri\er Barrow, the glebe
consists of 19 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, called Sutton's
parish, comprising the parishes of Whitechurch, Kil-
mokea, and Ballybrazill, and part of Old Ross and St.
James's : there is a new chapel at Horewood, with a
commodious house for the priest ; the old chapel has
been converted into a school, with apartments for the
Vol. II.— 145
master anil mistress. Here are the remain!- of Bully,
kearogue Castle, and of its chapel ; they are stated to
have been built by Roger do Sutton, who in 1170 ac-
companied Robert Fitzf-tephen and Hervey dc Montc-
marisco into Ireland, and obtained from the latter large
grants of land in the barony of Shelburne : the neigh-
bourhood is often called after him Sutton's parish.
In " the Island ' are vestiges of two intrenchmcnts, by
some supposed to have been thrown up by the Danes
to defend the pass to Ballinlaw ferry.
KILMOLARA, a parish, in the union of Bali.in-
ROBE, barony of Kii.main, county of Mayo, and pro-
vince of CoNNAUGiiT, 2| miles (s.) from Ballinrobe, on
the road to Cong; containing 1296 inhabitants. It is
situated on Lough Mask, and comprises 3961 statute
acres, principally in tillage ; there are some fine lime-
stone quarries. Neale Park is the handsome house and
demesne of Lord Kilmaine. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, united to the rectories
and vii arages of Ballincalla and Ross, and in the patron-
age of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish
is £1.50, and of the whole benefice £708. 1.5. The
glebe-house and glebe of the union are in Ballincalla.
The church, a neat plain building with a square tower,
likewise situated in the parish of Ballincalla, has been
repaired by a grant of £125 from the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, called The Neale, com-
prising also the parish of Ballincalla ; the chapel is at
The Neale. In Neale Park are some remarkalile anti-
quities, particularly a stone on which are carved the
figure of an unicorn opposite to a man surrounded with
a glory, and a lion below them. According to an in-
scription beneath this stone, it was found in a cave near
the spot, and the figures were the gods worshipped here
by Edda and Con, after the latter of whom, it is said,
Connaught was named : the figures were called in Irish
" Dine Feale," or " Gods of Felicity," from which the
place was called Nehale, or " The Neale."
KILMOLASH, a parish, partly in the barony of
DECiEs-within-DRUM, but chiefly in that of Decies-
without-DRUM, unions of Lismore and Dvngarvan,
county of Waterford, and province of Mcnster, 5
miles (S. E.) from Lismore; containing 1491 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 36S9 statute acres, of which about
three-fourths are arable ; and includes some bog and
mountain laud, and about 70 acres of woodland. The
river Phinisk flows through the parish ; and on its
banks, at Bewley, is a cavern in the limestone rock, near
which was formerly a religious edifice, said to have be-
longed to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem. The
principal seats are Woodstock and Ballinaparka. Kil-
molash is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, and in
the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory forms part of
the union of Kilrush and of the corps of the arch-
deaconry of Lismore, and the tithe rent-charge is
£174. 7. 6., of which £116. 5. are payable to the rector
and the remainder to the vicar. Here are the ruins of
an ancient building, called Clough, where it is said
King John and his attendants halted on their way from
Waterford to Cork. It consisted of a quadrangle of
about a quarter of an acre, inclosed with high walls
defended by towers at the angles, with a drawbridge on
the south side ; the towers only appear to have been
roofed. Part of the ruins of the church also still exist.
U
K I L— M O
KILMOLERAN, a parish, in the union of Carrick-
ON-SuiR, barony of Upi'Erthird, county of Water-
ford, and province of Munster ; containing, with the
suburb of the town of Carrick-on-Suir, called Carrick-
beg, 3113 inhabitants. An abbey is said to have been
erected at Bolhendesart by St. Maidoc of Ferns, in the
6th century. The parish comprises 1938 statute acres,
forming a beautiful tract on the southern bank of the
river Suir, and includes the demesne of Coolnamuck,
around which are some remarkably fine trees : the
ruins of a castle built by Giraldus Wall, add consider-
ably to the beauty of the place, and are preserved with
great care. Kilmoleran is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Lismore, forming part of the vicarial union of Dysart ;
the rectory forms part of the corps of the prebend of
Dysart in the cathedral of Lismore, and the tithe rent-
charge is £144. 4., of which £96. 2. 6. are payable to
the prebendary, and the remainder to the vicar. Glan-
Patrick, which is now within the western boundary of
the parish, was formerly a separate parish. In the
Roman Catholic divisions Kilmoleran is the head of a
district, called Carrickbeg, comprising the parishes of
Kilmoleran, Dysart, and Fenagh, with part of Carrick,
and containing chapels at Carrickbeg and Windgap.
The ancient castle of Ballyclough stands on a steep hill,
all the accessible parts of which are commanded by
loop-holes and embrasures : a circular staircase con-
ducts to the watch tower, from which there is an ex-
tensive view.
KILMONEY, a parish, in the union of Kinsale,
barony of Kerricurrihy, county of Cork, and pro-
vince of Munster, 8 miles (s. E. by S.) from Cork, and
on the road from Robert's Cove to Carrigaline, contain-
ing 7*1 inhabitants. This parish, which is bounded on
the north by the river Awenbwuy or Ownabuy, com-
prises 1431 statute acres ; about 50 acres are woodland,
100 bog and waste, and the remainder good arable land.
The soil is generally fertile, and most of it under culti-
vation, but the system of agriculture is in a very unim-
proved state : the principal manure is sea-sand, brought
from Crosshaven, but in some places lime obtained
from Carrigaline is used. The surrounding scenery is
finely varied, and in many parts beautifully picturesque.
Kilmoney is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of
Cork, forming part of the union of Tracton ; the rectory
is impropriate in the Earl of Shannon, and the tithe
rent-charge is £S2. 10. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is part of the district of Carrigaline,
also called Templebready. In the demesne of Kilmoney
House are the ruins of the old church.
KILMONOGUE, a parish, in the union of Kinsale,
barony of Kinnalea, county of Cork, and province of
Munster, 5 miles (N. E.) from Kinsale, and on the
southern coast; containing II78 inhabitants. This
place, in 1642, became the head-quarters of a numerous
bo.dy of the Irish forces, who encamped at Belgooley
with the design of making a simultaneous attack upon
Cork, Bandou, and Kinsale, of which plan part only
was carried into execution. A very thriving village has
recently sprung up here. Mr. Downing has erected
some spacious boulting-raills, at an expense of £"000 •
they are worked by machinery of the most improved
description, and are capable of producing l.'i,000 bags
of flour annually. There are also a manufactory of
starch from potatoes alone, and a vinegar distillery
146
K I L— M O
Several neat houses are now in progress, and it is in-
tended to erect a court-house, in which petty-sessions
will be held. Herrings frequent the bay in large shoals,
and are sometimes taken in great quantities. Oyster
haven, on the shore of which this place is situated, is a
creek about two miles to the east of the entrance to the
harbour of Kinsale, affording good shelter for vessels
in nine feet at low water, and the entrance to which is
on the west side of the Sovereign's Isles ; the best
anchorage is on the west side, in the mouth of that
branch which runs to the westward. The parish com-
prises 3061 statute acres : the soil is for the most part
deep and rich ; about one-fourth is under tillage, and
the remainder principally in large dairy-farms. The
system of agriculture is generally very indifferent.
There are large tracts of .slob both at Newborough and
Mount Long, which might be reclaimed and brought
into cultivation ; indeed the tract at Newborough is
now undergoing this process by Mr. Daunt. The prin-
cipal manure is sea-sand, which is raised in great quan-
tities in the haven, and brought up in large boats, of
which about 40 are thus engaged, each employing three
men. The chief seats are, Newborough, a retired and
pleasant residence on the eastern side of the haven, and
in the midst of thriving plantations ; and Oatlands, a
handsome modern mansion, occupying an eminence
commanding an extensive and varied inland prospect of
great beauty, with a pleasing view of the groves of New-
borough on the south. The ancient residence of the
Knolles family, at Killeigh, is now in ruins.
The living is a rectory and perpetual curacy, in the
diocese of Cork : the rectory is partly impropriate in
the Earl of Shannon, and partly belongs to the union of
St. Peter's, Cork, and the corps of the archdeaconry ;
the perpetual curacy is united to that of Nohoval. The
tithe rent- charge is £159- 18., of which £49. 10. are
payable to the impropriator, and £110. 8. to the arch-
deacon of Cork. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Clontead. The male
and female parochial schools, for which houses were
built partly from the lord-lieutenant's fund, are sup-
ported by subscription, and endowed with an acre and
three-quarters of land, and a male and female school at
Newborough is supported by Mr. Daunt and the Cork
Diocesan Association. On the shore of the haven are
the ruins of the parish church ; and not far distant
stand those of Mount-Long Castle, built by the family
of Long in the reign of Elizabeth, and which in the war
of 1641 was taken by Cromwell, and with the annexed
estate given to some of his soldiers.
KILMOON, a parish, in the union of Ennistymon,
barony of Burren, county of Clare, and province of
Munster, 8 miles (\.) from Ennistymon, and on the
road from Ballyvaughan to the bay of Ballyhaline ; con-
taining 1239 inhabitants. This parish, which derives
its name from an ancient conventual church of which
no records are extant, comprises 6461 statute acres :
528,5 are applotted under the Tithe act ; the remainder
consists chiefly of rocky mountain and bog. With the
exception only of the townlands of Lisdoonvarna and
Ballytigue, which belong to the Stackpoole family, the
whole of the parish, together with that of Kilheny or
Killeany, and the castle, town, and lands of Dungan in
the barony of Bunratty, were granted by Charles II. to
Pierse Creagh, Esq., as a reward for his services against
K I L— M O
K I L— M ()
Cromwell, and in compensation for the loss of his estate
of Adarc, iu the county of Limerick ; great part of the
property is held, with the manorial rights and privi-
leges, by his descendant, Picrse Creagh, Esq., of Rath-
bane. The surface is in general hilly, and intersected
by deep ravines formed by torrents rushing periodically
from the mountain of Slieveilva, on the northern con-
fines of the parish, one of the highest mountains in
the county, and celebrated for its abundance of grouse.
Nearly two-thirds of the parish have a very rich sub-
stratum of limestone, lying about two feet beneath the
surface, and producing most luxuriant herbage, highly
prized for grazing cattle, of which large droves are sent
to the Cork and Liverpool markets. Of the remainder,
the greater part is dry bog covered with heath, which
might be easily reclaimed and brought into cultivation,
from the abundance of limestone. Very rich iron-ore
has been found in several places ; and on the townland
of Rathbane both coal and iron are stated to abound,
though neither has yet been worked : slate also has
been discovered on the mountain of Slieveilva. Rath-
bane is the residence of the Creagh family, who have
greatly improved the ample and picturesque demesne in
which it is situated ; large plantations l^ive been made
along the romantic glens, and on the banks of two
beautiful rivulets which encircle the grounds.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Kilfenora ; the rectory forming part of the union of
Killeiiagh, and the vicarage part of the union of Kilma-
naheen : the tithe rent-charge is £.5.5. 7., two-thirds
payable to the rector, and the remainder to the vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the union of Tuoclea. There are some slight remains
of the_ convent, church, and cemetery of Kilmoon ; and
within the limits of the parish are three large earth-
works, and five stone forts called Cahers, said to have
been Danish encampments. There are also considerable
remains of the old castle of Lisdoonvarna, with its ter-
races, garden walls, and fortifications ; it was formerly
the property of the Davorens, an ancient and powerful
family iu Burren, but now belongs to the Stackpoole
family.
On the demesne of Rathbane are several very powerful
mineral springs, sometimes erroneously called the Lis-
doonvarna spas. One of them is celebrated as among
the strongest chalybeates in the kingdom : it contains so
large a portion of iron, that in a few seconds it stains
with a ferruginous colour any substance with which it
may come in contact ; and it has been found peculiarly
efficacious in hepatitis, consumption, scorbutic and
bilious afifections, and rheumatism. Near this is another
spring, which on analysis was found to contain, in addi-
tion to the iron, considerable portions of sulphur and
magnesia ; the water is used with great benefit as an
aperient. On the opposite side of a deep ravine, is a
spring powerfully impregnated with naphtha, the exha-
lations of which taint the surrounding air ; silver thrown
into the water is instantly changed to a deep gold
colour ; and the water has been used with success as a
cure for cutaneous diseases and for rheumatism. About
a furlong further up the ravine, is a fourth spring, called
the Copperas well ; it has not been analysed, but has
been used externally from time immemorial with effect
as a cure for ulcers. These mineral springs, under the
appellation of the Lisdoonvarna spas, have been known
147
and appreciated for centuries ; they are situated in deep
ravines at the base of lofty hills of black slate, between
the strata of which are found large quantities of bright
metallic ore resembling silver. From the bad state
of the roads, and the want of proper accommodation,
they have been comparatively neglected by invalid!).
Several cottages have, however, been recently built in
the vicinity of the waters for the reception of vi>:iters ;
and if the proprietor continues his improvements, and
a facility of access be afforded, this place will probably
become one of the most frequented spas in Ireland.
KILMOON, a parish, in the barony of Skrken,
union of Dunshaughlin, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4f miles (.\. E.) from Dunshaughlin,
and on the road from Dublin to Belfast, by way of
Ashbourne ; containing 639 inhabitants. It comprises
1823 statute acres; and is a rectory, in the diocese of
Meath, united by episcopal authority, iu 18'26, to the
rectory and vicarage of Piercetownlandy : according to
an arrangement which has existed for some years, the
Crown and the Primate present alternately. The tithe
rent-charge of Kilmoon is £109. 10., and of the entire
benefice £'236. 11. There is a glebe-house near the
church, on a glebe of 30 acres valued at £45 per annum ;
and a glebe at Piercetownlandy is let for £16 per
annum. The church, svhich is at the north-western
extremity of the parish, is a plain building ; it was
erected in 1816 by a loan of £500 from the Board of
First Fruits, and has been repaired by a grant of £106
from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Curragha or Creekstown. On the confines of the
parish is a national school.
KILMORE, a parish, partly in the barony of Lower
Orior, but chiefly in that of O'Neilland West, union
and county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, on the
road from Armagh to Belfast ; containing, with the
post-town of Richhill (which is described under its own
head), 14,'256 inhabitants. This place, anciently called
Kilmure-Aedhain, derived that name from the foundation
of a church in the territory of Iluadneth, by St. Moch-
tee, the founder of Louth, by whom the building was
dedicated to St. Aedan. The parish comprises 17, '274^
statute acres, of which 4799| are in the barony of
Lower Orior, and 1'2,474| in that of O'Neilland West.
The soil is fertile ; the system of agriculture is highly
improved ; there is no waste land, and only a small
quantity of bog. Here arc several quarries of whin-
stone, which is raised for building ; and limestone is
found in great abundance, and quarried both for build-
ing and for manure. ITie surrounding scenery is finely
varied, and towards the south and east arc some beau-
tiful views extending to the sea, and comprehending
the mountains of Morne ; the principal seats are Rich-
hill Ca.stle, situated in an extensive and embellished
demesne ; Wheatfield ; Bellview ; Killynhanvagh ; Anna
Hill ; and Course Lodge. The linen manufacture is
carried on, employing a great number of persons. A
court is held at Richhill on the first Friday in every
month for the manor of Mullalclish and Legacony, in
which debts under -iOs. are recoverable.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh,
constituting the corps of the chancellorship of the
cathedral oV Armagh, in the patronage of the Lord Pri-
mate : the tithe rent-charge is £909. 18. The glebc-
U 2
K I L— M O
house was built in 1793 by the then incumbent, at a
cost exceeding £1/00, towards which the Board of
First Fruits contributed £100; it is a spacious and
handsome residence, situated in grounds tastefully
disposed: the glebe comprises 679 acres of profitable
land. The church, with the exception of the ancient
tower, was rebuilt in 1S14, at an expense of £2800, of
which £'^000 were a loan from the Board; and in
1825 the massive square tower was surmounted by a
lofty octagonal spire covered with copper, at an expense
of £300, of which half was defrayed by the rector and
the remainder by subscription : the edifice occupies a
commanding eminence, and is seen to great advantage
at a distance. A church was built in 1775 at Mulla-
villy, for the accommodation of the parishioners in that
part of the parish : the living is a perpetual curacy, in
the patronage of the rector. The income of the per-
petual curate amounts to £94. 4. 7|., of which £69- 4.75-
are paid by the rector of Kilmore, and £25 out of Pri-
mate Boulter's Augmentation fund ; the glebe-house
was built by aid of a gift of £450 and a loan of £50, in
1812, from the Board of First Fruits. The Roman Catho-
lic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church ; there are two chapels, both small buildings,
situated respectively at Richhill and Mullavilly. There
are also places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion
with the General Assembly, for the Society of Friends,
and Independents. Of several public schools, two are
supported by the rector, two by the trustees of Erasmus
Smith's fund, and one by Miss Richardson, of Richhill
Castle ; two are endowed with an acre of land each by
the rector, who also built the school- houses. A pay-
ment of £3. 1. 6. is annually made to the poor, arising
from land near the village, called the Honey-Pot field ;
and Mr. Atkinson, of Greenhall, in 1827, bequeathed
£50, the interest of which is annually divided by the
rector among the Protestant poor. There are a men-
dicity association, and a voluntarj' poor fund. In the
townland of Castle-Roe are extensive ruins of the castle
which gave name to the district, and which is said to
have been founded by Rory O'Nial in the reign of Eliza-
beth ; it occupied a lofty eminence, commanding the
entire country. The former glebe-house was part of the
ancient abbey, and contained several dormitories and
cells with narrow lights and very massive walls ; but
the only vestige of the abbey is the holy well, inclosed
in the rector's garden. On a high hill in the parish,
Cromwell is said to have had an encampment.
KILMORE, a parish, and the seat of a diocese,
partly in the barony of Clonmahon, but chiefly in that
of Upper Lolghtee, union and county of Cavan, and
province of Ulster, 3i miles (S. W.) from Cavan, on
the road to Killesandra ; containing, with part of the
market-town of Ballinagh (which is separately de-
scribed), 7250 inhabitants. This parish, which derives
its name, signifying the " Great Church," from the abbey
of Cella Magna, founded here at an early period by St.
Columba, comprises 16,886 statute acres, including 2154
in Lough Oughter. The soil is various, and the land
in some parts under profitable cultivation; there are
quarries of good building-stone, and gold and silver
have been found. The principal seats are Lismore
Castle, the Rocks, Castlc-Corby, Belleville, Bingfield,
Drumheel, Lisnamandra, Drumcorbin, TuUy, and Her-
mitage.
148
Anns of the Bishopric
K I L— M O
The Diocese of Kilmore
does not appear to be of very
ancient foundation ; the first
prelate of whom any mention
occurs is FlorenceO'Conacty,
who succeeded in 1231. He
bore the designation of Bishop
of Brelfny, from the terri-
tory of that name, in which
the see was situated ; and
his successors are styled in-
differently Breffnienses, and
Triburnenses, or bishops of
Triburna, from the small village of that name, near
which they generally resided. The first who was styled
Bishop of Kilmore was Andrew MacBrady, who, in
1454, with the consent of Pope Nicholas V., converted
the parish church of St. Felimy, or Fedlimid, of Kilmore,
into a cathedral church, in which he placed 13 secular
canons ; and since that period Kilmore has given name
to the see. From the unsettled state of the district
which constituted this diocese, it was not affected by
the Reformation so soon as others, and it continued
under the control of the bishop appointed by the Pope
till 1585, when John Garvey, Dean of Christ Church,
Dublin, was appointed the first Protestant bishop. On
his translation to the see of Armagh, this diocese re-
mained without a bishop for fourteen years, during
which period it was annexed to the bishopric of Down
and Connor, till the appointment of Robert Draper, who
obtained this see, together with that of Ardagh, by
letters -patent of James I. In 1643 the see of Ardagh
was united to that of Kilmore, and it continued to be
held therewith till 1752, when it was annexed in com-
mendam to the archbishopric of Tuam : at present, the
bishop of Kilmore holds the sees of Elphin and Ardagh.
Among the most eminent prelates were the venerable
Bishop Bedell, and Bishops Sheridan and Cumber-
land.
Kilmore is one of the 16 dioceses which constitute the
ecclesiastical province of Armagh ; and comprehends
part of the county of Meath, in the province of Leinster,
part of Leitrim, in the province of Connaught, part of
Fermanagh and the greater part of Cavan, in the pro-
vince of Ulster; extending about 74 English miles in
length, varying from 13 to 25 in breadth, and com-
prising an estimated superficies of 497,250 acres, of
which 2200 are in Meath, 184,750 in Leitrim, 29,300
in Fermanagh, and 281,000 in Cavan. The lands be-
longing to the see comprise 28,531 acres ; and the gross
annual value of the bishopric, on an average of three
years ending Dec. 31st, 1S31, amounted to £7477- 17-
The corporation consists of a bishop, dean, and arch-
deacon, but there are neither prebendaries nor canons
to form a chapter ; even the archdeaconry has no corps,
but is annexed by the bishop to any parochial living at
his discretion ; neither is there any economy fund. The
consistorial court consists of a vicar-general, surrogate,
registrar, deputy-registrar, and proctor ; the registrar
is keeper of the records, which are all of modern date,
the earliest being a registry of wills commencing in
1693. The total number of parishes in the diocese is
39, comprising 48 benefices, of which 8 are unions of
two or more parishes, and 40 single parishes or parts of
parishes : all are in the patronage of the Bishop or
KI
-MO
K I L— M ()
Incumbents, except the deanery, which is in the gift of
the Crown ; the living of Killesandra, in the patronage
of the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin ;
Anuagh, in the gift of Lord Farnham ; and Drumgoon, in
that of the Deeriug family. The total number of churches
is about 55, and there are five other places in which
divine service is performed ; the number of glebe-
houses is 31. By the Church Temporalities' act of the
3rd of William IV., the bishopric of Elphin, on its next
avoidance, or on the demise of either of the bishops of
Elphin and Kilmore, was to be annexed to the diocese
of Kilmore, and its temporalities vested in the Ecclesi-
astical Commissioners : this provision has been carried
out, as has also a similar provision with respect to the
diocese of Ardagh. The cathedral, which is the parish
church, is a small ancient edifice, having at the entrance
a richly sculptured Norman doorway, removed from the
abbey of Trinity Island, in Lough Oughter. The Epis-
copal palace, au elegant mansion in the Grecian style,
has been rebuilt on a more eligible site near the former
structure. In the Roman Catholic divisions this dio-
cese forms a separate bishopric, and one of the eight
which are suffragan to the archiepiscopal see of Armagh ;
it comprises 44 parochial benefices, or unions, containing
76 chapels served by SO clergymen, of whom, including
the bishop, 44 are parish priests, and 36 coadjutors or
curates. The parochial benefice of the bishop is Drum-
goon, where he resides.
The LIVING of Kilmore is a vicarage, united by royal
authority, at an unknown date, to the vicarage of Ballin-
temple and the rectory and vicarage of Keadue, to-
gether forming the union and the corps of the deanery
of Kilmore, in the patronage of the Crown ; the rectory
is impropriate in the Marquess of Westraeath. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is f'^G'i. 10., of which
£95. 18. are payable to the impropriator, and the re-
mainder to the vicar; the aggregate tithe of the bene-
fice of the dean is £632. 13. The glebe-house is an
old building. The glebe here comprises '27 0| acres of
profitable land, and 265 of bog ; there is also, in the
parish of Ballinteraple, a glebe of 103^ acres, besides
which arc 436^ acres of profitable land and 47 acres
of bog belonging to the deanery, though not in any
of the parishes within the union. The Roman Catho-
lic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church ; there are two chapels, situated respectively
at Ballinagh and Drumcor, the latter built in 1 809,
at an expense of £150. In the churchyard are in-
terred the remains of Bishop Bedell, whose death was
occasioned or accelerated by the severities he endured
while in the hands of the insurgents in 1641. In
such esteem was this exemplary prelate held, even
by those who had hastened his decease, that they at-
tended his funeral obsequies with the most unbounded
demonstrations of respect and sorrow. In the same
vault was interred Bishop Cumberland. On Trinity
Island are the remains of an abbey ; and on a small
island in Killekeeu lake are the ruins of the castle of
Cloughoughter, in which Bishop Bedell was confined.
KILMORE, a parish, in the union of Downp.\trick,
partly in the barony of Kinelarty, but chiefly in that
of Upper Castlereagh, county of Down, and province
of Ulster, 4 miles (E.byS.) from Ballinahinch, and
on the road from Downpatrick to Belfast ; containing
6277 inhabitants, of whom 134 are in the village. It
comprises 1 '2,854 statute acres, of which 6387 1 are in
149
the barony of Kinelarty, and 6466^ in Upper Castle-
reagh ; 94 acres are water, 60 bog, 400 waste, •ir,0
woodland, 600 pasture, and the remainder arable land
in a high state of cultivation, and producing a great
quantity of barley. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Down, and in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the rectory is impropriate, and the tithe rent-charge \h
£535. 10., of which £'295. 10. are payable to W. Shar-
man Crawford, Esq., and the remainder to the vicar.
The glebe-house was erected in 1794, at an expense of
£461. 10., towards which the Board of First Fruits gave
£92; the glebe comprises 29". Ir. I7p., statute mea-
sure, valued at £'22 per annum, and subject to a rent of
£8. 5. The church is a small edifice, built about 1792,
principally at the expense of the family of the present
Mr. Crawford. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising the parishes
of Kilmore, Inch, and Killileagh, and having two
chapels in Kilmore, and one in each of the other pa-
rishes. Here is a meeting-house for Presbyterians in
connexion with the Remonstrant Synod, in the burial-
ground of which Dr. Moses Nelson, who was minister,
and his son. Dr. William Nelson, are interred ; both
were distinguished classical scholars, and the Redemon
academy here was very celebrated under their superin-
tendence. William Fergie, Esq., of Springfield, in the
parish, is also interred in this ground ; he died in 1780,
at the age of fifty, and weighed when living 42 stone.
There are also meeting-houses for Presbyterians in con-
nexion with the General Assembly, and several national
and other schools.
KILMORE, an ancient parish, in the union of
Edenderry, barony of Carbery, county of Kildare,
and province of Leinster ; containing 45" inhabitants,
and comprising 1908 statute acres.
KILMORE. a parish, in the union of Dunshaugh-
LiN, barony of Upper Deece, county of Meath, and
province of Lei.nster, 2i miles (S. E.) from Sum-
merhill ; containing 1274 inhabitants. It comprises
6607i acres, about one-third of which are arable, and
the remainder pasture land, with about 16 acres of
ornamental plantations, and two nurseries. The prin-
cipal seats are, Larch Hill, the grounds of which are
embellished with grottoes and temples ; and Philpots-
town. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of the Crown :
the tithe rent-charge is £248. There is a glebe-house,
erected at a cost of £1300, towards which the Board of
First Fruits, in 1813, gave £250 and lent £500; the
glebe comprises 12 acres, and is beautifully laid out as
a landscape garden. The church is a small ancient
building ; the churchyard is judiciously planted. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of
a district, called Moynalvey, containing Kilmore, Gal-
trim, Kiltale, and Dirpatrick : there are chapels at
Kilmore and Galtrim, the former a large building in the
village of Moynalvey, erected in 1834, by subscription,
the greater part of which was contributed by mem-
bers of the Established Church ; on the outside is a fine
bust of Our Saviour, after Michael Angelo, presented by
Miss Gregory. A dispensary, Dorcas institution, re-
pository, and poor-shop, have been founded by the
rector, Dr. Gregory.
In the churchyard is a curious round stone, placed
on a pillar by the present incumbent, by whom it wa.-'
discovered ; the Crucifixion is represented on one of its
K I L— M O
K I L— M O
sides, and the crown of thorns, bleeding heart, &c., on
the other. Dr. Gregory also lately found a flat stone,
dated 1575, containing a representation of the Cruci-
fixion, with a legible inscription in Latin, and a defaced
one in Irish, and a request to pray for the soul of Roger
Mac Mahon Guinetf, or Guiness. About '2^ miles north-
west from the present church are the ruins of an ancient
church, and of a castle, called Arodstown : the remains
of a church are also visible at Moynalvey, about a mile
to the south of which, cells, extending a considerable
distance under ground, were discovered in 1834; and
near them is a tract still retaining the name of " the
College." To the south of the parish, sepulchral re-
mains have been discovered within a considerable em-
bankment. These various ruins, between which are
visible the remains of fortified stations, encircle the
parish ; and in the centre stands an ancient bush on a
mount, known by the name of Killa-more, the " great
hill," and Seach-na-Killa-more, the " bush of Kil-
more." The number of the antiquities creates an
opinion that Kilmore was formerly a place of religious
importance.
KILMORE, a parish, in the union, barony, and
county of Monaghan, province of Ulster, 2^ miles
(U'. by N.) from Monaghan, on the road to Clones ;
containing 5121 inhabitants. It comprises S6895 sta-
tute acres, including a detached portion of 334^ acres,
several small lakes, and some bog. The principal seats
are Ballyleck, Brandrim, and Rosefield. The Ulster
canal passes through the northern part of the parish.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Clogher, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £214. 12. There is a glebe-house, to-
wards the erection of which the Board of First Fruits
gave £100 in 1/92 ; the glebe comprises 43 acres. The
church is a plain edifice with an elegant tower, erected
in 1-88, and for the repair of which £109 were lately
granted by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Drunisnat, and has a chapel at Corcahan.
KILMORE, a parish, in the union of Carrick-on-
Shannon, barony of North Ballintobber, county of
Roscommon, and province of Connaught, 2^ miles
(S. by W.) from Drumsna, on the road to Elphin ; con-
taining 5164 inhabitants. This parish is bounded on
the north-west and east by the river Shannon, which
on the last side expands into the picturesque Lough
Bodarig ; on the south the parish borders upon the
lough of Gillstown. The approaches from Drumsna
and Jamestown are by handsome bridges over the river,
affording a facility of communication with those places,
which are the chief markets. Kilmore comprises 9316|-
statute acres, of which about 1000 are waste and bog,
and the remainder arable and pasture land. The sur-
face is greatly undulated ; many of the hills afford valu-
able pasturage, though the tops are generally swampy
and wet, and the arable land is under profitable cultiva-
tion. Limestone of very good quality is quarried for
budding and for agricultural purposes ; and freestone,
also of good quality, and fit for millstones, abounds!
but IS not worked. Near the shores of Lough Bodarig,
which rise boldly from the water and are agreeably
diversified, is Ballycommen, formerly the seat of the
Earl of Roscommon ; and farther to the north is Cloon-
tcen, a handsome and newly erected lodge, belonging to
the Marquess of Westmeath. A short canal, which has
150
been made to avoid a bend of the Shannon, crosses the
north-eastern extremity of the parish ; and between it
and the river is Charlestown, the seat of Sir Gilbert
King, Bart., beautifully situated in a richly embellished
demesne. The other seats are, Kilmore House, built in
1630; Lake View; Ashfort ; Ashfort Vale ; Fortview ;
Moyglass, the property of the Marquess of Westmeath ;
Lowfield ; Rushport ; Dangan ; Rhawrowanagh ;
Meelick ; Feeragh ; Tully ; Cartron ; Tooluscan ; and
Carrowquille Lodge. A fair is held at Dangan on the
25th of May, which is noted for milch-cows ; petty-ses-
sions are held every alternate Thursday ; and there
is a barrack for the accommodation of a small police
force.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Elphin, and in the patronage of the Representative of
Captain Doherty, who inherited the estate and patron-
age by his marriage with the youngest daughter of
Bishop King : the tithe rent-charge is £150. The
glebe-house, built in 1828 by a loan of £360, and a gift
of £369, from the Board of First Fruits, is a good resi-
dence ; the glebe comprises nine acres of excellent
meadow-land, held by the rector. The church, towards
the erection of which the Board granted a loan of £923
about the same time, is a neat building in good repair.
The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of
the Established Church ; a half parish adjoining still
appertains to it, but has ceased to belong to the Pro-
testant rectory : the chapel at Dangan, is of modern
erection. A school of about 40 boys and 30 girls is
held in a school-house built at the joint expense of Sir
G. King and the Rev. Robert King ; and there are five
private schools, in which the number of children fluctu-
ates from 100 to upwards of 200. A loan fund has
been established, and also a dispensary. The late Mr.
Lawder, of this parish, bequeathed £20 per annum, late
currency, for clothing six poor men and six poor women ;
payment of this bequest was for a long time withheld,
but has been lately enforced through the exertions of
the rector and the interference of the Board of Charita-
ble Bequests. A small donation was left by the Abb^
O'Beirne, of Versailles, to the Roman Catholic chapel,
and for the erection of a school-house, which has not
been built. An abbey was founded here, according to
some, by St. Patrick ; and a priory by Con O'Flanigan,
in 1232, having a walk underground which communi-
cates with the Shannon : the latter was granted on
lease, in 1580, to Tyrrell O'Farrell, at a rent of £3. 10.,
and subsequently to Sir Patrick Barnwell, who leased it
to Dr. E. King, Bishop of Elphin, in I6II. Near
Ballycommen are the remains of an old church named
Tubber- Patrick ; also the remains of a nunnery, and a
fine spring called by the old people Patrick's Well,
whence the place takes its name. At Kilbride, on the
estate of Sir G. King, are the remains of another old
church, with traces of a cemetery said to have been
formerly the parochial burial-place. There are several
chalybeate and sulphureous springs in the parish.
KILMORE, a parish, in the union of Cashel,
barony of Kilnemanagh, county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, 4:^ miles (W. N. W.)from Cashel ;
containing 1162 inhabitants. It comprises 2004 statute
acres. Among the residences are Kilmore and Bally-
walter. It is a chapelry, in the diocese of Cashel, and
in the patronage of the Archbishop : the tithe rent-
charge is £135. 6. 6.
K I L-M O
K I L— M ()
KILMORE, a parish, in the union of Nenagh,
barony of Uppkr Okmond, county of Tipperaky, and
province of Munster, 4 miles (S.) from Nenagh, on
the new road toTipperary ; containing 5138 inhabitants.
It comprises 13,535 statute acres, including a consider-
able quantity of mountain and bog ; agriculture is much
improved. The mines in this parish are described in
the article on Silvermines. Kilboy, the splendid seat of
Lord Dunalley, is situated in a well-planted demesne of
more than 600 Irish acres, which contains a fine sheet
of water and a deer-park and is backed by a range of
mountains : the mansion was erected about 60 years
since. The other principal seats are Lissen Hall, and
the glebe-house, the residence of the Very Rev. Gilbert
Holmes, Dean of Ardfert. The parish is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Killaloe, episcopally united, in ISOl, to
the rectories and vicarages of Kilnaneave and Lisbunny,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is
appropriate to the precentorship of the cathedral of Kil-
laloe, and to the bishop's mensal. The tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £'24^. 6., of which £15'2. 6. are payable to
the lessee of the bishop, £13. 17. to the precentor, and the
remainder to the incumbent: the entire tithe of the in-
cumbent's benefice is £681. 18. 6. The glebe-house was
built in IS 10, by a gift of £400 and a loan of £400 from
the Board of First Fruits, in 181'2 : there is a glebe of
16(1. 2r. 32p. The church, at Silvermines, is a very neat
edifice, for the erection of which the Board lent £900,
in IS09. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is the head of a district called Silvermines, comprising
also the parish of Ballynaclough, and containing a chapel
at Silvermines and another in Ballynaclough. A poor's
fund was till lately supported by Lord and Lady Dun-
alley and the incumbent. There are some remains of
the old castles of Ballycahill and Tullahedy ; also of
the ancient castle of Dunalley, which gives the title of
Baron to the Prittie family. This castle was besieged
by the disbanded soldiery of James II., who, after in-
vesting it for twenty-one days, effected an entrance by
treachery : an interesting account of this siege, written
by Mr. Prittie, the then proprietor, who leaped off the
castle unhurt, is preserved among the family papers.
Here are also the ruins of the old church, with a burial-
ground attached, which is the place of sepulture of the
Prittie family. An abbey, of which there are no ves-
tiges, is said to have been founded at Kilmore in 540.
KILMORE, a parish, in the barony of Bargy, union
and county of Wexford, and province of Leinster,
§5 miles (S. S. W.) from Wexford; containing 1865
inhabitants. This place is situated on the eastern shore
of the lough formed by the barrow of Ballyteigue, a
long narrow sand-bank extending from Ballyteigue for
nearly four Irish miles, to the entrance of the lake : the
burrow abounds with rabbits, and the lake with a variety
of wild-fowl. The parish comprises 4'2335 statute acres,
which are partly good grazing-land, but principally
under tillage ; the soil is fertile, and the system of
agriculture has been much improved ; with the excep-
tion of the burrow, there is neither bog nor waste.
Limestone exists on the lands of Ballycross, but has not
yet been quarried ; an abundance of sea-manure, or tag-
weed, is procured at spring tides and after storms,
affording an excellent dressing for the land. Good
building-stone is found on the townland of Sarcilla.
The seats are Ballycross, Ballyharty, Ballyseskin, and
151
Ballyteigue. At Crossfarnogue Point is a small piir,
where coal is occasionally landed j and more than 100
boats averaging four men each, all of which rendczvouK
here, are engaged in the herring, lobster, and cod
fisheries off this coast. The construction of a good pier
at this point, which might be accomplished at an expense
of about £1500, would afford suitable protection to the
numerous fishing- vessels frequenting the place, and
enable the fishermen to render more effectual assistance
to vessels in distress. The steam-boat It'ater WUch was
wrecked off this place in 1833, and several lives were
lost. The present pier is small and of very rude con-
struction, having been built by the fishermen themselves,
about 35 years since. The tide at the point rises from
11 to 1'2 feet at high water of spring, and six feet at
neap, tides. A coast guard station, one of the six
forming the district of Wexford, has been established
at the point. The parish is in the diocese of Ferns ;
the rectory is impropriate in John Rowe, Es{|., of
Ballycross, and the vicarage forms part of the union of
Tomhaggard. The tithe rent-charge is £339. I"., of
which £'253. 1. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
also the parishes of Mulrankin, Tomhaggard, and Kil-
turk, in each of which, except the last, there is a chapel ;
that of Kilmore is a spacious building erected in 1803,
adjoining which a house for the priest has been lately
built. Near Crossfarnogue Point, where was formerly
a telegraph, are the remains of Ballyteigue Castle, once
belonging to the Whitty family, and now incorporated
with the mansion of Ballyteigue.
KILMORE-ERRIS, a parish, in the union of
Ballina, barony of Erris, county of Mayo, and
province of Connaught, 3 miles (S. S. W.) from
BelmuUet ; containing 94'28 inhabitants. This parish
forms the remotest district of the main land of Con-
naught, and extends for more than 15 miles from north
to south, including the peninsula called the Mullet.
It is separated from the parish of Kilcommon by the
town of Belmullet, and comprises 29,49-| statute acres.
The lands are chiefly arable, with a considerable portion
of good pasture, and a large tract of mountain and bog;
the soil is light and sandy, and the inhabitants are
much anuoyed by the drifting of the sand, which is of
so penetrating a quality as to find its way into the
interior even of watch-cases. The system of agriculture,
though backward, has been much improved under the
auspices of the Very Rev. J. P. Lyons, D.D., of Bing-
hamstown, who has employed great numbers of poor
labourers in reclaiming the waste land and bogs. To-
wards the coast, the land is exposed to violent storms,
which frequently destroy the potato crops, and involve
the poorer peasantry in all the miseries of famine.
Considerable quantities of barley and potatoes are sent
to the markets of Westport and Newport, when the
crops escape injury from the western blasts, to protect
them from which the ridges are made in a direction
from north to south ; quite low on the eastern, and
raised about two feet on the western side. The chief
manure is sea-weed and shell-sand, which are found in
abundance on the coast. The cattle fed here are of \ory
inferior quality, though the pasture is tolerably good ;
the fences are of rude construction, consisting only of a
few sods ; and the dwellings of the farmers seldom
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contain more than one apartment, formed of stone at
the base and of sods above. The peasantry subsist
chiefly on sea-fish of various kinds, on shell-fish found
on the coast, and on sloak or laver which they gather
from the rocks. On the northern shore are some
quarries of stratified granite of a very beautiful de-
scription, and of good quality for building, but it is not
worked, on account of the difficulty of conveyance to
any port ; and on Tarmon Hill, near the southern ex-
tremity, are other quarries of granite, from which was
raised the stone for building the pier at Blacksod
haven. Iron-ore is also found in various parts and in
great abundance. The principal seats are Bingham
Castle, Bingharostown, and Bay View.
The parish is washed by the Atlantic on every side
except the east, where it is separated from the main land
by Blacksod bay, and on the north-east, where it is
bounded by Broad haven ; the isthmus between these
bays, which is not more than 200 yards in breadth, can
be approached only through a tract of wild mountainous
country. On the western side of the peninsula are
numerous rocky islets, the two largest of which are
North and South Inniskea ; and off the .north-western
extremity, about four miles from Erris Head and I5
from Scotch Port, the nearest harbour for boats, is
Eagle IsUind, a sharp rocky height comprising about 1.5
acres, of which 12 are covered with rich grass and three
are barren and rugged rock. On this island the Ballast
Corporation of Dublin, under the direction of govern-
ment, some j'ears ago erected two lighthouses, at an
expense of £30,000, both displaying bright and steady
lights visible at a great distance. The stone of which
they are built was partly brought from Kingstown, near
Dublin, and partly quarried on the island ; the buildings
contain convenient dwellings for the light-keepers.
Between Blacksod Point, at the southern extremity of
the peninsula, and Saddle Head on the island of Achill,
in the parish of Achill, is the entrance to Blacksod Bay;
and to the eastward are the entrances to the bays of
Tulloghan and BuUane. Blacksod harbour is very
spacious, and much to seaward, extending boldly into
the Atlantic ; and within it, works to any extent might
be constructed for the security of vessels taking shelter :
it is separated, as already observed, only by a narrow
isthmus from the harbour of Broadhaven. The best
anchorage is on the west side of the bay, about 5 of a
mile from Barnach Isle, in from 4i to 5 fathoms of
water; but vessels not drawing more than 10 feet of
water may ride farther up in from 2 to 2^ fathoms. The
anchorage on the north side of the peninsula of Cleggan,
though less exposed than in the open bay, is very indif-
ferent ; vessels drawing 10 or 12 feet must go up at
half tide, as there are only nine feet off the western side
of Cleggan at low water ; the rocks at the north side of
the anchorage are dry at half ebb. From the peculiar
situation of the harbour and the abundance of fine
granite fit for engineering purposes which the imme-
diate neighbourhood affords, this might be rendered a
highly advantageous station for steam communication
with North America. Within the bay are several sub-
ordinate harbours, including Saleen and Tarmon. A
pier has been built at Saleen or Binghamstown, whicli
affords great convenience for s'.iipping the agricultural
produce, for which merchandise is brought back in ex-
change ; and a small expenditure in completing the
152
inner dock would make the harbour of Saleen still more
useful than it is at present. A pier has also been con-
structed at Tarmon, of granite from the quarry on Tar-
mon Hill, at an expense of £ 1 000, granted by the Board
of Fisheries ; and about 20 hookers of six tons each,
and 100 yawls, are employed in the fishery off this
coast, which is carried on by persons who are also
farmers. There is a small landing-pier at Belmnllet.
Nearly opposite to Eagle Island is the headland of
Annagh, projecting boldly into the Atlantic; and about
half a mile to the west of it is a shoal called Monaster
Ladizi, over which the sea constantly breaks with great
violence. Fairs for live stock are held at Binghamstown
on the first day of every month ; there is a constabulary
police station ; and petty-sessions are held weekly at
that place and Belmullet, each of which is described
under its own head.
The LixiNG is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Killala, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
tithe rent-charge is £195. The glebe-house was built
by a gift of £450, and a loan of £180, from the Board of
First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 40 acres. The church,
a neat plain edifice with a square tower, built in 1S27,
and towards the erection of which the same Board made
a loan of £S00, occupies a very elevated situation at
Binghamstown ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately
granted £138 for its repair. The Roman Catholic
parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church ; the principal chapel, a large edifice, is at Bing-
hamstown, and there is another chapel at Tarrane.
Near the glebe-house is a remarkable subterraneous
cavern, called Pullmashantina, into which the sea rushes
for nearly a quarter of a mile, with extreme violence and
noise ; the rock is singularly formed, and part of it has
fallen in, leaving a wide gap which adds to the awful
grandeur of the scene. Not far from the cavern is a
detached mass of rock that appears to have been severed
from the other portion by some violent convulsion, and
on the summit of XN'hich is a rich field of grass. To the
west of Binghamstown are some ruins of the small
monastery of Cross, or the Holy Cross, which was de-
pendent on the abbey of Ballintobber ; and nearly
buried in the sands, are some of the walls of an ancient
church said to have belonged to a nunnery formerly ex-
isting. On the shore of Broadhaven are the remains of
Knocknalina Castle ; and about four miles from it, on
Blacksod harbour, stand the ruins of Barnach Castle,
a square building of small dimensions. About a mile
and a half to the north-west of the Mullet is Coulogh
Castle, and on a bold headland opposite to Eagle Island
are the remains of the fort of Dunamogh. On the island
called hniis Glora is an ancient burial-ground, which is
still used as a place of interment. There is a very
strongly impregnated chalybeate spring at Binghams-
town.
KILMOREMOY, a parish, in the union of B.4llina,
partly in the barony of TyRER.\GH, county of Sligo, but
chiefly in that of Tyrawley, county of Mayo, and pro-
vince of CoNNAUGHT ; Containing, with the market and
post town of Ballina and the town of Ardnaree (both of
xvhich are separately described), 13,129 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 12,3315: statute acres: there is
much bog, and agriculture is in a backward state. The
principal seats are, Belleek Abbey, a noble mansion in
the later English style of architecture, erected by the
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proprietor at an expense of £10,000, and beautifully
situated on the banks of the Moy, in a fine demesne
tastefully laid out and richly planted ; and Belleek
Castle. It is now a rectory and a vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Killala, forming part of the union of Ardagh ;
the rectory was till lately approjiriate to the precentor-
ship of Killala cathedral, and the tithe rent-charge is
£'Z9*. 'i. 9; of which £37. 8. 6. were payable to the
precentor, and the remainder to the vicar. There is a
glebe-house, towards the erection of which the Board of
First Fruits gave £100, in 179-i, and which was rebuilt
by a loan of £600 and a gift of £'200 from the same
Board, in 18<28: the glebe comprises II acres. The
church of the union, in Ardnaree, was built in 1*63, by
aid of a gift of £300 from the Board, which also granted
£1400 as a loan for its enlargement in 1SI6; and the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £.5~3 for
its repair. The Roman Catholic parish is coextensive
with that of the Established Church, and has a hand-
some cathedral at Ardnaree. There are also places of
worship for Baptists and Wesleyan Methodists. Within
the parish are, a cromlech ; the remains of an ancient
castle, which gives name to the village of Ardnaree, or
" the King's height;'" and some ruins of the old church,
with a burial-ground attached.
KILMORGAN, a parish, in the barony of Corran,
union and county of Sligo, and province of Connavght,
2 miles (E. by N.) from Ballymote, on the road to Dro-
mahaire ; containing "2343 inhabitants. It comprises
57685: statute acres, principally under tillage, with some
pasture land and bog : the soil is generally good, and
there is excellent limestone. The principal seats are
Kilmorgan, Newpark, Kincrevan, and Branchfield. It
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Achonry, forming part
of the union of Emlyfad ; the rectory is impropriate in
Sir Robert Gore Booth, and the tithe rent-charge is
£167. 16., of which £77. 16. are payable to the impro-
priator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions it is part of the district of Ballymote,
and has a chapel at Kincrevan, and a nunnery. Part
of the church remains, containing a large tomb of the
Mac Donough family, by one of which the church was
probably built. Here are also several mounds of earth
covering stone graves, in which bones and urns have
been found, whence it is inferred that a battle was
anciently fousht here.
KILMOVEE, a parish, in the union of Swinford,
barony of Costello, county of Mayo, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, 5 milcs (\V. byN.) from Ballaghadireen,
on the road to Castlebar ; containing 5844 inhabitants.
It comprises '20,7565 statute acres, including about 8.500
acres of bog ; a large part is very barren and moun-
tainous. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Achonry,
forming part of the union of Castlemore ; the rectory
is impropriate in Viscount Dillon, and the tithe rent-
charge is £150. 6. 8., which is equally divided between
the impropriator and the vicar. The Roman Catholic
parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church, and has chapels at Kilmovee and Glen. There
are some remains of the church, in a burial-ground.
KILMOYLAN, a parish, in the uni.m of Tiam,
barony of Clare, county of Galway, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, 5| miles (S.) from Tuam, and on the road
from Mount-Bellew to Galway ; containing 1903 inha-
bitants. This parish comprises 8567 statute acres, and
Vol. II.— 153
K I I.-M r
includes the villages of Anbally and Doncananiore, near
the former of which are the ruins of Anbally Cattle ;
there are also within the parish the remains of the
castles of Tavanagh and Curofin. The principal seats
are Curofin and Annagh. It is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Tuam, forming part of the union of Moylougli ; the
rectory constitutes the corps of the prebend of Kilmoy-
lan in the cathedral of Tuam, in the patronage of the
Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £210, half jjayable to
the prebendary and half to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Clare-Tuam ; a chapel has been built at Curofin.
KILMOYLAN, a parish, in the union of Ratii-
KEELE, barony of Siiamd, county of Limerick, and
province of Minster ; adjoining the post-town of
Shanagolden, and containing 3350 inhabitants. This
parish is near the river Shannon, and comprises 15,091
statute acres ; the land in the northern part is fertile,
and rests on limestone, but the southern parts are hilly.
About one-third of the whole is in cultivation ; the
remainder is rough mountain pasture and bog. There
are very few agricultural implements, as most of the
land is under spade husbandry. The living is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Limerick, and in the patronage of
the Vicars-Choral of Limerick cathedral, to whom the
rectory is appropriate : the tithe rent-charge is £174.6.,
one-third payable to the vicar and the remainder to the
lessees of the vicars-choral. There is no church, glebe-
house, or glebe. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
jiarish forms part of the district of Shanagolden, and
has a chapel in the small village of Ballyhahill. Here'
are the remains of Shanid Castle, one of the principal
fortresses of the earls of Desmond, and from which ori-
ginated their war-cry of Sliuiiirl-a-boo : the walls are ten
feet thick and forty high, and rest upon an artificial
conical mound on the top of a hill, which rises abruptly
from a fertile plain and is surrounded by numerous
intrenchments. Near the castle is a spacious circular
fort surrounded by embankments and fosses.
KILMUCKRIDGE, a parish, in the union of Gorey,
barony of Ballaghkeen, county of Wexford, and
province of Leinster, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Oulart ;
on St. George's Channel, and on the old coast-road from
Wexford to Dublin ; containing 160'2 inhabitants. It
comprises 3898|- statute acres, principally under tillage:
the soil is a rich loam, resting on a substratum of marl,
which forms the chief manure ; it is peculiarly adapted
for tillage, and the state of agriculture has in conse-
quence been highly improved. There is little bog, but
coal is occasionally landed at Morris Castle. The prin-
cipal seats are, Upton, commanding an extensive view
of the sea-coast; Kilmuckridge Lodge; and Walsh-
field. The village of Kilmuckridge contains "270 inha-
bitants, of whom IS9 are in this parish and the remainder
in the parish of Killancooly. A lucrative herring and
oyster fishery is carried on at Morris Castle ; the former
branch employing about 1"2 boats, principally belonging
to this neighbourhood; and the latter about 40, princi-
pally belonging to Arklow. There is a constabulary
police station in the village ; and fairs are held on Jan.
1st, Easter-Monday, June '24th, and Sept. '29th: at
Morris Castle is a coast-guard station. The living is
an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, held with
that of Melina and the vicarage of Ballyvaldcn : the
rectory is impropriate in H. K. G. Morgan, Esq., who
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K I L— M U
allows the curate £1S per annum for doing the duty ;
the curate also receives £-iO, as an augmentation, out
of the parish of Donaghmore. The tithe rent-charge of
Kilmuckridge is £11'2. 10., payable to the impropriator.
The church is a neat structure, for the erection of which
the Board of First Fruits granted a loan of £650 in
1815; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately
granted £138 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Litter,
which also comprises the parish of Killancooly and the
greater part of Monamolin : the chapel is at Litter, in
this parish.
KILMUD, or Kilmood, a parish, in the union of
Newtown-Ardes, barony of Lower Castlere.^gh,
county of Down, and province of LTlster, contiguous
to the post-town of Killinchy, and on the road from
Belfast to Downpatrick ; containing 2154 inhabitants.
This parish (called also Kilmoodraanagh), together with
an extensive manor having various important privileges,
formed part of the possessions of the ancient monastery
of Comber. It comprises 4634| statute acres, of which
about 34 are water ; 38 consist of plantations in the
demesne of Florida, and from 40 to 50 are bog. The
soil is generally fertile, and the land in a high state of
cultivation ; there is very little waste; and the bog, as
it becomes exhausted, is brought into cultivation. In
almost every part of the bog are found numbers of oak,
birch, and fir trees of full growth, which last especially
are in high preservation ; they are sawn with difficulty,
and the timber, said to be more durable than oak, is
much used in building. The oaks are large, some
measuring 30 feet in girth, and are found beneath the
fir at a depth of 26 feet, but in general much decayed.
The parish is remarkably healthy, and free from poverty.
Florida manor-house, an elegant mansion, is the prin-
cipal seat. A court leet and baron is held every third
week by the seneschal of the manor, at which debts
under 40s. are recoverable, and of which the jurisdiction
extends over the whole of this parish, and the townland
of Drumreagh in the parish of Killinchy. Petty-sessions
are also held in the manor court-house, a handsome
building erected in IS'^^. During the disturbances of
1798, the manor of Florida raised a battalion of yeo-
manry ; the men still retain their arms and accoutre-
ments, but of late have been seldom called out by
government to exercise.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Down, and
in the alternate patronage of the Marquess of Downshire
and the family of Gordon, in the latter of whom the
rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £113. 14.6. A handsome glebe-house was
built in 1825, partly by £415 and a loan of £129 from
the Board of First Fruits ; and the family of Gordon, in
consideration of getting the alternate presentation, gave
10 acres of land as a glebe, and endowed the vicarage
with a rent-charge of £40 payable out of their estate of
Florida. The church, after the dissolution of the monas-
tery of Comber, fell into decay, and the tithes were
annexed to those of the parish of Hillsborough, 14 miles
distant; but in 1821, the present church, an elegant
structure in the later English style, with a handsome
tower and spire rising to the height of 120 feet, was
erected near the site of the ancient ruins, at the joint
expense of the lord of the manor and the Marquess of
Londonderry, aided by a gift of £900 from the Board
154
of First Fruits. The interior is fitted up with Riga oak ;
the east window, of stained glass, and of large dimen-
sions and very beautiful, appears to have been copied
from that of Salisbury cathedral. In the churchyard is
a mausoleum belonging to the Gordon family. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Saintfield. A handsome school-house was
erected by the late Mr. Gordon and the Marquess of
Londonderry ; the school is supported by the trustees
of Erasmus Smith's charity, who pay the master £25
per annum. A school at Drumnahirk was built and is
supported by Lord DutFerin, and there are also two pri-
vate schools, in which are about 1 50 children ; and a
flourishing Sunday school union, consisting of more than
600 members. An extensive religious lending library
is kept for the use of the poor.
KILMULLANE. — See Killaspigmullane.
KILMURRY, a parish, in the union of Macroom,
partly in the barony of East Muskerry, but chiefly in
the barony of West Muskerry, county of Cork, and
province of Munster, 6 miles (S. S. E.) from Macroom,
on the road to Bandon ; containing 3742 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 9109 statute acres. Its surface
is undulating, and its substratum slate : the soil is
generally cold and badly cultivated, except on the
demesne farm of Sir Augustus Warren, Bart., of War-
ren's Court, a large and handsome house in an extensive
and well-planted demesne, in which are the ruins of the
old church of Kilbarry or Macloneigh. The other seats
are Ballytrasua, Shandangan, Greenville, and Elmville.
At the village is a constabulary police station ; and fairs
are held on Feb. 1st, May 1st, Sept. 8th, Nov. 1st, and
Dec. 21st, principally for horned cattle and pigs. The
parish is an impropriate cure, in the diocese of Cork j
the rectory is impropriate in the Duke of Devonshire,
who pays a curate £100 per annum for performing the
parochial duties. The tithes of the parish, under the
Composition act, amount to £"50, but they have not
been paid for fifty years. A church is about to be built
by a grant from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners and
by subscription. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Kilmichael, and has
a small chapel in the village. Here is the shattered ruin
of the ancient castle of Clodagh, budt by M'^Carty More ;
the remains of the old church are near the village ; and
near the boundary of Kilmichael parish are the ruins of
Dunisky church.
KILMURRY, a parish, in the barony of Clan-
wiLLiAM, union and county of Limerick, and province
of Munster, 2^: miles (E.) from Limerick, and on the
southern bank of the Shannon ; containing I7O8 in-
habitants. The parish comprises 3570 statute acres,
including 14i acres of glebe, and about 35 acres of bog.
The soil is very fertile ; more than half of the land is in
tillage, Snd the remainder is meadow and pasture : the'
surface is well planted near the Shannon. A river
separates this parish from that of Castle-Connell, at the
beautiful seat of the Earl of Clare, in the latter parish.
Limestone is quarried in different places ; and there are
an excellent flour and oatmeal mill at Plassy, a paper
and a flour mill at Ballyclogh, a starch-mill at Anna-
cotty, and flour-mills at Ballysimon. The principal
seats arc Plassy, Milford, Shannon Park, Shannon 'View,
Willow Bank, Rose Lawn, and Ballyclogh House. At
Castle-Troy is a very neat cottage, belonging to Mr.
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K I L— M U
Matcrson, who at his own expense has made a gravel-
walk a considerable way along the hank of the Shannon,
for the convenience of the numerous visiters that fre-
quent this place in summer to enjoy the beautiful
scenery around it.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Limerick, episcopally united in 1*92 to the rectory of
Derrygalvin, but disjoined in 1837 ; it is in the patronage
of the Crown. The tithe rent-charge is £'273 : the
glebe-house erected in 1790 having become a ruin, a
new one was lately built at his own expense by the Rev.
W. Maunsell, the rector, for which he has a charge on
the benefice against his successor for £4.58. 6. ; there
are three glebes, together consisting of 1'2 acres. The
church is a substantial edifice, with a tower and spire
of hewn stone ; for its erection the Board of First
Fruits granted a loan of £580 iu iSVl. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union or
district of St. Patrick's, Limerick. On the bank of the
Shannon, boldly situated on a basaltic rock, are the
ruins of Castle-Troy, which was erected by Dermot
O'Brien in the reign of Henry IIL ; and not far distant
are the ruins of the ancient church of Killonan or
Killowen.
KILMURRY, a parish, in the union ofCARRiCK-
ON-SuiR, barony of Iffa and Offa East, county of
TiPPERARY, and province of Munster, 2^ miles
(N. W. byN.) from Carrick-on-Suir ; near the river
Suir and the high road from Clonmel to Waterford ;
containing 2478 inhabitants. The parish comprises
7276 statute acres ; and is a rectory, in the diocese of
Lismore, forming part of the union of Kilsheelan : the
tithe rent-charge is £378. 14. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is united with Grange-Mockler ;
there is a chapel in each.
KILMURRY-CLONDERLAW, a parish, in the
union of Kilrush, barony of Clonderlaw, county of
Clare, and province of Munster, 7 miles (W. S. W.)
from Kildysart, on the road to Kilrush ; containing
433'2 inhabitants. It is situated on the north-western
side of the bay of Clonderlaw, and on the river Shannon.
The bay is an open but insecure roadstead, near the bot-
tom of which is a creek ; and at the village of Knock is
a small pier for the convenience of boats landing sea
manure and shipping grain to Limerick. The parish
comprises 10,458 statute acres, mostly under tillage;
and from the abundant supply of rich manure afforded
by the bay, the crops are very good : the state of agri-
culture has of late years been gradually improving.
There is a large portion of bog ; and in some places
coal is supposed to exist, but it has not yet been worked.
Fairs are held at Kilmurry-M'Mahon on the 24th of
May, July, and September ; and a seneschal's court for
the manor of Clonderlaw is occasionally held, in which
small debts are recoverable. The gentlemen's seats are
Clonderlaw, Kilmore, Thornbury, Woodlawn, Oaklands,
and Carabane.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe,
episcopally united in 1774 to those of Killofin, Kilmac-
duane, Kilfedane, and Killeymur, together constituting
the union of Kilmurry, in the patronage of the Bishop :
the rectory is impropriate in John Scott, Esq. The
tithe rent-charge is £155. 15. 6., of which £90 are pay-
able to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar ;
the tithe of the entire benefice of the vicar is £387. 4. 8.
155
The globe-house was built in 1811, when the Hoard <>(
First Fruits granted £450 as a gift, and £53 as a loan,
towards its erection ; it is at present in indilTerent
repair. The principal glebe comprises 17 acres, subject
to a rent of £3. 1. per acre ; and there is an old glebe
of la. 3r, near the church. The church, built in IHIO
on the site of the ancient edifice, and towards which the
Board granted a loan of £600, is a small plain structure
with a square tower ; it had fallen into a dilapidated
state, but was lately repaired and enlarged by the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners at an expense of £415. In
the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is the head of
a district, which also includes the parish of Killofin and
contains the chapels of Kilmurry and Rhine : a spacious
and handsome chapel has been just completed at Drom-
digus. The parochial school-house was built on the
smaller glebe by the Rev. J. Martin, the incumbent,
aided by subscriptions and a grant from the Lord-
Lieutenant's fund ; and a large school has been esta-
blished at Kilmurry-M'^Mahon. In the demesne of
Clonderlaw are the remains of a castle, formerly the
residence of Sir Teigue M'^Mahon. — See Knock.
KILMURRY-ELY, a parish, in the union of Ros-
CREA, barony of Clonlisk, King's county, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 2^ miles (N. by W.) from Shinrone,
and on the road from Roscrea to Banaghcr ; containing
1655 inhabitants, and 5385^ statute acres. It is a rec-
tory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, forming
part of the union of Shinrone : the tithe rent-charge is
£179. 1.6. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Shinrone, and has a chapel
at Brusna.
KILMURRY-IBRICKANE, a parish, in the union
of KiLRVSH, barony of Ibrickane, county ofCuRE,
and province of Mvnster, 4 miles (S.) from Miltown-
Malbay, on the road to Kilrush ; containing, with
Mutton or Enniskerry Island, 10,747 inhabitants, of
whom 91 are in the village. It forms part of the
dangerous western coast called " The Malbay," where
if a vessel be embayed, its only chances of being saved
are on the northern side of Liscanor bay, on the north-
eastern side of Dunmore bay, or within the ledge of
rocks opposite to Eimiskcrry, extending eastward from
Seafield Point, in this parish. At each of these places
a pier was erected by the late Fishery Board ; that at
Seafield can only be approached at spring tides by ves-
sels of 12 tons' burthen, but it is considered capable of
being much improved, and would then be of great
service. Here is a station of the coast-guard, being one
of the six comprised in the district of Miltown-Malbay.
The parish comprises 25,8571 statute acres, a large
portion of which consists of mountain pasture and bog :
the arable land is generally manured with sea-weed and
sand, and the state of agriculture is gradually improving.
A court is occasionally held at Tromaroe by the seneschal
for the manor of Moih Ibrickane, iu which small debts
are recoverable. The parish is a rectory, iu the diocese
of Killaloe, entirely impropriate in the family of "\Vynd-
ham : the tithe rent-charge is £138. 9. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Miltown : there is a chapel of ease at ]Mullogh. The
mountain streams in this parish form several picturesque
cascades. — See Enniskerrv and Mullogh.
KILMURRYNEGAUL, a parish, in the union of
Ennis, barony of Lower Bunratty, county of Clabe,
X2
K I L— N A
and province of Munster, 2f miles (N. byW.) from
Six-mile-bridge, on the road to Tulla ; containing 699
inhabitants. It comprises 29l'l statute acres, mostly
under tillage : the state of agriculture has of late been
much improved, chiefly through the exertions of the
Studdcrt family, of Kilkishen, whose residence, a hand-
some mansion surrounded by a well-wooded and highly
improved demesne, is within the limits of this parish,
though adjoining the village of Kilkishen, in the parish
of Clonlea. The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe :
the rectory forms part of the rectorial union of Ogashin,
and the vicarage part of the union of Kilfinaghty. The
tithe rent-charge is £58. I"., of which £31. 3. are pay-
able to the rector, and the remainder to the vicar. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the district of Six-mile-bridge, and has a chapel near
the village of Kilmurry. The ruins of the church still
remain in the burial-ground, and within the limits of
the parish are the ruined castles of Rossroe, Kilmurry,
and Kilkishen ; the last stands in Mr. Studdert's
demesne.
KILMURVEY, a village, in the parish of Arran-
MORE, barony of Arran, union and county of Galway,
and province of Connaught : the population is re-
turned with the parish. The village is situated on the
island of Arranmore, in the bay of that name, which is
also called Portmurvey. A constabulary police force
has been stationed here ; and there is a coast-guard
station, forming one of those included in the district of
Galway.
KILNABRONOGUE, or Kilmalanogce, a parish,
in the union of Ballinasloe, barony of Longford,
county of Galway, and province of Connaught, 3
miles (N. E.) from Portumna, on the road to Eyrecourt ;
containing ll^e inhabitants. The parish comprises
SS.'j^^ statute acres. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Clonfert, forming part of the union of Clonfert ; the
rectory is partly appropriate to the vicarage, and the
tithe rent-charge is £53. 13., of which £13. 8. are pay-
able to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the re-
mainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Portumna. In
the adjoining parish of Clontuskert is a convent of
Dominican friars, at Boulas, who superintend a school.
KILN ADEEM A. — See Killeenadeema.
KILNAGARENAGH.— See Lemanaghan.
KILNAGLORY, a parish, in the union of Cork,
partly in the barony of Cork, but chiefly in that of
East Muskerry, county of Cork, and province of
Munster, 5 miles (W. S. W.) from Cork, and on the
old road from BallincoUig to Ovens ; containing 1080
inhabitants. This parish, which is situated in the heart
of a retired district, comprises 394'2 statute acres. A
l)ortion of it dips into the limestone district near Ovens,
and again near BallincoUig Castle ; but the stone lies
too deep to be profitably worked, as it can be easily pro-
cured from the adjacent parishes. The southern portion
of the parish, adjoining Inniskcnny, rests entirely upon
a substratum of clay-slate ; the surface is hilly, and the
land full of springs, which is a great impediment to cul-
tivation, especially in wet seasons. The northern or
lower portion partakes of the rich and excellent quality
of the limestone plain of which it forms a part, and the
soil is extremely fertile. About one-third of the whole
land is in pasture, and the remainder under tillage : the
156
K I L— N A
system of agriculture is improving ; the holdings, being
in the possession of a few individuals, who have both
skill and capital, are in an excellent state of cultivation.
The seats are Greenfield and Ballinora. The living is a
rectory, in the diocese of Cork ; partly constituting the
corps of the prebend of Kilnaglory in the cathedral
church, and partly appropriate to the treasurer of St.
Finbarr's, Cork ; and in 17S5 episcopally united, so far
as regards the prebend, to the rectory and vicarage of
Athnowen, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe
rent-charge is £5*0, of which £'243. 15. are payable to
the prebendary, and the remainder to the treasurer. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of BallincoUig ; there is a neat chapel at
Ballinora. Here are several raths or forts.
KILNAGROSS, or Kilnacross, a parish, in the
union of Bandon, Eastern division of the barony of
East Carbery, county of Cork, and province of
Munster, 2 miles (N. E.) from Clonakilty, on the road
to Bandon ; containing 2060 inhabitants. It comprises
3764 statute acres, of which about 100 acres are waste
land or bog, and the remainder arable : agriculture is
in an improving state, the heavy wooden plough being
now nearly out of use ; sea-sand is used for manure.
There is a quarry of excellent slate at Forkhill, and a
large flour-mill at Shannon Vale. The principal seats
are Shannon Vale, Fort Prospect, Ballymacowen, Castle
View, and Kilnagross Cottage. The living is a rectory,
in the diocese of Ross, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £2*7. The church,
which was rebuilt in 1838, is a very neat edifice. There
is now no glebe, though formerly, as appears by the
Down survey, eight acres belonged to the parish ; the
rector pays rent for his house. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Clon-
akilty. A parochial school is aided by the rector, and
endowed with a house and an acre of land by T. Hodnet,
Esq. ; there is also a Sunday school. On the summit
of an eminence, about a mile eastward from the church,
are the remains of a very large cromlech.
KILNALECK, a village, in the parish of Kildrum-
ferton, barony of Castleraghan, union and county
of Cavan, and province of Ulster, 8 miles (S. W.) from
Cavan, and on the road from Mount-Nugent to Bally-
jamesduff, in connexion with which latter town here is
a receiving-house for letters ; there are 327 inhabitants.
This village, which contains about 74 houses, has been
lately in a great measure rebuilt. It is a constabulary
police station ; and has fairs for cattle on Feb. 2nd,
March 25th, May 13th, June 11th and 29th, Aug. 10th
and 26th, Sept. 11th, Nov. 1st, and Dec. I'th.
KILNAMANAGH, or Killenamanagh, a parish,
in the barony of Frenchpark, union of Boyle, county
of Roscommon, and province of Connaught, 5 miles
(S. S. W.) from Boyle, on the road to Castlerea ; con-
taining 2900 inhabitants. It comprises 7621 5 statute
acres, principally under tillage, and includes extensive
bogs and marshes : limestone is plentiful. About a
mile above Lough Gara, the river Breedogue is crossed
by a long low causeway bridge, near which a village has
arisen. The principal seat is Kingsland. The parish is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin and union of Boyle ;
the rectory is impropriate in Viscount Lorton, and R.
Young, Esq., of Castlerea, and the tithe rent-charge is
£61. 16., half payable to the vicar, and half to the
K I L— N A
K I L— N A
impropriators. There is no glebe-house ; the glebe
comprises '25a. 3r. '26/). statute measure, valued at £'2 1 ,
'and subject to a rent of £2. 12. 6., per annum. The
church is in ruins. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Lough Glen, and
contains a chapel. There is a school supported by the
Church Education Society and the vicar.
KILNAMANNAGH, or Kii.mannacii, a parish, in
the union of Bantry, barony of Bere, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, 4 miles (S. \V.) from Castle-
town ; containing 6061 inhabitants. This parish is situ-
ated on the south-western coast, forming a peninsula
between the bays of Bantry and Ballydonagan, and com-
prises 13,809 statute acres. Of these, 3126 are arable,
and the remainder pasture, bog, and mountain ; the
arable land is tolerably fertile, and is chiefly cultivated by
the spade, and manured with sea-weed and sand. The
mountains consist of slate, of which there are excellent
quarries at Lickbarren, but imperfectly worked. The
greatest copper-mines in Ireland are situated in this
parish, at AUihais; they have been extensively and con-
stantly worked since 1813, and now produce from 6000
to 7000 tons annually of good ore, valued at £9 per ton.
The works are carried on both by steam and water, and
employ from 1200 to 1500 men; the ore is conveyed
by hookers for shipment to Swansea. There are mills
at Ballydonagan for crushing the ore, and numerous
houses and cottages for the persons employed have been
built ; a new road from Castletown to the mines has
been opened, and other improvements are contemplated.
Asbestos is found at Kenlogh, and near Blackball. At
the south-western extremity of the parish is Crow Head,
in lat. 51° 34' 20" and Ion. 10° 11' 40" : on Blackball
Head is a signal station ; and between it and Sheep
Head is the entrance to Bantry bay. Dursey Island is
separated from the coast by a deep and dangerous
channel, about 50 yards wide, through which the tide
runs with great rapidity. There is a coast-guard station
at Garinish Point, one of the three stations in the Castle-
town district. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Ross, forming part of the union of Kilaconenagh ;
the rectory is partly impropriate in Lord Riversdale,
and partly appropriate to the vicarage, and the tithe
rent-charge is £208. 19., of which £97- 10. are payable
to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In
the Roman Catholic divisions Kilnaniannagh is in the
diocese of Kerry, and is the head of a district, called
Castletown, comprising this parish and Kilaconenagh ;
there is a chapel at Cahirmore. The church is a pic-
turesque ruin.
KILNAMARTRY, or Kilnamartin, a parish, in
the union of Mac room, barony of West Muskerry,
county of Cork, and province of Mu.vster, 4 miles
(S. W.) from Macroom ; containing 2782 inhabitants.
It comprises 11,680 statute acres, lying between the
rivers Toome and Sullane. Agriculture is backward,
and the land generally cold and unproductive ; not
more than one-third is in cultivation, the remainder
being rough rocky pasture, bog, and marsh. Good
building-stone and inferior slate are raised in several
places, and there are indications of copper-ore. The
principal seats are Raleagh and Cahirdahy. The living
is a rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patron-
age of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £315. There
is a handsome glebe-house, for the erection of which
157
the Board of First Fruits, in 1814, gave £100 and lent
£900 : the glebe comprises 29a. 28/>. The church is a
large edifice with a square tower ; it was built in 1813 by a
gift of £600 from the same Board, and the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners lately granted £235 for its repair. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a
district, sometimes called Theronadromman, comprising
the parishes of Kilnamartry and Ballyvourney, and part
of Clondrohid, and containing a chapel at Caradagher,
and one in Ballyvourney ; the former is a large plain
substantial building. The castle of Kilredagh stands on
a lofty hill and commands the passes of both the rivers
which bound the parish ; it was very strongly built, and
remained tolerably entire till 1833, when a considerable
part fell.
KILNANARE.— See Killanear.
KILNANEAVE, or Kili.inaffe, a parish, in the
union of Nenagh, barony of Upi'er Ormond, county of
TiiTERARY, and province of Munster, 4^ miles (S. E.
by S.) from Nenagh, and on the old road from Dublin to
Limerick ; containing 2021 inhabitants, and 6608 statute
acres. Here is the seat of Monaquil. The parish is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, forming
part of the union of Kilmore : the tithe rent-charge is
£166. 3. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is part of the district of Templederry.
KILNASEAR.— See Callabeg.
KILNASOOLAGH, a parish, in the union of Ennis,
barony of Lower Bu.n ratty, county of Clare, and
province of Munster, adjoining the post-town of
Newmarket-on-Fergus, and on the road from Ennis to
Limerick; containing 1158 inhabitants. It comprises
5138 statute acres ; the land is of excellent quality and
mostly under tillage, and the state of agriculture is
much improved, chiefly through the exertions of the
late Sir Edward O'Brien, Bart. Limestone of superior
quality abounds, and some of it admits of a high polish.
The Latoon river, which separates this parish from Quin
on the north, is navigable to the bridge for lighters of
50 tons ; sea-manure is landed, and corn occasionally
sent hence to Limerick. A cotton-manufactory was
established a few years since, but was soon discontinued.
The Newmarket petty-sessions are held every alternate
Thursday at Rathfoland, on the southern border of the
parish, immediately adjoining the town. Dromoland,
the seat of Sir Lucius O'Brien, is a superb edifice in the
castellated style, lately erected on the site of the ancient
mansion, and surrounded by an extensive and richly
wooded demesne, in which great improvements have
been made. On an eminence in the deer-park is a
turret that forms a conspicuous landmark in the navi-
gation of the Fergus. Carrigorin, the seat of Sir Wil-
liam Fitzgerald, Bart., is a handsome mansion com-
manding a fine view of the junction of the Fergus and
Shannon, and of the islands by which the former river
is studded.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe,
united to those of Dromline and Kilmaleery. and in the
patronage of the Bishop : the rectory forms part of the
rectorial union of Tradree or Tomfinlough. The tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £161. 11. 6., of which
£110. 15. 6. are payable to the rector, and the re-
mainder to the vicar ; the entire tithe of the vicarial
union is £138. 9., Irish. The glebe-house, erected
about 1815, and for which the Board of First Fruits
K I L— N A
K I L— N E
granted £400 as a gift and £"260 as a loau, stands on a
gentle eminence commanding an extensive prospect of
the Fergus and Shannon and their numerous islands :
the principal glebe comprises 12 acres, subject to a rent
of £9 late currency, and there is a glebe of l^ acre near
the church. The church, a large and handsome build-
ing with a tower surmounted by a spire, was rebuilt in
1815, at an expense of about £1500, towards which the
Board granted a loan of £900 : it contains a finely
executed monument to Sir Donat O'Brien, and some
mural tablets of the Fitzgerald family. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Newmarket, where the principal chapel is situated.
At Dromoland is a large school, with a garden and
apartments for the master, entirely supported by the
O'Brien family ; a female school is also supported by
Lady O'Brien. At Mohawn and Rathfoland are the
ruins of the castles respectively so called.
KILNAUGHTEN, a parish, in the union of Lis-
TOWEL, barony of Iraghticonnor, county of Kerry,
and province of Munster, on the southern shore of
the river Shannon ; containing, with the post-town of
Tarbert (which is described under its own head), 5102
inhabitants. The parish is estimated to comprise about
9164 statute acres, of which S340 are applotted under
the Tithe act : the land is in general good, and mostly
under tillage, but there is a considerable portion of
bog in the southern part. Limestone is brought from
Askeaton by the boats employed in conveying turf from
Tarbert to Limerick, and is used for manure ; the state
of agriculture has latterly been much improved. On
the estate of Colonel Halliburton is a quarry of excel-
lent stone, adapted for flagging and building ; the flags
are chiefly sent to Limerick and other places, for the
streets ; the stone for the bridewell and new Roman
Catholic chapel at Tarbert was taken from this quarry.
The seats are, Sallow Glen, a spacious and handsome
mansion, situated in a finely wooded demesne of more
than 100 acres extending along the picturesque glen of
that name ; Pyrmont, commanding a fine view of the
Shannon ; Carrunakilly ; Lislaghtin Abbey ; Tarbert
House, commanding a view of the bay of Tarbert and
the river Shannon ; Ahanna ; and Leslie Lodge, late the
residence of the family of that name.
The parish is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe :
the rectory is impropriate in Anthony Raymond, Esq.,
and the vicarage forms part of the union of Aghavallin
and Listowel. Of the tithe rent- charge, amounting to
£200. 12., two-thirds are payable to the impropriator
and the remainder to the vicar. The church for this
portion of the union, a neat modem building, is near
Tarbert. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
(with the exception of the townland of Kilmurly) forms
part of the district of Ballylongford, also called the
district of Tarbert, at which latter place is a handsome
chapel of recent erection. At Sallow Glen is a school
supported by Mr. Sandes ; near Tarbert is one on
Erasmus Smith's foundaticm, with two acres of land
and an excellent house for the master ; and a third
school is chiefly supported by the Methodists of Tarbert.
The ruins of the old church of Kilnaughten still remain,
in the burial-ground ; and at Kilmurly, or Kilmacrehy,
are vestiges of another old church or chapel. On the
eastern side of the creek of Ballylongford are the pic-
turesque ruins of the abbey of Lislaghtin, founded by
O'Conor Kerry for Franciscans of the Strict Observance :
the tower, choir, and several other parts of the build-
ings, remain. These ruins, with the modern mansion,
are in the parish of Aghavallin.
KILNEBOY, a parish, in the union of Ennisty-
MON, barony of Inchiquin, county of Cl.^re, and pro-
vince of Munster ; containing, with the post-town of
Curofin (which is separately described), 4102 inhabit-
ants. It is situated on the road from Ennis to Kilfe-
nora, and comprises 17,967 statute acres. A very large
portion of the land is rocky pasture, a small quantity
only being under tillage 5 the soil varies from the poor-
est to the richest quality, resting on a substratum of
limestone. There are some extensive tracts of bog in
the eastern part of the parish ; coal has been discovered
on the mountains of Clifden, lead-ore at Glanquin, and
a rich silver-mine lately in Tullacommon, but none are
worked. The surface is boldly diversified, and embel-
lished with the picturesque lakes of Inchiquin and Ta-
dune, the latter of which is but partly in the parish.
The lake of Inchiquin is about 2i miles in circumfer-
ence, and is situated at the base of a richly wooded
range of hills, forming a fine contrast to the bare lime-
stone rocks in the vicinity. On its northern side are
the interesting ruins of Inchiquin Castle, from time
immemorial the property and long the residence of the
O'Brien family, whose descendant, the Marquess of
Thomond, derives his title of Earl of Inchiquin from
this estate ; they consist of a very ancient castle in a
greatly dilapidated condition, and a mansion attached
to it, and contribute much to the beautiful scenery of
the lake. On the opposite shore is the mansion of the
Burton family, and in the immediate vicinity of the
lake are several other seats, of which that called Adelphi
is an elegant cottage residence, adjoining which are the
picturesque ruins of an old tower. An excellent road
has been formed over the hill of Inchiquin, from Adelphi
to Crossard. The lake is well stored with brown and
white trout ; and a regatta, recently established, is
likely to become an annual amusement. The other
seats in the parish are, Elmvale, that of J. O'Brien,
Esq.; Poplar; Inchiquin Cottage ; and Richmond. A
manorial court is occasionally held at Curofin, and
petty- sessions every alternate Wednesday.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Killaloe, episcopally united in ISOl to the rectory
and vicarage of Kilkeedy and the vicarages of Dysert,
Rath, and Inchicronane, together forming the union of
Kilneboy, in the patronage of the Bishop, The tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £78. 9. 9., and of the entire
benefice £351. IS. The glebe-house is in Kilkeedy;
the glebes comprise 2S| acres. The church situated at
Curofin is a neat edifice, erected by aid of a loan of
£400 from the late Board of First Fruits, in 1826;
there is also a church in the parish of Kilkeedy. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Curofin, comprising also the parish of
Rath ; the district has three chapels, situated respect-
ively at Kilneboy, Curofin, and Rath.
There are some ruins of the old church of Kilneboy,
which appears to have been built long before the Re-
formation ; and near them is the base of an ancient
round tower, now reduced to a height of only 12 feet,
and without any aperture either for door or window. At
a short distance to the north-west, and at the boundary
K I L— N E
K I L— N E
of the lands formerly attached to the church, is a
remarkable stone cross, fixed in a rock, and consisting
of a shaft with two arms curving upwards, on each of
which, near the top, is a head carved in relief, and in
the centre two hands clasped ; it is said to have been
erected in memory of the reconciliation of two persons
who had been long at violent enmity. The small village
of Kilneboy is stated traditionally to have been formerly
a large town, of much earlier origin than Curofin.
Within a short distance from it are the ruins of a
square fortress, with the remains of two angular towers,
in which cannon used to be mounted ; it is supposed to
have been erected about the time of Elizabeth, is situ-
ated in low ground by the side of the river, and is said
to have been at one time the residence of the deans of
Kilfenora. About half a mile from the ruins of Kilne-
boy church are those of the church of Cood, apparently
of great antiquity. Near this spot, and within the old
race-course of Cood, part of the army of James II.
encamped in 1689. To the east of Curofin is the ceme-
tery of the church of Kilvedatie, of which building,
though existing within the memory of many persons
living, no vestige can now be traced. In this cemetery
was interred Hugh Mac Curtin, a celebrated Irish anti-
quary, scholar, and poet ; he was author of the anti-
quities of Ireland, au Irish grammar and dictionary,
and other works. At GUtnqiiin was a church said to
have been founded by St. Patrick ; there is no vestige,
except the cemetery, which is still used. A Moravian
church was built at Crussard, in 1793, but the society
was soon dissolved, and the building fell into dilapida-
tion ; it was afterwards used as a Roman Catholic
chapel, and is now unoccupied. About two miles to
the north of Kilneboy are the remains of the castle of
Lemenagh, formerly the residence of the O'Brien family ;
and on the road side, a mile eastward from Curofin, are
the beautiful and very perfect remains of the castle of
Ballyportree. On the common of the parish is a large
cromlech. There are two holy wells ; one, situated near
the Roman Catholic chapel, is surrounded with large
trees, and not far from it are the remains of an ancient
stone cross. Near Crossard is an extensive natural
cavern ; and at Thaiscogh, on a rocky eminence, is a
remarkable spot, where seven springs have their source,
and unite into one stream, which takes a subterraneous
course for nearly a mile, and then emerges. Dr. Charles
Lucas, a distinguished political writer on Irish affairs,
is said to have been a native of this parish.
KILNEDDY, or Kilneady, an ancient parish, in
the union of Waterford, barony of Knocktopher,
county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 4
miles (S. S.E.) from Knocktopher, and near the road
from Kilkenny to Waterford ; containing about 38
inhabitants. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Ossory, forming part of the ecclesiastical union of
Knocktopher. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is part of the district of Ballyhale. At Bally-
tarsney is a chalybeate spring, from the sides of which,
stalactites of iron-ore are taken ; and iron-ore fit for
smelting is said to exist in the parish.
KILNEGARRUFF, or Kilnegariff, a parish, in
the union of Limerick, partly in the barony of Owney
and Arra, county of Tipperary, and partly in the
barony of Claxwilliam, county of Limerick, but
chiefly in the ancient county of the city of Limerick,
159
in the province of Munster, 2 miles (S. E. byS.) from
Castle-Connell, and on the road from Limerick to Dub-
lin ; containing 27'24 inhabitants. It comprises 4455
statute acres, including about 500 of valuable bog. The
land is based on limestone ; part of it is extremely rich
and part sterile. Agriculture is improving rapidly, and
the cultivation of green crops has been introduced.
Towards the western termination of the parish are
several flourishing plantations, which form part of the
Earl of Clare's demesne of Mount Shannon : the scats
here are Thornfield, Woodsdown, Mulcahcr, and Rich
Hill. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of KiUaloe, forming part of the union of Castle-Connell :
the tithe rent-charge is £'203. 16. The church was
destroyed in the war of 1641, and was rebuilt, but is
now in ruins. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is also part of the union or district of Castle-
Connell, and has a large new chapel at Ahane. There
is a dispensary, connected with that of Castle-Connell.
KILNEHUE, or Lamogue, a parish, in the union
and barony of Gorey, county of Wexford, and pro-
vince of Leinster, '2 miles (S.) from Gorey, on the
high road to Carnew ; containing 3596 inhabitants.
This parish comprises 15,360 statute acres, of which
nearly the whole is under tillage. The soil is in general
light, with the exception of some heavy clay near
Gorey; the system of agriculture has of late been much
improved ; but the want of lime, which is not to be
obtained nearer than the county of Carlow, is a great
obstacle to progress. !Marl-pits occur in various parts
of the parish, and at Slievebawn, near Moneyseed
chapel, are some quarries of good slate. A constabu-
lary police force is stationed in a commodious barrack
at the village of Hollyfort. The living is a rectory and
perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, the rectory
forming part of the union of Gorey and of the corps of
the deanery of Ferns ; the perpetual curacy, which was
erected in 1S2S, and of which the stipend is £1'20, is in
the patronage of the Dean. The tithe rent-charge is
£349. 7. 6., with the exception of the townland of
Buckstown, the tithes of which have from time imme-
morial been paid to the rector of Carnew. The curacy
extends over '27 townlands, comprising the greater part
of this parish, and also over two townlands in the pa-
rish of Kilkevan. A glebe of 6i acres was to have been
allotted to the curate, in exchange for the original glebe
of 4i acres, but the arrangement was not effected, and
the old glebe is still annexed to the curacy ; there is no
glebe-house. A neat church, towards the erection of
which the Board of First Fruits gaie £b00, was built in
1813, at Hollyfort; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
recently granted £141 for its repair. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the union of
Gorey, but chiefly in that of Camolin ; there is a chapel
at Moneyseed. The parochial school is partly supported
by a grant of £7. 10. per annum from the Association
for Discountenancing Vice, and by a contribution from
the curate ; Lord Powerscourt allows the schoolmistress
£10 per annum.
KILNEMAXAGH.a parish, in the unions of Gorey
and Enniscortiiy, barony of Ballaghkeen, county
of We.vford, and province of Leinster, 1 mile (.\. E.)
from Oulart, on the old road to Gorey ; containing S70
inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the river
Awen-Banna, comprises 2678 statute acres. Nearly
K I L— N E
K I L— P A
the whole of the land is under tillage, with some small
tracts of pasture ; the soil is in general fertile, and the
system of agriculture improving. Ballanahown and
Ballanvach are two deserted mansions belonging to the
Irvines, of Ownavarra. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the tithe rent-charge is £95. 4. The glebe-house,
towards the erection of which the Board of First Fruits,
in ISO*, gave £100, is situated on a glebe of 27^ acres
of, cultivated land. The church, towards which the
same Board gave £600, in 1813, is a neat edifice, and
has been repaired by a grant of £104 from the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the union of Oulart,
where the parochial chapel is situated. The parochial
school, under the superintendence of the rector, is sup-
ported by subscription. Near Oulart, but within the
limits of the parish, is a fever hospital, with a dispensary
and a residence for a medical attendant.
KILNEMONA, a parish, in the union of ExN'nis,
barony of Inchiqiin, county of Cl.-vre, and province
of MuNSTER, 4 miles (W. N. \V.) from Ennis, on the
road to Ennistymon ; containing 1758 inhabitants. This
parish, though only f of a mile in breadth, e.xtends
nearly five miles in length : it comprises 54 18:^ statute
acres, about two-thirds of which are excellent arable
and pasture land, and the remainder chiefly reclaimable
bog; the state of agriculture is improving. In the
eastern part is a quarry of limestone of superior quality,
used for various purposes, and producing stones of con-
siderable size which are easily detached, the strata being
regularly disposed one above the other. Magowna, a
scat, in the parish, is situated near the ruins of the
castle of that name, formerly the residence of Bryan
O Brien. The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe ; the
rectory forms part of the rectorial union, and the vicar-
age part of the vicarial union, of Dromcliffe. Of the
tithe rent-charge, amounting to £93. 15., three-fifths are
payable to the rector and the remainder to the vicar :
there is a glebe of about one acre. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Inagh, and has a chapel. The ruins of the church still
remain, in the burial-ground ; at Shallee are the ruins
of the castle of that name, of which no particulars are
extant ; and there are several ancient forts or raths.
KILNENER.— See Killinor.
KILNERATH, or Newport (St. John's), a parish,
in the union of Nenagh, barony of Owney and Arra,
county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 2
miles (E.) from Newport, on the upper road to Nenagh ;
containing 2970 inhabitants. It comprises 10,450 sta-
tute acres : with the exception of an extensive tract of
l)og, affording excellent fuel, the land is in general of
good quality and in an improved state of cultivation.
The scenery is of interesting character ; the banks of
the river here are bold and rocky, presenting some very
.striking features, and masses of rock lying in its chan-
nel give an artificial rapidity to its course. The principal
scats are. Castle Waller, that of the Waller family, pleas-
ingly situated in a tastefully embellished demesne \ Oak-
hampton, the property of Lord Bloomfield ; and Rock-
vale. At Rockvale are considerable flour-mills. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel,
united by act of council to the rectories and vicarages
of Kilcomcnty and Kilvolane, together constituting the
union of Kilnerath, or St. John's Newport, in the patron-
age of the Bishop : KilloscuUy formed part of this union
until 1839, when, on the death of the then rector, the
Rev. S. Pennefather, it was severed by act of council.
The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £225, and of the
entire benefice £814. 9. 3. : there is a glebe-house in the
parish of Kilvolane, and the glebes of the union comprise
S| statute acres. The church of the union is at Newport.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head
of two districts ; one called Newport, comprising also
parts of the parishes of Kilvolane and Kilcomenty, in
each of which is a chapel ;, and the other called Bally-
nahinch, comprising also KilloscuUy, in which parish
is a chapel. The chapel at Ballynahinch, to which a
national school-house is attached, was built on ground
given by Lord Dunally. There are some remains of the
old church, and also of the chapel of Kilpatrick ; near
which latter is a chalybeate spring, not much used.
KILNINOR.— See Killinor.
KILNOE, a parish, in the union of Scariff, barony
of Lower Tulx-a, county of Clare, and province of
Munster, Sj miles (S. W.) from ScarifF, on the road to
Ennis ; containing 3482 inhabitants. It comprises
10,512^ statute acres, of which 5913 consist of arable
land of medium quality, and the remainder of mountain
pasture and bog. The state of agriculture is likely to
be much improved, in consequence of the new roads
lately made in the vicinity of Lough O'Grady, a portion
of which lake is within the limits of the parish. Fairs
are held at Bodike on Jan. 1st, April 2nd, July 1st, and
Oct. 5th ; and a court for the manor of Doonass is
occasionally held at Coolreath by the seneschal for the
recovery of small debts. The seats are Coolreath, St.
Catherine's, and Kilgorey. The parish is in the diocese
of Killaloe : part of the rectory is appropriate to the
prebend of Tomgraney, and the remainder forms part
of the rectorial union of Omullod ; the vicarage is part
of the vicarial union of Kilseily. The tithe rent-charge
is £170. 3., of which £24. 15. are payable to the pre-
bendary of Tomgraney, £69- 4. 8. to the rector, and the
remainder to the vicar. The ruins of the church still
remain. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Tomgraney, and has a
chapel at Bodike. Near the southern shore of Lough
O'Grady are the ruins of the castle of Coolreath, and
the ruins of another exist at Ballynahince.
KILPATRICK, a parish, in the union of Kinsale,
partly in the barony of Kerrycurrihy, but chiefly in
that of Kinnalea, county of Cork, and province of
Munster, 3 miles (S.) from Carrigaline, on the road to
Roberts Cove; containing 1081 inhabitants. It com-
prises 2664 statute acres, chiefly under tillage ; the soil
is generally poor and badly cultivated. The strand of
Ringabella bay furnishes sand for manure, in the con-
veyance of which about 10 boats belonging to this parish
and Tracton are employed, and great quantities are
landed at the bridge over the river Menane. The prin-
cipal seats are Ballea Castle, Fountainstown, Gurtna-
grenan, and Broomley. The parish is an impropriate
cure, in the diocese of Cork, forming part of the union
of Tracton ; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of
Shannon, and the tithe rent-charge is £90. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions Kilpatrick is part of the district
of Tracton. The ruins of the churcli, which was dedi-
cated to St. Patrick, are at the head of a glen.
K I L— P A
K I L-P E
KILPATRICK, an amicnt parish, in the union of
Edenderry, barony of Cakueky, county of Kii.dare,
and province of Leinster ; containing 1080 inhabitants.
It comprises 70765 statute acres.
KILPATRICK, county of Meath.— See Castle-
town-Kili-atrick.
KILPATRICK, a parish, in the union of Cashel,
barony of Lower Kii.nemanagh, county ofTiiM'ERARY,
and pn)vince of Munster, 4^ miles (N.N. K.) from Tip-
perary ; containing 1*34 inhabitants, and '27Sa statute
acres. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Cashel, forming part of the union of Ballintemple ; the
tithe rent-charge is £108. 10.
KILPATRICK, or Dorsakile, a parish, in the
barony of Demifore, county of Westmeath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, .5 miles (S. E.) from Castle-Pollard,
on the road to Killucan ; containing 447 inhabitants. It
comprises 189'H statute acres ; the soil is fertile and
principally under tillage, and there is abundance of lime-
stone. It is a curacy, in the diocese of Meath, forming
part of the union of Rathgraff ; the rectory is appro-
priate to the vicars-choral of Christ Church cathedral,
Dublin, to whom the whole tithe rent-charge, amounting
to £8^. 10., is payable. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is part of the district of St. Mary's.
Here are the ruins of an old church, with the vestiges of
a fortified building nearly adjacent; and part of another
fort is on the lands of Tuitestown. There are also five
large raths.
KILPATRICK, a parish, in the barony of Shelma-
LIER, union and county of Wexford, and province of
Leinster, 3^ miles (N.) from W'e.xford, on the coach-
road to Dublin ; containing 879 inhabitants. This
parish, which is situated partly on the river Slaney, and
partly on its estuary, above \Ve.\ford bridge, comprises
2739^ statute acres of good land in an excellent state of
cultivation ; the system of agriculture being superior to
what generally prevails in this part of the country, and
green crops having been cultivated for some years :
there is neither bog nor waste land. The river is un-
surpassed for the richness and beauty of the scenery on
its banks, and the surrounding country is agreeably and
strikingly diversified. Saunderscourt, the property and
residence of the Earl of Arran, commands a fine view of
the bridge and harbour of Wexford ; and Kyle, another
seat, is embosomed in woods of the richest foliage, and
embellished with pleasure-grounds and gardens tastefully
laid out and commanding extensive and varying views
of the scenery of the Slauey. On a rocky eminence in
Lower Kyle, overlooking the river, is a monumental
obelisk, erected in 1786 by the Rev. C. Harvey, D.D., to
commemorate the exertions and patriotism of General
George Ogle and the independent volunteers of Ireland,
the first corps of which was raised in this county. The
" Kyle Model Gardens, " established by C. G. Harvey,
Esq. (who appropriated nearly eleven statute acres of his
best land for that purpose), are intended to afford prac-
tical instruction to the labourer in garden husbandry,
in order to the due improvement of allotments of land
for the cultivation of flowers, fruits, vegetables, and bees,
on the system of the " London Labourers'-Friend So-
ciety," and for the profitable employment of the labour-
er's spare time without interfering with his ordinary
occupation. This garden, besides affording perfect spe-
cimens of cottage gardening on a minute scale, under
Vol. II.— 161
the superintendence of an experienced gardener, who
gives gratuitous instruction, contains a patch of land
devoted solely to the support of a cow, in order t» ex-
hibit to tlie small holder a practical proof of what may
be accomplished by good management on a very small
allotment. Mr. Harvey liberally undertook to advance
the funds requisite to render the institution fully avail-
able. Some handsome cottage residences have been
erected on the Kyle estate, of which one is called Broom-
ley, and another Kyle Cottage : Sion Hill, a residence,
is also in the parish. On the Saunderscourt demesne
is a quarry of conglomerate or pudding-stone, which is
used for building, but not to any great extent. A
brewery has been built at the village of Kyle ; a re-
ceiving-house for letters in connexion with Enniscorthy
and Wexford has been established; and there is also
a constabulary police station.
This parish was formerly included in the union of
Ardcolm, from which it was separated in 18'i9, and,
with the parish of Tickillen, formed into a distinct
benefice. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Ferns, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory
is impropriate in the Earl of Arran. The tithe rent-
charge of the parish is £1 10. 4., of which £46. 0. 6. arc
payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
vicar ; the entire tithe of the union payable to the in-
cumbent amounts to £109. 3. The old church, which
was for some years the domestic chapel of Saunders-
court, has a handsome Norman doorway, removed from
the ruins of the church of Ballynaslaney ; under the
altar are interred the remains of the first earl of Arran.
Another church has been erected on a new site, at an
expense of £867, of which £717 were from the funds of
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and £150 from private
sources : it affords accommodation to ^200 persons. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district called Crossabeg, comprising also the parishes
of Artramont, Tickillen, and a portion of Kilmallog : the
chapel near Crossabeg is a plain building, adjoining
which is a house for the priest ; there is also a chapel
at Ballymourne. Two neat school-houses in the Swiss
cottage style were built a few years since by Mr. Harvey,
by whom the school for boys is wholly supported ; the
other, for girls, has recently been aided by a grant of
£1'2 per annum from the National Board. An associa-
tion of Ladies for the employment of the female poor in
spinning and weaving, established in 18'23, is supported
by subscriptions of the resident gentry of this and the
neighbouring parishes ; and a branch of the Scryne and
Ardcolm dispensary has been opened at Kyle. The
Kyle Charitable Loan Fund, established in 183.5, ha^-
been attended with the most beneficial results. Some
fossil remains, consisting of a pair of antlers of the elk
or moose-deer, of large dimensions, were lately found at
Kyle.
KILPEACON, a parish, in the union of Limerick.
partly in the barony of Pubblebrien, but chiefly in
that of Small County, county of Limerick, and pro-
vince of Minster, 4^ miles (S.) from Limerick, on the
road to Fedamore ; containing 4'24 inhabitants. This
parish comprises 1214 statute acres : the land is gene-
rally of good quality and very productive, though the
system of agriculture is far from being in an improved
state; the substratum is limestone. The fences, except
around the demesnes, consist chiefly of loose stones ;
Y
K I L— P I
but in various parts the scenery is pleasingly varied,
and in some few highly interesting. The manor was
granted, in the reign of James I., to 'William King, Esq.,
who erected a very strong castle, which has been taken
down : the park was extensive and well planted ; part
of it remains, and the oaks are some of the finest and
most stately in the country. The late proprietor, on
taking down the castle, erected a very handsome man-
sion on a more elevated site. Ballyclough and Leamon-
field are also residences in the parish.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Limerick,
united by act of council, in 1803, to the vicarage of
Knockncgaul, together constituting the corps of the
prebend of Kilpeacon in the cathedral of Limerick, and
in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £69. 4. S., and of the entire benefice
(including the Hackneys, a detached portion of the
parish in the barony of Costlea, and separately com-
pounded for) £'24'2. 6. The glebe-house was rebuilt in
ISir, by a gift of £'250 and a loan of £550 from the
Board of First Fruits ; the glebe, which is situated in
Knocknegaul, comprises 1 1 acres. The church, now a
neat edifice with a square embattled tower, was in 1762
destroyed by the Whiteboys, and rebuilt the following
year; in 1819 it was enlarged and repaired, for which
purpose the Board granted a loan of £400 : it contains
a handsome monument to Sir William King. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the
district of Fedamore, and partly in that of Loughmore.
The parochial school is built on an acre of land given by
the late E. Villiers, Esq., and is supported by subscrip-
tion, aided by an annual donation from the rector.
There is a dispensary in the parish. In the neighbour-
hood is a place called Baunachuiiitlia, or the " Camp
Field," in which are some raths and circular fortifi-
cations ; and on the summit of Greenhill is a rath or
doon, about 3'20 feet in circumference and 18 feet high.
In the adjoining fields are several smaller forts, sur-
rounded by a single vallum, and quite level within ;
near these forts a crown of gold, in the form of a shell,
and weighing 5^ ounces, was dug up by a peasant in
1821, and sold to a goldsmith in Dublin for £18. 18.
KILPEDDER, a village, in the parish of Kilcoole,
union of Rathdrum, barony of Newcastle, county of
WiCKLOw, and province of Leinster, on the road from
Dublin to Wexford ; containing 11 dwellings and about
72 inhabitants. Petty-sessions are held here once in
three weeks.
KILPIPE, a parish, in the union of Shillelagh,
partly in the barony of Gorey, county of Wexford,
but chiefly in that of South Ballinacor, county of
WiCKLOw, and province of Leinster, 9 miles (S. W.
by S.) from Rathdrum, on the road to Clonegal ; con-
taining 3400 inhabitants. It comprises 15,631 statute
acres. The surface is varied, and part of the Croghan
mountain is within its limits ; the system of agriculture
is greatly improved ; there is an extensive bog near the
river Derry, and some small turbaries near the moun-
tain. The parish contains the residence of Wingfield,
in the grounds of which is an ancient rath ; and there
are also several handsome and substantial farmhouses.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ferns, epis-
copally united in 1782 to the vicarage of Killinor or
Kilninor, and in the nominal patronage of Sir R. Steele,
as representative of Mrs. Hatten, the last abbess of a
162
K I L— Q U
nunnery in Carlow, and who possessed the right of ap-
pointing the minister ; his title to the patronage is clear,
but as it has not been exercised, it has lapsed to the
bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £283. 17-,
of which £173. 1. 6. are payable to the impropriator,
and the remainder to the vicar ; the tithe of the entire
benefice of the vicar is £152. 6. The glebe-house, situ-
ated in the parish of Killinor, is a neat residence, to-
wards the erection of which the late Board of First
Fruits gave £350 and a loan of £180, in 1819; the
glebe comprises 17 acres. The church was built in
1765, chiefly by parochial assessment ; it was repaired
and enlarged by a loan of £100, in 1817, from the
Board, and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently
granted £183 for its further repair. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Killavany. A school at Carraghlean is supported by
the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, under the
patronage of Earl Fitzwilliam, who lately endowed it
with two acres of land, and built the school-house, a
good stone building, at a cost of £150. There are some
remains of the old church, the burial-ground of which
is still used ; and at Kilcashel are also the ruins of a
church.
KILPOOLE, a parish, in the barony of Arrlow,
county of WiCKLOw, and province of Leinster; con-
taining, with the greater portion of the town of Wick-
low, 2977 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated
on the eastern coast, was anciently the extremity of the
English pale, and formed part of the possessions of the
priory of Kilmainham : it comprises 3028 statute acres.
Off the coast is the sand-bank called the Horse-Shoe,
which extends south-west for about a mile, with 5 feet
of water on it at the north end, which is the shallowest
part. Kilpoole is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin
and Glendalough, forming part of the union of Wicklow ;
the rectory is impropriate in Earl Fitzwilliam, and the
tithe rent-charge is £90, half payable to the impropri-
ator and half to the vicar.
KILQUADE.— See Kilcoole.
KILQUANE, or St. Patrick's North, a chapelry,
in the union of Limerick, partly in the barony of Clan-
wiLLiAM, county of Limerick, and partly in the city of
Limerick, but chiefly in the barony of Lower Bun-
RATTY, county of Clare, and province of Munster, 2
miles (N.) from Limerick, and on the north side of the
river Shannon ; containing 4132 inhabitants. It com-
prises 5409 statute acres, chiefly in tillage. The state
of agriculture has of late years improved, from the prox-
imity of the district to the city of Limerick, of which it
includes a small portion of the north liberties ; midway
between Corbally mills and St. Thomas's Island is the
boundary mark called the " Liberty stone." There is a
considerable portion of bog ; and limestone, containing
fossil shells, is used for building and burnt for manure.
On the river Blackwater, which runs into the Shannon,
are two large flour-mills. Manorial courts for the re-
covery of small debts are occasionally held at Ath-
lunkard and Parteen ; and at Ardnacrusha is a station
of the constabulary police. The seats are. Spring Hill ;
Quinsborough, formerly the residence of Lord George
Quin ; Whitehall ; Fairy Hill ; Thomas Island ; and
Cottage. Kilquane is a perpetual cure, and forms, with
Singland, or St. Patrick's South, the rectory of St.
Patrick, and part of the union of St. Patrick, and of the
K I L— Q U
K I L-H A
corps of the trcasurcrship of Limerick cathedral. The
tithe rent-charge, amounting to £138. 9- 3., is wholly
payable to the rector ; the curate has a stipend of £75,
and £1'2 per annum from Primate Boulter's Augmenta-
tion fund. The church is a neat building with a tower
and spire, towards which the late Board of First Fruits
granted £700, in 1819. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the chapelry forms part of the district of Parteen, or
Kilquane, which also includes part of the parish of
Killely or Meelick and contains the chapels of Ardna-
crusha and Parteen ; the former is a handsome edifice
of hewn stone. The parochial school is chiefly sup-
ported by the rector, who allows £10 per annum and
discharges the rent of the school-house ; and at Parteen
is a large national school, chiefly supported by a grant
from the Board ; the school-house, erected by Mr. Ho-
nan in 1833, consists of a centre and two projecting
wings, and contains apartments for the master and
mistress. The ruins of the old church still remain, in
the burial-ground.
KILQUANE, or Kilcoan, a parish, in the barony
of Barrymore, union and county of Cork, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 7 miles (N. E.) from Cork, on the
road to Tallow ; containing 1 SO'i inhabitants. It com-
prises 6047 statute acres. The land is generally fertile,
though part of it is irreclaimable mountain, and the
state of agriculture is improving : the mountain of
Knockcumcreagh rises to a considerable elevation, and
affords pasturage f(»r cattle. There is a paper-mill at
Knockra. The parish is a rectory in the diocese of
Cork, forming part of the corps of the prebend of Kil-
laspigmuUane in St. Finbarr's cathedral : the tithe rent-
charge is £193. 15. The church was rebuilt by a gift
of £650 from the Board of First Fruits, in 18'iO. In
. the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the
district of Cahirlog, or Glauntane, and has a large chapel
at Knockra. A school is endowed with a bequest of
£10 per annum from the Rev. M. O'Keane.
KILQUANE, a parish, in the union of Ballinasloe,
barony of Longford, county of Galway, and province
of CoNNAUGHT, 3^ milcs (W.) from Eyrecourt, on the
road to Killimore; containing I960 inhabitants. This
parish comprises 685Sf statute acres. It is a rectory,
prebend, and vicarage, in the diocese of Clonfert ; the
rectory is appropriate partly to the see, partly to the
prebend of Kilquane in the cathedral of Clonfert, and
partly to the vicarage, which forms part of the union of
Dononaughta. The tithe rent- charge is £84. 9-, of
which £41. 11. are payable to the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners, £5. 1". 9. to the dean, £.5. 17- 9. to the pre-
bendary, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions Kilquane is the head of a district,
called Queenborough, comprising this parish and that
of Fahey, in each of which is a chapel.
KILQUANE, a parish, in the union of Tralee,
barony of Corkaguiney, county of Kerry', and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 4^ miles (X. \v.) from Dingle, and
on the eastern side of Smerwick harbour, on the western
coast; containing I76O inhabitants. This parish com-
prises 9709 statute acres, of which about one-half con-
sists of coarse mountain pasture, bog, and rocky cliffs.
It includes the headland of Ballydavid, where there is
a detachment of the coast-guard from the station at
Ferriter's cove. Salmon is taken at the mouth of the
Moorstown river, which runs into the harbour and
163
partly bounds the parish on the south ; and some of the
inhabitants are occasionally employed in the fiKhery off
the coast. The living, lately suppressed by the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners, was a rectory, in the diocese of
Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the patronage of the
Bishop: the tithe rent-charge is £77- 1.6. There is
no glebe-house, but a glebe of 6a. Ir. 'iOp. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the
district of Keel or Ferreter. Some remains of the
church still exist, in the burial-ground.
KILQUANE, or Bali.yshonboy, a parish, in the
union of Kilmallock, partly in the barony of Fermoy,
county of Cork, but chiefly in the barony of Costlea,
county of Limeeuck, and province of Minster, 2
miles (S.) from Kilmallock, on the road to Kilfinnan ;
containing 887 inhabitants. This parish comprises
2776 statute acres : the land in the lower part is tolerably
good, and some of it under tillage; but nearly one-half
of the parish is mountainous and uncultivated, and the
greater portion of the remainder is in demesne and
meadow. The mountains form the range of James-
town, Ballyhough, Ballyshondebuie, and Ballylopin, ex-
tending to the boundary of the county of Cork ; they
every where afford good pasturage for sheep and young
cattle, and comprise several hundred acres, much of
which might be brought into cultivation. Among these
mountains the unfortunate Earl of Desmond suffered
many privations after his attainder in 1579; but the
extensive woods and fore.*ts in which he took refuge,
with the exception of those of Mount Coote and Rivers-
field, have wholly disappeared. The parish is a rectory,
appropriate to the see of Limerick : the tithe rent-
charge is £49. I'i., and the glebe comprises 1'2 acres.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilquane forms part of
the district of Kilmallock. Near Ballyshondehaigh is
an ancient mansion, for many years the residence of the
Hall family ; not far from it are the remains of exten-
sive fortifications. At the base of the mountain near
Mount Russell, are the remains of the church, which
tradition supposes to have belonged to an establishment
of Knights Templars. Great numbers of human bones
found in this parish, and supposed to be those of the
followers of the Earl of Desmond, have been collected
and interred in the grounds of Mount Coote.
KILRAGHTIS, a parish, in the union of Ennis,
barony of Upper Bunratty, county of Clare, and
province of Munster, 3^ miles (N. E.) from Ennis, on
the road to Gort ; containing 1995 inhabitants. It
comprises 5587 statute acres, and, though only one mile
broad, is nearly six miles long. Barefield is a very
picturesque lake. The parish is in the diocese of Kil-
laloe ; the rectory forms part of the rectorial union of
Ogashin, and the vicarage part of the vicarial union of
Dronicliffe. The tithe rent-charge is £73, of which
£34. 12. arc payable to the rector, and the remainder to
the vicar. In the Roman Cathohc divisions the parish
is part of the district of Dowry or Doora : there is a
chapel at Barefield. The ruins of the church still re-
main, in the burial-ground.
KILRANE, a parish, in the barony of Forth, union
and county of Wexford, and province of Leinster,
8 miles (S. E.) from Wexford; containing 720 inhabit-
ants. It is situated on the eastern coast, and partly on
the bay of Rosslare, outside Wexford harbour ; and com-
prises 2047i statute acres, under an improving system
K I L— R A
of cultivation, in which sea- weed is used as a manure :
good building-stone is obtained at Ballyhire. The prin-
cipal seats are Ballytrent, Ballj-cronigan, and Ballyhire.
Some of the inhabitants are employed in the herring-
fishery, and during the summer in the fishery off the
Tuscar rock. Oa this rock, which lies iu St. George's
Channel, about 7 miles (E. S. E.) from Greenore Point,
is a lighthouse 101 feet high, erected in 1815 by the
Ballast Corporation : it has a revolving light of three
faces, two of which are bright and the third deep red ;
and in foggy weather bells are rung by the same ma-
chinery that causes the lights to revolve. Greenore
Point is in lat. 52° 14' 20" (N.), and Ion. 6° 12' (W.) :
near it are two small rocks. At Ballygeary is a coast-
guard station, which is included in the Wexford district.
The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ferns, form-
ing part of the union of Kilscoran, or Tacumshane, and
of the corps of the chancellorship of Ferns cathedral ;
the rectory till lately formed the corps of the prebend
of Kilrane, in the gift of the Bishop. The tithe rent-
charge is £133. 0. 9., of which £90 are paid to the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the remainder to the
vicar : there are two glebes, comprising nearly seven
acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilrane is in
the district of Tagoat, and has a neat chapel. At Bally-
trent is an ancient Danish rath with a double mound,
lately converted into a garden and shrubbery.
KILRANELAGH, a parish, in the union of Balt-
iNGLASS, barony of Upper Talbotstown, county of
WiCKLOW, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (E.)
from Baltinglass, on the road from Dublin to Hackets-
town; containing 1800 inhabitants. It comprises
447O5 statute acres, of which 1053 are mountain land,
including Cadeen, which is 2143 feet high, and Kilrane-
lagh hill, which rises to the height of 12S9 feet : the
land is chiefly in pasture. In the demesne of Kilrane-
lagh is found porcelain clay, consisting of decomposed
felspar, equal in purity to the Cornish china clay ;
granite and slate are abundant, and large masses of
hornblende and a sort of greenstone frequently occur.
There is a constabulary police station near Fort Granite.
The principal seats are, Kilrauelagh, a well-planted de-
mesne of 200 statute acres ; Ballynrowan ; Fort Granite;
and Barraderry. The parish is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Leighlin, forming part of the union of
Kiltegan : the tithe rent-charge is £145. 7. 8. In the
Roman Catholic divisions it is part of the district of
Rathvilly, and has a chapel at Talbotstown. In the
demesne of Fort Granite is a handsome school-house,
with apartments for a master and mistress, built and
supported entirely by the proprietor and his family. A
kistvaen was discovered some years since on the estate
of Kilranelagh, in which was an urn containing bones,
now in the museum of Trinity College, Dublin. At
Talbotstown are the remains of a square fort with a
fosse, which must formerly have been of consequence,
as it gave name to the barony ; and there is a large old
burial-ground.
KILRAUGHTS, or Cilraghts, a parish, iu the
union of Bali.ymoney, barony of Upper Dunluce,
county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 4 miles
(E.) from Ballymoney, and on the roads leading respec-
tively from Colerainc to Belfast and from Ballymena to
Bushmills; containing 1542 inhabitants. This parish
comprises 5132^ statute acres, of which very little is
164
K I L— R E
waste; the system of agriculture is in an unimproved
state. The land is of excellent quality, but is generally
occupied by small farmers, who devote a portion of their
time to weaving ; consequently, the due cultivation of
the soil is neglected. There is only a small portion of
bog, not more than sufficient to afford a moderate sup-
ply of fuel. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of
Connor, forming part of the union and corps of the pre-
bend of Rasharkin in the cathedral of Connor, and in
the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is
£112. 10. The church is a ruin, situated on an emi-
nence ; attached to it is a burial-ground, which is still
used. There are places of worship for Presbyterians
in connexion with the General Assembly, and for
Covenanters.
KILREA, or Kilree, a parish, in the union of
Callan, barony of Kells, county of Kilkenny, and
province of Leinster, 3 miles (\. W.) from Knock-
topher, and near the road from Kilkenny to Waterford ;
containing 720 inhabitants. It comprises 1947^ statute
acres. The principal seats are Kilree House and Chapel
Izod. Kilrea is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory,
forming part of the union of Kells : the tithe rent-
charge is £97. 14. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Donemagan.
Among the ruins of the church is a very handsome and
perfect cross, formed of a single block of freestone about
eight feet high, ornamented with interlaced rings. Tra-
dition states it to have been erected to commemorate
the death of Neill Callan, King of Ireland, who, it is
supposed, was drowned while endeavouring to save the
life of a nobleman who had fallen into a river. Here is
also the tomb of Richard Comerford and his wife, dated
1622, and ornamented with hieroglyphics of the Cruci-
fixion, &c. About 10 feet from the north-western angle
of the church, is an ancient round tower, which at four
feet above the ground is 50| feet in circumference ; it
is about 93 feet high, and the door is five feet from
the ground.
KILREA, a market and post town, and a parish,
partly in the barony of Coleraine, but chiefly in that
of LouGHiNSHOLiN, couuty of LONDONDERRY, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 28 miles (S. E.) from Londonderry,
and 110 (N.) from Dublin, on the roads leading respec-
tively from Coleraine to Portglenone and Castlc-Dawson,
and from Garvagh to Ballymoney ; containing 4227 in-
habitants, of whom 1191 are iu the town. This parish
is situated on the western shore of the river Bann, over
which is a substantial stone bridge of seven arches,
forming a communication between Kilrea and the county
of Antrim, with which there is a great intercourse. The
town, which has a post-office in connexion with Cole-
raine, is near the river, in that part of the parish within
the barony of Loughinsholin ; and consists of a square,
or diamond, and four principal streets, comprising 214
houses, of which about 12 are slated, and the remainder
thatched. The inhabitants are now supplied with water
from a pump lately placed in the middle of the Diamond
by the Mercers' Company, the public fountain in the
south-eastern angle of the square being no longer used.
A spacious and commodious hotel, and a handsome re-
sidence for their agent, have also been erected by the
company, who are proprietors of the town and sur-
rounding district. Their estate, of which this town may
be considered the head, comprehends 41 towulands j
K I L-R E
9 in this parish, 9 in Desertoghill, 1 1 in Maghcra, 5 in
Tamlaght-OCrilly, 4 in Aghadowy, and 3 in Killylagh ;
together comprising an area of '21,060 statute acres, of
which nearly one- fourth part is bog and rocky ground.
The spinning of yarn and weaving of linen are carried
on generally throughout the parish ; and the river is
navigable for lighters from Belfast and Newry, through
Luugh Neagh, to Portna, about a quarter of a mile distant
from the town. The market is on Wednesday ; a flax and
linen market is held every alternate market-day, and fairs
for cattle and horses on the second Wednesday in every
month. A large and handsome market-house has been
built on the north side of the square, at the expense of
the Mercers' Company, who have also built a barrack in
Bridge-street for the constabulary police. Manorial
courts are held occasionally, and petty sessions in the
market-house on the first Monday in every month.
The parish e.\tends along the banks of the river Bann
more than si.v miles, and comprises 6314^ statute acres,
of which 138^ are in the Bann. The soil, though vary-
ing in different parts, is generally light, resting upon a
substratum of basalt, which in many places rises above
the surface, and of which detached blocks of various
sizes are scattered in the wildest confusion. A good
black, or rather dark grey, stone is quarried for build-
ing purposes ; the quarry is distant from the town
about a mile and a quarter, on the Coleraine road.
There is no limestone in the parish ; nor is there any
timber or plantation ; but many of the leases having ex-
pired, the Mercers' Company have already commenced
some extensive and valuable improvements. The land
is principally under tillage, producing tolerably good
crops ; the system of agriculture, though better than
formerly, is still capable of improvement : there is an
extensive tract of bog, affording an abundant supply of
fuel. The line of road between this place and the county
of Antrim w-as lately changed, which greatly increased
the facility of travelling.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and in
the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is
£180. The glebe-house, situated near the church, on a
glebe of three acres, was built in 1*74, by the then in-
cumbent, at a cost of £600 ; there is a glebe in the
parish of Tamlaght-OCrilly, comprising 351 acres. The
church has been recently rebuilt, chiefly by the Mercers'
Company ; the cost was £6000, of which £500 were
given by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners : it is a very
handsome edifice, with a spire 120 feet high, and is
lighted by Palmer's patent lamps ; between 600 and 700
persons are accommodated within it. In the Roman
Catholic diiisions the parish forms part of the district
of Desertoghill, called a'so Kilrea. There is a place of
worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General
Assembly. A parochial school is supported by the rec-
tor; a second school by the trustees of Erasmus Smith's
charity, for which the Mercers' Company erected a stone
building, in 1813, at an expense of £700; and two
others by the same company. The company support
altogether 2'2 schools on their estate, in which about
1000 children are gratuitously instructed and supplied
with books. There are some picturesque remains of the
ancient castle of Movanagher, 1^ mile to the north of
the present town : during the parliamentarj- war it was
garrisoned for the king, but shortly fell into the hands
of the parliamentarians, by whom, after being repeatedly
163
K I L— R O
taken and retaken, it was finally dismantled in iG-iy.
The ford at Portoneil, and the ferry across the Bann,
were in the same war scenes of much slaughter ; and in
1668 they were severely contested, and alternately in the
pos-session of both persons.
KILKENNY, a parish, in the union of Edrnderry,
barony of Cabhery, county of Kildare, and province
of Leinster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Kinnegad, and on the
road from Edenderry to Clonard ; containing 638 in-
habitants, and comprising 261" statute acres. The land
is good, and almost equally divided between an improv-
ing system of tillage and pasture : there is but little bog,
and no waste. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Kildare, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
rectory is impropriate in the Loftus family, of Killyon,
and the tithe rent-charge is £33. 1.5., two-thirds payable
to the impropriator and one-third to the vicar. There
is neither church, glebe-hou.«e, nor glebe. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Ballyna, or Johnstown.
KILRICKILL, a parish, in the union of Loughrea,
barony of Leitrim, county of Galway, and province of
Connavght, 4 miles (E. by N.) from Loughrea, on the
road to Ballinasloe ; containing 1737 inhabitants. A
nunnery is said to have been founded by St. Patrick for
his sister, St. Richella, at Kilbought, at which place the
AVhaley family subsequently founded a monastery for
the third order of Franciscans. The parish comprises
;'>947t statute acres. Here are some good stone-quarries ;
one of them, at Dartfield, ])rodutes a black stone which
takes a high polish : limestone is also procured ; and
there is a small quantity of bog, which has been much
reduced by injudicious cutting. There is a constabulary
police station in the village, and a manorial court is held
once every three weeks. Kilrickill is a vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Clonfert, forming part of the union of Loughrea ;
the rectory is appropriate to the deanery, and the pre-
bends of Droghta and Ballynoulter in the cathedral of
Clonfert. The tithe rent-charge is £76. I7. 6., of which
£'2'2. 10. are payable to the dean, £'20. 1'2. 6. to the pre-
bendary of Droghta, £18. 15. to the prebendary of
Ballynoulter, and the remainder to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions Kilrickill is the head of a
district, comprising this parish and Killalaghton, in each
of which is a chapel. At Kilbought are the remains uf
an ancient chapel, said to have belonged to the Fran-
ciscan friary ; the burial-ground has been inclosed, and
planted with yew-trees. The castle of Wallscourt gave
the title of Baron to the family of Blake.
KILROAN, KiLLOwEN, or Killowney, a parish, in
the union of Kinsale, partly in the barony of Kinsale,
but chiefly in the barony of Courceys. county of Cork,
and province of Mv.nster, 3^ miles (S.) from Kinsale,
and on the western side of the entrance to Kinsale har-
bour ; containing 731 inhabitants. This parish, which
is surrounded by the parish of Ringrone, except on the
eastern side, where it is bounded by the sea, comprises
1140 statute acres, and contains several picturesque
glens. The soil is good, but indifferently cultivated :
the substratum is of schistose formation, changing into
transition rocks traversed by numerous veins of quartz.
Kilroan is a rectory, in the diocese of Cork, entirely
appropriate to the vicars-chora) of Cork cathedral : the
tithe rent-charge is £84. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the district of Coarceys.
K I L-R O
On the cliff at Courtafuteea are *he picturesque ruins of
the church, built of unhewn stone and with loop-hole
windows.
KILROE.— See Kilmanloe.
KILROGUE, a village, in the parish of Laccagh,
barony of Clare, union and county of Galway, and
province of Coxnaught, 6 miles (N. E. by N.) from
Galway, on the road to Tuam ; containing about 48
inhabitants. This small village, consisting only of a
very few scattered dwellings, has, since the census of
1S'21, decreased to nearly one-fourth part of its popu-
lation at that time.
KILROXAN, Galway. — See Killararan.
KILRONAN, a parish, in the union and barony of
Bo\LE, county of Roscommon, and province of Con-
naught, 9 miles (X.) from Carrick-on-Shannon ; con-
taining, with the towns of Keadue and Ballyfarnon
(which are separately described), 7085 inhabitants.
This parish contains the iron and coal works of Arigna,
which are described in the article on the county ; and
comprises 16,3564: statute acres, of which 200 are wood-
land, 6000 arable, 4000 pasture, 2000 bog, and the
remainder mountain and waste land. It is bounded on
the east by Lough Allen : this beautiful sheet of water
is 65 miles in length by S^ in average breadth, but is
considerably narrower towards its southern extremity.
On each side are steep and barren mountains, which
render it liable to storms and gusts of wind ; and within
its hmits are O'Reilly's Island, which has been lately
planted, and the small island of Inse, which is described
in the article on Innismagrath. Beneath the mountains
on the south is Lough Meelagh, near which is some
charming scenery ; and here is also Lough Skean. The
village of Lough-End consists of straggling houses, the
inhabitants of which are principally engaged in the
collieries, or the sandstone and limestone quarries. The
principal seats are. Castle Tenison ; Alderford, (an-
ciently called Camagh,) of the Mac Derraott Roe family;
Greyficld ; Mount Allen ; and Knockranny.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardagh,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is im-
propriate in W. MuUoy, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge
is £195, which is equally divided between the impro-
priator and the vicar. The glebe-house was erected by
aid of a gift of £400, and a loan of £328, from the late
Board of First Fruits in 1815 ; the glebe comprises 30
acres, subject to a rent of £10. The church is a neat
building with a spire, towards the erection of which the
same Board gave £500, in I788. The Roman Catholic
parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church, and has a chapel at Keadue, and one at Arigna,
which latter was erected by the Mining Company. At
Keadue is also a dispensary. The ancient church is in
ruins ; the burial-ground is still much used, and con-
tains the remains of Carolan, the last and one of the
most celebrated of the Irish bards, who died at Camagh,
the seat of the M'Dermot Roes, in 1738, and was buried
in their vault. There is a circular-headed portal in the
walls of the old church, ornamented with carved cylin-
ders. Near the old church is a celebrated well, in the
vicinity of which is a cromlech.
KILRONAN, a parish, in the union of Clonmel,
barony of Glenahiry, county of Waterford, and
province of Munster, 4 miles (S. W.) from Clonmel, on
the new road to Dungarvan ; containing 4*72 inhabit-
166
K I L-R O
ants. It comprises 16,702 statute acres, including a
considerable quantity of mountain land, much of which,
however, is planted or under cultivation. Limestone is
found in several places. Some of the scenery is ex-
tremely rich and varied, particularly where the river
Suir, which forms the northern and western boundaries
of the parish, separates Kilrnanahan Castle from Knock-
lofty, in the county of Tipperary, the seat of the Earl
of Donoughmore. There are constabulary police sta-
tions at Kilmanahan-Bridge and Four-Mile-Water: fairs
are held at Windygap on June 21st and Aug. 21st.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lisraore, and
in the patronage of the Duke of Devonshire, in whom
the rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent-charge is
£290. 15., of which £166. 3. are payable to the impro-
priator, and the remainder to the vicar. There is no
glebe-house or glebe. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Newcastle, or
Four-Mile-Water, at which latter place is a neat chapel.
There are some remains of the church, and of the fort
of Castlereagh ; also of Castle Conagh, a square build-
ing, occupying the summit of a limestone rock on the
bank of the river Neir, a tributary of the Suir.
KILRONAN, or Butlerstown, a parish, in the
barony of Middlethird, union and county of Water-
ford, and province of Munster, 2| miles (S. S. W.)
from Waterford ; containing 112 inhabitants, and 546
statute acres. Butlerstown Castle is stated to have
been captured by Cromwell's forces, in retiring from
the siege of Waterford, and to have been partially de-
stroyed with gunpowder ; it has been repaired, and is
now a private residence. The parish is in the diocese
of Waterford, and was a rectory, forming part of the
union of Killure, now suppressed : the tithe rent-charge
is £25. 5., and there is a glebe of 10 acres, adjacent to
the site of the old church. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Trinity
Without, or Ballybricken, and contains a chapel.
KILROOT, or Kilroi, a parish, in the union of
Larne, barony of Lower Belfast, county of Antrim,
and province of Ulster, 2^ miles (E. N. E.) from Car-
rickfergus, on the road to Larne ; containing 735 inha-
bitants. At Kilroot Point, the French general Thurot,
with three ships and 600 men, landed in 1*60, with a
view to attack Carrickfergus, which being at the time
unprovided with a regular garrison, was obliged to
capitulate. He also threatened to lay siege to Belfast,
but on the approach of the forces which were advanc-
ing to expel him, he re-embarked his troops at this
place, and set sail for France. The parish, which is
situated on the bay of Carrickfergus, comprises 2418
statute acres ; the land is in general in a good state of
cultivation, and the most improved system of husbandry
prevails. Castle Dobbs and Bella Hill are the princi-
pal seats : there are some interesting ruins of the
ancient mansion of Castle Dobbs. Basalt and lime-
stone exist in great abundance : of the former, a regu-
lar quarry of the columnar formation has been opened ;
the tops of the columns which are of four, five, and six
sides, are only a few inches below the surface. All the
pillars dip to the northward, and are nearly as perfect
as those of the Giants' Causeway, resembling in some
degree the massive columns called the Giants' Organ ;
between them are thin layers of decomposed rock ;
the ends of the joints are in some almost flat, and in
K I
-R O
K I I.- II U
others concave and convex. There is an extensive
hleach-green belonging to Michael Andrews, Esq., of
Ardoyne ; in which the elegant royal damasks from the
Ardoyne manufactory are finished, to the number of
more than 10,000 pieces annually, affording constant
employment to a number of persons. A constabulary
police force is stationed here.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Connor,
united by charter of James I. to the rectory of Bally-
nure and the vicarage of Templecorran, together forming
the union and corps of the prebend of Kilroot in the
cathedral of Connor, and in the patronage of the
Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of
Donegal. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£113. 10., of which £75. 1.5. are payable to the impro-
priator, and the remainder to the vicar ; the entire
benefice produces to the incumbent a rent-charge of
£420. There is neither glebe-huuse nor glebe. The
church has been in ruins for more than '200 years ; the
church of the union is at Ballynure. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Carrickfergus and Larne. A nitrous spring rises in
a bed of marly clay in the parish ; the water has an
aperient quality. Dean Swift held the prebend of Kil-
root, which was his first preferment.
KILROSS, or Kilrasse, a parish, in the barony of
TiRAGHRiLL, union and county of Sligo, and province
of CoNNAVGHT, '2^ Hiiles (E.) from CoUooney, on the
road to Dromahaire ; containing 1633 inhabitants. The
church of the Holy Trinity, or Athmoy, was built here
for Prsnionstratensian Canons brought from Lough Kee
by Clarus Mae Moyhn O'Moillchonry, archdeacon of
Elphin, in the 13th century : the outer walls still re-
main, with a burial-place attached. The parish com-
prises 393'2^ statute acres, and contains abundance of
limestone. Near Castle Dargan, a residence, are the
ruins of an ancient castle. Kilross is a vicarage in the
diocese of Elphin, formerly part of the union of Boyle ;
the rectory is impropriate in Viscount Lorton, and the
tithe rent-charge is £61. 18., of which nearly half is
payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Sowey.
KILROSSANTY, a parish, in the union of Dun-
GANNON, barony of DECiES-without-DRUM, county
of Waterford, and province of Minster, 5 miles
(\V. S. \V.) from Kilmacthomas, and on the old road
from Waterford to Dungarvan; containing 3615 inha-
bitants. This parish comprises 17,416 statute acres ;
the soil is generally of an inferior quality, and there
are about 1000 acres of bog. It extends from the
eastern base of the Curameragh mountains, and includes
the hamlets of Cummeragh and Glendaligan ; the prin-
cipal seats are Roxborough, Mount Kennedy, and Brook
Lodge. Fairs are held at Ballycaroge on the '2nd and
21st of October. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Lismore, and in the gift of the Bishop, who also pre-
sents to the rectory, which forms the corps of the pre-
bend of Kilrossanty in the cathedral of Lismore : the
tithe rent-charge is £450, of which £300 are payable to
the prebendary, and £150 to the vicar. The glebe-
house was erected in 1807, by aid of a gift of £100 and
a loan of £314 from the late Board of First Fruits ; the
glebe comprises 17 acres. The church was built in
1808, bv a gift of £500 from the same Board, and has
been repaired by a grant of £240 from the Ecck-kiastl-
cal Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions
Kilrossanty is the head of a district, comprising this
parish and Fews, in each of which is a chapel. There
is a public school to which Colonel Palliser subscribcB
£40 annually, besides giving the 8fhor)l-hou8e ; and
near the Roman Catholic chapel a commodious school-
house has been erected by subscription, on a site given
by Pierse G. Barron, Esq. In the bed of a stream is a
detached fragment of rock split through, called Clou'jlt
Louris, or " the speaking stone." At Bamakile are
some remains of a castle, and there was one at Bally-
caroge belonging to the Walsh family.
KILRUANE, a parish, in the union of Nenagh,
partly in the barony of Lower Ormond, but chiefly in
that of Ui'i'ER Ormo.nd, county of Tii'perary, and pro-
vince of Mcnster, '2^ miles (N. K.) from Nenagh, on the
road to Parsonstown ; containing 1444 inhabitants. It
comprises 3911 statute acres, principally under tillage;
the drill system of agriculture is general. There are
some limestone-quarries, and a bog of about 50 acres.
The principal seats are Rapla, Rathurlys, Ballinvira,
and Claremont. The living is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Killaloe, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £149. 19 8. There is
now neither glebe-house nor glebe ; 14a. '2r. 1'27>. of
land about the old church, properly belonging to the
benefice, are withheld by the present landhjrd of the
estate on which they are situated. The church, a neat
structure, was built by a gift of £800 from the Board
of First Fruits, in IS^^. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the district of Clogh-
jordan, and contains a chapel. In the demesne of
Rathurlys are the remains of a circular castle, and of
a Danish rath covering about two acres, in which are
the picturesque ruins of the old parochial church ; and
not far distant are to be seen the remains of a Druidical
altar.
KILRLTSH,asea-port,market,and post town, a parish,
and the head of a union, in the barony of Moyarta,
county of Clare, and province of Mvnster, 2\ miles
(S. W.) from Ennis, and 130^ (S. W.) from Dublin;
containing 11,385 inhabitants, of whom 5071 are in the
tovrn. This town is pleasantly situated on the northern
shore of the estuary of the Shannon, about 15 miles
from its mouth, and on the creek to which it gives
name, and to the convenience of which for export trade
it owes its present importance. It is neatly built, and
consists of a market-square intersected from east to
west by a spacious street, from which smaller streets
branch o£F; the total number of houses, in 1841, was
719. The principal streets are well paved and flagged ;
and the roads in the vicinity have been greatly im-
proved within the last few years. The manufactures of
the town and neighbourhood, chiefly for home consump-
tion, are friezes, flannels, stockings, strong sheetings,
and a serviceable kind of narrow linen called handle-
cloth ; there are works for refining rock salt for do-
mestic use, a tanyard, a soap manufactory, and a manu-
factory for nails. The chief trade is in corn, butter,
cattle, piss, and agricultural produce ; and a consider-
able number of hides are sold in the market. About 20
small hookers belonging to the port are engaged in fish-
ing and dredging for oysters off the coast, in which
about '200 persons are employed.
K I L—H u
The port is free of dues, except a small charge for
keeping the pier in repair. The pier, which is of solid
roustruction, is protected by a sea-wall of great strength,
and is very commodious both for commercial and agri-
cultural uses ; it atfords every facility for landing passen-
gers from the stcam-vessels which regularly ply between
this place and Limerick. During the bathing season at
Kilkee these vessels ply daily, and at other times on
alternate days ; public cars are always in attendance to
convey passengers to Kilkee. The pier extends from
the shore towards Hog Island in the Shannon, and was
erected partly at the expense of the Board of Customs,
and subsequently extended 16S feet by the late Board
of Fisheries and Mr. Vandeleur, at an expense of £1800.
The custom-house, a neat building near the quay, erected
in 1806, is under the control of the port-collector of
Limerick. The harbour is about 9 miles below Tar-
bert ; its peculiar advantage arises from its depth of
water, which admits of the entrance of \essels of the
largest size. Ships of war and Indiamen anchor in the
roadstead, and there is a tide-harbour with piers and
quays ; also a patent-slip for repairs. Hence this is a
good asylum harbour for vessels in distress ; its prox-
imity to the mouth of the Shannon renders it easy of
access, and eligible for vessels to put to sea at any time
of the tide ; and therefore it must be considered one
of the best positions for an American packet station.
About one mile south from the shore, and between the
island of Inniscattery and the main land, is Hog Island,
comprising about 20 acres of land, and containing one
family. A coast-guard station, forming part of the dis-
trict of IMiltown-IMalbay, is established at Kilrush, and
a revenue cutter is stationed off the shore. In the
excise arrangements, Kilrush is within the district of
Limerick.
A branch of the National Bank has been opened in
the town. The market is on Saturday, and by patent
may be held daily; the fairs are on May 10th and Oct.
l"2th, and there is also a fair at Ballyket on July 4th.
The market-house, a handsome building in the centre of
the market-square, was erected at the expense of the
late Mr. Vandeleur, to whom the town owes much of
its prosperity ; there are also some meat-shambles and
a public slaughter-house. Quarter-sessions are held
here at Easter and Michaelmas ; there are petty-sessions
every Tuesday ; and a court for the manor of Kilrush
is held on the first Monday in every month by the
seneschal of Crofton Moore Vandeleur, Esq., lord of the
manor. A chief constabulary police force is stationed
in the town. The court-house, a neat and commodious
building, was erected in 1831, on a site given by Mr.
Vandeleur; and a small bridewell was built in IS^.o,
containing eight cells, two day-rooms, and two yards,
and well adapted to the classification of prisoners.
The parish comprises 15,658f statute acres. The
system of agriculture has latterly been much improved,
and tillage very considerably extended ; within the last
few years the quantity of wheat grown has increased
tenfold. This improvement is chiefly to be attributed
to the facility of communication with Limerick, afforded
by the Steam Navigation Company ; the agricultural pro-
duce which passed through the market, in a recent year,
including pigs, amounted in value to £.50,000. Great
quantities of turf are cut, and sent chiefly from Poo-
lanishary harbour, on the western shore of the parish
168 ^
K I L— II U
to Limerick and its neighbourhood, by boats manned
by three persons ; each boat is calculated to earn about
£200 annually in this trade. At Knockeragh is an
excellent quarry of flags, the smaller of which are used
for roofing ; and flags of superior quality are also quar-
ried at jNIoneypoint, on the shore of the Shannon, and
sent to Cork, Tralee, and other places : gritstones,
from four to eight feet in length, and from two to four
feet wide, are procured at Crag and Tullagower, with
sand of a good quality for building. There are also
quarries of building-stone and slate ; and in several
parts of the parish are indications of lead and copper,
but no mine of either has been yet opened. The prin-
cipal seats are, Kilrush House, the residence of the
Vandeleur family, a handsome and spacious mansion
immediately adjoining the town, and commanding an
extensive view of the Shannon, and the Clare and Kerry
shores; Mount Pleasant; Cappa Lodge; and Oak-
lands.
Kilrush is in the diocese of Killaloe. The rectory is
partly impropriate in John Scott, Esq., but chiefly ap-
propriate to the prebend of Inniscattery in the cathedral
of Killaloe ; the vicarage forms part of the corps of the
same prebend, to which were episcopally united, in 1777,
the vicarages of Kilfieragh, Kilballyhone, and Moyarta,
together constituting the union of Kilrush, in the gift
of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£321. IS. 6., of which £27. 14. are payable to the im-
propriator, and the remainder to the prebendary ; the
vicarial tithe of the three other parishes amounts to
£274. 4. 8. The glebe-house, built in 1807, by a gift of
£100 and a loan of £600 from the Board of First
Fruits, is a handsome residence near the church ; the
parochial glebe comprises about 3 acres, and that of the
entire union 10 acres. The church, a large edifice with
an embattled tower crowned with pinnacles, built in
1819, at an expense exceeding £1700, stands near the
site of the ancient church, the ruins of which form an
interesting and picturesque appendage : it contains a
well-executed mural tablet to the late Mr. Vandeleur,
and has been repaired by a grant of £121 from the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
also the parish of Killeymur : the parochial chapel is a
spacious building, with a well-executed altar-piece ;
there is also a chapel at Knockeragh, erected in 1833.
In the town is a place of worship for Wesleyan Metho-
dists, recently erected on ground presented by Mr.
Vandeleur. A school is supported by the trustees of
Erasmus Smith's charity, who allow the master £30 per
annum ; a parochial school is chiefly supported by the
incumbent, and there is a large school under the super-
intendence of the Roman Catholic clergyman. The
union workhouse, on a site of six acres purchased for
£750, was completed in 1841, at a cost of £6800, and
is constructed to contain 800 paupers. About two miles
from the town, on the road to Miltown, and also near
the Ennis road, are chalybeate springs, both considered
efficacious in the cure of bilious diseases. At Mullagha
are the ruins of an ancient chapel, supposed to have
been built by St. Senan, who is said to have been a
native of that place ; attached to it is a burial-ground
still in use, and near it a holy well. There are several
raths or ancient forts included within the limits of the
parish.
K I L— R U
K I L— S A
KILRUSH, a parish, in the barony of West
Ophaly, county of Kildahe, and province of Leinster,
6 miles (S. W.) from Kilcullcn, on the road to Athy ;
containing 577 inhabitants. An abbey for Augustinian
canons was founded here at the commencement of the
thirteenth century by WiHiam le Mareschal, Earl of
Pembroke, and subsisted till the Reformation. In
164'2, the Earl of Ormonde, returning from the relief of
the royal fortresses in Kildare, was opposed on the high
grounds of Kilrush and BuUhill, by Lord Mountgarrett
and other Roman Catholic leaders, whom he entirely
defeated on a neighbouring eminence since called Battle-
mount. This victory was considered so important that
the English honse of commons voted him £500 for the
purchase of a jewel, and petitioned the king to create
him a Knight of the Garter. The parish comprises
4076| statute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese of
Kildare, forming part of the union of Ballysonan ; the
tithe rent-charge is £166. 3. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Kilrush is part of the district of Sancroft.
KILRUSH, a parish, in the barony of Cranagh,
union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Lein-
ster, 1 mile (W.) from Freshford, on the road to Johns-
town ; containing about 754 inhabitants. It is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of
the union of Aghoure. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions Kilrush is part of the district of Urlingford. In
civil arrangements it is reckoned part of the parish of
Clomantagh.
KILRUSH, a parish, in the barony of Decies-
without-DauM, union of Dungarvan, county of
Waterford, and province of Munster, 2 miles (X. W.)
from Dungarvan ; containing 7'23 inhabitants. It com-
prises 17'23 statute acres, and is nearly surrounded by
the parish of Dungarvan. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, united to the rec-
tories of Ballybacon and Kilmolash, together forming
the union of Kilrush and the corps of the archdeaconry
of Lismore, in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £114. 4. 8., and of the
whole union £634. There is a glebe-house, with a glebe
of 20 acres, besides 30 acres belonging to the archdea-
conry. Here are some interesting remains of the church,
covered with ivy.
KILRUSH, a parish, in the union of Enniscorthy,
barony of Scarawalsh, county of Wexford, and pro-
vince of Leinster ; adjoining the post-town of New-
townbarry, and containing 315S inhabitants. This
parish comprises 11,385| statute acres of land generally
fertile ; but with the exception of some pebble-limestone,
manure is scarce, and limestone is brought from the
county of Carlow. It is watered by the Slaney, over
which are two stone bridges, one connecting it with
Newtownbarry, and the other crossing the river at Clo-
hamon. The principal seats are, Ballynapark ; Clo-
hamon Lodge ; Ballyrankin House, a handsome mansion
lately much improved, now the property of the Rev. N.
Devereux ; and Newlands ; all pleasantly situated on
the banks of the Slaney. Part of the demesne of Wood-
field, the beautiful seat of Lord Farnham, is also in this
parish. Clohamon is a neat and thriving village of
recent origin, and the population is chiefly employed in
large flour and cotton mills, from the latter of which
are produced on an average about '200 pieces weekly.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, forming
Vol. XL— 169
the corps of the prebend of Kilrush in Ferns cathedral,
and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-
charge is £5'20. 1^2. 4. There is neither glebe nor glebe-
house. The church is a small plain edifice, and has been
repaired by a grant of £'26'2 from the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kil-
rush is the head of a district, including this parish and
that part of Carnew which is in the county of Wexford,
and containing chapels at Kilrush and Askamore ; the
former is a neat modern building, attached to which are
a residence for the priest and a school. About 70 Pro-
testant children are educated at the schools of Clohamon
and Kilrush.
KILSALLAGHAN, a parish, in the union of Bal-
ROTHERY, barony of Nethercross, county of Dublin,
and province of Leinster, 8 miles (N.) from Dublin,
on the old mail-road to Drogheda ; containing 548 in-
habitants. This parish, anciently Ktlsau^han, is bouuded
on the north by a small stream called the Fieldstown
river, which falls into the sea a little to the north of the
town of Swords. It comprises '2731 statute acres, of
which 1134 are arable, and the remainder meadow and
pasture : the system of agriculture is improving, and
tillage increasing ; and building-stone is found in the
parish. There are several good houses : the principal
are, a mansion on the grounds of which are the ruins
of Kilsallaghan Castle, forming a conspicuous feature
for many miles round ; New Barn, where is a rath or
moat ; and Dunmicky, near which is a rath surrounded
by a deep ditch. Fairs for horses, cattle, and pigs, are
held on Ascension-day and Sept. Sth. The living is in
the diocese of Dubhu ; the rectory appropriate to the
incumbent for the time being, provided he be resident,
at a reserved rent of £10. 7. to the crown; and the
vicarage united to that of Chapelraidway, and in the
patronage of the Crown. The tithe rent-charge, in-
cluding Chapelmidway, is £125. The glebe-house was
built in 1748, by a gift of £173 from the late Board of
First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 33 acres of well-culti-
vated laud. The church, rebuilt in 1812, by a loan of
£708 from the same Board, is a neat small edifice. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the union of Rollestown.
KILSARAN, or Kilsorran, a parish, in the union
and barony of Ardee, county of Lovth, and province
of Leinster, on the coach-road from Dublin to Bel-
fast J containing, with the parish of Gernonstown and
the post-town of Castle-Bclhnghara, 2098 inhabitants.
A preceptory of Knights Templars was founded here in
the 12th century by Matilda de Lacy, and was granted,
in the reigu of Edward II., to the Knights Hospitallers.
In 1483, Keating, prior of Kilmainham, appointed Mar-
maduke Lomley preceptor, but some time after threw
him into prison, where he died of a broken heart. The
parish comprises 3393^ statute acres : the land is of
superior quality, and chiefly under a good system of
tillage ; there is neither waste nor bog. The surround-
ing scenery is pleasingly diversified, and embellished
with several handsome seats, among which are Miles-
town, Greenmount, Maine, and Kilsaran. The living is
a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, united by statute
of the g'th of Anne, cap. 12, to the rectory of Gernons-
town, and in the patronage of J. MClintock, Esq. : the
tithe rent- charge of this parish is £240. 18. 7- ; and the
value of the whole union, including glebe, £3S5. 16. 10.
K I L-S C
The glebe-house was built about 80 years since by Mrs.
Spencer ; the glebe comprises 19^ acres of profitable
land. The church of the union is at Castle-Bellingham.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this is the head of a
district, comprising the parishes of Kilsaran, Gernons-
town, and Stabannon, and containing chapels at Kilsa-
ran and Stabannon, the former of which is a large build-
ing adjoining the ruins of the ancient church.
KILSCANLAN, a parish, in the union of New Ross,
barony of Bantry, county of Wexford, and province
of Leinster, 5 miles (S. E.) from New Ross, near the
road to Wexford ; containing 404 inhabitants. This
parish comprises 1154 statute acres, chiefly under
tillage. It is an impropriate cure, in the diocese of
Ferns, forming part of the union of St. Mary's, New
Ross. The tithes, previously to the passing of the
Rent-charge act, amounted to £43. 16. 11.; they were
lately disappropriated from the see of Ferns, and the
rent-charge is now paid to the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners, who allow the impropriate curate 40s. late
currency per annum for the discharge of the clerical
duties. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Old Ross.
KILSCANNEL, a parish, in the union of Rath-
KEALE, barony of Lower Connello, county of Lime-
rick, and province of Munster, 1^ mile (W. S. W.)
from Rathkeale ; containing 1049 inhabitants. It com-
prises 3'203 statute acres; the soil is of superior
quality, being based on a substratum of limestone.
About one-half of the land is under an excellent system
of tillage, producing abundant crops ; and the remainder
is rich meadow and grazing-land, affording plentiful
pasture to numbers of milch-cows : there are several
large dairy-farms, and great quantities of butter are
sent hence to Cork and Limerick for exportation. In
this parish is a colony of Palatines, or German settlers,
all of whom are Protestants, and many of them poor
industrious weavers. The principal gentlemen's seats
are. Elm Hill, a handsome residence, and Kilscannel
House : there are also several substantial and well-built
houses occupied by highly respectable farmers. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Lime-
rick, forming part of the corps of the chancellorship of
the cathedral of Limerick : the tithe rent-charge is
£157. 10., and the glebe comprises 12 acres of profitable
land in two detached portions. The church, for the
repair of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately
granted £115, is a very neat edifice with a square em-
battled tower, erected in 18'2'2, by a gift of £600 from
the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the unions of Ardagh and
Rathkeale. There is a small place of worship for Wes-
leyan Methodists. About 60 children are taught in the
parochial school, for which a neat school-house, with a
residence for the master and mistress, was built by
subscription in 1825. Near the present church were
some remains, lately removed, of the ancient structure.
There were also remains of a very ancient church at
Kilmurry, removed to make room for a house, about
seven years since.
KILSCORAN, a parish, in the barony of Forth,
union and county of Wexford, and province of Lein-
ster, 1 mile (X.) from Broadway ; containing 666 in-
habitants. This parish, which is situated on the shore
of Greenore buy on the eastern coast, comprises 2151|
iro
K 1 L— S E
statute acres principally under a gradually improving
system of tillage ; sea-weed, which is in abundance on
the shore, is the principal manure. Building-stone of
tolerable quality is found at Kishough Cross. In the
bay, during moderate weather, or with westerly winds,
a vessel may ride in safety on the south side in two or
three fathoms of water. Hill Castle, a seat in the parish,
occupies a commanding situation, and forms a con-
spicuous and interesting feature in the surrounding
landscape. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of
Ferns, united from time immemorial to the rectories of
Tacumshane, Ballymore, Killilane, and Rosslare, the
vicarage of Kilrane, and the impropriate curacy of St.
Margaret's, together forming the union of Kilscorau,
also called Tacumshane, and the corps of the chancellor-
ship of Ferns, in the patronage of the Bishop. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £170. 3. 6., and of the
entire benefice £'40. 13. The glebe-house is in Tacum-
shane parish. The church, a neat structure, was built
in 1817, by a loan of £600 from the late Board of
First Fruits, and was recently repaired by a grant of
£157 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Tagoat. About 60 children are taught in the
parochial school, which is supported by the rector ; the
school-house, a neat rustic building, was erected at the
expense of the Rev. Dr. Elrington, the late incumbent
of the union.
KILSEILY, a parish, in the union of Limerick,
barony of Tulla Lower, county of Clare, and pro-
vince of Munster, 9 miles (W. by S.) from Killaloe, on
the road to Ennis ; containing 4469 inhabitants. It
comprises 11,102:^ statute acres; about 7600 are arable
land under an improving system of tillage, and the re-
mainder mountain pasture and bog. Good building-
stone of a gritty quality is found in the parish ; and
at Ardskegh, Hurlston, and Lyssane are quarries of
slate, the produce of which is extensively used in Lime-
rick and Ennis. The principal seats are Woodfield,
Hurlston, and Violet Hill. Lake Doon near Broad-
ford, abounds with pike and bream ; and the neighbour-
hood affords a variety of game. A canal from Broad-
ford to Bunratty, on the Shannon, might be constructed
at a moderate expense, the line being nearly level, and
mostly through a chain of lakes. Two fairs are held at
Broadford, u/iic/i iee ; and a manorial court for the re-
covery of small debts is also held there. The living is
a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe ; the
rectory forming part of the union of Omullod ; and the
vicarage united to the vicarages of Killurane and Kil-
noe, constituting the union of Kilseily, in the patronage
of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £180, one-half
payable to the rector and the other to the vicar ; and the
entire tithe of the vicarial benefice is £235. 8. : there is
neither glebe nor glebe-house. The church, at Broad -
ford, was built in 1810 by a loan of £800 from the Board
of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Broadford, com-
prising also the parish of Killokennedy ; there are three
chapels, situated respectively at Broadford, Glanomera,
and Kilbane. The parochial school, at Broadford, is
supported by the incumbent. There are some slight
vestiges of Doon Castle, on the border of the lake ; and
near Broadford is a mineral spring, formerly in great
repute.
K I L— S H
KILSHALVEE, or Kili.owshalway, a parish, in the
union of Boyle, barony of Corhan, county of Sligo,
and province of Connaught, 8i miles (W. N. W.) from
Boyle, on the road to Ballina ; containing 2411 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 5505^ statute acres, principally
under tillage : the land is generally good ; there is but
little bog. Limestone is abundant. The parish is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Achonry, forming part of
the union of Killaraght ; the rectory is impropriate in
the Earl of Kingston, and the tithe rent-charge is
£253. 1*., which is equally divided between the impro-
priator and the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Buninaden, and has
a chapel at Killarvin. There are some remains of the
church.
KILSHANE, a parish, in the barony ofCLAXwiL-
LiAM, union and county of Tiiterary, and province of
MvNSTER; containing 615 inhabitants. It comprises
1424 statute acres, and contains limestone and brown-
stone, the latter of which is of good quality for building.
Here is a small flour-mill. The principal seats are
Spring House and Kilshane Cottage. The parish is a
rectory, in the diocese of Emly, entirely impropriate in
the representatives of W. Moore, Esq. : the tithe rent-
charge is £49. 10. per annum. Here are some ruins of
the church, and of a castle; also several Danish raths.
A well, called Lady's well, is much resorted to by the
peasantry ; and there arc some chalybeate springs.
KILSHANIG, or Kilshanick, a parish, in the union
of Mallow, barony of Du hallow, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, 3 miles (S. W.) from Mallow,
on the road to Millstreet ; containing 934.S inhabitants.
This parish, which is also called Glauntane, is situated
on the southern side of the river Blackwater, and is
partly bounded on the east by the Clydagh, and on the
south-west by the Bogra moors. It comprises 27,595
statute acres ; about two-fifths are under tillage, and
the remainder, with the exception of about 1290 acres
of common and 260 of woodland, is mountain pasture
and bog. The system of agriculture is gradually improv-
ing ; limestone is found on the lands of Newberry, but
not in sufficient quantity for the supply of this extensive
parish, the deficiency being made up from quarries near
Mallow. The principal seats are, Dromore House,
occupying a commanding situation in an extensive and
richly wooded demesne, and forming a conspicuous fea-
ture in the landscape ; Danesfort ; Millfort ; Woodfort,
in the grounds of which is a thickly planted conical hill
with a turret on its summit, commanding a fine view of
the rivers Blackwater and Clydagh, the town of Mallow,
and the numerous seats in the vicinity; Clydagh; Clydagh-
ville ; Lombardstown ; Allworth ; Upper Dromore j Bet-
tesborough ; and Newberry House. At Millfort, Lom-
bardstown, and Gortroe, are some small flour-mills. A
court for the manor of Newberry is occasionally held at
Scarra, for the recovery of debts not exceeding 40s. late
currency ; and there is a constabulary police station.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £553. IT., and the glebj comprises about
4^ acres ; there is no glebe-house. The church, built in
1719, is a plain neat edifice with a square tower, origin-
ally surmounted by a spire, which was taken down in
1815. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with
that of the Established Church : the chapel of Glaun-
171
K I L— S H
tane was rebuilt in 1821, and is situated in a picturesque
glen ; there is also a chapel at Kilpadder. There arc
places of worship for Wcsleyan Methodists and Inde-
pendents. About 300 children are taught in two scrip-
tural schools and an infant school : one is endowed with
four acres of land from the Misses Lombard, and is
almost entirely supported by the rector, the Rev. John
Lombard, and a grant from the Scriptural School So-
ciety ; another was built by the late, and is aided by the
present, Mr. Newman. The late Mrs. Newman be-
queathed £200 late currency, the interest to be divided
annually among ten poor men and ten widows, to enable
them to provide a dinner on Christmas-day. Mr. New-
man, also, bequeathed £100 for distribution annually
among the poor. The extensive remains of the castle of
Dromineen, the ancient residence of the OCallaghans,
occupy a bold and romantic situation on the southern
bank of the river Blackwater, and command an exten-
sive and pleasingly varied view of the surrounding
country, in which Mount Hilary, recently planted by
Samuel Townsend, Esq., and on which are the remains
of an ancient building called Money's Castle, forms a
conspicuous and interesting object.
KILSHANNY, a parish, in the union of Enmsty-
MON, barony of Corcomroe, county of Clare, and
province of Munster, 2;^ miles (N.) from Ennistymon,
on the road to Kilfenora ; containing 2114 inhabitants.
Here was formerly a cell to the abbey of Corcomroe,
which at the Dissolution was, with its appurtenances,
mills, and fisheries, granted to Robert Hickman. The
parish comprises 5805 statute acres, chiefly under tillage;
there is a considerable portion of bog. A court for
the manor of Corcomroe is occasionally held by the
seneschal at Kilshanny, for the recovery of small debts.
The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Kilfenora,
partly appropriate to the deanery, but chiefly impropriate
in R. M. G. Adams, Esq. : the tithe rent-charge is
£118. 10., of which £112. 10. are payable to the im-
propriator, and the remaining £6, being the tithe of the
townland of Ballymacrenan, to the dean. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this parish is held separately, and
gives name to a district; the chapel is at Kilshanny. At
Smithstown, a scat of Viscount Powerscourt, are the
ruins of an ancient castle.
KILSHARVAN, a parish, in the union of Drog-
HEDA, partly in the barony of Upper Dvleek, but
chiefly in the barony of Lower Duleek, county of
Meath, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (S.) from
Drogheda, on the road to The Naul ; containing 440
inhabitants, of whom about I6O are in the hamlet, which
contains 30 houses. It comprises 2096| statute acres,
of which 40 are woodland and 100 waste ; the land is of
moderately good quality, and almost equally divided
between pasture and tillage. Here is plenty of lime-
stone ; and on the Nanny water are extensive bleach-
works, the property of Mr. Armstrong, contiguous to
whose tastefully laid out grounds are the picturesque
ruins of the old church, the burial-ground of which is
still used. The other principal seats are Mount Hanover,
Cooper Hill, and Annagor. The parish is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Meath, forming part of the union of
Colpe ; the rectory is partly impropriate in G. Pepper,
Esq., and partly appropriate to the vicarage. The tithe
rent-charge is £86. 5., of which £52. I7. are payable
to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar :
Z2
K I L— S H
there is a glebe of 3^ acres, valued at £12 per annum.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilsharvan forms part
of the district of St. Mary's, Drogheda. A bequest of
£10 per annum was made by the late H. Smith, Esq.,
to the poor of this parish and Colpe.
KILSHEEL.\N, a parish, in the union of Clonmel,
partly in the barony of Upperthird, county of Water-
ford, but chiefly in that of Iffa and Offa East, county
of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 5 miles (W.)
from Carrick-on-Suir, and on the road from Clonmel to
Waterford ; containing 1936 inhabitants, of whom 435
are in the village. The village consists of 7-1 houses,
and is a constabulary police station : here is a bridge
over the river Suir. The principal seats are Newtown
Anner, Landscape, and Gurteen. Adjoining the magni-
ficent woods of this last demesne, which contains a
cromlech, is a large ravine composed of strata of red
sandstone, white silicious sandstone, and soft slaty rock
which decomposes into a pure yellow ochreous earth.
Kilsheelan is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore,
united to the rectory of Kilmurry, and in the gift of the
Marquess of Ormonde, in whom the rectory is impro-
priate. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £-285. 15.,
of which £187. 15- 6. are payable to the vicar, and the
remainder to the impropriator ; the tithe of the entire
benefice of the incumbent is £566. 14. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Kilgrant or Riverstown, and contains a chapel. The
late W. Power, Esq., of Ballydino, left 30 acres of land
and £5000 for the establishment of an almshouse. Here
are some remains of the ancient church, and of a castle ;
also a large moat.
KILSHINANE, or Killishane, a parish, in the
union of Listowel, barony of Clanmaxjrice, county
of Kerry, and province of Munster, 5 miles (S.) from
Listowel, on the road to Castleisland ; containing 2271
inhabitants. This parish, which comprises 13,478 statute
acres, is bounded on the south-east by the Knockfodery,
or Lackfodery, mountains; and consists chiefly of
mountain pasture and bog : coal exists, but has not
been worked. It is in the diocese of Ardfert and Agha-
doe i the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Cork,
and the vicarage forms part of the union of Kilflyn.
The tithe rent-charge, amounting to £112. 6. 6., is pay-
able in equal portions to the impropriator and the vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in-
cluded in the district of Listowel, but chiefly in that of
Lixnaw. The ruins of the church still exist, in the
burial-ground ; near which is a holy well, resorted to
by the peasantry for devotional purposes.
KILSHINE, a parish, in the union of Navan,
barony of Morgallion, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 7 miles (N. by W.) from Navan, and
on the road from Dublin to Kingscourt ; containing 609
inhabitants. This parish was the scene of a skirmish
during the disturbances of 1798. It comprises 1543^
statute acres, three-fourths of which are under a good
system of tillage ; there is some bog. Petty-sessions
are held at George's Cross every alternate Monday.
Mountainstown House, the handsome residence of the
Pollock family, is situated in a fine demesne of 300
plantation acres. The living is a rectory, in the diocese
of Meath, united by act of council in 1809 to the rectory
of Clongill, and in the patronage of the Crown and the
Bishop, the former having one turn and the latter two.
172
K I L-S K
The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £69, and the value
of the entire benefice £228 per annum. The church,
which is a very neat structure with a spire, was rebuilt
by a gift of £800 from the late Board of First Fruits, in
1815. The glebe-house is in Clongill, where there is a
glebe of 21 acres, valued at £63 per annum, besides a
glebe in this parish of ten acres, valued at £21 per an-
num. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
considered to form part of the district of Castletown-
Kilpatrick.
KILSILLAGH, a parish, in the union of Bandon,
barony of Ibane and Barryroe, county of Cork, and
province of Munster, 6 miles (S. K. by S.) from Clon-
akilty ; containing 188 inhabitants. This small parish,
which is entirely surrounded by the parish of Lislee,
comprises only 245 statute acres ; the whole belongs to
the see of Ross. The land is very fertile, and under
good cultivation ; the substratum is clay-slate, and the
chief manure sea-weed and sand, which are obtained
with facility in great abundance ; there is neither waste
land nor bog. Kilsillagh is a rectory, in the diocese of
Ross, forming part of the union of Lislee : the tithe
rent-charge is £32. 1. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Abbeymahon. There
are some slight remains of the parish church, to which
is attached a small burial-ground.
KILSKERRY, a parish, in the union of Ennis-
killen, barony of Omagh, county of Tyrone, and
province of LTlster, 7 miles (X. byE.) from Enniskillen,
on the road to Omagh ; containing, with the market-
town of Trillick, 9351 inhabitants. This place, during
the war of 1641, was attacked by the Irish forces under
Sir Phelim O'Nial, whom the inhabitants succeeded in
driving back to the mountains ; but they suffered se-
verely in a second attack, in which the assailants were
successful. Near Corkhill Lodge are the remains of a
fortress which was garrisoned by the inhabitants, who
resolutely defended the ford of the river, where a hand-
some bridge was subsequently erected. The army of
James II. encamped twice in this parish during his
contest with William III., and marched hence against
Enniskillen. An interesting work was published by
the Rev. Andrew Hamilton, rector of Kilskerry, de-
scriptive of these two wars, in the latter of which he
himself took an active and honourable part. The pa-
rish is six miles long and as many broad, and com-
prises 20,439 statute acres, of which the surface is
boldly undulated, and the soil generally fertile. The
system of agriculture is rapidly improving; more than
1000 acres of waste land have been already brought
into cultivation, principally under the encouragement of
the rector. The principal seats are, Trillick Lodge, the
property of Colonel Archdall, near which are the re-
mains of Castle Mervyn, built by a person of the name
of Mervyn, from whom Colonel Archdall derives his
title to his estate in this county ; Relagh ; Corkhill
Lodge ; and Corkhill. Two other seats, almost dilapi-
dated, were formerly the residences of the Barton and
Bryan families. There are several mountains in the
parish, and several lakes, from which small streams
descend to Lough Erne, between which and Lough Foyle
it has been in contemplation to form a communication
by a canal. There is a small establishment for milling
blankets. A manorial court, petty-sessions, and fairs
are held at Trillick, which see.
K I L— S K
K I L— T A
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Clogher, constituting the corps of the prebend of Kils-
kerry in the cathedral of Clogher, in the patronage of
the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £506. 12. The
glebe-house, a spacious and handsome residence sur-
rounded by old plantations, was built in 1774 at an
expense of £1300, of which £100 were a gift from the
Board of First Fruits. The glebe comprises 380 acres
of profitable land, valued at £ 1 per acre ; besides which
there are 636| acres of mountain glebe, annually in pro-
cess of being reclaimed, and rising in value. The church,
an elegant structure in the early English style, with a
square tower surmounted by an octagonal spire, was
built in 1790, at an e.xpeuse of £1060, defrayed by the
Rev. Dr. Hastings ; the original spire was taken down
and the present one erected in 1830, at the expense of
the parish. Divine service is also performed by the
clergymen of the Establishment in the Wesleyan meet-
ing-house at Trillick, monthly in winter, and once a
fortnight in summer. The Roman Catholic parish is
co-extensive with that of the Established Church ; the
chapel, a spacious building, is at Magheralough. There
is a place of worship for Primitive Methodists at Tril-
lick. A parochial school is supported by the rector and
the Association for Discountenancing Vice, and there is
a school-house at Magheralough, built by the Rev. A.
H. Irvine, curate, on land given by Colonel Perceval ;
there are several national and other schools, and a dis-
pensary. Here was a monastery in the 7th century, of
which no vestiges can be traced.
KILSKYRE, or Kilskeer, a parish, in the union
of Kells, barony of Upper Kells, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster; containing, with the post-
town of Crossakeel, and several villages, 5014 inhabit-
ants. An abbey was founded here at a very early
period, which was destroyed by the Danes, but some of
its ruins still exist. The parish comprises 11,7'24 statute
acres, chiefly under tillage ; there are about SOO acres
of bog and waste land, and abundance of limestone.
Near Bensfort, extensive operations for draining the
lands are in progress. The principal seats are New-
grove ; Miltown ; Silvan Park ; and Boltown, the pro-
perty of the Battersby family. The village of Kilskyre
comprises 29 neatly built houses, and 156 inhabitants.
Petty-sessions and fairs are held at Crossakeel, uhicli
see. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath,
and in the patronage of the Crown ; the tithe rent-
charge is £318. 15. The glebe-house was built in 1789,
at a cost of about £810 ; the glebe consists of 22 acres.
The church, a handsome edifice with a lofty spire,
stands on an eminence, at Crossakeel ; it was erected
by subscription in 1818, and has been repaired by a
grant of £137 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this is the head of a
district, comprising Kilskyre, Clonabreny, and Diamor,
and containing chapels at Kilskyre and Ballinlough, the
latter of which is a neat edifice. There is a school at
Crossakeel on Erasmus Smith's foundation, to which
W. Blayney Wade, Esq., contributes £6 per annum,
besides granting two acres of laud, on which the school-
house was erected at an expense of £'200, partly
defrayed by Mr. Wade and partly by the trustees.
Viscount Kdleen lately gave a site for a school-house
at Kilskyre, and another has been established at Ballin-
lough.
173
KILSUB, or Bawnhoy, a village, in the jjarish of
Templepokt, union of Enmskille.n, barony <if Tul-
LAGHAGH, County of Cavan, and province of Ui.kteh,
3 miles (\V. by .N.) from Ballyconnell, on the road to
Swanlinbar ; containing 26 houses, and 96 inhabitant.".
It has a receiving-house for letters in connexion with
Ballyconnell ; a fair is held on the first Monday, and
petty-sessions on the second Monday, in every month.
Near Bawuboy is a well-planted demesne ; and there is
a small boultiug-mill.
KILTACAMOGUE.— See Kildecamogue.
KILTALE, a parish, in the union of Dunshaughlin,
barony of Lower Deece, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 3j miles (W.) from Dunshaughlin,
and on the road from Summerhillto Skryne ; containing
419 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1018^ statute
acres. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, forming
part of the union of Knockmark ; the rectory is impro-
priate in Lord Dunsany. The tithe rent-charge is
£53. 9., payable to the impropriator, who allows a
stipend for the discharge of the clerical duties. In the
Roman Catholic divisions Kiltale is part of the district
of Kilmore.
KILTALLA, or Kiltallagh, a parish, in the union
of Tralee, barony of Trughe.nackmy, county of
Kerry, and province of Munster, 1^ mile (N. by E.)
from Milltown, on the road to Tralee ; containing, witli
the town of Castlemaine (which is separately described),
1303 inhabitants. This parish extends from the river
Maine, on the south, to the mountain of Slieve Meesh
on the north, a portion of which mountain is within its
limits : it comprises 4757 statute acres, having generally
a fine alluvial soil on a substratum of limestone ; there
is some light bog on the mountain. The limestone is
burnt for manure, and at Anna is a quarry of good
brown-stone adapted for building. The seats are Laha-
run, Kiltalla Glebe, and Anna : at Ballycrispin, the
estate of Lord Monteagle, was the residence of his
maternal ancestors. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, united since 1682 to
the rectory of Kilgarrilander and the rectory and vicar-
age of Currens, together constituting the union of Kil-
tallagh, in the gift of the Crown. The tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £124. 14. 9., and of the entire union
£365. 18. 6. The glebe-house was rebuilt in 1820, by
aid of a gift of £400, and a loan of like amount, fron»
the Board of First Fruits : there is a glebe in each parish ;
that of Kiltallagh comprises about six acres, and those
of the entire union 19j acres. The church is a small
plain edifice with a square tower, rebuilt in 181 6. the
late Board granting a loan of £600. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the district
of Castlemaine, which also comprises the parish of Kil-
garrilander, and contains the chapels of Kiltallagh and
Boulteens; the latter is in Kilgarrilander. The chil-
dren of the parish generally attend Lady Godfrey's free
school at Milltown, iu the adjoining parish of Kilcole-
nian.
KILTARTAN, a parish, in the union of Gort, barony
of Kiltartan, county of Galway, and province of
Connavght; containing, with part of the post-town of
Gort, 2962 inhabitants. It comprises 5725 statute acres ;
here is a little bog, and some rocky waste land. Lime-
stone is abundant, bears a high polish, and is obtained
in very large square slabs ; at Ballylee is a quarry of fine
K I L— T E
black marble. The principal seats are Coole, Ballyman-
tane, Raheen, Ballylee Castle, Roseville, and Ballintown.
The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Kilmacduagb,
forming part of the union and corps of the deanery of
Kilmacduagb ; the tithe rent-charge is £131. 10. 9.
The Roman Catholic parish is co-e.\tensive with that of
the Established Church, and has a stone chapel built in
1S37, for which R. Gregory, Esq., gave £60. There are
the ruins of a large castle at Castletown, in good pre-
servation. Kiltartan gives the title of Baron to Vis-
count Gort.
KILTEAL, or Kilteel, a parish, in the union of
Athy, partly in the barony of Stradbally, but chiefly
in the barony of Maryborough East, Queen's county,
and province of Leinster, 'i^ miles (N. W.) from
Stradbally, on the road to Maryborough ; containing
106" inhabitants. The parish comprises 35535 statute
acres, including the great heath of Maryborough, 274|
acres in e.xtent. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Leighlin, forming part of the union of Dysartenos ; the
rectory is impropriate in Lord Carew, and the tithe
rent-charge is £13':i. 3., of which £88. 2. are payable to
the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Maryborough.
KILTEEL, a parish, in the union of Naas, barony of
South Salt, county of Kildare, and province of
Leinster, 5^ miles (E. N. E.) from Naas, and on the
road from Dublin to Ballymore-Eustace ; containing
797 inhabitants, of whom 168 are in the village. The
village comprises 33 houses, and is a constabulary
police station; fairs are held in it on May 1st, June
24th, Sept. 29th, and Nov. 2nd. The parish comprises
3435^ statute acres. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Dublin, forming part of the union of Rathmore; the
rectory is impropriate in Col. Luke Allen, and the tithe
rent-charge is £74. 2., two-thirds payable to the impro-
priator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Blessington. Here are the ruins of a castle.
KILTEELY.— See Listeely.
KILTEEVAN, a parish, in the barony of Ballin-
tobber, union and county of Roscommon, and province
of Connaught, 2 miles (S. E.) from Roscommon, on
the road to Lanesborough ; containing 2818 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 8411 statute acres; is bounded
by Lough Ree and the river Shannon on the east ;
and contains a great quantity of bog. The principal
seats are Kilteevan House and Becchwood. It is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Elphin, forming part of the eccle-
siastical union of Roscommon ; the rectory is impro-
priate in the representative of the late Viscount Kings-
land, and the tithe rent-charge is £S6. 18. 6., of which
£48. 18. 6. are payable to the impropriator, and the
remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is part of the district of Roscommon,
and has a chapel.
KILTEEVOCK, or Kilteevoge, a parish, in the
unicm of Stranorlar, barony of Raphoe, county of
Donegal, and province of Ulster, 5 miles (N. W.) from
Stranorlar, and on the river Finn ; containing 4864 in-
habitants. This parish, which was formed by separating
some townlands from Stranorlar, comprises 4 1,13 if
statute acres; 91 acres are water. The land is of
middling quality, and principally in pasture ; there is a
174
K I L— T E
considerable quantity of reclaimable bog, and some
mountain land which is used for grazing. A lead-mine
was opened in 1775, but was soon relinquished as un-
profitable. Fairs are held at Cloghanbeg on Feb. 1st,
May 19th, Aug. 25th, and Nov. 19th, for cattle, yarn,
linen, and drugget. The principal seats are, Cloghan
Lodge, the property of Sir T. C. Style, Bart. ; and Glen-
more. A manorial court formerly held here was dis-
continued in 1831. The living is a perpetual curacy, in
the diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage of the
Rector of Stranorlar, to whom the rectory is appropriate :
the tithe rent-charge is £94. 10. The perpetual curate's
income consists of £50 late currency from the rector of
Stranorlar, £25 from Primate Boulter's fund, and the
glebe, vahied at £16 per annum. The glebe-house was
built in 1799 by a gift of £150 and a loan of £50 from
the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 30
acres. The church is a plain building. The Roman
Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church, and is called Glenfin, at which place is
the chapel, a plain building erected in 1835 by subscrip-
tion. Here is a dispensary.
KILTEGAN, a parish, in the union of Baltinglass,
partly in the barony of Rathvilly, county of Carlow,
and partly in the barony of South Ballinacor, but
chiefly in that of Upper Talbotstown, county of
WiCKLOw, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (W. N. W.)
from Hacketstown, on the road to Baltinglass ; con-
taining 3969 inhabitants. This parish comprises 15,950|-
statute acres, mostly under an improving system of
agriculture ; there is a large tract of bog and mountain
land. Limestone-gravel is burnt for manure, and gra-
nite is abundant. High Park is the residence of the
Westby family ; the original mansion was burnt by the
insurgents in 1798 ; the demesne, which comprises
about 400 statute acres, contains some very fine old
timber. Hume Wood, another seat, stands in a demesne
of 289 acres. The village contains 36 houses ; has a
receiving-house for letters in connexion with Baltinglass ;
and is a station of the constabulary police. A patent
exists for eight fairs in the year, but none are held.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Leighlin,
episcopally united, in 1804, to the rectory and vicarage
of Kilranelagh, and in the patronage of the Bishop by
agreement with the crown ; the rectory is impropriate
in Sir R. Steele, Bart. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £387, of which £255 are payable to the impro-
priator, and £132 to the vicar; the tithe of the whole
union of the incumbent is £277. 7. 8. Adjoining the
church is the glebe-house, for the erection of which the
late Board of First Fruits, in I8I6, gave £400 and lent
£370 : the glebe comprises 22 acres, for which £2 per
acre is paid. The church is a handsome edifice with an
embattled tower and spire, erected by a gift of £500 and
a loan of £320 from the same Board ; it was enlarged
in 1826 by a loan of £100 from the Board, and has been
repaired by a grant of £191 from the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Hacketstown, and has
a chapel at Kilmoat. In the village is a school sup-
ported by the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity ; the
school-house was built at an expense of £300; about
80 children of both sexes are taught. There is also a
national school for males and females ; the school-house
is in the old chapel-yard. At High Park and Kilmoat
K I L— T E
are raths ; on opening one at the former place, about
twelve years since, an urn of coarse pottery was dis-
covered, which contained ashes and bones. There are
ancient burial-places on the townlands of Kiltegan and
Drim.
KILTENNEL, a parish, in the barony of Idrone
East, union and county of Carlow, and province of
Leinster, 3 miles (N. E. byN.) from Borris, on the
road to Enniscorthy ; containing 3544 inhabitants. The
parish comprises 11,170 statute acres, and is situated in
a mountainous district bordering on Mount Leinster,
which rises ^610 feet above the level of the sea. The
gentlemen's seats are. Mount Leinster, the beautiful and
romantic residence of Henry Newton, Esq., a house in
the Elizabethan style ; and Kilcoltrim, the seat of
Edmund Hegarty, Esq. The living is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Leigblin, and in the patronage of the
Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in Lord Cloncurry.
The tithe rent-charge is £'288. 15., of which £187. 10.
are payable to the impropriator, and £101. 5. to the
vicar. The church, which is in the village of Killedmond,
is a neat building erected in 1840, at a cost of £824,
whereof £689 were from the funds of the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners, and £135 subscriptions from the landed
proprietors and the incumbent ; it affords accommo-
dation to '200 persons. There is neither glebe-house
nor glebe. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kiltennel
forms part of the union of Borris : the cliapel is situated
at Rahanna. A very handsome parochial school-house
has been built by private subscription, on a site pre-
sented by Lord Downes ; about 1'20 children are edu-
cated in the school. Attached to the chapel are national
schools. The ruins of the old church at Kiltennel are
covered with ivy ; there are also remains of a chapel
at its eastern end, which was built in 17'S9, by Captain
E. Byrne. In the parish are likewise the fragments of
a granite cross ; and a cairn.
KILTENNELj or Courtown, a parish, in the union
of GoREY, barony of Ballaghkeen, county of Wex-
ford, and province of Leinster, 1 miles (S. E.) from
Gorey, and on the sea-side road from Wexford to Dub-
lin j containing 1'279 inhabitants. This parish, which
is also called Kilbride, is situated on the Irish Channel,
and bounded on the south by the Awen-o-varra river ;
it comprises 4125f statute acres, the greater portion
under tillage and the remainder good pasture and mea-
dow land. The soil is generally fertile, and the system
of agriculture improving. On Tara Hill, of which
nearly half is in this parish, are some quarries of building-
stone which supply the neighbourhood. Courtown, the
elegant seat of the Earl of Courtown, is situated in a
retired spot on the banks of the Awen-o-varra, which
winds through the richly-wooded demesne ; the grounds
are tastefully laid out, and from the house is obtained a
glance of the sea through a vista in the surrounding
plantations. Seaficld, held by John Glascott, Esq., from
the earl, is situated about a mile and a half to the north
of Courtown.
There are several boats belonging to this parish, em-
ployed in the Courtown fishery, and great quantities of
cod are taken off the coast ; but from the uncertainty of
the voyage to Dublin, by which the cargo is frequently
spoiled before it reaches the market, the value of the
fishery is much diminished. To obviate this evil an act
was obtained, in 1824, for the construction of a harbour
175
K 1 L— T E
at or near the mouth of the Awen-o-varra river, to be
called the Courtown harbour. This work, originally
planned and begun by the late A. Nimmo, Esq., was for
a time much retarded in its progress, from the shifting
nature of the sands off the coast, and from other unfore-
seen impediments ; but these obstacles have been sur-
mounted, and the works, which have been for the last
few years under the direction of Francis Giles, Esq.,
engineer, who has greatly improved the original plan,
are now considerably advanced. A lock, 14 feet deep,
and capable of admitting vessels of upwards of 100 tons,
has been constructed of hewn granite ; through which,
by a diversion of its course, the river has been brought,
supplying a body of water which may be employed in
scouring the channel, where there is constantly a depth
of eight feet of water. The entrance is between two
parallel piers, with flood-gates leading into the basin,
which is capable of receiving about 60 vessels of 100
tons, and is also the receptacle of the small Chapel river.
The harbour is entered at Lloyd's, and when completed
it is intended to introduce well-boats, by which the fish
may be kept alive during the voyage. Several good
slated houses and other buildings have been erected
along the quay, and there is a constabulary police
station.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, and
in the patronage of the Earl of Courtown; the tithe
rent charge is £119. The glebe-house was built at the
joint expense of the Earl of Courtown and the late in-
cumbent, the Rev. F. Owen, the latter of whom obtained
a charge for his share of the expenditure on his succes-
sor ; there is a glebe of 26 acres. The church, a small
edifice in the later English style, with a square em-
battled tower, is situated on a well-wooded eminence,
and is a conspicuous and interesting feature in the land-
scape. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms
part of the union of Ballygarret. Schools for children
of both sexes, with apartments for a master and mis-
tress, who have also an acre of land rent-free, were
erected by the Earl of Courtown, and are supported
chiefly by his lordship ; the schools are under the
Church Education Society. The Hon. T. Stopford, D.D.,
successively rector of this parish, dean of Ferns, and
bishop of Cork, bequeathed £J00 ; and Lady Anne Hore,
wife of the Rev. T. Hore, of Ham Common, county of
Middlesex, bequeathed £100 ; to the poor of this parish.
At Courtown is a chalybeate spring. In a burial-ground
called " Prospect," near Seafield, are the vaults of the
Courtown and Hore families, with monuments to Mary,
Countess of James George, third earl of Courtown, w ho
died April 14th, IS'SS ; and Anne, wife of W. Hore,
Esq., who died April 4th, 1808. In the demesne of
Courtown is a small and very ancient burial-ground.
KILTERNAN, a parish, in the union and barony of
Rathdown, county of Dubli.v, and province of Lein-
ster, 61 miles (S. byE.) from Dublin, on the road to
Enuiskerry ; containing 1019 inhabitants. This parish,
which joins the county of Wicklow at the remarkable pass
called the Scalp, comprises 3l65i statute acres: the
land is rocky and mountainous, abounding with heath,
and there is a considerable quantity of waste ; but the
system of agriculture is improving. There is some good
bog. The parish abounds with remarkably fine granite,
which is quarried for building, flagging, and other uses ;
great numbers of persons are employed in cutting the
K I L— T E
stone, which is sent to Dublin. The principal seats are,
Springfield, a modern mansion, commanding a view of
the two Sugar- Loaf mountains and the adjacent country ;
Glancullen, finely situated in a handsome demesne, sur-
rounded with interesting scenery ; Kingston Lodge, a
villa with an Ionic portico, in tastefully disposed
grounds ; Kilternan House, formerly belonging to the
monks of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublm, embracing a pros-
pect of the Hill of Howth and Killiney bay ; Kilternan
Lodge ; Kingston House ; Jamestown ; and Fountain
Hill. Part of the Three Rocks mountain is in this
parish, presenting boldly diversified scenery. The
mountains at Glancullen abound with grouse. On the
road to Enniskerry, and within two miles of that beau-
tiful village, is the Scalp, a deep natural chasm in the
mountains, forming a narrow defile with lofty and
shelving ramparts on each side, from which large masses
of granite of many tons' weight have fallen ; masses of
detached rock are heaped together above the road in the
wildest confusion, apparently arrested in their descent,
and threatening every moment to crush the traveller by
their fall. On entering the ravine from Dublin, the
Great Sugar Loaf mountain appears to close up the
egress ; but on advancing, the view expands and be-
comes exceedingly beautiful, embracing the two moun-
tains of that name, Bray Head, and the fine country in
the neighbourhood. There are a cotton and a paper-
mill, each employing about 40 persons ; and a receiving-
house for letters has been established at the small village
of Golden-Ball, which is partly within the parish.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin,
united to that of Kilgobbin, and in the patronage of the
Archbishop and the Archdeacon, the former having one
and the latter two presentations ; the rectory is impro-
priate in Sir Compton Domville, Bart., C. Fitz-Sinion,
Esq., and Mrs. Anderson. The tithe rent-charge of the
vicarial benefice is £140. 18. 10. The glebe-house w-as
built in 181.5, by a gift of £4.50 and a loan of £50 from
the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 14 acres
of profitable land. The church, a handsome edifice in
the later English style, was erected in 1S26, at an ex-
pense of £ 1 900, of which £900 were a gift from the
Board of First Fruits, £500 from Richard, Viscount
Powerscourt, and £500 raised by assessment ; the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners recently granted £181 for its
repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the union of Sandyford and Glancullen, at
which latter place is a neat chapel, with a monastery
founded in 1835 on a piece of ground given by Mr. Fitz-
Simon. About 150 children are taught in two public
schools ; one, at Glancullen, is supported by the
National Board, and the other, at the Scalp, by sub-
scription. Some remains exist of the ancient parish
church, a picturesque ruin of the earliest age ; there are
several raths, and in the demesne of Kilternan House is
a cromlech. The Rev. Father O'Leary composed part
of his works while on a visit with the Fitz-Simon family,
at Glancullen, in this parish.
KILTESKILL, a parish, partly in the barony of
LoiOHREA, but chiefly in that of Leitrim, union of
LouGHREA, county of Galway, and province of Con-
naught, 1 miles (S. ?:.") from Loughrea, on the road to
Woodford ; containing SOI inhabitants. This parish is
hounded on the south by the Slievebaughta mountains,
and comprises 4695J statute acres. It is a vicarage, in
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K I L— T H
the diocese of Clonfert, forming part of the union of
Loughrea ; the rectory is partly appropriate to the
bishopric, and partly to the corps of the prebend of
Kilteskill in the cathedral of Clonfert. The tithe rent-
charge is £66. 1., of which £15. ". are payable to the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners, £7. 14. to the prebendary,
and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Killee-
nadeema, and contains a chapel.
KILTESKIN, or Titeskin, a parish, in the union
of MiDLETON, barony of Imokilly, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, '21 miles (S. by W.) from
Cloyne, and near Cork harbour ; containing 703 in-
habitants. This parish, which comprises 1145 statute
acres, formed part of the union of Aghada, which was
held in commendam by the bishops of Cloyne till the
death of Bishop Brinkley, in 1835, when Kilteskin
became a separate rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Cloyne, and in the gift of the Crown : the tithe
rent-charge is £151. 6., and there is a glebe of 9 acres.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Cloyne. Near the ruins of the church
is a holy well, much frequented on the 15th of August ;
adjoining which, is a stone with a rude representation
of the Crucifixion.
KILTEYNAN, or Kiltinan, a parish, in the union
of Cashel, barony of Middlethird, county of Tip-
PERARY, and province of Munster, 2^ miles (S. E.)
from Fethard, on the road to Clonmel ; containing 1296
inhabitants. It comprises 5102 statute acres. Kiltinan
Castle consists of an ancient circular tower, the walls of
which are seven feet thick, and of a residence erected on
the old site by the late E. Cooke, Esq. ; it stands on a
nearly perpendicular limestone rock, 90 feet high, and
commands a view of the Waterford mountains. There
is a very fine well in the castle, covered by a circular
tower, and approached by 90 steps. The river Clash-
anly runs close to the castle, and at the extremity of
the demesne joins the Anner : within the demesne is a
copious spring, constantly flowing from a cavern in a
limestone rock ; also the ruins of the parochial church.
The parish is in the diocese of Cashel : the rectory is
sequestrated, and vested in the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners, who pay a stipend to the curate of Fethard for
performing the occasional duties ; the tithe rent-charge
is £240. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Fethard, and has a chapel
at Killusty.
KILTHOMAS, a parish, in the union of Gjrt,
partly in the barony of Kiltartan, but chiefly in that
of Loughrea, county of Galway, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, 6 miles (N. W.) from Gort, on the road to
Loughrea j containing 3278 inhabitants. This parish
comprises 11,710 statute acres: the seats are Lime
Park and Copard. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Kilmacduagh, forming part of the union of Killinane j
the rectory is appropriate to the see, and to the prebend
of Kinvarra in the cathedral of Kilmacduagh. The tithe
rent-charge is £114. 7. 6., of which £25. 17. 6. are pay-
able to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, £13. 10. to
the prebendary, and the remainder to the vicar. The
Roman Catholic parish, which is also called Peterswell,
from a holy well which is much visited, is co-extensive
with that of the Established Church, and has a hand-
some chapel, built in 1836 at an expense of £700, on a
K I L— T O
K I L— T O
site given by Blake Foster, Esq., and towards the erection
of which R. Gregory, Esq., gave £30. The old ehapel
is now used as a school-house.
KILTIG.\N, a parish, in the union of Clonmel,
barony of Iffa and Offa East, county of Tipi-ekauy,
and province of Munster, ^ of a mile (N. \v.) from
Clonmel, on the road to Cahir ; containing '283 inhabit-
ants. This parish comprises 1069 statute acres : the
lands, which are principally arable, are generally in the
occupation of experienced farmers, and consequently
under an improved system of cultivation. Limestone
is quarried, chiefly for burning ; and there are indi-
cations of coal, in sinking for which some wavelite was
discovered, of which beautiful specimens were pro-
cured. The principal seats are Hey wood, Glenconnor,
Summerville, and Summer-Hill. The parish is a rec-
tory, in the diocese of Lismore, forming part of the
union and corps of the prebend of Donoughmore in the
cathedral of Lismore ; the tithe rent- charge is £"0. 5. 6.
The church is an ancient structure in a very dilapi-
dated state.
KILTOGEGAN.— See Gaulskill.
KILTOGHART, a parish, in the union of Carrick-
on-Shannon, barony and county of Leitrim, and pro-
vince of Connaught ; containing, with part of the
post-town of Carrick-on-Shannon, and the villages of
Drumshambo, Leitrim, and Jamestown (which are
separately described), 17,-")S1 inhabitants, of whom 484
are in the village of Kiltoghart. It comprises 30,494f
statute acres : the land is chiefly under tillage, and
there is much bog and mountain, with quarries of free-
stone and limestone. Part of the mountain Slieve-an-
irin, and several small lakes, are in this parish ; in which
likewise rise the hills of Sheemore, said to contain caves
of considerable depth. The principal seats are James-
town Lodge, Port, Lismore Lodge, Caldra Lodge, Castle-
carrow, Newbrook, and Keon Brook. At Drumhearny,
extensive plantations have been laid out by P. Latouche,
Esq. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Ardagh ; and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
tithe rent-charge is £450. 15. The glebe-house was
erected by a gift of £100 and a loan of £1050 from the
Board of First Fruits, in 1819, and the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners lately granted £174 for its repair : the
glebe comprises 279 acres. There is a church at Car-
rick-on-Shannon, and one at Drumshambo. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms two districts ;
one called Kiltoghart and Gowel, which has chapels at
Carrick-on-Shannon, Jamestown, and Gowel ; the other
called Kiltoghart-Murhane, which has a chapel at Mur-
hane. There are a Primitive and a AVesleyan Methodist
meeting-house at Carrick-on-Shannon, and a Wesleyan
Methodist meeting-house at Drumshambo. To one of
the numerous schools Mr. Latouche allows a house and
three acres of land, besides subscribing £15 annually;
and to another the Earl of Besborough subscribes £5. 5.
At Port are the remains of a monastery, which was
converted into a castle to command the ford across the
Shannon.
KILTONANLEA, or Doonass, a parish, in the
union of Li.merick, barony of Lower Tulla, county
of Clare, and province of Mvnster, 7 mdes (S. S. W.)
from Killaloe ; on the road to Limerick, and on the
river Shannon ; containing 4016 inhabitants. It com-
prises 76274 statute acres, mostly in tillage. Lime-
VoL. II.— 177
stone, in which marine shells are found imbedded, is
quarried near Clonlara, and chiefly burnt for manure .
there is some bog. A branch of the Shannon naviga-
tion, about four miles in length, passes through tliis
parish, to avoid the falls of Doonass between Limerick
and Killaloe, and affords a daily communication by
steam and other boats with those places. At Doonass
are extensive bleaching establishments ; at Clonlara are
a public dispensary, and a station of the constabulary
police. Petty-sessions are held weekly on Friday at the
latter place, where, also, a manorial court is occasionally
held for the recovery of small debts ; and efforts have
been recently made to re-establish the fairs usually
held on March 1 7th, June llth, and Sept. '21st and
29th, each continuing for two days. The seats are,
Doonass House, the residence of Sir Hugh Dillon
Massy, Bart., beautifully situated on the Shannon ;
Summer Hill; Water Park; Erina House; Erina ;
Rosehill; Elm Hill; Bellisle ; Landscape; Springfield;
Parkview ; Newtown ; Mount Catherine ; Runnard ;
and Doonass glebe.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Killaloe, episcopally united from time immemorial to
the vicarage of Killokcnnedy, together forming the
union of Kiltonanlea, or Doonass, in the patronage of
the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£256. 3., and the entire tithe of the benefice £333. 19.
The glebe-house was erected in 1804, when £597 were
lent and £200 given by the late Board of First Fruits
for that purpose ; the glebe comprises 6 acres. The
church, at Clonlara, is a neat building, erected in 1782,
with a square tower surmounted by pinnacles ; for the
erection of the tower and gallery the same Board
granted £300, in 1829. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the district of Doonass,
which also comprises parts of the parishes of Killaloe
and Killokcnnedy : the parochial chapel at Clonlara.
erected in 1815, is a large and well-built structure ;
and there is a chapel at Trugh, in the parish of Killaloe.
Within the limits of the parish are the ruined castles of
Rhinnuagh, Newtown, and Coolistigne ; and several
ancient raths or forts. The " Falls of Doonass," on
the Shannon, as seen from Doonass demesne, have a
striking and highly picturesque effect : the river, which
above the falls is 300 yards wide and 40 feet deep, here
pours its vast volume of water over large masses of
rock extending upwards of a quarter of a mile along its
course, and producing a succession of falls forming a
grand and interesting spectacle.
KILTOOM, or Kiltomb, a parish, in the union and
barony of Athlone, county of Roscommon, and pro-
vince of CoNNAUGHT, 5 milcs (N. W.) from Athlone, on
the road to Roscommon ; containing 4150 inhabitants.
This parish, which is situated on Lough Ree, comprises
13,246 statute acres ; the soil is light but fertile, and
the lands are generally in a profitable state of cultiva-
tion ; the system of agriculture is improved, and there
is a moderate portion of bog. The scenery is pleasingly
diversified. The principal seats are, Hodsons-Bay.
situated on the shore of Lough Ree, in tastefully dis-
posed grounds commanding a fine view of the lake and
the river Shannon ; Grove ; New Park, a handsome
residence pleasantly situated; and RockhiU. The
living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, united by
act of council, in 1784, to the vicarage of Camma, toge-
K I L— T O
ther forming the union of Kiltoom, in the patronage of
the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in the Incorpo-
rated Society. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£116. 5., of which £48. 15. are payable to the impro-
priators, and the remainder to the vicar; the gross
tithe of the benefice of the vicar is £150. The glebe-
house, built in 1790, by the then incumbent, is situated
about a mile from the church ; the glebe comprises 20
acres. The old church was built in 17S5, by a gift of
£390 from the Board of First Fruits ; a new church
has lately been erected, the funds for which were chiefly
supplied by Sir Frederick Trench. The Roman Catho-
lic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church ; a spacious chapel has been built.
KILTOOMY, or Kiltorney, a parish, in the union
of LisTowEL, barony of Clanmaurice, county of
Kerry, and province of Munster, gi miles (S. W. by
S.) from Listowel, and on the river Brick ; containing
2043 inhabitants. It comprises 5S66 statute acres, of
which about one-half consists of arable land, and the
remainder of marshy land and bog. Limestone-gravel
is found near Kiltoomy, and used for manure. The
parish is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe ; the
rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Cork, and the
vicarage forms part of the union of Kilflyn : the tithe
rent-charge, amounting to £90, is payable in equal por-
tions to the impropriator and the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions Kiltoomy forms part of the district
of Lixnaw. The ruins of the church still exist : it was
the cemetery of the Fitzmaurices prior to the erection
of the mausoleum near Lixnaw on the death of John,
the third earl of Kerry. Near Shanavally is a chaly-
beate spring.
KILTORA, or Kilturragh, a parish, in the union
of Boyle, partly iu the barony of Costello, county of
Mayo, but chiefly in that of Corran, county of Sligo,
and province of Connaught, 5 miles (S. by vv.) from
Ballymote, on the road to Castlebar ; containing 2613
inhabitants. This parish comprises 6883 statute acres :
the land is principally under a gradually improving
system of tillage. A large quantity of waste land has
been brought into cultivation, but there is still a consi-
derable extent of bog. Doo Castle occupies the site of
an ancient fortress, of which there are still some remains
near the present house. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Achonry, forming part of the union of Emly-
fadd ; the rectory is impropriate in Sir Robert Gore
Booth, Bart., and the tithe rent-charge is £172. 5., of
which £82. 1 . are payable to the lessee of the impropri-
ator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Buninaden. There are numerous Danish raths in
the parish ; and about three miles westward from Col-
loony are the remains of Meemlough Castle, built by T.
B. O'Hara; the walls are still entire, and are perforated
by flights of steps.
KILTORAGHT, a parish, in the union of Ennisty-
Mox, barony of Corcomroe, county of Clare, and
province of Munster, 3i miles (VV.) from Curofin, and
on the road from Kilfenora to Ennis ; containing 1074
inhabitants. In the civil divisions it is not known as a
parish, having merged into that of Kilfenora : it com-
prises 3091 J statute acres, a large portion of which
consists of mountain pasture and bog. The living is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilfenora : the
178
K I L— T O
rectory forms part of the union and corps of the deanery ;
the vicarage was episcopally united, in 1795, to that of
Clouney, together constituting the union of Kiltoraght,
in the gift of the Bishop. Of the tithe rent-charge,
amounting to £67. 10., two-thirds are payable to the
rector, and the remainder to the vicar, who receives
£40 from Clouney, and whose income has been aug-
mented by a grant of £63 from Primate Boulter's
fund. The church, for the erection of which the Board
of First Fruits gave £800 in 1813, having been injured
during the late disturbances, is now in a dilapidated
state ; divine service is performed at the glebe-house,
for the erection of which the same Board gave £450,
and lent £62, in 1814. The glebe of the union con-
sists of nine acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Kilfenora : a
chapel has been erected at Inchioveagh, on the new line
of road to Ennistymon. There are some remains of a
castle at Inchioveagh. — See Clouney.
KILTORKIN, an ancient parish, in the barony of
Knocktopher, county of Kilkenny', and province of
Leinster; containing about I76 inhabitants. This
parish comprises 1012 statute acres. It is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of
the union of Knocktopher ; the tithe rent-charge is
£33. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
part of the district of Ballyhale.
KILTORMER, a parish, in the union of Ballina-
sloe, barony of Longford, county of Galway, and
province of Connaught, 3^ miles (N.'W.) from Eyre-
court, on the road to Loughrea ; containing 2089
inhabitants. It comprises 6898 statute acres ; a con-
siderable quantity is reclaimable bog. Here are a re-
ceiving-house for letters in connexion with Ballinasloe,
and a constabulary poUce station. The principal seats
are, Eyreville, an elegant mansion in the Itahan style of
architecture ; Bcllevue ; Mount Pleasant ; Skycur ;
Ballydouagh ; and Chilhame. The Uving is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Clonfert, episcopally united in 1S13 to
the rectories and vicarages of Killoran and Abbeygor-
magan, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory
is appropriate. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£76. 3., of which £31. 3. are payable to the Ecclesias-
tical Commissioners, £20. 15. 6. to the dean, and the
remainder to the vicar ; the tithe of the entire benefice
of the vicar is £150. 14. The glebe-house was erected
in 181 7 by a gift of £400 and a loan of £200 from the
late Board of First Fruits ; there is a glebe of two acres
in the parish of Killoran, and one of 12 acres in Kiltor-
mer, on which is the glebe-house. The church, in the
village of Kiltormer-Kelly, was built in 1814 on a site
given by T. Stratford Eyre, Esq., by a gift of £600 and
a loan of £200 from the Board, and has been repaired
by a grant of £109 from the Ecclesiastical Commission-
ers ; it is a neat edifice with a square tower, inclosed in
a planted area. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising also part of
Clonfert, and has a chapel at Kiltormer-Kelly. The
parochial school, in which 50 children are educated, is
aided by a donation of £6 annually from the incum-
bent ; and there is a national school, for which J.
Prendergast, Esq., gave the site and £50 towards its
erection. At Ballydough, on the south side of the
road, are the foundations of a large castle. A holy well
is much resorted to on the last Sunday in July.
K I L— T U
K I L— T U
KILTORMER-KELLY, a village, in the parish of
KiLTORMEK, union of Bai.linasloe, barony of Long-
ford, county of Galway, and province of Connaught,
7 miles (S. by E.) from Ballinasloe ; containing '^45
inhabitants. This is a rising village, in a well cultivated
district, within 5 miles of the (Jrand Canal ; and has
cattle-fairs on the 17th of Feb., May, Aug., and Novem-
ber. A fine quarry of black marble has been discovered
in the vicinity. Here are the parish church, Roman
Catholic chapel, and national school. It is or was the
estate of Charles Kelly, a friar, whose ancestors founded
Kilconnell Abbey and some others in this county.
KILTORNEY.— See Kiltoomy.
KILTRELLIG, a village, in the parish of Kilbal-
LYOWEN, union of KiLRUSH, barony of Moyarta,
county of Clare, and province of Munster ; con-
taining 304 inhabitants.
KILTRISK, a parish, in the union of Gorey, partly
in the barony of Ballaghkeen, but chiefly in the barony
of Gorey, county of Wexford, and province of Lein-
STER, 65 miles (S.) from Gorey ; on the river A\ven-o-
varra, and two miles from the eastern coast ; containing
757 inhabitants. This parish comprises 32841^ statute
acres, chiefly under tillage. It is a rectory, in the
diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union of Leskin-
fere and of the corps of the treasurership of Ferns
cathedral: the tithe rent-charge is £94. 10., out of
which £'20 are paid to the perpetual curate of Donagh-
inore. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
part of the district of Ballygarret.
KILTRUSTAN, a parish, in the union, barony, and
county of Roscommon, and province of Connaught,
Sf miles (N. N. W.) from Strokestown, on the road to
Elphin ; containing 3938 inhabitants. It comprises
6339 statute acres, principally under an improving sys-
tem of tillage. There is a large quantity of bog, with
quarries of e.vcellent limestone ; also limestone-gravel
and marl, and on the lands of Tubberpatrick some very
fine potters'-earth. Lead-ore has been found, but is
not worked. The principal seats are Tubberpatrick,
Cloneeu, and Cretta Cottage. The parish is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Elphin, forming part of the union of
Bumlin ; the rectory forms part of the corps of the pre-
bend of Kilgoghlin. The tithe rent-charge is £234. 7. 6.,
of which £156. 5. are payable to the vicar, and the
remainder to the prebendary. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is part of the district of Strokes-
town, and has a chapel. Here are the remains of a
monastery, the burial-ground of which is still much
nsed ; also of a castle which belonged to O'Connor
Roe ; and a well, dedicated to St. Patrick.
KILTUBRID, a parish, in the union of Carrick-
on-Shannox, barony and county of Leitrim, and pro-
vince of Connaught, 7 miles (X. E.) from Carrick-on-
Shannon, on the road to Ballinamore ; containing 7228
inhabitants. It comprises 15,60vS statute acres, includ-
ing 60 of woodland and 2429 of bog and mountain :
the land is chiefly under spade husbandry. On the
northern side of Slieve-an-irin, which rises 1922 feet
above the sea, iron-ore is found in the beds of streams,
and limestone on their banks ; and on the south and
west sides are indications of rich beds of that metal.
Thick strata of it are also visible in the beds of Barna-
meena and the neighbouring cataracts. Under the
south and west brow of Slieve-an-irin is a stratum of
179
coal ; and large and deep beds of pipe-clay and yellow
ochre are found in the channcl.s of several of the moun-
tain streams, particularly about Aughacashel, inter-
mingled with flinty gravel or silicious sand. Near the
top of the mountain at Aughacashel is a large mass of
heavy, smooth, pea-green viscous earth, intcrmi.xed with
sparkling yellow sand ; there is likewise a great quantity
about two miles north-westward. Freestone is abun-
dant ; and here are some sulphureous springs. Re-
mains of disused furnaces are visible near the mountain,
and under its brow is a deep cavity, in which the waters
disappear, emerging about a mile to the west of its base.
The parish contains several lakes ; one is much resorted
to from a belief that the water will cure the erysipelas.
The principal seats are Loughscur, Annadale, Driney,
Laheen, and Aughacashel, near which last coal is par-
tially worked by the peasantry.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Ardagh, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is f 1S6. The glebe-house was erected by
aid of a gift of £2,50, and a loan of £530, from the late
Board of First Fruits, in 1825 : the glebe comprises 470
acres, about one-fourth of which is unprofitable land.
The church is a plain building, erected by aid of a gift
of £440 from the same Board in 1788, and recently
repaired by a grant of £16S from the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. The Roman Catholic parish is co-
extensive with that of the Established Church, and is
sometimes called Cashcarrigan ; there is a chapel on
the townland of Rosgarbon. On an island in Lough
Scur are the remains of Castle John, which was built by
John Reynolds in the reign of Elizabeth, and frequently
attacked by the O'Rourkes ; on another island are the
ruins of a square fortress which was used for a prison
by the Reynolds family. In Loughscur demesne is a
cromlech called by the peasantry Lcaba Dcannud i Grnine,
or " Darby and Graine's Bed or Altar. " There are
some remains of an old church, with a burial-ground
attached.
KILTULLAGH, a parish, in the union of Lough-
rea, partly in the barony of Kilconnell, but chiefly
in that of Athenry, county of Galway, and province
of Connaught, 3 miles (E. by S.) from Athenry, on
the road to Loughrea ; containing 3244 inhabitants. A
cell of the third order of Franciscans was founded here
prior to the year 1441. The parish comprises 8948
statute acres, and is moderately well cultivated. Kil-
tullagh House is the seat of J. DArcy, Esq., in whose
demesne is a fine chalybeate spring. The parish is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Clonfert, forming part of the
union of Kilconickny ; the rectory is appropriate to the
bishopric, deanery, and archdeaconry of Clonfert, and
to the vicarage. The tithe rent-charge is £153. 8., of
which £17. 6. are payable to the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners, £3. 9. to the dean, £24. 4. 8. to the archdeacon,
and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Kiltullagh is the head of a district, comprising
the parishes of Kiltullagh and Killimordaly, in each of
which is a chapel. There is a Dominican convent at
Esker, consisting of seven friars ; it is pleasantly situ-
ated, and the chapel has a handsome spire. Connected
with it is a school of about 600 children, 50 of whom
are clothed, and many of them fed.
KILTULLAGH, a parish, in the union and barony
of Castlerea, county of Roscommon, and province of
K I L— T Y
CoNNAUGHT, oi miles (W. by S.) from Castlerea ; on
the road to Tuam ; containing '664 inhabitants. A
monastery for Franciscan friars of the order de Poeni-
tentia was erected here soon after the year 1441. The
parish comprises '24,713 statute acres : about one-
quarter is bog ; the remainder is arable and pasture
land, with about 30 acres of plantation, principally at
Coshla. There is much limestone and sandstone ; and
the valleys abound with iron-ore, which was formerly
smelted, as is evident from the existence of an old fur-
nace. Here is an excellent chalybeate spring. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam,
united by act of parliament, in 1711, to the rectories
and vicarages of Aghavower, Annagh, Becan, Knock,
and Templetogher, and in the patronage of the Bishop :
the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £170. 10., and of
the whole benefice £.581. 11. There is no glebe-house ;
the glebe comprises 3((. 26p. The church is a neat
building, erected about 18*26 by a loan of £700 from the
Board of First Fruits. The Roman CathoMc parish is
co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and
has chapels at Garraulahan and Cloonfad. There are
two public schools, to one of which the rector subscribes
£5, and W. R. Wills, Esq., £4, annually ; the latter
gentleman has erected an excellent school with rooms
for the master and mistress, and also gives £10 annually
for clothing the children. Mrs. Wills subscribes £4 to
the other school. An extensive loan fund, which issues
about £70 weekly, has been established by the rector.
KILTURK, a parish, in the barony of Bargy, union
and county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 9
miles (S. by W.) from Wexford, on the road to Kilmore ;
containing 91*2 inhabitants. This parish is situated at
the western extremity of the lake of Tacumshane, and
extends to the sea, by which it is bounded on the south.
It comprises 2'206|^ statute acres, chiefly under tillage :
the system of agriculture is in that improved state which
generally prevails in this part of the country ; sea-weed,
which is found in abundance, is the principal manure.
The chief seats are Ballyhealy, Woodville, and Sweet-
briar Lodge. The lake is frequented by numbers of
wild-ducks and other wild-fowl. The parish is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union
of Tomhaggard ; the rectory is impropriate in Lord
Robert Tottenham, and the tithe rent-charge is £141. 11.,
of which £81. 1. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the vicar. The church is a neat edifice,
built in 1806 by a gift of £600 from the Board of First
Fruits i it had originally a tower, which fell down soon
after its erection. The glebe consists of 1.5f acres. In
the Roman Catholic divisions Kilturk is part of the
district of Kilmore. There are some remains of a castle
originally of considerable extent, now consisting only
of portions of two of the towers ; the mound by which
it was surrounded was levelled about 40 years since,
and is now under cultivation.
KILTURRAGH.— See Kiltora.
KILTYCLOGHER, or Sarahville, a village, in
the i)arish of Clonclare, union of Manor-Hamilton,
barony of Dromahaire, county of Leitrim, and pro-
vince of CoNNAUGHT ; Containing ■244 inhabitants. This
village, which consists of about 70 houses, was recently
built by C. H.Tottenham, Esq., under the north-eastern
range of the Glenfarne mountains. A market is held
every Friday, in a good market-house, and is well
ISO
K I L— V E
attended, there being no other within seven miles : fairs
are held on the 14th of every month. Here are a con-
stabulary police station, and a Roman Catholic chapel
lately erected.
KILVARNET, a parish, in the barony of Leney,
union and county of Sligo, and province of Con-
naught, .5 miles (N. byW.) from Ballymote, and on the
mountain road from Sligo to Ballina ; containing 23,52
inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the river
Owenmore, comprises 6696 statute acres. The surface
is mountainous, and agriculture is in a backward state,
but a considerable tract of mountain is gradually being
reclaimed ; there is a moderate quantity of bog, but
little more than what is requisite for fuel. Limestone
is quarried both for building and agricultural purposes.
The principal seats are, Temple House, that of the Per-
ceval family, a modern mansion, on the border of a fine
lake, and in an extensive and well-planted demesne, in
which the ruins of the ancient house of Knights Templars
from which it takes its name form an interesting object
on the margin of the lake ; Annachmore, a handsome
residence, delightfully situated in an ample demesne
enlivened by the windings of the river Owenmore (over
which is a bridge) and commanding, from the summit
of Cloyn Hill, a view of the course of the river, the
distant hills of Knocknaree and Benbulben, the Ox
mountains, and the picturesque hills of Knocknashee
and Knockmuckleta, with much of the country in the
neighbourhood ; and Summerton. The linen manufac-
ture is carried on by individuals to a small extent, and
there is a bleach-green at Ballinacarrow, where fairs are
held on May 19th, June I6th, Oct. 14th, and Dec. 14th,
for cattle, pigs, and yam ; fairs are also held at Temple-
house. Petty-sessions are held at Coolany, where a
sub-post has been established. Kilvarnet is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Achonry, forming part of the union of
Killoran ; the rectory is appropriate to the deanery, and
the tithe rent-charge is £57. 9-, of which £26. 6. are
payable to the dean of Achonry, and the remainder to
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is part of the district of Collooney ; the chapel is at
Ballinacarrow. There is a place of worship for Baptists.
The preceptory for Knights Templars, anciently called
Druimabradh and subsequently Teachtemple, was founded
in the reign of Henry III., and on the suppression of
that order was given by Edward II. to the Knights
Hospitallers. There are some ruins of the churches of
Killoran and Kilvarnet.
KILVECONTY.— See Kilbeaconty.
KILVEMNON, or Kilmananiff, a parish, in the
union of Callan, barony of Slievardagh, county of
TiPPERARY, and province of Munster, 5 miles (S. S. W.)
from Callan, on the road to Fethard ; containing 4983
inhabitants. It comprises 10,551 statute acres, of which
about 1600 are bog ; and includes within its hmits part
of the lofty mountain of Slieve-na-Man. About four-
fifths of the land not bog are arable, the remainder
pasture ; it is moderately productive, but in many parts
is low and wet : the surface is ornamented with some
plantations and hedgerows. The river Anner has a sub-
terraneous course here for about a quarter of a mile, and
works the Compsey Mill. The principal seats are, Kil-
laghy Castle, which was the residence of Baron Tobin,
and was taken by Cromwell, who gave it to a Colonel
Green, from whom it has descended to its present pro-
K I L— V O
K I L— W E
prietor ; Gurteen ; and Ballylanigan. The living is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, and in
the gift of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £506. 10.
The glebe-house was built in l/Sl.byagift of £100 and
a loan of £600 from the Board of First Fruits ; the
glebe consists of si.v acres. The former church was a
plain structure, erected by parochial assessment in l**^ ;
a new church has been erected at a cost of £446, of
which £396 were from the funds of the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. The Roman Catholic parish is co-
extensive with that of the Established Church, and is
called Mullinahone, where there is a chapel.
KILVINE, a parish, in the union of Ballinrode,
barony of Clanmorris, county of Mayo, and province
of CoNNAUGHT, 4^ milcs (N. W.) from Dunmore, on the
road to Ballinrobe ; containing '2'236 inhabitants, of
whom '260 are in the village. The parish comprises
54'26 statute acres, principally under tillage, and con-
tains a great quantity of bog and some waste land. The
seats are Cartown, Killan, Rockfort, and Oldtown Cot-
tage. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Tuam, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
tithe rent-charge is £87. 4. 7., now payable to the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Ballin-
dangan.
KILVOLANE, a parish, in the union of Nenagh,
barony of Owney and Arra, county of Tipperary,
and province of Munster, on the road from Thurles
to Limerick ; containing, with the post-town of Newport
(which is separately described), 4"254 inhabitants. It
comprises 86*9 statute acres. There were formerly
large tracts of waste land, which, from the facility of
procuring lime, have been partly reclaimed and are
rapidly coming into cultivation. The system of agri-
culture is improved ; there are tracts of valuable bog,
and several quarries of excellent limestone, which is
burnt for manure. Gritstone of good quality for build-
ing is also extensively quarried ; and copper-mines of
good ore were formerly worked with success ; they were
discontinued for a time, but have been again worked for
some years past by Lord Stradbroke. The scenery is
finely diversified; the river Clare intersects the parish,
affording advantageous sites for mills, and on the south-
eastern side forms a boundary between the counties of
Tipperary and Limerick. Clare Glen, which is beauti-
fully picturesque, has been planted. The principal seats
are, Bama and Mount Philips, the demesnes of which
are richly embellished with stately oaks ; Ballymakeogh ;
Mount Rivers ; Bloomfield ; Fox Hall ; Clonsingle ;
Derryleagh ; and Prospect. A corn-mill and a tuck-
mill have been erected on the river Clare, near Newport.
The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Cashel, forming part of the union of Kilnerath, or St.
John's Newport ; the tithe rent-charge is £346. 3. The
church, towards the repair of which the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners recently granted £530, is a neat edifice,
situated at Newport. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Newport, in which
town is the chapel. The parochial school is endowed
with 20 acres of land, and is aided by subscriptions ;
there are two national and four private schools. Some
remains exist of the ancient parochial church, at Bally-
makeogh ; the cemetery around it is still used as a
burial-ground.
181
KILWATERMOY, a parish, in the uniun of Lis-
MORE, barony of Cosiiuriue, county of Watehkord,
and province of Mlnster, '2 miles (S. E.) from Tallow,
and on the river Blackwater ; containing '2400 inhabit-
ants. The parish comprises 6557 statute acres ; the
surface is in general mountainous. The principal stats
are Moor Hill, Sapperton, and Headborough ; these are
handsome seats surrounded by plantations and orna-
mented with the river Bride, over which is a wooden
bridge. Here is also Janeville. The parish is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Lismore, forming part of the union
of Tallow ; the rectory is impropriate in the Duke of
Devonshire, and the tithe rent-charge is £199. 8., two-
thirds payable to the impropriator and one-third to the
vicar. A handsome church was erected about 1831, by
a gift of £900 from the Board of First Fruits. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the dis-
trict of Knockamore, and contains a chapel. Near the
site of the old church is a natural cavern.
KILWAUGHTER, a parish, in the union of Larne,
barony of Upper Glenarm, county of Antrim, and
province of Ulster, 1 mile (W. S. W.) from Larne, on
the road to Ballymena ; containing '2164 inhabitants.
This parish comprises 9803^ statute acres, of which 1 1 5
are under water ; about one-third is arable, and a very
large portion mountain and waste land, particularly
Agnew Hill, which has an elevation of 1558 feet above
the level of the sea. The lands near Kilwaughter Castle
are in a high state of cultivation ; there is'some bog,
and limestone and basalt are abundant. The castle, the
elegant mansion of the Agnew family, proprietors of
nine-tenths of the parish, is situated within a beautiful
and extensive demesne : in the plantation above the
house is a place called Dhu Hole, a fissure in the lime-
stone rock, into which falls a river that is no where seen
again till it enters Lough Larne. There are extensive
cotton and spinning mills in the parish, that employ
nearly 1000 persons ; linen-cloth is woven in some parts.
The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Connor, form-
ing part of the union and corps of the prebend of Cam-
castle in the cathedral of Connor. A perpetual curacy
was lately instituted, called the curacy of Carncasflc and
Kilwaughter, which is endowed with a portion of the
tithe rent-charge of the latter parish, amounting to £45.
The Ecclesiastical Commissioners recommend, that on
the next avoidance the united parishes and rectories of
Kilwaughter and Carncastle become a distinct benefice,
the perpetual curacy to be absorbed therein. The church
is at Carncastle; the glebe (in this parish), as also the
glebe-house, was purchased by the late Board of First
Fruits, in 1S13. There is a small Roman Catholic
chapel at Craiganorn. £50 Irish were bequeathed to
the poor of the parish by Mr. H. Crawford, and are now
under charge of the Board of Charitable Bequests.
Some slight remains exist of the old church, in the
castle demesne.
KILWEILAGH, or Killoulagh, also called KrL-
leveilagh, a parish, in the union of Millingar,
barony of Delvin, county of Westmeath, and province
of Leinster, '2 miles (S. W.) from Castletowu-Delvin,
on the road to MuUingar ; containing I'229 inhabitants.
This parish comprises 814.">i statute acres, principally
in pasture ; and contains abundance of limestone and
limestone- gravel. It is watered by the river Deel, with
which several small lakes are connected on its northern
K I L— W O
K I N A
side ; and on the eastern is a large tract of bog. Con-
tiguous to this is Bracklyn Castle, a fine seat and de-
mesne. Here are also the seats of Rockview, Dysart,
and Gigginstown. The parish is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Meath, forming part of the union of Kilcum-
ney ; the rectory is impropriate in N. Ogle, Esq., and
the tithe rent-charge is £1 14. 4. 8., of which £S6. 10. 9.
are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Kilweilagh
is part of the district of Castletown-Delvin, and contains
a chapel. There are many raths, containing very large
human bones.
KILWHELAN, or Kilphelan, a parish, in the
union of Fermoy, barony of Condons and Clongib-
BONS, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 1|
mile (S.) from Mitchelstown, near the road to Kilworth;
containing 201 inhabitants, and comprising 524 statute
acres. For all ecclesiastical purposes it has merged into
the parish of Brigown. It is a rectory, in the diocese
of Cloj'ne, entirely impropriate in William Norcott, Esq.
In the Roman Catholic divisions it forms part of the
district of Mitchelstown.
KILWORTH, a market and post town, and a parish,
in the union of Fermoy, barony of Condons and Clon-
GiBBONS, county of Cork, and province of Munster,
20 miles (N. N. E.) from Cork, and 106 (S. W.) from
Dublin, on the coach -road from Cork to Dublin; con-
taining 3246 inhabitants, of whom 1*72 are in the town.
This place was the scene of some battles in the war of
1641 and during the usurpation of Cromwell, by whom
the manor was given to Fleetwood, whose name it still
bears. In July, 1642, the castle of Cloghlea, near the
town, said to have been built by the family of the Con-
dons, and at that time the property of Sir Richard
Fleetwood, was taken by Lord Barrymore and the cus-
tody of it entrusted to Sir Arthur Hyde, from whom it
was afterwards taken by a descendant of the original
founder, who surprised the garrison and either put them
to death or detained them prisoners. The town is
situated on the Funcheon, over which is a neat stone
bridge of six arches, about a mile above its confluence
with the Blackwater : it consists principally of one long
irregular street, containing 284 houses, several of which
are well built and of handsome appearance ; and is shel-
tered by a low mountain ridge, which rises immediately
behind it. There are several mills on the river, the
principal of which are the Maryville flour-mills, generally
employing from 20 to 30 men, and producing annually
about 12,000 barrels of flour; there is a flax-mill be-
longing to Dr. Collet, and adjoining the town is a mill
for oatmeal. The market is on Friday, but since the
rise of the town of Fermoy, only 2 miles distant, it has
been gradually declining ; the fairs are on Jan. 25th,
Easter-Tuesday, Corpus Christi day, Sept. 11th, Nov.
21st, and Dec. 10th. The market-house is a neat build-
nig near the church ; there is a constabulary police
.'Station, and a manorial court is held every three weeks
for the recovery of debts under 404-. late currency, with
jurisdiction over this parish and parts of the parishes of
Kilcrumper and Macrony.
The parish compri.ses 6521 statute acres: the soil is
generally good ; about one-half of the land is under til-
lage, and the remainder in pasture. The system of
agriculture has been much improved, and is still ad-
vancing ; there is little waste land except reclaimable
182
mountain. There is no bog ; consequently fuel is
scarce. Limestone of good quality abounds, and is
quarried chiefly for agricultural purposes. Moore Park,
the seat of the Earl of Mountcashel, is a noble and
spacious mansion, on the right bank of the Funcheon,
which flows through a richly wooded demesne of 800
acres, comprehending much beautiful and interesting
scenery. Within the grounds is Cloghlea Castle, a lofty
square tower rounded at the angles, and situated on the
highest ground on the bank of the river, commanding
one of its most important passes. The other seats are,
Maryville, a handsome mansion of recent erection and
finely situated on the Funcheon ; Woodview, a neat
modern residence ; and Rushmount.
The LtviNG is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne,
episcopally united to the vicarages of Kilcrumper, Ma-
crony, and Leitrim, by act of council, in 1692, together
constituting the union of Kilworth, in the patronage of
the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in W. Charters,
Esq. The tithe rent-charge is £255, one-half payable
to the impropriator and the other to the vicar ; the
vicarial tithe of the whole union is £637. 10. The
glebe-house, situated in the parish of Kilcrumper, was
erected in 1821, by the incumbent, assisted by a gift of
£100 and a loan of £1300 from the Board of First
Fruits, in 1820; attached to it are 34 acres of glebe,
and there are 10 more acres in the union. The church,
an old structure, has been thoroughly repaired by a
grant of £371 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head
of a district, which, with the exception of part of the
parish of Kilcrumper, attached to the district of Fer-
moy, is co-extensive with the union of the Established
Church : the parochial chapel, at Kilworth, is a neat and
spacious edifice ; and there is a chapel at Coolmahon,
in the parish of Macrony. The parochial school is sup-
ported by the interest of a bequest of £500 by the Rev.
Dr. Moore, a late incumbent, and an annual donation
from the vicar : the school-house, a neat building, has
2 acres of land rent-free attached to it. Another school
is chiefly supported by Lady Mountcashel, who also
patronises a Sunday school ; and there is a large na-
tional school-house, erected in the Roman Catholic
chapel-yard in 1833. A dispensary and fever hospital
have been opened for the poor. In that part of the
demesne of Moore Park called the Castle field, numerous
copper and silver coins, and some human skeletons,
have been found. There are several ancient raths in
the parish, under some of which appear to be chambers.
Kilworth gives the inferior title of Baron to the family
of Moore, earls of Mountcashel.
KINATEVDILLA, an island, in the parish of KiL-
gavower, union of Westport, barony of Murrisk,
county of Mayo, and province of Connaught. It is
situated in Clew bay, and comprises 6| statute acres.
KINAWLEY, a parish, in the union of Ennis-
KiLLEN, partly in the barony of Tullaghagh, county of
Cavan, partly in that of Glenawley, but chiefly in that
of Knockninny, county of Fermanagh, and province
of Ulster, 6 miles (N. W.) from Ballyconnell, on the
road to Enniskillen ; containing, with the post-town of
Swalinbar, which is separately described, 16,855 inha-
bitants. It comprises 51,004 statute acres, of which
15,346^ are in the county of Cavan, and, including
islands, 35,657^ in the county of Fermanagh ; of the
KING
KING
latter number, 2895 acres are in Upper Lough Erne,
and 645^ in small loughs. Agriculture is in a good
state ; there is a considerable quantity of bog, and lime-
stone and freestone are abundant. Cuilcagh mountain,
which is '2188 feet high, is in the Cavan part of the
parish. The river Shannon rises at the base of this
mountain, from a deep circular gulpb, '20 feet in dia-
meter ; and there is another deep gulph about three-
quarters of a mile from this, in which the flowing of
water may be heard. The elevation of the source of
the Shannon above Lough Allen is 115 feet, and above
the sea '275 feet. Petty-sessions are held every fortnight
at Derriliu, where, also, fairs are held on May '27th and
Oct. 27 th. The principal seats are Mount Prospect,
Dresternan, Prospect Hill, and Cloghan. The living is
a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore, and
in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is
£276. 18. 6. The glebe-house was erected in IS'24, by
aid of a loan of £1000 from the Board of First Fruits :
the glebe comprises 30'2 acres. There is a church at
Derrihn, and one at Swalinbar, which latter is in a
ruinous state. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms two districts ; Kinawley, in which arc
chapels at Kinawley and Swalinbar ; and Knockninny,
in which are chapels at Knockninny, GlassmuUen, and
Drumderrig.
KINCON, a village, in the parish of Kilfyan, union
of Ballin.v, barony of Tyrawley, county of Mayo,
and province of Connaught ; containing 23 houses,
and 125 inhabitants.
KINEAGH, a parish, in the union of Baltinglass,
partly in the barony of Rathvilly, county of Carlow,
but chiefly in that of Kilkea and Moone, county of
Kildare, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (W. by S.)
from Baltinglass, and on the road from Dublin to Wex-
ford; containing 1580 inhabitants. The parish com-
prises 6298^ statute acres. Agriculture is improving ;
and there is fine granite for building. The principal
seats are Bettyfield, Rickettstown, and Philipstown.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, and
in the patronage of the Vicars-Choral of St. Patrick's
cathedral, Dublin ; the rectory is partly appropriate to
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners and the vicars-choral
of St. Patrick's, and partly impropriate in the Duke of
Leinster, H. Gumming, Esq., and J. D. Duckett, Esq.
The tithe rent-charge is £250. 11. 6., of which £86. 1.
are payable to the vicar ; there is a glebe-house, and the
glebe comprises ISi/. 3r. 24/). A neat church was built
in 1832, by a grant of £900 from the Board of First
Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
partly in the district of Castledermot, in the diocese of
Dublin, and partly in that of Rathvilly, in the diocese
of Kildare and Leighlin. Here are the ruins of the old
church, and of an abbey.
KING'S COUNTY, an inland county of the pro-
vince of Leinster, bounded on the east by the county of
Kildare; on the north by that of Westmeath.and a small
portion of Meath ; on the west by those of Tipperary,
Galway, and Roscommon, from the two latter of which
it is separated by the Shannon ; and on the south by the
Queen's county and Tipperary. It extends from 52° 48'
to 53° 24' (N. Lat.), and from 7° 0' to 8° 0' (W. Lon.) ;
comprising an area of 493,985 statute acres, whereof
337,256 are arable land, 145,836 uncultivated, 8258
plantation, 902 under towns and villages, and 1733
183
under water. The population, in 1821, amounted to
131,088; in 1831, to 144,'225 ; and in 1841, to
146,857.
This part of the island, owing to its inland situatioti,
is not noticed by Ptolemy ; recourse must therefore be
had to the early native writers as the only source whence
to ascertain its former state. From these it has been
concluded that, at a very remote period, the county
formed part of the territory denominated //;/ Fal^jid,
which comprised also Meath, Westmcath, Dublin, and
Kildare. It was likewise included, together with the
Queen's county, Dublin, and Kildare, under the deno-
mination of IIij Laoigliois, the chieftain of which re-
sided at Dunamase, in the Queen's county. After-
wards, the county, or, as some say, the southern part
of it only, was included in the district of J'.ile, or //y
Leigh, comprehending also the western part of the
Queen's county, and the northern part of Tipperary.
That district was subsequently divided into three princi-
palities, each under its own chieftain ; one of which,
forming the southern portion of the King's county, and
lying westward of the Slieve-Bloom mountains, obtained
the name of Eile in Chmrhhuil, or "the plain near the
rock, " afterwards corrupted into Elij O'Carrotl. The
chiefs of Ely O'Carroll were called O'CarroU ; and
under them was a subordinate dynast named O'Delany,
who ruled over a district in the south, denominated
Dal-leagh-nui, or "the district of the flat country.'
These two districts, with the more northern parts of
the present King's county, occupied by the Mac Cogh-
lans, O'Molloys, and O'Conors, were afterw^ards united
into one kingdom, under the title of the ancient king-
dom of Hy Ftilgia, or Off'aUia ; which comprehended
also a part of the county of Kildare, and the lands of
the O'Dempsies and O'Duias, in the Queen's county.
It retained this title for several centuries after the land-
ing of the English, and included a smaller territory
called Hij Bressatl.
So early as II70, the English power was extended
into this part of Ireland, though not with permanent
vigour. Thus, the lands of Cryngidubh were deemed
in all matters of English jurisdiction to form part of
Meath ; the manor of Geashill, held by the Fitzgeralds,
was esteemed part of the county of Kildare ; and from
the Black Book of the Exchequer, and divers pipe-rolls,
it appears that the whole of Offallia was charged with
twelve knights' fees to the king as part of the county of
Kildare. But as the English power declined, its laws
and customs were disregarded ; and under the name of
ll'e^t Clonmaliigra or GUiimalirf, this district was for
successive centuries one of the most turbulent and
hostile to the Anglo-Irish government. Eastern Glcn-
malire or Glenmaleiry, and Leix, were the names then
given to the Queen's county ; the Barrow river being
the boundary between the two districts. The O'Conors
were the commanding sept in Offallia : in the reign of
Edward VI., uniting with the O'Mores, of Leix, they
spread disorder through the province of Leinster ; but
the lord-deputy, Sir Anthony St. Leger, aided by a
force sent from England under 'V\'illiam Bellingham,
dispersed them with little difliculty, ravaged their
lands, drove their inhabitants into their fastnesses in
the bogs and woods, where they were reduced to the
last extremities by famine, and secured their .subjection
by building six castles in their territory. The chiefs
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themselves submitted, and attended St. Leger into Eng-
land, where they were thrown into confinement ; and
their lands, being declared forfeited, were shared among
English officers and settlers. The O'Carrolls, occupying
the remotest situation, appear to have been the least af-
fected by these disastrous events. The new arrangements
were completed in 154S, and procured for Bellingham
the honour of knighthood and the government of Ire-
land. But the old Irish families did not patiently re-
linquish their claims and possessions ; they were inde-
fatigable in their efforts to resist what they deemed an
unjust usurpation. Numbers were consequently cut off
in the field, or executed by martial law ; and the whole
race would have been extirpated in the reign of Mary,
had not the Earls of Kildare and Ormonde interceded
with the queen, and become sureties for the peaceable
behaviour of the survivors. By an Irish statute in
ir).57. Lord Sussex was empowered to grant estates or
leases in the districts recovered from the Irish inha-
bitauts. Another, reciting their forfeiture to the crown
by rebellion, erected certain lands into the King's and
Queen's counties, so named in honour of Philip and
Mary ; the former comprised Ophaly, and such part of
Glenmalire as lay east of the Barrow, and had for its
capital the fort of Dingen, formerly the chief seat of
the O'Conors, and henceforward called Philipstown.
In this division was included a small portion of the
county of Kildare, containing the parishes of Harris-
town and Kilbracken, which until lately, though com-
pletely inclosed by Kildare, continued to form part of
the King's county. During the entire reign of Eliza-
beth, the desultory attempts of the natives against the
English forces were continued ; and the most unscru-
pulous measures were, on the other hand, exercised
against them. In 1599, the Lord-Lieutenant entered the
county with a force of '2.500 men, and totally defeated
the O'Conors ; but in the following year they became
as troublesome as before : at length. Sir Oliver Lambert
was sent thither at the head of 1000 foot and 100 horse,
and after raising the siege of Philipstown, which had
been closely pressed by the insurgents, he dispersed
them so completely that no resistance of any importance
was afterwards attempted.
The county extends into each of the two ecclesiastical
provinces, being partly in the diocese of Cloufert, partly
in that of Ossory, partly in that of Killaloe, but chiefly
in those of Mtath and Kildare. For purposes of civil
jurisdiction it is divided into the baronies of Ballyboy,
Ballybritt, Ballycowen, Clonlisk, Coolestown, Eglish,
Garryeastle, Geashill, Kilcoursey, Lower Philipstown,
Upper Philipstown, and 'Warrenstown. It contains
part of the borough and market-town of Portarlington ;
tha market and assize town of TuUamore ; the ancient
corporate towns of Philipstown and Banagher ; the
market and post towns of Parsonstown, (formerly Birr,)
Clara, Edenderry, and Frankford ; and the post-towns
of Farbane, Shinrone, Moneygall, Geashill, Cloghan,
and Kinnitty. Amongst the largest villages are Bally-
cumber, Ballingarry (each of which has a sub-post),
Shannon- Bridge, Ballyboy, and Shannon-Harbour. The
county sent six members to the Irish parliament ; two
for the county at large, and two for each of the
boroughs of Philipstown and Banagher ; but since the
Union its representation has been confined to the two
members for the county at large. The constituency, as
184
KING
registered in 1841, was 1078, of whom 961 were free-
holders, and 117 leaseholders : the election takes place
at Tullamore. The county is included in the Home
Circuit. The assize and general quarter-sessions of the
peace are held in Tullamore ; quarter-sessions are also
held at Birr and Philipstown. The county gaol and
court-house are at Tullamore, and there are court-
houses and bridewells at Birr and Philipstown : the
former bridewell is a modern and well-constructed
building ; the latter is the old county gaol. The local
government is vested in a lieutenant, 13 deputy-lieuten-
ants, and 81 other magistrates, besides the usual county
officers, including two coroners. There are 45 consta-
bulary police stations, having a force of a county in-
spector, 5 sub-inspectors, 6 head- constables, 47 consta-
bles, and 249 sub-constables, with seven horses ; the
expense of whose maintenance in 1842 was £12,504.
The county infirmary is at Tullamore ; and there are
fever hospitals at Shinrone and Parsonstown, and dis-
pensaries at Banagher, Clara, Edenderry, Farbane,
Frankford, Geashill, Kinnitty, Leap, Moneygall, Par-
sonstown, Philipstown, and Shinrone, supported equally
by private contributions and grand jury presentments.
The lunatic asylum for the county is at Maryborough,
in Queen's county. The grand jury presentments for
1844 were £24,324. In the military arrangements the
county is included in the Athlone district, and has bar-
racks for infantry at Banagher, Parsonstown, and Shan-
non-Harbour, and for cavalry at Tullamore and Philips-
town ; affording, in the whole, accommodation for 68
officers and 1412 men.
The form of the county is very irregular ; and until
lately it had three isolated portions, which, though con-
sidered to be parts of tapper Philipstown, were by
situation wholly included within the barony of Ophaly,
in the county of Kildare. Its surface is, for the most
part, an uninterrupted flat, except where it rises at its
south-western extremity into the Slieve- Bloom moun-
tains, which range in a direction from north-east to
south-west for twenty miles, forming the boundary
between the King's and Queen's counties. Their
highest point is called The Height of Ireland ; there is
but one passage through them, called the Gap of Glan-
dine, which is very difficult of approach, steep and
craggy, and but five feet wide. The only other eleva-
tions which merit notice are, Crogan Hill, to the north
of Philipstown, rising about five hundred feet above the
surrounding country, and beautifully clothed with ver-
dure to its summit ; and the great Hill of Cloghan,
which is the most commanding eminence between the
Brosna river and the Slieve-Bloom mountains, and
abounds on all sides with numerous and never-failing
springs. Lough Pallas, between Tullamore and Bally-
boy, is the most remarkable lake in the county ; it is
of inconsiderable extent, but has the finest tench in
Ireland. Lough Annagh partly belongs to this county,
as the divisional line between it and the Queen's county
is drawn through its centre. It contains about 315
acres, and the greater part is from five to eight feet
deep in summer ; its bottom is chiefly composed of
bog, interspersed with roots of trees, with a bank of
gravel and stones in the centre : several small streams
flow into it, and its waters are discharged into the Silver
river, which flows into the Brosna. Deroin Lough, in
the barony of Eglish, comprises about 200 acres.
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L<nii;h Bdura contains 1/5 acres, but is so shallow that
a man may wade through every part of it in the sum-
mer time ; its bottom is composed of fine black bog
and gravel. Counigh is a small lough in the bog be-
tween Frankford and Parsonstown. Although a great
part of the county is covered with bog, the climate is
said to be as wholesome as in any other part of Ire-
land.
The general SOIL, in its natural state, .is not fertile,
and is only rendered so by manures and by attention to
a proper course of crops. The quality is, generally, cither
a deep moor or a gravelly loam ; the former very pro-
ductive in dry summers, the latter most benefited by a
moist season. Limestone is the common substratum,
yet as a manure it is not used so extensively as it
should be. Limestone-gravel, here called corn-gravel,
is also abundant, and is in general use as manure, as,
without burning or any other preparation, it produces
heavy crops. The pastures, though not luxuriant, are
excellent for sheep-walks, the flocks producing wool in
abundance, and of very fine quality. The unreclaimed
moor is highly nutritious to young cattle; but it is
observed that where bogs have been reclaimed, al-
though the vegetation is rapid and rather earlier than,
in the upland, com crops are generally two or three
weeks later in ripening. The best land in the co\mty
is on the western side of the Slieve-Bloom mountains,
extending from the boundary of the Queen's county
through Ballybritt to Parsonstown ; but the barony of
Clonlisk, in general, is decidedly the most fertile. That
of Warrenstown has been much improved by the efforts
and example of two enterprising Scotch farmers of the
name of Rait : the land in it, though naturally good,
requires great attention to draw forth all its capabilities.
The beneficial change has been brought about at con-
siderable expense and labour, and the barony is now
nearly as productive as the fertile barony of Clonlisk.
A part of the Bog of Allen lies within this county,
forming, in detached portions, the most remarkable
feature of its surface. The mountains have a great
variety of soils and substrata, but the larger part of
them merely affords a coarse pasture to young cattle in
dry seasons ; the only portion worthy of especial notice
is a tract of fertile land, part of which is grazed all
the year by numerous flocks of sheep and young
cattle, while part, having a limestone soil, with a stiff
clay at the basis of the heights, yields abundant crops
of corn.
The farms were formerly very large. It was not
uncommon for one person to hold a thousand or fifteen
hundred acres ; but their size is now much reduced,
averaging not more than from VI to 17 acres; few are
so large as '200 acres. Considerable tracts of mountain
and bog are reclaimed every year by young men after
marriage, who locate themselves in cabins, generally
near the bog for the advantage of fuel. Many of the
little elevated patches in the Bog of Allen, here called
Islands, have been thus brought into cultivation. The
chief CROPS are wheat and potatoes, except near the bogs
and mountains, where oats are principally grown. Bar-
ley and rape are also extensively raised ; the latter is
found to flourish on the most boggy soil, if properly
drained. Turnips, mangel-wurzel, vetches, and clover
are every where grown by the gentry and large farmers ;
but the generality of the small farmers do not venture
Vol. II.— 185
on the green-crop system, except in the barony of War-
renstown, where a regular rotatiim crop is general. Red
and white clover are found on most farms ; the former,
with rye- grass, ansvsers on bog-land extremely well, and
throughout every part of the country it affords a re-
markably early herbage, ripens a month earlier than
the natural grasses, and is made into hay with much less
trouble. Flax is grown for domestic u.se in small quan-
tities, in patches or in the corner of a field. Oa the
banks of the rivers are extensive marshy meadows, called
callows, which are mostly inundated in winter, but
afford a valuable pasture in summer. In the district
between Birr and Roscrca they are very extensive, and
yield great quantities of hay of very superior quality ; the
hay from the callows on the Shannon is not so good.
Dairies arc not so frequent here as in some of the neigh-
bouring counties ; nor is the same attention paid to the
breeding of milch-cows, although near Parsonstov^■n and
on the borders of Meath the dairy-cows are very good.
Butter is the chief produce ; cheese is seldom made, and
what is made is of inferior quality.
Much has been done to improve the breed of homed
CATTLE : that mostly preferred by the farmer is the
old native stock crossed by the Durham. A very ser-
viceable breed has been introduced by a cross between
the Meath and Devon ; the cattle are exceedingly
pretty, and thrive well on favoured soils. In the
barony of Ballybritt is a very heavy and powerful breed
of bullocks, being a cross between the Limerick and
Durham, excellent for field work, of large size, and ra-
pidly and economically fattened : they are principally
sent to the Dublin market. The breed of sheep has also
been much improved. A cross between the new Leices-
ter and the native sheep of the valley gives excellent
wool, and draws higher prices than any other. On the
hills, the sheep appear to have been crossed till it would
be difficult to give the breed a name ; the best appear
to combine the old Ayrshire with the Kerry. The
horses are well bred, light, and active, and when pro-
perly trained, excellent for the saddle ; they are bred
in great numbers : it is no unusual thing to see herds
of young horses, mostly bays, in the mountains or
bogs of Eglish and Ballyboy. There is a greater num-
ber of jennets here than in any other part of Ireland.
Pigs are found every where, but very little attention has
been paid to their improvement. Asses are mostly kept
by the poor people, and mules are common with the
small farmers. Goats are by no means numerous.
The county is generally well fenced, mostly with white-
thorn planted on the breast of the ditch ; but from the
time of planting, the hedges appear to be neglected, except
towards the south-western parts, where the country much
resembles some of the midland districts of England.
Draining and irrigation appear to be unknown ; yet
the country is highly favourable for both, for although
chiefly a plain, and interspersed with large tracts of bog.
it is so much elevated as to afford opportunities every
where for carrying off the redundant water into some
river. The general manure is hmestone-gravel, of which
the best kind is found in hillocks, or at the foot of hills,
and has a strong smell when turned up : the burning of
this gravel in heaps, with the parings of the moors, fur-
nishes a manure producing extraordinary crops. Bt)g-
stuff by itself, or worked up into a compost with dung,
is much used : in high grounds, with a deep limestone
2 B
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bottom, this latter is found to be the best manure. The
old plough is still in use. Oxen are employed in tillage,
and for the harnessing of them a singular kind of yoke
is in use in the neighbourhood of Leap : it consists of a
flat light piece of wood which lies on the forehead and
is strapped to the horns, so that the force of the draught
is brought to the neck, in which the animal's strength is
supposed chiefly to exist ; the oxen rather pushing than
pulling. Another mode has been introduced when
four oxen are employed : they are coupled together,
and a long beam is laid across their necks, embracing
the throat by an iron bow which pierces the beam and
is keyed at the top ; from the centre of the beam the
long chain is suspended. This kind of yoke is considered
to be very easy to the cattle. The Scotch plough and
the angular harrow are every where used, except in the
mountain districts and by the poorer farmers. The slide
car and that with solid wheels, are both exploded, and
a light car with iron-bound spoke-wheels has taken
their place ; it is formed of framework, consisting of
the shafts and a few transverse bars for the body, on
which rests a large wicker-work basket, here called a
kish : by removing the basket the frame serves to carry
bulky articles, such as sacks of grain or hay. This car
is very light, not weighing more, when well made, than
1| cwt. The Scotch cart is seldom seen but with the
gentry.
Evident marks exist at the present day, to prove that
the whole surface of the county was once an uninter-
rupted forest : the alder is indigenous, and a small
patch of the ancient forest still remains in the demesne
of Droughtville. The borders of the county near Tip-
perary are well wooded, and have a beautiful appear-
ance ; but the principal woods are those of Killeigh,
Charleville, and Castle-Bernard : there are likewise
very extensive plantations and much ornamental timber
around Woodville, Droughtville, Mountpleasant, Leap,
Goldengrove, Doone, Moystown, Geashill, Newtown,
and Clara. The timber is large and excellent : the
ash from this part bears the highest price in Dublin ;
oak, birch, and lime also thrive well. Much planting
has been effected on the borders of the bogs, and on the
islands and derries interspersed through them, some of
which are ancient stands of timber. Trees are also
found growing within a few feet of the ancient timber,
which is now several feet under the surface. The bogs,
which cover so large a portion of the land, supply a
never-failing quantity of fuel : their elevation renders
them easily reclaimable, and the quantities of limestone
and gravel found in the escars and derries with which
they are interspersed afford great facilities for bringing
them into a state of tillage.
The level portions of the county form part of the
great field of floetz limestone. Its structure varies from
the perfectly compact to the conjointly compact and
foliated, and even granularly foliated. Beds of the last
kind are quarried for various purposes near Tullamore ;
the stone is of a greyish white, and of a large granular
texture. The Slieve-Bloom mountains consist of a
nucleus of clay-slate surrounded by sandstone ; the
sandstone appears to sweep round the clay-stone nu-
cleus, following the sinuosities and curvatures formed
by its surface, with a dip that conforms to the declivity.
Quarries are formed all round the mountains : in some
the strata are from one to three feet in thickness ;
186
KING
while in others excellent flags are raised, from an inch
to four or five inches thick, and seven and eight feet
square. The sandstone of these mountains is com-
monly yellowish-white or grey, sometimes exhibiting
small porous interstices filled with iron ochre. Crog-
han Hill is a protruding mass of basalt, supporting on
its north-western and south-western sides the floetz
limestone. The gravel-hills or escars form a very sin-
gular feature in this county. They appear in the
borders of Westmeath, and proceed by Philipstown in
a south-western direction to Roscrea ; they are entirely
composed of gravel and sand, those in the northern
part being of silicious formation, and in the southern
argillaceous. In no other part of Ireland do escars pre-
sent so great a variety of structure, or exhibit a more
bold and marked appearance. Neither coal nor any
other of the more valuable metallic ores has been found ;
those discovered being manganese and iron in very small
quantities, with some ochre and potters'-clay.
The woollen manufacture is very limited : the
women spin worsted, which they dispose of to the
manufacturers. Friezes, stuffs, and serges are made
in the county, but entirely for home consumption. The
«linen manufacture was formerly carried on with much
spirit in some parts, particularly in the baronies of
Garrycastle and Kilcoursey. The women are peculiarly
industrious ; they are all spinners, and their auxiliary
exertions for the subsistence of the family are so pro-
verbial, that it is common for an industrious young man
to take a journey into this county in quest of a wife.
There are extensive flour-mills, distilleries, and breweries
at Parsonstown and in some other parts of the county,
but the people are mostly engaged in agricultural
pursuits.
The Bros7ia, formerly called Brosmog, rises in the
county of Westmeath, and running westward by Bally-
cumber and Farbane, discharges itself into the Shannon,
which forms the entire western boundary of the county,
separating it from Connaught. The county is bounded
for a short distance on the north-east by the river
Boyne ; the Barrow separates it from the Queen's county,
in the neighbourhood of Portarlington ; the Feagile
separates it from Kildare, a little above Monastereven.
The LesserBrostta, which joins the Shannon below Bana-
gher, is the boundary between this county and Tippe-
rary for a distance of seven miles, and has been ren-
dered navigable from the Shannon to about two miles
above Riverstown bridge, for small turf boats. This in-
teresting little river, from Riverstown bridge down to the
Shannon, is also the boundary between the provinces of
Leinster and Munster, so that at the mouth of the
Lesser Brosna is the junction of three provinces and
three counties. Through numerous glens in the hilly
district descend rapid mountain streams, which only
flow in wet weather ; the fall of their waters is generally
as sudden as their rise. Many of them are discharged
into Knockarley river, which sometimes appears but an
inconsiderable stream, but when swelled by the moun-
tain floods becomes of great magnitude, occasionally
rising several feet and carrying away every thing on its
banks : its bed has been completely changed in conse-
quence of the violence of these floods, which bafile all
the art and labour expended in endeavouring to confine
the river to its original channel. The Grand Canal
enters the county near Edenderry, and continues its
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course through its entire length, in a western direction,
by Philipstown and TuUaniore, till it joins the Shannon,
at Shannon-Harbour, near Banagher, opening a direct
communication with Dublin on the one side, and with
Ballinasloe and the Shannon on the other : this is the
chief line of trade for the county. It has been proposed
to make a navigation from the Shannon up the Lesser
Brosna to Parsonstown. The roads are numerous in
every part, and have been greatly improved within the
last few years ; several new lines have been opened
through the bogs. But notwithstanding the central
situation and great extent of this county, it is a singular
fact, that there is not a mail-coach to or from any town
in it ; the only mail-coach road touching the county is
that from Dublin to Limerick, and this but for a very
short distance south of Roscrea. The roads are all
maintained by grand jury presentments.
The most ancient relic of anticiuity is a ruin called
the White Obelisk, or Temple of the Sun, in the Slieve-
Bloom mountains, being a large pyramid of white stones.
Danish raths are common : a chain of fortified moats
commanding toghers or bog-passes e.vtends through the
county. Ballykillen Fort was a famous rath, in the
centre of which was a vault where some curious relics^
were found. The number of religious establishments
in the county appears to have been very great in pro-
portion to its e.xtent. Of the existing remains the most
remarkable are the ruins at Clonmacnois. Of the other
religious establishments, there are still vestiges of those
of Clonfertmulloe, Drumcullin, Kilcolman, Killegally,
Rathbeg, and Reyuagh, which have been converted into
parish churches. At Killeigh, now a small village, were
three religious houses. Durrow was the site of a sump-
tuous abbey founded by St. Columb ; the abbey of
Monasteroris was founded by one of the Birmingham
family, in a district then called Thotmoy ; Seirkyran
Abbey was founded by St. Kieran, near Ballybritt. The
abbeys of Clonemore, Glinn, Kilbian, Kilcomin, Kilhu-
alleach, Killiadhuin, Liethmore, Lynally, Mugna, Rath-
libthen, and Tuilim, are known only by name. The
ruins of ancient castles are numerous ; most of the
baronies take their names from some one of them.
Several are stiU kept up as the mansions of the pro-
prietors ; but the greater number are in ruins. Those
deserving special notice, together with the modern man-
sions of the nobility and gentry, are described under the
heads of their respective parishes.
Though there are some good farmsteads, but little
attention is in general paid to the arrangement of their
offices or their internal convenience or neatness, except
in those belonging to gentlemen of fortune. The houses
of the small farmers are very mean, and the peasants'
cabins are throughout miserably poor, in few instances
weather-proof, and mostly thatched with straw ; on the
borders of the bogs they are still worse constructed,
being covered only with sods pared off the surface and
called scraws, or with rushes. Yet the people are said
to prefer the shelter thus afforded to that of stone and
slated houses, partly from custom, partly, too, on ac-
count of the warmth retained by the smoke and close-
ness of the earthen buildings. The food is potatoes,
milk, and oatmeal. In the neighbourhood of Philips-
town, bacon forms an occasional addition to the family
fare, and beer is in much demand. In Kilcoursey, most
cottier families consume a bacon pig annually. Though
187
illiterate, the people are very anxious to have their chil-
dren instructed, as is evident from the number of bmall
schools in all parts. They speak English every where ;
if a person is heard speaking Irish, they invariably call
him a Connaught man. Their clothing is of the coarsest
materials, manufactured at home. The women prepare
the yarn for the manufacturer, and execute many of the
details of agricultural industry. The use of cotton in
lieu of linen and woollen has become very general, par-
ticularly for female dress.
Chalybeate mineral waters arc frequent : some wells
at Shinrone throw up a strong ferruginous scum, and
their waters leave a lasting mark on linen. In Garry-
castle barony chalybeate springs are particularly nume-
rous ; there is also one at Escar, in Coolestown, another
at Kilduff, in Philipstown, and another near Aghancon
church, in Ballybritt. In Ballycowan barony is a well
which exhibits a combination of sulphur with iron. Yet
none of these springs are much noted for their medicinal
effects. At Ballincar, near Whigsborough, is a spa re-
sembling that of Castle-Connell, in Limerick ; its waters
are of a yellowish hue, and it is much esteemed for
its efficacy in healing bad sores and scorbutic ulcers.
Besides these, may be mentioned a spring on the glebe
land of Geashill, the waters of which never throw off
any sediment, but, though preserved for many years
in bottle, continue perfectly pure, and undistinguish-
able in taste and colour from that drawn fresh from
the spring.
KINGSCOURT, a market and post town, in the union
of Bailieborough, parish of Enniskeen, county of
Cavan, and province of Ulster, 5 miles (\V.) from
Carrickmacross, and .5O5 (N. \V.) from Dublin, on the
road from Carrickmacross to BaiUeborough ; containing
1614 inhabitants. This town, which is situated on the
confines of the counties of Louth, Meath, and Mona-
ghan, was founded near the site of the old village of
Cabra, by Mervyn Pratt, Esq., towards the close of the
last century, and was completed by his brother, the
Rev. Joseph Pratt. From the facility afforded by its
situation for procuring materials for building, from the
advantageous conditions of the leases granted by its
proprietor, the construction of good roads, and the
establishment of a market, it has rapidly risen into im-
portance, and is now a thriving and prosperous place.
It consists of one spacious street, containing 307 houses,
which are well built of stone and roofed with slate ; has
a neat and commodious market-house, and a daily
post ; and is the head station for the Kingscourt dis-
trict of the Irish Society for promoting the education
of the native Irish, through the medium of their own
language.
Near the town is Cabra Castle, the seat of the pro-
prietor. Colonel Pratt, a superb baronial castellated
mansion in the Norman style of architecture, with suit-
able offices, situated in an extensive and beautiful demesne
comprising 17 00 statute acres, and embeUished with lux-
uriant woods and richly varied scenery. In a very
spacious meadow to the west, which is interspersed with
stately trees of ancient growth, is an aboriginal wood
covering several hundred acres, and reaching to the
summit of a lofty eminence crowned with the ruins of a
castle and with a rotundo of more modem date, com-
manding a rich view over several counties, terminating
in the Carlingford moimtains to the east, and in the bay
2 B 2
KING
of Dundalk, which is visible in clear weather. On a
rising ground at a short distance towards the south are
the tower of Kingscourt church and part of the town ;
and to the south-east, on a high hill, the church of
Ardagh. At the western extremity of the demesne is
the thickly wooded glen of Cabra, of great depth, and
nearly a mile in length, watered by a rapid mountain
torrent, which, taking a winding course over beds of
rock, forms several picturesque cascades. A romantic
bridge is thrown across the glen, the abutments of which
are hewn in the solid rock ; the arch, raised to a very
great height, is covered with ivy, and ornamented with
trees of large growth, whose stems are also entwined
with ivy, giving to the bridge a splendid and imposing
appearance. Near this spot, on a slight eminence, is
Cabra Lodge, where the present proprietor has erected
some vertical saw-mills of great power. It is tradition-
ally recorded that one of the northern tribes, in its
passage to the west of Ireland, was met in this glen by
the enemy, and totally routed and cut to pieces ; old
inhabitants recollect the discovery of human bones here,
which, the place being unconsecrated ground, must have
been those of bodies interred before the Christian era.
This conflict is alluded to in Ossians poems, a fact which
would, in the opinion of antiquaries, confirm the authen-
ticity of at least a part of that work. Contiguous to
Cabra is MuUintra, the grounds of which, together with
those of Cormee, the site of the present castle, now form
part of the demesne, the whole having been united by the
present proprietor.
The market of Kingscourt is on Tuesday ; and there
are fairs on April 1st, May 23rd, June 18th, Aug. 1st,
Sept. 19th, Nov. 8th, and Dec. 4th and 24th. A chief
constabulary force is stationed here ; and petty-sessions
are held on alternate Tuesdays. The parish church is
situated in the town, in which are also a handsome
Roman Catholic chapel, and a dispensary. In the
neighbourhood. are several planted raths, one of which
commands a very extensive and magnificent prospect.
KINGSTOWN, formerly Dunleary, a sea-port and
market-town, in the parish of Monkstown, union and
barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province
of Leinster, 5i miles (E. S. E.) from Dublin ; contain-
ing 7229 inhabitants. This town, which is situated on
the southern shore of the bay of Dublin, derived its
former name Dunleary, signifying " the Fort of Leary,"
from Laeghahe or Leary, son of " Nial of the Nine
Hostages," monarch of Ireland, who reigned from the
year 429 to 458, and had his residence at this place.
Its present appellation, Kingstown, was given to it by
permission of His Majesty George IV., on his embarka-
tion at this port for England after his visit to Ireland,
in 1821 ; in commemoration of which, a handsome obe-
lisk of granite, with an appropriate inscription, and sur-
mounted by a crown of the same material, was erected.
Previously to the construction of the present magnificent
harbour, Dunleary was merely a village inhabited by a
few fishermen ; but since the completion of that im-
portant undertaking it has become an extensive and
flourishing place of fashionable resort, and the imme-
diate neighbourhood is now thickly studded with elegant
villas and handsome residences of the wealthy citizens
of Dublin.
The bay of Dublin had, from time immemorial, been
regarded as extremely dangerous for shipping, from a
188
KING
bar of moveable sand which obstructed the entrance into
the harbour and rendered the western passage to the
port impracticable during certain periods of the tide ;
and from the vast rocks that project along the eastern
shore to the small town of Dunleary. The frequent
wrecks that occurred, and the great loss of life and
property, had powerfully shown the want of an asylum
harbour for the protection of vessels during adverse
winds ; and application from the Dublin merchants had
been made to Captain Toucher, a gentleman of con-
siderable nautical skill and experience, who resided
among them, to select a proper station for that purpose.
The loss of His Majesty's packet, The Prince of Wales,
and of the Rochdale transport, between Dublin and
Dunleary, on the 17th Nov., 1807, when 380 persons
perished, prompted fresh efforts to obtain this desirable
object ; and the merchants of Dublin and the Rathdown
Association again applied to Captain Toucher, who se-
lected the port of Dunleary as the fittest for the purpose,
from its commanding a sufficient depth of water, sound-
ness of bottom, and other requisites for the anchorage
of large vessels. But nothing further was done at that
time. A petition, however, signed by all the magistrates
^nd gentry on the southern shore of the bay, was, in
I8O9, presented to the Duke of Richmond, then lord-
lieutenant ; and a small pier, 500 feet in length, was
constructed to the east of the Chicken rocks, which,
though accessible only at particular periods of the tide,
contributed much to the preservation of life and pro-
perty. The great want still felt of accommodation for
the port of Dublin and the channel trade, induced the
citizens to make further efforts to obtain the sanction of
the legislature for the construction of an asylum har-
bour more adequate to the safety of vessels frequenting
the Irish Channel, and bound to other ports ; and in
1815 an act was passed for "the erection of an asylum
harbour and place of refuge at Dunleary." Commis-
sioners were appointed to carry the provisions of this
act into effect, in which they were greatly assisted by
the exertions of Captain Toucher ; surveys were made,
and the works were commenced in 1816, under the
direction and after the design of the late Mr. Rennie.
The first stone of the eastern pier was laid by Earl
Whitworth, lord-lieutenant, and the work was success-
fully prosecuted under the superintendence of Mr.
Rennie, till his decease in I8I7 : the pier is 3500 feet in
length. Though at first this was thought to be of itself
sufficient to afford the requisite security, it was found
necessary, for the protection of vessels from the north-
west winds, to construct a western pier, which was com-
menced in 1820, and has been extended to a length of
4950 feet from the shore. The piers, by an angular
deviation from a right line, incline towards each other,
leaving at the mouth of the harbour a distance of 850
feet ; and inclose an area of 251 statute acres, affording
anchorage in a depth of water varying from 27 to 15 feet
at low spring tides. They are 3 1 0 feet broad at the base,
and 53 feet on the summit ; towards the harbour they
are faced with a perpendicular wall of heavy rubble-
stone, and towards the sea with huge blocks of granite
sloping towards the top in an angle of 10 or 12 degrees.
A quay, 40 feet wide, is continued along the piers, pro-
tected on the sea-side by a strong parapet nine feet high.
The extreme points of the piers, which had been left
unfinished for the decision of the Lords of the Admiralty
KING
KING
with respect to the breadth of the entrance, are now
cased with circular walls of cut stone, brought up ver-
tically from the bottom with the diviug-bcll. A spacious
wharf, 500 feet in length, has been erected along the
breast of the harbour, opposite the entrance ; where
merchant vessels of any burthen may deliver or receive
their cargoes at all times of the tide. At the extremity
of the eastern pier is a revolving light, which becomes
eclipsed every two minutes. The old pier, which is now
inclosed within the present harbour, affords good shelter
for small vessels. More than half a million sterling has
been already expended upon the construction of this
noble harbour, and it is calculated that, to render it
complete, about £200,000 more will be requisite. The
materials for the piers, wharf, and quays, are granite of
remarkably compact texture, brought from the quarries
of Dalkey hill, about two miles distant, by means of
tramroads laid down for the purpose ; the number of
men daily employed was about 600 on the average.
The Royal Harbour of Kingstown is now exclusively
the station for the Holyhead and Liverpool mail packets ;
and from the great accommodation it affords to steam-
vessels of every class, and the protection and security
to all vessels navigating the Irish Channel, it has fully,
realized all the benefits contemplated in its construction.
The number of vessels that entered, during the year
1835, was 2000, of the aggregate burthen of '244,282
tons ; exclusively of 5* men-of-war and cruisers, and of
the regular post-ofBce steam-packets from Holyhead
and Liverpool, of which there are eight employed daily
in conveying the mails and passengers. In 1845 the
number of vessels that entered was very much larger.
About 20 yawls belong to the port, the chief trade of
which is the exportation of cattle, corn, granite, and
lead-ore, and the importation of coal, timber, and iron.
The intercourse with the metropolis is greatly facilitated
by the Dublin and Kingstown Railway, which was lately
extended, by the Board of Works, from the old harbour
of Dunleary to the new wharf, which is very large and
commodious. The original line was opened to the
public on the I7th December, 1834, and the number of
passengers has since been on the average 5000 daily ;
the number from Dublin to Kingstown, during the races
subsequent to the opening, was, on the first day, 8900,
and on the second, 9700. The line was completed to
the old harbour at an expense of more than £200,000,
of which £74,000 were advanced on loan by the Board
of Works ; and during its progress it employed from
1500 to 1800 men daily. It commences at Westlaud-
row, Dublin, where the company erected a handsome
and spacious building for passengers ; and is carried
over several streets, and across the dock of the Grand
Canal, by substantial arches of granite. At Merrion,
about two miles from the city, it passes through the sea
on an elevated embankment to Blackrock. Thence it
proceeds through extensive excavations, and intersect-
ing the demesnes of Lord Cloncurry and Sir Harcourt
Lees, passes under a tunnel about 70 feet in length, and
extends along the sea-shore to the martello tower at
Seapoint, continuing along the base of the Monkstown
cliffs to SalthiU, and thence to the old harbour of Dun-
leary, where commences the line to the new packet-
wharf. The terminus at the wharf is a very handsome
building. Nine locomotive engines of the most ap-
proved construction are employed on the road ; and
189
there are three classes of carriages for passengers, the
fares of which are respectively sixpence, eightpcnce, and
a shilling. Tlie carriages start every half hour, from
both stations, from six in the morning till half-past
eleven o'clock at night, performing the journey in less
than twenty-five minutes ; the whole line is well lighted
with gas. The recent extension to Dalkey is noticed in
the article on that place.
The TOWN consists principally of one spacious street,
about half a mile in length, and of several smaller
streets and avenues branching from it in various direc-
tions ; there are also several squares and ranges of
handsome buildings, inhabited chiefly by the opulent
citizens of Dublin. Gresham's Terrace, consisting of
nine elegant houses, with a spacious hotel, was erected
by Mr. Gresham, at an expense of £35,000, together
forming one side of V'ictoria-square, so named at the
request of the Queen, then Princess Victoria ; the
ground in front of the terrace is tastefully laid out,
and from the flat roofs of the houses, which arc secured
from the risk of accidents by iron railings, is a fine view
of the bay, the Hill of Howth, the Killiney hills, and the
Dublin and Wicklow mountains. Haddington Terrace,
consisting of twelve houses in the Elizabethan style,
was built in 1835; and there are many detached resi-
dences. The town, towards the improvement of which
Mr. Gresham has contributed greatly at his own ex-
pense, is partly paved, and lighted with gas by the
Dublin Gas Company. From the purity of the air, the
beauty of its situation, and convenience for sea-bathing,
the place has become a favourite summer residence, and
is much resorted to by visiters, for whose accommoda-
tion, besides the Gresham hotel, there is the Anglesey
Arms on the quay ; also se\eral private lodging-houses
on the western side of the harbour. The Railway Com-
pany have erected some spacious baths, and there are
others on the eastern side of the harbour, all embracing
extensive views of the sea. Races were held annually,
but have been discontinued for some years ; regattas
annually take place in the harbour. The Royal Yacht
Club includes some thousands of members. In the
neighbourhood are numerous handsome scats, most of
them commanding fine views of the bay of Dublin, and
of the richly diversified scenery on its shores. The
vicinity is remarkable for its quarries of granite, from
which was raised the principal material for the bridge
over the Menai straits, and for the harbours of Howth
and Kingstown.
A savings' bank has been opened, and a market-place
and court-house erected. Kingstown is the head of a
coast-guard district, comprising the stations of Dalkey,
Bray, Graystones, Five-mile Point, and Wicklow Head,
and including a force of 5 officers and 38 men, under an
inspecting commander resident here. There is also a
constabulary police force, under a resident sub inspector.
Petty-sessions are held every Monday ; a court at
which the Commissioners of Public Works preside, or
a deputed magistrate, is held on Tuesday, to try harbour
offences ; and the seneschal of the Glasnevin and Grange-
gorman manorial court sits on alternate Fridays, for
the recovery of debts to any amount within this district.
An Episcopal chapel was built by subscription in 1836,
in pursuance of a donation of £1000 late currency for
its endowment. This is a noble structure as to size,
being capable of accommodating I6OO persons : it con-
KING
KINN
tains free sittings for seamen and their families, as well
as for the poor ; and is called the " Protestant Episcopal
Mariners' Church at Kingstown Harbour. " The in-
cumbency is in the patronage of trustees, as is also that
of the Bethel Protestant Free Church. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the town is the head of a district,
comprising the parishes of Dalkey, Killiney, Old Con-
naught, Rathmichael, Tully, and the greater part of
Monkstown and Kill. The principal chapel is a hand-
some edifice, completed in 1S35, at an e.\pense of £4000;
over the altar is a painting of the Crucifixion, presented
by Mr. Gresham. There are chapels also at Cabinteely
and Crinken. In the town are places of worship for
Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly,
and Wesleyan Methodists ; the former erected at an
expense of £'2000, and the latter of £1000: there is
also a large lecture-room. A convent of the order of
St. Clare, to which is attached a small chapel, was
established here about 20 years since ; but the com-
munity, having been much reduced in number, has been
distributed among other religious houses, and the con-
vent purchased by the nuns of Loretto House, Rath-
farnhara, who conduct a respectable boarding-school.
A convent of the order of Mercy w^as established in
1835, consisting of a superior and seven sisters from
Baggot-street, Dubhn, who have built a commodious
schoolroom, in which 300 girls are gratuitously in-
structed ; they also visit the sick in the neighbourhood,
whom they supply with necessaries and religious in-
struction. There are two schools in connexion with the
Mariners' church, one of them under the Church Edu-
cation Society ; and about 120 children are taught in
an infants' school, and a school under the Board of
Education. A dispensary and fever hospital were esta-
blished in 1S25.
KING -"WILLIAMS-TOWN, a village, recently
erected by government, in the parish of Nohoval-
Daly, union of Kanturk, barony of Duhallow,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 85 miles
(S. E.) from Castleisland ; on the river Blackwater,
and on the new government road from Castleisland to
Roskeen Bridge : the population is returned with the
parish. It is situated nearly in the centre of the crown
lands of Pobble O'Keefe, comprising about 9000 statute
acres, which formed part of an extensive territory for-
feited by the O'Keefes in 1641, and have since remained
in the occupation of the lessees of the crown. On the
expiration of the last lease, granted about a century
since to the Cronin family, it was determined by the
Commissioners of Woods and Forests, on the recom-
mendation of their surveyor, Mr. "Weale, to retain the
estate in their own hands ; to commence a series of
experimental improvements in draining, planting, build-
ing, kc. ; and by the construction of new roads to
render accessible this hitherto wild, neglected, and un-
cultivated district. For these purposes the commis-
sioners were empowered, by an act passed in 1832, to
appropriate £17,000 from the revenues of the crown;
to which the grand juries of Cork and Kerry added pre-
sentments amounting to £7937. The works were ac-
cordingly commenced in Sept. 1832, under the super-
intendence of Mr. Griffith, the government engineer ;
and after considerable progress had been made in the
intersection of this mountain district by two important
lines of road (noticed in the article on the county of
190
Cork), the erection of the village was commenced on the
eastern bank of the Blackwater, on the road to Castle-
island, which here crosses the river over a handsome
stone bridge of two elliptic arches.
It chiefly consists of a row of neat houses with shops,
and of dwellings for workmen, situated on the northern
side of the road. At the western extremity near the
bridge is a commodious dwelling-house with suitable
out-offices, at present occupied by the sub-engineer, but
intended for an inn on the completion of the model
farmhouse now in course of erection near the village,
which will be his future residence. Immediately oppo-
site are a neat garden and nursery, extending to the
river ; which, though formed in the centre of a deep
bog, have produced flowers, vegetables, and seedlings of
a superior description, and from which nearly 50 acres
of mountain land have already been planted. To the
east of the garden, a school-house in the Elizabethan
style has been erected ; it is surmounted by a cupola,
and its front ornamented by a clock. The village is
well supplied with water from a well on the Kerry side
of the river. Three substantial farmhouses have been
erected in the vicinity for tenants of the estate, in lieu
of the miserable mud cabins which they previously
occupied ; and as the land is gradually reclaimed, others
will be erected on different parts of the estate. Nearly
100 acres have already been brought into cultivation on
an improved system, and made to produce excellent
crops of grain and potatoes ; while about 60 acres of
mountain land have been drained for meadow and pas-
ture. A vein of culm has been discovered, and worked
to a considerable extent for burning limestone, of which
a large supply is obtained from the quarries at Car-
rigdulkeen and Taur, in the adjoining parishes of Kil-
curamin and Cloniert. A branch road to Mount- Infant
completes the direct communication with the former
quarry, and with the roads to Killarney and Millstreet ;
a road to Newmarket has been completed ; and it has
been suggested that a cross road should be made from
King-William's-Town, to open a direct communication
with the limestone-quarries at Taur, and to form a
junction with the new road between Abbeyfeale and
Newmarket.
KINKORA.— See Killaloe.
KINLOUGH, a village, in the union of Bally-
shannon, parish of Rossinver, half-barony of Ross-
CLOGHER, county of Leitrim, and province of Con-
naught, 4 miles (S. S. \V.) from Ballyshannon, on the
road to Manor-Hamilton ; containing 277 inhabitants.
The village consists of 52 houses ; it is a chief consta-
bulary police station, and has fairs on the 6th of each
month. Petty-sessions are held every third Monday,
and here are a dispensary, the parish church, a Roman
Catholic chapel, and a school. At the north-eastern
extremity of Lough Melvyn is Kinlough House, a
beautiful villa, in a very fine demesne. Near the
village is a chalybeate spa which was formerly much
frequented.
KINNARD, a parish, in the union of Tralee,
barony of Corkaguiney, county of Kerry, and pro-
vince of Munster, 2 miles (S. E.) from Dingle, and on
the northern side of Dingle bay; containing 1283 in-
habitants. It is intersected by the Lispole river, which
runs into the bay ; and comprises 5002 statute acres.
About one-half consists of mountain pasture interspersed
KI N N
K I \ N
with bog, and the remainder is chiefly under tillage : an
abundant supply of sea-weed and sand is obtained ia
the bay and used for manure, and the state of agricul-
ture is gradually improving. The boats employed in
bringing the manure are also occasionally engaged in
the fishery of the bay. The living, lately suppressed,
was a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is
impropriate in J. Hickson, Esq., of Dingle. The tithe
rent-charge is £10.5. 9. 3., of which £42. 3., being the
tithe of that part of the parish lying north of the river
Lispole, is payable to the impropriator, and the re-
mainder to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The oc-
casional duties are discharged by the curate of Bally-
nacourty. There is a glebe of about three acres near
the churchyard. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Dingle : the chapel
for this portion of the district is on the border of
the adjoining parish of Minard. The ruins of the
church still remain, in the burial-ground, near the
shore ; it has long been the burial-place of the Hussey
family.
KINNEAGH.— See Tintern.
KINNEGAD.a post-town and district parish, in the
union of Mullingar, barony of Farbill, county of
Westmeath, and province of Leinster, 8y miles
(E. S. E.) from Mullingar, and 30 (W. by N.) from Dub-
lin, on the road to Athlone ; the population of the dis-
trict is returned with Killuean. The town contains 715
persons; it comprises 119 houses, and is a great
thoroughfare, though now rather a decaying place.
There is a patent for three fairs and a market ; but only
one fair is held, on the 9th of May. Here are a con-
stabulary police station, and a dispensary. The living
is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Meath, separated
from the parish of Killuean upwards of 60 years since,
and in the patronage of the Incumbent of Killuean :
the curate's income proceeds from £46. 3. from the
rector of Killuean, £17. 16. from Primate Boulter's fund,
and 4'^ acres of land at £41. 1. per annum, with the
glebe-house and offices. The church is an oblong build-
ing with pointed windows and a steeple, for the erection
of which the Board of First Fruits, in IS^'i, granted a
loan of £10.")0. There is a glebe of 30 acres, subject to
a rent of £'20. In the Roman Catholic divi.»ions Kinne-
gad is the head of a district, called also Corralstown,
comprising this parish and part of Clonard, and con-
taining chapels at Kinnegad, Corralstown, and Clonard.
The former market-house, in the centre of the town, has
been converted into a school ; and there is another
school, which cost £169, raised by subscription and a
grant from the lord-lieutenant's school fund.
KINNEIGH, a parish, in the union of Bandon,
western division of the barony of East Carbery, county
of Cork, and province of Mvnster, 8 miles (N. w.)
from Bandon, on the mail-car road to Dunmanway ;
containing 6093 inhabitants. This parish, which is said
to have been anciently the head of a bishopric founded
by St. Mocolmoge, is bounded on the south by the river
Bandon, and comprises 1.5,097 statute acres. About
10,000 are arable, 1300 pasture, 150 woodland, and
the remainder waste and bog : the land, except towards
the south, is cold, wet, and stony ; and the system of
agriculture, except on the farms of resident proprietors,
is in a very unimproved state. The waste land is chiefly
191
mountainous, but under a better system of husbandry a
great portion of it might be reclaimed and br<jui;lit
into profitable cultivation. The substratum is of the
schistus formation, passing abruptly in the northern
parts into every variety of transition rock ; and towards
the south, is found slate of good colour and very durable :
near the village of Inniskeen are two quarries, in which
more than 30 men are constantly employed. The prin-
cipal seats are. Palace Anne, a stately mansion beautifully
situated in the midst of extensive improvements, and
near the junction of a romantic glen and the vale of
Bandon ; Fort Robert, a handsome residence on an
eminence above the vale of Bandon, at the eastern ex-
tremity of the parish ; Gardeville, Killyncar, and Con-
norville or Carrigmore. Here is a constabulary police
station ; and fairs are held in the villages of Inniskeen
and Castletown, wliirli see.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, and
in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is partly
appropriate to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and
partly forms a portion of the union of Carrigrohane and
the corps of the precentorship of the cathedral of Cork.
The tithe rent-charge is £675, one-fourth payable to the
commissioners, one-fourth to the precentor, and the
remainder to the vicar. The glebe-house is an old
building ; the glebe comprises 47i acres. The church,
a small handsome edifice with a low tower and spire,
was erected in 1791, by a gift of £500 from the Board
of First Fruits ; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
recently granted £'274 for its repair. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is united to one-half of the
parish of Ballymoney ; there are two chapels, situated
respectively at Inniskeen and Castletown. Of the three
parochial schools within the parish, one, at Castletown,
was built by Lord Bandon, who endowed it with eight
acres of land ; another, at Inniskeen, has a house and
garden given by the Duke of Devonshire ; and the third
is built on ground given by Wilmot Chetwood, Esq.
On an isolated rock of clay-slate, a few yards to the
south-west of the church, is an ancient round tower, 75
feet high, and 65 in circumference at the base, from
which, for about 16 feet, its form is hexagonal, and
thence to the summit circular : it was damaged by light-
ning a few years since, and towards the south is a fis-
sure from which several stones have fallen. About half
a mile south of the church is an ancient fort, in the
centre of which is a large flagstone erect ; and there
are several of smaller size scattered over the parish.
KINNITTY, a post-tosvn and parish, in the union of
Parsoxstown, barony of Ballybritt, King's county,
and province of Leinster, 14 miles (\v.) from Tulla-
more, and 64 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the road to Par-
sonstown ; containing 256'2 inhabitants, of whom 6'21
are in the town. This place was the site of a monastery
founded in 557 by St. Finian (who became its first
abbot), and which continued to flourish till 839, when it
was destroyed by the Danes. It appears to have been
soon restored, for the Annals of Mac Geoghegan notice
the abbot Colga M-^Conaghan as dying here in 87 1 ; he
was considered the most elegant poet and learned his-
torian of that period. The town contains 101 houses
neatly built : it has a sub-post office in connexion with
Parsonstown and Frankfort ; and fairs on Feb. 9th,
Ascension-day, June 23rd, Aug. 15th, and Oct. '2ud. A
constabulary police force is stationed here, and petty-
KIN N
sessions are held on alternate Tuesdays. The parish
comprises 13,S94i statute acres : it contains some good
land, which is principally under tillage, and an extensive
tract of bog ; the surrounding district is noted for corn,
and there are quarries of fine gritstone. Castle Bernard,
the seat of the Bernard family, is a handsome mansion,
situated in a picturesque demesne bordering on the
Slieve-Bloom mountains, and commanding some agree-
able views. The other seats in the parish are Letty-
Brook, Glenview, and Cadamstown House.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Killaloe; of the rectory, one moiety is impropriate in
the representatives of Henry Jackson, Esq., and the
other, with the vicarage, was united by act of council in
1796 to the rectory and vicarage of Litterluna, and the
vicarage of Roscomroe, and is in the patronage of the
Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £I'28. 1.6.,
of which £38. 1. 6. are payable to the impropriators,
and the remainder to the vicar ; the tithe of the entire
benefice of the incumbent is £1*3. 1. 6. The glebe-
house was erected by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan
of £600 from the Board of First Fruits, in ISIO; the
glebe comprises 4 In. Ir. 11/). The church was rebuilt
on an enlarged scale, in 1813, by a loan of £500 from
the same Board, and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
recently granted £176 for its repair. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also the parishes of Litterluna and Roscom-
roe ; there is a chapel in each. Of several schools, one
is supported under the patronage of Col. Bernard, and
an infants' and sewing-school by Lady Catherine Ber-
nard ; there is also a Sunday school, to which is at-
tached a clothing fund, supported by the rector and
Lady Bernard ; and in the town is a dispensary. The
O'Carrolls had a castle here previously to the forfeitures
in the war of 1641 ; and near Castle Bernard is a Danish
fort, from which some curious stone figures and valuable
coins have been taken.
KINNURE, a parish, in the union of Kinsale,
barony of Kinnalea, county of Cork, and province of
MuNSTER, 6 miles (E. S. E.) from Kinsale ; containing
1121 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the south-
ern coast, occupying a peninsulated tract of land pro-
jecting boldly into the Atlantic and terminating in Kin-
nure Point. It is bounded on the west by Oyster haven,
and on the east by the creek of Donbogue ; and com-
prises 19H8 statute acres. The land is generally good,
and chiefly under tillage, but the system of agriculture
is in a very unimproved state : the chief manure is sea-
sand i lime is not to be obtained within less than nine
miles' distance, and is consequently beyond the means
of the ordinary farmer. Off Kinnure (or Keroda) Point
is a shoal above high-water mark, nearly half a cable's
length from the west side. At Pallis is a coast-guard
station belonging to the district of Kinsale. The parish
is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Cork, forming
part of the union of Tracton ; the rectory is impropriate
in the Earl of Shannon, and the tithe rent-charge is
£64. 17., wholly payable to the impropriator. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Tracton. There are some remains of the
church, near the shore of Oyster haven ; and at the
point is a small peninsula of about two acres, called
Doong, which is joined to the main land by an exceed-
ingly narrow isthmus, the sides of which rise perpen-
19'2
KINS
dicularly to more than 100 feet above the level of the
sea.
KINSALE, or King-
sale, a sea-port, borough,
and market-town, a parish,
and the head of a union,
in the barony of Kinsale,
county of Cork, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 14 miles
(S.) from Cork, and 140 (S.
W.) from Dublin; containing
6182 inhabitants, of whom
6l4'2 are in the town, which
extends into the parish of g^^^
Rincurran, and contains alto-
gether 691s inhabitants. This place, of which, from
its very great antiquity, the origin is but imperfectly
known, is supposed to have derived its name from the
Irish Cean Taile, signifying " the headland in the sea,"
in allusion to the promontory called the Old Head ; or
from Ciun Saila, a " smooth sea or basin." It is also in
some ancient Irish manuscripts called Fan-na-Tuabrid,
or " the fall of the springs." On the Old Head, about
6 miles from the town, was an encampment, supposed,
but on doubtful authority, to have been the residence
of some of the ancient kings of Ireland, and of which
the site is now occupied by the ruins of a castle built in
the l'2th century by the celebrated De Courcy, who,
having married into the family of the De Cogans, the
first English grantees, became possessed of a large tract
of country now forming the barony of Courcy, adjoining
that of Kinsale on the south-west. The place appears
from a very early period to have been a borough by
prescription, as the charter of incorporation granted to
the inhabitants by Edward III., in the 7th of his reign,
states in its preamble that the town " was surrounded
by Irish enemies and English rebels, and that the bur-
gesses had always obeyed the kings orders in repelling
the same, who had often by sea and land assailed the
town, the walls of which had become ruinous and the
burgesses unable to repair them." Power was therefore
granted to choose a " sovereign ;" to collect certain cus-
toms for repairing the walls ; and to treat separately
with, or make war upon, the Irish enemies. John de
Courcy having become lord of Kinsale and also of the
adjoining castle of Ringrone, was succeeded in his estates
here by his grandson Milo, who near the latter place de-
feated Florence ISPCarty More and a large party of his
followers, and drove them into the river Bandon, where
many of them were drowned.
In 1380, the French and Spanish fleets were pursued
by the English into this haven, where an engagement
took place in which the former were defeated with
great loss, many of their ships taken, and 20 English
vessels which they had made prizes recaptured. In
the following year the inhabitants received a charter
from Richard II., granting to the " Provost" and Com-
monalty, in consideration of the insult they had re-
ceived from the Spanish and Irish enemies and the
English rebels, the small customs of the port, at a
yearly rent of ten marks, the surplus to be laid out
in completing the walls of the town. Edward IV., in
1482, confirmed the charter; appointed the sovereign
admiral of the port, with jurisdiction extending from
the Bulman rock to Innishannon ; and granted the
KINS
KINS
curporation all such rights and privileges as were en-
joyed by the citizens of Cork. Tlie inhabitants having
countenanced the pretensions of Lambert Sinincl, Sir
Richard Edgecumbe arrived here on the '27th of June,
1488, with five ships and 500 men, to exact new oaths
of allegiance from the Irish leaders ; and on the day
following, the townsmen, having sworn fealty to Ilcnry
VII. in the church of St. Multosia, and entered into
recognizances, received a pardon ; but they were com-
pelled by the Earl of Kildare to renew their oaths in
1498. The town was partly consumed in l.'i94 by a
fire which destroyed Cork street.
In l601,a Spanish fleet bringing assistance to the
Irish insurgents entered the harbour, and landed its
troops, on the '23rd of September. Immediately after
the departure of the fleet, these forces, under the com-
mand of Don Juan D'Aquila, took possession of the
town, which on their landing had been abandoned by
the garrison, consisting at that time of only one com-
pany. The English army advanced on the 17th of
October to the hill of Knock-Robbin, within a mile of
the town, and commenced that memorable siege which
has rendered this place so celebrated in the Irish annals.
The castle of Rincurran, situated on the river, having
been seized by the enemy as an advantageous post for
annoying the English shipping, after sustaining for some
days a severe cannonade, surrendered to the Lord-
Deputy Mountjoy. The forces of the English were
every day advancing, when, on intelligence that the
northern army under ONial was in full march to join
the Spaniards, it was resolved to divide the royal army,
leaving one part under Lord Mountjoy to continue the
siege of Kinsale, while the other, under Sir (leorge
Carew, Lord President of Munster, marched against
ONial. Sir George, after a harassing and fruitless ex-
pedition, was compelled to return to Kinsale. In the
mean time, the English received a reinforcement of 1000
men from England under the Earl of Thomond ; 2000
infantry, with some cavalry, were also landed at Water-
ford, and 2000 infantry with a supply of military stores
at Cork. Castle-ni-park, a fortress on the opposite side
of the river, was attacked by the English, and compelled
to surrender ; but on summoning the town they were
answered that " it was held for Christ and the King of
Spain, and should be maintained against all their ene-
mies." The northern army under ONial had now en-
camped within si.v miles of the town, cutting off all com-
munication with Cork ; and was approaching the English
lines, when the Lord-Deputy, leaving Sir G. Carew to
carry on the siege, marched against the insurgents with
1'200 infantry and 400 horse, and routed them with
great slaughter. All the Spaniards that had joined the
insurgents from Castlehaven were either killed on the
spot or taken prisoners ; the enemy had on this occa-
sion 1'200 killed and 800 wounded, while, on the part
of the English, one cornet only and a few privates were
wounded. The Spanish commander, Don Juan, mis-
taking the vollies fired by the royal army in honour of
their victory, for signals of the approach of the Irish
forces, sallied out from the town to meet them ; but
perceiving his error, immediately retired, and on the
arrival of the English before the gates, entered into
terms of capitulation and surrendered the town, just at
the time when the King of Spain was preparing to send
large reinforcements, and to carry on the war with in-
VoL. II.— 193
creased vigour. During the siege and the sickness that
followed it, the royal army lost no less than 6000 men ;
but the fall of Kinsale, and the consequent destruction
of the Spanish power in Ireland, at this critical juncture,
were the means of saving the country. On the first
landing of the Spaniards, the burgesses had delivered to
Sir George Carew their charter, seal, mace, and royal
standard, to preserve for them in safety ; and on their
subsequent application to him for their restoration, they
were told that he considered them as forfeited, but that
he would write to the queen in their favour. He was
soon afterwards ordered to restore them to the corpo-
ration, on condition that they should, at their own ex-
pense, repair the town walls and find labourers to com-
plete the new fortress of Castle-ni-Park, which they
undertook to perform.
During the war of 1641, the Irish inhabitants were
expelled from the town. In 1649, Prince Rupert and
Prince Maurice entered the bay with a fleet, in order to
make preparations for the landing of Charles II., but
finding themselves blocked up by Blake and Dean, the
parliamentarian admirals, they made their escape with
four frigates to Lisbon ; and on Cromwell's approach
in the latter part of the same year, the town declared for
the parliament. About the year I677, the Duke of Or-
monde erected fur the defence of the town and harbour
a new citadel, called Charles Fort. James II. landed
here on the l'2th of March, 1689, and after being enter-
tained by Donough, Earl of Clancarty, proceeded to
Cork. On the 14th, an army of 5000 French landed
under the command of Count Lauzun and the Mar-
quess de Lary, to join whom, James sent as many of
the Irish under Major- General M'^Carty. On the 14th
of April, Admiral Herbert appeared oil the harbour with
his fleet, upon which the governor of Kinsale, Mac
EUigot, mistaking it for the French fleet expected at
that time, prepared to withdraw his forces that the
French might take possession of the town ; but on dis-
covering his error, he returned for its defence. On the
surrender of Cork in the following year, Brigadier-
General Villiers was sent to take Kinsale, which was im-
mediately abandoned as untenable by the enemy, who
dispersed their troops in the adjacent forts. Major-
General Tettan and Colonel Fitzpatrick, therefore, with
about 800 men, crossed the river on the ^nd of October
and marched to the old fort of Castle-ni-Park, which they
assaulted and took by storm : the garrison retired into
the castle of Riogroan, but on their entrance, three
barrels of their gunpowder took fire at the gate, which
was blown up, and about 40 of them destroyed ; and
Colonel Driscoll and about 200 of the garrison being
killed by the artillery, the rest surrendered upon quarter.
Charles Fort was then summoned, and the trenches of
the besiegers were opened on the 5th of October ; a
breach was made, and a mine sprung ; but just when the
assault was about to take place. Sir Edward Scott sur-
rendered upon honourable terms, and the troops were
allowed to march out with their arras and baggage to
Limerick. Brigadier-General Churchhill, brotlier to the
Earl of Marlborough, was made governor of Charles
Furt, and the town became the winter quarters of part
of the English army ; the walls on the land side were
on this occasion destroyed by order of government. In
1691, the English and Dutch Smyrna fleets lay in the
port, while the grand fleets of both nations guarded the
KINS
KINS
mouth of the harbour. The importance of the haven
was soon after manifested by its affording a secure asy-
lum to the Virginia and Barbadoes fleets, till an oppor-
tunity was found of convoying thera in safety to their
respective ports. On various subsequent occasions, also,
especially during the last war, this port was a ren-
dezvous for large squadrons of the British navy and for
homeward and outward bound East and West India
fleets.
The TOWN is pleasantly and advantageously situated
near the mouth of the river Bandon, anciently called
the Glaslin or Glasson, which here forms a capacious
and secure harbour. The streets rise in a singular and
irregular manner on the acclivity of an eminence called
Compass Hill, the houses ranging tier above tier, most
of them on sites excavated in the sohd rock, or placed
on the level of some projecting crag ; the descent is
dangerously steep, and the streets are inaccessible to
carriages except from the summit of the hill, or from
the main street, which takes an irregular course along
the shore of the harbour. The total number of houses,
many of which are well built and of handsome appear-
ance, was, in 1831, 1266; and in 1841, 17O7. The
town is paved, and amply supplied with good water
from numerous springs. It is much frequented during
the season for sea-bathing, and several villas and cot-
tages have been built in the village of Scilly and in the
Cove, for the accommodation of visiters. It was lately
in contemplation to build a bridge across the ferry on
the river, from the town to Courcy's territory ; and a
new line of road to Bandon has been completed. The
environs embrace some fine views of the sea, the
harbour, and the estuaries which indent the adjacent
country : the banks of the river are embellished with
thriving plantations, and with several gentlemen's seats ;
and around the summit of Compass Hill is a pleasant
walk, commanding a splendid view of the harbour and
the windings of the Bandon. On the east of the town
is Charles Fort, commanded by a governor and fort-
major, and containing barracks for 16 officers and 33'2
non-commissioned officers and privates. There are two
small hbraries, supported by proprietaries of £5 share-
holders and annual subscribers ; a regatta was formerly
held in July or August, and boat-races take place occa-
sionally. A handsome suite of assembly-rooms has
been built, and on the ground floor of the same building
is a reading and news room.
The trade of the port, from its proximity to that of
Cork, is but inconsiderable in proportion to its local
advantages : it consists chiefly in the export of agricul-
tural produce, and cattle, sheep, and pigs, the estimated
value of which, in a recent year, was £13,479 ; and the
import of timber from British America, and coal, iron,
and salt from England and Wales, the estimated value
of which, in the same year, was £18,262. The number
of vessels that entered inwards from foreign parts,
during the year 1835, was five, of the aggregate burthen
of 1062 tons, and one cleared outwards with passengers ;
in the coasting-trade, during the same year, 62 vessels,
of the aggregate burthen of 12,753 tons, entered in-
wards, and 34, of the aggregate burthen of 5201 tons,
cleared outwards. The staple trade of the town is the
fishery, in which 8" small vessels or large boats, called
hookers, of the aggregate burthen of 1300 tons, are con-
stantly employed, exclusively of several smaller boats.
194
Sprats and herrings are taken in seins within the
harbour and bay, as far as the Old Head ; haddock,
mackerel, turbot, gurnet, cod, ling, hake, and larger
fish, in the open sea ; and salmon, in almost every part
of the river. The value of the fishery is estimated, on
an average, at £30,000 per annum. The Kinsale fisher-
men have long been noted for the goodness of their
boats and their excellent seamanship : their services in
supplying the markets of Cork and other neighbouring
towns, and their skill as pilots, procured for them ex-
emption from impressment during the last war.
The HARBOUR consists of the circling reach of the
river, and a broad inlet which separates the town from
the village of Scilly ; and, though much less extensive
than that of Cork, is deep, secure, and compact, being
completely land-locked by lofty hills. It is defended
by Charles Fort, nearly abreast of which is a bar having
only 12 feet of water at low spring tides. The entrance
is marked by two lofty lights ; one in Charles Fort for
the use of the harbour, a small fixed light, elevated 98
feet above high-water mark and visible at the distance
of six nautical miles ; and the other on the Old Head,
consisting of 2" lamps having an elevation of 294 feet
above the level of the sea at high water, and displaying
a bright fixed light visible at a distance of 23 nautical
miles. Vessels arriving at low water, and drawing more
than 1 1 feet, must wait the rising of the tide before they
can proceed across the bar. The usual anchorage is off
the village of Cove, about a cable's length from the
shore ; but there is water enough for the largest ships
any where in the channel of the river, which lies close
along the eastern shore up to the town. The river
is navigable for vessels of 200 tons to Colliers' quay, 12
miles above the town. At Old Head is a coast-guard
station, which is the head of the district of Kinsale, in-
cluding those of Upper Cove, Oyster Haven, Old Head,
How's Strand, Court-]VPSherry, Barry's Cove, Dunny
Cove, and Dirk Cove ; the whole comprising a force of
8 officers and 63 men, under the superintendence of a
resident inspecting commander. The inhabitants, in ex-
pectation of assistance from government, lately sub-
scribed £4000 towards the erection of a bridge over the
Bandon, the expense of which was estimated at £9000 ;
but their application was not successful. The erection
of a bridge at this place would open in a direct line the
whole of the western coast as far as Baltimore, compre-
hending 180,000 acres of a rich agricultural district,
and would greatly promote the trade of the port and the
prosperity of the town, which suffered greatly by the
removal of the dock-yard and other pubhc establish-
ments. In the town is a large ale-brewery and malting
establishment ; and in the neighbourhood are several
flour-mills. The markets are on Wednesday and Satur-
day ; and fairs are held on May 4th, Sept. 4th, and
Nov. 21st, for horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, farming utensils,
friezes, coarse flannels, and other articles. Two mails
from Cork and one from Bandon pass daily through
Kinsale. A chief constabulary police force is stationed
in the town.
The charter of incorporation granted by Edward
III. was confirmed and extended by subsequent sove-
reigns to the time of Elizabeth, who by patent dated
May 10th, in the 31st year of her reign, confirmed all
former privileges and possessions ; extended the limits
of the corporate jurisdiction ; gave the sovereign and
KINS
KINS
commons the authority of admiral, searcher, and ganger,
from the Old Head to the Durseys ; constituted the
sovereign, recorder, and two of the ancient burgesses,
justices of the peace and of gaol delivery ; and granted
markets on Wednesday and Friday, and a fair on St.
Bartholomew's-day and for three days after. This
charter, upon which the corporation acted and regulated
its proceedings until the passing of the act 3d and 4th
of Victoria, cap. 108, was, together with all preceding
charters, ratified by James I., who, in I609, confirmed
to the sovereign and commons all their rights, liberties,
and possessions, excepting only the sovereign's appoint-
ment of admiral, which he transferred to the constable
of the fortress of Castle-ni-Fark ; and on account of
their sufferings from the Spanish invasion, the king
granted them an annual rent of £'20 for '21 years, which
was in part subsequently continued. In the 19th of
that reign a charter was bestowed incorporating a mayor,
two constables, and merchants of the staple, with the
same privileges as had been granted to Youghal. All
subsequent grants were merely fairs or pecuniary aids,
with the exception of a new charter by James II., in
1688, which did not continue in force. The corporation,
down to 1840, consisted of a sovereign and an indefinite
number of burgesses and freemen, assisted by a com-
mon-speaker, recorder, town-clerk (who was also clerk
of the crown and peace), chamberlain, two serjeants-at-
mace, a water-bailiff, and other officers. The sovereign
and all other officers of the corporation were elected by
the court of d'oyer hundred, consisting of the mem-
bers of the corporation generally ; and the burgesses
and freemen were chosen solely by the council, which
consisted of the sovereign, common-speaker, and bur-
gesses. The sovereign, who was a justice of the peace
for the borough and for the county, and also coroner
for the borough, was chosen annually on the '29th of
June (and sworn into office on the 29th of September) ;
and the other officers, as vacancies occurred, on the first
Monday after Michaelmas-day. In 1840, the inhabitants
adopted the 9th of George IV., cap. 82, for cleansing
and lighting.
It is not known exactly at what time the borough
first exercised the elective franchise, but it returned two
members to parliament long prior to 16.52, and con-
tinued to do so without interruption till the Union, since
which time it has returned only one to the Imperial
parliament. The right of election, previously vested in
the corporation, was, by the act of the 2nd of William
IV., cap. 88, extended to the £10 householders; the
total number of registered electors in 1841 was 300, of
whom 277 were £10 househeilders, and 23 freemen.
The old municipal borough and liberties comprised an
area of 11,000 acres, within the jurisdiction of the
borough magistrates ; a new parliamentary boundary
was in 1S32 drawn close round the town, including the
village of Scilly, and comprising an area of 273 acres.
By the act of the .59th of George III., cap. 84, the borough
and liberties, for the purposes of county taxation, were
constituted a distinct barony. The corporation used to
hold a court of record (before the sovereign and recorder,
or either of them) for the determination of pleas to any
amount within the town and liberties, which latter ex-
tended up the Bandon river above Innishannon, eastward
to Oyster haven, and westward to every harbour, bay,
and creek, as far as Dursey Island. Sessions were held
twice in the year before the sovereign, recorder, and two
associate justices selected from the elder burgesseh, with
exclusive jurisdiction in all cases not capital j and a
court of conscience is still held every Wednesday, fr)r
the recovery of debts under 40s. late currency. The
town-hall is a spacious and neat building, commodiously
adapted to the public business and for holding courts.
The borough gaol is also commodious, and well adapted
to the classification of the ijrisoners.
The late municipal borough comprised the whole of
the parish of Kinsale or St. Multose, and a small portion
of the parish of Rincurran. The former contains only
379 statute acres, principally in demesnes ; the scenery
is highly interesting, and strikingly diversified. The
chief seats are Garretstown, Ballymartle, Ballintober,
Rathmore, KnockdufTc, Snugmore, Heathfield, Fort
Arthur, Knockrobbin, and Pallastown. The living is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, and in the patronage
of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in T. C. Kear-
ney, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is £24. 17., half
payable to the impropriator, and half to the vicar,
whose income is augmented by an assessment for mi-
nister's money, at present amounting to £87. The
glebe-house, which is near the church, was built in 1811,
by a gift of £400 and a loan of £360 from the Board of
First Fruits. The glebe is situated on the western side
of the town, and comprises 3 acres. The church, dedi-
cated to St. Multosia, by whom it is said to have been
erected in the 14th century as the conventual church of
a monastery she had founded, is a spacious and vene-
rable cruciform structure, for the repair and enlargement
of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted
£1361. It contains two handsome monuments of Italian
marble ; one of them to various members of the South-
well family, settled here in the reign of Charles I. ; the
other, which is beautifully executed, to the memory of
Catharine, relict of Sir John Perceval, Bart., and of the
same family : there is also a monument of white marble
to Captain T. Lawrence and his lady, erected in 1724,
with their armorial bearings. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a union comprising
also the parishes of Rincurran, Dunderrow, and Teigh-
sasson or Taxax. The principal chapel is a spacious
edifice, erected in 1834 by subscription, and has an
altar-piece embellished with paintings of the principal
events in the life of Christ. There is a small chapel
belonging to the Carmelite friary, and a handsome Car-
melite chapel of greater size is now in course of erection;
the cost of this building, which stands north-west of the
town, will exceed £2000 : there is also a chapel at Bal-
linamona. The parish contains places of worship for
Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. Of the various
schools, the grammar school has an endowment partly
by the corporation, and partly by the family of De
Clifford, of Kings-Weston, in the county of Gloucester,
producing a salary of £50 for the master, who has also
a large house, play-ground, and garden, given by the
Southwell family. A fever hospital and a dispensary
have been established. An institution called the Gift
House, in which eight widows of decayed Protestant
tradesmen receive a weekly allowance of two shillings,
is supported by the Southwell family ; and there is an
ancient parochial almshouse, containing 16 rooms for
superannuated poor, each of whom receives a portion of
the weekly contributions at the church. The union
2 C3
KINS
workhouse, on a site of six acres purchased for £100
subject to a rent of £16. 10. per annum, was completed
in 1S41, at a cost of £5900, and is constructed to
receive 500 paupers.
There were formerly an abbey of Canons Regular, of
which Colgan says St. Gobban, disciple of St. Ailbe,
was abbot in the 7th century ; and an abbey of Car-
melite friars, founded, and dedicated to the Blessed
Virgin Mary, by Robert Fitz-Richard Balrain, in 1334 ;
but there are no remains of either. On the promontory
on the opposite side of the river, are extensive remains
of the old fortress of Castle-ni-Park ; it was of hexagonal
form, with bastions at the angles : the towers, intrench-
ments, and fosse are nearly entire. Of the town walls,
which were destroyed in 1690, three of the gates were
remaining till near the close of the last century ; Nicho-
las-gate was removed in 1794, Friars-gate in 1796, and
Cork-gate in 1S05 : a small portion of the last may still
be seen, on the north side of Cork-street ; and in New-
man-place may be traced the only portion of the walls
now remaining. Near the village of Scilly, and near
Charles Fort, are valuable chalybeate springs, formerly
much resorted to, and still generally regarded as an
excellent tonic. This town gives the very ancient title
of Baron Kingsale to the family of De Courcy, originally
created in 1181. His lordship is premier baron of
Ireland ; he has the privilege (granted by King John
to De Courcy, Earl of Ulster,) of wearing his hat in
the royal presence, which was asserted by the late John,
Baron Kingsale, at Dublin Castle, before his late Majesty
George IV., on his visit to Ireland in August, 18'21. He
has also the privilege of having a cover laid for him at
the royal table at coronations, and on all other state
occasions.
KINSALEBEG, a parish, in the union of Dun-
GARVAN, barony of DECiES-within-DRUM, county of
Waterford, and province of Munster, separated from
the town of Youghalby the river Black water; containing
3250 inhabitants. The parish comprises 5789 statute
acres. The soil is fertile ; and there is a ferry to
Youghal : at Piltown is a large flour-mill. The prin-
cipal seats are D Laughtane House, Monatrea, Mayfield,
Woodbine Hill, Springfield, Bayview, Rock Lodge, Har-
bour View, and Ring. The parish is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Lismore, united to that of Lisgenan, and in
the gift of the Duke of Devonshire, in whom the rectory
is impropriate : the tithe rent-charge of Kinsalebeg is
£607. 11., two-thirds payable to the impropriator and
one-third to the vicar ; and the tithe of the entire
vicarial benefice is £352. 10. The glebe of the union
comprises 12 acres. The church is a neat structure,
erected by a gift of £600 from the Board of First Fruits,
in 1821. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Clashmore, and has a chapel
at Piltown. Near D'Laughtane House was formerly a
castle, called Ballyheny : Piltown was the residence of
Judge Walsh, the supposed author of the commission
to the insurgents in the reign of Charles I. There is a
large rath in the parish.
KINSEALY, a parish, in the union of Balrothery,
barony of Coolock, county of Dublin, and province of
Leinster, li mile (S.) from Malahide ; containing 718
inhabitants. It comprises 2129 statute acres, and is
well cultivated ; Feltrim Hill, on which are the remains
of an encampment, command magnificent sea and moun-
K I N V
tain views. Under this hill is a limestone-quarry, in
which fossils are frequently found, and near it is a holy
well. Abbeville, a spacious mansion, was erected by the
late Right Hon. J. C. Beresford ; in the gardens is a
green-house more than 400 feet long. The other seats
are Greenwood, Feltrim, Auburne, Clairville, and Kin-
sealy House. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Dublin, forming part of the union of Swords ; the rec-
tory is appropriate to the economy estate of St. Patrick's
cathedral, Dublin, and the tithe rent-charge is £16S. 12.,
one-third payable to the lessee of the economy estate,
and two-thirds to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Kiusealy forms part of the district of Baldoyle
and Howth ; a small neat chapel with a spire was erected
here by subscription in 1834. The church, which was
dedicated to St. Nicholas, is a picturesque ruin covered
with ivy.
KINVARRA, a market, post, and sea-port town,
and a parish, in the union of Gort, barony of Kil-
TARTAN, county of Galway, and province of Con-
NAUGHT, 7 miles (N. W.) from Gort, and on the bay of
Kinvarra, which is within the bay of Galway ; contain-
ing 6586 inhabitants, of whom 959 are in the town.
About the reign of Henry VIII., Rory More Darag
O'Shaughnessy took the castle of Doon, here, from Flan
Killikelly ; totally demolished it ; and erected one near
its site, which he named Doongorey. In 1642 this
became the property of Thomas Taylor, who encir-
cled it with a strong bawn or wall ; and it is now in a
good state of preservation. On the 1st of November,
1755, the day of the earthquake at Lisbon, a castle on
the western boundary of the parish, which had formerly
belonged to the O'Heynes, was destroyed to its founda-
tion, and a portion of it swallowed up ; and at the same
time, the chimneys and battlements of Cahirglissane
rocked, and then fell into a chasm formed by rending
the rock to the depth of several fathoms. The parish,
with' that of Duras, comprises 11,289^ statute acres,
and is moderately well cultivated, producing excellent
wheat ; sea-weed is used as a manure, and limestone is
abundant. Fresh water is scarce, but attempts are being
made to obtain a larger supply. The town, in 1841,
contained I60 houses ; it has a sub-post office to
Ardrahan, and is a constabulary police station. The
market is on Wednesdays and Fridays, and great quan-
tities of corn are sold ; fairs are held on May 18th and
Oct. 17th, principally for the sale of sheep. A quay,
about 50 yards long, was built here in 1773 by J.
Ffrench, Esq., great-grandfather of the present Baron
de Basterot ; it was lengthened and raised in 1807, and
such an addition was made to it in 1808 as converted it
into a kind of dock. At high tide there are 12 feet of
water at the pier, which is then accessible to vessels of
150 tons' burthen. Sea- weed to the value of £20,000
is lauded here during the spring, from boats, of which
from 60 to 100 sometimes arrive in one tide. It has
been proposed to establish a steam-vessel, to ply regu-
larly between this place and Galway ; and a canal hence
to the river Fergus would greatly benefit the intervening
country, by facilitating the importation of sea-weed,
sea-sand, and turf, and the exportation of corn. The
principal seats are Thorn Hill, Northampton, and Sea
Mount.
The parish is a prebend, rectory, and vicarage, in the
diocese of Kilraacduagh : the rectory is appropriate to
KIRK
the see, and the prebend [jartly to the vicars-choral of
Christ Church, Dublin, and the benefice of Ardrahan ;
the vicarage forms part of the union of Kilcolgan. The
tithe rent-charge is £196. 10., of which £39. 7- 6. arc
payable to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, £18 to the
prebendary, £'i6. 5. to the vicars-choral, £"0. I"- 6- to
the incumbent of Ardrahan, and the remainder to the
vicar. There is a glebe of 3^ acres. The gross yearly
revenue of the prebend, arising from portions of tithe
of various parishes, is about £56. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising the parishes of Kinvarra, Duras, and Killina,
and has a large chapel, erected in 1816 at an expense of
£2000, on land given by the Baron de Basterot, with a
neatly planted burial-ground ; there is also a chapel at
Duras Park, erected at the expense of P. M. Lynch, Esq.
This is the benefice and residence of the Roman Catholic
bishop of Kilmacduagh and Kilfenora. There are some
remains of the church, which was for ages the burial-
place of the O'Haynes and Magraths, no others being
allowed to be interred within its walls. Near the shore
are two extensive subterraneous caverns. A castle stood
near the pier, but its materials have been used in
building.
KIPPOGUE.— See Cappog.
KIRCUBBIN, a market and post town, in the parish
of Innishargv, union of Newtown-Ardes, barony of
Ardes, county of Down, and province of Ulster, 8f
miles (S. E.) from Newtown-Ardes, and 96^ (N. by E.)
from Dublin, on the road from Belfast to Portaferry ;
containing 6'23 inhabitants. This town, which is situ-
ated on the shore of Strangford lough, is of very recent
origin, having been built since the year 1790, previously
to which time there were not more than five houses in
the place. The present town contains 136 houses, for
the greater part neatly built ; and the inhabitants carry
on a small but prosperous trade. The manufacture of
straw hats and bonnets, of which great numbers are
sent every year into the interior, affords employment to
most of the industrious female population of the town
and adjoining parishes ; large quantities of kelp are
burned and sent annually to Liverpool, and corn and
potatoes are shipped hence for the Liverpool and Glas-
gow markets to a considerable extent. The situation of
the town, close to which is an excellent landing-place,
atfords every facility of conveyance by land and water.
A sub-post office here is in connexion with Newtown-
Ardes. The market is held every third Wednesday,
and is well supplied with provisions of every kind and
with brown linens ; fairs are held on the '28th of April,
May, August, and November. A market-house, with a
brown-linen hall in the rear of it, was erected by the
late Hon. Robert Ward ; the same family more recently
expended a considerable sum in the erection of quays
for the greater convenience of shipping the produce of
the neighbourhood. A court leet and baron is held
every three weeks by the seneschal of the manor, in
which pleas are entertained to the amount of £'20, with
jurisdiction over all the parishes of the union ; and the
magistrates hold a petty-session here every alternate
Monday. The district forms a perpetual curacy, in the
diocese of Down, and patronage of Trustees.
KIRKDONNELL.— See Dundonald.
KIRKINRIOLA, or Kirconriola, a parish, in the
union of Ballymena, barony of Lower Toome, county
197
KIRK
of Antrim, and province of Ulster, on the road from
Belfast to Londonderry ; containing, with the post-
town of Ballymena (which is separately described). 8843
inhabitants. This parish, which is also called Kilcon-
riola and Ballymena, comprises 6390 statute acres, in a
very indifferent state of cultivation. The soil is light
and sandy, in some parts intermixed with stones, and
consequently unproductive without great labour and
expense ; the farms are small, and chiefly in the occupa-
tion of persons who, dividing their attention between
agriculture and the spinning of yarn and the weaving cjf
linen, expend but little capital on the land, and pay but
little attention to its improvement. There are con-
siderable tracts of waste and a large extent of bog. In
the valley of the river Braid are indications of coal, but
no mines have yet been opened ; and there are extensive
quarries of stone in several parts of the parish, from
which was raised all the stone for building the houses
and bridges in the town and neighbourhood. The prin-
cipal seats are The Green, Hugomont, Brigadie, and
Ballygarvey.
Before the dissolution of religious houses, this parish
was an appropriation of Muckamore Abbey. It is now
an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Connor ; the
rectory is impropriate, by purchase from the Earl of
Mountcashel, in William Adair, Esq., and the tithe rent-
charge is £167. 13., the whole payable to the impro-
priator. The stipend of the curate is £8'2 per annum,
of which £31. 10. are paid by the impropriator, £32. 10.
from Primate Boulter's Augmentation fund, and £18
from a tenement in Ballymena. The glebe-house, to-
wards the erection of which the Board of First Fruits
granted a loan of £73. 16., in 18'23, is near the church ;
the glebe comprises si.\ acres, valued at £16 per annum.
The church was built in 171 '2, at the extremity of the
parish, for the convenience of the town, and was repaired
and enlarged in IS'2'2, for which purpose a loan of £100
was granted by the Board of First Fruits. In the
Roman Cathohc divisions the parish is the head of
a district, called Ballymena, and comprising also the
parish of Ballyclug : there are chapels at Ballymena and
Crebilly; also three places of worship for Presbyterians
in connexion with the General Assembly, and one for
Wesleyan Methodists. Guy's free school is supported
by a bequest of the late John Guy, Esq. ; the school-
house was built at an expense of between £400 and
£.500, and the master has a house and garden rent-free :
there are numerous other schools, the master of one of
which, the diocesan school, receives a salary of £1'20
per annum. Some remains exist of the ancient parish
church, which appears to have been a spacious and
handsome structure ; but they are diminishing rapidly
by the removal of the materials, for gravestones. There
are several encampments in the parish ; the most con-
spicuous is on the high grounds above Ballincarvey,
near which, in the townland of Bottom, is a fine circular
fortress, surrounded by a fosse and vallum. Not far
from the glebe-house was a mass of rock, 30 feet in
circumference and 8 feet high, called the Standing stone,
of which no tradition is extant ; it was blown up in
the year 1841. Near the town of Ballymena, on the
bank of the Braid water, and situated opposite Bally-
mena Castle, is a very remarkable moat rising from the
brink of the river to a great height, and now covered
with a plantation.
KNOC
KNAVENSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Athy,
barony of West Ophaly, county of Kildare, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 2i miles (X. W.) from Kildare, and
on the road from Monastcreven to Rathangan ; contain-
ing 65 inhabitants. This small parish, which is situated
on the Grand Canal, comprises 618|- statute acres. It
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare ; the rectory is
appropriate to the dean and chapter, and the vicarage
until lately formed the corps of the treasurership of the
cathedral of Kildare, in the patronage of the Bishop.
The tithe rent-charge is £9. 9., payable to the Ecclesi-
astical Commissioners as vicarial tithe ; the rectorial
tithes have never been brought under any valuation,
but have from time immemorial been let with the lands.
There is neither church, glebe-house, nor glebe; the
members of the Established Church attend divine service
at the church of Lackagh. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of
Kildare.
KNIGH, a parish, in the poor-law union of Nenagh,
barony of Lower Ormond, county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, 'if miles (N.) from Nenagh, and
near the river Shannon ; containing 157'3 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 4515 statute acres. The principal
seats are Riverview and Ballyhenny. It is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, forming part of
the union of Nenagh : the tithe rent-charge is £'214. l^. 4.
There are some remains of the church, covered with ivy ;
and of the castle of Knigh, near which is a fine lime-
stone-quarry.
KNOCK, a village or post-town, in the parish of
KiLMURRY, union of Kilrush, barony of Clonder-
LAW, county of Clare, and province of Munster, 8
miles (W. S. W.) from Kildysart, on the road to Kilrush ;
containing 115 inhabitants. It is beautifully situated
on the north-western side of Clonderlaw bay, and com-
prises ^6 houses, several of which are ornamented in
the rustic style and have tastefully disposed shrubberies
and gardens attached. It is a station of the constabu-
lary police, and petty-sessions are held weekly on Fri-
day. Here is a small pier, where sea manure is landed,
and whence corn is occasionally forwarded in boats to
Limerick.
KNOCK, or Knockdrumcalry, a parish, in the
union of Swinford, partly in the barony of Clan-
morris, but chiefly in the barony of Costello, county
of Mayo, and province of Connaught, 5 miles (E.)
from Clare, and on the road from Claremorris to Swin-
ford; containing 3374 inhabitants. The parish com-
prises ll,704i statute acres, and is partly under an im-
proving system of tillage ; there is a great quantity of
bog. The principal seats are Ballyhoole and Aden. It
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, form-
ing part of the union of KiltuUagh ; the tithe rent-
charge is £'28. 4. 6. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
parish of Aughamore ; in each is a chapel.
KNOCK, or Knough, a parish, in the union of
Navan, barony of Morgallion, county of Meath, and
province of Leinster, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from Nobber,
on the road to Slane ; containing 60'2 inhabitants. The
place is said to have been the site of a priory founded
in 1148, and dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, by
Donchad Hua Kervail, prince of the territory, and Edan
Coollaidhe, Bishop of Clogher, for Canons Regular of
198
KNOC
the order of St. Augustine ; but there are no vestiges of
the establishment, nor have any particulars of its his-
tory been recorded. The parish comprises 975f statute
acres ; there is a tract of bog, which extends into the
adjoining parishes, but it is nearly exhausted. Gravel-
mount is a spacious and handsome house ; the demesne
comprises about 160 statute acres, and the grounds are
tastefully laid out. A manufacture of tiles, garden-
pots, and all kinds of coarse pottery, is carried on. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, forming part
of the union of Castletown-Kilpatrick ; the tithe rent-
charge is £51. 4. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish also forms part of the union or district of Castle-
town-Kilpatrick. There are some very slight remains
of an ancient church.
KNOCKADERRY, a village, in the parish of Clo-
NELTY, union of Rathkeale, barony of GLENauiN,
county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 4 miles
(N. E.) from Newcastle, on the road to Ballingarry ;
containing 73 houses, and 366 inhabitants. Fairs are
held on Ascension-day, Sept. 9th, Oct. 29th, and Dec.
1 9th, for cattle, sheep, and pigs. Not far from the
village is Knockaderry House, the ancient seat of the
D'Arcy family ; it is pleasantly situated beneath the
shelter of a hill, and surrounded by thriving plantations.
There is a Roman Catholic chapel in the village ; also a
national school.
KNOCKANE, a parish, in the union of Killarney,
barony of Dunkerron, county of Kerry, and pro-
vince of Munster, 6 miles (W. N. W.) from Killarney;
containing 5191 inhabitants. This very extensive parish
is situated on the river Laune, which, flowing from the
Lower Lake of Killarney into the harbour of Castlemaine,
forms its northern boundary ; and also on the river
Blackwater, by which it is bounded on the west. It
comprehends an area more than 40 miles in circum-
ference, and comprises 57,993 statute acres. With the
exception of some low grounds near the Laune, the
parish is chiefly occupied by a lofty and extensive range
of mountains, called " M'Gillycuddy's Reeks" from
the ancient and powerful sept of that name, who from a
very remote period were lords of this territory, and
whose descendants are still resident here. During the
wars of Elizabeth, and also during those of Cromwell,
these mountains were the secure retreat of this sept,
one of which, Donogh, having embraced the peace
offered by the Marquess of Ormonde, raised several
companies of foot for the king's service, obtained the
rank of lieutenant-colonel in the army of the Earl of
Clancartie, and afterwards commanded Lord Muskerry's
regiment at the siege of Limerick, where he was taken
prisoner. The principal of the mountains is Garran
Tual, which rises to the height of 3404 feet above the
level of the sea, being the most elevated point in Ire-
land. The approach to it from Sir A. Blennerhasset's
shooting-lodge is between ridges of rock, through a long
and wide valley which gradually contracts itself into a
narrow passage called the Hag's Glen, of terrific wild-
ness ; and the way is continued along the brow of a
rocky precipice overhanging one of the lakes, of which
there are several in this mountainous region, and under
a projecting crag called the Hag's Tooth through a very
confined passage hemmed in with huge masses of rugged
rock. From the summit is a most magnificent view,
embracing the course of the Shannon from Loop Head
K NOC
KNOC
to Limerick, with a large portion of the county of Clare ;
the bays of Dingle and Castlemainc ; the Tralee bay and
mountains, to the north-west ; and, to the south and
west, the Bantry mountains, the Dursey islands, and
the coast of Kerry with its numerous inlets. Of the
lakes in the interior. Lough Cara is the most conspi-
cuous ; part only of the Lower Lake of Killarney is
visible from Garran Tual, the other being concealed by
the intervening heights. The remaining Reeks range
in parallel ridges ; on several are small lakes, and the
view to the south-west comprehends a beautiful ex-
panse of mountain scenery, including the Glencar moun-
tain and others, intersected with deep glens and exten-
sive wilds. The Reeks consist of soft argillaceous
schistus or sandstone, large masses of which frequently
detach themselves and roll down ; the larger rocks are
of a grey silicious stone intersected with thick veins of
quartz, and in the interstices are found small hexaedral
prisms of rock-crystal, and some coarse amethysts.
Between the Purple mountain and M'-Gillycuddy's
Reeks, is a singular defile called the Gap of Diinlue or
Dunlogh. The entrance is extremely narrow ; and the
mountains on each side rise perpendicularly to a tower-
ing height, throwing a deep shadow on the waters of a
lake, between which, on one side, and the lofty cliff on
the other, is a narrow road in which are scattered masses
of broken rock : these impede the progress of carriages
beyond a certain point, and impending crags of threat-
ening aspect render the passage to pedestrians apparently
hazardous. Several small bridges are thrown over the
stream which runs through the defile. This pass opens
into the valley of Coome Dhuve, at the western extremity
of which is a very considerable lough, called the Red-
Trout lake ; and opposite the termination of the defile,
is a beautiful waterfall of great height, the water of
which descends into a succession of small lakes that
occupy the whole extent of the valley. The Gap affords
excellent pasturage for sheep ; it was formerly covered
with wood. From a bank on the south side is a splen-
did view of the Upper Lake of Killarney, with its richly
wooded islands and surrounding mountains, among
which the ornamental tower at Gheramine is seen to
great advantage.
The lands under cultivation are chiefly in tillage, but
a very large portion of the parish is mountain pasture ;
the soil is light and gravelly, and interspersed with
tracts of bog. The system of agriculture is gradually
improving : at Manus is a limestone-quarry, which is
extensively worked, chiefly for agricultural purposes ;
at Glencare is a small slate-quarry, and slate is also
found in the Gap of Dunloe. Dunloe Castle, formerly
the residence of the O'SuUivan family, was built by the
O'Sullivan More, by whose descendant it was occupied
at the time of its bombardment by General Ireton during
the parliamentary war : it is situated about a mile from
the Lower Lake of Killarney, on a steep bank rising
from the river Laune, and in the midst of a thickly
wooded demesne, and commands a fine view of the
Lower Lake, and of the scenery of the Gap, with the
M'^Gillycuddy mountains. The other seats are, Beau-
fort House, built on the site of Short Castle ; White-
field, the residence of M'^Gillicuddy of the Reeks ;
Churchtown, of Sir A. Blennerhasset ; Cullina ; and
Glencare. There are also several sporting-lodges near
Lough Cara, the beauty of which has been much in-
199
creased by the plantations of M'^GiUicuddy of the Reeks.
The river Laune produces excellent salniDu, and the
mountains abound with wild-fowl and other game. The
small village of Blackstones is surrounded by rocky
hills and high mountains, in the rugged crags of which
the yew, holly, and arbutus grow in wild luxuriance. To
the north are two considerable lakes formed by the river
Cara, and inclosed by lofty mountains ; from the lower
of which, the river flows into Dingle bay. Iron-works
were established by Sir William Petty, and carried on
till the middle of the last century, when they were dis-
continued for want of fuel, the timber of the neighbour-
hood being wholly exhausted : the hops and garden
roses planted by the English settlers still grow here ii
a wild state. Fairs are held at Kilgobbinett on Feb.
1 Ith and Dec. '2 1st ; the former is a great fair for pigs,
which arc frequently sold to the amount of £4000.
There is a police station at Beaufort, and petty-session*
are held at Tuagh every month.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Ardfert
and Aghadoe, and in the patronage of the Crown ; the
tithe rent-charge is £198 : the glebe-house was built
in 1825, by a gift of £300 and a loan of £500 from the
Board of First Fruits, in 18'28 : there is a glebe of 20
acres. The church, a plain structure with a square
tower, was originally built in 1812, by a gift of £800
from the same Board ; but, having been burnt during
the disturbances in 1822, was rebuilt in 1825, by a loan
of £240 from the Board of Public Works. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish, with the exception of
Glencare, forms part of the district of Killorglin ; there
is a chapel at Tuagh, and another at Glencare, which
latter is in the district of Glcnbegh. At Cullina are two
national schools, towards the erection of the house for
which the late Colonel Mahony bequeathed £100, and
Kean Mahony, Esq., gives two acres of land towards
their support. Near Churchtown are the ruins of Castle
Cor, formerly the residence of the iNI'^Gillycuddy family.
Some remains exist of the old church, in the burial-
ground ; and at Kilgobbinett and Killoghane are those
of other churches, or chapels of ease, the latter of which
was dependent on Castle Cor. In the reign of Eliza-
beth, Glencare gave the title of Earl to Donald Mac
Carty More, by whose descendants it was forfeited.
KNOCKANEY.— See A.nev.
KNOCKANURE, a parish, in the union of Lis-
TOWEL, barony of Iraghtico.vnor, county of Kerry,
and province of Minster, 4 miles (E. by .N.) from Lis-
towel, and on the river Feale ; containing 1358 inhabit-
ants. This parish, which is situated on the confines of
the county of Limerick, comprises 5950 statute acres ;
about one-half consists of good arable land, and the re-
mainder of coarse mountain pasture and bog. The only
seat is Riversdale. The pari-^h is in the diocese of Ard-
fert and Aghadoe : the rectory, which in I6O7 was
granted by James I. to Sir James Fullerton, is now
impropriate in Anthony Stoughton, Esq. ; the vicarage
forms part of the union of Aghavillin, also called the
union of Listowel. Of the tithe rent-charge, amounting
to £58. 16. 11., two-thirds are payable to the impropri-
ator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district
of Newtownsandes ; the chapel, at Knockanure, is a
small thatched building. The ruins of the church still
exist, in the burial-ground.
KNOC
K NO C
KNOCKAVILLY, or Knockaville, a parish, in
the union of Bandon, partly in the barony of Kin-
NALEA, but chiefly in that of East Muskerry, county
of Cork, and province of Munster, 5 miles (N. N. E.)
from Bandon, on the road to Cork; containing '20*8
inhabitants. It comprises 6'210 statute acres. The
land is generally good, although light and based on
clay-slate, and is admirably cultivated ; the manure is
Lme brought from Ahirlow, or sea-sand from Inni-
shannon. The principal seats are, Upton, the residence
of the Rev. Somers H. Payne, who has erected a
handsome barrack for a party of constabulary police in
his demesne ; Garryhankard ; and Beechmount. The
parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Cork ; the tithe
rent-charge is £487. 10., and the glebe comprises 54
acres of excellent land. Divine service, hitherto per-
formed in a room licensed by the bishop, is now cele-
brated in a church, recently erected, and consecrated in
May, 1844 ; it stands in the glebe, on a site given by the
rector, the Rev. W. L. Beaufort, and was built at an
expense of £666, whereof £566 were from the funds of
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions Knockavilly forms part of the district of
Innishannon, and has a large handsome chapel. Here
is a parochial school of 40 children, which Mr. Justin
M'^Carty has endowed with an acre of land, and to which
the rector contributes £10, and the Church Education
Society £5, annually ; also a Sunday school.
KNOCKBREDA, or KNocK-with-BREDA, a parish,
partly in the barony of Lower, but chiefly in that of
Upper, Castlereagh, union of Belfast, county of
Down, and province of Ulster, 2| miles (S. S. E.) from
Belfast, on the road to Downpatrick ; containing, with
Ballymacarrett, 10,6'27 inhabitants. The ancient fortress
called Castk.Reagh, or "the Royal Castle," which gives
name to the barony, was the baronial residence of a
branch of the O'Nials. It is said to have been erected
in the reign of Edward III. by Aodh Flann, whose de-
scendants possessed the Great Ardes, Toome, Masscreene,
ShankiU or Belfast, and Carrickfergus. By inquisition
in the reign of Elizabeth it appeared that Con O'Nial,
the last of that powerful sept, possessed this castle,
together with <2'24 townlands, which were all freehold,
and also many others held by various tenures. In 1602,
O'Xial having exhausted his cellars during a grand ban-
quet which he gave here, sent some of his soldiers to
Belfast to procure more wine; and the men there
meeting with a party of the queen's soldiers, a battle
ensued, and ONial was sent prisoner to Carrickfergus
Castle, but was liberated the year following by the master
of a Scottish trading vessel and conveyed to Scotland,
where Sir Hugh Montgomery, in consequence of a sur-
render of most of his lands, obtained a pardon for him
from James I., who had just ascended the English
throne. After the decease of O Nial, the castle fell
into decay, and with the adjoining lands was purchased
by the Hillsborough family ; there are now no vestiees
of if. ^
The parish is bounded on the north and west by the
river Lagan, over which are two bridges connecting it
with the parish of Belfast ; and is intersected by the
great Scottish road by way of Donaghadee. It com-
prises 8098^ statute acres, of which 6968| are in the
Upper and ll'igi in the Lower barony : the lands are
chiefly under tillage, and in a high state of cultivation •
200
there is neither bog nor waste land. Large quantities
of tobacco were grown previously to its cultivation being
prohibited. There are extensive quarries of clay-slate
for building, and for repairing the roads ; and on the
townland of Gillinahirk was lately opened a fine quarry of
basalt, of which a bridge has been built at Belfast over
the river Lagan, which is navigable along the whole
boundary of the parish. The surrounding scenery is
richly diversified, and within the limits of Knockbreda
are, Ormeau, the seat of the Marquess of Donegal ;
Belvoir Park, the residence of Sir R. Bateson, Bart. ;
Purdysburn, the splendid mansion of Narcissus Batt,
Esq., built after a design by Hopper, in 1825, in the
Elizabethan style ; Orangefield ; Fort Breda ; Cherry
Vale ; and Ravenhill.
Previously to 1658 there were two separate parishes,
called respectively Knock and Breda, and both rectories ;
but the church of the latter being in ruins, they were
united into one rectory at the restoration of Charles
II. The two villages long since disappeared, and a
parish church was in 1747 built in the village of New-
town-Breda, iL-hich see. The rectory is in the diocese of
Down, and in the patronage of Sir R. Bateson, who
purchased the advowsou in 1825 ; the tithe rent-charge
is £439. 14. The glebe-house was built in 1816, by a
gift of £100 and a loan of £825 from the Board of First
Fruits : the glebe comprises nearly 20 statute acres.
Ballymacarrett was formerly in this parish, but was
separated by act of parliament in 1825, and made a
distinct parish, by permission of the Rev. John Kinahan,
the rector, who had a church built by subscription, and
endowed the minister with £50 per annum out of the
tithes of Knockbreda, which sum was afterwards aug-
mented by the Board of First Fruits to £100 : the living
is in the gift of the Rector for the time being. There
are places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion
with the General Assembly, and Covenanters. Six
almshouses, built by subscription in 1810, were endowed
with £100 by the Rev. Mr. Pratt, late rector, who also
bequeathed £100 to the poor; to whom Lady JNIidleton,
in 1747, had left £50. On an eminence near the south-
eastern extremity of the parish, are the picturesque
ruins of Knock church ; and near them are the remains
of a cromlech, consisting of five large stones ; and a
Danish rath of conical form. Of Breda church there
are no remains, except the cemetery inclosed with a
high stone wall in Belvoir Park, in which is a small
mausoleum built by Arthur Hill Trevor, who was created
Viscount Dungannon in 1765.
KNOCKBRIDE, a parish, in the union of Coote-
HiLL, barony of Clonkee, county of Cavan, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 5 miles (N.) from Bailieborough, on
the road to Cootehill ; containing 10,603 inhabitants.
This parish comprises 18,693 statute acres, of which
857 are under water; there are about 1500 acres of
bog and waste, the remainder being good arable and
pasture land. Here is a large oatmeal-mill. A court
is held monthly at Corronary, by the seneschal of the
manor, for the recovery of debts under 40s. The living
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore, and
in the patronage of the Bishop; the tithe rent-charge
is £262. 10. The glebe-house, situated near the church,
was built in 1821 by a gift of £100 and a loan of £550
from the Board of First Fruits; the glebe comprises
188 acres. The church, a small but very neat edifice in
K N OC
K NO C
good repair, was built by a pift of £100 and a loan of
£5r)0 from the Board, in Ih'^O. The Roman Catholic
parish is co-extensive with that of the Ei^tablished
Church : there are two chajiels, one a good substantial
edifice, erected in IH'21; the other built more recently.
Here is also a place of worship for Presbyterians, and
one for Wesleynn Methodists.
KNOCKCOMON, or Knockmoon, a parish, in the
\inion of Navan, barony of Lower Dui.ekk, county of
Meath, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (S. E.) from
Slane ; on the road from ifftivan to Drogheda, and on
the river Boyne ; containing 1000 inhabitants. The
parish comprises S.'iOO statute acres. It is a curacy, in
the diocese of Meath, forming part of the union of
Duleek : the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of
Drogheda, to whom the tithe rent-charge, £111, is pay-
able. In the Roman Catholic divisions Knockcomon
forms part of the district of Donore, or Rosnaree, at
which latter place is a neat modern chapel; there is
another at the Cross of Rathdrinath.
KNOCKCROGHERY, a village, in the parish of
KiLLENVOY, barony of Athlone, union and county of
Roscommon, and province of Connaught, .5 miles
(S. E.) from Roscommon ; containing 163 inhabitants.
It consists of 46 houses, built on a hill ; and has fairs
on Aug. 'Z^nd and Oct. -i.'jth, the latter of which is a
large sheep-fair. Here is a constabulary police station ;
and the manufacture of tobacco-pipes is carried on to a
considerable extent.
KNOCKEA.— See Cahirvallagh.
KNOCKGRAFFON, a parish, in the union of Ca-
SHEL, barony of Middlethird, county of Tipperary,
and province of Munster, 4 miles (S.) from Cashel, on
the road to Cahir ; containing 3'296 inhabitants. It
comprises 9S73 statute acres, and is moderately well
cultivated ; there is no bog, and the waste land is
rapidly being brought into cultivation : here are several
limestone-quarries. The principal seats are Rockwell,
Westgrove, Garranlera, and Woodinstown. The parish
is a rectory, in the diocese of Cashel, episcopaliy united
in 1S03 to the rectory of Doggstown, and in the patron-
age of the Marquess of Ormonde; the tithe rent-charge
of Knockgraffon is £533. 1. 6., and of the entire bene-
fice £.5.53. 16. The glebe-house was budt in 1790, at a
cost exceeding £1400, by the then incumbent; the
glebe comprises 40 acres. The church is a neat edifice,
erected in 1*88 by parochial assessment. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a dis-
trict, called New Inn, comprising this parish and
Doggstown, in each of which is a chapel. The paro-
chial school-house, with an acre of land, was given by
the late rector. At Poolniucka is a dispensary. The
moat of Knockgraffon covers a very considerable area,
and, from its great elevation, forms a conspicuous
object : contiguous are the ruins of the old church and
of a castle ; and a town or large village is supposed to
have existed here formerly.
KNOCKLONG, or Long, a parish, in the union of
KiLMALLOCK, baronv of Costlea, county of Limerick,
and province of Mvnster, 6 miles (S. E.) from Bruff,
and on the road from Limerick to Mitchelstown ; con-
taining 1963 inhabitants. It comprises 444'2 statute
acres, about one-fourth of which is under tillage, and
the remainder consists of rich meadow and pasture land,
principally in large dairy-farras. The soil is in general
Vol. II.— •201
very good, being based on limestone, of which then- arc
two quarries ; here is also abundance of bog. A butter-
market is held on Tuesdays ; and fairs are held at
Knocklong on May '23rd and Oct. 1st, for fat-cattle,
sheep, and pigs ; the October fair has a large show of
horses : fairs are also held at Knocktoran, on March
3rd, April 6th, July 29th, Nov. 1st, and Dec. '20th.
The Moruing-Star river, which bounds the parish on
the southern side, contains very fine trout. Knocklong
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Emly, forming part of
the union of Aiiey ; the rectory is impropriate in the
Earl of Limerick, and the tithe rent-charge is £.316. 19-.
two-thirds payable to the impropriator, and one-third
to the vicar. There is a glebe of 6 acres. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a dis-
trict, and has chapels at Knocklong and Glenbrohanc.
The ruins of Knocklong Castle are on an eminence
commanding very extensive views ; it was the seat of
the O Hurleys, and near it are the remains of a church.
In the grounds of Ryves Castle is an ancient burial-
ground, with a lofty and handsome vault for the Lowe
family, who were formerly proprietors of the castle.
The Clangibbon family, also, had here the castle of
Ballinahinch.
KNOCKMARK, a parish, ia the union of DfN-
SHALGHLiN, barony of Lower Deece, county of
Meath, and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (W. by N.)
from Dunshaughlin, on the road to Trim ; containing
630 inhabitants. It comprises '28-6^ statute acres.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Meath, united by act of council, in 1811, to the vicarage
of Colmolyn, and held with the impropriate cures of
Derry and Kiltale ; it is in the gift of the Crown. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £150, and of the
entire benefice £'299- 1'2. 6. The glebe-house was built
in 1815, by a gift of £100 and a loan of £675 from the
late Board of First Fruits; the glebe here comprises
'29 acres, and there is also a glebe of five acres in Col-
molyn, valued at £10. 10. per annum. The church was
built in 1819, by a loan of £900 from the same Board.
In the Roman Cathohc divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Dunshaughlin.
KNOCKMOURNE, or Knockmore, a parish, in
the union of Fermoy, partly in the barony of Barry-
more, partly in that of Condons and Clongihbons,
but chiefly in that of Kinnataloon, county of Cork.
and province of Mxjn-ster, 6 miles (N. W.) from Tallow,
on the road to Rathcormac ; containing 3376 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 8836 statute acres, of which 75 are
woodland, '250 bog, and the remainder arable land ; the
soil is good, and there is much limestone and some
brownstone. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cloync,
united at an unknown period, by act of council, to the
vicarage of Ballynoe, and in the patronage of the
Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in the Corporation
of Waterford. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£80'2. 19. 6., which is equally divided between the im-
propriators and the vicar ; and the tithe of the entire
vicarial benefice is £630. 5. 6. The glebe-house was
built in 1 S*2S, by aid of a gift of £ 100 and a loan of £900
from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises
three acres. The church has been recently rebuilt at a
cost of £5S7, paid by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Knockmourne is the
head of a district, which includes the parishes of
'2 D
K NO
K NOC
Knockmoume, Ballynoe, and Mogealy, and has chapels
at Conna, Ballynoe, and Lisnabrint.
KNOCKMOY. — See Abbeyknockmoy.
KXOCKNEGAUL, a parish, iq the union of Lime-
rick, partly in the barony of Pubblebrien, county of
Limerick, and partly in the ancient county of the city
of Limerick, province of Munster, 4 miles (S.) from
Limerick, on the road to Fedamore j containing 1"230
inhabitants. This parish comprises llTi statute acres :
the land is in general good, and the system of agricul-
ture improving ; the fences are, however, very indif-
ferent, consisting of low walls of loose stones, except in
the neighbourhood of Leamonfield, where the country
is exceedingly interesting. The principal seats are Lea-
monfield and Ballyclough, both pleasantly situated, and
commanding some finely varied scenery. The living is
a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick j the
rectory forms part of the union of Nantinan and the
corps of the precentorship, and the vicarage part of the
union and corps of the prebend of Kilpeacon in the ca-
thedral of Limerick. The tithe rent-charge is £1*3. 1.6.,
of which £116. 3. are payable to the precentor, and the
remainder to the vicar. The glebe-house is a handsome
residence, built in 1817, by aid of a gift of £250 and a
loan of £550 from the Beard of First Fruits ; the glebe
comprises 11 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Loughmore. The
ruins of the church, which was destroyed during the
war of 1641, are close to the glebe-house.
KNOCKRATH, a parish, in the union of Rathdrum,
partly in the barony of Sovth Ballinacor, but chiefly
in that of North Ballinacor, county of Wicklow,
and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (N. W.) from Rath-
drum, on the road to Glendalough ; containing 2331
inhabitants. It is in and near the beautiful vale of
Clara; comprises 18,854:|: statute acres; and forms
part of the rectory and vicarage of Rathdrum, in the
diocese of Dublin and Glendalough : the tithe rent-
charge is £101. Divine service is performed by one of
the curates of Rathdrum, in a licensed chapel. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is in the district of
Rathdrum, and has a chapel in the village of Clara.
Here are some remains of an old castle, and a rath.
KNOCKTEMPLE, a parish, in the union of Kan-
TURK, barony of Duhallow, county of Cork, and
province of Munster, 10 miles (S. W.) from Charle-
ville, and on the new road from Newcastle to Mallow ;
containing 2'245 inhabitants. It is situated on the river
Allua, near the northern confines of the county, and
comprises 4618 statute acres. Part of the extensive
bog called the Red Bog is within its limits ; aud a vein
of culm has been discovered, but not yet worked. The
seats are. Castle Ishen, the family mansion of Sir James
Fitzgerald, Bart. ; and Gknfield, an old mansion be-
longing to the Boyle family. The living is a rectory, in
the diocese of Cloyne, united by act of council to the
impropriate cure of Kilbolane, constituting the union of
Knocktemple, in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £167. 10. ; and the entire income of the
benefice, including the stipend of the impropriate curacy,
£193. 13. 1. There is a glebe of 3 acres in this parish.
The church of the union is in Kilbolane. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions Knocktemple forms part of the
district of Freemount, which also comprises the parish
of Kilbolane and the greater part of Shandrum, and
20<2
contains the chapels of Freemount, Millford, and Kilbo-
lane. At Freemount, in this parish, is a national
school. Adjoining the mansion of Castle Ishen are the
ruins of the ancient structure from which it derives its
name.
KNOCKTOPHER, a town and parish (formerly a
parliamentary borough), in the union of Callan, barony
of Knocktopher, county of Kilkenny, and province
of Leinster, 10 miles (S.) from Kilkenny, on the road
to Waterford ; containing. 1968 inhabitants, of whom
46/ are in the town or village. This place was the
principal residence of the Butlers, earls of Ormonde, of
whom James, the second earl, in 1356, founded a mo-
nastery for Carmelite friars : the first prior, Henry
Brown, received two parts of the temporahties of the
see of Ossory, then in the king's hands ; and the last
prior, William, was made bishop of that diocese by
Edward VI. The site and revenues of the establish-
ment, at the Dissolution, were granted by Henry VIII.
to Patrick Barnwell ; and a regrant of the abbey and
lands was made by James I. to Sir Nicholas White,
Knt., from whose representatives the ancestor of the
present proprietor, the Rev. Sir Hercules Richard Lan-
grishe, purchased them. In 1365, the same Earl of
Ormonde obtained from Edward III. the grant of a
weekly market and several fairs ; and the town appears
to have enjoyed the privileges of a free borough by a
kind of prescriptive right, which was acknowledged in
a charter of James II. that never came into operation.
The castle was taken in 1649 by the parliamentarian
forces, commanded by Cromwell in person, aud by his
orders was immediately demolished. Knocktopher first
sent members to the Irish parliament in l66l, and con-
tinued to do so till the Union, when the borough was
disfranchised. The inhabitants by prescription chose a
portreeve, chiefly for the election of their representatives,
and in the charter of James II. the corporation is styled
the " Sovereign, Burgesses, and Commonalty ;" but
since the Union every municipal right has become
extinct. The place is at present merely a village, con-
taining 80 houses, of which several are neatly built ;
and has a post-office, and a constabulary police station.
Both market and fair have been discontinued.
The parish comprises 47221 statute acres, chiefly
under tillage ; limestone abounds, and lead-ore is fre-
quently found in the vicinit}'. Adjoining the village is
the seat of the Rev. Sir H. R. Langrishe, an ancient
mansion, part of which was the old abbey. The living
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory : it
■was united by act of council, in I676, to the rectories
and vicarages of Kilneddy, Aughaviller, Kiltorkiu, Der-
nahensy, Kilkeril, Kilkeasy, and Donemagan, together
forming the union of Knocktopher, in the patronage of
the Bishop ; but in 1839 the parishes of Aughaviller
and Kilkeasy were separated from it, and added to
Kilmoganny. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£132. The glebe-house is on a glebe of 12 acres, and
is a commodious house, with cheerful pleasure-grounds ;
there are other glebe lands in the union, comprising 25
acres. The church, for the repairs of which the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners in 1839 granted £114, is a
neat edifice with a spire. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is the head of a district called Bally-
hale, comprising also the parishes of Derrynahinch,
Aughaviller, and Kilkeasy, and part of the parishes of
LACK
LACK
Burncliurch, Jorpoint, and Kells ; and containing five
chapels, of which the chapel of Knocktopher is a neat
edifice lately built by a Carmelite friar, which, with his
house adjoining it, cost about £'3000 : a Cannehte
friary is about to be established here. There is an
allotment of r2 acres of land, given, by an Inclosure act
for the commons of Knocktopher, to found a parochial
school ; but the appropriation has been neglected, and
the ground taken possession of by the peasantry. A
dispensary has been established. There are some re-
mains of the ancient abbey, consisting of two arches of
one of the aisles, together with the tower of the church,
which in the lower part is square, and in the upper
octangular. No remains exist of the castle, but the
mount and fosse are still entire.
KYLE, or Clonfertmulloe, a parish, in the union
of RoscREA, barony of Clandonagh, Queen's county,
and province of Leinster, if mile (N. W.) from
Burros-iu-Ossory, on the road to Roscrea ; containing
1888 inhabitants. It comprises 71-16 statute acres.
Agriculture is improving ; there is little bog, but a con-
siderable quantity of mountain laud. Charleville, a
seat, the property of the White family, is situated in a
handsome demesne. The parish is a rectory and vicar-
age, in the diocese of Killaloe, forming part of the union
of Roscrea; the tithe rent-charge is £84. 16. 8. In
the Roman Catholic divisions Kyle is part of the dis-
trict of Roscrea, and contains a chapel. There is a
public school of '20 children, to which Sir C. Coote,
Bart., and the Rev. W. Roe contribute. Here are the
remains of an encampment ; of the church ; and of
Ballaghmore and Cloneurse Castles.
KYLE. — See Kilpatrick, county of Wexford.
LABASHEEDA, or Poundstreet, a village, in the
parish of Killofix, poor-law union of Kilrlsh, barony
of Clonderla-sv, county of Clare, and province of
MuNSTER, 4 miles (S. W.) from Kildysart, on the lower
road to Kilrush ; containing 12* houses, and 606 inha-
bitants. From its situation on the Shannon, a con-
siderable quantity of corn is brought to this village in
winter, and sent in boats to Limerick ; culm obtained
in the vicinity is also sent hence to Limerick, Eunis,
and other places : the erection of a small pier and quay
would be of great advantage to the trade. There is a
ferry across the Shannon to Tarbert. A court for Col.
Wyndham's manor of Cionderlaw is occasionally held
by the seneschal, for the recovery of small debts ; and a
constabulary police force is stationed in the village.
Near it is a large Roman Catholic chapel, a handsome
cruciform building. — See Killofin.
LACK, a village, in the parish of Magheracul-
MONEY, union of Lowtherstown, barony of Lurg,
county of Fermanaoh, and province of Ulster; con-
taining 99 inhabitants.
LACKAGH, a parish, in the barony of Clare, union
and county of Galway, and province of Connaught,
S miles (N. E. by N.) from Galway, on the road to Cas-
203
tle-Blakeney ; containing 'S:>.i'l inhabitants. In ir.04,
Mac William of Clanricarde, O'Brien of 'lliomond, and
other chieftains, suddeidy captured Galway, but were
soon afterwards defeated by the lord-deputy, the Earl
of Kildare, at Knock-tuadh, in this parish, with great
slaughter, when two of Mac William's sons were made
prisoners ; Galway was recovered, and Athcnry sur-
rendered. The parish comprises 1 '2,9965 statute acres.
It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, forming part of
the union of Annaghdown ; the rectory forms the corps
of the prebend of Lackagh in the cathedral of Tuam,
and the tithe rent-charge is £153. 7- 6., of which £75
are payable to the prebendary, and the remainder to
the vicar. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive
with that of the Established Church, and contains a
chapel.
LACKAGH, a parish, in the union of Athv, barony
of West Oi-haly, county of Kii.dare, and province of
Leinster, 2| miles (\V.) from Kildare ; on the road
to Monastereven, and on the Grand Canal ; containing
1595 inhabitants. It comprises 8316 statute acres.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Kildare, united
to the vicarage of Doneny, and in the gift of the Arch-
bishop ; the tithe rent-charge of Lackagh is £193. 16.
11., and the value of the whole benefice £'2'26. II. .').
The glebe-house was erected by aid of a loan of £415
and a gift of £323 from the Board of First Fruits, in
I8I6; the glebe of the union comprises 19 acres. The
church was rebuilt by aid of a grant from the same
Board, in 1838. There are some remains of a castle
that belonged to the Fitzgeralds ; and of Mount Rice, a
large mansion erected by the Rice family.
LACKAN, a parish, in the union of Balli.va,
barony of Tyrawley, county of Mayo, and province of
Connaught, 4^ miles (N. W.) from Killala, and on the
north-western coast ; containing 2943 inhabitants, and
comprising 7338 statute acres. The land is partly under
tillage and partly in pasture ; there are large tracts of bog
and reclaimable mountain, and some quarries of freestone,
limestone, and slate. Copper is supposed to e.xist at Cas-
tlerea, and there is a fine fishery at Baltra. The princi-
pal seats are. Castle Lackan, Curramorc, Ileathfield, and
Lissadrone, which last commands views of the bay of
Killala and of the Sligo, Leitrim, and Donegal moun-
tains, and in the grounds of which are nine Danish forts,
and a very strong chalybeate spring. The living is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Killala, episcopally united to
those of Tcmplemurry and Kilcummin, and in the pa-
tronage of the Bishop ; the rectory forms the corps of
the prebend of Lackan in the cathedral of Killala. The
tithe rent-charge is £165, of which £75 are payable to
the prebendary, and the remainder to the vicar : the
entire tithe of the benefice amounts to £180. 15. The
glebe-house was built in 1777; the glebe consists of
2(f acres. The church has been lately rebuilt, at a cost
of £837, paid by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In
the Roman Catholic divisions Lackan is the head of a
district, comprising this parish and Kilcummin, and has
a chapel.
LACKANALOOHA, a village, in the parish and
union of Mallow, barony of Fermoy, county of
Cork, and province of Munster ; containing 163 inha-
bitants.
LACKEEN, a parish, in the barony of Orrery and
KiLMORE, union of Mallow, county of Cork, and
2 D2
L A H I
province of Muxster, 1^ mile (W.) from Churchtown,
on the road to Liscarrol ; containing 79 inhabitants.
It comprises only the townlands of Lackeen and Gra-
nard, containing ^SO statute acres. The land is of
excellent quality, and chiefly in tillage; limestone is
quarried for burning, lime being generally used for
manure, and the state of agriculture has been much
improved. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of
Cloyne, forming the corps of the prebend of Lackeen in
the cathedral of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the
Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £23. 5. The occa-
sional duties are discharged by the curate of Church-
town. In the Roman Cathohc divisions Lackeen is
part of the union of Liscarrol. The ruins of the church
still remain, in the burial-ground.
LADIES-BRIDGE, a village, in the parish of
Ightermurr.^gh, union of Midleton, barony of Imo-
KiLLY, county of Cork, and province of Munster,
]i mile (S.) from Castle-Martyr, on the road to Bally-
cotton ; containing 45 houses, and 243 inhabitants.
Here is the Roman Catholic chapel for the district of
Ightermurragh, Garryvoe, and Bohilane ; near which is
a male and female national school.
LADYS-ISLAND, Wexford.— See Mary's (St.).
LADYTOWN, a parish, in the union of N.\as,
barony of Connell, county of Kildare, and province
of Leinster, 2| miles (S. W.) from Naas ; containing
292 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the
river Liffey, comprises 2682^ statute acres. It is a
perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Kildare, forming part
of the union of Great Connell ; the rectory is impro-
priate in Sir T. Molyneu.x, Bart., Sir G. Cockburn,
K.G.H., and A. Rourke, Esq. The tithe rent-charge is
£71. 12., of which £4". 14. 8. are payable to the im-
propriators, and £23. 17. 4. to the curate. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the union
or district of Caragh and Downings.
LAGAN, county of Longford. — See Kilglass.
LAGHY, a village, in the parish of Drumhome,
union of Donegal, barony of Tvrhugh, county of
Donegal, and province of Ulster; containing 159
inhabitants.
LAHAN, an island, in the parish of Templecrone,
union of Glenties, barony of Boylagh, county of
Donegal, and province of Ulster. It is situated on
the coast called the Rosses, and comprises 33g: statute
acres.
LAHINCH, or Lahenzy, a village, in the parish
of KiLMANAHEEN, uuion of Enxistymon, county of
Clare, and province of Munster, 2 miles (W.) from
Ennistymon, and on the bay of Liscanor, on the
western coast ; containing 107 houses, and 433 inha-
bitants. This place has of late rapidly advanced on
account of its fine bathing-strand, situated at the inner
extremity of the bay, and much resorted to during the
season. The roads in the vicinity have been greatly
improved ; and a bridge over the estuary of the river
luagh between this place and Liscanor has been re-
cently completed, and allows of an uninterrupted drive
along the coast from Miltown-Malbay to the cliffs of
Moher. The village affords good accommodation for
visiters, and races are generally held every season for
their amusement. In the vicinity are the natural curi-
osities called the " Puffing "Holes " and the "Dropping
Well ;" the former is described under the head of Mil-
204
LAMB
town-Malbay ; the latter is similar to the dropping well
at Knaresborough, in Yorkshire : the surrounding
scenery is extremely picturesque and diversified. In
the village is the Roman Catholic chapel for this por-
tion of the district of Ennistymon.
LALLYSCROSS, a village, in the parish of Castle-
MAGNER, union of Kanturk, barony of Duhallow,
county of Cork, and province of Munster ; contain-
ing 166 inhabitants.
LAMBAY, an island, in the parish of Portrane,
union of Balrothery', barony of Nethercross, county
of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (E. S. E.)
from Rush ; containing 89 inhabitants. This island,
which is situated off the eastern coast, appears to have
belonged at an early period to the cathedral establish-
ment of Christ Church, Dublin. By license from Ed-
ward VI., in the 5th of his reign, it was, with the
consent of the chapter, granted by the archbishop to
John Challonor and his heirs, at a fee-farm rent of
£6. 13. 4., for the use of a colony which he had brought
to inhabit it, on condition that within six years he
should build a town for the habitation of fishermen,
with a place of defence surrounded by a wall and ditch,
and a convenient harbour for their boats. In the reign
of Elizabeth the island was granted to Archbishop
Ussher, who resided here for a considerable time, dur-
ing which he is said to have written part of his works ;
after his decease it was purchased from his representa-
tives by the family of Talbot, who are its present pro-
prietors. It is about four miles in circumference, and
forms an elevated ridge, with rocky knolls and cragged
brows, strongly contrasting with the flat sandy shore of
the main land, appearing like the last off-set of the
Wicklow mountains in this direction, and corresponding
with the detached heights of Ireland's-Eye, Howth, and
Dalkey, at the opposite extremity. The isle comprises
595| statute acres, and is watered with numerous
streams, and susceptible of cultivation, to which a por-
tion of it has been subjected ; it abounds with rabbits,
sea-parrots, puffins, and Cornish choughs. The rocky
grounds surrounding the island form a plentiful lob-
ster and crab fishery, and are much frequented by the
Lough Shinny fishermen, who carry on a lucrative
trade here.
The channel between Lambay and the main land at
Rush Point and Portrane, is about three miles wide ;
and 200 yards from the west end is the Burrin rock,
dry at half tide, and on which a perch is placed : be-
tween it and the island are four fathoms of water.
About a quarter of a mile from the north-western ex-
tremity of the island, or Scotch Point, is a cluster of
rocks called " the Tailors," on which a beacon is placed ;
and between these rocks is a pier-harbour, built by a
grant of £591. 11. from the late Fishery Board, and of
£451. 7. from the proprietor, who afterwards obtained
a sum from government for its completion. It has
four feet depth at the entrance at low water, and small
vessels may find good anchorage and shelter from the
north-east and south-east gales. On the northern side
of Lambay is the Cardurris rock : the remainder of the
shore is lofty and precipitous, with clear ground at a
short distance ; and vessels may anchor in safety to
leeward. Upon the south-eastern side is a spacious
cavern, called " Seal Hole," from the number of seals
that breed there ; on the north side, between the Tailors
LAMB
LANE
.•xnd Cardurris rock, is a cavern about l.'iO feet in
length, with stalagmites rising from the floor, and sta-
lactites depending from the roof. Experienced pilots
for the Dublin coast, and supplies of excellent spring
water, may always be obtained here ; and on the island
is a coast-guard station. The geological features are
chiefly trap-rock, greenstone in massive beds, green-
stone-porphyry alternating with small strata of clay-
slate, conglomerate sandstone well adapted for mill-
stones, greywacke, and greywacke-slate ; the porphyry
is found in abundance, and is susceptible of a very high
polish : indications of copper are found. The castle
erected here by Challonor is of polygonal form, and is
occasionally inhabited by Lord Talbot de Malahide. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the island forms part of
the district of Rush ; the first stone of a chapel was
laid in 1833, by his lordship. There is an old burying-
ground ; also a well dedicated to the Holy Trinity.
LAMBECi, a parish, in the union of Lisburn,
partly in the baronies of Upper Belfast and Upper
Massereene, county of Antrim, but chiefly in the
barony of Upper Castlereagh, county of Down, and
province of Ulster, '2^ miles (N.) from Lisburn, and
<m the old road from Belfast to Dublin ; containing
1967 inhabitants, of whom '218 are in the village. This
parish, which is situated on the river Lagan, comprises
1.567 statute acres, of which 3765 are in the county of
Antrim. The land is good, and the system of agricul-
ture improved ; the surrounding scenery is pleasingly
diversified. Lambeg House is a handsome modern
mansion, formerly belonging to J. Williamson, Esq.,
author of an able treatise on the linen trade, and framer
of the laws by which it is now regulated throughout
Ireland ; he was much persecuted for framing those
laws, and was driven from his house and his native
country by an infuriated mob. Chrome Hill, also a
spacious modern mansion, was erected by R. Nevin,
Esq., late of Manchester, who established here some
e.xtensive works for printing muslin, in which he first
applied with success his invention of the " Ba Chrome,"
now universally used, and also introduced the oxyde of
chrome into the ornamental department of the china
manufacture, from which circumstance he named his
estate. The village is about a mile north of Lisburn,
with which and also with Belfast it is connected by
houses continued along the road between those towns.
The blanket manufacture established by the Wolfenden
family, who settled in this part of the country about
two centuries since, is still carried on. On the Lagan
are two large bleach- greens ; and further down the
stream is the extensive printing establishment of Mr.
Nevin, the buildings of which are capacious, and fur-
nished with every modern improvement in machinery.
The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Con-
nor, and in the patronage of the Bishop, to whom the
rectory is appropriate as mensal, but the whole of the
tithe rent-charge, amounting to £78, is given by him to
the curate. The glebe-house was built in IS'25, at a
cost of £700, whereof £450 were a gift and £'200 a
loan from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe consists
of 15 acres. The church occupies the site of an ancient
monastery, said to have been founded in the loth century
by Mac Donell for Franciscan friars of the third order ;
it is a handsome edifice in the Grecian style, with a
tower at the west end. and was enlarged in 18'24 by a
'205
loan of £ 1 50 from the Board. There is a place of wor-
ship for Presbyterians in connexion with the (iencral
Assembly. From a part of the churchyard being called
the Nuns" Garden, it has been supposed that there was
a nunnery here ; but no account of such an establish-
ment is extant.
LANESBOROUGH, a market and post town (for-
merly a parliamentary borough), in the union of Ros-
common, partly in the parish of Clontuskert, barony
of SoT.TH Ballintouber, county of Roscommon, ami
province of Connaugiit, but chiefly in the parish and
barony of Rathcline, county of Longford, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 8 miles (\V. S. W.) from Longford,
on the road to Roscommon, and 66y (W. by N.) from
Dublin; containing 581 inhabitants. This town de-
rived its name from Sir G. Lane, whose lands of Bally-
leagh and others in the county of Longford were erected
into the manor of Lanesborough by charter of Charles
II. in the 17th of his reign ; and to whom was also
granted a court baron, with jurisdiction to the amount
of 40a-., and a court of record for the determination of
pleas to the amount of £'200. The same charter con-
stituted the town a free borough, under a sovereign and
two bailiffs, who were annually elected, and of whom
the former, with his deputy, was a justice of the peace ;
1'2 burgesses, elected by a majority of their own body
as vacancies occurred ; and an indefinite number of
freemen, admitted by the burgesses, by whom also a
recorder, town-clerk, serjeant-at-mace, and other officers
were to be appointed. The corporation continued to
return two members to the Irish parliament till the
Union, when the borough was disfranchised. For some
time prior to the Union the corporation had exercised
scarcely any other municipal duty than that of return-
ing the members to parliament, and since that period it
has become quite extinct.
The town is advantageously situated for trade on the
river Shannon, over which are a beautiful new bridge
of seven arches, and a swivel-bridge ; erected by the
commissioners for the improvement of the navigation
of the Shannon, in IS44, and connecting the counties of
Roscommon and Longford. The chief trade is the
exportation of corn, pigs, and eggs, of which vast quan-
tities are scut by the Shannon ; eggs are also sent to
Dublin by the Royal Canal from Killashee, to which
place they are conveyed from Lanesborough by land
carriage. The market, which is abundantly supplied
with agricultural produce, is on AVcdnesday, and a fair
is held on the l'2th of February. The town has a sub-
post office to Longford ; and a constabulary police sta-
tion. About a mile to the south is Rathcline, the seat
of a branch of the White family, proprietors of the
town, pleasingly situated at the base nf Rathcline hill
and on the shore of Lough Rec ; and on the bank of
the Shannon, about the same distance from the town,
is Clonbony, commanding a fine view of the river and
the town. The parish church of Rathcline, the chancel
of which is in ruins, is situated here ; and there are a
Roman Catholic chapel, and a dispensary. Adjoining
the church, are the shattered remains of a large tower,
which is said to have been destroyed from the opposite
side of the river by the army of James II. Lanes-
borough gives the title of Earl to a branch of the family
of Butler, of Newtown, in which it was revived after it
had become extinct in the family of Lane.
LANG
LANGFIELD, EAST, or UPPER, a parish, in the
union and barony of Omagh, county of Tyrone, and
province of Ulster, 6 miles (W.) from Omagh, con-
taining, with the market-town of Drumquin (which is
separately described), 314.3 inhabitants. The old parish
of LangBeld was, in ISOO, divided by act of council into
the two parishes of East and West Langfield ; the for-
mer portion comprises 97l6i statute acres, of which
22^ are water. The land in some parts is good, but
the soil is generally light, particularly near the moun-
tains, which, though lofty, afford good pasturage for
cattle ; the system of agriculture is slowly improving,
and there is an extensive tract of bog. Excellent free-
stone is found at Claremore, and in several parts of the
parish are indications of coal. The principal seats are
Drumrane Lodge and Burle's Folly. The manufacture
of linen is carried on in the farmhouses to a consider-
able e.\tent. The townland of Magheraney, on which
is the church, is the property of the Bishop of Derry.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and
in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is
£183. 15. The glebe-house, a good residence, was built
in 1803, by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of £600
from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises
26 Cunningham acres. The church, which was erected
in 1803, is a small neat edifice with a square tower;
the Board of First Fruits gave £500 towards its erec-
tion, and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently
granted £254 towards its repair. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish, with that of West Lang-
field, forms the district of Langfield ; there is a place of
worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General
Assembly. About a quarter of a mile from the parish
church are the remains of an ancient church, with a
burial-ground.
LANGFIELD, WEST, or LOWER, a parish, in the
union of Castlederg, barony of Omagh, county of
Tyrone, and province of Ulster, 8 miles (W.) from
Omagh, and on the road from Londonderry to Ennis-
kiUen ; containing 5094 inhabitants. The parish com-
prises 23,906| statute acres, of which 1*6 are water,
and about 67OO mountain and bog. The mountains
afford good pasturage for cattle and sheep, and their
declivities are in a state of progressive cultivation ; a
great portion of the bog is also being rapidly reclaimed,
and the system of agriculture is fast improving. In
Dunwest are extensive beds of coal in three strata, all
easy of access ; but though at every flood large masses
are detached by the river Poe, and carried down the
stream, no attempt has yet been made to work them :
coal of very good quality is also found in other parts
of the parish. In Kerlis are valuable quarries of free-
stone, from which was raised the stone for the portico
of the court-house of Omagh and for other public
edifices ; the higher mountains, of which Dooish rises
1119 feet above the level of the sea, are of mica-slate.
The river Poe rises in the mountains, and after passing
through Drumquin falls into the river Foyle, about two
miles below Omagh ; there are several lakes in the
parish, the largest of which is 58 acres in extent. The
inhabitants combine with their agricultural pursuits the
weaving of linen, and many of the females are em-
ployed in spinning linen and cotton yarn ; there are a
small tuck-mill for dressing home-made woollen-cloth,
and several corn-mills. The parish is partly within
206
LARA
the bishop's manor of Derg, and partly in that of Hast-
ings, which was granted to Sir J. Davies by James I.,
under the name of Clonaghmore, and for which a court
is held at Drumquin monthly, for the recovery of debts
under 40s.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-
charge is £221. IS. The glebe-house is a good and
comfortable residence, situated near the church on a
glebe of 50 acres, and embosomed in thriving planta-
tions ; there are also belonging to the rectory 10 town-
lands at Gortnasoal, about three miles distant, compris-
ing together 1650 acres, of which about one-half are
under cultivation, and the remainder mountain and bog.
The church is a neat edifice. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish, together with that of East Lang-
field, constitutes the district of Langfield ; a large chapel
at Drumquin serves for both parishes. The parochial
school is principally supported by the rector, who in
1820 erected a house for the master on the glebe, and
assigned an excellent garden ; he also erected a school-
house for another on the glebe at Loughmulharn, which
he also supports. Some extensive remains exist of the
spacious and handsome castle of Kerlis, or Curlews,
built by Sir John Davies, prior to 1619, upon the
manor of Clonaghmore, with freestone found on the
spot, with which he likewise constructed a road eight
feet wide and seven miles in length, leading over moun-
tains and morasses, to his other castle on the Derg ;
much of the road may still be traced near the castle,
paved with large blocks of stone. There are forts in
various parts of the parish, some of which are very large
and tolerably perfect.
LARACOR, a parish, in the union of Trim, barony
of Lower Moyfenragh, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster ; containing, with the post-town of
Summerhill (which is separately described), 2682 inha-
bitants. The parish comprises 8335 statute acres, of
which about two-thirds are under tillage ; the remainder,
with the exception of some bog near Summerhill, is
good pasturage. The western part consists of limestone-
gravel, and the eastern of a strong clayey loam. The
principal seats are Rock Lodge, Freffans, Spring Valley,
Baymount, and Adamstown. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage
of the Crown; the tithe rent-charge is £311. 11. The
glebe-house was built in 1813, by aid of a gift of £200
and a loan of £550 from the Board of First Fruits;
the glebe comprises 21 acres. The church is an ancient
edifice, which it is intended to rebuild; it contains a
handsome monument to the memory of Sir Colley Wel-
lesley, Knt., this having been the burial-place of the
Wellesley, as it still is of the Perceval, family. In the
former parochial school-house at Summerhill, now used
as a sessions-house, divine service is performed on
Sunday evenings. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, called Summerhill,
which includes the parishes of Laracor, Agher, Drum-
largan, and Gallow ; there is a chapel at Dangan, in
Laracor, and another at Gallow. At Summerhill is a
place of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with
the Synod of Munster, the minister of which receives
an annual grant of royal bounty. The parochial school
is now at Dangan, and there is a school at Rocklodge ;
a school in Summerhill is under the patronage of the
L A R N
Prt'sbytoriau minister ; and a national school is attached
to the chapel at Dangan. Here arc the ruins of Dangau
Castle, which was the manorial seat of the Wellesleys,
and in which the Duke of Wellington, the Marquess
Welleslcy, and Lords Maryborough and Cowley were
born. It was a splendid residence, surrounded by a
noble demesne, but was burnt some years since, and is
now the property of Major Burrowes. Of Knights-
brook, formerly the handsome residence of the Perceval
family, only the oflices remain. This parish was for
several years the residence of Dr. Jonathan Swift, after-
wards Dean of St. Patrick's, who was instituted to the
living in 1699; and of Esther Johnson, known by the
poetic name of Stella.
LARAGHBRYAN.— See Maynooth.
LARAH, a parish, in the union of Cootehill,
partly in the barony of Upper Loughtek, but chiefly in
that of Tui.LAGHG.vRVEY, couuty of Cavan, and pro-
vince of Ulster ; containing, with the post-town of
Stradone, 8558 inhabitants. It comprises 17,'28^i
statute acres, including I8O5 of water; 5166^ are in
Upper Loughtee, and 12,116 in Tullaghgarvey. The
state of agriculture is rather backward, and in the
upper part of the parish is a quantity of bog : there are
quarries of limestone, which is used for building and as
manure. The principal seats are, Stradone House, a
handsome structure in a well-planted demesne ; and
Ravenswood. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Kilmore, forming part of the union of Drung ; the
rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Westmeath.
The tithe rent-charge is £319. 1 1., of which £ 166. 10.
are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to
the vicar : the parochial glebe comprises 550 acres.
The church, built in ISS-i, by a gift of £900 from the
Board of First Fruits, is a neat and commodious edifice.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this district is divided
into Upper and Lower Larah, and has chapels at Larah
and Clcffernah. On the townland of Knockatoother is a
very remarkable cairn, and several Danish raths are
scattered over the parish.
LARNE, a sea-port, market and post town, a parish,
and the head of a union, in the barony of Upper Glen-
arm, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 1 1
miles (N.) from Carrickfergus, and 97 (N. by E.) from
Dublin, on the road from Belfast to Ballycastle ; con-
taining 3515 inhabitants, of whom 2937 are in the town,
which extends into the parish of Inver, and contains
altogether 3345 inhabitants. This place is situated on
the shore of Lough Lame, which was formerly called
Olderfleet and gave name to a castle budt on the
extreme point of the promontory of Curraan, which
forms the small bay adjacent to the town. This fortress,
under the protection of which the town arose, is sup-
'posed to have been erected by a Scottish family named
Bisset, to whom a settlement on this part of the coast
had been granted by Henry III., and to have been sub-
sequently improved by the English. Edward Bruce
landed here in 1315, with an army of 6000 men for the
conquest of Ireland ; and Hugh Bisset forfeited his
possessions by taking part in the rebellion. These were
subsequently claimed in right of the same family, by
James Mac Donnell, Lord of Cantyre, and after his
death were granted by Queen Elizabeth during her
pleasure to his son Angus, on condition that he should
carry arms only under the crown of England, and pay
207
L A R \
annually a certain number of hawks and cattle. Ohltr-
fleet Castle was at that time considered so important a
defence against the Scots, that in 1569, it was entrusted
to Sir Moyscs Hill; but it was dismantled in ir,98.
James I., in 1603, granted the entire headland to Sir'
Randal Mac Donnell, surnamed Sorlcy-Boy ; and in
1612 gave the castle and lands to Sir Arthur Chichester,
together with the right of ferry between tliis place and
Island-Magee. During the disturbances of 1798, the
town was attacked by the insurgent army from Hally-
mena, but the assailants were repulsed by the Tay fenci-
bles, assisted by the yeomanry and inhabitants.
The TOWN is beautifully situated on the eastern coast,
and is divided into the Old and New towns, containing
together 584 houses, most of which arc well built, and
of very neat appearance : the streets in the Old town
are narrow and inditfereutly paved ; the New town con-
sists of one long and regular street, in which the houses
are of stone. There are two public libraries, sup-
ported by subscription, both containing good collections.
During the last century a very extensive trade was
carried on in salt, of which large quantities prepared
here from rock-salt imported from Liverpool were sent
from this port to Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Russia,
and Prussia ; the duties paid thereon, on the average,
amounted to £18,000 per annum. About the middle
of the last century, this was the only port in the north
of Ireland from which emigrant vessels sailed. The
present trade consists chiefly in the exportation of
linens, oats, beans, flour, occasionally black-cattle, and
a very considerable quantity of lime ; and in the im-
portation of coal, slates, wheat, and North American
timber. The gross value of the exports in a recent
year, exclusively of lime, was £66,309, of which £16,372
were for corn, meal, and flour, £9937 in provisions, and
£40,000 in linens ; the imports in the same year were
£7255, whereof £5050 were coal, culm, &c. The num-
ber of vessels that entered inwards during the year was
340, of the aggregate burthen of 13,517 tons, and of
which 298 were from British ports and 42 employed in
the coasting-trade; and during the same year, 113
vessels, of the aggregate burthen of 4329 tons, cleared
out from Larne, of which 64 were bound to British
ports and 49 were coasters. The port is a member of
that of Belfast, and has an excellent harbour for small
vessels, for which there is good anchorage between the
Curraan and the peninsula of Island-Magee, in two or
two and a half fathoms, quite land-locked ; great num-
bers of vessels from Scotland anchor off this place, while
waiting for their cargoes of lime from the Maghramorne
works, in the parish of Glynn. There are some good
quays on both sides of the lough, about a mile from
the town ; the water being too shallow to float vessels
further up. The royal military road along the coast
passes through Larne. A branch of the Belfast Bank
has been established. In the excise arrangements the
town is within the district of Lisburn. The market is
on Tuesday ; a great market is held on the first .Monday
of every mcnith ; and there are fairs on Dec. 1st and July
31st, for black-cattle, a few inferior horses, and pigs.
A constabulary police force has been established ; also
a coast-guard station belonging to the Carrickfergus
district. A court for the nTanor of Glenarm is held
here every six weeks, and petty-sessions every alternate
week.
L ATT
The parish comprises 2210 statute acres of good arable
and pasture land ; the system of agriculture is slowly
improving, and there is neither waste laud nor bog.
Limestone abounds, and is quarried both for building
•and agricultural purposes ; at Ballycraigey, about a
mile to the north of the town, is a quarry of felspar,
worked occasionally for building ; and at Bankhead a
fine stratum of coal has been discovered, but is not
worked. The principal seats are, Gardenmore, an elegant
villa; and the Curraan. The living is a perpetual
curacy, in the diocese of Connor, and in the patronage
of the Dean; the tithe rent-charge is £102, of which
£92. 16. 8. are payable to the curate, who receives also
£23. S. from Primate Boulter's fund. The glebe-house
was built in 1824, by a gift of £450 and a loan of £50
from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 3^:
acres. The church, previously to its alteration in 1S19,
had some interesting details of ancient architecture. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Carrickfergus and Larue ; a chapel was
erected here in 1832 by subscription. There are places
of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the
General Assembly, and with the Presbytery of Antrim ;
also for Wesleyan Methodists. A dispensary is sup-
ported by subscription. The workhouse of the union,
ou a site of 5^ acres purchased for £477, "as completed
in 1S42, at a cost of £4989, and is constructed to con-
tain 400 paupers. There are some remains of the
ancient castle of Olderfleet, on the promontory of Cur-
raan. On the sea side, about a mile north of the town,
is a cavern called the Black Cave, passing under the
projecting base of a huge rock ; the length of the cave,
which is open at both ends, is 60 feet, and its height
from 3 to 30 feet ; the sides are formed of basaltic
columns of large dimensions. On the shore of the
lough, near Larne, are some singular petrifactions of a
blue colour, apparently the result of a spring issuing
from a bank at high-water mark. In a short road lead-
ing from the east to the north of the town is a chaly-
beate spring, at present little used.
LATTERAGH, a parish, in the barony of Upper
Ormond, county of Tipperary, and province of Mun-
STER, 35 miles (N. by W.) from Burris-o'-leagh, and on
the new line of road from Nenagh to Clonmel ; con-
taining 1132 inhabitants. This place was celebrated at
a very early period for its monastery, the foundation of
which is uncertain. It became an extensive seat of
learning; and St. Odran of Leatrach-odhraiu, who died
in 548, presided over the establishment, in which were
at that time not less than 3000 monks. In 1304, the
neighbourhood was laid waste by Tirlogh, son of Teig-
Caoluiske, King of Thomond, who spared only the
churches and the dwellings of the clergy. From this
period no further notice of the monastery occurs,
neither are there any remains of the buildings. The
parish comprises 406.t statute acres. The li.ing is a
rectory, in the diocese of Killaloe, united at a period
unknown to the rectory and vicarage of Innisdadrom,
together constituting the corps of the precentorship in
the cathedral of Killaloe, in the patronage of the Bishop.
The tithe rent-charge is £103. I7. There is neither
church, glebe-house, nor glebe.
LATTIN, a parish, in the union of Tipperary,
barony of Clanwilliam, county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, 4| miles (S. W.) from Tipperary;
208
L A ^' A
containing 785 inhabitants. It comprises 2276 statute
acres, principally in pasture and of a superior quality.
A fair is held at Knockordan on Nov. 7th. Here is
Mooresfort, the handsome seat of the Moore family,
situated in a well-planted demesne. The living is a
rectory, in the diocese of Emly, united at a period un-
known to the rectory of Bruis and the vicarages of
Corroge, Clonpet, and Cordangan, which union till lately
formed the corps of the prebend of Lattin in Emly
cathedral, in the gift of the Bishop of Cashel. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £73. 6. 6. ; and the
total annual value of the late prebendal union, before
the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £356. There
is neither church, glebe-house, nor glebe. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions Lattin is the head of a district
comprising the parishes of Lattin, Cullen, Shronell,
Bruis, and Clonpet, and containing a neat chapel at
Lattin and one at Cullen.
LAUCORAN.— See Lickoran.
LAURENCETOWN, a village, in the parish of
Clonfert, union of Ballinasloe, barony of Long-
ford, county of Galway, and province of Con naught,
6 miles (S.) from Ballinasloe, on the road to Eyrecourt,
under which places it has a receiving-house for letters ;
containing 82 houses, and 397 inhabitants. This is a
chief constabulary police station, and petty-sessions are
held weekly on Thursday. A considerable quantity of
wooden- ware and furniture is manufactured here ; and
fairs are held on May Sth, Aug. 22nd, and Dec. 15th,
for cattle, sheep, and pigs. The Roman Catholic chapel
for this district, situated in the village, is a good modern
building ; the Wesleyan Methodists also have a chapel
here, and support a school. The seats in the vicinity
are, Bellevue, or Liscreaghan, an extensive and well-
wooded demesne containing a number of remarkably
fine cedars of Lebanon and evergreen- oaks ; Gortna-
mona; Somerset House ; and Ballymore Castle, a forti-
fied structure erected in 1620, and modernised at a con-
siderable expense in 1815. Near the village, also, are
the ruins of the castle of O'Hill, from which it formerly
took the name of Ohillmore.
LAVAY, or Lowey, a parish, in the barony of Up-
per Loughtee, union and county of Cavan, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 4 miles (E. by S.) from Cavan, on the
road to Virginia ; containing 5931 inhabitants. It com-
prises 10,679 statute acres, of which '6^ are water.
The land is highly cultivated ; there are some large
tracts of bogs, affording an abundant supply of fuel.
The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore, and
in the patronage of the Bishop : the rectory is impro-
priate in the Marquess of Westmeath. The tithe rent-
charge is £289. 13. 9., of which £115. 6. 3. are payable
to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar.
The church, a very neat edifice, was erected in 1822, by
aid of a gift of £900 from the Board of First Fruits, and
has been repaired by a grant of £152 from the Ecclesi-
astical Commissioners. There is no glebe-house ; the
glebe consists of 220 acres. The Roman Catholic pa-
rish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church,
and contains the Upper chapel, built in 1820, and the
Lower chapel, recently built, at an expense of nearly
£2000, on a site given by Major G. Burrowes. Here
are some Danish raths ; and several heads of battle-axes
and brazen spears were discovered on an artificial island
while draining Lake Lavey in 1832.
LEA
L E A
LAYDE, a grange, in the uniun of Ballycastle,
barony of Lower Glenarm, county of Antrim, and
province of Ulster, 4^ miles (\V.) from Cushendall ;
containing 369 inhabitants. It comprises "834 statute
acres ; and is extra-parochial, never having paid church
cess or tithes. There being no provision for the cure of
souls, the members of the Established Church attend the
parish church of Layde.
LAYDE, a parish, in the union of Ballycastle,
barony of Lower Glenarm, county of Antrim, and
province of Ulster ; containing, with the post-town of
Cushendall (which is separately described), 4218 in-
habitants. This parish, called also Cushendall, from its
post-town, and Newtowii-Gleim, from its situation in the
centre of the Glyns, was the residenceof the Mac Auleys
of the Glyns, who joined the standard of Mac Donnel at
the celebrated battle of Aura, in 1569, after which the
combined armies spent some days in festivity on the
mountain of Trostan, where they raised a cairn, still
called " Coslin Sorley-Boy." The parish comprises,
exclusively of the Granges of Layde and Innispollan,
20,476^ statute acres, one-third of which is arable, and
the remainder chiefly in pasture. The surface is undu-
lating, and in parts mountainous j in the low grounds
are some good meadow lands ; the valleys are well cul-
tivated, and the mountainous districts afford tolerable
pasturage. Here are quarries of coarse freestone and
of white limestone, which latter is burnt for manure.
Salmon and many other kinds of fish are found in the
rivers, and on the coast of this parish ; which is skirted
by the coast-road from Belfast to the Giants' Causeway,
and intersected by the royal military road. On the
former road is a splendid viaduct over the river Glendon,
connecting Layde with Culfeightrin and the barony of
Glenarm with that of Carey. The seats are Mount
Edward and Glenville. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Connor, and in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the tithe rent-charge is £176. There is no glebe-house ;
the glebe comprises 7 acres. A church was built about
a mile from Cushendall in 1800, but having gone to
ruin, another was built in the town in 1831, by aid of
£900 from the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
called Cushendall, including this parish and Ardclinis,
and containing chapels at Cushendall and Redbay. A
parochial school is partly supported by the rector ; and
F. Turnley, Esq., has built a good house for a national
school. There is a dispensary. The ancient church is
in ruins, but the cemetery is still used : a stone was
lately found which had fallen from the dilapidated gable
of the church, with the figures 696 carved on it, sup-
posed to be the date of the erection of the edifice.
Ossian is said to have been born here.
LEA, or Ley, a parish, in the union of Mount-
Mellick, barony of Portnehinch, Queen's county,
and province of Leinster, on the road from Dublin to
Maryborough ; containing, with the greater part of the
post-town of Portarlington and with the village of Bally-
brittas (both separately described), 7797 inhabitants.
This parish is situated in the north-eastern part of the
county, and bounded on the north-east and north-west
by the river Barrow, which separates it from the county
of Kildare and King's county. From its central situa-
tion and proximity to the Barrow, it was selected, on
the seizure of Leix and the rest of the province of Lein-
VoL. II.— 209
ster by Strongbow, as one of the first settlements of the
English ; and a castle was erected here, either by
William, Earl-Marshal, by the family of De Vi-sci, or
■\Villiam de Braosa, to whom the lands came by mar-
riage with one of the earl's daughters. This fortress,
from its commanding situation, was frequently the sub-
ject of contest between the English lords and the native
chieftains ; it is noticed by Camden as being, in 1292, in
the possession of John Fitzthomas, one of the Geraldines,
who, during the hostilities that desolated the surround-
ing country, brought Richard, Earl of Ulster, prisoner
to this place. Contiguous to the castle, which, though
the territory had descended to the Mortimers, appears
to have been retained by the Fitzgeralds, was a small
burgh with a market and fairs, which is said to have
been destroyed in 1315 by Edward Bruce, who also
burned the castle. In the latter part of the reign of
Edward II., this place was taken by Lysagh O Moore ;
and on the decline of the English power, nearly the
whole of the surrounding territory fell into the posses-
sion of the native septs. In 1534 the castle belonged to
the Earl of Kildare, and was considered one of his six
strongest castles: it was taken in 1642 by the insur-
gents, who were afterwards expelled by Lord Li^le ; in
commemoration of which an ash-tree was planted in the
market-place, which is now rapidly falling to decay.
The castle was dismantled by the parliamentarians
under Colonels Hewson and Reynolds ; and the subse-
quent foundation of the neighbouring town of Port-
arlington prevented the revival of the old burgh or
town of Lea, which has since dwindled into an incon-
siderable village.
The parish comprises 18,489 statute acres, of which
about 500 are woodland, about 1000 waste and bog, and
the remainder divided in nearly equal portions between
tillage and pasture. The surface is mostly level, with a
few hills of small elevation, the chief of which are Spire
Hill, Windmill Hill, and Mullaghalig ; the soil is light
and shallow, and the system of agriculture improving.
The substrata are limestone, limestone-gravel, and red-
dish sand ; the limestone, which is of good quality, is
extensively quarried. The Grand Canal passes for three
miles through the parish, and the river Barrow might be
rendered navigable from Portarlington to Monastercven
at a trifling expense : a railway is in progress from
Dublin to Cashel, and a branch is intended from Port-
arlington to Tullamore. Fairs are held at Portarlington ;
and petty-sessions are held there weekly on Wednesday,
and at Ballybritfas on Monday.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare, and
in the patronage of the Lord Primate and the Arch-
bishop of Dublin, who must present a fellow or ex-fellow
of Trinity College; the rectory is appropriate to the
dean and chapter. The tithe rent-charge is £622. 16. 6..
of which £415. 7. 9. are payable to the lessee of the dean
and chapter, and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe-
house was built by a gift of £400 and a loan to the
same amount from the late Board of First Fruits, in
1827 ; the glebe comprises 38^ acres. The church, a
small neat edifice, was built in 1809, by subscription,
aided by a loan of £350 from the Board of First Fruits,
for building the steeple ; and the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners "recently granted £375 for repairs. Then-
are two chapels of ease at Portarlington. In the Roman
Catholic divisions nearly the whole of the parish forms
2E
LEC C
part of the district of Portarlington, Emo, and Killey-
nard ; the chapel, at Killeyuard, has been rebuilt. At
Portarlington and Ballybrittas are dispensaries. Ruins
e.xist of the old churches of Old Lea, Tierhoghar, and
Ballyadden ; and on the bank of the river Barrow
are the remains of the ancient castle, consisting of
a massive round tower, with several quadrangular
buildings, apparently parts of the original structure,
and of great strength; the whole inclosed within massive
walls pierced with embrasures, and presenting an im-
posing and venerable appearance as seen from the river.
There are si.\ raths in the parish. Near Portarlington
is a powerful chalybeate spa, efficacious in scorbutic
cases.
LEARMONT, an ecclesiastical district, partly in the
barony of Tirkeeran, county of Londonderry, and
partly in that of Strabane, county of Tyrone, and
province of Ulster, 5 miles (S. W.) from Duugiven, on
the road to Omagh. It was formed in 1831, under the
7th and Sth of George IV., by separating eleven town-
lands from Banagher, eight from Upper Cumber, and
one from Lower Cumber ; the whole of which are in Lon-
donderry, except Stranagalvally, which is in Tyrone.
Much of the land is very good and under an excellent
system of cultivation, and the waste laud is being re-
claimed under the liberal encouragement of Barre Beres-
ford, Esq. Sawel mountain, on the verge of the two
counties, rises to the height of 2236 feet above the level
of the sea ; near it are the precipitous rocks called the
Eagle's Nest. Blue limestone is burnt for manure, and
manganese and lead-ore are found ; also iron-ore,
almost in a metallic state. The village of Learmont, or
Park, is situated on the Faughan water, near the base
of Sawel mountain, and has been much improved lately.
The principal seat is Learmont, the elegant residence of
Mr. Beresford, which he is enlarging and finishing in the
Elizabethan or Tudor style : around it is an extensive
demesne, containing valuable timber, and ornamented
with baths and groups of statues. Here are also Kil-
creen, Straid Lodge, and Tamna. The living is a per-
petual curacy, in the diocese of Derry, and in the alter-
nate patronage of the Rectors of Banagher and Upper
Cumber, except the fifth turn, which devolves on the
Rector of Lower Cumber. The curates income is £85
per annum, paid by the three rectors. Tiie late Bishop
Knox proposed to make this district a parish of itself,
the tithes not to exceed £300 per annum, in which case
Mr. Beresford proposed to exchange land planted and
improved for a glebe. There is neither glebe-house nor
glebe at present. The church, a small neat edifice, was
built in 1831, at an expense of £750, of which £400
were given by the Board of First Fruits, £100 by
Bishop Knox, £100 by B. Beresford, Esq., £50 by the
Irish Society, £25 by the Skinners' Company, £25 by
Robert Ogilby, Esq., and the rest by various individuals.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Learmont forms part
of the district of Banagher, and has a chapel at Altenure.
There is a school at Park, to which Mr. Beresford allows
£5 per annum and a house, and . three other public
schools ; also three private schools, and two Sunday
.schools.
LECCAWN, a village, in the parish of Fiddown,
union of Carrick, barony of Iverk, county of Kil-
kenny, and province of Lein.ster ; containing 14*
inhabitants.
210
L E C K
LECK, a parish, in the union of Letterkenny,
barony of Raphoe, county of Donegal, and province
of Ulster, 1 mile (E.) from Letterkenny, on the road
to Strabane ; containing 3722 inhabitants. It com-
prises, including a detached portion, 10,744f statute
acres, of which 264 are in the tideway of the river
Swilly, which is navigable through the whole of the
parish. A large cattle-fair is held at Old Town on June
Sth. Here is Rock Hill, the beautiful seat of the Stewart
family. The parish formed part of the corps of the
deanery of Raphoe, but was separated from it by act of
council in 1835, and is now a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage of the
Crown : the tithe rent-charge is £243. The glebe-
house was erected by aid of a gift of £450 and a loan of
£50 from the Board of First Fruits, in 1820 ; the glebe
comprises 20 acres. The church has been rebuilt, at a
cost of £749, of which £649 were from the funds of the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners ; it accommodates 200
persons. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Conwall. A parochial
school is aided by an annual donation from Colonel
Robertson's fund ; and there are two other public
schools, one of which is supported by Sir E. Hayes,
Bart.
LECKARROW, a village, partly in the parish of St.
John's, and partly in that of Killenvoy, union and
barony of Athlone, county of Roscommon, and pro-
vince of Connaught, 8 miles (N. W.) from Athlone, on
the road to Roscommon, to both which places it has a
receiving-house for letters. A patron takes place on the
24th of June, at which lambs, pigs, &c., are sold ; and
petty-sessions are held every alternate week. In the
village are a flour and an oatmeal mill ; in the vicinity
is a dispensary.
LECKEN, or Lacken, a parish, in the union of
MuLLiNGAR, barony of Corkaree, county of West-
MEATH, and province of Leinster, 7| miles (N. N. W.)
from MuUingar, and between Lough Derrivagh and
Lough Hoyle ; containing 995 inhabitants. An abbey
existed here in the early part of the 7th century, under
the superintendence of St. Crumin. The parish com-
prises 3201 statute acres, of which 75 are in Lough
Derrivagh ; and contains some limestone, and a small
quantity of moory land. It is a curacy, in the diocese
of Meath, forming part of the union of Leney ; the rec-
tory is impropriate in Sir J. B. Piers, Bart., and the tithe
rent-charge is £100. 5. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions Lecken forms part of the district of Multifernam,
and has a chapel. On the summit of a hill is Wilson's
Hospital, founded and endowed by A. Wilson, Esq., of
Piercefield, for the support and education of I6O Pro-
testant boys, with whom an apprentice fee of £10 is
given on their leaving the school ; and for 20 old male
Protestants. The inhabitants of Westmeath have the
preference, but those of the adjacent counties are also
eligible. The house is a neat building in the form of a
square, adorned with a cupola, and with two receding
wings connected by a corridor, one of which includes
the schoolroom and a dormitory, the other the dining-
hall and a dormitory ; there is a chapel handsomely
fitted up. The trustees are the Archbishops of Armagh
and Dublin, and the Bishops of Meath and Kilmore. A
body of insurgents posted themselves at this hospital in
the night of Sept. 5th, 1798, but were almost all killed
I, K 1 G
L E I G
file following day by part of Lord Cornwallis's army.
There are vestiges of an old fort at Carrick ; and on a
hill near the church is a large rath, with two others in
its vicinity.
LECKNOWE.— See Piercetownlandy.
LECKPATRICK, a parish, in the union and barony
of Strabane, county of Tyrone, and province of
Ulster ; containing, with part of the post-town of
Strabane, .5523 inhabitants. This parish, which is also
called Leghpatrick, comprises, according to the Ord-
nance survey, 13,4.51 statute acres, of which 104 are in
the tideway of the Foyle. The soil is generally cold and
wet, but part of the land is well cultivated and fertile ;
there are considerable tracts of mountain pasture and
valuable bog. Here is au extensive bleach-green, not
used at present ; also two manufactories for spades and
edged-tools. The Strabane canal passes through the
parish, from its lower lock on the Foyle to the quay of
Strabane. The principal seats are Holy Hill and Mount
Pleasant. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of
Derry, and in the gift of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-
charge is £4S4. 12., and there is a glebe-house, with a
glebe of 143 acres, Cunningham measure. The church,
a plain edifice without tower or spire, was built by a
loan of £600 from the late Board of First Fruits, in
1816, and much enlarged in 1824. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Donagheady, and has chapels at Cloghcor and Glen-
mornan. A Presbyterian meeting-house was lately
erected at Artigarran. There is a parochial school, to
which the Marquess of Abercorn, who is proprietor of
nearly all the parish, subscribes £10, and the rector £5,
annually ; and to two other public schools the marquess
contributes £5 each : there are also national and Sun-
day schools. Near the glebe-house is an ancient rock-
ing-stone.
LEHINCH, a village, partly in the parish of Kil-
MANAHEEN, but chlcfly in that of Kilmacrehy, union
of Ennistymon, barony of Corcomroe, county of
Clare, and province of Munster; containing 107
houses, and 433 inhabitants.
LEIGHLIN, OLD, a parish, the seat of a diocese,
and formerly a parliamentary borough, in the barony of
Idrone West, union and county of Carlow, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 1,: mile (S. S. W.) from Leighlin-
Bridge, on the road to Castlecomer ; containing 36.58
inhabitants, of whom 140 are in the village. This place
has from a remote period been distinguished for its
religious establishments, the earliest of which was a
PRIORY for Canons Regular, founded by St. Cobban
about the close of the 6th or commencement of the 7th
century. A grand synod was held here in 630 to deli-
berate on the proper time for celebrating the festival of
Easter, and was attended by St. Laserian, who had been
consecrated bishop by Pope Honorius and sent as legate
from the holy see. In 632, St. Gobban built a cell for
himself and brethren at another place, and relinquished
the abbey to St. Laserian, who made it the head of a
see, over which he presided till his death in 638 ; and
so greatly did the monastery flourish that, during the
prelacy of St. Laserian, there were at one time not less
than 1500 monks in the establishment. The priory was
plundered in 916, 978, and 982, and in 1060 was totally
destroyed by fire. Among its subsequent benefactors
was Burchard, son of Gurmond, a Norwegian, who
211
either founded or endowed the priory of St. Stephen j
■which, being situated in a depopulated and wasted
country, frequently afTorded refuge and asMihIanec to
the English, in acknowledgment of which Edward IH.
granted to the prior a concordatuni in 1372. This
priory was dissolved by Pope Eugene IV., in 1432, and
its possessions annexed to the deanery of Leighlin.
The TOWN appears to have derived all its importance
and all its privileges from the see. Bishop Harlewin,
who governed from 1201 till 1216, granUd the inhabit-
ants their burgage-houses, with all franchises enjoyed
by Bristol, at a yearly rent of 12 J. out of every burgage ;
which grant was confirmed by his successor; and in
1310, Edward II. gave to Ade Le Bretowu certain
customs to build a tower for the defence of the town,
and to maintain three men-at-arms and two hobblers
to protect the inhabitants from the attacks of the native
Irish. During the prelacy of Richard Rocomb, who
succeeded in 1399, there were 86 burgesses in the town,
but it was so frequently plundered and desolated by
successive hostilities, that it was reduced to an insigni-
ficant village. The inhabitants received a charter of
incorporation from James II., in the 4th of his reign,
the preamble of which recites that the town had been a
free borough, and returned two members to the Irish
parliament, which it continued to do till the Union,
when it was disfranchised, and the £15,000 awarded as
compensation were paid to the late Board of First Fruits,
to be applied in promoting the residence of the clergy.
Since the Union the corporation has become extinct ;
there are only 33 houses in the village.
The DIOCESE of Leigh-
lin is the smallest of the
five which till lately consti-
tuted the ecclesiastical pro-
vince of Dublin. Nothing
particularly worthy of notice
recorded of the successors
St. Laserian till the time
Donat, who was made
j^hop in 1158, and after
whose death the prelates
were invariably appointed
Arms of the uncient f^^,^ ^^^f, English clergy.
liishupric. Notwithstanding the devas-
tation and plunder of the see in the continued hostilities
of early times, it experienced no irreparable impoverish-
ment till the succession of Daniel Cavanagh, in 156" ;
during his prelacy various grants and long leases were
made^to his friends, reserving for his successors only
some very trifling rents ; and to such poverty was the
bishopric reduced that, upon his decease in 1587, it was
granted in commindam to Peter Corse, archdeacon of
the diocese, and afterwards held with the deanery of
St. Patricks, Dublin. In 1600. Robert Grave was
advanced to the see of Ferns, to which this diocese was
then annexed ; and the two continued from that time
to be held together till 1S36, when, on the death of Dr.
Elrington, the last bishop of Leighlin and Ferns, both
sees were united to the bishopric of Ossory, under the
provisions of the Church Temporalities' act. The see
estate of Ferns and Leighlin remains with the bishop of
the three united dioceses, Ferns, Leighlin, and Ossory ;
and the see estate of Ossory. the suppressed bishopric,
is vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, together
LEI G
with the mensal lands of Ferns and Leighlin ; the resi-
dence of the bishop being by the act fixed at Kilkenny,
winch see.
The diocese is of very irregular form, extending 50
miles in length and varying from S to 16 miles in
breadth. It comprehends part of the counties of Kil-
kenny and Wicklow, a considerable portion of the
Queen's county, and the whole of the county of Carlow ;
and comprises an estimated superficies of 318,900 acres,
of which 17,500 are in the county of Kilkenny, 42,000
in Wicklow, 1'2'2,000 in Queen's county, and 137,050 in
the county of Carlow. The lands belonging to the see
of Leighlin comprise 1'2,9'24 statute acres of profitable
land ; and the gross annual revenue, on an average of
three years ending 1831, amounted to £2667. '■ The
chapter consists of a dean, precentor, chancellor, trea-
surer, archdeacon, and the prebendaries of Tecolme,
Ullard, Aghold, and TuUowmagrinagh. The economy
estate of the cathedral arises from rents of tithes reserved
by lease out of the parishes of Tullowcrine, Slyguff, Bal-
linacarrig, Rahill, Liscoleman, and Old Leighlin ; which,
on an average of three years ending September, 1831,
amounted to £158. 13. 10. per annum, applied to the
payment of the perpetual cure and the repairs of the
cathedral. There are four rural deaneries, namely,
Leighlin, Carlow, Tullow, and Maryborough. The con-
sistorial court of the diocese is held at Carlow, and
consists of a vicar-general, three surrogates, a registrar,
and two proctors. The total number of parishes is SO,
comprised in 59 benefices, of which 14 are unions of
two or more parishes, and 45 are single parishes ; 5
benefices are in the patronage of the Crown, 10 in lay
or corporation patronage, 9 in joint or alternate patron-
age, and the remainder in the patronage of the Bishop
or Incumbents. The number of churches is 49, and
there are four other episcopal places of worship ; the
number of glebe-houses is 25. In the Roman Catholic
divisions this diocese is united with Kildare, and is
suffragan to the archiepiscopal see of Dublin : the num-
ber of parochial benefices and clergy is given with the
diocese of Kildare ; the number of chapels is 64.
The parish comprises 9920 statute acres, of which
about 400 are bog. Agriculture is improving; there
are limestone and flagstone quarries, and coal exists,
but is not worked. Old Leighlin is a rectory, belonging
in moieties to the bishop, as part of the see estate, and
to the chapter of the cathedral, as part of the economy
fund : the rectory of Tullowcrine belongs also to the
economy fund, and a perpetual curate is endowed to
officiate at the cathedral, and to attend to the duties of
both parishes, of which the dean and chapter are the
incumbents. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£345. 3. The glebe-house was built by a gift of £450
and a loan of £50 from the Board of First Fruits, in
1820 ; the glebe comprises 12^ acres. The cathedral,
which is also the parish church, is situated in a secluded
spot surrounded with hills ; it is a plain ancient struc-
ture, consisting of a nave 84 feet long, and chancel 60
feet in length, with a square tower 60 feet high, sur-
mounted by a low spire. The edifice was rebuilt, after
having been destroyed by fire during the prelacy of
Bishop Doiiat ; and the choir was rebuilt by Bishop
Sanders in 1527- The western entrance has a hand-
some doorway and window, and there are two side
entrances : in the chancel are the bishop's throne, and
212
LEI G
the stalls of the dean and chapter; and the building
contains several very ancient monuments, with some of
the I6th century. On the north side are the remains
of two roofless buildings ; one of them of small dimen-
sions ; and the other 52 feet long and 22 feet wide,
with a window of elegant design at its eastern extremity.
Of the episcopal palace, which was repaired by Bishop
Meredyth in 1589, there are no remains. About 100
yards from the west end of the church is the well of St.
Laserian, formerly much resorted to; and in the church-
yard is a stone supposed to have marked the boundary
of the old borough. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Leighlin-Bridge.
There are some chalybeate springs, which are used
medicinally.
LEIGHLIN-BRIDGE, a market and post town,
partly in the parish of Augha, barony of Idrone-East,
but chiefly in that of Wells, barony of Idrone-West,
union and county of Carlow, and province of Lein-
STER, 6 miles (S.) from Carlow, and 45 (S. S. W.) from
Dublin, on the coach-road to Cork; containing 1748
inhabitants. This place derives its name from a bridge
over the river Barrow, which connects the two parts of
the town on the opposite banks with each other and is
in a line with the road leading to Old Leighlin, in con-
tradistinction to which place, previously to the erection
of the bridge, this town was generally called New Leigh-
lin. The lands were granted by Hugh de Lacy to John
de Clahul, or de Claville, who in 1181 erected a strong
castle or fortress, called the Black Cattle, which was
one of the earliest defences of the English in Ireland.
Towards the close of the reign of Henry III., a Car-
melite monastery was founded near the castle, on the
eastern bank of the Barrow, by a member of the
Carew family, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin.
The bridge, of nine arches, was built in 1320 by Mau-
rice Jakis, a canon of the cathedral of Kildare, to facili-
tate the intercourse between the religious houses of Old
and New Leighlin. As the English settlement here
became more insecure, the monastery was much exposed
to the hostile attacks of the native Irish; and in 1371,
Ed^'ard III. granted ten marks annually for the repair
and rebuilding of the house, which grant was renewed
six years afterwards. In 1378, Richard II., in con-
sideration of the expense and labour of supporting the
house and the bridge against the king's enemies, be-
stowed on the prior an annual pension of 20 marks out
of the rents of the town of Newcastle of Lyons ; he con-
firmed the gift in 1394, and it was also ratified by Henry
IV. and Henry V., the latter monarch ordering that all
arrears then due should be paid. In 1408, Gerald, fifth
earl of Kildare, built another fortress here, which he
called White Castle ; and after the Dissolution the
monastery was also converted into a fort, and occupied
as a military station by Sir Edward Bellingham, Mar-
shal of the English army and Lord-Deputy of Ireland.
This fort was taken in 1577 by Rory Oge O'More,
dynast of Leix, who destroyed the town by fire ; and in
1649 it surrendered to the parliamentarians under Col.
Hewson, soon after which the main army under Ireton,
on their march to Carlow, laid waste the neighbouring
country.
The TOWN still retains many indications of its import-
ance as a military station ; it is pleasantly situated on
the river Barrow, by which it is divided into two nearly
LEIG
L E I T
equal parts, and contains 375 houses. In the excise
arrangements the town is within the district of Kilkenny.
The market is on Monday and Saturday, and is amply
su])plied with corn and butter ; fairs are held on Easter-
Monday, May 14th, Sept. 25th, and Dec. 27th. There
is a constabulary police station. The parish church of
Wells, and a Roman Catholic chapel, are in that portion
of the town which lies on the Wells side of the river ;
and there is also a national school. About a mile dis-
tant is a celebrated spa, much resorted to. At the foot
of the bridge, and on the eastern bank of the river,
are the ruins of Black Castle, consisting of an oblong
tower about 50 feet high, completely capped with ivy ;
one of the floors resting on an arch is still remaining,
and there is a flight of steps leading to the summit.
The tower appears to have formed the north-western
angle of a quadrangular inclosure, 315 feet in length
and 234 feet wide, surrounded by a wall seven feet
thick, with a fosse on the outside; part of the wall is
standing on the west side, and at the south-eastern angle
of the inclosure are the ruins of a round tower, the
walls of which are ten feet in thickness. At the south
end of the west wall of the quadrangle was the monas-
tery, of which an old building with loop-hole windows,
and a stone doorway, are supposed to be the only
remaining portion ; adjoining, and within the inclo-
sure, was a cemetery, now converted into a garden.
In the neighbourhood of the town was the abbey of
Achadfinglass, founded by St. Fintan, who died in the
6th century ; it was plundered by the Danes in 864,
and there are no remains, even the precise site being un-
known.
LEIGHMONEY, Leoffoney, or Liffany, a parish,
in the union of Kinsale, barony of Kinnalea, county
of Cork, and province of Munster, li mile (S. S. E.)
from Innishannon, and on the road from Kinsale to
Bandon ; containing S96 inhabitants. This parish is
bounded on the south by the river Bandon, on the mar-
gin of which are the remains of Shippool Castle (formerly
called Poolnalong), built in 1496 by the Roche family,
and, from its vicinity to Kinsale, twice attacked by the
Spaniards in I6OI, but vigorously defended by the
garrison, who repulsed the assailants with considerable
loss. In 164'2 the castle was taken by the garrison of
Bandon for the king, and by this means a communica-
tion was kept open with Kinsale and the eastern parts
of the county, which very greatly assisted the royal
cause ; it was occupied by the father of the present
proprietor till 1794. The remains consist of one
lofty square tower, apparently battered by artillery, and
cannon balls have been found in the vicinity.
The parish comprises 2716 statute acres: the land
is generally poor, and chiefly under tillage ; about 200
acres are waste, and there is no bog. The system of
agriculture is slowly improving under the spirited ex-
ample of Capt. Herrick ; and there are quarries of good
freestone, particularly at Shippool, the produce of which
is worked into pillars and used for building. Near
the castle are some singular rocks of the greenstone
formation. The river Bandon is navigable for small
vessels up to Colliers-Quay, opposite to the parish ;
and great quantities of sea-sand are landed for manure,
at four small quays at this place. The only seat of im-
portance is Shippool, a handsome residence in a wooded
demesne sloping gradually to the water's edge. There
213
are some extensive hanging- woods, through which the
new road from Kinsale to Bandon passes, disclosing
some of the richest scenery in the county. On the river
are several salmon-weirs, and great quantities of fish are
taken. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cork,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-
charge is but £82. 14., and there is neither glebe nor
glebe-house. The church is in ruins, and divine service
is performed in the parochial schoolroom, which has
been licensed for that purpose. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the union of Inni-
shannon. The parochial school also serves for the
parish of Dunderrow ; a house and five acres of land
were given to it by Captain Herrick. On an eminence
near the ivy-dad ruins of the church are the remains of
an extensive fortress, called Leoffoney Castle, which was
occupied by the Spaniards in 1601, and by the royalists
in 1641. There are several chalybeate springs, but they
are not much used.
LEITRIM (County of), a county, of which a small
portion is maritime, in the province of Connaught;
bounded on the west by the counties of Sligo and Ros-
common, on the south by that of Longford, on the east
by those of Cavan and Fermanagh, and on the north by
that of Donegal and by Donegal bay. It extends from
53° 45' to 54° 29' (N. Lat.) and from 7° 33' to 8° S'
(W. Lon.) ; and comprises 392,363 statute acres, of
which 249,350 are cultivated land, 1 1 5, 869 uncultivated,
3396 in plantations, and 23,748 under water. The
population, in 1821, was 124,785; in 1831, 141,303;
and in 1841, 155,297.
According to Ptolemy, this tract, together with that
comprised in the counties of Fermanagh and Cavan, was
occupied by the Erdini, called in Irish Kniaigh, who pos-
sessed the entire countrj- bordering on Lough Erne.
The county, with that of Cavan and part of Fermanagh,
afterwards formed the territorj' of Breffny or Jirenny,
which was divided into two principalities, of which the
present county of Leitrim formed the western, under
the name of Lou-er or It'est lireffny, and Uy-Briuin-
Breffnv, from Brian, son of Eachod, and grandson of
Muredach ; first king of Connaught of the Scottish race.
Sometimes the county was designated Brcfny OHunrk,
O'Rorke, O'UoWk, or O'Rourk, from the name of the family
that ruled over it from a very early period. Its sub-
ordinate divisions were, Dromahaire, the present barony
of the same name ; Lietdrumai or Liathdronien, the
modern Leitrim ; Munster Eolus, or Hy CoUuing, the
present baronies of Carrigallen and Mohill, the prin-
cipal families of which were the Maghrannals, or .Mac
Granells ; and Hy Murragh. the modern barony of Ross-
clogher, of which the chiefs were the OMnrroghs, or
O'Murreys. For some time after the arrival of the
English, the whole was considered to form part of the
ill-defined county of Roscommon: but the ORourks
maintained an independent authority in their own terri-
tory until the middle of the l6th century. Tiernan
ORourk, an active military chief, governed here in the
latter part of the 12th century, when the princes of Con-
naught and Leinster combined to expel him from his
territory; and Dermod Mac Murrough, the king of Lem-
ster, taking advantage of their success, carried off his
wife Dervorghal ; but the expelled chieftain having ap-
plied for aid to Turlogh, supreme king of Ireland, the
latter not only reinstated him in his principality, but
L E I r
regained him his wife. The English, soon after their
arrival, iu conjunction with their ally Derniod, invaded
the territory of Breffny, where, however, Dermod was
twice defeated, and compelled to secure his safety by a
precipitate retreat. O'Rourk afterwards made an unsuc-
cessful attack on Dublin, when in the possession of
Strongbow's forces ; yet subsequently he joined Henry
II. against Roderic, King of Connaught. The line of in-
dependent chieftains of this family terminated in Brian
O'Rourk, lord of BreflFny and Minterolis, who, relying on
the promises of Pope Si.xtus Y. and the King of Spain,
threw oif his allegiance to Queen Elizabeth ; but having
been forced to flee to Scotland, he was there taken
prisoner and conveyed to London, where he was exe-
cuted as a traitor, on which occasion it is recorded that
the only favour he asked was to be hanged, after his
country's fashion, with a rope of twisted withe. His
territory having escheated to the crown, extensive
grants were made to English proprietors ; and, in 1 565,
it was erected into a county by Sir Henry Sidney,
under the name of Leitrim, from its chief town. The
O'Rourks ruled over several subordinate septs, the prin-
cipal families of whom were the O'Murreys, Mac Logh-
lins, INIac Glanchies, and Mac Granells, some of whose
posterity still exist ; the descendants of the last-named
family are now called Reynolds, a corruption of the
original name.
The native Irish were constantly at variance with the
English settlers to whom the lands had been parcelled
out by Elizabeth and James I. : in the war of 1641 they
were among the first who joined the standard of O'Nial ;
and in a short time the whole country was in the pos-
session of the insurgents, and so continued during the
greater part of this war, on the termination of which
the lands of all engaged on the part of the Irish were
forfeited. At the Restoration, Charles II. made exten-
sive grants to new settlers ; and on the abdication of
James II. many more grants of a similar nature were
made by his successor. During the insurrection of
1*98, this part of the kingdom was undisturbed except
by a few isolated acts of violence.
The county is partly in the diocese of Ardagh, but
chiefly in that of Kilmore. For purposes of civil juris-
diction it is divided into the baronies of Carrigallen,
Dromahaire, Leitrim, INIohill, and Rossclogher. It con-
tains the disfranchised borough, market, and assize
town of Carrick-on-Shannon ; the disfranchised borough
of Jamestown ; the market and post towns of Manor-
Hamilton, Ballinainore, and Mohill ; and the post-towns
of Drumod, Drumsna, and Ruskey. The largest villages
are Cashcarrigan, Carrigallen, Dromahaire, Drumkeerin,
Drunishambo (each of which has a sub-post), Leitrim
(once the county and assize town), and Kinlough. The
sliirc and its towns sent six members to the Irish par-
liament : since the Union two only have been returned,
for the county, to the Imperial parliament; the election
takes place at Carrick. The number of electors regis-
tered in 1841 was 1488, of whom 162 were £50, 93 £20
and 1214 £10. freeholders; 2 £-20, and 12 £10, lease-
holders. The county is in the Connaught circuit : the
assizes and general quarter-sessions are held at Carrick ;
quarter-sessions are held also at Manor-Hamilton and
Ballinamore. The county gaol and court-house are at
Carrick ; and there are court-houses and bridewells at
Manor- Hamilton and Ballinamore : the number of oer-
214
L EI T
sons charged with criminal offences and committed to
prison for this county, in 1844, was 317. The local
government is vested iu a lieutenant, 15 deputy-lieu-
tenants, and 37 other magistrates, with the usual county
officers. There are 23 constabulary police stations,
having a force of a county inspector, 5 sub-inspectors, 6
head-constables, 26 constables, and 130 sub-constables,
with 7 horses ; the expense of whose maintenance in
1842 was £8176, defrayed by grand jury presentments
and by government, in equal portions. The county in-
firmary is at Carrick ; the district lunatic asylum for
Connaught is at Ballinasloe, where accommodations are
provided for 34 cases from this county ; and there are
dispensaries at Ballinamore, Carrick, Carrigallen, Clog-
han, Dromahaire, Drumkeerin, Drumshambo, Drums-
na, Kinlough, Manor-Hamilton, and Mohill. The grand
jury presentments for 1844 amounted to £18,422. In
military arrangements the county is included in the
Athlone district, and contains one barrack for infantry
at Carrick, having accommodations for 4 officers and 126
men.
The form of the county is somewhat pyramidal or
approaching to that of a slender cone, having its base
resting on Longford, and its apex on the sea-coast : its
extreme length is about 46 miles ; its breadth varies
from 16 at the former extremity to 2 at the latter. The
greater part of the surface not strictly mountainous
being occupied by steep hills and deep valleys, the
country displays many varieties of picturesque scenery
heightened by striking and sudden contrasts of wild
heathy mountain, and rich cultivation, wood, and water.
The southern extremity from Ruskey to Carrick is fer-
tile and well cultivated, particularly on the banks of the
Shannon, which here separates Leitrim from Roscom-
mon and spreads into Lough Boffin, backed by the
heights of Sheebeg and Sheemore, forming a fine relief
to the lofty grandeur of the more distant mountain of
Slieve-an-irin, and the luxuriant swell of the adjacent
part of Roscommon. Proceeding northward to Lough
Allen, the country, though available for tillage, gradually
assumes a gloomy aspect ; and immediately from the
verge of this lake, steep ascents stretch to a distance of
two, three, and four miles to the mountains, which on
almost every side terminate the view : but even here
various delightful prospects are obtained, especially near
the points where the Shannon enters into and emerges
from the lake. The summit of the group called Slieve-
an-irin, or Slieve-an-Jaroin, to the east of Lough Allen,
rises 1922 feet above the level of the sea, and is the
highest point in this mountainous district, which extends
five or six miles northward ; but large tracts of good
land appear around Dromahaire, Manor-Hamilton,
and Glencar, where the face of the country is extremely
varied and pleasing. Not far distant are the mountains
of Lacka, 1448 feet high ; Lugnacuillagh, 1485 feet
high ; Doon ; Glenfarn or Mullaghusk ; Benbo, 1365
feet high ; and Green Mountain, 9-20 feet. These do not
form a connected chain, but are separated by deep and
broad valleys containing innumerable low but steep hills.
Like those of the Slieve-an-irin group, the mountains
are all of similar character, rising at a steep angle from
their bases, and, except Benbo, frequently presenting
mural precipices from 60 to 100 feet deep ; their sum-
mits are all nearly flat, and covered with coarse herbage.
Further northward, on approaching the sea, the most
LEIT
L EIT
barren mountains rise from the fertile vale, amid which
many scenes of superior beauty arrest the eye.
The Shannon and its tributaries add greatly to the
beauty of the county, which is still further augmented
by the numerous lakes scattered over the surface. The
principal of these is Lnugh Allen, stretching about seven
miles in length, between Drumkerrin and Drumshambo,
and with a mean breadth of five miles ; its south-western
extremity is iu the county of Roscommon ; it is in some
places very deep, and owing to the surrounding moun-
tains, the storms upon it are extremely sudden and
violent. Lough GUI, though forming part of the western
boundary of the county, is chiefly in that of Sligo : it is
about five or six miles in length, and two in breadth ;
and its shores, naturally romantic, have been richly
planted and cultivated. Lough Melvijn, which separates
the counties of Leitrim and Fermanagh for some dis-
tance, is 5 miles in length, and varies in breadth from 3
miles to f of a mile. Lough Ciane, otherwise Belhovel
Lake, is situated about 4 miles to the north-west of
Lough Allen, with which it communicates by the river
Duibhachar ; this lake is nearly two miles long and one
broad, and comprises 345 statute acres. Loughs Bodurrig
and Bo/fiu are expansions of the Shannon to the south
of Drumsna ; another lake worthy of particular notice
is that of Giiradise, an extensive and pleasing expanse
of water, which, with Xewfoicii-Gore Lake and several
smaller in the vicinity of Ballinamore and Cashcarrigan,
adds greatly to the picturesque beauties of this part of
the county.
The climate is very cold and damp, and more vari-
able, perhaps, than that of any other county in Ireland,
owing to the great elevation of its surface and its conti-
guity to the Atlantic. The soil is also very various : the
tops and sides of most of the hills towards the south have
a surface composed of a thin layer of hungry ferrugin-
ous loam, resting on a hard gravel of similar nature, and
forming a stiff heavy cold clay ; that of the valleys is
of a more valuable kind, being deeper, and much
more fertile. The whole is exceedingly retentive of
water, its hard gravelly substance being based on clay-
slate of various colours, beneath which occurs, in many
places, a yellow, brown, or blackish stiff argillaceous
substratum ; while in some parts this sort of raw unpro-
ductive earth, commonly of a reddish colour, is found
immediately beneath the surface. Large tracts of deep,
dark, rich loam on a limestone bottom are found in the
neighbourhoods of Sheemore, Mohill, Dromahaire, and
Manor-Hamilton. The ordinary varieties of peat, form-
ing the soils of the bogs, moors, and much of the moun-
tain, occupy wide tracts.
This is by no means an agricultur.\l county,
although considerable tracts of land have been brought
into cultivation within these few years. The principal
crops are oats, potatoes, and flax ; the culture of wheat
has become more general of late, and here, barley, and
clover are occasionally sown. The general rotation is,
potatoes, flax, and afterwards successive crops of oats,
until the land is exhausted, when it is generally much
encumbered with weeds, and in this state is left to
recruit itself by natural means alone ; fallowing is un-
known here, and grass or clover seeds are rarely sown ;
hence the land is almost useless until broken up again
for potatoes after a few years. When the soil is con-
sidered to be too good for flax, wheat sometimes suc-
215
ceeds potatoes ; but the land is scarcely ever manured
for any but the potato crop. The old heavy wooden
plough is generally used iu the low country ; while in
the mountain districts the land is chiefly cultivated hy
the loy, a narrow spade with a blade about 14 inches
long by 3 inches broad, and much bent, with a strong
handle 5 or 6 feet long. Hut neither with the plough
nor the loy is fresh soil turned up, the same thin sur-
face being merely broken year after year ; and even
where the wealthier farmers have introduced the Scotch
plough, the ploughman attached to the old method will
not cut his furrow deep enough. The light angle harrow
is found only with the gentry and wealthier farmers,
who are doing much to improve the system of agri-
culture. Potatoes are in some instances dibbled in,
with a pointed stake called "a stecveen ;" in others
they are spread on the sward or on manure, and the soil
dug out of the trenches is thrown over them with a
broad awkward shovel. The grass lands are of every
quality, from the richest herbage to mountain heath and
rushes. It is observed, however, that even on the
coarsest and most marshy soils, the old native cow-
thrives well, and both milk and butter are of excellent
flavour. Though there are no regular or extensive
dairies, almost every family, however poor, has one or
more cows ; and hence great quantities of butter are
made, which is principally carried to market in firkins
and bought up to be shipped for England. Leitrim,
generally, is not a feeding county like Roscommon .; yet
there are some excellent farms on which numbers of
cattle are annually fed, principally for the Dublin or
English markets.
In most of the valleys are found limestone-gravel and
marl, which are extensively used for manure ; and in
the districts of Ballynagleragh and Glenfarn, which are
deficient in these materials, the inhabitants bring lime
from a distance of three or four miles : sea weed, shells,
and sand are not only used in all parts contiguous to the
shores, but are carried several miles into the interior.
The fences are chiefly a trench from four to six feet
wide, having on one side a bank of earth thrown out of
the trench, which becomes durable by exposure to the
air. A layer of sods is sometimes added, and quicksets
are planted on the breast of the bank ; but this sort of
hedge or fence is found only in the southern parts of
the county, where, on some of the larger farms, double-
faced banks, with trenches on each^side, and planted
with thorn, crab, and forest trees, are also to be seen.
Farms of every size, from 4 acres to 3000, are to be
met with ; the larger principally in the mountainous
districts, and mostly under pasture, with some inclo-
sures near the dwelling-houses.
Vast numbers of young and store c.*.ttle are reared,
and in some districts there are large flocks of sheep, but
they are not so general as they might be : horned-cattle
are preferred, because they require less attention. In
the southern parts of the county, and generally in the
fertile districts, great improvements have been made \n
the breed of this latter stock, by the introduction of
English and Scotch cows of the most esteemed sorts.
The Durham is a general favourite, but is too delicate
for the climate except in sheltered situations ; the North
Devon and Hereford do not attain to so great a size as
at home. The cross which appears best suited to the
richer parts of the county, is that between the old Lei-
L E I T
LEI T
cester and Durham ; and in the upland districts, the
blood of the Leicester mixes well with that of the native
long-horned stock, producing a large and useful animal
well adapted to the sod and climate, which thrives well,
fattens rapidly, and makes excellent beef. The breed of
Sheep has also been greatly improved : the new Lei-
cester answers well on the limestone soils, and, in both
size and fleece, is not inferior to any in England. But
the breed most encouraged is a cross between the Lei-
cester and the native ; the fleece is good, and the flavour
of the mutton highly esteemed. Pigs, though numerous,
are neither so general nor so good as in some of the
northern and southern counties. Goats are found most
frequently at the foot of the mountains, and are often
an appendage to the cabin on the plain ; but they are
not by any means so common as in the mountainous
counties of Munster. The Horse, which appears to
combine the characteristics of all the breeds to be met
with in Roscommon, Longford, and Sligo, is not so good
as that of any of those counties, being mostly small and
light : the gentlemen and large farmers, however, have
horses admirably adapted for the saddle. A light and
useful one-horse cart has every where superseded the old
solid wheel and slide car.
Leitrim was formerly celebrated for its numerous and
extensive forests. So lately as 1605, five are distinctly
mentioned as being of very considerable extent, under
the names of the forests of Drummat, Clone, Drumda-
ragh, Cortmore, and Screeney ; all of these have long
since disappeared, and this county, like the rest of Con-
naught, presents a bleak and denuded aspect. Yet
vestiges of woods are seen around Lurganboy and Wood-
ville, which have some appearance of the remains of
ancient forests ; aud there are old plantations, contain-
ing full-grown timber, in various parts, with others of
modern growth around some of the mansions of the
gentry : there arer also several nurseries. An orchard
and a good kitchen-garden are a usual appendage to the
farmhouse.
The GEOLOGY of the county presents many remark-
able features. The lowest strata are those of the pri-
mary mountain range entering from the county of Sligo
and extending from south-west to north-east : this
range is mostly composed of mica-slate ; a green
steatite, thickly studded with valuable garnets, has been
found at the foot of a mountain near Lurganboy. On
the western base of Benbo, a clay of a blueish- white hue
has been found, and used for fullers' -earth ; the western
side of the same mountain is traversed by a metallic
vein containing copper pyrites, which was formerly
wrought. Veins of the sulphuret of lead have also
been largely wrought in several places between Benbo
and Lurganboy. This primary range is generally bor-
dered on both sides by beds of variously coloured free-
stone, to which limestone succeeds in every direction,
occupying the remainder of the northern portion of the
county and forming part of the great limestone field of
Ireland. All the central portion of the county forms
part of the Counaught coal field, constituting a vast
basin of which Lough Allen is the centre. The princi-
pal vein of coal is about three feet thick, of very great
extent, and of excellent quality both for domestic pur-
poses and for smelting ; but the beds are often inter-
rupted by faults, by which portions of the strata are
broken and thrown upwards from 20 to 40 yards. It
216
was originally discovered in the Munterkenny moun-
tains, and such was the importance attached to the
discovery that a parliamentary grant was made for the
formation of roads to it ; but the workings were soon
discoutinued in consequence of a fault, by which the
stratum was considerably elevated, and which induced
the workmen, who were ignorant of the cause of the
interruption and of the means of remedying it, to relin-
quish any further operations. In the northern part of
the coal district, the beds are found only in the higher
parts of Lugnacuillagh and Lacka. Extensive quarries
of fine-grained yellowish-white sandstone are worked
near the summit of Glanfarn mountain, for window-seats
and various ornamental purposes. Lacka mountain
contains a great bed of sandstone, the strata of which
form a succession of abrupt precipices with considerable
flat intervals between them ; above the sandstone are
beds of slate-clay succeeded by layers of coal from 4 to
6 inches thick, alternating with beds of sandstone : this
field has been but little worked. The stratification of
Lugnacuillagh mountain, on the bordersof Cavan, much
resembles that of Lacka. The remainder of the coal
district to the east of Lough Allen is composed of the
great mountain group of Slieve-an-irin, or Slieve-an-
Jaroin, "the Iron Mountain;" its stratification is ex-
tremely irregular. Three layers of coal have been dis-
covered in it, one of them of good quality, 18 inches
thick. Rich clay iron-stone abounds also at various ele-
vations, and was worked so long as timber could be
procured to feed the furnaces : those of Drumshambo,
the last in operation, were abandoned in 176.5. The ore
of Slieve-an-irin is said to be far richer than that on the
Roscommon side of the lake. In the channels of many
of the streams descending from it, are beds of pipe-clay
and yellow ochre. Manganese is also found in great
abundance.
The manufactures are few : the principal are the spin-
ning of flax and the weaving of linen-cloth, which arc-
carried on in some parts to a considerable extent ; the
greater part of the cloth is sold in the open market to
the merchants and bleachers of the county, and the re-
mainder is purchased by buyers from the neighbouring
northern counties. There are only four bleach-greens
now in operation, in which about 32,000 pieces are
annually finished, principally for the English market.
Coarse pottery is made near Dromahaire and Leitrim,
in quantities sufficient to supply the domestic demand.
Friezes, flannels, and woollen stuffs are made in various
parts, and are considered equal to any of Irish fabric,
particularly the flannels, which are in great esteem and
always command good prices. The commerce of the
county is on a very limited scale, consisting chiefly in
the sale of butter, live cattle, pigs, and a small portion
of the manufactured articles above noticed. Fresh-water
fish of every kind are abundant in all the rivers and
lakes ; very fine salmon are caught in the Bundoran
river, below Lough Melvin ; and off the coast, great
quantities of herrings, sprats, cod, ling, and whiting, are
taken.
The principal of the numerous rivers is the Shan-
non (originally Sionan, signifying " calmness," but after-
wards written Shenaii), which enters the county in a
copious stream about four miles from its source in the
midst of the lonely district of Glangavlin, in the county
of Cavan, and descends southward into Lough Allen,
L E I T
I. E I T
whence it emerges near Drumshambo and pursues a
winding southern course by Leitrim, Carrick-unShan-
non, Jamestown, and Drumsna ; it thence proceeds
south-eastward, and, after forming the Loughs Bodarig
and Boffin, quits the county below Rusi<ey. Through-
out the whole of its course from Lough Allen to this
point, it separates the county from that of Roscommon,
and is navigable. The Ahhain-lS'nUle, which takes its
name from St. Naille, or Natalis, who built a monastery
at its source, rises in Killowman lake, on the summit of
Lacka mountain, whence it issues in a copious stream ;
and, being soon joined by other rivulets, becomes a river
of considerable size, and descends with rapidity to join
the Shannon. Tlii; Duibhachiir river suns from Bel-
hovel lake southward into Lough Allen : it is but four
miles in length, and is at first a small stream ; but being
joined by numerous tributaries descending from the
mountain and hills of Barradaaltdeag, or " the tops of
the twelve dingles," it becomes both wide and deep.
The smaller rivers are very numerous, rippling through
endless varieties of scenery in various parts of the county ;
one worthy of especial notice is the Boonid or Bonnet,
which rises in the parish of Rossinver, and flows along
the beautiful vale of Dromahaire into Lough Gill. The
Shannon has been rendered navigable by means of
several cuts, or short canals. The principal is that
from the south-eastern extremity of Lough Allen to
Battle Bridge, four miles above Carrick ; it was com-
pleted in 1817 by means of a parliamentary grant of
£1.5,000, and is about 5 miles in lengrh. Hitherto it
has been of little advantage ; but from the great mineral
wealth of the districts with which it is connected, the
high reputation the iron found in them has already
acquired, the railway lately constructed from the Arigna
works to Lough Allen, and the numerous advantages to
be expected from a spirit of internal commerce judi-
ciously directed, it is to be hoped that this fine canal,
now nearly choked with reeds, will be made available
towards increasing the prosperity of the county. Other
short cuts, more or less connected with the Shannon
near the shores of Leitrim, belong properly to Ros-
common, and are described in the article on that
county.
The roads are numerous, but by no means well laid
out, nor do they pass through the districts where they
would be most useful to the public. Throughout every
part of the mountainous tracts, with one exception,
there are no passable roads ; the want is generally felt,
and universally admitted, but no effort was made to
remedy it until a recent year, when the grand jury de-
cided upon opening a new mail line from Sligo to Bal-
lyshannon, through the mountains of Roccloghcr, be-
tween Cartrongibbough and the Deerpark : the line is
already marked out, but its formation has not yet com-
menced. This improvement, however, will not touch
upon, or afford an opening into, the rich mineral dis-
tricts of Leitrim. Some important roads have been
formed in various parts, but being made by contract
the foundations are defective, and the roads themselves
are now much neglected, although the materials are
every where most abundant and of superior quality.
Vestiges of the remotest antiquity are not numerous :
there are but two Druidical altars, one within half a mile
of Fena, and the other on the demesne of Lctterfyan ;
they are called respectively by the inhabitants Leaba
Vol. IL— '217
Dearmutli Craine, or " Darby and firaine's Bed or Altar."
Fifteen religious houses are recorded to have formt-rly
existed within the limits of the county ; and there are
still remains of those of Fena, Annaghduff, Clone, Kil-
naille, and Ince in Lough Allen. The castles and forti-
fied mansions were also very numerous : those which
remain, more or less in ruin, are, O'Rourk's Castle, near
the fortified residence called Dromahaire Castle j those
of Jamestown and Longfield ; Castlefore ; Castle John ;
Cloncorrick Castle ; Castle Car ; the fortresses of Dun-
garbery and Manor-Hamilton ; and two castles on the
banks of Lough Gill. The modern seats, which are not
remarkable either for number or grandeur, are noticed
under the heads of the parishes in which they are re-
spectively situated. The farmhouses are usually long
narrow cabins, which sometimes shelter the cattle in
common with the family ; but houses of a better de-
scription, with chimneys, partitions, and separate or
detached buildings, are gradually superseding them. The
fuel is turf, procured in great abundance through every
part of the county. The general food is potatoes and
oaten-bread, sometimes with buttermilk, or with fish ;
butchers' meat is only used at Easter and Christmas,
or on other great festive occasions. The clothing of the
rnen is neat and strong, the coat mostly of frieze, the
smallclothes of corduroy ; the females usually wear a
coarse woollen-stulf petticoat, and of late cotton gowns
have become common. The general character of the
people is that of sobriety and industry : the English
language is every where spoken by adults and children,
and mostly by elderly people, except in the remote
moimtain districts, and even there it rarely occurs that
a person is met with who cannot speak it. The prin-
cipal natural curiosities, besides those already noticed
as forming grand features of the surface, are the chaly-
beate and sulphureous springs, of which latter the most
noted are the spas of Drumsna, Meelock, and Athi-
monus, besides several about Drumshambo and Cash-
carrigan. The chief chalybeate spas are those on the
border of Cavan, at the northern extremity of Lough
Allen ; and Oakfield, within two miles of the sea. In
1*83, Robert Clements, Esq., was created Baron Leitrim
of Manor-Hamilton ; he was advanced to the viscounty
in 1793, and created Earl of Leitrim in 1795, which titles
are now enjoyed by his son.
LEITRIM, a parish, partly in the union of Lismore,
barony of CosHMORE and Coshbride, county of Wa-
TERFORD, but chiefly in that of Fermoy, barony of
Condons and CLONGinnoNS, county of Cork, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 4 miles (E.) from Kilworth ; on the
north side of the river Blackwater, and on the road
from Fermoy to Lismore ; containing '2579 inhabitants.
It comprises 71'28 statute acres. Of the land, which is
of variable quality, that portion on the banks of the
river is the best : limestone, brownstone, and slate are
found in the parish, of which the former is quarried for
agricultural purposes, but the latter two are not worked.
The only seat is Kilmurry, beautifully situated in the
midst of some extensive improvements at the junction
of the two counties, which are here separated only by a
small glen stream and a mountain path. Leitrim is in
the diocese of Cloyne ; the rectory is impropriate in
William Norcott, Esq., and the vicarage forms part of
the union of Kilworth. The tithe rent-charge is £345.
payable in equal portions to the impropriator and the
L El X
vicar. la the Roman Catholic divisions the parish also
forms part of the union or district of Kilworth. In the
demesne of Kilmurry was discovered, some years since,
a number of human skeletons ; which circumstance,
combined with the word Kil, has led to the inference
that a church, or cell to some religious house, formerly
existed here.
LEITRIM, a parish, in the union of Loughrea,
barony of Leitrim, county of Galway, and province
of CoNNAUGHT, 8 milcs (W. N. W.) from Portumna, on
the road to Loughrea; containing 1562 inhabitants.
This parish, which is bounded by the Slievebaughta
mountains, comprises 4098^ statute acres ; the land is
in general in a profitable state of cultivation, and there is
very little bog. The principal seats are Carrowkeel and
Dalystown. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Clonfert,
forming part of the union of Lickmolassey ; the rectory
is appropriate to the see, and the tithe rent-charge of
the parish is £51. 8. 8., of which £10. 7- 9. are payable
to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the remainder
to the vicar. There is no church, glebe-house, or glebe.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head
of a district, comprising also the parish of Kilcooley ;
the chapel here is a neat edifice, and there is also a
chapel at Kilcooley. There is a school, of which the
school-house was built by the Hon. F. Ponsonby. Con-
siderable remains exist of the castle of Leitrim, in good
preservation ; and the ruins of an old chapel are at-
tached to it, the cemetery of which is still used. Petri-
fied cockle and muscle shells are found at Carrowkeel,
which is about 18 miles distant from the sea.
LEITRIM, a village, in the parish of Kiltoghart,
union of Carrick-on-Shannon, barony and county of
Leitrim, and province of Connaught, 3 miles (N. by E.)
from Carrick-on-Shannon, and on the eastern bank of
the river Shannon ; containing 68 houses, and 406 in-
habitants. It is recorded that St. Mac Liegus, son of
Cernac, was bishop of Lietdrumai, or Liathdromen,
which was the original name of this place. A castle
existed here in ancient times, from which, or, as some
state, from the castle of Dromahaire, Dervorghal, wife
of O'Rourk, Prince of Breffny, was taken by Dermod,
King of Leinster ; which was one of the causes of the
English invasion. There are some remains of ancient
buildings, which probably formed part of the castle.
Fairs are held on Jan. ^'ind, Feb. 21st, March 25th,
May 5th, June I6th, July 23rd, Sept. 1st, Oct. 13th,
and Dec. 1st. Leitrim was formerly a place of im-
portance, and gave name to the county.
LEIXLIP, a market and post town, and a parish,
in the union of Celbridge, partly in the barony of
Newcastle, county of Dublin, but chiefly in the
barony of North Salt, county of Kildare, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 12 miles (N. N. E.) from Naas, and
8 (W.) from Dublin ; containing 2033 inhabitants, of
whom 1086 are in the town. This place was included
in the grant made to Adam Fitz Hereford, one of the
earliest of the English adventurers, who is said to have
built the castle, which is situated on an eminence over-
looking the river Litfey, and according to tradition was
the occasional residence of John, Earl of Morton, while
governor of Ireland in the reign of his father Henry II.
Leixlip was afterwards granted to the abbey of St.
Thomas' Court, Dublin ; and by an inquisition in 1604
it appears that Thomas Cottrel, the last abbot of that
218
LEI X
house, was seized of the manor of Leixlip, and the right
of a flagon of ale out of every brewing in the town.
The castle and manor were subsequently purchased by
the Right Hon. Thomas Conolly, speaker of the Irish
house of commons, and are now the property of Colonel
Conolly, of Castletown. This venerable castle was the
favourite retreat of several of the viceroys, of whom
Lord Townsend usually spent the summer here ; it is at
present the residence of the Hon. George Cavendish, by
whom it has been modernised and greatly improved.
The other seats are Rye Vale, Leixlip House, and Music
Hall.
The TOWN is situated near the confluence of the Rye
Water with the river Liffey, over which is an ancient
stone bridge of three arches ; and on the coach-road from
Dublin to Galway. It consists only of one street ; the
houses, 152 in number, are irregularly built, and, with
the exception of a few of handsome appearance, have
generally an aspect of negligence and decay. The inha-
bitants are amply supplied with water from springs.
On the banks of the Liffey are rolling-mills for the
manufacture of bar and sheet iron, and near them is a
flour-mill ; a mill race 40 feet wide has been constructed
in the castle demesne, for the purpose of turning an-
other mill, or for applying water power to some manu-
factory. On the Rye Water is the Rye Vale distillery,
which produces more than 20,000 gallons of whiskey
annually. In the excise arrangements the town is
within the district of Naas. The Royal Canal approaches
within half a mile, and is carried over the Liffey by an
aqueduct nearly 100 feet high ; affording facility of
water-carriage to Dublin. The market is on Saturday ;
and fairs are held annually on May 4th and Oct. 9th.
There is a constabulary police station.
The PARISH comprises 3202 statute acres ; a consider-
able portion of the land is in pasture for fattening stock
for the Dublin, Liverpool, and Bristol markets, and the
remainder is under tillage. The soil is good, and the
system of agriculture slowly but progressively improv-
ing ; there is neither waste nor bog, and, from the con-
sequent scarcity of fuel, the peasantry are dependent on
such precarious supplies as they can find in the roads
and hedges. Limestone is very abundant, and is quar-
ried to a considerable extent, for building, and also for
burning into lime for manure. The country around,
though deficient in those striking features of romantic
grandeur which distinguish the neighbouring county of
Wicklow, concentrates much that is pleasing and pic-
turesque in landscape. The surface is finely undulating,
and richly diversified with wood and water ; and the
view embraces the town with its bridge, numerous
elegant seats with highly cultivated demesnes, ancient
and picturesque ruins, distant mountains, and a variety
of other interesting features of rural scenery. The
LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dub-
lin, united by act of council, prior to 1662, to the vicar-
ages of Esker and Lucan, the curacies of Confoy and
Stacumnie, and the denominations of Aldergh, West-
morestown and St. Catherine's, and in the patronage of
the Archbishop. The tithe rent-charge for the whole
union is £450. The glebe-house was built in 1822, by
the then incumbent, partly by aid of a loan of £562
from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe consists of
23 acres of profitable land. The church, an ancient
structure with a massive square tower, has been re-
I. E N E
L E S K
paired by a grant of £291 from the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Maynooth and Lcixlip ; the
chapel, lately built, occupies a commanding site pre-
sented by Colonel ConoUy. In the parish is a chaly-
beate spring of great strength and purity, which was in
high repute towards the close of the last century ; in
winter the water is somewhat tepid : it is situated about
half a mile from the town, by the side of the canal.
The Right Hon. Thomas Conolly intended to build a
pump-room and an hotel ; but dying before they were
commenced, the design was abandoned for the more
fashionable spa of Lucan, which is nearer to Dublin.
LEMANAGHAN, or Kilnegarenagh, a parish, in
the union of Pausonstown, barony of Gaurycastle,
King's county, and province of Leinster, 4 miles
(S. W.) from Clara ; containing, with the villages of
Ballycumber, Bellair, and Grogan (which are separately
described), 5S06 inhabitants. This place, which is also
called Melain, is situated on the river Brosna ; and
appears to have derived its name from St. Manachan,
probably the founder of the monastery here, of which
he died abbot in 661. The establishment continued to
flourish till 1'205, after which it became a parish church ;
and there are still some remains of the building, sur-
rounded hy a large tract of bog. The parish com-
prises 19,615 statute acres, of which 200 are woodland,
67-iO arable, 4000 pasture, and the remainder bog ; the
system of agriculture is very backward, little improve-
ment having been made within the last two centuries.
Limestone abounds, and is quarried for agricultural and
other purposes. The principal seats are Beliair, Pros-
pect, Moorock, The Doon, Castle Armstrong, Bally-
cumber House, Twickenham, and Hollybrook. Fairs
are held at Ballycumber on Dec. 1st and ]\Iay 2nd, for
horned-cattle, sheep, and pigs, but they are very indif-
ferently attended ; and petty-sessions are held alter-
nately at Bellair and Doon, on Fridays.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Meath, formerly held by faculty with the rectory and
vicarage of Tessauran, but now separately, and in the
patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is
£311. 11. ; there is no glebe-house, but there is a neat
small cottage, on the glebe, which comprises 79 acres.
The church is a plain edifice, situated at Liss, and built
in 1826, partly by parochial assessment, but chiefly by
aid of a loan of £1000 from the Board of First Fruits ;
and an organ was erected in it at the cost of T. H.
Mulock, Esq. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is in the diocese of Ardagh, and forms part of
the district of BaUinahone : the chapel is a very humble
building ; on the altar is an ancient shrine, supposed to
contain the bones of St. Manachan. A dispensary is
supported at the expense of Dr. MoUoy, who has also
invested £.500 in a loan fund, which is supported solely
by him. There are some remains of tlie castle of Le-
raanagban ; and at Doon are the remains of the ancient
castle of the O'lNIooneys, now in the possession of R. J.
E. Mooney, Esq., a lineal descendant of that family,
whose residence is on the estate. Of the castle, which
was a spacious structure on a rock, only one tower is
remaining ; it is thickly overspread with ivy, and forms
a picturesque object.
LENEY, a parish, in the union of Mullingar,
barony of Corkaree, county of Westmeath, and pro-
219
vince of Leinster, 6 miles (N. N. W.) from Mullingai,
and on the coach-road from Dublin to Siigo ; contain-
ing, with the village of Ballinalack, 1455 inhabitants.
This parish, which is bounded on the south-west by
Lough Iron, and on the south-east by Lough Hoyle,
comprises 42.'11^ statute acres, chiefly under tillage;
the system of agriculture is unimproved : there in but
very little bog ; black stone of a good quality is quarried
for building, and also for flags. The seats are, Clan-
hugh, a lodge belonging to Lord Forbes ; and Lake-
view. Fairs are held at Ballinalack twice in the year.
The living is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of
Meath, cpiscopally united to the curacies of Templeoran,
Kilmacnevin, Lecken, and Tyfernon, together consti-
tuting the union of Lcney, in the patronage of Sir J. B.
Piers, Bart., in whom the rectory is impropriate. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £8.S. 1 1. 6., payable
to the impropriator; the curate's stipend is £78, arising
from payments of £64 per annum from Primate Boul-
ter's, and £14 from Bishop Evans's, fund. The glebe-
house was erected in 1817, by a gift of £450 and a loan
of £50 from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe com-
prises 20 acres of profitable land, subject to a rent of
£36. 2. 6. The church, a plain edifice, was built (near
the village of Brumbrusna) by a loan of £350 from the
same Board ; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
lately granted £129 for its repair. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of
Multifarnam. The Farra Charter-school, for boarding
and clothing 100 children, and apprenticing them with
a premium of £7, and a gratuity of .£3 to each boy on
the expiration of his indentures, was endowed by the
Rev. W. Wilson ; the parochial school is supported
under the patronage of J. Gibbons, Esq., who gives the
master £10 per annum with a house and garden, and
appropriates 2^ acres of land to it.
LERRIGS, a village, in the parish of Kilmoiley,
union of Listowel, barony of Clanmaurice, county
of Kerry, and province of Muxster, 7 miles (N.) from
Tralee, on the road to Causeway ; containing 26 houses,
and 116 inhabitants. The Roman Catholic chapel for
this portion of the district of Ardfert is situated in the
village.
LESKINFERE, or Clough, a parish, in the union
and barony of Gorey, county of 'Wexford, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 2^ miles (S. W.) from Gorey, on the
high road to Enniscorthy ; containing 1260 inhabitants.
During the disturbances of 1799, a battle was fought at
Tubbernecarig Rock, in this parish, between the king's
troops and the insurgents, in which Colonel Walpole,
who commanded the former, was killed. The parish
comprises 5380| statute acres, the greater portion
under tillage : the soil in some parts is poor and
shingly, but in general moderately good ; there is an
abundance of marl, which is used as manure. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, united by
act of council, in 1739, to the rectories of Ballycannew,
Kiltrisk and Monomolin, forming together the union of
Leskinfere, and constituting the corps of the treasurer-
ship of Ferns, in the patronage of the Bishop. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £238. 10., and of the
entire benefice £777- 16. The glebe-house was built by
the late incumbent, in 1605, at" an expense of £1400,
towards which t*e Board of First Fruits gave £100 ; it
has been surrounded by the present incumlient with a
2F2
LETT
thriving plantation. Tliere are 64 acres of glebe in the
union, of which 1 6 are attached to the glebe-house.
The church, a handsome edifice in the later English
style, with a square embattled tower crowned with
pinnacles, was erected in 1S31 by a loan of £1250
from the Board of First Fruits ; the churchyard is well
planted. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Camolin. About 100 chil-
dren, Protestant and Roman Catholic, are taught in the
parochial school : the school-house is a neat building,
erected chiefly by aid of a grant of £60 from the Lord
Lieutenant's fund ; it is about to be enlarged. At
Tubbernecarig is a strongly impregnated chalybeate
spring.
LETTERKENNY, a market and post town, and
the head of a union, in the parish of Conwall, barony
of KiLMACRENAN, county of DONEGAL, and province
of Ulster, 13i miles (W.) from Lifford, and 116|
(N. W.) from Dublin, on the road from Lifford to Ra-
melton and Dunfanaghy ; containing 2161 inhabitants.
It is situated on the river Swilly, over which are two
bridges, and consists of one street with a market-square,
containing 35S houses. The market is on Friday, and
is well supplied with provisions ; the fairs are on the
Friday before Christmas, Easter-Monday, May 12th,
July 10th, the third Friday in August, and Nov. Sth.
The Belfast Bank has a branch here. In the excise
arrangements the town is within the district of Lon-
donderry. A constabulary police force is stationed at
Letterkenny ; petty-sessions are held every Wednesday,
and the quarter-sessions for the county are held here in
April and October : the court-house is a neat building,
and there is a bridewell, containing six cells and two
day-rooms, with two airing-yards. In the mountains
in the vicinity are great quantities of stone of good
quality, and some marl ; on the shores of the lough are
potters'-clay and clay for bricks. The river is navigable
from Lough Swilly to this place for vessels of 1.50 tons'
burthen. The parish church, and the Roman Catholic
chapel of the district of Aughnish, a plain small build-
ing, are situated in the town ; and there are two places
of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the
General Assembly, and one for Covenanters ; also a
national school, a dispensary, and a small fever hospital.
The union workhouse, on a site of 4^: acres purchased
for £480, was completed in 1842, at a cost of £5*90,
and is constructed to contain 500 paupers. Near this
place were the ancient English settlements of Drum-
more and Lurgagh, comprising about 2000 acres, with
a bawn of brick and a castle of stone in a strong posi-
tion, and a village at some distance, in which were 29
British families able to muster 64 men-at-arms ; Dun-
boy was a territory comprising 1000 acres, where, at
the time of PjTinar's survey, in 16 19, John Cunning-
ham had a strong bawn 70 feet square and 14 feet high,
defended by two lofty towers, with a castle and 26
houses and a mill within the inclosure, the houses
tenanted by British families able to muster 50 armed
men.
LETTERLUNA, or Letter, a parish, in the union
of Parsonstown, barony of Ballybrit, King's county,
and province of Leinster, li mile (N.) from Kinnitty,
and on the road from Dublin to Parsonstown ; con-
taining, with the village of Cadamstoww, 1115 inhabit-
ants. The parish comprises 8430 statute acres. The
220
LEWI
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kil-
laloe ; the rectory is partly impropriate in H. Malone,
Esq., and partly united to the vicarage, which forms
part of the union of Kinnitty ; the tithe rent-charge is
£55. 7- 9., of which £13. 1*. are payable to the impro-
priator and the remainder to the incumbent. There
is neither church, glebe-house, nor glebe. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Kinnitty or Longford.
LETTERMACWARD, a parish, in the union of
Glenties, barony of Boylagh, county of Donegal,
and province of Ulster, 21 miles (W. S. W.) from
Letterkenny, and on the road from Killybegs to Rutland
Island ; containing 2475 inhabitants. This parish,
which is situated on the river Guibarra, comprises
20,8005 statute acres, of which 512 are in the tideway
of the river, and 503 in lakes ; of the remainder, a large
portion is mountain waste and bog. The system of
agriculture is in an unimproved state, a very small por-
tion of the land being under tillage ; there are strong
indications of rich lead-ore, in which silver-ore has been
found. Fairs are held on Feb. 20th, May 20th, Aug.
20th, and Oct. 1st, for cattle and sheep; and manorial
courts are held occasionally. Prior to the 25th of
March, 1835, this parish formed part of the corps of
the deanery of Raphoe, from which it was then sepa-
rated. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage of the Crown :
the tithe rent-charge is £67. 1. 6. The glebe-house was
built by a gift of £450 and a loan of £50 from the late
Board of First Fruits, in 1828; the glebe comprises
four acres. The church is a plain edifice, erected about
I7S8. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
the head of a district, comprising also a portion of the
parish of Templecroan ; the chapel here is a small build-
ing, and there is also a chapel at Templecroan. The
parochial school is partly supported from Colonel
Robertson's fund ; another school was built with the
surplus of the funds granted by the Board of First
Fruits for erecting the glebe-house. Very large seals
are taken in the river Guibarra. Near the glebe-house
is a large moat.
LEWISBURGH, or Louisbourg, an ecclesiastical
district, and a market and post town, in the parish of
Kilgavower, union of Westport, barony of Murrisk,
county of Mayo, and province of Connaught, 1 1 miles
(\V. S. W.) from Westport. This place is situated near
the mouth or entrance of Clew bay, ou the southern
shore; the district is romantic and beautiful in the
summer months, and well worthy of the notice of
tourists, but although capable of great improvement, it
is yet in a wild and uncultivated state. It includes the
isles of Clare and Innisturk ; and contains a population
exceeding 12,000, though about sixty years ago it was
almost entirely uninhabited. The village, which con-
tains 448 inhabitants, has some few good houses lately
built, and would be a suitable place for trade, were
efforts made to encourage it : it has a receiving-house
for letters in connexion with Westport ; a market for
provisions, held on Monday ; and fairs on the 24th of
June, August 4th, and Sept. 29th. A constabulary
police force, also, is stationed in the village. The living
is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Tuam, and in
the patronage of the Bishop and the Incumbent of
Westport ; the stipend is, £80 paid by the incumbent
LICK
L I F F
of Westport, and £46 paid by the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners. The glebe-house, a neat edifice, was built
in 18»6, by u gift of £415 and a loan of £46 from the
Board of First Fruits ; there is a glebe consisting of '20
acres. The church, also a neat edifice, was erected in
1799, and was repaired by the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners in 1839. In the Roman Catholic divisions
Lewisburgh forms a separate district ; the chapel is a
good slated building.
LICKBLA, or Lickblagh, a parish, in the union of
Granard, barony of Demifork, county of West.meatu,
and province of Leinster, 4 miles (N. W.) from Castle-
pollard, on the road to Finae ; containing 2394 inhabit-
ants. This parish is bounded on the north by Lough
Sheelin, and on the west by Lough Kinail and the river
Inny, and is intarsected by the river Glorc, which issues
from the latter lake and falls into the Inny. It com-
prises 8837f statute acres, of which a very large portion
is mountain and bog ; the system of agriculture is im-
proving, and limestone is quarried for building and for
burning into lime. The surface is uneven, and towards
the east marked by mountainous elevations ; the high
rock of Curreagh and the mountain of Moil rise within
the limits of the parish. Lickbla is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Meath, forming part of the union of Rath-
graff; the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of
Westmeath, and the tithe reut-charge is £'20/. 14., of
which £92. 6. are payable to the impropriator, and the
remainder to the vicar. The church has long been a
ruin. In the Roman Catholic divisions Lickbla forms
part of the district of Castlepollard ; the chapel is near
Carlanstown. There are several raths in the parish ;
and on the rock of Moil is found a species of coral.
Near Curreagh are the ruins of Rathcreenagh Castle,
situated on a high mound, with a large rath nearly
adjoining; and at Carlanstoviu are the ruins of a man-
sion belonging to a branch of the Nugent family, of
whom Lord George Grenville Nugent Temple, second
son of the late Marchioness of Buckingham, is, in right
of his mother. Baron Nugent of Carlanstown : a good
farmhouse was built by the late Duke of Buckingham
on the site of the old mansion.
LICKERRIG, a parish, partly in the barony of
Athenry, partly in that of Loughrea, but chiefly in
that of DuNKELLiN, Union of Loughrea, county of
Galway, and province of Connaught, 3 miles (.\. W.)
from Loughrea, on the road to Athenry ; containing
1191 inhabitants, and comprising 446b|- statute acres.
It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Clonfcrt, forming part
of the union of Kilconicky ; the rectory is partly ap-
propriate to the see, partly to the deanery, and partly
to the rectory of Loughrea. The tithe rent-charge is
£65. 5. 9-, of which £17. 6. are payable to the Ecclesi-
astical Commissioners, a similar sum to the dean, £13. 3.
to the rector of Loughrea, and the remainder to the
vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Lickerrig forms
part of the district of Carrabawn, which also comprises
Kilconeran and contains a chapel in each parish.
LICKFINN, a parish, in the barony of Slievar-
DAGH, county of Tipterary, and province of Mu.nster,
3^: miles (N. E.) from Killenaule ; containing 548 in-
habitants. The parish comprises 6S0 statute acres. It
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, and
forms part of the ecclesiastical union of Killenaule ; the
tithe rent-charge is £20. 14.
221
LICKMOLASSY, a parish, in the barony of Long-
ford, union of LuLCiiiREA, county of Galway, and
province of Connaught, on the road from Gort to
Roscrea ; containing, with the post-town of i'ortunnia
(which is separately described), 5742 inhabituntg ; and
comprising 12,1 12f statute acres. The living is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Clonfert, united about 1735 to
the rectory of Ballynakill and the vicarage of Leitrim,
together constituting the union of LIckmolassy, in the
patronage of the Marquess of Clanricarde : the rectory
is appropriate to the see. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £207. 14., of which £34. 12. are payable to the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the remainder to the
incumbent ; the entire tithe of the benefice of the in-
cumbent is £390. 8. The glebe-house was budt in 1813,
and the late Board of First Fruits gave £400, and lent
a similar sum, towards its erection : the glebe of the
union comprises 28 acres. There are two churches ;
one in the town of Portumna, erected in 1832, by aid
of a loan of £1500 from the Board of First Fruits ; and
the other at Woodford, in the parish of Ballynakill. In
the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part
of the district of I'ortumna, which also comprises the
parish of Kilnabronogue and contains the chapels of
Portumna and Lickmolassy, and the friary chapel of
Boula in the parish of Kilnabronogue. Several schools
are supported in the parish.
LICKORAN, or Laucoran, a parish, in the barony
of DECiES-without-DRUM, county of Waterford, and
province of Mu.nster, 5 miles (N. E.) from Cappoquin ,
containing 625 inhabitants, and comprising 2415 statute
acres. It is in the diocese of Lismore ; the rectory is
impropriate in the Duke of Devonshire, and the vicarage
forms part of the union of Whitechurch : the tithe
rent-charge is £57. 13. 4., of which two-thirds are
payable to the impropriator and the remainder to the
vicar.
LIFFORD, an assize town (formerly a parliamen-
tary borough) and a parish, in the union of Strarane,
barony of Raphoe, county of Donegal, and province
of Ulster, 1 mile (\V.) from Strabane, and 102 (N. by
W.) from Dublin, on the road from Strabane to Letter-
kenny ; containing 5686 inhabitants, of whom 752 are
in the town. This place, formerly called Ballyduff and
Liffer, and of which the parish still retains its ancient
name of Clonleigh, was first distinguished as the resi-
dence of the chiefs of the sept of the O'Donells, who
had a strong castle here, in which Manus O'Donell,
Prince of Tyrconnell, after being detained prisoner for
the last eight years of his life by his own son Calvagh,
died in 1563. Hugh O'Donell, called Red Hugh, in
1596, entertained in this castle Don Alonzo Copis,
emissary of Philip III. of Spain, who had been sent to
ascertain the state of Ireland previously to the em-
barkation of a Spanish force for its assistance against
the English. In 1600, Nial Garbh O'Donell, who had
abandoned the cause of Hugh, led 1000 men of the
English garrison of Derry to this place, which, from
the previous destruction of its castle, was defended only
by ramparts of earth and a shallow ditch. On the
approach of the English, the garrison of Hugh O'Donell
abandoned the place, and encamped within two miles
of it ; and the English took possession of the post,
which they fortified with walls of stone. Nial O Donell.
after some weeks had elapsed without any action taking
LIF F
LIME
place, observing some disorder in the camp of Hugh,
advised the English to attack it ; but after an obstinate
battle, in which many were killed on both sides, the
EngUsh retreated to their fortifications, and Hugh
O'Donell soon after led his forces into Connaught to
oppose the young Earl of Clanricarde. Under the pro-
tection of this English fortress the present town first
arose, and in 1603 had attained such importance that
a market was granted by James I. to Sir Henry Docwra,
Knt., governor of Lough Foyle. In 1611, the "village
of Liffer," with the fortress and about 500 acres of land
adjoining, were, on the settlement of Ulster, given by
James to Sir Richard Hansard, with right to hold two
fairs in the town ; on condition that he should, within
five years, assign convenient portions of land to sixty
inhabitants for the erection of houses with gardens, and
■200 acres for a common ; and that he should also set
apart 100 acres for the keep of 50 horses, should His
Majesty think proper to place a garrison of horse in the
town. The same monarch, in the 10th of his reign,
granted to the inhabitants a charter of incorporation,
under the designation of the " Warden, Free Burgesses,
and Commonalty of the Borough of Lififer;" from which
time its progress was gradual.
The TOWN is situated in a beautiful valley at the base
of an extensive range of mountains, and on the western
bank of the river Foyle, over which is a stone bridge of
twelve arches leading into the county of Tyrone. It
consists of two streets, and contains 122 houses, of
which several are neat and well built : the market and
fairs have been discontinued. There are infantry bar-
racks for 3 officers and 54 non-commissioned officers
and privates. A post under Strabane has been esta-
lished ; and there is a constabulary police station in the
town. The corporation by the charter consisted of
a warden, 12 free burgesses, and an indefinite number
of freemen, assisted by two serjeants-at-mace and other
officers. The warden, who was also clerk-of-the-market,
was annually elected from the free burgesses, who were
chosen for life from the commonalty or freemen by a
majority of their own body, by whom also the freemen
were admitted and the serjeants-at-mace and other
officers appointed. The borough returned two mem-
bers to the Irish parliament till the Union, when it
was disfranchised. A court of record for the recovery
of debts to the amount of £3. 6. 8. was granted by the
charter, to be held weekly before the warden, but no
proceedings appear to have issued from it for a long
period ; the corporation seems to have ceased in the
last century to exercise any other municipal function
than that of returning members to the Irish parliament,
and since the Union it has become quite extinct. The
assizes and January quarter-sessions are held in the
town. The court-house is well adapted for holding the
various courts, and the county gaol is a very spacious
and handsome building in the castellated style, the new-
portion on the panoptic plan ; it is divided into six
wards, is well arranged for classification, and capable of
receiving 124 prisoners. The men are employed in
breaking stones, and in pounding bones for manure,
for which there is a large demand, and the women in
needlework, spinning, and washing ; there is a good
school, and the discipline and interior economy have
been recommended to the imitation of the managers of
other prisons.
The parish, which is also called Clouleigh, comprises
12,51*4 statute acres; 153 are in the tideway of the
river Foyle. The principal seats are Clonleigh and
Cavanacor. The river is navigable for vessels of 20
tons from Derry to this place. The living is a rectory,
in the diocese of Derry, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £630, and the glebe
comprises 515 acres, of which 1*7 are uncultivated land.
The church is a neat edifice of stone with a square
tower, and contains a monument to Sir Richard Han-
sard and Anne, his wife, enumerating his various bene-
factions to the town. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms the head of a district, comprising also
the parish of Camus-juxta-Morne : the chapel, within
a mile of the town, is a neat edifice. There is a place of
worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General
Assembly. About 450 children are taught in eight
public schools, of which one was endowed by Sir Richard
Hansard with £30 per annum for a master and £20 for
an usher, both appointed by the Bishop of Derry, who
is visiter ; three are parochial schools, supported, one
by Lord Erne and two by the rector ; and four schools
are in connexion with the National Board of Education.
Mr. Blackburn, in 1S06, bequeathed £200, the interest
of which he appropriated to be annually distributed
among poor householders ; but by some mismanage-
ment the principal has been wasted, and the intention
of the donor frustrated. There are remains of three
religious houses, at Ballibogan, Churchminster, and
Clonleigh ; the monastery of Cluanleodh, according to
Archdall, was founded by St. Columb, and St. Carnech
was bishop and abbot of the establishment in 530.
Lifford gives the titles of Baron and Viscount to the
family of Hewitt.
LIMERICK (County of), in the province of Mun-
STER, bounded on the north by the estuary of the Shan-
non and the county of Tipperary ; on the east by the
same county ; on the south by that of Cork ; and on
the west by that of Kerry. It extends from 52° 17' to
52° 45' (N. Lat.), and from S° 6' to 9° 15' (W. Lon.) ;
and comprises an area of 680,842 statute acres, of which
526,876 'are arable land, 121,101 uncultivated, 11,576
plantation, 2759 in towns and villages, and 18,531 under
water. The population, in 1821, was 218,432 ; in 1831,
248,201 ; and in 1841, 281,638.
Of the tribes mentioned by Ptolemy, the Coriondi ap-
pear to have inhabited this portion of Ireland ; and
although from a very early period it was included ia
the native kingdom or principality of Thomond, it Is
said to have had at one time a separate political exist-
ence, under the name o( Aine-Cliach, or Eoganach-Aine-
Clkich, and to have been divided into five cantreds,
governed by subordinate chieftains. The cantred of
Carrigoginniol belonged to the O'Kiarwieks, and after-
wards to the O'Briens, whence the name of Pubble-
brien was given to the barony ; Uailhney, now the barony
of Owneybeg, belonged to the O'Ryans ; Cmrbre Aobhdha,
or Kenry, to the O'Donovans; Hy-Ciwcnuil-Gabhra, now
the baronies of Upper Connello and Coshma, to the
M'^Eneirys and O'Sheehans ; and Connalla, now Lower
Connello, to the O'Kinealys and O'Thyans. [At the
time of the English invasion, theO'Hurleys, MacSheehys,
O'Gormans, OCollins, O'Coins, O'Scanlans, and O'Hal-
linans, were also among the principal families.] About
the middle of the ninth century, the Ostmen made
LIME
LIME
themselves masters of the city of Limerick and of the
island of Iiiniscattery, in the Shannon ; and they main-
tained their power in both places until the commence-
ment of the eleventh century, when Brien Boroimhe,
King of Thomond, compelled them to become his tri-
butaries. The city subsequently became the chief seat
of the rulers of Thomond, of the O'Brien family,
whence their country was often called the Kingdom of
Limerick.
Heniiy II. granted this kingdom to Herebcrt Fitz-
Herebert ; who having soon after resigned his claim,
it was bestowed upon Philip de Braosa, and the grant
was renewed to him by Richard I., with the exception
of the city and the cantred of the (3stmen, which were
committed to the custody of William de Burgo, who
established a settlement there that defied all subsequent
attacks of the natives. Braosa's grants having been
forfeited, various Anglo-Norman settlements were made
in the county (which was one of the twelve formed by
King John in I'ilO) under Theobald Fitzwalter, ances-
tor of the Butler family ; Hamo de Valois ; William
Fitz-Aldelm ; and Thomas, son of Maurice Fitzgerald.
With these, the O'Briens of Thomond had part posses-
sion ; Donogh O'Brien, lord of Thomond, having been
enfeoffed of the extensive lands of Carrigoginniol by
King John. The Irish of Thomond often proved them-
selves formidable enemies of the English settlers. In
1367, they took prisoner, at Manister-Nenagh, the Lord-
Justice Gerald Fitzgerald and many persons of distinc-
tion ; and at the time of the war between the houses of
York and Lancaster, the county was entirely overrun by
them. During the rebellion of the Earl of Desmond in
the reign of Elizabeth, that nobleman possessed the
towns of Kilmallock, Askeaton, Rathkeale, and New-
castle, then the four chief places in the county ; and the
confiscation of his estates after his death caused the
transfer of a considerable portion of its fertile lands to
new proprietors. It suffered a similar fate in the wars
of 1641 and 168S, each of which considerably increased
the number of English settlers.
Early in the last century. Lord Southwell brought
over a number of German Protestants, whom he settled
at Court-jNIattras, or Castle Matres, near Rathkeale ;
other colonies were also planted in various places
through the county. Their descendants have increased
greatly in number, and are now generally distinguished
by the name of Palatines. For a long time they were
objects of hatred to the native peasantry, but the feel-
ing has gradually though not wholly subsided, and they
are now chiefly noted for their habits of cleanliness and
order, and their superior skill in agriculture and rural
economy. In the year 176'2, a most alarming spirit of
insurrection showed itself in this part of the country ;
the peasantry assembled in great numbers, chiefly by
night, dug up corn-fields, levelled inclosures, houghed or
killed the cattle of the gentry, and even put to death or
treated with great cruelty individuals obnoxious to them
from their harsh mode of collecting the tithes and taxes.
From wearing shirts over their clothes in order to know-
one another in the night, they were called Whiteboys.
Some very severe statutes were enacted to suppress this
spirit, and their observance being enforced by a large
body of the military, tranquillity was after some time
restored ; several of the leaders of the insurrection were
executed, and many of their followers transported. A
223
similar insurrection broke out in 17ft6, in which the
hostility of the insurgents was directed against the same
objects as before ; they even assembled and traversed
the country in military array during the open day, com-
pelling every person they met to take an oath againit
the payment of taxes. They were, however, soon put
down by the strong arm of the law, aided by the
military.
But the pause was of short duration. A new associa-
tion appeared in 1793, under the name of Defenders,
who had so well matured their plans that they made a
simultaneous attack upon the towns of Kilfinane and
Bruff ; and though repulsed from the former by the
spirited resistance of the inhabitants, supported by the
Palatine yeomanry, they succeeded in gaining possession
of the latter. But they were shortly driven out of it,
with some loss of life, by a detachment of the army
against which they had ventured to make a stand. In
1803, a project was conceived of seizing the city of
Limerick, as a means of co-operating with the in^^ur-
gcnts in Dublin under Emmet ; but on learning that
preparations were in progress to oppose them, the men
dispersed. Symptoms of disturbance again showed
themselves in 1809 ; and in 181.5 the spirit of discontent
broke out in an insurrection of peculiar violence, which
raged during that and the greater part of the succeeding
year, but was ultimately subdued by the operation of
the Insurrection act. In 1817, a general failure of the
crops occasioned a very distressing famine, which, though
relieved by issues of public money and liberal contribu-
tions of benevolent individuals, entailed on the districts
most visited by the dearth a frightful scourge of con-
tagious disease.
In 1820 succeeded the distresses occasioned by the
stoppage of nearly all the principal banks in Munstcr.
The scarcity of provisions caused by the failure of the
crops in the following year, reduced the peasantry to
the last stage of calamity ; the consequence was, an in-
surrection more maturely planned and vigorously ex-
ecuted than any that had preceded. In every quarter
of the county, predatory bands appeared under the di-
rections of an invisible chief, styled Caitai.v Rock,
declaring their determination to reduce high rents,
tithes, and taxes, and threatening with destruction all
proi)rietors of land who should attempt to disobey their
mandates. The outrages of the insurgents increased
and extended, in spite of the exertions of the gentry,
military, and Roman Cathohc clergy ; Abbeyfeale, on
the borders of Limerick and Kerry, became their chief
place of rendezvous. The police were augmented; large
bodies of regular troops were sent into the county, and
quartered generally in the western baronies. Yet still
the insurgents kept up a kind of guerilla warfare :
parties of them were attacked by surprise, and deprived
of their arms, but when dispersed in one quarter they
shewed themselves suddenly in another, committing
their devastations often in the open day ; the churches
of Kilkeedy, Ballybrook, and Athlacca, together with
several gentlemen's houses, were burnt by them, and
the plundered property publicly and systematically di-
vided among the captors. Several wealthy and influ-
ential persons were murdered, amongst whom was a
Roman Catholic clergyman, who had rashly attempted
to exhort them to submission to the laws j and it was
only under the apphcation of the Insurrection act, and
LIME
the most vigorous exertions of the magistracy, that the
spirit of violence was at length suppressed.
The county is chiefly in the diocese of Limerick, with
some small portions in those of Emly and Killaloe.
For purposes of CIVIL jurisdiction it is divided into
the baronies of Clanv^illiam, Lower Connello, LTpper
Connello, Coonagh, Coshma, Costlea, Kenry, Owneybeg,
Pubblebrien, and Small County. Lower Connello is
subdivided into the barony of Lower Connello, and the
division or barony of Shanid ; and Upper Connello, into
that of Upper Connello, and the division or barony of
Glenquin : these arrangements have been found neces-
sary from the great extent of the two baronies, which
comprised full one-half of the county ; the new divisions
were named after the castles whose ruins are conspi-
cuous near their respective centres. Exclusively of the
county of the city of Limerick, the county contains the
ancient corporate towns of Askeaton and Kilmallock ;
the market-town of Kilfinane; the market and post
towns of Rathkeale, Newcastle, Bruff, Ballingarry, Pal-
laskenry, and Glin ; the post-towns of Castle- Connell,
Shanagolden, Croom, Cahirconlish, Pallasgreine, Adare,
and Broadford ; and the sub-posts of Abbeyfeale, Bar-
rington's-Bridge, Patrick's-Well, and Drumcollogher.
Previously to the Union, it sent six members (besides
the city members) to the Irish parliament, two for the
county at large, and two for each of the boroughs of
Askeaton and Kilmallock ; but, since that period, the
two returned to the Imperial parliament for the county
at large have been its only representatives. The number
of electors registered in 1S41 was 16/0, of whom 385
were £50, 153 £'20, and lO^-i £10, freeholders; <2 £50,
12 £'20, and 74 £10, leaseholders; and 13 £50, and 9
£20, rentchargers : the place of election is the city of
Limerick. The county is in the Munster circuit ; the
assizes are held in the county town, where the court-
house, county gaol, and house of correction are situ-
ated. Quarter-sessions are held at Limerick, New-
castle, Rathkeale, and Bruff; and there are bridewells
at each of these places, and also at Glin, Kilfinane, and
Croom. The local government is vested in a lieutenant,
18 deputy-lieutenants, and 94 other magistrates, with
the usual county officers and 4 coroners. There are
nearly 70 constabulary police stations, having in the
whole a force of one county inspector, six sub-inspectors,
six head-constables, 56 constables, and 286 sub-con-
stables, with seven horses ; the expense of whose main-
tenance in 1842 was £17,170. The lunatic district
asylum for this county and those of Clare and Kerry is
in the city of Limerick ; there are four fever hospitals,
besides that of Limerick, and 30 dispensaries, supported
by county presentments and private subscriptions in
equal portions. The total amount of grand jury pre-
sentments in the year 1844 was £37,320. In military
arrangements the county is included in the Limerick
district.
The general aspect of the surface is flat, though
diversified by many small hills, and in some parts by
mountains of considerable height. The whole western
district, from Loughill to Drumcollogher, is composed
of an unbroken range of mountain, stretching in a vast
but regular and beautiful curve. On the south-east,
the plain country is bounded by the Gnltecs, rising pre-
cipitously to a great elevation, forming the boundary of
Limerick, and stretching thence far into the county of
224
LIME
Tipperary. On the north-east the barony of Owneybeg
embraces the skirts of the Slieve-Phelim mountains,
which form an extensive group penetrating the interior
of Tipperary. In the neighbourhood of Pallasgreine are
several hills of considerable height and beauty. The
Ballingarry hills, lying near the centre of the county,
and rising abruptly from a fertile plain, are very con-
spicuous ; the principal elevation is Knockferine, a conical
mountain, said to be one of the highest in the county.
Another conspicuous height is Knockpatrick, between
Shanagolden and the river Shannon.
From the banks of this river, stretches south-east-
ward a vast tract of land which is justly considered
to be the richest in Ireland, the soil being in general a
deep mellow loam, for the most part based on limestone
and fit for every kind of culture. The most productive
tract, comprising about 100,000 acres, is in the neigh-
bourhoods of BrufF, Kilmallock, Athlacca, and Hospital,
forming part of the district called, from the extraor-
dinary richness of its soil, " The Golden Vale," which
extends through this county in length from Pallaskenry
to Kilfinane and Kilfrush, a distance of thirty-two
miles, and in breadth from Drehidtarsna, by the city of
Limerick, to Abington, a distance of eighteen. The
Carcasses, or low meadow lands, which extend from
the Mague along the Shannon to Limerick, have a sub-
stratum of yellow and blue clay, covered with a black
mould, occasionally mixed with sand and gravel. The
soil of other parts of the county not occupied by moun-
tain, particularly to the west of the river Deel, consists
of a light loam resting on limestone or stiff clay, and
well suited both for pasture and tillage. In several
of the lower districts are small detached portions of
bog, which kind of land is exceedingly valuable in some
places, bringing the high rent of £1 per rood ; when re-
claimed, it is peculiarly adapted to the culture of hemp,
though very little either of flax or hemp is grown in
the county. A great part of the surface of the western
mountains, also, is a light turbary, but not so good as
that in the low grounds. The climate of the county is
remarkably good, and the weather less variable than in
any other county in Ireland ; an effect which has been
much promoted by the drainage and cultivation of the
bogs. It is said, that, in some seasons, the heat of the
summer's sun is scarcely powerful enough to ripen
thoroughly the heavy crops of grain. The entire face
of the country, notwithstanding its great natural fer-
tility, presents a denuded appearance, from the want of
trees ; hedge-rows being very uncommon, and timber
trees in any number being seldom seen except in the
immediate vicinity of the residences of the wealthier
proprietors.
Although a considerable proportion of the soil is
calculated to produce abundant crops, having been
regarded by Mr. Arthur Young as the richest that he
had ever seen, yet not more than a fourth is under
TILLAGE, the remainder being wholly devoted to the fat-
tening of black-cattle and sheep ; and it is here worthy
of observation, that in some leases there is a special
clause, under heavy penalties, to prevent more than one
acre in 20, and in some cases more than one in 50, being
broken up or in any way cultivated. Even where no
such clause exists, if a farmer begins to bring his land
into tillage, it is regarded as a certain indication of ap-
proaching poverty. Many of the landholders round
L I M K
L I M I-
bromin, Bruff, Bulgailine, Kilpeacon, Crecora, and
Lough Gur, are very wealthy, and have stocks of from
400 to 600 head of cattle. In the baronies of Clau-
william and Small County, the quantity of pasture far
exceeds the arable land. The barony of Kenry is the
most remarkable for the abundant crops and fine quality
of its grain. The wheat crops are every where very
heavy ; and the produce of potatoes is about si.\ty
barrels, in some instances one hundred barrels, of
twenty-one st(me each, per acre. The tillage, except on
large farms, which are mostly in the hands of gentle-
men, is generally conducted in a slovenly manner ; and
even the wealthier landholders are not wholly exempt
from the charge of negligence.
In some parts the land is much divided, and wretch-
edly exhausted by the impoverishing system of sub-
letting. The crop of the greatest importance to the
peasant is the potato, the cultivation of which is chiefly
by the spade : the potato is generally followed by
wheat, then oats, or potatoes again, and thus in suc-
cession until the ground is wholly exhausted, when it
is left to recruit its powers by the unassisted efforts of
Dature. This system of subdivision, however, though
too common, is by no means universal. It exists to
a great extent in the neighbourhood of Kildeemo, where
scarcely half a dozen persons in the district keep a
horse, and even more so around Tankards-town, near
Kilmallock ; the con-acre system is also on the increase
in the neighbourhood of Galbally and other parts of
the county. Still there are many good and extensive
practical farmers, and many landlords who discounte-
nance altogether the system of parcelling out and sub-
letting ; and the tillage-farms, in many instances, are
managed under the most approved systems : some few
are drained and well fenced, but these are rare. Irriga-
tion is little if at all practised in the county ; indeed,
the soil is so productive by nature, that most farmers
deem any outlay for its improvement a superfluous ex-
penditure i some even of the more intelligent assert
that sowing grass-seeds, in laying down land, com-
pletely destroys it for the next seven years. Flax grows
here to an extraordinary height ; but notwithstanding
the efforts of the Limerick Chamber of Commerce and
the Agricultural Society, the farmer is not yet convinced
that it will prove a remunerating crop. This and the con-
tiguous county of Clare are famous for their orchards,
which produce the much-esteemed Cackagay cider ;
the most celebrated districts for its manufacture are
those round Pallaskenry, Adare, Croom, Rathkeale, and
Kilpeacon. The greatest variety of apple is to be seen
around the farmhouses of the Palatines.
Dairy farms are very numerous and large, varying from
150 to 600 acres ; their management appears to be well
understood. The cattle are chiefly crosses between the
Leicester, the Devon, the Durham, the Teeswater, the
Kerry, and the old or native Irish ; and the breed
called by the Cork and Kerry farmer " the Limerick
heifer," appears to be admirably adapted to the soil.
The horses are mostly light, being a cross between the
Suffolk and Ayrshire ; in the neighbourhood of Adare,
Croom, and Kilmallock, a very useful and active kind of
horse is to be met with. The breed of sheep has been
greatly improved by crosses with English stock, princi-
pally the Leicester; and in some parts of the county,
considerable flocks are kept. That of pigs embraces
Vol. II.— 225
every variety, but a mixture of the Derkshire and Iritih
appears to fatten with the least trouble, and to be the
most profitable. The agricultural implementB are gene-
rally of the newest and most improved construction,
particularly the plough and the harrow : the old Irish car
is quite banished, except among the very poore.tt people ;
and its place is sup])lied by a light cart, composed of
shafts, and a frame resting on a pair of wheels, on which
is placed an oblong basket of wicker work, capable of
containing a large quantity of field or garden produce,
and removable at pleasure when timber or other bulky
articles are to be conveyed on it. The fences are in
some places stone walls ; in others, large ditches or
banks of sods, with a deep trench on both sides. In
some places, furze is planted on the tops of the banks ;
the thorn fence is very rare. The agricultural associa-
tion for the county holds its meetings regularly in Lime-
rick : it is energetically supported ; many premiums have
been distributed, and much encouragement for improve-
ment held out both by instruction and example, but
little advantage has been derived as yet from its spirited
efforts.
In a GEOLOGICAL point of view the county compre-
hends four formations, the calcareous, coal, sandstone,
and basalt. The Calcareous district comprises the greater
portion of the champaign part of the county, extending
with little interruption from Newcastle in the west to
Abbington in the north-east, and from Mounl-Trencbard
on the Shannon to the eastern boundary of the county
south of Kilfrush, comprising the larger part of the vales
of the rivers that are tributary to the Shannon. The
range is almost uniformly from east to west, and the
dip or inclination westward. It presents much variety
both in structure and colour, the stone being raised in
some places in blocks of very great size, and in others
in thin laminae ; the prevailing colour is light grey, and
it is susceptible of a high polish. The greatest varieties
are near Croom and Manister-Nenagh. Near Askeaton
are some indications of lead-ore, but not of a character
that would encourage any outlay in tracing the veins ■
there are indications of a very valuable ore near Tory
hill. The Coal formation forms the western boundary
of the limestone field. The coal lies in thin seams,
the lower increasing in goodness of quality and in
thickness ; but no attempts of any importance have
yet been made to raise this mineral, except on a small
scale, and from the upper stratum, which is merely a
thin scam of coal shale. The ironstone that alternates
with the coal is only used in road-making ; nor is it
probable that any vigorous researches will be made
in quest of coal while bog fuel can be had in abundance
on the surface. Besides the coal-field above described,
there are thin seams in a glen between Castlereagh,
Galbally, and the town of Tipperary. The Old Red-
sainhloiie formation comprises the hills of Ballingarry.
Knockaderry, and Kilmeedy, which rise abruptly from
a limestone plain and range from the Deel to the Maig
in a direction east and west. The Seic Red-sandstone
comprises the mountains of Castle Oliver, the Long
mountain, the Black mountain, and others from Char-
leville to Glcnbrohane, forming the boundary between
Cork and Limerick, and verging into the Galtees. Th,
Basalt shows itself in the hifl of Ballygooly on the
verge of Lough Gur, in the hills of Knockruadh, Knock-
greine, Cahirnarry, and Carrigoginuiol, and the hill of
LIME
Newcastle. At Linfield, near the Dead river, it rises
to a height of nearly 200 feet, presenting a perpendi-
cular colonnade of massive pillars towards the north,
and bearing a striking resemblance to the promontory
of Fair Head, in Antrim. Some of these pillars are
109 feet long, and approximate to a pentagonal or
hexagonal form ; but in general the basalt of this county
is amorphous. To the south-east of this range is Knock-
greine, " the Hill of the Sun," 500 feet high, with a base
of limestone and a summit of basalt. It every where
contains a large portion of iron. Oxyde of iron and
iron-clay are found in great quantities at the foot of the
hills, and near Bohermore are procured specimens con-
taining shells with an appearance of partial calcination.
There are appearances of greenstone and millstone-grit
in several places ; near Doon is a valuable bed of ex-
cellent freestone. Specimens of very pure copper-ore
have been collected near Abington, and some attempts
made to trace the vein. At Rathraore, in Manister-
Nenagh parish, is a large bed of inferior pipe-clay. Slate,
but of indifferent quality, is obtained in the demesne of
Daragh and at Towerlegan ; and in the mountains near
Athea are procured large, thin, smooth, and very supe-
rior flagstones.
The manufactures and commerce, except an incon-
siderable supply of coarse frieze, coarse linen, and flannel
for domestic use, and a manufacture of linen and cotton
checks at Glin, centre in the city of Limerick, under
the head of which they are described. There are
bleach-greens, principally for home sale, at Newcastle,
Castle-Connell, and Lingland ; and paper-mills at
Ballygooley, Anacotty, and Rossbryn, the two latter in
the ancient liberties of the city ; also very extensive
flour-mills at Askeaton, Cahirass, Rathkeale, Croom,
Corbally, Kilmallock, and Sunville, whence great quan-
tities of flour are shipped for London, Liverpool, and
the Clyde. The exports are butter, grain, flour, and
salted provisions ; the whole of which are either shipped
at Limerick, or sent to Dublin by the canal, but the
great outlet is by the Shannon. This noble river, of
which some account is given under the head of the
county of Cavan, forms the northern boundary of the
county. Below the pool of Limerick it expands into a
wide estuary, and after a course of about 1/ miles,
mingles its waters with those of the Fergus, forming an
arm of the sea several miles wide, interspersed with
islands of very various character, and discharging itself
into the Atlantic between Loop Head and Kerry Head,
about 60 miles from Limerick. All the rivers of the
interior are branches of the Shannon ; they are the
Maig or Mague, the Commogue, the Daun or Morning
Star, the Deel, and the ' Mulcairne. The Deel is navi-
gable to Askeaton, and the Maig to the parish of Adare.
On the south-west the county is bounded for some
distance by the Feale river, flowing by Abbeyfeale ; and
on the south-east for about three miles by the Funchcon.
Except the short canal above Limerick, made in 17.59,
to facilitate the navigation of the Shannon, there is no
artificial navigation within the county.
The ROADS are every where remarkably good, parti-
cularly those leading respectively from the city of Lime-
rick to Tipperary, a new and excellent line ; to Cork, of
which a great portion is new, and the old portions have
been much improved ; to Tralee, a mail line greatly im-
proved, widened, and levelled ; to Tarbert, on the banks
226
LIME
of the Shannon, a new, level, and excellent road ; and
lastly, the Dublin line, which, though generally good, is
decidedly inferior to any of the others, being circuitous
and hilly, and at Annacotty narrow and dangerous. A
road has been opened through the mountains from
Abbeyfeale to Glin, which is of great advantage to that
part of the country ; another is now open between
Croom and Charleville, on the western bank of the
Maig, for the mail between Limerick and Charleville ;
and a third has also been completed from Kilfinane to
Mitchelstown, forming a shorter and more direct mail
line from Limerick to Fermoy and Cork.
The VESTIGES of ANTiauiTY are numerous, and of
great variety of character. There were two round
towers : that at Ardpatrick fell a few years since ; the
other, at Carrigreen, is in good preservation. Of the
earlier and ruder kind of pagan relics are, the crom-
lech on Bailenalycaellach hill, and two others near it ;
the fortifications on Knocktow ; a large fort at Friars-
town ; a large and very perfect moat at Kilfinane, and
another at Pallasgreine ; a tumulus at Bruree ; an
earthen fort of great height near Croom ; the stone
circles at Grange ; a large dun or intrenched mount,
with raths and other circular fortifications, at Kilpea-
con ; a circular fort divided into segments near Shanid
Castle ; and traces of an ancient city in Cahir Park.
The number of the religious houses that were founded
here is about 35, exclusively of those in the city and
its liberties. There are still remains of those of the
Trinitarians, Augustinians, and Franciscans, at Adare ;
of Monaster na Geailleach ; of Askeaton Abbey ; and
of Kilshane Abbey, in the parish of Ballingarry ; also
several extensive ruins of the ancient college at Mun-
gret ; of Galbally friary ; of Kilflin monastery ; of Kil-
mallock Abbey ; of Monaster-Nenagh Abbey ; and of
the fine old abbey in the parish of Rochestown : all of
which are particularly described in their respective
parishes. The county contains upwards of 50 ruins of
churches : it is, however, but right to observe, that in
many instances new structures have been built in more
eligible situations, and every parish has now a church,
or is united to a parish in which there is one. So nu-
merous were the castles rendered necessary by the
former unsettled state of the country, that they are
sometimes found within half a mile of each other;
there are still ruins, more or less extensive, of nearly
one hundred, which, with the modern seats of the no-
bility and gentry, are noticed in their respective
places.
The peasantry differ little in their manners, habits,
and dwellings, from the same class in the other southern
agricultural counties ; their dwellings being thatched
cabins, their food potatoes, with milk and butter occa-
sionally, their fuel turf, their clothing home-made frieze
and cheap cottons and stuffs. Their attachment to the
neighbourhood of their nativity, and their love of large
assemblages, whether for purposes of festivity or mourn-
ing, are further indications of the community of feelings
and customs with their countrymen in the surround-
ing counties. Among the natural curiosities may be
included Lough Gur, with its romantic knolls, islands,
and cave ; the Castle-Connell chalybeate and astringent
spa ; and the sulphuric spring at Montpelier, in the
parish of Kilnegariff. Bones and horns of the moose-
deer have been found in many parts of the county.
L I M E
I. I M E
Seal.
from five to ten feet deep in boggy groiiiul ; five pnirs
of horns were found at Castle Farm, near Hospital, and
seven pairs near Knoektow. In many parts old fire-
places of the primitive inhabitants are occasionally
turned up, containing burnt black earth, charcoal, and
sooty and siliceous stones.
LfMERlCK, a city, a
county of itself, and the head
of a poor-law union ; situ-
ated on the river Shannon,
locally in the county of Li-
merick (of which it forms
the capital), and jirovince
of MuNSTER, 51 miles (N.)
from Cork, and 94 (s. vv.)
from Dul)lin ; containing, in
1S41, in the parliamentary
borough, 6ri,'29C inhabitants,
of whom 48,39 1 were in the
city and suburbs, and the remainder in the rural dis-
trict. This ancient and important city, supposed by
some writers to be the Regia of Ptolemy, is called liosae-
de-Nailleagh in the Annals of Multifernan ; and is be-
lieved to be the place described under the name of
Liimneach, as forming the western extremity of the
southern half of the island as divided A.M. '2870 and
3970. The last-mentioned name, indeed, appears to
have been modified by the English into its present de-
signation. St. Patrick is said to have visited the dis-
trict about the middle of the fifth century ; but the
first authentic notices of Limerick represent it as a
Danish settlement. The place was plundered by them
in Sl'2 ; and about the middle of the same century they
made this one of their principal maritime stations, sur-
rounding it with walls and towers, which inclosed the
area now occupied by the English Town. Eor nearly a
century their power continued to increase, until Brien
Boroimhe assumed the dominion of Munster and Tho-
tnond, when he expelled the Danes from Inniscattery,
and reduced Limerick ; allowing the inhabitants how-
ever to continue, subject to their own laws and customs,
on payment of an annual tribute, said to have been
fixed at 365 tuns or casks of wine, of 32 gallons each.
In 1064, Turlogh, King of Munster, received here the
homage of Donsleibhc, King of Ulidia ; and his succes-
sor Murtogh, having given Cashel to the church, re-
moved the seat of royalty to Limerick in 1106, from
which time it continued to be the residence of the
kings of Thomond, or North Munster, until its con-
quest by the English : from this circumstance, his
successors were styled indiscrimmately kings of North
Munster or of Limerick. The Danes of Limerick did
not embrace Christianity until the 11 th century, and in
the following they elected their first bishop. In 1153,
Turlogh O'Conor, King of Connaught, besieged the
city, and compelled the Danes to renounce the au-
thority of Turlogh O'Brien, and drive him west of the
Shannon.
A succession of intestine wars among the native
princes was carried on until the landing of Hknry II.,
who soon obtained possession of Limerick, and placed a
garrison here ; but after his departure, Donald O'Brien,
King of Thomond, regained it. In 1175, Raymond le
Gros, with the assistance of the King of Ossory, in-
vested the place, and, by fording the river in the face
2'27
of the enemy, so daunted them that he entered it with-
out opposition, obtained a great booty, and secured the
town by a garrison ; but on the death of Karl Strring-
bow, it was again evacuated by the EngliEb, and subse-
quently burned by order of Donald, who declared that
it should no longer be a nest for foreigners. In 1179,
Henry H. gave the kingdom of Limerick to Herebert
Fitz-IIerebert, who having resigned his claim to an in-
heritance so uncertain, it was granted to Philip de
Braosa ; and he, aided by Milo de Cogan and Robert
Fitz-Stepheu, advanced against the city, which the
garrison set on fire. This so dispirited Braosa, that
he immediately retreated ; and so assured was Donald
O'Brien afterwards of the security of his metropolis,
that, in 1194, he founded the cathedral church of St.
Mary, on the site of his palace. In 1195, the English
appear to have regained p;)Ssession of the city, for it
was then governed by a provost ; but Mac Carthy of
Desmond forced them once more to abandon it.
King John renewed the grant to Pliilip de Braosa,
with the exception of the city of Limerick, the cantred
of the Ostmen, and the Holy Island, which he com-
mitted to the custody of AVilliam de Burgo, who formed
a settlement here which from that period set at defiance
all the efforts of the Irish. A strong castle and bridge
were erected ; and, encouraged by the privileges offered
to them, English settlers flocked hither in great num-
bers, between whom and the inhabitants of the adjacent
country amicable relations appear to have been soon
established ; for, among the names of the chief magi-
strates for the ensuing century, besides those which
seem to be English, Norman or Flemish, and Italian,
there are several purely Irish. Money was coined here
in the reign of John. In 1234, the city was taken,
after a siege of four days, by Richard, Earl Marshal of
England, then in rebellion ; and by the continued wars
in the surrounding country, especially among the
O'Briens, De Burgos, De Clares, and Fitzgeralds, its
progress in commercial prosperity appears to have been
greatly checked. In 130S, Pierce Gaveston, the viceroy,
passed through Limerick with an army, and compelled
O'Brien to submit; but the tranquillity was of short
duration. In 1314 De Clare burned the suburbs; in
1316, Edward Bruce terminated his career of conquest
southward at this place, and kept his court here until
the following Easter. The hostilities of the O'Briens
and others, and the unbounded authority assumed by
the Earl of Desmond and other Anglo-Norman leaders,
rendered additional military defences necessary for the
protection of the city ; and various grants were made
by Edward II. for inclosing the suburbs with a stone
wall, and for repairing the castle. In 1331, the Earl of
Desmond was committed to the custody of the marshal
of Limerick.
In 1337, a dispute arose between the merchants of
Limerick and Galway respecting tolls : which, notwith-
standing the interference of the Lord-Justice, finally led
to open hostilities. In 1340, Limerick was for a short
period the head- quarters of Sir William Windsor, chief
governor, when marching into the west against the
O Briens. During the whole of the fifteenth century,
the fortifications, which, prior to the grants of Edward
II., had comprised only the part of the city insulated
by the Shannon and called the English Town, were ex-
tended so as to include the portion on the southern
2 G2
LIME
bank of the river, called the Irish Town, the defences of
which were completed by the erection of St. John's
gate and the neighbouring works, begun in 1450, but
not finished until 1495. In the reign of Edward IV.,
Connor O'Brien, Prince of Thomond, drove the English
from various parts of ^lunster, and compelled the citi-
zens of Limerick to pay him an annual tribute of 60
marks. Another remarkable proof of the distracted
state of the country is afforded by a statute of the 2Sth
of Henry VI., from which it appears that, owing to the
prevailing power of the " Irish enemy and English
rebels " in the surrounding country, the inhabitants
were under the necessity of deriving their provisions
principally from France, which were sent only on con-
dition of the ships being placed under the special pro-
tection of the King of England. In 1467, a mint was
established in the city ; in I4S4, Gerald, Earl of Kil-
dare, held a parliament here ; and in 1495, the brother-
hood of the guild of merchants was erected.
In the reign of Henry VII. the city recovered some
degree of prosperity ; in 15'24 it was harassed by the
open hostilities, both by sea and land, resulting from
the commercial jealousies between it and Galwaj', but
these were at length terminated by a formal treaty, and
by an injunction from the king, in 1536, requiring a
better demeanour from the men of Galway. In the
reign of Henry VIII., Alderman Sexton, of this city,
took a distinguished part in favour of the British in-
terest. In 1542, the proclamation declaring Henry
king of Ireland was received with demonstrations of
the greatest joy, and in the following year Sir Anthony
St. Leger held a parliament here, in which divers im-
portant acts were passed. Towards the close of Mary's
reign, the Lord-Deputy Sussex arrived in the city to
suppress a revolt of some inferior branches of the
O'Brien family against their chief, on which occasion
the Earl of Thomond and all the freeholders of his
country swore fealty to the crown of England. During
the entire reign of Elizabeth, and throughout the
wars that devastated the whole surrounding province,
Limerick maintained the most unshaken loyalty, and
was made a centre of civil and military administration.
Sir Henry Sydney, lord-deputy, who visited it in
156;, in 1569, and in 1576, states that he was received
here with greater magnificence than he had hitherto
experienced in Ireland. At this period Limerick
is described as a place well and substantially built,
■with walls extending round a circuit of about three
miles.
On the arrival of Sir William Pelham, Lord-Deputy,
in 1579, the mayor appeared before him attended by
1000 citizens well armed; and in 1584, the city militia
amounted to SOO men, being double that of Cork, and a
third more than that of Waterford, demonstrating that
Limerick was then the most important city in the island
next ta Dublin. During the Earl of Desmond's rebel-
lion, the city was for some time the head-quarters of the
English army. From the commencement of the reign
of James I. until the war of 1641, it enjoyed undis-
turbed tranquillity : and notwithstanding accidental
conflagrations, in 1618 and 16»0, considerable improve-
ment in the construction of buildings and public works
took place. The customs' duties for the year ending
Lady-day, 1633, amounted to no less a sum than
£1619. 1. "f. In 1636 the city was visited by the Lord-
L I M E
Deputy Wentworth, who was splendidly entertained by
the mayor for nine days, and on his departure presented
to the corporation a valuable cup of silver gilt. On the
approach of the insurgent army under Lord Ikerrin,
Lord Muskerry, and General Barry, in 164'2, the gates
were thrown open by the citizens ; and the royal gar-
rison, consisting only of 200 men who had shut them-
selves up in the castle, were compelled to surrender after
an obstinate defence ; after which, the magistrates sent
representatives to the Catholic convention at Kilkenny,
and made every exertion to repair and strengthen the
fortifications. In 1646, when it was attempted to pro-
claim the pacification that had just been concluded
between King Charles and the parliament, the attempt
was met by violence ; and afterwards, the supreme
council, headed by Rinuncini, the pope's nuncio, re-
moved hither, to encourage the besiegers of the neigh-
bouring castle of Bunratty, on the Clare side of the
Shannon, in which the parliamentarians had placed a
garrison. In 1650, the Marquess of Ormonde marched
info the city, in the hope of securing it for the king ; but
the nuncio's party having deprived him of all power, he
at length quitted the kingdom, leaving the command of
the royalist troops to the Earl of Castlehaven,who induced
the magistrates to accept his offer to defend them against
the threatened attack of Ireton. The latter, however,
did not commence operations until the spring of 1651 ;
and the siege being protracted until the approach of win-
ter, famine, misery, and death made formidable ravages
among the ranks of both parties. The attempts of the
Irish forces to relieve the place were defeated, but a sally
by O'Nial, who commanded the garrison, nearly proved
fatal to the besiegers. The privations of the inhabitants
at length compelled the troops to turn out all useless
persons, who, to prevent them from communicating the
plague, which then raged at Limerick, to the parliamen-
tarian forces, were, at the command of Ireton, imme-
diately whipped back ; and dissensions gradually arose
among the besieged, as to the propriety of capitulating.
The resistance of the clergy to a surrender being at length
overbalanced by some officers who took possession of
one of the gates and turned the cannon against the city,
the place was surrendered to the besiegers on condition
that the garrison should march out unarmed, and the
inhabitants be allowed time for removing, with their
effects, to any place where they might be appointed to
live. Twenty-four persons were excluded by name from
the benefit of this treaty : the soldiers, who marched out
to the number of 2500, were greatly reduced by disease
contracted by the sufferings of a protracted siege of six
months. After the surrender, the emblems of royalty
were removed, the magistrates displaced ; and for five
years the city was subjected to a military government.
In 1653 an act was passed permitting the English ad-
venturers, officers, and soldiers, to purchase the forfeited
houses at six years' purchase ; and a charter was
granted conferring upon the citizens the same pri-
vileges and franchises as those enjoyed by the city
of Bristol. In 1656, the municipal government was
restored, by the election of a mayor and twelve English
aldermen.
At the Restoration, Sir Ralph 'Wilson, the governor,
declared in favour of the king. He was shortly after
succeeded by the Earl of Orrery, who was instructed to
endeavour to procure good merchants, English and
L I M E
L I M 1-:
Dutch, to inhabit the place, and cause it to flourish by
trade. All the banished merchants were restored to
their freedom and privileges, on entering into recogni-
zances for their peaceful demeanour ; and the inland
trade increased so rapidly that, in iQjl, the tolls of the
gates were let for upwards of £300 per annum. During
a progress through Munster made by tiie Duke of Or-
monde, lord-lieutenant, he was received at Limerick with
great distinction, being attended by the principal nobility
and gentry of the county, and the cavalry militia of each
barony. The same year was remarkable for a drought
in the Shannon, insomuch that the mayor and citizens
perambulated the English Town, dry-shod, outside the
walls ; and the following year a storm, with a high tide,
did great damage.
The accession of James II. caused an alteration in
the religious ascendancy of the corporation ; and after
the battle of the Boyne, the Earl of Tyrconnel esta-
blished his viceregal court in the city. Soon after this,
it was invested by King William in person, at the head
of '20,000 veterans. The siege, undertaken at a late period
of the season, was rendered particularly harassing by
the formidable obstacles opposed to the besiegers by
the fortifications and natural defences of the town, the
abundance of its munitions of war, and the circumstance
of the flower of the Irish army being assembled in and
around it, under General Boiseleau, the Duke of Ber-
wick, and other distinguished leaders, who were enabled
to obtain supplies of every kind from Connaught, and
by sea, where the French fleet rode undisturbed. The
operations of the English army were also greatly cheeked
by the loss of its battering train, which had been inter-
cepted and destroyed by General Sarsfield, in a gallant
attack, within twelve miles of William's camp. A breach
having been at length effected, the besiegers thrice pene-
trated into the town, and as often were beaten back,
until, after a desperate contest of four hours, in which
they lost I7OO men, they were obliged to retire ; William
himself being compelled to raise the siege, and withdraw
towards Clonmel. In the August following, William's
army, now commanded by General de Ginkell, again
invested the town ; and the garrison having been abun-
dantly supplied, and in expectation of succour from
France, the siege was protracted and sanguinary. One
of the most serious conflicts at this period was that in
which 600 Irish were slain, 1.50 drowned, and above 100
taken prisoners, in the defence of Thomond-bridge, the
gates having been closed upon them too speedily, by which
their retreat was cut off. Operations were at length
terminated by the celebrated treaty of Limerick, ratified
on Oct. 1st, and said to have been signed on a large
stone near Thomond-bridge, within sight of both armies.
Two days after, the French fleet arrived on the coast,
and on the 14th entered the Shannon, with a reinforce-
ment of troops and 30,000 stand of arms and ammu-
nition. Both parties now made strenuous exertions to
retain the Irish soldiers in their service : 3000 were
prevailed upon to enter into that of the victorious
monarch ; but the remainder, amounting to upwards
of 19,000 men, embarked for France, and formed the
foundation of the Irish brigade, afterwards so celebrated
in the wars of Europe.
After the embarkation of the Irish troops, the inha-
bitants, who had been compelled by the bombardment
to quit their dwellings, on their return found their
effects destroyed, and the entire city a scene of deso-
lation and misery. While all classes were engaged in
repairing their losses, the poorer by erecting small liutn
under the walls, the richer by re-edifying their houses,
and the soldiers by restoring and enlarging the forti-
fications, a new and unthought of casualty nearly in-
volved the whole in a second destruction : one of the
towers on the quay suddenly fell, and I'Ai barrels of
gunpowder which it contained blew up with a tremen-
dous explosion, by which '240 persons were crushed to
death or dreadfully maimed, some being struck dead by
stones that fell a mile from the town. For more than
60 years after the siege, the fortifications were kept in
complete repair, a garrison and several companies of
city militia maintained, and every precaution of an im-
portant military station observed. In I698, the Mar-
quess of Winchester and the Earl of Galway, lords jus-
tices, on a tour of inspection, visited the city ; which in
the same year suffered most severely by a storm and
high tide. In 1703 an act was passed providing that
no Roman Catholic strangers should reside in the city
or suburbs, and that the existing inhabitants of that
persuasion should be expelled, unless they gave sufficient
securities for their allegiance; but in 17'24 these re-
strictions were removed. During the Scottish rebellion
in 174.5, similar precautions were used, but no symptom
of disaffection was discovered. In 17'>1, a storm, ac-
companied with high tides, overflowed a part of the
place, and did great damage. In I76O, Limeri<k was
declared to be no longer a fortress ; and the dismantling
of its walls and other defences was immediately com-
menced, and completed by slow degrees, as the extension
of the various improvements rendered it necessary. On
the breaking out of the American war, three volunteer
corps were formed under the names of the Limerick
Union, the Loyal Limerick Volunteers, and the Lime-
rick Volunteers.
After the termination of the American war, the im-
provement and extension of the city were renewed with
unexampled spirit : and although contested elections,
and alarms of insurrection in the neighbouring districts,
at times disturbed its tranquillity, they never retarded
its improvement. During the French invasion in 179S,
the city militia distinguished itself by the stand it made
at Collooney under Colonel Verekcr, who in consequence
received the thanks of parliament. In 1S03, a design
was formed by those engaged in Emmett's conspiracy
to take the city by surprise ; and the plan was conducted
with so much secrecy that it was unknown to the mili-
tary commandant in Limerick until the evening pre-
ceding the intended day of attack ; but the prompt and
decisive measures adopted prevented the apprehended
danger. In 1S'21, symptoms of insubordination in the
liberties led to a proclamation declaring the county of
the city to be in a state of disturbance, and to require
an extraordinary establishment of police, which was
accordingly sent. In the winter of 1833, the town
suffered severely by storms and high tides.
The CITY of Limerick, situated in an extensive plain
watered by the Shannon, is composed of three portions,
the English Town, the Irish Town, and Newtown-Pery ;
the whole containing 5866 houses. The EiiglUI, Town,
the oldest, occupies the southern end of the King's
Island, a tract formed by the Shannon, here divided
into two streams of which the narrower and more rapid
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is called the Abbey river. This part of the city, the
houses of which are chiefly built in the Flemish fashion,
is said to resemble Rouen, in Normandy : but, since the
erection of the New Town, it has been deserted by the
more wealthy inhabitants, and exhibits a dirty and
neglected appearance. The Irish Town is also very
ancient, being allotted to the native inhabitants so early
as the reign of King John ; here the streets are wider,
and the houses more modern. Both these parts were
strongly fortified. The suburb called Thomond-gate,
situated on the county of Clare side of the river, at the
end of Thomond-bridge, was formerly the only entrance
to the ancient city, and was protected by a strong
castle i it is now of considerable extent : close to the
foot of the bridge is the stone on which the treaty of
Limerick was signed. Newtown-Pm/, built wholly within
the last 60 years, on elevated ground parallel with the
course of the river, below the union of its two branches,
on a site formerly called the South Prior's Land, which
became the property of the Pery family about 17*0, is
one of the handsomest modern towns in Ireland : a very
fine square was lately erected in it. There are six
bridges. The late Thomond Bridge, leading from King
John's Castle in the English Town to Thomond-gate, on
the county of Clare side, was the most ancient : it was
built in 1210, and subsequently widened, and consisted
of 14 unequal arches, which were originally turned on
wicker work, the marks of which were even recently
apparent in the cement ; its roadway was perfectly
level. The structure was taken down, and replaced by
a new bridge the foundation stone of which was laid in
1836, and the whole opened in 1S43, at an expense of
£1 1,000, whereof £9000 were obtained by loan from the
Board of Works. IVdleslerj-Bridge, erected in 18'27, and
consisting of five large and elegant elliptic arches, crosses
the Shannon from the New Town to the northern, or
county of Clare, shore. Its roadway is level, and its
parapet formed of a massive open balustrade ; on the
city side is a swing-bridge over a lock through which
vessels pass to the upper basin and quays. The late
bridge called the New Bridge, crossing the Abbey river,
and connecting the New Town with the English Town,
was built in 1761, but was so steep and inconvenient
that it was recently resolved to remove it ; and the light
and hand.«ome structure of three arches which now re-
places it was commenced in 1845, and opened on the
26th of February, 1846 : of the cost, £1800, the grand
juries of the county and city gave f.'iOO, and the corpo-
ration the remainder. Baal's- Bridge, higher up on the
same branch of the river, is a beautiful structure of a
single arch, built in 1831 to replace an ancient bridge
of the same name, which consisted of four arches with
a range of houses on one of its sides. On the same
branch of the Shannon is Park-Bridge, an old lofty
structure of five irregular arches. Athlunkard- Bridge,
consisting of five large elliptic arches, crosses the Shan-
non about a mile from the city ; it was erected in 1830
by means of a loan of £9000 from the Board of Works,
£6000 from the consolidated fund, and a grant of £1000
from the grand jury of the county of Clare ; it forms a
communication between Limerick and Killaloe.
The Environs, though flat, are generally very beau-
tiful ; the soil extremely rich ; and the sinuous course
of the Shannon, in many points of view, presents the
appearance of a succession of lakes ; but the landscape
230
LIME
is deficient in wood. Of the four principal approaches,
that from Clare, by Wellesley-bridge, is the best ; the
others are, for the moet part, through lines of inferior
houses, crooked and deficient in cleanliness. In the
vicinity of the city are several good houses and neat
villas, but they are by no means so numerous as its
wealth would lead strangers to expect, as the rich mer-
chants chiefly reside in the New Town. Among the
seats in the neighbourhood, those most worthy of notice
are. Mount Shannon, that of the Earl of Clare, one of
the finest mansions in the south of Ireland ; Hermitage,
of Lord Massy ; Clarina Park, of Lord Clarina ; and
Doonass, on the opposite side of the Shannon, of Sir
Hugh Dillon Massy, Bart. : in the city are the mansions
of the Earl of Limerick and of the bishop.
The Streets in the New Town, which are spacious, in-
tersect each other at right angles, and are occupied by
elegant houses, splendid and well-stocked shops, and
merchants' stores. Patrick-street, George-street, and
the Crescent form a continuous line of houses, extending
about a mile from the New bridge. The city was till
lately lighted with gas under a contract made in 1824
with the United London Gas Company ; the original
engagement was confined to the New Town, but it was
extended by the liberality of the corporation to the Irish
town and Dublin road, and by private subscriptions to
part of the English Town. The Gas Consumers' Com-
pany, of more recent establishment, and of which the
chief shareholders are citizens, now lights the public
streets ; and the terms for lighting in shops have been
much reduced by the competition of the rival com-
panies. Works for supplying Limerick with water were
commenced in 1S34 by a London company : there are
two tanks about a mile from the city, at Cromwell's-
Fort, near Gallows'-Green, on the site of two forts occu-
pied by Cromwell and William III. ; their elevation is
50 feet above the highest part of the city, and 72 feet
above the river, from which the water is raised through
a metal pipe 12 inches in diameter by two steam-engines,
each of 20-horse power. In excavating for a foundation
for the tanks, several skeletons, cannon and musket balls,
armour, and divers remains of military weapons were
found ; and in forming the new line of road along the
Shannon, on the county of Clare side, heaps of skele-
tons were found, some of which were 15 yards in length
and 6 feet in depth ; they are supposed to be the re-
mains of those who died in the great plague. In
military arrangements. Limerick is the head-quarters
of the south-western district, which com'prises the
counties of Clare and Limerick, with the town of Mount-
Shannon, in the county of Galway ; the county of Tip-
perary, except the barony of Lower Ormond, but in-
cluding the town of Nenagh ; and that part of the
county of Kerry north of the Flesk. There are four
barracks ; the Castle barrack, in the English Town, for
infantry, capable of accommodating 17 officers and 270
non-commissioned officers and privates, with an hos-
pital for 29 patients ; the Neir barrack, on the outside of
Nevvtown-Pery, adapted for 37 officers, and 71-i infantry
and cavalry, and 54 horses, with an hospital for 60
patients ; the Artillery barrack, in the Irish Town, for 6
officers, 194 men, and 104 horses, with an hospital for
35 patients ; and an Infantry barrack, in St. John's-
square, for 4 officers and 107 men : a military prison,
lately built in the New barrack, has six cells.
LIME
L I M K
The Limerick Instiiiitioii, founded in 1809, and com-
posed of shareholders and annual subscribers, has a
library containing upwards of '2000 volumes. There
are four newspapers, three published twice a week, and
one weekly. An elegant theatre, erected some years
ago by subscription, at a cost of £5000, was so in-
adequately supported that the building was at length
sold to the Augustinian monks. The Assembly-house,
built in 1/70, at an expense of £4000, and recently
taken down, was not latterly used for its original pur-
pose, the balls commonly taking place at Swinburne's
hotel ; part of it was occasionally used for dramatic
performances. The Ilaiiging-Gardeiis, constructed in
1808 by William Roche, Esq., M.P., at an expense of
£15,000, form a singular ornament to the town ; they
are raised on ranges of arches of various elevation, from
25 to 40 feet, the vaults thus formed being converted
into store-houses for wine, spirits, and other goods, now
occupied by government at a rent of £500 per annum.
On this foundation are elevated terraces, the highest of
which has a range of hothouses, with greenhouses at
the angles. The facade of these gardens extends about
200 feet ; and the top of the highest terrace, which is
70 feet above the street, commands a most extensive
prospect of the city and the Shannon.
Considerable efforts for the encouragement of the
Lnen and cotton m.\nufactures were not long since
made, but failed. The former branch of industry has of
late greatly declined : it had existed in the county for
more than a century, and, by the exertions of the
Chamber of Commerce, the weavers were enabled to
manufacture that description of linen best adapted to
command a sale. There was a linen-hall, in which
markets were held every Friday and Saturday. Pre-
miums, also, were given by the Chamber of Commerce,
until this branch of their public exertions was under-
taken by the Agricultural Association, a committee of
which, united with the Trustees for the Promotion of
Industry in the county, met for the purpose in the com-
mittee-room at the linen-hall every Saturday. This
united committee, besides annual subscriptions from its
own body, which are applicable to all improvements in
agriculture, has under its management a fund of about
£7000 allocated to the county by a board of directors
in London, for the purpose of promoting the linen,
woollen, cotton, and other trades, among the poor.
The glove trade, once of great celebrity, has declined
considerably, most of the gloves sold under the name
of Limerick being now manufactured in Cork. The
tanning of leather was formerly very flourishing, but
fell latterly into a very depressed state ; it has, however,
revived within the last two years, through the encourage-
ment given to it by INIr. Russell, an extensive provision-
merchant, by whom this branch of business is largely
carried on. A manufactory was formed in lS'i9, at
Mount Kennett, for tambour lace and running, better
known by the name of Irish bloade, which is here
brought to great perfection ; the wrought article is sent
to London. A second lace-factory was established in
1836, in Clare-street, by Wm. Lloyd, |Esq. ; and there
are now four lace factories, employing in the aggregate
2000 females of all ages. A muslin-factory, in the
Abbey parish, employs 100 boys as apprentices; and a
brush factory gives employment to 300 persons. The
distillery of Stein, Browne, and Co., at Thomond-gatc,
231
produces 455,000 gallons of whisky annually ; there arc
also seven breweries, each of which brews porter, ale,
and beer, to a total amount of 5000 barrels animally : the
consumption, both of these and of the distillery, is
chiefly confined to the neighbourhood. There are
several iron-foundries, cooperages, and comb-manufac-
tories. In the liberties of the city are extensive mills,
which grind upwards of 50,000 barrels of flour annually ;
likewise a large pig " factory," in which a million of pigs
a year are slaughtered : and not far from the town are
two paper-mills and two bleach- greens. The supply of
fuel is abundant : large quantities of coal are imported
from England ; but turf, of which a very great quantity
is brought up and down the Shannon, is still the chief
fuel of the lower classes, and is also much used in manu-
factories and in the kitchens of the higher ranks. An
abundance of fish is procured by the exertions of the
inhabitants, towards the mouth of the river, and on the
neighbouring coasts ; and besides a salmon-fishery,
leased by the corporation, trout, eels, perch, and pike,
are taken in the river, and, lower down, all kinds of j-hell
and flat fish. lu the month of May numerous tempo-
rary causeways are formed several yards into the river
on each side, by the poor, who fish with nets for eel- fry ;
the quantities taken are so great that each individual
fills a couple of washing-tubs with them every tide.
The cort)oration by charter claim an exclusive right
to all fishing from the city to Inniscattery Island.
The TRADE of the port is comparatively of modern
origin. The first return of the customs on record, made
in 1277, gives an amount of but £6. 18. In 1337 they
were only 8 marks; in 1495, £9- 0. 10.; in 1521,
£6. 7. 4. ; in 1537, £9- 8. 4i. ; and in 1607, when King
James called for a return of the customs of all the ports
inlreland, those of Limerick were stated to be £15. 14. 8.,
while at Waterford they were £954. 18. 2., and at Cork
£255. 11. 7. But they increased rapidly during the
reigns of James I. and Charles I. ; in 1633 the customs
had risen to £1619. 1- 7|-. During the war of 1641 they
diminished considerably, but after the Restoration
again rose, insomuch that, in 1672, the customs were
£"1906. 19. 8., and the tolls at the city gates £310. 12. 4.
In i6S8, during the government of Lord Tyrconnel, they
fell to £801. 3. 4.; and it was not till the middle of
the last century that Limerick took a position among
the principal commercial ports. At present, it is a great
place of export for the agricultural produce of the most
fertile tracts in Ireland : from Kerry, Tipperarj-, Clare,
and Limerick, are sent in corn, provisions, and butter,
which are exported to London, Liverpool, Bristol, and
Glasgow.
The exports for the year ending 1st of September.
1835, were, beef, 1364 tierces; pork, 14,263 tierces and
barrels; butter, 72,630 firkins; bacon, 81,839 cwt. ;
lard, 9697 cwt. ; wheat, 1 17,874 barrels ; barley, 32,847
barrels ; oats, 285,623 barrels ; flour, 22,725 cwt. ; oat-
meal, 16,320 cwt.; eggs 26,214 crates; besides hams,
tongues, spirits, porter, ale, flax, lineu, wool, feathers,
and^salmon : the estimated value of all which amounted
to £726,430. The chief imports are timber, coal, iron,
salt, flax-seed, tallow, pitch, tar, hoops, staves, tea.
coffee, sugar, tobacco, wine, and fruit ; the gross esti-
mated value of which in a recent year amounted to
£323,740. The number of vessels entered inwards trom
foreign ports in 1835 was, 51, of the aggregate burthen
LIME
of 12,408 tons, of Britisb shipping ; and 3, of 69S tons
of foreign: the number of vessels cleared outwards
during the same period was 31, of the aggregate burthen
of 79SO tons. The number entered inwards coastways
was 494, of 53,07s tons ; 44 of these being from Irish
ports : the number cleared outwards was 561, of 62,349
tons ; 43 of which were for Irish ports. On the 5th of
Jan., 1836, there were 71 vessels of 5008 tons belonging
to the port : the customs for the year ending on that
day amounted to £142,843. 10., and for the subsequent
year to £146,222. I7. The excise duties of the Limerick
district, for 1835, were £71,616. 6. During the last
ten years, there has been a remarkable advance in the
general business of the port : the number of vessels
vhich reported inwards, foreign and coasting, in 1845,
was 6 13, of the aggregate burthen of 75,000 tons ; and
the number clearing outwards within that year, was 69 1,
of the aggregate burthen of 85,000 tons. The exports
for the year included, of wheat, 160,377 barrels ; oats,
4 1 2,7 90 barrels ; barley, 773 barrels ; beans, S 1 6 barrels ;
and rapeseed, 779 barrels ; of flour, 87,527 cwt. ; oatmeal,
424 cwt. ; feathers, 620 packs ; and of leather, 113 bales.
Of provisions there were, pork, 20,000 tierces and
barrels ; butter, 61,000 firkins ; bacon, 57,855 cwt. ; lard,
12,134 cwt.; and hams, 16,889 cwt.: among other
articles were eggs, raw hides, bones, rags, marble, and
flagstones. In 1845, the number of vessels belonging
to the port was 1 14, of which the aggregate tonnage was
15,115 : the amount of customs duties in that year, was
£193,000; and of the excise, £48,986. 16. 2. In the
excise arrangements. Limerick gives name to, and is the
head of, a district which comprises the towns of Ennis
and Kilrush, in the county of Clare, and the city of
Limerick, The Bank of Ireland, the Provincial Bank,
and National Bank, have branches here.
The situation of Limerick, about sixty Irish miles
from the sea, and its extent of river navigation, render
the port an object of peculiar importance; and though
the course of the river is interrupted by obstructions,
there is still sufficient water for ships drawing 22 feet,
to come up to the city, which has now a range of quay-
age accommodation extending from Wellesley-bridge to
Meade's-quay. Accommodation is also afforded for a
good many vessels on the opposite side, at the North
Strand. At each side of the narrow arm of the Shannon
that encircles the English Town, are several quays ac-
cessible to boats ; and at Merchants'-quay is the Long
Dock, where the turf and fish boats unload. The
Chamber of Commerce, consisting of opulent and most
respectable merchants, has supreme interest in the
navigation of the port ; and from its funds has been
defrayed a great portion of the expense that has been
incurred by whatever improvements have been made,
although it has no right or control over the river. The
commissioners appointed by act of parliament in 1823,
were empowered to levy certain taxes for the erection of
Wellesley-bridge (which was built accordingly), and of
docks to accommodate vessels frequenting the port :
their revenue now averages £4500, and they have juris-
diction over the pilotage of the river. They obtained
from government a loan of £55,384, under a mortgage of
the tolls on exports and imports, tonnage, dock dues,
&c. ; and it was their intention to construct a floating-
dock. The original plan, however, was abandoned ; and
an act was subsequently granted to carry into effect a
232
L I ^I E
design by Mr. Rhodes, who, in 1S33, had been appointed
by government to survey the port, with a view to pro-
vide a safe harbour for shipping. He proposed, by con-
structing a dam or weir across the Shannon at Kelly's-
quay, to convert that part of the river above into
floating-docks, to be formed by excavating and levelling
the bed of the river along the present quay-walls ; and
to build a new line of quays on which bonded ware-
houses, and store-houses for grain, &c., might be erected ;
also a dock-yard on the north side of the river, with two
slips or inclined planes, and a graving-dock ; and on the
south side another graving-dock. His plan also em-
braced a line of embankments on each side for reclaim-
ing considerable tracts of waste land, the water to be
discharged by tide sluices through the embankments.
The total amount required to carry these projects into
execution was estimated at £82,756. 10., of which
£40,000 have been already granted ; but Mr. Rhodes'
plan for the construction of the weir across the river,
and for converting the entire port into a floating-dock,
has been relinquished, in consequence of the difficulty
of securing the proper and effectual drainage of the city
itself, as well as the low grounds above it. A large
tract of land, however, has been inclosed by an embank-
ment at the north side of the river extending from the
quay three miles down to and below Coonagh Point.
The plan now contemplated for improving the port
and harbour, and which seems to be more in favour than
any other, is, to construct lateral floating-docks below
and adjoining Kelly's or Meade's quay, extending down-
wards ; for which purpose the commissioners hold ample
ground : it is intended to have 24 feet of water at the
dock entrance, which will be made sufficiently wide for
taking in the largest steam-ships of the navy or of the
packet department. Dry and graving docks will be at-
tached, or contiguous, to the floating-dock ; and there
are already a patent-slip and ship-building yards at the
north side of the river, which, as well as the iron-
foundries, are now capable of any work of magnitude.
On the south side, the present line of quays extends
3030 feet, from Kelly's-quay to the custom-house. The
water-bailiff's fees, and all other charges on shipping,
have been merged into one general tonnage-rate,
levied by the commissioners under the acts of 1823
and 1834.
A cut from the Abbey river continues the navigation
of the Shannon, partly in the river and partly by an
artificial canal, for fifteen miles, to Lough Derg. This
cut was transferred by government to a private associa-
tion, called the Limerick Navigation Company, on their
undertaking to expend £3000 in the rebuilding of Baal's-
bridge, which had previously interrupted the communi-
cation between the canal and the tide-water of the river,
and still continues to do so in a great degree. About
the same period, a new and important impulse was given
to the trade of the Shannon, by the establishment of the
Inland Steam-navigation Company, by which a commu-
nication has been opened by steam with Kilrush and
other places in the estuary of the Shannon, and by
packet-boats to KiUaloe, whence there is a communica-
tion by steam through Lough Derg to Portumna, Bana-
gher, and Athlone.
As a naval and military station, the river Shannon
and port of Limerick may be regarded as of great na-
tional importance. The safe and excellent anchorages
LIME
L 1 M K
along the whole extent of the river, are capable of ac-
commodating almost any number of line-of-battle ships
and transports, which may ride in any depth of water.
The entrance to the Shannon is easy, nearly nine miles
in width, and clear of all danger ; and the port, though
one of the most western in the United Kingdom, is far in
the interior of Ireland, and has direct communication
with Dublin and the north, by means of railways now
in course of construction, and by the junction of the
Upper Shannon and the Grand and Royal Canals. Its
position renders the port highly eligible for a Trans-
Atlantic packet-station ; by this route, passengers and
mails, via Dublin, might at once clear out into the At-
lantic in the tenth degree of west longitude, free from
the numerous dangers and difficulties attendant upon a
Channel voyage, in the short space of twenty-two hours
from London. The trade of the port will be much
benefited by the formation of several Railways. At
the close of the year 1843, a railway was proposed from
Dublin to Cashel, 985 British miles in length, with a
branch from Monastercven to Carlow '24 miles long ;
and though the preliminary measures necessary to bring
the scheme before parliament were not commenced until
February, 1844, being several months later than the
period required by the standing orders of the house of
commons, yet the great national importance of the
undertaking was considered a sufficient reason for de-
viating from the established rule, and consequently a
bill was introduced, which passed rapidly through both
houses, and received the royal assent on the 6th August.
At the first general meeting of the company, held on the
4th October, it was resolved to take immediate steps for
extending the line to Cork and Limerick ; and in the
year 1S4.=>, so remarkable for railway projects, an act
was passed, authorising the construction of a line from
Cashel to Cork, "7 miles long, with a branch to Lime-
rick of 'i\^ miles. As, however, the branch to Limerick
is nearly identical in plan with part of the Waterford
and Limerick line, which was before parliament at the
same time, one railway will be made for the use of both
companies : if the Waterford Company complete their
line, the powers granted to the Dublin and Cork Com-
pany for making a branch are not to be carried into
effect. The capital of the original line to Cashel and
Carlow is £1,300,000, with power to borrow £433,300 ;
and of the extension to Cork and Limerick, £1,200,000,
with power to borrow £400,000. Already the Water-
ford and Limerick Company are constructing a splendid
terminus m Nelson-street, in the very heart of the New
Town.
The hay and straw markets are held in two inclo-
sures, on Wednesday and Saturday ; the wheat-market
is large, and has sheds all round its inclosure ; the
butter-market, a spacious and lofty building, is open daily
throughout the year. There are two potato-markets,
one in the English, the other in the Irish Town, where
vast quantities are daily sold : the latter of these mar-
kets, on the site of what was formerly the Long Dock,
is inclosed and shedded round, and the whole vicinity
of it has undergone much remodelling and improvement.
The city has also two meat-markets, each plentifully
supplied with butchers'-meat and poultry, but the sup-
ply of fish and vegetables is often deficient ; the smaller
of the markets, called the Northumberland-Buildings,
has attached to it large apartments for public meetings,
Vol. II.— 233
a bazaar, and commercial chambers. There are four
annual fairs, on Ea.ster-Tucsday, July 4tli, Aug. 4th,
and Dec. I'2th : to the August fair was attached a pri-
vilege by virtue of which no person, for fifteen days
after it, could be arrested in the city or liberties on pro-
cess issuing out of the late tholsel court. The principal
commercial edifices are the Custom-House and the Com-
mercial Buildings. The Custom- House, situated at the
entrance of the New Town from the Old, was completed
in 1*69, at an expense of £8000, and consists of a centre
and two wings, built with hewn stone and handsomely
ornamented : a surveyor's house and habitations for
boatmen have been erected at the Pool. The Comnurnal
liuildings were erected in 1 806, at a cost of £8000, by a
proprietary of 100 shareholders. They consist of a large
and well-supplied news-room on the ground floor, above
which is a library, with apartn)cnts for the Chamber of
Commerce, which was incorporated in 181.5, for the pro-
tection of the trade. Its fund arises from fees on the
exports and imports of the members ; the surplus is
employed in promoting the commercial interest of the
city, improving the navigation, and aiding the manufac-
tures. The Post-office is a small building, in a situation
so inconvenient that none of the coaches can approach
it ; mails start for Dublin, Cork, Tralee, Waterford, and
Gahvay.
The CORPORATION exists both by prescription and
charter, and its authority is confirmed and regulated by
statute. The first documentary grant of municipal pri-
vileges was by John, Earl of Morton and Lord of Ire-
land, in 1 199, conferring the same liberties and free cus-
toms as were enjoyed by the citizens of Dublin, which
were secured and explained by a charter of the IQih
of Edu-anI I. Charters confirming or extending these
privileges were granted in the 1st of Henry IV., 1st of
Henry V., 8th of Henry VI., 'Jnd of Henry VII., 6th of
Edward VI., and 17th and "^oth of Elizabeth .- the
former charter of this last-named sovereign granted,
among other new privileges, that a sword of state and
cap of maintenance should be borne before the mayor
within the city and liberties. The late governing charter,
granted by James I. in 1609, constituted the city a
county of itself, excepting the sites of the king's castle
and the county court-house and gaol ; conferred an ex-
clusive admiralty jurisdiction, both civil and criminal,
over so much of the Shannon as extends three miles
north-cast of the city, to the main sea, with all its
creeks, banks, and rivulets within those limits ; consti-
tuted the mayor, recorder, and four of the aldermen
annually elected, justices of the peace for the county of
the city ; and incorporated a society of merchants of
the staple of Dublin and Waterford. By the " New
Rules " of the '25th of Charles IL, the Lord- Lieutenant
and Privy Council were invested with the power of ap-
proving and confirming the appointment of the principal
officers of the corporation, who were thereby required to
take the oath of supremacy ; and the election of all cor-
porate officers was taken away from the body of free-
men, and vested in the (ommon-council. The discussion
of any matter connected with municipal affairs in the
general assembly of freemen, or court of d'oycr hun-
dred, which had not previously passed the common-
council, was forbidden under penalty of disfranchise-
ment, and it was provided, as in other corporate towns,
that foreigners and other Protestant settlers in the town
2H
LIME
should be admissible to the freedom. James II. granted
a new charter after the seizure of the franchises under a
decree of the exchequer, but the judgment of that court
having been subsequently set aside, it became void ; and
the constitution of the municipality continued unaltered
until the year IS'SS, when an act of the 4th of George
If'., c. 126, commonly called the " Limerick Regulation
act," partially remodelled the powers of the corpora-
tion. Numerous incorporated trading companies or
guilds were established under these different charters,
several of which still exist ; but they are not recognized
as component parts of the corporation, and do not
appear to have ever exercised any corporate rights. The
guild of merchants incorporated by James I., having
become extinct, was revived by the act of 1S23, but
has never since met ; nor has any attempt been made
to enforce its charter, its objects being effectually accom-
plished by the Chamber of Commerce.
Under the charter of James I., the corporation was,
until 1840, styled "The Mayor, Sheriffs, and Citizens of
the City of Limerick;" and consisted of a mayor, two
sheriffs, and an indefinite number of aldermen, burgesses,
and freemen, aided by a recorder, four charter justices,
a town-clerk (who was also clerk of the crown, and of
the peace, for the county of the city), chamberlain,
common-speaker, water-bailiff, sword-bearer, high con-
stable, petty constables, serjeants-at-mace, weigh-master,
crane-master, and other inferior officers. The mayor
(which office and title were enjoyed by Limerick ten
years before they were granted to London), the sheriffs,
recorder, and town-clerk, were annually elected by the
common-council on the 2ud Monday after the 24th of
June ; the four charter justices by the same bod}', on
the 2nd Monday after the 29th of September. The
chamberlain was elected from among the burgesses, for
life or during pleasure, by the mayor, sheriffs, and
recorder. The aldermen were elected for life, from
among the burgesses, by the common-council : the title,
however, was a mere honorary distinction, usually con-
ferred on the person who had served the office of mayor.
The common-speaker was elected every two years, under
the provisions of the act of 1823, by the body of freemen
assembled on the first Tuesday after June 24th, in the
court of d'oyer hundred, and was obliged to be
approved of by the common-council before he could be
sworn into office. The other officers were appointed
respectively by the common-council, the mayor, and the
sheriffs. The freedom was, and is still, under the Muni-
cipal act, obtained by birth, for the eldest son, or mar-
riage with any daughter, of a freeman ; also by appren-
ticeship to a freeman within the city, but no longer by
gift of the corporation ; the admissions of freemen were
made by the common-council, subject to the approba-
tion of the court of d'oyer hundred. The act of 1823
required the council to hold quarterly meetings on the
first Monday after June 24th, second Monday after Sept.
29th, and the first Mondays in January and April ; ex-
traordinary meetings were convened on requisition of
the mayor. All acts of the corporation, except the
election of officers, were latterly obliged to be approved
of and confirmed by the freemen at large in the court of
d'oyer hundred. This court had been re-established
by the act of 1823, after having for about seventy years
previously fallen into almost total disuse ; and was held
on the day following each of the four stated quarterly
234
LIME
meetings of the common-council, and also within a spe-
cified time after the extraordinary meetings of that
body : it was composed of the entire body of freemen,
and a certified minute of all proceedings at the meetings
of the common-council used to be transmitted by the
town-clerk to the common-speaker, who presided over
the court, for its approval. The corporation continued
to exercise its functions, under the charters already
recited, until 1840, when it was entirely remodelled by
the Municipal act, 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. 108.
By this act, so much of all former charters, grants,
letters-patent, &c., then in force, as was inconsistent
with its provisions, was repealed or cancelled ; and as
at present constituted, the corporation consists of a coun-
cil of forty burgesses elected by such citizens as, being
qualified by a six months' residence in a house or tene-
ment of the yearly value of £10, are on the burgess-roll.
The city being divided into five wards, each ward re-
turns eight burgesses, viz. : two as aldermen and six
as councillors. The mayor is elected annually by the
town-council, from among its members, on the 1st of
December, and takes office on the 1st of January fol-
lowing. Under the old regime, the city had two
sheriffs, appointed by the corporation ; but the number
is now limited to one, and the appointment is vested
in the Lord-Lieutenant, in the same manner as sheriffs
are nominated for counties at large. The city returned
two representatives to the Irish parliament from the
period of its earliest convocations until the Union, after
which it sent one member to the Imperial parliament ;
but under the act of the 2nd of WiUiam lY., c. 88, it
sends two. Besides the freemen, the right of voting
belonged to the freeholders of the county of the city,
estimated in 1831 at about 2000, making the total num-
ber of electors at that period 2413. The above-named
act extended the franchise to £10 householders, and to
£20 and £10 leaseholders for the respective terms of
14 and 20 years ; the non-resident freemen, except
within seven miles, were disfranchised ; and the 40s.
freeholders allowed to retain the privilege only for life.
The total number of voters in 1845 was 2100: the
sheriff is the returning officer.
The liberties, as they were defined previously to 1840,
were divided into North and South by the river Shan-
non. The limits of the North liberties varied from one
to four statute miles, comprising 1714 acres, as rated
to the grand jury cess ; the South liberties, extending
from four to five statute miles, comprehended 14,754
acres assessed : making in all 16,458 Irish acres, equal
to about 26,600 statute acres ; exclusively of the site of
the town. By the new act, the extent of the liberties
was much curtailed, except for parliamentary purposes ;
as many as 24,000 statute acres being added to the
adjoining baronies north and south. The small island
of Inniscattery, about 60 miles distant, at the mouth of
the Shannon, forms a part of the parish of St. Mary,
and is within the jurisdiction of the corporation. The
mayor is a justice of the peace within the county of the
city, and ex officio a magistrate for the county at large :
he is a judge in local courts, and is named first in the
commission with the judges at the assizes for the county
of the city ; he is also clcrk-of-the-markets ; and was,
until lately, the coroner of the city, and had chartered
admiralty jurisdiction over the Shannon. The other
magistrates are appointed by the Lord-Lieutenant.
LIME
LIME
The county of the city has an exclusive jurisdiction
exercised by its magistrates at pctty-sessidns ; assizes
are held for it twice a year, by the mayor and the judges
travelhng the Munster circuit. The petty-sessions are
held every Friday, before the mayor and borough
magistrates. The chief civil court, under the old re-
gime, was the tholsel or city court, in which the mayor
and sheriffs presided as judges, assisted by the re-
corder, when present, as assessor, and the town-clerk
as prothonotary : it was held under the charter of
Henry V., which gave pleas, real and personal, to any
amount arising within the county of the city : the court
sat every Wednesday ; the process was either by at-
tachment against goods, action against the person, or
latitat, but the last w-as seldom resorted to. By the
late Municipal act, this court was abolished ; but pro-
vision was made by the l6.Srd section for its revival,
should it be deemed advisable, by memorial from the
council to the Lord-Lieutenant. The council, however,
determined upon not availing themselves of this privi-
lege, on account of the hardships inflicted on members
of the trading community by the process of attachment
issuing from such courts, and also on account of the
heavy annual charge which the salary of the recorder
would impose on the borough fund ; particularly as
the council would not have the right of nominating that
ofllcer. The want of the periodical gaol delivery cre-
ated by the suspension of this court, became a source
of great inconvenience, and was not supplied before the
session of parliament of 1S45, when an act was passed
extending the powers of the assistant barrister of the
county, who is now enabled to hold a court quarterly for
the transaction of criminal business within the borough.
He sits twice a year for the trial of civil-bill cases. A
court of conscience is held by the mayor every Thurs-
day, by prescription, for the recovery of debts under
40j>. late currency. The ordinary revenues of the cor-
poration are derived from rents of houses and lands in
the city and liberties, the fishery of the salmon-weir,
tolls and customs (which yield by far the greatest por-
tion), and the cleansing of the streets in the old city ;
producing a gross income of between £4000 and £5000
per annum. The constabulary force stationed in the
city consists of one sub-inspector, one head- constable,
1 1 constables, and 54 sub-constables, with one horse ;
the expense of whose maintenance in lS4'i was £3697.
There are a lieutenant, two deputy-lieutenants, and 12
borough magistrates. The amount of grand jury pre-
sentments for 1S45 was £7484.
The old City Court-house, in Bridge-street, was erected
in 1763, at an expense of £700 only ; it is 60 feet by
30, and fronted with hewn stone, with a rustic gateway.
This building has been recently converted into a Roman
Catholic parochial school, and a new court-house was
completed in 1846, at a cost of £1200; it stands on
Merchants'-quay, adjoining the county court-house,
and on part of the ground belonging to the city gaol.
7'he Exchange, erected in 177S at an expense of £1500,
is one of the chief ornaments of the Old Town ; the
front is of hewn stone, and is adorned with seven Tus-
can columns connected by a handsome balustrade. The
council-chamber is a fine room of the Ionic order ; and
there are various convenient municipal offices. The
County Court-house, an elegant structure, completed in
1810, at an expense of £12,000, is a quadrangular
235
building of hewn stone, with a portico supported by
four lofty pillars, and is surrounded by a light iron
balustrade ; it contains civil and criminal courts, jury-
rooms, and other ofiices. The City Gaol, in the Old
Town, is a gloomy quadrangular edifice, with which the
old county gaol is now united : it contains 88 cells, 9
day-rooms, and 12 yards, besides debtors'-rooms, a
good hospital, and a chapel ; and is remarkably well
regidated, orderly, and clean. But the buildings do
not admit of proper classification, or sufficient means of
employment ; and they are, in consequence, now being
extended. The new County Gaol, which occupies a
favourable situation on the south-east side of the city,
was completed in 1821, at an expense of £23,000, and
£2000 more were afterwards expended on additions :
it has a noble castellated appearance, and its internal
construction and arrangement are exceedingly well con-
trived. The grand entrance is composed of hewn stone,
and is of the Doric order. In the centre of the gaol is
a polygonal tower, 60 feet high, containing on succes-
sive stories the governor's residence, the committee-
room, a chapel, and an hospital, and having round the
second story an arcade commanding the several yards.
Five rays of buildings diverge from this tower, forming
ten wards ; each communicating by a cast-iron bridge
with the chapel, and C(mtaiuing in the whole 22 apart-
ments for debtors, and 131 cells for criminals, 12 day-
rooms, 4 work-rooms, 12 yards, and 4 solitary cells.
Between the wall immediately surrounding these and
the outer wall, is a space containing two tread-wheels,
the female prison, various odices, and some ornamented
plots. The whole is supplied with excellent water from
two springs.
The See of Limerick,
one of the eleven which until
lately constituted the eccle-
siastical province of Cashel,
but now in that of Dublin,
is 27 miles in length and 17
in breadth, extending over
an estimated surface of
306,950 acres, of which
12,500 are in Clare and the
remainder in county Lime-
. .-,1 D i rick. It is said to have been
Arms of the Bishopric. . , , . , . ■
•' ' founded m the sixth century
by St. Munchin, who was consecrated bishop of it by St.
Patrick. No further mention is made of the bishopric
until after the settlement of the Ostmen or Danes in
Limerick, and their subsequent conversion to Christi-
anity, when, about the year 1 1 10, Gille, or Gilbert, a
Dane, who disclaimed the authority of the Irish prelates,
was consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury ; he
governed the see till 1140. In the charter of Donald
O'Brien, King of Limerick, in 1194, the bishops are
called Lumniccnses and Lumnicani, from Lumnincli, the
Irish name of the city. In 1195, the ancient see of
Inniscathay or Inniscattery was united with this
bishopric. In 1284, Gerald le Mareschal succeeded in
recovering the episcopal property which had been
usurped by the bishops of Emly and Killaloe during the
period the Danish bishops held it under the Archbi>:hop
of Canterbury. This property was extensive and valu-
able at the Reformation ; but'was afterwards so much
diminished by grants to the Fitzgerald fimily, that the
2 H 2
LIME
see of Ardfert and Aghadoe was added to it in 1660,
and has ever since been annexed to it. The see of
Limerick is valued in the king's books at £40 sterling,
according to an extent returned in the 5th of Charles I.
The see lands comprise eT'iO acres ; the gross yearly
revenue of the bishopric, including Ardfert and Agha-
doe, amounted to £5368. 13., on an average of three
years ending Jan. 1, 183'2. The palace is a modern
brick edifice in the New Town, with a front to the
Shannon, commanding an extensive view of the oppo-
site shores of the county of Clare. The consistorial
court is held in the city by the vicar-general, with a
surrogate and registrar, who is keeper of the diocesan
records, the oldest of which is intituled the " Liber
Niger," copied by Bishop Adams in I6l6, from a book
which he states to have been then much defaced by age,
and to contain an account of all the parishes, their
procurations, taxation, subsidies, &c.
The CATHEDRAL, which is said to have been founded
and endowed by Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick,
and is dedicated to St. Mary, was enlarged by Donat
O'Brien about the year 1200, greatly adorned by
Bishop Eustace del Ewe early in the fourteenth century,
partly re-edified by the citizens in 1490, much im-
proved by Bishop Adams in the seventeenth century,
carefully restored after the wars of the same century,
and improved at various subsequent periods. It is
a venerable Gothic building, in the English Town, sur-
rounded with graduated battlements, and has at the
west end a square tower ]10 feet high, containing 8
bells, and surmounted by turrets at the angles. The
interior is composed of a nave and choir, separated from
the aisles by pointed arches : the choir is 91 feet by 30,
with a fine window at the east end ; the bishop's throne
and the stalls of the dignitaries exhibit some curious
carved work : there is a powerful organ. In the nave
and aisles are several recesses, formerly endowed as
chapels by various families ; two of these now form the
consistorial court and the vestry ; and under the arches
separating the aisles from the choir are galleries, for the
corporation and the officers of the garrison. At the
communion-table is a modern Gothic screen. Among
the numerous monuments, besides those of several pre-
lates, the most remarkable is the splendid tomb of
Donogh, the great Earl of Thomond, on the north side
of the choir ; it is composed of three compartments, of
marble of different colours, is surrounded and supported
by pillars of the Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite orders,
and decorated with his arms and various trophies.
There is also a fine monument of the Galvvay family.
Some of the unsightly old houses that surrounded the
cathedral have been recently pulled down ; the ap-
proaches have been widened, and handsome iron rail-
ings, and a pair of gates opening into Quay-lane and
fronting the New bridge, have been added.
The chapter consists of a dean, precentor, chancellor,
treasurer, archdeacon, and the 1 1 prebendaries of St.
Munchin, Donoughmore, Ballycahane, Kilpeacon, Tully-
bracky, Killeedy, Disert, Ardcanny, Croagh, Athnett,
and Eflin. The corps of the deanery consists of the
rectory of St. Mary, the rectories and vicarages of St.
Nicholas and Cappagh, and the rectories of Cahirnarry,
Bruree, and Mungrett. The deanery lands comprise
8O5 statute acres, let on lease at a rent of £88. '2. 5.
and an annual renewal fine of £13. 16. 11.; the gross
236
LIME
annual income, including these lands, is £1176: the
deanery-house is in the city. The dean enjoys the right
of presentation to the vicarages of Mungrett and Bruree,
and to the perpetual cure of Cahirnarry. The corps of
the precentorship consists of the rectories and vicarages
of Kilfenny and Loughill, the rectories of Nantinan,
Shanagolden, Knocknagaul, and Dromdeely, and the
vicarage of Morgans ; the precentor has the right of
presentation to the vicarage of Dromdeely. That of
the chancellorship consists of the rectory of Rathkeale,
the rectories and vicarages of Kilscannell, Clounagh,
Clounshire, and the entire rectory of Dundonnell; of
the treasurership, the rectories of St. Patrick and Cahir-
vally, the rectory and vicarage of Emlygrenan, and the
chapelry of Kilquane ; and of the archdeaconry, the
rectories of St. Michael and Ardagh, and the entire
rectory of Kildimo. The economy fund of the cathedral
arises from the tithe of the union of Kilmallock, and
the rents of several very valuable glebes ; amounting
on an average to £1200 annually. A diocesan school-
house was erected in 1611, in the city; but having
fallen into decay some years since, it was sold by the
Board of Education, and the proceeds, with the addition
of £400 presented by the corporation, were expended in
the purchase of a new site. In 1823, the diocesan
schools of Killaloe and Kilfenora were united with that
of Limerick, and the income augmented to £150 per
annum. The total number of benefices in the diocese is
61, of which 13 are unions, 3 without provision for cure
of souls, and the remainder single parishes. The total
number of churches is 42, with 2 chapels of ease, be-
sides five places of worship in school-houses or other
buildings licensed for divine service : the number of
glebe-houses is 28.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the see is a separate
diocese, being one of 7 suffragan to the Archbishop of
Cashel, and comprising 39 parochial benefices or unions,
containing 78 chapels ; the spiritual duties are per-
formed by 37 parish priests, two administrators of the
bishop's mensals, 54 coadjutors or curates, and 2 super-
numeraries, besides whom there are 4 superannuated,
sick, or unemployed clergymen. The bishop's parishes
are those of St. John and St. Patrick, both in the ancient
county of the city ; his residence is Park House, near
the city. The cathedral is the church of St. John.
The PARISHES within the bounds of the late county
of the city were those of St. Michael, which compre-
hends all the New Town ; St. Mary, St. Nicholas, St.
John, St. Munchin, and St. Laurence, in which the Old
Town, with the suburb of Thomond-gate, is included;
and Cahirnarry, Cahirvally, Derrygalvin, Donoughmore,
Killeely, Kilmurry, and St. Patrick, together with parts
of those of Abington, Carrigparson, Crecora, Kilkeedy,
Kilnegarruff, Knocknegaul, Mungrett, and Stradbally,
in the rural district of the city ; besides which was the
extra-parochial district of St. Francis's Abbey. The
arrangements for local taxation in the county of the
city, prior to the passing of the Municipal Corporations'
act, were somewhat peculiar. The parish of St. Michael,
or New Town of Limerick,being exempt from the payment
of grand jury cess, two local acts were passed for its in-
terior regulation, in the 47th and 51st of George III.,
under which the sum of £461. 10. 9. was annually raised
towards defraying the expenses of the City Gaol, Fever
Hospital, and House of Industry j being, in fact, iu aid
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of the grand jury cess of the county of the city. The
Old Town, though containing '29,000 inhabitants, paid
to this tax no more than £35, which, as it was the only
local assessment, indicates the degree of poverty that
prevails there. The remainder of the grand jury cess,
amounting on an average to upwards of £6000 per an-
num, used to be levied entirely off the agricultural dis-
tricts by a tax of from 7s. to 8s. per acre, being about
twice as much as the assessment on the adjoining lands
in the county at large. Under the act of the 51st of
George III., besides the payment of the sum above
mentioned, rates were levied on the New Town for paving,
lighting, watching, aud cleansing that part of the city,
to the extent of Ss. in the pound on inhabited houses
above the value of £10 per annum, and of 4(/. in the
pound on uninhabited houses aud stores : houses under
the value of £10 were exempt. A sum of about £65 was
also raised for the purpose of burying paupers and
taking care of foundlings. The number of houses
assessed in 1835 was 914, valued at £'28,766, at the
rate of 2s. 3d. ; the number of stores was 146, valued at
£10,'257, at the rate of S^rf. The assessment amounted
to £3388. The commissioners for the tax, twenty-one
in number, were inhabitants of the city, and seven of
them retired every second year.
The present county of the city, agreeably with the
provisions of the Municipal Corporations' act, com-
prises the parish of St. Mary, and part of the parishes
of Killeely, St. John, St. Laurence, St. Michael, St. Mun-
chin, St. Nicholas, and St. Patrick: the area is '2618
statute acres. Killeely and St. Patrick's are sepa-
rately described. The living of St. Michael's is a rec-
tory, united, from time immemorial, to the rectory of
Kildimo and the rectory of Ardagh, the three parishes
constituting the union of St. Michael and the corps of
the archdeaconry of Limerick, in the patronage of the
Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £67. 10.
per annum : the gross income of the archdeaconry, in-
cluding the rent of a small glebe, before the passing of
the Rent-charge act was £6'20. 17. 8. per annum. The
church was destroyed in the siege of 1651 and no parish
church existed until very recently, when one was com-
pleted agreeably with an act of parliament passed in
1843. There is a chapel of ease, called St. George's,
built aud endowed in 17S9 by the Pery family : it is a
plain commodious edifice ; its east window, which is
very lofty, formerly belonged to the old Franciscan
abbey. The minister is appointed by the Earl of
Limerick. An Episcopal chapel, in connexion with the
Blind Asylum, was erected in this parish, in 1834, by
subscriptions exceeding £5000, raised in England and
Ireland by the personal exertions of the Venerable
Edward N. Hoare, Archdeacon of Ardfert, now Dean of
Achonry, who was the first chaplain and is one of the
trustees. St. George's parochial schools are in con-
nexion with the Kildare-place Society, but are chiefly
supported by voluntary subscriptions and the sale of
needlework; they afford instruction to 214 children.
There are also schools in connexion with the London
Hibernian Society, and the Wesleyan Methodists : very
large schools for males and females have just been erected
from a bequest by Mrs. Viiliers. The Limerick Academy,
in Cecil-street, founded and conducted by Messrs. Brice
and Brown, was opened in 1 836. It consists of a com-
modious house for the accommodation of resident pupils,
•237
and two spacious class-rooms ; its object is to afford
the means of a complete education from the earliest
infancy to the higher departments of collegiate study,
based on the principle of exercising the understanding
as well as the niemcjry. At present, the system of edu-
cation comprises the usual branches of an Kngli.sh
course, combined with classic literature and science.
The diocesan school is also in this parish.
St. Mary's parish is a rectory entire, united from
time immemorial to the rectories and vicarages of St.
Nicholas aud Cappagh, and the rectories of Cahirnarry,
Bruree, and Mungrett, constituting the corps of the
deanery ; it is in the patronage of the Crown. The
cathedral is considered to be the church of this parish,
and of that of St. Nicholas. The Blue-coat hospital,
situated near the cathedral, was founded in 1717, by
the Rev. J. Moore, who bequeathed some property in
Dublin for its support; about the same time the corpo-
ration aided it by an annual grant of £'20, and in 17'24
Mrs. Craven bequeathed several houses in Limerick for
the same purpose. After having fallen into decay, it
was revived in 177'2 by the bishop and dean, the latter
of whom has the management of it. It supports 15
boys, who wear a uniform of blue and yellow. St.
Nicholas's parish, a rectory and vicarage, united to
St. Mary's, contains 1888 statute acres : the tithe rent-
charge is £16'2. 14. The church was destroyed in the
siege of 1651, since which time service has been per-
formed in the cathedral. A school for the education of
'20 boys and '20 girls is maintained under a bequest of
Dr. Jeremiah Hall, in 1698, for children of poor Pro-
testant parents in St. Mary's and St. Nicholas's parishes.
St. Munchin's parish, situated partly in the King's
Island, partly in the ancient North liberties, and partly
in the county of Clare, contains 4584 statute acres : the
living is a rectory, united from time immemorial to the
rectory and vicarage of Killonchan, and the rectory of
Drehidtarsna, the three parishes constituting the corps
of the prebend of St. Munchin in the cathedral of St.
Mary, Limerick, and in the patronage of the Bishop.
The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £207. 14., and of
all the parishes in the union £349. 1'2. The church,
which stands on the north side of the city, is inclosed
on the north by the old town- wall, along which is an
elevated terrace commanding a fine view over the Shan-
non : it was rebuilt in 18'27, at an expense of £1460, of
which £900 were a loan from the Board of First Fruits;
and is a handsome edifice, with a lofty square tower
embattled, and crowned with pinnacles. This church is
said to have been founded by St. Munrhin, and was the
cathedral until the building of St. Mary's. A school
for boys, and another for girls, of this and the adjoining
parishes, were founded by a bequest of Mrs. Viiliers in
18)9. St. Laurence's parish is a rectory entire, till
lately in the patronage of the Corporation : it is of
small extent, having no church, and the tithe rent-charge
is only £18. 15. The three parishes of St. Mary, St.
Munchin, and St. Nicholas, form the English Town.
St. Johns parish is a vicarage, in the patronage of the
Earl of Limerick. The vicar derives his income from
an assessment on the houses, which originally produced
£160 per annum ; but owing to the removal of the
principal inhabitants it sunk to about £50, and has been
augmented by a grant of £'25 per annum from Primate
Boulter's fund. There is a glebe-house, erected by a
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gift of £369. 4. anil a loan of £'240 from the late Board
of First Fruits, in 1S2S. The church is an ancient edi-
fice, comprising a nave, with a north and south aisle ex-
t«nding the whole length of the building ; it has been
repaired by a grant of £1S5. 19. from the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. ITiis parish forms the Irish Town.
In the Roman Catholic arrangements the ancient
county of the city is divided into the parishes or districts
of St. Mary, St. John, St. IMichael, St. Patrick, and St.
Lelia. St. Mary's parish comprises the whole of the
King's Island, the English Town, and the Little or Sluice
Island ; thus embracing the whole of the Protestant
parish of St. Mary, parts of St. Munchin's and St. Nicho-
las's, and the e.xtra-parochial district of St. Francis.
The chapel is a large plain cruciform edifice, built in
1749, on the Sluice Island; the altar exhibits three
styles of architecture finely combined, and has a good
copy of Michael Angelo's picture of the Crucifixion. A
female school established in this parish, some years since,
by the religious sisterhood of St. Clare, was adopted,
after the departure of that body from Limerick, by the
sisterhood of the Presentation convent ; and on the
breaking up of that establishment in 1S36, the National
Board of Education granted £40 towards its support,
and it was placed under the charge of the Rev. Dr. Han-
rahan, P.P. It is still held in the convent, under the
superintendence of two of the lay-sisters of St. Clare ;
affords instruction to 400 children ; and is supported by
subscriptions and charity sermons. St. John's parish
comprises the Protestant parish of St. Laurence, and
that part of St. Michael's known by the name of the As-
sembly Mall; this is the bishop's parish, and the church
is therefore called the cathedral. It is a large cruciform
building, erected in 1753 ; the altar, which is very splen-
did, has a picture of the Crucifixion by Collopy, a native
artist. St. Michael's parish is coterminous with the Pro-
testant parish of the same name, with the exception of
the Assembly Mall. The chapel, situated near the corn-
market, was built in 17*9, and was then surrounded by
open fields . it was considerably enlarged in 1805, and
is now the largest and finest in the city ; it can accom-
modate 2500 persons. In this parish are three orders
of friars. The Dominicans have their house and chapel
in Glentworth-street ; the latter, a large edifice in the
early Gothic style, built in 1815, is enriched with a
painting of the Crucifixion : the community consists of
a prior and four friars. The Augustinians, whose com-
munity consists of a prior and two friars, have their
house and chapel in St. George's-street : the chapel was
built for a theatre, and was purchased by the friars in
1824 ; the boxes and galleries are still preserved as seats
for the congregation. It is lighted from the dome : the
altar, supported by Corinthian pillars, is enriched with a
picture of the Ascension by Collopy. The Franciscans,
whose community consists of a prior and two friars,
have their house and chapel near Wellesley-bridge : the
latter is a large edifice in the Gothic style, comprising
a centre and wings, with a handsome gallery ; the altar
is very fine, and has a splendid painting of the Ma-
dona. Tlie brothers of the Christian Schools, six in
number, have a school in this parish and another in
St. John's, in which about 600 children are educated ;
the funds are raised by collections made every Saturday
throughout the city by the brethren. A female school,
established by the late Rev. Dr. Hogan, P.P., in 1822, was
238
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chiefly supported by him, and a new school-house capa-
ble of containing 200 girls was built at his expense.
Adjoining the parochial chapel is a school founded and
endowed by Mrs. Meade, for the education of children
of Roman Catholic parents. St. Patrick's parish is in
the ancient liberties: the church, built in ISI6, is on
the Dublin road ; it is in the form of the letter T, and is
small but neatly fitted up ; the building was much im-
proved in 1835. This parish, with those of Kilmurry
and Derrygalvin, with which it is united, forms the
bishop's mensal. St. Lelia s parish is composed of the
parishes of St. Munchin and St. Nicholas within the old
liberties north of the river, and that of Killeely in the
county of Clare. The chapel, situated at Thomond-gate,
is a large plain cruciform edifice, built in 1774; it was
the first Roman Catholic place of worship publicly
erected in Limerick after the Revolution. In this parish
is a school estabUshed by the Rev. P. Walsh, P. P., in
which 380 children are educated ; it is supported by
subscriptions and charity sermons.
The Presbyterians in connexion with the Synod of
Munster have a small but very elegant meeting-house
in the New Town. Here, also, the Society of Friends
have a neat meeting-house ; near which is a large place
of worship, of the Gothic style without, and the Grecian
within, belonging to the Wesleyan Methodists ; and not
far from it another, in the mixed Gothic style, of the
Primitive Wesleyan Methodists. The Independents have a
plain meeting-house.
The County Hospital was founded in 1759 by the ex-
ertions of the late Rev. Deane Hoare, vicar-general,
and of Mr. Vandeleur, surgeon, aided by the Pery and
Hartstonge families. The present building on the new
Cork road, which was completed in 1811, at an expense
of £7100, has a front of 114 feet, and contains 10
wards for males and 6 for females ; the number of
patients admitted in a recent year was 632, at an ex-
pense of £1520. Barrington's Hospital, called by the
act of the 1 1th of George IV. the " City of Limerick In-
firmary, " was founded in 1829 by Sir Joseph Barring-
ton, Bart., and his sons, Matthew, Daniel, Croker, and
Samuel. This hospital, built on George's-quay at an
expense of upwards of £4000, contains six large wards,
capable of holding 60 beds ; the number at present is
35. It was given by the founders to the city, and
opened under the new arrangement in Nov. 1831 ; it
is supported by voluntary subscriptions and a grant from
government. Attached to the institution is a good
medical library : a wing was lately built for a lying-in
hospital, and another for a fever hospital. St. John's
Fever and Lock Hospital was founded in 1781 by Lady
Hartstonge : in a recent year it had I6OI patients; the
expenses were £1520. 10. The Lying-in Hospital, opened
in Nelson-street in 1812, under the control of a board
of trustees, is supported by subscriptions and the interest
of a bequest of £1000 from Mrs. White : upwards of
400 patients have been annually admitted into it since
its establishment. There is also a dispensary in Lime-
rick. The District Lunatic Asylum, for the counties of
Limerick, Clare, and Kerry, is a very extensive edifice
on the New Cork road, completed in 1826 : it is 429
feet by 314; the centre forms an octagon, from which
four wings diverge, containing cells for patients. It was
originally intended only for 150 curable lunatics; but
an additional building has been erected for those con-
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L I xM E
sidered incurable. There are 19 acres of land, in the
cultivation of which many of the inmates are beneficially
engaged. The system of management, which is con-
fined to moral treatment, excluding all coercive or
severe mea.sures, is extremely judicious. The total cost
of the buildings, exclusive of the purchase of land, was
£35,490. The late House of Industry, founded in 1774 by
grand jury presentments on the county and city, to
which were added £'200 by the late Dr. Edw. Smyth, of
Dublin, towards providing thirteen cells for the insane,
was at first calculated to accommodate 200 inmates :
the number, prior to IH'^S, was augmented to 380; a
wing was then added for the accommodation of seventy
infirm women, and two work-rooms for spinners and
weavers.
The oldest almshouse is that of Dr. Hall, founded
about the 'commencement of the last century. The
present neat and convenient edifice, erected in 1761, con-
tains apartments for thirteen men and twelve women,
who receive each £5 a year ; also schoolrooms, and an
Episcopal chapel. The annual income is £304, part of
which is applied to the use of Hall's school, already
noticed, and to some minor endowments. The Corpora-
tion almshouse, erected soon after the siege of Limerick,
on ground anciently occupied by St. Nicholas's church,
is adapted to the reception of 22 reduced widows, each
having 40 shillings a year and the use of a garden.
The corporation also pays certain annuities to the widows
of aldermen and burgesses. St. George's Parochial
Asylum, instituted by the late Rev. 'W. Deane Hoare, ac-
commodates 14 Protestant widows. Mrs. f'illiers alms-
house, erected a few years ago, in pursuance of the will
of Mrs. Hannah Villiers, is a handsome Gothic struc-
ture of stone, forming three sides of a square ; and is
for 12 Protestant or Presbyterian widows, each of whom
receives £24 Irish per annum : a preference is to be
given to any descendant of the testatrix who may apply
for admission. The widow of Alderman Craven founded
an almshouse for poor Protestant widows : the building
has been taken down ; but 50 widows of the parishes of
St. Mary, St. John, and St. Munchin, annually receive
£4 each ; the remainder of the endowment is divided
at Christmas among the poor. The same lady left
£60, the interest of which is given to confined debtors
and the poor of the city parishes. The widow of George
Rose, Esq., deposited £800 in the hands of the dean
and chapter, the interest to be distributed every Christ-
mas equally among sixteen widows. The interest of
divers sums given at various periods by the members
of the Pery family, amounting to £17 per annum, is
distributed among the poor of St. John's parish. St.
John's parochial almshouse for seven Protestant widows
is supported by subscriptions, and by bequests of Mrs.
Craven, Mrs. Crone, and the Earl of Ranfurly. Mrs.
Ban/is having bequeathed the sum of £8768. 12.8. to
trustees for charitable purposes, it was apportioned to
the Fever Hospital, the Female Orphan Asylum, the
Lying-in Hospital, the House of Industry, the County
Infirmary, and the Dispensary.
The Charitable Loan Fund, formed in 1770, chiefly by
subscriptions of the Pery family, has afforded accommo-
dation to many thousands by loans of three guineas
each. In 1810, the inhabitants subscribed the Jubilee
Loan Fund, amounting to £1200, which has since ac-
cumulated by the addition of interest : about £120 are
239
lent weekly, in sums of not more than £4 each, which
are repaid by instalments. 'J'he Fund for the Encourage-
ment of Industry was established in 1822, out of the
surplus fund subscribed in England for the distressed
Irish ; the loans being limited to £6 : the sums so issued
in a recent year amounted to £4200. 10., and the amount
repaid with interest during the same period was £4500.
A Charitable Pawn-office, under the title of the " M(jnt
de Pieti," similar to establishments of the same name
throughout the continent, was lately instituted by Mat-
thew Barrington, Esq., with the view of allowing the
poor small loans at low interest : the capital was
raised by debentures, to be repaid with interest ; and
the profits of the institution were to be applied towards
the support of Barrington's Hospital. It has, however,
been broken up. The building, which adjoins the
hospital, is nearly circular, with a piazza, surmounted
by a lofty and elegant dome and cupola, and was erected
at the sole expense of the founder. A company fcjr
granting annuities to widows, settlements for wives, and
endowments for children, on payment of an annual pre-
mium, was established in 1806, under the title of the
Munster General Annuity Endowment Association. An
Asylum for the Blind, the house and chapel for which
were built in 1834, accommodates 5 men and 12
women ; a Magdalene Asylum, conducted by a com-
mittee of ladies, has been established on a small scale ;
a Mendicity Association is supported by voluntary con-
tributions ; and, in 1826, an Institution for the Relief
of Sick and Indigent Room keepers was formed by a
subscription of several hundred pounds. There are
also a Savings' Bank, and a Mechanics' Institute. The
workhouse of the union, on a site of llj acres held at
a rent of £70, was completed in 1S41, at an expense of
£10,000, and will contain 1600 paupers.
Limerick anciently contained two Augustinian mo-
nasteries, one of Regular Canons, and the other of her-
mits : the Regular Canons had another house in the
contiguous parish of Mungrett, which was destroyed by
the Danes in IIO7. In 1227, a Dominican friary was
founded in the city by Donogh Carbragh O'Brien, Prince
of Thomond, which became a place of great magnifi-
cence, and was the burial-place of various prelates and
other eminent men: part of the walls still exists, and
the cemetery formed the garden of the late Presenta-
tion convent. There were also a Franciscan convent,
founded by William Fion de Burgo ; a house of canon-
esses of the order of St. Augustine, founded in 1 17 1, by
Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick ; and a house of the
Knights Templars ; but no remains of these buildings
are now discernible. The military antiquities consist of
the ruins of the fortress called King John's Castle, at
the end of Thomond-bridge, comprehending the great
gateway, defended by two massive round towers, and
the outer walls, having similar defences, and presenting
a fine relic of the military architecture of that remote
period ; of dilapidated portions of the walls and towers
of the citadel nearly contiguous, in which the Castle
barracks have been erected ; of various portions of the
town walls ; and of some of the outworks, especially a
fort on the King's Island, north of the Old Town. There
are also some remains of the celebrated Black Battery,
close to which was the breach defended so heroically
against William's army. In the rural parishes of the
ancient hberties are the ruins of several forts.
LISB
L I S B
Of eminent natives were three prelates named
Creagh, in the fifteenth centurj' ; Richard Creagh, D.D.,
Roman Catholic archbishop of Armagh, in the reign of
Elizabeth, who died in the Tower of London, in 1585 ;
James Arthur, D.D., professor of divinity at Salamanca;
James Nihell, M.D., author of various medical treatises
of considerable repute, born in 1705 ; John Fitzgibbon,
Esq., an eminent lawyer, born at Ballysheeda, within
the old liberties, in 1731 ; the Rev. James White, parish
priest of St. Mary's, who published a short description
of the county at large in 1764, and also compiled annals
of the city, which were never published ; John Martin,
M.D., author of an essay on the Castle- Connell spa;
Daniel Hayes, Esq., who died at an early age in 1767,
after displaying considerable poetic ability ; Charles
Johnston, who distinguished himself in the department
of polite literature ; the Rev. Joseph Ignatius O'Hal-
loran, D,D., professor of philosophy and divinity in
the Jesuits' College at Bourdeaux ; Sylvester O'Hal-
loran, Esq., the historian, his brother ; Peter Woulfe,
Esq., an eminent chymist and naturalist of the last
century ; Viscount Pery, who had, when a commoner,
filled the speaker's chair in the commons' house of par-
liament in Ireland ; the Right Hon. John Fitzgibbon,
Earl of Clare, and Lord High Chancellor of Ireland ;
John Ferrar, a bookseller and printer of Limerick, who
was author of several respectable topographical works
concerning Limerick, Dublin, and Wicklow ; Timothy
Collopy, distinguished as an historical and portrait
painter ; William Palmer, who also rose to some emi-
nence as an artist, under Sir Joshua Reynolds, but died
at an early age ; and Edward Fitzgerald, Esq., for some
time editor of the Pilot newspaper, in London. Lime-
rick confers the titles of Earl and Viscount on the family
of Perv.
LIMERICK, LITTLE, county of Wexford.— See
KiLKEVAN.
LISBELLAW, a village, in a detached portion of the
parish of Cleenish, (called Cleenish East, and sepa-
rated entirely from the main parish by Lough Erne,)
union of Enniskillen, barony of Tyrkennedy, county
of Fermanagh, and province of Ulster, 3i miles
(E. S. E.) from Enniskillen, on the road to Clogher ;
containing 60 houses, and ^60 inhabitants. Tradition
states, that on a hill above the village, a battle was
fought between some of the troops of King William and
James II., when the latter were defeated. The Lisbellaw
estate, or manor of Carriek, was the property of the
Earl of Rosse, on whose demise in 1764, the title
(revived in 1S06) became extinct, and the property
passed to the family of the Rev. Grey Porter, the pre-
sent proprietor. The village is picturesquely situated
amidst conical-shaped hills and singular rocks, in a
highly cultivated district, and in the vicinity of Lough
Erne : it has a receiving-house for letters in connexion
with Eimiskillen. The inhabitants are chiefly employed
in weaving linen and making matting from bulrushes ;
stone-breaking atfords much employment to the infirm ;
and there are a spade-mill, and corn-mills with drying-
kilns attached. Fairs are held on May 1 1th, June '20th,
July yoth, Aug. 18th, Oct. ISth, Nov. 11th, and Dec.
'23rd, chiefly for cattle and pigs ; those in May and
November are much frequented for hiring servants.
Petty- sessions are held on alternate Saturdays; and a
baronial court was formerly held, but is at present dis-
240
continued : here is a station of the constabulary police.
The railways from Dungannon to Lough Erne, and from
Enniskillen to Newry and Dundalk, will skirt the' vil-
lage. The church, or chapel of ease to the parochial
church of Cleenish, is a neat edifice, built in 1764 by
Lord Rosse, who was interred in a vault beneath ; it
has been recently considerably enlarged. The Roman
Catholic chapel is a large plain building, attached to
the district of Enniskillen. Here are also a meeting-
house for Presbyterians, built on a site given by the
late Sir R. Hardinge ; and a small meeting-house for
Methodists. A male and female school, formerly in
connexion with the Kildare-place Society, but now
under the National Board, is held in a commodious
house, which also contains apartments for the master.
There are a dispensary, a fever hospital, and a loan
fund. In the vicinity of the village are several ancient
raths or forts ; and on a finely wooded island in Lough
Erne, connected by a causeway with the main land, is
Bellisle, the ruined seat of the Earl of Rosse.
LISBUNNY, or Lisboney, a parish, in the union
of Nenagh, barony of Upper Ormond, county of
TippERARV, and province of Munster, 1 mile (S. E.)
from Nenagh, and on the road from Dublin to Lime-
rick ; containing 1141 inhabitants, and comprising 4394
statute acres. Here is an extensive flour-mill worked
by superior machinery, the produce of which is in great
demand. Lisbunny is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Killaloe, forming part of the union of Kil-
niore : the tithe rent-charge is £'24'2. 6. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district
of Nenagh. There are some remains of the church,
adjacent to which are the ruins of a castle.
LISBURN, an unincorporated borough, a market-
town, a parish, and the head of a union, partly in the
barony of Upper Massereene, county of Antrim,
and partly in the barony of Upper Castiereagh, but
chiefly in that of Lower Iveagh, county of Down, and
province of Ulster, 6 miles (S. W. by S.) from Belfast,
and 73 (N.) from Dublin; containing 15,015 inhabit-
ants, of whom 75*24 are in the borough. This place
was in the reign of James I. (and long after) called Lis-
negarvey, and, though now a populous and flourishing
town, was at that time a very inconsiderable village.
Its rapid increase in population and importance may be
attributed to Edward, Viscount Conway, to whom, in
16'27, Charles I. granted the remainder of the manor of
Killultagh (a portion of which had been given by
James to the viscount's ancestor. Sir Fulk Conway)j
and who, on obtaining possession of this property, built
a castle, which became the head of a manor. The same
grant conferred the privileges of courts leet and baron,
view of frank-pledge, manorial courts for debts not
exceeding £'2, a court of record every three weeks for
sums not exceeding £20, a weekly market, and two
annual fairs. Soon after the erection of the castle,
some English and Welsh families were induced by the
proprietor to settle here, and a town consisting of more
than fifty houses arose.
On the breaking out of the war in 1641, a body of
1000 men assembled here, and preserved the town for
some time from the attempts of the insurgents, whose
detached parties were held in check ; but on the 28th
of November in that year, the garrison consisting only
of five newly raised companies and Lord Conway's troop
LI S B
L I S B
of horse, the insurgent army commanded by Sir Phclim
O'Nial, Sir Conn Magennis, and General IMiinkct, on
their march to Carrickfergus, advanced to attack the
town. Sir Arthur Tyringham, however, arriving with a
small reinforcement, and being aided by Sir George
Rawdou, repulsed the columns of the enemy as they
successively ad\anced to the assault, and, by a galling
fire from the streets, committed great slaughter among
them. At nightfall, further reinforcements arrived from
Carrickfergus and Belfast ; and the insurgents, despair-
ing of success, set fire to the town, which in a few hours
was reduced to ashes ; a sanguinary conflict being
maintained in the burning town till nearly midnight,
when the insurgents w'ere finally put to flight, leaving
behind them a number of slain equal to three times the
entire number of the garrison, of whom only from '20 to
30 were killed. In 1644, General Monroe made an
attempt to obtain possession of the town, but was frus-
trated by the vigilance and resolution of the garrison ;
and on the 6th of December, 1648, that general, with
the Scottish forces under his command, was signally
defeated on the plains of " Lisnegarvey," by Colonel
Venables and Sir Charles Coote, two of Cromwell's
commanders ; to the former of whom the castle was
surrendered in 1650. On the landing of the Duke of
Schomberg, near Bangor, in 16S9, a considerable body
of forces in the interest of James II. assembled at this
place ; but they afterwards abandoned it without any
attempt for its defence, and William III. passed through
the town shortly before the battle of the Boyne. Charles
II., to reward the fidelity of the inhabitants to his
father and to himself, had erected the church of Lis-
hurn into a cathedral for the united dioceses of Down
and Connor, and had granted the townsmen the privi-
lege of sending two representatives to the Irish parlia-
ment ; but what more especially contributed to the
improvement and commercial importance of the town
was the settlement here, after the revocation of the edict
of Nantz, of many Huguenot families, who introduced
the manufacture of linen, and brought with them im-
proved machinery from Holland. The skill and indus-
try of these foreigners were liberally encouraged by the
government, which granted large sums of money for
the erection of suitable buildings for carrying on the
manufactures, &c. ; and, by giving an example to others
engaged in the same trade, the new settlers soon raised
the quality of the manufactures to a degree of excellence
previously unknown. In 170", the town and castle
were burned to the ground ; the latter has never been
rebuilt, but the present town soon arose from the ruins
of the former, and gradually increased in extent. It
has been greatly improved at various times, especially
within the last few years by the spirited exertions of
the agent of the Marquess of Hertford, who is owner in
■fee of the whole town, and of a considerable part of the
surrounding country ; and Lisburn is now one of the
handsomest inland towns in Ulster.
The TOWN is situated on the north-western bank of
the river Lagan, which separates the counties of Antrim
and Down", and on the high road from Dublin to Bel-
fast : it consists principally of one long irregular line
of street, extending nearly from east to west, from which
several smaller streets branch ofif ; and contains, accord-
ing to the last census, 1001 houses, of which the greater
number are roofed with slate, and the remainder with
Vol. II.— '241
thatch. All the houses in the principal streets arc well
built, and amply supplied with excellent water conveyed
by pipes from works in the neighbourhood ; the lighting
of the town is under the management of commissioners
appointed agreeably with the act 9th George IV., cap.
8'2, which was adopted by the inhabitants in 1K37.
The great terrace of the castle, which is still remaining,
has been made an agreeable promenade ; it is sheltered
from the north by Castle-street, and is kept in the best
order at the expense of the Marquess of Hertford. On
the opposite side of the river is a small suburb, not
included in the ancient limits of the borough, but within
the parish and the new electoral boundaries. A line of
road has been made at a great expense at the entrance
from Dublin on the south-west, and also at the entrances
from Belfast and Armagh ; by which the town has been
much iniiiroved. The MANfKACTURE of linens and
cambrics, which are sold in their brown state every
market day at the linen-hall, a neat and commodious
building erected for the purpose, is still carried on to a
considerable extent, maintaining its high reputation for
the superior quality of the articles ; and the diapers
and damasks of this place have long been distinguished
for their unrivalled beauty of pattern and fineness of
texture. On a small island in the river Lagan are
extensive chymical works for the preparation of acids,
chlorides, &c., for the supply of the several bleach-yards,
of which some of the largest in the kingdom are adja-
cent to the town, the principal being at Lambcg, Colin,
Seymour Hill, Sufifolk, and Chrome Hill, where 189,000
pieces are annually bleached and finished, principally
for the London market. There are also establishments
for the printing, bleaching, and dyeing of muslins ; and,
near the town, an extensive thread manufactory and a
large flour-mill. The trade is much facilitated by the
Lagan navigation from Lough Neagh ; this, a little above
the town, joins the river Lagan, by which, with the aid
of several collateral cuts, the navigation is continued to
Belfast. The Ulster railway has also proved of great
benefit to the place. In the excise arrangements, Lis-
burn gives name to, and is the head of, a district com-
prising the towns of Larne, Carrickfergus, Belfast, and
Lisburn, in the county of Antrim ; and Newfown-Ardes,
Downpatriek, Castlewellan, Saintfield, Hillsborough,
and Banbridgc, in the county of Down. A branch of
the Northern Bank has been opened. The market is
on Tuesday, and is the largest and best in this part of
the country for every description of provisions ; it is
also much frequented on account of the quantities of
linen and other articles which, in addition to its supply
of provisi(uis, are brought for sale ; there is a cattle-
market on the same day. The fairs are annually held
on July 2 1st and Oct. .")th, and are chiefly for horses,
cattle, sheep, lambs, and pigs, the supply of which is
very large. The market-house is a handsome building
surmounted by a cupola, and, in addition to the accom-
modation it affords to the market, contains a suite of
assembly-rooms. There are also very extensive sham-
bles, corn-stores, sheds, and weigh-houses, erected by
the proprietor of the town ; and well-inclosed market-
places for cattle, sheep, and pigs.
By the charter of Charles IL conferring the elective
FR.\NCHisE, the inhabitants not being a body corporate,
and consequently having no municipal officer, the
seneschal of the manor of Killultagh was appointed
L 1 S B
L I S B
returning officer for the borough. The right of election
was vested in the inhabitants generally, every pot-
walloper being entitled to vote ; but by an act of the
35th of George III., cap. '29, it was restricted to the £5
householders, of whom, previously to the late act for
amending the representation, there were only 141, and of
these only SI were qualified to vote. By the '2ud of
William IV., cap. 88, the right of election was con-
firmed in the £5 householders ; and the boundary of
the borough, which was very indistinct, was enlarged
and clearly defined, and made to comprise an area of
13'25 acres. The number of voters registered in 1841
was '203 ; the seneschal is still the returning officer.
Manorial courts are held by the seneschal every third
Wednesday, at which debts to the amount of 40s. are
recoverable ; and there is a court of record, with juris-
diction to the amount of £'20 late currency. Courts
lect are also held, twice in the year, when a leet grand
jury is sworn, by whom a petty- constable is appointed
for each of the 17 constablewicks into which the manor
is divided : presentments for payment of salaries, re-
pairs of roads, and other works, are made ; and other
municipal functions of the borough are exercised. Petty-
sessions are held in the town every Tuesday ; and here
is a station of the constabulary police. A large and
handsome edifice now used as the court-house of the
manor, and for holding the petty-sessions and public
meetings, was originally built and supported by govern-
ment as a chapel for the Huguenot emigrants, whose
descendants having attached themselves to the Esta-
blished Church, the minister's stipend has been discon-
tinued, and the building appropriated to the above pur-
poses. The manor gaol of the borough, under the
custody of the marshal of the manor court, has, since
the 7th of George IV., been disused as a place of con-
finement, and is now used as a place of custody for
goods attached by the court, till bailed.
The parish, which is also called Blaris, comprises
10,697 statute acres ; 28'27| are in the barony of Upper
Massereene, county of Antrim, and 3064 in Upper
Castlereagh, and 4S05| in Lower Iveagh, county of
Down. The lands are very fertile, and the system of
agriculture is highly improved ; for the last thirty years,
wheat has been the staple crop, and oats, formerly the
principal produce, are now grown only for the sake of a
due rotation. The Maze race-course, described in the
article on Hillsborough, near which town it is situated,
is in this parish ; and the surrounding scenery is en-
livened by numerous gentlemen's seats, among which
are Ballymacash, Brookhill, Larchfield, Lambeg House,
Seymour Hill, Chrome Hill, Ingram Lodge, Suffolk, and
Colin ; besides many other elegant houses near the town.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Connor, and
in the patronage of the Marquess of Hertford. The tithe
rent-charge is £.525 ; there is a glebe-house, erected in
1 784 by the then incumbent; but no glebe attached to
the living. The church is a spacious and handsome
building, with a tower, to which an octagonal spire was
added in 1807, at the e.vpense of the second Marquess
of Hertford : a fine organ was presented to it by the
late marquess ; and in its improvement considerable
sums have been expended, including a grant of £'256
from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. It contains a
monument to Lieutenant Dobbs, a native of the town,
v,ho was killed in an engagement with Paul Jones off
24'2
this coast ; and an elegant monument recently erected
at the expense of the bishop and clergy of the diocese,
to the memory of the celebrated Dr. Jeremy Taylor,
Bishop of Down and Connor, who died here in 1667,
and was buried in a vault in the church of Dromore,
which he had built. In the churchyard are monuments
to many of the Huguenots who settled here under the
patronage of William III. and Queen Anne. This is
the cathedral of the united dioceses of Down and Con-
nor ; the visitations are held in it, and all the business
belonging to the see is transacted in the town. There
are no chapels of ease within the parish ; but divine
service is performed in the school-houses of Newport,
Maze, and Broomhedge, in rotation. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
sometimes called Blaris, comprising Lisburn, Hills-
borough, and Magheramesk, in the two former of
which are chapels. There is a meeting-house for Pres-
byterians of the General Assembly ; also two for Wes-
leyans, and one for the Society of Friends.
To the north of the town is the Ulster Provincial
School for the Society of Friends, founded in 1794 by
Mr. John Handcock, who bequeathed a sum of money
for the erection of the premises : 50 children, who are
eligible at eight years of age and remain till fourteen,
are boarded, clothed, educated, and apprenticed ; each
scholar pays £3. l^. per annum, and the remainder of
the expense, which averages about £14 per annum each,
is defrayed by contributions from the society. A free
school for boys was founded in 1810, and aided by the
Association for Discountenancing Vice ; and there is a
similar school for girls, built and supported by subscrip-
tion : the late George Whitla, Esq., bequeathed £100
to each, the interest of which is applied in procuring
clothing for some of the poorest children. "There are
two other schools for both sexes, one of them aided by
the same society, and the other supported by subscrip-
tion. An infants' school, also supported by subscrip-
tion, was established in 183'2, and a building was erected
for its use at an expense of £ 1 '20, towards defraying
which the late Marquess of Hertford contributed £50.
An almshouse for eight poor women was founded under
the will of Mr. Williams, in 18'26; and six almshouses,
for as many widows, were founded by a member of the
Trail family, and are now wholly supported by William
Trail, Esq. : they were rebuilt on a more convenient site
in 1830, at the expense of the marquess. The several
charitable bequests amount in the aggregate to £'2*50,
invested in government securities ; the interest is dis-
tributed in winter among the poor, according to the
wills of the respective donors. A Humane Society for
the restoration of suspended animation has been esta-
bhshed here ; and in an airy part of the town is situated
the County Infirmary, supported equally by subscrip-
tions and grand jury presentments. The workhouse of
the union, on a site of six acres purchased for £742,
was completed in 1840, at an expense of £6200, and
with all necessary accommodation affords admission to
SOO paupers. On the White Mountain, about two miles
to the north of the town, are the ruins of Castle Robin,
erected by Sir Robert Norton in the reign of EUzabeth ;
the walls now remaining are 84 feet long, 36 feet wide,
and 40 feet high, and near them is a large mount.
Among the distinguished individuals born here may be
noticed Dr. Edward Smith, Bishop of Down and Con-
L I S C
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nor, in 166"). Lisburn conCt-rs the titles of Earl and
Viscount on the family of Vaughan.
LISCANOR, a village, in the parish of Kilmaciikuy,
union of Ennistymon, barony of Coiicomroe, county
of Clare, and province of Munsteu, 4 miles (VV.) from
Ennistymon, and on the northern side of the bay of the
same name, on the western coast ; containing 8") houses,
and 56'i inhabitants. The bay of Liscanor being ex-
posed to the violence of the Atlantic, and having a
rocky and dangerous shore, a pier was built a few years
since, by the late Fishery Board, for the protection and
encouragement of the small craft emjiloyed in the
fishery of the bay, to which, as well as to vessels en-
gaged in general trading, it affords great shelter and
accommodation, although it has been several times
injured by the sea. Excellent lobsters, small turbot,
and a variety of other fish, are taken. Here are a con-
stabulary police station, and a detachment from the
coast-guard station at Freagh Point. Over the estuary
of the river Inagh, in the vicinity of the village, a hand-
some bridge was lately built, consisting of three elliptic
arches, each of 4.5 feet span, connected by a causeway
or embankment 160 feet in length, with three smaller
arches on the south side for the passage of superfluous
water; the total length of the roadway, including an
embankment at each end of the bridge, is ,507 feet. Of
the expense, £4200, the Board of Public Works, under
whose superintendence it was erected, contributed £'2'2'2'2,
the remainder being defrayed by the county. In the
Roman Catholic divisions, this village gives name to a
district, which comprises the parishes of Kilmacrehy
and Killaspuglenane and contains the chapels of Lis-
canor in the former and Cahirgal in the latter parish ;
that of Liscanor is a large plain building. Near the
village are the ruins of an ancient castle, consisting of a
square tower ; it was of great strength, and was the re-
sidence of the O'Conors. — See Kilmacrehy.
LISCARROL, a parish, in the union of Mallow,
barony of Orrery and Kilmore, county of Cork, and
province of Munster, 4i miles (W. N. W.) from But-
tevant, on the road to Newcastle ; containing '^'249 in-
habitants, of whom 750 are in the village. This place
is distinguished for the remains of its ancient castle, the
foundation of which is by some attributed to the fol-
lowers of Strongbow, and by others to John, Earl of
Morton, afterwards King of England. In 1641, the
castle was garrisoned by Sir Philip Perceval, and so
strongly fortified, that it maintained a resolute defence
for thirteen days against General Barry, by whom it
was besieged with an army of 7000 foot and 500 horse,
with a train of artillery, and to whom it surrendered on
honourable terms. The delay occasioned by the siege
allowed Lord Inchiquin to assemble a force of '2000
foot and 400 horse, with which he attacked and defeated
the Irish in the neighbourhood of the castle, which was
retaken and restored to Sir Philip. In 1644, the Irish
having made prisoners several of the garrison who were
without the walls, threatened to put them to death
unless the fortress surrendered, on which Raymond, the
constable, sallied out with a party of his men, put the
Irish to flight, and recovered the prisoners ; but the
castle, though well prepared for defence, surrendered in
the year following to Lord Castlehaven without making
any resistance. The village is pleasantly situated in
a valley, and contains 130 houses, mostly thatched. A
243
barrack for two officers and sixty-four non-comniisi>ioncd
ofhcers and privates, was built in the vicinity, in 18'21 j
the establishment was kept up for about four years, but
the buildings are now occupied by labourers. Fairs
are held on the 25th of March, 1st and 31st of May,
Aug. 3l8t, Oct. '2 let, and Nov. '29th, chiefly for cattle
and pigs. A constabulary police force is stationed
here : manorial courts are "held occasionally, with juris-
diction extending to 40s. ; and petty-sessions on alter-
nate Thursdays.
The parish comprises 4028 statute acres ; the land
in general is good, and chiefly in pasture. Limestone
is quarried both for agricultural purposes and for build-
ing. The principal seats arc, Altamira, a handsome
mansion in an extensive and richly planted demesne ;
and High Fort, the residence of the Purcell family, dis-
tinguished for the gallant defence made by its then
proprietor. Sir John Purcell, against a midnight attack
by nearly 20 robbers, whom, though armed only with
a case knife, he entire repulsed ; in consideration of
which intrepid conduct, he obtained the honour of
knighthood. Sally Park is now in ruins. The living
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, united to that of
Kilbrin, together forming the union of Kilbrin or Lis-
carrol, in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory Is
impropriate. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£190. 10., which is equally divided between the impro-
priator and the vicar ; the vicarial tithe rent-charge of
the whole benefice amounts to £410. 5. The church is
at Ballygraddy, on the border of Liscarrol, and in the
parish of Kilbrin. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a union, comprising also the parish
of Churchtown or Bruhenny : the chapel here, an old
building, was lately repaired and enlarged ; there is also
a chapel at Churchtown. There are very considerable
remains of the ancient castle, which was a quadrangular
building, 240 feet long and 120 feet wide, inclosed w Jth
walls 30 feet high and defended with two square and
four round towers of great strength, parts of which
are still remaining. Near the barracks are some re-
markable fissures in the limestone rock ; about a mile
from the town is a fissure of great depth, called Kate's
Hole, which is now closed up ; and at Coolbane, to
the west of it, is a large rath, neatly planted, where it
is said seventeen of the relatives of Garret Fitzgerald,
of the house of Desmond, killed in the siege of the
castle, were interred.
LISCARTIN, a parish, in the union of Navan,
barony of Lower Navan, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 2i miles (N. W.) from Navan ; on
the river Blackwater, and on the road from Dublin to
Enniskillen ; containing 3 IS inhabitants. It comprises
1303^ statute acres, of good quality, and chiefly in til-
lage. Liscartin Castle, supposed to have been originally
a monastic building, was the birth-place of the first
Lord Cadogan, to which family it still belongs ; part of
it now constitutes the residence of Jlr. Gerrard : the
outworks of the castle were considerable, and a gate-
way still remains, about 60 yards distant from the main
building. Bachelor's Lodge, a neat residence, is also in
this parish. Liscartin is a rectory, in the diocese ot
Meath, forming part of the union of Ardbraccan ; the
tithe rent-charge is £51. IS. 6. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is part of the district of Ardbraccan,
also called Bohermeen.
212
L I S G
LISCLEARY, or Lisley Colerigge, a parish, in
the union of Kinsale, barony of Kerricurrihy, county
of Cork, and province of Munster, '24 miles (VV.) from
Carrigaline, and on the south side of the river Awinboy ;
containing 143'2 inhabitants. It comprises 4305 statute
acres, and is divided into two parts by the intervening
parish of Carrigaline. The surface is undulating, and
the soil in general good ; besides lime, sea-weed and
sand brought from Carrigaline are used for manure,
and the system of agriculture is gradually improving.
Limestone exists near the border of the adjoining parish
of Killanully, but lies too deep for profitable working,
especially as an abundant supply is obtained from that
parish. The seats are Ballea Castle and Rathfeen
House. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Cork ; the rectory constitutes the corps of
the prebend of Liscleary in the cathedral of Cork, and
the vicarage is held in sequestration by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. Of the tithe rent-charge, amounting
to £157. 10., five-ninths are payable to the prebendary
and the remainder to the commissioners. Divine service
is regularly performed in the parochial school-house.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Ballygarvan and Douglas. The school
is partly supported by the prebendary, and partly by
the Cork Diocesan Association. A chalybeate spa here
has been found efficacious in cases of dyspepsia, and is
exceedingly valuable as a tonic diuretic.
LISCOLEINTAN, a parish, in the union and barony
of Shillelagh, county of Wicklow, and province of
Leinster, 3 miles (E. N. E.) from Tullow, and on the
confines of the county of Carlow ; containing 639 in-
habitants. It comprises 24S3 statute acres, including a
small portion of bog : the state of agriculture is im-
proving. The seats are Rath and Knocklow. It is an
impropriate cure, in the diocese of Leighlin, forming
part of the union of Aghold ; the rectory is appropriate
to the dean and chapter, and of the tithe rent-charge,
amounting to £11'2. 10., two-thirds are payable to the
lessee of the dean and chapter, and the remainder to
the incumbent. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Clonmore.
LISDEEN, a village, in the parish of Kilfieragh,
union of Kilrush, barony of Moyarta, county of
Clare, and province of Munster, 1 miles (E.) from
KUkee, near the road from that place to Kilrush. Fairs
are held on May 7th, July 13th, Sept. 8th, and Dec. 17th.
Here is the old Roman Catholic chapel for the parish of
Kilfieragh ; and in the vicinity is a chalybeate spring,
occasionally used for medicinal purposes.
LISDOONVARNA, Clare.— See Kilmoon.
LISDtJWNEY, a village, in the parish of Aharney,
barony of Galmoy, union and county of Kilkenny,
and province of Leinster, 3 miles (S.) from Durrow,
on the road to Kilkenny ; containing 28 houses, and
134 inhabitants. It is situated on the confines of
Queen's county, and contains the chapel giving name to
the Roman Catholic district, which comprises the pa-
rishes of Aharney, Shefiin, Balleen, and Coolcashin, and
parts of Rathbeagh and Grange.
LISGENAN, or Grange, a parish, in the union of
Dungarvan, barony of DECiES-within-DRUM, county
of Waterford, and province of Munster, 5 miles (E.)
from Youghal ; on the river Licky, and near the coast;
containing -2.J27 inhabitants. It comprises 5710 statute
544
LI SL
acres : sea-weed, which is obtained in great abundance
at the Cove, is used for manure. In the cliffs are some
remarkable caves, and off the shore is Goats' Island ; at
Whiting bay is Grange Lodge, a marine villa, the occa-
sional residence of Sir Richard Musgrave, Bart. The
parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, forming
part of the union of Kinsalebeg ; the rectory is impro-
priate in the Duke of Devonshire, and of the tithe rent-
charge, amounting to £450, two-thirds are payable to
the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. la
the Roman Catholic divisions Lisgenan forms part of the
district of Ardmore, and has a small chapel.
LISGOOLD, a parish, in the union of Midleton,
barony of Barrymore, county of Cork, and province
of Munster, 6f miles (S. S. E.) from Rathcormac, and
on the road from Midleton to Fermoy ; containing 969
inhabitants. It comprises 3154 statute acres; the soil
is poor, and the state of agriculture rather backward.
The beautiful glen of Bally-Edmond contains some fine
plantations, and is traversed by the river Curra in its
course to Midleton. Fairs are held at Lisgoold on May
1st, June 24th, Nov. 1st, and Dec. 2 1st. The living is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, united prior to any
existing record to the rectories and vicarages of Ballin-
temple and Imphrick, the rectory of Ballycaraney, and
two-thirds of the rectory of Kilcreden, together con- •
stituting the union of Lisgoold and the corps of the
precentorship of the cathedral of Cloyne, in the gift of
the Bishop : the rectory is impropriate in G. Lukey, of
Midleton, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£151. 6. 6., of which £89. 0. 6. are payable to the im-
propriator, and the remainder to the incumbent ; the
entire tithe of the benefice of the incumbent is £732. 18.
There is a glebe of 1 1 acres, but no glebe-house. The
church, towards the erection of which the late Board of
First Fruits contributed £500, was built in 1789.
With the exception of Lisgoold and Ballycaraney the
parishes of the union are detached, at a considerable
distance from each other. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Lisgoold gives name to the district, which also
comprises the parishes of Ballycaraney, Templeboden,
and Templenecarrigy ; the chapel is at Lisgoold.
LISGRIFFIN.— See Buttevant.
LISHEEN, a village, in the parish and barony of
Moyarta, poor-law union of Kilrush, county of Clare,
and province of Munster ; containing 26 houses, and
140 inhabitants.
LISKEEVY, a parish, in the poor-law union of
TuAM, barony of Dunmore, county of Galway, and
province of Connaught, 6|- miles (N. W.) from Tuam,
on the road to Clareraorris and Mayo ; containing 3118
inhabitants. It comprises 7206| statute acres, includ-
ing a large quantity of bog, the whole of which is easily
reclaimable, from the abundance of limestone- gravel in
the vicinity. The river Clare runs through it, and in
some places has a depth of 40 feet. It is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Tuam, forming part of the uni(m of Tuam ;
the rectory partly constitutes the corps of the deanery,
and is partly appropriate to the chapter of Tuam. The
tithe rent-charge of Liskeevy is £110. I7. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Adregoole, and has a chapel at Milltown.
LISLEE, a parish, in the union of Bangor, barony
of Ibane and Barryroe, county of Cork, and province
of Munster, 10 miles (S. W.) from Bandon, and on
LI S M
L I S M
the southern coast ; containing, with the village of
Court-NPSherry (which is separately describee]), r)'211
inhabitants. This parish, which comprises G'MVi statute
acres, is situated on the western side of the harbour of
Court-M'Sherry ; the land is in general good and under
tillage, and, from the great facility of procuring sea-
manure at the " Broad Strand," is in some parts well
cultivated. At Dunworley is a small bog overflowed by
the sea ; there are some quarries of skte of an inferior
quality, and in the vicinity of Court-M' Sherry slate of
.superior quality and colour is obtained. The seats are,
Court-M' Sherry, beautifully situated on the harbour,
and sheltered by a well-planted eminence ; Sea Court ;
and Butlcrstown. The seneschal of the Earl of Shan-
non has the power of holding a court baron here for the
recovery of debts not exceeding 40s. late currency,
which has merged into that of Tiraoleague, where the
courts are now held.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ross, epis-
copally united in 1*05 to the rectory of Kilsillagh,
together constituting the union of Lislee, in the patron-
age of the Bishop : the rectory here is impropriate in
the E^arl of Shannon. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £561. 1"., of which £lr>'Z. 15. are payable to
the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar ; the
entire tithe of the incumbent's benefice amounts to
£441. 'I. 9- The glebe comprises 4'2 acres, of which 32
were purchased by the late Board of First Fruits ; the
glebe-house was built in 1813, by a gift of £100 and a
loan of £750 from the same Board. The church is a
neat edifice in the early English style, with a square
tower, erected in 1.S30 at the expense of the parish,
aided by a loan of £900 from the Board. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions this parish forms part of the
district of Abbeymabon ; the chapel, a large plain build-
ing, is at Butlerstown. Of seven schools in the parish,
the parochial schools at Barreragh are partly supported
by the vicar, and, together with a school at Court-
IWSherry, built by the vicar and supported by the
Ladies Boyle, and a Sunday school, are under his super-
intendence ; there is a school held in the chapel-yard at
Butlerstown, under the patronage of the Roman Catholic
clergy : the remainder are private schools. There are
several ancient circular mounds, or raths ; that from
which the p.irish is said to derive its name. Lis- lee, is a
little to the west of the church, but the most extensive
is on a hill about half a mile to the south. On a small
peninsula in the bay of Dunworley, are the ruins of the
castle of that name, having a very narrow entrance
similar to that of the strong castle of the O Driscols on
Cape Clear ; and on the cliffs called the " Seven Heads"
is an old signal tower. Near Dunworley is a spring of
very pure water, dedicated to St. Anne ; and in several
parts of the parish are springs strongly impregnated
with iron. A little south of the Broad Strand are lofty
cliffs composed of several distinct strata ; the fourth
from the surface is a soft ferruginous yellow rock, in
which masses of iron-ore are found, varying in size
from 4oz. to nearly 1 cwt.
LISLIVAXE, a village, in the parish of Abbey-
MAHON, union of B.\XDON, barony of Ib.vne and Bar-
RYROE, county of Cork, and province of Munster;
containing -5 houses, and 1'21 inhabitants.
LISMAKEERY, or Lismacdiry, a parish, in the
union of Rathkeale, barony of Lower Coxnello,
■245
county of Limerick, and province of Munsteh, 2 miles
(S.) from Askeaton ; on the road to Newbridge, and oil
the western bank of the river Deel ; containing 1056
inhabitants. It comprises 303'2 statute acres, chiefly of
a light soil interspersed with limestone crags, and much
encumbered with loose stones, presenting an uneven
surface and bleak appearance ; but is nevertheless gene-
rally productive, and on the banks of the Deel is even
fertile. Altavilla, a handsome residence surrounded by
a well-planted demesne, is finely situated on this river,
at the south-eastern extremity of the parish. Lisma-
keery is a rectory, in the diocese of Limerick, forming
part of the union of Askeaton : the tithe rent-charge is
£ 135. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the parish
is included in the union or district of Askeaton. On an
eminence near Altavilla are the ruins of the church.
LISMALIN, a parish, in the union of Callan,
barony of Slievardarh, county of Tii'I'erary, and
province of Munster, 4i miles (S. \V.) from Callan ;
containing 141* inhabitants. This parish, which is
situated on the confines of the county of Kilkenny, com-
prises 424'2 statute acres; and was anciently distin-
guished for its castle, of which there are still some por-
tions remaining. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Cashel, united to the prebend and vicarage
of Crohane, and the rectories and vicarages of Modes-
hill and Mowney, together constituting the corps of the
archdeaconry of Cashel, in the patronage of the Bishop.
The tithe rent-charge of the union is £"85. ". 6. : there
is neither glebe nor glebe-house. The church is a neat
edifice.
LISMATEIGUE, a denomination or reputed parish,
in the union of Waterford, barony of Knocktopher,
county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 3
miles (S.) from Knocktopher, and on the road from
Waterford to Kilkenny ; containing 545 inhabitants. It
anciently formed part of the possessions of the abbey
of Jerpoint ; and comprises 1 643^ statute acres, of which
the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £'5, is payable to
the rector and vicar of Burnchurch, in the diocese of
Ossory.
LISMORE, a market and
post town (formerly a par-
liamentary borough), a pa-
rish, the head of a union,
and the seat of a diocese,
partly in the barony of Con-
dons and Clongibbons,
county of Cork, but chiefly
in that of Coshmore and
Coshbride, county of Wa-
terford, and in the pro-
vince of MvNSTER, 34 miles
(S.s. W.) from Waterford and
lO^i (S. W. by S.) from Dublin, on the coacli-road from
Waterford to Cork ; containing, with the post-town of
Cappoquin (which is separately described) and the parish
of Mocollop, '21,552 inhabitants, of whom 3007 are in
the town of Lismore. This place, called anciently Dim-
sginne, from an old fortification to the east of the town
("now termed the Round Hill), to which, on his expul-
sion from Rathenin by King Blathmac, in 631, St.
Carthagh fled for shelter, derived its present name,
signifying " a great house or village," from a monas-
tery founded here by that saint, which subsequently
.■inns.
LI S^I
LI SM
became a celebrated seat of learning and the head of a
diocese. St. Carthagh, who died in 6,38, and was in-
terred in his own church, was succeeded by St. Cataldus,
afterwards bishop of Tarentum, in Italy, whose succes-
sors were indifferently styled abbots or bishops ; and
the school, which was attended by numbers not only
from the neighbouring districts, but also from remote
countries, was in the zenith of its reputation about the
commencement of the Sth century. The establishment
continued to flourish ; and such was the fame of the
place, that not less than 20 churches were founded in
its immediate vicinity; but in 812 it was plundered by
the Danes, who, from that period till 915, five times
repeated their devastations. In 9*8 the town and
abbey were burned by the Ossorians ; in 1095 the town
was destroyed by an accidental fire ; and in 1116, 1138,
and 1157, both the town and the monastery suffered
from conflagration.
Henry II., after landing at Waterford, marched to
this place, where he was met by the chiefs of Munster,
who, with the archbishops, bishops, and abbots of Ire-
land, swore allegiance to him, and gave him a charter
confirming the kingdom of Ireland to him and his heirs
for ever. While here, the king chose a site, and gave
the necessary orders for the erection of a fortress for
its defence. In 1173, Raymond Le Gros, with the
English army, marched to Lismore with the plunder
he had taken in Ophaly ; and, after ravaging the city
and neighbourhood, proceeded on his route to Dun-
garvan. A castle was erected here, in 1185, by John,
Earl of Morton, and Lord of Ireland. Four years
afterwards it was taken by the Irish, who put Robert
de Barry, the commander, and the whole of the gar-
rison, to the sword ; it was, however, soon rebuilt by
the king, and for many ages continued to be the resi-
dence of the bishops of the see, till Miler Magrath,
Archbishop of Cashel and Bishop of Lismore, in 1518
granted the manor and other lands to Sir Walter
Raleigh, from whom, with the rest of his possessions,
they were purchased by Sir Richard Boyle, afterwards
created Earl of Cork. The castle was greatly strengthened
and improved by the earl, who built three other forts in
the neighbourhood, one of which was at the Park, one
at Ballygarran, and the third at Ballyinn ; he also
obtained a charter of incorporation for the town, and
the grant of a market and fairs.
At the commencement of the war in 1641, the castle
was besieged by a force of .'.OOO Irish under Sir Richard
Belling, but was bravely defended by the earl's son.
Lord Broghill, who compelled them to abandon the
attempt. In 1643, a party of 200 insurgents, in re-
taliation for the destruction of Clogheen by the gar-
rison of this place, entered the town and burned most
of the thatched houses and cabins, killed 60 of the
inhabitants, and carried off several prisoners. In July
of the same year Lieutenant- General Purcell, com-
mander-in-chief of the insurgent forces, at the head
of 7000 foot and 900 horse, with three pieces of artil-
lery, marched to Cappoquin, where he remained for
four days, laying waste the adjacent country ; and
being there joined by Lord Muskerry, he advanced to
besiege the castle of Lismore. After a week's siege, a
cessation of arms was mutually agreed on, and the
assailants immediately retired ; but the castle suffered
great injury during this war, and in 1645, being burned
246
by Lord Castlehaven, it was reduced almost to a ruin,
and the town became a neglected village, consisting
only of a few miserable cabins. In 16S6, the Earl of
Clarendon, on his progress through Munster, passed a
night in this castle, which was also visited by James II.,
in 1689; and in 1785 the Duke of Rutland, Lord-
Lieutenant of Ireland, held a council in the castle, from
which he issued several proclamations. The castle,
with all its lands and other property, descended from
the Earls of Cork and Burlington, by marriage, to the
ancestor of his Grace the Duke of Devonshire, who is
the present proprietor.
The TOWN, which has been greatly improved by the
late and present duke, is romantically situated on the
summit of a steep eminence rising to the height of 93
feet from the southern bank of the river Blackwater,
over which is a fine bridge of stone, erected by the late
duke of Devonshire at an expense of £9000, and of
which the central arch has a span of 100 feet. Some
new streets have been made : the total number of
houses, in 1841, was 352, several of which are neat and
well built; the place has a cheerful and thriving
appearance. The castle, restored by the late duke in
1812, forms an imposing object, rising majestically from
the elevated bank of the river, and occupying the
verge of a precipitous cliff, partly clothed with wood
and towering above the foliage which conceals its base.
The approach is through an outer gateway, called the
Riding House, from which a long avenue of stately
trees, flanked with high stone walls, leads to the
principal entrance through a lofty gateway-tower, over
which are the arms of the first earl of Cork, into the
square of the castle. Several of the towers are still
in their original state, though other portions of the
building have been restored and embellished in a more
modern style. The state apartments are spacious, and
very elegantly fitted up ; the drawing-rooms are hung
with splendid tapestry, and paintings by the first
masters. From the summits of the tower, and the flat
roofs of the building, are magnificent views of the
surrounding country : in front is the lofty mountain of
Knockmeledown, rising above the range of hills ex-
tending eastward, and from which a deep ravine thickly
wooded, and alternated with projecting masses of rugged
rock appearing through the foliage, descends to the
vale immediately below it ; the vale is embellished with
handsome residences and rich plantations ; and near
its apparent extremity is seen the town of Cappoquin,
with the spire of its church, and its bridge of light
structure over the river. In the grounds are some
remarkably fine yew-trees of great age, forming an
avenue, and assuming the appearance of cloisters. The
trade is very inconsiderable ; but on the river, imme-
diately below the castle, is an extensive salmon-fishery,
and during the season great Cjuantities of fish are taken,
which are packed in ice, and exported to Liverpool and
to other distant ports. The Blackwater affords facility
of commerce with the port of Youghal ; the navigation
was extended from the point to which the tide reaches,
about a mile to the east, up to the bridge, by a canal
constructed at the expense of the late duke, by means
of which corn and flour are exported, and timber, iron,
coal, and miscellaneous articles are imported, in lighters
plying between this place and Youghal. In the excise
arrangements Lismore is within the district of Water-
L I S M
L I S M
ford. There arc no stated market days : the fairs are
on May '25th, Sept. 'ioth, and Nov. I'ith ; and here is a
constabulary police station.
By charter of James I., granted in 1613 to Sir Richard
Boyle, first carl of Cork, the town, with the circumjacent
lauds within a mile and a half round the parish church,
was made a free borough ; and the corporation was
directed to consist of a portreeve, free burgesses, and
commonalty. The charter also invested the corporation
with the privilege of returning two members to the
Irish parliament, which they continued to exercise till
the Union, when the borough was disfranchised, and
the £15,000 awarded as compensation were paid to the
trustees under the will of the Earl of Cork and Bur-
lington, whose seneschal was the returning ofiicer.
Whether the officers of the corporation, nominated in
the charter, were ever regularly chosen, cannot be
ascertained ; but it appears that few municipal functions
were exercised, except by the seneschal of the manor.
He still holds his court, at which debts not exceeding
£10 are recoverable every third week; but since the
Union the corporation has become virtually extinct.
Petty-sessions are held on alternate Wednesdays : the
sessions-house is a spacious building, and there is also
a bridewell.
The PARISH of Lismoreand Mocollop contains 64,037
statute acres. The soil is in general fertile, and the
lands alternately arable and pasture, with very little
waste, except roads and river, and a small quantity of
bog ; the system of agriculture is improved. Lime-
stone abounds in the southern parts of the parish, and
towards the north is found in strata of great depth.
Slate of good quality for roofing is quarried on the
north side of the Blackwater and at Glenribben, and
there are several other quarries, one of which near the
bridge of Lismore has been worked for a long time :
there is slate also on the side of Knockmeledown ;
and coarse clay-slate, silicious rock, conglomerate, and
sandstone are found in various parts. Iron, copper,
and lead ores are frequently discovered, and were for-
merly worked, but discontinued for want of fuel ; a lead-
mine was discovered in 1836, a little below Cappoquin,
near the navigable part of the Blackwater, but it is not
yet worked. The scenery abounds with features of
grandeur and beauty ; on the north, towards the county
of Tipperary, the parish is bounded by a mountainous
ridge, the highest point of which is the conical summit
of Knockmeledown, '2700 feet above the level of the
sea, commanding a magnificent and extensive prospect,
embracing the Rock of Cashel and its cathedral church,
and the ocean, with the bays of Youghal and Dun-
garvan. On the summit of this mountain, Mr. Eccles,
a writer on electricity, was buried in 1*81, at his own
request. Some very rich scenery is also observable
on the roads to Clogheen and Cappoquin, about two
miles distant ; in various places deep ravines intersect
the range of hills, and the whole of the adjoining dis-
trict presents features of interest and variety. The
principal seats are, Tourin, the residence of Sir R. Mus-
grave, Bart., composed partly of an ancient castle, and
commanding an extensive and picturesque view; Bally-
saggartraore, an ample and tastefully planted demesne
near the river, also commanding some fine views ;
Flower Hill, a beautiful residence in the cottage style,
surrounded by richly diversified scenery; Fort William,
"247
a demesne on the opposite side of the Blackwater, In
which a new house has been erected by the proprietor ;
Glencairne, a handsome residence beautifully situated ;
Ballygally; Glanbeg ; Tourtain ; Ballyinn ; Ballyrafter;
and Salterbridge, beautifully situated in thriving planta-
tions. At Ballyinn are some flour-mills.
The See of Lismoiik, soon after the arrival of the
English, was enlarged by the annexation of the ancient
see of Ardmore. Bishop Felix, who succeeded to the
prelacy in 1179, gave the church of St. John to the
abbey of Thomas-Court, near Dublin ; and from this
time, fierce disputes were carried on between the prelat*
of this see and the Bishop of Waterford, which were
frequently renewed and continued by several of his
successors, till 1358, when, during the prelacy of Bishop
Reve, the two sees were united. They continued to be
held as one by Le Reve, Bishop of Lismore and Water-
ford, and by his successors till the passing of the Church
Temporalities' act, in the 3rd and 4th of William IV.,
when, on the decease of Dr. Bourke, both were annexed
to the see of Cashel, and their temporalities became
vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. Lismore is
one of the sixteen dioceses which constitute the eccle-
siastical province of Dublin : it includes the greater
part of the county of Waterford, and part of 'I'ippcrary,
extending 38 miles in length and 3* in breadth, and
comprising an estimated superficies of 3'23,500 acres, of
which 9-,000 are in Tipperary and the remainder in
Waterford. The lands belonging to the see, and its
gross revenue, are comprised in the return for the see
of Waterford. The chapter consists of a dean, pre-
centor, chancellor, treasurer, archdeacon, and the pre-
bendaries of Tulloghorton, Dysart, Donoughmore, Kil-
rossanty, Modeligo, Kilgobinet, Seskinan, andClashmore.
There are five vicars-choral, who were first instituted
by Bishop Christopher about the year 1230, and are all
appointed by the dean, who has a peculiar jurisdiction
over the parishes of Lismore, Tallow, and Mocollop
during eleven months of the year, fill inhibited by the
bishop, a month before the episcopal visitation ; he has
also a right to appoint a registrar, and can grant licences
under his own consistorial seal : the deanery, it is said,
may be held by a layman. There are comprehended in
the see the rural deaneries of Lismore, Whitechurch,
Dungarvan, Carrick, Clonmel, and Cahir. The number
of parishes in the diocese is "6, comprised in 43 bene-
fices, of which 23 are unions of two or more parishes,
and 20 single parishes ; of these benefices, 6 are in the
patronage of the Crown, 26 in that of the Bishop of
Cashel, tind the remainder in lay patronage. There are
in the diocese 36 churches, and one other episcopal place
of worship ; and 15 glcbe-houses.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the diocese is united
with that of Waterford, together forming one of the seven
bishoprics sulTragan to the archiepiscopal see of Cashel ;
it contains 65 chapels ; the number of parochial bene-
fices and clergy is stated in the account of the see of
Waterford.
The c.\THEDR.\L church, dedicated to St. Carthagb,
the only one remaining of the numerous ancient churches
of this place, and now used as the parochial church, was,
after being almost destroyed in the reign of Elizabeth
by Edmund Fitzgibbon, called the "White Knight," re-
stored in 1663 at the expense of the Earl of Cork. It
is a handsome structure, chiefly in the later English
L I S M
style, with a square tower surmounted by a light and
elegant spire, which were added to it some few years
since, when extensive alterations and repairs were made.
The entrance is at the extremity of the south transept,
under a pure Norman arch of elegant design : the choir,
in which the parochial service is performed, is embel-
lished with windows of stained glass, executed by the
late George JPAUister, of Dublin ; and the bishop's
throne and prebendal stalls are of oak richly carved.
The only ancient monument now remaining is one to
the family of Mac Grath, dated 1548, and very richly
sculptured ; there are some handsome tablets to the
memory of Dean Scott, Archdeacon Ryan, J. H. Lovett,
Esq., and the families of Musgrave, Chearnley, and
others. The economy fund, on an average of three years
euding May, 1831, amounted to £8'23. 10. 9. per annum,
arising from the tithes of the parishes of Lisraore and
Mocollop : it is appropriated to the payment of two
preachers in the cathedral, who have respectively sti-
pends of £S0 and £65 ; to the curate of Cappoquin,
whose stipend is £90 ; and to the payment of salaries
to the cathedral officers, and of repairs.
The rectory of Lismore has been united from time
immemorial to that of Mocollop, and both are appro-
priate to the economy fund of the cathedral ; the
vicarage is also united to that of Mocollop, and both
are appropriate to the vicars-choral, who have cure of
souls. The tithe rent-charge is £1476. 18. 6. for both
parishes, which, with the exception of four townlands
in the county of Cork, comprise 6'2,744 statute acres ;
there is no glebe-house, but a residence for the arch-
deacon. The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive
with that of the Established Church ; the chapel here
is a large and neat edifice, and there is a chapel also at
Ballyduff. There are places of worship for Presbyterians
in connexion with the General Assembly, and for Wes-
leyan Methodists. Of several public schools, the clas-
sical school was endowed with a house and £30 per
annum by the late Earl of Cork ; two are partly sup-
ported by the dean and chapter and vicars-choral, one
of which is aided by a bequest of £1* per annum from
Mr. Magner, of Boston, in the United States ; two are
aided by Sir R. Musgrave and Captain Bushe, and one
by the Duke of Devonshire. Six almshouses were
founded and endowed by the first earl of Cork for de-
cayed Protestant soldiers ; and there are a fever hos-
pital, and dispensary. ]Mr. Lovett, in 1805, bequeathed
£500 to the poor. The union workhouse, on a site of
four acres held at a rent of £10 per annum, was com-
pleted in 1841, at an expense of £5500, and is con-
structed to contain 500 paupers.
At Kilbree are some remains of a castle built by King
John, situated on an eminence commanding the Black-
water. There are vestiges of a double and single trench
in the parish ; the former, called Rian-Bo-Pudndc, ex-
tending eastward from Knockmeledown, and twice
crossing the river in its line towards Ardmore ; and
the latter stretching from Cappoquin, along the side of
the mountains, into the county of Cork. Halfway be-
tween Lismore and Cappoquin is a weak chalybeate
water, and there is another between Lisraore and Knock-
meledown ; also a very strong chalybeate spring near
Glenmore. Near the church are two small caves, and
in the gro\e near the castle is a third ; there is also a
cave at Ballymartin, through which flows a rivulet.
248
L I SN
Numerous circular intrenchments still remain in the
parish, especially on both sides of the high road to
Dungarvan and the mountains. Roger Boyle, first earl
of Orrery, and fifth son of Richard, first earl of Cork,
an eminent statesman and soldier ; Robert Boyle, his
brother, the celebrated natural philosopher ; and Jona-
than Henry Lovett, distinguished by his attainments
in the Persian, Hindostanee, and Arabic languages, and
who died off the Cape of Good Hope, in 1805, on his
voyage from India, in the '25th year of his age ; were
natives of this parish. Lismore gives the titles of Baroa
and Viscount to the family of O'Callaghan.
LISMULLEN, a parish, in the union of Navan,
barony of Skryne, county of Meath, and province of
Leinster, 5 miles (S. S. E.) from Navan, and on the
road from Dublin to Enniskillen ; containing 150 inha-
bitants. A house for Augustiuian nuns was founded
here in 1240 by Alicia, sister of Richard de la Corner,
bishop of Meath, and existed until the Reformation : in
the reign of Edward VL, the buildings and part of the
estates were granted to Thomas Cusack. The parish
comprises 93Sf statute acres of land, about two-thirds
of which are in tillage : good gritstone is quarried here
for building, and copper is supposed to exist but has
not yet been worked. Here is a station of the consta-
bulary police. Lismullen Park is the seat of Sir Charles
Drake Dillon, Bart., on whose ancestor, John Dillon,
and his heirs male, the dignity of a free baron of the
Holy Roman Empire was conferred by the Emperor
Joseph IL, in 178'2; the demesne, which comprises
about 200 plantation acres, contains some fine old
timber. The parish is a chapelry, in the diocese of
Meath, forming part of the union of Skryne : the tithes
are included in the rent-charge for Templecarn. In the
Roman Catholic divisions, also, Lismullen forms part of
the union or district of Skryne or Skreen.
LISNADILL, a parish, in the union of Armagh,
partly in the baronies of Armagh and Upper Fews, but
chiefly in that of Lower Fews, county of Armagh, and
province of Ulster, 2 miles (S. E.) from Armagh, on the
road to Newtown-Hamilton ; containing 9895 inhabit-
ants. This parish comprises 18,5565 statute acres, of
which 44685 '''■s '° ^^^ barony of Armagh, 5824 in Upper
Fews, and 8264 in Lower Fews. The land is remark-
ably good, and the system of agriculture in a very im-
proved state ; limestone of excellent quality is quarried
in several parts, chiefly for agricultural purposes. The
principal seats are Beech Hill, Ballyards, and Ballier.
The weaving of linen for the manufacturers and bleachers
of the surrounding district, affords employment to many
of the inhabitants ; and there are two very extensive
bleach greens, in which, on an average, 56,000 pieces
are annually finished for the English markets. The
LIVING is a rectory and perpetual curacy, in the diocese
of Armagh ; the rectory forms part of the union of
Armagh, and the perpetual curacy was instituted under
the provisions of an act of the 7th of George HL The
tithe rent-charge is £48". 10., and the stipend of the
curate is £100, paid by the rector of Armagh, who is
the patron ; the curate has also the glebe-house, a hand-
some residence built by Primate Robinson, and 62 acres
of glebe, purchased by the primate for the endowment
of the living. The church is a spacious edifice in the
later English style, with a square embattled tower erected
by Primate Robinson in 1772, and has the arms of the
L 1 S N
LI SS
founder over the entrance. In the Roman Cathohc
divisions the parish is the head of a district called
sometimes Bally macnab and Kilcluney, comprising the
parishes of Lisnadill and Kilcluney, part of Mullagh-
brack, and the district of Armaghbreague ; there are
chapels at Ballymacnab and Granemore, and a spacious
and handsome chapel lately erected in the parish. The
parochial school is endowed with 7 acres of land assigned
by Primate Robinson, who also built the school-house.
The ancient church was destroyed in the war of 16-11,
but its extensive cemetery is still used. At Corran, in
1833, was found a cylindrical case of gold, containing
many antique gems and ornaments, among which was a
necklace of jet richly carved.
LISNAKILL, a parish, in the barony of Middle-
third, union and county of Waterford, and province
of MuNSTER, 4 miles (W. by S.) from AVaterford ; con-
taining 67-t inhabitants. It comprises '2534 statute
acres ; the soil is various : in the north-western extre-
mity, slate of good quality for roofing was formerly
quarried. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of
Waterford, united to part of the rectory of Kilmeaden,
together constituting the corps of the treasurership of
Waterford, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £120, and the glebe com-
prises rather more than 5^ acres ; there is neither
church nor glebe-house. At the time of the Down
survey there was an ancient castle at this place ; and in
a Danish fort, at no great distance, have been found two
curious earthen vessels, in one of which was a golden
bracelet. At Whitfield, in a vast heap of stones, are
two conical apartments built of stone, and supposed to
have been used as tombs.
LISNARRICK, a village, in the parish of Derry-
vvLLEN, union of Lowtherstown, barony of Lurg,
county of Fer.managh, and province of Ulster, 3i
miles (S.) from Kesh, on the road to Enniskillen ; con-
taining '204 inhabitants. It consists of three rows of
irregularly built houses, disposed in a triangular form ;
and has fairs on Jan. 12th, on the '22nd of Jan., Feb.,
and March, April 5th, May 9th and 23rd, 22nd of June
and July, and Oct. 15th, for general farming stock.
LISNASKEA, or Lisneskea, a market and post
town, and the head of a union, in the parish of Agha-
LURCHER, barony of Magherastephana, county of
Fermanagh, and province of Ulster, 9 miles (S. E.)
from Enniskillen, and/l (N. E.) from Dublin, on the
road to Enniskillen; containing 156 houses, and 915
inhabitants. It consists chiefly of comfortable resi-
dences and shops ; and contains a handsome market-
house, corn and butter stores, a savings' bank, and a
large hotel. From its proximity to Lough Erne, which
reaches to Lake Head, within a quarter of a mile of the
town, great facility is afforded for the conveyance of
corn, butter, linen, and yarn, of which considerable
quantities are supplied from the thickly inhabited islands
on the lake, and sold in this market ; it is stated that a
short canal could be constructed at a moderate expense,
that would enable boats to come up to the town. The
market is on Saturday ; and fairs are held on the Mon-
day before Easter, April 13th, Monday after Ascension,
June 1st, and Oct. 10th, for general farming stock.
The church, or chapel of ease to Aghalurcher, was
rebuilt in 1814, at an expense of £369 British, defrayed
by the parishioners; and in 1S29 the late Board of
Vol. II.— 249
First Fruits gave £450, and lent £50, for the ereclion
of a glebe-house in the vicinity. The curate, who in
appointed by the rector of Aghalurcher, Una a stipend
of £"3. 16. 8., exclusively of the marriage fees, and the
glebe-house, which is valued at £20 per annum. The
Roman Catholic chapel, called the Moate Chapel, stands
on a hill near the town ; it was built in 1814, at an
expense of about £"00 : attached is a national school.
In the town is a mceting-honse for Primitive Metho-
dists ; also a school endowed by Major Leslie with
three acres of land and £14 per annum, an infants"
school, and a dispensary. In the vicinity are. Green
Hill, the residence of the Irvine family ; Snow Hill,
Fairview, The Hill, and the ruins of Castle-Balfour.
The workhouse of the union, on a site of 65 acres pur-
chased for £336, was completed in 1841, at a cost of
£5442, and is constructed to contain 500 paupers. — See
Aghalurcher.
LISRONAGII, a parish, in the union of Clonmel,
barony of Ikfa and Offa East, county ofTiPPERABY.
and province of Munster, 4 miles {S.) from Clonmel,
on the road to Fethard ; containing 9-8 inhabitants. It
is bounded on the east by the river Anner, and com-
prises 3046 statute acres. Quarries of limestone are
worked, chiefly for agricultural purposes and for repair-
ing roads, but from one of them large blocks are raised
for building. Here is Kilmore, the old residence of the
Bagwell family, now in a dilapidated state ; the estate,
and the greater part of the parish, are the property of
John Bagwell, Esq., of Glenconner. Lisronagh is a
station of the constabulary police. The living is a rec-
tory, in the diocese of Lismore, and in the patronage
of Lord Ormonde. The tithe rent-charge is £1/3. 1.6.;
there is no glebe-house, but there is a glebe of 15f acres.
The church, towards the erection of which the late
Board of First Fruits lent £900, is a neat edifice, com-
pleted in 1S31. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Kilgrant, or Powers-
town, and contains a chapel.
LISSAN, or Lisane, a parish, in the poor-law unions
of Magherafelt and Cookstown, partly in the barony
of DuNGANNON, county of Tyrone, and partly in that
of LouGHiNSHOLiN, county of Londonderry, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Cookstown ;
on the road to Moncymore, and on that from Omagh to
Belfast ; containing 6282 inhabitants. This parish,
which is bounded on the north by the mountain of
Slieve Gallion, comprises 24,684i statute acres, in-
cluding 147| in Lough Fea, and of which 12,917^ are
in the county of Tyrone. The greater portion is in the
manor of Ardtrea, belonging to the see of Armagh ; part
is in the manor of Moncymore, and the property of the
Drapers' Company, of London. In the war of 1641, the
castle, which at that time was the property of the Sta-
ples family, to whom it had been granted on the plan-
tation of Ulster, was seized by Nial O'Quin for Sir Phe-
lim O Nial, who plundered the house of Sir Thomas
Staples while rendezvousing at Moneymore Castle, and
compelled the men employed in SirTliomass iron-works
on the Lissan water to make pikes and pike-heads fr..m
the stores of their master. The land is mountainous
and bogay ; about one-third, however, is under tillage,
producing excellent crops, and the remainder affords
good pasture : the system of agriculture is improved,
and much of the bog is of valuable quality. Limestone
LI SS
LIST
abounds, and is extensively quarried for agricultural
uses. The mountain of Slieve Gallion has an elevation
of 1730 feet above the level of the sea ; the surrounding
scenery is strongly diversified, and in some parts very
picturesque. The principal seats are, Lissan Park, the
residence of Sir Thos. Staples, Bart., a noble mansion in
an extensive demesne embellished with thriving planta-
tions, an artificial sheet of water with cascades, and a
picturesque bridge built by the celebrated Ducart ; Muff
House, and Grieve. The linen manufacture is carried
on to a great extent by the whole of the population, who
combine it with agricultural pursuits.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, and
in the patronage of the Lord Primate : the tithe rent-
charge is £375. The glebe-house was built at an ex-
pense of £1313. 14. 5., of which £100 were a gift and
£650 a loan from the late Board of First Fruits, in ISO7,
and the remainder was paid by the incumbent ; the glebe
comprises 87^ statute acres, valued at £67. 10. per an-
num. The church is a plain and very ancient structure,
with an east window of stained glass. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also part of the parish of Desertlyn ; the
chapel is a neat edifice. The parochial school built by
the Rev. J. M. Staples at an expense of £500, and a
school at Grouse Lodge built by Mrs. Wright, who en-
dowed it with an acre of land, are both supported under
the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity ; a school at
Crevagh was built and is supported by Sir T. Staples,
and one at Donaghbreaghy is aided by the Drapers'
Company.
LlbSELTIN, a parish, in the union of Listowel,
barony of Iraghticonnor, county of Kerry, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 6 miles (N. W.) from Listowel, and
on the road from Tarbert to Ballybuuniau ; containing
2'2'21 inhabitants. The parish comprises 6882 statute
acres, of which only 300 acres are arable ; of the re-
mainder, 1S60 consist of coarse pasture, and 1*44 of bog
and mountain. It is in the diocese of Ardfert and
Aghadoe : the rectory is impropriate in Thos. Anthony
Stoughton, Esq., and the vicarage forms part of the
union of Aghavallin, also called the union of Listowel ;
the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £90, is payable in
equal portions to the impropriator and the vicar. The
church, one of four in the union, was erected in 1815
by a loan of £650 from the Board of First Fruits. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of
a district, which comprises the parishes of Lisseltin,
Killeheny, and Kilconly, and the greater part of Galey,
and contains the chapels of Lisseltin and Ballybun-
nian.
LISSONUFFY, a parish, in the union, barony, and
county of Rosco.mmon, and province of Connaught,
3i miles (S. E.) from Strokestown, on the road to Lanes-
borough ; containing 483'2 inhabitants. It comprises
11,655^ statute acres j the land is chiefly in tillage, and
tolerably well cultivated. The village of Erra is situ-
ated on the river Shannon (by which the parish is
bounded on the east), and is nearly surrounded by an
extensive tract of bog. Stone is found in the parish,
peculiarly adapted for millstones, of which a consider-
able number are made for supplying the adjoining coun-
ties i and specimens of coal and iron-ore are found on
the surface of the mountain of Slievebawn, on the
western side of the parish, but no attempt has been
250
made to discover any veins. Mount Dillon, a seat on
an isolated hill, forms a conspicuous object in the
scenery. Lissonuffy is in the diocese of Elphin ; the
rectory forms part of the corps of the prebend of Kil-
goghhn in the cathedral of Elphin, and the vicarage part
of the union of Bumlin : the tithe rent-charge is
£193. 17-, of which £80. 6. are payable to the rector,
and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, called Car-
raghroe, which comprises the parishes of Lissonuffy and
Clonfinlogh, and part of Bumlin, and contains two
chapels, one at Carraghroe in this parish, the other at
Caranaskagh in Clonfinlogh ; that of Carraghroe is a
very neat edifice, of recent erection. There are some
remains of the church, the burial-ground attached to
which is still used ; also the ruins of an ancient abbey,
containing a beautiful pointed window and doorway,
and some monuments to the O'Conor family.
LISTEELY, or Kilteely, a parish, in the union of
TippERARY, partly in the barony of Small County, but
chiefly in that of Coonagh, county of Limerick, and
province of Munster, 3 miles (S. W.) from Pallas-
Greine, on the road to Bruff ; containing 2049 inhabit-
ants, of whom 143 are in the village of Kilteely. This
parish comprises 3184 statute acres: the land is in
general good, and chiefly in tillage ; the substratum is
limestone, occasionally alternating with basalt, which
latter in several parts rises to the surface. The system
of agriculture is improving. Fairs, chiefly for horned-
cattle and pigs, are held in the village of Kilteely on
Feb. 1st, June 1st, and Oct. 25th ; and there is a con-
stabulary police station. The parish is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Emly, forming part of the
union of Ballybrood and corps of the precentorship of
the cathedral of Emly ; the tithe rent-charge is
£213. 4. 8. The church is a ruin. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
called Kilteely, comprising also the parish of Liscormuck
and part of Dromkeen, and containing two chapels, one
in Listeely, the other in Dromkeen ; the former, in the
village of Kilteely, is a large cruciform edifice, erected
in 1816, and has a painting of the Crucifixion over the
altar. On an eminence near the village are some re-
mains of the church of Kildromin, founded by the
Knights Templars in 1291.
LISTERLING, a parish, in the union of New Ross,
partly in the barony of Knocktopher, but chiefly in
the barony of Ida, county of Kilkenny, and province
of Leinster, 4 miles (S. S. W.) from Inistioge ; contain-
ing 1565 inhabitants. The parish is intersected by the
Argala, a small mountain river, and is only half a mile
from the river Nore : it comprises 5432:^ statute acres,
more than two-thirds of which are in pasture ; the re-
mainder, with the exception of a small portion of meadow,
is under tillage. The soil is in general argillaceous, on
a basis of brittle clay-slate, which is quarried on the
lands of Listerling and Brownstown ; and a vein has
been discovered in the former townland containing lead-
ore, copper, and silver, but it has not been worked. In
consequence of the small quantity of bog, the principal
supply of fuel is obtained from the neighbouring parish
of Burnchurch. The village, which contains 25 houses,
is a station of the constabulary police ; and fairs are
held on Jan. 4th, May 6th, June 6th, Sept. 17th, Oct.
24th, and Dec. 5th. The living is a rectory and vicar-
LIST
L I T T
age, in the diocese of Ossory, and in the patronage of
the Bishop: the tithe reut-charge is £I9;1. 17- The
glebe-house was erected in lti'21, by aid of a gift of
£300 and a loan of £500 from the Board of First Fruits ;
the glebe comprises 10^ acres. The church was built
in 1796, by aid of a gift of £500 from the same Board,
and has been repaired by a grant of £"^07 from the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Rosber-
con. There are several raths in different parts ; and at
Listerling is a mount surrounded by a fosse, from which
the spot is supposed to derive its name, originally per-
haps Li.s-Easterliiig, or " the abode of the Ostmen ;" near
it has been found a small artificial cave, and it is tra-
ditionally stated that St. Mullen formerly resided at or
near the moat.
LISTOWEL, a post-town and parish, and the head
of a union, in the barony of Iraghticonnou, county of
Kerry, and province of Munster, 17i miles (N. E.)
fromTralee, and 134 (S. VV. by W.) from Dublin, on the
road from Tralee to Tarbert ; containing 5934 inhabit-
ants. This place, according to some authorities, derives
its name, originally Lis Tuuthal, or " the castle of Tua-
thal," from Tuathal, one of the earliest kings of Ireland ;
and according to others, from an old Danish fort in the
immediate vicinity of the town. The castle was the last
that held out for Lord Kerry against the troops of Eliza-
beth during the Desmond insurrection ; in IfiOO it was
assaulted and taken by Sir Charles Wilmot, who put all
the garrison to the sword. Upon its surrender, the
eldest son of Lord Kerry, then five years of age, was
carried away privately by his nurse, who contrived to
make her escape ; but they were discovered in their re-
treat, and the child was sent by Sir Charles to the Lord-
President. The TOWN is situated on the right bank of
the river Feale, over which is a handsome stone bridge
of five arches, each of 50 feet span : it consists of a
spacious square, in the centre of which is the church,
and of one principal street, from which some smaller
streets branch off. The total number of houses, in 1841,
was 407, many of them well built and of respectable ap-
pearance 5 several new houses have been recently built,
and there are two good hotels. Fairs are held on alter-
nate Wednesdays, and also on the 13fh of May, July
25th, and Oct. 28th, chiefly for cattle, sheep, and pigs.
Salmon is very plentiful. The river Cashen is navigable
for boats of 15 tons' burthen within 1^ miles of the
town ; a canal with four locks would extend the naviga-
tion to the bridge. Behind the castle, on the river
Feale, are extensive flour-mills producing annually about
8000 barrels ; and there are smaller mills at Island
GariflF, also on the Feale. In the excise arrangements
the town is within the district of Tralee. A chief con-
stabulary police force is stationed in the town ; a mano-
rial court is held by the seneschal of Listowel every
third Tuesday, and petty-sessions every Thursday.
There is a neat bridewell containing six cells, two day-
rooms, and two yards ; and it is in contemplation to
erect a court-house.
The PARISH comprises 8302 statute acres ; it is com-
pletely encircled by a large tract of bog and morass,
which might easily be reclaimed by lowering the bar at
the mouth of the river. The soil is remarkably fertile,
and the neighbourhood celebrated for producing wheat
of superior quality ; the system of agriculture is greatly
251
improved ; and limestone is found in several parts, and
quarried, chiefly for burning. The principal seat.s are
TuUamore House, Gurtinard, Dromin House, Greenville,
Bedford House, and Ennismore. Ballinruddery, the
seat of the Right Hon. Maurice Fitzgerald, Knight of
Kerry, is partly within this parish, but chiefly in that of
Finuge, under which head it is described. A new road
to Abbeyfeale and Newmarket was completed in 1S29,
under the superintendence of Mr. Griffith, the govern-
ment engineer ; it has been productive of great benefit to
the district through which it passes, and, in conjunction
with the government roads recently completed on the
confines of the counties of Kerry, Cork, and Limerick,
will contribute much to the improvement of this neigh-
bourhood.
Listowel is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert and
Aghadoe, forming, with the vicurages of Lisseltin, Kil-
lehenny, Galey, Murhir, Kilnaughten, Dysart, Finuge,
Knockanure, and Aghavallin, the union of Listowel :
the rectory is impropriate in Thos. Anthony Stoughton,
Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £148.3.,
one-half payable to the impropriator and the other to
the vicar ; and the entire rent-charge of the union,
payable to the incumbent, is £581. 3. 5. There are
several glebes in the union, but all in the possession of
the impropriator. The church, which is the principal
one in the union, is a handsome structure in the later
English style, with a square tower surmounted by a
neat spire, and is strengthened with buttresses terminat-
ing in pinnacles ; it was erected by aid of a gift of £500
and a loan of £1000 from the Board of First Fruits, in
1819 : the area surrounding the church is inclosed by a
neat iron railing, and planted. There are churches at
Lisseltin, Kilnaughten, and Aghavallin. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district
comprising also portions of the parishes of Finuge,
Galey, Dysart, Duagh, and Kilshinane : the chapel was
built at an expense of £2000, on a site at the south-
western angle of the square, given by the Earl of Lis-
towel ; it is a spacious cruciform structure, with a
good portico, and the altar-piece is richly embellished.
There is a dispensary in the town. The union work-
house, on a site of six acres purchased for £444, was
completed in 1842, at a cost of £5980, and is con-
structed for 700 paupers.
Some very interesting portions still remain of the
ancient castle, the front of which occupies part of the
western side of the square and formerly extended to the
river ; the rear, which contained some noble apart-
ments, was taken down several years since. The two
square towers in the front are, near their summits, con-
nected by an arch, which, from its great elevation, has
a very imposing effect ; and in the wall is a projecting
stone with the remains of a sculptured face, supposed to
have been a portrait of AhEUigot, the architect. The
castle formerly belonged to the family of Fitzmaurice, of
Duagh, to whose ancestors it was granted by Henry II.,
together with the lands of Lixnaw and Clanmaurice ;
the manorial ricbts were purchased from the Earl of
Kerry by the fatlier of the first earl of Listowel. The
ruins' of the old church, and the burial-ground, adjoin
the Tarbert road, in the vicinity of the town.
LITTER, or Castlehyde, a parish, partly in the
barony of Condons and Clqngibbons, but chiefly in
that of Fermoy, union of Fermoy, county of Cork,
2 K2
LITT
and province of MrNSTER, 2 miles (W. by N.) from
Fermoy, on the road to Mallow; containing 1951 in-
habitants. This parish, anciently called Carrigneady,
is situated on the river Blackwater, by which it is di-
vided into two nearly equal parts ; and comprises 5405
statute acres. The land is in general good, and chiefly
under tillage : the state of agriculture has of late years
been much improved, chiefly through the exertions of
the family of Hyde ; there is but little waste land, and
no bog. A substratum of limestone extends to the
north, and one of a brown or greyish kind of stone to
the south, of the river ; both are worked either for
building or for repairing the roads, and the limestone is
also extensively burnt for manure. On the south side
of the Blackwater, is a flour-mill worked by a mountain
stream which runs through a finely-wooded glen. A
court for the manor of Castlehyde is occasionally held
by the seneschal, for the recovery of debts not exceeding
40s., late currency. The principal seat is Castlehyde, a
spacious and handsome mansion, beautifully situated on
the northern margin of the Blackwater, in the midst of
a highly picturesque and richly-wooded demesne extend-
ing on both sides of the river, of which it forms one of
the most attractive scenes. Within the demesne (w'hich
spreads into the adjoining parish of Fermoy) are the
ivied ruins of the ancient castle, which, at a former
period, gave name to the parish ; and the river was here
formerly crossed by a wooden bridge, in lieu of which
there is now a ferry a little to the east of its site. The
other seats are Creg and Templenoe.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Cloyne : part of the rectory is in the gift of J. Hyde,
Esq., the remainder being impropriate in John Nason,
Esq. ; the vicarage is in the patronage of the Bishop.
The tithe rent-charge is £510. 15., of which £'2! 6 are
payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
incumbent : there is no glebe-house or glebe. The
church, a small but handsome structure with a tower
and spire, stands in the demesne of Castlehyde, of
which it is an interesting feature : it was built in 1S12,
on the site of the ancient edifice, partly at Mr. Hyde's
expense, aided by a gift of £400 and a loan of £363
from the Board of First Fruits, and has since been
much improved from a design by Mr. G. R. Pain, of
Cork ; the interior is embeUished with a richly groined
ceiling, and most of the windows are of stained glass.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish, with the
exception of the village of Templenoe, which is within
the district of Ballyhooley, forms part of the district
of Fermoy. At Creg are the ruins of a castle said
to have been built by the Condons, consisting of a
lofty square tower, still nearly entire ; and near the
border of Killathy parish are the ruins of the castle of
Bally-Mac Philip.
LITTERLUNA.— See Letterluna.
LITTERMORE, an island, in the parish of Kil-
L.\NiN, barony of Moycullen, union and county of
G.\LWAY, and province of Connaught, 24 miles (W.
N. W.) from Galway, and on the western coast : the
population is returned with the parish. It is situated
on the eastern side of the bay of Kilkerrin, and at the
extremity of that of Greatmans ; and comprises about
500 acres, of which 80 consist of arable land, and the
remainder of bog and pasturable mountain : the inha-
bitants are chiefly engaged in the fisheries. Here are
252
LITT
a signal tower, and a coast-guard station belonging to
the Galway district.
LITTERMULLIN, an island, in the parish of KiL-
CUMMIN, barony of Moycullen, union and county of
Galway, and province of Connaught, 22 miles (W.)
from Galway, and on the western coast : the population
is returned with the parish. It forms one side of Kiegall
bay, and its northern end part of the shore of Casheen
bay ; it comprises about 250 acres of arable and pas-
ture land. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the
herring and cod fisheries on this coast, and in the col-
lection of sea-weed for manure ; in which several boats
are employed.
LITTLE ISLAND.— See Beg-Erin.
LITTLE ISLAND, a parish and island, in the ba-^
rony of Barrymore, union and county of Cork, and
province of Munster, 4 miles (E.) from Cork; con-
taining 1069 inhabitants. li is situated on the estuary
of the Lee, and comprises 1692 statute acres, chiefly
under tillage and in a high state of cultivation ; there is
no waste land or bog. About 20 acres were lately re-
claimed from the slab of the river by the Rev. R. Bury,
and brought into cultivation. Limestone abounds, and
is worked to a considerable extent for agricultural and
building purposes, and as ballast for vessels sailing
without cargoes from the port of Cork, for which latter
purpose a contract has been entered into by Mr. J. Can-
tillon, jun., with the Ballast Board. The island is
separated hy a branch of the river Lee from the parish
of Cahirlag, with which it communicates by a handsome
causeway of hewn stone and a metal spring bridge, con-
structed in 1S33 by Silver C. Oliver, Esq., for his own
private use ; a similar bridge was formed by the late
Phineas Bury, Esq., also a private one. There is like-
wise a communication, farther eastward, by a bridge of
old standing, for the use of the inhabitants.
Little Island is embellished with several handsome
seats, the principal of which are, Wallingstown House,
the residence of Phineas Bury, Esq., the principal pro-
prietor, containing within the demesne the ruins of the
ancient church (the island having been an ecclesiastical
parish of itself, called Saiicti Lappani de insula parra),
and of the castle of Wallingstown ; Sun Lodge, formerly
the seat of the Right Hon. Silver Oliver, and now of his
grandson. Silver Oliver, Esq. ; Flaxforth ; Rockfarm ;
Castleview ; and Carrigrenan, situated on a small un-
dulating peninsula tastefully laid out, and commanding
a variety of interesting views of the river and its highly
cultivated shores. The piire atmosphere, fertile soil,
and sylvan scenery, have induced several wealthy indi-
viduals to settle on this beautiful island. It is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, forming part of
the union of Rathcoony, formerly Cahirlag ; the tithe
rent-charge is £135. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Glauntane, or New
Glanmire. The latter name. New Glanmire, is by some
given to Glauntane, simply as more euphonious : it is
derived from an Irish word signifying, the glen, mah,
of the plain, d'ahoir, of the father, and referring to a
Druidical settlement in which the river Glanmire springs ;
this name is suitable to Upper and Lower Glanmire,
through which flows the beautiful river that gives them
its name, but Glauntane is in no way connected with
them. The only remains of antiquity are, the church,
and the ruined tower of Wallingstown Castle, before
L I X N
L O N D
mentioned ; they are situated nearly adjoining each
other under some aged trees, whose gloom finely con-
trasts with the verdure of the adjacent lawn and shrub-
bery.
'LITTLETON, a post-town or village, in the parish
of BoRuisLEiGH, Union of Thurles, barony of Elio-
GARTY, county of Tii'PERARY, and province of Ml' nster,
4 miles (E.) from Thurles, and 79 (s.) from Dublin, on
the road by Cashel to Cork ; containing 80 houses, and
356 inhabitants. This place is of modern date, having
been chiefly erected by the late Rev. Thomas Grady,
who expended considerable sums on its buildings, and
in the ornamental improvements of the vicinity. Here
are a station of the constabulary police ; a public dis-
pensary ; and the parochial church, a handsome struc-
ture with a tower and spire.
LIXNAW, or Lisanaw, a village, partly in the pa-
rish of KiLTORNEY or KiLTOOMY, but chiefly in that
of KiLCARRAOH, uuioH of LiSTOWEL, barouy of Clan-
MAURicE, county of Kerry, and province of Leinster,
65 miles (S. W.) from Listowel, and near the high road
from Tralee to Tarbert ; containing 262 inhabitants.
This place was once the seat of the earls of Kerry, by
whom the castle of Lixnaw was erected ; and the old
bridge was built, and the town much improved, by
Nicholas, the third baron of Lixnaw, so early as 1320.
The castle was garrisoned in I6OO by Sir Charles Wil-
mot's forces, who took it by surprise just when it had
been undermined for demolition : they made it the
centre of operations in this district until it was taken by
Lord Kerry, who here kept Sir Charles Wilmot's forces
at bay, but at length entrusted its defence to his brother
Gerald, who was compelled to surrender from want of
water. The village is situated near the river Brick,
over which, at a short distance from each other, are two
stone bridges ; it consists of two streets of tolerably
good houses, and contains a spacious Roman Catholic
chapel, and a school supported by subscription. A
court for the manor of Lixnaw is held every three weeks,
on Monday, for the recovery of debts not exceeding 40a-.
late currency. A patent exists for four fairs, but they
are not at present held. Limestone of superior quality,
in some places approaching to marble, is found in the
vicinity, and worked both for useful and ornamental
purposes ; and sea-weed and sand for manure are
brought in boats up the river Cashen, and thence by
the Brick to the town. It is stated that these rivers
might be made navigable for larger vessels at a very
moderate expense ; and Mr. Nimmo, the government
engineer, many years since, suggested a plan for that
purpose, and for draining and bringing into cultivation
the extensive tracts of marsh and bog in the neighbour-
hood. Tlie Roman Catholic district of Lixnaw com-
prises the parishes of Kilcarragh and Kiltoomy, and the
greater portions of Dysert, Kilshinane, and Kilfeighny ;
and contains the chapels of Lixnaw or Ballinageragh,
and Evimore. The former, which was erected in 1 805,
has a painting of the Crucifixion over the altar, executed
in a superior style by an Italian artist. Adjoining the
village are the ruins of a church, and the extensive
remains of the ancient castellated mansion of the carls
of Kerry ; and on a mount at a short distance to the
north-east is a monument, or mausoleum, of John,
the third earl, of a circular form, resting on a square
base and terminating in a dome ; whence an extensive
253
view of the surrounding country is obtained. Lixnaw
gives the inferior title of Baron to the MarquesH of
Lansdowne.
LOBBINSTOWN.— See Killeary.
LOCKEEN, or Loughkekn, also called Lot.ii-
cayne, a parish, in the union of Paksonstown, barony
of Lower Ormond, county of Tipperary, and pro-
vince of Minster, 3^ miles (S. \V.) from Parsonstown,
on the road to Nenagh ; containing 3191 inhabitants.
It is situated (m the river Brosna, which forms the
boundary between this and King's county ; and com-
prises 10,661 statute acres : the greater portion of the
land is arable, and the system of agriculture is improv-
ing, green crops being now partially cultivated. Lime-
stone is found, adapted for building. At Carrig are
flour-mills. The seats are Tinnakilly, Rivcrstown, Wing-
field, Gurteen, Ivy Hall, Elm Hall, and Lacka. The
living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, and in
the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory forms the
corps of the prebend of Lockeen in the cathedral of
Killaloe, also in the Bishop's patronage. The tithe
rent-charge is £250, of which about two-thirds are
payable to the prebendary, and one-third to the vicar.
The glebe-house is a handsome building, towards the
erection of which the Board of First Fruits gave £400,
and lent £200, in 1829. The church, a neat edifice,
was built by a gift of £900 from the same Board, in
1822. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Birr, or Parsonstown,
and has a chapel at Carrig. At Glaha.'-keen are the
ivied ruins of an old castle, and at Castletown those
of another ; there are also some remains of the old
church.
LOGHAN, or Loughan, a parish, in the union of
Kells, partly in the barony of Castlerahan, county
of Cavan, and province of Ulster, but chiefly in the
barony of Upper Kells, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4 miles (N. W.) from Kells, and on
the road from Dublin by Kells to Enniskillen ; con-
taining 4495 inhabitants. This parish, which is also
called Castlekeiran and Tristelkerin, comprises 8*27^
statute acres; contains the villages of Rathendrick,
Derver, and Castlekeiran ; and is situated on the
river Blackwater, near its source in Lough Ramor. It
is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, entirely impro-
priate in the Marquess of Headfort : the tithe rent-charge
is £187. 10. The impropriator allows £10 per annum
to the curate of Mounterconnaught parish, for perform-
ing the occasional duties of that part of Loghan which
lies in the county of Cavan, and of which the Protestant
inhabitants attend Virginia church : those of the Meath
portion attend the church of Kells. In the Roman
Catholic divisions Loghan forms part of the district of
Carnacross, or Dulanc. On the banks of the river are
the remains of a small church dedicated to St. Kieran.
with a large and richly sculptured stone cross in the
cemetery ; here is also a holy well, much resorted to by
the peasantry on the first Sunday in August.
LONDONDERRY (County of), a maritime county
of the province of Ulster, bounded on the south and
south-west by the county of Tyrone ; on the west, by
that of Donegal ; on the north-west, by Lough Foyle ;
on the north, by the Atlantic Ocean ; and on the east,
by the county of Antrim. It extends from 54° 37' to
53° 12' (N. Lat.), and from 6° 26' to 7° >8' (W. Lon.) ;
L OND
and comprises an area of 518,595 statute acres, of which
SlS.'SS'i are arable land, 180,709 uncultivated, 771S
plantation, 1559 in towns and villages, and 10,32* occu-
pied by water. The population, in 18-21, was 193,869;
in 1831, '2'-2'2,012 ; and in 1841, '2y2,174.
The river Foyle appears to have been the Argita, and
the Bann the Login, of Ptolemy ; and the intervening
territory, constituting the present county of London-
derry, formed, according to this geographer, part of
the country of the Dariiii or Darini, whose name ap-
pears to be perpetuated in the modern designation of
"Derry." The earliest internal evidence represents the
district as being chiefly the territory of the O'Cathans,
O'Catrans, or O'Kanes, under the name of Tir Cahan or
ri(/;i«?i-aff/)<, signifying " O'Kane's country:" they were
a branch of, and tributary to, the O'Nials, and their
chief seat was at a place now called the Deer Park, in
the vale of the Roe. When their country was reduced
to shire ground by Sir John Perrot, in the reign of Eliza-
beth, it was intended that Coleraine should be the
capital ; and the county was therefore designated, and
long bore the name of, " the county of Coleraine,"
although the ruins of the court-house and gaol then
built for the county are at Desertmartin, 15 miles from
the proposed capital. Derry was seized by the English
towards the close of Elizabeth's reign, for the purpose of
checking the power of O'Nial and O'Donnel ; and when
the earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel fled the country, in
1607, nearly the whole of six counties in Ulster were
confiscated. At this period the southern side of the
county appears to have been possessed by the O'Don-
nels, O'Conors, and O'Murrys : the O'Cahans were not
among the attainted septs, and consequently, in the
ensuing schemes of plantation, many of them were
settled among the native freeholders by James I.,
though they afterwards forfeited their estates in the
subsequent civil war.
King James, conceiving the citizens of London to
be the ablest body to undertake the establishment of
a Protestant colony in the forfeited territory, directed
overtures to be made to the municipal authorities ; and
on Jan. 28th, 1609, articles of agreement were entered
into between the Lords of the Privy Council and the
Committees appointed by act of Common-Council. On
the part of the citizens it was stipulated, that they
should expend £20,000 on the plantation ; while on the
other hand, the crown was to assign to them entire
possession of the county of Coleraine, and the towns of
Coleraine and Derry, with extensive lands attached ;
excepting 60 acres out of every 1000 for church lands,
and certain portions to be assigned to three native Irish
gentlemen. To this extensive grant the king added the
woods of Glenconkene and Killetragh, and he ordained
that the whole should be held with the amplest powers
and privileges, such as the patronage of the churches,
admiralty jurisdiction on the coasts, the fishery of the
two great rivers and all other streams, &c. For the
management of this new branch of their affairs, the
Common-Council elected a body of twenty-six, consist-
ing, as at present, of a governor, deputy-governor, and
assistants ; one-half of these retire every year, and their
places are supplied by a new election. This company
or court was incorporated in 1613, by royal charter,
under its present style of " The Society of the Gover-
nor and Assistants of London, of the New Plantation in
254
LO ND
Ulster, within the Realm of Ireland ;" but is commonly
known as the " Irish Society ;" and was invested
with all the towns, castles, lordships, manors, lands, and
hereditaments given to the city, which were erected by
the charter into a distinct county, to be called " the
County of Londonderry."
The sum of £40,000 having now been expended on
the plantation, it was deemed most advantageous to
divide the territorial possessions of the Society into
twelve equal portions, which were appropriated by lot
to each of the twelve chief companies of the city ; and
so many of the smaller companies joined as made by
their total contributions a twelfth of the entire sum.
The twelve chief companies were the Mercers, Gro-
cers, Drapers, Fishmongers, Goldsmiths, Skinners,
Merchant-Tailors, Haberdashers, Salters, Ironmongers,
Vintners, and Clothworkers ; and in their respective
proportions is now included the chief part of the county.
The houses and lands in the city of Londonderry and
the town of Coleraine, with their woods, fisheries, and
ferries (except the ferry at the estuary of the Foyle, con-
necting the county with that of Donegal, which be-
longed to the Chichesters), not being susceptible of
division, were retained by the Society, who were to re-
ceive the profits, and account for them to the twelve
chief companies. In I6l6, information was received by
Sir Thomas Philips, of Newtown-Limavady, of a design
formed by the Irish to surprise Londonderry and Cole-
raine, which being made known to the Irish govern-
ment, effectual measures were adopted for its prevention.
On the communication of the intelligence to the Irish
Society, instructions were immediately issued by it to
the twelve companies to furnish arms and accoutrements
to be transmitted by the keeper of Guildhall for the
better defence of the plantation ; the prompt execution
of which, preserved the colony, and gave new vigour to
the exertions to stock it with English and Scotch set-
tlers. About the same period, directions were issued to
the companies to repair the churches, to furnish each
of the ministers with a Bible, common-prayer book, and
communion-cup, and to send thither a stipulated num-
ber of artizans ; the trades thus introduced were those
of weavers, hat-makers, locksmiths, farriers, tanners,
fellmongers, ironmongers, glassblowers, pewterers, fisher-
men, turners, basketmakers, tallowchandlers, dyers, and
curriers. The Salters' Company erected glass-houses at
Magherafelt ; and iron-works were opened on the Mer-
cers' proportion, near Kilrea, which were carried on until
timber failed for fuel.
Notwithstanding the disbursement of large sums of
money, at length amounting to £60,000, continued dis-
satisfaction was expressed by the crown at the mode in
which the stipulations of the society were fulfilled : in
1632, the whole county was sequestrated ; and in 1637,
the charter was cancelled, and the county seized into
the king's hands. Parliament, however, decreed the
illegality of these proceedings ; Cromwell restored the
society to its former state ; and on the Restoration,
Charles II. granted it a new charter, nearly in the
same words as that of King James, under which its
affairs have ever since been conducted. Of the twelve
principal companies, all retain their estates except four,
i-iz., the Goldsmiths, Haberdashers, "V^intners, and Mer-
chant-Tailors, who at various periods disposed of their
proportions to private individuals. The Goldsmiths'
LOND
LO N D
share was situated mostly within the liberties of Derry,
south-east of the Foyle ; that of the Haberdashers was
around Aghanloo and Bovevai^h. The Vintners had
Bellaghy, and the Merchant-Tailors' proportion was
Macosquin. These proportions are now held in perpe-
tuity by the Marquess of Waterford, the Richardsons,
the Ponsonbys, the Alexanders, and the heirs of the
late Right Hon. Thomas Conolly. Of the estates be-
longing to the other eight companies, the Mercers have
Kilrea and its neighbourhood; the Grocers, Muff and
its dependencies : Moneymore, and its rich and im-
proved district, belong to the Drapers ; the Fishmongers
have Ballykclly j Dungiven belongs to the Skinners ;
Magherafelt to the Salters ; Aghadowey to the Iron-
mongers ; and Killowen, forming part of the borough of
Coleraine, to the Clothworkers. All are under lease,
except those of the Drapers, Mercers, and Grocers, which
are managed by agents, deputed by the respective
companies. The first intimation of the intended insur-
rection in 1641 came from Moneymore, in this county,
through Owen O'ConoUy, an Irish Protestant, in time
to save Dublin, but not to prevent the explosion of the
plot in the north. On the first day of the explosion,
Moneymore was seized by the Irish ; and Maghera, and
Bellaghy, then called Vintners'-town, were burned, as
were most of the other towns and villages throughout
the county. On the termination of the war, the county
and the city fell under the dominion of the parliament,
and Sir Charles Coote and Governor Hunks ruled here
with great severity. From the Restoration to the Re-
volution, the county affords few materials for history ;
the siege of Londonderry, one of the most striking
events of the latter period, properly belongs to the
history of the city.
The county is chiefly in the diocese of Derry, with
some portions in those of Armagh and Connor. For
the purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided into
the city and liberties of Londonderry, the town and liber-
ties of Coleraine, and the baronies of Coleraine, Tirkee-
ran, Kenaught, and Loughinsholin. It contains the city
of Londonderry ; the borough and market town of
Coleraine ; the disfranchised borough, market, and post
town of Newtown-Limavady ; the market and post towns
of Castle Dawson, Dungiven, Draperstown-Cross, Money-
more, Garvagh, Magherafelt, and Maghera ; and the
post-towns of Bellaghy, Kilrea, and Tubbermore. The
principal villages are Articlave, Ballykelly, Claudy, Muff,
Port-Stewart (each of which has a sub-post), Bally-
ronan, Desertmartin, and Swattragh. It sent eight
members to the Irish parliament ; two for the county,
two for the city, and two each for the boroughs of Cole-
raine and Newtown-Limavady. Since the Union it has
sent only four to the Imperial parliament, namely, two
for the county, one for the city, and one for the borough
of Coleraine ,; those for the city and county are elected
in the city of Londonderry. The county constituency,
as registered in 1S41, amounted to 1718, of whom 1'212
were freeholders, 494 leaseholders, and 1'2 rent -chargers.
Londonderry is included in the North-West circuit : the
assizes are held in the city ; and quarter-sessions are
held there, and at Coleraine, Newtown-Limavady, and
Magherafelt. The county gaol and court-house are in
Londonderry, and there are court-houses and bridewells
at each of the other sessions towns. The local govern-
ment is vested in 20 deputy-lieutenants, and 62 other
255
magistrates ; besides whom there arc the usual county
officers, including three coroners. Of its civil juris-
diction it is remarkable that, like the county of Middle-
sex, its sheriffs were till lately those elected by the citi-
zens of its capital, who served for the whole, excepting
the liberties of Coleraine : the town-clerk of London-
derry, also, is the clerk of the peace for the county at
large. There are 19 constabulary police stations, having
in the whole a force of one county inspector, 4 sub-
inspectors, 5 head-constables, 10 constables, and 80 sub-
constables, with six horses ; the expense of whose main-
tenance in 1842 was £50/1, defrayed by grand-jury pre-
sentments and by government. The District Lunatic
Asylum, and County Infirmary, are in the city of Lon-
donderry ; and there are dispensaries at Londonderry,
Bellaghy, Tamlaght OCrilly, Port-Stewart, Dungiven,
Magherafelt, Maghera, Glendermot, Lower Cumber,
Newtown-Limavady, Coleraine, Upper Cumber, Agher-
ton, Ballykelly, Banagher, Claudy, Muff, Magilligan,
Moneymore, Aghadowey, Ballynascreen, and Garvagh,
which are supported equally by grand jury presentments,
and by subscriptions from the Irish Society, the London
companies, the landed proprietors, and other private
individuals. For the convenience of holding petty-ses-
sions, the county is divided into the districts of Cole-
raine, Garvagh, Innisrush, Maghera, Moneymore, Maghe-
rafelt, Kilrea, Inver, city of Londonderry, Newtown-
Limavady, Muff, Dungiven, and Claudy. The amount
of grand jury presentments for the county and city, for
the year 1844, was £32,943. In the military arrange-
ments the county is in the Belfast district.
In shape the county approaches to an equilateral tri-
angle : its greatest length is from the point of Magilli-
gan, at the mouth of Lough Foyle, nearly southward,
to the vicinity of Coagh, a distance of 32i miles.
Although by no means distinguished for picturesque
beauty, its surface presents many varieties of form, from
the flat alluvial lands along its rivers to the wildest
MOUNTAINS. The latter form its central portion, ex-
tending in various chains, covered chiefly with heath,
from near the sea-coast to the southern hmit. Sauel
mountain, in the south, attains an elevation of 2236
feet: Slieve-Gallion rises to the height of 1730 feet;
Ciirntdsher, near the source of the Roe, 1521 feet;
Donald's Hill, east of the same river, 1315 feet; Benije-
voiash, forming the termination of that range towards
the sea, 1260 feet ; and Legnraitnoii, between the Roe
and the Faughan, 1289 feet. Even in these wild regions
there are secluded vales, called by the inhabitants
" slacks," in which are often found charming spots of
fertile soil and romantic scenery. The principal of
these are, Faughanvak, where are some good waterfalls ;
Muff-glen, w-hK-h, with the beautiful glen of the Ness,
affords mountain passes from the Foyle to the Faughan ;
Laughermore, between the Roe and the Faughan, which
commands various fine prospects, and has in its vicinity
numerous traces of ancient forests ; Lissane, with some
deep romantic glens ; Fvcini, between the higher parts
of the Roe and the Faughan, into which several other
glens open, the most beautiful being Fin-glen ; tbe
neighbouring slacks of Mmeijniceny and Carnloghir ;
that of Balh/ness, leading into the wild district of Glen-
ullen ; that of Dunmore, between Coleraine and New-
town-Liniavadv ; and that of Druwma-Gullion, to the
north. The most extensive and diversified view in this
L O X D
part of Ireland, is from the summit of Benyevenagh,
near the mouth of the Roe, from which mountain the
huge masses of fallen strata form successive terraces
descending to the sandy flats bounded by Lough Foyle
and the ocean.
The great natural divisions of the profitable lands
are the rich and fertile vales of the Roe, the Faughan,
the Foyle (with the liberties of Londonderry), and the
Moyola i the shores of Lough Neagh ; the half valley of
the Bann (with the liberties of Coleraine) ; and the sea-
coast, with the flats of Lough Foyle. The longest of the
vales opening from the mountains is that of the Roe,
environed by hills appropriated as sheep-walks, and in
many places having midway up their declivities a sort
of natural terrace, frequently two or three hundred yards
in breadth. To the west is the nearly parallel vale of
Fauglian, which, next to those of the Roe and the Moyola,
displays (from Clondermot to the coast of Lough Foyle)
one of the most delightful tracts in the county ; a con-
siderable portion, however, is occupied by rough though
valuable turbaries, while other parts are clothed with
natural wood ; in the higher part the scenery is fre-
quently romantic, and in other places is improved by
round alluvial hills. The vale of the Foyle is highly im-
proved, and comprises the western extremity of the
county, in which stands the city of Londonderry. The
vale of Moijola extends from the eastern side of the
mountains of Ballynascreen, towards Lough Neagh,
being bounded on the south by Slieve-Gallion. The
borders of Lough Neagh form a low tract which presents
a rich landscape, its surface being composed partly of
gentle swells, and its fertility broken only by some ex-
tensive bogs. Around Ballinderry are considerable
steeps, and at Spring Hill and over the town of Money-
more is a beautiful range of high land : beyond this,
extends a low tract called " the Golden Vale of Bally-
dawley." Lough Neagh bounds the county for nearly
six miles, when the Bann, issuing from it, immediately
falls into Lough Beg, the Londonderry shore of which
is five miles in extent. The half valley of the Baim is
composed of bleak ridges or turamocks of basalt, with a
few more favoured spots near the streams, but accom-
panied by a series of scattered bogs, bordering the course
of the river. These sometimes comprise high and barren
swells, with lakes and small bogs intervening. About
Tubbermore, Fort- William, and Maghera, however, is a
pleasing and more fertile tract; and the interior of the
district bordering on the Bann is greatly enlivened by
the woody scenery around Garvagh. The Sea-coast,
formed by the Atlantic for 12 miles from Portrush to
Magilligan Point, and thence for 16 miles by Lough
Foyle, exhibits a succession of varied and interesting
scenery. Commencing with Portrush it presents a num-
ber of creeks and inlets, of which the most remarkable
is Port-Stewart, whence to the mouth of the Bann is a
strand of great extent and beauty, succeeded by a range
of cliffs rising boldly from the sea, on the summit of
one of which are the mansion of Down Hill and the
Mussenden Temple, built by the Earl of Bristol, Bishop
of Derry. From Down Hill to Magilligan Point, a dis-
tance of 7 miles, is a strand extending a mile in breadth
from the base of the mountains to the water's edge, and
on which the whole army of Great Britain might be re-
viewed. Thence the coast turns nearly due south to
the mouth of the Roe, presenting a dreary expanse in
256
L O ND
which are seen only a deserted house half covered by
drifted sand, and a martello tower; after which, a varied
tract of highly improved land continues to the mouth of
Londonderry harbour.
The SOIL is of great variety. The vale of the Roe
chiefly consists of gravelly loams of different degrees of
fertility ; the levels on the banks of the river are very
rich, and though the higher grounds are sometimes in-
termingled with cold clays, there is scarcely any unpro-
ductive land in the vale. In the vale of Faughan, good
loams are found in the lowest situations : Bond's glen,
which joins it, and rests on a limestone base, is one of
the most fertile spots in the county. The valley of the
Foyle is also a strong loam below, declining in fertility
and depth towards the heights. In the vale of Moyola
are levels of the richest quahty, but liable to great
ravages by floods. In the district bordering on Loughs
Neagh and Beg are found sharp gravelly soils of decayed
granite, with some moorland, and then extensive swells
of sandy loam with intervening flats of great fertility
and some bog. Along the sea-coast the soil is an inter-
mixture of silicious and calcareous sand, occasionally
covered with peat. At the mouth of the Bann these
sands form hillocks, kept from shifting by the roots of
bent-grass, and available only as rabbit-warrens : nearly
the whole of Magilligan strand is warren, followed by
sandy hills covered with bent, and extensive tracts of bog.
Beyond "Walworth, along the shores of Lough Foyle, the
beach is covered with herbage, forming salt marshes
greatly esteemed for grazing horses. [Lough Foyle is
a large gulf, which, communicating with the Atlantic by
a very narrow mouth, opens into a fine expanse, extend-
ing 15 miles into the country to the city of Londonderry,
and being * miles across where broadest. Though there
are shifting sand banks in some parts, the largest vessel
may ride in safety in it in all weathers.] The principal
part of the mountain soils is based on basalt, generally
presenting nothing to the view but bleak knolls rising
out of the bog and covered with heath or marshy plants.
In some more favoured situations the soil, though poor
and loose, produces herbage greedily depastured by
sheep ; and in the slacks or glens are found loams of
better quality, varying in texture according to the soil
of the hills from which they have been deposited.
The fertile soils are chiefly under tillage, in farms
varying in size from '2 to 200 acres and averaging eight
acres. Though wheat is cultivated on some of the richest
soils, barley is grown to a far more considerable extent,
especially in the districts bordering on Lough Neagh,
and around Myroe and Coleraine ; the other crops most
extensively raised are oats, potatoes, and flax : barley is
said to pay the summer s rent and flax the winter's.
Beans were formerly grown in vast quantities in Aghan-
loo and Myroe, and rye in some of the lower districts ;
but both are now uncommon. Four kinds of wheat,
red, white, plain, and bearded, are sown : the produce
of wheat varies from twelve to twenty barrels per acre ;
of barley, which is all of the four-rowed kind, called here
or Scotch barley, from eight to fourteen barrels of 21
stone (one-half more than the wheat measure) ; and of
oats, of which the brown Poland, lightfoot, blantire, and
potato-oat are commonly sown, from 30 to 70 bushels
per acre. Potatoes yield from 200 to 800 bushels per
acre. -\n acre of good flax will produce twelve stooks,
each yielding seventy-two pounds of clean scutched flax ;
L C) X 1)
I. () \ I)
but tlie common produce is one-third less. Turnips are
grown by all the gentry and leading farmers, and man-
gel-wurzel is a favourite crop with some ; but its culti-
vation is yet imperfectly understood. The principal
artificial grass in the county is clover, to which the an-
nual and perennial ray are sometimes added : the seeds,
when employed, are generally sown as the last crop of
a course ; but the common farmers seldom sow any,
trusting to the powers of the soil and the humidity of
the climate to restore the herbage. The prevailing kind
in marshy situations is the florin, or jointed grass,
which produces crops of amazing weight and good
quality.
Of manures, lime, which can be procured in almost
every part of the county, is in most extensive use, that of
Desertmartin being esteemed the best ; the cr)ntiguous
marl is also used, especially at Cruintballyguillen, or the
Leek. In the maritime districts, and from six to ten
miles inland, a favourite manure is sea-shells brought
by boats from islands in Lough Foyle : the shells are
chiefly oyster, muscle, and cockle ; from 30 to 60 barrels
are spread on an acre. Shelly sand is also gathered from
the coast, and from the shores of the Bann : trenching
and throwing the mould on an unturned ridge, and the
burning of peat for the ashes, are likewise practised.
The breeds of cattle of every kind are much improved
by judicious crossing. Derry not being a sheep-feeding
county, the attention of the farmers has been less turned
to this species of stock ; yet some of the gentry have
large flocks. Pigs are to be found in almost every house
and cottage ; they are usually slaughtered at home, and
the carcasses sent to market for the supply of the pro-
vision-merchants of Belfast, Londonderry, and C'ole-
raine. Of the horses, one breed is the active, hardy,
mountain garran, of a bay or sorrel colour, and slight
make : the Scottish Highland horses are likewise in great
request, and, together with a cross with the sinewy
draught-horse, are in common use. A cross with the
blood-horse has also been introduced. My roe is
famous for good cattle. All the improved agricultural
implements are in general use ; the advances made in
every department of rural economy have been consider-
ably promoted by the exertions of the North-West
Farming Society, which holds its meetings in Lon-
donderry and receives an annual donation of ten guineas
from the Irish Society of London. Among wild-fowl,
one species is very remarkable, the barnacle, which fre-
quents Lough Foyle in great numbers, and is much
esteemed for the sweetness of its flesh, as at Wexford
and Strangford, though elsewhere rank and unsavoury :
the difference here arises from its feeding on the fiiciis
saccharintis. The ancient abundance of timber is evinced
both by tradition and public documents ; also by the
abundance of pine found in all the bogs, of yew at Ma-
gilligan, and of fossil oak and fir in the mosses, even in
the most exposed situations : but the woods have been
wholly demolished by the policy of clearing the country,
the lavish waste of fuel, the destruction made by ex-
porting staves (once the staple of the county), and the
demand for charcoal for smelting lead and iron. Coal,
chiefly from Lancashire, is the principal fuel of the re-
spectable classes in Londonderry and its vicinity ;
English, Scotch, and Ballycastle coals are used at Cole-
raine. But almost the universal fuel of the county is
turf; in the fertile and thickly inhabited districts many
Vol. II.— '257
of the bogs arc exhausted, and recourse has been had to
those of the mountains.
Geologically, the county is- composed of two great
districts, divided into two nearly equal portions by the
course of the Roe. The western is the extensive moun-
tain tract reaching from that river to Strabane, in
which mica-slate predominates in such proportions as
to compose nine-tenths of the whole ; it is accompanied
by primitive limestone in the lower districts, especially
in those bordering on the vale of the Roc. On the
eastern bank of the river this system of mountains is
succeeded by a range of secondary heights, reposing on
and concealing the mica-slate, which dips under them
eastward. On these is piled a vast area of basalt, form-
ing the basis of almost the entire country between the
Roe and the Bann. These basaltic strata dip with the
fall of the hills towards the north-cast, to meet the oppo-
site dip of the strata on the other side of the Bann.
forming the other half of this extensive basaltic tract.
The covering of basalt appears to acquire its greatest
thickness on the north, where, as in the cap of Benye-
venagh, it is more than 900 feet thick. Between the
basalt and the subjacent mica-slate, are found, in close
succession, many of the most important formations which
occupy a great part of the southern and eastern counties
of England. Next to the basalt (descending westward
towards Lough Foyle and the vale of the Roe, and to
the rich lands in the vale of Moyola and its vicinity) is
found chalk, in beds of an aggregate thickness of about
200 feet, analogous to the lower beds of the English
chalk formation, and therefore approaching in charac-
ter to white limestone, being used and commonly desig-
nated as such. Even in its fossils and organic remains,
this chalk is perfectly identified with that of England.
Next is seen mulatto, precisely analogous to the green
sandstone formations of England : the mulatto rests
immediately on a lias limestone, blue and argillaceous,
disposed in small beds alternating with slate-clay, and
distinguished by ammonites, gryphites, and other fossil
remains. The lias, in turn, reposes, as in England, on
beds of red and variegated marl, containing gj-psum, and
even distinguished by numerous salt springs ; and this
marl is underlaid by a thick deposit of red and varie-
gated sandstone, containing clay galls, and incumbent
on the mica- slate formation. Sometimes, however, the
mulatto and lias are entirely wanting ; and the chalk
may be seen immediately resting on the sandstone,
both of which are constant and continuous. The deep
valleys separating the detached eminences of the basalt
region, afford abundant evidence of their formation in
excavations of part of the solid strata by some vast
convulsions or operations of nature. North-east of the
source of the Roe is a small detached district of mica-
slate, nearly surrounded by the basaltic ridges of Ben-
bradagh and Cragnashoack, and forming the entire
mass of the mountain of Coolcoscrahan. The moun-
tain limestone, which is micaceous and granular, occurs
to the most remarkable extent on the north-west side
of Carntogher mountain, in Bennady glen, near the old
church at Dungiven, at Banagher, near Claudy, near
Newtown-Limavady, and on Slieve-Gallion mountain,
where it contains crystallised hornblende in abundance.
Hornblende slate occurs in Bennady glen, Aglish glen,
and the bed of the Roe river near Dungiven, where it is
contiguous to the primitive limestone. Porphyry is the
2 L
LO N D
fundameatal rock on the east side of Slieve-Gallion,
and one variety resembles sienite, with which it is in
connexion. Transition trap also occurs on Slieve-Gal-
lion.
The transition limestone, intervening in a few places
between the primitive formations and the sandstone, is
of the same kind as that which occupies so great a
portion of the central counties : it is of a smoke-grey
colour, and contains two sorts of terebratulites, and
nodules of glassy quartz, which render it dangerous
to blast; but being, nevertheless, the best species in
the county for manure and all ordinary purposes, it is
most extensively quarried. The sandstone extends the
entire length of the county, from its northern extremity
near Down hill up the eastern side of the Roe, and sur-
rounding Cragnashoack and Carntogher mountains,
■whence it stretches by the eastern declivity of Slieve-
Galhon into the county of Tyrone. The upper strata
of chalk are characterised by parallel beds of flinty
nodules ; and, at their junction with the basalt, these
flints are found imbedded in the lowest member of the
trap deposit : it is curiously affected by intersecting
dykes filled with basalt. The only great geological
phenomenon exhibited on the sea-coast is the gradual
emergence of the chalk from under the trap beds. The
basalt is chiefly tabular, with the varieties called green-
stone, amygdaloidal wacke, &c. A laminated schist of
the mica-slate formation is quarried between Derry
and Newtown ; there is a good quarry of lamellated
schist between Bond's glen and Gossaden ; gneiss
occurs in the quarries of the mica-slate near the
Faughan river ; granite on the northern summit of
Slieve-Gallion : the finest rock-crystals are to be met
with in Finglen, Dungiven, Banagher, and in the primi-
tive mountains near Learmount ; and steatite is found
in the basaltic region. Iron is disseminated through
many of the strata of the county, and in the basalt is
sometimes so abundant as to affect the needle. Iron-
stone, which exists in great abundance in Slieve-Gallion,
v\as formerly worked, but the undertaking was aban-
doned on the failure of fuel. The metal is found in a
mixed state with manganese ; and in the mountain
streams, mounds of it are observed in the character of
yellow ochre. To the abundance of this metal in the
peat-moss are owing the red colour and weight of the
ashes. Coal, copper, and lead have been discovered in
very small quantities.
The staple manufacture is that of linen, of which
the raw material is grown here, chiefly from American
and Riga seed, though partly from Dutch, which is
most esteemed. The flax is spun by the rural popula-
tion, and the weavers themselves are husbandmen ; so
that during seed-time and harvest the loom is aban-
doned. The flax is generally spun from three to four
hanks in the pound weight, and the tow yarn is made
into sacking for home use ; the coarser yarn is mostly
carried to Londonderry to be exported to Liverpool for
Manchester, and to Scotland, the finer being disposed
of at Coleraine, Newtown, &c. The fabric made in
Coleraine is the finest, and all webs of the same texture,
wherever manufactured, are called Coleraines. The
fabrics of_ Londonderry are of two kinds ; one only
twenty-seven inches wide, and called Derry wrappers ;
the other thirty-two inches wide, and made of fine
yarn. Considerable quantities of linen are exported
25b
LOND
unbleached ; the coarse chiefly to Liverpool. The white
linens are shipped from Londonderry or Coleraine to
Liverpool or London. Coarse red pottery is made at
Agivey, and at some other places ; there are several
distilleries and breweries, and numerous corn and flour
mills. The coast abounds throughout with all the or-
dinary kinds of fish, which are taken for home con-
sumption i but the principal fisheries are those of
salmon and eels in the Bann, which are superior in
extent to any others in Ireland, employing a great num-
ber of persons : almost the entire produce of salmon
is exported. There are several other considerable fish-
eries along the sea-coast, and in the small rivers ; but
most of the salmon brought to the provincial markets
comes from a distance of several miles, and is much
inferior to that of the Bann. The commerce of the
county centres in the city of Londonderry and the
town of Coleraine, but chiefly the former. At Bally-
ronan, on Lough Neagh, vessels of sixty tons' burthen
can unlade ; and, though the exports are inconsiderable,
timber, iron, slates, coal, flax-seed, hardware, and gro-
ceries are landed in large quantities.
The principal rivers are the Foyle, the Bann, the
Roe, and the Faughan. The Foyle, which derives its
name from the smoothness of its current, intersects
the liberties of the city of Londonderry, in a majestic
course north-eastward, having descended from Lifford,
where, after the union of several important streams, it
first obtains its name : at Culmore, six miles below the
city, which it appears formerly to have insulated, it
expands into the estuary of Lough Foyle. The Bann,
or "'White River," so called from the purity of its
waters, intersects the liberties of Coleraine, within four
miles of its junction with the ocean ; but the navigation
is greatly obstructed by shallows and a very dangerous
bar, where the currents of the fresh water and the tide
meet. The Roe, or " Red River," so called from the
colour of its waters, receives at Dungiven the Owen-
Reagh : in its course directly north, it is joined from
the mountains on each side, by the Owen-Beg, the
Gelvin-water, the Balteagh river, and the Castle and
Curley rivers ; and winding through the fertile flat by
Newtown-Limavady, it falls into Lough Foyle at Myroe.
The level country bordering the lower part of its course,
is exposed to sudden and impetuous floods poured down
from the surrounding mountains ; many acres of the
finest lands are with difiiculty defended by embank-
ments, and even with this protection the securing of
the crop is never a matter of certainty. The deposits
brought down by this river form many shifting banks
in the lough, which prevent its mouth from becoming
a convenient little port, although there is sufficient
depth of water at high tides. The Faughan in its
course receives many rills and streams from the heights,
and falls into Lough Foyle ; The Moi/ola is a consider-
able stream descending into Lough Neagh. The prin-
cipal tributaries of the Bann are the Claudy, Agivey,
and Macos(iuin streams. The roads are numerous and
highly important : several very useful lines have been
made, and others greatly improved, solely at the ex-
pense of the Drapers' Company ; all the other roads
are kept in repair by grand jury presentments.
In the original plantation of the county in 1609, and
the subsequent years, the English settlers were located
in the fertile tracts along the borders of Loughs Foyle
LON D
LO N D
and Neagh, and the banks of the Roe and Bann ; the
Scotch were placed in the higher lands as a kind of
military barrier between their more favoured brethren
of the south country and the Irish, who, with the ex-
ception of a few native freeholders, were removed to
the mountain districts. The varieties of religion cor-
responded with those of country, the English being
Protestants of the Established Church ; the Scotch,
Presbyterians, or other sects of Protestant dissenters ;
and the Irish, Roman Catholics. This arrangement of
severance long prevented, and still in some degree
continues to prevent, the amalgamation of the several
classes. The Irish, shut up within their secluded moun-
tain ravines, retain many of their peculiarities of lan-
guage, customs, and religion ; those of Glenullin, though
near a large Protestant settlement at Garvagh, will
admit none but members of their own church to reside
among them, though in other respects they are on terms
of great kindliness with their neighbours of a different
creed, except when under the excitation of party animo-
sity. The residences of many respectable gentlemen
are in the cottage style, generally ornamented and sur-
rounded with planting and gardens : the habitations of
the rural population are of every description, from the
slated two-story house of brick or stone, and the long
narrow cottage with two or three partitions, to the cabin
of dry stone or clay, without even a window. In the
districts of Coleraine and Descrtmartin, where lime is
plentiful, the dwellings of the peasantry are neatly
white-washed, and sometimes rough-cast ; but in other
parts they present a very sombre appearance.
Remains of its ancient inhabitants of every period
are scattered over the county. There is a cromlech at
Slaght-Manus, another at Letter- Shandenny, a third at
Slaghtaverty, and others at Bally-na-screen : some were
originally surrounded by a circle of upright stones.
There are remains of sepulchral mounts or tumuli at
Mullagh-cross, and a vast tumulus is seen at Dovine,
between Newtown-Limavady and Coleraine ; besides
several of smaller dimensions. Numerous cairns are
met with in every quarter, especially on the summits of
the mountains. Near Dungiven is a very remarkable
sepulchral pillar. Raths or Danish forts are likewise
scattered, iu chains, in every direction, each being gene-
rally within sight of two others : the most remarkable
is that called the Giant's Sconce, anciently commanding
the communication between the districts of Newtown
and Coleraine. Ditches, inclosing spaces of from half
a rood to several acres, are discernible contiguous to
these forts. There is a curious mound surrounded
with a moat on the road from Springhill to Lough
Neagh ; and another, of larger size, at Dungorkin,
on the road from Cumber- Claudy through Lougher-
more. Ancient intrenchments of differeut character
are seen at Prospect, and between Gortnagasan and
Cathery. Various coins, pins, rings, and forks have
been found about a moat near Lough Neagh ; and,
among other ancient instruments, quern-stones have
often been discovered. Hatchets made of hard basalt,
spears of grey granite, and barbed arrow-heads of flint
(the last sometimes neatly executed, and vulgarly
called elf-stones), are very frequently found. Some-
times gold and silver coins, fibulae, and gorgets, with other
ornaments, are dug up ; but these are rare. There are
many artificial caverns, which seem to have been de-
'259
signed for the concealment of goods, or for the refuge
of families in case of sudden attack : the sides are built
of common land stones without cement, and the roof
is composed of flags, or long stones ; but the vault is
seldom high enough for the passage of a man in a stoop-
ing posture. They consist sometimes of different gal-
leries, and the mouth was usually concealed by a rock
or grassy sod.
Besides the remains of monastic institutions in the
city of Londonderry, seventeen others appear to have
existed within the limits of the county ; there are still
remains of those situated respectively at Camus, Errigal,
Tamlaghtfinlagan, Donmach-Dola, and Dungiven, at the
last of which are the most interesting of all the ecclesi-
astical ruins. Near the old church of Banaghcr, also,
is a monastic building almost entire. Tliere are a few
castles of Irish erection : Bally-reagh, on a rocky cliff
overhanging the sea, is said to have belonged to one of
the Mac Quillans ; and a castle which stood near the
church of Ballyaghran is reported to have been the
abode of the chief of that sept. Several English castles,
with bawns and flankers, were built by the London
companies, one at least in every proportion of allotment ;
but they are all in ruins except Bellaghy, which is still
occupied.
LONDONDERRY, a city
and port, and the head of a
union, partly in the parish
of Glendkrmot, but chiefly
in the parish of Temple- ■
MORE, county of London-
derry (of which it is the '
chief town), and province of
L'lster, 69J miles (N. W.
by W.) from Belfast, and
11 Si (X. N. \V.) from Dub-
lin; containing 15,1.50 in-
habitants. It was originally
and is still popularly called Derry, from the Irish Doire,
which signifies literally " a place of oaks," but is like-
wise used to express " a thick wood." By the ancient
Irish it was also designated Doire-Calsaicli, or Derry-
Calgach, " the oak wood of Calgach ;" and Adamnan,
abbot of lona in the 7th century, in the life of his pre-
decessor, St. ColumbkiU, invariably calls it Robonlum
Calgagi. About the end of the 10th century, the name
Derry-Calgach gave place to Dernj-Columbhdl, from an
abbey for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine
founded here by that saint ; but when the place grew
into importance above every other Derry, the distin-
guishing epithet was rejected : the English prefix, London,
was imposed in I6l3, on the incorporation of the Irish
Society by charter of James I., and was for a long time
retained by the colonists, but has likewise fallen into
popular disuse. The city appears to be indebted for its
origin to the abbey founded by St. ColumbkiU. accord-
ing to the best authorities in 546, and said to have been
the first of the religious houses instituted by that
saint ; but the exact period of its foundation, and its
early history, are involved in much obscurity. In 7S3
and 812 the abbey and the town were destroyed by fire ;
at the latter period, according to the Annals of Munster,
the Danes heightened the horrors of the conflagration
by a massacre of the clerg>- and students. The place
must have been speedily restored, as, in 851, the Danes
Seal.
L O N D
were driven with great slaughter from the siege of Derry
by Niall Caille, King of Ireland, and Murchadh, Prince
of Aileach. In 9>S3, the shrine of St. Columbkill was
carried away by the Danes, by whom the place was also
thrice devastated about the close of the 10th century :
in 1095 the abbey was consumed by fire. In 1100
Murtagh O'Brien arrived with a large fleet of foreign
vessels, and attacked Derry, but was defeated with great
slaughter by the sou of Mac Loughlin, Prince of Aileach.
Ardgar, Prince of Aileach, was slain in an assault upon
Derry in ll'M; and on the 30th of March, 113.5, the
town with its churches was destroyed by fire, in revenge,
as some state, of his death : it sustained a similar
calamity in 1149. In 1158, Flahertagh OBrolchain,
abbot of the Augustine monastery, was raised to the
episcopacy, and appointed supreme superintendent of
all the abbeys under the rule of St. Columb, by a synod-
ical decree of the Irish clergy assembled at Brigh-mac-
Taidhg, in the north of Meath. OBrolchain immediately
commenced preparations for the erection of a new
church on a larger scale; and in 1162 he removed
more than 80 houses adjacent to the abbey church, and
inclosed the abbey with a circular wall. In 1164 Tem-
ple More, or " the great church," was built, and the
original abbey church was thenceforward distinguished
as Duv Regies, or " the Black Church :" the new edifice
was 240 feet long, and was one of the most splendid
ecclesiastical structures erected in Ireland prior to the
settlement of the Anglo-Normans ; its site was near the
Black Church, outside the present city wall, and is now
chiefly occupied by the Roman Catholic chapel and
cemetery. Both edifices were entirely demolished by Sir
Henry Docwra, governor of Derry, in 1600, and the
materials used in the erection of the extensive works
constructed at that period ; but the belfry or round
tower of the cathedral served till after the celebrated
siege, and has given name to a lane called the Long
Tower.
In 1 1 66 a considerable part of the town was burned
by Rory O'Morna ; and in 1195 the abbey was plun-
dered by an English force, which was afterwards inter-
cepted and destroyed at Armagh. In 1197, a large
body of English forces, having set out from the castle of
Kill-Sanctain, on a predatory excursion, came to Derry
and plundered several churches ; but were overtaken by
Flahertach O'Maoldoraidh, lord of Tyrone and Tyrcon-
nell, and some of the northern Hy-Niall ; and a battle
ensued on the shore of the adjoining parish of Faughan-
vale, in which the English were defeated with great
slaughter. In this year, Sir John De Courcy came with
a large army, and remained five nights ; and in the fol-
lowing year also, having made an incursion into Tyrone
to pillage the churches, he arrived at this place, and
during his stay plundered Ennishowen and all the adja-
cent country : while thus engaged, he received intelli-
gence of the defeat of the English at Lame by Hugh
Boy O'Nial, which caused him to quit Derry. In 1203
the town was much damaged by fire ; and in 1211 it
was plundered by Thomas Mac Uchtry and the sons of
Randal Mac Donnelj, who came hither with a fleet of
"6 ships, and afterwards passed into Ennishowen and
laid waste the whole peninsula. This Thomas, and Rory
Mac Randal, again plundered the town in 1213, carrying
away from the cathedral to Coleraine all the jewellery
of the people of Derry and of the north of Ireland. A
260
L O N D
Cistercian nunnery was founded on the south side of
the city in 1218, as recorded in the registry of the Ho-
nour of Richmond ; but from the Annals of the Four
Masters it appears that a religious establishment of this
kind had existed here prior to that period. Nial O'Nial
plundered the town in 1222 ; and, in 1261, sixteen of
the most distinguished of the clergy of Tyrone were
slain here by Conor O'Nial, and the Kinel-Owen or
men of Tyrone. In the }-ear 1274 a Dominican abbey
was founded on the north side of the city, of which
even the site of the buildings cannot at the present time
be accurately traced.
Edward II. granted the town to Richard de Burgo,
Earl of Ulster, in 1311 ; but from this period till the
reign of Elizabeth, prior to which the English exercised
no settled dominion in Derry, no event of importance
connected with the place is recorded. In 1565 Edward
Randolph arrived in the Foyle with seven companies of
foot and one troop of horse, to repress Shane O'Nial,
Earl of Tyrone, who had renounced his allegiance to
the English crown ; and a sanguinary engagement taking
place on the plains of Muff, the Irish chieftain was sig-
nally defeated. An encampment was then formed by
the English near the city ; but in a sally against some
of O'Nial's forces, who had ostentatiously paraded be-
fore it, the English general was slain by a party who
had concealed themselves in an adjoining wood, and the
command of the garrison was given to Colonel St. Lo.
The English converted the cathedral into an arsenal,
and on the 24th of April, 1566, the gunpowder blew up
by accident, with so much damage as to render the place
untenable ; the foot embarked for Dublin, to which city
also the horse returned, passing through Tyrconnell and
Connaught to avoid O'Nial. In 1599 it was again de-
termined to fortify Derry, a measure long deemed
essential in order to divide and check the power of
O'Nial and O'Donell, the accomplishment of which ob-
ject was favoured by its situation and the friendship of
O'Dogherty of Ennishowen. With that view Sir Henry
Docwra, in 1600, entered the Foyle with a British force
of 4000 foot and 200 horse, and landed at Culmore, at
the mouth of the river, where he erected a fort. He
soon obtained possession of the city, and constructed
fortifications and other works for its defence ; pulling
down the abbey, cathedral, and other ecclesiastical
buildings, for the sake of the materials. On the ter-
mination of the war at the commencement of 1603,
the garrison was reduced to 1 00 horse and 1 50 foot
under the governor, and 200 foot under Captain Han-
sard ; while at Culmore were left 20 men. Sir Henry
now directed his attention to the improvement of the
place, and with so much zeal as to entitle him to be re-
garded as the founder of the modern city. A number
of English colonists settled here on his invitation ; he
obtained grants of markets and fairs, and, in 1604, a
charter of incorporation with ample privileges. But in
1608, after the flight and forfeiture of O'Nial and
O'Donell, the growing prosperity of the new city was
checked by the insurrection of Sir Cahir O'Dogherty,
the young chief of Ennishowen, who took both Cul-
more Fort and Derry, at the latter of which Sir George
Paulet (to whom Sir Henry Docwra had alienated all
his interests) and his men were slain ; as many of the
inhabitants as could escape fled, and the town was plun-
dered and burned.
LO N 1)
L O N D
A large part of Ulster having escheated to the crown
on the attainder of the two above-named earls, proposals
of colonization were made to the city of London, in
which this place is described as " the late ruinated city
of Derry, which may be made by land almost impregna-
ble." In accepting the offers of the crown, the city
agreed to erect '200 houses here, and leave room for
300 more ; 4000 acres contiguous to the city were to
be annexed to it in perpetuity, exclusively of bog and
barren mountain, which were to be added as waste ;
convenient sites were allowed for the houses of the
bishop and dean ; the liberties were to extend three
miles, or 3000 Irish paces, in every direction from the
centre of the city j and the London undertakers were
to have the neighbouring fort of Culmore, with the
lands attached, on condition of maintaining in it a com-
petent ward of officers and men. In 1613 the inhabit-
ants having surrendered their former charter, were
re-incorporated ; and the name of the city was altered
to Londonderry. The natives having conspired to take
the town by surprise, a supply of arms was sent from
London in I6l.">: an additional sum of £5000 was
ordered for completing the walls ; and, that it might not
in future be peopled with Irish, the '■ Irish Society"
issued directions that a certain number of children from
Christ's Hospital, and others, should be sent hither as
apprentices and servants ; and prohibited the inhabitants
from taking Irish apprentices. Leases of most of the
houses were granted for thirty-one years, and to each
was allotted a portion of land according to the rent,
with ground for gardens and orchards ; 300 acres
were assigned for the support of a free-school ; and of
the 4000 acres, the society allotted to the houses or
granted to the mayor 3'il7, including a parcel of 1500
acres, which were set apart to support the magistracy of
the city, and which subsequently became a source of
contention between the society, the corporation, and the
bishop. In 1618 we find the fortifications completed,
at an expense of £8357 ; but notwithstanding the adop-
tion of these and other measures of improvement, the
increase of houses and inhabitants was very slow, and
the operations of the ^ociety were made the ground of
various representations to the crown respecting the
non-fulfilment of the conditions of planting. lu 16'2'2,
commissioners were appointed to inquire into the affairs
of the plantation, to whom the mayor and corporation
of Derry presented a petition complaining of many
grievances resulting from the conduct of the society,
one of the chief of which was the non-erection of the
specified number of houses : this inquiry led to several
sequestrations of the city and liberties until 16'2S, and
for some time the rents were paid to the crown.
In the rebellion of 1641 the English and Scottish
settlers received a considerable supply of arms and am-
munition from London, and, having secured themselves
within the walls, successfully defended the city from the
attacks of the rebels under Sir Phehm O'Nial. In 1643
the inhabitants of Londonderry and Coleraine sent
letters to the Lords- Justices, urging their impoverished
condition and praying for relief. Sir John Vaughan,
the governor, having died this year, Sir Robert Stewart
was appointed to the command of the garrison, of which
five companies aided in his defeat of Owen O'Nied at
Clones, on the 13th of June. Towards the close of the
year, the parliament having taken the covenant, the
261
London Adventurers sent over an agent with IctterK
desiring that it should betaken within their plantation ;
but in the year following, the mayor was ordered by
the Lord- Lieutenant and Council to publish a proclama-
tion against it. Colonel Audley Mervyn, who had been
ai)pointed governor by the Marquess of Ormonde, was
nevertheless obliged from expediency to take the cove-
nant : in 1645 he was displaced by the parliament, and
was succeeded by Lord FoUiott. Sir C. Cootc, the
parliamentary general, having, in 1648, treacherously
seized the person of Sir Robert Hamilton, forced him to
surrender Culmore Fort ; by which the parliamentarians
became masters of all the forts of Ulster, except Charle-
mont. The Marquess of Ormonde failing in his attempts
to induce Sir C. Coote to join the king's cause, the
latter was blocked up in Derry by the royalists ; soon
after the city and Culmore Fort were rcgiilarly besieeed
by Sir Robert Stewart, who was subsequently joined by
Sir G. Monroe and Lord Montgomery with their respec-
tive forces, and Charles II. was proclaimed with great
solemnity before the camp of Derry. The decapitation
of the late king having excited horror among the ma-
jority of the people of the north, they rose in arms, and
soon obtained possession of all the towns and forts ot
strength in that quarter, except Derry and Culmore.
These two places, after a siege of four months, and
when the garrison, consisting of 800 foot and 180 horse,
was reduced to the greatest extremities, were relieved
by Owen Roe O'Nial, to whom Sir C. Coote had pro-
mised a reward of £5000 for this service ; and by the
defeat of Ever Mac Mahon,the Roman Catholic general,
the following year, at Skirfolas in Donegal, Coote finally
reduced all Ulster under the power of the parliament.
After the Restoration, Charles II., in 1662, granted
letters patent to the Irish Society, containing, with very
little alteration, all the clauses of the first charter of
James I. ; this is the charter under which the society
now acts. In 1684 the same monarch constituted a
guild of the staple, with powers as ample as those en-
joyed by any other city : in the following year, owing
to the decay of trade, the corporation complained to the
society that the government of the town was too ex-
pensive for the magistrates to sustain, and solicited an
abatement of the rent.
This city became in l6S9 the asylum of the Protest-
ants of the north, who, in number about 30,000, fled to
it for refuge before the marauding forces of James ; and
is distinguished in the annals of modern history for the
heroic bravery of its inhabitants amidst the extreme
privations of a protracted siege. The chief governor
having withdrawn the Protestant garrison, and steps
being taken to introduce an undisciplined native force
influenced by hostile prejudices, the young men of the
city closed the gates against its admission j and the bulk
of the inhabitants took up arms in their own defence.
The magistrates and graver citizens endeavoured to pal-
liate this ebullition of military ardour in their represent-
ations to the Lord-Lieutenant ; but in the mean time the
armed inhabitants applied to the Irish Society for assist-
ance. Lord Mountjoy, a Protestant commander in the
army of James, was, however, admitted, in a great mea-
sure from personal regard, but on condition that a free
pardon should be granted within 15 days, and that in
the interval only two companies should be quartered
within the walls ; that, of the forces afterwards admitted.
LO NB
one-half at least should be Protestants ; that, until par-
don was received, the citizens should guard the fortifi-
cations ; and that all who desired it might be permitted
to quit the city. By the advice of Mountjoy, who was
obeyed as a friend and associate, the arms were repaired,
money cheerfully subscribed, ammunition purchased in
Scotland, and the agent despatched to England urged
to procure supplies. He was succeeded in the command
by his first lieutenant, Lundy, whom King William, on
sending an officer with some military supplies, commis-
sioned to act in his name ; but the dissatisfaction of the
citizens was excited by the vacdlating character of this
commander, who, on the approach of James to besiege
the city in person, prepared to surrender it, notwith-
standing the arrival of two English colonels in the river
with reinforcements, which he remanded. The principal
officers being about to withdraw, and the town-council
preparing to offer terms of capitulation, the inhabitants
rose tumultuously against the constituted authorities ;
received with enthusiasm a brave and popular captain
who presented himself at the city gates with a rein-
forcement ; and, rushing to the walls, fired upon James
and his party advancing to take possession of the place.
On deliberation, they suffered the timid to depart unmo-
lested ; Lundy first concealed himself, and afterwards
escaped ; and two new governors were chosen, one of
whom was the celebrated George AValker, rector of
Donoughmore. Under their directions, the soldiers and
able inhabitants were formed into eight regiments, num-
bering 70'20 men, with 341 officers ; order and discipline
were in some degree established, and, notwithstanding
partial jealousies, 18 Protestant clergymen and seven
non-conformists shared in the labour and danger of the
siege, and by their e.xhortations stimulated the enthusi-
astic courage of the defenders with the fervour of devo-
tion. The operations of an army of 20,000 men were
thus successfully opposed in a place abandoned as un-
tenable by the regular forces, unaided by engineers or
well-mounted guns, and with only a ten days' supply of
provisions. An irregular war of sallies was adopted
with such effect that James, who had hitherto remained
at St. Johnstown, six miles distant, returned to Dublin,
leaving his army to continue the siege.
The defenders had now to contend against the inroads
of disease and famine ; and the arrival of Kirke with
a fleet in the lough afforded but little prospect of relief,
as he deemed it too hazardous an enterprise to sail up
to the town in front of the enemy's lines. But, although
thus apparently left to their own scanty resources, the
brave garrison continued the defence with unabated
heroism, making desperate and effective sallies even
when too much enfeebled by hunger to pursue their
success. To induce a surrender. Marshal Rosen, the
besieging general, ordered his soldiers to drive round
the walls of the town the helpless Protestant population
of the surrounding district, of all ages, who were thus
exposed to the horrors of famine for nearly three days
before they were suffered to disperse ; some of the
ablest of the men, however, secretly joined their com-
rades in the town, and an effective body of .500 people
were passed from it unperceived by the enemy. When
even such miserable resources as the flesh of horses and
dogs, hides, tallow, and similar nauseous substances,
had failed for two days, two of Kirke's ships, laden
with provisions and convoyed by the Dartmouth frigate,
26'2
LOND
advanced up the lough in view both of the garrison and
the besiegers, in a dangerous attempt to relieve the
place, returning with spirit the fire of the enemy. The
foremost of the provision ships came in contact with
the boom that had been thrown across the channel, and
broke it ; but, rebounding with violence, ran aground,
and for the moment appeared to be at the mercy of the
besiegers, who with acclamations of joy instantly pre-
pared to board her : the vessel, however, firing her
guns, was extricated by the shock, floated, and trium-
phantly passed the boom, followed by her companions.
The town was thus relieved, and the enemy retired ;
but of the brave defenders only 4300 survived to witness
their deliverance, and of this number more than 1000
were incapable of service : those who were able imme-
diately sallied out in pursuit of the enemy, who had lost
SOOO men by the sword and by various disorders during
the siege, which had continued 105 days. Culraore
Fort was reduced to ruin, and was never afterwards
rebuilt. The city itself sustained so much damage that
the Irish Society deemed it necessary to appoint com-
missioners for its restoration : the twelve chief com-
panies of London advanced £100 each; the society
supplied timber for the public buildings, abatements
were made in the rents, the terms of leases were aug-
mented, and other measures for the accomplishment of
this object were adopted.
In 1692, the corporation, failing to negotiate with
Bishop King for a renewal of the lease of the quarter-
lands, reminded the society that the bishop's claims to
this property were unsubstantial, and agreed to establish
their right in consideration of £90. 10. per annum, which
is still paid. In 1695 the society procured a resumption
of the remainder of the 1500 acres comprised in their
letters-patent, by an ejectment against the bishop, who,
in 1697, appealed to the Irish house of lords, and
obtained an order for their restitution ; the sheriffs and
some other inhabitants of Derry, opposing the order,
were taken into custody, and conveyed to Dublin.
Against this decision the society applied to the English
house of lords ; and in 1/03 an act was passed esta-
blishing their right, not only to ^the 1500 acres, but also
to the fisheries, which had previously been an object of
dispute ; subject to the payment of £250 per annum to
the bishop and his successors, which is still continued,
with a condition of exonerating him from rent or other
demands for his palace and gardens. In 1721 a dispute
took place between the corporation and the military
governor, who refused to deliver the keys of the city
gates to the new mayor, which by the charter he was
bound to do ; he surrounded the town-hall with troops,
and prevented the members of the corporation from
entering it, but was removed immediately after. A
grand centenary commemoration of the shutting of the
gates took place in I78S, and was continued with the
utmost harmony for three days ; in the month of
August following, the relief of the city was commemo-
rated.
The CITY is advantageously situated on the river
Foyle, above five statute miles above the point where it
spreads into Lough Foyle, and chiefly on the summit
and sides of a hill projecting into the river on its west
side, and commanding in every direction richly diversi-
fied and picturesque views of a well cultivated tract.
This hill, or " Island of Derry," is of an oval form, 1 19
LOND
L O N D
feet high, and contains about 200 acres. The ancient
portion of the city occupies the higher grounds, and is
surrounded by massive walls completed iu I6I7, at the
expense of the society ; they form a parallelogram
nearly a mile in circumference, and iu the centre is a
square called the Diamond, from which four principal
streets radiate at right angles towards the principal
gates. Since the Union the city has considerably in-
creased, particularly on the north along the shore of the
river, where several warehouses, stores, and merchants'
residences have been erected : on the west is also a
considerable suburb, in which, within the last fifteen
years, some new streets have been formed ; and on the
eastern bank of the river is another, called Waterside.
The walls, which are well built and in a complete state
of repair, are nearly 1800 yards in circuit, '24 feet high,
and of sufficient thickness to form an agreeable prome-
nade on the top. The four original gates have been
rebuilt on an enlarged and more elegant plan, and two
more added ; but the only two that are embellished are
Bishop's-gate and Ship-quay gate, the former built by
subscription in 17^8, being the centenary in commemo-
ration of the siege. In 16'28 the Irish Society were
ordered to erect guard and sentinel houses, of which
two are yet remaming : of the several bastions, the
north-western was demolished in 18'24, to make room
for the erection of a butter-market; and in IS'26 the
central western bastion was appropriated to the recep-
tion of a public testimonial in honour of the celebrated
George Walker. A few guns are preserved in their
proper positions, but the greater number are used as
posts for fastening cables and protecting the corners of
streets. The houses are chiefly built of brick : the en-
tire number in the city and suburbs, in 1841, was '2409.
The city is watched, paved, cleansed, and lighted with
gas, under the superintendence of commissioners of
general police, consisting of the mayor and twelve inha-
bitants chosen by ballot : the gas-works were erected in
18'29, at an expense of £7000, raised in shares of £11.
Water is conveyed to the town across the bridge by
pipes, from a reservoir on Brae Head, beyond the Wa-
terside, in the parish of Glendermot, or Clondermot ;
the works were constructed by the corporation under
an act of the 40th of George III., at a total expense of
£13,500, and iron pipes have been laid down within the
last few years.
The bridge, a celebrated wooden structure erected by
Lemuel Cox, an American, in lieu of a ferry which the
corporation held under the Irish Society, was begun in
1789, and completed in the spring of 179I. It is IO68
feet in length, and 40 iu breadth. The piles are of oak,
and the head of each is tenoned into a cap-piece 40 feet
long and 17 inches square, supported by three sets of
girths and braces ; the piers, which are I65 feet apart,
are bound together by thirteen string-pieces equally
divided and transversely bolted, on which is laid the
flooring : on each side of the platform is a railing 4^
feet high ; also a broad pathway provided with gas-
larops. Near the end next to the city, a turning bridge
has been constructed in place of the original drawbridge,
to allow of the free navigation of the river. Ou the 6th
of Feb. 1S14, a portion of the bridge extending to 350
feet was carried away by large masses of ice floated
down the river by the ebb tide and a very high wind.
The expense of its erection was £16,594, and of the re-
263
pairs after the damage in 1814, £18,208, of which latter
sum, £15,000 were advanced as a loan by government :
the average annual amount of tolls from 1831 to 18.14,
inclusive, was £3693. Plans and estimates for the
erection of a new bridge, nearly 200 yards above the
present, have been procured ; but there is no prospect
of the immediate execution of the design.
A public library and news room, commenced in 18 19
by subscription and established on its present plan in
1824, by a body of proprietors of transferable shares of
20 guineas each, is provided with about 2660 volumes
of modern works, and with periodical publications and
daily and weekly newspapers. It is a plain building
faced with hewn Dungiven sandstone, erected by sub-
scription in 1824, at an expense of nearly £2000, and,
besides the usual apartments, contains the committee-
room of the Chamber of Commerce ; the lower part is
used as the news-room, to which all the inhabitants are
admitted on payment of five guineas annually. A lite
rary society for debates and lectures was instituted in
1834, and the number of its members is rapidly increas-
ing. Concerts were formerly held at the King's Arms
hotel, but have been discontinued ; races are still held,
on a course to the north of the town. Walker's Testi-
monial, on the central western bastion, was completed
in 1828 by subscription, at an expense of £1200: it
consists of a column of Portland stone, of good propor-
tions, in the Roman-Doric style, surmounted by a statue
of that distinguished governor by John Smith, Esq., of
Dublin ; the column is ascended by a spiral staircase
within, and, including the pedestal, is 81 feet in height,
in addition to which the statue measures nine feet. The
city is in the Belfast military district, and is the head-
quarters of a regiment of infantry which supplies de-
tachments to various places : the original barracks were
intended for the accommodation of four officers and
320 men, with an hospital for 32 patients ; but from
their insufficiency a more commodious edifice has been
erected, in the parish of Clondermot.
The M.\NUFACTURES are not very considerable. The
principal is that of meal, for which there are several
corn-mills ; of these, one erected by Mr. Schoales in
1831, and worked by a steam-engine of IS-borse power,
and another subsequently by Mr. Lcatham, worked by
an engine of 20-hor>-e power,' are the chief The recent
extension of this branch of trade has made meal an
article of export instead of import, as formerly ; in 1 83 1 .
553 tons were imported, while in 1834 6950 tons were
exported. In William-street are a brewery and distil-
lery : there are copper-works which supply the whole
of the north-west of Ulster, and afford regular employ-
ment to 27 men ; two coach-factories ; two flax-spin-
ning mills; some tanyards and rope-walks; a corn-
mill and distillery at Pennyburn, and another at Water-
side. A sugar-house was built in 1762, iu what is still
called Sugar-housc-lane, but was abandoned in 1809;
the buildings were converted into a glass manufactory
in 1820, but this branch of business was carried on for
a fesv years only.
This is the place of export for the agricultural pro-
duce of a large tract of fertile country, which renders
the coasting tr.vde very extensive, especially with
Great Britain. The quantity of grain, &c., exported to
England and Scotland alone, in the year ending Jan.
oth, 1835, was, 3680 tons of wheat, 1490 tons of barley.
L O N D
L O N D
10,429 tons of oats, 6950 tons of oatmeal, 3050 tons of
eggs, 3654 tons of flax, o2,S4'2 firkins of butter, 11,5S0
barrels of pork, 1900 bales of bacon, 590 hogsheads of
hams, 16'28 kegs of tongues, and 147 hogsheads of lard.
Derry is still the market for a considerable quantity of
linen, of which 964'2 boxes and bales were exported in
the same year. The number of vessels employed in the
coasting trade, which entered inwards, in 1834, was 649,
of an aggregate tonnage of 63,726 ; and which cleared
outsvards, 646, of an aggregate tonnage of 6"2,502 ; in-
cluding steam-vessels, which ply regularly between this
port and Liverpool and Glasgow. In 1S44, the number
inwards was 773, and outwards 722. The principal
articles of foreign produce imported direct are, staves
and timber from the Baltic ; barilla from Spain ; sugar
and rum from the West Indies; wine from Spain and
Portugal ; tobacco from the United States, from which
the ships come chiefly to take out emigrants, who re-
sort to this port from the inland districts in great num-
bers ; and flax-seed, the importation of which has much
increased within the last few years, from Riga, America,
and Holland. But the greater portion of foreign com-
modities comes indirectly, or coastwise. The number
of vessels employed in the foreign trade, which entered
inwards, in 1834, was 57, of an aggregate burthen of
10,406 tons; and that cleared outwards, 16, of an
aggregate tonnage of 4869. In 1844, the number in-
wards was 56, and outwards 37. The gross estimated
value of the exports, both to foreign and to British
ports, in a recent year, was £1,040,918, of which
£120,676 were for corn, meal, and flour; £328,660
provisions; £314,749 linens; £10,580 whisky and
malt-liquor; £224,190 hides, feathers, flax, &c. ; and
the remainder unenumerated articles. The gross value
of the imports, in the same year, amounted to £708,054,
whereof £11,824 were coal, &c., £40,135 iron and other
metals, £13,550 haberdashery, £23,256 spirits, £29,225
hides, &c., £80,399 tea, £8213 tobacco, £3364 wine,
■tc, besides various other articles.
The salmon fishery of the Foyle affords employment
to 120 men, exclusively of the same number of water-
keepers : the fish is shipped principally for Liverpool ;
some is also sent to Glasgow, and some pickled for the
London market. The quantity taken annually on an
average of three recent years was about 149 tons. The
right of fishing in this river up to Lifford is vested by
charter of James I. in the Irish Society, who by an act
in the reign of Anne, are bound to pay the bishop £250
per annum, as compensation for his claim to some small
fishings, and to a tithe of the whole ; but at present the
Marquess of Abcrcorn and the Earl of Erne hold fish-
eries below the town of Lifford. The fishery off the
coast is precarious, and frequently yields only a scanty
supply, from the danger in encountering a rough sea
experienced by the boats employed in it, which are
only indifferently built : yet at other times the market
abounds with turbot taken near Innistrahull and on
Hemptons Bank, about 18 Irish miles north of Ennis-
howen Head ; with soles and haddock, taken in Lough
Swilly and elsewhere ; cod, mostly off the entrance to
Lough Foyle ; and oysters, taken in Lough Swilly from
the island of Inch up to Fort Stewart, and in Lough
Foyle from Quigley's Toint down to Greencastle. A
new and very important trade as connected with the
port, is the herring-fishery; upwards of 5800 barrels
264
were ctired in a late j'ear, at the Orkneys, by Derry
merchants, and the total quantity imported exceeds
12,000 barrels, one- half of which are cured by vessels
fitted out from this port. Large quantities of oysters
have been taken in the river Foyle since 1829.
Derry is about 19 statute miles above the entrance to
Lough Foyle, the approach to which is facilitated by a
lighthouse on the island of Innistrahull ; and by two
others of late erection on Shrove Head, Ennishowen,
intended to serve as guiding lights past the great Tun
Bank lying to the east. The limits of the port extend
to Culmore, a distance of three miles ; the lough has
been deepened under the direction of the Ballast Com-
mittee, in consequence of which, vessels drawing 14
feet of water can come close to the quays. At the en-
trance to the lough is a well-regulated establishment of
pilots, under the superintendence of the Ballast Board.
The Ballast Office was established by act of parliament
in 1790, and remodelled by another act in 1833 : the
port regulations are under the control of a committee of
this establishment, consisting of the mayor and seven
other members, of whom the two senior members go
out annually by rotation, and who have the power of
making by-laws. The corporation alone possessed the
right of having quays prior to 1832, when they lost
their monopoly, and private quays were constructed :
they disposed of their interest in the merchants' or
custom-house quays, in Nov. 1831. There are now 21
sufferance or private wharfs or quays, including two at
Waterside, in the parish of Clondermot. A patent-slip
dock was constructed in 1830, at an expense of £4000,
in which vessels of 300 tons registered burthen can be
repaired : prior to that period most vessels were sent
for repair to Liverpool or the Clyde, and several large
brigs have been built here since that date. Naval
stores are brought chiefly from Belfast, but sails are
manufactured here.
In the excise arrangements Londonderry gives name
to, and is the head of, a district which comprises the
city of Londonderry ; the towns of Omagh, Strabane,
Newtown-Stewart, and Fintona, in the county of Ty-
rone ; and Letterkenny, Buncrana, Ramelton, Raphoe,
&c., in the county of Donegal. The custom-house, an
inconvenient building, was built as a store in 1805, and
since 1809 has been held by government on a perma-
nent tenure, at an annual rental of £1419. 4. 6., at first
as a king's store, and since 1824 as a custom-house:
the premises comprise some extensive tobacco and
timber yards, laid out at different periods, and extend
in front 4.50 feet, varying in depth. Branches of the
Bank of Ireland, and the Belfast, the Northern, and
Provincial Banks, have been established. The markets
are generally well supplied. The shambles, for meat
daily, and to which there is a weigh-house attached, are
situated off Linen-hall-street, and were built in I76O, by
Alderman Alexander and other members of the corpora-
tion : the tolls belong to Sir R. A. Ferguson, Bart., who
in 1830 purchased the shambles, and the fish and vege-
table markets, of the corporation. The linen-market,
on Wednesday, is held in a hall occupying an obscure
situation in a street to which it gives name, and built in
1770, by Frederick Hamilton, Esq., to whose descendant
the tolls belong : it consists of a court measuring 147
feet by 15, and inclosed by small dilapidated houses ;
the cloth is exposed on stands placed in the court and
L O N D
under sheds ; on the opposite side of tlie street is the
seahng-room. The butter-market, in Waterloo-place,
for butter and hides daily, and to which three weigh-
houses are attached ; the fish-market, off Linen-hall-
street, daily ; the potato-market, in Society-street, for
potatoes and meal by retail daily, with a weigh-house
attached ; and the vegetable market, off Linen-hall-street,
for vegetables, poultry, and butter daily ; were all built
in 1825, by the corporation, to whom the tolls of the
butter and potato markets belong. The cow-market,
for the sale of cows, pigs, sheep, and goats, every Wed-
nesday, is held in a field to the south of Bishop-street,
near the river, which was inclosed in 183'2 by the cor-
poration. There are also a flax-market in Bishop-street
every Thursday, and a market for yarn in Butchers'-
street every Wednesday. Six fairs are held annually,
but only three are of importance, namely, those on June
17th, Sept. 4th, and Oct. 17th ; the others are on March
4th, April 30th, and Sept. '20th. Custom was charged
ou every article of merchandise brought into the city
prior to 18'26, when it was abolished, except as regards
goods conveyed over the bridge ; and in lieu thereof,
the corporation instituted trespass, cranage, storage,
and other dues. The post-office was established in
1784. The revenue police force usually consists of a
lieutenant and twelve men ; and the constabulary, of a
chief constable and twelve men. In 1845 an act was
passed " for making a Railwui/ from Loiidoiiderri/ to
Coleraiiie, with a branch to Newtown-Limavady :" this
remarkable undertaking consists of a main line of 3'2i
miles, between Londonderry (where it is to join the line
from Enniskillen) and Coleraine, and a branch of nearly
6f miles to Newtown-Limavady. The grand peculiarity
is, that about 19 miles of the railway and branch will
run upon embankments across Lough Foyle, by which
it is proposed to reclaim 18,000 acres of land from the
sea ; in the remaining portion, the engineers propose to
abandon part of the parliamentary plan, for the sake of
obtaining a shorter and better line. The total length is
39 British miles, and the capital £500,000, with power
to raise £166,000 additional by loan.
The MUNiciP.\L GOVERNMENT was. Until 1840, vested
in a mayor, twelve aldermen, and twenty-four burgesses,
assisted by a recorder, town-clerk, and chamberlain ;
and the inferior officers of the corporation were a sword-
bearer, mace-bearer, four town-serjeants, two sheriffs'
bailiffs, &c. The mayor and sheriffs were elected by the
common-council on the '2nd of Feb., the former from
among the aldermen, and the latter from the burgesses,
from whom also the aldermen were chosen ; the bur-
gesses were appointed from the freemen and inhabit-
ants. The sheriffs exercised jurisdiction both over the
entire county and the liberties of the city ; and the
town-clerk was generally clerk of the peace for the
county. The freedom was inherited by the sons of
aldermen and burgesses, and was obtained by marriage
with their daughters, by apprenticeship to a freeman,
and by gift of the corporation. The city at present is
divided into three wards, and governed by a mayor, six
aldermen, and eighteen councillors, elected under the
provisions of the act 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. 108 : a
sheriff is appointed by the Lord Lieutenant ; and there
are also a town-clerk, clerk of the peace, and other
officers. Derry returned two representatives to the
Irish parliament till the L^nion, since which it has sent
Vol. II. — 265
I. O N D
one to the Imperial parliament. The right of voting
was formerly vested in the burgesses and freemen, in
number about 450 ; but by the late enactintiits, under
whicli a new electoral boundary was established, the
former non-resident electors, except within a distance of
seven miles, were disfranchised, and the privilege ex-
tended to the £10 householders. The number of re-
gistered voters in 1841 was 906, of whom 7 1 1 were £10
householders, and the remainder freemen. Under the
old regime, the mayor, recorder, and all aldermen who
had filled the mayoralty, were justices of the peace
within the liberties, which comprised the city, and a
circuit of three Irish miles measured from its centre ;
they also exercised jurisdiction by sufferance over the
townland of Culmore. The mayor and recorder, or the
mayor alone, held a court of record every Monday, for
pleas to any amount ; the process was either by attach-
ment against the goods, or arrest of the person. The
court of general sessions for the city was held four
times a year : there is a court of petty-sessions weekly,
held before the mayor, or any of the civic magistrates.
The mayor also holds weekly a court of conscience, for
the recovery of ordinary debts not exceeding £'20 late
currency or servants' wages to the amount of £6, and
from which there is no appeal. The city is in the
North-West circuit, and the assizes are held here twice a
year : it is also one of the four towns within the county
at which the general quarter-sessions are held ; and the
assistant barrister presides here in April and October.
The Corporation Hall, in the centre of the Diamond,
and on the site of the original town-house built by the
Irish Society in 16'2'2, was erected by the corporation
in 169'2, and, till 1825, when it was rebuilt by the cor-
poration, was called the Market-house or Kxchange:
the south front, in which is the principal entrance, is
circular. The upper story contains a common-council
room, an assembly-room, and an ante-chamber. On
the ground floor, which was formerly open for the sale
of meal and potatoes, but was closed in 1S25, is a
news-room established by the corporation in that year.
The Court-house, completed in 1817 at an expense of
£30,479. 15., including the purchase of the site and
furniture, is a handsome building of white sandstone,
chiefly from the neighbourhood of Dungivcn, ornamented
with Portland stone, and erected from a design by Mr.
John Bowden. It measures 126 feet by 66, and exhibits
a facade judiciously broken by a tetrastyle portico of
the enriched Ionic order, modelled from that of the
temple of Erectheus at Athens : over the jjediment are
the royal arms ; and the wings are surmounted by
statues of Justice and Peace sculptured in Portland
stone by the late Edward Smith. The principal apart-
ments are the crown and record courts, the mayor's
public and private offices, the offices of the recorder,
treasurer, and clerks of the crown and peace, the judges'
room, and the grand-jury room : in addition to the
assizes, sessions, and mayor's court, the county and
other meetings are held in it. The Gaol, situated in
Bishop-street, beyond the gate, was erected between the
years 1819 and 1824, by Messrs. Henry, Mullins, and
M'Mahon, at an expense of £33,718, late currency : the
front, which is partly coated with cement and partly
built of Dungivcn stone, extends 242 feet ; and the depth
of the entire building, including the yards, is 400 feet.
It is built on the radiatinc plan ; the governor's house,
2M
LO ND
LOND
which includes the chapel and committee-room, is sur-
rounded by a panoptic gallery ; and the entire gaol con-
tains 179 single cells, 26 work and day rooms, and 20
airing-yards : apart from the main building is an hos-
pital, containing separate wards for both sexes. The
regulations are excellent : in 1835 the system of classi-
fication was abandoned, and the silent system intro-
duced ; the prisoners are constantly employed at various
trades, and receive one-third of their earnings.
The Diocese of Derry ^ ^ 94 (^ ^
originated in a monastery ^^^/c£M /'\nii^^.:=^::^
founded by St. Columb, ""^ "^~"
about 54.5. Some of the
abbots of this establishment,
at a very early period, were j^
styled bishops ; but the title
of Bishop of Derry was not
fixed until 1158; or until
even a century later, as the
bishops, though the see was
at Derry, were sometimes
called bishops of Tyrone
during the 12th and 13th centuries. Th
Arms of the Bishop
see first
existed at Ardsrath, where St. Eugene, the first bishop,
died about the end of the 6th century ; it was subse-
quently removed to Maghera, whence it was transferred
to Derry. It is called Darrich in the old Roman pro-
vincial, and Doire Chohiim chille, or " Columbkill's Oak
Grove," by ancient writers. The town is now called
Londonderry, from a colony of settlers from London,
(in the reign of James I.) by whom the present cathe-
dral was built ; but the bishopric retains its ancient
name of Derry. The see was constituted at Derry in
1158, by a decree of the Synod of Brigth Thaigh, at
which assisted Christian, Bishop of Lisraore, the pope's
legate, and twenty-five other bishops ; and Flathbert
O'BroIcan, Abbot of Derry, was promoted to the epis-
copal throne. In 1164, with the assistance of Mac
Loughlin, King of Ireland, he built the cathedral ; the
altar was robbed in 1196, by M'^Crenaght, of 314 cups,
which were esteemed the best in Ireland, but they were
recovered the third day after, and the robber executed.
German, or Gervase, O'Cherballen, who succeeded to
the bishopric in 1230, took the church of Ardsrath and
many others in Tyrone from the Bishop of Clogher, and
forcibly annexed part of the bishopric of Raphoe to his
diocese. In 1310, Edward II. directed the bishop of
Connor to inquire whether the king or any other per-
son would be prejudiced by allowing Richard de Burgo
to retain in fee the city of Derry, which the bishop,
with the consent of the chapter, had conveyed to him.
Prior to 1608, the bishop had one-third of the tithes of
each parish ; a lay person, called an Erenach, who was
the bishop's farmer, had another third ; and the remain-
ing third was allowed for the incumbent : but Bishop
Montgomery gave the bishop's share to the incumbents
of parishes, on the grant by James I. of the termon or
Erenach lands, amounting to 6534 acres, to the see in
exchange. By an inquisition in 1622, the bishop was
found to be entitled to fish for salmon on the Monday
after the 4th of June, within the great net-fishery be-
longing to the London Society ; also to half the tithe
of salmon, &c., caught in the Bann and Lough Foyle.
Bishop Hopkins, who died in 1690, was at great expense
in beautifying the cathedral, and furnishing it with
266 ^
organs and massive plate, and is said to have expended
£1000 in buildings and other improvements in this
bishopric and that of Raphoe. Derry continued to be
a separate bishopric until the death of Dr. Bissett,
Bishop of Raphoe, in 1836, when that see, under the
provisions of the Church Temporalities' act of the 3rd
and 4th of William IV., was annexed to the see of Derry,
and its temporalities became vested in the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners.
This diocese is one of the sixteen that constitute the
province of Armagh : it is partly in the counties of
Antrim and Donegal, but chiefly in Tyrone and Lon-
donderry, extending 47 miles in length by 43 in breadth,
and comprehending an estimated superficies of 659,000
acres, of which 2500 are in Antrim, 139,300 in Donegal,
233,100 in Tyrone, and 284,100 in Londonderry. The
lands belonging to the see of Derry comprise 77,102
statute acres, of which 39,621 are profitable land, and
37,481 unprofitable; and the gross yearly revenue de-
rived from these lands and from appropriate tithes, on
an average of three years ending Dec. 3 1st, 1831,
amounted to £14,193. 3. Under the Church Tempo-
rahties' act an annual charge of £4160 is payable out of
the see estates to the funds of the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners : this payment is made to diminish the excess
of the revenue of this see above the other bishoprics, and
is in lieu of the Ad I'alorem tax imposed on all benefices
in Ireland. The chapter consists of a dean and arch-
deacon, and the thi-ee prebendaries of Comber, Agha-
dowy, and Moville. To the dean belong, as the corps
of the deanery, the rectories of Templemore, Faughan-
vale, and Clondermot, the tithes of which, under the
Composition act, amounted to £3235. 7. per annum.
The deanery lands, which are situated in the parishes
of Clondermot and Faughanvale, consist of several
townlands, comprising 2859 statute acres, let on leases
at rents amounting to £176. 6. and renewal fines ave-
raging £269- 1 5. annually ; and the gross annual revenue
of the deanery, as returned by the Commissioners of
Ecclesiastical Enquiry, before the passing of the Rent-
charge act, amounted to £3710. 13. per annum. To
the archdeacon belongs the rectory of Dunboe, the tithe
rent-charge of which is £360 and the glebe lands com-
prise 420 statute acres ; its gross annual value, before
the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £700 per annum.
The endowments of the prebends consist of the tithes
and glebes of the parishes from which they take their
names, and are detailed in the articles on those places.
The cathedral has neither minor canons, vicars-choral,
nor an economy fund. The diocesan school is connected
with the free school of Derry, which was founded by the
corporation of London in 1617. The consistorial court
consists of a vicar-general, surrogate, registrar, deputy-
registrar, and 1 1 proctors. The number of parishes in
the diocese is 60, comprised in 57 benefices : the bene-
fice which forms the corps of the deanery is a union of
the three parishes of Templemore, Faughanvale, and
Clondermot, and is in the patronage of the Crown j 36
are in the patronage of the Bishop, 3 in the gift of the
Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin, 8 in lay
patronage, and the remaining 9, which are perpetual
curacies, in the patronage of the incumbents of the
parishes out of which they have been formed. The
number of churches is 62, and of school-houses and
other places where divine service is performed, II.
L () N I)
L O N I)
In the Roman Catholic diiisions this diocese is a
separate bishopric, and one of eight sulTragan to Armagh.
It comprises 36 parochial benefices or unions, containing
70 chapels, which are served by Hi dcrgymen, 36 of
whom, including the bishop, are parish priests, and 45
coadjutors or curates. The i)arochial benefice of the
bishop is Derry, or Templemore, where he resides.
The CATHEDRAL, which also serves as the parish
church of Templemore, was completed in 1633 ; the
former one, erected in 1164, having been destroyed by
Sir Henry Docwra. The cost of the building, amount-
ing to £4000, was defrayed by the corporation of the
city of London. It is principally in the later English
style, with various decorations since added, which do
not harmonize with its prevailing character ; and con-
sists of a nave and aisles, separated by stone pillars and
arches, with a tower at the west end surmounted by an
elegant octagonal spire terminating in a cross and
spear : on the cast gable is a cross springing from the
central battlement. The entire structure is 240 feet
long, and 66 feet broad ; the height of the tower and
spire is '2'28 feet, from the churchyard. In 1778, the
Earl of Bristol, then Bishop of Derry, completed a new
spire of hewn stone, svith open ornamented windows,
and the old tower was raised 21 feet; but in ISO'2,
owing to the dilapidated state of the tower, the spire
was taken down and soon after rebuilt from a fund of
£400, half of which was contributed by the Irish Society
and half by Bishop Knox and the citizens. The society
also contributed a sum for the embellishment of the
cathedral in 1SI9 ; and in IS'i'i the old roof of lead was
replaced by a slate roof. A new organ was erected in
IHIQ by subscription, to which Bishop Knox contri-
buted £100, and Dean Gough and the corporation £50
each. On the north of the tonimunion-table is a hand-
some monument of Italian marble, by Behnes, erected
in 1834 to the memory of Bishop Knox, at an expense
of £500, raised by subscription : on an elevated plinth
is an inscribed tablet, above which is represented a tomb
surmounted by a mitre, on the right of which is a full-
length figure of Religion, and on the left one of Charity
with a babe on her arm and two children of different
ages standing at her knees. There are various other
tablets, one of which, to the memory of the father of
the Rev. William Hamilton, D.D., is inscribed with an
epitaph by that distinguished naturalist. The Bishop's
Palace, built about the year I76I, during the prelacy of
Bishop Barnard, is a substantial and commodious build-
ing, occupying the site of the Augustinian convent ; it
was almost rebuilt by the Earl of Bristol, when bishop,
and, after the damage which it sustained by being occu-
pied as a barrack in ISO'a, was repaired by Bishop Knox.
The gardens in the rear comprise nearly two acres, and
extend to the city wall : having at the above period been
appropriated as a parade, that designation is still applied
to the adjacent part of the wall. The Deanery, a large
unadorned edifice of brick, was built in lb33 by the
Rev. T. B. Gough, the present dean, at an expense of
£3421. 16., to be reimbursed by his successor.
Adjacent to the city wall on the west is a Chapel of
Ease, a rectangular building, erected by Bishop Barnard,
whose descendant. Sir Andrew Barnard, became the
patron : the chaplain's original stipend of £50 is now-
paid out of the property of William J. Campbell, Esq.,
who claims the advowson. yJ Free Church was built on
267
the north of the city by Bishop Knox, in lh;jO, at au
expense of £760 ; and a gallery was erected in 1832, at
a further expense, including the cost of a vestry-room
and the introduction of gas, of £145, raised by subscrip-
tion. The Roman Catholic Chapel occupies the site of
the monastery of St. Columb, and is situated in a street
called the Long Tower, from the lofty round tower
which formed the belfry of the Dubh-Regles, the original
church built by St. Columb. This chapel was com-
pleted in I7H6, at an expense, including the cost of
some additions in 1811, of £2700, of which £210 were
contributed by the Earl of Bristol, and £50 by the cor-
poration. 'J he Presbtjterian meeting-house, in Meeting-
house-row, has a chaste and handsome front, of which
the pediment and corners are of Dungiven freestone ; it
is supposed to have been built about the year 1750, at
an expense of nearly £4000, and was repaired in 1828
at an additional cost of £700. The Frimilire U'esleyan
Methodist chapel, in the same street, was originally a
store, which was used by Wesley on bis visit to this city
in 1763 : his congregation built the Wesleyan Methodist
chapel in 1783, but on the separation taking place the
Primitive Methodists returned to their former place of
worship ; part of the building is still let for a store, and
the chapel is used as a Sunday school between the in-
tervals of divine service, for which the dean pays a rent
of £20. The old U'esleyan Methodist chapel was vacated
on the completion of a new chapel, built in 1.S35, at an
estimated expense of £1100, raised by subscription,
towards which the Irish Society contributed £100 ; the
ground tloor is used as a vcstry-room and a schoolroom
for 300 children. There are also a place of worship for
Presbyterians till lately in connexion with the Seceding
Synod, a plain building erected in 1783, at an expense
of £450; one for Covenanters, built in 1810 at a like
expense ; and for Independents, built in 1824 at an
expense of £500.
The Diocesan school, or Foyle College, was origin-
ally founded within the walls as a free grammar school,
in the reign of James I., and was rebuilt on its present
site to the north of the city in 1814, chiefly through the
exertions of Bishop Knox, who gave £1000 towards the
expense, which amounted to £13,714. 13., and was
further defrayed by donations from the Irish Society
and London Companies, sale of stock, and grand jury
presentments. It is a simple but handsome edifice of
stone, consisting of a centre and two wings, and plea-
santly situated on the bank of the river. The building
is sufficiently capacious to accommodate SO boarders ;
there are at present about 30 boarders, and as many
day-scholars, exclusive of 20 v^•ho are free : the day
pupils not free pay £4. 4. per annum for mercantile,
and £7. 7. per annum for classical, instruction. There
is no endowment, but the Irish Society, the bishop, and
the clergy of the diocese, subscribe annually to the
amount of about £200 ; this, with the emoluments
arising from the boarders and from the day scholars
who are not free, constitutes the income of the master :
the bishop and the dean and chapter are trustees. The
school has deservedly been held in great estimation,
owing to the high literary acquirements of the masters.
Attached to the institution is an excellent library of
works on divinity, collected by Bishop Hopkins, and
purchased and presented by his successor, Bishop King;
it has been augmented by a donation of £100 from
2 M 2
LO ND
LOND
James Alexander, Esq., of London, and is open to the
clergy of the diocese at all times. The Parish School
originated in an act of the '^iSth of Henry VIII., con-
firmed by one of the 7th of William III. The present
building, situated without the walls, was erected in
18 12 through the liberal contributions of Bishop Knox
and the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, the latter
of whom allow annually £30 for the boys', and £15 for
the girls', school ; and, in addition, the girls' school is
aided by annual grants of £40 and £10 late currency
from the Irish Society and the Bishop of Derry respec-
tively. There are about 108 boys and 97 girls, who,
except 20 of the boys who are free scholars, pay one
penny each weekly.
In connexion with the Presbyterian meeting-house is
a school established in 1820, in lieu of a blue-coat
school which had existed upwards of a century ; there
are at present about 100 boys and 96 girls, who pay
one penny each weekly. The boys' school is further
supported by a subscription of £10 per annum from
the congregation, and an annual grant of £20 by the
Irish Society ; and the girls' school by subscriptions
among the ladies, aided by £10 per annum late currency
from the Irish Society. The schoolrooms were built
and enlarged by subscription at an expense of £450.
St. Columh's School, founded in 1813 under the auspices
of the Roman Catholic bishop and clergy, but for some
time suspended from a difference which arose between
the prelate and one of his curates, was finally esta-
blished in 1825 : the building, including the erection of
a lofty inclosure, cost nearly £1000. It is in connexion
with the National Board of Education, who grant £30
per annum for its support, which is further aided by
£10 per annum from the Irish Society, and an annual
collection in the Roman Catholic chapel amounting to
£30; 143 boys and 166 girls are instructed. The Lon-
don Ladies' Society School, in Fountain-street, was esta-
blished in 1822 ; attached to it is a small library for
the use of the poor. Guyn's Charitable Institution was
founded by IMr. John Gwyn, a merchant of the city,
who died in 1829; and was endowed by him with a
bequest of £41,757, producing at present £1882 per
annum, for boarding, clothing, and educating as many
poor boys as the funds may admit of. This excellent
school, which is under the management of 21 trustees,
was opened on the 1st of April, 1833, in a hired house
formerly the City hotel : the trustees subsequently pur-
chased 10 statute acres of ground at the rear of the
infirmary, where they have erected handsome premises
capable of accommodating 200 pupils, at an estimated
expense of £6000. There are at present nearly 100
boys in the school. A Sunday- School Union was formed
in 1832, by which the hberties have been divided into
six districts, each under the superintendence of one
or two members ; the number of schools in the parish
at present in connexion with the union is 16, attended
by 162 teachers, and the number of pupils on the books
is 1726.
The Lunatic Asylum for the Counties of Londonderry,
Donegal, and Tyrone, situated on rising ground to the
north of the city, was commenced in June, 1827, and
opened in 1829; the entire expense, including the pur-
chase of the site and furniture, amounted to £25,678,
advanced by government, and to be repaid by the three
counties by instalments. The facade fronting the river
consists of a centre with pavilions, from which extend
wings with airing-sheds, terminating in angular pavi-
lions, all of Dungiven sandstone ; above the centre rises
a turret, the upper part of which forms an octagonal
cupola : in the rear are several commodious airing-
yards, separated by ranges of brick building, including
the domestic offices and workshops. The entire length
of the front is 364 feet ; the depth of the building, with
the airing-yards, 190 feet; and the height to the eave,
25 feet. 'The grounds comprise eight acres, including a
plot in front ornamentally planted, and a good garden.
The asylum was originally intended for 104 patients
only, but was some years ago enlarged so as to admit
150; and being still too small, from the cells being
partially occupied by incurables, persons afflicted with
epilepsy, and idiots, the accommodation has been just
again increased. The average annual expenditure for
the three years ending 1835 was £2554. 3. : the average
number of patients discharged recovered in each year
was 42 ; discharged relieved, 6 ; and incurable, 4 ; and
the average number of deaths was 17 in each year : the
number of patients at the commencement of 1836 was
155. The total number of patients in 1844 was 212,
and the expenditure £2910 : about 100 of the patients
are constantly employed. The Infirmary and Fever
Hospital for the City and County, on the north of the
city, was built in 1814, in place of an old poor-house
which previously occupied the site of the present fish
and vegetable markets ; and is supported by parlia-
mentary grants, grand jury presentments, governors'
subscriptions, and contingencies : it contains 120 beds.
The average annual income is £1475. 15., and the ex-
penditure, £1456. 10.; the entire number of patients
deriving relief from the institution is 463. A Dispensary
for the city and north-west liberties was established in
1819 by Bishop Knox and the inhabitants, and is sup-
ported by voluntary contributions, an annual grant of
£30 by the Irish Society, and presentments by the grand
jury; the number of patients relieved in that year was
920, and the expenditure £235. 8.
The Clergymen's ll'idows' Fund, originated in voluntary
subscriptions, to which Bishop Knox, a munificent
benefactor to the charitable institutions of Derry, gave
£1000, and most of the Protestant clergy of the diocese
contributed : the widows now receive each £35 per
annum, and the six senior widows have houses rent-
free, called the Widows'-row, adjacent to the cathedral.
The Charitable Loan Fund was instituted by Bishop
Knox, and the corporation contributed to it £31. 10.
per annum until the year 1829, from which period it
was unsupported till 1833, when the Irish Society
granted £10 annually towards the expense of manage-
ment. The Ladies' Penny Society has an average in-
come of about £200, including a bequest of £30 per
annum, and an annual grant of £30 by the Irish So-
ciety ; which is applied in distributing clothing, and a
few articles of food, among the poor : the society has a
branch called the flax fund, to which the Irish Society
contribute £20 per annum, for the distribution of cer-
tain portions of flax among poor applicants, who are
paid for spinning it into yarn. The Poor-shop, insti-
tuted in 1821, under the management of a committee
of ladies, for providing the poor with clothes and bed-
ding at first cost, on condition of their giving security
for payment by weekly instalments at the rate of one
LONG
L O N G
penny in the shilling, is supported by subscriptions. A
Mniiluitij AssocUitioii was instituted in IS'25, chiefly
through the exertions of Bishop Knox ; and a I'eiiileii-
lianj for reclaiming abandoned females, to which there
is a school attached, was established in 18'29. A licii-
i^iuus Trait Depository, in connexion with which is a
religious, moral, and historical society, was established
in lS'2'i : the library formed by the society comprises
about 500 publications, and at least one-half of the
funds must be expended on works purely religious.
The above and many other charitable institutions are
in a great degree attributable to the indefatigable ex-
ertions of the late Lady Hill. Ahlennun Peter Stanley,
in 1751, bequeathed £4'2 per annum late currency for
31 inhabitants of the city and liberties on the western
side of the river ; and in 1831, Margaret Evury gave
£20 per annum for the poor of the entire parish. The
Workhouse of the union, on a site of six acres purchased
for £76'2, was completed in 1840, at a cost of £6780,
and is constructed to contain 800 paupers.
In addition to the Ecclesiastical buildings already
recorded, here was a Franciscan Mendicant friary of un-
known foundation, with a churchyard containing about
three acres, the site of which is occupied by Abbey-
street and others ; the foundations were discovered a
few years ago by some workmen, but no vestiges of any
of the buildings are now remaining. The only religious
house preserved on the erection of the new city was the
church of St. Augustine, which was repaired, and used
prior to the erection of the present cathedral, after
which it was known as " the Little church ;" its site is
now occupied by the bishop's garden. A small square
tower was built by O'Dogherty for ODonoll, in the 15th
or I6th century ; but no vestige of it can now be traced.
Near the Roman Catholic chapel, outside the walls, are
St. Columb's If'elts, originally three in number, and
called by separate names, but of which one is dried up ;
the water, though considered in remote parts of the
island a specific for diseases of the eye, is here held in
little repute. In the centre of St. Columb's-lane, ad-
jacent to the wells, is .S^ Columb's Stone, on each side
of which are two oval hollows artificially formed, con-
cerning which various legends are related ; the water
deposited by rain in these hollows is believed to possess
a miraculous power in curing various diseases. The
shutting of the gates by the apprentice boys on Dec.
7th, 1688 (O. S.), and the opening of them on Aug. l'2th
following, are annually commemorated, but the cere-
mony has been somewhat modified since ISS^, in which
year an act was passed declaring such a commemora-
tion illegal ; they have led to the establishment of three
distinct clubs of apprentice boys, under ditferent de-
nominations. George Farquhar, the dramatic poet, was
born here in 16*8; and the Rev. William Hamilton,
D.D., author of " Letters concerning the Northern Coast
of the County of Antrim," and other productions on
natural history, who was assassinated at tlie house of
Dr. Waller, at Sharon, on March 2nd, 1797, was also a
native of the place. Londonderry gives the titles of Earl
and !Marquess to the family of Stewart.
LONG. — See Knocklong.
LONGFORD (County of), an inland county of the
province of Leinster, bounded on the south and east
by Westmeath, on the north by the counties of Cavan
and Leitrim, and on the west by that of Roscommon,
from which it is separated by the Shannon and Lough
Ree. It extends from .53° 30' to 53° 54' (N. Lat.), and
from 7° '21' to 7° 53' (W. Lon.) ; and comprises an area
of '269,409 statute acres, of which 191,823 are arable
land, 58,937 uncultivated, 4610 plantation, 304 in towns
and villages, and 13,675 under water. The population,
in 1821, was 107,570; in 1831, 112,558; and in 1841,
115,491.
It appears uncertain, from Ptolemy's statement, what
tribe inhabited this portion of the island in his time. It
was afterwards knosvn by the name of the Anali or
Annaly, and was the principality of the O'Farrkls, or
O'Ferrals, which family was subsequently divided into
two main branches ; O'Farrel Buy or the Yellow, which
held the southern part of the county ; and () Farrel
Ban or the White, which possessed the northern por-
tion. The family of O'Cuin, also, had a small territory
here, of which Rathcline Castle was the head-quarters
and chief fortress. Feargal, chief of this country, was
defeated in 960 by Mahon, Prince of Thoraond, on the
banks of the Inny, near its influx into Lough Rte, to
which place the latter had ascended by the Shannon
with a number of small vessels ; but this event pro<luced
no territorial changes. Previously to the arrival of the
English, Annaly was included in the province of Meath,
and, as such, formed part of the grant made by Henry
II. to Hugh de Lacy, who built castles and planted a
colony of English there ; but this remote part of his
territory, although the English families of Tuite and
Delamare succeeded in making a settlement in it, yielded
him little more than nominal submission, as the O Far-
rels held the chief power till the time of Elizabeth. On
the division of Meath into two counties in 1543, the
Annaly was considered to be a portion of the western
division ; and it was not formed into a separate county
until the 11th of Ehzabeth, when it was made shire
ground by Sir Henry Sidney, lord-deputy, under the
name of Longford, from its chief town, and was con-
sidered as one of the seven counties of Connaught.
Notwithstanding this interference on the part of the
English government, the OFarrels were still recognised
as chieftains until the 29th year of the same reign.
Faghan O'Farrel then made a formal surrender of the
territorj' to the queen, and next year obtained a re-grant,
suhject'to the jurisdiction of the English law. But the
authority of the English government had little influence
during the subsequent reigns of James and Charles I.,
as is evident from the fact that no charter of incorpora-
tion was granted to any town in it by the former of
these monarchs, by whom so many places in other
counties were endowed with corporate rights; the
earliest grant of this nature being that of St. Johns-
town, in the beginning of the reign of Charles I., while
the charters of the other borough towns, Longford,
Granard, and Lanesborough, were not obtained until
the middle of that of Charles II. From a remonstrance,
also, purporting to be sent by the inhabitants of Long-
ford to Lord Costello, to be presented by him to the
Lords Justices in Dublin, dated Nov. 10th, 1641, in
which thev complain of the grievances under which
they laboured as Roman Catholics, and petitioned for
an act of obhvion and restitution, liberty of conscience
in matters of relicion, and a repeal of the statutes of
Elizabeth aeainst" popery, it appears that the O'Farrel
family still" maintained almost the exclusive control
LONG
over the county, as the 26 signatures affixed to the
document are all of this name. Shortly after the break-
ing out of the war of 1641, Longford Castle was besieged
and taken by the Irish for the O'Farrels, and the gar-
rison put to the sword, notwithstanding it had sur-
rendered on promise of quarter. Castle Forbes, the
only other fortress in the county held for the govern-
ment, also fell into the power of the insurgents. But
the ultimate triumph of Cromwell's forces entirely re-
versed the fate of the country, and the O'Farrels lost
both their property and influence, which have since been
vested in other and various hands.
This county is partly in the diocese of Meath, but
chiefly in that of Ardagh ; and in the archdiocese of
Armagh. For purposes of civil jurisdiction it is
divided into the baronies of Abbeyshrule, Ardagh,
Granard, Longford, Moydow, and Rathcline ; and it
contains the market and assize town of Longford, the
market-towns of Granard and Lanesborough, the dis-
franchised borough of St. Johnstown (now a village),
the market and post towns of Edgeworthsfown and
Ballymahon, the post-towns of Colehill and Newtown-
Forbes, the villages of Bunlahy, Ballinamuck, Drumlish,
Killashee, and Keenagh, and the episcopal town or vil-
lage of Ardagh. The county sent ten members to the
Irish parliament ; two for the county at large, and two
for each of the boroughs of Longford, Granard, Lanes-
borough, and St. Johnstown ; but since the Union its
sole representatives have been the tvvo for the county,
who are elected at Longford. The constituency, as
registered in 1841, amounted to 1388, of whom 233
were £.50, 1'26 £20, and 881 £10, freeholders; and 3
£.50, 14 £20, and 132 £10, leaseholders. The shire is
included in the North-West circuit : the assizes and
general quarter-sessions are held at Longford, where the
county gaol and court-house are situated ; quarter-
sessions are also held at Ballymahon and at Granard.
The county is divided into eight petty-sessions' districts,
namely, Ballymahon, Carrickboy, Edgeworthstown, Gra-
nard, Keenagh, Killashee, Longford, and Newtown-
Forbes. The local government is vested in a lieutenant,
12 deputy-lieutenants, and 20 other magistrates, together
with the usual county officers. There are 27 constabu-
lary police stations, having in the whole a force of one
county inspector, 4 sub-inspectors, 5 head-constables,
23 constables, and 127 constables, with six horses ; the
expense of whose maintenance, in 1842, was £8506.
The district lunatic asylum for this county, and the
King's, Queen's, and Westmeath, is at Maryborough ;
the county infirmary is at Longford, and there are dis-
pensaries at Ballymahon, Edgeworthstown, Granard, and
Keenagh, supported equally by grand jury present-
ments and private subscription. The total amount of
grand jury presentments, for the year 1844, was
£16,503. In military arrangements the county is in the
Athlone district ; there are barracks at Longford for
infantry and cavalry, and at Granard for infantry,
together capable of accommodating 15 officers, 391 men,
and 202 horses.
The general features of the surface present little to
attract the eye, or excite the imagination. It is for
the most part flat, and in many places overspread with
large tracts of bog : towards the north, where it bor-
ders on the county of Leitrim, it rises into bleak and
sterile mountains. In its other extremity, however, the
270
LONG
country improves very much, particularly on the banks
of the Inny, where the land is more fertile and is well
cultivated : near Ballymahon the scenery is varied and
beautiful. Lakes are numerous in many parts, particu-
larly in the baronies of Longford and Granard ; the
most extensive are, Lough Gownagh, in the northern ex-
tremity of the county, and Lough Kinale, near Granard,
both of which contribute to form the boundary between
this county and Cavan. In each are several islands,
and each possesses considerable interest from the sur-
rounding scenery, which is much heightened by young
and flourishing plantations. The principal islands in
Lough Gownagh are Innismore, Inchmory, Innisdavoge,
and Jasper Island, each of which is fertile, planted or
embellished with remains of ancient buildings. Those
of Lough Kinale are Chapel Island and Bruree : the for-
mer has the ruins of an old church on it ; the latter is
planted. The other more remarkable lakes are Loughs
Bon, Bonnow, Drum, Derry, Drumurry, Doogary, Gur-
teen, Tully, and Glin : the last-named, which is on the
borders of the county eastward of Edgeworthstown, re-
ceives several streams from the north and west, and
empties its waters by a winding river into Lough Iron,
in the county of Westmeath. The Shannon is the
boundary along the whole western verge of the county,
separating it from Connaught, and for the greater part
of its course presents more the appearance of a lake
than of a river : near the north-western boundary of
Longford is Lough Forbes, about five miles long by one
broad ; and at Lanesborough is the commencement of
Lough Ree, a noble expanse of water extending from
that town to the neighbourhood of Athlone. The islands
of this latter lake are numerous, and some of them
large ; those which may be considered to belong to the
county of Longford are All Saints, Inchban, Innisbofin,
Inniscloran, Quakers' Island, and Inchynough.
The SOIL is exceedingly various, changing from a
light thin mould to a deep loamy clay, without any
apparent variation in the geological arrangement : much
of the north is in a state of nature ; and the practica-
bility of reclaiming and cultivating there, to any profit-
able purpose, is exceedingly doubtful. Towards the
south, the prevailing character is a rich vegetable mould
resting on blue clay, very retentive of moisture, and
based on a stratum of yellow marl, two or three feet
thick, ultimately resting either on an excellent marl or
on limestone-gravel. In this part of the county, every
kind of grain and green crop may be cultivated to the
greatest advantage. The barony of Granard is mostly
good land, producing a short, close, and sweet herbage ;
the elevated district between Edgeworthstown and Long-
ford has a soil which yields abundant crops of grain, but
westward of the latter place, except in the immediate
neighbourhood of Newtown-Forbes, the land is much
encumbered with surface water, the injurious etfects of
which could be easily obviated by a judicious system of
draining. The level parts of the county are mostly in
pasture, producing great varieties of acidulous plants,
occasioned by the overflowing of the rivers, or by the
accumulation of surface water : these meadows, if pro-
perly drained and secured, would rank among some of
the best in Ireland. Bogs are very numerous in many
parts of the county, and every where capable of drainage
and reclamation ; but in consequence of the water being
suffered to remain in them, numerous gullies or swallows
LONG
L O N G
are formed, which though always full never run over,
although numerous small streams flow into them ;
whence it is evident that their waters must find a sub-
terraneous passage to the Shannon, the Inny, or some
other river, thus silently but forcibly pointing out the
means by which the land may be made available to the
service of man. The chief crops are oats and potatoes,
but the sowing of wheat and barley is becoming more
general ; and flax, rape, clover, turnips, and vetches are
sometimes sown. Rape thrives peculiarly well on boggy
soil, and the produce is every where very great. The
practice of laying down land with grass or clover seeds,
is gaining ground every year. All the surplus grain
is purchased in Longford and other markets, and
sent down the Royal Canal to Dublin or Drogheda.
The agricultural implements are of an inferior de-
scription, except with the gentry and wealthier farmers ;
one-horse carts are universal.
Great improvements have been made in the breed of
CATTLE ; the short-horned stock appears to be a decided
favourite. A cross between the Durham and the long-
horned native breed grows to a good size, and fattens
well. Although this is not a sheep-feeding country,
the breed of that useful and profitable animal has
not been neglected ; the New Leicester is a favourite
with all the large landholders, but a cross between it
and the small short-wooUed sheep of the country suits
the light and upland soils better. The horses are chiefly
of a slight active breed, well adapted for light harness,
but not equal as saddle-horses to those of Roscommon,
Gahvay, and Sligo. Pigs are universally kept, and of
every possible variety of breed ; they are fattened for
the merchants and curers of Longford, who ship great
quantities of pork and bacon for Dublin, London, and
Liverpool. Dairies upon an extensive scale are not very
general, but great quantities of butter are made, and
chiefly sold in Longford and Ballymahon for the English
markets. The meadows in the lower districts produce
hay in great abundance, but it is much mixed with
rushes and other aquatic plants ; it is every where cut
too late in the season, the mowing seldom beginning till
September, and is badly managed. Woods are rare :
the land is well adapted to the growth of timber, and in
many places throws up shoots spontaneously, particularly
of oak, hazel, alder, and birch, which only require the
protecting hand of man to attain their full growth ; but
cattle are every where suffered to browse upon them,
and hence nothing but brushwood and stunted bushes
remain. There is some old timber at Castle Forbes,
which, together with the plantations around Newtown-
Forbes, shews to great advantage ; also good plantations
at Edgeworthstown, near Granard, on the shores of the
lakes, on the road between Longford and Edgeworths-
town, and in a few other places. The fences are gene-
rally good, being for the most part ditches faced with
sods or stones, and having quickset hedges planted on
the breast. Draining and irrigation appear to be quite
unknown here, although no district in the province re-
quires them more. The scented myrtle is found in all
the bogs, which every where present an ample field for
the pursuits of the botanist, as the plants are nume-
rous and many rare species are found, particularly in
the barony of Longford. Orchards and gardens are
sometimes seen near the small farmhouses, and add
greatly to their comfortable appearance.
The OEOLOGv of Longford may be briefly noticed.
The northern boundary of the great limestone field of
Ireland passes througli this county, frirming part of
the hilly tract which, rising in the north-eastern part
of it, proceeds into several of the northern countief.
The line of division between the limestone and clay-slate
proceeds from the Camlin river, near Longford, by St.
Johnstown, between Lough Kinale and Lough Gownagh,
to the head of Lough Shcelin. The portion of the
county to the south of this line is based on limestone,
the general range of which approaches to the east and
west, with the dip towards the south. An isolated mass
of sandstone forms within the limestone field the liill of
Slieve Goldry, near Ardagh ; and another at Ballymahon,
extends on both sides to the Inny ; this kind of rock
may also be observed to the west of the clay-slate forma-
tion, in the north-western extremity of the county, occu-
pying hkewise, beyond its limits, a considerable space
on both sides of the Shannon in the counties of Ros-
common and Leitrim ; and on the hill at Shroid, a little
east of Longford, conglomerate of a compact structure
crosses the country in a very extraordinary manner,
rising in wavy undulations, frequently submerging,
and again presenting itself on the surface. There are
numerous escars in all the level districts, forming a
portion of the great chain which passes from the coast
of Killala bay, through the centre of the island, to
Lough Neagh. Here, as in every other part of their
course, they are formed of fragments of primitive and
secondary rocks, evidently rounded by attrition ; but
the greater portion of nodules in the escars of this county
are of limestone ; and near the base, in almost every
instance, are quantities of fine calcareous sand and
marl, which are every where used as manure, and, on
some kinds of land, are far more beneficial than lime.
Notwithstanding the ab\mdance of limestone, sandstone,
and gravel, pure water is rather scarce. At Ledwiths-
town is a spring of excellent water gushing out of the
marble rock in a copious stream, which is very highly
esteemed.
The mineral treasures of Longford are few. Lead-
ore has been found in several of the limestone-quar-
ries, but no practical efforts have yet been made to
trace out the vein ; it has also been found in some
of the mountain s^treams, and even turned up by the
plough. Ochres of various colours are common. Near
the shores of Lough Gownagh are extensive rocks of
ironstone of a very superior kind, equal to the best
Swedish ore; and the rocks seem to be inexhaustible,
not being detached, or in thin layers like those of the
Arigna district, but regular in formation and of a deep-
red colour. Coal-shale appears in several places around
Burlaghy, and near Lough Gownagh ;. but from the
situation and arrangement of the contiguous strata, iu
continuation is doubtful. Near Ledwithstown, and in
some other places, marble of a deep-grey colour is very
abundant ; it takes a high polish, and is worked into
chimney-pieces and other domestic ornaments. .\n
analysis of the blue marl that forms a bed more than
ten feet thick under the bog near the Inny, gave, of
carbonate of lime 44.4 parts, carbonate of magnesia
1.4, alumine 27',', and silex '27-0. The white marl of
the same district gave, of carbonate of lime 87.3 parts,
bog-stuff and vegetable matter 10.7, alumine 1. 0, silex
0.9, and oxyde of iron 0.1. The blue clay under the
LONG
LONG
bog near the Shannon gave, of carbonate of lirae 53.0
parts, alumine 36.0, silex 11.0.
Coarse linen-cloth, and linen-yarn, are manufactured
to some extent, and sent to markets in other counties :
the first earl of Granard took great pains to introduce
this branch of manufacture among his tenantry at New-
town-Foibes. Flannels, friezes, and linsey-woolseys,
chiefly for domestic consumption, are manufactured in
several places. The rivers that water the interior of the
county are the Camliii and the Keenagh. The source of
the former is amid the numerous springs around Gra-
nard : its course is uncommonly winding, in conse-
quence of the flatness of the vallej- through which it
flows after quitting the hill of Granard, insomuch that
the country is flooded to a great extent in winter ; it
runs westward, and joins the Shannon at Tarmonbarry.
The latter rises in the south, and flows northward to the
Shannon. The Fallen and Owiiamouiit are insignificant
streams. The Inny, which forms part of the southern
boundary of the county, flows through a beautiful and
rich country in a winding course, by Ballymahon, to
Lough Ree : it contains salmon, trout, pike, perch,
roach, tench, bream, and eels ; the last are highly
esteemed. It is said that since the introduction of
perch, all other kinds of fish except eels have grown
scarce both in Lough Ree and in the Liny. Few rivers
present so many facilities as this for water-carriage ;
its course is very slow. The total fall from Finea to the
Shannon is 90 feet ; and the main obstructions to its
navigation are a ridge of rocks between Newcastle and
Ballymahon, and two shallows between the latter town
and the Shannon. The Royal Canal enters the county
from Westmeath, by an aqueduct over the Inny near
TenelHck, passing westward by Ballymahon, Keenagh,
and Mosstown, to Killashee, whence a branch leads
northward to the town of Longford, while the main line
from the junction continues westward until it joins the
Shannon at Richmond Harbour, a mile below Tarmon-
barry. This line of communication, through the heart
of the country, is of the greatest advantage to commer-
cial interests ; boats of "20 tons convey bulky articles,
and fly-boats, travelling at the rate of 7 miles an hour,
ply constantly between Longford and Dublin. The
Roads are numerous and well laid out, and the material
of which they are made is abundant and of very good
quality ; but in general they are very wet throughout
every part, a defect arising entirely from want of due
attention to keep the water-courses open.
The REMAINS of remote .\NTiauiTY are very few in
number. A large rath, usually called the Moat of
Granard, stands at one end of the main street of that
town ; another, called Lisardowlin, situated near the
road from Longford to Edgeworthstown, is by the people
of this country generally believed to be the centre of
Ireland. Monastic institutions were numerous, and for
the most part held in great veneration, and well endowed.
Abbeyshrule belonged to the Canons Regular ; Ardagh,
to the Franciscans ; and Lerha or Laragh, to the Cis-
tercians : the wealthy abbey of Longford was founded
by the O'Farrels ; there were also abbeys or priories at
Moydow, Clone, Clonebrone, Dcrg, Druimchei, and
Killinmore, besides those on the islands of Innismorey,
Innisbofin, Inniscloran, and All Saints. Ruins of all
the above still remain ; but of the priories at Ballyna-
saggard, Kilglass, and St. Johnstown, no vestiges of the
original buildings remain, and their actual site is matter
of doubt. At Lanesborough are the ruins of a collegiate
church, or preceptory, originally founded by the Knights
Templars. The remains of ancient castles are not so
numerous here as in most of the other level counties.
Granard Castle is built on a hill rising to a considerable
height above the town, and commanding an extensive
view over all the flat country. Besides Castle Forbes,
the Forbes family had a fortified mansion at Longford,
which was burned by the O'Nials in 160.5. At Tenellick
is the ruin of a strong castle, and near Ballymahon are
the remains of two others. There are still remains of
Rathcline Castle, the chief residence of the O'Cuins ;
and, not far from it, the ruins of a very ancient church.
At Ballymahon was a strong castle erected to defend the
ford of the Inny, the only traces of which are the cellars,
under a house built on its ruins. Barnacor Castle and
Lot's Castle, on the Inny, on the opposite banks, were
both erected to protect the important pass or ford
of that river ; and at Castlecor are some remains of
its ancient fortress. Fossil remains of various kinds
have been discovered in the limestone caverns and
fissures ; many of them are of animals unknown in
these regions, and several of species now extinct in Ire-
land. The bones and horns of the elk have been dug
up in the marl at the foot of the Escars, and beneath
several of the bogs ; also, in a small lake near Ballinalee
the antlers and bones of the red-deer are often found
quite sound, having been preserved by the antiseptic
properties of the bog-water.
There are but few resident noblemen, or gentry of
large estates : the mansions and demesnes deserving
of notice are described in their respective parishes. In
few parts of Ireland can persons of limited income live
cheaper or better than here. The towns have plentiful
and cheap markets for beef, mutton, fowl, and fresh-
water fish, wild-fowl in abundance, and the water-fowl
free from the fishy flavour of those from the sea-coast :
cod and haddock from Galway, and oysters from the
same shores, may be obtained at moderate prices. The
diet, and mode of living, of the small farmers and others,
are very indifferent ; they scarcely ever taste flesh meat,
and not often any thing but potatoes : yet they are
strong, healthy, and active, and their general appear-
ance is prepossessing. The women wear scarlet cloaks,
with hoods, which they seldom use, as they cover their
heads with handkerchiefs : the rest of their dress con-
sists indifTerently of cotton chequer and linsey-woolsey.
The people of the lowest order travel barefoot, carrying
their shoes and stockings in their hands, till they draw-
near their place of destination ; their fuel is invariably
turf, which can be procured in great abundance and of
very superior quality. Coal is sometimes brought by
the canal, for the use of the wealthier classes ; but even
these generally burn turf. The prevalent diseases are,
inflammatory and putrid fever in summer and autumn,
and ague, which latter is generally contracted in Meath,
whither the labourers go to the harvest, and where they
suffer much from the scarcity of fuel, which they enjoy
in plenty at home. The lower orders are shrewd, intel-
ligent, and industrious, fond of manly exercises and
amusements, such as foot-ball, hurling, and wrestling,
but on Sunday evenings the chief and invariable amuse-
ment is dancing. They are of a very proud and inde-
pendent spirit, which manifests itself most conspicuously
L O N G
L o N c;
in their great repugnance to hire as servants, an occu-
pation considered by them to be highly disreputable ;
hence they remain at home, living in penury in a cabin
and on a small patch of ground. They are exceedingly
litigious, ever ready to have recourse to the law upon
the most trivial subjects ; they are also extremely
superstitious. Tlie first day of the year, and of the
month or week, is considered the most proper time to
commence an undertaking. No one removes to a new
habitation on a Friday. A large candle is lighted on
Christmas- night, and suffered to burn out : should it be
extinguished by accident, or otherwise, before it be com-
pletely burned away, it is considered as a certain prog-
nostic of the death of the head of the family. The 1st
of May, and Midsummer-day, are observed with great
regularity, as are all the other festivals usual throughout
the country ; that of Hallow-Eve concludes with a
supper of boiled wheat buttered and sweetened, called
Granbree. In the summer months, many individuals
set out on pilgrimages either to holy wells in the vicinity,
or to Lough Derg, in Donegal, to which latter place per-
sons in affluent circumstances have been known to walk
barefoot as a penance. The places at which violent or
sudden deaths have occurred, particularly if near a road,
are marked by heaps of stones, to which every passenger
deems it a duty incumbent on him to add one. The
Irish language is scarcely ever heard, except in the
mountainous districts among the old people ; adults
and children every where speak English. Of the ancient
families of this county, scarce any traces now remain :
titles of the most romantic kind were assumed and
borne by the heads of several clans, all of which have
long since fallen into disuse.
LONGFORD, a market
and post town, the head of
a union, and formerly a par-
liamentary borough, in the
parish of Te.mplemichael,
)artly in the barony of
Longford, but chiefly in
that of Ard.\gh, county of
Longford (of which it is
the chief town), and pro-
vince of Leinster, '20 miles
(X. W.) from Mullingar, and
5Si (W.N. W.) from Dublin,
on the coach-road to Carrick-on-Shannon ; contain-
ing 4966 inhabitants. This place, anciently called
Athfadha, was at a very early period the site of a monas-
tery, of which St. Idus, a disciple of St. Patrick, was
abbot ; and in 1400 a Dominican abbey was founded
here in honour of the Blessed Virgin, by O'Ferral,
Prince of Annaly. The latter building was destroyed
by fire in 14'29; and Pope Martin V., and his successor,
Eugene IV., granted indulgences to all who should con-
tribute to its restoration. The establishment appears
to have subsisted till the Dissolution, after which it was
successively granted to different parties in the reigns of
Mary and Elizabeth, and was finally given to Francis,
Viscount Valentia, in 16I5, by James I., who had pre-
viously allowed a market and fair to be held at this
place. Francis, Lord Aungier, becoming proprietor of
the town, obtained from the same monarch the grant of
an additional market, and two more fairs, in I6l9. The
castle, which from its strength had become a post of
Vol. II.— 373
--t'^^a
Seal.
importance, was, in 1641, taken by the insurgents for
the O'Farrels or O'Ferrals, and the garrison put to the
sword. Francis, Lord Aungier, Baron of Longf<ird, in
16.")", obtained from Charles II. the erection of his landn
into a manor, with the power of holding a court of
record before his seneschal, with jurisdiction to the
amount of £200 ; of appointing bailiffs for his manor
court ; and maintaining a gaol for the manor and town
of Longford, which place, under the same charter, was
incorporated by the designation of the " Sovereign,
Bailiffs, and Burgesses of the Borough and Town of
Longford."
The TosvN is situated on the small river Camlin, and
in 1841, contained 804 houses, many of which are well
built and of handsome appearance ; the streets are
watched, cleansed, and paved, under the act 9th (ieorge
IV., cap. 8'2, by assessments on all houses above the
value of £5 per annum. At the end of the principal
street are cavalry barracks, adapted for 9 officers and
'2'2'2 non-commissioned officers and privates, with stabling
for 14~ horses, and an hospital for "24 patients. About
half a mile beyond these are artillery barracks for 4
officers and 136 non-commissioned oflicers and privates,
with stabling for 55 horses, and an hospital for 16
patients. The trade of the town has considerably
increased since the extension into it of a branch from
the Royal Canal, and it now ranks among the best
markets for grain, pork, bacon, and butter. The linen
trade has revived, but not to its former extent. In the
excise arrangements Longford is within the district of
Athlone. A branch of the Bank of Ireland has been
established since 1834, as also a branch of the National
Bank ; a spacious market-house, and corn-stores along
the canal, have been erected by the Earl of Longford ;
several new houses have been built, and some new
streets laid out, and the town is rapidly improving.
There is a large distillery, in which, on an average,
about 50,000 gallons of whisky are annually made, and
35 men employed ; there are also a large brewery and
a tannery. At the termination of the new cut from the
Royal Canal, a basin for boats has been constructed by
the Earl of Longford, who has also erected a butter-
market and some shambles at his own expense. A
passage-boat to Dublin plies daily on the canal, afford-
ing facility of intercourse with the metropolis and other
towns ; and the situation and other local advantages of
the town are favourable to the extension of its trade.
An act was passed in 1845 for making a railway from
Dublin to Mullingar and Longford, to be called the
"Midland Great Western Railway of Ireland:" this
line is to run chiefly upon the banks of the canal, which
has been purchased by the Railway Company. One part
of the original scheme, consisting of a line branching
from Mullingar to Athlone, has been relinquished for a
time in consequence of the opposition of the projected
Dublin and Galway railway ; that line, however, having
been defeated in the session of 1845, the Midland Great
Western Company propose to apply for powers to ex-
tend this line, in one direction from Mullingar, by Ath-
lone, to Galway, and in another, from its present ter-
mination at Longford, to Sligo. The length of the line
to Longford will be 77^ British miles; and the capital
of the company is one million, with power to raise
£333,000 by loans. The markets are on Wednesday
and Saturday ; the latter, which is the principal market,
i N
LONG
is amply supplied with corn, butter, bacon, pigs, hemp,
and flax, and is numerously attended. The fairs are on
March 25th, June 10th, Aug. 19th, and Oct. 22nd ; the
June and October fairs are most frequented.
The corporation, which was dissolved by the act 3rd
and 4th Victoria, cap. lOS, consisted of a sovereign, two
bailiffs, 12 burgesses, and an indefinite number of free-
men, assisted by a recorder, town-clerk, two serjeants-
at-mace, and inferior officers. The sovereign, who
might appoint a deputy, and was a justice of the peace,
coroner, and clerk-of-the-market, and the bailiffs, were
chosen annually from the burgesses on the Monday after
Christmas-day, and sworn into oflice on the Monday
after the 29th of September ; the burgesses filled up
vacancies as they occurred, by a majority of their own
body, by whom also freemen were admitted ; the re-
corder and town-clerk were appointed by the lord of the
manor, who was patron of the borough and generally
sovereign, and the inferior olficers by the corporation.
The corporation, by their charter, returned two members
to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough
was disfranchised. The manor courts have fallen almost
into disuse, trifling causes only being summarily decided
by the seneschal ; and the corporation, for some time
previously to its dissolution, exercised but few municipal
functions, having little more than a nominal existence.
A court was held by the deputy-sovereign on Monday
and Saturday, chiefly for the adjustment of claims for
labour. The assizes for the county are held here regu-
larly, and the quarter-sessions alternately here and at
Ballymahon ; petty-sessions are held at Newtown-
Forbes, about 2^ miles distant, and there is a chief
constabulary police station in the town. The court-
house is a neat building. A gaol, well adapted to the
classification of prisoners, was erected in 1825, on the
radiating principle, and contains 8 day-rooms and airing-
yards (in one of which is a tread-mill), with separate
cells for the prisoners, who are instructed by the school-
master and matron ; three looms are also kept in the
gaol, for the employment of such as can weave. To the
north-east of the tow7i is Carrickglass, the handsome
seat of the Right Hon. T. Lefroy, LL.D., a baron of the
exchequer; the demesne of which is watered by the
Camlin : in the vicinity are likewise Mount Jessop, the
residence of the Jessop family ; Clonbolt, of the Arm-
strongs ; and, about two miles distant, Castle Forbes,
the seat of the Earl of Grauard. The parish church, a
handsome edifice, is situated in the town ; and there are
a Roman Catholic chapel, and places of worship for
Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly,
and Wcsleyan Methodists. The county infirmary and
dispensary are in the town, and there are 12 houses,
built by Lord Longford, inhabited rent-free by the poor.
The workhouse of the union, on a site of 6|- acres held
at a rent of £35, was completed in 1841, at a cost of
£"000, and is constructed to contain 1000 paupers.
The town gives the title of Baron to the Takenham
family.
LONG-ISLAND, in the parish of Skull, union of
Skibbereen, Western division of the barony of West
C.\RBERY, county of Cork, and province of Munster,
4 miles (S. W.) from Skull, and on the south-west coast ;
containing about 260 inhabitants. It was formerly called
Innisfadda (the Irish for Long-Island), and the " Isle of
Dogsj" and it is traditionally stated that, in 830, such
274
LO R H
a violent tempest occurred that the sea broke over the
island, and forced it asunder into three parts. The isle
is situated on a fine harbour of the same name, and
forms one side of the entrance to Roaring- water bay :
though not more than a quarter of a mile wide, it is
nearly two mdes in length, and comprises about 154
acres of land, chiefly under tillage, and tolerably well
cultivated by the spade. The substratum is clay-slate,
in some places rising into rocky knolls, but even these
produce good herbage ; and corn and potatoes, more
than sufficient for the support of the inhabitants, are
produced : fuel, however, is extremely scarce. Most of
the men are engaged in fishing or as pilots. Here is a
detachment from the coast-guard station at Crook-
haven. The harbour is well sheltered, easy of access,
and capable of receiving the largest ships, which may
enter at either end of the island, care being taken to
avoid a spit of sand extending in a northern direction
more than half way across the channel, from about half
a mile within the east end of the island : the Kings'
sound is considered the safest entrance.
LONG WOOD, a village, in the parish of Clonard,
union of Trim, barony of Upper Moyfenragh, county
of Meath, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (E. N. E.)
from Clonard, and near the great western road from
Dublin to Connaught ; containing 587" inhabitants. It
is situated on the river Blackwater, and comprises 121
houses. Here is a station of the constabulary police ;
petty-sessions are held on alternate Tuesdays, and fairs
on Feb. 2nd, Whit-Tuesday, July 12th, and Dec. 11th.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the village is the head
of a district, comprising part of the parish of Clonard
and the entire of Killyon, and containing the chapels of
Longwood and Killyon ; the former, situated near the
village, is a large plain edifice. — See Clonard.
LORHA, or Lorragh, a parish, in the union of
Parsonstown, barony of Lower Ormond, county of
TippERARY, and province of Munster, 8^ miles (W.)
from Parsonstown, on the road to Portumna ; contain-
ing 4/42 inhabitants, of whom 312 are in the village.
This place was anciently distinguished for its religious
establishments, the earhest of which was an abbey for
Canons Regular, founded by St. Ruadan, who presided
here over 150 monks and died in 584. The establish-
ment appears to have flourished without interruption till
844, when, according to Archdall, Turgesius, with his
Norwegian forces, destroyed the town ; he was soon
after taken prisoner by Maolseachlain, King of Meath,
and drowned in Lough Ainin. After its restoration the
abbey was destroyed by accidental fires in 1154 and
1 157, and in 1 179 the town was destroyed by fire. The
hand of St. Ruadan was preserved in a silver case in this
abbey till its suppression. A Dominican friary, also,
was founded here in 1269, by Walter de Burgh, Earl of
Ulster; in which, in 16S8, a provincial chapter of the
order was held, when 150 friars clothed in their proper
habits assisted. The parish comprises 16,521 statute
acres : the land in cultivation is of good quality, and
the system of agriculture improving ; the scenery is
pleasingly diversified, and derives much interest from
the venerable ruins of the abbey and friary. The prin-
cipal seats are, Abbeville ; Portland ; Belle-Isle, of
Lord Avonraore ; Harvest Lodge ; Ballymacegan ; Kil-
carron ; and Grange. The village, containing 56 houses,
is pleasantly situated within three miles of the river Shan-
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LO UG
non i and has a receiving-bouse for letters in connexion
with the office of Burris-o'Kane.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Killaloe, forming part of the union of Aglishcloghane or
Lorha; the tithe rent-charge is £3'27. ~. The glebe-
house was built in 1816 by the then incumbent, aided by
a gift of £100 and a loan of £ViO() from the Board of
First Fruits, and is a handsome residence ; the glebe of
the union comprises 10 acres. The church has been
repaired by a grant of £113 from the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. There is also a church at Dorrha,
in the union. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
parish of Dorrha ; the chapel here is a plain modern
building near the ruins of the Dominican friary, and there
is a chapel at Dorrha. A school was erected in 1S3'2,
on a site given, with a liberal subscription, by Mr.
Toone ; the expense of the building was £150, towards
■which the National Board contributed £70. There are
several other schools ; and a dispensary. The remains
of the Dominican abbey, the walls of which are nearly
entire, are situated in a fertile spot on a rivulet which
falls into the Shannon ; the prevailing character is the
early English style. The western gable is surmounted
by a small belfry turret, and above the entrance is a
handsome window ; the bell, which at the suppression
of the monastery had been taken down and hid in a
field, was discovered about 40 years since, and restored :
the interior of the edifice contains several mural tablets,
one of which bears the arms of the Mac Egan family.
There are some ruins of Ballyquirk Castle, near which is
the modern house of that name ; and also of Lackeen
Castle.
LORUM, a parish, in the barony of Idrone East,
union and county of Carlow, and province of Lein-
STER, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from Leighlin-Bridge, and on
the road from Carlow to New Ross ; containing 1493
inhabitants. It comprises 5345 statute acres, and con-
tains the seats of Corrowmore, the property of the Rud-
kln family; Corris; and Kilgreaney. The living is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Leighlin, episcopally united
to the vicarages of Slyguffe and Ballyellin, and aug-
mented by the rectory of BallyeUin under the provisions
of the 11th and 12th of William III., cap. 2. together
constituting the union of Lorum, in the gift of the
Bishop : the rectory is impropriate in Lord Cloncurry.
The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £220. 13. 6., of
which two-thirds are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the vicar ; the tithe of the entire
benefice of the vicar is £456. IS. 6. There is no glebe-
house or glebe. The church was completed in 1S40, at
a cost of £1489, of which £833 were from the funds of
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and £656 private sub-
scriptions. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Bagnalstown, and has a
chapel at Ballinkellin. The parochial school was built,
and is supported, by subscription ; in the national
school about 160 children are educated : there is also
a Sunday school.
LOUGIIBEG, a village, in the parish of Barxahely,
union of Cork, barony of Kerricurrihy, county of
Cork, and province of Munster ; containing 48 houses,
and 250 inhabitants.
LOUGHBRACCAN, a parish, in the union of
Ardee, barony of Lower Slane, county of Meath,
275
and province of Lei.nster, 2 miles (E.) from Nobber,
and on the road from Dublin, by Slane, to Londonderry ;
containing 659 inhabitants. It comprises 2 I59j statute
acres : the land, which is of good quality, is partly in
tillage and partly in pasture. The parish is a rectory,
in the diocese of Meath, entirely appropriate to the see :
the tithe rent-charge is £83. 14. For the performance
of clerical duties Loughbraccan forms part of the per-
petual curacy of Nobber ; and in the Roman Catholic
divisions, part of the district of Drumconra. The ruins
of the church, which stand on the summit of a hill, have
a striking appearance.
LOUGHBRICKLAND, a post-town, in the parish of
Aguaderg, union of Banuridge, barony of Ui-per
IvEAGH, county of Dow.s, and province of Ulster,
8 miles (.\. E.) from Newry, and 58^ (N.) from Dublin,
on the road from Newry to Belfast ; containing 647 in-
habitants. This town, which is prettily situated on the
lake from which it takes its name, owes its rise to Sir
Marmaduke Whitchurch, to whom Queen Elizabeth, in
1585, granted the adjacent lands. Sir Marmaduke built
a castle on the shore of the lake, for the protection of a
pass where three roads united, and, soon after, a church
and a mill ; and laid the foundation of a town, in which
a Protestant colony was settled, and for which he ob-
tained the grant of a market and two fairs. In 1641
the castle was dismantled, and the town and church were
destroyed by fire ; in this desolate condition the place
remained till 1688, when the church was rebuilt and the
town began gradually to improve. It consists of one
principal street, from which two smaller streets branch
off; and contains 134 houses, most of them well built
and of handsome appearance : the whole town has a cheer-
ful and thriving aspect. The lake, which is supposed to
have taken its name from the speckled trout with which
it is said to have formerly abounded, comprises an area
of about 70 Irish acres, and is bordered on its western
side by the road to Belfast ; it forms the summit level
of the Newry canal, to which its waters are conveyed
through Lough Shark, and is itself supplied from a
spring within, its superfluous water escaping through a
sluice at the north-western extremity. Fairs are held
on the third Tuesday in every month, for horses, cattle,
pigs, and pedlcry. There are several seat.s in the im-
mediate neighbourhood. The parish church, a hand-
some edifice with a square tower and octagonal spire, is
situated in the centre of the town ; and nearly opposite
to it is the Roman Catholic chapel, in the later English
style, built at an expense of £1700 on a site presented
by N. C. Whyte, Esq., who also gave £400 towards its
erection. There are places of worship for Presbyterians
and Primitive Methodists. On the shore of the lake is
a modern house, erected in 1812 on the site of the
ancient castle, which was then taken down. Tlie Danes,
who had ravaged the north of Ireland, were defeated
here by the Irish uuder Mac Lorriagh, in 1187.— See
Aghaderg.
LOUGHCREW, a parish, in the union of Oldcas-
tle, barony of Demifore, county of Me.\th, and pro-
vince of Leixster, 2i miles (,S. S. E.) from Oldcastle,
on the road to Kells ; containing 1412 inhabitants. It
comprises 59S1J statute acres; there is no waste or
unprofitable land, and the state of agriculture is improv-
ing, the drill system and a better description of stock
haTing been lately introduced. There are quarries of
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LO UG
good building-stone ; and at the hamlet of ^Nlillbrook
are some mills. Loughcrew House, the residence of
the Napier family, is a magnificent structure in the
Grecian-Ionic style, erected from designs by Mr.
Cockerell, of Loudon; it is faced entirely with hewn
limestone, has a noble portico, and contains some good
paintings by the old masters. The mansion, the out-
offices (which are of a superior order), and the improve-
ments in the demesne, are stated to have cost upwards
of £80,000. The demesne comprises about 900 plan-
tation acres, of which nearly 200 are planted ; the
principal approach is by a lodge of elegant design, and
the scenery in the vicinity is of a pleasing character.
The LIVING is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath,
united by act of council, in 168<2, to the rectory of
Moylough and the vicarage of Diamor, and by epis-
copal authority, in 1815, to the rectory of Russagh or
Clonabreny, together constituting the union of Lough-
crew, in the patronage of the Crown : the rectory is
impropriate in E. Rotheram, of Crossdrum, Esq. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £1'24. 12. 4., payable
in equal portions to the impropriator and vicar ; and
the entire tithe of the benefice of the incumbent is
£■277. 5. 6. The glebe-house was built in 1821, at an
expense of £1879, of which £1275 were granted as a
loan by the late Board of First Fruits, £100 as a gift,
and the remainder was defrayed by the incumbent. The
glebe comprises 40 plantation acres, valued at £50
British per annum ; part of which is subject to a rent
of £32. 15. The church, an ancient structure, for the
repair of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners some
years ago granted £181, has been recently pulled down,
and a new one erected, at the cost of £1270, of which
£500 were raised by subscription, and £770 were a
grant from the same commissioners. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Oldcastle, and has a chapel at Loughcrew.
LOUGH DERG.— See Templecarne.
LOUGHGALL, or Levalley-Eglish, a post-town
and parish, partly in the barony of Armagh, but chiefly
in that of ONeilland West, union and county of Ar-
magh, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (N. E.) from
Armagh, and 70 (X.) from Dublin, on the great north
road from Derry, through Dungannon, to Armagh ; con-
taining 9615 inhabitants, of whom 394 are in the town.
The parish is bounded on the north by the river Black-
water, and comprises, with the district parish of Charle-
mont, 10,924i statute acres, of which 2449| are in the
barony of Armagh, and the remainder in ONeilland
West ; 59| acres are water, and of the land about two-
thirds are exceedingly rich and fertile, and the remain-
der of inferior quality. The system of agriculture has
been highly improved under the auspices of the resident
gentry, and excellent crops are raised ; there is some
valuable bog, but no waste land. Limestone abounds,
and is extensively quarried for agricultural purposes
and tor repairing the roads. The weaving of linen-
cloth is carried on here to a considerable extent, afford-
mg employment to more than 600 persons, who are
engaged by the manufacturers and bleachers of Ban-
bridge. The principal seats are, Drumilly, an ancient
mansion with two lofty square towers projecting from
the front, and overlooking the village ; Hockley Lodge ;
Ardress ; Green Hall ; Summer Island, belonging to
Colonel Sir W. Verner ; Eden Cottage ; Cloven Eden ■
276
and Loughgall House. The fine demesne of Castle-
Dillon, the seat of Sir Thos. Molyneux, which is de-
scribed particularly in the account of Richhill, is partly
in this parish and partly in that of Armagh. The vil-
lage or town, though small, is beautifully situated in a
fertile valley in the midst of a richly cultivated and
picturesque country ; and consists of 7 1 houses, the
greater number of which are large, well built, and of
handsome appearance. There is a market-house ; but
the market, and also four fairs which were formerly
held, have been discontinued. A constabulary police
force is stationed here ; and a manorial court is held
monthly before the seneschal, for the recovery of debts
not exceeding 40i.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh,
constituting the corps of the prebend of Loughgall in
the cathedral of Armagh, and in the patronage of the
Lord-Primate : the tithe rent-charge is £384. 7. 6. The
glebe-house is a handsome residence, on which, in
1782, £220. 17- were expended in improvements; the
glebe comprises 139| statute acres, valued at £179 per
annum, which, together with houses and gardens in the
village, valued at £48. 5., makes the whole value of the
prebend £611. 12. 6. per annum. The church, a neat
edifice in the early English style, with a square tower,
vias built in 1795 by subscription and assessments ; a
gallery was added to it in 1822, at an expense of
£110. 15., and it has been since repaired by a grant of
£110 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The
building is of hewn marble ; the interior is elegantly
arranged, and contains a handsome cenotaph to Bishop
Cope, who was for some time curate of the parish.
There is a district church at Charlemont, the living of
which is a perpetual curacy. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
also that of Tartaragan ; in each parish is a chapel.
There is a place of worship for Presbyterians in con-
nexion with the General Assembly, and at Ballymager-
ney is a place of worship for Methodists. Of several
schools, one was endowed with a school-house and two
acres of land by Colonel Cope, and is supported by the
trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity ; three are sup-
ported by Mr. Cope, and one by donations from the
incumbent and Sir T. Molyneux. Nearly in the centre
of the village are the ruins of the ancient church, of
which the western gable and turret are nearly entire.
LOUGHGILLY, a parish, partly in the barony of
Lower Fews, and partly in that of Upper Fews, but
chiefly in the barony of Lower Orior, or Orier,
union of Newry, county of Armagh, and province of
Ulster, 4 miles (E. S. E.) from Market-Hill, and on the
road from Armagh to Newry ; containing, with the dis-
trict parish of Baleek and the village of Mountnorris
{which see), 9S52 inhabitants. This parish, which takes
its name from the lake on which it is situated, comprises
16,029| statute acres, including 80^ of water; 5299
are in Lower Fews, 2289^ in Upper Fews, and 8441^ in
Lower Orior. The lake extended several miles in length
from Poyntz-Pass to Mountnorris, forming a continued
morass, and fortified by a military post at the former
place, and at the latter by another erected by General
Norris, from whom that station had its name; but
with the exception of about 3 acres of water near the
glebe-house, the whole has been drained and brought
into cultivation. The land in the parish is fertile :
L O U G
L o r c.
about three-fourths are under tillage, and in a very
high state of cultivation; the remainder, though in
some parts rocky, affords good pasture. Slate is found,
but the quarries are not at present worked. There are
several substantial and some handsome houses, the prin-
cipal of which is Gleuanne, an elegant residence. In the
southern part of the parish is a small lake, called Shaw's
Lough, from which a stream flows through Glcnanne.
This stream was a convenient site for some extensive
mills for spinning cotton and weaving calico, in which
were 170 power-looms, affording employment to nearly
300 persons ; the mills were lately burned down, and
for the last two years have been in ruins. There are
still, however, bleach-greens and other mills here, in
which manufactured goods are finished for the English
markets ; and in the townland of Tullyallen are two
large mills for finishing linen-cloth. Since the esta-
blishment of these works, the proprietor has planted a
great portion of mountainous and rocky land, intro-
duced a good practical system of agriculture, and much
improved the entire neighbourhood. A manorial court
for the district of Baleek is held every month, in which
debts to the amount of 40s. are recoverable. Baleek
was separated from this parish in 18*26, and erected
into a perpetual curacy.
The living of Loughgilly is a rectory, in the diocese
of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Lord-Primate;
the tithe rent-charge is £695. 3. 9. The glebe-house
was built in 17S'2, and subsequently enlarged and im-
proved ; the glebe comprises 500 statute acres. The
church is a spacious and handsome edifice with a tower,
originally built at an expense of £1384. \'2., a loan
from the late Board of First Fruits, and rebuilt in 1S'2S
by aid of a gift of £830. 15. from the same Board. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of
a district, comprising also the parishes of Ballymoyer
and Baleek ; in each is a chapel. There are three
places of worship for Presbyterians and one for Cove-
nanters. Of eleven schools, the male parochial school
is supported by the trustees of Erasmus Smith's fund,
and the female school chiefly by the rector : the paro-
chial school-house was built on the glebe in 1813, at an
expense of £'250. A school-house for males and females
has been built at Mullaghmore by the Education Society,
who have endowed it with £35 per annum from the
surplus funds of the collegiate school at Armagh, which
latter was founded by Charles I., who granted seven
townlands in this parish for the foundation of a school
at Mountnorris, which was some years afterwards esta-
blished at Armagh. A school-house for males and
females has been lately built at Mountnorris by Mr.
Cope, who has endowed the school with £40 per annum.
Four unendowed almshouses were built by Dean Daw-
son, in 1811, for four aged women ; and the late Lord
Gosford bequeathed a sum of money, the interest of
which is annually distributed among the poor. During
the rebellion of the Earl of Tyrone, the garrison here
was put to the sword by the O'Donells ; it also suffered
greatly in the war of 1641, when a dreadful carnage
took place. There are several remains of fortifications
in the neighbourhood ; the " Tyrone Ditches " are near
the junction of the parish with the parishes of Killevy
and Ballymore ; but of the extensive fortress of Port-
Norris, or Mount-Norris, not a vestige can at the pre-
sent time be traced.
277
LOUGH GLINN, an ecclesiastical district, in the
union of C.isTLKKE.\, barony of Frkschi-akk, county of
RoscoMMO.N, and province of Co.n.nalght, 7 iniles
(S. \V.) from Frenchpark, on the road to UallyhauniH :
the population, and the number of acres, are returned
with the parish of Taughboyne or Tybohine. The land
is in general of inferior quality, and a large portion con-
sists of bog. The village, which contains 6'2 houses
and 301 inhabitants, is a station of the constabulary
police ; it has a receiving-house for letters under
Frenchpark and Clare; and a dispensary. Fairs are held
in May, July, October, and December. The living is a
perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Elpbin, and in the
patronage of the rector of Taughboyne, who allows a
stipend of £69- 4. 6. to the curate, augmented by £15
per annum from Primate Boulter's fund. The glebe-
house, built in 18'28 by aid of a gift of £450 and a loan
of £50 from the late Board of Fir.-st Fruits, stands on
a glebe of '20 acres, valued at £\2 per annum. The
church, a neat structure in good repair, built in 1815
by aid of a gift of £600 from the same Board, is situ-
ated a mile west of the village. In the Roman Catholic
divisions this district forms part of the union of Taugh-
boyne, and has a chapel in the village.
LOUGIIGUILE, or Lolghgekl, a parish, partly
in the barony of Kilconway, but chiefly in that of
Ui'i'EK Dlnluce, union of Ballymonev, county of
Antrim, and province of Ulster, 65 miles (E. S. E.f
from Ballymoney, and on the road from Ballymena to
Ballycastlc; containing 6082 inhabitants. This place
is celebrated for a battle which was fought on the Aura
mountain, between the Mac Quillans and Mac Donnells,
the former of whom were defeated ; and near the in-
trenchments that were thrown up on the occasion, and
of which there are still some remains, is a large cairn,
where the slain on both sides are said to have been
interred. The parish is situated on Lough Guile, and
intersected by the river Bush, which rises in the Cam-
brick mountain, and, after a bold and devious course
of 13 miles, falls into the sea at Bushmills. It com-
prises 30,165 statute acres, of which 6466^ are in the
barony of Kilconway, and '23,6S9| in Upper Dunluce :
595 are water; and of the land, about one-third is wild
and boggy pasture, and the remainder chiefly arable.
The surface is boldly undulated, rising in some ports
into lofty eminences, of which Mount Aura has an ele-
vation of 1530 feet. The soil is principally light and
gravelly, but in the valleys extremely fertile : the sys-
tem of agriculture has greatly improved since the decline
of the linen manufacture, and excellent crops are now
raised. Within the parish are some extensive tracts of
limestone, which is quarried, and burnt into lime, in
which a considerable trade is carried on : and there is
an ample supply of bog-turf. Lisanour Castle, situated
on the shores of the lough, was originally built by Sir
Philip Savage in the reign of John, and in 17'23 was
purchased by the ancestors of the Macartney family, of
whom George, Earl Macartney, was bom, and for some
time resided, here. The last remains of the ancient
building were removed in IS'29, on the erection of the
present mansion, which is beautifully situated in a fer-
tile valley romantically interspersed with woods and
lakes, and adorned with extensive and flourishing plan-
tations ; near the margin of one of the lakes is an
elegant cottage in the later English style, richly em-
I. O U G
bellished, and forming a picturesque feature in the
scenery of the vale. Fairs are held on the 19th of
Feb., June, Aug., and Nov., chiefly for horses, cattle,
pigs, and linen-yarn. A constabulary police force is
stationed here, and petty-session.s are held on alternate
Tuesdays.
On the death of Dr. Trail, the last chancellor of
Connor, and under Bishop Mant's act for dissolving the
union attached to the chancellorship of that see, the
LIVING, previously a vicarage, became a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Connor, and in the patronage
of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £3S6. 5. The
church, a small plain edifice with a tower surmounted
by a spire, was rebuilt in 1733, chiefly at the expense
of the Earl Macartney. The Roman Catholic parish is
co-extensive with that of the Established Church ; the
chapel is a spacious edifice, built in 17S5, near the en-
trance of Lisanour Castle. At Magheraboy is a place
of worship for Seceders. A dispensary affords medicine
and advice to the poor, who are visited at their own
dwellings when unable to attend. There are several
Danish forts in the parish.
LOUGHILL, a parish, in the union of Rathkeale,
barony of Shanid, county of Limerick, and province
of MuNSTER, Hi miles (N. W.) from Rathkeale, and on
the mail-road from Limerick to Tarbert ; containing
2100 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the south-
ern bank of the river Shannon, which is here about
three miles in breadth ; it comprises 5154 statute acres.
The land is in general rocky, and the soil light ; but
near the village it is of better quality, and the soil of
greater depth : about one-half is under tillage ; the
system of agriculture is gradually improving, but a con-
siderable portion is cultivated by spade labour. The
principal manure is sea-sand and sea-weed, either col-
lected on the slab, or brought from the opposite coast
of Clare. Throughout the whole of the lower or northern
part of the parish, are extensive beds of coal lying above
each other in five different strata ; the uppermost bed,
which is the thinnest, has been worked, but so ineffi-
ciently that, though the produce is of excellent quality,
coal is imported from England and Wales at a cheaper
rate, and the works have been consequently discontinued.
The substrata generally are silicious grit, greenstone,
and quartz, the last penetrating the entire country in
veins of considerable thickness, and in some parts nearly
white and of great purity. The principal seats are,
Mount-Trenchard, that of Lord Monteagle, a handsome
mansion formerly called Cappa, and beautifully situated
on the banks of the Shannon ; Rock Lodge ; Fairy
Lawn; Woodcliff; and Curragh. The village contains
53 houses, most of which are small thatched cabins.
Nearly adjoining Ouvane Cottage is a good quay, where
sloops may receive or deliver their cargoes. A receiving-
house for letters in the village is in connexion with Rath-
keale. Fairs are held at Mount-Trenchard in March,
June, September, and December.
The townland of Kilfergus, on which is the old church
of Glin, and the adjoining townland of Ballyoulihan,
though both in this parish, pay tithe to the rector of
Glin. In the townland of Knockabooley a singular
tenure prevails, by which the Bishop of Limerick is
enabled to grant leases for three lives ; whereas, in the
other townlands of the parish, he can grant leases only
for 21 years. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in
278
LOUG
the diocese of Limerick, forming part of the union and
corps of the precentorship of the cathedral of Limerick :
the tithe rent-charge is £71. 5- ; there is a glebe of 16
acres, but no glebe-house. The church, a small neat
edifice in the early English style, with a square tower,
was built in 1812, on a new site, by a loan of £800 from
the Board of First Fruits, in 1812; and the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners recently granted £116 for its
repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Glin ; the chapel is a large
plain edifice. About half a mile from the village are the
ruins of the old church ; and near the shore was a very
strong castle, said to have been the property of the
bishop of the diocese, which was taken down by the late
Mr. Hewson, who built a garden wall with the materials.
On the demesne of Woodcliffe is a piece of ground called
the Field of Sculls, where more than 100 skeletons have
been found ; and on the Curragh estate have been dug
up numerous brass coins of the reign of James I.
LOUGHIN-ISLAND, a parish, in the union of
DowNPATRiCK, barony of Kinelarty, county of Down,
and province of Ulster, on the road from Newry to
Downpatrick ; containing, with the post-town of Clough
and the villages of Seaforde and Anadorn {ichich see),
6.'J71 inhabitants. The parish comprises 12,485|- sta-
tute acres, of which 124f are water; about one-half of
the land is of the richest quality, and of the remainder,
with the exception of a small proportion of waste and
bog, the greater part is tolerably fertile. The linen
manufacture was established here in IS 15 by Mr. Cro-
mie, of Draper Hill ; and upwards of 30,000 webs are
now annually made from mill-spun yarn, by which
employment is afforded to not less than 2000 persons.
The principal seats are, Seaforde House, the splendid
mansion and demesne of the Forde family, noticed in
the article on Seaforde ; Ardilea, a handsome residence
near Clough ; and Draper Hill, about halfway between
Ballynahinch and CastlewiUiam.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Down,
having attached to it the precentorship of the cathedral
of the Holy Trinity in Down, and is in the patronage of
the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £412. 10. The
church, situated at Seaforde, on one of the conical hills
in which this part of the country abounds, is a plain
edifice in the Grecian style, with an octagonal spire of
wood covered with copper : the approach to it is by a
handsome avenue shaded by trees. It was built in
1720, previously to which time divine service was per-
formed in the ancient church, on the island from which
the parish has its present name ; the building has been
lately repaired from the funds of the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners. About a mile west of Seaforde are the
ruins of the church of Drumcaw, which place, previous
to 1715, was a separate parish, but was in that year
consolidated with Loughin-Island, when the townlands
of Magheralone, Tyconnet, Murvaclogher, and Rosscon-
nor were disjoined from the latter, and added to the
parish of Kilmore. In the Roman Catholic divisions,
part of the parish is in the union or district of Bally-
kinler, and tlie townlands which in 1715 were added to
Kilmore continue united with the remaining portion.
There is a chapel for this latter district, at the southern
extremity of the townland of Tievenadara ; and another
in the townland of Drumaroad, for the portion attached
to Ballykinler. In the parish are several schools. One,
LO U G
L O U G
in the village of Seaforde. was built and endowed by the
governors of the schools founded by Erasmus Smith ;
two acres of land required by the governors to be made
over in perpetuity for the master were given by the late
Colonel Forde, and a yearly gratuity is paid to him by
the present head of the family, the Rev. W. B. Forde.
There is also in the village a girls' school, built in 1816
by Colonel Forde, and endowed by him with £14 per
annum. A school-house in the townland of Clara was
built, chiefly by Colonel Forde, in the same year. In
1840 the Rev. W. B. Forde built a neat school-house at
Anadorn ; this school, and that at Clara, are in con-
nexion with the Church Education Society, from which
each of the masters has a salary of £8, besides a gratuity
of equal amount from the landlord. Contiguous to each
of the Roman Catholic chapels is a national school ;
and in the parish are several Sunday schools. At Clough
are two places of worship for Presbyterians, one in con-
ne.xion with the General Assembly, the other with the
Remonstrant Synod of Ulster ; and at Seaforde is also
a place of worship for Presbyterians. Miss M'Kenny,
in 1832, bequeathed £50 to the poor of Clough, the
interest of which is annually distributed by the rector.
On Castle hill, northward of Anadorn, stood a fort ;
contiguous to which was the castle of the Macartans,
the former proprietors of the present barony of Kine-
larty. At Clough are the ruins of an old castle, one of
the ancient cuslella murata, remarkable for being situ-
ated on the top of a fort which originally formed the
northern end of a chain of forts with their accustomed
ramparts and ditches, extending as far southward as
the gardens attached to Clough House ; from this fort
is a full view of two separate lines of forts, and of the
whole of Dundnim bay and castle. A little northward
of Castle hill, in an angle formed by two roads, is a
cromlech, which still preserves much of its original
form ; and near it were found, some years ago, while
excavating for the foundation of a dwelling-house,
several sepulchral urns, in which, and also in a kistvaen
discovered on the western side of the island lough, were
calcined bones and ashes. On the island called Loughin-
Island, a romantic and sequestered spot, are the ruins
of three edifices which, though not exactly parallel, are,
in their general bearings, east and west. The central
one is conjectured to have been the original parish
church ; the one to the northward, built in 1,547, was
used as such till 17-0, when the present church was
built at Seaforde ; and the third is traditionally said to
have been a cell of St. Fynian, and was the private
chapel and burial-place of the Macartans. At the
■western extremity of the townland of Drumcaw, is a
very ancient bridge of one arch, over the Moneycarra
river.
LOUGHLANSTOWN, Leighlinstown, or Laugh-
LANSTOWN, a village, in the parish of Rathmichael,
union and barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin,
and province of Leinster, 7 miles (S. E.) from Dublin.
It is situated on the road from Dublin to Bray, in a
valley watered by two mountain streams. Near it, and
on the right of the road ascending from the village
towards Bray, is the workhouse of the union of Rath-
down, built on a site of 8 acres held at a rent of
£49. Vi. ; it was completed in 1841 at an expense of
£6500, and is constructed to contain 600 paupers.
LOUGHMORE EAST.— See Callabeg.
279
LOUGHMORE WEST, or Lolghmoe, a parish,
in the union of Thurles, barony of Eliogaktv, county
of Tii'i'ERARY, and province of Munster, 'i^ tnilcs
(S. by K.) from Templemore, and on the road to
Thurles and Clonmel ; containing '2471 inhabitants, of
whom 148 are in the village. The parish comprises
4865 statute acres. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Cashel, and in the gift of the Bishop ; the
rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Ormonde,
and the tithe rent-charge is £40*2. 4. 6., of which
£2'22. 4. 6. are payable to the impropriator, and the
remainder to the vicar. There is no church or glebe-
house. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Loughmore and Castleinny,
which also comprises the parish of Templc-erry and
contains a chapel in each parish.
LOUGHREA, a market and post town, a parish,
and the head of a union, in the barony of Loighrea,
county of Galway, and province of Co.nn aught, 18
miles (E. byS.) from Galway, and 86^ (W. byS.) from
Dublin; containing 7152 inhabitants, of whom 5458
are in the town and suburbs. This place, which is
situated on the shore of Lough Rea, was chiefly re-
markable for its monastery, founded by Richard de
Burgh, about the year 1300, for Carmelites or White
friars ; after the Dissolution it was granted to Richard,
Earl of Clanricarde, ancestor of the present proprietor.
A castle was erected here by the Earl of Ulster at an
early period ; and the town, from its situation in the
approach to Galway, was deemed of so much importance
that it was fortified. It at present consists of several
streets, and contains 9S8 houses, many of which are
neat and well built; in the year 1841 the inhabitants
adopted the act 9th George IV., cap. 82, for Lighting,
Paving, and Watching Towns in Ireland. There is a
promenade called the Mall, which is much frequented,
and the neighbourhood abounds with pleasingly diver-
sified scenery. The lake, which is about one mile in
diameter, has three small islands of picturesque appear-
ance j its shores are enlivened by some pleasing cottages,
and embellished on the south and east with hills of
beautiful verdure. An extensive brewery has been
erected on the side of the lake, by Mr. L. Fahy. In
the excise arrangements the town is within the district
of Galway. A branch of the National Bank has been
established. The market is on Thursday, and is well
supplied with grain and provisions of every kind, and
with poultry in abundance : fairs are held on Feb. 1 1th,
May '26th and 27th, Aug. 20th, and Dec. 5th ; the May
fair is numerously attended by purchasers for horses,
cattle, sheep, and pigs, of which last great numbers are
sold at all the fairs. A chief constabulary police force
is stationed in the town, which is also the head station
of the central district of the revenue police, including
those of Loughrea, Galway, Ballinasloe, and Athlone,
and comprising a force of three lieutenants, three ser-
geants, and 58 privates, under the control of a resident
sub-inspector. A manorial court is held before the
seneschal ; petty-sessions are held every Thursday, and
quarter-sessions twice in the year before the assistant
barrister for the county. In a small bride'well are a few
cells, with two day-rooms and two yards.
The parish comprises 643 6^ statute acres : the soil is
fertile, and the system of agriculture improving ; there
is but a moderate quantity of bog, and scarcely any
L O U G
LOUT
waste land. Building-stone is found, and extensively
quarried. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Clonfert ; the rectory is partly appropriate to
the deanery, and partly to the vicarage, which latter is
episcopally united to the vicarages of Kilteskill, Kil-
rickill, and Kilnadeema, and in the patronage of the
Marquess of Clanricarde. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £115. 19., of which £1*. 6. are payable to the
dean, and the remainder to the incumbent. There is
no glebe-house ; the glebes of the union comprise 2"^
statute acres, let on lease for £20. 9. per annum ; and
the entire value of the vicarial benefice, including glebe
and tithe, amounted, before the passing of the Rent-
cliarge act, to £517. 16. The church, a neat structure,
was built in 1821 by a loan of £1846. 3. from the late
Board of First Fruits : the spire was struck by light-
ning, and thrown down on the roof, on the first Sunday
in Dec. 1832, about two hours before the time of divine
service ; the church has been repaired by a grant of
£169 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The
Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the
Established Church, and is one of the parishes belong-
ing to the bishop ; the chapel is a spacious edifice, and
there are chapels also attached to the Carmelite monas-
tery, and to the convent of sisters of the same order.
The Carmelite monastery, originally founded in 1300
by Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, has, notwithstand-
ing the alienation of its revenues at the Dissolution, still
preserved a regular succession of members. In conse-
quence of the dilapidated state of the buildings, a new
chapel, and a dwelling-house adjoining it, were erected
in 1785; the former was rebuilt on a more extensive
scale in 1816, and the latter in 1829, under the super-
intendence of the prior, the Rev. Mr. Gannon, at an
expense of £4000 (including both), defrayed partly from
the funds of the establishment and partly by subscrip-
tion, to which the Clanricarde family, on whose estate
the monastery is situated, liberally contributed. A
convent for nuns of the same order was founded about
the year 16S0, and removed to its present site in 1829,
when the building, including a chapel, was erected under
the direction of the prior of the abbey, at a cost of
£5000, entirely defrayed from the funds of the nun-
nery ; there are at present IS sisters in the convent,
chiefly young ladies. Nearly 1000 children are taught
in three public schools, of which the parochial school
is supported by the rector. The national schools are
chiefly under the direction of the prior and Roman
Catholic clergy of the monastery, and the sisters of the
nunnery ; the school-houses were built at the joint
expense of the prior, the nuns, and the National Board
of Education. The workhouse of the union, on a site
of 6i acres held at a rent of £12. 13. per annum, was
completed in 1841, at a cost of £6960, and is con-
structed to contain 800 paupers.
Some remains exist of the ancient Carmelite mon-
astery ; and also of the old castle built by the De
Burghs, which was for some time the residence of the
Clanricarde family. There was an hospital for lepers in
the town ; but little of its history is recorded, and even
the site of it is unknown. On the summit of Monument
Hill, near the town, is a circular inclosure in which are
seven stones, five still standing erect, and two lying on
the ground ; in the centre is a small tumulus of earth,
and near the base of the hill are vestiges of a circular
280
intrenchment, within which are the remains of an
ancient cromlech.
LOUGHSHINNY, a viUage, in the parish of Ltjsk,
union of Balrotherv, barony of Balrothery East,
county of Dublin, and province of Munster ; con-
taining 28 houses, and 198 inhabitants.
LOUISBORGH.— See Lewisburgh.
LOUTH (County of), a maritime county of the pro-
vince of Leinster, and the smallest in Ireland, bounded
on the east by the Irish Sea ; on the north, by the bay
of Carlingford and by the county of Armagh ; on the
west, by the counties of Monaghan and Meath ; and
on the south, by that of Meath. It extends from 53°
42' to 54° 6' N. Lat., and from 6° 4' to 6° 38' W. Lon. ;
and comprises 201,434 statute acres, of which 178,972
are arable land, 15,603 uncultivated, 5318 plantation,
728 in towns and villages, and 813 under water. There
were, in 1821, 101,011 inhabitants ; in 1831, 107,481 ;
and in 1841, 111,979; exclusively of the county of
the town of Drogheda, which forms a separate juris-
diction at the southern extremity of the county.
It appears from Ptolemy that the present couaty
formed, in his time, part of the territory of the Voluntii,
which extended southward to that of the Eblani. Louth
was subsequently included in the independent sove-
reignty of Orgial, or Argial, called by the English Oriel
or Uriel, constituting a large part of the province of
Meath, and including also the counties of Armagh and
Monaghan. This county is stated to have formed the
subordinate territory of Conal Muirthemne, called also
Hy Conal and Machmre-Conal, in which were the smaller
districts of Fera Arda, or Fatharta, the present barony
of Ferrard ; Hy Segan, or Hy Seanghain, that of Ardee ;
Fera Lorg, Lorgan, or Lurgin, that of Lower Dundalk ;
Hy Mac Uais, the country of the Mac Scanlans, that uf
Upper Dundalk ; and Ludha, or Lugha, that of Louth,
which was the country of the O'Carrols, chiefs of Argial.
The last celebrated head of this race was Donchad
O'Carrol, King of Argial, who founded the two great
abbeys of Mellifont and Louth, and was likewise a
prince of considerable prowess. Argial was conquered
by John de Courcy, in 1183 ; and that part of it which
is included within the limits of the present county of
Louth (one of those erected by King John in 1210)
being immediately peopled with English settlers, it con-
tinued ever after to be subject to the English jurisdic-
tion. Thus, the ancient Argial was divided into Irish
Argial and English Uriel. The latter, from its situation,
being much exposed to the incursions of the native
chiefs, numerous castles were erected for its defence ;
but nevertheless, in the reign of Edward II., it was
ravaged by the Scots under Edward Bruce, who, how-
ever, received their final overthrow from Sir John
Birmingham in this county.
The county of Argial, Lowth, or Louth, was one of
the four counties of the pale in which, in 1473, a small
standing force was appointed to be maintained ; and the
mayor of Drogheda, Sir Laurence Taaf, and Richard
Bellew, were appointed commanders of the newly insti-
tuted Fraternity of Arms for the defence of the English
pale. It was overrun by the insurgent chieftains in the
reign of Elizabeth, at which time it appears to have
formed part of the province of Ulster; for In 1596, in
the conference held at Faughart between O'Nial and
ODonel on the Irish side, and the archbishop of Cashel
L o u r
L () r T
and the Earl of Ormonde on that of the English govern-
ment, the latter proposed that the English should
retain possession of that part of Ulster situated between
the river Boyne and Dundalk, in this county, of which
they had been in possession for a long period, together
■with the towns of Carrickfergus, Carlingford, and Newry,
in the more northern parts. JJut these terms were alto-
gether rejected ; and ever since, Louth has formed a
portion of the province of Leinster.
It is wholly in the diocese of Armagh, except a small
portion of two parishes in the diocese of Clogher. For
purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided into the
baronies of Ardee, Ferrard, Louth, Upper Dundalk, and
Lower Dundalk ; and it contains the sea-port, borough,
and market-town of Dundalk ; the sea-port and dis-
franchised borough of Carlingford ; the disfranchised
boroughs of Ardee and Dunleer ; and the post-towns
of Castle-Bcllingham, Collon, Louth, Lurgau-Green,
Tallonstown, and Flurrybridge : the largest villages are
Annaglasson, Clogher, and Mullaghcrew. It sent ten
members to the Irish parliament, two for the county at
large and two for each of the boroughs ; but at the
Union the boroughs were all disfranchised, except
Dundalk, which sends one member to the Imperial
parliament. The election for the county, which con-
tinues to return two members, takes place at Dundalk :
the number of electors registered in 1841 was 9 IS, of
whom '271 were £50, 88 £'20, and 390 £10, freeholders;
24 £'20, and 95 £10 leaseholders ; and one £50, and 43
£•20, rent-chargers. The county is included in the
North-Eastern circuit ; the assizes are held at Dundalk,
where the county court-house and gaol are. Quarter-
sessions are held at Drogheda and Dundalk, in January,
April, June, and October ; and in April and October at
Ardee, where are a court-house and bridewell. The local
government is vested in a lieutenant, 13 deputy-lieu-
tenants, and ^6 other magistrates, together with the
usual county officers, including two coroners. There are
28 constabulary police stations, having in the whole a
force of a county inspector, five sub-inspectors, six head-
constables, '29 constables, and 149 sub-constables, with
seven horses ; the expense of whose maintenance in
1S4'2 was £943'2, defrayed by grand jury presentments
and by government. The district Lunatic Asylum is in
Dublin ; the County Hospital, at Dundalk, was built in
1834, and is considered to be among the most complete
in Ireland, both as regards the structure and the in-
ternal arrangements : there are dispensaries at Ardee,
Ballymascanlan, Castle-Bellingham, Collon, Dunleer,
Louth, and Termonfechan. The amount of grand jury
presentments for 1S44 was £16,448. In military
arrangements the county is included in the Dublin dis-
trict, with the exception of the town of Dundalk, which
is in the Belfast district : at Dundalk is the only bar
rack within the county, adapted for 25 officers, 513
men, and 3'20 horses. Along the coast are five stations
of the revenue police, respectively at Greenore Point,
O'Meathe, Cooley Point, Soldiers' Point, Dunany Point,
and Clogher Head j these form the Dundalk district,
in which are one inspecting commander, five officers,
and forty men.
This county, although the smallest in Ireland, pre-
sents several distinguishing features as to its sce.very
and soil, worthy of attention. The southern districts
are level, varied by gently swelling elevations, in a state
Vol. II.— 281
of high cultivation, and interspersed with thriving plan-
tations : to the north the surface rises into the lofty
group of the Ravensdale, Cooley, and Carlingford moun-
tains. The coast, from the mouth of the Uuyne, which
is the southern extremity of the county, presents a broad
level strand, stretching northward for several miles to
the boldly projecting promontory of Clogher Head, at
the foot of which is the village of the same name, with
a natural harbour that affords shelter to a few fishing-
yawls. Thence to Dunniiij Head is a sandy bay, in
which are a few reefs, covered at high water but at ebb
tide having a dry strand for half a mile beyond the»n.
Dunany is the southern extremity of Dundalk Bay,
which sweeps round into the land in a semicircular
form, having the harbour and town of Dundalk in its
most inland point, and terminating northwards at Coo-
ley j)oint. The southern and western shores of this
fine bay, the mouth of which extends seven miles from
point to point, and which measures the same distance
in depth to the entrance to Dundalk harbour, are of the
same character as those already noticed, broad, shallow,
and skirted with a line of low land rising gradually into
slight elevations, clothed with verdure and trees. The
northern side of the bay is of a character totally different.
Here the mountains rise boldly from the water's edge,
covered in tluir lower parts with wood, but above de-
nuded and heathy. This mountainous tract forms a
peninsula that separates the bay of Dundalk from that
of Carlingfurd, which forms the northern boundary of
the county. The character of Carlingford bay is dif-
ferent from that of Dundalk bay : it is long and narrow,
extending nearly nine miles inland to Narrow water,
which is the entrance to Newry harbour, with an average
breadth of li mile, and bordered on both sides by lofty
eminences ; on the south by the mountain group already
described, on tlie north by the mountains of Morne, in
Down, which latter are among the highest in Ireland.
Both these bays are considered as unsafe for shipping ;
that of Dundalk, from its shoals ; that of Carlingford,
from the sudden and violent flaws of wind that sweep
along it from the surrounding cliffs. Fish of many kinds
are caught in great numbers off the shores of the county ;
the most common species are turbot, cod, haddock,
plaice, ling, and herrings. There is an oyster-fishery in
Carlingford bay, the oysters of which are in the highest
estimation for their superior flavour, and are sent in
large quantities to Dublin and other towns situated
along the coast. The soil in flat parts is suitable to
every kind of agricultural produce, being a rich vege-
table mould, based on marl, limestone, or clay-slate :
northwards it gradually deteriorates, until, on approach-
ing the summits of the mountains, the only vegetable
productions are heath and the coarsest grasses. The
best land is about Ardee and Louth ; there are also ex-
tensive tracts of rich soil at Tallonstown, Dundalk, and
Castle-Bellingham.
Louth may be said to be altogether an .\GRiciLTf ral
county. Much of the land is under pasture, but every
description of grain is extensively cultivated. The best
wheat districts are those of Ardee and Cooley : the best
barley is grown in the neighbourhood of the town of
Louth ; the Chevalier barley has been lately introduced
with the greatest success, being found better adapted
to the soil than any hitherto raised. Flax is also grown
in large quantities, principally for the supply of the
LOUT
spinners of Leeds, Bolton, and other manufacturing
towns in England. Every kind of green crop is raised
by the large farmers. Lime is the usual manure, except
in the vicinity of the coast, where sea sand and weed are
used ; a compost of lime, earth, and bog-mould, is found
to be very beneficial ; the produce of the farmyard is
exclusively preserved for the potato-crop. Breeds of
everj' kind of cattle have been introduced, under the
sanction of the Castle-Bellingham Agricultural Associ-
ation. Considerable numbers of horned-cattle and
sheep are purchased at the Ballinasloe fair, to be fat-
tened here. The native stock of sheep, when crossed
by the New Leicester, is very superior both as to fleece
and mutton. Pigs are numerous throughout every part;
there is scarcely a farmer or cottier who is not more or
less a dealer in them : the Berkshire and the Chinese
breeds are most esteemed. The horses are of a light
and active description, well adapted for country work ;
the saddle horses are generally brought in by dealers
from other comities. The agricultural implements are
of the most improved kind, except in the mountain
districts, where those of the old construction are still
used in many places. Much of the laud is cultivated
by the spade ; and even where the plough is used, the
land is afterwards carefully trenched with it : the old
solid-wheeled car has been laid aside, and a light, well-
constructed, single-horse cart supplies its place. Irri-
gation and draining are better understood here than in
any of the adjoining counties. The fences are generally
quickset hedges, although the broad bank of earth or
sods and the dry stone-wall are to be met with in some
parts. The extensive forests so frequently mentioned
in the wars of the sixteenth century have disappeared,
and the only traces remaining of them are some scat-
tered underwoods near the bases of the mountains.
The principal ornamental plantations are at CoUon, Ra-
vensdale, Barmeath, and Dundalk : there are smaller plan-
tations round Bellurgan, Cooleystown, Clermont, Louth
Hall, Townley Hall, and Termonfechan. The waste lands
comprise an extent of nearly 16,000 acres, chiefly in the
more elevated parts of the northern group of mountains.
A small and hardy breed of sheep, and some young
cattle, are grazed on them ; they also contain patches
of bog, the turf of which is carried down into the low
country for fuel. Coal is imported in considerable
quantities from the British coast, particularly for the
use of the inhabitants of the larger towns.
The GEOLOGY of this portion of the island is very
simple. The Ravensdale and Carlingford mountains,
in the north, are dependent on the Morne mountains,
and, like them, are composed chiefly of granite. Horn-
blende and primitive greenstone abound on the skirts
of this granitic district, and to these succeed exterior
chains of transition rocks. The rest of the county is
chiefly occupied by clay-slate, except where limestone
occurs in detached districts, as in the neighbourhood
of Ardee, Killyner, and Mell. An extensive limestone
field stretches from Shanlis towards Louth ; another
rises very abruptly near CoUon. Blue limestone occurs
near Carnabeg and Kilhn. Near Castletown is a very
pure red limestone, which appears to be the southern
termination of the Armagh field j none other of the
same character having been found anv where except at
Castleespie, in Down county. Other 'detached beds of
this rock are worked in various parts of the county, for
282
LOUT
agricultural purposes and for building. The line of
demarcation between the granite and transition rocks is
very clearly defined. Commencing at Carlingford, it
crosses the Ravensdale and Cooley mountains, and
enters Armagh county at Myra Castle, whence it is
traceable into the mountains of Forkhill. The new red
sandstone is to be perceived only in a few places. Lead-
ore has been found in thin veins, near the junction of
the granite and transition rocks ; and detached nodules
have been met with near Ardee, and in the bed of the
Flurry river. Oxyde of manganese, and impure iron-
stone, have been discovered near Clogher Head, and
iron pyrites near Mount Ash and Ring Castle : the
remains of iron-works are often found on the hills.
The manufacture of sheetings and other kinds of
coarser linen-cloth, is carried on in the neighbourhood
of Drogheda to a considerable extent ; and there are
large bleach-greens at Ravensdale and Collon. A pin-
manufactory, established in Dundalk in 1836, gives
employment to upwards of 600 persons ; another of the
same description has been since erected in the town of
Louth. There is an iron and brass foundry in the
former of those towns, the castings of which are held
in high estimation. At Dundalk and some other places
are extensive distilleries and breweries : the character
of the ale of Castle-Bellingham has long stood very
high. Flax-mills are to be seen on all the smaller rivers,
and several large and very powerful flour and meal
mills throughout the county. There are three places
of export for the agricultural and manufacturing pro-
duce, Newry to the north, Drogheda in the south, and
Dundalk midway between the two ; but the trade of
the last-named place is somewhat impeded by the
shallowness of the harbour, which prevents vessels of
large burthen coming up to the quay, except at spring
tides.
All the RIVERS which pass through the interior of
the county are small. Of these, the Flurnj, Stranarn,
Vidhj, and Creaghan rise in the county of Armagh, and
flow eastward into the bay of Dundalk. The Fane has
its source in the beautiful lake of Castle-Blayuey, in
Monaghan, and flowing south to Candleford, turns east-
ward, and, passing by Ring Castle, Grange, and Cler-
mont, falls into the same bay at Lurgan-Green. The
Lagan Water, which rises near Carrickmacross, in the
county of Monaghan, enters Louth near Killany, and,
having joined the Glyde, divides the county into two
nearly equal portions, and falls into the sea below
Castle-Bellingham. The Dee rises near Drumconrath,
in Meath county, and, passing through the rich vale of
Ardee, meets the White River near Poe's-court, and falls
into the sea close to the mouth of the Lagan. Several
minor streams rise in the interior ; they all flow east-
ward, and contribute much to the fertility of the tracts
they irrigate, and to the beauty and freshness of the
surrounding scenery. The estuaries of the Boyne and
of the Newry Water form the extreme boundaries of the
county to the south and north. The roads are very
numerous, well made, and kept in excellent repair ; the
railways are noticed in the articles on Drogheda and
Dundalk.
The REMAINS of ANTIQUITY are extremely various.
The Druidical relics at Ballrighan and Carrick-Edmond
comprise circles, detached stones, and cairns : there
are the remains of a Druidical temple on the plains of
LOU r
Ballinahatncy, near Duiuialk ; circles and a cromlech
on Killin hill ; a fine cromlech at Ballymuscanlan ; and
a large cairn on Carrick-Brant. At Uullrighan has heen
discovered a curious artificial cave ; and near Killin hill
is the extraordinary tort called Faiths iia ain eighe, or
" the one night's work." The most ancient mounds
appear to be the ordinary tumuli, such as are seen
between Dundalk and Drogheda ; in which latter vici-
nity is a very celebrated structure, at Grange. Next in
date are those encompassed with a deep trench, and
generally met with in the neighbourhood of some old
castle or place of note ; such as those of Castle Guard
at Ardee, Greencastle near Castle-Bcllingham, and at
Killany. Some mounts have a square redoubt, or other
works, attached to the main encircling trench ; as at
Castletown. Besides those above mentioned, the places
where camps of different kinds occur are, near Ballina-
hatncy plain; Mount Albani, about two miles from
Dundalk : Rosskiigh, near Carrick-Brant, on the banks
of the Dundugan river ; Mount Ash, near Louth ; a
Danish fort, near Dunlecr ; another at Castletown, near
Dundalk ; a round fort at Louth ; Castle Ring, near
the same place ; Faughart, to the north of Dundalk ;
Mount Bagnal ; and a Danish fort near Castle-Belling-
ham. A fine round tower is still standing at Monas-
terboice, and part of another at Dromiskin. The num-
ber of religious houses that existed in the county is no
less than '23 : there are still remains of those of Car-
lingford, where the ruined buildings are very inter-
esting ; Faughart, where the vestiges consist of St.
Bridget's stone and pillar ; Mellifont, the abbey of
which place was very sumptuous; and Monasterboice,
where are two crosses, one of which, called St. Boyne's,
is among the largest, most ancient, and richly decorated
in Ireland. Of the numerous ancient castles, there are
remains of those of Haynstown (three miles from Dun-
dalk), Miltown, Killincoole, Darver, Carlingford, Castle-
Roche, Dungooly, Rood's-town, Baling (near the north-
ern shore of Dundalk bay), Dunmahan, Glass- Pistol
(near Termoufechan), Clonniore, Rath (three miles
from Carlingford), Ardee, Termoufechan, Ballrighan
(two miles west of Dundalk), and Castletown. All of
these, together with the chief modern mansions of the
nobility and gentry, are particularly described in their
respective parishes. A great number of ornaments of
pure gold, swords, spears, axes of bronze, and other
relics of antiquity, have been found in various places ;
and in the summer of 1835 a very large head ornament
and fibula of pure gold were found near Monaster-
boice.
Sir John Birmingham, in reward of his victory over
the Scottish army near Dundalk, in the reign of Ed-
ward IL, was created Earl of Louth ; but being shortly
after slain in an insurrection of his own people in this
county, the title became extinct. In 1.541, Henry VIII.
created Sir Oliver Plunkett Baron Louth, which title is
at present enjoyed by his descendants. Oriel, the
ancient name of the district, gives the title of Baron to
Viscount Ferrard, of CoUon.
LOUTH, a post-town and parish, in the union of
Dundalk, partly in the baronies of Ardee and Upper
Dundalk, but chiefly in the barony of Louth, county
of Louth, and province of Leinster, 5^ miles (W.)
from Dundalk. on the road to Kingscourt, and 39^ (N.
by W.) from Dublin ; containing 9647 inhabitants, of
283
LOUT
whom 718 are in the town. This place, called anciently
Ktwckfir^us, and also (luain-Cftinn, was celebrated for
an abbey founded by St. Patrick, over which he placed
St. Mocteus or Mochtalugh, a Briton, who died at a
very advanced age in 534. The monastery became an
extensive seat of learning under the superintendence of
St. Mocteus and his successors ; and it is said that 100
bishops and 300 presbyters, all eminent for learning
and piety, were educated in this school. St. Dichull,
who became abbot about the commencement of the Hth
century, and several of his successors, were styled indif-
ferently abbots or bishops ; and the monastery con-
tinued to flourish till 830, when it was pillaged by the
Danes, by whom the abbey was destroyed in 839, and
many of the brethren killed. In 96s, while in the
possession of the Danes, the abbey was plundered by
Muirceartagh, son of Donell, King of Ireland, who slew
many of these invaders ; and in 1043, this place and the
adjacent country were plundered by Andatus O'Ruairc,
who was himself soon after slain. In 10*5, the town,
with all its churches, was destroyed by fire ; and in
1133 and 1148 the abbey experienced a similar cala-
mity, from which it never seems to have recovered.
Donchad O'Kervaill, Prince of Orgial, and Edan OCoel-
laidhe. Bishop of Clogher, who had recently (in 1148)
founded the abbey of Knock, jointly erected a priory
for Canons Regular, which was subsequently made a
sanctuary by Iklalachy, Archbishop of Armagh : the
prior sat as a baron in parliament. The town was
destroyed by fire in Ilo'^, 1160, and 1166, when it was
also plundered ; and in 1'24'2, a grand chapter of the
order was held in the priory of Louth by the Arch-
bishop of Armagh, at which were assembled all the
abbots and priors of the Canons Regular in the king-
dom. Edward Bruce and other leaders of the Scottish
army were entertained here, in 1315, by the prior, who
was afterwards pardoned by Edward II. on payment of
a fine of £40; and in 1488, the prior, who had been
concerned in the insurrection of Lambert Simnel, re-
ceived the king's pardon. John Wile, who had alien-
ated a considerable portion of the revenues of the
establishment, and who was prior at the time of the
Dissolution, voluntarily resigned his office into the king's
hands, and received a pension of £l6. 13. 4. for the
remainder of his life; the priory, with all its revenues,
was granted in the 33rd of Henry VIII. to Sir Oliver
Plunkett, ancestor of the present proprietor.
The town is situated on the river (ilyde. From a
grant made by Henry IV. to the " Bailiff and Commons
of the Town of Loueth," releasing them from two parts
of the chief rents during the minority of Lord D'Arcey,
it appears to have had a municipal government prior to
1406. It contains 149 houses ; and has a sub-post-
office to Ardee, Carrickmacross, and Dundalk. There
are six constabulary police stations in the parish ; fairs
are held every month in the village of Mullacrew, and
petty-sessions every alternate Thursday in the town.
The PARISH comprises 1",842| statute acres, of which
208 1,: are in the barony of Ardee, l654i in that of
Upper Dundalk, and 14,10" in that of Louth. The
land is of very good quaUty, and principally under
tillage, producing abundant crops ; the system of agri-
culture is improved ; there is little bog, and not any
waste land. The chief seats are, Stephenstown, a hand-
some mansion in a highly improved demesne of 500
« O '2
LOWE
acres, well planted, and watered by the river Fane,
which here separates the parish from that of Killin-
coole ; Glyde Farm, the property of Lewis Upton, Esq.,
a handsome residence in tastefully disposed grounds ;
and Corderry. There is an extensive flour-mill at
Channou Rock ; also two corn-mills at the southern
extremity of the parish, near Killincoole.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Crown for two
presentations, and the Lord Primate for one. The
tithe rent-charge is £1491. 1.4.: the glebe-house was
built in 1813, at an expense of £4940. 6., and the glebe
comprises 64| statute acres of cultivated land, valued
at £147. 14. The church is a plain structure, erected
about 1S07 and enlarged in 182S, by parochial assess-
ment ; it has a tower, and has been repaired by a
grant of £'24'2 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
The Roman Catholic parish is co- extensive with that of
the Established Church : there are three chapels, situ-
ated at Louth, Knockbridge, and Stonetown ; the two
first are spacious edifices. The parochial school, in the
town, with an infants' school attached to it, is partly
supported by the rector ; a school near Glyde Farm, by
the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, aided by the
rector ; and one on the demesne of Stephenstown, by
the rector. At Louth, Knockbridge, and Stonetown,
are national schools ; and there is a dispensary for the
poor, who, when unable to attend, are visited at their
own dwellings.
At Jrdpatrick, in this parish, a church was founded by
St. Patrick, of which no part remains ; and at Knock, a
monastery for Canons Regular, dedicated to St. Peter
and St. Paul, was founded in 1148, as already observed,
by Donchad O'Kervaill, Prince of Orgial, and Edan
Coellaidhe, Bishop of Clogher, who also founded the
priory of Louth. Marian O'Gorman, who was abbot in
116", composed a martyrology in the Irish language,
which existed in the time of Colgan and was then in
great esteem ; the endowment was augmented by Hugh
de Ardiz, in 1'260, but was yet insufficient for the main-
tenance of the establishment. The abbot surrendered
the monastery, with its revenues, in the 31st of Henry
VHL ; and James L, in the 3rd of his reign, granted it to
Sir John King, Knight, at the yearly rent of £16. 10. 4. :
there are no remains. On the summit of a hill is Mount
Ash, a curious fort, supposed to be of Danish origin ; it
consists of an oval mount, the surface of which is de-
pressed and surrounded with a vallum, and around two-
thirds of the circumference is a second vallum with a
ditch. On the glebe-land is Fain/ Mount, an abrupt
conical eminence surrounded by a high earthen vallum.
Castle-Ring, near the town, is of similar construction,
but more elevated, and has a small stream between the
vallum and the counterscarp ; on the summit are the
foundations of a hexagonal mural fort. The remains of
the ancient abbey of Louth, founded by St. Patrick, or
rather of the priory subsequently erected on its site, are
extensive, but in a very dilapidated state ; the cemetery
is still a favourite place of interment. Dr. Plunkett,
Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh, who was
executed in London for high treason, was for some time
resident here.
LOWESGREAN, or Roesgreen, a village, in the
parish of St. Patrick's Rock, union of Cashel, barony
of MiDDLETHiRD, county of TippERARY, and province
284
L UC A
of MuNSTER, 3 miles (S.) from Cashel, on the road to
Clonmel. Fairs are held on Aug. 2nd, and Oct. 23rd ;
and one of the Roman Catholic chapels of the district of
Cashel is situated here.
LO'^A'EY.— See Lavay.
LO'W^ ISLAND, county Clare. — See Kildysart.
LOWRYSTO\YN, county Tyrone.— See Beregh.
LO"WTHERSTOWN.— See Irvinestown,
LL'CAN, a post-town and parish, in the union of
Celbridge, barony of Newcastle, county of Dublin,
and province of Leinster, 7 miles (W.) from Dublin,
on the road to Galway and Sligo ; containing 1139 in-
habitants, of whom 563 are in the town. After the
English settlement it appears to have been granted to
Richard de Peche, one of the earliest adventurers, and
in 1220 was the property of Waryn de Peche, who
founded the monastery of St. Catherine, near Leixlip.
In the reign of Richard II. it was in the possession of
the Rokeby family, and in the I6th century belonged to
the Sarsfield family, of whom ■William, one of the ablest
generals, in the service of James II., was by that monarch,
after his abdication, created Earl of Lucan. From him
it descended by marriage to the ancestor of Colonel G.
Vesey, its late proprietor.
The town is beautifully situated in a fertile vale, on
the eastern bank of the river Liffey, over which is a
handsome stone bridge of one arch, ornamented with
balustrades of cast-iron from the Phosnix works, near
Dubhn. At the side of the bridge is the picturesque
glebe of the incumbent. The total number of houses
is 106 ; most of them are well built, and many are
fitted up as lodging-houses for the reception of visiters,
who, during the summer season, resort to this place to
drink the waters, which are found efficacious in scorbutic,
bilious, and rheumatic affections. A handsome spa-house
has been erected, consisting of a centre and two wings, in
one of which is an assembly-room 62 feet long and 22
feet wide, in which concerts and balls are given ; the
house affords excellent accommodation for families. The
mineral spring, from its having a higher temperature
than others in the neighbourhood, is called the " Boil-
ing Spring;" the water, on an analysis made in 1822,
was found to contain, in two gallons, 70 grains of
crystallised carbonate of soda, 20 of carbonate of lime,
I5 of carbonate of magnesia, 2 of silex, 65 of muriate
of soda, and 14 of sulphur. The scenery of the vicinity
is beautifully diversified ; and its short distance from
the metropolis renders the town a place of fashionable
resort, and of pleasant occasional residence. A chief
constabulary police force is stationed in it, and petty-
sessions are held on Tuesdays.
The PARISH, through a portion of which the RoyeJ
Canal passes, comprises 1125 statute acres, and is in a
high state of cultivation ; the soil is fertile, and the
crops are abundant. Lucan House is a spacious man-
sion, situated in a highly embellished demesne, com-
prising nearly 500 statute acres, extending along the
banks of the Liffey ; within the grounds is a monument
to one of the Sarsfield family, near which are an ancient
oratory dedicated to St. John and thickly covered with
ivy, and a holy well. Of the other seats the principal
are, St. Edmonsbury, a tasteful demesne beautifully
situated, and commanding some fine views ; 'Weston
Park, finely situated on the Liffey ; Woodville ; Hermit-
age ; Finstown House; Lucan Abbey, or Canon Brook ;
L U C A
L U U G
Primrose Hill ; Glenwood ; Villa ; View Mount ; Luean
Lodge ; and Mount Pleasant. On the river Liffey, and
within the grounds of Weston Park, is a salmon-leap,
from the Latin name of which " Salliis," the barony of
Salt derives its name. It consists of a succession of
rocky ledges, too extensive to be cleared at one bound,
and in passing over it the fish consequently sustain
great injury ; the stream forms a beautiful cascade, the
picturesque effect of which is increased by the richly
wooded banks of the river, and the tastefully embel-
lished demesne of Leixlip Castle. An inquest was taken
in the reign of Edward II., to ascertain to whom the
right to the fish taken here belonged ; and another to
inquire into the erection of certain weirs, " obstructions
to the boats passing to our good city of Dublin with
fish and timber." The latter inquest is supposed to
refer to a canal which at some very remote period
must have been carried along the bank of the Liffey.
In excavating the foundation for a mill recently con-
structed at the salmon-leap, the masonry which formed
part of the lock of a canal was discovered ; the sill of
the lock is still to be seen, and more masonry for the
same purpose has been found further down the river.
At a later period, a canal appears to have been formed
along this line, as far as Castletown, two miles above
the salmon-leap ; by which, according to tradition, 'coal
was conveyed from Dublin to that place, and of which
some remains are still to be seen. The mill is capable
of producing from 700 to 800 barrels of flour weekly ;
the water-wheel is 28 feet in diameter, and, in turning
5 pair of stones, acts with a power equivalent to that of
60 or 70 horses.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Dublin,
united to the vicarage of Leixlip, to the augmentation
of which the rectorial tithes^ were appropriated by act of
William III. : the tithes are included in the amount
given for Lei.\lip. A neat church with a tower and
spire was erected in the town in IS23, towards which
the First Fruits' Board gave £900 and advanced £1100
on loan ; and in the same year a perpetual curacy was
instituted here, in the patronage of the incumbent of
Leixlip : the stipend of the curate has been augmented
with £'20 per annum from Primate Boulter's fund. The
glebe-house was built in IS-^S, by aid of a gift of £50
and a loan of £450 from the Board of First Fruits ;
the glebe contains two acres. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Pal-
merstown, Clondalkin, and Lucan ; the chapel, a"very
small edifice, has been rebuilt. There is a place of
worship for Wesleyan ^lethodists, erected in ISSsJ. A
poor-shop, a lending-library, and a loan fund, have been
established ; and a dispensary is open to the poor of
the neighbourhood.
The vicinity affords some highly interesting speci-
mens of irregular stratification of hmestone, which occurs
in parallel layers separated by seams of decomposed calpe,
dipping uniformly at a small angle to the E. N. E. In
a bank on the left side of the Liffey, a few yards only
above the bridge, the strata becomes sinuous, forming
curvatures of nearly two-thirds of their respective cir-
cumferences ; and single slabs taken from the disturbed
beds have an arched outline, conforming to the general
curvature of the strata. At Canon Brook, for many
years the residence of the late Mr. Gandon, architect, is
a singular cave, discovered by that gentleman ; it con-
285
sists of one principal apartment and two side ctlls, uf
smaller dimensions, secured all round with Htonv, tu
prevent the walls from falling in : many curious relics
of antiquity were found, consisting of celts, pieccH of
bone curiously inscribed and sculptured, military wea-
pons of copper or bronze, and various others of more
recent date. The hill in which these apartments are
excavated is about 300 feet above the level of the vale,
and is called the Fort Hill, from its being crowned with
a fortification, the works of which are still in good pre-
servation. The monastery of St. Catherine (founded by
Waryn de Peche in I'iW), though its endowment was
augmented by subsequent benefactors, was, on account
of its poverty, assigned in 13'23 to the abbey of St.
Thomas, Dublin ; there are no remains. Opposite to
the gate of Lucan House demesne was a very ancient
and splendid cross, round the site of which it is still
the custom, at Roman Catholic funerals, to bear the
corpse previous to interment. Above the modern bridge
are some fragments of an older structure, said to have
been built in the reign of John. Lucan gives the titles
of baron and earl to the family of Bingham.
LUDDENBEG, or Lvddon, a parish, in the barony
of Clanwilli.\n, union and county of Limerick, and
province of Munster, 5^ miles (S. E. by S.) from Lime-
rick, on the old road to Cahirconlish ; containing 9**
inhabitants. It comprises 1954 statute acres of good
land, of which about one-half is in tillage: the sub-
stratum consists chiefly of a mixture of basalt and
limestone. The parish is in the diocese of Emly ; the
rectory is impropriate in Viscount Southwell, and the
vicarage forms part of the union of Cahirconlish. The
tithe rent-charge is £93, of which £49. 12. 7. are pay-
able to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
vicar ; at Isertlaurence is a good glebe of 9 acres, and
at Luddenbeg is another of 4^ acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Ballybricken, and has a small chapel at Bohermore.
At the foot of a gentle eminence are the ruins of the
church, by some writers called an abbey, on the walls of
which are some figures rudely sculptured in bas-relief ;
and a little to the south stood the castle of Luddcn-
raore, a strong fortress, of which scarcely a vestige can
be traced.
LUKESWELL, a hamlet, in the parish of Kilbea-
coN, barony of Knocktopher, county of Kilkenny,
and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S.) from Knockto-
pher, and on the road from Waterford to Kilkenny ,
containing 10 houses and about 50 inhabitants. It is
situated on the river Kilmacow, which has its source
among the " Welsh mountains," in the vicinity.
LULLIAMORE, a parish, in the union of Eden-
DERRY, barony of East Oi-haly, county of Kildare,
and province of Leinster, 4| miles (S. E.) from Eden-
derry, and on the road from Prosperous to Rathangau ;
containing 51 inhabitants, and comprising ^esei statute
acres, h is a rectory, in the diocese of Kildare, form-
ing the corps of the prebend of Lulliamore, and part of
the union of Kilmague or Kilmaogue, in the patronage
of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £27. 1. 6. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the
district of Kildare and Rathangan.
LURGAN, a market and post town, and the head
of a union, in the parish of Shankill, barony of
O'Neilland East, county of Armagh, and province of
LU R G
Ulster, IS^ miles (N. E.) from Armagh, on the road to
Belfast, and 675 (N.^ from Dublin ; containing, in 1S41,
46*7 inhabitants. This place formed part of the terri-
tory of the O Nials, and on the settlement of Ulster
was, with the lands of Dowcorran and Ballenemony,
together comprising 2riOO acres, granted by James I.
to William Browulow, Esq., who erected a handsome
house at Dowcorran, and shortly after built the town of
Lurgan, in which, in 1619, were 4'2 houses, all occupied
by English families. On the other part of the estate
were 45 families ; and the colony continued to flourish
till the war in 1641, when the town was burned by the
insurgents, who converted the church into a garrison,
and afterwards demolished it : they also destroyed the
mansions of Dowcorran and Ballenemony. After the
Restoration the town was rebuilt ; but was again de-
stroyed by the army of James II., and its proprietor
declared an outlaw. It was, however, restored in I69O,
when a patent for a market and fairs was obtained;
and soon afterwards an important branch of the linen
manufacture was established here, which has continued
to flourish till the present time.
The TOWN is situated in the midst of a fertile and
well-cultivated district, and consists of one spacious
street, containing 7^S houses substantially built of stone
and roofed with slate, many of which are large and
handsome. The manufacture of diapers was introduced
here by William Waring, Esq., M.P. for Hillsborough
during the whole of the reign of Anne ; and the Lurgan
and Waringstown manufacturers have always been emi-
nent in this branch of the trade. Damasks of superior
quality, and cambrics, are made in large quantities, and
sold in the market weekly to the amount of from £'2.'iOO
to £3000 ; there is scarcely a family in the district that
is not more or less connected with the linen trade.
Here are two tobacco-manufactories ; two ale-breweries ;
and an e.\tensive distillery, in which 15,000 tons of grain
are annually consumed. A facility of intercourse with
Belfast is afforded by Lough Neagh, the Ulster railway,
and the Lagan navigation ; and the trade of the town
is progressively increasing. In the excise arrangements
Lurgan is within the district of Armagh. Branches of
the Belfast, the Northern, and Provincial Banks have
been established. The market, on Friday, is abundantly
supplied with provisions ; and great quantities of linens
are sold on the market-days in the brown-linen hall, a
spacious building, erected by subscription in 1825.
Fairs are held on Aug. 5th and 6th, and Nov. 2'3nd and
'i3rd. A chief constabulary police force is stationed in
the town ; a manorial court is held every three weeks,
and petty-sessions every Friday ; the quarter-sessions
for the county are also held here. The court-house is
a large and well-arranged building ; and there is a dis-
trict bridewell, containing seven cells, with day-rooms
and airing- yards, and well adapted for classification.
The parish church, a handsome edifice with a tower
surmounted by an octagonal spire ; the Roman Catholic
parochial chapel, a neat Gothic building ; and meeting-
houses for Presbyterians and the Society of Friends,
are in the town. A mendicity society and a voluntary
poor fund have been established, to which the Right
Hon. Charles Brownlow contributes £100 per annum.
Near the town is Lurgan House, lately rebuilt on an
extensive scale, and in the Elizabethan style, with free-
stone brought from Scotland ; the approach is by a
286
L U R G
lodge and gateway of the same character, and the
demesne, which is very large, is embellished with a pro-
fusion of stately timber, and with an artificial lake of
100 acres. There are various other seats in the vicinity,
which, with the schools and other institutions, are
noticed under the head of Shankill. The union work-
house, on a site of six acres purchased for £450, was
completed in 1840, at a cost of £6130, and is con-
structed to contain 800 paupers.
LURGAN, a parish, in the union of Oldcastle,
barony of Castlerahan, county of Cavan, and pro-
vince of Ulster, on the road from Kells to Cavan ;
containing, with the post-town of "Virginia (which is
separately described), 6557 inhabitants. It comprises,
according to the Ordnance survey, 11,327|- statute acres,
including Q^^f acres of water, the greater portion of
which is in Lough Ramor ; 8423 acres are applotted
under the Tithe act, and there is a large tract of bog
and moor. In 1S31, two townlands were separated
from this parish, to form part of the district parish, or
perpetual cure, of Ballyjamesduff. The living of Lurgan
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore,
united by act of council to the rectory and vicarage of
Munterconnaught, together constituting the union of
Lurgan, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £175. 1. 9., and the gross
tithe of the benefice £286. 1.9.: the glebe of the union,
which comprises 999i acres, is valued at £694. 2. per
annum. The glebe-house, situated two miles from the
church, was erected about 1814, at an expense of
£32/6. IS., of which £1384. 12. were granted as a loan,
and £9'2. 6. as a gift, from the late Board of First
Fruits. The church, in the town of Virginia, was erected
in 1821, at a cost of £2492. 6., of which £1846. 3. were
a loan from the same Board, and the remainder was
contributed by the parishioners ; having been acci-
dentally burnt in the winter of 1S30, it was repaired by
subscriptions amounting to £900, contributed chiefly
by the bishop and the parishioners. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms the head of a dis-
trict, comprising also part of the parish of Loghan in
the diocese and county of Meath, and containing the
chapels of Lurgan and Maghera.
LURGANBOY, a village, in the parish of Killas-
NET, union of Manor-Hamilton, half-barony of Ross-
CLOGHER, county of Leitrim, and province of Con-
naught, I5 mile (W. by N.) from Manor-Hamilton, on
the road to Sligo ; containing 184 inhabitants. This
place is most romantically situated in a rich and highly
improved tract of country watered by the small river
Boonid, which has its winding course through ancient
woods and flourishing plantations, with which the sur-
rounding district is embellished. The scenery is singu-
larly picturesque and pleasing, and the view of the
distant mountains by which the place is encompassed
is strikingly beautiful. The nearest of the group, at a
short distance to the south-east of the village, is Benbo,
which has an elevation of 1365 feet above the level of
the sea, and is of very peculiar conformation. The
higher portion is of fine granite, flanked with stratifica-
tions of micaceous quartz, and having beneath it horn-
blende rock, hornblende and mica slate with a profusion
of garnets, sienite with green hornblende, and serpentine
and green steatite thickly studded with garnets, which
are also found in a stream at the base of the mountain.
L U S K
L U S K
On the western side, some of the rocks are much de-
composed ; and red, yellow, blueish white, and black
clays are found in great variety : a stream called the
Iled-Stone River, which flows through the vicinity, is
tinged with the dyes of these several clays. The western
base of the hill is traversed by a metallic vein contain-
ing copper pyrites, formerly wrought on a small scale,
and sulphuret of lead ; manganese is also found here,
and both sandstone and limestone are abundant. The
village contains 3'2 houses. Nearly in the centre was
a neat market-house, now converted into a dwelling-
house : fairs are held on the 15th of May, and on the
'2 1 St of every other month in the year.
LURGAN-GREEN, a town, in the parish of Dro-
MiSKiN, union of Dundalk, barony and county of
Louth, and province of Lkinstku, 3 miles (S.) from
Dundalk, and 37 (N.) from Dublin, on the road to Bel-
fast; containing 35 houses, and '214 inhabitants. It is
situated on the river Fane, and immediately adjoining
the beautiful and extensive demesne of Clermont Park.
A constabulary police force is stationed here ; and fairs
are held on July '25th and Nov. llth.
LUSK, a parish, in the union of Balrothery,
barony of Balrothery East, county of Dublin, and
province of Leinster, 4 miles (N.) from Swords, and
on the road from Dublin to Skerries ; containing, with
the town of Rush (which is separately described), 5961
inhabitants, of whom ST'i are in the village of Lusk.
This place was chiefly distinguished as the site of a
monastery, over which St. Macculin, styled indifferently
abbot or bishop, presided till his death in 49". Cassan,
a learned scribe, who is called the chronographer of
Lusk, died abbot of this monastery in 695 ; and either
in that or the following year, a grand synod was held
here by St. Adamnanus, at which all the principal pre-
lates of the kingdom were present. In S'25 the abbey
was plundered and destroyed, and in S54 was, together
with the whole town, consumed by fire : it suffered a
similar calamity in 1069 ; and in 1 135 the town and
abbey were burned, and the whole country of Fingal
wasted, by Donel Mac Murrogh O'jNIelaghlin, in revenge
for the murder of his brother Conor, Prince of Meath.
In 1190, a nunnery for sisters of the Aroasian order,
which had been founded here at an early period, and
subsequently appropriated to the priory of All Saints,
Dublin, was removed to Grace Dieu, in this parish, by
John Comyn, Archbishop of Dublin, who placed in it
a sisterhood following the rule of St. Augustine, and
endowed it with ample possessions, which were con-
firmed by Pope Celestine in 1196.
The parish comprises 16,183^ statute acres, and is
divided into three parts, called East, West, and Middle
Lusk. The land, with the exception of about 150 acres
of sand-hills, is fertile and in good cultivation: loO^
acres are appropriate to the economy fund of the
cathedral of St. Patrick, Dublin; and there ar^- about
200 acres of common, which is good grazing-land.
Here are some quarries of limestone, in which are found
beautiful crystals ; and of stone of proper quality for
building : fullers'-earth is also found in the parish, and
at Loughshinny are veins of copper, but no mines have
been worked. The principal seats are, Corduff House,
at one time occupied by Stanihurst, the historian ;
Knock Ardmin; Rochestown ; Bettyville ; and Kennure
Park, belonging to Sir Roger Palmer, Bart. The village
28-
is pleasantly situated on the road from Dublin, and the
surrounding scenery is agreeably diversified. At Rogers-
town is a quay for landing coal ; and from a document
dated 1175, prohibiting the illicit exportation of corn,
and the departure of any of the retinue of William de
Windsor from the port of Lusk, it appears that thin
place formerly possessed some maritime importance.
Fairs are held on May 4th, June 24th, July 25lh, and
Nov. 25th, chiefly for cattle. Here are a rcceiving-houve
for letters in connexion with Swords, a constabulary
police station, and a coast-guard station belonging to
the district of Swords.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Dublin. The rectory is divided into two portions ;
one united to the rectories of Ardrie, St. Andrew, and
Burgage, together constituting the corps of the precen-
torship ; the other till lately forming part of the union
of Ballymore and corps of the treasurership ; in the
cathedral church of St. Patrick, Dublin. The vicarage
is in the alternate patronage of the Precentor and the
Archbishop, the latter of whom was patron of the
now suppressed treasurership. The tithe rent-charge is
£739. 1. 6., of which £30 are payable to the vicar, and
the remainder to the lessee of the precentor, and the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The lands belonging to
the precentorship comprise 9'S65 statute acres, of which
71 are in Lusk, 154 in Ardee, and 67 0| in Burgage,
exclusively of the chanter's orchard and garden in the
precincts of the cathedral church, three tenements in
St. Patrick's close, and two houses in Bride-street, and
four in Dame-street, Dublin ; the whole let at an annual
rent of £238. 11. 65. and an annual renewal fine of
£83. 1. 6^. The gross value of the precentorship, be-
fore the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £346. 6.,
and of the vicarage, £120, per annum. The glebe-house
was built in 1S21 ; the late Board of First Fruits gave
£400, and granted a loan of £400, towards its erection :
there are two glebes, comprising together 22 acres.
The CHURCH, built on the site and partly with the
materials of the ancient abbey, is in the later English
style of architecture, with a massive square embattled
tower having at three of the angles a slender circular
tower, and at the fourth a similar tower of larger di-
mensions, which is roofless and without battlements.
The interior consists of two long aisUs, separated by
a series of seven pointed arches, now filled up with
masonry : the eastern portion of the south aisle is the
only part appropriated to divine service ; the windows
of the remaining portions are nearly all closed up, and
the whole of the north aisle is almost in total darkness.
There are numerous sepulchral monument^:, some of
which are very ancient and highly interesting; of these,
one of various kinds of marble, in front of the altar in
the south aisle, was erected about the close of the l6th
century to Sir Christopher Barnewall and his lady,
whose eftigies in a recumbent posture are well sculptured
and elaborately ornamented. In the north aisle is a
monument of black marble to James Bermingham, of
Ballogh, Esq., bearing his recumbent tfligy in chain
armour ; there is also a tomb curiously sculptured in
relief, with an inscription, to Walter Dermot and his
lady, which from some obliteration has been by different
antiquaries ascribed to the 6th and to the l6th centuries.
Near the altar is a piscina, and there are two very an-
cient fouU ; close to the church is the well of St. Mac-
L Y X A
LYON
culin, the patron saint. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions this place is a deanery, comprising the districts
of Lusk, Rush, Skerries, Ballyboghill, Garristown,
Donaghbate, and Portrane. The chapel, a spacious
edifice, was erected in IS09, at an expense of £'2000,
nearly half of which was given by James Dixon, Esq.,
of Kilmainham, and the remainder raised by subscrip-
tion ; attached to it is a burial-ground.
There are some remains of an ancient church and
castle in the demesne of Kennure ; and also of the
chapel of the convent at Grace Dieu, which, though
never extensive, exhibits details of a superior character :
at Whitestown are the ruins of an old church dedicated
to St. Maur. At Drummanagh and Rush are martello
towers ; and at the former place likewise the remains of
an extensive encampment, commanding a fine view of
the surrounding country and of the sea. In digging
the foundation for the glebe-house, several stone coffins
were found, containing human bones.
LUSMAGH, or Kii.MACUNNA, a parish, in the union
of Parsonstown, barony of Garrycastle, King's
county, and province of Leinster, '2^ miles (S. S. W.)
from Banagher ; containing 3643 inhabitants. A Fran-
ciscan friary was founded at Cloghan Cantualaig, by
O'Madden, early in the fifteenth century ; but no par-
ticulars have been recorded. The castle of Cloghan,
supposed to have been built in the reign of King John,
was taken by storm in 1.595 by Sir William Russell,
lord-deputy, who put forty-six of the garrison to the
sword, in consequence of O'Madden, the proprietor,
having sent him a taunting refusal to surrender. It is
now the property of The O'Moore, whose ancestors have
been resident here since the reign of Queen Elizabeth,
when they were banished from the territory of Leix, in
Queen's coUnty. The parish is situated on the river
Shannon, and on the Lesser Brosna, one of its tributary
streams; and comprises 89I9t statute acres. Lime-
stone is found here ; and on the banks of the Shannon
are flour- mills. Lusmagh is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Clonfert ; the rectory being partly ap-
propriate to the see, and partly to the archdeaconry ;
and the vicarage forming part of the union of Dono-
naughta, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-
charge is £78. 4. S., of which £48. 9. 3. are payable to
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, in whom the tempo-
ralities of the see are now vested ; £10. 7. 9. to the
archdeacon ; and the remainder to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms a separate
district : a large and handsome chapel has been built at
the Cross of Cappievane. Some remains of the church
still exist. — See Newtown.
LYNALLY, or Linally, a parish, in the union of
Tvllamore, barony of Ballycowan, King's county,
and province of Leinster, ^ of a mile (N. W.) from
Tullamore, on the road to Parsonstown ; containing
2069 inhabitants. A religious house was founded here,
it is said by St. Colman, who died in 516: the last
notice of its abbots is in 884. The parish comprises
5999 statute acres, of which about 840 are woodland,
4S00 arable and pasture, and the remainder bog and
waste called " Callow ;" the land is in general poor, and
agriculture in a rather backward state. The seats are,
Charleville Castle, the beautiful residence of Lord
Charleville ; Screggan ; Lynally ; Cluna; and Rosse.
It is in the diocese of Meath ; the rectory is impro-
priate in the Marquess of Downshire, and the vicarage
forms part of the union of Fircall. The tithe rent-
charge is £75. 5. 9-, of which £48. 9- 3. are payable to
the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar ; there
is a glebe of S'ib^ acres, valued at £445. 4. 7. per an-
num, but no glebe-house. The church is a plain neat
structure, completed in 1832 by aid of a loan of £600
from the late Board of First Fruits. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Killina ; the chapel, at Mucklow, is a plain building
of recent erection. The parochial school is supported
by subscriptions, including £10 per annum from Mrs.
Coote, and an annual allowance from the incumbent ;
the school-house and an acre of ground are given rent-
free by Colonel Bernard. At Screggan Hill are the
remains of an intrenchment, said to have been one of
Cromwell's.
LYNN, a parish, in the poor-law union of Mul-
lingar, barony of Fartullagh, county of Westmeath,
and province of Leinster, If mile (S. by W.) from
Mullingar, on the road to Tyrrel's-Pass ; containing
1325 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on
Lough Ennel, and bounded on the west by the river
Brosna, comprises 5020 statute acres. The soil is fer-
tile, and the land chiefly in pasture ; the system of
agriculture is much improved, and that portion which is
in tillage produces excellent crops ; there is very little
bog and no waste. Limestone is quarried for agricul-
tural purposes, and there are some quarries of black
flagstone of good quality. The principal seats are Lark-
field, Vylandstown or Violetstown, Lynn Lodge, Lynn
House, Lynnbury, Bloomfield, and Lamancha. Petty-
sessions are held at Moylisker. The parish is a rectory,
in the diocese of Meath, and part of the union of Moy-
lisker ; the tithe rent-charge is £135, and the glebe
comprises 20 acres of profitable land, valued at £46. 3.
per annum. The glebe-house was built in 1813, at an
expense of £1055. 18. British, of which £200 Irish were
a gift, and £500 a loan, from the late Board of First
Fruits ; the remainder was defrayed by the incumbent.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Mullingar ; the chapel is at Gaiustown.
At Kilronan is a large burial-ground ; some slight re-
mains exist of the church at Lynn, and also of an
ancient castle, formerly the residence of the Swift
family ; and there are numerous raths in the parish.
LYONS, a parish, in the barony of South Salt,
county of Kildare, and province of Leinster, 3 miles
(S.) from Celbridge ; containing 379 inhabitants. This
parish, which is situated on the Grand Canal, comprises
l634f statute acres, of which about I60 are woodland,
and the remainder divided in nearly equal portions
between pasture and tillage. The soil is fertile, and
the system of agriculture improved ; there is only a very
small portion of waste land. Lyons Castle, the splendid
seat of Lord Cloncurry, takes its name from an ancient
town and castle which were destroyed in the war of
1641 ; of the former there are no traces, but of the
latter, one of the principal towers is left, which, with
the remains of the ancient church, forms an interesting
feature in his lordship's demesne. The present struc-
ture is a castellated mansion of granite, consisting of a
spacious centre connected by semicircular colonnades
with a stately pavilion at each extremity. The interior
contains many superb apartments, some of which are
M A C L
M A C O
bt-autifuUy embellished in fresco by Gabrielli, an artist
brought from Rome by his lordship for that purpose ;
and in addition to the numerous antiques and choice
works of art with which his lordship's collection is en-
riched, one of the pavilions is appropriated as a gallery
of statuary and sculpture by the first masters, as a study
for native artists. The demesne, which is very exten-
sive and tastefully laid out, includes the hill of Castle-
warden, on which are the remains of an ancient fortifica-
tion ; and nearly in the centre is a picturesque lake.
A constabulary police force is stationed at Lyons. The
parish is in the diocese of Kildare, and is a rectory,
forming part of the union of Kill ; the tithe rent-charge
is £57. 1'2. 4. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is part of the district of Kill and Lyons ; the
chapel, a neat plain building, erected in 1810, is embel-
lished with a bronze crucifix '2^ feet high, given by Pope
Pius VIL to Lord Cloncurry, and, together with an
elegant font of white marble brought from Rome, pre-
sented by his lordship to the chapel.
M
MACDARA, an island, in the parish of Moyrvs,
poor-law union of Clikden, barony of Ballynahinch,
county of Galway, and province of Connaught, 1.5
miles (S.) from Clifdeu, and on the western coast : the
population is returned with the parish. It comprises
about '29 statute acres ; and contains the ruins of an
ancient stone-roofed church or chapel, which is tradi-
tionally said to have been the abode of the patron saint
of Connemara.
MACETOWN, a parish, in the union of Dun-
SHAUGHLiN, barony of Skreen, county of Meath, and
province of Leinster, 4^ miles (X. E.) from Dun-
shaughlin, and near the road from Ratoath to Navan ;
containing 374 inhabitants. It comprises 19915 statute
acres ; the land is of medium quality. Macetown is a
chapelry, in the diocese of Meath, forming part of the
union of Kilmessan : the rectory is impropriate in the
Marquess of Drogheda, and the tithe rent-charge is £51,
of which £43. 10. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the iucurabeut. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Skryne. Here are the ruins of an ancient castle.
MACLONEIGH, a parish, in the union of Macroom,
barony of West Mvskerry, county of Cork, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, '2 miles (S.) from Macroom ; con-
taining 16'2'2 inhabitants. It is bounded on the north
by the river Lee, and comprises 380S statute acres. In
some places the soil is deep and loamy, in others inclin-
ing to stiff clay, and in others light and friable ; about
two-thirds of the land are under tillage, and the re-
mainder consists of rough mountain-pasture and bog,
of which latter there is a considerable portion near the
river. Agriculture is in a very backward state, the old
heavy wooden plough being still used ; and much of the
land is cultivated with the spade. Macloneigh is a
rectory, in the diocese of Cork, forming part of the
union of Kilmichael : the tithe rent-charge is £187. 10.
Vol. II.— 289
The glebe-house, a neat mansion, stands here, on a
glebe of 48 acres of good land ; the church of the union
is in Kilmichael. In the Roman Catholic divisiouM the
parish is part of the district of Kilmichael : the chapel,
at Toames, is a small neat edifice, erected in 1H31. The
parochial school is supported by the rector ; another
school is aided by a bequest of £10 per annum from the
late Mrs. Margaret Urowne, of Castleview ; and there is
a national school at Toames, for which a school-house
was built in 1833, at an expense of £90. The ruins of
the parish church are situated near the glebe-house; it
was a spacious edifice nearly 80 feet long, of which the
gables and south walls are still nearly entire ; the doors
and windows are of hewn stone, but of rude con-
struction.
MACOSQUIN, or CAMUS-juxta-BANN, a parish, in
the union and barony of Coleraine, county of Lon-
donderry, and province of Ulster, '2 miles (S. S. W.)
from Coleraine, on the road to Dublin ; containing
6545 inhabitants. The place derived its latter name,
which is the more ancient, from the foundation of a
monastery at Cambos or Camus, on the river Bann, by
St. Comgal, in 580 ; and the former, by which it is
more generally known, from the Cistercian abbey of St.
Mary de Fontana or Macosquin, founded in 117- by the
family of OCahan. This latter estubhshment became
very celebrated as the resort of numerous pilgrims ;
continued to flourish till the Dissolution ; and was
granted in 1609 by James I. to the Irish Society, by
whom the church of Macosquin was made parochial.
The parish is chiefly the property of the Richardson
family, who hold in perpetuity under the Merchant-
Tailors' Company : it is situated on the river Bann, by
which it is bounded on the east ; and comprises 17,804j
statute acres, of which 65| are in the river. The land
is generally not of very good quality ; there are exten-
sive tracts of bog and mountain, which might be brought
into cultivation at a moderate expense. Basaltic stone
of excellent quality for building is scattered over the
parish, and is quarried for that purpose and for mend-
ing the roads ; granite, porphyry, and clay-slate are
found in the channels of several of the numerous rivu-
lets ; and iron-ore is also very abundant, especially in
the townland of Drumcroon, but the mines have never
been worked in consequence of the high price of coal.
There are several gentlemen's seats in the neighbour-
hood, most of them surrounded with extensive and
thriving plantations, which form a conspicuous and in-
teresting feature in a district generally destitute of
timber." Of these, the principal are Somerset, Green-
field, Ardverness, Drumcroon, Dromore, Ballyness,
Castleroe, and Camus House. The linen manufacture
was formerly carried on to a verj- great extent, especially
in the finer fabrics, and there were until recently four
large bleach-greens capable of finishing 60,000 pieces
annually, all of which were in full operation ; but the
trade has so much declined, that one only is now kept
partially at work. The salmon-fishery first granted to
Sir Arthur Chichester in 1605, and afterwards to the
Irish Society, is situated at a place called " the Cutts :'
the tide flows up, but the river Bann, though navigable
here, is unavailable to the benefit of the parish ; the
navigation being prevented by fords, and by the '• Cutts
about a mile from the bridge of Coleraine. The courts
Icet and baron attached to the manor have not been held
•2 P
M A C R
M A C R
for some time ; the jurisdiction of the court of Coleraine
extends over this parish, and all pleas are now referred
to it.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and
in the patronage of the Bishop, hut the advowson is
claimed by the Irish Society ; the tithe rent-charge is
£450. The glebe-house was built about 80 years since
at an expense of £738. 9. ; the glebes comprise 250
Cunningham acres, valued at £250 per annum. The
church, a very spacious structure, was new-roofed and
repaired in 1826, at an expense of £500; and has since
been enlarged, at a cost of £200. In the Roman Catho-
lic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Kill-
owen or Coleraine : there are places of worship for
Presbyterians at Englishtown and Crossgare ; also one
for Covenanters at Ringrash. The small remains of the
monastery founded by St. Comgal were taken down, to
build a wall round the burial-ground : among them was
a very ancient stone cross, having four compartments,
in each of which were three of the Apostles sculptured
in high relief, and profusely ornamented with scrolls
and wreaths ; it was removed from its socket, and now
forms a gate-pillar in the wall. There was also an
ancient font, to which, previously to the removal
of the cross, the people resorted in great numbers.
Several stone and bronze celts have been found chiefly
in the bogs ; also fossilized tubs of butter, one of which,
weighing 22 lb., is preserved at Drumcroon. There are
five forts, and several artificial caves, one of which, at
Ballywilliam, contains five apartments. There are also
several strong chalybeate springs in the parish, of which
those at Drumcroon and Greenfield contain iron, sul-
phur, and magnesia in solution, with a considerable
portion of carbonic-acid gas.
MACRONY, a parish, in the union of Fermoy,
barony of Condons and Clongibbons, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, 2 miles (N. N. E.) from Kil-
worth, on the road to Lismore ; containing 3406 inha-
bitants. It comprises 83*1 statute acres: the land,
though in general of an inferior quality, is chiefly under
tillage, a large portion of the mountain waste having
been lately brought into cultivation ; there is a small
portion of bog. Limestone raised in the adjoining parish
is generally burnt for manure, and slate was formerly
worked in the vicinity. The river Araglyn, which sepa-
rates this parish from Leitrim, winds through a vale
covered on both sides with a dense wood of oak, chiefly
planted by W. C. Collis, Esq. At the head of the vale,
at a place called The Furnace, iron-ore was worked to
a great extent, and smelted on the spot ; but the
timber becoming too valuable for fuel, the works were
discontinued about 80 years since. There are two small
corn-mills on the river, employed in grinding oats.
Near The Furnace, where the counties of Cork,Tipperary,
and Waterford meet, is a station of the constabulary
police, supported at the joint expense of the three coun-
ties. Castle Cooke, a seat, is beautifully situated on the
Araglyn, in the midst of extensive and valuable planta-
tions. The parish is in the diocese of Cloyne ; the
rectory is impropriate in the representatives of Messrs.
E. & B. Norcott, and the vicarage forms part of the
union of Kilworth ; the tithe rent-charge is £345, pay-
able in equal portions to the impropriator and the vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the parish is part
of the union of Kilworth, and has a chapel.
290
MACROOM, or Macromp, a market and post town,
a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of West
MusKERRv, county of Cork, and province of Munster,
24 miles (W. by N.) from Cork, and 145 (S. W.) from
Dublin ; containing "227 inhabitants, of whom 4794 are
in the town. This place is said to have derived its name,
signifying in the Irish language " a crooked oak," from
a large oak-tree that formerly grew in the market-
square. It appears to owe its origin to the erection of
a castle, which, according to Sir Richard Cox, was built
in the reign of John by the family of the Carews. This
castle subsequently became the property of the M'^Car-
tys, and was repaired and beautified by Teigue M'^Carty,
who died here in 1565. It was taken in 1602, after a
long siege, by Sir Charles Wilmot, just as he was about
to draw off his forces to Cork agreeably to the orders
of the Lord-President, who was apprehensive that its
owner Dermot M'^Carty, having made his escape from
him, would attempt to cut off the retreat of the be-
sieging army. On this occasion the garrison were com-
pelled to abandon the fortress by the breaking out of
an accidental fire, v^hich raged so furiously as to threaten
its destruction ; and the English forces rushing in, ex-
tinguished the flames, and, leaving a garrison for its
defence, marched directly to Cork. In 1650, the Roman
Catholic Bishop of Ross assembled an army of 4000 foot
and 300 horse from the western part of the county, to
relieve Clonmel, at that time besieged by Cromwell ;
but on the approach of Lord Broghill with 2000 of the
parliamentarian cavalry, the bishop set fire to the castle,
and concentrated his forces in the park, where, being
attacked by Lord Broghill, they were defeated, and their
leader taken prisoner. Ireton, being soon afterwards
made president of Munster, despatched a party of his
forces from Kilkenny to this place, who burned both
the castle and the town. In 1691, the garrison was
severely pressed by a body of native troops in the ser-
vice of James II. ; but on the approach of Major Kirk
with 300 dragoons, they abandoned the siege, and re-
treated with considerable loss.
Macroom, some years since, was the joint property
of the Earl of Bandon and the late Robert Hedges Eyre,
Esq., and received comparatively little improvement j
but after it became the sole property of the latter gentle-
man, considerable progress was made in improving its
appearance and the condition of its inhabitants. The
town is pleasantly situated in a healthy open vale sur-
rounded by hills of moderate elevation, and enlivened
and fertilised by the winding course of the river Sullane,
near which the town is built : there is an old bridge of
nine arches adjoining the castle ; and about half a mile
below it, where the Sullane receives the waters of the
Lany, is another stone bridge of nine arches, about a
mile to the east of which the stream discharges itself
into the river Lee. The approaches on every side are
through long lines of cabins, of which those to the west
of the old bridge have been rebuilt in a neat and com-
fortable style, and roofed with slate. The place consists
of one street, nearly a mile in length, and towards the
western extremity having a wider space, in which is a
newly erected market-house, forming one side of a
square, the opposite side of which is occupied by the
hotel and the castle gateway : the inhabitants are sup-
plied with water from the river. Though troops are
often stationed here, there is no barrack : the proprietor
M A C 11
M A C R
of the town has offL-red to goN crnimiit a sulFitient (luan-
tity of ground, rent-tree, for the erection of a suitable
building for the accomroodation of the troops. There
are no fixed sources of public amusement ; but the town
is frequently enlivened by the lovers of field sports and
steeple-chaces, for which the neighbourhood is cele-
brated.
Two flour-mills and two tanyards are at present in
operation ; and there were formerly a distillery and salt-
works, which have been discontinued. The principal
trade is in corn, which is brought into the town daily
by the farmers, and purchased on account of the Cork
merchants ; the quantity sold during a recent year
exceeded 39,000 barrels. In the excise arrangements
the town is within the district of Cork. The market is
on Saturday, and is abundantly supplied with butchers'
meat, vegetables, and provisions at a moderate jjrice ;
and from January till May there is a weekly market for
pigs, many of which are slaughtered here and afterwards
sent to Cork. From May till the end of the year,
monthly cattle-fairs are held, those of May and Dec.
on the 14th, and the others on the l'2th. Here is a
chief constabulary police force, for whose accommoda-
tion a handsome barrack has been built. A manorial
court for the recovery of debts not exceeding £'l is held
every third week before the seneschal, the jurisdiction
of which is very extensive, comprehending several
parishes in addition to that of Macroom. The quarter-
sessions for the West Riding of the county are held
here in December, and the petty-sessions for this
division of the barony of Muskerry, on alternate Tues-
days. The court-house is a neat building of hewn lime-
stone, ornamented with a cornice and pediment sup-
ported by two broad pilasters, between which is a Vene-
tian window ; and connected with it is a bridewell.
The PARISH comprises 1'2,667 statute acres. About
four-fifths are under tillage, the remainder being rough
mountain pasture and bog ; the system of agriculture is
in a state of progressive improvement ; there is little
waste land except the rocky parts of the mountains,
and the bog affords an ample supply of fuel. Here are
quarries of clay-slate, which is used for building. In
the mountains of Muskerry-More, consisting principally
of schistose rock, and forming a detached portion of the
parish, are several thin strata of freestone of very white
colour and good quality ; and in a rivulet on the south
side is a thin seam of coal, which dips very rapidly. The
scenery is richly diversified, and in many parts beauti-
fully picturesque j and there are several gentlemen's seats
in the parish. Of these, the principal is Mocroom Cas-
tle, the residence of the late Robert Hedges Eyre, Esq.,
who converted the ancient castle into an elegant modern
mansion, in which the old towers are so perfectly incor-
porated as to be scarcely distinguishable from the rest
of the building. During the alterations, a S'i-lb. cannon-
ball was taken out of the walls. More recently, an ad-
ditional tower and range of buildings have been erected
at the rear, and many improvements have been made.
The mansion is a spacious quadrangular structure with
embattled parapets, and richly mantled with ivy, on the
side fronting the demesne, which is bounded on the
north by the river SuUane and extends over a beautifully
wooded ridge to the south and west, including a spacious
deer-park. The present owner is the Hon. William H.
White Hedges, second son of the Earl of Bantrv, and
291^
nephew of the late Mr. Hedges Eyre. Muunt-Masiey
occupies a conspicuous site above the northern bank of
the Sullane, and is encircled with a grove of fir-treen.
Hdckburoif^h is pleasantly situated in a retired t-pot,
about two miles to the west of the town, and is diKtin-
guished for the beauty and variety of its scenery, in
which wood and water, barren rock and verdant hill,
are pleasingly combined. Sandy-Hill is also pleasantly
situated, commanding a fine view of the castle and its
wooded demesne. Covlcnwcr, a handsome mansion with
stone pillars, recently built, is about a mile and a half
to the south-cast of the town, and is embosomed in a
richly wooded demesne. I'irnlU-, a lately erected man-
sion, is romantically situated at the extremity of a pic-
turesque glen, on the northern bank of the Sullane,
near its confluence with the Lany ; and Cuokliarif, also
recently erected, is on the same bank of the river, but
at a greater distance from its confluence. Codrum House,
and Codrum, are also in the parish.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
tithe rent-charge is £360, and there are six acres of
glebe. A handsome rectory-house was built in 1840,
by the Rev. W. Halloran, then incumbent, at a cost of
£800 ; it is prettily situated in a field to the north of
the church, and commands a fine view of the river, and
the castle and demesne. The church, towards the erec-
tion of which the Board of First Fruits granted a loan
of £1000, in 1824, is a small edifice in the later English
style, with an enriched porch, and is attached to the
tower of the ancient structure ; it is situated .it the
western extremity of the town, opposite to the castle,
and close adjoining the bridge. In the Roman Catholic
divisions this parish is the head of a district, comprising
also part of the parish of Ahinagh : the chapel here is
a handsome edifice, with a square embattled tower
strengthened with buttresses and crowned with pinna-
cles; and there is also a chapel at Ahinagh. Male and
female scriptural schools are .supported by the Hon. W.
H. White Hedges, and the rector ; and a school held in
the chapel-yard is aided by the National Board. The
town is the centre of a large dispensary district, to
which are attached two physicians and an apothecary :
the dispensary is managed by a committee, treasurer,
and secretary ; is supported by subscription and pre-
sentments ; and is of great advantage to the poor. A
fever hospital is now in course of erection, to contain 40
beds and all suitable conveniences ; the estimated cost
is £6.50. There is also a charitable loan-fund society, in
connexion with the Dublin Loan-Fund Board ; it has been
four years in operation, and is of great benefit in pro-
moting industry and order among the poorer inhabi-
tants. The union workhouse is near the west entrance
to the town, on a site of six acres purchased for £.500 ;
it was completed in 1841, at a co>-t of about £7000, and
is constructed to contain 600 paupers.
On the lands of Codrum, about half a mile to the
west of the town, is a large stone of clay-slate, inserted
in a wall on the road side, with the following inscrip-
tion still letrible: d.e.o.c. 1686, h.f. fecit. ; implying
that Donald, Earl of Clancarty, caused the wall to be
erected. On the same lands are the remains of an en-
campment, in which is a spacious subterranean cavern,
the extent of which has not been ascertained ; pieces of
iron and other metal, much corroded, and apparently
2P2
M A G H
M A G H
portions of ancient military weapons, have frequently
been found here ; the entrance has been closed up, to
prevent accidents to the cattle. There are two chaly-
beate springs, one on the lands of Ballyvirane, and the
other, recently discovered, on the lands of Cooleanne ;
the water is similar m its properties to that of Leaming-
ton i they are both much used, and have been found
efficacious in scrofulous and leprous diseases. Sir William
Penn, a distinguished admiral, and father of William
Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, in America, was
born at Macroom Castle.
MACULLY, or Muckalee, a parish, partly in the
barony of Iverk, but chiefly in the barony of Knock-
TOPHER, county of Kilkenny, and province of Lein-
STER,7 miles (S. byW.) from Knocktopher ; containing
651 inhabitants. The parish comprises 2*12 statute
acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, and
forms part of the union of Kilculliheen : the tithe rent-
charge is £79. 10. 8. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Slieraugh.
MAGAUNAGH, or Moygawna, a parish, in the
union of Ballina, barony of Tyrawley, county of
Mayo, and province of Connahght, 7 miles (S. W.)
from Killala, and on the road from Crossmoliua to
Ballycastle ; containing 2107 inhabitants. This parish
is situated on the river Awenraore, and comprises
20,269 statute acres ; the land is light, and partly
under tillage, with some pasture, and great quantities of
bog and mountain : limestone abounds. The principal
seats are Belleville, Glenmore, and Stonehall. It is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Killala, forming part of the
union of Crossmolina ; the rectory is partly appropriate
to the precentorship of Killala, and partly to the vicars-
choral of Christ Church, Dublin. The tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £82. 10. The Roman Catholic parish
is co-extensive with that of the Established Church;
the chapel is small, and in bad repair.
MAGHAREE ISLANDS.— See Killeiny.
MAGHERA, a parish, in the union of Kilkeel,
barony of Upper Iveagh, county of Down, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 2 miles (S. W.) from Castlewellan,
and on the road from Bryansford to Downpatrick ;
containing 1.505 inhabitants, of whom I66 are in the
village. This parish, which is bounded on the east by
a branch of the inner bay of Dundrura, comprises 32145:
statute acres. The soil is various ; in some parts ex-
tremely fertile, and in others sandy, with detached por-
tions of marsh and bog : the marshy grounds afford
good pasture. The principal seats are Tollymore and
Church Hill, both handsome residences. The living is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Down, and in the patronage
of the Bishop, to whom the rectory is appropriate : the
tithe rent-charge is £157. 10., of which £97. 10. are
payable to the see, and the remainder to the vicar. The
glebe comprises 19^ statute acres, valued at £36 per
annum. The church, towards the erection of which the
late Board of First Fruits gave £900 in 1825, is a small
neat edifice, about a quarter of a mile from the village.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Bryansford, or Lower Kilcoo. The
parochial school was founded in 1826, by the late J.
Keowen, Esq., who built the school-house on the glebe,
and endowed it with £5 per annum ; at Tollymore is a
neat school-house, built by Mrs. Keowen. Near the
church are the ruins of the ancient church, of which the
292
western gable and south wall remain; the beautiful
Norman arch at the western entrance is in good preser-
vation ; the windows in the south wall are narrow, and
of elegant design. Near the new church, also, are the
remains of an ancient round tower, the upper part of
which, from the height of 20 feet above the base, was
thrown down by a storm in 1704, and lay in an unbroken
column on the ground ; the doorway, in that portion
which is still erect, is towards the east, and 7 feet from
the ground. About a mile from the church are the re-
mains of a large cromlech, the table-stone of which is
supported on three upright pillars ; in a narrow lane to
the west is an upright stone 13 feet high and having
5 sides ; while in an adjoining field is a block of granite
capped with a conical stone of greywacke.
MAGHERA, a market and post town, and a parish,
in the union of Magherafelt, barony of Loughin-
sHOLiN, county of Londonderry, and province of
Ulster, 16 miles (S.) from Coleraine, and 102 (N.)
from Dublin, on the coach-road to Coleraine ; containing
14,511 inhabitants, of whom 1123 are in the town.
This place is evidently of great antiquity ; and though
there is no precise account of the original foundation of
an abbey for Canons Regular, said to have been esta-
blished here at a very early period, yet it is certain that
the ancient see of Ardstra or Ardsrath was removed, in
597, to this town, which continued to be the seat of the
diocese till 11 58, when it was united to the see of Derry,
and the cathedral church established in that city. The
town appears to have declined rapidly in importance
after that period ; and few events of historical interest
occur, except occasional depredations during the insur-
rections of the O'Nials (to whom the surrounding ter-
ritory belonged) and in the war of 1641, during which
it was burned by the insurgents under Macdonnell. In
1688, the town, which had scarcely recovered from its
former devastation, was assaulted by the Irish adherents
of James II., and the inhabitants were compelled to
abandon their houses, and seek refuge in the city of
Derry. During the disturbances of 1798 it enjoyed
comparative tranquillity, and it has since been gradually
increasing in extent and importance.
It consists of one long and spacious street, from which
several smaller streets branch off; and contains 201
houses, most of which are modern buildings of stone,
roofed with slate, and of handsome appearance : the
town is a great thoroughfare, and is amply supplied
with excellent water. The inhabitants are principally
employed in agriculture, and in the linen manufacture,
which is extensively carried on in the parish ; and at
Upperland is a bleach-green, where about 8000 pieces
are annually finished for the English and American
markets : there are also numerous corn and flax mills
on the different streams, of which the Moyola forms
part of the southern boundary of the parish. The
general market, on Tuesday, is amply supplied with
all kinds of provisions ; a market is also held on Friday,
chiefly for grain ; and there are fairs on the last Tues-
day in every month, for cattle, sheep, pigs, and pedlery.
The market-house, the property of A. Clarke, Esq., of
Upperland, is a large neat building, erected in 1833, on
a rising ground in the centre of the town; and over it is
a spacious room in which petty-sessions are held on
alternate Saturdays, and a manorial court monthly, in
which debts under 40s. are recoverable.
M A G II
M A G H
The PARISH comprises 24,79 li statute acres, the
greater portion good arable and pasture land ; there is
some of inferior quality, and a large tract of waste and
bog. The mountain district is very extensive, and
abounds with grouse and every other kind of game.
The system of agriculture is improved, and the highlands
afford excellent pasturage for cattle : the vale of the
Moyola, and the vicinity of the town, are extremely
productive ; and in the bogs are several fertile spots,
called by the country people " islands," which are in a
good state of cultivation. Limestone, found on the
estate of the Mercers' Company, is extensively quarried,
and is productive of great benefit to the neighbourhood.
On the plantation of Ulster, the lands of the ancient see
of Maghera were confirmed to the Bishop of Derry, and
other parts of the parish were assigned by James I. to
the Mercers', Vintners', Salters', and Drapers' Com-
panies of London, who still retain possession of their
manors. The principal seats are Maghera House, Fair-
view, Rowens Gift, Upperland, and Clover Hill.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and
in the patronage of the Bishop j the tithe rent-charge
is £761. 10. 9. The glebe-house was built in 1825, at
an expense of £3077- 6., of which £1278. 2. were a grant
from the late Board of First Fruits, and the remainder
was defrayed by the incumbent ; the glebe comprises
907|- acres, valued at £6ol. 10. per annum. The church,
a neat edifice of stone with a square embattled tower
crowned with pinnacles, towards which the same Board
granted a loan of £1363. 6., was erected in 1819; the
east window is embellished with stained glass, presented
by the lady of the late Bishop Knox. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also the parish of Killelagh and part of that
of Termoneeny ; the chapel at Lamny is a plain modern
edifice, and there is also a chapel at Fallagloon, a hand-
some building with a campanile turret and a bell. There
are places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion
with the General Assembly. The parochial schools,
held in a large building near the church, erected in 1821
at an expense of £400, of which £100 were a parlia-
mentary grant and £125 were given by the Mercers'
Company, are supported by the rector ; a school at
Swattragh is aided by the Mercers' Company, and one
at Craigadick by Mr. Clarke. There are also 15 private
schools, in which are about 550 children ; and three
Sunday schools. A voluntary poor fund and a dispen-
sary have been established.
The ruins of the old church are highly interesting, and
some portions bear marks of very remote antiquity :
over the west entrance is a representation of the Cruci-
fixion, rudely sculptured in high relief, with ten of the
Apostles ; and in the churchyard are the tomb and
pillar of Leuri, the patron saint, whose grave was
opened some years since, when a silver crucifix was
found in it, which was carefully replaced. About three
miles from the town is Boon Gladi/, a very large and
perfect rath, which gives name to one of the townlands ;
it is encompassed with treble walls aud a trench. There
are several other raths and forts in the parish. Nume-
rous celts, swords, spear- heads, and ornaments of
bronze and brass, have been found in the parish and
vicinity, and are in the possession of the rector. Some
remains exist of ancient iron-w'orks, established at
Druraconready in the reign of Charles I., and destroyed
in 1641 ; they consist of the foundations of the build-
ings, and heaps of half-smelted ore and charcoal.
MAGHERACLOONY, a parish, in the union of
Bailiehokough, barony of Farney, county of Mona-
CHAN, and province of Ulster, 2^ miles (S. \V.) from
Kii)gscourt ; on the confines of the counties of Louth,
Cavan, and Meath, and on the coach-road from Dublin
to Londonderry ; containing 9012 inhabitants. On the
verge of this parish, at the ford of Bellahoo, a battle was
fought in 1539, between the Lord Grey, and O'Nial and
O'Donell ; at the same spot one was also fought by
General Ireton. The parish comprises 14,952 statute
acres (including 336^ under water) principally good
arable and pasture land ; there are a few detached
bogs, and some extensive plantations, but scarcely any
waste land. Of late years, the land has been much im-
proved by draining and the large quantity of lime used
as manure : limestone is abundant in the southern part ;
coal of indifferent quality is also found. A branch of
the river Leggan bounds the parish for about four mile.s
on the south-west : the principal lakes are those of Fea,
Feo, Rahans, and Graghlone, besides which there are
some smaller. The seats are, Lough-Fea Castle, the
residence of the Shirley family, a spacious and hand-
some structure in the Elizabethan style of architecture,
situated in a richly planted demesne including Lough
Fea within its limits ; Derry ; and Coolderry.
The LIVING is a vicarage, in the diocese of Clogher,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is im-
propriate in Colonel Moore, and the tithe rent-charge is
£937. 10., of which £515 are payable to the impro-
priator, and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe-
house, erected in 1816, cost £941. 10. 9i-, of which
£323. 1. were a gift, and £415. 7- a loan, from the
late Board of First Fruits, the residue having been
supplied by the incumbent ; the glebe comprises 40
acres, valued at £60 per annum. The church is a neat
structure, built in 1835, at an expense of £738. 9.,
being a loan from the same Board. The Roman Catho-
lic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church, and has chapels at Rocks and Corlan : the
latter, a spacious oblong structure, 90 feet by 40, was
erected in 1825, and has a burial-ground attached ; the
site was given by E. J. Shirley, Esq., who contributed
£25 towards the building. The parochial school-house
is a good slated building, erected at an expense of £150,
part of which was a grant from the Lord-Lieutenant's
school fund.
>L\GHERACROSS, a parish, in the poor-law unions
of Enniskillen and Lowtherstown, partly in the
barony of Omagh, county of Tyrone, and partly in the
barony of Lurg, but chiefly in that of Tvrkennedy,
county of Fermanagh, and province of Ulster, 5i
miles (N. by E.) from Enniskillen, on the road to Omagh ;
containing 5202 inhabitants. The parish extends from
north to south nearly five miles, and the same from east
to west ; and comprises 10,452^: statute acres, of which
343| are in the barony of Omagh, and 170.^ in Lurg:
71 are water. About 50 acres are woodland, 1500
waste and bog, and the remainder of the land good
arable and pasture ; the soil is fertile, the system of
agriculture improved, and there is a due supply of peat
for fuel. The principal seats are Jamestown and Crock-
nacrieve. A large fair, chiefly for horses, is held on
Feb. 12th at Ballinamallard, where is a receiving-house
M A G H
for letters in connexion with Enniskillen and Omagh.
The hving is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Clogher, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent'-charge is £'246. 8. 4. There is no glebe-house ; the
glebe comprises 300 acres, valued at £1/6 per annum,
the church was recently built, partly by subscription,
but chiefly at the expense of the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Whitehall, or Derry-
vullen ; the chapel is a small thatched building. There
are places of worship for Wesleyan and Primitive-AVes-
leyan Methodists, in connexion with the Established
Church. About 600 children are taught in the paro-
chial and six other pubhc schools ; and there are five
private schools, in which are about '200 children ; two
Sunday schools ; and a dispensary.
MAGHERACULMONY, a parish, in the union of
LowTHERSTOwN, barony of Lurg, county of Fer-
M.\NAGH, and province of Ulster, on the road from
Ballyshannon to Omagh ; containing, with the post-
town of Kesh, 70'21 inhabitants. This parish is situated
on Lough Erne, and comprises, including islands,
1S,,577 statute acres, of which 3843| are in Lower
Lough Erne. With the exception of about 1500 acres
of mountain or Turbary, the land is of good quality :
it is chiefly in pasture : that portion of it which is under
tillage produces fair crops, and the system of agriculture
is improving. There are some quarries of excellent
limestone, worked for agricultural purposes, and also of
freestone of good quality, raised for building ; coal is
found in the parish, but not worked. Fairs are held at
Ederney and Kesh, luhich see; and petty-sessions arc
also held at the latter place, on alternate Mondays. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Clo-
gher, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-
charge is £191- 5. The glebe-house was built in 1780,
at an expense of £808. 4. ; the glebe comprises 374
acres valued at £3'26, and 46 acres in the possession of
the incumbent, valued at £69 per annum. The church,
a plain neat building, was repaired, and enlarged by the
addition of a gallery, in IS'25,at an expense of £'276. 18.,
for which a loan was granted from the Consolidated
Fund. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish, with
the exception of three townlands, forms part of the dis-
trict of Drumkeeran. In the deer-park of Colonel
Archdall are the ruins of some monastic buildings ;
there are also remains of Crevenish Castle, near which
is a strongly impregnated sulphuric spring, the water of
which is similar to that of Harrogate.
MAGHERADROLL, a parish, partly in the barony
of Lower Iveagh, but chiefly in that of Kinelarty,
union of Downpatrick, county of Down, and province
of Ulster, on the road from Dromore to Saintfield ;
containing, with the post-town of Ballinahinch (which
is separately described), 76OI inhabitants. This parish
comprises 1'2,5.5'2 statute acres, of which 6'28i are in the
barony of Lower Iveagh, and the remainder in Kinelarty :
176|- acres are water, and of the remainder, about two-
thirds are land of the richest quality and in the highest
state of cultivation ; the other portion, though inferior,
is still fertile, and there is scarcely any waste land.
Slate of excellent quality is found in the townland of
Ballyraacarne, but not worked. Nearly in the centre of
the parish is Montalto, formerly the seat of the Earl of
Moira, by whom it was built ; the mansion is spacious,
294
M A GH
and the demesne extensive. During the disturbances of
1798, a party of insurgents took up a position in the
park, from which they were driven by the king's forces
with great loss. The weaving of linen, cotton, and mus-
lin, is carried on extensively ; and there are two large
bleach-greens in the parish.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dromore,
and in the patronage of the Bishop, to whom the rectory
is appropriate: the tithe rent-charge is £581. 7. 9., of
which £150 are payable to the vicar, and the remainder
to the bishop. The glebe-house, towards which the
Board of First Fruits granted a gift of £400 and a loan
of £400, in ISI7, is a handsome residence; and the
glebe comprises 42 acres valued at £86 per annum, and
some gardens let to labourers at £5 per annum. The
church, built in 1830 at an expense of £850 advanced
on loan by the same Board, is a neat edifice with a
tower and spire, and is situated close to the town of
Ballinahinch. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Duriraore, or Mag-
hera-Hamlet ; the chapel, at Ballinahinch, is a large
and handsome edifice. There are places of worship for
Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly.
The late S. M. Johnstone, Esq., bequeathed one-third
of the profits of a work entitled The Medley, published
in 1802, amounting to about £4. 3. 4. per annum, which
sum is annually distributed among the poor at Christ-
mas. There are some remains of the ancient church,
about a mile from the town, with a large cemetery in
which are interred several of the powerful family of the
Magennises, of Kilwarlin.
MAGHERAFELT, a market and post town, a parish,
and the head of a union, in the barony of Loughinsho-
LiN, county of Londonderry, and province of Ulster,
30 miles (S. E. byE.) from Londonderry, and 96 (N. N.W.)
from Dublin, on the road from Armagh to Coleraine ;
containing, with part of the post-town of Castle-Dawson,
(which is separately described), 7649 inhabitants, of
whom 1560 are in the town of Magherafelt. This place
suffered materially in the war of 1641 ; the town was
plundered by the insurgents, who destroyed the church,
put many of the inhabitants to death, and carried off
several of the more w ealthy with a view to obtain money
for their ransom. In 1 688 the town was again plundered,
but on the approach of the assailants, the inhabitants
took refuge in the Carntogher mountains, and subse-
quently found an asylum in Derry ; on this occasion the
church, having been appropriated by the enemy as a
barrack, was preserved. The town, which is large and
well built, consists of a spacious square, from which four
principal streets diverge at the angles, and from these
branch off several smaller streets in various directions ;
the total number of houses is 255, most of which are of
stone and roofed with slate. The linen manufacture is
carried on very extensively by the Messrs. Walker, who
employ more than 1000 persons inweaving at their own
houses, and nearly 100 on the premises in preparing the
yarn and warps ; the manufacture is rapidly increasing.
In the excise arrangements the town is within the dis-
trict of Coleraine. Branches of the Belfast and Northern
Banks have been established. The principal market is
on Thursday, and is abundantly supplied with all kinds
of provisions ; great quantities of pork, butter, and flax,
are exposed for sale. There are also very extensive
markets on the second Thursday in every month, called
MAG n
M A G II
the " Big markets," for linen and yarn, which are sold
to the amount of £33,000 annually ; a market on ISIon-
(lay for barley and oats ; and on Wednesday for wheat.
Fairs, whieh are among the largest in the county, are
held on the last Thursday in every month, for cattle,
sheep, and pigs. The market-house is a plain square
building of hewn basalt, situated in the centre of the
square ; in the upper part arc rooms for transacting
public business. The quarter-sessions for the county
are held here four times in the year, and petty-sessions
on alternate Wednesdays ; a manorial court is held
monthly by the seneschal of the Salters' Company, for
the recovery of debts under £'2. There is a constabulary
police station. The court-house is a commodious edi-
fice, adjoining which is the bridewell, containing four
cells, two day-rooms, and two yards.
The PARISH, which is bounded on the north-east by
the river Moyola, comprises, according to the Ordnance
survey, 8290^ statute acres ; the greater portion is very
productive land, and the system of agriculture is im-
proved. The principal substratum is basalt, which, in
the townland of Polepatrick, has a columnar tendency ;
limestone of good quality is abundant. The seats are
Millbrook, Glenbrook, and Prospect. Considerable im-
provements are contemplated, tending greatly to promote
the prosperity of the district. The lands immediately
around it belong to the Salters' Company, and are at
present leased for a limited term of years to the Mar-
quess of Londonderry and Sir R. Bateson, Bart. : other
lands, in the manor of ISIaghera, belong to the see of
Derry ; some, in the manor of Moneymore, to the
Drapers' Company ; some, in the manor of Bellaghy,
to the Vintners' Company ; and the manor of Castle-
Dawson to the Right Hon. G. R. Dawson. The Dublin
and Coleraine Junction railway will pass close to the
town, and have a station here.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh,
and in the patronage of the Lord Primate : the tithe
rent-charge is £337. 10. The glebe-house was built
in 1*87, at an expense of £.574. 18., of which £9'2. 6.
were a gift, and the remainder a loan, from the late Board
of First Fruits ; the present incumbent has much im-
proved it, and his immediate predecessor repaired it at
a cost of £440: the glebe comprises 403a. ^Ir. \7[i.
statute measure, valued at £'270 per annum. The
church, situated in the town, is a handsome edifice
built in 1664, enlarged by the addition of a north aisle
in 1718, and ornamented with a tower and spire in
1790; it has been repaired by a grant of £121 from
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also parts of the parishes of Woods- Chapel,
Desertlyn, and Ballyscullion ; the chapel is at Aghaga-
skin, about a mile from the town. There are places of
worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the General
Assembly, and Wesleyan Methodists. A free school was
founded here by Hugh Rainey, Esq., who, in 1710,
erected a school-house, and bequeathed money to pur-
chase an estate for its endowment ; the estate was after-
wards sold under an act of parliament, subject to an
annual payment of £175 Irish currency, with which the
school is endowed. It is under the patronage and direc-
tion of the Lord Primate, and John Ash Reiny, Esq.,
who resides at the school ; 14 boys are clothed, boarded,
and educated for three years, and afterwards placed out
295
as apprentices with a premium. The parochial schools
are supported by the rector, the Marquess of London-
derry, and Sir Robert Bateson ; and a female work-
school by the Marchioness of Londonderry and Lady
Bateson, by whom the school-house was built. A new
and' handsome parochial school-house has been built by
subscription ; and at Castle-Dawson, also, a new school-
house has been erected : the late incumbent, the Rev.
T. A. Vesey, contributed for these objects £100. A dis-
pensary and a Ladies' Clothing Society have been esta-
blished in the town. The union workhouse, on a site
of six acres given at a nominal rent by the Salters' Com-
pany, was completed in 1841, at a cost of £6600, and
is constructed to receive 900 paupers. There are se-
veral forts in the parish, but none entitled to particular
notice.
MAGHERAGALL, or M.\ragall, a parish, in the
union of Lisuurn, barony of Upper Masseree.ne,
county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, '2i miles
(W. by N.) from Lisburn ; on the road from Hills-
borough to Antrim, and close by the Lagan canal ; con-
taining 3439 inhabitants. During the war of 1641,
this place was the rendezvous of the insurgent forces,
consisting of 8000 men, under Sir Phelim O'Xial and
Sir Con Magennis, previous to their attack on Lisburn ;
whence, after their defeat, they returned to Brook Hill,
in this parish, then the seat of Sir G. Rawdon, which
they burned to the ground, as well as the church ;
slaughtering many of the inhabitants of Ballyclough
and its vicinity. The parish comprises 6555i statute
acres, principally in tillage ; the system of agriculture
has been greatly improved. In the lower parts the
land is generally good, and produces excellent crops ;
but in the upper part it is inferior. It is stated that
the first application of lime, as manure, in the county,
took place here, in 1740, at Brook-Hill. There are
about 50 acres of bog, but no waste land. Limestone
for building and agricultural purposes is abundant, and
very good ; basalt is also found. The weaving of linen
and cotton is carried on for the Lisburn market, and
for the manufacturers of Belfast. The principal seats
are, Brook-Hill, the residence of the Watson family,
in whose demesne a small river disappears, and,
after passing under the hill, re-appears ; and Spring-
field.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Connor,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is ap-
propriate to the see of Down. The tithe rent-charge is
£2'25, of which £150 are paid to the bishop, and £75
to the vicar, who also receives £46. 4. from Primate
Boulter's augmentation fund : there is no glebe-house
or glebe. The church was rebuilt in 1830, by a loan
of £1000 from the Board of First Fruits ,; it is a neat
edifice, with a large tower. There are places of won^hip
for Presbyterians and Wesleyan Methodists. The paro-
chial school-house was built in 1826, chiefly at the
expense of the Marquess of Hertford. Remains of
the old church, which was destroyed in the civil war,
exist near Brook-Hill, and have been converted into a
stable : many human bones have been turned up by the
plough ; and silver and copper coins of the reigns of
Elizabeth, James I., and Charles I., have been found on
the estate of Mr. Watson, and are in his possession.
In the plantations are two circular forts, in a perfect
state, the smaller appearing to have been an outpost to
M A G H
M A GH
the larger. Opposite to these are several large stones,
the remains of a cromlech, here called the Giant's Cave ;
on ploughing the ground near which, in 183", several
urns were found, curiously engraved, and containing
human bones. The late Commodore Watson was pro-
prietor of Brook-Hill, and resided here for a short
period before his return to India, where he died of his
wounds.
MAGHERA-HAMLET, an ecclesiastical district,
in the barony of Kinelarty, union of Downpatrick,
county of Down, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (S.)
from Ballinahinch, and on the road from Dundrum to
Dromore. This district, formerly called Templemoile,
is situated within a mile of the Ballinahinch baths, and
comprises 1S44 statute acres; 753 are mountainous,
and of the remainder, which is poor light land, a small
portion is rocky pasture : the system of agriculture is
improving. There are quarries of stone, which is raised
chiefly for building and for the roads. Part of the
Slieve-Croob mountain is within the district ; and in it
is the source of the river Lagan, which, after flowing by
Dromore and Lisburn, discharges itself into Belfast
lough. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese
of Dromore, and at present in the patronage of the Pre-
bendary of Dromaragh ; but on the removal or death
of the prebendary the patronage will be in the bishop :
the stipend arises from the tithe of 1200 acres applotted
under the act, amounting to £56. 5., and an augmenta-
tion of £23. 2. from Primate Boulter's fund. The
glebe-house, towards which the late Board of First
Fruits gave £450 and granted a loan of £50, was built
in 1S30; the glebe comprises 7 acres, bought by the
same Board from Colonel Forde for £450, and subject
to a rent of £7. 7. The church, which has a small
square tower, is situated at the extremity of the district,
with a view to accommodate the visiters of Ballinahinch
spa ; it was erected at a cost of £500, wholly defrayed
by the Board of First Fruits, in 1814, but is too small
for the congregation. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners
have recommended, on the next avoidance of the pre-
bend of Dromaragh, that the townlands now forming
the perpetual curacy be separated from the prebend,
and formed into a distinct benefice. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this is the head of a union, compris-
ing also the parishes of MaghcradroU and Anahilt, and
called sometimes the union of Dunmore ; in which are
two chapels, one at Dunmore, in this district, and one
at Ballinahinch, in that of Magheradroll. There is a
place of worship for Presbyterians. In the townland of
Drumkeera is an extensive deer-park, the property of
Colonel Forde, encompassed by a wall. At Dunmore is
an old burial-ground, with the remains of a religious
building.
MAGHERALIN, or Maralin, a parish, in the
poor-law union of Lurgan, partly in the barony of
O'Neilland East, county of Armagh, but chiefly in
that of Lower Iveagh, county of Down, and province
of Ulster, li mile (S. W.) from Moira ; on the river
Lagan, and at the junction of the roads from Armagh
to Belfast, from Moira to Lurgan, and from Banbridge
to Antrim ; containing 5476 inhabitants, of whom 342
are in the village. Here stood the monastery of Linn
Huachuille (one townland in the parish being yet called
by that name), the remains of which are by some
thought to be the massive walls oA the north side of the
<296
churchyard ; it was founded by St. Colman, or Mochol-
moc, who died in 699. The ancient palace of the
bishops of Dromore was close to the village, on the site
now occupied by the parochial school ; the last prelate
who resided in it was Bishop Marley. The parish con-
tains, according to the Ordnance survey, 8293^ statute
acres, of which 486;^ are in the county of Armagh, and
the remainder in the county of Down. The lands are
all in tillage, with the exception of a portion of mea-
dow : the system of agriculture is improved. Here are
extensive quarries of limestone, and several kilns, from
which lime is sent into the counties of Antrim, Armagh,
and Down ; this being the western termination of the
great limestone formation that rises near the Giant's
Causeway. There are also good quarries of basalt much
used in building, which dresses easily under the tool ;
and coal and freestone are found in the parish, but
neither has been extensively worked. A new line of
road has been formed hence to Lurgan, a distance of
25 miles, and an excavation made through the village.
An extensive establishment at Springfield, for the
manufacture of cambrics, affords employment for 250
persons ; and at Milltown, a bleach-green annually
finishes upwards of 10,000 pieces for the English
market. The principal seats are Grace Hall, Druinna-
breze, Newforge, Springfield, Edenmore, and Kircas-
sock.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Dromore, forming the corps of the precentorship of
Dromore, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe
rent-charge is £339. 16., exclusively of a moiety of the
tithe of four townlands in the parish of Donaghcloney ;
the gross value of the precentorship, tithe and glebe
inclusive, before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was
£6S4. 17. There is an excellent glebe-house, on a
glebe of 66 acres valued at £138. 12. per annum. The
old church, an ancient edifice having a tower and low
spire, was long used as the cathedral of Dromore : a
very handsome new church, capable of accommodating
600 persons, was opened for divine service on the 4th
of May, 1845. In the Roman Catholic divisions this
parish, Moira, and Aghalee, form the district of Moira ;
it contains a chapel. The parochial school, in the vil-
lage, is aided by an annual donation of £10 from the
incumbent ; the school-house is large and commodious,
with a residence for the master, and was erected at an
expense of £350. There are schools at Ranipark and
Grace Hall, and several other schools. The late Mr,
Douglass, of Grace Hall, made a bequest for clothing
the poor in winter ; and there are some minor charities.
A sulphureous chalybeate spring on the lands of New-
forge, is said to equal in efficacy the waters of Aix-la-
Chapelle.
ftlAGHERALLY, a parish, in the union of Ban-
bridge, barony of Lower Iveagh, county of Down,
and province of Ulster, 3 miles (E.) from Banbridge,
on the road to Downpatrick ; containing 3544 inhabit-
ants. This parish, called also Magherawley, comprises
5243J statute acres, of which 22^ are water, and the
remainder, with the exception of about 150 acres of
bog, good arable and pasture land ; the soil is fertile,
and the system of agriculture improving. Many of the
inhabitants are employed in weaving linen for the
manufacturers at Banbridge. The living is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Dromore, and in the
M A G II
patronage of the Crown : the tithe rent-charge is £163.
1'2. 3. The glebe-house was built in 17B(), at an ex-
pense of £276. 18., of which one-third was a gift from
the Board of First Fruits, and the remainder paid by
the incumbent ; the glebe comprises '20 acres valued at
£30 per annum, held under the see of Dromorc at os.
per annum. The church, a small but handsome modern
edifice with a tower, towards erecting which the Board
of First Fruits gave £'276. 18., is situated on an emin-
ence. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Tullylish. There is a place
of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with the
General Assembly. Besides the parochial school, a
national school is supported in connexion with the
Presbyterian meeting-house : and there are schools at
Ballymoney and Tonaghmore. Numerous forts are
scattered over the parish, but they are rapidly disap-
pearing in consequence of the advancement of agricul-
ture.
MAGHERAMESK, a parish, in the union of Lis-
BURx, barony of Upper Massereene, county of An-
TRi.M, and province of Ulster, 1 mile (N. N. E.) from
Moira, on the road to Belfast ; containing '2040 inha-
bitants. In this parish was the fortress of Innisloghlin,
the stronghold of the O'Nials, supposed to have been
built to defend the frequently contested pass of Kil-
warlin, over which Spencer's bridge, now connecting
the counties of Down and Antrim, has been erected.
It was the last refuge of Hugh, Earl of Tyrone, and was
besieged in 160'2 by Sir Arthur Chichester and Sir H.
Danvers, to whom it was surrendered on the 10th of
August ; upon this occasion, great quantities of jjlate
and valuable property fell into the hands of the victors.
The PARISH comprises 3149^ statute acres of good
arable land in an excellent state of cultivation j the
system of agriculture is highly improved, and there is
neither waste laud nor bog. The weaving of linen and
cotton is carried on here for the manufacturers of Bel-
fast, and many persons are employed in limestone-quar-
ries. The summit level of the canal from Lough Neagh
to Belfast is in the parish.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Connor,
united from time immemorial with the vicarages of
Aghagallen and Aghalce, and in the patronage of the
Marquess of Hertford, in whom the rectory is impro-
priate. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £96. 3.,
of which £'21. 18. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the vicar. The church of the union
is at Aghalee. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is united to Lisliurn. There is a place of wor-
ship for the Society of Friends. Of the ancient fortress
of Innisloghlin there is scarcely a vestige : the ground
was occupied by a farmer, who, in 1S03, levelled the
bulwarks, filled up the intrenchmcnts, and left only a
small fragment of the castle standing ; in levelling the
ground were found many cannon-balls, several antique
rings of gold, and various other valuable articles. In
the townland of Trummery, between Lisburn and Moira,
are the extensive ruins of the ancient parish church ;
close to the eastern gable of which were the remains of
one of the round towers, about 60 feet high, and of the
same diameter throughout, with a conical roof of stone ;
it was levelled with the ground in 1S'2S, and but a small
portion remains, containing a few steps of a spiral stair-
case. Adjoining these ruins is a rath, nearly perfect.
Vol. II.— '297
M A G ()
MAGHEROSS.— See Carrickm across.
MAGHERY, a village, in the parish of Tartara-
GHAN, union of Lurgan, barony of O'Neilland West,
county of Ar.macii, and province of Ulster; con-
taining 33 houses, and '208 inhabitants.
MAGILLIGAN.— See Tamla(;htaud.
MAGLASS, a parish, in the barony of Forth,
union and county of Wexkord, and province of Lein-
ster, 6 miles (S.) from Wexford, on the road to
Bridgetown and Kilmore ; containing in'2 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 3.5'28 statute acres, chiefly under
tillage ; the state of agriculture has been much im-
proved, and the practice of winter feeding partially
adopted. At a short distance from the village is a
large windmill for grinding corn. The seats are Silver-
spring, Thornville, Ballycoglcy, Mount Pleasant, and
Little Mount Pleasant. The parish is in the diocese of
Ferns ; the rectory till lately formed part of the union
of Gorey and the corps of the deanery of Ferns ; and is
now, with the vicarage, part of the union of Killinick.
The tithe rent-charge is £139 ; and there are twrt small
glebes, comprising together about 8 acres. In the
Roman Catholic divisions Maglass gives name to the
union or district, which also includes the parish of Bal-
lymore and has a chapel in each parish. The chapel at
Maglass, a large plain building, is supposed to stand on
the site of an ancient monastery, the remains of which,
as well as those of a castle that immediately adjoined
it, were used in the erection of the chapel. At Bally-
cogley are the remains of a castle, consisting of a large
square tower, three sides of which are covered by a
single ivy-tree of extraordinary growth : it is said to
have formerly belonged to the Wadding family, was
forfeited in the civil war of Charles I., and granted by
Charles II. to the ancestor of the present proprietor.
The remains of the church have been partly inclosed as
a cemetery for the Harvey family.
MAGOURNEY, a parish, in the union of Macroo.m,
partly in the barony of Barretts, but chiefly in that
of East Muskerry, county of Cork, and province of
Munster, on the road from Cork to Killarncy ; con-
taining, with the parish of Kilcolemau and the post-
town of Coachford, '2664 inhabitants. This parish is
bounded on the south by the river Lee, over which is a
stone bridge at Nadrid j and is intersected by the river
Dripsey, a mountain stream which falls into the former
at the Dripsey paper-mills, in the adjoining parish of
Mattehy, and over which also is a bridge of stone, on
the new road to Macroom. It comprises, with Kilcole-
man, 5S69 statute acres. The land, with the exception
of about 150 acres of bog and waste, is of good quality,
and in a state of excellent cultivation ; the system
of agriculture has been greatly improved under the
auspices of the resident gentr)', and more especially ot
Messrs. Colthurst, Good, and P. Cross, who have been
extensively successful in raising green crops. Stone
is quarried for building, and for mending the roads,
which throughout the district are kept in excellent
repair. The village of Coachford has much increased
of late by the addition of several new and respect-
able houses, with wcli-furuished shops ; and a police-
barrack has been built. The principal seats are, Drip-
sey House ; Myshell. where a demesne of 200 acres,
formerly an unprofitable waste, has, since 1826, been
reclaimed and brought into a state of high cultiva-
'2Q
M A G U
MAIN
tion ; Nadrid ; Classis ; Carhue ; Beechmount ; Shandy
Hall ; Lee Mount ; River View ; Old Town ; Rock
Grove ; Green Lodge ; and Elmville. At Coachford a
sub-post-office to Cork and Macroom has been esta-
blished ; petty-sessions are held monthly at Dripsey ;
and fairs at Nadrid on Jan. 1st and Oct. lOth.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Cloyne, united perpetually to the rectory and vicarage
of Kilcoleraan, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the
tithe rent-charge, including that of Kilcoleman, which
has merged into this parish, amounts to £513. The
glebe-house, towards the erection of which the late
Board of First Fruits contributed £100 and a loan of
£1350, in 181'2, is a handsome residence; the glebe
comprises 69a. 3r. 20p. The church was enlarged in
1818, the same Board granting a loan of £200; and
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £224
for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Aghabologue ; the
chapel, a neat and spacious edifice, is situated at Coach-
ford, where is a national school. A parochial school
has just been built on the glebe, and is supported by
the rector. In Clonmoyle demesne are the ruins of the
church of Kilcoleman, and in Dripsey demesne the
ruins of the ancient castle of Carrignamuck, which be-
longed to the M'^Carthys and was built in the 15th
century by the founder of Blarney Castle ; it is situated
on a rock on the bank of the Dripsey, and is surrounded
with trees, forming an interesting feature in the pic-
turesque scenery of the parish.
MAGOWRY, a parish, in the union of Cashel,
barony of RIiddlethird, county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Killenaule ;
containing 684 inhabitants, and comprising 1932 statute
acres. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Cashel, forming part of the union of Killenaule : the
tithe rent-charge is £"5. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions, also, the parish is part of the union or district of
Killenaule.
MAGUIN'S ISLAND, in the parish of Killaspic-
BROWN, barony of Carbery, union and county of
Sligo, and province of Connaught. It is situated
in the bay of Sligo, off Killaspic Point, and comprises
135 statute acres.
MAGUIRE'S-BRIDGE, a market-town and parish,
in the union of Lisnaskea, barony of Magheraste-
phana, county of Fermanagh, and province of Ulster,
2^ miles (N. W.) from Lisnaskea, on the road to Fin-
tona ; containing 685 inhabitants. It is situated on
Maguire's river, here crossed by a bridge which gives
name to the town ; and consists of one street compris-
ing 152 houses. There is a receiving-house for letters
in coune.\ion with Lisnaskea. The market is on Wed-
nesday ; and fairs are held on the first Wednesday in
each month, and on Jan. 17th, the third Wednesday in
May, July 5th, and Oct. 2nd. It is a station of the con-
stabulary police. The seats in the vicinity are, Drum-
goon, Abbey Lodge, Snow Hill, and Curragh. The
living is a district curacy, in the diocese of Clogher, and
in the patronage of the Incumbent of Aghalurcher, out
of which parish it was formed. The church, or chapel
of ease to Aghalurcher, was built in 1841. by private
subscription, aided by the Church Building Society of
Fermanagh. There are places of worship for Presby-
terians and Methodists. The Roman Catholic chapel is
298
a large building, erected in 1822 at an expense of £800 j
it is lighted with pointed windows, and the altar embel-
lished with a painting. Attached to the chapel is a
school; and there is a dispensary in the town.
MAHONAGH, or Casteemahon, a parish, in the
union of Newcastle, Glenquin division of the barony
of Upper Connello, county of Limerick, and pro-
vince of Munster, 2 miles (S. E.) from Newcastle ;
containing 4101 inhabitants. This parish is intersected
by the river Deel, and the road from Newcastle to
Charleville. It comprises 12,687 statute acres, which
are in part very good, though some are cold, wet, and
stiff, being chiefly pasture and meadow, constituting
several large dairy-farms ; around the village is some
good land tolerably well cultivated. The marshy land
consists principally of exhausted bog, all reclaimable by
drainage. The soil of the parish rests on a substratum
of limestone, excellent quarries of which are worked at
Shauragh and near the village. The village, which con-
sists of 24 small houses, is on the eastern bank of the
Deel, over which is a good stone bridge. The principal
seats are Mayne and Ballymakillamore. The living
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick,
and in the patronage of the Earl of Devon : the tithe
rent-charge is £375. There is neither church nor
glebe-house ; there is a glebe of 13 acres at Castle-
mahon, and another of 8 acres adjoining the old church-
yard of Aglish. The Protestant parishioners attend the
church of Newcastle. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, called Castlemahon,
comprising this parish and Corcomohide ; in which
union are chapels situated at Castlemahon and Fougha-
nough or Feohonagh (both modern buildings), and a
new chapel erected in 1836 on the road-side between
Newcastle and Druracollohcr, at an expense of £600 :
Darby O'Grady, Esq., gave £10 towards the belfry.
The ruins of a massive square tower, about 30 feet
high, exist near Castlemahon, and give name to that
village. Near it is a curious circular building, with a
high conical roof of stone ; it was a strong fortress,
erected about 1490 by the Fitzgeralds. Not far from
this are the remains of the ancient church. At Mayne
are traces of buildings, supposed to have been eccle-
siastical, though their present appearance indicates that
the place was a military position ; they most probably
formed a stronghold of the Knights-Templars, and
were therefore partly military and partly ecclesiastical.
There is a churchyard at Aglish, but no vestige of
the church, which was sometimes called Aglish na
Munni.
MAINE, a parish, in the union of Drogheda,
barony of Ferrard, county of Louth, and province
of Leinster, 5f miles (N. E. by N.) from Drogheda ;
containing 363 inhabitants. It is situated on the
eastern coast, and comprises 1060| statute acres of ex-
cellent land, principally under tillage ; there is no bog.
Maine is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Armagh, forming part of the union of Termonfechan :
the tithe rent- charge is £67. 10., and there is a glebe of
6 acres, valued at £9. 16. per annum. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Clogher. About 60 children are taught in a national
school. The ruins of an ancient church exist here.
MAINHAM, a parish, in the union of Celbridge,
barony of Ikeathy and Oughterany, county of Kil-
M A L A
MALA
DARE, and province of Leinster, 1^ mile (N.) from
Clane, and on the road from Celbridge or Maynooth to
Naas ; containing 703 inhabitants. The parish com-
prises '2823^ statute acres, and is chiefly under tillage,
but contains some good pasture land : the soil is fertile,
and the system of agriculture improving; the potato
crops are universally drilled. Fuel is obtained in abund-
ance, and at a very moderate expense, from a valuable
tract of bog iu the parish. Mainham is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Kildare, forming part of the union of
Clane ; the rectory is impropriate in the representatives
of Lord Falconberg : the tithe rent-charge is £93. 3.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish belongs
to the district of Clane : the only chapel is the domestic
chapel belonging to the college at Clongowes Wood, an
extensive establishment under the superintendence of
the members of the Society of Jesus, for the education
of young men of the Roman Catholic religion in every
department of classical and polite literature ; the build-
ing, a noble castellated mansion beautifully situated in
a richly wooded demesne, is described under the head of
Clane.
MALAHIDE, a maritime post-town and a parish, in
the union of Balrothery, barony of Coolock, county
of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (E.) from
Swords, and ~ miles (N.) from Dublin Castle ; contain-
ing 1339 inhabitants, of whom 664 are in the town.
The manor and castle were granted in 1174, by Henry
IL, to Richard Talbot, the common ancestor of the
earls of Shrewsbury and lords of Malahide, who ac-
companied that monarch into Ireland ; and have con-
tinued in the possession of his descendants from that
period to the present day, through an uninterrupted
succession of male heirs. This grant was confirmed to
him by John, afterwards King of England, who also
conferred on hira various privileges and the advowson
of the church of " MuUahide Beg," which he immediately
assigned to the monks of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin. Iu
137 '2, Thomas Talbot was summoned to parliament by
the title of Lord Talbot. In 1375, the harbour of the
place appears to have been of such importance that the
exportation of unlicensed corn, and the departure of any
of the retinue of William de Windsor, chief governor,
from this port, were prohibited under severe penalties.
Edward IV., in 1475, granted to the family a con-
firmation of the lordship, with courts leet and baron ;
and appointed the lord of Malahide high admiral of the
seas, with full power to hold a court of admiralty, and
to determine all pleas arising either on the high seas or
elsewhere within the limits of the lordship. Sir Richard
Edgecombe, who was sent by Henry VII. into Ireland
to administer the oath of allegiance to the nobility and
chieftains after the suppression of Lambert Simnels
attempt to gain the crown, landed from England at this
port, in 14SS, and was entertained at the castle, and
afterwards conducted by the Bishop of Meath to Dub-
lin. In 1570, Malahide is enumerated by Hollinshed
among the principal post-towns of Ireland. In the
parliamentary war the castle was besieged and taken by
Cromwell, who resided here for some time, during which
he passed sentence of outlawry upon Thomas, Lord
Talbot, and gave the castle and the manor to Miles
Corbet, who retained possession of them for seven
years, till, on the Restoration, the Talbot family re-
gained their estates.
The TOWN is situated on a shallow inlet of the Irish
Sea, between Lambay Island, to the north, and Ire-
land's Eye and the promontory of Howth, to the south;
it has a pleasing and sequestered character, and con-
tains 107 houses, many of them handsome cottages,
chiefly occupied by visiters during the bathing-season,
and in some instances by permanent residents. Since
the opening of the Drogheda railway, which passes
through the town, buildings have been erected of a bet-
ter description, and an excellent hotel has been opened.
In the centre is a well of excellent water, arched over,
and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The trade, never
very extensive, received a great check from the pri-
vileges granted to the port of Dublin in the I6th cen-
tury. 'The cotton manufacture was introduced here on
an extensive scale in the last century by Colonel Tal-
bot, father of the present proprietor ; but, though the
Irish parliament granted £'iOOO for the completion of
the requisite machinery, it was ultimately abandoned.
The same gentleman, in 1788, procured an act for the
construction of a navigable canal at his own expense,
for the conveyance of the imports of this place, through
Swords to Fieldstown, for the supply of the surrounding
districts, to which they were at that time sent wholly
by land-carriage ; but this undertaking was also unsuc-
cessful. The principal trade at present is the expor-
tation of meal and flour, and the importation of coal
from Whitehaven and Scotland, of which, on the average,
about 15,000 tons are annually imported. There is a
small silk-factory ; and the inhabitants derive some
advantages from the fishery off the coast, and from an
exclusive property in a bed of oysters, which are sent
to Dublin in considerable quantities, and are much
esteemed. The inlet of Malaliide is 4 miles north from
Howth, and extends four miles up the country ; it is
dry at low water, but at high water, vessels drawing
not more than 10 or 11 feet may enter the creek and
lie afloat in the channel. At the entrance is a bar,
having only one foot at low water, and the channel is
divided by a gravel bank called Muldowney ; both the
channels are narrow and tortuous, and are of dangerous
navigation without the assistance of a pilot. The town
is one of the nine coast-guard stations constituting
the district of Swords, and also a constabulary police
station.
Near it is the Castle, generally called the Court of
Malahide, the seat of the Talbot family, a quadran-
gular building of irregular form and height, situated on
a limestone rock of considerable elevation, and com-
manding a fine view of the town and bay. The original
buildings have been much improved and enlarged by
Richard, Lord Talbot de Malahide, the present pro-
prietor ; the principal front is embattled, and the en-
trance defended by two circular towers. The interior
contains numerous superb apartments, the most curious
of which is one called the Oak chamber, wainscoted and
ceiled with native oak richly carved in scriptural de-
vices, and lighted by a pointed w indow of stained glass.
To the right of this chamber is the grand hall, a spacious
and lofty room with a vaulted roof of carved oak, lighted
by three large windows of elegant design, and having a
gallery at the south end. To the left of the hall is the
drawing-room, a stately apartment, richly embellished,
and containing an altar-piece in three compartments,
painted by Albert Durer, and originally placed in the
MALI
MALL
oratory of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Holyrood House.
There is in the castle a very large collection of portraits
of royal and distinguished personages, among the latter
of whom are several members of the Talbot family ;
also paintings by the most celebrated masters of the
Italian and Flemish schools. The demesne is extensive,
with groups of stately trees and with plantations ;
the gardens are tastefully laid out, and kept in fine
order.
ITie PARISH is of small extent, comprising only 1125
statute acres : the soil is fertile, and the system of
agriculture improving. The strand abounds with shells
in great variety, and with sea- weed, which, in conjunction
with the care.x arenaria, grows profusely. Here are
quarries of black, grey, and yellow limestone ; and
on the south of the high lands, towards the sea, lead-
ore has been found. There are several handsome seats
and pleasing villas : the principal are. La Mancha ; Sea
Mount, from which is a view of Lambay Island, the Hill
of Howth, and the bay of Dublin, with the Dublin and
Wicklow mountains; Sea-Park Court, commanding a
fine view of Malahide creek and bay ; Gaybrook ; Mill
View ; and Auburn Cottage. The living is a per-
petual curacy, in the diocese of Dublin, and in the
patronage of the Dean and Chapter of St. Patrick's,
Dublin, by whom it is endowed with the whole of the
tithes of the rectory (which is appropriate to the eco-
nomy fund), amounting to a rent-charge of £90. The
glebe comprises 8 acres ; there is no glebe-house. The
church was erected in ISS'i, at an expense of £1300, of
which £900 were a gift and £300 a loan from the
Board of First Fruits, and £100 a gift from Lord Talbot
de Malahide ; it is a neat edifice in the later English style,
and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted
£11'2 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Swords ; the chapel
is a neat edifice. Contiguous to the castle are the
remains of the ancient church, for ages the place of
sepulture of the proprietors of the castle. It consists
of a nave and choir, separated from each other by a
lofty pointed arch nearly in the centre of the building ;
the east window is large, and enriched with geometrical
tracery, and over the western end is a small belfry
thickly covered with ivy, beneath which is a window of
two lights, ornamented with crocketed ogee canopies.
The whole is shaded by chesnut trees, whose branches
bend over the roofless walls. Of the ancient monu-
ments, one decorated altar-tomb of the 15th century
is remaining, bearing the effigy of Lady Matilda Plun-
kett, wife of Richard Talbot. Adjoining the church are
the ruins of a chantry anciently attached to it ; and on
the lands of Sea Park is a martello tower. The parish
gives the title of Baron Talbot de Malahide to the
family of Talbot.
MALIN, a village, in the parish of Cloncha, union
and barony of Ennmshowen, county of Donegal, and
province of Ulster, 3 miles (N.) from Carn ; contain-
ing 205 inhabitants. It is situated at the extremity of
a creek of Strabreagy bay, on the road from London-
derry to Malin Head, and comprises 42 well-built mo-
dern houses, in the form of a square : at the east end is
a large bridge leading towards Carn and Culdaff. There
is a receiving-house for letters in connexion with Carn.
Malin Hall is situated a little above the lillage, in a well-
planted demesne, which forms a great ornament in this
300
bleak neighbourhood. Malin has a patent for a market
on Tuesday, not now held ; and there are fairs, prin-
cipally for the sale of cattle and sheep, on Easter-Tues-
day, June 24th, Aug. 1st, and Oct. 31st, which are well
attended. It is a constabulary police station ; and petty-
sessions are held on alternate Wednesdays. The parish
church of Cloncha was erected here in 1827 ; it is a
neat edifice in the early English style, with a square
tower surmounted with pinnacles. Male and female
parochial schools have been built by J. Harvey, Esq.,
and there is a female work-school. Here was formerly
a conventual church, the only remains of which are a
heap of stones ; and there are numerous vestiges of
antiquity, and natural curiosities, in the neighbourhood,
which are described under Cloncha.
MALLARDSTOWN, a parish, in the union of
Callan, barony of Kells, county of Kilkenny, and
province of Leinster, 2 miles (E.) from Callan, on the
road to Thomastown ; containing 591 inhabitants. It
is partly bounded on the north by the King's river, and
comprises 2525^ statute acres. Here is an extensive
flour-mill. Mallardstown is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the ecclesiastical
union of Kells : the tithe rent-charge of the parish
amounts to £128. 6. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is considered to be part of the union or dis-
trict of Callan.
MALLOW, a borough and market-town, a parish,
and the head of a union, partly in the barony of Duhal-
Low, but chiefly in that of Fermoy, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, 17 miles (N.) from Cork,
and 12*1 (S. W.) from Dublin ; containing 9965 in-
habitants, of whom 6851 are in the town. This place
was anciently called Malla, Moyalla, and ]Moyallow, of
which its present name is only a modification. Though
the town has little claim to antiquity, yet the seigniory,
which is independent of both baronies, formed part of
the territories of the great Earl of Desmond, who erected
a noble castle here on the northern bank of the Black-
water, which commanded the pass of that river. After
the rebellion of the earl in the reign of Elizabeth during
which this place was the centre of the operations of the
English forces, the Queen was advised to fortify this
castle for the defence of the ferry, where the troops were
frequently detained for many days. In 1584, the castle
and the manor were granted by the Queen to Sir
Thomas Norris, or Norreys, lord-president of ]Munster ;
they afterwards passed, by marriage with the daughter
and heiress of Sir Thomas, to Major-General Sir John
Jephson, Knt., of Froyle, in the county of Hants, and
have since continued in the occupation of his descend-
ants. In 1612, James I. confirmed these possessions to
Dame Elizabeth Jephson, Sir John being then living;
with the grant of a court baron, and power to determine
pleas to the amount of 40s. ; also the privilege of a
market and two fairs, with the power of appointing a
clerk-of-the-market, and of licensing certain tradesmen.
In the same year, the town, which had greatly increased
and was strengthened with a second castle on the north
side, called Castle Garr, or "the Short Castle," was
incorporated, and made a free borough ; and on the
breaking out of the war in 1641, besides its two castles,
it contained 200 houses occupied by Enghsh settlers,
of which 30 were strongly built, and roofed with
slate.
M ALL
MALL
On the 11th of February, 164'2, the insurgent forces
under Lord Mountgarret entered the town, on which
occasion Captain Jephson entrusted the strong castle of
Mallow to the custody of Arthur Bcttesworth, with a
garrison of "200 men, an abundant supply of arms and
ammunition, and three pieces of ordnance. Castle Garr
was defended by Lieutenant Richard Williamson, who,
after sustaining repeated assaults, in which he lost most
of his men and several breaches had been made, agreed
to surrender upon honourable terms. After he had left
the fortress, finding that the insurgents were not in-
clined to observe the terms of capitulation, Lieutenant
Williamson seized a sword, and, with the rest of his
party, resolutely fought his way through their ranks,
and retired into Mallow Castle, which had been main-
tained with better success by Bettesworth. The in-
surgents during their stay at this place, chose as their
commander Garret Barry, who had served under the
King of Spain ; and on the 15th of Febrnary, a party of
them attacked the fortified mansion of Mr. Clayton, in
the immediate vicinity, but did not succeed in taking it
till after a sanguinary conflict in which 200 of their
number were killed and many wounded by the garrison,
which consisted only of '24 men, whom, on taking the
place, they put to the sword.
The castle of Mallow was assaulted and taken by the
Earl of Castiehaven, in 1645, and was nearly reduced to
ruins. When the kingdom was threatened with inva-
sion by France, in 1660, it was, from its advantageous
situation, commanding the chief pass of the Blackwater,
considered to be of such importance, that a presentment
for its repair svas made by the grand jury of the county ;
but the proposal could not be entertained, as the law
allowed presentments only for bridges, causeways, and
roads. After the battle of the Boyne, Major George
S'Gravenmore, having advanced from Tippcrary with
1 100 horse and two regiments of Danish foot, sent
Colonel Doness, cm the 13th of Sept., 16S9, to burn the
bridge of Mallow, and to survey the castle ; the Colonel,
on his return, reported that there were 100 Protestant
families in the greatest alarm and danger from M'^Do-
nough, one of James the Second's governors of counties,
who was assembling forces for the purpose of plunder-
ing and burning the town. On this intelligence, S'Gra-
venmore sent 100 horse and 50 dragoons for their pro-
tection ; and JPDonoiigh, on his approach to the town
with nearly 4000 men, was suddenly attacked in the
great meadow near the bridge, by the Danish horse,
routed, and pursued with great slaughter on both sides
of the river. The loss of the Irish, on this occasion, is
stated at 500 killed, while on the side of their oppo-
nents neither a single man nor a horse was wounded.
S'Gravenmore subsequently made ^lallow his head-
quarters, previously to the siege of Cork.
The TOWN is finely situated on the northern bank of
the river Blackwater, about a mile below its confluence
with the Clydagh, and in a vale inclosed on the south
side by a chain of mountains, but more open on the
north, and on both sides richly wooded. It consists
chiefly of one main street on the coach-road from Cork
to Limerick ; near one extremity of which was Castle
Garr, on whose site is now a modern house ; and at the
other is Mallow Castle, commanding the river, over
which is a stone bridge of eleven arches, connecting the
town with the suburb of Ballydaheen, on the opposite
301
bank. Within the last few years, the town has been
greatly enlarged and much iuiproved ; several spacioux
houses have been built ; a new street has been opened
to the north of the main street, and the latter has been
lengthened by the addition of several respectable pri-
vate houses at its western extremity. Most of the
houses in this street have a projecting square window
on the first floor, which has a singular but not unpleus-
ing effect ; the principal footpaths of the place are
flagged, though the streets are not paved ; and the in-
habitants are amply supplied with excellent water. The
total number of houses is 989 ; they are generally well
built, and the town has, on the whole, a handsome and
cheerful appearance. In 1841, the inhabitants adopted
the general Lighting and Cleansing act of the 9th
George IV., under which commissioners are appointed.
The beauty of its environs, and the tepid mineral waters
for which Mallow is celebrated, had made it a place of
fashionable resort during the summer months, and the
number of gentlemen's seats in the immediate vicinity
had rendered it a desirable place of residence, long be-
fore it attained its present importance as a place of
trade. The Mallow Club, consisting of an unlimited
number of the gentry of the town and neighbourhood,
elected by ballot as proprietary members, was esta-
blished several years since on a very liberal scale. The
club-house, situated in the principal street, contains
billiard, card, supper, and reading rooms ; the last,
which contains also a good library for reference, is open
to strangers. There is a public subscription news-room
on a smaller scale. The members of the Duhallow
hunt hold their meetings here, and are distinguished for
their superior pack of fox-hounds. Races are held an-
nually in September, on a course about two miles to the
east of the town ; and balls and concerts occasionally
take place, under the patronage of the neighbouring
gentry, in the new and spacious assembly-rooms at-
tached to the principal hotel. The military depot for-
merly established here was discontinued on the forma-
tion of a larger establishment at Fermoy, but there are
still infantry barracks for 7 officers and 103 non-com-
missioned officers and privates.
The MiNEiiAL WATERS, in their properties, resemble
those of Clifton, but are much softer ; one of the tepid
springs was at a very early period in repute as a holy
well, dedicated to St. Peter, but they were all neglected
for medicinal use till the earlier part of the last century.
The principal spring is on the north-eastern side of the
town, where it rises perpendicularly in a powerful
stream, from the base of a limestone hill that shelters it
on the east. There is another spring called the Lady's
well, also warm, and of the same quality, though not
covered in or used. The water of the spa has a mean
temperature of 70^ of Fahrenheit, rising in summer to
7'2° and falling in winter to 6&° ; it is considered a
powerful restorative to debilitated constitutions, and
peculiarly efficacious in scrofulous and consumptive
cases, for which the spa is much frequented by persons
of fashion from distant parts of the country, being the
only water of the kind known in Ireland. The spa
house was built in 1828, by C. D. Jephson, Esq., now
Sir C. D. Jephson Xorreys, Bart., M.P., the present
lord of the manor, and principal proprietor of the town :
it is in the old English style of rural architecture, and
contains a small pump-room, an apartment for medical
MALL
consultation, a reading-room, and baths ; the whole
fitted up in the most complete manner for supplying, at
the shortest notice, hot and cold salt-water, vapour, and
medicated baths. The approach to the spa, from the
town, is partly through an avenue of lofty trees along
the bank of an artificial canal, affording some picturesque
scenery ; it has been in contemplation to form an ap-
proach from the north end of the new street, winding
round the brow of the hill and through the Spa glen,
the present outlet from the lower part of the town being
inconveniently narrow. There are no public prome-
nades; but the roads leading through the environs,
which abound with scenery of a richly diversified cha-
racter, present a variety of pleasant walks ; and a road
nearly five miles iu circuit, called the Circular Drive,
which has been made along the southern bank of the
river Blackwater, crossing Clydagh bridge in a westerly
direction, and returning by the navigation road on the
north side, affords excellent opportunities for equestrian
excursions. For a great portion of its length, this road
is shaded on both sides with rows of lofty trees ; and
the whole line exhibits an uninterrupted succession of
elegant seats and tastefully embellished demesnes. The
season usually commences in May, and terminates in
the beginning of October, during which period there is
a considerable influx of company ; and it is probable
that, as the improvements around the Spa are con-
tinued, advantage will be taken of the many eligible
sites which the vicinity affords for the erection of plea-
sant lodging-houses.
The inhabitants carry on an extensive and lucrative
TRADE with the opulent and populous districts in the
neighbourhood, importing most of their articles of
general consumption direct from England. In the
town and its immediate vicinity are three soap and
candle manufactories ; three tanyards ; three flour-
mills, of which those belonging to Messrs. W. and K.
Brady and Messrs. Molloy and Co. are worked by the
river Clydagh, and produce each about 10,000 barrels
annually ; the extensive brewery and malting establish-
ment of Owen Madden, Esq. ; two lime and salt works ;
and a small manufactory of blankets and flannel, with
a dyeing and pressing house. The projected railway
from Dublin to Cork will pass close to the town. About
50 years since, 3^ miles of a line of canal, intended to
connect the Duhallow collieries with the sea, were cut
and may still be traced adjoining the road to Kanturk,
thence called the " Navigation road." In the excise ar-
rangements the town gives name to, and is the head of,
a district comprising the towns of Charleville, Fermoy,
Kanturk, Mallow, Mitchelstown, Midleton, Rathcor-
mac, and Youghal, in the county of Cork ; and Clo-
gheen, in the county of Tipperary. A branch of the
Provincial Bank has been established, and, more re-
cently, a branch of the National Bank. The principal
market is on Tuesday, when large quantities of corn
are bought by agents for the Cork merchants ; there is
a second market on Friday ; and butter, celebrated for
the sweetness of its flavour, and eggs, are brought for
sale daily. Fairs are held on the Tst of January, the
day before Shrove-Tuesday, May 11th, July ■25th, and
Oct. 28th, for general farming-stock ; the January fair
is chiefly for pigs, of which more than 2000 were sold in
a recent year. The market-place was recently erected,
at the sole expense of Sir Jephson Norreys : it occupies
302
MALL
an area "5 yards in length and 50 yards in width, and
contains markets for butchers'-meat, pigs, sheep, po-
tatoes, and general provisions.
The town received its first charter of incorporation
from James I. in 1612 ; and though a new charter was
granted by James II., it was acted on during only a
very short period, and the original charter was revived.
By that charter the corporation consisted of a provost,
twelve burgesses, and a commonalty : the provost was
chosen from the burgesses at Midsummer, and sworn
into office at Michaelmas ; and vacancies in their body,
as they occurred, were filled from the commonalty by a
majority of the burgesses, by whom also the freemen
were admitted by favour. Vacancies in the oflice of
provost \yere to be filled within 15 days, and in that of
the burgesses in 7 days. The provost was clerk-of-the-
market, and the corporation had power to make bye-
laws, to have a mercatory guild, and a common seal ;
to appoint two serjeants-at-mace and other officers ;
and to hold a court of record every Friday, for the de-
termination of pleas to the amount of five marks. Pro-
bably from the peremptory necessity of filling up vacan-
cies within so short a period, the corporation soon fell
into disuse ; and it has now ceased to exist. The charter
also conferred the privilege of returning two members
to the Irish parliament, who for a long time previous to
the Union were, after the extinction of the charter,
elected by the freeholders of the manor, by whom, also,
the member returned to the Imperial parliament after
the Union was elected till the 2nd of William IV. ; till
which period, also, the freeholders of the manor had a
vote both for the town and for the county. The act of
the 2nd of William IV., cap. 88, extended the right of
election to the £10 householders ; the right of the 40*.
freeholders not occupying houses of that value, to expire
with their lives. The number of registered electors in
1841 was 336, of whom IS were £50, 16 £20, 3 £10,
and 44 40s., freeholders ; 1 £50, 4 £20, and 245 £10,
leaseholders ; and 1 £20 rent-charger. A new boundary
for electoral purposes was in 1832 drawn round the
town, including the village of Ballydaheen, and com-
prising an area of 350 statute acres ; the seneschal of
the manor is the returning officer. The manor extends
over that part of the parish of Mallow lying north of the
Blackwater (except a small portion in the barony of
Duhallow), and over part of the parish of Mourne
Abbey, on the south side of the river, comprising the
townlands of Quartertown and Gortnacraggy ; the se-
neschal holds a court baron every third Wednesday, for
the recovery of debts under 40s., and a court leet twice
in the year, for the regulation of the markets and the
appointment of bailiffs. Quarter-sessions for the East
Riding of the county are held in April, and petty-
sessions are held every Tuesday by the county magis-
trates. A new court-house and bridewell have been
erected ; the former a handsome building of hewn lime-
stone, fronting the market-place, and ornamented with
broad pilasters supporting a cornice and pediment ; the
latter a commodious and well-arranged building, at the
rear of the court-house. A constabulary police force is
stationed iu the town.
The PARISH comprises 8820 statute acres ; the land is
chiefly in pasture, and that part of it which is under
tillage is fertile and in a high state of cultivation. In
the vicinity of the town are quarries of limestone of a
MALL
M A N 1
superior quality, which are worked to a considerable
extent for supplying the neighbourhood with lime.
Within a circuit of 5 miles from the town are not less
than fifty gentlemen's seats. Mullnw Castle is at present
being rebuilt in a style more appropriate to the exten-
sive and beautiful demesne in which it is situated : the
prevailing character of the building is the Elizabethan ;
several of the offices are finished, and the whole, when
completed, will be a spacious and elegant mansion. The
castle grounds are richly wooded, and laid out with
great taste ; the walks are shaded by avenues of stately
trees, which intersect the demesne ; and though in a
retired situation, the grounds afford some pleasing
scenery, especially an opening which displays a pic-
turesque cottage, and a fine sylvan view on the banks
of the Blackwater. This demesne has been described
by Arthur Young as one of the best/trmfcs ornces in the
kingdom. The other seats in the immediate vicinity
are. Bally Ellis, formerly the residence of Lord Ennis-
more ; Beareforest, lately the residence of R. De la
Cour, Esq. ; Dromore ; Rockforest, belonging to the
representatives of the late Sir James L. Cotter, Bart. ;
Quartertown ; Longueville, the seat of the Longfield
family ; Waterloo ; Castle Kevin ; Carrig ; Annabella ;
and Firville.
The LIVING is a rectory in the diocese of Cloyne, and
in the patronage of Sir Jephson Norrcys : the tithe
rent-charge is £450 ; there is neither glebe nor glebe-
house. The present church, towards the erection of
which the late Board of First Fruits granted a loan of
£3500, in 1S'20, was built on a site presented by the
Jephson family : it is a handsome structure in the later
English style, with a tower and well-proportioned spire ;
an organ has been lately erected by subscription. Ad-
joining the church are the remains of the ancient edifice,
dedicated to St. Anne, of which the tower and the
greater portion of the walls are standing. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a dis-
trict, comprising also the parish of Rahan and a small
portion of that of Mourne Abbey ; the chapel, a large
and substantial edifice, is in the town. There are also
places of worship for Independents and Primitive and
Wesleyan Methodists ; attached to that for Independ-
ents is a library of about 500 volumes. The parochial
school was built at an expense of £300, defrayed by
subscriptions, aided by a grant from the Lord-Lieute-
nant's school fund ; the infants' school was established
in 1834, and is supported by subscription ; a school is
supported by the Independents, who have also an asy-
lum for a few poor persons of their congregation ; and
national schools have been established. The county
infirmary, to which is attached a dispensary, is a neat
plain building, at the east end of the town ; it has at
present accommodations for 14 patients, bot is capable
of containing 30. In a recent year 350 patients received
relief in the infirmary, and '2067 from the dispensary.
A fever hospital has been erected, and a charitable loan
fund has been recently established, which has a capital
of nearly £500, distributed in loans varying from 56-. to
£5. The late R. JPCartic, Esq., of Mount Ruby, be-
queathed the interest of £'250, charged on that estate,
for distribution among the Protestant poor at Christ-
mas. The union workhouse, on a site of six acres held
at a small annual rent, was completed in 1841 at a cost
of £6090, and is constructed to contain about "00 pau-
303
pers. The present church, the ruins of the ancient
edifice, and the Roman Catholic chapel, being situated
on the south side of the town, are seen to great advan-
tage from the bridge ; between them and the river is a
broad expanse of meadow, which, being occasionally
inundated, has always a verdant appearance. Mallow
Castle, and its richly wooded demesne, are also most
favourably seen from this point of view ; and the bridge
itself forms a conspicuous and interesting feature in
the distant view of the town. On the lands of Quarter-
town, on the south side of the Blackwater, and about
a mile to the west of the town, is a chalybeate spring,
subject to be overflowed by the river ; and there is
another at Beareforest, about half a mile to the south.
MALUSK.— See Molisk.
MANFIELDSTOWN, or Mountfieldstown, a
parish, in the union of Ardee, barony and county of
Louth, and province of Leinster, ^^ miles (\V.) from
Castle-Bellingham, and on the river Glyde ; containing
1107 inhabitants, of whom 131 are in the village. It
comprises '2417| statute acres, in general of excellent
quality, and nearly all under tillage ; there are about 50
acres of bog : the system of agriculture has much im-
proved. The village, which is neat, consists of '26
houses. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Lord-
Primate : the tithe rent-charge is £'203. 1'2. j and the
gross revenue of the benefice, tithe and glebe inclusive,
is £'215. 1'2. The glebe comprises two acres, on which
some cabins have been built, forming part of the village.
The church is a very ancient structure in good repair.
There is a Roman Catholic chapel and a parochial
school.
MANISTER, or Monaster-Nenagh, a parish,
partly in the baronies of Coshma and Pubbledrien,
but chiefly in the barony of Small Covnty, union and
county of Limerick, and province of Munster, <2
miles (N. E.) from Croom, and on the road from Lime-
rick to Charleville, by way of Athlacca ; containing
'2946 inhabitants. This place, called anciently Kil-
margy, derives its present name from the foundation of
a MONASTERY by O'Brien, King of Munster, in 1151, in
fulfilment of a vow previously to the battle in which he
defeated the Danes, who, in 1148, had encamped round
their strong fortress of Rathmore ; and which took
place on the plains of Kilmargy, the site of the present
ruins. This establishment, which was dedicated to the
Blessed Virgin, and amply endowed by its founder with
the advowson and tithes of Kilmargy and other pa-
rishes, was appropriated to Cistercian monks from the
abbey of Mellifont, and became eminent for its sanctity
and its wealth; its abbot obtained a mitre from the
Pope, and had a scat in the great councils of the king-
dom. The abbey was frequently plundered by the
Danes; and in 1307, Gerald, Earl of Desmond, with
his sons and several nobles, who were on a visit to the
abbot, was suddenly surprised by O'Brien, of Thomond,
who took the earl, his sons, and the nobles, prisoners ;
put his retainers to the sword ; and destroyed a consi-
derable portion of the monastery. In 1579, Sir John
Fitzgerald, brother of the Earl of Desmond, assembled
here" a force of '2000 Irish and Spaniards, headed by
Father Allen, legate of the Pope, and assisted by the
abbot of the monastery; who were attacked on the
plains of Nenagh by Sir WiUiam Malby, at the head of
M A N I
150 cavalry and 600 infantry, and defeated with great
slaughter. The Earl of Desmond, who had witnessed
the battle from a hill about a mile distant, on perceiving
the result of the conflict, retired into his strong castle
of Askeaton ; among the slain was found the body of
the legate, with the consecrated banner grasped firmly
in his hand. During this engagement the Irish and
Spanish soldiers took shelter in the abbey, which was
greatly injured by the fire of the English cannon ; the
refectory and cloisters were destroyed, and the sur-
rounding walls rased to the ground. Though it never
recovered its original importance, the monastery existed
till the Dissolution, and with all its possessions was
granted by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Henry Wallop, who
fitted up the choir for a parochial church. During the
various disturbances of more modern times, this place
has been also the scene of much violent contention.
The PARISH, which is intersected by the river Com-
ningue, comprises 349S statute acres. About one-third
of tlie land is under tillage, and the remainder meadow
and pasture, which being low ground, are frequently
overflowed by the river, and are sometimes, for several
of the winter months, under water ; the soil is fertile,
and the system of agriculture improved. Near the
e.vtremity of the parish is a tract of bog, of about 200
acres, mostly exhausted. The principal seats are Ab-
beyville, Manister House, Fort Elizabeth, and Castle
Ivers. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lime-
rick ; Lord Southwell, in whom the rectory is impro-
priate, claims the patronage and the tithes of the vicar-
age also, and allows the incumbent a stipend of £14
late currency : the tithe rent-charge is £103. 10.
There is neither church, glebe-house, nor glebe : the
Protestant parishioners attend the church of Ballyca-
hane. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the districts of BrufF and Fedamore ;
there are two chapels.
The remains of the ancient monastery are situated on
a flat limestone rock, on the eastern bank of the river,
and consist chiefly of the walls and gables of the church,
which is 176 feet in length, and divided near the centre
by a stone screen separating the choir from the nave ;
the former was lighted by a triple lancet window of
lofty dimensions at the east end, and above the ceiling,
which was richly groined, is a chamber in the roof (of
the same dimensions as the choir) to which was an
ascent by a private staircase from the altar through the
wall of the north aisle. The nave is separated from the
aisles by ranges of square pillars, which appear to have
been encased ; and there are some small remains of the
south transept, and a small chapel of very elegant
design. Tiie prevailing character is the early English ;
but the present remains are inadequate to convey any
just idea of the former grandeur of this once sumptuous
and extensive monastery. About a mile to the south-
east of the abbey are the ruins of the castle of Rath-
more, built by the Earl of Desmond, in 1306, on the
site of tlie ancient Danish fortress ; it was garrisoned
by the Irish and Spaniards at the battle of Manister, in
1.579, but was abandoned on the retreat of Sir John
Fitzgerald. On the retreat of Sir William Malby it was
taken possession of by the Earl of Desmonds forces,
who were eventually expelled by Sir George Carew ;
and soon after, it was suffered to fall into ruin The
remains occupy a gentle eminence commanding exten-
304
M A N O
siv'e views over a fertile country, and form a conspicu-
ous and interesting object for many miles round.
MANNIN, an island, in the union of Skibbereen,
parish of Kilcoe, Western division of the barony of
West C.\RnERY, county of Cork, and province of
MuxsTER, 8 miles (W.) from Skibbereen, and on the
south-western coast; containing about 15 inhabitants.
It is situated near the head of Roaring- Water bay,
immediately off Kilcoe Castle, and comprises about 29
statute acres of good arable land. — See Kilcoe.
MANOR-CON YNGHAM, or Manor-Cunningham.
a village, in the parish of Ramochy, union of Letter-
KENN'Y, barony of Raphoe, county of Donegal, and
province of Ulster, 4 miles (E. N. E.) from Letter-
kenny, on the road to Londonderry ; containing 232
inhabitants. This place, which consists of one street,
is situated not' far from Lough Swilly, and contains the
parochial church, a plain structure ; and two meeting-
houses for Presbyterians. It has a daily post under
Letterkenny and Strabane. Fairs on the 6th of Jan.
and the 6th of every alternate month have been esta-
blished for some years.
MANOR-HAMILTON, a market and post town,
and the head of a union, partly in the parish of Kil-
lasnett, barony of Rossclogher, but chiefly in that
of Clonclare, barony of Dromahaire, county of
Leitrim, and province of Connaught, 22 miles (X.)
from Carrick on-Shannon, and 102;^ (N. \V.) from Dub-
lin, on the road from Enniskillen to Sligo ; containing
1507 inhabitants. The manor was granted to Sir Fre-
derick Hamilton in the I6th of Charles I. with extensive
privileges, including courts leet and baron, and a court
of record every three weeks, power to appoint a sene-
schal to hold pleas of all debts, with view of frank-
pledge, to have waifs and strays and privilege of free
warren, and to determine causes and contracts to the
amount of £1000. The castle, situated on a gentle
eminence near the town, was by far the largest, strong-
est, and most handsome in the county. It was erected
in the reign of Elizabeth by Sir Frederick Hamilton
(from whom the place derives its foundation and name),
and is 105 feet in length, 90 in breadth, and about 40
feet high, each of the stories being beautifully quoined
and corniced with hesvn stone ; it is surrounded by a
strong wall defended by four bastions, one at each
corner, and the stone of which it is built has a singu-
larly glittering appearance, from the micaceous particles
it contains. The adjacent land is remarkably fertile ;
the picturesque scenery affords interesting rides and
views. The town, forming one long street, consists of
253 houses : the Earl of Leitrim, who is proprietor of
it, has built a spacious and handsome market -house in
the centre, having a large square at the back with
ranges of slated buildings for provisions. There is a
sessions-house, in which sessions are held quarterly,
and petty-sessions on alternate Wednesdays : attached
to it is a bridewell. The market is on Thursday, and
there are fairs on May 8th, July 1st, Oct. 7th, and the
12th of every other month ; they are chiefly for cattle,
and rank among the most important in the county.
Here is a constabulary police station. The chief seats
are Skreeny, Rockwood, Hollymount, Glenboy, Glenade
House, and Larkfield. The church here is a neat
building with a handsome spire, erected about 50 years
since ; there are a Roman Catholic chapel, and places
M A II G
M A R II
of worship fur^Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists. A
school is supported by a bequest of tlie late J. J. Mus-
terson, Esq. ; and there is a national school ; also a
dispensary. The union workhouse, on a site of 5i acres
held at a rent of £11. 10. per annum, was completed in
1841, at a cost of £,5372, and is capable of containing
500 inmates. — See Clonclabe.
MAPASTOWN, or Maplestown, a parish, in the
union and barony of Ardee, county of Louth, and
province of Leinsteii, 25 miles (N. N. E.) from Ardee,
on the road to Dundalk ; containing 3"! inhabitants.
This parish, which is the estate of the Cobbe family, of
Newbridge, county of Dublin, is situated on the river
Glyde, which is crossed by a bridge; and comprises
14465: statute acres of good arable and pasture land :
the system of agriculture is rapidly improving. It is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh, forming part of the
union of Charlestown, or Philipstown ; the tithe rent-
charge is £71. 4. 7., of which £7. 4. 9. are paid to the
vicar, and the remainder to the impropriator. The
church is in ruins. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Ardee.
MARADYKE, a village, in the parish of Grays-
town, union of Cashel, barony of Slievardagh,
couuty of TiPPERARY, and province of Munster ; con-
taining 'i^ houses, and US inhabitants.
MARALIN. — See Magheralin.
MARGARET'S, ST., a parish, in the union of
North Dublin, barony of Coolock, county of Dub-
lin, and province of Leinstek, 5| miles (N.) from
Dublin, on the old road to Naul, and about a mile from
the coach-road from Dublin to Ashbourne ; containing
401 inhabitants, of whom about 100 are in the village.
A fair is held on July 30th and 31st for the sale of
horses and cattle. The principal seats are Dunbroe
House, Newtown, Newtown House, Harristown House,
Ilarristown, Kingstown House, and Barberstown House.
In ecclesiastical arrangements it is a chapelry, in the
diocese of Dublin, forming part of the benefice of Fin-
glas and the corps of the chancellorship of St. Patrick's,
Dublin : the tithe is included in the amount for Finglas.
The church is in ruins ; over the door of a small adjoin-
ing chapel, is a Latin inscription purporting that it was
built by Sir John Plunkett, formerly chief justice of the
king's bench in Ireland. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the district of Finglas,
and has a neat chapel in the village, in which is also a
national school. About a mile distant are the ruins of
Dunsoghly Castle, consisting of a tower, still roofed, and
the remains of a large hall or dining-room, and kitchens :
the tower is vaulted at the bottom, and had three stories;
the floors of the two upper stories have fallen in, but the
room of the principal floor is in tolerable repair : the
view from the top is very extensive. The ancient family
of Plunkett originally owned this property, which now
belongs to Mrs. Cavenagh, who inherits it through her
grandfather. Adjoining the ruins are the remains of a
private chapel, over the doorway of which is a tablet of
freestone, exhibiting the emblems of the Crucifi.xion, in
high relief, with the letters and date i. p. m. o. 6. s.
1573 at the bottom. Mr. B. Shew, of Newtown House,
on planting an elevated spot in his grounds, a few years
since, discovered a great quantity of human bones, sup-
posed to be some of those who fell in the various skir-
mishes which at different periods have taken place in
Vol. II.— 305
this district. Near the chapel is a tepid well, or bath,
dedicated to St. Bridget, said to contain lime, muriate
of soda, nitrate of kali, and sulphur, but the lust in only
a small proportion.
MARGARET'S. ST., a parish, in the barony of
Forth, union and county of 'VVexkord, and province of
Leinster, 1 mile (S. li.) from Broadway, and on the
south-eastern coast ; containing 90 inhabitants. It
comprises 468 statute acres, chiefly the property of
Edward Westby Nunn, Esq. It is an impropriate cure,
in the diocese of Ferns, endowed with the small tithes,
and forming part of the union of Tacumsbane (also
called the union of Kilscoran) and the corps of the
chancellorship ; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl
of Portsmouth, and the tithe rent-charge is £36. 1. 4.,
of which £11. 9. 6. are payable to the impropriator,
and the remainder to the incumbent. In the Roman
Catholic divisions it is part of the district of Lady's
Island.
MARGARET, ST., or Raven, a parish, partly in
the barony of Ballaghkeen, but chiefly in the barony
of Shelmalier East, union and county of Wexford,
and province of Leinster, 5^ miles (N.E.) from Wex-
ford, on the coast-road to Gorey ; containing 974 inha-
bitants. It comprises '24'245 statute acres : sea-weed
is generally used for manure, and turf is obtained on
the shore at low water. The southern part of the parisli
consists of a range of sand-hills, extending nearly two
miles from north to south, and terminating in the head-
land called Raven Point, which forms the northern side
of the entrance to W'exford harbour : the bar of the
latter commences at this point. Inside the sand-hills
is an extensive cockle-bed, and westward of this is the
small island called Breast. At Curracloe is a station of
the coast-guard, forming part of the district of Gorey :
the fishery off the coast here affords employment to
some of the inhabitants. It is stated that for £300 a
canal could be cut from Curracloe, which is occasionally
resorted to for sea-bathing, to the north-east point of
Wexford harbour, and thus afford a direct communica-
tion by water between the town of Wexford and the
coast. The parish is in the diocese of Ferns, and is a
rectory, forming part of the union of Ardcolm ; the
tithe rent-charge is £27. 8. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is included in the district of Castle-
bridge, and has a chapel at Kilmacoe. The church,
which stood near the shore, was washed away many
years ago ; it is supposed that the sea has encroached
nearly a quarter of a mile upon this coast within the
last half century. There was an old castle at Curracloe,
which was taken down a few years since.
MARHYN, Maurhin, or Marhir, a parish, in the
union of Tralee, barony of Corkaguiney, county of
Kerry, and province of Munster, 5^ miles (W. N. W.)
from Dingle, and on the southern shore of Smerwick
harbour, on the western coast ; containing 973 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 2794 statute acres, of which a con-
siderable portion is in tillage, and the remainder consists
of coarse pasture and bog. Some of the inhabitants are
employed in the fishery of the bay. The Hving is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, cpisco-
pally united in I669 to the vicarage of Donquin, together
constituting the union of Marbyn, in the patronage of
Lord Ventry, in whom the rectory is impropriate ; the
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £56. 5., payable io
M A R M
MARS
equal portions to the irapropriator and the vicar ; and
the entire tithe of the vicarial benefice is £56. 5. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Keel, or Terreter. The ruins of the
church still remain, in the burial-ground, which is gene-
rally used. On the hill of Ballyneanig is a Druidical
circle, and at a short distance to the south-east are two
large upright stones : in the vicinity are the remains of
a stone cell of great antiquity ; also an old castle built
by one of the Desmond family, and afterwards the resi-
dence of the Moriarties. On the destruction of the
sand-banks at Ballyneanig, some years since, vestiges of
an ancient encampment were discovered.
MARKETHILL, a market and post town, partly in
the parish of Mcllaghbrack, and partly in the district
of KiLCLUNEY, barony of Lower Fews, union and
county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, ji miles
(E.) from Armagh, on the coach-road to Newry, and 60
miles (N.byW.) from Dublin; containing 14<24 inha-
bitants, and comprising 310 houses. It consists of one
principal street from which two others diverge, and is
situated in the midst of a fertile country ; the demesne
and splendid castle of Gosford, the property of Viscount
Gosford, adding greatly to its beauty. Two miles to
the south-west is the Vicar's Cairn, or Carricktole, com-
manding a most extensive view. Dean Swift in his
writings notices a favourite spot here, which he named
Draper's Hill ; it is within Lord Gosford's demesne.
This is a thriving town, having more than doubled its
inhabitants and houses within the last fifteen years : it
has an excellent market on Friday, and a fair on the
third Friday in each month for cattle and pigs ; and a
neat market- house, built by Lord Gosford, was com-
pleted in 1H46. Petty-sessions are held every Friday,
and quarter-sessions for the county alternately with
Ballybot, in a newly erected court-house, at the rear
of which is a bridewell containing three cells, a day-
room, and yards. The staff of the Armagh militia is at
this town ; among their muniments is deposited the
stand of colours taken by them from the French at
Ballynamuck, in 1798. There are large meeting-houses
for Presbyterians, and one for Wesleyan Methodists ;
also a dispensary. — See Mullaghbrack.
MARLFIELD.— See Abbey.
MARLINSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Dro-
GHEDA, barony of Ferrard, county of Louth, and
province of Leinster, li mile (S. E.) from Dunleer,
and on the coast-road from Drogheda to Dundalk ; con-
taining 178 inhabitants. It comprises 758|- statute
acres, the greater portion of which is under tillage, and
the remainder affords excellent pasture ; the soil is fer-
tile, the system of agriculture improved, and the lands
all in a state of profitable cultivation. The surround-
ing scenery is pleasingly varied ; and in the parish is
Rokeby Hall, the property of Sir Richard Robinson,
Bart., a spacious mansion, situated in a well- planted
demesne commanding some very interesting views : the
house contains a fine collection of paintings by some
of the old masters. The parish is in the diocese of
Armagh, and is a vicarage, forming part of the union
of Dunany ; the rectory is impropriate, and the tithe
rent-charge is £52. I7., of which £30. 14. 6. are payable
to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar.
MARMULLANE, or Passage, a parish, in the
barony of Kerrycurrihy, union and county of Cork,
306
and province of ISIunster, on the western shore of
the estuary of the Lee, opposite the Great Island ; con-
taining, with the greater part of the post-town of Pass-
age-West (which is separately described), ISCJ inhabit-
ants. This parish is bounded on the west by the ancient
liberties of the city of Cork, and on the south by
Monkstown ; it comprises 529 statute acres, which,
with the exception of about 4 or 5 acres of woodland,
are arable and pasture, generally productive land, though
light and rapidly absorbing moisture. Good crops of
corn are raised, though the land is principally devoted
to dairy-farms ; and agriculture is rapidly improving
under the spirited exertions of J. Roberts, Esq., a large
landed proprietor, who has introduced the Scottish
system of husbandry and the most improved agricul-
tural implements, at a great expense. The interesting
character of the scenery, and the numerous views over
the river and the adjacent islands, have rendered this
parish very attractive for genteel families, whose plea-
sure-grounds and demesnes occupy much of the land.
Among the principal seats are Pembrook, Ardmore,
Grove Hill, Rockenham, Greenmount, and Horse Head,
an elegant mansion in the Tudor style of architecture,
situated amidst beautiful scenery ; besides which there
are numerous villas, cottages, &c., principally occupied
during the summer months by merchants and other
inhabitants of Cork.
The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of
Cork, and in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter, to
whom the rectory is appropriate : the tithe rent-charge
is £49, granted by the dean and chapter to the per-
petual curate. The glebe comprises S acres ; the glebe-
house was built in 1813, by aid of a gift of £450 and a
loan of £50 from the Board of First Fruits. The old
church, situated in the town of Passage, was a small
edifice, built in 1684, and considerably enlarged in 1808
at the expense of the dean and chapter, aided by local
contributions ; being, however, much too small, it was
pulled down in 1838, and a new church built by the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners at a cost of £822, capable
of accommodating 300 persons. This has since had the
addition of a chancel and belfry, and is beautified by an
open roof with rich Gothic tracery and scriptural sub-
jects ; the chancel is remarkable for an altar-window of
stained glass, and the beauty of its carved work. The
church does not appear, however, to afford sufficient
room for the fast-increasing population. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish, with Monkstown and part
of Carrigaline, forms the district of Passage : the chapel
is a neat edifice, built in 1832.
MARSHALSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Fer-
MOY, barony of Condons and Clongibbons, county of
Cork, and province of Munster, 2i miles (W. by S.)
from Mitchelstown, on the road to Kildorrery ; con-
taining 2956 inhabitants. The parish comprises 7291
statute acres, and includes a large tract of bog : lime-
stone abounds, and is burnt for manure ; and the state
of agriculture is slowly improving. The gentlemen's
seats are Killee Castle and Castle Eugene ; part of the
Earl of Kingston's extensive demesne of Mitchelstown
is also within the parish. The living is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the
Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in John Nason, Esq.
The tithe rent-charge is £247. 10. per annum, payable
in equal portions to the impropriator and the vicar ;
M A II Y
M A R Y
there is a gltbe of about three acres. The church was
built in 1830, by a donation of £'200 from the Earl of
Kingston, and £"00 from the Board of First Fruits.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Mitchelstown, and has a chapel.
The ruins still remain of what are called " James's
churches."
MARTINS, ST.— See Mauls, St.
MARTRY, a parish, in the union of Navan, barony
of Lower Navan, county of Meath, and province of
Leinster, 5:1 miles (N. W.) from Navan; on the road
to Kells, and on the river Blackwater ; containing 869
inhabitants. It comprises 3S90| statute acres, the land
being of medmm quality, and nearly equally divided
between tillage and pasture ; it includes a portion of a
large bog, which extends into three of the adjoining
parishes. There are several quarries of stone. Allans-
town is a handsome mansion, situated in a well-planted
demesne of about 700 plantation acres, including a deer-
park ; in the demesne is Faughan hill, the summit of
which, being planted, forms a conspicuous object as
seen from the south-east through a vista in the wood.
The parish is in the diocese of Meath. The rectory
formerly belonged to the priory of the Knights of St.
John at Kilmainham, and in 1615 was granted in fee
to Patrick Barnwall ; it is now impropriate in Dominick
Reilly, Esq. : the vicarage forms part of the union of
Ardbraccan. The tithe rent-charge is £133. 15., of
which £90 are payable to the impropriator, and the
remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the district of Ard-
braccan, or Bohermean. A small school for females is
supported by Miss Noble.
MARYBOROUGH, a market and post town (for-
merly a parliamentary borough), and a parish, in the
union of Mountmellick, barony of East Mary-
borough, Queen's county, and province of Leinster,
IQi miles (W.) from Mhy', and 40 (S. W.) from Dublin,
on the road to Roscrea and Limerick ; containing 5'264
inhabitants, of whom 3633 are in the town. This place
derived its importance and its name from the erection
of the ancient territory of Leix, by act of parliament of
the 5th and 6th of Philip and Mary, into the Queen's
county, of which it was constituted the county and
assize town ; and was called Maryborough in honour of
the queen. The town jippears to have been selected for
this purpose both from its central situation and its
proximity to a strong fortress, which had been recently
erected to retain in obedience to the English crown this
portion of the country, which had been reduced by the
Earl of Sussex. In 1570, Queen Elizabeth granted to
the inhabitants a charter of incorporation, which con-
ferred upon them all the privileges enjoyed by those of
Naas, Drogheda, and Dundalk, together with a market
on Thursday; and in 1635, the corporation obtained
from Charles I. a grant of two fairs. On the breaking
out of the war in 1641, this was one of the places held
by the confederate Catholics : it was seized by Owen
Roe O'Nial in 1646, but was subsequently retaken by
Lord Castlehaveu ; and in 1650, the fortress was taken
by the parliamentarian troops under Colonels Reynolds
and Hewson, by whom it was entirely demolished. The
TOWN, which is situated on a river tributary to the
Barrow, contains 619 houses, irregularly built, and of
indifferent appearance ; the streets are narrow and in-
307
convenient, badly paved, and the inhabitants are ill
supplied with water from want of pumps. There are
barracks for a company of infantry, a handsome rangi-
of buildings. A considerable trade is carried on in
flour, for the manufacture of which there are three
mills ; and in the neighbouring districts, the woollen
manufacture was formerly carried on to a very great
extent. In the excise arrangements the town gives
name to, and is the head of, a district comprising the
towns of Kilbeggan and MuUingar, in the county of
Westmeath ; Edenderry, Parsonstown, and Tullaniore,
in the King's county ; and Maryborough and Mount-
rath, in the Queen's county. The market is on Thurs-
day ; and fairs are held on Jan. 1st, Feb. 24th, March
25th, May 12th, July 5th, Sept. 4th, Oct. 26tb, and Dec.
12th, for cattle, horses, pigs, and pedlery.
Lender the charter of Elizabeth the corporation
consisted of a burgomaster, two bailiffs, and an indefi-
nite number of burgesses and freemen, assisted by a
town-clerk, serjeant-at-mace, and inferior officers. The
burgomaster and bailiffs were to be annually elected on
Michaelmas-day from the burgesses, by a majority of
their number, by whom also vacancies in that body were
filled up, and freemen admitted. The burgomaster and
bailiffs were by the charter compelled to take the oaths
of office before the constable of the fort or castle of
Maryborough, which office, though now a sinecure, is
still retained ; or, in his absence, before the burgesses
and commons of the borough. The former was justice
of the peace within the borough, and (with the two
bailiffs) escheator, clerk-of-the-market, and coroner.
The town-clerk was also serjeant-at-mace, billetmaster,
and weigh-master, to which offices he was appointed by
the burgomaster. By the charter the corporation con-
tinued to return two members to the Irish parliament
till the Union, when the franchise was abolished. The
borough court, which had jurisdiction to any amount,
has been discontinued for more than fifty years ; and in
1829 the members of the corporation had so diminished
in number, that no legal election of officers took place,
although the townspeople themselves elected a burgo-
master, bailiffs, and other corporate officers. In 1830,
one burgess and two freemen of the old corporation
held a nTeeting, at which the former was elected burgo-
master by the latter, who were elected bailiffs by the
former ; the townspeople also elected the same number
of officers ; without any legal authority in either case.
In 1840, the corporation was wholly abolished. The
civil business of the borough is transacted at the quarter-
sessions for the county, which are held here in April
and October ; the assizes for the county are held here
at the usual periods, and petty-sessions weekly before
the county magistrates. There is a neat and commodi-
ous court-house ; part of the old gaol adjoining it has
been converted into offices for the county business. The
town is the head-quarters of the constabulary pobce of
the county, for which it is the dep6t.
The County Gaol and House of Correction was com-
pleted in 1830, and cost £18,500. It is a spacious and
well- arranged edifice on the radiating plan : a central
building of three stories contains the kitchen, the go-
vernor's apartments, a board room, and a chapel for
both Protestants and Catholics ; and four radiating
winss, each divided into two parts, form eight wards,
four for male criminal prisoners, two for male debtors.
2 R2
MARY
one for female criminal prisoners, and one for female
debtors, altogether containing 8* cells. Attached to
each ward are day and work rooms and airing-yards ;
there are also an infirmary, nine solitary cells, and a
tread-wheel used for raising water : the prison is heated
by stoves. A school is opened in each ward ; and the
rules of prison discipline, according to the most im-
proved system, are strictly observed. The District
Lunatic Asylum for the King's and Queen's counties
and those of Westmeath and Longford, is established
here ; it was erected at an expense, including the pur-
chase of land and furniture, of £24,1*2. The buildings
stand in the middle of an inclosed area of ^^a. l'2r. 7p.,
handsomely laid out and planted for the recreation of
the patients and the use of the establishment ; and pre-
sent a front of hewn limestone raised from quarries
in the neighbourhood, extending 365 feet. They in-
clude a central building, containing the governor's
residence and other apartments connected with the
management of the institution, and having the kitchen,
laundry, baths, and other out-offices, in the rear. From
the centre branch out the wings, containing corridors,
sleeping-rooms, day-rooms, and working-halls ; there
are four corridors, &c., for each sex, all admirably con-
structed, and of easy access for the purpose of super-
intendence. Water for culinary purposes is conveyed
by pipes from a rivulet that passes through the inclosed
area, and each corridor is furnished with an ample supply
of the purest water from a never-failing spring which
issues from a neighbouring limestone rock. The build-
ing is capable of accommodating from 160 to 170
patients, and is now nearly full : the average expense
of each patient for the year 1843 was £IF>, on the gross
expenditure, which is defrayed by the several counties
in proportion to the number of patients sent hither
from each. The County hijirmary, situated near the
lunatic asylum, and opened in 1808, consists of a large
building of three stories, each traversed from end to
end by a corridor communicating with eleven wards,
capable of accommodating five patients each. The funds
are derived from parliamentary grants, county present-
ments (limited to £1400 per annum), subscriptions, and
fines at petty-sessions. The number of patients admitted
in a recent year was 868 ; the expenditure, £990. The
dispensary connected with the infirmary afforded relief
to 86.50 extern patients.
The PARISH, also called Borris, comprises "049 statute
acres of good land, of which about 200 acres adjoining
the town were formerly a common, which was inclosed
at the Union, one-half being divided between Lord
Castlecoote and Sir John Parnell, Bart., and the re-
mainder distributed equally among the 13 freemen,
reserving a small rent for the widows of freemen : since
that period no freemen have been elected. The soil is
fertile, and the system of agriculture improved. A re-
markable natural bank, called the Ridge, passes across
the district for nearly six miles without interruption,
and, with a few small chasms near Tullamore, for nearly
twenty-five miles, extending into King's county ; it is
in some parts not more than 100 feet wide at the base,
and narrows gradually towards the summit, which is
from 20 to 30 feet in breadth. It appears as if formed
by the ebbing and flowing of water, and in some places
separates the uplands from the low coarse grounds, of
which nature, in other places, the lands on both sides
30 B
MARY
of it partake. A fine well, held in great veneration by
the peasantry, issues from it near Woodville, about a
mile from Maryborough. The principal seats in the
vicinity of the town are, Shane House, the residence of
Thomas Kemmis, Esq. ; Lamberton Park, of the Right
Hon. Arthur Moore ; Sheffield ; Woodville ; the Heath
House ; New Park ; Portrane ; Cremorgan ; Broom-
field ; Ballyknock ; Rathleague House ; Rock View ;
and Millbrook.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin,
episcopally united in 1*21 to the rectory and vicarage
of Kilcolemanbane and the vicarage of Straboe, and in
the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of
the parish is £294. ,5. 1. ; the glebe, in the parish of
Kilcolemanbane, comprises one acre ; and the gross
value of the benefice is £483. 10. *• The church was
built in 1803, at a cost of £4000, towards which the
Board of First Fruits gave £500 ; the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners are about to have it new roofed and
thoroughly repaired. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
parishes of Straboe, Kilcolemanbane, Dysarteuos, Kil-
leny, Kilmurry, and Kilteale. The chapel in the town
is a spacious and handsome edifice ; on the outside of
the front are busts representing the Four Evangelists.
Chapels are maintained at the Heath and Rathenisca ;
and there is a convent of the Presentation order in the
town, consisting of a superior and sixteen professed nuns,
who devote themselves to the gratuitous education of poor
girls, of whom an average number of 200 attend the
school. The Wesleyans and Calvinists have places of
worship in the town. The parochial school-house was
built at an expense of £250, of which £150 were raised
by subscription and £100 granted from the Lord-Lieu-
tenant's school fund. There are several national schoolSj
and a Temperance Society has been established lately.
The remains of the old church still exist ; there is also
an extensive and very old burial-ground on the ridge
adjoining it, and raths are to be seen in various parts.
The only remains of Maryborough Castle are a portion
of a bastion and the walls ; some ruins of Castle Clon-
rear still exist. Maryborough gives the title of Baron,
in the English peerage, to the Earl of Moruington,
nephew of the Duke of Wellington.
MARY'S, ST., county Down.— See Newry.
MARY'S, ST., or Lady's-Island, a parish, in the
barony of Forth, union and county of Wexford,
and province of Leinster, \ a mile (S.) from Broad-
way, on the road to Carnsore Point ; containing 289
inhabitants. On the subdivision of the territories
acquired by Strongbow, this place became the property
of Rodolph, son of Milo de Lamporte (ancestor of
the Lamberts of this county), who built a strong castle
on the peninsula in Lough Tay, or Lady's Island lake,
which is traditionally said to have been the object of
several hostile attacks. Cromwell, immediately after
his landing in the bay of Rosslare, in 1649, sent a
party to reduce it, to which it at once surrendered.
On this occasion, a convent of Augustinian friars,
which had been founded about 200 years before, was
plundered, and the fraternity, refusing to bear arms
against their country, put to the sword. The remains of
the fortress, of which all that was destructible by fire
was consumed, consist principally of a square tower,
supposed from its materials to be of more recent date
MASS
MAUD
than the original castle, which was built of compact
rude granite from a small ii^land in the lake. In the
village, which consists of a few neat and comfortable
cottages, fairs are held on Aug. 15th and Sept. 8th.
The parish comprises 597^ statute acres. The lake
abounds with a variety of wild fowl, and was formerly
frequented by a species of bittern, called the Proud
Stork. St. Mary's is an impropriate cure, in the dio-
cese of Ferns, forming part of the union of St. Iberius :
the rectory is impropriate in L. V. W. Richards, Esq.,
to whom the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £23. 1. 6.,
is entirely payable, and who allows £2 per annum for
the clerical duties. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is part of the district of Lady's-Island, comprising
also the parishes of St. Iberius, Carne, St. Margaret's,
and Tacumshane, and containing the chapels of Lady's-
Island, and Faithe; the former is a large cruciform
structure, rebuilt in ISO", and adjoining it is a national
school.
MARY'S, ST., Wexford.— See New Ross.
MARY'S DE FORE, ST., or Beat.e Mari.e de
Fore, a parish, in the union of Oldcastle, barony of
Demifore, county of Westme.\th, and province of
Leinster, 4 miles (E.) from Castle- Pollard, on the road
to Kells i containing 1390 inhabitants. It comprises
4290 statute acres of land, mostly under tillage, though
there is much bog : limestone is found here. On the
north the parish is in part separated from Meath by
Lough Bawn, which, though pent up by high hills, is of
considerable breadth ; this lake is remarkable for having
most water in summer ; no stream emerges from it, and
it abounds with large pike and eels. On the opposite
side the parish reaches to Lough Lene, and the small
Lough-a-Deel. It is a curacy, in the diocese of Meath,
forming part of the union of Rathgraff : the rectory is
appropriate to the vicars-choral of Christ Church, Dub-
lin, to whom the tithe rent-charge, amounting to
£119. 16., is wholly payable. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Fore.
There is a school at Glenidan, and another at Cambers-
town, the former aided by a bequest by the late Col.
Monk. Ruins of the mansion of Carrick exist ; and
there are large raths in different parts of the parish.
MASON ISLAND, in the parish of Moyrvs, union
of Clifden, barony of Ballynahinch, county of Gal-
way, and province of Connaught, 15 miles (S.E.) from
Clifden : the population is returned with the parish.
This island is situated upon the western coast near the
entrance to Ard bay, and contains 61 acres. At some
distance from it are the Skird rocks, which lie halfway
between the west end of Aranmore Island and Slyne
Head, 13 miles (N. N. W.) from the Arran lighthouse,
and about two leagues from the main land. They are
the most remarkable on this part of the coast, and serve
as a landmark to point out the adjoining harbours ;
they are about one mile in length, N. E. and S. W.,
the most western being the highest. The principal
rock is always above high water ; and a shoal, about
two cables' length wide, extends half a mile to the east
of it.
MASSEREENE, a village, in the grange of Mlcka-
more, barony of Lower Massereene, union and county
of Antrim, and province of Ulster, contiguous to the
town of Antrim ; containing 252 inhabitants. This
place is situated on the Six-Mile-water, by which it is
309
separated from Antrim ; and though now only a small
village, forming a suburb to that town, it is the head of,
and gives name to, one of the largest and most fertile
baronies in the county. In 1426, a priory for Francis-
can friars was founded here by one of the O'Nial family,
which, in 1621, was granted by James I. to Sir Arthur
Chichester, Baron of Belfast. The village contains 62
houses, and commands a fine view of the castle of An-
trim, on the opposite side of the river. The whole
western extremity of this district is washed by the waters
of Lough Neagh, and comprises a large tract of fertile
land in a very high state of cultivation, together with
Massereene deer-park, which is inclosed with a stone
wall five miles in circumference. Near the village, on
the shore of the river, is a very copious chalybeate spring,
strongly impregnated with iron, sulphur, muriate of
soda, and fixed air, and which has been found highly
beneficial in chronic diseases. On the shore of Lough
Neagh is a lofty cliff, called Martin's bank, from which
issue several saline springs, so powerfully impregnated
as to deposit crystallised salt in large quantities, by the
natural evaporation caused by the heat of the sun ; no
attempt, however, has hitherto been made to establish
any salt-works at this place, which does not appear to
have attracted an adequate degree of attention. Masse-
reene, or Massareene, gives the title of Viscount to the
family of Foster, of Antrim Castle.
MASSYTOWN, a village, in the parish and union of
Macroom, barony of West Mxtskerrv, county of
Cork, and province of Munster; adjoining the town
of Macroom, and containing about 54" inhabitants. It
contains about "0 small houses, and is situated on the
western bank of the river Sullane. There are several
oatmeal-mills ; and a mill for carding and spinning wool,
and making blankets, does a good deal of business for
the country people.
MATTEHY, or Mathea, a parish, in the union of
Macroom, barony of East Mvskerry, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, 8 miles (W.) from Cork, on
the road toTralee; containing 2320 inhabitants. It
comprises "09" statute acres ; the surface is diversified,
moderately well cultivated, and fertile, producing ex-
cellent crops. A new line of road has been opened
through the parish. On the river Dripsey, which flows
through it, are the extensive paper-mills belonging to
Messrs. Magnay and Co., affording employment to from
"0 to 100 persons, in the manufacture of large quantities
of paper for the Enghsh market ; the buildings are of
handsome appearance, and situated in a deep and well-
wooded glen. There are also flour-mills. It is a rec-
tory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, forming
part of the union and corps of the prebend of Innis-
carra : the tithe rent-charge is £385. 5. S. The church
having been in ruins for several years, the parishioners
resort to that of Inniscarra, which has been recently re-
built in a more central situation, for the general con-
venience of the union. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Inniscarra, and
has a small chapel.
MATTHEWS, ST., Cork.— See Templebready.
MATTHEW'S, ST., Dublin.— See Rixgsend.
MAUDLINS, a village, in the parish of St. Marys,
union of New Ross, barony of Bantrv, county of Wex-
ford, and province of Leinster, containing 48 houses,
and 2S9 inhabitants.
M A Y N
MAUDLINTOWN, a parish, in the barony of
Forth, union and county of Wexford, and province
of Leinster ; containing, with part of the town ot
Wexford, 7'23 inhabitants. By an inquisition taken in
the Sth of James I., it appears that there was an hospital
for lepers here, governed by a master, keeper, or prior,
who, with the brethren and sisters, had, in the 19th of
Richard II., acquired and appropriated to themselves
and successors in perpetuity, contrary to the statute of
mortmain, 120 acres of land in Maudlintown and
Rochestown, with the tithes of the parish of Ballyvalloo,
kc. The parish is situated on the western shore of the
harbour of Wexford, and its south-eastern part forms
a continuation of the suburb called "The Faithe :" it
comprises 841 statute acres, partly under tillage, and
partly occupied by the rugged tract of the trap forma-
tion, called the White Rocks. Within the limits of
the parish is Rockland Hall, the seat of W. Talbot,
Esq. (father of the Countess of Shrewsbury), situated
near the shore of the harbour, of which and of the bay
it commands an extensive view. For civil purposes
this parish has merged into that of St. Peter's, Wex-
ford. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, forming
part of the ecclesiastical union of St. Patrick's, Wex-
ford : the tithe rent-charge is £67. 15. 6. In the Roman
Catholic divisions it is part of the district of Wexford.
The ruins of the church, dedicated to St. Maud, still
exist.
MAUL'S, ST., a parish, in the union of Kilkenny,
partly in the barony of Gowran, county of Kilkenny,
but chiefly within the liberties of the city of Kilkenny,
and province of Leinster; containing 1496 inhabit-
ants, and comprising 31'2| statute acres. It is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, entirely appro-
priate to the see : the tithe rent-charge is £3*. 10., now
payable to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of St. Canice.
MAYNE, or Moyne, a parish, in the barony of
F.issADiNiNG, union and county of Kilkenny, and
province of Leinster, 4 miles (N. W.) from Kilkenny,
and on the river Dinan ; containing 463 inhabitants,
and comprising 1940| statute acres. At Conahy is a
quarry of flagstone, of which some of the strata are thin
and used for roofing, but the stone is more generally
used for hearths and flooring. Here is a station of the
constabulary police. Jenkinstown, the handsome seat of
the Bryan family, is situated in a highly cultivated tract
of country near the river Nore : the demesne, which
contains about 300 plantation acres, is finely wooded.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, partly
impropriate in the corporation of Kilkenny, but chiefly,
until recently, forming the corps of the now suppressed
prebend of Mayne in the cathedral of St. Canice, Kil-
kenny, in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-
charge is £78, of whi'ch £10. 7. 9. are payable to the
corporation, and the remainder to the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners ; there is a glebe of 95 acres near the
ruins of the church. The duties of the prebendal stall
are jierformed by a persDu appointed for that purpose
by the dean and chapter ; and the duties of the parish,
by a curate appointed by the Bishop and paid £30 per
annum by the commissioners. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Conahy,
comprising also parts of the parishes of Kilraacar, Cool-
310
M A YN
craheen, and Odogh, and three detached townlands of
Burnchurch. A new Roman Catholic chapel, a commo-
dious edifice, has been erected near Jenkinstown ; at
which place is a school under the patronage of Colonel
Bryan, held in a neat building erected by the late Major
Bryan at an expense of £300.
MAYNE, county of Louth. — See Maine.
MAYNE, a parish, in the union of Oldcastle,
barony of Demifore, county of Westmeath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 3 miles (N. W.) from Castle-Pollard,
on the road to Granard ; containing 2098 inhabitants.
A religious establishment is said to have been founded
here by St. Fechan of Fore. The parish is bounded on
the south by Lough Derveragh, and on the west by a
vast tract of bog, through which the river Inny takes its
course: it comprises 7148:1 statute acres of tolerably
good land, chiefly under an improving system of tillage.
The surface is finely varied ; and there are quarries of
both black and grey limestone. From the village of
Coole, roads extend across the bog and river, by a
float or ferry : fairs are held at Coole on May 20th
and Nov. 20th. The principal seats are, Pakenham Hall,
the residence of the Earl of Longford ; Coolure, Tur-
botstown, Lakeview, and Gaulstown.
The parish is in the diocese of Meath : the rectory is
impropriate in the Marquess of Westmeath ; the vicar-
age forms part of the union of Rathgraff; and there
is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Vicar. The
tithe rent-charge is £153. 14., of which £68. 6. are paid
to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar;
the latter pays £55. 7- 8. to the perpetual curate, who
also receives £36. 15. from the trustees of Primate Boul-
ter's fund. The glebe-house was built in 1812, by aid
of a gift of £450 and a loan of £50 from the Board of
First Fruits. The church is a neat building, in excellent
repair, erected in 1806, by aid of a gift of £500 from
the same Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, sometimes called Tur-
botstown, comprising this parish and that of Faughley
or Faughanstown, in each of which is a chapel. The
parochial schools are aided by annual grants from the
Pakenham family, and Lord Longford has given a house
and an acre of land ; a school at Turbotstown is chiefly
supported by the Dease family. A small well in a bog
is resorted to by great numbers of the peasantry :
there are remains of an old castle at Williamstown, and
on the lands of Mayne stand the ruins of the ancient
church.
MAYNOOTH, a market and post town, the site of
a college, and a parish, in the poor-law union of Cel-
bridge, barony of North Salt, county of Kildare,
and province of Leinster, 10 miles (N. by E.) from
Naas, and 12 (W.) from Dublin, on the great western
road toGalway and Sligo ; containing 2714 inhabitants,
of whom 2129 are in the town. The name of this place,
though fancifully traced to the Arabic word iMoiiaah, a
fortress, is obviously of Irish origin, and compounded
of two words, Magli, a plain, and (most probably)
Niiaat, the name of the maternal grandfather of Fionn
M'^Cumhal, or Fingal, who received Maynooth and
Allen for his inheritance. The place, associated with
the history of older times, derived its greater celebrity
in the middle ages from being the earliest and prin-
cipal seat of the Kildare branch of the noble and
powerful family of the Fitzgeralds. Their lands in
M A Y N
M A Y N
Wexford and Wicklow were soon lost ; their estates in
southern Kildare were not acquired till the 14th cen-
tury ; but the manor and plains of Maynooth have been
held by the heads of that family, in direct succession,
for six centuries and a half. Gerald Fitz-Maurice, first
baron of OfTaley, son of Maurice Fitzgerald who com-
manded in the army of invasion, and himself for awhile
Strongbow's companion in arms, transmitted at his
death, in 1'205, the manor of Maynooth and its appur-
tenances to his son Maurice, who obtained possession
by virtue of a royal mandate dated Nov. '26th, 1'216.
His son, Gerald, Lord Offalcy, obtained from Edward I.
a patent dated May 9th, 1'286, for holding in his manor
of Maynooth a market on Fridays, and a fair for three
successive days on the vigil, the feast, and the morrow of
the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, the 7th, 8th, and 9th
of September. It was here that John, the first earl of
Kildare, the patent of whose title, dated May 14, 1316,
Selden says, was " the ancicntest form of creation he
had ever seen," died in September of that year ; and
here John, the sixth earl, built between the years 1410
and 1426 a magnificent castle, whose lofty massive ruins
still adorn the town.
A college was established by the tenth earl of Kildare
in 1518: it was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and
consisted of a provost, vice-provost, five fellows, two
clerks, and three boys ; part of whose duty it was to
pray for the founder and his family while living, and
after their death. The foundation was duly confirmed
in the same year by the king and the archbishop ; and
in 1521, the prebend of Maynooth or Laraghbryan was
annexed to the provostship, and the fruits of the vicarage
transferred to the funds of the college. A pair of
organs were presented to this house by the Lord Deputy
in 1537 ; and at the suppression of all the religious
houses, the college of St. Mary was possessed of seven-
teen messuages and 434 acres of land in several places,
besides the college lands, various houses, and the tithe
and glebe of the rectory of Killenagh ; which were all
granted to the earl of Kildare by a patent of Elizabeth,
dated February 13, 156S.
On the 14th of March, 1535, the lord deputy. Sir
William Skeffington, led a powerful army against the
castle of Maynooth, said in the official despatches of
that day to be " the richest and best furnished house
under the crown," and " the strongest castle the English
had ever raised in Ireland." Having for ten days in-
cessantly battered it from Crew hill, without effect, he
at length, after a fortnight's defence, obtained possession
by the treachery of its governor Christopher Pierce,
foster-brother to the young lord, Thomas Fitzgerald,
then in arms against the crosvn : on the following
Thursday all the prisoners were put to death, and their
heads exposed on spikes affixed to the turrets of the
castle. Maynooth was for a short time forfeited to the
king. Gerald, the surviving heir, a boy of ten years of
age, having been rescued from the fate of his brother
and five uncles by the chivalrous fidelity of his tutor,
the Rev. Thomas Levereux, afterwards Roman Catholic
bishop of Kildare, was concealed by him for a year in
Ireland, and then secretly conveyed through Scotland
to France and Italy. Educated by Cardinal Pole his
relative, pensioned by the pope, and laden with spoils
and glory in a campaign with the Knights of Rhodes
against the Turks at Tripoli, he successively obtained,
311
through the cardinal's zealous mediation, ptrniission to
return to England ; the restoration of Maynooth and of
other forfeited estates, in 155'i ; and in 1554, of all the
titles and honours of his family, with all the estates
which had been forfeited to the crown. An exile, how-
ever, from his infancy, he had few pleasing reminis-
cences to attach him to his country or estates : on the 4th
of February, 1559-60, the queen granted him license to
enfeoff, and on the 7th September, 1566, he actually
did enfeoff, the manor of Maynooth, with its two
water-mills, and 40 acres in the town, with all the
estates belonging to the manors of Maynooth, Kildare,
Kilkea, Rathangan, Castlcdcrmot, Athy, &c., to seven
joint tenants, the survivor of whom. Sir William Talbot.
Bart., became possessed of the entire, and fixed his
residence at Carton, or Maynooth. So also did his heir.
Sir Richard Talbot ; and thus it was that Maynooth
became the birthplace of Sir Richard's two celebrated
sons, Peter Talbot, Roman Catholic Archbishop of
Dublin, and Richard Talbot, Earl and Duke of Tyrcon-
nell. The castle of Maynooth, which had returned into
the possession of the earls of Kildare, was a second
time attacked, on January 7th, l641-'2, by a party of
the Irish insurgents under Friar Peter Walsh, the
famous Ormonde historian, by whom it was rifled of all
its valuables, and its library destroyed.
The TOWN of Maynooth was entirely remodelled, and
in part rebuilt, by the late Duke of Leinster, on a plan
of three parallel streets intersected at right angels by
three others. The middle and principal street is ter-
minated at the eastern extremity by the avenue leading
to Carton, the princely residence of the Duke of Lein-
ster ; and at the opposite extremity by the elegant en-
trance to the Royal College of St. Patrick, which faces
in a direct hne the street and the avenue. The town is
skirted on the north by the Lyall water, which, flowing
rapidly here over a ledge of limestone rocks, falls into
the Liffey at Leixlip ; and on the south by the Royal
Canal, along the banks of w hich runs the Great Western
railroad to iSIulIingar. A royal patent was obtained in
1678 for holding a market on Thursdays, and fairs on
the 4th May and 19th September : the May fair is still
always very fully attended ; the attendance and sales at
the September fair are often less considerable. The
present Duke of Leinster has revived the market, and
generously remitted his right to tolls ; but for greater
public convenience it is held on Saturdays. Here are
a neat court-house, in which quarter-sessions are held
twice a year ; a very neat police station ; a market-
place fitted up entirely at the expense of the duke ; and
a dispensary to which his grace contributes £40 per
annum, and the house. Having no manufacture but a
flour-mill, and situated in the centre of a pasture coun-
try affording little employment to a thin population, the
town owes much of its importance to its being a great
thoroughfare, and to the trade produced by the college,
and by the noble proprietor, who studies to create em-
ployment on his extensive demesne, and by farm im-
provements for his tenantry.
The TARisB comprises S041 statute acres: the soil
is in general a stiff clay and very productive ; a consi-
derable portion of the land is in pasture for fattening
stock for the Dublin market, and for exportation.
Carton, situated about a mile from the town, is a spa-
cious and magnificent structure, consisting of a centre
M A Y N
M A Y N
with a handsome portico supporting a pediment, in the
tympanum of which are the family arms, and connected
with wings by an elegant corridor on each side; the
interior contains many noble apartments, and, in addi-
tion to numerous family portraits, a collection of paint-
ings by the first artists. The park, which is very
extensive, is beautifully diversified with scenery of
graceful and pleasing character ; in one part of it is a
tower, from which a fine view is obtained of the sur-
rounding country. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Dublin ; the rectory constitutes the corps of
the prebend of Maynooth in the cathedral of St. Patrick,
Dublin : both are in the patronage of the Duke of
Leinster. The prebend was instituted by Archbishop
Luke, in 1384, at the request of Maurice Fitzgerald,
Lord of OflFaley, reserving to himself and his heirs the
right of presentation. The gross income of the prebend
is £55. ". 8. per annum : the tithe rent-charge of the
parish, amounting to £2*6. 18. 6., is paid to the vicar;
and there is a glebe-house, an old building, with a glebe
of si.x acres. The church is an ancient structure, sup-
posed to have been originally built by Gerald, Earl of
Kildare, as an appendage to the college founded by him
in 1518: it was thoroughly repaired, and modernised,
in ITT-l by the late Duke of Leinster ; but the massive
square tower still retains its original character. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms the head of
the union or district called Maynooth and Leixlip, com-
prising those two parishes and that of Taghadoe, in each
of which is a chapel ; that of Maynooth was a very
plain building, but a new chapel, a handsome structure
on a larger scale, has been completed. In the vicinity
of the town are the ruins of the old church of Laragh-
bryan.
A Protestant charter school for 40 boys was opened
here on July 27th, 1750 : Robert, Earl of Kildare, had
bequeathed in 1743 the sum of £500 for its erection,
and his son, the first Duke of Leinster, had granted
14 acres of land rent free for its support. This school
was discontinued in 1819, by the present duke, on the
ground of general expediency ; the house itself was
soon after pulled down, and its materials employed in
erecting on the same site the extensive buildings occu-
pied since 1 825 by nuns of the Presentation order as a
convent, and as schools for the gratuitous education of
about 200 female children. These schools are in con-
nexion with the National Board of Education, and the
teachers are cheered on in their labours by the visits of
the Duchess of Leinster, who allows £20 a year to the
school, and occasionally clothes, and gives small pre-
miums to, the most deserving of the children. In a
different street is a male national school, attended by
about ISO boys ; the spacious school-house was fitted
up and presented by the Duke of Leinster, who allows
£20 per annum to the teacher.
The modern College of Maynooth, commonly styled
the Royal College of St. Patrick, was founded in
1795 by an act of the Irish parliament, which passed in
both houses without a dissentient vote in either. At
this critical period, the arms of the French revolutionists
had become formidable ; their anarchical principles,
widely disseminated, were tainting the sources of con-
tinental education, and beginning to be echoed in
Ireland; the colleges, also, which the Irish Roman
CathoUcs had founded on the continent for clerical
312
education were for the greater part suppressed, and
intercourse with the others was suspended. To obviate
this evil, by affording a sound education at home to
young minds destined in after life to exercise consider-
able influence on the Irish people, the legislature re-
pealed the laws against the endowment of a college
exclusively Roman Catholic, and granted a sum of
£8000 for the establishment of this college. Before the
bill had received the royal assent on the 5th of June,
several sites for the college were proposed to the
trustees appointed by the act ; but the present site at
Maynooth, offered by the Duke of Leinster, though
formally declined at first, was eventually accepted ; and
on the 9th of September, 1*95, his grace conveyed to
the trustees, by a lease of lives renewable for ever, and
under a reserved rent of £"4 per annum, a plot of land
at the west end of the town, containing 685; acres, on
which stood a large and handsome mansion then lately
erected by a Mr. Stoyte, for whose interest in the pre-
mises the trustees paid £4000. A small but very
interesting portion of this land, including the old castle,
was given up by the trustees in 1820, in order to ob-
tain a confirmation of their lease. In 1817, a dwelling
house and 23^ acres of land which had been occupied
since 1802 as a lay college, were annexed to the Royal
College ; the trustees taking the premises at the terras
on which they had been held by the lay establishment,
viz. : £1000 fine, and £140 yearly rent reserved in a
lease of lives renewable for ever. The site of the
building is about 15 feet above the level of the Lyall
water and one of its tributary streams, which flow
rapidly through opposite sides of the college lands.
The tastefully arranged lawn in front is shaded by
majestic yew-trees of immense size ; and the classical
entrance, watched in sculpture by sphynxes and recum-
bent lions, is ornamented on one side by the massive
remains of the stately old castle of Maynooth, and on
the other by the turreted castle-chapel, now the parochial
church. The existing college buildings are arranged in
two separate divisions, each containing a chapel, library,
refectory, lecture-halls, and bed-chambers. The larger
division, allocated to the senior students, forms three
sides of a quadrangle ; the smaller, occupied by the
juniors, consists of two uniform houses at right angles
to each other ; and the whole pile, though exhibiting in
detail but little architectural beauty, presents a coup
d'cEil of grand and imposing dimensions. These build-
ings, which cost £60,000, were raised at different
periods : the front, or eastern side, was completed in
1800; the north wing, in 1815 and 1824; and the two
houses for the junior students, in 1832.
With the enlargement of the buildings, the number
of the STUDENTS soou increased from 45 to 200, and
thence gradually, till at length they amounted to 478,
the exact number of Irish ecclesiastics for whom educa-
tion was provided on the continent before the French
revolution. Within the last seven years, however, there
have been seldom more than 430 or 450 students in
actual attendance at lectures. The annual parliamentary
grant, previous to the important act of 1845, being in-
adequate to the maintenance of more, at the utmost,
than 250 students, the remaining number paid £21 a
year for their board and education. These students,
called pensioners, were first admitted in 1813, and the
sums since paid as pensions and entrance-fees amount
M A Y N
to £84,000 : they were treated in every particular as
the students on the foundation, to which, indeed, they
were transferred, after paying one, two, or more years,
according to their merit and as vacancies occurred. It
sometimes happened that when there was hut one
vacancy, its benefit was divided between two candidates
of equal merit, each of whom had to pay thenceforward
but half the usual pension. From time to time, some
of the Roman Catholic bishops and priests, and laity,
purchased for the benefit of their dioceses or families
the right of a free studentry, called a Burse, by paying
the college at once a sum the interest of which was
deemed sufficient to meet the expense of a student's
maintenance. But the main support of the college
was derived from the grant annually voted by parlia-
ment.
The original vote of £8000, subject to deductions of
about £340, was annually repeated until 1807, when an
additional sum of £.">000 was granted for the erection of
new buildings; the amount from 1808 to 1813, was
£8^283 British ; and from that year to 1845, it was
£89'-28. Several donations and bequests, amounting in
the aggregate to the large sum of £31,681, have been
made to the college by Irish and English Roman Ca-
tholics, sometimes without any specific application, and
at other times for particular purposes. Of the former
bequests, £6000 were applied to enlarging the build-
ings ; of the latter, £1000, left by a Mr. Keenan, were
funded for the establishment of a professor of Irish,
and £'24,610 for burses or free studentries. The most
important legacy was a fee-simple estate worth £1000
per annum, bequeathed by the late Lord Dunboyne ;
but this bequest being disputed at law on the ground
that his lordship, having for a while conformed to the
Established Church, and afterwards returned to the
Roman Catholic Church, was incompetent as a relapsed
papist to make a' will, a compromise was effected by
which less than half the intended bequest was secured
to the college. This bequest, together with £700 per
annum from the public grant, was applied from 1813 to
1845 to the benefit of 20 senior scholars, called Dun-
boyne students, who, after having completed the ordi-
nary course of studies, are selected from among the
Students most distinguished for piety and talents, and
who, receiving an additional annual allowance, apply
themselves for three years more to the higher depart-
ments of ecclesiastical literature, in order to be qualified
for filling professorships in the institution, or the more
arduous situations in the ministry.
The FINANCIAL condition of the college was vastly
improved by the recent act of the legislature, 8th and
9th of Victoria, cap. '25, passed June 30th, 1S45. The
system of annual votes of money, was exchanged for a
permanent settlement on the consolidated fund, which
may amount to the maximum sum of £'26,360 per
annum. The act regulates the application of this re-
venue, viz. : £6000 for the salaries, kc, of the presi-
dent, superiors, and professors ; £5800 for allowances
of £40 each to '20 Dunboyne students, and £'20 each to
•ibO students of the three senior classes; and £14,560
for the commons, (^cc, of 5'20 students, including those
on the Dunboyne establishment. These 520 students,
with 40 others for whom burses had been previously
founded, will henceforward constitute the total number
of students. The act also granted £30,000 to the Board
Vol. II.— 313
M A Y N
of Public Works, for thoroughly repairing the college,
and erecting new buildings for the suitable accommoda-
tion of the enlarged number of inmates in the institu-
tion. The architect chosen for the new buildings, the
celebrated A. W. Pugin, Esq., has furnished a magni-
ficent plan ; but the works have yet made little pro-
gress.
No change was eifected by the late act in the con-
stitution of the college, except by substituting annual
for the former triennial visitations. There are five
visitors appointed by the crown (substituted for the
former five ex-ojficw visitors) ; and three others, as
formerly, elected by the trustees. The property and
legislative direction of the establishment are vested in a
corporation of seventeen elective trustees, consisting of
the four Roman Catholic archbishops, and seven bishops,
with six lay noblemen and gentlemen. The ordinary
government is committed to a president, assisted by a
vice-president, with three deans ; a librarian, who is
also prefect of the Dunboyne students ; a bursar ; four
professors of theology ; a professor of sacred scripture
and oriental languages; of ecclesiastical history; of ma-
thematics and experimental philosophy ; of logic, meta-
physics, and ethics ; of rhetoric and the belles lettres ; of
Greek and Latin classics; of English elocution and com-
position and the French language ; and of the Irish
language. The president, vice-president, deans, prefect
of the Dunboyne, and the professors of theology and
scripture, form the council. The president and other
superiors are elected by the trustees ; as are also the
professors, but only after a public competition, of which
the president gives public notice sixty days previously,
and to which all qualified candidates from every part of
the empire are admissible. Of the merits of the candi-
dates the council are the judges, delivering their suffrages
in writing to the president, and through him to the
trustees.
The Dunboyne students are elected solely by the
council ; and candidates for admission to the college as
general students are selected by their respective bishops,
generally from the young pupils in their seminaries, and
after a public competition among the aspirants. The
Maynooth studentries are thus apportioned ; 150 each
to the provinces of Armagh and Cashel ; 100 each to
those of Dublin and Tuam ; and the '20 Dunboyne
places are distributed in a similar proportion. Can-
didates presented by their bishops are not received as
students at Maynooth, unless they are sixteen years of
age, and evince at their examination for entrance what
may be considered a very good knowledge of Greek and
Latin. The amount of qualification in classics, history,
mathematics, geography, &c., required for admission to
the rhetoric class, is, at least, not less than is required
for matriculation in University College, London ; and
the qualifications necessary at the London University
for taking degrees, would qualify for admission only to
the logic class in Maynooth. The ordinary course of
studies requires eight full years : the two first years are
devoted to Greek and Latin, to rhetoric, mathematics,
English composition, and the historical books of the
Bible ; the tsvo following years, to logic, moral philo-
sophy, natural philosophy, to French, mathematics, and
ecclesiastical history ; and the four last years, to dog-
matic and moral theology, to sacred scripture, eccle-
siastical history, and the Hebrew and Irish languages.
as
MAYO
After the completion of this course, the student is
either selected to commence another course of three
years more on the Dunbojme establishment, or ordained
a priest for the ministry in Ireland.
MAYO (County of), a maritime county of the pro-
vince of CoNNAUGHT, bounded on the east by the
counties of Sligo and Roscommon, on the north and
west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south by the
county of Galway. It extends from 53° 28' to 54° 21'
(N. Lat.), and tVom S° 25' to 10° 5' (W. Lon.) ; and
comprises an area of 1,363,882 statute acres, whereof
497,58/ are arable land, 800,111 uncultivated, 8360 in
plantations, 848 in towns and villages, and 56,9/6 under
water. The population, in 1821, amounted to 293,112;
in 1831, to 367,956; and in 1841, to 388,887.
At the period when Ptolemy wrote, the Nagnatce were
the inhabitants of the whole of the county, with the
exception of a small portion of its southern extremity,
into which the Auteiii, who were settled in the north-
west of Galway, had penetrated. The city of Nagnatce,
together with the rivers Ravius and Libnius, is supposed
by some to have been in this county, but others fix its
site in the adjoining county of Sligo. M. Vaugondy's
map of ancient Connaught, published by Mac Geoghegan,
furnishes the following names of the territories which
composed it, and of their respective baronies; Irros-
domnion, being the barony of Erris ; Calrigiamuighe-
murisk-in-Amalgaid, and Hy-Fiachra-Aidhne, Tyrawley ;
Coranne, Gallen ; Conmacne-Quiltola, Clanmorris and
Kilmain ; Kierrige de Lough Nairn, Costello ; Hymalia
or Umaille, Murrisk. In Speed's Theatre of Great Bri-
tain, published in 16/6, the names of the territories,
which appear to be taken from those of the ruling septs,
commencing from the most northern, are. Arras Donde-
nell ; O'Dondey; O'Mac Philben ; Mac William Burck;
Carew Mac Ville Uterhday; O'Males; Mac Jordan, baron
of Exeter, near which territory is noted the forest of
Kellelon ; and the barony of Akill, being the only
baronial division mentioned. In the brief description
annexed to the map it is stated "that Mayo, in the
Roman Provincial called Magee, is replenished both with
pleasure and fertility, abundantly rich in cattle, deer,
hawks, and plenty of honey." O'Conor's map of Ire-
land, which professes to give the names and locations
of the settlers at the commencement of the 17th century,
mentions only the names of Mac William Burke, Jordan,
Mac Philip, Mac Costello or Nangle, Dillon, and Fitz-
morris.
The ancient chronicles state, that at the commence-
ment of the 4th century the whole of Connaught was
taken from the Firdomnians, a branch of the Firbolgs,
who had held it till that time under the Milesians. The
remote situation of the county has prevented it from
being much noticed in the annals of the different revo-
lutions which have since occurred. Shortly after the
English invasion, De Courcy entered the province ; but
it does not appear that he penetrated far westward,
being driven out after a severe defeat by Cornelius
Mommoigi, and Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick.
Roderic O'Conor, the last of the independent sovereigns
of Ireland, died in the monastery of Cong, on the verge
of this county, in 1198; after which its history pre-
sents a blank until, in consequence of the assassination
of William de Burgo, third earl of Ulster, (to whose
ancestor, Hubert de Burgo, the greater part of the pro-
314
MAYO
vince, including this county, had been granted by King
John,) Edmond de Albanach or the Scot, one of his
kinsmen, ancestor to the earls of Mayo, renounced his
allegiance to the English government. He threw oEF
the English dress ; adopted the language and apparel
of the native Irish ; and assumed the title of Mac
William Oughter, or " the Further," to distinguish him-
self from another member of the family svho had acted
in the same manner in the more southern regions of the
province, and had called himself Mac William Eighter,
or "the Nearer." The county remained in an unsettled
state, nearly independent of British rule, until the time
of Elizabeth, in the eleventh year of whose reign the
whole province, which had hitherto been divided into
the two counties of Connaught and Roscommon, was
made shire ground ; the boundaries and subdivisions of
this portion of it were defined, and at this time arose
the present name of Mayo, from the village and monas-
tery of Maio, situated on a river which falls into Lough
Carra. The Mac Williams nevertheless continued to
exert a powerful control ; for the annals of the town of
Galway inform us that, in consequence of the disturbed
state of the country in the neighbourhood of that town,
numbers of Galway people took refuge with Mac Wil-
liam Onghter in Mayo, and were the founders of the
several respectable families of Galway name which still
hold large estates here. When Sir Henry Sidney, lord-
deputy, visited Galway in 1575, several of the Galway
exiles returned, and applied to him for protection ; and
Mac William Oughter himself submitted by oath and
indenture. This Mac William was father to the cele-
brated Grace O'^NIalley, better known in the romantic
history of the times by the name of Grana Uile : she,
however, was so far from being led to submission by
her father's example, that it was deemed necessary to
send a body of troops to storm her castle of Carrick
a-Uile, near Newport ; and so spirited was the defence
made by this singular woman, that the assailants, in-
stead of accomplishing the object of their expedition,
narrowly escaped being taken prisoners, which would
have been inevitably attended with loss of life.
In 1586, the province was again visited for the pur-
pose of confirming it in the habits of English law, by
Sir Richard Bingham, who held a session at Done-
mony, in this county. One of the de Burgos, Thomas
Roe, held out on this occasion against the royal autho-
rity, in a castle in one of the islands in Lough Mask,
within sight of the governor : the under- sheriff, who
was sent to reduce him to obedience, was wounded in
the attempt, as was Thomas Roe himself, who died of
his wounds. Two others of the de Burgos were after-
wards executed for sedition, and for conspiring against
Bingham's life. The composition then agreed upon by
the people was, lOs. per annum for every quarter of
land containing 120 acres. According to the return of
a jury, the county comprised 1448 quarters, whereof
248 were exempted ; the rest paid £600 per annum,
and contributed 200 foot and 40 horse for general
hostings within the province, at their own expense,
when required, and 50 foot and 15 horse for general
service throughout Ireland. Before Sir Richard quitted
the country, he had taken all the de Burgos into pro-
tection by an order from the government ; but, on his
going to Dublin, they were instigated, through the pro-
mise of assistance from the Scotch, to revolt again } on
MAYO
MAYO
which he proceeded to Ballinrobe, where, having use-
lessly spent several days iu endeavouring to bring them
liack to their duty, he hanged their hostages. He then
marched to Ballintubber, and sent out his kerne and
foot-soldiers into the woods and mountains with such
success, that he forced the insurgents to submit in a
few weeks, and drove away a booty of between 4000
and 5000 head of cattle ; after which, he defeated a body
of '.JOOO Scots that had landed near Sligo to give them
assistance. A third journey was made into Connaught
in 1589, by Sir Wm. Fitzwilliams, lord-deputy, who then
received the submissions of O'Flaherty, William the
blind Abbot, and others of INIayo and Tyrconnell.
Although the county was visited with a large share
of the confiscations consequent on the termination of
the war of 1641, and on the restoration of the Stuart
family, no remarkable event connected with that period
occurred within its limits ; neither was it internally
agitated by the military movements in the subsequent
war between the rival kings in 16S8. Its political aspect
presents a perfect blank until the year 1798, when its
tranquillity, which had remained undisturbed during
the dreadful struggle that convulsed the north-eastern
and south-eastern extremities of the island iu the earlier
part of that year, was broken by the uue.vpected appear-
ance of a small French squadron on its northern coast,
which landed near Killala a force of about 1100 men
under General Humbert. The town, which was
nearly defenceless, was taken after a trifling resistance ;
the bishop of Killala, with his family, was made pri-
soner ; arms were distributed to all the country people
who chose to accept them ; and the invading army,
thus reinforced by a numerous though disorderly body
of auxiliaries, proceeded to Ballina, the garrison of
which fled on its approach. It thence advanced to
Castlebar, through mountain defiles deemed impassable,
and therefore left unguarded : here it was opposed by
(ieneral Lake with 6000 men, but, after a very short
resistance, the British army gave way on all sides, and
left the enemy completely masters of the country. The
French general now proceeded by Foxford and Col-
looney, where his advance was checked for a short time
by the gallantry of a small detachment under Colonel
Vereker ; and marched by Dromahaire and Manor-
Hamilton, in Leitrim, till, having crossed the Shannon
at Ballintra, near Lough Allen, his further progress
was prevented by the main army of the British under
the Marquess Cornwallis, to whom he surrendered,
after a short resistance, at Ballinamuck. Castlebar,
when evacuated by the French, was re-occupied by the
British troops, who defended it succcssfull)' against an
attack of a body of 2000 insurgents. Killala, which
was still possessed by the latter under the command of
a few French officers, was then attacked and taken by
storm, with the loss of between 400 and 500 of its de-
fenders, after having been 30 days in their possession.
This scene of blood terminated by a court-martial, by
which several of those who had been most forward in
having recourse to French assistance were consigned to
military execution.
The year 1820 was marked by very serious disturb-
ances in this and the neighbouring county of Galway,
arising from abuses in the levying of taxes, and county
and parish rates : the insurgents took the name of Rib-
bonmen, and kept the country in alarm for some time
315
by nocturnal depredations, but were finally suppressed
by the power of the law. Two years afterwards Mayo
suffered from famine, owing to a failure of the potato-
crop i but the horrors of so dreadful a visitation were
much relieved by the prompt and liberal contributions
which were forwarded on the first intimation of the ex-
tent of the calamity, from every part of England, through
a committee sitting in London.
This county is partly in the dioceses of Elphin and
Achonry, but chiefly in those of Killala and Tuam. For
purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided into the
baronies of Burrishoole, Carra, Clanmorris, Costello,
Erris, Gallen, Kilmain or Kilmaine, Murrisk, and Tyr-
awley. It contains the market and assize town of
Castlebar ; the market and post towns of Ballina, Bal-
hnrobe, Crossmoliua, Clare, Foxford, Ballaghadireen,
Swinford, and Nesvport ; the sea-port, market, and
post towns of Westport and Killala j the small sea-
port of Bclmullet ; and the post-towns of Cong, Holly-
mount, and Ballyglass. The largest villages are those
of Baal or Ballagh, Ballycastle, Rathlacken (each of
which has a sub-post), Minola, and Shrule, It sent
four members to the Irish parliament, two for the
county, and two for the borough of Castlebar ; but
since the Union its sole representatives, in the Imperial
parliament, have been the two members returned for
the county at large. Tlie constituency consisted in
1S41 of 1064 voters, of whom 201 were £50, 94 £20,
and 769 £10 freeholders : the election takes place at
Castlebar. INIayo is included in the Connaught circuit :
the assizes and general quarter-sessions are held at
Castlebar, where the county prison and court-house are
situated ; quarter-sessions are also held at BaUinrobe,
Westport, Swinford, BelmuUet, Clare, and Ballina, each
of which towns has a court-house and bridewell. The
local government is vested in a lieutenant, 28 deputy-
lieutenauts, and 109 other magistrates; besides whom
are the usual county officers, including four coroners.
There are 46 constabulary police stations, having in the
whole a force of a county surveyor, 9 sub-inspectors, 9
head-constables, 44 constables, and 226 sub-constables,
with 10 horses ; the expense of whose maintenance in
1842 amounted to £ia,6s8, defrayed by grand jury
presentments and by government. Along the coast are
18 coast-guard stations; 6 in the district of Westport,
having a force of 6 officers and 52 men ; 6 in that of
Bclmullet, with 3 officers and 37 men ; and 6 in the
district of Killala, with 6 officers and 50 men : each
district is under the control of a resident inspecting
commander. The county infirmary, at Castlebar, is
supported by a government grant of £100 and by grand
jury presentments of £500 per annum. The district
lunatic asylum is at Ballinasloe ; and there are 22 dispen-
saries at Westport, Galway, Ballyhaunis, Cong, Erris,
Ballina, Gallen, Carra, Burrishoole, &c., maintained by
subscriptions and grand jury presentments in equal
portions. The total amount of grand jury present-
ments, for 1844, was £39,56S. In the military arrange-
ments the county is included in the Athlone district,
and contains seven barrack stations ; two for artillery
and infantry at Castlebar, one for infantry at Ballagha-
direen, two for cavalry and infantry at Ballinrobe, and
one for infantry at each of the towns of Westport and
Foxford ; affording, in the whole, accommodation for
52 officers and 1104 men, with 99 horses.
2 S2
MAYO
The SURFACE of the county varies extremely, from
the bleak and rugged mountain to the fertile plain.
The baronies to the east of the lakes, and part of Ty-
rawley, are champaign and productive. In the flat
country bordering on Loughs Mask and Carra are many
miles of rocky ground which at a distance appears like
an immense sheet of white stone, but on a nearer ap-
proach is found to consist of layers of projecting rock
in parallel lines, rising from one to three feet above the
surface, like flagstones pitched in the ground upon
their edges, and all, however varying in shape, size, or
relative distance, having the same direction : fissures of
great depth are found in some of their narrowest inter-
stices. The northern part of Tyrawley barony is level,
and adorned with numerous villas and country seats.
In travelling south from Kilcummin Head, the land by
degrees swells into hills, the tops of which are covered
with heath, while the sides and the valleys are green
and remarkably fertile : these hills gradually change
their character to that of the bleak and barren moun-
tain which stretches in a continuous tract, si.xty miles
long and seven miles broad, from Erris in the west to
the Ox mountains of Sligo, in the contrary direction.
In this range no variety meets the eye from Nephin to
Westport, except in the glen of Bohedon and the ex-
tensive woods that sweep along the windings of the
Colnabinna river, the banks of which are fringed with
verdure of exquisite hue. The whole western part of
the county is overspread with an immense mass of
mountain and bog, very difficult of access : the central
parts of this wild country are occupied by a range of
lofty mountains, commencing at Nephin, and extending
in a north-western direction to Knocklettercuss, and in
a western to Achill Island. This great mountain chain
divides the country into two parts ; that between its
western base and the sea is covered with bog, as is also
the greater part of the eastern division ; besides which,
all the gentle acclivities and mountain summits are
covered with a thin stratum of black bog. No arable
ground occurs in these districts, except in the narrow
valleys of the rivers, and in irregular patches along the
shore. There is another range of mountain commencing
at Dunfeeny bay, and stretching along the northern
coast to Broadhaven, beyond which is the peninsula of
The Mullet, flat, and capable of cultivation except where
covered with sand. The northern coast is particularly
wild : the rocky cliffs which extend along its whole
length are generally perpendicular, and in some parts
the surface of the land at top overhangs the sea ; their
average height is 400 feet. In many places, the edge
of the cliff is the highest point of the land ; so that the
water which falls from the surface within 20 yards of
the brow flows southerly, from the sea. Along the
high bold coast to the west, as far as the Stags of
Broadhaven, are caverns extending a great way under
the surface, and vaulted overhead with immense flags.
One of the most remarkable of these is nearly opposite
the Stags, near Dunkechan ; it extends several hundred
yards under the land, is roofed with stone, and is wide
enough to admit several boats to enter abreast, which
may be done in calm weather. But the greatest natural
curiosities of the county are the caves of Cong, on the
confines of the county of Galway, through which the
superfluous waters of Lough Mask take their subter-
raneous course to Lough Corrib.
316
MAYO
Nephin, 2639 feet in height, is, in magnitude and
form, extremely grand, its summit being generally en-
veloped in clouds ; it is situated at the extremity of an
immense bog, in the centre of which is Lough Conn,
and is separated from the rest of the great chain by the
deep glen of Kilnabreena. Its form, when viewed from
the south or east, is conical, the sides steep, and fre-
quently rocky and rugged, but the summit rounded,
and covered with alpine plants. The regularity of its
northern face is interrupted by a deep ravine, the pre-
cipitous sides of which disclose the internal structure
of the mountain. From the western side of the glen
of Kilnabreena rises the mountain of Berreencurragh,
2290 feet high, similar to Nephin, but more irregular
and rugged. Nephin-Beg, another mountain in the
same range, and of similar formation, is 1846 feet high.
The mountains which form the western part of the
great chain are also more rugged, and have peaked
summits, particularly Maam, Thomoish, and Croughletta.
The ridge of the Barnagee mountains lies south of
Nephin : their northern side is extremely steep and
abrupt. Three passes, about two miles distant from each
other, lead through them to the plain country in the
south ; the central and most important of these is
called the pass of Barnagee. Through it the French
force penetrated unexpectedly in 1/98, in its march
from Ballina, in consequence of which the king's troops
were taken by surprise at Castlebar, and routed. The
other passes are, that of Mosbrook, near Lough Conn,
and Glan Island, on the side of Westport. The sum-
mit of the central pass, which is a very long and steep
hill, commands a fine view of Castlebar and the ad-
joining plain, with Croagh Patrick rising in the dis-
tance.
The whole of the district south of the valley from
Lough Conn to Newport, except the space occupied by
the mountains of Barnagee, is thickly interspersed
with hills of different forms ; those lying between
Lough Conn and Loughs Carra and Mask stretching in
accordance with the line between the former and latter
lakes ; those proceeding to Clew bay taking their direc-
tion to the sea. The remarkable peak of Croagh Pa-
trick, or the Reek, rises from the southern shore of
Clew bay to an elevation of 2430 feet, embracing from
its summit a maguificent prospect of the neighbouring
bays and islands, with the amphitheatre of Erris, Bur-
rishoole, and Connemara. This mountain may be
divided into two parts ; the base, composed of a group
of undulating flat-topped hills rising to a considerable
height ; and the Reek, which towers above them in the
form of a cone. The romantic fables of the country
have fixed on this as the spot from which St. Patrick
drove all the venomous reptiles of the island into the
sea : it is still a favourite place for devotional rites.
The southern part of the barony of Murrisk rises into
steep mountains, of which Muilrea, the highest in Con-
naught, has an elevation of 2680 feet.
The LAKES are numerous, and several are of large size ;
the principal lie in a direction north and south from the
borders of Galway to Killala. A small part of the north-
ern portion of Lough Corrib is considered as belonging
to the county : this lake is navigable, unless in very dry
seasons, for boats of from 10 to 20 tons to its most
northern extremity at Cong, a distance of about 30 miles
from the sea. A narrow isthmus of high and rocky
M A Y O
M A V O
land, about two miles across, here separates it from Lough
Mask. This latter lake is 10 miles long by 4 broad,
with two arms about a mile distant from each other,
stretching into Joyces' Country, the larger projecting
four miles, the lesser three : the lake is navigable up
the Ballinrobe river, within I5 mile of Ballinrobe town.
The gillaroo trout, which is remarkable as having a
gizzard larger than that of a turkey, but never any roe,
is found in it : both red and white trout are also taken.
Lough Mask is 36 feet above the summer level of
Lough Corrib ; and the former pours the whole of its
redundant waters into the latter, through numerous
caverns, beneath the isthmus above noticed : from these
caverns the water emerges in some fountains near the
village of Cong, whence it flows in a rapid stream, turn-
ing several powerful mills, until it mingles with the
lower lake. Lough Carra is a very picturesque sheet of
water, seven miles long by three broad, studded with
woody peninsulas and islands : this lake assumes an
appearance not observable in other collections of fresh
water, its colour being greenish while that of others is
invariably blue ; a peculiarity attributable to the shal-
lowness of its water, which covers a bed of pale yellowish
marl. Luugh Dan, the next in order, is much smaller
than any of the others in the range ; it is also called
Castlebar lake, because its eastern extremity is close to
the town of that name. Lough Conn is a fine piece of
water, fifteen miles long by five broad, interspersed with
islands on which are ruins of castles and of monasteries,
and having its borders fringed with woods and orna-
mented with mansions and villas ; it communicates with
the towns of Foxford and Crossmolina, and stretches
within two miles of Ballina, and ten of Killala. At the
south-eastern extremity of Lough Conn is Lough Culten,
sometimes called the Lower Conn ; it is separated from
the former lake by a narrow strait, over which a bridge
named Pontoon-bridge was built, on the formation of
the new mail line to Sligo. An extraordinary pheno-
menon is visible here, in the alternate ebbing and flow-
ing of the two lakes : the water is seen sometimes
rushing with great force through the channel beneath
Pontoon-bridge into Lough Cullen ; while at others it
runs with equal force from this lake into Lough Conn,
and this is often observable when the waters of the
upper lake are much swollen by floods from the moun-
tains, while the lower lake, or Cullen, is the natural
outlet of the whole of this immense volume of water.
The shores of both lakes being composed in many
places of a fine red sand, the line of high-water mark
can be distinctly traced several inches above the water ;
and then in the space of an hour, without any apparent
cause, the water rises again to the higher level in the
one lake, while it is low water in the other ; numerous
unsatisfactory conjectures have been stated relative to
this extraordinary fact. Besides the lakes now men-
tioned there are many others ; the principal are Upper
and Lower Lough Aile, Lough Urlor, Lough Samore,
Lough Skye, Beltra Lake, Kerramore Lake, and other
smaller lakes near Foxford, Manilla, Ballinrobe, Shrule,
Annagh, Ballyhaunis, Ballagh, and Kinturk. In this
county, as in that of Galway, are numerous turlougbs,
which in winter and wet seasons cover large tracts of
land, and at other times afford excellent pasture.
The COAST is indented by numerous bays. The
mouth of the Moy forms its north-eastern extremity ;
Sir
this river has a bar, on which there are but three feet
of water. Killala Hay, into which the Moy runs, admits
vessels of ten feet draught only at spring tides, but
small vessels can proceed as far as the abbey of Moyne.
Two miles north from Killala is the low peninsula called
Kilcummin Head, on which the French effected their
landing in 1*98. On the eastern side of the bay, in
county Sligo, is the village of Inniscroan, the best fish-
ing-place on the coast ; and near the town of Killala is
a peninsula called Ross, between the inlets of Killala
and Rathbran, which is curiously indented by the sea
at high water. Dunfeeny Day is of little importance
for nautical purposes, but is remarkable for an insu-
lated rock called Downpatrick Head, the perpendicular
cliff of which affords five distinct sections of the hori-
zontal strata of its formation. From this bay westward
the coast is a precipitous cliff for many miles, confining
within its interior an extensive uncultivated bog ; this
lofty formation continues to Uruadhaven, a bay seven
miles in breadth at its mouth, by four or five in depth.
The bay has two principal arms, the eastern of which
receives two considerable rivers : the best entrance to
the haven is less than half a mile in width, and the
inlet within it winds for nearly seven miles to the
isthmus which connects the flat and sandy, yet fertile,
peninsula of the Mullet with the main land. Broad-
haven is merely a fishing station, where open boats only
are used : flat-fish is abundant. The northern end of
the peninsula is precipitous and rugged ; and near it
is the narrow and rocky cove of Portnafranka. Its
south end terminates with a considerable hill of red
granite, which opens into Blacksod Day, a spacious
haven with good shelter and water sufhcient for any
number of ships, which penetrates inland for several
miles, until it meets the isthmus of Belmullet, by which
it is separated from Broadhaven.
Clew Bay forms a noble and well-sheltered expanse
of water, fifteen miles long and seven broad. Its
entrance is screened, through one-third of its breadth,
by Clare Island ; and the inner or eastern extremity is
occupied by a vast multitude of small islets, which, with
the adjoining creeks and inlets, form a variety of safe
roadsteads and liarbours, capable of admitting vessels
of every class. These islands are composed of a deep
loamy soil on a limestone substratum ; many of them
are accessible at low water by foot passengers. The
towns of Newport and Westport are built at the inner
ends of two of the inlets, and are provided with quays,
to which vessels of ten feet draught may approach at
high water. The islands and channels on the West-
port side of the bay are protected by a very singular
natural breakwater of shingle and boulder stones, which
stretches from the entrance of Westport harbour to the
southern shore under Croagh Patrick. There are in this
line of beach six navigable openings, the roost important
of which, leading to Westport, is marked by a small
lighthouse built by the Marquess of Sligo. Clew bay
possesses many picturesque and attractive features.
Among the most striking are, the lofty conical peak of
Croagh Patrick, and the lofty mountains of Erriv and
Benabola, on the south ; those of Nephin and Carti-
narry, together with the hills of Achill, on the north ;
on the east the two flourishing ports above named, with
the fine domain of the Marquess of Sligo ; and in the
west Clare Island, rising majestically to check the fury
MAYO
MAYO
of the Atlantic. The southern 'horn of this bay is Bui
Naha, or the Yellow head ; whence the shore is wild and
uninteresting, until it reaches Killery Bay. This bay,
which separates the counties of Mayo and Galway, pene-
trates eleven miles into the interior between steep and
lofty mountains, and is uniformly about half a mile in
breadth, being throughout an excellent harbour for
large ships, though occasionally subject to squalls from
the hills. Off the coast of the county are numerous
Islands, the most remarkable of which, exclusively of
those in Clew bay, are Achill and Achillbeg, Clare,
Caher, Innisbofin, Jnnishark, Innisturk, Darilau or
O'Darilan, O.v, Inniskeamore, Inniskeabeg, Cahir, Innis-
dallow, Ballybeg, Innisgort, Innisbeg, Innistegil, Annagh,
Barnach, Inniskeragh, Eagle Island, and Innisglore.
Many of them are large, and thickly inhabited. Eagle
Island, situated off the Mullet, and about one league
south-west from Erris, or Urres Hea, has two lofty
lighthouses, erected in 1S36.
The SOIL in the champaign country is chiefly a dark-
brown sandy and gravelly loam, on a limestone bottom ;
in some parts it is light and moory. In the districts
in which bog prevails are ridges of limestone-gravel,
called escars, iu some places three miles long, | of a mile
broad at the base, and from 30 to 60 feet high : they
spontaneously produce many varieties of trees, which,
however, seldom attain any size, in consequence of their
exposure when young to the cattle. The rocky pastures
in which oak and hazel brushwood grow spontaneously
are excellent for fattening. The tendency to produce
rich grass also shows itself in many parts of the moun-
tainous regions. On passing the junction between the
primary and secondary rocks, a striking improvement
in .the appearance of the verdure is observable ; some
of these secondary hills contain limestone, and the
water is so strongly impregnated with this mineral,
that calcareous depositions are found in large quantities.
The sand along the shores of Broadhaven and Blacksod
bay is mostly silicious ; yet with a slight manuring of
«ea-weed, it produces excellent barley and potatoes.
In these districts the inhabitants are much annoyed by
the drifting sand, which is reduced to such a degree of
comminution, as to penetrate even into the works of
watches. Marly gravel, the substratum of all the hills,
was observed, when removed for the purpose of covering
roads, to change the growth of the spot it fell on from
heath to grass ; the discovery of which quality led to its
liberal use in reclaiming the summits of hills, and moory
tracts, hitherto nearly unprofitable.
Wheat is grown in the southern and champaign
parts ; potatoes, oats, barley, and flax, in the more
elevated districts. But the greater portion of the latter
division is under pasture, as the grass is found to be
suitable for rearing young cattle, though it is not rich
enough to fatten them. The farms in the grazing dis-
tricts are in size from 100 to .nOO acres. The general
term of a lease is one life, or 1\ years ; a non-alienation
clause is common ; and latterly another has been
Occasionally introduced, by which a stipulated allow-
ance is to be made to the tenant out of the reserved
rent, for every acre of land reclaimed. The manures
are, limestone-gravel, especially for reclaiming bog and
mountain ; limestone, which is very general, and used
wherever a supply of fuel for burning it can be had ;
composts of bog- mould and farm-manure ; and, near
318
the sea-coast, shell-sand and weed. Paring and burn-
ing are very prevalent, notwithstanding the penalties
inflicted on the practice by act of parliament ; the land,
when so treated, produces tolerable crops for a few
years, but is afterwards barren for a considerable
length of time. When burning has been repeated
three or four times, it has been found necessary to
renovate the soil by a coat of bog mixed with earth or
farm-rubbish. In reclaiming bog, which is done by
limestone-gravel to the thickness of an inch, or bj' white
marl, it is observed that when the heath dies, as it does
in about three years, daisies and white clover show
themselves, indicating that the land is fit for tillage.
The plough is an implement little used in the boggy
and mountainous parts ; the long narrow spade, which
generally supplies its place, is called a " loy." In Erris,
a spade of still more unusual construction is found to
answer best in light sandy soils ; it consists of two iron
blades, each about three inches broad, with a space of
an inch and a half between them, fixed on a two-forked
shaft like two loys. The old and clumsy agricultural
implements are rapidly giving way to those of a more
improved description ; the slide car is nearly extinct
even in the mountains. Yet still the cottiers' imple-
ments are mostly limited to the spade and sickle ; and
the manure is carried to the field, and the produce to
market, in wicker panniers on horses' backs, or on the
shoulders of women. In general, the ploughing is too
light, and the sowing too late in the season ; hence, the
harvest of every kind of crop requires the farmer's at-
tention simultaneously. Wheat is cultivated to some
extent, but potatoes and oats are the main crops ; green
crops are more frequent than formerly ; flax is raised
only on the headlands, or corners of a field, for domestic
use. The favourite breed of horned-cattle is a cross be-
tween the old Leicester and the native stock ; but the
native cow is still preferred in the upland districts. The
sheep are not equal to those of the adjoining counties.
In the mountains a useful hardy race of horses is found;
in the lowland districts, the horses are remarkably good
for the saddle, and of superior action. Pigs do not enter
into the rural economy of the small farmer to the same
extent as in other counties. Dairies are neither nume-
rous nor extensive, the rearing of young cattle being the
more general occupation. The fences are dry stone
walls formed by collecting the numerous loose stones off
the land, but in Clanmorris and Kilmaine they are good
ditches faced with quicksets. Draining and irrigation
are little practised, though the soil and the command of
water are favourable to both.
So late as 16/5, the county was well wooded, and had
three extensive forests, at Barnagee, Cappough, and Lis-
cullen ; but even the vestiges of these have been swept
away, and the last extensive wood of the county, that of
Glanmurra, on the shores of Killery bay, was felled in
the winters of 17*8 and 1/79. Natural oaks grow on
all the hills in the Barnagee mountains, and are kept
down only by the browsing of the cattle. It has also
been ascertained that bogs, of an altitude too great to
admit of profitable cultivation, are capable of produc-
ing timber by planting and fencing. The most remark-
able range of woods at present is round the base of
Croagh Patrick mountain, following the windings of the
Brackloon river. The Marquess of Sligo has planted to
a large extent, and with great prospect of remuneration.
MAYO
M A Y O
in the neighbourhood of Westport. In general the
baronies of Tyravvlcy, Burrishoole, Gallen, and Costello,
are nearly bare of timber ; in Murrisk it abounds, chiefly
on the Marquess of Sligo's property ; as also in Clan-
morris, which exhibits some woods of fine full-grown
timber ; but in Carragh the plantations are few.
The whole of the mountains in this county, in a
GEOLOGICAL point of view, are of primary formation ;
but rocks of secondary formation arc freriuently found
overlaying the primary at the base of the mountains.
The secondary formation, on the northern range, is red
sandstone covered with slate-clay, which alternates with
floetz sandstone ; as also, limestone alternating with
slate-clay : to the south is the old red sandstone covered
with floetz limestone. A line drawn from the southern
shore of Achill, and continued along the southern base of
Coraan mountain, would very nearly pass along the junc-
tion of the primary and secondary formations. The
primary rocks pass by a narrow isthmus between the
secondary rocks at Castlebar, to the shore of Clew bay,
and join the primary range, which commences at Croagh
Patrick and. proceeds thence into Joyces' Country. No
secondary rocks are met with between Achill Head, on
the west coast, and Balderric on the north. Near this
latter point the secondary formation commences, and
it continues without interruption along the coast by
Downpatrick, Killala, and Sligo, to Ballyshannon. From
the junction at the sea-shore near Balderric, the edge of
the primary country takes a direction nearly south to
Croghan mountain, at the base of which, in the bed of
the Owenmore, the old red sandstone appears overlaying
mica-slate. From Croghan the junction of the rocks
may be traced to the northern base of Nephin ; and
thence, crossing Lough Conn, it proceeds along the
northern base of the range of primary mountains from
Foxford to Ballysadare. The great mountain chain
commencing at Nephin, and extending in a north-western
direction by the valley of the Owenmore to Coraan
mountain, is entirely composed, except at Nephin-Beg,
of mica-slate and granular quartz rock. Nephin moun-
tain, the strata of which are fully disclosed by fissures,
is formed of mica-slate, of very variable proportions ;
the stratification is for the most part nearly vertical,
but irregular. The composition of Nephin-Beg is very
similar to that of the larger mountain. The western
part of the county between Achill Head and the north
coast, is for the most part a low plain of bog on a bot-
tom of mica-slate, backed by mountain ranges of quartz
rock. In the island of Achill the rocks are chiefly
quartz ; in the adjoining peninsula of Coraan, conglo-
merate sandstone. In the peninsula of the Mullet the
country is mostly covered with silicious sand ; on the
western shore, where the rocks are visible, they are
more crystalline than the mountains on the east. Upon
the whole, this part of Erris much resembles the i.?lands
of Coll and Tiree in the Hebrides. At Dunfeeny bay,
the alternating beds of sandstone and clay-slate are
covered by almost innumerable alternations of thin beds
of black shale and black limestone : many of the beds
of black shale contain balls of clay ironstone ; some so
carbonaceous as to soil the fingers very much, and to
emit a dense black smoke when thrown on the fire.
The old red sandstone at the base of Croghan moun-
tain, is covered by series of rocks of slate-clay and floetz-
sandstone alternating ; and though no beds of toal have
319
been discovered, there i.s rea-son to think that tho»c
series belong to that formation. The existence of this
mineral is also shown by a variety of indications, in
the mountains of Derinkce, near Westport. The iron-
ore, the sandstone, the ochre (which is found in abund-
ance and of good quality), and the ferruginous scum on
the lakes and rivers, all seem to point out the existence
of coal : in Slicve Carne, in Clanmorris barony, are also
many indications of it. The character of the Limestone
which alternates with the clay-slate, along the north-
eastern coast, from Balderric to Ballyshannon, is very
peculiar : the beds rarely exceed two feet in thickness ;
some are of a dull-black colour, and contain no marine
remains ; others are almost wholly composed of muscle
shells. Iron-ore is found in abundance on the lands of
Cross in Erris, and at Tallagha in the same barony ; it
is also met with in abundance in the bed of Clonoure
river, and in the Deel river, where it is found in small
lumps of a beautiful red colour. Iron-works erected by
Sir George Shaen near the Mullet, and more lately on the
Deel by Mr. Rutledge, were discontinued from the want
of fuel. Manganese is abundant in several parts, but the
richest deposits are in the neighbourhood of Westport,
and in the vale of the Owenmore ; Clay fit for porcelain
and every other description of earthenware is found in
inexhaustible beds, and cargoes of the finer sorts are
shipped for England. Fullers-earth and pipe-clay are
also abundant, and very good ; clay for bricks abounds
in every barony. Slate-quarries on an extensive scale
have been worked near Westport : freestone of a good
colour, very compact and easily wrought, is abundant in
several places ; and grey marble, beautifully marked,
and susceptible of a fine polish, is plentiful in thobarony
of Murrisk. Excellent hones are procured in the WW of
Bocca.
Linen is extensively manufactured, chiefly in the
cabins of the poor, many of which, particularly in the
mountainous districts, are furnished with a loom : the
cloth is generally sold grey, and sent elsewhere to be
bleached, although there are two extensive bleach- greens
near Westport, and another at Turlough. At Bally-
clare is a very extensive manufactory of linens, nnions,
diapers, and sheetings : friezes, flannels, and woollen
stockings, are made in all parts ; the chief markets for
the sale of them are Castlebar and Westport. A manu-
facture of straw-plat for hats and bonnets has been
introduced. Kelp is made on all parts of the coast.
The increasing demand for grain, chiefly oats for Liver-
pool, aided by the establishment of corn-buyers in the
sea- ports, has given ri«e to a considerable export trade,
for which Killala, Ballina, Newport, and Westport are
the chief marts.
Along the whole coast are remarkably fine fishing
banks : the principal, extending between Innisbofin and
Achill, is abundantly supplied with all kinds of white-
fish, particularly mackerel, gurnet, and herrings. North
of Achill Head is a sand-bank stretching to Blacksod
bay, affording turbot and other flat-fish in the greatest
abundance. Beyond this, lies the Inniskealing bank,
extending eight leagues to sea ; it is usually fished from
May to August. The great Siin-Jish bank, so called
from being frequented by the sun-fish or basking shark
during spring, is about thirty miles off the coast, and
is supposed to be a ridge of elevated submarine land ex-
tending from the Blasquets, in Kerry, to Erris Head.
MAYO
The best season for the fishery is during the last week
in April or first in May; the fish come hither from the
north, and are seen from Tory Island to the Blasquets.
In fine weather they show themselves in the morning
and evening, in considerable numbers, and are easily
assailable ; but at this season the uncertainty of the
weather and the heavy swell often baffle the fishers.
Should a fine day or two occur, from thirty to forty
may be killed ; but on the death of a few, the rest
retreat suddenly to the south, being warned off, the
fishermen say, by the smell of the blood : should any
stragglers remain, they are so lean as to be scarcely
worth killing. They are taken with a harpoon, so con-
structed as to keep fast hold when it has penetrated
the body of the fish. The animal, before it is disturbed,
lies quietly on the surface, making no effort to escape
till pierced to the quick. Many fish, however, are struck
without effect, in which case the spears and line are lost.
Indeed, the whole appears to be an unprofitable busi-
ness : the outfit of the number of boats engaged in it
cannot be estimated at less than £'2000 in the season,
to compensate for which, the value of the fish caught
even in a fa\ourable year, has never been above £1500 ;
the loss of time of so many people, at an important
agricultural season, should also be included in the
estimate. The fishing is now chiefly followed by the few
decked-vessels that can stand out waiting for good
weather.
The whole fishing trade, with this e.vception, is carried
on in open boats : not a single decked-vessel is employed
between Killala and Newport, or between Westport and
Galway, and but few half-decked. The deficiency is
owing partly to the poverty of the district ; partly to
the want of harbours, without which decked-vessels
cannot load or unload ; and partly to the construction
of open boats being most convenient for carrying on
the coasting-trade in turf, in which those residing on
the shores are engaged in the intervals between the fish-
ing seasons. The number of boats, both for sailing and
rowing, is very great. The northern coast of Con-
naught is scantily supplied with harbours ; the principal
are those of Killala and its vicinity. The greater part
of Killala bay is a good turbot-bank, and round-fish
abound under Kilcummin Head and the deep cliffs to
the westward ; the village of Inniscroan, or Enniscrone,
is accounted the best station. The whole western
coast is furnished with bays, inlet.s, and coves, of every
description, for the reception of the fishing-craft. Kil-
lery harbour is one of the best fisheries for herrings ; but
this branch has been much crippled by the restrictions
of the fishery laws.
Herrings have been known to set in to some of the
bays in vast shoals, yet, from the want of salt, they
were left to rot on the shore in heaps ; and the wretched
fisherman, whose little stock had been expended in fitting
out his sea equipage, witnessed his own ruin with abun-
dance apparently within his grasp. To obviate this
calamity, salt is now stored at Clifdcn, Westport, and
Belmullet. The white-fishery commences in Lent ; spil-
ler lines are used from Ash-Wednesday : the bait for
cod and haddock is the slug found in the strand ;
muscles and whilks are unknown, as are crabs and
scollops. Great numbers of Turbot come into Killala
bay in August, appearing to follow the sand-eel found
in great abundance in the strand. Mackerel comes in
320
MAYO
June and July, in shoals which refuse the bait and are
taken by the seine ; but in August they separate, and
draw near the shore, when they are caught by hand-
lines baited with sand-eel. The white-fish caught at sea
are principally Cod, Haddock, and Ling. Pollock is
caught at all seasons round the headlands. The deep-
sea fishing commences in May, when small-fish bait
begins to be plentiful j the herring-fishery commences
in May, and continues till August, but further out this
fish is found at all seasons, and of large size ; the winter
fishing is carried on from November to Christmas. In
spring, the in-shore fishers apply themselves to tillage
and to the manufacture of kelp. The Salmon fisheries
are numerous and important : that of Ballina is the best
in Ireland except Coleraine. There are also very valu-
able fisheries at Belclare, Louisburgh, and Killery, where
vast quantities of salmon are annually taken ; and
smaller fisheries at Westport, Newport, Burrishoole,
and Goolamore.
No RIVERS of any importance rise in the county or
pass through it. The May, which separates it from
Sligo, after receiving the waters of Loughs Cullen and
Conn, flows in a broad stream by Ballina into the bajj
of Killala. The bar has deep water after great floods,
but is dangerous from its liability to shift. A few years
since, it was passed by vessels drawing 14 feet water ;
it is now often fordable in dry summers : sloops, how-
ever, ascend to within a mile of Ballina. It has been
proposed to form a lock at Belleek Castle, by which
vessels of heavy burthen might come up to the town, if
a passage were cut through the limestone ledges that
obstruct the navigation. The Blackwater, also called the
Shrule, which for a short distance forms the boundary
between Mayo and Galway, has an underground course
for three miles near Shrule ; after its re-appearance it
falls into Lough Corrib. The Aile, which is navigable
for boats of six feet draught for a distance of five miles
from Lough Mask, also disappears for some time, after
having sunk under a stratum of limestone. The Castlebar
river is navigable from Lough Conn for the distance of
four miles : the Lung, which flows into Lough Carra,
admits boats from the lake, which ascend the river about
three miles. The other rivers are little more than
mountain streams : the principal are, the Oicenmore, fall-
ing into Blacksod bay, and remarkable for the quantity
of water it sometimes carries from the mountains ;
the Deel ; the Robe ; the Erriv ; and the Carnamart.
The greater part of the county to the west of the
lakes was nearly destitute of roads previously to 1798.
No way existed of travelling through Erris but on foot ;
or if a horseman attempted the journey, he required
the aid of six or eight guides on foot to cast the horse
at every swamp, fasten his legs, and haul him over by
ropes. The journey from Ballina to the coast could not
be accomplished in less than three days, and, if the
rivers were swollen, required a much longer time : the
expense for guides, in money and refreshments, was
more than that now required for a carriage and post-
horses from Castlebar to the Mullet, a distance of 56
miles, which may be performed in a day. A carriage
road has been made along the banks of the Owenmore :
one branch proceeds from Castlebar, another from
Crossmolina ; the former is level and well laid out, the
latter labours under the defects of the old country
system. After passing the mountains, a new line
M A Y O
M A Y O
brandies off to Belmullet, and thence along the western
side of Blacksod harbour. Other lines of road are now
tompleted from the same point to the western side of
Broadhaven ; others to Coraan and Achill : by the
former a communication is opened to the north coast
and Killala; the latter unites with a new line from
Newport to the extremity of Achill. A new and level
line of road has also been made from Killala to Ballina,
Fo.vford, and Swinford, by which the produce of the in-
terior of the country may be conveyed to the sea. There
is a very excellent line from the head of the Killeries to
Westport, being a continuation of the level line from
Clifden through the wilds of Conneniara and Joyces'
Country ; thus opening a direct communication between
Castlebar, Westport, and these districts of Galway. A
mail line has been opened between Castlebar and Bal-
lina, crossing the narrow channel between Lough Conn
and Lough Cullen, by Pontoon bridge : another line
has been opened from Killala, round the northern
coast.
There are four ancient round towers in the county,
at Killala, Turlogh, Meelick, and Baal or Ballagh. The
Monasterii'S were numerous, and of high repute for sanc-
tity and wealth. The principal were, Burrishoole ; Bal-
lintubber or Tubberpatrick ; Ballynasmall ; Urlare or
Orlare ; Ballyhaunis, which was inhabited by a fraternity
of friars in 1641; Cross; Strade ; Ballinrobe or De
Roba ; Mayo, which was afterwards the residence of a
bishop, and gave name to the county ; Ballina ; Cross-
molina ; Moyne ; Rathbran or Rafran ; Rosserick ; and
Bofin, in the island of Innisbofin. Among the military
ANTiauiTiES the most ancient is that at Duwnpatrkk
or Dunbriste, built on a neck of land forming a cliBF
three hundred feet high projecting into the sea ; at
about the same distance in the sea stands a rugged per-
pendicular rock of equal elevation with that on the main
land, of a triangular shape, contracting gradually from
a large base, to the summit, where it is about sixty yards
round, and on which are the ruins of a building. The
strata, and indentations of surface, in the cliff on the
main land and in the insulated rock, correspond in
shape and colour. Near the extremity of the neck
of land, a strong grouted wall has been built across
the point from sea to sea. The appearance of the
whole seems to indicate, that the island was at one
period attached to the main land but was dissevered
from it by some convulsion of nature; and the name
Dunbriste, which signifies " the broken rock," confirms
this supposition. The place is one of peculiar vene-
ration ; the people resorting to it do penance around
several stone crosses on Good Friday, at which time a
priest is in attendance. Rockjieet Castle, a small square
building on the shore, about three miles west of New-
port, is said to have been built by the celebrated Grace
O'Malley, already mentioned, who was so singularly at-
tached to the sea that all her castles were erected on the
coast ; and tradition states, that when she slept on
shore the cable of her own barge was always fastened
to her bedpost. Ballylahen Castle, in Gallen barony,
was built by one of the Jordan or Dexter family, who
built ten others for his ten sons ; they are all small
square buildings with a very few contracted windows, a
description applicable to most of the castellated struc-
tures so numerously scattered throughout the county.
Inver Castle, on the eastern side of Broadhaven, was the
Vol. IL— 3n
principal fortress in Ennis, and seems to have been a
structure of great extent and strength ; many ruins of
inferior note are to be seen in this barony. The castle
of Ralli/iglen, built in a valley of the same name, in
Tyrawley, has on its top an altar, which gives to that
part of the building the name of the Altar-room. Dvel
Castle, built by the Burke family, stands roofed and en-
tire, within four miles of Ballina, on the estate of the
late Colonel Cuff. In Castle Island, in Lough Conn, are
the ruins of a fort in which O'Conor is said to have con-
fined his brother, after depriving him of sight, for having
rebelled against him. Furtnakallij Castle, about a mile
from Downpatrick, is remarkable for the total want of
windows, although the walls yet standing arc upwards
of twenty feet high. The other remains of castles are
not marked by any features sufficiently important to
entitle them to particular notice; they were chiefly
built by the Burkes, the Barretts, and the Jennings.
The principal modern mansions of the nobility and
gentry are noticed in their respective parishes.
The condition and appearance of the peasantry differ
much in different parts. In the districts about West-
port and Newport, the people were formerly in comfort-
able circumstances, uniting the occupations of a farmer,
weaver, and fisherman ; but for several years the change
in their circumstances for the worse has been very
great, which is attributed to the decline in the linen
trade here, the subdivision of farms, and early and im-
provident marriages. The peasantry, particularly in the
pasturing districts, where extensive farms are held in
common, live in villages ; detached cabins are only oc-
casionally to be met with. Their habitations are built
in some parts of uncemented stone, in others of sods or
mud on a stone foundation : they are roofed chiefly
with bog timber, which is never of sufficient size to
furnish rafters except for the smallest cabins : the price
of foreign timber prevents its general use. The cabins,
hence, have an appearance even more miserable than
those in other parts of Ireland. In the mountainous
districts, and on the borders of the bog, the habitations
are peculiarly wretched, indicating the greatest poverty.
In Gallen, the houses are built of dry walls dashed with
mortar, and have generally a chimney and two partitions,
besides a recess called a hag, sunk in the side wall
opposite the fire, which contains a bed, and is screened
by a straw mat hung up for a curtain. The fuel is uni-
versally turf; the food, potatoes, oaten bread, milk, and
herrings ; and the clothing chiefly a dark-coloured
frieze manufactured by the people themselves, with
thicksets and cotton occasionally. The women were
formerly clothed in home-made stuffs, flannels, and
friezes, and, like those of Galway, the short jacket and
petticoat were of red flannel or frieze; the jacket has in
most instances given way to a cotton gown, but the
deep crimson petticoat is still worn throughout the
greater part of the county. The Irish language is gene-
rally spoken by the old inhabitants ; but young people
almost every where speak English, and many of the
children, even in the mountain districts and along the
sea- shore, are unacquainted with the Irish language.
Every village has its code of laws, established by the
inhabitants : differences which cannot be accommodated
in this manner used to be referred to the proprietor of
the estate, or his agent ; but now they are generally
carried to the sessions. This rud. system of village law
2T
MEAT
MEAT
is said to give rise to much strife and pertinacious liti-
gation. A place is shewn near Dunmore town, in Adder-
goole parish, where, after a violent fall of rain accom-
panied with a dreadful and unusual noise, the workmen
at a turbary perceived the bog, to the extent of ten
acres, floating after them till it spread over a piece of
low pasture which it entirely covered to the extent of
thirty acres. iMayo gives the titles of Earl and Viscount
to the Burke family.
IMAYO, a parish, in the union of Ballinrobe,
partly in the barony of Kilmaine, but chiefly in that
of Clanmorris, county of Mayo, and province of Con-
naught, 6 miles (X. by E.) from Hollymount, and on
the road from Ballinrobe to Claremorris ; containing
4179 inhabitants. Here was formerly a town of some
note, famous for its university. St. Colman, having re-
signed the Benedictine cell of Lindisfarne, in North-
umberland, and returned into Ireland, a. d. 665, founded
an abbey here, in which he placed some English monks
who had accompanied him, from whom it was called
Magio-na-Sasson, or " Blayo of the English, or Saxons."
St. Gerald and St. Adamnan severally succeeded St. Col-
man in the abbacy ; and St. Segretia, the sister of St.
Gerald, presided over a nunnery here. The abbey was
destroyed by lightning in 77S, burned by the Danes in
81S, 90S, and 1169, and plundered in l^Oi by Wil-
liam de Burgo : at the Dissolution its possessions were
granted to the burgesses of Galway. The parish com-
prises 11,848:1: statute acres. The land is of very good
quality, though under an inferior system of tillage, and
there is tolerable pasturage for sheep : several bogs are
being reclaimed. There are many limestone-quarries of
a good description. A fair which was formerly held at
Brize, on August 11th, for horses, cows, and sheep, is
now held in the adjoining parish of Ballagh. The prin-
cipal seats are, Browne Hall, the residence of Colonel
Browne ; and Brize. The living is a rectory and vicar-
age, in the diocese of Tuam, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £180. The glebe-house
was erected in 1S26, at an expense of £900, of which
£500 were a loan, and £100 a gift, from the late Board
of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 2^ acres, valued at
£37. 10. per annum. The church is a small plain edifice,
built about the year 181 1, at a cost of £600, a gift from
the same Board. The Roman Catholic parish is co-
extensive with that of the Established Church; the
chapel is near the ruins of the monastery. Here are,
among various others, three ancient castles where
human bones are frequently dug up. The once cele-
brated abbey evinces, by its ruins, its former splendour :
according to tradition, Alfred the Great was educated,
and one of his sons buried, here. There are curious
remains of ancient intrenchments.
MAYO, Queen's county. — See Killeban.
MEATH, a maritime county of the province of
Leinster, bounded on the east by Dublin and the Irish
Sea ; on the north by Louth, Monaghan, and Cavan ;
on the west by Westnieath ; and on the south by the
Kings county, Kildarc, and Dublin. It extends from
.53° 23' to .53° 55' (N. Lat.), and from 6° 13' to 7° 19'
(W. Lon.) ; and comprises 579,889 statute acres, of
which 547,391 are arable, 16,033 uncultivated, I'2,767 in
plantations, 464 in towns and villages, and 3244 under
water. The population, in 1821, amounted to 159,183;
in 1831, to 176,826; and in 1641, to 183,828.
3ii2
The Eblani, whose territory also extended over Dublin
and Kildare, are mentioned by Ptolemy as being settled
in this county. According to the native divisions the
district formed part of one of the five kingdoms into
■which Ireland was partitioned, and was known by the
name of Mithe, Methe, Media or Midia ; perhaps from
its central situation. Other writers, however, derive
its name from the Irish Mlaith or Magh, a " plain," or
"level country," a derivation indicative of its natural
character. It was afterwards divided into two parts ;
Oireamhoin, or " the eastern country," which compre-
hended the portion now known by the name of Meath ;
and Eireamhoiii, or " the western country," comprehend-
ing the present counties of Westmeath and Longford,
■with parts of Cavan, Kildare, and the King's county.
The prince of East Meath was O'Nial, hereditary chief-
tain of Caelman or Clancolman, who is distinguished in
the native annals by the name of the Southern O'Nial.
The district surrounding the hill of Taragh was ori-
ginally called Magh-Breagh. On this hill, styled also
"Teamor, from Teaghmor, " the great house," was held
the general assembly of the states of the kingdom, which
met triennially, from a very early period to the end of
the sixth century. Here was preserved the Labheireg,
or " stone of destiny," on which the monarchs of Ire-
land were placed at their inauguration, and which, after
having been removed to Scotland, was carried away by
Edward I., among the other trophies of his victory, tt)
Westminster, where it still remains. From this hill,
which St. Patrick chose as the most appropriate place
for promulgating the object of his mission, the Christian
religion spread itself rapidly over every part of the
island ; and the numerous religious institutions founded
by that apostle and his immediate disciples throughout
the surrounding districts, attest the rapid progress and
permanence of the new doctrine. This part of Ireland
suffered severely by the invasions of the Danes. In
838, Turgesius, king of that nation, sailed up the Boyne ;
and after making the country the scene of unexampled
devastation, in which the persons and property of the
Christian clergy were principal objects of persecution,
he fixed here his seat of government. The erection of
the raths scattered over the county is attributed to him
and his followers ; one of them, of peculiar extent and
strength, in the immediate neighbourhood of Taragh, is
said to have been his chief place of residence. After
his assassination by Melaghlin, King of Meath, the
Danes who escaped a similar fate, after a continued
struggle for more than a century, were totally defeated
at Taragh in 980. Yet the frequent destruction of
monasteries and towns recorded in the annals of the
religious houses, afford melancholy proof that, though
unable to regain their former dominion, this ferocious
and warlike people were powerful enough to disturb the
tranquillity of the country by their frequent predatory
incursions.
After the arrival of the English, Henry II. granted
to Hugh de Lacy the whole of the ancient kingdom of
Meath, to hold by the service of 50 knights. De Lacy
shortly afterwards divided the greater portion of this
princely grant among his principal followers, giving to
Gilbert Nangle the territory of Morgallion ; to Jocelyn,
son of Gilbert, Navan, Ardbraccan, and their depend-
encies ; to Adam Pheipo, the district and manor of
Skreen ; to Robert Misset, the lands of Lune ; and to
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Gilbert Fitz-Thomas, Kells. From these grants, and
from their first possessors having been created barons
by the lord of the palatinate, who exercised the rights
of sovereignty, the divisions were called baronies, which
term ultimately became the general name for the great
divisions of counties. The new occupants were not
permitted to enjoy undisturbed the possessions thus
acquired. Roderic O'Conor, King of Ireland, at the
head of a large army, suddenly entered Mcath, and laid
siege to Trim, which was saved only by the rapid ap-
proach of Raymond le Gros, then celebrating his mar-
riage with Strongbow's sister in Wexford. The county
also suffered about the same time from the incursions
of the Irish of Ulster, and from an invasion of Melaghlin,
King of Meath, who took and demolished Slane Castle,
after its governor, Richard Fleming, had been killed in
its defence. On the death of Hugh de Lacy, who was
assassinated at Dermagh or Durrow, in the King's
county, by one of his own dependants, Meath descended
to his son Walter.
King John spent some time in this county during his
abode in Ireland, and tradition says that he held a par-
liament at Trim, which however is very doubtful, as
there are no traces of its proceedings. A tomb in which
one of this king's daughters is said to have been interred,
was shewn in the abbey of Newtown, near Trim. About
the year V120, Meath was almost ruineil by the private
quarrels of Hugh, Earl of Ulster, and William Marshall.
'U'' alter de Lacy having died in 1234 without male issue,
his princely possessions descended to his two daughters,
the wives of Geoffrey de Geneville and Theobald Verdun.
In the reign of Henry VIII., the extensive church pro-
perty in the county fell into the hands of the king on
the dissolution of the monasteries ; and towards the
close of the same reign Con O'Nial, King or Prince of
Ulster, invaded Meath, and pillaged and burned Navan,
in his progress : to prevent a recurrence of this cala-
mity, a cess of 3s. ■id. was laid on every ploughland in
the county, to be applied towards inclosing Navan with
a wall. In the 34th year of the same king's reign, the
division of the county into Meath and Westmeath took
place. During the reign of Elizabeth the county was
in a state of great wretchedness and destitution, as ap-
pears from the report made by Sir Henry Sidney, in
1576, in which he says " that, of the '2'24 parish churches
then in the diocese, the walls of many had fallen ; very
few chancels were covered, and the windows and doors
were spoiled. Fifty-two of these churches, which had
vicars endowed, were better maintained and served than
the others, yet but badly : S'i of the residue, which be-
longed to particular lords, though in a better state, were
far from well." In the year 1798 a large body of insur-
gents, who had posted themselves on the hill of Taragh,
were routed with considerable loss by a detachment of
the king's troops and yeomanry.
The county is partly in the diocese of Armagh, partly
in that of Kilniore, but chiefly in that of Meath. For
purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided into the
baronies of Upper Deece, Lower Deece, Demifore, Upper
Dulcek, Lower Duleek, Dunboyne, Upper Kells, Lower
Kells, Lune, Morgallion, L'pper Moyfenrath, Lower
Moyfenrath, Upper Navan, Lower Navan, Ratoath,
Skreen, Upper Slane, and Lower Slane. It contains
the disfranchised borough, market, assize, and post
town of Trim ; the disfranchised borough of Duleek ;
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the disfranchised borough, market, and post towns of
Kells, Navan, and Athboy ; the market and post town
of Slane ; and the post-towns of Ashbourne, Clonard,
Clonee, Crossakeel, Dunshaughlin, Enfield, Nobber, and
Oldcastle. The principal villages are Carlanstown, Dun-
boyne, Mornington, Ratoath, and Rathmolion. The
county sent 14 members to the Irish parliament; two
for the county, and two for each of the boroughs of
Athboy, Duleek, Kells, Navan, Ratoath, and Trim.
Since the Union its representation has been confined
to the two members for the county : the election is
held at Trim. The constituency, as registered in 1841,
amounted to 1236, of whom 385 were £50, 141 £20,
and 515 £10, freeholders ; 1 £50, 36 £20, and 128 £10,
leaseholders ; 2 £50, and 26 £20 rent-chargers ; and
2 £10 copyholders. Meath is included in the Home
circuit : the assizes are held at Trim, in which town the
county gaol and court-house are situated ; and there are
sessions-houses and bridewells at Na\an and Kells, and
a quarter and petty sessions' court-house at Dunshaugh-
lin. The Easter and October general quarter-sessions
are held at the two latter towns, and the Hilary and
Midsummer sessions at Trim and Navan. The local
government is vested in a lieutenant, 20 deputy-lieu-
tenants, and 104 other magistrates, aided by the usual
county officers, including two coroners. The district
lunatic asylum is in Dublin ; the county infirmary at
Navan : there are fever hospitals at Kells and Navan :
and dispensaries at Crossakeel, Oldcastle, Moynalty,
Raddingstown, Kentstown, StamuUen, Trim, Duleek,
Kells, Julianstown, Athboy, Dunboyne, Slane, Dun-
shaughlin, Enfield, Navan, Nobber, Ratoath, Summer-
hill, Syddan, Kilniainham-Wood, Drumconrath, Wil-
kinstown, and Skreen. Within the county are 46
constabulary police stations, having in the whole a force
of a county inspector, 7 sub-inspectors, S head-con-
stables, 50 constables, and 259 sub-constables, with
9 horses, the expense of whose maintenance, in 1842,
amounted to £14,002. There are two coast-guard sta-
tions, belonging to the Swords district ; one at the
mouth of the Boyne, the other on the Nanny water.
The amount of grand jury presentments for 1844 was
£27,541. In the military arrangements the county is
included in the Dublin district, and contains two barrack
stations, one for cavalry at Navan, and one for infantry
at Trim ; affording in the whole accommodation for
seven officers, 163 non-commissioned officers and men,
and 50 horses.
From the level aspect which the general surface
exhibits, the only considerable elevations being the hills
of Loughcrew in the western extremity of the county,
there is not much romantic scenery ; yet many parts,
particularly in the vicinity of the larger rivers, present
prospects of tranquil beauty. The small part of the
county which borders on the sea, between the mouth of
the Boyne and the Delvan, contributes as little to its
scenic beauties as to its commercial advantage ; the line
of coast being a shelving strand, with little depth of
water, and no opening adequate to admit large vessels.
The prevailing character of the soil is a deep rich loam,
restint;"on a substratum of limestone ; and the earth has
been found, at the depth of four feet, in many places,
equal in quality to that on the surface ; so that, when
the farmer find's his fields beginning to be unproductive,
he has only to plough somewhat deeper, and turn up a
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proportion of mould previously untouched. In the un-
dulating districts, the soil is a light earth, upon a stiff
clay bottom ; a vein of limestone-gravel of irregular
depth is frequently discovered beneath, but otherwise
an impervious substratum of ochreous clay runs to a
considerable depth. In the northern part, the soil on
the hills is generally a dry gravelly clay, from V2 to IS
inches deep, but in the intervening valleys there is a
deep rich loam. The herbage of the hills is remarkable
for fattening sheep, and that of the low lands equally
noted for feeding cattle. The district stretching along
the shore is composed of a very light soil, chiefly of
sand, with little vegetative power, and yielding little but
bent grass. The quantity of bog in Meath is small in
proportion to that of the general surface, and very un-
equally distributed. Lough Sheelin forms a small part
of the county boundary towards Cavan ; Church Island,
in that lake, belongs to Meath. The Blackwater opens
out into a fine expanse of water near Kells.
Farms are of every size, from '2 acres to 3000. The
small holders generally keep their land in tillage, and
even many of the largest farms have but little meadow
or pasture ; yet, there are many extensive grazing-farms,
and some of the proprietors consider pasturage to be
the most profitable branch of agriculture. On the banks
of the Boyne and Blackwater, the land is mostly in
demesne or pasture ; to the east of Navan, most of the
land is under tillage ; and towards the western border
of the county it is nearly, if not altogether, so. The
farmers who hold from .50 to 100 acres are a very in-
dustrious class, working harder, and faring little better,
than the common labourer. In the treatment of the
soil, the general principle, arising from the great depth
of vegetable mould, is, that the deepest ploughing is the
best tillage : the turning up of fresh earth possessing
vegetative powers hitherto dormant, is justly deemed to
act as powerfully as the application of manure on the
surface. This process, however, to be effective, must
be done by degrees, not turning up the utmost depth to
the surface at once, but penetrating deeper from year
to year, so as to allow the new earth to be gradually
and moderately blended with that already subjected to
cultivation. Instances have occurred of the luxuriance
of the soil being so great, that the labour and expense
employed upon the first few crops was useless, the plant
running wholly into straw and lodging : the same rich-
ness produces an abundance of weeds ; so that he who
keeps his land most free, and at the same time friable
and pulverised, is deemed the best farmer, and most of
the tenants proceed no further in the improvement of
their grounds. A summer fallow is considered abso-
lutely necessary, at stated periods, to eradicate weeds
effectually ; every attempt to cleanse the ground by
green crops proving utterly inefficient.
The succession of crops for rich ground is, potatoes
for two seasons, followed by three crops of oats, and,
after a season's fallow, wheat for one crop, followed by
three crops of oats and a fallow : when land has been
exhausted by bad management, the fallow is resorted to
every fourth year. The crops commonly cultivated arc,
wheat, oats, barley, here, rye, clover, flax, and potatoes!
Considerable benefit is thought to arise from a change
of seed, even between neighbouring baronies ; and the
use of a pickle, either of water saturated with salt, of
chamber-lye, or of quicklime and water mixed thinly
324
together, is universally deemed essential to the securing
of the expected wheat crop. Flax is sown to a con-
siderable extent in small patches for domestic use, but
seldom cultivated largely for sale. The crops less com-
mon are, turnips, vetches, rape, peas (both grey and
white), beans, cabbage, and a httle chicory. Turnips
are only met with on the farms of gentlemen who unite
tillage with grazing, and are sown mostly for feeding
sheep. The culture of vetches has been long partially
practised, particularly in the neighbourhood of Dro-
gheda, being chiefly used as winter-feeding for the work-
ing horses, for which purpose they are cut before the
plant is quite ripe, and made up and given as hay.
Grey peas have also been sown for many years, through-
out the county, upon poor gravelly soils and sometimes
upon clay : they are invariably allowed to run to seed,
and then pulled with a crooked stick, bound in sheaves,
and housed when dry, to be either threshed at leisure
and the straw used as litter, or given to horses without
being threshed, particularly in those parts where mea-
dow is scarce. The barony of Duleek is almost the only
district in which beans form part of the staple crop,
and even there they are raised in small quantities only.
Cabbages, chiefly the large flat Dutch, are found to
succeed well ; but the expense of transplanting, and the
difficulty of protecting them from depredations, have
excited great prejudice against their general intro-
duction.
The quantity of land applied to green crops and arti-
ficial GRASSES is comparatively small, in consequence of
the vast tracts of natural grasses of the most productive
kind ; the depth and richness of the soil, and its ten-
dency to moisture without being absolutely wet, causing
it to throw up a sward of nourishing verdure unequalled
in other parts : hence it is that grazing is so generally
followed. All the old pastures produce natural grasses
of the best kinds : graziers seldom direct their attention
to procuring artificial kinds, from an impression that
after three years the land will revert to its natural
coating, though covered with other kinds when laid
down. The dry warm gravelly soils spontaneously
yield a luxuriant herbage of white clover ; and lands
of a clayey nature, when drained, and manured with
limestone-gravel, exhibit a similar tendency. As cattle
are considered to thrive best on grounds that produce
the greatest variety of grasses, the main object of the
farmer, when about to lay down land, is to procure the
greatest variety of seeds of the best quality ; some
farmers sow white and red clover mixed in equal quan-
tities, without any hay-seed, from an opinion that the
land thus treated will throw up its natural grasses more
luxuriantly the third or fourth year, than if sown with
hay-seed. The marshes of Emla, on the Borora, are
the only wet lands of sufficient extent to claim special
notice, though there are others of smaller size scattered
through the county, which, being mostly improved by
draining, are chiefly applied to rearing young cattle.
Those of Emla are nearly in a state of nature, and are
covered with water during winter from the overflowing
of the river : in summer they bear an immense crop of
grass, which is greedily consumed by horses. The land
held by small fanners is badly fenced ; but on the lands
of the gentry and large farmers, the fences are formed
of quicksets after the English method. From ten to
twelve years after being first made, the hedge is either
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cut down or plashed and laid. Wall-fences are very
rare, though stone-faced ditches are not uncommon.
The kinds of manure in most common use are stable-
dung, ditch-scourings, limestone-gravel, marl, and lime.
Meadows are manured either immediately after being
mown, or during the frosts of winter. Coal- ashes are
used as a top-dressing on clay meadows with good
effect, as also are marl and limestone-gravel.
Much care is bestowed on the breed of black cattle
both for the butcher and the dairy ; the art of fattening
cattle is an object of attention with most farmers.
Early in May, the graziers open their pastures for the
well-selected stock to be fattened ; for feeding is their
principal object, as land bears too high a rent to admit
of its being applied to raise stock : the cattle, after being
bled, are turned out fill they become fit for the butcher,
when they are sent to the Dublin market, or sold at the
neighbouring fairs. There are several graziers who
fatten from .'JOO to 500 cows during the season, besides
bullocks and sheep. A few sheep, generally pets, are
occasionally pastured among the neat cattle ; but the
practise is condemned as injuring the " proof" of the
beast, because sheep devour the sweetest grass, and it is
the ultimate object of the grazier to obtain a character
for fattening proof beasts that will " do well," a term
applied by butchers to animals possessing a considerable
quantity of inward fat. Beasts purchased in May are
often fattened and sold before Christmas ; otherwise,
they are fed during winter with turnips, potatoes, and
hay. Where distilleries are near, the bullocks are fat-
tened on the potale and grains : the animals then attain
an uncommon degree of fatness, and are preferred by
the butchers on account of their superior weight in
proportion to their size ; but their beef, though juicy, is
not well-flavoured ; it eats dry, and the fat melts before
the fire or in the pickling tub. There are a few dairies
of considerable extent, but the butter made in them is
held in little estimation. Most of the farmers who
occupy from SO to 100 acres keep a few milch-cows, the
produce of which, after supplying the family, is sold ;
yet, from the want of nourishing green food in winter
and spring, they cannot supply the market with milk
and butter during the season they bear the highest price.
Where potale can be procured, milk is plentiful, but of
inferior quality. Few calves are reared on these farms :
those that are brought up are fed on new milk for the
first fortnight, and then on hay water, thick milk, and
other substitutes. The draught horses most prized are
of a light, active, yet stout breed, being a cross between
the saddle and waggon horse : the number kept for
agricultural purposes is in the proportion of one to ten
acres. Most of the saddle horses are brought hither
from Roscommon, Galway, and Sligo. Little attention
is paid to the breeding of sheep, and pigs are not so
general as in most other counties. Orchards and gar-
dens are seen around some of the smaller farmhouses
and cabins. Bees are kept in large numbers in several
districts, and poultry is most abundant and cheap.
Though the quantity of natural wood is very small,
ground being considered too valuable for the purposes
of grazing or tillage, to be inclosed for woodland, yet
the plantations about noblemen's and gentlemen's seats
are extensive. The old woods around Bective, Lismul-
len, and Ardbraccan, are large and valuable ; and from
the numerous ornamental plantations throughout every
325
part of the county except the west, and from the number
of timber-trees planted as hedge-rows, the country in
general has a very furnished appearance, much re-
sembling the county of Worcester or Hereford in Eng-
land. Oak timber is scarce ; but beech, elm, ash,
poplar, sycamore, and alder are so abundant that, after
supplying the local demand, much is sent to other
counties : there are several nurseries of considerable
extent, and many osieries of from two to ten acres each,
the produce of which is mostly worked at home, and
the remainder bought by the Dublin basket-makers.
The quantity of waste and unprofitable ground in the
county is extremely small. Commons are in general
attached to the corporate towns for the use of the in-
habitants. In consequence of the small quantity of
bog compared with the extent and population of the
county, fuel is extremely scarce, and the poor suffer
much from the want of it. Some large proprietors, in
order to relieve their tenants, and to prevent depreda-
tions upon their fences and plantations, are particularly
careful to have their ditches sown with French furze.
The deficiency of fuel is also supplied by the importation
of coal, chiefly from Drogheda, by the Boyne naviga-
tion. In the neighbourhood of that town, and along
the line of navigation, the labourer often stipulates for a
ton of coal in part payment ; and, when near bogs, the
turf is sometimes drawn home for him by his employer.
Geologically, the county forms part of the great
limestone field of Ireland, that mineral constituting its
general substratum, except in its northern part, where
the clay-slate formation is found ; in the western, where
basalt is found mixed with the clay-slate, in some places
rising in bare rocks, in others scattered over the surface
in detached masses ; and on the line of sea-coast, which
is formed of transition rock. At Ardbraccan the lime-
stone is of a fine white grain, capable of being worked
into any form. The beds lie horizontally, and are of
considerable thickness ; the stone is susceptible of a
high polish, assuming a grey tinge when finished, though
appearing white under the chisel : tombstones and door-
cases made of it are sent to a great distance. The
seam of rock extends to the Blackwater, but the
quarries opened in other parts do not afford blocks of
such scantling as at Ardbraccan. The works are also
much impeded by the difficulty of keeping the quarries
free from water. In Slane barony is a fine quarry of
vitrescent stone, which makes excellent flagstones, but
does not take a high polish. It has been conjectured
that coal exists in the same barony, in consequence Of
the appearances that exhibit themselves where the edges
of mineral strata are laid open by the washing away of
the surface soil ; but the position of the layers presents
an obstacle that has hitherto prevented the search from
being prosecuted with any prospect of success. A vein
of copper has been found near the banks of the Boyne,
the analysis of which gave 21 parts of copper from 120
of ore ; but from the difficulty of keeping the workings
clear of water, it has not been profitably explored. At
Knock, in Morgallion barony, is an argillaceous clay
containing a portion of iron, and adapted for the coarser
kinds of earthenware ; and there is a vein of potters'-
clay, of superior quality, at Dunshaughlm. Petrifactions
are found in the caverns and fissures of the limestone
districts, and some very brilliant spars and crystals in
the Nanny water, particularly near the Diamond rock.
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Fossils of various kinds have also been discovered in
several of the small bogs. The fossil remains of moose-
deer were discovered a few miles from Kells, imbedded
in marl beneath a bog, within an inclosure of circular
form, which is conjectured to have been used for en-
trapping the animals : the remains were very numerous.
Three heads of deer with uncommonly large horns were
also found imbedded in the earth a.t Dardistowu ; they
are supposed to have belonged to animals of the moose-
deer kind.
The MANUFACTURES of the county are small and un-
important, except for domestic consumption. The weav-
ing of sacking and sheeting employs a good many
hands, particularly on the borders of the county to-
wards Drogheda ; the yarn is mostly brought from the
northern counties. Near Navan is a mill for the manu-
facture of coarse paper ; the straw-plat and bonnet
trade is carried on, more or less, in the principal towns ;
coarse pottery, bricks, flat and pan tiles, &c., are made
in and around Knock ; and there are tanneries in all
the larger towns. Flour-mills on a very large scale are
numerous on the Boyue and Blackwater, where vast
quantities of flour are annually manufactured ; there are
distilleries and breweries in Navan and other places ;
cider is made, but of inferior quality.
The principal river is the Boijne, which, rising in the
county of Kildare, enters that of Meath at Clonard,
and flowing eastward divides it into two nearly equal
parts i passing in its course, which is by no means
rapid, through some very beautiful sylvan scenery. Its
estuary forms the harbour of Drogheda, above which
town its navigation is carried on, sometimes in the bed
of the river, and sometimes by artificial cuts, to Slane,
and thence up to Navan, which is 15 miles above Dro-
gheda. Tlie Blackwater, next in size and importance,
rises in Lough Ramor in Cavan, and, flowing by Kells,
unites with the Boyne at Navan. The Athboy, Knishts-
brook, and Kilmessin are all tributaries to the Boyne, as
is also the Mattock, which is the boundary between
Louth and Meath ; the Borora is tributary to the Black-
water. The Nanny water, rising near Navan, takes an
eastern course through the romantic glen at Diamond
rock, and thence to the sea ; the Delvan, which sepa-
rates the counties of Dublin and Meath, is a small and
otherwise insignificant stream.
The most remarkable relics of antiquity of the
earliest ages are two round towers, one at Kells, and the
other in the churchyard of Donoughmore, near Navan.
At New Grange, near Slane, is a very curious tumulus,
in which is an artificial cavern of some extent and sin-
gular construction. Near Dowth are a Druidical circle
and the remains of a cromlech. Vestiges of Danish
monuments are very numerous ; the most remarkable
is a rath near Taragh, supposed to have been the resi-
dence of the Danish king, Turgesius ; the raths of
Odder, Rameven, and Ringlestown, are in the same
neighbourhood : they have all been planted. Six of the
ancient instruments called corabasnas were found by
persons digging in a park near Slane, in 1781 : the
corabasna was of a complex form, consisting of two
circular plates of brass connected by a spiral wire,
which produced a jingling noise when the plates were
struck by the fingers ; it was used for the purpose of
keeping time. Two splendid torques of pure gold were
found near Taragh, in 1813, and passed into the pos-
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session of the late Duke of Sussex. Bracelets or collars,
being solid rings of pure gold of very ancient and rude
workmanship, were found near Trimleston Castle, in
1S33 ; the largest weighed 12 ounces avoirdupois. The
ruins of abbeys, priories, convents, and other monastic
edifices, are numerous through every part of the county ;
and still more numerous are the names of others now
only discoverable by some local name, or traceable in
historic records. The ruins of the old monastery of
Duleek, said to be the first monastic edifice built of
stone and mortar in Ireland, presents some curious and
extraordinary traces of rude architecture. At Bective
are extensive and picturesque ruins of the wealthy
abbey of that name : at Clonard were an abbey of
Canons Regular, a convent, and also a cathedral, but
nothing now remains except the font of the last ; at
Colpe, Newtown, Slane, and Trim, were also abbeys of
Canons Regular, all now in ruins. At Killeen and
Kilmainham- Wood were commandcries of Knights
Hospitallers ; at Ratoath and Skreen, priories of the
Augustinian eremites ; at Eirk, near Slane, a hermit-
age ; at Trim, a priory of Crutched friars ; and on the
Holy or Church island, in Lough Sheelin, an abbey of
Grey friars : Kilmainham-beg and Teltown belonged to
the Dominicans. The whole have long since fallen into
ruins. The monasteries of which no ruins remain are,
those of Ardbraccan, Ardceath, Ardmulchan, Ardsal-
lagh, Athboy, Ballybogan, Beaumore near Colpe, Beau-
beg, Calliagh, Cloonmanan, Disert-tola, Donaghmore,
Donaghcarney near Colpe, and Donoughpatrick ; a
priory of the Virgin Mary, and the Magdalen Hospital,
at Duleek ; abbeys at Dunshaughlin, and Indenen near
Slane ; a house of Regular Canons, an hospital of St.
John the Baptist, and a chantry, all at Kells ; a house
of Regular Canons and a nunnery at Killeen ; an abbey
at Navan, on the site of which the cavalry barrack is
now built ; priories at Odder and Rosse, south of Ta-
ragh ; an abbey of Regular Canons and a chantry at
Skreen ; a monastery of Grey Friars, on the site of
which the sessions-house at Trim stands ; a nunnery, a
Greek church, and a chantry, at Trim ; and Dominican
friaries at Kilberry, Lismullen, and Dunshaughlin ; be-
sides several others. Columbkill's house, a stone-roofed
cell, said to be one of the oldest stone-built houses in
Ireland, is still traceable at Kells ; in which town are
also several stone crosses, one in particular of beautiful
workmanship. In the cemetery at Castlekicran, in
which are the ruins of a small church, is another very
fine stone cross richly sculptured.
The county also retains many remains of its mili-
tary structures, of which the most celebrated in the
records of remote antiquity is Taragh, already noticed.
Whatever may have been its ancient splendour, as set
forth in the poetry of the native bards and in the
chronicles of annalists, little now is discoverable corre-
sponding with their highly wrought descriptions. Con-
siderable remains of circular earthworks still exist ; but
of the palaces, and places of scientific study, said to
have been situated here, there are no traces. The oldest
fortress upon record erected after the arrival of the
English was that of A'e//s, built by De Lacy, but of
which there are now no vestiges : the same nobleman
built the castles of Clonard, Killeen, and Delvin ; and
the erection of Trim Castle is attributable by some to
him, though it is more generally thought to have been
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raised about the year 1220 by one of the Pypart family.
Its extent and strength, as indicated by its ruins even
at the present day, prove that it was designed to be a
position of primary importance for the defence of the
palatinate ; and from the date of its erection to the ter-
mination of the war of King AVilliam III., its destinies
are interwoven with many of the historical events of
the times : the ruins overhang the Boyne, presenting
an aspect of much grandeur. The other ancient castles
the ruins of which are still^onsiderable, were those of
Scurlogslown, Duninue, Athlumncij , and Asigh. Liscart'm
and Athcante Castles have been fitted up as residences ;
and several other ancient castles have been preserved
by being converted into mansion-houses, among the
finest of which is Shine, the property of the Marquess
Conyngham, and celebrated as the abode of George IV.
during the greater part of his stay in Ireland in 1S21.
Contiguous to it, but on the other side of the Boyne, is
Beaupark, the modern and elegant seat of the family of
Lambert : the two demesnes are so connected in their
locality, that each enjoys the full benefit of the scenic
beauties peculiar to the other. The chief modern man-
sions of the nobility and gentry are noticed in the de-
scription of the parishes in which they are respectively
situated. The residences of the gentry of small landed
property, and of the beneficed clergy, are numerous,
and indicative of a high state of improvement.
Until of late years, the houses of the proprietors, and
of the cultivators of the soil, e.xhibited a more marked
disparity than could be seen in any other part of Ire-
land. The tenements of the working farmers who hold
from 20 to 100 acres presented an appearance of great
wretchedness, and the cabins of the labourers or cot-
tiers were still more deficient of comfort ; but this
characteristic, though not entirely removed, has been
considerably diminished by the improvement made in
the dwellings. The lower classes suffer much from the
want of fuel, which, as already remarked, is very scarce
in many parts, and the low rates of wages prevent the
possibility of providing a stock of sea-coal to meet the
exigencies of winter. Yet the peasantry in general are
endowed with a disposition so n-ell inclined to look on
the bright points of the prospect before them, that,
under the depressing difficulties through which they
have to struggle during life, they enjoy every momen-
tary festivity with delight and animation. The English
language is spoken throughout every part of the county.
The peasantry in some of the districts possess an ori-
ginality no where else found in Ireland, particularly in
the plains stretching from the boundary of Kildare near
Maynooth, by Ratoath, Duleek, and to the banks of the
Boyne, where a colony called the Fingael or Fingal
settled in the 9th century, whose descendants till re-
cently remained a distinct race, retaining many of the
peculiar habits, manners, and customs of their fore-
fathers.
At Castlekieran is a remarkably fine spring, the
origin of which tradition attributes to the miraculous
powers of St. Kieran ; it is much frequented on the
first Sunday in August, by persons seeking a remedy
for various diseases. At Summerhill is a chalybeate
spa, but not of much strength or medicinal efficacy.
The waters of the mineral springs of Kikriew and Xob-
ber are said to be serviceable in obstinate cutaneous
complaints. At Knock is another chalybeate spring,
327
Arms of the BUhopru.
formerly in much estimation from its successful use in
cases arising from debility ; but the opinion cf its effi-
cacy has been for some time declining, and it is now
but seldom visited. Meath gives the title of Earl to
the Brabazon family.
MEATH (Diocese of).
This diocese was formed by
the union of several small
sees, the principal of which
were Clonard, Duleek, Kells,
Trim, Ardbraccan, Dun-
shaughlin, Slane, and Fourc;
all of which, except Duleek
and Kells, were consolidated
at the celebrated synod held
by Cardinal Paparo in II. '12,
and the episcopal seat fixed
at Clonard. The sees of
Duleek and Kells were afterwards annexed ; and the
united diocese, which took its name from the ancient
province of Meath, was placed under the superintend-
ence of Idunan, who flourished towards the close of the
nth century. The first prelate after the English inva-
sion was Eugene, who was advanced to the see in 11*4,
and a short time before his death in 1194, assumed the
title of Bishop of Meath, which has ever since been
retained. Simon Roclifort, his immediate successor,
founded an abbey for Augustinian canons at Newtown,
near Trim, to which he removed the see, and where it
remained till the reign of Henry VIII. ; Thomas Si.
Leger, who was consecrated in 128", extended the pos-
sessions and the privileges of the diocese. Alexander de
liahcot, who was consecrated in 13S6, was appointed
lord high treasurer of Ireland by Edward III., and
filled many important stations under Richard II. ; his
successor, Edward Dantsey, was lord-deputy to Sir
John de Grey, lord-lieutenant of Ireland. John Pam,
who was made bishop in 1483, preached the sermon,
and proclaimed the title of Lambert Simnel, at his
coronation in Christ Church, Dublin, for which he re-
ceived a pardon in 1488; and on the arrival of Sir
Richard Edgecombe to settle the country after Simnel's
defeat, he attended that officer on his landing at Mala-
hide, and was employed by him to proclaim the kings
pardon to all who should return to their allegiance. In
the reign of Henry VIII., the episcopal seat was re
moved to the church of St. Mary's Abbey at Ballymore,
near Lough Seudy, in the county of "Westmeath ; but it
appears to have remained there for a short period only,
and not to have been subsequently established in any
particular locality ; nor has there been for a long time
either dean, chapter, or cathedral church. In 156S,
the see of Clonmacnois was annexed to this diocese by
act of parliament. In 1621, the celebrated James L'ssher
was consecrated bishop of Meath, which dignity he
held till 1624, when he was translated to the arch-
bishopric of Armagh. The bishop ranks next to the
two archbishops; the other bishops of dioceses in Ire-
land take precedence according to the date of their
consecration.
The diocese is one of the sixteen which constitute the
ecclesiastical province of Armagh, and comprehends
part of the counties of Kildare, Longford, and Cavan, a
large portion of King's county, and the greater part of
the counties of Meath and 'SVestmeath ; extending from
M EEL
MEI G
the sea to the river Shannon, 80 miles in length and
W in breadth ; and comprising an estimated super-
ficies of 663,600 acres, of which 750 are in Kildare,
4300 in Longford, 9400 in Cavan, 10'2,000 in King's
county, 3'24,400 in Meath, and 222,750 in Westmeath.
The lands belonging to the see comprise 29,269 statute
acres, of which 20,266 are profitable land; and the
gross revenue of the bishop, on an average of three
years, ending Dec. 1st, 1831, amounted to £5220. 10.
The bishop was anciently elected, and the affairs of the
diocese are still transacted, by a synod, consisting of an
archdeacon and all the beneficed clergy of the diocese ;
the common seal is annually deposited in the hands of
one of the members by vote of the majority. There is
also a dean of Clonmacnois, collated by the bishop.
The consistorial court is held at Navan, and consists of
a vicar-general, two surrogates, a registrar, deputy-
registrar, a proctor-of-ofiice, and three other proctors ;
the registrar is keeper of the records, which are pre-
served in the court-house of Navan, and of which the
earliest is dated 1712. The total number of parishes
in the diocese is 220, comprised in 105 benefices, of
which 47 are unions of two or more parishes, and 58
single parishes ; of these benefices, 24 are in the patron-
age of the Crown, 22 in lay patronage, and the remain-
der in that of the Bishop or Licumbents. The total
number of churches is 100, and there are six other
episcopal places of worship, and 89 glebe-houses. The
episcopal palace is near Navan, in the parish of Ard-
braccan.
In the Roman Catholic divisions, the diocese, with
one parish in that of Kilmore and a few in that of
Ardagh, is co-extensive with the Protestant diocese ;
and is one of the eight bishoprics suffragan to the archie-
piscopal see of Armagh. It comprises 64 parochial
benefices or unions, and contains 156 chapels, served
by 124 clergymen, of whom 64 are parish priests, and
60 coadjutors, or curates. The parochial benefices of
the bishop are MuUingar and Kells, in the former of
which he resides. The cathedral, at Mullingar, is a
handsome and spacious edifice, in the later English
style, and was consecrated Aug. 15th, 1836, by the
Right Rev. Dr. Cantwell, assisted by the Roman Ca-
tholic Archbishop of Tuam and the dignitaries and
clergy of the diocese.
INIECASQUIN, Londonderry. — See Macosquin.
MEELICK, in the barony of Lower Bunratty,
county of Clare. — See Killely.
MEELICK, a parish, in the union of Ballinasloe,
barony of Longford, county of Galway, and province
of CoNNADGHT, 2^ miles (S. E.) from Eyrecourt ; con-
taining 1710 inhabitants. This parish, which is also
called Milick, is situated on the river Shannon, and
comprises 4292^ statute acres. O'Madden, dynast of
the adjacent country, founded a monastery here for
conventual friars, on a beautiful site surrounded in win-
ter by the outspreading waters of the Shannon ; in
1203, William de Burgo made it a garrison for his
troops ; and at the Dissolution it was granted to Sir
John King, who assigned it to the Earl of Clanricarde.
In the village is a station of the constabidary police.
The parish is in the diocese of Cloufert : the rectory is
partly appropriate to the see, and partly to the arch-
deaconry ; the vicarage forms part of the union of
Dononaughta. The tithe-rent is £73. 7. 9., of which
328
£20. 15. 6. are payable to the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners, £24. 18. 6. to the archdeacon, and the remainder
to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Eyrecourt ; there is a con-
vent of Franciscans, with a chapel attached which is
open to the public.
MEELICK, a parish, in the union of Swinford,
barony of Gallen, county of Mayo, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, 4 mllcs (N. W.) from Swinford, on the
road to Castlebar ; containing 3915 inhabitants. This
parish is bounded by the river Moy on the north-west,
and by the Geesten on the south-west ; and comprises
8062^^ statute acres, consisting of good arable and pas-
ture land, with some bog. The land is principally in
tillage, and the system of agriculture improving. Here
is a coal-mine, not worked at present ; there are very
fine stone-quarries, the produce of which is used both
for building and for repairing the roads. The principal
seats are Oldcastle and Newcastle. The parish is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Achonry, forming part of
the union of Kilconduff; the rectory is impropriate in
the representatives of the late Roger Palmer, Esq., and
the tithe-rent charge is £185. 1., one-half payable to
the impropriators, and the other to the vicar. In
the Roman Catholic divisions, also, it is part of the
union or district of Kilconduff; the chapel was built in
1835, ou an acre of ground given by J. Bolingbroke, Esq.
The celebrated round tower of Meelick is perfect, with
the exception of the roof, and is in a state of good pre-
servation. In the Oldcastle demesne is a well, the
water of which is impregnated with sulphur and iron,
and is efficacious in scorbutic cases. Numerous gold
and silver coins, of the reigns of the Edwards and
Henrys, have been discovered from time to time.
MEELMANE, a village, in the parish of Lislee,
union of Bandon, barony of Ibane and Barryroe,
county of Cork, and province of Munster ; containing
55 houses, and 269 inhabitants.
MEIGH, an ecclesiastical district, in the union of
Newry, barony of Upper Orior, county of Armagh,
and province of Ulster, 4 miles (S. W.) from Newry,
and on the road from Dublin to Belfast. This district
was formed in 1830, by separating some townlands
from the parish of Killevey. Agriculture is improving,
and the waste land consists of bog or mountain, well
adapted for the growth of trees. A part of the moun-
tain was planted by Jos. Foxall, Esq., who was the first
to commence the improvements on Slieve Gullion which
have been carried on to a great extent by Powell
Foxall, Esq., who has formed a road halfway up the
mountain on an inclination of one in twenty feet. There
are some quarries of a fine description of granite ; also
one of a hard flagstone which is used for building ; and
from the existence of very strong chalybeate springs, it
is supposed that iron might be found. Here are two
corn-mills ; and some linen, diaper, frieze, and drugget
are manufactured. Petty-sessions are held on alternate
Mondays. The principal seats are Killevey Castle,
Heath Hall, Carrickbrede, and Hawthorn Hill. The
LIVING is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Armagh,
and in the patronage of the Rector of Killevey, who
receives the tithes of Meigh, which are included with
those of Killevey : the curate's income was £75 per
annum, but it has been raised to £100 by the present
rector. There is no glebe-house. The church is a neat
M ELL
M ENL
edifice, built of granite, in the castellated style j it has
a handsome porch, ornamented with minarets, and the
battlements are coped with hewn stone : it was erected
in 1831, at an expense of £1'200, of which £900 were a
gift from the late Board of First Fruits, and the rest
was defrayed by subscriptions of the landed proprietors.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this place forms part
of the two unions or districts of Meigh and Killevey,
and has chapels at Cloghog, Drominter, and Ballinless.
There are four schools under the Board of Education, a
private school, and a dispensary. At the foot of Slieve-
Gulhon are the extensive ruins of a nunnery, which is
said to have been founded by St. Dareria, or Monnena,
sister of St. Patrick, and abbess of Kilsleve, who died
in 51" ; her festival used to be celebrated on the 6th of
July, but is now discontinued. At the Dissolution, it
and the twelve surrounding townlands were granted to
Sir Marmaduke Whitchurch, ancestor of the Seaver,
Foxall, and Chambre families, who are now in posses-
sion of the lands of the manor of Kilsleve or Killevey.
Near it is a cave, or subterraneous passage, communi-
cating with the abbey.
MELINA. — See Millenagh.
MELLIFONT, a parish, in the union of Droghed.4,
partly in the barony of Upper Slane, county of
Meath, and partly in that of Ferrard, county of
LouTii, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (N.W.)
from Drogheda, near the road to Ardee, by way of
CoUon ; containing, with the parish of Tullyallen, about
3964 inhabitants. This place derived its chief celebrity
from the foundation of a monastery in 1 142, by Donough
M'Corvoill or Carrol, Prince of Uriel, for Cistercian
monks sent over by St. Bernard from his abbey of
Clairvaux, and of which Christian O'Conarchy, the first
abbot, was in 1150 consecrated Bishop of Lismore. In
1157 a great synod, at which the Archbishop of Ar-
magh, then apostolic legate, and many princes and
bishops, were present, was held here for the consecra-
tion of the church ; on which occasion, among nume-
rous munificent benefactors, Devorghal, wife of Tiernan
O'Rourk, Prince of Breffny, who afterwards died here
in seclusion, presented 60 oz. of gold, a chalice of the
same metal for the high altar, and furniture for nine
other altars in the church. The ample endowments of
the abbey were confirmed by charter of Henry II., and
by King John, who augmented its possessions ; and in
1347 and 1349, Edward III. greatly extended its pos-
sessions and privileges ; granting to the abbot the power
of life and death within his territories, and the liberty
of acquiring a burgage-holding in the town of Drog-
heda, for the residence of the abbots during the sittings
of parliament and other great councils. In 1471 and
147-, parliament disannulled the grants, rent-charges,
annuities, leases, and alienations, made by the late
Abbot John. In 1540, Richard Conter, the last abbot,
resigned the monastery into the king's hands, and re-
ceived a pension of £40 per annum for life.
After the Dissolution, the monastery and its revenues,
at that time valued at £315. 19., were, on account of
the difficulty of defending these possessions against the
incursions of the native Irish, granted to Sir Gerald
Moore, who converted the abbey into a baronial resi-
dence and place of defence. Though situated so near
the border of the English pale, the place maintained
itself in security against all the attacks of the Irish, till.
Vol. IL — 5^29
in the war of 1641, it was besieged by a strong body of
the insurgents, when the garrison, consisting only ot 15
horse and 2'2 foot, made a vigorous defence in which
they killed I'iO of the enemy, and, on their ammunition
being exhausted, forced their way through the besiegers
and retreated to Drogheda in safety, with the exception
of 1 1 men who were intercepted and put to the sword.
The castle was plundered by the insurgents, who, taking
advantage of the absence of Lord Moore with his troop
of 66 horsemen for the protection of Drogheda, deso-
lated the place, and put the servants to death. Melli-
font continued for some time after to be the chief
residence of the Moore family, till the Earl of Drog-
heda removed to Monastereven, now Moore Abbey, in
the county of Kildare, since which time this once mag-
nificent pile of building has become a heap of ruins.
The parish is situated in a beautiful small valley
intersected by the Matlock rivulet, which flows into the
Boyne ; the land is fertile, and in good cultivation.
Near the ruins of the abbey is a large flour-mill, worked
by water which flows under the ancient gateway and
turns four pairs of stones. Mellifont is an impropriate
curacy, in the diocese of Armagh, forming part of the
union of Tullyallen ; the rectory is impropriate in the
Marquess of Drogheda. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions Mellifont is also part of the union or district of
Tullyallen. The ruins of the ancient abbey, for which
this parish is chiefly celebrated, consist principally of
the lofty gateway leading into the area of the abbey
grounds, and a massive square tower carried up on one
side to a considerable height, and forming a strong pro-
tection against the frequent assaults to which the place
was exposed ; it is connected with the rock by a wall,
affording entrance only through a low circular archway.
Within the area are the elegant remains of St. Bernard s
chapel, the splendid doorway of which, a highly en-
riched and deeply receding pointed arch in the most
elaborate style of Norman embellishment, has been
removed. The interior of the chapel is plainly groined
with arches, springing from columns on the side walls
with ornamented capitals ; and is lighted by an east
window of two lights, enriched with delicate tracery,
and by three windows of similar design on each side.
The baptistry, an octagonal building of great beauty,
has four of the walls remaining, each resting on an arch
of graceful form and richly moulded ; the roof is want-
ing, but within are the corbels on the walls from which
the arches sprung for its support ; above the roof of
this building was a reservoir of water, from which every
part of the monastery was supplied. There are also the
foundations of a spacious quadrangular building, pro-
bably the cloisters ; and near the summit of the hill is
a large cemetery, with some remains of a church, ap-
parently of a much later date. Numerous fragments of
richly sculptured pillars are scattered over the site ;
and though these very interesting ruins afford but an
imperfect idea of the original grandeur of this celebrated
monastery, they present in their details many of the
richest specimens of architectural embellishment to be
found in any part of the country.
MENLOUGH, a village, in the parish of Oranmore,
union, barony, and county of Galway, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, about 3 miles (N. by W.) from the town of
Galway ; containing 221 houses, and 1100 inhabitants.
It is on the left bank of the river Corrib, which flows
2 U
MEV A
hence to Galway ; the inhabitants keep a great number
of cows for supplying the town with milk. The village
is very irregularly built. South of it is Menlough
Castle, the residence of Sir Valentine Blake, Bart.,
pleasantly situated near the river. There is a quarry
of black marble.
MERRION, OLD, a village, in the parish of St.
Mary's, Donnybrook, union of South Dublin, ba-
rony and county of Dublin, and province of Leinster,
3 miles (S. E. by S.) from the General Post-Office ; con-
taining 523 inhabitants. It is situated on the south
side of the bay of Dublin, the strand of which is here
crossed by the Kingstown railway. Several neat villas
are occupied during the summer months by visiters
resorting hither for the benefit of sea-bathing, for which
purpose the fine broad and firm strand at this place is
well adapted ; and in the immediate vicinity are hand-
some seats, commanding views of the bay. The prin-
cipal are Elm Park, Bloomfield, Merrion Castle, and
Merrion Hall. Here are also the extensive nursery
grounds of Messrs. Simpson, from the dwelling-house
in the centre of which is obtained a view of the Hill of
Howth and the sea ; and there is a pleasing drive
through the grounds, from the Rock road to the road to
Donnybrook. In the demesne of Merrion Castle are
the ivied ruins of the castle from which it derives its
name ; and at the village is an old burial-ground, still
generally used.
MEVAGH, or Moyvagh, a parish, in the union of
MiLFORD, barony of Kilmacrenan, county of Done-
gal, and province of Ulster, 14 miles (N. by W.) from
Letterkenny ; containing 593* inhabitants. This parish
comprises 21,0*265 statute acres, of which 3825 ^'"6
water ; the greater part of the land is poor, a small por-
tion only being considered very good. There is a great
quantity of bog and waste ; the latter consists of large
tracts of sand thrown up by the sea. Lead has been
discovered, but is not at present worked. The parish
is situated on Mulroy bay ; and within its limits is the
peninsula of Rossgul, bounded on the west by Sheep-
haven, on the north by the ocean, and on the east by
the arm of the sea called Mulroy : this peninsula rises
in the centre into great elevations, and near the shore
presents a stunted verdure. The harbour of Mulroy, by
the line of coast, is 5 miles to the west of Lough Swilly ;
it has water sufficient for the largest ships, and is well
sheltered, but part of the channel is narrow and diffi-
cult. On the 14th of every month a fair is held in Glen ;
and petty-sessions are held on alternate Saturdays. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoc,
and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-
charge is £281. 5. The glebe, about two miles from
the church, comprises 184:| statute acres valued at £30
per annum, of which 25:| acres are arable, and the re-
mainder rocky pasture and mountain, with the exception
of 2^ consisting of streets and commons : there is no
glebe-house. The church is in good repair ; it was built
about 170 years since. The Roman Catholic parish is
co-extensive with that of the Established Church ; the
chapel is a good slated building. The parochial school
is aided by an annual donation from Colonel Robertson's
fund. At the time of Pynnar's survey, a strong bawn
of lime and stone, sixty feet square, with flankers, stood
here ; and there were 23 British families, capable of
mustering 42 fighting men.
330
M I DD
MEW ISLAND.— See Copeland Islands.
MICHAEL'S, ST., or Templemichael, a parish,
partly in the barony of Cork, but chiefly in the barony
of Barrymore, union and county of Cork, and pro-
vince of Munster, 5 miles (N.) from Cork, on the old
road to Ballyhooly ; containing 597 inhabitants. This
parish comprises 1993 statute acres, of which 1303 are
in the barony of Barrymore, and the remainder in the
barony of Cork. The land is principally in tillage, and,
though stony, produces good crops ; there is neither
bog nor waste land. The substratum is entirely clay-
slate, and there are some quarries of hard compact stone
used for building and for repairing the roads. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cork, constituting
the corps of the prebend of St. Michael in the cathe-
dral of St. Finbarr, Cork, and in the patronage of the
Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £97- 3. Divine service
is performed at Carrignavar, where a church has been
built. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms
part of the district of Glanmire, or Dunbollogue ; the
chapel, to which a school is attached, is a small plain
edifice.
MICHAEL'S, ST., a parish, in the barony of Forth,
union and county of Wexford, and province of Lein-
ster ; 6 miles (S. S. E.) from Wexford, on the road to
Rosslare ; containing 95 inhabitants. This parish, which
is situated on the southern extremity of Wexford har-
bour, comprises only 387 statute acres, chiefly under an
improved system of cultivation. Some of the inhabi-
tants are employed in the herring-fishery during the sea-
son, this part of the harbour being frequented by boats
from various places engaged in that pursuit. The
only seat is Bushville. The parish is an impropriate
cure, in the diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union
of Killinick ; the rectory is impropriate in the family of
Colclough, and of the tithe rent-charge, amounting to
£20. 17., two-thirds are payable to the impropriator,
and the remainder to the curate. There are no remains
of the church, and the old burial-ground is seldom or
never used.
MICHAEL'S, ST., of FEAGH, a parish, in the barony
of Forth, union and county of Wexford, and province
of Leinster, immediately without the walls of the
town of Wexford ; containing 2213 inhabitants. This
parish, which contains only 991 statute acres, forms the
south-eastern suburb of the town, and is mostly occu-
pied by fishermen and small shopkeepers. Within its
limits is Cromwell's-Fort, the northern extremity of a
rugged tract called the White Rocks, whence Cromwell
fired on the town in 1649; it is now being quarried,
and affords an abundant supply of good building-stone.
Immediately adjoining is a residence to which it gives
name. The Wexford Barracks are also within the
limits of the parish. It is an impropriate cure, in the
diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union of St.
Patrick's, Wexford ; the rectory is impropriate in the
Colclough family, and the tithe rent-charge is £8. 12.,
of which £1. 15. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the curate. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is also in the union or district of
Wexford. The ruins of the church still remain.
MIDDLETOWN; a market-town and district parish,
in the barony of Turaney, union and county of Ar-
magh, and province of Ulster, 2 miles (S. S. W.) from
Tynan, and on the high road from Armagh to Mona-
M I D D
M I D L
ghan ; containing about 5145 inhabitants, of whom
70S are in the town. This phice owes its present pros-
perity to Dr. Sterne, a former bishop of Clogher, who
in 1745 bequeathed the then rilhs^e of Middletown,
eight townlands in this parish, and five in the adjoining
parish of Donagh in the county of Monaghan, to trustees
(incorporated by an act of the Irish parhament passed
in I'T'J), who have expended considerable sums for the
benefit of the tenantry in general, and in the erection
of a market-house, school-house, dispensary, fever hos-
pital, and infirmary at Middletown. The town consists
of two streets crossing each other at right angles, and
contained, in 1S31, 140 houses, which number has been
since increased to I67 : several of the houses are large
and well built. An extensive distillery, with machinery
on an improved principle, was established here in 1831,
by Mr. Matthew Johnston : it produced annually about
80,000 gallons of whisky, and consumed on an average
1500 barrels of malt, and 1'2,000 barrels of raw grain.
This distillery has, however, been discontinued ; and on
the premises is now a flax-mill, worked by steam.
The distillery caused the establishment of markets for
grain on Wednesday and Saturday, and there is a mar-
ket on Thursday for provisions : fairs are held on the
first Thursday in each month, for horses, cattle, and
pigs. A receiving-house for letters is in connexion with
Tynan : here is a station of the constabulary police,
and petty-sessions are held on every fourth Saturday.
The district parish, which was formed in 179'2, by
disuniting 33 townlands from the parish of Tynan, com-
prises 7339 statute acres : it contains a considerable
portion of bog, that supplies abundance of fuel ; coal is
supposed to exist, and there is a quarry of good stone,
the produce of which is applied to building purposes.
The land on one side of the town is low, flat, and
marshy, on the other hilly and tolerably good ; and
there are several lakes, and a river which separates this
parish from that of Donagh and expands into the lake
of Glasslough, in the county of Monaghan. The Ulster
canal, from Lough Erne to Lough Neagh, passes through
the parish ; and the Newry and Enniskillen railway,
now in progress, will pass immediately to the north of
the town. The principal seats are Ashfort, Chantiliy
Lodge, and Portnelligan. The living is a perpetual
curacy, in the diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage
of the Rector of Tynan, who allows a stipend of £50
to the curate, together with the glebe, comprising
54 statute acres, and valued at £56. 5. per annum.
The glebe-house, a neat mansion called Chantiliy House,
was built by aid of a gift of £450, and a loan of £50,
from the late Board of First Fruits, in 181'2. The
church, a plain but commodious building, was erected
in 1793. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
foPTOS a separate district under the name of Upper
Tynan : the chapel, a plain building, is at Ashfort,
about a quarter of a mile from the town. There are
two places of worship for Presbyterians, one in the town,
and one at Drumhillery. The school at Middletown
was founded in IS'iO, by the trustees of Bishop Sterne's
charity, who endowed it with about £70 per annum;
the school at Drumhillery was built and is chiefly sup-
ported by the Earl of Caledon. The fever hospital is a
neat edifice, built in 1S34, and containing 4 wards, with
accommodation for 16 patients; and the dispensary,
with a residence for the physician, is a handsome build-
331
v^Hs
ing in the Elizabethan style : both are entirely sup-
ported by the bishop's trustees. Midway between
Middletown and Keady are the ruins of tlie ancient
castle of Crifcairn, of which the western portion only
remains : the walls are 9 feet thick and about 66 feet
high, and there are the remains of some arches that ap-
pear to have been turned on wattle or basket work.
Several traditions respecting this castle prevail among
the peasantry. Ardgonnell Castle, the ruins of which
also exist, was built by the O'Nials, and its last occu-
pant was Sir Phelim O'Nial, the first commander of the
Irish at the breaking out of the war of 1641.
MIDLETON, a market ^-.^^^V^
and post town, a parish, and (A^^j^^ "
the head of a union, in the ^ ""
barony of Imokilly, county (1^/^
of Cork, and province of f!l\ ^
MuNSTKR, 13 miles (li.)
from Cork, and 1374 C^-
W.) from Dublin; containing «\r^
•5418 inhabitants, of whom ^^>. -^
3704 are in the town, which ^^^\r^^P^./
extends into the parish of '■^^"^xQiK
Mogeesha and contains alto- gg^^i
gether4591 inhabitants. This
place derived its origin from the foundation of a Cis-
tercian monastery, in 1182, by Barry Fitzgerald, who
placed in it monks from the abbey of Nenay or Magio,
in the county of Limerick. The abbey, from its situ-
ation near a ford, was called the " Abbey of St. Mary
de Chore ;" and the village which afterwards arose near
it was for the same reason called BuUij-na-Chore (now
Ballinacurra), or " the Town on the Ford," which was also
the name of the parish. The present town, deriving
its name from its situation on the road from Youghal
to Cork at a nearly equal distance from each place, is
pleasantly situated at the head of the vale of Imokilly,
in a healthy and fertile country, screened by lofty hills
and embellished with handsome seats ; and on an inlet
of the north-eastern angle of Cork harbour, which is
navigable for vessels of large burthen to Ballinacurra.
It consists principally of one main street, from the
centre of which another branches off to the east ; and
contained, in 1841, 696 houses, most of which are
uniformly built and of handsome appearance. It is
neither lighted nor paved ; but the inhabitants are
amply supplied with excellent water from springs; and
there are two rivers, the Avannachora, or Midleton
river, which bounds the town on the west and falls
into the inlet about a mile below it ; and the Rocks-
borough river, which skirts its southern part and flows
into the former. Both rivers abound with salmon and
trout, and over each is a stone bridge. Great improve-
ments have been made since the year 1824, and others
are in progress ; several new buildings have been
erected in the town and along its approaches, and a new
line of road has been opened, forming a handsome
western entrance. There are two news-rooms ; and
races are held in February.
In addition to the traffic which this place derives
from its situation on a great public thoroughfare, it
possesses, by means of its creek from Cork harbour,
which extends to the rear of the town, all the advantages
of a sea-port. At Bailick, about a quarter of a mile
below the town, are very commodious quavs, accessible
'2 U 2
M 1 DL
M I D L
to vessels of 300 tons' burthen, which may lie alongside
and load and unload in security ; also some extensive
store-bouses, where coal, timber, iron, slate, and other
heavy goods are warehoused : and within a mile of the
town is the convenient port of Ballinacurra. At both
these places are stores for grain, and large quantities of
wheat and oats are annually shipped for Liverpool and
Bristol. The port of Ballinacurra is a member of that
of Cork, and a deputy- water-bailiff is placed thereto col-
lect the dues claimed by the Harbour Board of that city.
An attempt to introduce the woollen manufacture was
made some years since by Marcus Lynch, Esq., a mer-
chant of Cork, who erected spacious buildings, which he
furnished with requisite machinery for conducting it on
a very extensive scale. The enterprise, however, was
not attended with success, and the buildings and site
were purchased by government for £"20,000, and con-
verted into a military station, chiefly for regiments pre-
paring for embarkation. On the breaking up of this
latter establishment, the premises became the property
of Lord Midleton, from whom they -were purchased,-
in 182.T, by Messrs. Murphy and Co., who converted
them into a distillery and malting establishment, at
present producing 400,000 gallons of whisky annually,
and affording employment to 180 persons. On the
Midleton river are the distillery and malt-works of
Messrs. Hackett, erected in 1S24, producing annually
200,000 gallons of whisky, and employing 60 persons.
On the same river are boulting-mills which have been
much enlarged, and are now, in addition to their water-
power, worked by a steam-engine, erected in 1835 ;
they manufacture about 3000 bags of flour annually.
There are also two very large breweries, and two
other extensive malting establishments. The produce
of these several works is exclusively for home comsump-
tion, and the amount of duty paid to government by their
proprietors collectively exceeds £100,000 per annum.
At Bailick are extensive lime-works ; and within two
miles of the town are the Milltown mills, lately erected
by Messrs. Swayne and Leech, at an expense of £3000,
and manufacturing annually 1'2,000 barrels of fine flour.
In the excise arrangements the town is within the dis-
trict of Mallow. The market is on Saturday, but, from
its proximity to the markets of Cork and Youghal, is
confined chiefly to the sale of butchers'-meat, poultry,
dairy produce, and potatoes. The chartered fairs are
on May 14th, July 5th, Oct. 10th, and Nov. 'I'ind ; and
two fairs recently established are held on Feb. 14th and
Sept. 10th. The market-house is a handsome building,
surmounted by a turret in which is the town clock, and
crowned with a cupola ; it was erected in 1789, and is
the property of Viscount Midleton, who is lord of the
manor : the lower part contains the shambles, weigh-
house, and accommodations for the market ; and the
upper part contains an elegant assembly-room, and
chambers originally for the use of the corporation, but
now used principally as news-rooms. A chief con-
stabulary police force is stationed in the town.
The town received a charter of incorporation from
Charles IL, in the 2'2nd of his reign, dated June 10th,
1670, which granted to Sir John Brodrick, Knt., that
his estate should be constituted the manor of Midle-
ton, with a seneschal, a court baron, and a court of re-
cord with jurisdiction within the manor to the amount
of £'200 ; and that the town, with the castle and lauds
332
of Castle-Redmond and Cor-Abbey, part of the said
manor, should be a free borough and corporation, under
the designation of the " Borough and Town of Midleton. "
By this charter the corporation consisted, till its disso-
lution in 1840, of a sovereign, two bailiffs, twelve free
burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen, assisted
by a recorder, town-clerk, and other officers. The
sovereign, who was a justice of the peace within the
borough, and the two bailiffs, were annually chosen from
the burgesses by a majority of that body, by whom also
freemen were admitted by favour only. The recorder,
who was also town-clerk and seneschal of the manor,
was appointed by the lord of the manor. The limits of
the borough comprised an area of 100 acres encircling
the town. Under the charter, the corporation con-
tinued to return two members to the Irish parliament
till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised.
The manorial court of record, formerly held by the
seneschal every three weeks, for the recovery of debts
not exceeding £200 late currency, has not been held
since 1832. The general quarter-sessions for the East
Riding of the county are held here in June and Novem-
ber : the court-house is a neat and commodious edifice
of hewn limestone, situated at the western entrance into
the town ; and adjoining it is a small but well-arranged
bridewell.
The parish comprises 4617 statute acres: the soil,
though in some parts light, is fertile, and the system of
agriculture greatly improved ; there is neither waste
land nor bog. The substratum is generally limestone,
which is quarried for agricultural and building pur-
poses. The surrounding scenery is pleasingly diver-
sified, and in many points highly picturesque : the
principal seats are, Cahirmore, the property of Lord
Midleton; Bally-Edmond ; Broomfield House; Kil-
leagh Farm ; Charleston ; Ballinacurra Lodge ; and
Lake View. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the
Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £673. 7- 6. The glebe-
house, a large residence, is pleasantly situated ; and the
glebe comprises 14| acres of good land : the house was
built in 1791, by the then incumbent, at an expense of
upwards of £2000, of which the Board of First Fruits
gave £100. The church, erected in 1825 at an expense
of £3000, a loan from the late Board of First Fruits, is
a handsome structure in the later English style, with
an embattled tower enriched with pinnacles and sur-
mounted by a light and elegant spire, the whole erected
after a design by, and under the immediate superin-
tendence of, Messrs. Pain. It was recently repaired by
aid of a grant of £202 from the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners. In the churchyard is a mausoleum of grey
marble, in the Grecian style, having in front a pediment
resting on two lofty pillars, between which is a tablet
of white marble, inscribed to Charles Brodrick, D.D.,
Archbishop of Cashel, and formerly rector of the parish,
fourth son of George, Viscount Midleton ; and to his
wife, the Hon. Lady Brodrick, second daughter of R.
Woodward, D.D., Bishop of Cloyne ; by their seven
surviving children. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
parishes of Ballyspillane, Inchynebacky, Mogeeshy, and
Ballyouteragh ; the principal chapel, near the eastern ex-
tremity of the town, is a spacious edifice, and there is also
a chapel at Ballinf oretis. A convent for nuns of the order
MILL
MILL
of the Presentation has been recently completed ; it is a
handsome building on the road to Ballinacurra, and
consists of a centre and two wings, one of which forms
the domestic chapel, and the other a school-room for
girls, who are gratuitously taught by the ladies of the
convent. This is one of the institutions for the erec-
tion of which Miss Gould, a sister in the Presentation
convent of Doneraile, bequeathed £10,000. A college was
founded here in I709, by Lady Elizabeth Villiers, after-
wards Countess of Orkney, who endowed it with lands
in the baronies of Kinnalea, Kerrycurrihy, and Carbery,
in this county, vested in trustees with power to appoint
the master. These estates were let by the trustees in
perpetuity at a reserved rent of £'200 per annum, of
which £100 are paid as a salary to the master : in this
school have been educated several eminent men, among
whom was John Philpot Curran ; it is a seminary of
very high character. There are a dispensary and a fever
hospital, the latter a handsome building.
At Bailick are some remains of Castle Redmond,
built by Redmond Fitzgerald, or Fitz-Edmund, in the
reign of Henry VIII., and in which the last Roman
Catholic bishop of Cloyne prior to the Reformation was
born. At Cahirmore are some remains of the castle
built in 1579 by R. Fitzgerald or Barry, from which
the seneschal of Imokilly was driven out by Captain
Raleigh, in 1580, and obliged to take refuge in Chore
Abbey, in the churchyard of Midleton, whence he was
also compelled to retreat by the same assailant. The
abbey, which wa.s a stately edifice of great strength, was
rebuilt by the Knights Templars in 1'298, and the last
remains of it were taken down to afford a site for the
present church. At Coppingerstown are the ruins of a
castle of the Fitzgeralds ; on the south side of the
town are some very slight remains of an hospital,
founded by Edward I. ; at Ballinacurra are the ruins
of the old parish church ; and at Ballyannan the remains
of the mansion built by the first Lord Midleton. A
large belt and the horns of a moose-deer have been
found in a bog on Lord Midleton's estate ; and on Kil-
leagh Farm, numerous silver coins of the reign of Eliza-
beth. Midleton gives the title of Viscount to the family
of Brodrick.
MILESTOWN, a village, in the parish of Kilsaran,
union and barony of Ardee, county of Louth, and
province of Leinster, ^ of a mile (S.) from Castle-
Bellingham, on the road to Dublin ; containing about
23 houses and 108 inhabitants.
MILLBROOK, a village, in the parish of Lough-
crew, union of Oldcastle, barony of Demifore,
county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 1 mile
(S. W.) from Oldcastle, on the road to Kells ; containing
about 9 houses and 50 inhabitants.
MILLENAGH, or Melina, a parish, in the union
of Enniscorthy, barony of Ballagukeen, county of
Wexford, and province of Leinster, 7 miles (E.)
from Enniscorthy, and on the coast-road from Wexford
to Dublin ; containing, with the town of Oulart (which
is separately described), 134'2 inhabitants. During the
disturbances of 1798, this place was the scene of a
severe action between a party of the North Cork militia
and the insurgents, who had encamped on Oulart Hill.
The parish comprises 41 S9 statute acres, chiefly in til-
lage. The appearance of the country, and the system of
agriculture in general, have been much improved bv the
333
spirited example of Mr. Doyne, of Wells, and Mr.
Bolton, of The Island, the principal seat in the parish.
Millenagh is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of
Ferns, annexed, under an act of the 4th of George IV.,
to that of Kilmuckridge : the rectory is impropriate in
Captain V. F. Hatton, R.N., who allows £6 Irish per
annum and a glebe of '28 acres for the performance of
the clerical duties. The tithe rent-charge is .£159.7.6.
In the Roman Catholic divisions, the greater part of the
parish is within the district of Oulart, where the chapel
is situated, and the remainder in the district of Black-
water.
MILLFORD, a village, in the parish of Kilbolane,
union of Kanturk, barony of Orrf.ry and Kilmore,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 5^ miles
(S. W.) from Charleville; containing d'^l houses, and 310
inhabitants. The river Dcel, which runs through the
village, abounds with trout and pike. There is a pa-
tent for four fairs, but they are not now held. Here is
the Roman Catholic chapel for this part of the district of
Freemount ; also a national school. In the vicinity are
several seats.
MILLFORD, a village, and the head of a union, in
the parish of TuLLY, union and barony of Kilmacrenan,
county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 3i miles
(N. N. W.) from Ramelton ; containing 406 inhabitants.
It is situated on the road from Ramelton to Mulroy
bay; consists of 79 houses ; and has a receiving-house
for letters in connexion with Ramelton. The union
workhouse, one of the latest in its formation, is con-
structed to contain 400 inmates.
MILLSTREET, a market and post town, in the
parish of Drishane, union of Kanturk, barony of
West Muskerry, county of Cork, and province of
Munster, ■29:^ miles (N. W.) from Cork, and 155 (S. \V.)
from Dublin, on the road from Cork to Killarney, and
on that from Mallow to Kenmare ; containing '2162 in-
habitants. Before 1736, this place consisted only of
an inn, a mill, and five small cabins : it has now one
long street, with several smaller ones diverging from it,
and contains '297 houses, the greater number of which,
though small, are neatly built. It is situated on the
south side of the Blackwater, amidst the lofty moun-
tains of Muskerry ; and derives its principal support
from being a great thoroughfare. A small market is
held every Thursday, during the winter season, chiefly
for pigs; and fairs are held on the 1st and I'ith of
March, June, Sept., and Dec, for the sale of cattle,
horses, and pigs. An ale and porter brewery was esta-
blished in 1835, which produces 1000 tierces annually;
and there are extensive flour-mills, which have proved
very advantageous to the farmer in encouraging the
growth of wheat. Here is a court-house, in which
petty-sessions are held on alternate Mondays ; con-
nected with it is a small bridewell. Millstreet is a con-
stabulary police station ; and there are large barracks
for 6 officers and 100 men, where a detachment of in-
fantry has been kept ever since the riots of 18'2'2. The
parish church of Drishane stands on an eminence above
the town ; it is a handsome edifice, built in 1798 at the
expense of J. Wallis, Esq., of Drishane Castle. Here is
also a Roman Catholic chapel, which, being small and
inconvenient, was lately rebuilt upon a larger scale.
The scenery around the town is exceedingly interest-
ing, and in its vicinity are several elegant residences.
MILL
MILT
MILLTOWN, a district parish, in the unions of
Armagh and Lurgan, barony of O'Neilland West,
county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, 5| miles
(N. E.) from Moy ; containing 3'280 inhabitants. This
district is formed of twelve townlands which, in 1839,
■were separated from the parish of Tartaraghan. It is
bounded on the north by Lough Neagh, on the west by
the Blackwater river, and on the east by the Bann
river, while on the south side it is nearly bounded by
the road leading from Verner's-Bridge to Portadown.
Of an area of 5215^ acres, nearly one-half is bog sur-
rounding small " islands " (as they are called here) of ara-
ble land ; there is a little pasture, and about 100 acres are
woodland : the surface is flat and uninteresting, but in
some places are good views of the lough. Agriculture
is in an improving state, and much advantage would
arise, were the contemplated drainage of Lough Neagh
carried into operation : the farmers hold from six to
twelve acres of land each. The principal occupation of
the inhabitants is the weaving of linen-yarn of a coarse
description, at their own homes. Here are distillery pre-
mises, but not at present used, nor are they likely to be so.
Through the e.vertions of the Hon. and Rev. Francis
Clements, rector of Tartaraghan, a church was erected
in 1S40, at a cost exceeding £600, raised by subscrip-
tion, on a plot of ground given by the late E. Obre,
Esq. ; it is a small plain edifice, with lancet windows,
and a porch and belfry, and is capable of accommo-
dating "280 persons. The living is a perpetual curacy,
in the diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the
Rector of Tartaraghan : the income of the incumbent
is £100, of which a partis paid by the rector, and the
remainder from Primate Boulter's Augmentation fund.
A neat glebe-house and offices have been built by sub-
scription at a cost of £400, on an acre of ground
granted for the purpose by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir
William Verner. The Wesleyans have a place of wor-
ship, and in the village of Maghery is a Roman Catholic
chapel. Besides the parish school, are two national
schools ; and two others are supported by Sir W.
Verner. An ancient road near the glebe-house is, ac-
cording to a legend, the way through which St. Patrick
drew the sand from Lough Neagh, to build the original
cathedral of Armagh.
MILLTOWN, a village, partly in the parish of Taney,
but chiefly in that part of the united parishes of St. Peter
and St. Kevin which is in the barony of Uppercross,
union of South Dublin, county of Dublin, and province
of Leinster, 2i miles (S.) from Dublin, on the road to
Dundrum and Enniskerry ; containing "36 inhabitants.
It is situated on the river Dodder ; and numerous dila-
pidated buildings testify that it was formerly an impor-
tant place. A saw-mill for marble and flags is in ope-
ration ; and the woollen mills which were established
4.5 years since, for the manufacture of low-priced cloths,
employ about 60 persons. The Dodder, after heavy
rains, being swelled by mountain torrents, overflows its
banks, and sometimes does considerable damage. The
neighbourhood is adorned with many respectable resi-
dences, from several of which splendid views of the bay
and city of Dublin are obtained, as well as of the Wick-
low mountains : among them is a mansion, partly the
repaired edifice of Milltown Castle. A late dissenting
place of worship is now used as a district church,
licensed by the bishop ; and there is a Roman Catholic
334
chapel. Milltown gives the title of Earl to the family
of Leeson.
MILLTOWN, a village, in the parish of Dingle,
union of Tralee, barony of Corkaguiney, county of
Kerry, and province of Munster, f of a mile (W.)
from Dingle, on the road to Ventry ; containing 69
houses, and 387 inhabitants.
MILLTOWN, a market and post town, in the parish
of KiLCOLEMAN, uuion of Killarney, barony of
Trughenackmy, county of Kerry, and province of
Munster, 14 miles (S.) from Tralee by way of Currens,
and 158 miles (S.W. byS.) from Dublin, on the mail-
road from Tralee to Cahirciveen ; containing 797 inha-
bitants. It is situated near the river Mang or Maine,
which flows into the harbour of Castlemaine and is
navigable for vessels of 100 tons to within a mile of the
town. In 1841 it contained 150 houses, together with
the parochial church, a Roman Catholic chapel, bride-
well, dispensary, and school ; it has a sub-post-oflice
to Tralee, Newcastle, and Cahirciveen. A patent for a
market and two fairs was obtained by John Godfrey,
Esq., ancestor of the present proprietor. Sir John God-
frey, Bart., whose seat, Kilcoleman Abbey, immediately
adjoins the town. The market, which is for corn and
potatoes, is on Saturday ; and fairs are held on April
26th and ^-th, June IStd and 24th, Aug. 23rd and
24th, and Dec. 15th and I6th, for general farming
stock : the market-house is an old building. At Rha-
pogue is a quay ; a considerable quantity of corn is
annually exported, and coal, salt, and other articles are
imported. The bridewell is a neat building, consisting
of two day-rooms, two yards, and six cells : a consta-
bulary police force is stationed in the town, and petty-
sessions are generally held once a fortnight. The
church is a neat edifice, with a square pinnacled tower.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Milltown is the head
of a district, comprising the parishes of Kilcoleman and
Kilbonane, each containing a chapel: that of Milltown is
a handsome and spacious modern building, with an orna-
mental belfry of hewn stone. There is also a meeting-
house for Wesleyan Methodists. In the school-house,
which is built in the cottage style, about 120 children of
both sexes are educated at the expense of Sir John and
Lady Godfrey ; and her ladyship, assisted by a loan from
a London society, affords employment in spinning, weav-
ing, &c., to^ several of the poorer class. The late Rev. T.
Fitzgerald, P.P. of Milltown, bequeathed £4000 to the
Roman Catholic bishop of Kerry and his successors, the
interest to be applied partly to the establishment and sup-
port of schools, and partly in clothing and feeding the
poor in the parishes of Kilcoleman and Kilbonane ; and
£1000 are applied in like manner for the benefit of the
parish of Killeiny. The ruins of the ancient abbey,
situated in Sir John Godfrey's demesne, are described
under the head of Kilcoleman.
MILLTOWN -PASS.— See Kiltoom.
MILTOWN, county Antrim. — See Ballywillin.
MILTOWN, a village, in the parish of Kilbride-
Pilate, union of Mullingar, barony of Fartullagh,
county of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, 4|-
miles (W. by S.) from Kinncgad, and on the road from
Dublin to Athlone ; containing 133 inhabitants. It is
a station of the constabulary police ; and contains the
parochial Roman Catholic chapel, the Protestant paro-
chial school, and a dispensary.
MI N A
M I N O
MILTOWN-MALBAY, a post-town, in the parish
of KiLFARBOY, union of Ennistymon, barony of
Ibrickane, county of Clare, and province of Mun-
8TER, 23 miles (W.) from Ennis, by Ennistymon, and
134^ (W. S. W.) from Dublin, by way of Limerick ; con-
taining 246 houses, and 1'295 inhabitants. It is situated
near the western coast, and contiguous to the great
recess which, from its dangerous shore, is called the
Malbay. Owing to the exertions of the late Mr. Mo-
rony, this place, since the commencement of the present
century, has risen from a mere hamlet to be a fashion-
able bathing-place ; and among the houses, which are
in general neatly built, are several of a superior descrip-
tion, occupied as bathing-lodges during the season.
Near Spanish Point (so called from part of the Spanish
Armada having been wrecked there in the reign of
Queen Elizabeth) is an hotel, forming with its out-
oflices a handsome and extensive range of building. It
was erected in 1810, by a company consisting of the
Morony family and other gentlemen, and, besides the
usual accommodations of an hotel, contains hot and
cold baths, billiard-rooms, and a spacious assembly-
room ; it commands extensive views of the Atlantic,
and adjoins the bathing strand, which is considered one
of the best on the western coast : attached is stabling
for nearly sixty horses. Though devoid of wood, the
fine sea views, the elevation of the land, and the dryness
of the soil, together with the excellent roads in the
vicinity, combine to render the place agreeable ; and it
is in consequence frequented by visiters from various
parts of the country, for whose amusement races are
occasionally held. There are fairs on Feb. 1st, March
9th, May 4th, June 20th, Aug. 11th, Oct. ISth, and
Dec. 9th, for general farming stock. Quarter-sessions
are held here in June ; petty-sessions weekly on Thurs-
day ; and a court for Colonel Wyndham's manor of
Moih Ibrickane monthly, for the recovery of small
debts : near the town is a station of the constabulary
police. Here are the parish church, and the Roman
Catholic chapel of the district, which, together with the
seats in the vicinity, are noticed under the head of Kil-
farboy. At Freagh, on the coast, is a natural curiosity
called the " Puffing Hole," which spouts water with great
force to a considerable height, and, when the sun shmes,
forms at each emission a beautiful iris. At Cassino is
a chalybeate spa.
MINARD, a parish, in the union of Tralee, barony
of CoRKAGUiNEY, couuty of Kerry', and province of
MuNSTER, 5 miles (E. S.E.) from Dingle, on the road
to Tralee ; containing 1666 inhabitants. It is situated
on the northern side of the bay of Dingle : near the
shore are the ruins of Minard Castle, which was built
by one of the Knights of Kerry. l"his castle was de-
fended in 1650 by its proprietor, Walter Hussey, against
the parliamentary forces under Colonels Le Hunt and
Sadler, who, finding that they could not make much
impression by cannonading it from a fortification, said
to have been erected for that purpose (and of which the
remains still exist), sprung a mine in the vaults beneath,
and blew it up. The parish comprises 6056 statute
acres, of which nearly one-half is arable laud, and the
remainder consists of coaise mountain pasture, mostly
reclaimable : good building-stone is found in several
places. Sea weed and sand are in general use for
manure ; and the bogs being nearly exhausted, turf for
335 •
fuel is brought from the coast of Iveragh, on the oppo-
site side of Dingle bay. The bay abounds with a variety
of fish ; but the fishery is here attended with much
trouble and danger, the adjacent coast for several miles
consisting of precipitous rocky cliffs, and there biing
but a single narrow creek, in which only one boat tan
land at a time. Many of the fishing-boats are obliged
to bear for this creek when the wind blows from the
south or west ; and it has been suggested that a quay
or pier could be constructed near Minard Castle for
about £200, that would prove of service as a place ut
refuge for these boats in hard weather, and be a great
encouragement to the extension of the fishery, in which
at present only a few boats belonging to this district
(and those of an inferior description) are engaged.
Some time since, the peasantry, under the superintend-
ence of Captain Eagar and the Rev. Dr. Foley, P.P.,
changed the course of a small river running into the
bay : this river would always keep a passage clear, and,
with the aid of a pier, would enable boats to approach
at any time of the tide. Great destruction of property
and loss of life have occurred on the bar of Inch, at the
inner part of the bay, for want of such a shelter as that
proposed. At East Minard is a station of the coast-
guard, and a handsome row of coast-guard houses has
been built here; adjoining the ruins of the castle is
Minard, the seat of Captain Eagar.
The parish is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe :
the rectory is partly impropriate in Lord Ventry, but
chiefly in the Earl of Cork ; and the vicarage forms part
of the union of Ballinacourty, or Kilflyn. Of the tithe
rent-charge, amounting to £12*. 10., one-sixth is pay-
able to Lord Ventry, one-third to the Earl of Cork, and
the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is included in the district of Dingle ;
at Lispole is the chapel, in which a school is held.
There are no remains of the church, but the burial-
ground is still used. At Parknafulla are several ancient
gravestones inscribed with Ogham characters, and sup-
posed to mark the burial-places of persons who at a
remote period were suddenly attacked and slain by a
neighbouring clan. On Glin mountain is a pile of large
stones, where, according to tradition, the chiefs of former
times dispensed justice : this spot commands an exten-
sive view of the bay and the surrounding mountains.
In several places are wells having a ferruginous ap-
pearance.
MINISH, or MoYNiSH, an island, in the parish of
MoYRUS, union of Clifden, barony of Ballynahixch,
county of Galway, and province of Connavght, 15
miles (S. E.) from Clifden, and on the western coast :
the population is returned with the parish. It forms
one side of Ard bay, and comprises about 650 statute
acres of land, besides a large tract of shaking bog and
pastureable mountain : its extensive shore abounds with
sea-weed, which was formerly converted into kelp, but
is now chiefly used for manure. The harbour of Ard
bay is only frequented by fishing-smacks, the sound
between this island and that of Cruanakarra being
merely fit for small craft. At the mouth of the har-
bour, one mile north-east from Cruanakarra, and half a
mile west from Macehead, is a shoal called Lebros,
which is dry at low spring tides.
MINOLA, or Manllla, a parish, in the union of
Castlebar, barony of Carra, county of Mayo, and
MITC
M ITC
province of Connavght, 8 miles (X. N. W.) from Holly-
mount, and on the road from Castlebar to Claremorris ;
containing 2336 inhabitants, of whom 308 are in the
village. The parish comprises 5464^: statute acres : the
land is excellent, and principally under tillage ; there is
a considerable portion of bog, and within the limits of
the parish is the small Lough Carramore. The village
contains 54 houses, and has a patent for fairs. The
parish is in the diocese of Tuani, and is a rectory and
vicarage, forming part of the union of Ballagh : the
tithe rent-charge is £105. In the Roman Catholic
divisions also it is part of the union or district of Bal-
lagh. Slight remains of the castle of Minola are
visible.
MINTIAGHS.— See Inch, Donegal.
MITCHELSTOWN, a market and post town, in the
parish of Brigown, union of Fermoy, barony of Con-
dons and Clongibbons, county of Cork, and province
of MuNSTER, '344: miles (N. by E.) from Cork, and 101
(S. W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Cork ; con-
taining 4181 inhabitants. This place formed part of
the extensive possessions of the White Knight, other-
wise called Clongibbon, from whom part of the barony
derived its name, and who was descended by a second
marriage from John Fitzgerald, ancestor of the illus-
trious houses of Kildare and Desmond. The White
Knight erected here a castle, which was reduced by the
insurgents in 1641, but was retaken by the English, and
was afterwards besieged by the Earl of Castlehaven, to
whom it surrendered in 1645. Margaret Fitzgerald,
sole heiress of the White Knight, married Sir William
Fenton ; and their only daughter conveyed this portion
of the estates, by marriage, to Sir John King, who was
created Baron Kingston by Charles II., in 1660, and was
ancestor of the present Earl of Kingston.
The TOWN is situated on the declivity of a hill washed
at its base by the small river Gradogue, which is here
crossed by a stone bridge and falls into the river Pun-
cheon within the demesne of Mitchelstown Castle. It
consists mainly of two streets, called respectively George-
street and Cork-street, of which the latter is the chief
thoroughfare. The former is terminated by the church
at the southern extremity, and at the other leads into a
spacious square, the north side of which is occupied by
the extensive buildings of Kingston College : on the east
side is a large and handsome hotel, which contains a
news-room, supported by subscription ; and immediately
opposite is the entrance to the demesne of Mitchelsfovsn
Castle. The principal streets, which are parallel with
each other, are intersected at right angles by four smaller
streets; the total number of houses, in 1841, was 531,
most of which are well built and of respectable appear-
ance. The square and principal streets are paved, but
the footpaths not flagged. The inhabitants are amply
supplied with water raised by pumps in various parts
of the town ; of these, one in King-square, of superior
construction, worked by machinery and inclosed with
an iron railing, was erected by the Earl of Kingston in
IS^S. In 1841 the inhabitants adopted the act 9th
George IV., cap. S'2, as far as regards cleansing and
watching. Great improvements have been made under
the auspices of the earl, who is proprietor of the town ;
a new road to Lismore has been completed, and a con-
tinuation of the line to Limerick opened, which gives
to an extensive, fertile, and improving district, facilities
336
of access to the market of Mitchelstown. The former
line, by diminishing to within 14 miles the distance to
the river Blackwater at Lismore, affords the advantage
of water convej'ance for coal, culm, timber, and other
articles, at a moderate charge.
A very considerable trade is carried on in corn,
butter, and pigs, which last are purchased in great
quantities chiefly by merchants from Cork, Youghal,
and Limerick. A large tanyard and currying concern
have been established in the town ; and at Gurrane, on
the river Funcheon, is an extensive bleacVi-green, with
flax and tucking mills, and machinery for carding and
spinning wool, to which a power-loom for the manu-
facture of blankets has been lately added by the pro-
prietors. In the excise arrangements the town is within
the district of Mallow. A branch of the National Bank
has been established. The market is on Thursday, and
is amply supplied with corn, butter, pigs and sheep, and
provisions of all kinds ; the corn is chiefly bought on
commission. Fairs for cattle, sheep, pigs, and various
kinds of merchandise, are held on Jan. 10th, March
25th, May 23rd, July 30th, Nov. 12th, and Dec. 2nd ; a
fair called the Brigown fair is also held, on the 6th of
December. The market and court house, situated in
Cork-street, a very well-arranged building, was erected
in 1823, at an expense of £3000, by the Earl of Kings-
ton, and occupies part of an area called the Market-
square. A chief constabulary police force is stationed
in the town ; and in the immediate vicinity are bar-
racks, a neat range of building, adapted for 3 officers
and 72 non-commissioned officers and privates. Petty-
sessions are held in the court-house every Wednesday;
and a court for the manor of Mitchelstown, formerly
held every third Monday, for the recovery of debts
not exceeding 40s., is now held occasionally in the
upper part of the market-house. Its jurisdiction ex-
tends over the parishes of Brigown, Marshalstown (with
the exception of the Killee estate), Mologga, Farihy,
Nathlash, and Kildorrery, in the county of Cork, and Kil-
behenny and Ballylander, in the county of Limerick.
The Parish Church, situated at the south end of
George-street, is an elegant structure of modern erec-
tion, in the later English style, with a lofty embattled
tower surmounted by a beautiful and finely proportioned
octagonal spire ; and is seen to great advantage from
King-square through the vista of George-street. The
Roman Catholic Chapel, situated on an eminence above
the market-house, is a handsome cruciform edifice, also
in the later English style of architecture, and flanked
in the front with two octangular towers surmounted by
cupolas ; it is embellished with a window of elegant
design, and strengthened at the angles with buttresses
terminating in pinnacles. Kingston College, an extensive
range of building, was partly erected during the lifetime
of its founder, James, Lord Kingston, who endowed it
with £25,000, to be vested in trustees, consisting of the
Archbishop of Cashel and the Bishops of Cloyne, Water-
ford, and Limerick, to be appropriated, after the comple-
t(,on of the buildings, to the maintenance of a chaplain,
12 poor gentlemen, and 18 poor gentlewomen, with pre-
ference to such as have been tenants on the Kingston
estates. The chaplain, whose duty it is to read morning
and evening prayers daily, to preach a sermon every
Sunday morning, and to administer the sacrament at
Easter, Whitsuntide, and Christmas, has a stipend of
M ITC
MOCK
£1^0, with a house and garden ; and the inmates, who
must be members of the Established Church, receive
each £40 per annum, and have a house and garden be-
tween every two. The buildings consist of 16 dwelling-
houses, with a chapel in the centre of the range, beneath
which is the vault of the Kingston family. The Fever
Hospital, to which a dispensary is added, was built, in
an airy and healthful situation to the south-east of the
town, at the expense of Lord Kingston, in IS'ZS ; it
contains four wards, and 13 beds. A portion of the re-
sidue of a fund collected in London for the relief of the
poor during the famine in Ireland, amounting to £569,
was borrowed at '2^ per cent, from the loan committee
of Cork, and is appropriated as a Loan Fund for the relief
of the poor of the town and neighbourhood.
MiTCHELSTOWN CASTLE, the Splendid seat of the Earl
of Kingston, is a noble and sumptuous structure of
hewn stone, in the castellated style, erected after a
design by Mr. Pain, of Cork, at an expense of more than
£100,000. The buildings form three sides of a qua-
drangle, the fourth being occupied by a terrace, under
which are various offices. The principal entrance, on
the eastern range, is flanked by two square towers
rising to the height of 106 feet, one of which is called
the White Knight's tower, from its being built on the
site of the tower of that name which formed part of the
old mansion ; and at the northern extremity of the same
range are two octagonal towers of lofty elevation. The
entrance hall opens into a stately hall or gallery, 80 feet
in length, with an elaborately groined roof : this gallery
is richly ornamented with fine tracery, and furnished
with elegant stoves of bronze, and figures of warriors
armed cap-^-pie ; at the further extremity is the grand
staircase. Parallel with the gallery, and forming the
south front and principal range, are the dining and
drawing rooms, both noble apartments superbly fitted
up, and opening into the library, which is between them.
The whole pile has a character of stately baronial mag-
nificence, and, from its great extent and elevation, forms
a conspicuous feature in the surrounding scenery. Near
the castle is a large fish-pond ; and from a small tower
on its margin, water is conveyed to the baths and to
the upper apartments of the castle, and across the
demesne to the gardens, by machinery of excellent con-
struction. The gardens are spacious, and tastefully laid
out ; the conservatory is 100 feet in length, and orna-
mented with a range of beautiful Ionic pilasters. The
demesne, which comprises 1,300 statute acres, is embel-
lished with luxuriant plantations ; and includes a farming
establishment on an extensive scale, with buildings and
offices of a superior description, on the erection of
■which more than £40,000 were expended. It is esti-
mated that the castle, with the conservatories, farm, and
the general improvement of the demesne, has cost its
noble proprietor little less, if not more, than £^00,000.
About half-way between this town and Cahir are the
magnificent caverns which, from their being visited
by persons generally making this place their head-
quarters, are sometimes called the MitcheUtown Caienis ;
they are situated in the parish of Templetenny, in the
county of Tipperary, under which head they are de-
scribed.
MITCHELSTOWN, a parish, in the poor-law union
of Kells, barony of Lower Slane, county of Me.\th,
aud province of Leinster, ^1^ miles (S. E.) from Nobber,
Vol. II.— 33-
and on the road from Kells to Ardee, containing '248
inhabitants. This parish comprises 9735 statute acres.
It is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, forming part
of the union of Syddan : the tithe rent-charge is
£34. 1^. 4.; the glebe comprises about 9 acres, let for
£li. 1. 8. per annum. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is part of the district of Lobbinstown.
There are remains of an old church, and of a castle
contiguous.
MOATE, or Moate-a-Grenoge, a market and post
town, partly in the parish of Kilmanaghan, but chiefly
in that of Kilcleagh, union ofAxHLONE, barony of
Clonlonan, county of Westmeath, and province of
Leinster, 7f miles (E. by S.) from Athlone, and b1
(W. by 3.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Athlone ;
containing '2095 inhabitants. This place takes its name
from a rath or moat at the back of the town, in what
was originally the territory of the M'Loughlius, and
which was called, after Grace M'^Loughlin, Grana-oge,
or " Grace's Moat." During the war of the Revolution,
a large body of the adherents of James XL, which had
been pursued from Ballymore by the forces under
General de Ginkel, drew up here, in order to give
battle to their pursuers ; but they were driven into the
town, whence, after they had vainly endeavoured to
intrench themselves, they fled to Athlone, with the loss
of about 300 men, several officers, their baggage, a
great quantity of arms, and 500 horses. At Athlone,
their defeat had caused such consternation in the gar-
rison of that place, that the gates were closed against
the fugitives from a fear of admitting their pursuers
also ; several fled for shelter to the bogs, and many
perished in the river. The town, which is neatly built
and of pleasing appearance, contains 394 houses, of
which number about two-thirds are slated, and the re-
mainder thatched. The manufacture of cottons and
linens, formerly carried on to a very great extent, is
now much diminished, affording employment only to
about 100 persons; and several large distilleries and
breweries have been altogether discontinued. A branch
of the National Bank has been opened. The market is
on Thursday ; and fairs are held on April 25th, June
22nd, Oct. 2nd, and Dec. 3rd. A chief constabulary
police force is stationed here ; a manorial court is held
on the first Monday in every alternate month, petty-
sessions on alternate Thursdays, and the general quar-
ter-sessions for the district at the usual times. The
court-house is a commodious building ; attached to it
is a small bridewell. The parish church of Kilcleagh
is situated in the town : there are also a Roman Ca-
tholic chapel ; a small convent to which a chapel is
attached ; places of worship for the Society of Friends,
Baptists, and Wesleyan Methodists ; and a dispensary.
Moate Castle is the seat of the Clibborn family.
MOATHILL.— See Mothell.
MOBLUSK, county of Antrim. — See Molvsk.
MOCKTOWN, or Grangemockstown, also called
Rathbin, a parish, in the union of New Ross, barony
of Gowran, county of Kilkenny, and province of
Leinster : the population is returned with the parish
of Garranamanna, into which this is considered to have
merged. In the incumbents titles it is denominated a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, being one
of the several parishes and denominations forming the
union of Burnchurch.
'2 X
M ODE
iM O G E
MOCOLLOP, a parish, in the union of Lismore,
barony of Coshmore, county of Waterford, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 6 miles (W.) from Lismore, on the
road to Fermoy, and on the river Blackwater ; the
population and extent are returned with Lismore.
James, the seventh earl of Desmond, died at his castle
here in 1462. The castle continued in the possession
of the Desmonds until forfeited by the treason of Gerald,
the I6th earl, in 15S3 : it was defended against Crom-
well's forces in 1650. The surface of the parish is
chiefly rugged, and the land of inferior quality : on its
verge, in the picturesque dell of Araglin, were formerly
some iron-works. The seat of MocoUop is situated in
a richly planted demesne, having an unusual e.xtent
of orchard, the cider produced from which is very cele-
brated. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Lismore ; the rectory is united to that of
Lismore, and appropriate to the dean and chapter ; the
vicarage is also united to that of Lismore, and appro-
priate to the vicars-choral. The amount of tithe rent-
charge is included in that of Lismore. The church is a
neat building. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Lismore : the chapel
is at the village of Ballyduff. Ruins of an ancient castle
exist.
MODELIGO, a parish, in the union of Dungarvan,
barony of DECiES-without-DRUM, county of Water-
ford, and province of Munster, 6| miles (E. by N.)
from Lismore ; containing '2466 inhabitants. It is
situated on the river Phinisk, and comprises 75 IS sta-
tute acres, of which 1<Z7S are mountain. Within its
limits are the ruins of many ancient buildings, the prin-
cipal of which formerly belonged to the M'^Graths, who
were extensive proprietors in this part of the country :
the castle of Sledy was built by Philip RKGrath in
16*28 ; and there are considerable remains of another,
called Mountain Castle, where a fair is held on the 1st
of May. At Kilkenny is a fine vein of lead-ore near
the surface, from which the ore is taken up in a pow-
dered state with the shovel, and used by the potters for
glazing : the contiguity of a deep ravine affords great
facilities for working it. The principal seat is Rock-
field, a handsome mansion. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore : the rectory forms
the corps of the prebend of Modeligo in the cathedral
of Lismore; and the vicarage is united to that of Kil-
gobinet, together forming the union of Modeligo, in the
patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £20'2. 10., two-thirds payable to the preben-
dary, and the remainder to the vicar : there is neither
church, glebe-house, nor glebe. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district comprising
also the parish of Affane, each containing a chapel. The
ruins of the church still remain. There is a vitriolic
spring in the parish, the water of which is clear and of
a sharp and acid taste.
MODESHILL, a parish, in the union of Callan,
barony of Slievardagh, county of Tii'perary, and
province of Munster, 3 miles (s. s. W.) from Callan ;
containing 1033 inhabitants. It is situated on the con-
fines of the county of Kilkenny, and comprises 3101
statute acres. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Cashel, forming part of the union and corps
of the archdeaconry of Cashel : the tithe rent-charge is
£195.
338
MODREENY, a parish, in the union of Nenagh,
barony of Lower Ormond, county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from Burris-
o'-Kane, and on one of the public roads from Nenagh
to Parsonstown ; containing, with the town and district
parish of Cloghjordan, 5'286 inhabitants. It comprises
12,165 statute acres, consisting chiefly of arable and
pasture land ; the remainder is waste and bog, except
the woods of Knocknacrea and Ballycapple, the former
of which is a noted fox-cover, and which occupy 120
acres : the state of agriculture is gradually improving.
At Coolnagrower is a quarry of good stone, and the bogs
furnish an abundant supply of turf. The parish is em-
bellished with numerous seats, some of which are sur-
rounded by beautiful and well-planted demesnes : the
principal are, Merton Hall, a spacious mansion ; Mo-
dreeny, the seat of Sir Thomas Bernard Dancer, Bart. ;
Modreeny House ; Park House ; Wood House ; Bally-
navin Castle ; Fort William ; Northland ; Hilton ; Be-
hamore Castle j View Mount ; Cloghkeating ; Willow
Lodge ; Elysium ; and Ballycapple Cottage. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kil-
laloe, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £400. 6. 8. The glebe-house, which
stands on a glebe of 10 acres, was built in 1813, when
the late Board of First Fruits gave £250 and lent £550
towards its erection. The church was rebuilt in 1828,
by a loan of £1000 from the same Board. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Cloghjordan ; the chapel of Modreeny, which
stands on an eminence in the townland of Coolnamanna,
is a handsome modern edifice. At Ballycapple, Clogh-
keating, and Behamore, are the ruins of the castles
respectively so called ; and within the limits of the
demesne of Modreeny House are some remains of an-
other fortress, which appears to have been destroyed by
gunpowder.
MOGEALY, barony of Imokilly, county of Cork.
— See Imogeely.
MOGEALY, MoGEELA, or Moygeelagh, a parish,
in the union of Fermoy, barony of Kinnataloon,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 2:J miles
(W.) from Tallow, on the road to Fermoy ; containing
3255 inhabitants. It is situated on the south side of
the river Bride, on the confines of the county of Water-
ford ; and, including Templebelagh, comprises 9709
statute acres. The land is in general good, particularly
in the vale of the Bride, where it rests on a substratum
of limestone ; but the higher grounds towards the south
are entirely composed of clay-slate. In many places
the soil is light, well cultivated, and productive; and
some of the land towards the east is occupied as nurse-
ries for raising fruit and forest trees. The surface is
very uneven, in some parts mountainous; about 2000
acres consist of rough stony land chiefly in pasture and
mostly reclaimable. Near Curriglass is found a white
tenacious clay, which, when mixed with water, resembles
lime in colour, and is in consequence occasionally used
for whitening walls. The scenery in the vale of the
Bride is interesting ; and within the limits of the parish
are several handsome seats, the principal of which are
Lisnabrin House, Mount Prospect, Curriglass House,
Lisnabrin Lodge, Frankfort, Rockfield, Woodview, and
Curriglass Cottage : there are also several good houses
occupied by wealthy farmers.
M O G O
M () II I
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Cloyne, united to the particle of Templebclagh, and in
the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£543. 15. The glebes comprise 5 acres, of which 3«. Ir.
36/). are at Templevalley, and the remainder near the
old church. The present church, in the village of Curri-
glass, is a small Ijut neat edifice in the early English
style, erected in 177S, by subscription ; and for its re-
pair the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted
£Vil. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Knockmourne : a large
chapel has been built at Glengowra, and the old chapel,
at Lisnabriu, is now shut up. On the south bank
of the river Bride, at the old village of Moygeelagh,
and commanding the pass of the valley and river,
are the extensive and picturesque ruins of a castle,
once the splendid residence of Thomas, Earl of Des-
mond : it was reduced by Queen Elizabeth's forces
during the rebellion in the latter part of her reign.
Near it are the ruins of the church of Moidgheallidh,
or " Church of the vow ;" and at Templevalley are
those of a church erected by the Knights Templars,
in laO'i.
MOGEESHA, or Imogeeshy, a parish, in the union
of MiDLETON, partly in the barony of Imokilly, but
chiefly in the barony of Barrymore, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, II5 miles (S. by E.) from
Rathcormae ; on the road from Cork to Youghal, and
on the navigable portion of Rlidleton river ; containing,
with part of the town of Midleton, '2*04 inhabitants.
The parish is situated on the north-eastern part of Cork
harbour, and comprises 3489 statute acres, of which
about 100 are woodland, 2500 arable, 700 pasture, and
the remainder marshy and waste land : the substratum
is limestone, which is here solely used for agricultural
purposes ; the system of husbandry is improving. At
Ballyannan, in this parish, was the country residence of
Lord Chancellor Midleton, several times one of the
lords justices ; but the mansion is in ruins. The prin-
cipal seats now are Ballintobber, Rossraore, Ballyannan,
and Ballyhoody. The living is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the
Bishop; the tithe rent-charge is £606. 17. 10. There
is neither church, glebe-house, nor glebe : divine service
is performed in a private house, which is licensed by the
bishop, until the re-erection of the church. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Carrigtohill.
MOGORBANE, a parish, in the union of Cashel,
barony of Middlethird, county of Tipperary, and
province of Mvnster, 5 miles (E.) from Cashel, and
on the road from Clonmel to Thurles and Nenagh ; con-
taining 1468 inhabitants. It comprises 4149 statute
acres, and contains an abundance of limestone. The
principal seats are Mobarnan Manor, a handsome and
well-planted demesne ; Beechmount j and Silverfort.
It is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Cashel, and in
the gift of the Bishop, to whose mensal the rectory
is appropriate : the tithe rent-charge, amounting to
£17-. 10., is entirely payable to the bishop, who allows
a stipend to the curate. The glebe-house was built in
181-2, by aid of a gift of £450 and a loan of £50 from
the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe consists of 10
acres. The church is a neat Gothic structure, built in
1814, by a grant of £500 and a loan of £600 from the
339
same Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Killenaule, and has
a chapel at Moyglass. The parochial school was built
on an acre of ground given by S. Jacob, Esq., who also
contributed £40 towards its erection. Some remains of
Mobarnan and Ballyvaiden Castles still exist ; and there
are several ancient forts.
MOHER CLIFFS.— See Kilmacrehy.
MOHILL, a market and post town, a parish, and
the head of a union, partly in the barony and county
of Longford, province of Leinster, and partly in the
barony of Leitrim, but chiefly in the barony (jf Mo-
HiLL, county of Leitrim, and province of Connaught,
Si miles (S. E.) from Carrick-on-Shaunou, and 7-1^
(W. N. W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Sligo ;
containing 17,918 inhabitants, of whom 1626 are in the
town. This place was the site of an abbey founded for
Canons Regular in 6O8, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary,
by St. Manchan, the patron of the Seven Churches, who
died in 652. The estabhshment, which was amply en-
dowed with glebes, tithes, vassals' fees, and other lands,
existed till the Dissolution ; and in 1621, the rectory, as
part of its possessions, was granted to Henry Crofton,
Esq., under the commission for the plantation of
Leitrim. The town, which is neatly built, contains
295 houses ; and derives its chief trade from its situa-
tion on a public thoroughfare. In the excise arrange-
ments it is within the district of Athlone. The market
is on Thursday, and is well supplied with grain and
provisions of every kind; the fairs are on Feb. 14th,
Aprd 28th, July 21st, Oct. 9th (two days), and Dec. 4th.
A chief constabulary police force is stationed here, as
are also a troop of horse and two companies of foot ;
and petty-sessions are held on alternate Tuesdays : a
sessions-house is in course of erection.
The parish comprises 30,542 statute acres, of which
3715i are in the county of Longford : 19,450 are good
arable and pasture land, 60 woodland, and upwards of
10,000 bog and waste ; the soil is generally fertile, but
the system of agriculture has hitherto been much neg-
lected, though at present exertions are being made for
its improvement. Limestone abounds, and is quarried
for agricultural purposes ; and there are some quarries
of very good freestone, which is raised for building ;
iron-ore is found, but no mines have been yet opened.
The principal seats are Clooncar, Drumard, Drumrahan,
Drumregan, Bonnybeg, and Aughamore. The scenery
is greatly varied, and in some parts enlivened by the
river Shannon, which skirts a portion of the parish on
the south-west. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Ardagh, and in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the rectory is impropriate in Sir M. Crofton, Bart., who
is also the proprietor of the town. The tithe rent-charge
is £488. 12. 7., of which £163. 12. 7- are payable to the
impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe-
house was built in 1823, at an expense of £1569. 4., of
which £969. 4. were a loan and £92. 6. a gift from the
late Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 500 acres,
valued at £380 per annum. The church, towards the
erection of which the Board of First Fruits granted a
loan of £378, in 1815, is built partly on the site of the
old abbey, and was lately repaired by a grant of £768
from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners : in 1845 it was
considerably enlarged, at a cost of £210, given by the
proprietor of the town. In the Roman Catholic divisions
M 01 R
jSI O L A
the parish constitutes a benefice in two portions; there
are chapels respectively at Mohill, Cavan, Clonturk, and
Clonmorris ; and a place of worship for Wesleyan
Methodists. Nearly "00 children are taught in eight
public schools, five of which are aided by an annual
donation of £10 each from Lord Leitrim. There are
also a dispensary, a fever hospital, and a loan fund with
a capital of £800. The workhouse of the union, on a
site of 65 acres held at a rent of £15. 10., was completed
in 1841, at a cost of £6*00, and is constructed to ad-
mit 700 inmates. The only remains of the ancient
abbey are a small circular tower ; at Clonmorris are
the ruins of a monastery said to have been founded by
St. Morris, and at Tullyoran a Druidical altar. There
is a strong sulphureous spring, more aperient than that
of Swanlinbar ; and at Athimanus, about half a mile
distant, is another of similar quality.
MOIRA, MoYRAGH, or St. Inns of Moira, anciently
called Mo I RATH, a post-town and parish, in the union of
LuRGAN, barony of Lower Iveagh, county of Down,
and province of Ulster, 13 miles (S. W.) from Belfast, on
the road to Armagh, and 7 li (N.) from Dublin ; contain-
ing 4148 inhabitants, of whom 823 are in the town. In
637 a sanguinary battle between the exiled Congal Cloan,
and Donald, King of Ireland, is said to have been fought
here, which terminated in the defeat of Congal. The
parish, which is on the river Lagan, the Ulster railway,
and the Belfast and Lough Neagh canal, comprises
6096:1: statute acres, all rich arable land, under an ex-
cellent system of cultivation. It is at the western
termination of a ridge of white limestone ; many kilns
are always at work, and vast quantities of the stone in
its natural state are annually sent away by the canal,
and by land carriage, to distant parts. Here are also
quarries of excellent basalt, in great request for build-
ing ; freestone is found of superior quality ; and there
are thin seams of coal in several parts, which are not
worked. An excellent line of road has been opened
hence to Lisburn, and other improvements are in pro-
gress. Moira was at one time celebrated for the manu-
facture of linen, large quantities being made, sold, and
bleached, in the town and neighbourhood : its improve-
ment was greatly attributable to the fostering care of
Sir John Rawdon, and to the first Earl of Moira, who
gave premiums, and otherwise encouraged the manufac-
ture. But it has long been on the decline, and little is
now done in the market, the brown webs being chiefly
sent to the market of Lisburn : yet there are some ex-
tensive manufacturers in and near the parish who give
out the yarn as piecework.
The TOWN, though small, is well built, and remark-
ably clean ; it is the property of Sir R. Bateson, Bart.,
and consists of one long spacious street, containing a
court-house, a large handsome building erected by the
proprietor, in which a manor-court is held, every three
weeks, for the recovery of debts under £.5, by civil-bill
and attachment. Petty-sessions are held here on alter-
nate Mondays j and the place is a constabulary police
station. Fairs take place on the first Thursday in Feb-
ruary, May, Aug., and Nov., for black-cattle, pigs, agri-
cultural produce, pedlery, &c. The principal seat is
Waringfield. The Moira demesne is very extensive and
well wooded, possessing many large and rare trees
planted by the first Earl of Moira, with a noble avenue
leading to the site of the castle, long since demolished :
340
the demesne is now the property of Sir R. Bateson,
whose residence is at Belvoir Park, in the adjoining
county of Antrim.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Dromore,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-
charge is £263. 16. 8. The glebe comprises 17 acres,
valued at £.51 per annum ; the glebe-house, a handsome
building, was erected in 1799, at an expense of £710,
British currency. This was formerly part of the parish
of Magheralin, and was made a distinct parish about
17'-25, shortly after which the church was erected, at the
joint expense of Sir John Rawdon and the Earl of Hills-
borough : it is a large Gothic edifice with a square
tower surmounted by a spire, in excellent repair, and,
from its situation on an eminence above the town, forms
a beautiful object in this rich and well planted district.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head
of a district comprising Moira, Magheralin, and Aghalee ;
in the two former are chapels. Here is a meeting-house
for Presbyterians in connexion with the Remonstrant
Synod ; also one for those of the General Assembly,
and places of worship for Wesleyan and Primitive
Methodists. There are parochial schools at Moira and
Lurganville, supported by Sir R. Bateson and the rector;
likewise a school for females at Moira, established in
1820 by Lady Bateson, who built the school-house, a
large and handsome edifice with a residence for the
mistress attached, and by whom, also, the children are
principally clothed. The interest of £200, equally be-
queathed by Jasper and Samuel Waring, Esqrs., is dis-
tributed by the churchwardens to poor housekeepers.
The first Earl of Moira bequeathed a sum of money,
which, with some other legacies, amounts to nearly
£400, the interest of which is annually dispensed.
Moira gives the inferior title of Earl to the Marquess of
Hastings ; the castle was formerly the family residence,
and was the birth-place of the first Marquess, whose
father was buried here. He is said to have had the
largest funeral procession ever seen in Ireland ; it was
attended by upwards of 800 carriages of various kinds,
with a train of 4000 people, among whom 2000 hat-
bands and scarfs were distributed.
MOLAHIFFE, a parish and village, in the union of
Killarney, barony of Magonihy, county of Kerry,
and province of Munster, 4| miles (N. E.) from Mill-
town, and on the road from Killarney to Tralee ; con-
taining 3635 inhabitants, of whom 48 are in the village.
The parish extends to the summit of Slieve Meesh on
the north, and comprises 9808 statute acres : it is partly
bounded and partly intersected by the river Maine,
which runs into Castlemaine bay and is capable of being
made navigable for barges up to Marshall's bridge.
Nearly one-half of the land consists of mountain pasture
and bog, chiefly reclaimable ; the portion in tillage is
manured with lime, there being quarries of excellent
limestone on the southern bank of the river, which are
extensively worked for the supply of this and the neigh-
bouring parishes : copper is supposed to exist at Bush-
mount. In the village of Molahiffe, comprising about
a dozen houses, a fair is held on the 26th of May. At
Fieries are a small flour-mill and a tuck-mill ; and a
court for the Earl of Kenmare's manor of Molahiffe is
held there every six weeks by the seneschal, for the re-
covery of debts not exceeding iOs. late currency. At
Clonmellane is a station of the constabulary police. The
M O L U
seats are Molahiffe Castle, Clonmellane, Ballybrack,
Bouchcens, and Roxborough.
The LIVING is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardfert
and Aghadoe, episcnpally united to the vicarages of
Kilcrcdane and Kilbonane, together constituting the
union of Molahiffe, in the patronage of W. Talbot
Crosbie, Esq. : the rectory is impropriate. The tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £'.J40, one-half payable to
the impropriator, and the other to the vicar ; and the
entire vicarial tithe of the benefice amounts to £'286. 3.
The church is a neat edifice with a square pinnacled
tower, towards the erection of which the Board of First
Fruits gave £900, in 1819. In the Roman Catholic
divisions this parish is included in the district of Fieries,
which also comprises the parishes of Aglish and Kilcre-
dane and contains the chapels of Fieries and Ballyhar :
that of Fieries is a large building ; the other is in the
parish of Kilcredane. Some remains exist of an ancient
building called Old Court, of which no particulars are
recorded ; and there are vestiges of an ancient stone
fort, the walls of which are said to have been of great
strength, and the materials to have been used in the
construction of Molahiffe Castle and the old church.
The ruins of the old church still remain : those of the
castles of Molahiffe, Clonmellane, and Castle Fieries, are
situated near the banks of the Maine ; they formerly
belonged to the Mac Carthys, and are now the property
of the Earl of Kenmare, whose ancestors resided at
Molahiffe Castle. Near Old Court, and also near Castle
Fieries, is a subterraneous cavern.
MOLOGGA. — See Temi'lemologga.
MOLUSK, or Moblusk, a parish, in the barony of
Lower Belfast, union and county of Antrim, and
province of Ulster, 6 miles (N. W. byN.) from Belfast,
on the road to Antrim ; containing 596 inhabitants.
This place is said to have formerly belonged to the pre-
ceptory of the Knights Templars in the adjoining parish
of Templepatrick, who had an establishment here also,
of which there are no vestiges. Moblusk comprises
928^ statute acres, two-thirds of which are good land,
the remainder being inferior ; agriculture has of late
much improved, a judicious mode of drainage having
been adopted, and considerable portions of bog reclaimed
and brought under cultivation : good crops of corn and
potatoes are produced. Near the village is an extensive
establishment, called Hyde Park Print-field, belonging
to Messrs. Batt, where large quantities of muslin were
till recently finished for the English and foreign markets,
and in which more than '200 persons were employed.
In another establishment, Cotton-Mount bleach-green,
both linen and muslin are finished for the London and
foreign markets. The parish is in the diocese of Con-
nor, and is a rectory, forming part of the union of Car-
rickfergus and of the corps of the deanery of Connor :
the tithe rent-charge is £19. 3. 10. There does not
appear to have been a church since the Reformation,
but the burial-ground shews where the edifice stood.
Nearly adjoining the village is a W'esleyan meeting-
house. Remains of large encampments and fortifi-
cations are observable in the parish and on its borders :
there are several large stones standing erect ; and
under some of a similar description which were removed
for improvements in the land, were found urns, or the
fragments of baked clay, containing ashes or black
unctuous earth.
341
M O N A
MONAGHAN (County of), an inland county of the
province of Ulster, bounded on the east by Louth ami
Armagh, on the north by Tyrone, on the west by Fer-
managh and Cavan, and on the south by Meath. It
extends from 53° 53' to 54° 25' (N. Lat.), and from 6''
33' to 7° 18' (W. Lon.) ; and comprises an area, accord-
ing to the Ordnance survey, of 319,757 statute acres,
of which '2H5,885 are arable land, '21,585 uncultivated.
5816 in plantations, 304 in towns and villages, and
616" under water. The population, in 1 6'21, amounted
to 174,697; in 1831, to 195,536; and in 1841, to
200,442.
According to Whitaker, this county was inhabited in
the time of Ptolemy by the Scoti, who then possessed all
the inland parts of Ireland : it afterwards formed part
of the district of Uriel, Oriel, or Orgial, which also com-
prehended Louth and part of Armagh ; but it was more
generally known by the name of Mac Mahon's Country,
from the powerful sept of that name. Its present name
is derived from its chief town, Monaghan or Muinechan,
"the Town of the Monks," although no trace of an
ecclesiastical establishment can now be discovered
there. Immediately after the English invasion, when
De Courcy entered Ulster, he was joined by a chieftain
named Mac Mahon, who ingratiated himself so much
with him that he was entrusted with the command of
two forts, which, on the first change of fortune, Mac
Mahon utterly destroyed ; and when questioned on his
breach of faith, answered, " that he had not engaged to
keep stone walls ; and that he scorned to confine him-
self within such cold and dreary inclosures, while his
native woods were open for his reception and security. '
Hugh de Lacy, some time after, invaded Monaghan, and
burned the town and abbey, but subsequently erected a
castle there, and restored the monastic institution. In
the reign of Henry IV., Lord Thomas of Lancaster, the
king's son, having gone to Ireland as lord-lieutenant,
received the homage of several of the native chieftains,
among whom was Mac Mahon, who then submitted so
far to the rules of English law as to accept an estate for
life in that part of the county called the Ferney, for
which he paid ten pounds a year chief-rent. This state
of acquiescence, however, was not permanent. In the
very next reign. Lord Furnival, who was then lord-
deputy, found it necessary to undertake a military ex-
pedition against the Mac Mahons and other insurrec-
tionary septs in Ulster ; he succeeded so far as to make
them sue for the king's peace, but was unable to reduce
them to the obedience of subjects.
The county remained in the same state until the time
of Elizabeth, in the 11th of whose reign, the parts of
Ulster that had not previously acknowledged the queen's
authority, were reduced into seven shires, of which
Monaghan was one. Afterwards, later in the reign, the
Lord-Deputy Fitz-William, during a progress through
this part of Ulster, caused Mac Mahon to be attainted
and executed for high treason, and the county to be
divided according to the baronial arrangement which it
still retains, the lands to be allotted among the Irish
occupiers and English settlers, and to be held according
to the tenures of the law of England. Under this ad-
justment, the particulars of which are still extant in the
original document, the five baronies contained one hun-
dred " ballibetaghs," a term applied by the Irish to a
tract of land sufficient to maintain hospitality, each bal-
MO N A
M O N A
libetagh containing 16 tathes of 120 English arres each ;
thus making the area of the county 86,000 acres, ex-
clusively of church lands. All the grants then made
contained a clause of forfeiture, in case of the re-
assumption of the name of Mac Mahon, of failure in
payment of rent, or of attainder on rebellion. The sub-
sequent insurrection of the Earl of Tyrone, however,
prevented the plan from taking effect. The chief of the
Mac Mahons still continued to arrogate the title of
supreme lord, and the whole county was occupied by
three or four families only ; namely, those of the chief-
tain, and of Mac Kenna, Mac Cabe, and O'Conally. So
little, indeed, had the progress of civilisation been for-
warded by the measures of the English government, that
in the succeeding reign of James I., when the lord-
deputy made a progress hither to inspect and settle the
province, he was forced on entering the county to en-
camp in the open field. On investigating the titles by
which the lands were held, it was found that the patents
were all void in consequence of the non-observance or
breach of some of the conditions ; new grants were
therefore made, and the country, Ijeing reduced to a
state of perfect submission, partly by intimidation and
partly by concession, continued tranquil till the war
broke out in 1641, when it followed the example of the
rest of the north of Ireland in joining with the Irish
against the lately established government, and the
Mac Mahons again endeavoured to recover their supre-
macy.
The shire is wholly within the diocese of Clogher and
province of Armagh. For purposes of civil juris-
diction it is divided into the baronies of Cremorne,
Dartree, Farney, IMonaghan, and Trough. It contains
the disfranchised borough, market, and assize town of
Monaghan ; the market and post towns of Carrick-
macross. Castle- Blayney, Ballybay, Clones, and New-
bliss ; ,and the post-towns of Emyvale and Glaslough :
the principal villages are Smithsborough (which has a
sub-post), Ballytrain, Ballinode, Glennon, and Rock-
Corry. Prior to the Union it sent four members to the
Irish parliament, two for the county at large and two
for the borough of Monaghan : since that period the
two returned for the county, to the Imperial parliament,
have been its sole representatives ; the election takes
place at Monaghan. The county is included in the
North-Eastern circuit : the county court-house and gaol
are in the town of Monaghan, where the assizes are
held ; general quarter-sessions are held four times in
the year at Monaghan and Castle-Blayney, which latter
town has a sessions-house and bridewell, and twice a
year at Clones and Carrickmacross, which have each a
newly built sessions-house. The local government is
vested in a lieutenant, 18 deputy-lieutenants, and 43
other magistrates, besides the usual county officers,
including a coroner. There are '23 constabulary police
stations. The district lunatic asylum is at Armagh,
the county hospital at Monaghan ; and there are dis-
pensaries at Ballytrain, Farney, Scotstown, Castle-
Shane, Smithsborough, Ballybav, Kilmore, Clones,
Newbliss, Drum. Rock-Corry, Monaghan, Carrickma-
cross, and Glaslough : half of the expense of the dis-
pensaries is raised from the baronies in which they are
situated, while in every other county it is assessed on
the county at large. The amount of grand jury pre-
sentments for 1844 was £20,037. In mihtary arrange-
ments the county is in the Belfast district, and contains
a barrack at Monaghan for cavalry ; the barrack has
accommodations for 3 officers, 54 privates, and 44
horses, and hospital accommodation for 4 patients, but
is generally occupied by a detachment of infantry from
Londonderry or Newry.
The SURFACE of Monaghan is described by old writers
as being very mountainous, and covered with wood ; it
is, however, rather hilly than mountainous, and is now
entirely stripped of its ancient forests. The Slievebeagh
or Slabbay mountains form an uninterrupted ridge of
high land along the north-western boundary, separating
the county from Tyrone, and exhibiting an uninterest-
ing waste, with none of the romantic features that often
atone for the want of fertility. The next mountain in
point of extent is Cairnmore, whose summit commands
a very expanded prospect, comprising the whole of this
county, and parts of those of Armagh, Fermanagh,
Cavan, Leitrim, Down, Tyrone, Louth, and Meath ;
Lough Erne, studded with beautiful islands, is also in
full view, as are the numerous lakes scattered through-
out the county. Crieve hill, towards the south, though
not of such extent as Cairnmore, is more elevated, also
commanding views both extensive and varied ; it is
about six miles in circumference, and waters flow from
it in opposite directions, on one side, in a stream to-
wards Dundalk and on the other towards Ballyshannon.
The LAKES are numerous and highly interesting. On
Cairnmore is one of considerable size, and very deep ; it
has no apparent outlet for its waters, is always agitated,
and is surrounded by a very wide strand. Another,
called Lough Eagish, covers about 50 acres, and is also
very deep : its waters are extremely useful for the sup-
ply of the neighbouring bleach-greens, fourteen of
which are worked by the stream flowing from it, the
tail-race of one mill forming the head of the next in
succession ; the lake is under the care of an engineer,
whose duty it is to regulate the flow of the water, so as
to allow every claimant his fair proportion. But the
largest and most interesting of all the lakes is that of
Castle-Blayney, also called Lough Muckno : it is about
3 miles in length, covers upwards of 600 acres, and is
embellished with numerous beautifully wooded islands ;
the shores are exceedingly romantic, and the demesne
and woods of Lord Blayney's mansion entirely surround
its fertile banks. Glaslough, which gives name to a
flourishing and beautiful town, and is situated near the
northern boundary of the county, is somewhat less than
that of Castle-Blayney ; but the fertility and gentle un-
dulations around its banks, the extensive demesne, the
fine old timber, and the numerous plantations, combine
to form a delightful landscape. Near Mount Louise is a
beautiful lake ; the land rises suddenly and boldly from
its shores, presenting an unusual inland scene, but the
absence of wood considerably diminishes the effect.
The town of Ballybay is situated between two lakes of
considerable beauty. At Datvson-Groi-e is a peculiarly
interesting lake, around which is some sylvan scenery,
rarely found in the north : there are other very pretty
lakes, particularly those of Emy, Leesborough, Crieve,
and White Lough,hes\des upwards of ISO upon a smaller
scale, scattered over every part of the county.
The climate is damp but not unwholesome. The
humidity is owing to the situation of the county, which
is placed at the inner extremity of a very broad valley.
M O N A
M O N A
for the most part forming the county of Fermanagh,
through which pass the waters of Lough Krne to their
influx into the Atlantic Ocean at Ballyshannon ; and as
the wind from that quarter prevails for nine months in
the year, the vapours are driven up the vale with great
force, and, rushing against the Slievebeagh mountains,
cause frequent showers or mists. This humidity is
much increased by the numerous lakes, whose exhala-
tions, even in summer, are sensibly felt, particularly by
strangers. The inhabitants, however, are in general
very healthy.
The undulating surface of the county produces a
great variety of soil. The low lands of the north are
generally wet and moory, particularly near the foot of
the mountains ; yet even in this district are some ex-
ceptions, for amid the very poorest tracts several gentle
elevations of limestone are found, and in the valleys are
extensive deposits of marl. The moory soil is every
where reclaimable ; though the subsoil is stiff and the
shallow and mossy loam on its surface imbibes the
moisture like a sponge, so that after a fall of rain it is
nearly impassable for cattle, and a few dry days harden
the surface so as to render it nearly impenetrable to a
plough. This character pervades the greater portion of
the barony of Trough. The central district, compre-
hending the depressed land between the Slievebeagh
and Crieve mountains, is far superior to any other part
of the county in point of fertility ; it is interspersed
with beautiful lakes, is well watered with streams, has a
sufficiency of bog, and in richness and natural capability
may vie with some of the best improved lands in the
north of Ireland. A vein of peculiarly excellent land
runs from Glaslough, by Tyhallon, Monaghan, Scots-
town, and Clones, into Fermanagh at Corren. The
southern extremity of the county consists for the most
part of a rich and highly productive soil, based on a
substratum of limestone ; and, in some places, a deep
loam highly improvable by calcareous manure. The
soil in the intermediate district varies much in quality,
and is disposed very irregularly ; even in several parts
of the same field it is seen sometimes to vary extremely,
being deep and argillaceous at one spot, a gravelly grit
at another, exhibiting at a third a stiff clay, and at a
fourth a party-coloured mixture of red and greenish
gravel : yet, in general character, it approximates nearly
to that of the northern part. The western side of the
county is a rich but shallow loam, in its natural state
spongy, wet, and overspread with rushes, but capable of
a high degree of improvement by manuring.
The large estates of the county vary from £'^20,000
to £1000 per annum, but a very considerable portion of
the lands is held in grants producing from £'20 to £.500
per annum -. most of the former are resided on by the
proprietor in fee, and the latter almost uniformly.
Many of them are held from the crown by the descend-
ants of the Scotch colony introduced here after the
settlement of the county by James I. ; a considerable
portion consisted of grants to Cromwell's soldiers,
many of whose posterity now possess farms so small as
not to yield an annual income exceeding £'20. Few of
the farms on the larger estates are tenanted in perpe-
tuity ; the usual term is ^l years and a life, or 60 years
and three lives. The mountainous districts form an
exception to this observation, as they are divided into
extensive portions, and mostly depastured by young
343
cattle. An extraordinary mode of tenure formerly
existed on some estates, of letting several townland.^i in
one lease to all the occupying tenants, who might be
from 20 to 30 joint lessees : part of the legal expenses
for drawing the lease was thus saved by the tenants,
but it gave the landlord a powerful control over them,
as any one of the tenants was liable to have his goods
seized for the rent of the whole j the rent paid by each
was acknowledged by a receipt on account, and he who
paid last obtained a receipt for the total amount.
The larger farms throughout the county do not
average 25 acres ; the smaller, which are much more
numerous, not six : so that ten acres may be adopted
as the general average. Great improvements have been
made within the last few years in almost every depart-
ment of AGRICULTURE, both as to the treatment of the
laud and as to the implements. The principal manure
is lime, and the produce of the farmyard, together
with composts of various kinds. Limestone in a state
of decomposition is found in several districts ; when
first raised, it has a compact slaty appearance, but on
exposure to the atmosphere it forms a kind of paste ;
no benefit is derived from it as a manure for the first
year, but for several years after the crops are most
abundant. Marl, though obtainable in several parts, is
little used except in the southern districts, where it has
proved very beneficial to the corn crops. In general,
land is seldom manured for any crop but the potato.
In the northern districts, in consequence of the small-
ness of the farms and the wetness of the soil, the ma-
nure is mostly carried to the fields in baskets, here
called " bardocks," slung across the back of an ass.
There is no county in Ireland where manual labour is
more employed in farming than in Monaghan. The
spade which is generally used in tilling the land, work-
ing the manure, raising potatoes, &c., resembles the
English spade in having a foot-step on each side, but
differs from it in having the blade made hollow and
filled with timber, to which the handle is made to fit in
a sloping form. In some parts, where the soil is heavy
and adhesive, the blade tapers nearly to a point, and is
much curved in the middle, to prevent the mould clog-
ging upon it. The principal CROrs are wheat, oats, and
potatoes. Flax has been a favourite and beneficial crop
for the last few years ; the quantity sown is constantly
increasing. Clover and green crops, also, are every
year becoming more common. The pasturage in the
mountainous districts is mostly formed of rushes and
sprit-grass, neither of which afford much nutriment ; in
the other parts it is very rich and close, the grass heavy
and exceedingly nutritious. In some places, white
clover is produced spontaneously, though too often
choked with rushes ; in others it is sown with grass
seeds and mowed twice or thrice a year : oats are also
mixed with the clover seed, and cut green for fodder,
by which management the farmers estimate that one
acre is more productive than four of common pasture.
The tops of furze, here called whins, are used for fod-
der ; they are prepared by being pounded in a stone
trough with a wooden mallet, which makes them very
juicy ; they are greedily eaten by horses, and answer
the double purpose of food and medicine.
In some parts much attention is paid to the fences,
which are generally quicksets of white thorn, often
mixed with sallows that are afterwards applied to many
M O N A
MO N A
purposes of country work ; sometimes the only fence is
a small mound of earth, apparently raised more as a
boundary mark than as a means of security against
trespassing. The chief breed of horned-cattle is a
cross of the Old Leicester with the Roscommon cow,
which grows to a large size and fattens rapidly. Butter
is made in great quantities in the north and west ; for
though there are no large dairies, every farmer makes
some : the greater part is sent to Monaghan, Newry,
and Dundalk, where it is bought up for the English
market. Sheep are very numerous in the north and
north-west, and of a great variety of sorts. The native
horses are not of a good kind ; those worthy of notice
are brought in from other counties : a small strong
breed called Ragheries, imported from Scotland by
carriers who are inhabitants of the island of Rathlin
(whence the name), were formerly in great request;
they are cheap, durable, serviceable, well calculated for
a hilly country, and live to a great age. Asses are
numerous ; they are found to be extremely useful, and
very easily fed, being fond of the green tops of furze,
on which the Raghery horses also feed. Pigs are more
numerous here than in any other county ; they are
slaughtered in great numbers for the provision mer-
chants of Belfast, Newry, and Drogheda, and are also
exported alive to Liverpool. The lakes abound with
fish, particularly trout and pike, which grow to a great
size ; the pearl-muscle is found in some of the larger
streams.
Of the extensive forests mentioned by early writers,
no vestiges can be traced, except in the stunted under-
wood so frequent at the foot of the hills, and the nume-
rous trunks of forest-trees, found deeply imbedded in
almost every bog. The mountains and hills present no
remains of timber, and the only woods now found in
the county are those belonging to the mansions and
demesnes of the nobility and gentry. Those of Dawson
Grove and Anketell Grove are more especially worthy of
notice. At Glaslough are some of the finest ash-trees
in Ireland ; near Monaghan are several remarkably large
beech-trees, and some few venerable oaks are to be seen
in different parts : so that Monaghan may be said to
produce timber nearly sufficient for its own consump-
tion. Sycamore is in much repute for the shafts of
bleach-mills, round which the webs of cloth are rolled
and beetled ; it never splinters during the operation of
the machinery, whereas when other timber is used for
the same purpose, it must be cased with horse skins,
which do not last long. In the moory bottoms at the
foot of hills, groves of sallow and osier are planted,
which thrive vigorously ; and the wicker-work made of
the twigs, yields a return which forms no inconsiderable
portion of the rent. Fuel is procured in the greatest
abundance from the numerous bogs, which are so dis-
persed in every part that the carriage adds but little to
the expense.
Geologically, the county forms part of the northern
extremity of the great limestone field of Ireland ; and,
except in some districts, the rock is well distributed and
lies very advantageously for working. The hmestone is
of great variety and of excellent quality ; at Glenmore it
is raised in large blocks, and, when polished, exhibits
all the varieties of fine marble. Freestone of beautiful
and valuable quality is found in various parts. Part of
Slievebeagh is formed of a white sandstone e.\tensivelv
344
used for architectural purposes. The south side of this
mountain is altogether of jasper, in some places very
pure, but mostly in a state of decomposition, much re-
sembling clay-slate, and of a bright vermilion hue : the
hills of Grieve are wholly greenstone and basalt. Escars
can be traced in several parts, particularly in the neigh-
bourhood of Tyhallon, and, in one respect, are unlike all
others in Ireland, being entirely formed of jasper, quartz,
agates, and argillaceous sand. Coal has been found in
thin seams at the foot of the Slievebeagh mountain near
Emyvale, and at Glennon in large blocks ; but the most
extensive beds are near Carrickraacross : pits were
opened there a few years since, but after a few tons had
been raised, the workings were discontinued. Iron-
stone of inferior quality is frequently found ; slate-
quarries are worked at the Grieve hills, and flags in
three quarries in Dartree. Large lead- works were
erected in the Grieve hills for the smelting of lead-ore,
but they have been long since abandoned : the ore has
been found near Gastle-Blayney both in large blocks
and in thin veins ; some promising veins, also, can be
traced in the limestone near Carrickmacross. Indica-
tions of copper have been discovered near Gastle-
Blayney ; and ochres, potters'-clay, and soft unctuous
earth, in the same neighbourhood. Potters-clay found
near Glaslough is wrought into glazed earthenware ;
brick clay, and oxyde of manganese, are distributed
over all the country. The bones and antlers of the
moose-deer, and the bones of several other kinds of
animals, long since extinct in the island, have been dug
up. Four teeth of extraordinary size were discovered
on the Slievebeagh mountains, which on an examination
by the Royal Society of London, were pronounced to be
those of an elephant : two of them weighed 2|lb. each ;
the other two, 6oz. each.
The linen manufacture was established here at a very
early period, and several towns and villages owe their
origin to this branch of national industry. Both spin-
ning and weaving declined considerably until the last
few years, within which period the trade has revived.
A large linen factory was lately built at Glaslough, and
great quantities are made and bleached in various parts :
the yarn is spun by the women. A very good descrip-
tion of woollen cloth is manufactured in considerable
quantities at Carrickmacross ; and at Stouebridge and
Emyvale are iron-mills, which are chiefly employed in
the manufacture of agricultural implements. Tanning
is extensively carried on at Glaslough and Gastle-
Blayney.
The county has within it no stream deserving the name
of river. The Blackwater, which bounds it on the side
of Tyrone, receives several small tributaries ; and a very
rapid stream separates the county from Armagh. The
Finn, which falls into Lough Erne, rises in the centre of
Monaghan, but is not navigable for boats until it has
quitted the county. The Lagan forms the southern
boundary, and afterwards joins the Glyde in the county
of Louth. The canal from Lough Neagh to Lough Erne
enters the county near Middleton, and proceeds thence
by Tyhallon, Bessmount, and Monaghan, past Clones.
Among the ANTiauiTiES are two round towers, one
at Clones, the other at Inniskeen : c(mtiguous to the
former is a rath of large dimensions, and near the latter
a circular mount inclosed with a wall of stone and
mortar. At Freamount is another large rath; and a
M O N A
M O N A
third of very considerable dimensions, but now almost
concealed by plantations, may be seen at Fort Singleton,
near Eniyvale. Near Carrickmacross are the ruins of
a Druidical temple, consisting of an oblong mound of
earth inclosed by a circuit of large upright stones.
Wicker hurdles of very curious workmanship have been
found iu the bogs, in a high state of preservation ; they
appear to have been carried thither by parties on a
marauding expedition, for the purpose of crossing the
bog, and, having been left behind in the hurry of ad-
vance or retreat, were gradually imbedded. A curious
relic is preserved at Knockbuy, near the town of Mo-
naghan ; it is called the " Balaghdthownagh," and con-
sists of a bo,\, about the size of a thick folio volume,
containing a crucifix and some relics. It is kept with
the greatest veneration as a kind of heir-loom in the
Bradley family, and is used as an attestation of inno-
cence for imputed crimes which do not admit of the
usual kind of evidence ; when let out on an occasion of
this kind, valuable security is always required for its
restoration. No county in Ireland has so few vestiges
of monastic buildings. The abbey of Clones is the only
one of which any remains exist : that of Monaghan is
utterly destroyed, a castle having been erected on its
site ; the wealthy abbey of Tyhallon is known only by
name. The castle of Monaghan is noticed by Sir John
Davies, in his account of the lord-deputy's tour through
the county, as being then in a state of ruinous neglect.
The ruins of the old mansion-house of Castle-Blayney
are still standing, but are so close to the modern build-
ing as to injure the appearance of both : there are also
the ruins of an old building in the same demesne, bear-
ing, however, no resemblance to a religious structure ;
the walls are very massive, but the ruins are so over-
grown with trees as to render inspection very difficult.
At Vicar's Dale, in Donaghmoyne, are the ruins of a
castle ; and near Dawson Lodge, those of another, called
Maghernacligh.
The residences of the great landed proprietors are
not remarkable for architectural splendour ; they are,
rather, good family houses, and are noticed in the
articles on their respective parishes. The houses of the
farmers are little better than those of the same class in
Leinster ; those of the class that combines manufacture
with farming are comfortable in appearance, but the
habitations of the cottirrs and journeymen weavers
are miserably poor. Such tenants hold their hovel, with
a small plot of ground for a garden, either by a " dry-
cot take " or a " wet-cot take ;" the former implying an
agreement by which the tenant pays a rent for his tene-
ment, and works at taskwork, or for daily pay, at the
loom for his landlord ; the latter signifying that he has
also the grass for a cow in winter, for which he pays an
additional amount of rent, but finds his own hay and
grass in summer : these tenures are merely from year
to year. The clothing of the peasantry is frieze, or a
coarse light-blue cloth manufactured at home and dyed
with indigo ; the women wear cottons more generally
than stuffs : all are tolerably well supplied with linen,
and with shoes and stockings. The food is potatoes,
meal, milk, and butter ; though in the poorer parts,
where the population depends wholly on the produce of
the soil, the cottiers are seldom able to procure any
thing better than salt to their potatoes : in the neigh-
bourhood of the county town, the luxury of animal food
Vol. II.— 345
is occasionally enjoyed. Irish and English are indis-
criminately spoken in the intercourse of the peasantry
with one another. An unusual custom of annually
electing a mayor, with power to decide all disputes,
long prevailed in the village of Blackstaff, near Carrick-
macross, which was composed of about '200 wretched
hovels in the centre of 500 acres of bog, heath, and
rock, so barren as never to have been thoroughly culti-
vated, and on which the inhabitants supported them-
selves by holding each a very small portion of good
land at a considerable distance from the village. The
inconvenient distance of their habitations from their
farms, and the dangers apprehended from this irregular
union of a number of families during the disturbed
period of 1*98, caused the community to be broken up,
and its members to be established on their separate
plots of land ; yet for years after, they met annually at
Blackstaff to commemorate the by-gone pleasures of
their former state of social intercourse. A chalybeate
spring rises at a place called Drumlubberbuy, or " the
ridge with the yellow spring," from which flows a stream
of pellucid water covered with a strong scum of ochre ;
it is not noted for any medicinal qualities. At TuUaghan
is a spring, the water of which, though tasteless and per-
fectly pellucid, forms an incrustation on all the sub-
stances it passes over near its source. This county gave
the title of Baron to Sir Edward Blayney, who was en-
nobled by James I., in 16'21, for his services against the
Irish.
MONAGHAN, a market-
town and parish, the chief
town of the county, the head
of a union, and formerly a
parliamentary borough, in
the barony and county of
Monaghan, and province of i
Ulster, 19,^ miles (W. S.
\\.) from Armagh, and 60
(N. N. \V.) from Dublin, on
the coach-road to London-
derry; containing 1'2, 160 in-
habitants, of whom 4130 are
in the town. This place, till within a comparatively
modern period, was distinguished only by a monastery,
of which St. Moclodius, the son of Acdh, was abbot ;
and which, according to the Annals of the Four Masters,
was plundered in 830, and again in 931. The monastery
appears from the same authority to have flourished for
more than two centuries ; and the names of its abbots,
deans, and archdeacons (among the first-named of whom
was Abbot Ellas, the principal of all the monks of Ire-
land, who died in Cologne in 1042) are regularly pre-
served till the year ll6l, after which date no further
mention of it occurs. Phelim Mac Mahon, in 1462,
founded on the site of the ancient abbey a monastery
for Conventual Franciscans, which at the Dissolution
was granted to Edward Withe ; even at that time, no
place deserving the name of a village had arisen near
the monastery, and the whole of this part of the
country, under its native chiefs, the Mac Mahons, still
retained the ancient customs.
About the commencement of the I'th century. Sir
Edward Blayney, who had been appointed seneschal of
the county, erected a small fort here, which he garri-
soned with one company of foot ; but on the approach-
M O N A
M O N A
ing settlement of Ulster, when the Lord-Deputy came
to this place to make some arrangements respecting the
forfeited lands, it was so destitute of requisite habita-
tions, that he was under the necessity of pitching tents
for his accommodation. On this occasion, the Lord-
Deputy was attended by the Lord- Chancellor and judges
of assize, and by the attorney-general, the celebrated
Sir John Davies, who describes the place as consisting
mainly of a few scattered cabins occupied by the retired
soldiers of Blayney's garrison. Besides the fort already
mentioned, which was on the north side of the village,
he notices another in the centre of it, which had been
raised only 10 or 12 feet above the ground, and was
then lying in a neglected state, although £1200 had
been expended on it by the king, as a means of retain-
ing the native inhabitants of the district in subjection.
The Lord-Deputy divided several neighbouring " balli-
betaghs " among the soldiers residing in the town ; and
as the fort at this time depended on Newry for its
supplies, which, from the hostiUty of the intervening
country, were frequently precarious, he granted to Sir
Edward Blayney a portion of land on which was after-
wards erected the fortress of Castle Blayney. In 1611,
Sir Edward obtained the grant of a market and fair.
The town, which now began to increase in population
and extent, was, in 1613, made a parliamentary borough;
and the inhabitants were incorporated by a charter of
James I., under the designation of the " Provost, Free
Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Mo-
naghan."
The TOWN consists of one principal square in the
centre, called the Diamond, of another spacious opening
in which is the market-house, and of three streets
diverging from the principal square in a triangular di-
rection : the total number of houses is about 640 ; those
in the environs are neat and handsome. A gas com-
pany was formed in 1846. There are barracks for
cavalry, adapted for 3 officers and 54 non-commissioned
officers and privates, with stabling for 44 horses, and a
small hospital. A news-room is supported by subscrip-
tion ; and a savings' bank has been established, in which,
in 1846, the deposits amounted to £23,536, belonging
to 864 depositors : a literary society was founded in
1845. There is a large brewery in the town, but no
particular manufactures are carried on : the chief trade
is in agricultural produce, and the sale of linen, for
which this place is one of the principal marts in the
county; the quantity of linen sold, in 1835, was 6641
pieces, of 25 yards each, and the average price per piece,
18s. 9d. Branches of the Belfast and Provincial Banks
have been established ; also a branch of the LHster
Banking Company. The market days are, Monday for
linen and for pigs, of which great numbers are slaugh-
tered, and sold to dealers, who send the carcasses to
Belfast, where they are cured for exportation ; Tues-
day for wheat, here, barley, and rye ; Wednesday for
oats ; and Saturday for oats and potatoes : flax, yarn,
butter, and provisions of other kinds, are also sold here
in large quantities. Fairs are held on the first INIouday
in every month, and are amply supplied and numerously
attended. The market-house, a very commodious build-
ing, was erected by Gen. Conyngham, afterwards Lord
Rossmore, whose arms are emblazoned over the en-
trance. The Ulster canal passes through the northern
part of the parish, and the company have built large
346
stores here ; a branch of the river Blackwater bounds
the parish on the north, running nearly parallel with the
canal. These facilities of water conveyance contribute
to the benefit of the town, which is at present in a
thriving state, and is progressively increasing in import-
ance.
ThecoRPORATioN,bythecharterof James L, consisted,
till its dissolution by the act 3 & 4 Victoria, cap. 108,
of a provost, 12 free burgesses, and an indefinite number
of freemen, assisted by a recorder, two serjeants-at-mace,
and other officers. The provost was annually chosen
from the free burgesses on the festival of St. John the
Baptist, and sworn into office on that of St. Michael ;
the burgesses were elected, as vacancies occurred, from
the freemen by a majority of their own body, by whom
also freemen were admitted by favour only ; the recorder
and serjeants-at-mace were chosen by the corporation
at large, but no recorder had been chosen since 1815,
when the last, who was also the first serjeant-at-mace,
died. The town is now exclusively managed by com-
missioners elected under the act 9 George IV. cap. 82,
which was introduced into Monaghan in 1837. The
corporation continued to send two members to the Irish
parliament till the Union, when the borough was dis-
franchised.. The court of record, ordained by the char-
ter to be held every Monday, with jurisdiction extending
to five marks, has not been held for the last 60 years.
The assizes for the county are held here ; also the quar-
ter-sessions four times in the year, and petty-sessions
every Tuesday. There is a chief constabulary police
force. The county court-house, situated in the centre
of the town, is a handsome modern building of hewn
stone, containing spacious court-rooms and all requisite
offices, and in every respect well adapted to its purpose.
The county gaol, completed in 1824, and situated on an
eminence near the entrance to the town, is a semicircular
range of building, containing 75 single cells, and 11
rooms with more than one bed each, with appropriate
day-rooms and airing-3'ards, in one of which is a tread-
wheel applied to the raising of water for the supply of
the prison. There are a male and female hospital, a
chapel, and a school ; the prison is well adapted for
classification, and under very good regulations.
The PARISH, called also " Rackwallis, " comprises, ac-
cording to the Ordnance survey, 13,547^ statute acres,
of which 26i acres are water, and the remainder prin-
cipally under tillage. The general surface is irregular
and hilly, rugged towards the south, but smoother and
more gently undulating towards the north. The soil is
rich in the vicinity of the town, but inferior towards the
south and south-west; there is but little bog in the
parish, though large tracts in those adjoining, from
which abundance of fuel is obtained. The system of
agriculture is improved : limestone abounds, and there is
a very fine quarry at Milltown Bridge ; marl is found, but
is seldom used for manure. Whinstone also forms part
of the substratum. The principal seats are, Rossmore
Park, the residence of the Right Hon. Lord Rossmore,
a handsome mansion in the Elizabethan style, situated
in an extensive and beautifully diversified demesne,
abounding with wild and romantic scenery, and com-
manding some fine distant views ; Castle Shane, an
ancient mansion in a highly enriched and tastefully
embellished demesne (within which is the site of the
ancient village of Castle- Shane) with an entrance lodge
M O N A
M O N A
in the later English style of architecture, and forming
an interesting object as seen from the new line of road
winding through the valley ; Cuniatu.ssu, pleasantly situ-
ated in a highly cultivated and well-])lanted demesne ;
and Camta lale, a spacious residence, situated in grounds
tastefully laid out and adjoining the demesne of Ross-
more Park. There are also many good residences in
the immediate environs.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Clogher, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the
tithe rent-charge is £415. *. 9. The glebe-house is fl
neat thatched residence, and the glebe comprises 38
statute acres, valued at £114 per annum. The church,
a very handsome structure in the later English style of
architecture, with a tower and spire, was erected on the
site of the former edifice in 1836, at an expense of
£5330, of which £1100 were a legacy, with interest,
bequeathed by the late Dowager Lady Rossmore ; £1000,
a bequest of Mrs. Jackson ; and £'2000, a loan from the
Board of First Fruits ; the remainder being raised by
subscription. The interior contains some handsome
monuments and tablets of white marble, to the late
rectors, the Rev. Mr. Montgomery and Mr. Evatt, to
Mr. and Mrs. Jackson, the families of Lucas and Cole,
and the lady of Colonel Westenra : an organ valued at
£600 has been presented by Lord Rossmore, who is now
erecting an east window of stained glass. The Roman
Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Estab-
lished Church i there are chapels at Latlurken, Ardahy,
and in the town. Contiguous to the chapel at Latlurken
are a national school, and a house given by the Ross-
more family for the residence of the Roman Catholic
clergyman. There are places of worship for Presby-
terians, Wesleyans, and Primitive Wesleyan Methodists.
The consistorial court of the diocese of Clogher is held
in the town ; and the presbytery of Monaghan, in con-
nexion with the General Assembly, holds its meetings
here in February and October. The diocesan school for
the sees of Raphoe, Kilmore, and Clogher, was founded
by Queen Elizabeth, and is supported chiefly by the
bishops and clergy of those dioceses : the school-house
is a spacious and handsome edifice, towards the erection
of which Lord Rossmore contributed largely, also en-
dowing the establishment with an annuity and five acres
of land. A free school for boys was founded by R.
Jackson, Esq., who endowed it with £12. 10. per annum,
and a house rent-free ; a female sewing-school is sup-
ported by the liberality of the same gentleman, who
endowed it with a house rent-free and a salary of £16
for the mistress. The county infirmary, a good build-
ing occupying an open and elevated site, is supported
by the interest of £4000 bequeathed by the late Francis
Ellis, Esq., a rent-charge of £'20 by the late J. Wright,
Esq., and £ 1 00 per annum from Bishop Sterne's charity ;
also by grand jury presentments, and subscriptions.
There were till lately a mendicity society ; and a penny-
a-week society for the assistance of the poor, supported
by subscription and weekly contributions from the
members. A fever hospital, containing beds for 40
patients, was built in 1843, on the road leading to Ar-
magh, at a cost of £900 ; there is a dispensary in the
town, and a loan fund with a capital of £'2000 has been
in operation for some years. An almshouse for six poor
widows was founded by the late Richard Jackson, Esq.,
who endowed it with £'25. 1 9. per annum, charged on
347
lands in the parish. The union workhouse, occupying
a site of "i acres purchased for £89'2. 10., was com-
pleted in 1841, at a cost of £6350, and will contain 900
paupers.
A large house in the Diamond is said to occupy the
site of an ancient castle ; and in the rear of it are some
old walls, said to be the remains of the abbey : the
cemetery attached appears to have been very extensive.
In levelling the ground in front of the old gaol, human
bones and a skull of unusually large size were dis-
covered. On the summit of the hill to the north of the
town, and near the site of the new gaol, was a small
mound of earth, marking the site of the fortress built
by Sir Edward Blayney for the protection of the town,
and noticed by Sir John Davies as serving both for a
garrison and a gaol. Several silver coins have been
found, among which were a curious coin of one of the
Henrys, and a larger coin of James I., which is in good
preservation ; and in a meadow near the river was dug
up, some years since, an ancient brass spur, similar to
those in the museum of Trinity College, Dublin. On
the townland of Lisard, about two miles to the south-
west of the town, is a perfect fort, with a rampart and
fosse ; it is situated on an eminence commanding the
surrounding country.
MONAMINTRA, an ancient parish, in the union of
Waterford, barony of Gaultier, county of Water-
ford, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from
Waterford j containing 100 inhabitants, and comprising
357 statute acres. — See the article on Monemointer,
or Ballycloghy.
MONANIMY, a parish, in the union of Mallow,
barony of Fermoy, county of Cork, and province of Mon-
ster, 5 miles (N. E.) from Mallow ; on the river Black-
water, and on the high road from Mallow to Fermoy ;
containing 3135 inhabitants. The estates of Monanimy,
Ballygriffin, and Carrigacunna once belonged to the an-
cient family of the Nagles, the head of which has for seve-
ral centuries been settled in the vicinity. The two former
have passed by female connexion into other families : the
last was the residence of Sir Richard Nagle, succes-
sively attorney-general, lord chief justice, speaker of
the Irish house of commons, and private secretary to
James II., whom he accompanied into exile ; he died
abroad, and the estate was forfeited. The parish, which
comprises 8831 statute acres, is situated on both sides
of the Blackwater, and contains part of the range called
the Nagle mountains on the south side of that river,
affording good pasturage ; the land on the north side,
which comprises about one-third of the parish, is good
and chiefly in tillage. The state of agriculture is im-
proving. There is a large tract of bog, supplying not
only the neighbourhood, but the market of Mallow, with
fuel. Considerable improvements have been made by
H. B. Foott, Esq., and by the inhabitants of KealavoUen :
those of the former consist of flourishing plantations
extending up a romantic mountain glen on the old road
to Fermoy ; and those of the latter are substantial slated
houses built by the occupiers. Carrigacunna Castle, the
seat of Mr. Foott, is a handsome modern mansion, ad-
joining the ruins of the old castle, the approach to which
from KealavoUen is through some young plantations
leading to a grove of venerable oak-trees, forming, with
the castle, an interesting feature iu the beautiful and
diversified scenery.
2 Y2
M O N A
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £300. The church, a small neat building
with a tower and spire, is situated on the northern bank
of the Blackwater: it was erected in 181 1, on the site
of an ancient commandery of Knights Hospitallers that
formerly existed here, by aid of a gift of £800 from the
Board of First Fruits ; it was new roofed and repaired
in 18'27, by the parishioners. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Keala-
vollen, comprising also Clenore and Wallstown, and
containing the chapels of Kealavollen and Anakissy :
the latter is in the parish of Clenore ; the former, a
small plain building, has been rebuilt on a site given by
Jas. Hennessy, Esq. There is a small cottage residence
for the parish priest. A school of about 80 children
was till lately maintained by a bequest of £18 per
annum from the late Jos. Nagle, Esq., of Ballygriffin,
for 30 years from 1814. The castle of Monanimy is by
some supposed to have been built by the Knights Tem-
plars ; while by others, it and the castle of Carrigacunna
are said to have been erected by the Nagles, after whom
the " Nagle mountains " are named. The former has
been fitted up, and is now occupied by a respectable
farmer. Of the ancient commandery, nothing now re-
mains but a few fragments of a wall near the church.
The celebrated Edmund Burke passed his early child-
hood at Ballyduff, in this parish, the seat of his maternal
grandfather, where he remained about five years ; and
received the first rudiments of his education at the
ruined castle of Monanimy, in which a sort of hedge
school was then held. He always retained a great
partiality for these places, which he often revisited in
subsequent years. — See Kealavollen.
MONART, an ecclesiastical district, in the union of
Enniscorthy, barony of Scarawalsh, county of Wex-
ford, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (N. W.) from
Enniscorthy, on the road to Kilkenny ; containing 3" 12
inhabitants. It is situated on a stream called the Urrin,
which falls into the Slaney below Enniscorthy ; and
comprises 13,029| statute acres. The soil is chiefly of
a light shingly nature ; limestone-gravel is found on
the banks of the Slaney, and a kind of slaty stone
abounds, which is used for building : the state of agri-
culture is improving. The village of Forge, on the
Urrin, derives its name from an extensive forge for-
merly established there, which appears by an ancient
document to have belonged in 1560 to Colonel Robert
Phayre, and was then employed in the manufacture of
sword-blades. In 1818 the works were converted into
a distillery by Andrew Jameson, Esq., who, in the course
of 12 years, expended upwards of £25,000 on the esta-
blishment, and in 1830 it produced 55,594 gallons of
spirits ; it has been since discontinued, and part of it
converted into a flour-mill, capable of producing nearly
40,000 barrels annually, and for working which there is
a copious supply of water. A fair is held on Aug. I6th
at Scarawalsh Bridge, on the Slaney, chiefly for lambs.
The seats are, Monart House, the residence of the Cook-
man family, a handsome mansion pleasantly situated on
a gentle eminence above the Urrin, in a highly improved
and richly wooded demesne ; Killonghram, surrounded
by an oak coppice, called Killoughram Wood ; Munfin,
beautifully situated on the margin of the Slaney, shel-
tered by a wooded eminence, and commanding an ex-
348
MON A
tensive view of the luxuriant scenery on the banks of
the river ; Kiltra ; Farmly ; Urrinsfort ; Oak Hall ;
and Daphne.
The district was formed in 1805, by separating 39
townlands from the parish of Templeshanbo, which
have been recently reduced to 33 by the detachment of
six to form part of the new district parish of Bally-
carney. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese
of Ferns, and in the patronage of the rector of Temple-
shanbo ; for the support of which the tithe rent-charge
of three of the above-mentioned townlands, amounting
to £"6. 3., is appropriated. The glebe-house is a neat
building, towards the erection of which the Board of
First Fruits gave £382, in 1809 ; and there is a glebe
of 16 acres. The church, or chapel of ease, is a cruci-
form structure, erected in 1805 by aid of a gift of £500,
and enlarged in 1831 by aid of a loan of £500, from the
same Board ; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
lately granted a sum for its repair. In the Roman
Catholic divisions Monart is partly included in each of
the districts of Marshalstown and Ballindaggan, and
contains the chapels of Marshalstown, Castledockrill,
Cairn, and Newtown. Near the church is the parochial
school, built by the Association for Discountenancing
Vice, and partly supported by it and partly by subscrip-
tion. A school has been established near the chapel at
Marshalstown, and temporary schools are held during
the summer in the other chapels. At Farmly are two
of the ancient raths or mounds usually attributed to
the Danes.
MONASTERBOICE, a parish, in the poor-law union
of Drogheda, barony of Ferrard, county of Louth,
and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (E. S. E.) from
Collon, and near the road from Drogheda to Dunleer ;
containing 801 inhabitants. This place is chiefly dis-
tinguished for the remains of the monastery from which
it derived its name, founded by St. Bute or Boetius, the
son of Bronagh, who died in 521 ; it was plundered in
968, and in 1097 was destroyed by fire. From this
time it appears to have subsisted only for a few years ;
the last abbot of whom any notice occurs died in 1117.
The parish comprises 23l6i statute acres, most of which
is good land, and in a profitable state of cultivation.
Monasterboice, the seat of W. Drummoud Delap, Esq.,
who has a large estate here and is planting on an ex-
tensive scale, is undergoing great improvement, and a
spacious new mansion has been just erected by the pro-
prietor. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of
Armagh, forming part of the union of Dunleer ; the
tithe rent-charge is £87. 9. The ruins of the monastery
are of very interesting character : at a short distance
from each other are the walls and gables of two
churches or chapels, the architecture of which denotes
great antiquity ; the windows are of freestone, but the
rest of the building is of a slaty stone found in the sur-
rounding hills. On the south side of the western church
are two elaborately sculptured stone crosses, one 18
and the other 16 feet high. The larger, apparently
formed of an entire stone, and called St. Boyne's Cross,
has near its base some obliterated characters, supposed
to be traces of the name Muredach, King of Ireland,
who died in 534 : the arms are inclosed within a circle,
and the shaft and other parts are ornamented with
figures sculptured in relief, which, though much defaced,
appear to have represented scriptural subjects ; on one
M O N A
side is the Crucifixion, and on the other a figure of
St. Patrick. Near the western extremity of tliis cliurch
are the remains of an ancient round tower, diminishing
gradually in circumference from its base, which is 18
feet in diameter, to the summit which has an elevation
of 110 feet; it is divided by circular projecting abut-
ments, for the support of floors, into five stories : the
internal diameter is nine feet, and the doorway is about
six feet from the ground. The surrounding cemetery
is still used ; in digging a grave, were found three
Anglo-Saxon coins, two of the reign of Edmund, and
one of that of Athelstan.
MONASTEREVEN, a market and post town, and
a parish, in the union of Athy, barony of West
Ophaley, county of Kildare, and province of Lein-
STER, 14i miles (\V. S. W.) from Naas, and 30 (S. W.)
from Dublin, on the coach-road to Limerick ; containing
3693 inhabitants, of whom 1097 are in the town. This
town derives its name from a monastery founded here,
and made a place of sanctuary, by St. Abban ; in which
were afterwards placed monks from South Munster, by
St. Eniin, or Evin, in the seventh century. According
to the Book of Lecan, the forcible seizure of this re-
ligious house by Cearbhuil was the cause of the war in
908, between that monarch and Cormac Mac Culinan,
King of Munster, the latter of whom was defeated. The
monastery, having become extinct, was refounded to-
wards the close of the twelfth century, by Dermod
O'Dempsey, King of Ophaley, with the consent of Mure-
dach O'Conor; and, though considered as just beyond
the border of the English pale, was made a mitred
abbey : its abbot sat as a baron in the Irish parliament.
At the Dissolution, the abbey and the manor were
granted to George, Lord Audley, who assigned them to
Adam Loftus, Viscount Ely ; and they are at present
the property of the Marquess of Drogheda. During
the disturbances of 1798, a battle took place here be-
tween the insurgents and a party of the yeomanry,
which terminated in the total defeat of the former,
and the consequent interruption of their progress into
Queen's county.
The TOWN is pleasantly situated on the eastern bank
of the river Barrow, amidst the improvements of Moore
Abbey, from which it extends for about a quarter of a
mile towards the Grand Canal, which passes its extre-
mity. It consists of 167 well-built houses on one side
only of the principal street, which is parallel with the
river ; the other side being left open, and laid out in
gardens and lawns sloping down to the water's edge.
The street is intersected by the Dubhn road ; and a
bridge of six arches over the Barrow was erected in
183'2, in a direct line with the road, by which the former
sharp and dangerous turn is avoided. A new street has
been laid out in a direction parallel with the back of
the principal street, at the private expense of the Rev.
Henry Moore ; and great improvements have been made
on the hne of the Grand Canal by the company, among
which may be noticed the construction of an elegant
cast-iron drawbridge over the canal in 18'29, and the
carrying of the canal over the Barrow by an aqueduct
of three arches of 40 feet span, handsomely built of
hewn limestone, and surmounted by an iron balustrade.
A branch canal from this place has been extended to
the thriving town of Portarlington ; and the Great
Southern and Western railway has a branch from
349
M O N A
Monastereven to Carlow, between which places the line
is 24 British miles. The extensive brewery, distillery,
and malting concern of Mr. Cassidy, whose dwelling-
house is highly ornamental, afford employment to many
of the working class. The traffic arising from its situ-
ation as a thoroughfare on one of the branches ot the
southern road from the metropolis, adds to the sujiport
of the town. Its position in the midst of a vast extent
of turbary presents eminent advantages for the establish-
ment of manufactures ; and its facilities of communica-
tion with Dublin, Shannon harbour, and Waterford, by
means of the Grand Canal and the Barrow navigation,
render it peculiarly favourable to the carrying on of a
very extensive inland trade. The market is on Saturday,
and is abundantly supplied with provisions of every kind
at a moderate price ; fairs are held annually on March
28th, May 29th, July 31st, and Dec. 6th, for cattle,
sheep, and pigs. In the excise arrangements the town
is within the district of Naas. The market-house is a
commodious building, but not remarkable for any archi-
tectural ornament. A constabulary police station has
been established here ; and petty-sessions are held every
second Saturday.
The PARISH comprises 7142 statute acres, compre-
hending an extremely large tract of bog, which affords
employment to many persons, who procure fuel not
only for the supply of the brewery and distillery and of
the town and neighbourhood, but also for the supply of
the Dublin markets, whither it is conveyed by the canal.
There are some quarries of good limestone, used for
buildings in which hewn stone is not required, and also
burnt into lime for manure. Moore Abbey, the pro-
perty of the Marquess of Drogheda, is a spacious man-
sion, erected on the site of the ancient conventual build-
ings, of which the only remains are some sculptured
ornaments inserted into the gable end of the domestic
chapel : in the entrance-hall, which is wainscoted with
oak, Loftus, Viscount Ely, is said to have held the court
of chancery in 1641. It is situated in an extensive and
greatly improved demesne, near the banks of the river
Barrow. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the dio-
cese of Kildare, and in the patronage of the Marquess,
in whom the rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent-
charge is £96. 19- The church has a square tower
overspread with ivy, planted in 1815 by the incumbent,
the Rev. Charles Moore, and was recently repaired by a
grant of £880 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners ;
it was built at the sole expense of Charles, Earl (after-
wards Marquess) of Drogheda, and consecrated on the
Sth of ;May, 1*72, in lieu of one which was situated
within their demesne. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
parishes of Kildangan, Nurney, Donany, and parts of
those of Lea, Ballybracken, Harristown, and Walters-
town : the chapel is a plain cruciform structure ; a
handsome new chapel is now in course of erection.
There are places of worship for Primitive and Wesleyan
Methodists. The parochial school, for which a good
school-house, with apartments for the master and mis-
tress, was erected on a plot of ground given by the Rev.
H. Moore, partly with £400 presented by the trustees
of the Marquess of Drogheda's estates, is supported by
the incumbent, by a grant of £20 per annum from the
Marquess of Drogheda, and by subscription. An in-
fants' school has been built, and is supported, at the
M O N E
MONE
sole expense of Lady Henry Moore. A bequest of £3
per annum late currency for teaching 1'2 poor children,
and of £4 for apprenticing a Protestant child, was made,
about 150 years since, by a member of the Loftus
family.
MONASTERNENAGH.— See Manister.
MONASTERORIS.— See Castropetre.
MONEENROE, Kilkenny.— See Castlecomer.
MONEGAY, MoLCHONRiAH, or Temple-na-Mona,
a parish, in the union of Newcastle, barony of Glen-
QUiN, county of Limerick, and province of Munster,
on the road from Limerick to Tralee ; containing, with
part of the post town of Newcastle, 6366 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 2'2,791 statute acres, one-third of
which is arable, producing good crops ; about one-third
is meadow and pasture, including several extensive
dairy-farms ; and the remainder is uncultivated moun-
tain, alFording excellent pasturage to herds of young
cattle and sheep, and containing also some bog. The
lower parts of the parish are based on limestone, dipping
westward beneath the mountains, which are of the coal
formation, namely, silicious grit and very compact in-
durated clay, or clunch, in which five beds of coal are
found, though only the two upper seams, which are very
thin, are worked. The upper stratum, called culm, is
chiefly used for burning lime : ironstone and fire-clay
are abundant, and very good, but neither is worked ;
and the silicious grit is only used for making roads.
The principal seats are Glanduff Castle, Woodlawn,
TuUiline, and Mount Plummer. The living is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, forming part
of the union of Newcastle ; the tithe rent-charge is
£375, and the glebe comprises 53^ acres of rich land.
The church stands in the town of Newcastle. The
Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the
Established Church, and is called Rathcahill and Tem-
pleglauntane ; it contains two chapels. Ruins exist of
a church of the Knights Templars, called Teampul-na-
glauntane, in which is a tomb of the ancient family of
Lacy; of another, called Teampul-na-Hinghine-bugdhe,
or " the Church of the Devout Daughter ;" and of the
fine old parish church. There are also within the limits
of the parish the ruins of several heathen temples, or
Druidical altars.
MONEMOINTER, or Ballycloghy, a parish, in
the union and barony of Gaultier, county of Water-
ford, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from
Waterford; containing 100 inhabitants. This small
parish, also called Monamentra, comprises 357 statute
acres, and is situated upon the western side of the har-
bour of Waterford. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Waterford, constituting, with the rectories of
Kilmacomb and Kilmacleague, and parts of those of
Riesk and Kilmeaden, the corps of the chancellorship
of Waterford, in the patronage of the Bishop. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £'2'3. 10.; and the
gross annual value of the dignity, tithe and glebes
inclusive, before the passing of the Rent-charge act,
was £476. 8. There are three glebes in the union,
comprising 35 statute acres, with a house or store in
Waterford let at a rent of £31.
MONEYBEG, an island, in the parish of Kilmina,
union of Westport, barony of Burrishoole, county
of Mayo, and province of Connaught. It lies in New-
port bay, and comprises 9^ statute acres.
350
MONEYGALL, a village or post-town, in the parish
of CuLLENWAYNE, barony of Clonlisk, King's county,
and province of Leinster, 6f miles (S. W.) from Ros-
crea, and 65f (S. W. byS.) from Dublin, on the coach-
road to Limerick ; containing 764 inhabitants. It
consists of 137 houses, and is situated near the confines
of the county of Tipperary ; it has a patent for three
fairs during the year, and is a constabulary police sta-
tion. Adjoining is Greenhills, the residence of the
proprietor, a modern and elegant mansion in a highly
ornamented demesne : Busherstown, originally called
Bouchardstown, is also a handsome residence. The
church service is performed twice every Sunday in the
school-house, there being no church in the parish ;
there are a Roman Catholic chapel, and a dispensary
estabhshed in 18'26.
MONEYMORE, a market and post town, partly in
the parish of Desertlyn, but chiefly in that of Ard-
trea, union of Magherafelt, barony of Loughin-
SHOLiN, county of Londonderry, and province of
Ulster, 24 miles (S.) from Coleraine, and 91 (N.) from
Dublin, on the road to Coleraine ; containing 942 inha-
bitants. This place, which is one of the oldest post-
towns in the country, is noticed by Pynnar, in his
Survey of Ireland, as consisting of an ancient castle,
which he describes as a fine building, and of six good
houses of stone and lime ; the whole supplied with
water conveyed by pipes to the castle, and to each of
the houses, from a well near the limestone-quarry at
Spring Hill. Cormick O'Hagan, a follower of Sir Phe-
lim O'Nial, took the castle by stratagem in 1641 ; and
it remained for a long time in the possession of the in-
surgents, by whom it was subsequently dismantled.
Sir Phelim, some time after, rendezvoused his troops
at this place, whence he marched to plunder the house
of Lissan, then the property and residence of Sir Thomas
Staples. The castle, which was one of the most perfect
in Ireland, was taken down about the year 1*60, to
afford room for a small public-house ; and only some
portions of the walls are at present remaining. In
lowering the high street and the hills some years since,
several of the old water-pipes were discovered; the
wood crumbled into dust, but the iron hoops were in
a tolerably perfect state : some more of the pipes were
found in trenching a field adjoining the spring, proving
the accuracy of Pynnar's statement.
The TOWN consists of two principal and five smaller
streets, and contains 159 houses, very neatly built, and
several others now in progress of erection. About a
quarter of a mile above it is Spring Hill, a mansion
more than 200 years old, situated in grounds tastefully
arranged and commanding some varied scenery; the
demesne is enriched with remarkably fine beech, oak,
ash, and fir trees, and close to the house is a fine cedar.
A very elegant house has been lately built by Rowley
Miller, Esq., agent of the Drapers' Company ; and the
glebe-house, built in 1831 by the Hon. and Rev. J. P.
Hewitt, is a handsome residence : Desertlyn Cottage
is pleasantly situated, and the grounds tastefully laid
out.
The surrounding district has been greatly improved
by the Drapers' Company, the proprietors, since 1817,
when, on the expiration of a lease granted to Sir W.
Rowley, the estates returned into their possession, and
from which year they have been managed under their
M O N E
M O \ I
superintendence. The annual rent roll is £10,300, the
whole of which is expended by the company in the im-
provement of the country generally, and more especially
of their own property. They have planted more than
800 statute acres ; and have completed more than .")0
Irish miles of good road at their own expense, for the
convenience of their tenantry : they have expended
more than £1000 in the erection of bridges, and are
about to plant 800 acres of mountainous land, in addi-
tion to the former plantations. The company have thus
not only added to the improvement and embellishment
of the district, but have contributed greatly to the bene-
fit of the poor by affording employment to the indus-
trious ; and they still give directions to their agents to
afford employment to all that may stand in need of it.
The system of agriculture has been much improved
under the auspices of the North- West Farming Society;
there is little or no waste land, and scarcely sufficient
bog to supply the inhabitants with fuel. Here are
many limestone-quarries, from which lime is procured,
chiefly for manure ; sandstone and freestone of good
quality abound, and from the quarries of the latter was
raised the stone for the erection of the new church :
coal has also been found near the surface, and about
twelve years since an attempt was made to explore the
vein, but without success. The linen manufacture is
carried on extensively throughout the district ; and
there is a considerable traffic by means of Lough Neagh,
which is within four miles of the town, and across which
merchandise brought by the canal from Belfast and
Newry is conveyed to Port Ballyronan, where corn,
butter, and other agricultural produce of this neighbour-
hood, are shipped for exportation to Liverpool and other
English ports.
The Provincial Bank has a branch here. The market
is on Monday; and fairs are held on the 'Jlst of each
month, at which, in addition to horses, cows, swine,
sheep, and agricultural produce, large quantities of linen
are sold. These are the largest linen-fairs in the north
of Ireland ; the sales, on an average, amount to £40,000
per annum. An additional linen-market, established in
183.5, is held on the first Monday in every month ; it is
well attended, and promises to equal the other linen-fairs
in the extent of its sales. The market and court house,
and the linen-hall, erected in 1818, are neat and well-
arranged buildings ; and near them is a handsome hotel,
erected about the same time. A new market-place and
a spacious corn-store were lately erected, a little off the
main street, which diminish the pressure of the people
on market and fair days ; and here corn, potatoes,
butchcrs'-meat, and other articles, are exposed for sale.
A constabulary police force is stationed in the town ;
petty-sessions are held on alternate Tuesdays, and a
court for the manor once every month, in which debts
to the amount of -iOs. late currency are recoverable.
The manor is co-extensive with the whole estates be-
longing to the Drapers' Company, which include portions
of the several parishes of Arboe, Ardtrea, Ballynascreen,
Derryloran, Desertlyn, Desertmartin, Kilcronaghan,
Lissan, Maghera, and Tamlaght. This estate comprises
64 townlands ; nine of them are native freeholds, each
paying a chief-rent to the company, and seven out of
the nine are in the parish of Kilcronaghan.
The parish church of Desertlyn, situated in the town,
is a very handsome structure in the Norman style,
351
erected in 1332, at an expense of £6000, wholly defrayed
by the Drapers' Company. There are also a Roman
Catholic chapel, towards the rebuilding of which the
same company contributed £'230 ; a place of worship
for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assem-
bly, built by the company at an expense of £4000 ; and
one for those till lately in connexion with the Seceding
Synod, built on ground presented by the company, who
also contributed £'250 towards its erection. Two large
school-houses, with residences for a master and mistress,
were built in the town in IS'iO, and are supported by
the Drapers' Company, who also have built and support
four in the rural parts of their estate ; the masters have
each a salary of £50 and the mistresses of £35 per
annum, with a house rent-free and a supply of fuel.
Two dispensaries, with houses for resident surgeons,
were built and are supported by the company, one here
and one at Draperstown, for the benefit of their tenantry ;
and two county dispensaries at the same places were
also erected, and are solely supported, by the company,
for the benefit of such inhabitants of the surrounding
district as do not reside on their estates. The company
allow £1000 per annum for the maintenance of the
schools and dispensaries, which are regulated by a Board
of Governors, consisting of the clergy of all denomina-
tions, the resident gentry of the neighbourhood, and the
respectable farmers on the estate. There are several
Danish forts in the parish, two of which, on the town-
land of Tulnagee, are in a perfect state ; and ad-
joining the lineu-hall are some slight vestiges of the
ancient castle.
MONEYPOINT, Clare.— See Killeymur.
MONIMOLIN.— See Monomolin.
MONIVAE, or Abbert, a market-town and parish,
in the union of Tuam, partly in the barony of Clare,
partly in that of Kilconnell, but chiefly in the barony
of Tyaquin, county of Galway, and province of Con-
naught, 7i miles (N.) from Craughwell, and 90 (\v.)
from Dublin, on the road from Galway to Castle-Blake-
ney, and on the river Tyaquin ; containing 4810 inha-
bitants, of whom 305 are in the town. The parish
comprises '21,93'23: statute acres, one-third of which is
good land, and the remainder of indifferent quality ;
there are very large tracts of waste and bog, of which
the greater portion could be readily reclaimed. The
town, which is 14 miles distant from Galway, consists
of 48 houses ; has a sub-post-office ; and is a consta-
bulary police station. The market is held on Thursday,
and is well supplied with all kinds of provisions ; fairs
are held on May l'2th and October l'2th. The principal
seats in the neighbourhood are, Monivae Castle, Tyaquin,
Abbert, Rye Hill, Belleville, Hyde Park, Bengarra, and
Curandow. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the
diocese of Tuam, and in the patronage of the Rector of
Athenry : the income of the perpetual curate is £92. 6.,
derived from £60 charged on the living of Athenry, and
£3'2. 6. paid by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners out of
Primate Boulter's Augmentation fund. The church is a
neat edifice, built in I76I, and is in tolerably good
repair : the congregation numbers about '200 persons.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in
the union or district of Athenry, and partly in that of
Abbeyknockmoy ; in each portion is a well-built chapel.
A school at Monivae, under the National Board, has 130
Roman Catholic and 75 Protestant children ; it is aided
M O N K
MONK
by Robert French, Esq., proprietor of the village, and
by the incumbents of Athenry and Monivae. There is
a dispensary. In the demesne of Tyaquin are the ruins
of an old castle ; and an inscription on a stone in the
old chapel, purports that it covers the remains of Hob-
bert Burke, Earl of Ulster, Lord of Connaught, Viscount
Galvvay, and Baron Tyaquin. Here is a chalybeate spa,
on the properties of which Dr. Macartney wrote a
treatise.
MONKNEVVTOWN, a parish, in the union of
Drogheda, barony of Upper Slane, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 2i miles (E. by N.) from
Slane, on the road to Drogheda ; containing 824 inhabi-
tants. It comprises 3673| statute acres ; is bounded
on the south by the river Boyne ; and on the north-
east is separated by the Mattock from the parish of Tul-
loghallen (in the county of Louth), of which, in the
ecclesiastical divisions, it is considered to form a part.
The land is in general of excellent quality, and is nearly
equally divided between tillage and pasture ; the pasture
in the vicinity of New Grange is of the very best de-
scription. On the river Mattock is an extensive flour-
mill, partly propelled by steam ; and the canal from Dro-
gheda to Navan passes through the southern part of the
parish. In the Roman Catholic divisions it forms part
of the district of Grangegeeth ; the chapel, a neat
structure, is near the ruins of the church. At New
Grange is a remarkable vestige of antiquity, consisting
of a mound surrounded by a circle of upright stones, and
in which is a vaulted cave in the form of a cross : it is
described in the article on Slane.
MONKSGRANGE.— See Grange.
MONKSLAND, or Monkstown, a parish, in the
barony of DECiES-without-DRUM, union and county of
Waterford, and province of Munster, 3 miles (S. S. E.)
from Kilmacthomas, and on the river Mahon ; contain-
ing le'^ inhabitants. It comprises 2118 statute acres ;
and is a rectory, in the diocese of Lismore, forming part
of the union of Innislonnagh : the tithe rent-charge is
£S4. The church was lately built, at a cost of £900 ;
it serves as a chapel of ease to Innislonnagh.
MONKSTOWN, a parish, in the barony of Kerry-
currihy, union and county of Cork, and province of
Munster, on the new line of road from Passage to
Cork, and on the shore of the river Lee, at its confluence
with the sea in Cork harbour ; containing, with part of
the post-town of Passage-West, 2138 inhabitants, of
whom ,538 are in the village of Monkstown. It derives
its name from a small establishment of Benedictine
monks, called Legan Abbey, belonging to the priory
of St. John's, Waterford, and which was formed here in
the fourteenth century, on a grant of land made to the
original establishment by the family of McCarthy, being
part of their manor of Marniullane ; of the buildings
there are no traces. A house in the Elizabethan style
was built on the side of a glen, in 1636, by Eustace
Gould, and is called Monkstown Castle. It is a gloomy
structure, and was once rented by the government
for barracks, but is now used as a store-house by the
proprietor, or lessee, under Lords Longford and De
Vesci, who, by the marriages of two heiresses, became
possessed of this property, which had been forfeited by
the Archdeacons, or Goulds, from their attachment to
the cause of James II. in the Revolution of 1688. The
PARISH is bounded on the east and south-east by the
352
Lee and the harbour of Cove; it comprises 1541 statute
acres, of which about 100 are scattered woodland and
ornamental grounds, 60 rock, and the remainder arable
and pasture. The land is moderately well cultivated,
though at a great expense, and, being fertile, is pro-
ductive of good crops of corn and grass. The rocks are
of clay-slate, and, near Carrigmahon, are precipitous and
interesting ; the steepest is called the Giant's Stairs,
being a rocky promontory with receding ledges of rock,
having the appearance of a rude staircase when viewed
from the opposite bank of the Lee. There are several
quarries of a red and brown stone, useful for many
purposes ; the former kind is chiefly used for lining
limekilns. The river affords every facility for water
carriage, and here is excellent anchorage for vessels of
all sizes.
The village, which has a receiving-house for letters in
connexion with Cork, comprises a great number of de-
tached villas and cottages, many of them new and very
handsome, particularly some beautiful marine villas re-
cently built close to the shore ; these are constructed
in the pure Elizabethan style, and are chiefly occupied
by respectable families as bathing-lodges, for which the
village is most favourably situated. A number of houses
have been lately added, and several others are in course
of erection. The village is built on the sides of a deep
glen thickly clothed with thriving plantations, much
increasing the natural beauty of the scene : the prospect
is very extensive, taking in the woods of Ballybricken,
Rostellan, and Prospect ; the islands of Hawlbowline, the
Rock, and Spike, with their numerous forts, depots,
arsenals, and magazines ; Ringskiddy, crowned by its
martello tower ; and the vessels in the harbour. Among
the elegant residences scattered over the parish are
Monkstown Castle, Rock Lodge, Carrigmahon, Rock-
ville, Bellevue, and the glebe-house ; besides several
very beautiful houses in the portion of the town of
Passage that is in the parish, which, by means of the
new road, has become one place with Passage. This
road was designed by Robert Shaw, Esq. ; it winds
round the base of all the bold and wooded hills, only a
few feet above the level of the highest tides, uniting
Cork, Douglas, Passage, Monkstown, Carrigaline, and
Kinsale : the estimated cost was £2*00, one-third of
which was to be paid by the barony, the remainder by
the county.
The LIVING is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cork,
and in the patronage of Lord De Vesci : the income of
the vicar is £50 per annum, payable out of the estate of
Monkstown. The glebe-house, with three acres of land,
is held by lease for ever from Robt. B. Shaw, Esq., at
£25 per annum ; and the incumbent is therefore allowed
£12. 10. half-yearly from Primate Boulter's fund, as an
augmentation of salary. The church, which stands
on a picturesque elevation, is a cruciform edifice in
the early English style, with a tower and spire, "0
feet high, at the east end : it was built of hewn lime-
stone, in 1832, at an expense of £1500, raised by sub-
scriptions from the patrons and others ; S. Hollings-
worth, Esq., contributed £350, and the noble pro-
prietors of the estate £100. It contains a fine organ
and gallery ; the west window is of stained glass,
exhibiting the armorial bearings of the principal sub-
scribers. The bell has on it this inscription : " Monks-
town Protestant church, erected by voluntary contribu-
M O N K
M O N ()
tions, collected in Ireland and England by Gcrrard
Callaghan, Esq., M. P. for Cork, and the Rev. A. G. H.
Iloliingsworth : the first Protestant church erected
since the Reformation. Lord Longford and Lord De
Vesci gave the endowment ; Gerrard Callaghan, Esq.,
M. P. for Cork, first commenced the subscription, and
gave the groun<l for the church ; Robert Shaw, Esq., of
Monkstown, gave the glebe in perpetuity. A. G. H.
HoUingsworth, the first Protestant incumbent ; William
Hill of Cork, architect. The church completed March,
1832. Robert Shaw and Wm. Andrews, churchwar-
dens." In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
annexed to West Passage and part of Carrigaline, the
parishioners attending the chapel at Shanbally. The
parochial and infants' schools are in Passage ; they were
founded by subscription in 1836, on land presented by
W. Parker, Esq., to be held so long as they shall con-
tinue scriptural schools : the parochial school-house is
very handsome. A parochial library has been established
for the use of the poor, and an Indigent Room-Keepers'
Society has been formed ; both are supported by sub-
scriptions. There is a bequest of £10 per annum, made
by Airs. Andrews, to the church, to commence after the
decease of her husband. Within the demesne of
Monkstown Castle, on the side of the glen, are the ruins
of a small chapel, which was the last retreat of a few
monks from the abbey of St. Mary, Bath : it was sub-
sequently repaired and appropriated by the Archdeacon
family, as a domestic chapel. Numerous Danish forts,
or raths, are scattered over the parish ; and on an
elevated situation is a circle of large stones, partly sunk
in the earth, and placed upright, supposed to be the re-
mains of a Druidical altar. Crystals of Irish diamond,
very clear and transparent, are occasionally found here;
and there is a chalybeate spring.
MONKSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Rath-
down, partly in the barony of Dublin, but chiefly in
the barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 5 miles (S. E.) from Dublin, on the
road to Bray by Kingstown ; containing, with the town
of Kingstown and the village of Blackrock (both of
which are separately described), 13,143 inhabitants.
The parish is pleasantly situated on the bay of Dublin,
and comprises 2051 5 statute acres, of which a large
portion is in demesnes and pleasure-grounds. The
scenery is beautifully diversified, and the neighbourhood
thickly studded with handsome seats and pleasing villas,
most of which command fine views of the bay and the
adjacent country. Of these, the principal are, Monks-
town Castle, a modern house, in the grounds of which
are the ruins of two ancient castles of unknown origin ;
Rockville, Bloomsbury, Windsor, Ashton Park, IMonks-
town House, Somerset, Rochford, Ranelagh House,
Easton Lodge, Richview Priory, Thornhill, Cromwell
Lodge, 80c. The Dublin and Kingstown railway passes
from Blackrock to Kingstown along the coast of this
parish. The living is a rectory and curacy, in the
diocese of Dublin ; the rectory till lately united to those
of Kill, Dalkey, Killiney, and Tullow, together consti-
tuting the corps of the deanery of Christ Church, Dub-
lin, in the patronage of the Crown ; and the curacy
united to the curacies of the same parishes, forming the
union of Monkstown, till lately in the patronage of the
Dean. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £153. '.,
the whole payable to the curate ; the dean received two-
YoL. il.— 353
thirds of the tithe of the other parishes in the union,
the remaining third only being paid to the curate. The
glebe-house is a neat building, and there are two glebes,
comprising together 16 acres. The church was rebuilt
in the later English style, in 183*2, at a cost of nearly
£10,000, of which £5000 were a loan from the Board
of First I'Vuits, and the remainder donations and sub-
scriptions : the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently
granted £'2l6 towards its repair. There are five chapels
of ease, one at Blackrock, two at Kingstown, one at Bul-
lock, and one at Killiney. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the greater part of the parish is within the dis-
trict of Kingstown. There is a place of worship for
the Society of Friends. The Rathdown dispensary, in
this parish, was established in 1812, and from that time
till June, 1835, afforded relief to 28,424 patients; in
connexion with it an hospital was erected in 1834, con-
taining four wards with eight beds in each, and apart-
ments for the requisite attendants : it is situated in a
healthy spot, nearly in the centre of the barony, and
is supported by subscription. There are some re-
mains of the ancient church ; and near the village of
Glasthule, is a curious roeking-stone of very large dimen-
sions.
MONKSTOWN, or Mountown, a parish, in the
union of Navan, barony of Skreen, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S. E. by S.) from
Navan, on the road to Duleek by Black-Lion ; contain-
ing 460 inhabitants. It comprises 8/0 statute acres ;
and is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, entirely im-
propriate in Mrs. C. Reynell : the tithe rent-charge is
£113. 5. In the Roman Catholic divisions it forms
part of the district of Johnstown.
MONMOHENNOCK, or Dunmanogue, a parish,
in the union of Athy, barony of Kilkea and Moone,
county of Kildare, and province of Leinster, 3 miles
(S. W.) from Castledermot ; containing 625 inhabitants.
This parish comprises 2961 statute acres. It is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, forming
the corps of the prebend of Monmohennock in the
cathedral of St. Patrick's, and part of the union of
Castledermot : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£150, and the gross annual value of the prebend is
£172. 10. In the Roman Catholic divisions it is part
of the district of Castledermot : a neat chapel has been
erected here. There are some very small remains of the
abbey of Dunmanogue.
MONOMOLIN, or Monomoling, a parish, partly
in the barony of Ballaghkeen, but chiefly in that of
GoREY, union of Gorey, county of Wexford, and
province of Leinster, 8 miles (S. by W.) from Gorey,
on the old road from that place to 'Wexford ; contain-
ing 2156 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Awen-
o-varra, by which it is partly bounded on the east ; and
comprises 8508^ statute acres, chiefly under tillage ;
within its limits is a quarry of good building-stone. The
living is a rectory and perpetual curacy, in the diocese
of Ferns : the rectory is part of the union of Leskinfere
and the corps of the treasurership of Ferns ; the curacy,
formed in 1822, is in the patronage of the Treasurer.^
The tithe rent-charge is £345. 15., of which £300. 15.
are payable to the rector, and £45 to the curate ; the
latter sum being the amount of the tithe of the town-
lands of Clone and Curratabbin, with which the curacy
was endowed by the incumbent. The glebe-house was
2 Z
MOON
built in IS^o, by aid of a gift of £450 and a loan of £50
from the Board of First Fruits, and, together with a
glebe of '26 acres, is attached to the curacy. The church
is a neat structure, towards the erection of which the
same Board granted a loan of £1000 in 1827 ; and the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately gave £15-1 for its
repair. In the Roman Cathohc divisions the parish is
partly in the district of Monageer, but chiefly in that of
Litter : the chapel is at Monomolin.
MONSEA, or JIountsea, a parish, in the barony
of Lower Ormond, county of Tipperary, and pro-
vince of MrNSTER, ^ miles (N. W.) from Nenagh ; on
the road to Dromineer, and near the river Shannon ;
containing 1744 inhabitants. It comprises about 6483
statute acres, chiefly in tillage ; the land is in general
good, limestone abounds, and the state of agriculture is
much improved. There is a small portion of wet or
bottom land. Great facility for the transport of agri-
culture and other produce is afforded by the steam-boats
of the Inland Navigation Company, one of whose sta-
tions is in the adjoining parish of Dromineer. The
seats are, Richmond, situated in a handsome and well-
planted demesne ; Tullaghmore ; and Rockfort. The
parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killa-
loe, each forming a distinct benefice, and both in the
gift of the Bishop : of the tithe rent-charge, amounting
to £311. 11., two-thirds are payable to the rector, and
the remainder to the vicar. There is a glebe comprising
8«. Ir. ; also a glebe-house, erected in 1813, by aid of a
gift of £400, and a loan of £308, from the late Board
of First Fruits. The church is a plain structure with a
tower, built in 1799 by aid of a gift of £500, and re-
paired in 1818 by a loan of £50 from the same Board.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head
of a district, comprising also the parishes of Killo-
diernan, Dromineer, Knigh, and Cloghprior, and con-
taining two chapels : that of Monsea is a handsome
modern building, situated at Carrick ; the other is in
Killodiernan. At Ballyartella are some vestiges of the
ancient castle of that name.
MONTIAGHS.— See Moyntaghs.
MONTPELIER, a village, in the parish of Strad-
BALLY, union of Limerick, barony of Clanwilliam,
county of Limerick, and province ofMuNSTER; con-
taining 87 houses, and 505 inhabitants.
MOONE, a parish, in the union of Athy, partly in
the barony of East Ophaly, and partly in that of
Narragh and Rheban East, but chiefly in the barony
of Kilkea and Moone, county of Kildare, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 2 miles (S. by W.) from Ballytore,
and on the coach-road from Dublin to Carlow ; contain-
ing 1591 inhabitants, of whom 234 are in the village.
This parish comprises 728 if statute acres: the soil is
tolerably good, and agriculture improving ; the land is^
chiefly under tillage, with some e.xcellent pasture. There
are quarries of good grey-stone, used for building. The
village consists of 47 houses : here are extensive mills,
capable of grinding 15,000 bags of flour annually, and
adjoining which is an elegant residence in the Eliza-
bethan style. Moone Abbey, a handsome seat, takes its
name from a monastery of the order of St. Francis,
near which it is situated ; and on the summit of a
neighbouring hill are the remains of a lung narrow
church, supposed to have belonged to that establish-
ment. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin,
354
MOOR
forming part of the union of Timolin ; the rectory is
appropriate to the economy fund of the cathedral of St.
Patrick, Dublin. The tithe rent-charge is £283. 10.,
of which £189 are payable to the economy fund, and
the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Moone is part of the district of Castledermot ;
the chapel is a large cruciform structure, in the village.
There are remains of an ancient castle, supposed to have
been built by one of the first English adventurers, on
the bank of the river, above which, one tower yet stand-
ing forms a conspicuous object. Little of the history
of this castle is known. It received considerable injury
during the disturbances of 1798 ; but part of the build-
ing is preserved in a habitable condition. Near the
ruins of the Franciscan monastery is a very curious
stone cross ; and at a short distance is an artificial
mount, in which Counsellor Ash was interred by his
own desire, and which has since been planted, and in-
closed with a wall.
MOORE, a parish, in the union of Ballinasloe,
half-barony of Moycarnon, county of Roscommon,
and province of Connaught, 25 miles (E.) from Bal-
linasloe ; on the road to Athlone, and on the rivers
Shannon and Suck ; containing 4608 inhabitants. Dis-
turbances have occasionally occurred of late years at
this place, which has been the scene of many outrages.
The parish comprises 21,013^ statute acres, chiefly
arable, but poor land ; there are about 100 acres of bog,
easily reclaimable, as there is a fall into the Shannon
and Suck, which latter river merges into the Shannon
at right angles at Shannon-Bridge. Good limestone is
abundant. Petty-sessions are held at Ballydangan every
Thursday, and there is a constabulary police station ;
about a mile from which, at TuUy House, is a chief
station. The principal seats are Clonburn, Falta,
Thomastown Park, Castle Park, Birch Grove, Killawn,
Woodpark, Kilbegley, Correen, two residences at Shan-
non-Bridge, and Dromalga Cottage. The living is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, episcopally
united to the vicarage of Drum, and in the patronage
of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£168. 7. 6., of which £9 are payable to the dean of
Clonfert ; and the gross tithe of the benefice is £226. 1*. 6.
There is neither glebe-house nor glebe. The church is
a neat building, erected in 1825, by a gift of £900 from
the late Board of First Fruits : the basement is ap
propriated as a residence for the sexton's family. The
Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the
Established Church, and contains a chapel at Clonfad
and another at Moore. At Clonburn, Moore, and Kil-
begley, are ruins of churches with burial-grounds at-
tached.
MOORECHURCH, a parish, in the union of Dro-
Gheda, barony of Upper Duleek, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 4 miles (X. W.) from Bal-
briggan, on the coach-road from Dublin to Drogheda ;
containing 1007 inhabitants. The parish comprises
5290|- statute acres, of which two-thirds are arable,
nearly one-third pasture, and about 56 acres woods and
plantations. Agriculture has greatly improved ; the
land in the eastern part of the parish is of very superior
quality, and noted for the neatness of the hedgerows.
Near Dardistown is a good flour and corn mill ; and in
the vicinity is a small tuck-mill. The principal seats
are Dardistown Castle, Mosney House, Claremount,
M O R N
M O RT
Mooiechurch, and Claristown. The coast is here a
broad shallow strand : in view are the Cargee rocks,
dry at half-tide, and on which a beacon is fixed. The
parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, forming
part of the union of Julianstown ; the rectory is impro-
priate in George Pepper, Esq. The tithe rent-charge
is £41'2. 10., of which £337. 10. are payable to the im-
propriator, and £75 to the vicar ; the glebe comprises
9^ acres, valued at £58. 18. 6. per annum. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions Moorechurch is part of the dis-
trict of Stamullen ; there is a neat chapel at Sarsfields-
town, where also are remains of an ancient stone
cross. Ruins of the church exist; and in the burial-
ground is a tombstone to the memory of Jane Sars-
field. Dowager Baroness of Dunsaney, who died in
1597.
MOORGAGA, a parish, in the union of Ballin-
ROBE, barony of Kilmai.v, county of Mayo, and pro-
vince of CoNNAUGHT, 5^ milcs (.X.) from Headford, on
the road to Ballinrobe ; containing 6'27 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 1/89^ statute acres, of arable and
pasture laud. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Tuam, forming part of the union of Kilmain-
more : the tithe rent-charge is £41. 5. In the Roman
Catholic divisions INIoorgaga is part of the district of
Kilmain. From the fine ruins of the abbey of Kill
(part of the possessions of the Benedictines in the 12th
century), situated near the border of a small lake, an
extensive and interesting view is obtained.
MORA, or MoouESTOWN, a parish, in the union
of Cashel, barony of Middlethird, county of Tip-
PERARY, and province of Munster, 3 miles (\V. by S.)
from Fethard ; containing 898 inhabitants, and com-
prising 36'23 statute acres. The living is a rectory, in
the diocese of Lismore, being the corps of the prebend
of Mora in the cathedral of Lismore, and in the patron-
age of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £194. 11.
A school is aided by the rector : the school-house was
built bv subscription.
MORAKSTOWN.— See Almoritia.
MORGANS, a parish, in the union of Rathkeale,
barony of Lower Connello, county of Limerick, and
province of Munster, 4 miles (W.) from Askeaton, and
on the road from Limerick to Tarbert ; containing 564
inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the
southern bank of the Shannon, comprises 1"2'2S statute
acres : the land is generally fertile, but, being much
subdivided into small holdings, is badly cultivated ; it
produces, however, good corn and potato crops, and
some of the low lands afford excellent pasture. In the
Shannon are several islands ; and near the banks of the
river is the seat of Mount Pleasant. Morgans is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, forming part of the
union of Nantinan, and of the corps of the precentor-
ship of Limerick ; the rectory is appropriate to the
vicars-choral of Limerick. The tithe rent-charge is
£40. 10., two-thirds payable to the lessees of the appro-
priators, and one-third to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Shanagolden. There are extensive ruins of the parish
church, called Templemuireguiedan, originally erected
by the Knights Templars, and rebuilt by the Franciscan
monks of Askeaton in 1496.
MORNINGTON, formerly a parish, now merged
into CoLPE, in the union of Drogheda barony of
355
Lower Duleek, county of Meath, and province of
Leinster; on the southern bank of the river Boyne,
and near the entrance of the harbour of Drogheda,
2 miles (E.) from Drogheda; containing 1S8 inhabit-
ants. This place is enumerated among the possessions
of the abbey of Colpe, at the Dissolution, as " the farm
ofWeisley." It is now merely a fishing-village, con-
sisting of 46 houses ; a bridge over a stream which
empties itself into the Boyne ; and a small Roman
Catholic chapel, belonging to the union of St. Mary's,
Drogheda. Here are the ruins of a church, with a
turret at the west end pierced for two bells. On the
coast are two very remarkable towers, called " the
Lady's Finger" and "the Maiden Tower;" the former
bears rather the appearance of a monumental column,
having a square base from which rises a round tapering
shaft terminating in a cone above a band of masonry.
The latter is much higher, and no less remarkable for
its slender proportions ; it is surmounted by battle-
ments, and is supposed to have been erected in the
reign of Elizabeth, as a beacon to the port of Drogheda.
Mornington gives the titles of Earl and Baron to the
Wellesleys.
MOROE, a village, in the parish of Abington,
union of Limerick, barony of Owneybeg, county of
Limerick, and province of Munster ; containing 57
houses, and 311 inhabitants.
MORRISTOWN-BILLER, a parish, in the union
of Naas, barony of Connell, county of Kildare, and
province of Leinster, 1 mile (W.) from Newbridge ;
on the coach-road from Dublin to Limerick, and on the
river Liffey ; containing 1394 inhabitants. This parish
comprises 3672^ statute acres, chiefly under tillage,
with 40 acres of common, and a large tract of the Bog
of Allen. The improved system of agriculture having
been generally adopted, the land is in good condition ;
fuel is plentifully obtained from the neighbouring bogs ;
and brick clay is found here. Moorefield House is a
handsome mansion. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Kildare, and in the patronage of the Crown ;
it is episcopally united to the rectory of Old Connell,
which union is called Morristown-Billcr and Old Con-
nell. A great portion of the parish is tithe-free ; of the
remainder, the tithe rent-charge is £63. 15.; and the
entire value of the benefice is £168. 15. The glebe-
house was built by a gift of £450, and a loan of £170,
from the Board of First Fruits, in 1831. The church
is a small edifice in the early English stj'le, built in
1828, by a gift of £900, and a loan of £300, from the
same Board ; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
recently granted £287 for repairs. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of
Newbridge.
MORTLESTO'VN^N, a parish, in the union of Clogh-
EEN, barony of Iffa and Offa, county of Tipperary,
and province of Munster, I5 mile (X. by E.) from
Cahir, on the road to Cashel ; containing 573 inhabit-
ants, and comprising 1839 statute acres. It is a rec-
tory, in the diocese of Lismore, forming part of the
union of Outragh ; the tithe rent-charge is £112. 10.
An improper presentation to this benefice was one of
the charges brought against the Earl of Strafford, when
impeached by the English parhament. Here are the
ruins of a castle, which appears to have been of con-
siderable extent.
2 Z2
MOTH
MOTH
MOSSIDE, a village, in the grange of Drumtal-
LAGH, union of Ballycastle, barony of Carey, county
of Antrim, and province of Ulster; containing 1*3
inhabitants. It consists of 40 houses, and has a re-
ceiving-house for letters in connexion with Ballycastle
and Ballymoney.
IMOSSTOWN, a parish, in the barony of Ardee,
county of Louth, and province of Leinster, 2 miles
(S. W.) from Dunleer, on the road to Collon ; contain-
ing 1437 inhabitants. It comprises SSl/f statute
acres, chiefly in tillage, and under an improved system
of agriculture. Rathescar, the seat of the late Hon.
Baron Foster (formerly belonging to a branch of the
Barnewall family), is a spacious mansion, erected on
the site of an ancient castle. The baron erected an
excellent observatory, which, being raised to a con-
siderable height above the house, forms a conspicuous
object at a distance, and commands extensive views :
the gardens and hot-houses are of the first character ;
and the demesne, which comprises about 480 statute
acres, is well planted, tastefully disposed, and embel-
lished with a fine sheet of water. The parish is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh, forming
part of the union of Collon : the tithe rent-charge is
£186. 11. 3., and there is a glebe of three acres, valued
at £.5. 9. 10. per annum. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is part of the district of Dunleer, and
has a chapel at Philipstown.
MOSTRIM. — See Edgeworthstown.
MOTHELL, a parish, in the union of Kilkenny,
partly in the barony of Gowran, but chiefly in the
barony of Fassadining, county of KiLKENN,y, and
province of Leixster, 4 miles (S. byW.) from Castle-
comer ; on the road to Kilkenny, and on the river
Dinin ; containing 2586 inhabitants. The parish com-
prises 7092 statute acres. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, episcopally united,
from time immemorial, to the rectory of Kilmodumoge,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-
charge of Mothell is £278. 3. 5., and that of the whole
union £396. 12. 5. The glebe-house was built by a
gift of £100, and a loan of £550, from the Board of
First Fruits, in 1807 ; the glebe comprises 34 acres.
The church was built by aid of a gift of £500, in 1794,
from the same Board, which also granted a loan of
£200 for enlarging it, in 1814; and the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners recently granted £345 for repairs. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Muckalee, and has a chapel at Lisnafun-
chin. The celebrated cave of Dunmore is in this pa-
rish : the entrance to it is on the slope of a gentle hill
to the south of the church. It consists of several sub-
terranean apartments, the first being of large dimen-
sions and irregular shape, and fifty feet high ; a narrow
passage thence diverges into another large room, from
which winding passages lead into others. The whole
IS in the limestone rock, the bold and mysterious
masses of which, darkly shewn by the torches of the
visiter, are adorned by a countless variety of stalactites
formed by the water that constantly percolates through
the roof. A stream of water runs through the cavern ;
near which many skulls and bones enveloped in calcare-
ous spar have been found. In the vicinity are the ruins
of a castle and a church ; also of a very large rath, en-
compassed by three ramparts.
356
MOTHELL, or Mothel, a parish, in the union of
Carrick-on-Suir, barony of Upperthird, county of
Waterford, and province of Munster, 3 miles (S. by
E.) from Carrick; containing 3723 inhabitants. St.
Brogan founded here an abbey, of which he was the
first abbot ; and was succeeded by St. Coan : it is
thought to have been a house of Canons Regular of the
order of St. Augustine, though some say of Cistercian
monks. The abbey and its possessions were surren-
dered in the 31st of Henry VIII., and two years after-
wards were granted to a family named Butler and Peter
Power, at the annual rent of £6. 4. The parish com-
prises 17,641 statute acres of arable land, and 3000 of
mountain : all the western part is occupied by the
mountains of Cummeragh, extending from the river
Suir southward to the neighbourhood of Dungarvan,
and forming an irregular chain of heights, the sides of
which are extremely wild and precipitous, and present,
even from a distance, striking masses of light and
shade. These lonely mountains, rarely visited but by
the sportsman and the summer tourist, every where
afford romantic and even sublime scenery. They are
composed almost entirely of argillaceous schistus of
different qualities, in vertical beds, together with a slaty
conglomerate : close-grained white, grey, and red sand-
stone, and veins of quartz, occur, with porphyritic rocks,
and indications of iron, particularly iron glance. There
are several lakes on the summits of the mountains, the
scenery around which is highly picturesque, and in
some parts magnificent ; they are called the Cummer-
loughs and the Stillogues, and in the former a remark-
ably fine species of trout is found. In descending from
this elevated situation to the Suir, the change is re-
markably striking, as the country, in parts, assumes
a great degree of softness and richness. Near one of
the Cummeragh mountains are the village and castle of
Clonea, which latter is a perfect specimen of an ancient
fortified residence, consisting of a quadrangular building
of great height, divided into several stories approached
by a flight of stairs within the walls : the watch-tower
commands a magnificent prospect. The keep was for-
merly surrounded by a strong wall inclosing a square
area, with circular towers at each angle and a moat out-
side ; two of the towers can be distinctly traced. The
plantations on the banks of the river Clodagh, which
flows close to the castle, give additional interest to the
scene.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore,
episcopally united in 1800 to the vicarages of Rathgor-
muck and Fews, and in the patronage of the Duke of
Devonshire, in whom the rectory is impropriate : the
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £642, of which £237
are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to
the vicar ; the gross vicarial rent-charge of the benefice
is £634. The glebe-house was erected by aid of a gift
of £100, and a loan of £900, in 1818, from the late
Board of First Fruits : the parochial glebe comprises
2^: acres. The church is a neat edifice with a tower,
built by aid of a loan of £600 from the same Board, in
1817; for its repair the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
recently granted £115. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions this parish and Rathgormuck are called the dis-
trict of Rathgormuck and Mothell ; in each is a chapel.
The ruins of the ancient abbey cover a large extent of
ground : what appear to have been the south and west
MOUN
walls of the conventual church are standing ; in the
latter a beautiful Norman arch, about ]'i feet high, now
partly built up, opens into a small square chamber.
Six remarkably sculptured stones, inserted in different
parts of the wall, present rude historical reliefs, and the
rest are figures of the Apostles. These stones were part
of the tomb of an ecclesiastic, whose name, Maurice
Omenane, appears on the top stone in the churchyard,
though the date is nearly obliterated ; the sculptured
parts were put up in the place they now occupy about
the year 1 S'26. In the small building above mentioned,
which is set apart for the interment of particular fami-
lies, are some curious ancient memorials, and several
modern tombs of neighbouring families. Here is an
ancient moat from which the parish is said to derive its
name. In the river Clodagh a species of muscle is
found, frequently containing pearls of a pale-blue
colour.
MOUNT-BELLEW-BRIDGE, a market-town, in
the parish of Moylough, union of Ballinasloe, ba-
rony of KiLLiAN, county of Galway, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, 5 milcs (N. \V.) from Castle-Blakency, and
on the road from Tuam to Ballinasloe ; containing 335
inhabitants. This place is remarkably clean and neat,
and most of the houses have shops. An excellent mar-
ket is held on Tuesday for all sorts of agricultural pro-
duce, live stock, and some manufactured goods ; and
there are large stores here : fairs are held on May 7th,
June 9th, July 'Zbth, and Sept. '29th. A seneschal's
court monthly, and petty-sessions fortnightly, are held ;
and the place is a constabulary police station. There is
also a dispensary. Mount Bellew, the seat of the
Bellew family, is considered to present some of the
greatest improvements, and is the most prettily laid
out, of any in the county. The late Mr. Bellew gave
10 acres of land towards the support of a monastery of
the order of St. Francis, the inmates of which superin-
tend a national school, the Board of Education granting
£10 per annum ; it is a neat edifice, built by subscrip-
tion, towards which Mr. Bellew was the chief contri-
butor : the chapel, built at his sole cost, is a very
pretty structure, with a tower '2 feet high. Should
the plan of making the river Suck navigable to its junc-
tion with the Shiven take place, it is proposed to make
the latter navigable for boats to this town, which would
confer on it great advantages, as agricultural produce
could then be conveyed to the Shannon from this part
of the country.
MOUNT-BOLUS, a village, in the parish of Kil-
LAUGBEY, union of Parsonstown, barony of Bally-
BOY, King's county, and province of Lei.nster, 3 miles
(S.) from Frankford, on the southern road to Tulla-
more ; containing 48 dwellings, and 1S6 inhabitants.
Here is a station of the constabulary police ; also the
Roman Catholic chapel for this part of the district of
Frankford.
MOUNT-CHARLES, a town or village, in the parish
of Inver, barony of Bannagh, union and county of
Donegal, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (W.) from
Donegal, on the road to Killybegs ; containing 539 in-
habitants. It consists of one street, in which are 98
houses, a small market-house (where divine service is
performed every Sunday), a school-house under the
trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, and a dispensary ;
it is a constabulary pohce station, and has a receiving-
357
MOUN
house for letters in connexion with Ardara, Donegal,
and Killybegs. Fairs are held on Jan. 18th, March
'28th, May 10th, June 9th, Aug. '20th, Sept. '22nd, Oct.
'2'2nd, and Nov. 18th. Near the town is the Hall, the
property of the Marquess Conyngham, to whom Mount-
Charles gives the two inferior titles of Earl and Vis-
count.
MOUNT-COIN, or Mooncoin, a village, in the
parish of Poleroan, union of 'Waterford, barony of
IvERK, county of Kilkenny, and province of Lein-
STER, 6 miles (N. \V.) from Waterford, on the road to
Carrick-on-Suir ; containing 1'23 houses, and 6'29 inha-
bitants. In the Roman Catholic divisions this place is
the head of a district, comprising the parishes of Rath-
kyran, Aglishmartin, Portnescully, Poleroan, Clonmore,
Ballytarsna, Tubrid, and part of Burnchurch, in which
union are three chapels ; that of Mount-Coin is a neat
edifice.
MOUNT-FIELD, an ecclesiastical district, in the
union of Omagh, barony of Strabane, county of Ty-
rone, and province of Ulster, 5 miles (E. N. E.) from
Omagh, and on the river Shrule ; containing about 2*00
inhabitants. It comprises 10,3665- statute acres, chiefly
in tillage. The late Sir William M'Mahon, Bart., made
some progress in the erection of a town here, where
fairs were to be established ; and a new road has been
opened through the district direct from Omagh to Bel-
fast. There is a receiving-house for letters. The living
is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Derry, and in
the patronage of the Rector of Cappagh, of which
parish Mount-Field forms part : the curate receives a
stipend of £75, paid by the rector ; and £"25 from Pri-
mate Boulter's augmentation fund, to which he is enti-
tled, is annually handed over to his predecessor. The
church is a small but neat edifice with a lofty spire,
erected in IS'26 on the side of a mountain, at an ex-
pense of £830. 15., defrayed by the Board of First
Fruits.
MOUNT-MELLICK, a market and post town, and
the head of a union, partly in the parish of Coolbana-
gher, barony of Portnehinch, but chiefly in that of
Rosenallis, barony of Tinnehinch, Queen's county,
and province of Leinster, 5 miles (N. W.) from Mary-
borough, and 40 (W. S. W.) from Dublin, on the road
from Portarlington to Clonaslee ; containing 4755 inha-
bitants. This town, which is nearly encircled by the
small river Owenas or Onas, was anciently called Moiin-
c/ia-iUee/icA, signifying " the green island." It consists
of one principal with some smaller streets, and in 1841
contained "87 houses, many of which are very neat and
some elegant buildings : from the extent of its trade
and manufactures, it ranks as the chief town in the
county. The weaving of cotton is carried on exten-
sively, and affords employment to about '2000 persons
in the town and neighbourhood ; the manufacture of
woollen stuffs and coarse woollen cloths, also, is con-
ducted by Messrs. Beale and Messrs. Milner and Sons,
who lately erected spacious buildings adjoining the
town for spinning and weaving, in which nearly the
same number of persons are employed. In 1S34,
^Messrs, J. and D. Roberts, from Anglesea, estabhshed
an iron and brass foundry here, for the manufacture of
steam and locomotive engines and machinery in gene-
ral ; in which about 40 persons are employed. There
are also an extensive manufactory of bits and stirrups.
M O U N
]\I O U N
a tanyard, and three breweries, a flour-mill, two soap
manufactories, a distillery making about 1'20,000 gallons
of whisky annually, and some long established potteries
for tiles and the coarser kinds of earthenware. A
branch of the Grand Canal, brought to the town from
Monastereven, has greatly promoted its trade in corn,
butter, and general merchandise, which is rapidly in-
creasing. In the excise arrangements Mount-Mellick is
within the district of Kilkenny. A branch of the Bank
of Ireland was established in 1S36. The market days
are Wednesday and Saturday ; fairs for cattle, horses,
sheep, and pigs are held on Feb. 1st, March 17th, May
1st, June 2nd. Thursday after Trinity-Sunday, July
20th, Aug. seth, Sept. 29th, Nov. 1st, and Dec. 11th.
A chief constabulary police force is stationed in the
town, and there are subordinate stations at Clonaslee,
Kilcabin, and Rosenallis. By a recent act of parlia-
ment, general-sessions are appointed to be held here in
April and October ; and petty-sessions for the district
are held every Monday by the county magistrates : a
new court-house has been erected near a new street
leading from the church square to Irishtown. Here is
a chapel of ease to the parish of Rosenallis, a handsome
edifice, lately repaired by a grant of £110 from the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic
divisions this place is the head of the district of Mount-
Mellick and Castlebrack, comprising parts of the pa-
rishes of Rosenallis, Castlebrack, and Coolbanagher,
and containing the chapels of Mount-Mellick and Cas-
tlebrack : the former is a spacious structure. There
are places of worship for the Society of Friends, and
Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists ; also a dispensary;
and a Temperance Society has been formed. The
union workhouse, on a site of six acres held at a rent of
£37. ]., was completed in 1842 at a cost of £6915, and
is constructed to receive SOD inmates. At Derryguile
is a chalybeate spring.
MOUNT-NORRIS, or Port-Norris, a village, in
the parish of Locghgilly, union of Newry, barony of
Lower Orior, county of Armagh, and province of
Ulster, 3| miles (S. S. E.) from Markethill ; contain-
ing about 300 inhabitants. The village is situated at
the southern extremity of a morass, now drained, ex-
tending from Poyntz-Pass, a distance of five miles : it
derives its name from an important fortress erected in
the reign of Elizabeth by Sir John Norris, to protect
the pass between Armagh and Newry ; and, on the
plantation of Ulster by James 1., received a charter of
incorporati(m, and a grant of 300 acres of land. In
the reign of Charles I. the castle was one of the strong-
est fortresses in this part of the kingdom. That mo-
narch conveyed to Primate Ussher six townlands, com-
prising 1514 acres, for the purpose of founding a college
here for the classical education of Protestants ; this
college was afterwards founded in Armagh, which was
considered a more eligible situation : the income arising
from the lands is £1337 per annum. The village con-
tains about 40 houses, mostly well built ; and has a
sub-post office, and a place of worship for dissenters.
Fairs are held on the second Monday in every month,
for the sale of live stock, and are well attended.
MOUNT-NUGENT, or Dalysbridge, a village or
post-town, in the parish of Kilbride, union of Old-
castle, barony of Clonmahon, county of Cavan, and
province of Ulster, 11 miles (S. S. E.) from Cavan, and
358
50| (N. W. by W.) from Dublin, on the road from Old-
castle to Granard ; containing 162 inhabitants. It
consists of 26 houses, the parish church, a Roman Ca-
tholic chapel, and the parochial school. Petty-sessions
are held here every third Saturday ; and there is a
constabulary police-station : fairs are held on June 1st
and Oct. 21st. The village is near Lough Sheelin,
which is very large, extending to Finae, in Westmeath,
where it communicates with Lough Inny, through which
its waters find their way to the Shannon : in this lake
are several small islands, on one of which are the ruins
of a church and castle. Contiguous to it, at Kilcogy,
near Glan, is the seat of Mrs. Dallas ; and on its
northern side are several gentlemen's residences, among
which are Arley, the beautiful cottage of the Hon. S. R.
Maxwell, and Fortland : on the opposite shore the
ground is elevated and well planted ; and the view of
the whole, comprehending Ross House and the ruins of
Ross Castle, is bounded by hills of considerable magni-
tude. The lake covers 2000 Irish acres, being 8 Irish
miles in length, and, in parts, 2 or 3 wide.
MOUNTRATH, a market and post town, in the
union of Mount-Mellick, parish of Clonenagh, ba-
rony of Maryborough West, Queen's county, and
province of Leinster, 6i miles (W. S. W.) from Mary-
borough, on the road to Roscrea, and 47? (S. W.) from
Dublin ; containing 3000 inhabitants. This place,
called also Moynrath, or the " Fort in the bog," became,
in the beginning of the 17th century, the property of
Sir Charles Coote, who, although the surrounding coun-
try was then in a wild state and overspread with woods,
laid the foundation of the present town. In 1628, he
obtained for the inhabitants a grant of two weekly mar-
kets and two fairs, and established a very extensive
linen and fustian manufactory, which in the war of
1641, together with much of his other property here,
was destroyed. His son Charles regciined the castle
and estate of Mountrath, with other large possessions ;
and at the Restoration was created Earl of Mountrath,
which title, on the decease of Charles Henry, the
seventh earl, in 1802, became extinct. The present
possessor is Sir Charles Henry Coote, premier baronet
of Ireland.
The TOWN which in 1841 contained 557 houses, is
neatly built, and has been the seat of successive manu-
factures. Iron was made and wrought here till the
neighbouring woods were consumed for fuel, and sub-
sequently the cotton manufacture was established ; an
extensive factory for spinning and weaving cotton is
carried on by Mr. Greenham, who employs 150 persons
in the spinning-mills, and about 500 in weaving calicoes
at their own houses : the average quantity manufactured
is from 200 to 250 pieces weekly. Stuff-weaving is
also carried on extensively ; there are a large brewery
and malting establishment, and an oil-mill ; and the
inhabitants carry on a very considerable country trade.
In the excise arrangements the town is within the dis-
trict of Maryborough. The market is on Saturday ;
the veal sold here is thought to be the best in the
country ; much corn and butter are also sold : the
market house is a respectable building. There are fairs
on Feb. 17th, May 8th, June 20th, Aug. 10th, Sept.
19th, and Nov. 6th. General-sessions are held in June
and December under the new act, and petty-sessions
every Thursday : a new court-house and bridewell have
MOUN
M O U U
been erected. The parish church, a handsome struc-
ture, is situated in the town : it was nearly rebuilt and
considerably enlarged in 183'2, by a grant from the
Board of First Fruits, and by subscription ; and further
alterations have been made by means of a grant from
the Ecclesiastical Commissi(mers. Mountrath is the
head of a Roman Catholic district, comprising part of
the parish of Clonenagh : there are two chapels, one in
the town, and the other at Clonad ; the former a very
large cruciform building. In Coote-street is a monas-
tery of the order of St. Patrick, in which are a superior
and eight monks, who superintend a classical boarding-
school, a school for the middling classes, and another
in connexion with the Board of National Education.
In the town is also a convent of the order of St.
Bridget, consisting of a superior, eleven professed nuns,
and one lay sister ; some of whom are engaged in the
education of young ladies of the higher classes, and
others in superintending a school for poor children in
connexion with the board above-mentioned. There are
places of worship for the Society of Friends, and for
Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists ; and a dispensary
is supported in the usual manner. The parochial school,
situated in the town, is under the patronage of Sir
Charles H. Coote and Lady Coote, who entirely support
it : the building, which is large, was erected in 18'20, at
an expense of £500, defrayed partly by subscription,
and partly by a donation of .•fc'iSO from Sir Charles, who
also gave an acre of ground for its site ; it was enlarged
in IS'il, at an additional expense of £350, half of which
was contributed by subscription, and the remainder
from the Lord-Lieutenant's fund.
Ballyfinn House, the residence of Sir Charles H.
Coote, is situated in the centre of a demesne and plea-
sure grounds laid out with the greatest taste, on sloping
ground overlooking a noble lake, and is nearly sur-
rounded by densely planted hills : the entrance to the
mansion is by a portico of the Ionic order. The inte-
rior is fitted up in the most costly style, and has a fine
collection of paintings, statues, and busts, and a large
and well selected library ; the pavement of the great
hall was brought from Rome. The saloon and ball-
room are splendid apartments ; many of the articles of
furniture of each were executed for George IV., when
Prince of Wales, and purchased by the present pos-
sessor. The other principal seats in the vicinity are
Forest ; Anne-Grove Abbey ; Springmount ; Donore ;
Scotchrath ; Roundwood ; and Newpark, formerly the
residence of the Earl of Mountrath.
MOUNTSEA.— See Monsea.
MOUNT-SHANNON, a village, in that part of the
parish of Inniscalthra, which is in the barony of
Leitrim, union of Scariff, county of Galway, and
province of Connaught, "f miles (N. by W.) from Kil-
laloe, and on the road from Woodford to Limerick ;
containing 361 inhabitants. This place is beautifully
situated on Lough Deirgeart, on the confines of the
county and province. Here and at Knockafort are
piers, where vessels of ^0 tons' burthen can load and
unload. The village is a constabulary police station ;
and petty-sessions are held. There is a market-house ;
fairs are held on the 2Sth of Feb., May, Aug., and
Nov. ; and a patent exists for a monthly fair, which is
not held. It contains 61 houses ; a receiving-house for
letters in connexion with Killaloe ; the parish church ;
359
and a Roman Catholic chapel, erected in 1836. — See
I.vniscalthra.
MOUNT-TALBOT, a post town or village, in the
parish of Tessaragh, barony of Athlone, union and
county of Roscommon, and province of Connaught,
6^ miles (S. S. W.) from Roscommon, and 81^ (W. by
N.) from Dublin : the population is returned with the
parish. It derives its name from the contiguous man-
sion of Mount Talbot, which, some years since, was en-
larged and castellated, and now presents a fine front,
having massive square towers, and an arcade extending
from one side : the house is situated amidst rich woods
on an elevated bank above the river Suck. The village
extends down the neighbouring slope, to a bridge of
twelve arches across a water-way of about 80 yards ;
and on the opposite side are some houses of a better
description. It is a station of the constabulary police ;
and has a sub-post office to Ahascragh and Roscommon.
Fairs are held on May 8th, June 14th, Nov. 1st, and
Dec. '21st; and petty-sessions are also held here. Aq
equitable loan fund was established in 1834, with a
capital of £400, for the benefit of the poor.
MOURNE, or Mourne Abbey, also called Bal-
linamona, a parish, in the union of Mallow, partly
in the barony of Fermoy, partly in that of East Mus-
KERRY, but chiefly in that of Barretts, county of
Cork, and province of Munster, 3f miles (S.) from
Mallow, on the road to Cork ; containing 4154 inhabit-
ants. It was anciently called Temple-Michael, from a
preceptory of the Knights Templars, founded here in
the reign of King John by an Englishman named
Alexander de St. Helena, and which, on the suppres-
sion of that order in Ireland, in 130", was granted to
the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, commonly called
the Knights Hospitallers ; on the general dissolution of
religious houses, the possessions were granted to Cormac
M'^Teige M'^Carthy. His descendants, who retained the
lands until they were forfeited in the civil war of 1641,
were styled " The Masters of Mourne. " In 1571, a
sanguinary battle was fought here between the forces of
James, Earl of Ormonde, and those of Cormac Oge
M'^Cartie, the former of whom were defeated with the
loss of above 1000 men ; and John and Gerald, two
brothers of the earl, were made prisoners. By an in-
quisition taken at Cork in 1584, it appears that this
place was an ancient corporate and walled town de-
stroyed in the reign of Edward IV. by ISIurrough
O'Brien, who appeared in arms against the government,
and destroyed several towns in ^lunster.
The parish, which is bounded on the west by the
river Clydagh, in its course to the Blaekwater, comprises
11,436 statute acres; about 4000 acres are arable,
about 3500 pasture, and the remainder, with the excep-
tion of about "5 acres of woodland, consists of mountain
and waste, a large portion of which is reclaimable : the
state of agriculture is gradually improving. Slate of a
rough quality is found at Carrigduff, and was formerly
worked to some extent. Fairs are held at Ballinamona
on Whit-Monday, Aug. 'ilst, and Dec. 5th, for cattle
and pigs. At Quartertown are two extensive flour-
mills, worked by the river Clydagh ; and a charter has
been obtained from the crown, incorporating a company
with a capital of £150,000, to erect a cotton-factory at
Quartertown, to be worked by the Clydagh ; the whole
of the shares, £50 each, have been taken, and the erec-
ISI O V I
MO VI
tion of the buildings will shortly be commenced. The
northern part of the parish, containing the townlands of
Gortnagrague and Quartertowu, is within the jurisdic-
tion of the manorial court of Mallow, held every three
weeks by the seneschal of Sir Denham Jephson Norreys,
Bart., lord of the manor. The seats are, Quartertown ;
Harrietville, commanding a picturesque view of the
town of Mallow ; and Rockvale House, a lately erected
mansion. The late Lord Muskerry built a splendid
mansion in the vicinity, on which he is said to have ex-
pended upwards of £30,000 ; but before it was inhabited,
it was taken down, and the materials sold : only the
foundations remain.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Crown. The
tithe rent-charge is £415. 7- 9. : there is a glebe of 5§
acres near the town of Castle-Lyons, 14 miles distant.
The church, situated at Ballinamona, is a small plain
budding, with a square tower ; it has lately undergone
a complete and perfect repair, amounting almost to a re-
building. In the Roman Catholic divisions the greater
part of the parish forms the head of the district of Bal-
linamona, comprising also the parish of Grenagh and
part of Rahan, and containing the chapels of Burnfort,
Monaparson, and Grenagh ; the remainder is included
in the Mallow district : a new chapel has been built at
Ballynockane ; and it is in contemplation to erect a new
chapel at Ballinamona. The extensive, but now un-
interesting, ruins of Mourne Abbey stand between the
old and new roads from Cork to Mallow ; they appear
to have been surrounded by a high walled inclosure, the
angles of which were defended by strong bastions. The
skeleton of the church, said to have been 180 feet long,
still remains, but destitute of the mouldings and other
ornamental parts of the masonry. On the summit of a
ridge on the opposite side of the Clydagh, which here
separates the baronies of Muskerry and Barretts, is
Castlemore, an ancient ruined structure of gloomy ap-
pearance, with a tower attached ; it was built by the
Barretts, and long continued the chief residence of the
head of that family. In a sequestered valley in the
southern part of the parish are the picturesque ruins of
the church of Kilquane. On removing the foundations
of the old church at Ballinamona, for the erection of
the present one, a large spur and an ancient spear were
discovered. At Quartertown is a mineral spring.
MOVIDDY, a parish, in the union of Bandon,
barony of East Muskerry, county of Cork, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 16 miles (VV'. S. W.) from Cork, and
on the road from Macroom to Bandon ; containing, with
the post-town of Crookstown, '2262 inhabitants. This
parish, which is intersected by the river Bride, comprises
6133 statute acres. The principal part is under tillage,
producing, under a greatly improved system of agri-
culture, good crops; on the meadow land irrigation is
extensively practised : there is very little waste or bog,
and the marshy lands are being drained and brought
into cultivation. The surface undulates considerably,
in some places rising into hills, the highest of which is
Knockancrnoe ; they are of the schistose formation, and
immediately beneath them, to the north, commences
the limestone formation which extends eastward to
Blackrock. Not far from the church are quarries of
coarse freestone. A large flour-mill, built by T. Herrick,
Esq., has greatly promoted the growth of wheat. A
360
manor court is held every third Thursday, for the re-
covery of debts under 404-. ; and petty-sessions at Shan-
dangan on alternate Wednesdays. Fairs are held at
Crookstown on Jan. Uth, May 14th, Aug. 26th, and
Nov. 17th, chiefly for the sale of cattle, sheep, pigs, &c.
There are several large handsome houses in the parish,
among which are Belmount, Rye Court, Crookstown
House, Warren's Grove, and Kilcondy. The planta-
tions around Rye Court are very extensive and beau-
tiful ; the woods contain some of the finest oak in the
county, and the scenery is embellished with the romantic
ruins of Castlemore, built by the Mac Sweenys in the
15th century. Castlemore passed by marriage to the
M'^Cartys ; and Phelim Mac Owen having joined in the
civil war of 1641, the castle and property became for-
feited to the crown : it now constitutes one of the most
picturesque ruins in the county. The living is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, and in the patron-
age of the Bishop: the tithe rent-charge is £380. 15.;
and there is a glebe, formerly 82 acreS, but, from an ex-
change lately effected with John E. Herrick, Esq., for
part of the lands of Belmount, now 74 acres, on which
stands the glebe-house. The church is a small, but very
neat, edifice in the early English style, for the repairs of
which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted
£224. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Kilmurry : a chapel was
built at Clonduff, in 1820.
MOVILLE, a market and post town, in the parish
of Lower Moville, union and barony of Ennishowen,
county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 16 miles
(N.) from Londonderry ; containing 595 inhabitants.
This town, which was formerly called Bonafobble, is
neat and flourishing, having of late rapidly grown into
importance from its being resorted to as a fashionable
bathing-place. It is pleasantly situated on the western
shore of Lough Foyle, and consists of a square and three
principal streets, with numerous elegant detached villas
and bathing-lodges in the immediate vicinity, chiefly
near the shore. During the summer season, steam-
boats arrive daily from Derry, Portrush, and other places;
and for their accommodation, two wooden piers project-
ing into deep water have been constructed, which they
can approach at all times of the tide. A market on
Thursday has been established, and is well supplied
with general provisions, fish, and fowl ; fairs are held on
the 28th of Jan., April, July, and Oct., for cattle, sheep,
and pigs. Petty-sessions for the Moville district are
held every fourth Tuesday ; and a constabulary and a
revenue police force, and a coast-guard, are stationed
here. The town is favourably situated, being sheltered
from the northerly and westerly winds by the lofty
mountains of Ennishowen, and commanding on the
south a fine view of the fertile tracts of Myroe and the
Faughan vale, backed by the noble mountains of Ben-
bradagh and Benyevenagh, in the county of London-
derry. To the east is the splendid palace of the late
Earl of Bristol, Bishop of Derry, with its temples and
mausoleum ; and beyond are numerous headlands, ex-
tending to the cape of Bengore. Among the principal
residences in the vicinity are Moville Lodge, Gortgowan,
Ballybrack House, and Drumawier House.
MOVILLE, LOWER, a parish, in the union and
barony of Ennishowen, county of Donegal, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 17 miles (N. N. E.) from London-
M O \^ I
M () V I
dcrry ; containing 6016 inhabitants, of whom 595 are
ill the village or town of Moville. This parish is situ-
ated on the western shore of Lough Foyle, and bounded
on the north by the Atlantic Ocean; it comprises, in-
cluding a detached portion, 15,950^ statute acres. Prior
to 1788 it formed part of the parish of Moville (anciently
called Mublinili'), but in that year it was separated from
the southern or upper division of the old parish. The
land is in general of inferior quality, and a large portion
consists of rocky barren mountain, from which circum-
stance, and that of the population being partly employed
in fishing, agriculture is for the most part in a backward
state ; but in the neighbourhood of Moville the land has
been brought into a good state of cultivation, has been
well planted, and is embellished with several handsome
residences, which, together with the principal features
of the scenery, are noticed in the article on that town.
To the west of Greencastle, a slope of cultivated land
ascends towards the neighbouring mountains. The
COAST of the parish extends from the town of Moville to
Glenagivney, including the headlands of Shrove and
Knnishowen ; nearly the whole line consists of rocky
cliffs of a bold and romantic character, and between
Shrove Point and the point of Magilligan, on the oppo-
site coast of Londonderry, is the entrance to Lough
Foyle, a capacious harbour, where the largest ships may
ride in safety in all kinds of weather. Two lighthouses
have been erected at Shrove Head by the Ballast Board,
in consequence of the numerous shipwrecks that took
place on the sand banks called " the Tons," near the
entrance of the lough.
Close on the shore of Lough Foyle, and nearly adjoin-
ing the church, are the magnificent ruins of Greencastle,
built by Sir Caber O'Dogherty in the 15th century. It
stands on a boldly prominent rock near the entrance of
the lough, and, from the great strength and extent of
the building, which covers the whole surface of the rock
(iOO yards long and 56 broad), flanked by octagonal
and square towers, inaccessible from the sea, and
strongly fortified towards the land, was almost impreg-
nable ; it was, notwithstanding, the first castle aban-
doned by O'Dogherty and seized upon by the English,
and was afterwards granted to Sir Arthur Chichester.
The walls are in some places twelve feet thick, and
several of them are still in a good state of preservation ;
the eastern portion of one of the towers has fallen, and
lies in an unbroken mass on the ground. The eligi-
bility of this situation in commanding the entrance to
Lough Foyle induced the government, on the apprehen-
sion of an invasion, to erect a fortress nearly adjoining
the castle, consisting of a tower, battery, and magazine,
with accommodation for 4 officers and -il men, and,
together with another battery on the opposite side of
the harbour, mounting 26 guns : the establishment now
consists only of a master gunner and five artillerymen.
A court for the manor of Greencastle is held monthly,
for the recovery of debts under 40s. late currency. In
the parish are .stations of the constabulary and revenue
police, and of the tide-waiters and pilots of the port of
Londonderry ; at Greencastle and Portkennigo are sta-
tions of the coast-guard, included in the district of Carn.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and in
the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£415. 8. per annum ; there is neither glebe nor glebe-
house. The church is a small but neat edifice, built in
Vol. II.— 561
1782, in the early English style, with a tower at the
east front ; it stands on a rocky eminence near the shore
of Lough Foyle. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is united with Upper Moville ; there are chapels
at Ballybrack and Ballynacree. Near (ireencastle are
some extensive ruins, called Capel Moule, having the
appearance of a military edifice, and supposed to have
formerly belonged to the Knights Templars ; and on a
detached rock, about a mile distant, are the ruins of
Kilblaney church : previously to 1 6'20 Kilblaney formed
a separate parish. Near Ennishowen Head is an exten-
sive natural cave, often visited in the summer season.
MOVILLE, UPPER, a parish, in the union and
barony of Ennishowen, county of Donegal, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 15 miles (N. N. E.) from Londonderry,
on the road to Greencastle ; containing 5069 inhabi-
tants. St. Patrick founded a monastery here, called
Maghbhile and Domnachbhile, over which he placed
yEngusius, the son of Olild ; it soon became celebrated
for its wealth ; and notices of its abbots occur from the
year 590 to 953 : among them was the celebrated St.
Finian. The remains are called Cooley, meaning " the
City," probably from a large number of persons having
settled around this famous pile, which appears, from
what is left of the western and southern walls, to have
been a very extensive edifice. For some time before the
Reformation it was used as the parish church, and it so
continued until destroyed during the civil wars of 1688.
In the adjoining cemetery is a very ancient tomb, said
to be that of St. Finian ; and outside the walls stands a
lofty and handsome stone cross, hewn out of one block,
and in good preservation. The ruins occupy a gentle
eminence near the shores of Lough Foyle, commanding
a full view of the Atlantic.
The parish, which is situated on the western shore of
Lough Foyle, comprises 19,08l| statute acres: one-half
is mountainous, and the remainder consists of good and
middling arable land, with detached pieces of bog scat-
tered all over the parish. The land is generally light, and
every where encumbered by rocks, heath, and whins ; the
greater portion of the rocks are clay-slate. Near White-
castle is excellent sandstone, and there are strong indi-
cations of coal, near which is a curious and extraordinarj'
whin dyke. Here the system of rundale is still kept up ;
and the land, divided into very small holdings, is much
neglected, nearly all the population being employed in
the weaving of linen-cloth and in fishing, combined with
agricultural pursuits : the produce of the land is chietly
corn and flax; wheat has only been grown since I&30,
but it is found to answer very well. The parish is
within the jurisdiction of the manor court held at Green-
castle. There is a receiving-house for letters in con-
nexion with Quigley's-Point and Londonderry. The
principal seats are Red Castle, White Castle, Foyle View,
Greenbank, and Ballylawn. The living is a rectory,
in the diocese of Derry, forming the corps of a prebend,
in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is
£416. 5. The" glebe-house was built in 1775, at a cost
of £590, by the then incumbent ; the glebe comprises
74 Cunningham acres, valued at £66. 12. per annum.
The church is an ancient, small, and inconvenient edi-
fice, on the shore of the lough ; it was built by the
Carey family, in 1741, as a private chapel, and after-
wards became a chapel of ease, and eventually the
parish church. In the Rimian CathoUc divisions this
3 A
MO Y
IM O Y A
parish and Lower Moville form the district ; there is a
chapel at Drung, and near Castle- Carey is a very neat
meeting-house for Presbyterians in connexion with the
General Assembly. Not far from Drung are eight up-
right stones, near which are several lying down, the
remains of an ancient cromlech. Part of a fosse, and
some terraces and remains of former mansions, are
to be traced near Red and White Castles, and at Castle-
Carey.
MOWNEY, or Moony, a parish, in the union of
Callan, barony of Slievardagh, county of Tipperary,
and province of Munster, 4 miles (E. by S.) from Kil-
lenaule ; containing 42S inhabitants. This parish com-
prises 15'22 statute acres. It is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Cashel, forming part of the union of
Lismalin and the corps of the archdeaconry of Cashel ;
the tithe rent-charge is £69. 4. 8.
MOY, a market and post town, and an ecclesiastical
district, in the union of Dungannon, partly in the
barony of Oneilland West, county of Armagh, but
chiefly in that of Dungannon, county of Tyrone, and
province of Ulster, 5:| miles (N.) from Armagh, and
71^ (N. byW.) from Dublin, on the coach-road from
Armagh to Dungannon : the population of the district
is returned with Clonfeacle ; the town contains 85" in-
habitants. This place, commanding the chief pass of
the river Blackwater, was a post of considerable impor-
tance during the wars in the reign of Elizabeth, and its
intimate connexion with Charlemont rendered it in
succeeding reigns also a station of much interest to the
contending parties. The town is situated on the western
bank of the Blackwater, over which is a bridge connect-
ing it with the ancient borough of Charlemont ; it con-
sists principally of a square, or market-place, and one
steep street, containing 17'2 houses, several of which are
neatly built and most are of modern character. A num-
ber of old houses have recently been pulled down and
rebuilt, and some new houses are in course of erection.
A considerable trade in corn, timber, coal, slate, iron,
and salt, is carried on by means of the river, which is
navigable for vessels of 100 tons' burthen ; and there
are extensive bleach-greens near the town, where great
quantities of linen are finished for the English market.
The weaving of linen is also carried on to some extent,
and there are several small potteries for earthenware of
the coarser kind. But the inhabitants are chiefly em-
ployed in the trade of the river, and in agriculture. The
Ulster canal passes through the parish, and falls into
the Blackwater a little below the town. The market,
which was recently established, is on Friday, and is well
supplied with grain and provisions of all kinds ; fairs
for live stock are held on the first Friday in every
month, and are numerously attended, especially by
horse-dealers. A very commodious market-house and
a spacious market-place have been constructed by the
Earl of Charlemont, who is the proprietor of the town.
A constabulary police force has been stationed here ;
petty-sessions are held on alternate Mondays ; and a
court for the manor of Charlemont and Moy, which has
extensive jurisdiction in the counties of Armagh and
Tyrone, is held occasionally by the seneschal.
The district parish was constituted in 1819, by sepa-
rating 33 townlands from the parish of Clonfeacle ; name-
ly, 27 in the county of Tyrone, and 6 in the county of
Armagh. The land, though of a light and gravelly
362
nature, is productive under a good system of agricul-
ture. Limestone is in abundance, and is quarried for
manure ; sandstone, basalt, and whinstone are found
here alternating ; and there are indications of coal in
several places. In the vicinity of Grange, fossil-fish
have been discovered in red sandstone, a fine specimen
of one of which has been deposited in the museum of
the Geological Society, London. The lands westward of
the Blackwater are extremely fertile. There are several
handsome seats ; the principal are Argory, The Grange,
and Grange Park. The living is a perpetual curacy,
in the diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the
Rector of Clonfeacle ; the stipend is £100 per annum,
of which £75 are paid by the rector, and £25 from Pri-
mate Boulter's augmentation fund. The glebe-house,
towards which the Board of First Fruits contributed
£450 and a loan of £50, was built in 1820 ; there are
about 2 roods of glebe. The church, a small neat edi-
fice iu the early English style, with a square tower, was
built in 1819, at an expense of £1569, of which £900
were a gift and £500 a loan from the same Board ; it
has been lately enlarged by the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners, at a cost of £230. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the union of Clon-
feacle ; the chapel is a large and handsome edifice, re-
cently erected. There are places of worship for the
Society of Friends, Independents, and Wesleyan Me-
thodists.
MOYACOMB, or Clonegal, a parish, partly in the
union and barony of Shillelagh, county of Wicklow,
partly in that of Scarawalsh, county of Wexford,
but chiefly in that of St. Mullins, county of Carlow,
and province of Leinster, on the road from Tullow to
Newtownbarry, and on the river Derry ; containing, with
the post-town of Clonegal and the village of Johnstown
(both separately described), 4933 inhabitants. It com-
prises 17,434i statute acres, of which 5678 are in Wick-
low, 5810 in Wexford, and the remainder in Carlow.
The portion in the county of Wexford includes the estate
of Abbeydown, containing 280 plantation acres, which
has been tithe-free from time immemorial and is con-
sidered extra-parochial. The soil is various, and there
are some patches of bog : the state of agriculture is
gradually improving. A slate-quarry has been opened
on Gibbet hill, near Johnstown. Several fairs held at
Clonegal are mentioned under that head ; the town is
also a station of the constabulary police, and contains
an old castellated mansion of the Esmonde family. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the
patronage of the La Touche family: the tithe rent-
charge is £637. 10.; there is neither glebe nor glebe-
house. The church, close to the town of Clonegal is a
good building erected in 1819, for which the late Board
of First Fruits granted a loan of £1300 ; and the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners recently granted £186 for its
repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
chiefly in the diocese of Kildare and Leighlin, and, toge-
ther with the parish of Barragh, constitutes the district
of Clonegal, containing the chapels of Clonegal and
Kildavin. There is a meeting-house for Methodists at
Clonegal. At Abbeytown are the remains of an ancient
religious house, of which no account is extant.
MOYAGHER, a parish, in the union of Kells,
barony of Lune, county of Meath, and province of
Leinster, 3 miles (N. E.) from Athboy, and on the road
M O Y A
M O Y A
from Mullingar and Athlone to Droghcda ; containing
about 565 inhabitants, and comprising 1362;^ statute
acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Meatli, forming
|)art of the union of Athboy ; the titlics are included in
the rent-charge for Rathmorc. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Moyagher forms part of the unions of Athboy
and Arilbraccan.
IMOYALIFFE, or Mealiffe, a parish, in the union
of TnuKLKS, barony of Kh.nemanagii, county of Tip-
TKUARY, and province of Munster, 6 miles (S. W.) from
Thurles, on the new road to Newport ; containing 3372
inhabitants. The parish is also intersected by the new
road from Templemore to Tipperary, and by the rivers
Clodagh and Owbeg, which unite near the glebe-house ;
it comprises 80'2'2 statute acres, of which about 140
acres are roads and waste, and the remainder profitable
land. Limestone and gritstone abound, and there is
some mountain bog. This is a station of the con-
stabulary police. Tine seats are Mealiffe House, Bally-
neira, and Farney Castle. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, and in the patronage
of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £'200, and there
is a glebe of 40 acres. The glebe- house was erected by
aid of a gift of £1000 from the late Board of First
Fruits. The church is a plain structure, built in 1791,
at a cost of £500, partly by a gift of £100 from the
same Board, and the remainder paid by the incumbent.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Upperchurch, or Templeoutragh ; the
chapel is a modern edifice, situated at Drumbane. A
school on the foundation of Erasmus Smith was estab-
lished here, for which a house, with apartments for the
master, was erected at an expense of £'200 by the
Rev. Mr. Armstrong, a former rector (who also gave 'Z
acres of land) ; and for its support the trustees allow
£20 per annum. There are some remains of an old
church ; the ruins of the castles of Mealiffe and Drum-
bane ; and, adjoining Farney Castle, those of the old castle
from which it is named. The last is of a circular form,
and is supposed to have been erected in the 13th cen-
tury, and during the civil war to have been in the pos-
session of Cromwell's troops, by whom an attempt
appears to have been made to blow it up.
MOYALLON, a village, in the parish of Tullylish,
union of Banbridge, barony of Lower Iveagh, county
of Down, and province of Ulster, 1 mile from Gilford,
to which it has a sub-post office, and on the road to
Portadown : the population is returned with the parish.
It is situated in one of the best cultivated and most
beautiful districts in the county, and appears to have
originated in the settlement of a colony of the Society of
Friends, about I698. Among these was Mr. Thomas
Christy, who, about 17 10, commenced the bleaching of
linen on the river Bann, which flows through the vale
of Moyallon ; he appears to have established a bleach-
green here prior to the institution of the Linen Board
in Dublin, and the Moyallon linens obtained a celebrity
above those of other districts. The bleach-green is
capable of finishing 15,000 pieces of linen annually;
and in the vicinity is a chyraical laboratory for prepar-
ing bleaching acids. The meeting-house of the Society
of Friends, erected about 17'23, is a small but neat edi-
fice : there is also a meeting-house for Wesleyan Me-
thodists. A school was established in 1788, and was
supported by the Society of Friends until 1832, since
363
which period it has been aided by the National Board.
Of the numerous seats in the vicinity, the principal arc
Moyallon and Moyallon House, embosomed in planta-
tions, and commanding picturesque views of the adjoin-
ing county of Armagh. On the elevated grounds of
Ballynacarrick are traces of the extraordinary remnant
of antiquity called the " Danes' Cast. "
MOYANNA, a parish, in the union of Athy, barony
of Stradbally, Queen's county, and province of Lein-
STER, 1 mile (N.) from Stradbally, on the road to Mo-
nastereven ; containing I7O8 inhabitants. This parish
comprises 68'24 statute acres, of which 65 are woodland.
The state of agriculture has improved greatly, its pro-
gress being much promoted by the quantities of excellent
limestone here ; alid the vicinity of the place to the
southern branch of the Grand Canal affords facility for
disposing of the produce. James Grattan, Esq., who
has a pretty shooting-lodge here, has erected a hand-
some bridge over the Barrow at Dunrally Fort. A party
of the constabulary police is stationed at Yicarstown.
The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Leighlin ; the rectory is impropriate in the Provost and
Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin, and the vicarage
forms part of the union of Stradbally. The tithe rent-
charge is £313. 1. 3., two-thirds payable to the impro-
priators and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions, also, Moyanna forms part of the union
or district of Stradbally The church is in ruins.
MOYARTA, or Movferta, a parish, in the union of
KiLRUSH, barony of Moyarta, county of Clare, and
province of Munster, 9 miles (S. W.) from Kilrush,
and on the western coast ; containing 8597 inhabitants.
It forms part of a peninsula bounded on the north-west
by the Atlantic and on the south-east by the river Shan-
non, and comprises 15,6l3i statute acres, the greater
part of which is under tillage ; sea-weed and sand are
extensively used for manure, and the state of agriculture
is gradually improving. Loose limestone is found in
the cliffs on that part of the coast called the White
Strand. Within the limits of the parish are the bay of
Carrigaholt (noticed in the article on that place), the
creek of Querin, and part of an inlet called Scagh or
Poulanishery, all on the Shannon side of the peninsula.
Querin creek produces fine shrimps and flat-fish, and
affords a safe harbour for the boats that fit out here for
the herring-fishery. The inlet of Poulanishery, which
extends three miles inland in two different directions,
also affords safe anchorage for small vessels : a vast
quantity of turf is annually sent hence to Limerick and
other places, and at its mouth is a ferry, communicating
between Kilrush parish and " the West," as this penin-
sula is generally called. To distinguish by night the
proper course on entering the Shannon, a light has been
established on the summit of Kilkadrane Hill, red sea-
ward, with a bright fixed light towards the river. At
Kilkadrane is a station of the coast-guard, being one of
the six constituting the district of Miltown-Malbay. At
Querin is a residence, a curious building in the old
Dutch style, with a long projecting roof, which, together
-with the bricks, is said to have been made in Holland
for Mr. Vanhoogart, who built the house ; at Dunaha
is the ancient residence of the Moroney family.
The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe ; part of the rec-
tory is impropriate in the representatives of Lord Castle-
coo'te, and the remainder forms part of the corps of the
3 A '2
M O Y C
MOYG
prebend of Inniscattery ; the vicarage forms part of the
union of Kilrush. The tithe rent-charge is £353. 1. 6.,
of which £156. 14. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the incumbent, as prebendary and vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Dunaha, also called Carrigaholt, com-
prising the parishes of Moyarta and Kilballyhone, and
containing the chapels of Dunaha, Carrigaholt, and
Cross : that of Carrigaholt is a modern edifice. The
ruins of the church still remain ; and the burial-ground
contains some tombstones inscribed with the celebrated
French name Conti, some of which family are supposed
to have been visiters of the Clare family, at the neigh-
bouring castle of Carrigaholt. On a small spot con-
taining about an acre of land, nearly insulated by the
Atlantic, are the remains of Dunlicky Castle, the ap-
proach to which is guarded by a high and narrow tower
with a wall on each side ; at Knocknagarron stand the
remains of an old signal tower, or telegraph ; and at
Carrigaholt are those of the castle called Carrick-an-
oultagh, or "the Ulsterman's rock," said to have been
built by a native of the county of Down, and once the
residence of the ancient family of Mac Mahon. — See
Carrigaholt.
MOYBOLOGUE.— See Bailieborough.
MOYCARKEY, a parish, in the union of Thurles,
barony of Eliogarty, county of Tipperary, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 3 miles (S.) from Thurles, and on
the road from Dublin, by way of Cashel, to Cork ; con-
taining 1493 inhabitants. This parish, which is partly
bounded by the river Suir, comprises 3S36 statute acres ;
about one-fifth is pasture, nearly the same proportion
waste and bog, and the remainder arable land. Tur-
tulla, a seat here, is pleasantly situated in a well-planted
demesne on the river Suir : there is a flour-mill on the
estate. The other seats are Maxfort, Cabrae Castle,
and Moycarkey Castle, the last the property of Viscount
Hawarden. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Cashel, forming pai-t of the union of Clo-
gher, and of the corps of the chancellorship of Cashel,
in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£150. In the Roman Catholic divisions Moycarkey is
the head of a district comprising also the parish of
Borrisleigh, and forming part of the Roman Catholic
archbishop's mensal : in each parish is a chapel ; that
of Moycarkey is a modern structure, situated near the
ruins of the church, which are considerable. The
ancient castle of Moycarkey, formerly the residence of
the Cantwell family, consists of a large square tower,
surrounded by an area which is inclosed by a strong
high wall having small towers at the east and west
angles ; the building was struck by lightning half a
century since, when a large breach was made in the
great tower, and also in the eastern wall.
MOYCULLEN, a parish, in the barony of Moy-
CULLEN, union and county of Galway, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, 4 miles (N. W.) from Galway, on the road
to Oughterard ; containing 6420 inhabitants. This
parish is bounded on the east by Lough Corrib, and
comprises 35,8<24i statute acres, of which 325S are in
the lough : the land is of very indifferent quality j and
there is a large quantity of reclaimable waste and bog.
In the village, which has a receiving-house for letters
under Galway, petty- sessions are held on alternate
Tuesdays, and fairs on Feb. 1 st. May 28th, Sept. 2nd,
364
and Dec. Sth. The principal seats are CurcuUen, Danes-
field, Drimcong, and Knockbane. The living is a rec-
tory and perpetual cure, in the diocese of Tuam ; the
rectory forms part of the wardenship of Galway, and
the perpetual curacy part of the union of Kilcummin.
The tithe rent-charge is £100, of which £75 are pay-
able to the warden of Galway, and the remainder to the
perpetual curate. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is in the diocese of Galway, partly in the district
of Spiddal, and partly a district in itself : the chapel is
a neat building. The late Rev. Francis Blake, P.P., left
£500 for erecting a school-house, to which sum the
Board of National Education added £200 ; a very good
building has accordingly been erected ; and another
school- house has been recently erected at the other end
of this extensive parish. A fine Danish fort at Danesfield
gives name to the estate on which it stands ; and there
are ruins of two old castles, which have obtained cele-
brity from being selected by Lady Morgan as the scene
of one of her novels : they may be seen from a great
distance. Roderic O'Flaherty, a learned Irish historian
and antiquary, was born here in 1630.
MOYDOW, a parish, in the barony of Moydow,
union and county of Longford, and province of Lein-
STER, 3^ miles (S.) from Longford, on the road to Ath-
lone ; containing 1919 inhabitants. Here is supposed
to have been the abbey of Kilmhodain, of which St.
Modan or Moduid " the Simple," who was bishop of
Carnfurbuidhe, was abbot in 591. The parish com-
prises 46 26 statute acres, of which about 203 are bog ;
the land is in general good, and the state of agriculture
improving. A peculiar kind of stone, called pudding-
stone, is found on the isolated mountain of Slieve-Galrj%
on the southern confines of the parish ; and there is a
quarry of freestone, which is worked for flags. Road
sessions are occasionally held here for the district ; and
there is a station of the constabulary police. The seats
are. Mount Jessop, pleasantly situated on a small river
which flows through the demesne, and which, having
been widened, adds much to the beauty of the scenery ;
Townend ; Castleray ; and Bawn House.
The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Ardagh ; the rectory is partly impropriate in Messrs. Pon-
sonby and Palliser, and partly, with the vicarage, episco-
pally united to the rectory and vicarage of Teighshynod,
in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent -charge of
the parish is £145, of which £2 are payable to the im-
propriators, and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe
here comprises 58 acres of good land, valued at £1 1*. 2. 6.
per annum, and there is also a glebe in the parish of
Teighshynod ; the gross value of the benefice, tithe and
glebes inclusive, is £430 per annum. The glebe-house
was built in 1S30, at an expense of £840 Irish, of which
£600 were a loan, and £200 a gift, from the late Board of
First Fruits. The church is a small plain building with-
out a tower, erected about 90 years since, and is in good
repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the union of Ardagh, and has a chapel at
Moydow. At the base of Slieve-Galry are the remains
of an ancient castle, formerly belonging to the O'Ferrals.
There is a chalybeate spring, but not used for medicinal
purposes.
MOYGLARE, a parish, in the union of Celbridge,
barony of Upper Deece, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 2^: miles (E.) from Kilcock, on the
M O YL
road to Dunboyne ; containing 363 inhabitants. It
comprises 4558|- statute acres of good laiid, chiefly in
pasture; and contains Moyglare, a handsome mansion,
situated in an extensive and well- planted demesne ; and
the house of Moygaddy. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Meatb, and in the patronage
of Henry Arabin, Esq., of Dublin : the tithe rent-charge
is £l6l. 1'2., and the glebe comprises 4|- acres, valued
at £11. .">. per annum. The glebe-house was erected in
1815, by aid of a gift of £400, and a loan of £390,
from the Board of First Fruits. The church is an
ancient plain edifice. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Batterstown,
or Kilcloon. Near the church are some remains of a
castle.
MOYLARY, a parish, in the union of Drogheda,
barony of Ferraud, county of Loi'th, and province of
Leinster, ly mile (S. by W.) from Dunleer, and on the
road from Dublin to Dundalk ; containing 1079 in-
habitants. It comprises SGaof statute acres, chiefly
under tillage : the soil is in general light; there is some
marshy bog ; and within the limits of the parisli are
several quarries of good building-stone. Stone House
is situated in a neat demesne. The parish is a rectory
and perpetual cure, in the diocese of Armagh, the rectory
forming part of the union of Dunlecr ; the perpetual
cure, erected in 1818, is in the gift of the Incumbent.
The tithe rent-charge is £I'29. 1*. ; and the stipend
of the curate is £105. 7. per annum, of which £50 are
payable by the rector of Drumcar, under certain stipu-
lations in Primate Marsh's will, and the remainder by
the incumbent of Moylary. The glebe, comprising ISjp
acres, is held by the curate, subject to a rent of
£'27. 13. The glebe-house was built in IS'20, at an ex-
pense of £507. 13., British, of which £450 Irish were a
gift and £50 a loan from the Board of First Fruits.
The church is a neat modern structure, altered and re-
paired in ISll by a parochial assessment amounting to
£300 Irish. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Moylary, also
called the district of Ballymakenny, comprising this
parish and parts of Drumshallon and Ballymakenny,
and containing the chapels of Tenure in Moylary and
Fieldstown in Drumshallon.
MOYLISKER, orMoLVSKAR, a parish, in the union
of MuLLiNGAR, barony of Fartullagh, county of
Westmeath, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (S.)
from Mullingar, on the road to Tyrrell's-Pass ; contain-
ing '240 inhabitants. It is situated on the eastern shore
of Lough Innel, and comprises 21S3| statute acres of
land, generally good, and (with the exception of some
small moors) either in tillage or pasture ; limestone
abounds, and the state of agriculture is improving.
Near the church is a small lake, from which the parish
takes its name. Petty-sessions are held at Moylisker
every Wednesday. Among the seats is Belvedere, the
property of Lord Lanesborough, occupying a beautiful
situation on the summit of a small hill in the centre of
an amphitheatre of other hills, whence a fine lawn de-
scends to the shore of Lough Innel, diversified by its
islands and the finely wooded promontory of Rochfort.
Adjoining the promontory is Rochfort House, the seat
of the Rochfort family, one of the finest mansions in
the county ; it is surrounded by a demesne of great
beauty, separated from that of Belvedere bv a large pile
365
M O Y L
of artificial castellated ruins. On a rising ground be-
hind Rochfort House is Tallyho. The other seats are
Annaville and Tyrrell's-Town. The living is a rectory,
in the diocese of Meath, united at a period unknown to
the rectories of Lynn and Carrick, together constituting
the union of Moylisker, in the patronage of the Crown.
The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £48. 15. ; and
the gross value of the benefice, tithe and glebe in( lu-
sive, before the passing of the Rent-charge act was
£366. 3. The glebe and glebe-house are in the parish
of Lynn. The church is an ancient structure : it was
enlarged in 1807, at an expense of £394. 3. ; and the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £129. 11.
for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of INIullingar. There
are several raths in the parish, and at Tyrrell's-Town
are the remains of an old castle. Belvedere gave the
title of Earl to the family of Rochfort, until the death
of the last earl in 1814.
MOYLOUGH, a parish, in the union of Ballin-
asloe, partly in the barony of Killian, but chiefly
in that of Tyaquin, county of Galway, and province of
Connaught, 3 miles (E.) from Dangan, and on the
coach-road from Dublin to Tuam ; containing, with the
market-town of Mount-Bellew-Bridge (which is sepa-
rately described), 724S inhabitants. This parish com-
prises 23,3S6f statute acres, of which some portions are
good and profitable land, and others of very inferior
quality ; there are large tracts of bog and waste, which
might be easily reclaimed under a better system of
cultivation, and some low and marshy land, which might
be drained at a comparatively moderate expense. The
state of agriculture, though improving, is still very de-
fective. Limestone abounds, and is quarried for burn-
ing into lime, for building, and for making roads ; there
are also some ridges of limestone-gravel. Considerable
quantities or coarse linen are manufactured by the
peasantry. Mount Bellew, the seat of Sir M. D. Bel-
lew, Bart., is situated in a demesne of 600 acres, richly
wooded, and embellished with an artificial lake of great
beauty ; in the house are a valuable collection of paint-
ings, and an extensive library. Windfield is a good
mansion in a well-wooded demesne, commanding some
fine views ; the other seats are Cooloo, Summerville,
Silk Mount, and Moat Lodge. The village of Moy-
lough, which is also called Xewtown-Bellew, contains
about 500 inhabitants; it is situated nearly in the
centre of the parish, and has a receiving-house for
letters under Castle-Blakeney. Fairs are held on May
28th, June 21st, Aug. 10th, Oct. llth, and Nov. &th,
for cattle and pigs, and for linen, linen-yarn, and wool.
Petty-sessions are held once a fortnight at Mount-
Bellew-Bridge ; at which place is also held, on the first
Monday in every month, the court for the manor of
Castle- Bellew, which was granted by patent to the
Bellew family bearing date the 36th of Charles II. A
coach from "Tuam to Dublin, and a car to Balhnasloe,
pass through the parish daily.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Tuam, episcopally united to the rectories and vicar-
ages of Ballinakilly or Aghiart, and Kilmacrean, and to
the vicarage of Kilraoylan, together forming the union
of Moylough, in the patronage of the Archbishop. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £525. The glebe-
house, towards the erection of which the late Board of
M O Y N
M O Y N
First Fruits contributed a gift of £"200 and a loan of
£500, is a handsome residence ; and the glebe com-
prises 15§ acres, valued at £18. 15. per annum. The
gross revenue of the benefice, including glebe and tithe,
is £1086. S. The church, a neat edifice with a tower,
was erected in 1808, the Board of First Fruits advancing
a loan of £200. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a union, called sometimes Aghiart,
and comprising also the parishes of Aghiart and Killas-
cobe : there are three chapels, of which two are in this
parish ; one in the village of INIoylough, a handsome
edifice, occupying a site given by Mr. Bellew, who also
gave £300 towards its erection ; the other in the de-
mesne of Mount Bellew, an elegant edifice with a lofty
tower, built by the late Mr. Bellew. There are some
Danish raths, and the ruins of an ancient castle.
IMOYLOUGH, a parish, in the poor-law union of
Oldcastle, barony of Demifore, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 3 miles (S.) from Oldcastle,
and on the great road from Dublin to Sligo ; containing
'2*69 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Inny,
which rises here and falls into Lough Sheelin ; and
comprises 7457 statute acres. Agriculture has but
little improved: there is scarcely any bog; limestone
abounds, and several quarries are extensively worked.
The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, form-
ing part of the union of Loughcrew : the tithe rent-
charge is £138. 9. In the Roman Cathohc divisions
the parish is part of the union of Oldcastle : the chapel
is a handsome building in the later English style, and is
embellished with a painting over the altar ; it was erected
at an expense of £1000. Some of the foundations of
the church, which belonged to the abbey of Fore, are
still discernible ; and there are remains of an ancient
castle, of which no historical details are extant.
MOYMET, a parish, in the union of Trim, barony
of Upper Navan, county of Meath, and province of
Leinster, '2 miles (N. W.) from Trim, on the road to
Kells and Navan ; containing 554 inhabitants. It com-
prises S'ass statute acres, consisting of arable and pas-
ture land of good and middling quality. There is
abundance of limestone, used for building. Lord Sher-
borne lately constructed a good house here, with which
part of the old castle of Kilbride is incorporated : this
house, and the entire of his property in the parish, have
since been sold by his lordship to the Rotherham
family. The living, lately suppressed, was a rectory
in the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of the
Crown : the tithe rent-charge is £173. 1. 6., now paid
to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners ; and the curate of
the adjoining parish of Kildalkey is appointed by the
bishop to perform the occasional duties. The glebe-
house was erected by aid of a gift of £400, and a loan
of £400, in 181'2, from the late Board of First Fruits;
it is now let to a private family : the glebe comprises
10 acres, valued at £15. 15. per annum. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprisins; the parishes of Moymet, Churchtown, Tully-
hauogue, Rataine, Kilcooly, and ClonmacdufiF, in which
union are two chapels, in Moymet and Churchtown.
MOYNALTY, a post-town and parish, in the union
of Kells, barony of Lower Kells, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (N.) from Kells,
and 35 miles (N. W.) from Dublin ; on the road from
Bailieborough to Dublin, by way of Navan and Kells
366
and on a branch of the river Blackwater ; containing
6279 inhabitants, of whom 130 are in the town. Dur-
ing the disturbances of 1798, a battle took place at
Petersville, in this parish, between a party of the insur-
gents and the king's troops. The parish comprises
1 2,678} statute acres; about one-third is good land,
one-third raiddhng, and the remainder indifferent : the
land is principally under tillage, and the system of
agriculture is improving ; there is a small quantity of
bog, and some extensive limestone-quarries are worked
both for manure and building. The town or village,
which is of recent erection, was, till within the last
few years, composed of cabins ; it is now clean and
well-built, and comprises 25 detached houses, noted for
their neatness, with the church at one of its extremities,
and the Roman Catholic chapel at the other. The im-
provement has been effected by J. Farrell, Esq., the pre-
sent proprietor, who has also, by extensive and judicious
plantations, greatly benefited the surrounding country,
and has erected some substantial farmhouses on bis
estate. Petty-sessions are held once a fortnight. The
principal seats are, Moynalty Lodge, the residence of
the Farrell family ; Kingsfort ; Westland ; Cherry
Mount ; Walterstown ; Petersville ; Donover ; Skirk ;
and Westland Cottage. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of the Crown ;
the tithe rent-charge is £412. 10. The glebe-house, a
handsome building, was erected in 17 92, at an expense
of £847 ; the glebe comprises 13 acres, valued at £26
per annum. The church was built in 1819, by aid of a
loan of £1000 from the Board of First Fruits. The
Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the
Established Church, and contains two chapels : that
at Moynalty is a neat stone edifice, built in 1824,
at an expense of £1000 ; the other is a new building at
Newcastle : both have paintings over the altars. There
is a dispensary. A castle formerly stood here, which
was the residence of the Farnham family ; but no re-
mains of it are now in existence.
MOYNALVEY, a village, in the parish of Kilmore,
barony of Upper Deece, county of Westmeath, and
province of Leinster; containing about 13 dwellings
and 76 inhabitants. Here is a Roman Catholic chapel
belonging to the union of Kilmore, a large plain struc-
ture, erected by subscription in 1834.
MOYNE, or Mayne, a parish, in the union of
Thurles, barony of Eliogarty, county of Tipperary,
and province of Munster, 4^ miles (N. E.) from Thurles ;
containing 2584 inhabitants, of whom 156 are in the
village. It comprises 9514 statute acres. Here is plenty
of limestone, and a good deal of bog. Moyne is a con-
stabulary police station. The chief seats are, Lisheen,
a handsome castellated building ; Fortfield ; and Killo-
ran. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Cashel, united to the rectory and vicarage of Kil-
clonagh, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge of Moyne is £359. 18., and of the entire
benefice £393. 13. The glebe-house was erected in 1823,
by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of £900 from the
Board of First Fruits. The church was built in 1815,
by aid of a gift of £800 from the same Board. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a
district, comprising this parish and those of Kilclonagh
and Templetuohy, in which union are two chapels ; that
of IMoyne is a very neat building.
M O Y N
MOYNE, a parish, in the union of Shillelagh,
barony of South Ballinacor, county of Wicklow,
and province of Leinster ; containing 1100 inhabitants.
This parish, which is situated on the confines of the
county of Carlow, comprises 846 1^ statute acres, in the
mountain district; and was formed in 1813, by dis-
iniiting certain townlands from the parish of Ilackets-
town. The only house of importance is Coolbalhntaggart,
a handsome mansion with a front of hewn granite, situ-
ated in a demesne tastefully laid out and commanding
some fine mountain views. The living is a perpetual
curacy, in the diocese of Leighlin, and in the patronage
of the Incumbent of Hacketstown : the tithe rent-charge
is £138. 9. 3. The church was built in 1814. The
glebe-house, towards which the Board of First Fruits
contributed £450, and a loan of £50, in 1817, is a neat
building ; the glebe comprises 20^ acres of arable and
pasture land, including a small portion of bog. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Hacketstown.
MOYNISILMORE, an island, in the parish and
barony of Burrishoole, union of Westport, county of
Mayo, and province of Connaught. It is situated in
Clew bay, and comprises 61^ statute acres.
MOYNOE, a parish, in the barony of Upper Tulla,
union of Scariff, county of Clare, and province of
MvNSTER, S miles (N. N. W) from Killaloe ; containing
14/5 inhabitants. It is situated on the confines of the
county of Galway, and extends to within a mile of the
town of Scariff; comprising 9848^ statute acres of
land, inclusive of a large portion of coarse mountain-
pasture and bog. The only house is Moynoe House.
The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe ; the rectory is
appropriate to the economy fund of the cathedral of
Killaloe, and the vicarage forms part of the union of
Inniscalthra : the tithe rent-charge is £6'2. 6., of which
£34. l^. 4. are payable to the economy fund, and the
remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is part of the district of Scariff. The
ruins of the church still remain.
MOYNRATH.— See Mountrath.
MOYNTAGHS, or Ardmore, a parish, in the union
of LuRGAN, barony of Oneilland East, county of
Armagh, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (N. W.) from
Lurgan, on the road to Stewartstown, by way of the
Bannfoot ferry ; containing 4480 inhabitants. This pa-
rish is situated on the southern shore of Lough Neagh,
and bounded on the south-west by the river Bann ; it
comprises 18,098^ statute acres, of which 1'2,178 are in
Lough Neagh, 305| in Lough GuUion, and 83 acres in
the Bann. About one-half of the land is arable, and
the remainder bog, which Lord Lurgan has attempted
to drain and reclaim. For this purpose he erected a
windmill, which was soon destroyed by a storm, and
was replaced by a steam-engine, which proved ineffec-
tual. An extensive embankment was formed across
Lough Gulliou. and the steam-engine long employed in
draining it ; but all these efforts were defeated, as the
water seemed to return by subterranean springs. Agri-
cultural pursuits, fishing, weaving linen, and working
the turf-bog, are the principal employments of the in-
habitants. Raughlin, the seat of the Forde family, is
surrounded by plantations, gardens, and pleasure-grounds
of a luxuriant character, and commands splendid views
of the lake and the counties of Tyrone, Derry, Antrim,
367
M O Y R
Down, and Armagh : in the lake is an island, planted
with fruit-trees and evergreens; the whole forming a
beautiful spot in the midst of a boggy and unproductive
tract. On the opposite shore is the glebe-house.
Moyntaghs was formerly part of the parish of Seagoe,
but in 1765 was erected into a separate parish. By
charter of James I., the rectory had been made one of
the five constituting the union of Donaghclony and
corps of the archdeaconry of the diocese of Dromore, to
which it remained united until 1832, when, by act of
council, the union was dissolved, and it was united and
consolidated with the vicarage ; the living is now a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dromore, and in
the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is
£40. 19. 4.; besides which, the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners grant £71. 2. out of Primate Boulter's fund.
The glebe-house was erected by aid of a gift of £415. 7.,
and a loan of £55. 7., British currency, from the Board
of First Fruits, in 1820; the glebe comprises 13 acres,
valued at £16. 5. per annum. A small church was
built in 1760, close to the shore of Lough Neagh, but
was blown down in a storm on Nov. 4th, 1783; after
which accident the present one was built, in 1785, on a
more eligible site : its elevated situation, and tapering
spire, render it an interesting object when viewed from
the lake or any of the neighbouring shores. The Board
of First Fruits gave £276. 18., British currency, towards
its erection. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Seagoe. Lord Lurgan
lately built a village near the Bannfoot ferry, naming it
Charlestown ; he obtained a patent for a fair on the
first Monday in every month, but it has not yet suc-
ceeded. This village is seven miles from Lurgan, Porta-
down, and Stewartstown, being intentionally equidistant
from each of these towns.
MOYRUS, a parish, in the union of Cufden,
barony of Ballinahinch or Ballynahinch, county
of Galway, and province of Connaught; approaching
the town of Clifden in its north-western part, and con-
taining 11,969 inhabitants. A monastery for Carmelite
or White friars was founded at Ballinahinch, in 1356 ;
and another at Tombeola, for Dominican friars, about
the year 1427, by the O'Flahertys, dynasts of lar Con-
naught : in the beginning of Elizabeth's reign, the latter
building was wholly demolished for the materials, which
were used in the erection of the castle in the lake of
Balhnahinch. In 1831, a famine raged in this district,
in consequence of the failure of the potato- crop, and
1200 families were reduced to the most appalling state
of destitution, until assistance in money and food from
the London Relief Committee was afforded, which res-
cued thousands from death.
The parish is situated upon the western coast ; it
extends from the Killery harbours, on the south, to the
bays of Roundstone and Birterbuy, on the north, across
a wild and mountainous district, and comprises 100,5 10|-
statute acres. The village of Roiiiidstoiie, on the bay of
that name, is situated in lat. 53" 23' 30" (N.), and iu
Ion. 9° 51' 30" CVV.). The bay is capable of sheltering
the largest ships, the best anchorage being in four or
five fathoms of water, on the Innisnee shore, a little
above the point of that island : vessels of considerable
burthen may go up to the pier, which is dry at low
water along' the quay wall, or lie safe off the village.
The pier and quay were built by government ; they are
M O Y R
MUCK
frequented bj' about 30 sailing-boats averaging 10 tons,
and 40 rowing-boats of 4 tons each, the former being
occasionally engaged in taking corn, kelp, and turf to
Gahvay. About "250 persons are thus employed in
trading and fishing. The entrance to Birlerbuy bay is
an opening to the eastward of Innislackan, about three
cables' length wide : the bay is a safe harbour, capable
of accommodating the largest ships, being about four
miles in length, and one in breadth, besides its inlets ;
it has upwards of six fathoms of water, over a surface
of about 1200 acres. Between Mynish Island and the
mainland is the bay of Jrdwest, which is only frequented
by fishing-boats. The Little Killery or Salbroke harbour,
in the parish of Ballynakill, is sheltered, the ground
good, and it has a depth of water for vessels of any size;
but, being narrow^ vessels must have a leading wind out
and in, as they cannot ride with above half a cable.
The rocks at the entrance are never quite covered, but
the water is deep on each side of them ; the best an-
chorage is near the head of the bay. The Great, or
larger, Killery harbour is commodious, and fit for the
largest ships, having good anchorage in all parts, though
liable to sudden squalls from the mountains. The river
of Balhnahinch has a large salmon-fishery, and the bay
of Ardwest is noted for its fine herrings. The females
of the parish are mostly engaged in spinning yarn and
knitting stockings.
In this parish are quarries of green marble. The
principal is in the mountain Barrnonarane (one of the
Twelve Pins), where, to the extent of three miles, the
surface appears to be entirely composed of this marble ;
another quarry has been opened at Lessoughtcr, and at
each of the quarries blocks of 15, 18, and 10 tons'
weight are raised. A little to the south of the green
marble is a large tract of white marble, lately disco-
vered, of which a few blocks have been raised, extremely
large, and sufficiently white for general purposes ; a mass
11 feet in length and proportionally broad has been
excavated. The distance is only five miles from the
Barrnonarane quarry to the shipping pier in Roundstone
bay, and an excellent road has been made. A new line
of road formed by government, as a continuation of
the Oughterard road to Clifden, was lately opened, the
expense of which was soon repaid by the increased
duties of excisable commodities consumed in the dis-
trict. The river of Ballinahinch, which runs from the
lake of the same name into Roundstone bay, could be
made navigable at a moderate expense, and thus open a
communication of more than six miles of still water, as
several other lakes require only a very narrovv cut to
unite them. Situated amidst bold and picturesque moun-
tains, among which the Twelve Pins rise majestically from
the borders of the lake of Ballinahinch, is the seat of the
Martin family ; Benboun, one of the Twelve Pins, rises
■239.5 feet above the sea. The parish is a rectory in the
diocese of Tuam, forming part of the union of Ballyna-
kill: the tithe rent-charge is £38. 1. 6. Divine service
is celebrated, twice every Sunday and once on festivals,
in a private house in the southern part of the parish.
The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of
the Established Church ; there are two chapels, besides
which, service is performed in a private house at Round-
stone. In Ard hay are the ruins of Ard Castle; on a
small island in the centre of the lake of Ballinahinch
are the ruins of the castle before mentioned; and at
368
Tombeola, at the head of Roundstone bay, are the ruins
of a small chapel.
MOYS, a village, in the parish of Tamlaght-Finla-
GAN, union of Newtown-Limavady, barony of Ke-
NAGHT, county of Londonderry, and province of
McNSTER ; containing SI houses, and l6l inhabitants.
MOYVIDDY.— See Moviddy.
MOYVORE, or Templepatrick, a parish, in the
union of Mullingar, barony of Rathconrath, county
of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, 9^ miles
(W.) from Mullingar, on the road to Ballyraahon ; con-
taining 627 inhabitants, of whom 190 are in the village.
The parish comprises 2151 statute acres ; a considerable
portion is bog, and the remainder, which is of good
quality, chiefly under tillage : limestone abounds. The
village consists of 32 houses, and is a constabulary police
station ; fairs are held on May 4th, iVug. 20th, and
Dec. 5th. The parish is in the diocese of Meath, and
is entirely impropriate in the representatives of the
Earl of Belvedere ; the Protestant parishioners attend
the church of Almoritia. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is the head of a district, comprising the
parishes of Moyvore, Forgney, and Piercetown, in which
union are two chapels, one in each of the two latter
places. At Templepatrick are the remains of an old
fortress, and within the limits of the parish are several
raths.
MUCK, an island, in the parish of Kilmactrany,
union of Boyle, barony of Tiraghrill, county of
Sligo, and province of Connaught. It is situated in
Lough Arrow, and comprises 2l| statute acres.
MUCKALEE, or Muckully, a parish, in the barony
of Fassadining, union and county of Kilkenny, and
province of Leinster, 3 miles (S.) from Castlecomer,
on the road to Kilkenny, and on the river Dinin ; con-
taining 1101 inhabitants. From the similarity of name,
and its situation, it is supposed that this place was the
Magh-ailbee where, according to Keating, Cormac, King
of Munster, the King of Ossory, and various other
chieftains, were slain in 913. A battle appears to have
been fought in the vicinity, as a burial-ground is marked
by a number of upright stones, south-east of Purcell's
hill, where the slain were interred. The parish com-
prises 3*06 statute acres. It is a vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Ossory, forming part of the union of Dunmore ;
the rectory is impropriate in the corporation of Kil-
kenny, and the tithe rent-charge is £112. 10., of which
£75 are payable to the corporation, and the remainder
to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Mucka-
lee forms part of the district of Templeorum. On the
neighbouring hill of Knockmajor is a small circular
inclosure ; in the valley beneath, towards Wildfield,
many old spearheads have been found, and the late
Mr. Ellis found here in digging, a gold ornament, or
bodkin, supposed to be one of those worn by the ancient
Celtic chieftains to fasten their cloaks. Yellow ochre,
of a soft quality, is found at Wildfield ; there is a weak
chalybeate spring near the church of Coolcullen.
MUCKAMORE, a grange, in the barony of Lower
Massereene, union and county of Antrim, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 1 mile (S. E.) from Antrim ; containing
1740 inhabitants. This place, anciently lilach-airi-mar,
or the " Great Field of Adoration," is situated on the
Six-mile-water ; and comprises 3921^ statute acres, ex-
clusively of 1519 acres covered by Lough Neagh. It
MUCK
probably derived its name from its having been, during
the times of Druidical superstition, a place selected for
the performance of tlie religious rites of that people ; a
rude pillar consisting of a single stone, now called the
" Hole stone," or " Old stone," is supposed to comme-
morate the fact. A monastery was founded in 550,
by Colman Elo, who is commonly, from the great num-
ber of churches that he founded, called St. Columbkill.
This establishment acquired great celebrity, and, not-
withstanding the internal wars which distracted the
country, continued to flourish till the 32nd of Henry
Vin., when it was delivered up to the king's commis-
sioners by Bryan Doyomahallon, its last abbot. Soon
after the conquest of Ulster, in 117-, De Courcy visited
this monastery, confirmed to the monks all their former
possessions, and extended their ancient privileges ; to
which were added a grant of free warren, with an annual
fair and a monthly market, by Henry VI., in 1430. In
the ISth of James I., the place was granted by letters-
patent to Sir Roger Langford, from whom it descended
to the earls of Massereene, under whom it is held on
lease for lives renewable in perpetuity. Only a very
small portion of this once splendid pile is now remain-
ing ; but the extensive cemetery is still the burial-place
of the surrounding district. Its situation was one of
the finest that could have been selected, comprehending
every advantage of wood and water, and every variety
of hill and dale, with a pleasingly undulating surface,
and a soil of exuberant fertility.
The whole of the grange, which is extra-parochial, is
in the highest state of cultivation, and is drained, fenced,
planted, and stocked, upon the English system. Mucka-
more House, Greenmount, The Lodge, and New Lodge,
are handsome mansions delightfully situated in grounds
tastefully and elegantly laid out. Close to the ruins-of
the abbey, and on the Six-mile-water, is a very exten-
sive bleach-green, at which more than 80,000 pieces of
linen are annually finished for the London market ; on
the same river are another bleach-green on a smaller
scale, an extensive paper-manufactory, and one of the
most complete flour mills in the county, in which ^SOO
tons of grain are annually ground. These works afford
employment to the labouring population of the liberty,
and also to many from the town of Antrim. The fair
granted by Henry VI. is held in the village of Oldstone,
on the l'2th of June, and is the largest horse-fair in the
province. The members of the Established Church
attend divine service in the church of Antrim. Within
the liberty are several raths and forts, two of the first
of which are very extensive and in a perfect state ; there
are also remains of cromlechs. Among the ruins of
the abbey, two silver candlesticks and other valuable
relies are said to have been discovered some years
since.
MUCKINISH, an island, in the parish and barony
of BvRRisnooLE, union of Westport, county of May j,
and province of Connaught. It lies in Newport bay,
and comprises '26 statute acres.
MUCKNOE, a parish, in the union of Castle-
Blayney, barony of Cremor.ne, county of Monaghan,
and province of Ulster, on the road from Carrickma-
cross to Armagh ; containing, with the post-town of
Castle-Blayney (which is separately described), 990'i
inhabitants. This parish comprises 17,194 statute acres,
whereof 377| are in Mucknoe lake, and 163 in smaller
Vol. II.— 369
MUFF
lakes ; the land consists chiefly of arable and pasture,
but there are large detached tracts of bog, and a con-
siderable portion is mountain, among which Mullyash
rises 1034 feet above the level of the sea. The principal
crops are oats, flax, and potatoes : stone-quarries are
worked for building ; and there are two corn-mills.
Monthly fairs are held at Castle-Blayney. Castle-Blay-
ney, the seat of Lord Blayney, is noticed under the head
of that town. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Clogher, and in the patronage of the
Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £327- -• The glebe-
house was erected in 1828, at an expense of £1027, of
which £184 were a gift and £553 a loan from the Board
of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 20 acres, valued
at £39 per annum. The church stands in Castle-Blay-
ney ; it was erected in 1810 by a loan of £1000 from
the same Board, and gifts of £200 from the late Lord
Blayney, £100 from Lord Templeton, and £50 from
Lady Elizabeth Alexander. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is partly in the union of Clontibret,
and partly a benefice in itself ; it has two chapels, one
at Oram, and the other in Castle-Blayney, which is a
neat building. There are four places of worship for
Presbyterians ; one in the town, in connexion with the
General Assembly ; two at Frankfort and Garmoney
Grove, in connexion with the Assembly ; and one be-
longing to the Scotch Covenanters. There is also a
meeting- house for Wesleyan Methodists.
MUCKROSS.— See Killarney, county Kerry.
MUFF, a village, in the parish of Enniskeen, union
of Bailiedorough, barony of Clonkee, county of
Cavan, and province of Ulster, adjoining the post-
town of Kingscourt, on the road to Bailieborough ; the
population is returned with the parish. It contains a
few scattered houses, and a Roman Catholic chapel : a
fair for horses is held annually on the 12th of August,
and is well attended. There are some ruins of an
ancient castle said to have been destroyed by Crom-
well.
MUFF, an ecclesiastical district, in the union of
Londonderry, barony of Ennishowen, county of
Donegal, and province of Ulster, 5 miles (N. N. \V.)
from Londonderry, on the road to Moville ; containing
4037 inhabitants, of whom 248 are in the village.
Aileach Castle, now only a noble ruin, stands on the
summit of a lofty hill, and appears to have been the
residence of the princes of the country for many cen-
turies ; in the reign of Elizabeth it was occupied by the
O'Dohertys, who, in 1601, were conquered by Sir H.
Docwra, who afterwards held their lands from the queen.
Sir Cahir O'Doherty, the chieftain of Ennishowen, on
May 1st, 1608, invited Captain Hart, the English go-
vernor of Culmore Fort, and his lady, to the castle, under
the guise of friendship ; when he seized and made them
prisoners, exacting such orders from the governor as
secured the chieftain's own admittance into Culmore
Fort ; having succeeded in obtaining which, he massacred
the garrison, took possession of the fort, and, on the
same night, captured Derry, putting Sir G. Paulett, the
governor, to death. Aileach Castle was shortly after-
wards re-taken by the English, under Lord-Deputy
Wingfield, by whose orders it was dismantled ; and it
has ever since remained in ruins.
This district is bounded on the east by Lough Foyle,
and comDrises 15,030 statute acres, of which about four-
^ 3B
MUFF
MULL
fifths are good arable land under an excellent system of
cultivation ; the remainder is mountainous and unpro-
ductive. The village wears a neat appearance, the
houses being clean and well built : a fair is held on
Dec. nth. It has a receiving-house for letters under
Londonderry and Moville ; a dispensary ; a constabulary
police station ; and a court for the manor of Muff held
on the second Tuesday in every month, for the recovery
of debts under 40s. Kilderry is the residence of Captain
Hart, and Birdstown of the Rev. P. B. Maxwell. The
living is a perpetual euro, in the diocese of Derry, and
in the patronage of the Dean ; it was erected in 1809,
when thirteen townlands were separated from the parish
of Templemore. The tithe rent-charge belongs to the
dean : the income of the curate is £100, late currency,
arising from £23 paid out of the Augmentation funds
of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and from a stipend
from the dean. The church is a small neat edifice in
the Gothic style of architecture, built about a century
since by the ancestor of the late General Hart, of Kil-
derry ; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately
granted £379 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Bluff forms part of the district of Templemore.
The fort of Culmore is within this district, though
usually considered to be extra-parochial.
MUFF, a village, in the parish of Faughanvale,
barony of Tirkeeran, union and county of London-
derry, and province of Ulster, 6 miles (N. E.byE.)
from Londonderry, on the old road to Coleraine ; con-
taining 127 inhabitants. This place owes its origin to
the Grocers' Company of London, to whom, on the set-
tlement of Ulster, James L granted the adjacent lands,
on which the company erected a large bawn and a strong
castle, defended by a garrison of their own tenantry.
The castle was besieged in 1641 by the insurgents under
Colonel M'^Donnell, and gallantly defended by the gar-
rison during the winter of that year, till relieved in the
following summer by the troops from Derry ; it after-
wards fell into the hands of the parliamentarians, by
whom it was dismantled. The company, in 1626,
erected a church here, which continued till 1821 to be
the parish church of Faughanvale; and on the expiration
of the leases, which they had granted for long terms,
they resumed the management of their estate in 1819,
since which period very considerable improvements have
been made. The company's manor comprehends 38
townlands, extending into the parishes of Lower Cumber
and Clondermot, and comprising 16,500 statute acres.
The village has been entirely rebuilt ; the houses are
large and of handsome appearance, the streets spacious
and regularly laid out, and the roads leading to them
well constructed and kept in good repair. Li conjunc-
tion with the resident gentry of the neighbourhood, the
company in 1827 established an agricultural school at
Templemoyle, with which a classical school at Fallowlee
is connected ; and, for its use, allotted 140 acres for
experiments in practical farming, in consideration of
which they send three free pupils into the school. Fairs
are held on the first Thursday in Feb., May, Aug., and
Nov., for cattle, sheep, pigs, and various articles of mer-
chandise. A receiving-house for letters has been esta-
blished under Londonderry ; a constabulary police force
is stationed here, and petty-sessions are held on the
first Tuesday in every month. A manorial court is
held monthly before the seneschal, for the recovery of
370
debts under 40s. ; the court and market house is a spa-
cious and handsome building in the centre of the vil-
lage. The old church built by the company having
fallen into decay, a new church in the early English
style was erected in 1821, towards which a loan of
£1000 was granted by the late Board of First Fruits;
the glebe-house (erected by the company), a dispensary,
and an almshouse for 20 poor widows, are also in the
village. There are some remains of the old parish
church ; but not a vestige of the bawn or castle, except
the vaults of the latter, can be traced.
MULLACREW, a village, in the parish, barony,
and county of Louth, union of Dundalk, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 6| miles (S. W.) from Dundalk, and
on the road from Ardee, by Louth, to Castle-Blayney ;
containing 134 houses, and 627 inhabitants. It is much
resorted to as one of the most extensive marts for wool
in Ireland, and for its fairs for cattle and pigs, which
are held on Feb. 2nd, March 25th, April 4th, May 1st,
June 17th (the great wool fair), July 26th, Aug. 15th,
Sept. 8th, Oct. 18th, Nov. I6th, and Dec. 21st.
MULLAGH, a market-town and parish, in the
union of Kells, barony of Castlerahan, county of
Cavan, and province of Ulster, 6 miles (N. N. W.) from
Kells, on the road to Bailieborough ; containing 6526
inhabitants, of whom 368 are in the town. This parish
is situated on the confines of the county of Meath, and
comprises 12,873 statute acres, of which 140f are
water, and large tracts bog and mountain ; the general
quality of the land is good. There is abundance of stone
for building ; some slate is found on the glebe, and coal
exists, but is not worked. The town, which consists of
72 houses, is a constabulary police .station ; and petty-
sessions are held on alternate Mondays. It has a
weekly market ; and fairs for the sale of cattle and pigs,
oats, butter, and flax, are held on Jan. 29th, March
25th, May 27th, July 29th, Sept. 30th, and Nov. 25th.
Here is a dispensary. The principal seats are Lake
View and Quilca House. The living is a perpetual
curacy, in the diocese of Kilraore, and in the gift of
the Incumbent of Killenkere. The income of the per-
petual curate is £78. 2., of which £55 are payable by
the vicar of Killenkere, and £23. 2. by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners out of Primate Boulter's fund : he has
also the glebe, comprising 20 acres, and valued at £20
per annum ; and the glebe-house, which was built by
aid of a gift of £450 and a loan of £50, in 1S22, from
the Board of First Fruits. The church is a neat struc-
ture in good repair, built in 1819, at an expense of
£1107, being a loan from the same Board. The Roman
Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church, and contains two chapels, one at Cor-
nakill, and one at Chapel-Cross. There are also meet-
ing-houses for Presbyterians and Independents. Ruins
of an ancient church and of a chapel of ease exist. The
site of the castle on the western side of the lake of
Mullagh is now occupied by a cottage j the castle was
destroyed by Cromwell. Quilca House, in which Dean
Swift wrote GiiUivers Travels, and The Tale of a Tub,
was the residence of Thomas Sheridan, father of the
Rt. Hon. Brinsley Sheridan.
MULLAGHBRACK, a parish, partly in the baro-
nies of Oneilland West and Lower Orior, but
chiefly in the barony of Lower Fews, union of Ban-
bridge, county of Armagh, and province of Ulster j
MULL
M U L L
containing, with part of the post-town of Markethill,
and the village of Ilamiltou's-Bawn (which are sepa-
rately described), 85*0 inhabitants. This parish is of
great antiquity ; mention is made of it in Pope Nicho-
las's Taxation in 1291, at which time the rectory and
several townlands belonged to the Colidei, or Culdees,
of Armagh. At the plantation of Ulster, James I.
granted 1000 acres of land here and the manor of
Coolemalish to H. Acheson, Esq., who built a stone
bawn at Carrickbane, 140 feet long and 80 feet wide,
defended at the angles by four towers ; and settled
there 19 Scottish families, who, with their servants and
retainers, furnished 30 armed men for the service of
the king. Soon after, Sir James Douglas obtained a
grant of '2000 acres and the manor of Cloncarney, on
which his successor, Sir Archibald Acheson, built a
strong castle and placed 36 British families, who fur-
nished 148 armed men. He also built a town round
his castle of Cloncarney, in which he placed 30 more
British families, who provided 30 soldiers for the king.
This town was the origin of the present flourishing
town of Markethill, and the family of the Achesons
were ancestors of its present proprietor, the Earl of
Gosford.
The PARisn is situated on the road from Armagh to
Newry, and comprises '24,296 statute acres : the land
in the northern part is of good quality, but that in the
south-eastern portion is mountainous and poor. The
system of agriculture is rapidly improving, through the
exertions of Lord Gosford's agent, and green crops and
thorough-draining are very general ; there is no waste
land, and very little bog, indeed not sufficient for a due
supply of fuel for the population. Lime, brought from
Armagh, is the chief manure. Lead-ore of rich quality
is found in the townland of Cavanaghgrough or Cavana-
grove, but no attempt has been made to work it ; and
near the Roman Catholic chapel at Drumlack is a thin
seam of excellent coal. Gosford Castle, the seat of
the Earl of Gosford, is a sumptuous and stately struc-
ture in the Norman style, built of granite from the Mul-
laglass quarries : the castle has been above 20 years in
progress of erection, and is not yet quite completed ; it
is situated in an ample and highly improved demesne,
about a quarter of a mile to the east of the former man-
sion, which occupied the site of the castle originally erect-
ed by Sir A. Acheson in 161* and destroyed in the insur-
rection of 1641. The other seats in the parish are Dru-
mart, INIarlacoo, and Ballynewry. A court for the united
manors of Coolemalish and Cloncarney is held on
the first Wednesday in every month, for the recovery
of debts under 40s. ; and a court for the manor of
Johnstown is held at Hamiltons-Bawn, on the first
Monday in every month, for the recovery of debts to
the same amount. Part of the parish is within the
manor of Armagh, and part also in that of Clady, for
which courts are occasionally held at Cambough and
Clady. Courts leet are also held twice in the year. A
very handsome court-house has been built at the end of
Markethill nearest to Armagh. The railway in progress
from Newry, by Armagh, to Enniskillen, will pass close
to Lord Gosford's demesne, but at the side of it distant
from the town, and thence through a part of the glebe.
Several townlands are tithe-free, and the townland of
Derrynaught was given by Primate Robinson to the
Armagh Observatory.
371
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Armagh, constituting the corps of the prebend of
Mullaghbrack in the cathedral of Armagh, and in the
patronage of the Lord Primate. The tithe rent-charge
is .-£503. 8. The glebe-house, a handsome residence
beautifully situated, was erected in 1829, by the Rev.
S. Blacker, LL.D., the incumbent, at an expense of
£4651 ; the glebe, which consists of five townlands,
comprises 1146 statute acres, valued at £1416 per
annum. The church, a neat edifice near the castle,
was rebuilt in 1830, at an expense of £178", of which
£1035 were defrayed by the incumbent, £200 by the
Earl of Gosford, £100 by the Primate, £32 by subscrip-
tion, and £400 by parochial assessment. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the union of
Ballymore, and partly in that of Kilcluney : the chapel
situated about half a mile, from the church belongs to
the Ballymore union ; that for the Kilcluney district is
at Clady. There are places of worship for Presbyterians
in connexion with the General Assembly, and Wesleyan
Methodists. The Cabra school, with a residence for a
master and mistress, was built, and endowed with £30
per annum, by the late A. M'Creight, Esq. ; the incum-
bent has endowed the parochial school with £20 per
annum ; and the Gosford school was built and is sup-
ported by Lady Gosford. On the estate of Lord Charle-
mont is a cairn, called Cairnamnhanaghan, or " the
monk's cairn, " for which see Armagh : there is a similar
cairn about five miles distant. Parts of the walls of the
bawn built by H. Acheson, Esq., are still remaining;
and in Gosford demesne are five Danish forts.
MULLAGHFAD, a district parish, partly in the
union of Lisnaske.\, barony of Magherastephana,
county of Fermanagh, and partly in the union and
barony of Monaghan, county of Monaghan, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from Five-raile-town.
This district is situated on the confines of the two coun-
ties, and on the road from Monaghan, by Brook-
borough, to Enniskillen, eight miles distant from the
former, and twelve and a half miles from the latter
town. It was formed in 1836, by disuniting seventeen
townlands from the parish of Tydavnet, and eleven from
that of Aghalurcher. A large portion is mountainous,
and the land varies in quality, some being indifferent,
some tolerably good, but none of the best ; the system
of agriculture, though in a backward state, is gradually
improving ; about four-fifths of the soil are under til-
lage and pasture, and the remainder unreclaimed moun-
tain. Excellent freestone for building is found in most
parts, and some limestone. Besides several small lakes
abounding in trout, there are numerous small streams
descending from the mountains, which unite and form
the river Coonine, that takes a western course in its
progress to Lough Erne. There are two corn-mills.
The LIVING is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of
Clogher, and in the alternate patronage of the Rectors
of Aghalurcher and Tydavnet, who have endowed it
with £50 per annum, augmented to £100 by the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners : there is neither glebe-house
nor glebe, but the incumbent resides in a neat cottage
near the church. The church is a plain edifice, built in
1836, by aid of a grant of £900 from the Board of First
Fruits, on a romantic site presented by Sir A. B. Brooke,
Bart. ; it stands on an eminence, in a valley which
oartlv intersects or separates the extensive range ot
^ ' 3B2
MULL
mountains called Slievebeagli, which pass through the
centre of the parish. The only other place of worship
is a Roman Catholic chapel. Besides the district
school, is one in connexion with the National Board.
MULLAGHMORE, a peninsulated district, in the
parish of Ahamplish, barony of Lower Carbery, union
and county of Sligo, and province of Connaught, 9
miles (N.) from Sligo : the population is returned with
the parish. This place, which is situated on the north-
western coast, near Milkhaven, and includes several
small villages, has been greatly improved by Viscount
Palmerston, who has built a commodious quay, from
which the inhabitants export corn and other agricultu-
ral produce ; and has also expended considerable sums
in reclaiming the neighbouring bogs, and in planting
the loose sands with that species of grass called " bent,"
■which alone v^illtake root and render them in due time
a firm and solid beach. His lordship has built several
neat houses for the reception of families during the
bathing season ; and a new town is rapidly springing up
near the quay, which will soon supersede the villages
of Ballintample and Grange. It may here be mentioned,
in reference to Lord Palmerston's whole Sligo estate,
that, during the 3 years ending June, 1S41, 9i new
houses were built, 56 more being then in progress ;
19,000 Irish perches of ditches and fences were made ;
above 2000 Irish perches of new roads formed ; and
47,000 forest-trees and 660,000 quicks were given out
to the tenants.
MULLAHIDDART, or Mullahithart, a parish,
in the union of North Dublin, barony of Castle-
knock, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster,
5f miles (N. W. by N.) from Dublin, on the road to
Navan ; containing 595 inhabitants, and comprising
406/ statute acres. " The guild or fraternity of the
Blessed Virgin Mary," of Mullahiddart, was founded in
the 23rd of Henry VI. by act of parliament. The prin-
cipal seats are Hollywood, Tyrrelstown, and Kilmartin.
The parish was formerly a northern portion of that of
Castleknock. It is a rectory and curacy, in the diocese
of Dublin : the rectory forms the corps of a prebend
in the cathedral of St. Patrick, Dublin, in the patronage
of the Archbishop ; and the curacy forms part of the
union of Castleknock. The tithe rent-charge is £157. 10.,
of which £52. 10. are payable to the prebendary and
the remainder to the incumbent of Castleknock. The
church is in ruins, presenting, with its ivy-covered
tower, a picturesque object. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Castle-
knock. A well not far from the church, dedicated to
the Blessed Virgin, is frequented at certain periods by
the peasantry. Ancient coins have been found near the
church.
MULLAVILLY, or Mullaghvilly, an ecclesiasti-
cal district, in the union of Banbridge, barony of
Lower Orior, county of Armagh, and province of
Ulster, 2 miles (N.byW.) from Tanderagee, and on
the road from Newry to Portadown ; containing about
6593 inhabitants. This district comprises 68S0 acres,
generally remarkably good, and under an excellent sys-
tem of agriculture : the Brachy bog, containing about
350 acres, is very valuable for fuel. The manor court
of Tannybalton was formerly held here, but has been
for some time discontinued. The principal proprietors
are the Duke of Manchester and the Count de Salis,
372
MULL
Near the church is MuUavilly House ; and there are
several other very good houses, the residences of
farmers. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the dio-
cese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Chancellor
of Armagh. The income of the perpetual curate
amounts to £94. 4., of which £69. 4. are paid by the
rector of Kilmore, and £25 out of Primate Boulter's
augmentation fund. The glebe house was built by aid
of a gift of £450 and a loan of £50, in 1812, from the
Board of First Fruits ; the glebe consists of 10 acres,
valued at £12. 8. per annum. Prior to the year 1755,
this formed part of the parish of Kilmore, but in that
year seventeen townlands were set apart to form the
district of MuUavilly ; recently four townlands have
been cut off from MuUavilly, and added to the district
of Richhill. Shortly after the formation of MuUavilly
district the church was erected, at the cost of Primate
Robinson, but it was not consecrated till 1785 : it was
considerably enlarged in 1820, at an expense of £738
British, of which sum £387 were a loan from the Board
of First Fruits ; it has been repaired by aid of a grant
of £137 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and is a
handsome cruciform building, with a square embattled
tower at the west front, surmounted by a low spire.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish forms part
of the district of Kilmore : the chapel is a small build-
ing, at MuUavilly. At Vinecash is a place of worship
for Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assem-
bly, and another at Ahoney. The school at MuUavilly
is on Erasmus Smith's foundation, and has a large
school-house, erected by the Count de Salis, at an ex-
pense of £600, on two acres of land with which he
endowed it ; one at MuUahead was built and is sap-
ported by the Duke and Duchess of Manchester, and
conducted on the moral agency system ; and those at
Ballintaggart, Derryhall, and Ballyloghan are supported
by the Misses Richardson. Attached to the school at
MuUahead are a lending library, and a loan and cloth-
ing fund, of the benefits of which every necessitous
tenant on the estate partakes.
MULLINACUFF, a parish, in the union and barony
of Shillelagh, county of Wicklow, and province of
Leinster, 2f miles (VV. S. W.) from Tinahely, on the
road to TuUow ; containing 2131 inhabitants. This
parish comprises 6616 statute acres, including a large
extent of bog ; agriculture is improving. Ballyrahine
House, a seat here, was attacked in 1798, and a battle
fought between the insurgents and the Coolkenno and
Coolattin yeomanry infantry ; the former corps com-
manded by Capt. Nickson, and the latter by Capt. J.
Chamney, assisted by his nephew, an officer in that
corps ; on which occasion these three gentlemen were
killed. Fort town is another residence, whence, as well
as from Ballyrahine, very fine mountain views of the
surrounding country are obtained. The parish is a
rectory and impropriate cure, in the diocese of Leighhn ;
the rectory is appropriate to the Dean and Chapter of
Leighlin, and the impropriate cure now forms a distinct
incumbency in itself with a resident minister. The
tithe rent-charge is £225, two-thirds of which are pay-
able to the lessee of the dean and chapter, and the re-
mainder to the perpetual curate, with £15 added by the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. A handsome new church
has been built by the commissioners aided by the con-
tributions of the neighbouring gentry, and cost £1135.
MULL
MULL
In the Roman Catholic divisions Mullinacuff is within
the district of Clonniore. There are several raths in the
parish. — See Achold.
MULLINAHONE, n town, in the parish of Kil-
VEMNON, union of Callan, barony of Slievardaoh,
county of Tipverauy, and province of Munster, 4|-
miles (S. S. W.) from Callan, on the road to Fethard ;
containing about 238 houses, and 1306 inhabitants. It
derives considerable traffic from its situation on a public
thoroughfare, and is the resting-place for the carmen in
their journey from Carrick-on-Suir to the colliery dis-
trict around Ballingarry. A market for butter of ex-
cellent quality is held on Thursday, and great quantities
are purchased by the Carrick, Kilkenny, and Cloumel
merchants. Fairs are also held, on the first of May and
the first Thursday in December, for stock of all kinds,
and are remarkably well attended ; great numbers of
pigs are sold. A constabulary police force is stationed
in the town, in which are also a Roman Catholic
chapel, and a dispensary. There are some remains
of an ancient building, supposed to have been a monas-
tery.
MULLINAVAT, a village, in the parish of Kilbea-
coN, union of Waterford, barony of Knocktopher,
county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 7
miles (S.) from Knocktopher, and on the road from Kil-
kenny to Waterford ; containing 5'29 inhabitants. It
contains one of the chapels of the Roman Catholic union
or district of Mullinavat, and is a constabulary police
station ; fairs are held on Easter-Tuesday, Sept. 3rd,
Oct. 3rd and '28th, and Dec. 9th.
MULLINGAR, a market and assize town, a parish,
and the head of a union, partly in the barony of Far-
TULLAGH, but chiefly in that of Moyashel and Mag-
HERADERNON, county of Westmeath, and province of
Leinster, "20 miles (S. E.) from Longford, and 39 (W.
by N.) from Dublin ; containing 9903 inhabitants, of
whom 4569 are in the town. This was one of the ancient
palatinate towns founded by the English settlers of Meath.
In 1'277, Ralph le Petit, Bishop of Meath, established a
priory here for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augus-
tine, which was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and
was long designated the " House of God, of Mullingar."
A Dominican friary was founded in 1237, by the family
of Nugent, and attained such celebrity that general
chapters of the order were repeatedly held in it. In
1329, Lord Thomas Butler was attacked near this town
by Mac Geoghegan, and after an obstinate resistance
was defeated and slain; in 1464 the town was burned
and destroyed by the people of Managh. The monks
of Multifarnham, in 1622, commenced the erection of a
Franciscan friary, but it was never completed ; the two
previous religious establishments continued to subsist
till the reign of Elizabeth, when they were finally dis-
solved. In 1661, the castle and the two dissolved
monasteries, with the town and adjacent land, were by
royal charter granted to Sir Arthur Forbes, ancestor of
the Earl of Granard, and erected into a manor, with
very extensive privileges ; and for better peopling the
said manor, Mullingar was by the same charter con-
stituted the assize town for the county. In the war of
the Revolution, the town was fortified by Gen. de Ginkel,
and became the principal rendezvous of William's
forces. From this place he led 2000 horse and 1000
foot against the Irish adherents of James II., who
373
had encamped at Ballymore ; and it was also the head-
quarters of William's army prior to the siege of Ath-
lone.
The TOWN is finely situated on the river Brosna,
nearly in the centre of the county and of Ireland, and in
a fertile and open tract, about halfway between Lough
Iloyle and Lough Ennel : it is partly encircled cm the
north by the Royal Canal, from which it derives a great
increase of trade ; and the road to Sligo, which passes
through it, affords additional facilities of commuincation.
In 1845 an act was passed for a railway from Dublin to
Mullingar and Longford, called the Midland Great
Western Railway of Ireland : the line runs chiefly upon
the banks of the Royal Canal, which was purchased by
the Railway Company. One part of the original scheme,
consisting of a line branching from Mullingar to Ath-
lone has been relinquished for a time, in consequence of
the opposition of the projected Dublin and Galway rail-
way : that line, however, having been defeated in the
session of 1845, the Midland Great Western Company
propose to apply for powers to extend their line, in one
direction from Mullingar, by Athlone, to Galway, and in
another from its present termination at Longford to
Sligo. The town consists of one principal street, about
a mile in length, from which several smaller streets
branch off in various directions ; and contains 820
houses, most of which are handsome, well built of stone,
and roofed with slate. There are barracks for infantry,
adapted for 39 officers and 990 non-cnmmisdoned
officers and privates, with stabling for 21 horses, and an
hospital for 80 patients. The principal trade is in
wool, for which this is the greatest mart in the county ;
its central situation, and facility of communication with
the Shannon and with Dublin, having rendered it the
commercial centre of a wide extent of countr}-. The
City of Dublin Steam Company commenced operations
here in 1830 : a steamer plies twice a week between this
town and Shannon-Harbour, where it meets the Lime-
rick steamer and Grand Canal boat for Dublin. An ale
and porter brewery, belonging to Messrs. Fitzgerald and
Callanan, was established in 1830; and there are two
large tanneries. In the excise arrangements the town is
within the district of Maryborough. The market is on
Thursday, and is amply supplied ; large quantities of
butter are sold in firkins, and oats and frieze are also
purchased extensively. The fairs are on April 6th, July
4th, Aug. 29th, and Nov. 11th, for wool, horses, horned-
cattle, and pigs ; that in November is a great horse-fair,
at which many English buyers attend. The market-
house is a neat and commodious building in the centre
of the town.
The charter of Charles II. granting the manor to Sir
Arthur Forbes, created no corporation, nor are any
officers elected ; the lord of the manor is empowered to
appoint a clerk-of-the-market, and the business of the
town is conducted by his seneschal. The charter, how-
ever, conferred on the freeholders of the manor the right
of returning two members to the Irish parliament,
which they continued to do till the Union, when the
franchise was abolished. The seneschal holds a court
leet and baron every Thursday, at the latter of which
debts to the amount of 40s. are recoverable ; and a
court of record, with jurisdiction to the extent of £100.
The assizes are held here at the usual periods ; the
general quarter-sessions for the county, in January,
MULL
April, July, and October; and petty-sessions, every
Saturday. A chief constabulary police force is stationed
in the town ; and it is also the head of a revenue police
district, comprising the MuUingar, Kilbeggan, Castle-
Pollard, and Abbeyshrule stations. The court-house is
a neat and well- arranged building. The county gaol,
erected at the southern extremity of the towa in 182S,
comprises nine wards, with day and work rooms and
airing-yards, adapted for the classification of the
prisoners; 100 sleeping cells; a treadmill, infirmary,
chapel, and every requisite office : the governor's house
is in front, and commands a view of all the wards. The
old prison is now used for females only, and contains
90 sleeping cells, and two day-rooms. The county in-
firmary is a spacious building, situated on the Dublin
road.
The parish is 8^ miles in length from east to west,
and extends in breadth from the shore of Lough Hoyle,
on the north, to that of Lough Ennel, on the south ;
comprising 22,32'2f statute acres of land. The system
of agriculture is in an unimproved state ; there is not
much waste land, but a considerable quantity of bog :
stone of good quality for building is quarried. Lough
Hoyle is situated in the most elevated part of the
county, in the description of which it is more particu-
larly noticed. The principal seats are Anne Brook,
Bellevue, Belmount, Ladiston, Green Park, and Leving-
ton Park. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Meath, and in the patronage of the Crown ; the rectory
is impropriate in the trustees of the Blue-coat Hospital,
Dublin, and the tithe rent-charge is £600, of which
£311. n. are payable to the impropriators, and the re-
mainder to the vicar. The glebe-house was erected in
181'2, at an expense of £1327, of which £100 were a
gift, and £6/5 a loan, from the Board of First Fruits,
and the remainder was paid by the incumbent : adjoin-
ing it, and close to the church, is the glebe, comprising
1 J acre, valued at £30 per annum. The church, now a
spacious cruciform structure in the later English style,
with a handsome tower and spire, was rebuilt on an
enlarged scale in 1813, at an expense of £3,554, of
which £2'36l were raised by parochial assessment, £185
were a donation from the trustees of the Blue-coat
Hospital, and the remainder a loan from the Board of
First Fruits : the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently
granted £187 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
also the parishes of Lynn, Moylisker, and part of
Carrick, together forming the mensal of the bishop,
whose residence is here. The principal chapel is a
handsome edifice in the later English style, erected in
1836 on a commanding eminence, capable of con-
taining 6000 persons, and furnished with a very fine
organ ; there is also a chapel at Walshestown, and one
at Gainstown in the parish of Lynn. A small convent
for nuns of the order of the Presentation has been esta-
blished. There are places of worship for Presbyterians
and Wesleyan Methodists. Of several schools, the Dio-
cesan school is supported partly by endowment, and
partly by the clergy of the diocese. The union work-
house, on a site of JOi acres purchased for £749, was
completed in 1842, at an expense of £7250, and is con-
structed to receive 800 paupers. There are numerous
Danish raths in the parish ; at Kinna are the ruins of
an ancient church, in which the Hodsons, of Green Park
374
MULL
are interred ; at Beardstown are the ruins of a fortress,
and also at Balthrasna : several coins and ornaments of
gold have been found in the neighbourhood, and, in a
bog near the town, a torques of pure gold weighing
1 1 oz. The head of the family of Petit was anciently
styled Baron of IMullingar, which title was also con-
ferred by William HI. on Schomberg.
MULLINS, ST., a parish, in the poor-law union of
New Ross, partly in the barony of Bantry, county of
Wexford, but chiefly in that of Lower St. Mullins,
county of Carlow, and province of Leinster, 4 miles
(S. by E.) from Graigue ; on the road from Ross to
Graigue and Borris, and on the river Barrow ; contain-
ing 6769 inhabitants. Its name is derived from the
ancient monastery founded by St. Moling or Mullin, at
a place called Aghacainid, subsequently Teighmolin, or
" St. Mulhn's House," about the year 632, or, according
to some historians, in the middle of the century. St.
Moling, being a native of this part of the island, and one
of the royal race of Leinster, was afterwards made bishop
of Ferns. In 951 the church was plundered by the
Danes, and the abbey was destroyed by fire in 1 138.
The remains of the ancient edifices, and the present
parish church, occupy a beautiful situation on the
eastern bank of the river Barrow, at a spot where its
banks are finely elevated, on the opposite side well
wooded, and where a small stream merges into it from
a deep defile that extends to the church from the village
of Glynn, presenting some picturesque scenes. The
parish comprises 21,201 statute acres, of which 998
are common, 423 woodland, 67 1 waste, 1475 bog, and
the remainder arable ; it derives considerable facility for
the transit of its produce from the Barrow navigation.
Road-sessions are held at Glascany ; and fairs at St.
Mullins on June igtli, July 25th, Sept, 8th, and Nov.
1st, for the sale of general farming stock.
St. Mullins is a vicarage, or impropriate cure, in the
diocese of Leighlin, and in the patronage of the family
of Conclough, in whom the rectory is impropriate : the
tithe rent-charge is £450, entirely payable to the im-
propriators, who allow the curate £32. 6. per annum.
The glebe-house was built in 1822, by a gift of £380
and a loan of £200 from the late Board of First
Fruits ; the glebe comprises 22 acres. The church is
a plain building, erected in 181 1 by aid of a gift of £800
from the same Board ; it contains some elegant monu-
ments to the Kavanagh family. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is partly in the district of Borris,
and partly a district in itself, containing chapels at
Glynn and Drummond. The ancient monastic buildings
consist of the ruins of five small plain structures in the
churchyard, extending from east to west, with two walls
once forming part of a sixth, and the broken walls of a
seventh outside the inclosure : there is little worthy of
notice in these ruins ; at the east of the largest are the
remains of a stone cross, and of a small roofless build-
ing, with two steps descending into it. Numerous
memorials exist of the Kavanaghs and other ancient
Irish families ; and a holy well is enclosed by a stone
wall, round which the country people do penance.
MULLOGH, a village, in the parish of Kilmurry,
union of Kilrush, barony of Ibrickane, county of
Clare, and province of Mcnster; containing 26
houses, and 131 inhabitants. Here is a Roman Catholic
chapel, belonging to the district of Milltown.
M U L R
MULLOGH, orMoYLAGH, a parish, in the union of
Clogheen, barony of Iffa and Offa West, county of
TiPi'ERARY, and province of Munster, 6 miles (S. W.)
from Clonmel ; containing 703 inhabitants. This parish,
which is situated on the river Suir, and comprises iG'io
statute acres, was the site of a monastery founded for
nuns of the order of St. Augustine and dedicated to St.
Bridget, which, on the general suppression of religious
houses, was granted to Sir Henry Radcliffe. Keuihvorth
is the only seat in the parish. An annual fair is held
by consent at the village of Newcastle. The parish,
for all ecclesiastical purposes, forms part of the vicarage
of Newcastle, in the diocese of Lismore ; the whole of
the tithe rent-charge is impropriate in H. P. Gard, Esq.,
under a patent of James I. There are some slight
remains of the church.
MULLOGIINONEY.— See Newcuapel.
MULRANKIN, a parish, in the barony of Bargy,
union and county of Wexford, and province of Lein-
STER, 7 miles (S. by W.) from Wexford, on the roads to
Kilmoreand Duncormuck ; containing U98 inhabitants.
It is intersected by a small stream called the Bridgetown
river, which flows into the lough formed by the Barrow
of Ballyteigue ; and comprises '2433^ statute acres, the
greater portion under tillage. The soil is in general fer-
tile, and the state of agriculture much improved. Por-
tions of a moor, chiefly common land, were some years
ago reclaimed with great industry, and built on, by the
peasantry, although the soil is very poor : a large por-
tion of this moor has since been purchased by John
Howe, Esq., and is now nearly all divided into fields by
good ditches, and let to the neighbouring peasantry at
a low rent ; oats and potatoes are gradually encroaching
on the habitations of snipe, and in a few years the whole
moor will be in cultivation. At Rathyark are extensive
limestone-quarries and limekilns, which supply an abun-
dance of manure for the neighbourhood ; limestone is
also found on the glebe. Fairs are held on March 9th,
April 13th, June 19th, Aug. l<2th, and Nov. 30th, chiefly
for pigs. The seats are, Brideswell ; and Mulrankin
glebe, the residence of the Rev. Wm. Hickie, author of
several popular works on the agriculture and rural
economy of Ireland, under the signature of " Martin
Doyle."
The living is a recton,', in the diocese of Ferns, united
from time immemorial with the rectories of Kilmannan
and Killag, and the vicarage of Kilcowan, together con-
stituting the union of Mulrankin, in the patronage of
the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£130. 4. 8., and of the entire benefice £404. 15. : the
glebe comprises about 15 acres of good land; and the
glebe-house, towards the erection of which the Board of
First Fruits gave £100, in 1813, is one of the largest in
the diocese. A new church has been lately built, chiefly
by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, at a cost of £632.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Kilmore ; there is a chapel on the
Moor, with a residence for the Roman Catholic curate,
for whom, also, about four acres of the common have
been inclosed and brought into cultivation. Mr. Lett,
many years since, bequeathed £50, which sum was paid
to the Board of Charitable Bequests ; and the interest
is distributed among the poor of Mulrankin, Maglass,
and Kilmannan. The ruins of the castle of Mulrankin
still remain, but those of Bridgetown have been taken
375
M U L T
down ; the former of these castles, before the confis-
cations of the 17th century, belonged to the family of
Brown, and the latter to that of Keating. — See Bridge-
town.
MULTIFARNHAM, or Moleyfarnam, also called
MuLTiFEKNAM, a pari.sh, in the union of Mullingar,
barony of Corkaree, county ofWESTMEATH, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 6 miles (N.) from Mullingar, and
on the road from Edgeworth'stown and Longford to
Castletown-Delvin ; containing 1366 inhabitants, of
whom '275 are in the village. The aubey here was
founded in 1236, by William Delamere, or De la Mar,
for Conventual Franciscans. In the 13th of Hciy:y IV.,
on account of its open and exposed situation to the sept
of the O'Farrels, Maurice de la Mar obtained a grant of
tolls for fortifying the bridge of Multifarnham. In
1460, it was reformed by the friars of the Strict Ob-
servance : and in 1529 a provincial chapter of the order
was held here. This religious establishment is remark-
able for having been maintained in its early splendour
until a later period than any other ; for, although
formally dissolved by Henry VIII., those to whom it
was granted did not dispossess the monks, who, in
1622, even attempted the establishment of a branch of
their society at Mullingar ; and here they preserved all
the images, pictures, reliques, &c., which had previously
belonged to their church, together with their full choir,
and hospitable household. From the actual convenience
of the place and its central situation, the abbey became
the chief place in which the plans for the civil war of
1641 were debated on and settled ; nor did these pre-
paratory meetings pass without observation at the time.
In the subsequent reign of Charles II., the expelled
monks took up their quarters in the vicinity, whence
they were driven on account of the alleged discovery of
the plot. The ruins, including the conventual church,
are characterised by neatness and compactness rather
than by loftiness or splendour; but from the midst,
between the nave and chancel, rises a slender steeple.
The PARISH comprises 4895 statute acres. The sys-
tem of agriculture is improving ; there is now no waste
land, and very little bog, fuel being brought from the
opposite side of Lough Dereveragh by water. Lime-
stone and building-stone are abundant. A patent exists
for holding a court leet for the manor of Multifarnham,
but it is not now held ; petty-sessions are held on alter-
nate Wednesdays. The village is a constabulary police
station ; it has a receiving-house for letters under Mul-
lingar ; and fairs are held on March 4th, May 13th,
Sept. 1st, and Dec. 2nd, for the sale of cattle, sheep, and
pigs. Lough Derereragh, or Direvreasli, receives at its
northern end the river Inny ; and the stream called the
Gane, or Gain, also runs into the lake, the extensive
shores of which are divided among the baronies of Demi-
fore, Corkaree, and Jloygoysh ; it is long, winding, and
irregular in form, so that its entire surface cannot be
seen from any one point. One of the branches on the
east presents some scenes of picturesque beauty, having
on one shore the bill of Knockross, and on the other
that of Knock Even or Ion, which present an almost
perpendicular face for nearly half its height. The water
underneath this bill is exceedingly deep ; and about half-
way to the summit is an ancient chapel, dedicated to St.
Eyen or Keyon ; a spring issuing from the rock forming
one side of which, is the object of pilgrimages by the
M U N C
peasantry of the surrounding country. From the sum-
mit of the hill, both the eastern and western sea may be
discerned, and a vast and varied extent of country both
to the north and south. On the shore of this lake, in a
delightful situation, environed by rich plantations, stands
Donore, the seat of Sir Percy Nugent, Bart. : around
the lake are also Morningtou, Ballincloon, Lacken, and
Coolure.
Multifarnham is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath,
forming part of the union of Taghmon, and is also in-
cluded within the perpetual curacy of Stonehall : the
tithe rent-charge is £127. 10. The glebe-house and
glebe belong to the perpetual curacy. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also those of Lacken, Leney, and Portncs-
hangan : there are two small chapels, quite inadequate
for the congregations ; a friary chapel, also, is attached
to the old abbey, and near it is a convent for friars of
the order of St. Francis. In a beautiful situation, on
the eastern bank of the lake, formerly stood Fahalty,
the retreat of Mortimer, Earl of March, and Lord of
Meath, in the reign of Henry IV. : he and his lady,
Philippa, daughter of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, third
son of Edward III., made this place their principal
residence. The family of Nugent are buried within the
abbey of Multifarnham, and their armorial bearings are
carved on a stone fixed in the wall.
MULTOSE, ST.— See Kinsale.
MUNCHIN, ST., a parish, in the union of Lime-
rick, partly in the barony of Lower Bunratty, county
of Clare, partly in that of Pubblebrian, county of
Limerick, and partly in the city of Limerick, and
province of Munster ; on the river Shannon, and im-
mediately adjoining the city ; containing 4593 inhabit-
ants. This parish, which is divided into two parts by
the intervening parishes of St. Nicholas and Killeely,
comprises 3944 statute acres of arable and pasture land,
exclusively of about 640 of waste and bog : excellent
building-stone is found within its limits. That portion
of the city which stands on King's Island is chiefly in
this parish, and is connected with the ancient North
liberties by the Thomond-bridge, lately erected. The
seats are. Castle Park, Ballygrennan, and Clonmacken,
the property of the Marquess of Lansdowne. It is in
contemplation to erect several respectable residences at
Kilrush, in consequence of the facility of communication
with the city recently afforded by the erection of Welles-
ley bridge.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Limerick, united to the rectory and vicarage of Kille-
lonehan, and the rectory of Drehidtarsna, together con-
stituting the corps of the prebend of St. Munchin in the
cathedral of Limerick, and in the gift of the Bishop : the
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £207. 14., and the
gross value of the prebend £341. 15. There is a glebe-
house, with a glebe of 5 acres. The church stands near
Thomond-bridge, on the southern bank of the Shannon ;
it was erected in 1827, nearly on the site of the ancient
edifiie, which is said to have been built so early as the
year 561, and to have been once the cathedral of the
diocese. Tradition states that it was burnt by the
Danes ; in apparent confirmation of which, a stratum
of ashes was found on removing the foundation in 1&27.
The present church is a neat structure with a square
tower surmounted by pinnacles, erected at an expense
376
M U N G
of about £1400, of which £900 were a loan from the
Board of First Fruits, and the remainder was defrayed
by subscription. A fine view of the Shannon is obtained
from the churchyard. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is partly in the district of Thomond-Gate,
comprising also parts of St. Nicholas and Killeely, and
containing the chapel of St. Lelia near Thomond-Gate,
a substantial and spacious building, erected in 1798;
and a small chapel at Woodthorpe : the remainder of
St. Munchin's parish is in the Limerick district. On
King's Island are the remains of an ancient Dominican
friary, near which a nunnery has been established : at-
tached is a large school for girls, who are gratuitously
instructed by the ladies of the convent.
Near the church is a range of almshouses and schools,
endovred by Mrs. Hannah Villiers, and erected by her
trustees in 1826. The building, which is in the Eliza-
bethan style, consists of a centre and two projecting
wings, the former being surmounted by a cupola : it
contains apartments for 12 poor widows, each of whom
receives £24 Irish per annum ; and there are two
school-rooms. The master receives £30, and the mis-
tress £25, per annum. Under a recent decree in
chancery, the trustees established a Protestant female
orphan school, for the maintenance and education of 20
children. Near the north end of Thomond-bridge is an
ancient stone, on which the celebrated treaty of Limerick
was signed ; it is still called the " Treaty stone." The
churchyard is supposed to have been the burial-place of
St. Munchin, the first bishop of Limerick ; the church
contains a monument to Bishop Smyth, who lived, died,
and was buried in this parish, and it is the burial-place
of the family of Smyth, ennobled in the person of the
late Lord Gort, who died in 1842.
MUNGRETT, a parish, in the barony of Pubble-
BRiEN, union and county of Limerick, and province
of Munster, 3 miles (W.) from Limerick, on the road
to Adare ; containing 3293 inhabitants. An abbey is
said to have been founded here in the 4th century, prior
to the arrival in Munster of St. Patrick, who, it appears,
placed over it St. Nessan, who died in 551. He was
succeeded by St. Munchin, nephew of Bloid, King of
Thomond ; who was ordered by St. Patrick, on account
of his unexampled piety and extensive learning, to
undertake the instruction of his converts in Connaught,
and afterwards became the first bishop of Limerick.
The abbey was plundered and burned by the Danes
in S20, 834, and 840, and in 934 and 1080 suffered
severely by fire ; it was soon restored, but was again
plundered and sacked by the Danes in 1107. After
its restoration from this last attack, it continued to
flourish till the Dissolution, upon which the greater
portion of its possessions were granted to the bishop, and
dignitaries of the cathedral of St. Mary, Limerick. The
Psalter of Cashel states that this monastery had within
its walls six churches, and, exclusively of numerous
scholars, 1500 monks, of whom 500 were learned
preachers, 500 psalmists, and 500 wholly employed in
spiritual exercises. The Knights Templars had also an
establishment here, which, on the suppression of that
order, was granted to the monks of the Augustinian
abbey.
The parish, which is bounded on the north by the
river Shannon, comprises 6149 statute acres ; the greater
part of the laud is under tillage, and towards the Shan-
M U N T
non are some extensive and luxuriant meadows. The
soil is fertile, and the system of agriculture improved.
Near the church is a turlough of about 4'2 acres, called
Loughmorc, which in winter is an entire sheet of water,
and in summer a fine common. The lands are well
fenced in some parts, and in others inclosed by broken
stone walls : there are two very valuable bogs, compris-
ing together about 150 acres. A considerable portion
of the parish belongs to the see of Limerick : the late
country residence of the bishop, called Cunegar, situated
in the centre of a fertile district, was purchased, under
the Church Temporalities act, by Charles Wilson, Esq.,
and is now in the occupation of a farmer ; the entrance
lodge has been converted into a barrack for the consta-
bulary police force stationed here.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Limerick : the rectory forms part of the union of
St. Mary and corps of the deanery of Limerick ; the
vicarage is in the patronage of the Dean. The tithe
rent-charge is £543. 15., .of which two-thirds are pay-
able to the dean and the remainder to the vicar. The
glebe-house, belonging to the vicarage, was built in 1S3I,
by a gift of £350 and a loan of £450 from the Board of
First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 7^ acres, besides which
are '2^ acres belonging to the deanery. The church, a
small but handsome cruciform edifice in the later Eng-
lish style, with an octagonal tower crowned with battle-
ments and crocketed pinnacles, was b\iilt in 18'24, and
the Board of First Fruits contributed £900 towards its
erection. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is the head of a district, called sometimes Loughmore,
and comprising also the parishes of Crecora and Knock-
negaul, and part of the parish of Kilpeacon ; the chapel,
situated at Loughmore, is a small thatched building.
The REMAINS of the ancient monastery include the walls
of the church, divided into three unequal portions com-
municating with each other by low arches : the eastern
gable of the choir has a narrow pointed -window ; the
nave, which is large, is lighted by windows of similar
character, and at the north-east angle of the western
portion is a slender, square, embattled tower. To the
east of this are the ruins of another church ; and, about
300 yards distant from it, the remains of a tower
and gateway. About 150 yards north of the church
is a massive well-built edifice, about 50 feet in length
and 30 broad, with lofty walls and pointed gables,
lighted by one narrow circular-headed window at the
east end, and entered by a square-headed doorway on
the west. There are also extensive foundations of build-
ings in the adjoining fields, at a considerable depth be-
neath the surface, occasionally discovered by the plough.
About half a mile to the north of the parish church
is Temple-Mungrett, around which are traces of ancient
buildings, formerly the hospital of the Knights Templars,
and afterwards the mansion-house of the prior of Mun-
grett. Near the eastern boundary of the parish, oppo-
site to Ballincurra, are the ruins of a hermitage, subse-
quently an hospital for lepers.
MUNTERCOXNAUGHT, a parish, in the union of
Oldc.vstle, barony of Castler.\han, county of Cavan,
and province of Ulster, 4 miles (N. by E.) from Old-
castle, and on the road from Kells to Ballyjamesduff ;
containing 3167 inhabitants. This parish is on the
confines of the county of Meath, and comprises 743'2|-
statute acres, of which 5828 are applotted under the
Vol. IL— 377
M r 11 u
tithe act ; 965^ are in Lough Ramor. It is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore, forming part of
the union of Lurgan : the tithe rent-charge is £111.
The church is a very neat building, erected in 1S3'2, by
a gift of £900 from the Board of First Fruits. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the union
of Castlerahan and Munterconnaught ; the chapel is a
good stone building. Here was anciently an hospital,
the endowment of which was granted by James I. to
Sir Edward Moore.
MURHIR, a parish, in the union of Listowel,
barony of Ikaghticonnor, county of Kerry, and pro-
vince of Munster, 4^ miles (S.) from Tarbert ; con-
taining 3'293 inhabitants. This parish is situated on
the river Gale, and on tlie confines of the county of
Limerick : it comprises 10,693 statute acres, consisting
chiefly of coarse pasture ; there is a large portion of
bog, also some arable land producing tolerable crops.
It belongs for the most part to Trinity College, Dublin.
The principal residence is Moyvane. The parish is in
the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe ; the rectory is im-
propriate in Anthony Stoughton, Esq., and the vicarage
forms part of the union of Aghavallin. The tithe rent-
charge is £107. 6., two-thirds payable to the impropria-
tor, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions Murhir is part of the district of New-
town-Sandes, a village in this parish {which see), where
the chapel is situated.
MURRAGH, or Moragh, a parish, in the union of
Bandon, partly in the West division of the barony of
East Carbery, but chiefly in the barony of Kinal-
meaky, county of Cork, and province of Munster, 6
miles (N. W. by W.) from Bandon, on the mail-coach
road to Dunmanway ; containing 3175 inhabitants. It
comprises 8755 statute acres. About two-thirds are
under cultivation ; the land, though mostly light, is good,
but very badly tilled, agriculture not being systemati-
cally followed, except by a few gentlemen. An extensive
and valuable bog at Maulnadrought supplies this part of
the country with fuel. There are extensive flour-mills,
employing 20 persons. Nucestown, which was sacked
and destroyed in the war of 1641, has ever since re-
mained a poor, neglected, and ruinous place ; it is a
constabulary police station, and has fairs on Jan. Sth,
Whit-Tuesday, Oct. loth, and Dec. 14th, for cattle, pigs,
pedlery, and farming implements. The river Bandon
bounds the parish on the south ; and the formation of n
canal from Colliers' Quay, about four miles below Ban-
don, to Dunmanway, a line of about IS miles, passing
through this parish, has been contemplated ; but the
design appears to be for the present suspended. The
principal seats are the glebe-house, Farnalough, and
Killinear.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Cork, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £638. 5. The glebe-house is a handsome
and commodious residence built by aid of a gift of £100,
and a loan of £S00, in ISOS, from the late Board of
First Fruits ; it is situated in a beautifully picturesque
part of the vale of Bandon, and is designed and em-
bellished with much taste : the glebe comprises 37 acres.
The church, situated at Farren-Thomas, is a large neat
edifice in the early English style of architecture, -with a
square tower ; it crowns the lofty ridge which rises from
the north side of the river Bandon, and is nearly in the
3 C
MUTT
centre of the parish ; it was erected by aid of a loan of
£550 from the Board, in 1810. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
also the parish of Temple-Martin, and containing two
chapels ; that of Murragh, situated at Nucestown, is a
spacious edifice. Robert Lisson, Esq., by will, gave £5
per annum to poor Protestant parishioners, which sum
was to be paid out of his estate of Roughgrove, in the
parish of Kilbrogan, and distributed annually by the in-
cumbent. In the churchyard is a large sepulchral
tumulus, of unknown origin. The former church stood
close to the edge of the river ; the waters, in consequence,
gradually undermined the bank, and destroyed the build-
ing, though it had not been many years erected : the
present church, built on a different site, forms a con-
spicuous object for many miles round.
MURROE, a village, in that part of the parish of
Abington which is in the barony of Owneybeg, union
and county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 8
miles (K. S. E.) from Limerick, and on the road from
Abington to Newport ; containing 57 dwellings, and
311 inhabitants. This little village stands near the
boundary of the counties of Tipperary and Limerick, in
the vicinity of the Slieve-Phelim range of mountains ;
though very favourably situated for trade, it is a poor
neglected place. It is a constabulary police station ; and
has fairs on April 29th, and Oct. 27th. Here is a Roman
Catholic chapel, a large handsome building; also a
dispensary.
MURROGHKELLY, a village, in the parish of
Glaninagh, barony of Burren, county of Clare,
and province of Munster ; containing about 15 houses
and 101 inhabitants.
MURROGHTWOHY, a village, in the parish of
Glaninagh, barony of Burren, county of Clare, and
province of Munster; containing about 35 houses and
212 inhabitants.
MURTICLOUGH, a village, in the parish of Abbey,
union of Ennistymon, barony of Burren, county of
Clare, and province of Munster, 18 miles (N. by W.)
from Ennis, and 106 (W. by S.) from Dublin. This
place, at one time called Burren, is situated on the road
from Ballyvaughan to Curranroe-Bridge, and about a
quarter of a mile from a small harbour, called New Quay,
from the construction of a quay within the last twenty
years, a little ,to the east of a former, of which there are
still some remains. The coast here is noted for its
oysters, which are in high repute for their superior
quality and flavour : the great oyster-bed, called the
Red bank, and the harbour, are described in the account
of the parish of Abbey, irhich see.
MUTTON ISLAND, Clare.— See Enniskerry.
MUTTON ISLAND, in the parish of St. Nicholas,
county of the town of Galway, union of Galway, and
province of Connaught, 1 mile (S.) from Galway : the
population is returned with the parish. This small
island, comprising but two acres, and inhabited only by
the persons who have the care of the lighthouse, is
situated in the harbour of Galway, and connected with
the main land by a sand-bank dry at low water, which
forms the ordinary roadstead of Gahvay. After the
taking of Galway in 1691 by the troops of William III.,
it was deemed of such importance that £1000 were ex-
pended in building a fort and repairing the castle, on
the suggestion of the governor : without them, he stated,
378
M YRO
the shipping could not lie in safety in the bay. A light-
house has been erected on the island, the lantern of
which has an elevation of 33 feet above the level of the
sea at high water, and displays a brilliant fixed light,
visible at a distance of nine nautical miles. To the
west of the island is a ledge of rock extending about a
cable's length ; the anchorage for small vessels is on the
east side, about two cables' length from the shore, when
the middle of the island is on a line with Blackhead.
Vessels drawing upwards of 12 feet of water must ride
more to the south-east, keeping Blackhead fairly open
with the island, and the steeple of Galway church bearing
north.
MWEELAUN, an island, in the parish of Kilga-
vower, union of Westport, barony of Murrisk, county
of Mayo, and province of Connaught. It lies in Clew
bay, and comprises 4 statute acres.
MYLERSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Eden-
derry, barony of Carbery, county of Kildare, and
province of Leinster, 2 miles (E.) from Edenderry, on
the road to Kinnegad ; containing 925 inhabitants, and
comprising 3846 statute acres. It is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Kildare, forming part of the union of Carbery ;
the rectory is impropriate in the Marquis of Downshire,
and the tithe rent-charge is £59. 15. 5., of which
£39. 17. are payable to the impropriator, and the rest to
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Cadamstown. There are
some ruins of an ancient castle.
MYNISHMORE, an island, in the parish and
barony of Burrishoole, union of Westport, county
of Mayo, and province of Connaught, S miles (W.)
from Newport-Mayo ; containing 80 inhabitants. This
island, which is so called to distinguish it from the
smaller island of Mynishbeg, is situated in Clew bay,
and is the most western of the islands in that bay which
are within the limits of the parish. It is a coast-guard
station, and one of the six constituting the district of
Westport.
MYROSS, a parish, in the union of Skibbereen,
Eastern division of the barony of West Carbery,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 6 miles (S.
\V. by W.) from Ross ; containing, with the village of
Union-Hall, 3741 inhabitants. Here was formerly the
abbey of Maure, or of the Clear Spring {De Fonte I'ivo),
founded in 1 172 by Dermond M'Cormac M<^Carthy, King
of Desmond, for Cistercian monks ; the foundations of
the buildings, and the burial-ground, may be traced at
Carrigiliky. The parish forms an obtuse peninsula be-
tween Castlehaven and the harbour of Glandore, having
the main ocean to the south ; it comprises 4119 statute
acres. The surface is very uneven, but the land in
general is fertile, producing excellent crops of corn, flax,
and potatoes ; the more elevated parts afford pasturage
for cattle ; there is very little waste or bog. Near the
centre of the parish are some interesting lakes. Agri-
culture is much improving, particularly near Brade and
Myross Wood, the rector having introduced the most
improved implements. The soil is generally shallow,
resting upon a substratum of schist, in some places
rising into hills of considerable elevation. Considerable
efforts are now being made to work the slate more effi-
ciently : many of the inhabitants are engaged in the
fishery. A fair for cattle is held on Holy Thursday.
The demesne of Myross Wood is very large, extending
M Y S II
N A A S
nDfthward to the Leap, and affording the best woodland
in the barony ; the other seats within the parish are
Ciantaffe, Bunlahan, Brade, Union Hall, BallincoUa, and
Rock Cottage.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Ross, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £375 ; there is neither glebe-house nor
glebe. The church is a very handsome cruciform edifice
with a tower, and occupies a gentle eminence near the
western termination of Glandore harbour, having been
erected on that new site in 1H27, at a cost of £900, a
gift from the Board of First Fruits ; at which time this
living was separated from Kilmacabea and Kilfaughna-
beg. The present situation was adopted from its con-
tiguity to the village of Union Hall. In the Roman
CathoUc divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Castlehaven, or Castle-Townsend : the chapel, near
Union Hall, is a large plain edifice, erected in 1830.
On a lofty eminence, above the wood of Myross, are the
remains of the church of the late ecclesiastical union,
which was left to fall to decay in 18'27 : it occupied the
site of the abbey De Fonie f'ivo, being near the sea
shore, on the south-western side of the parish. On the
haven, opposite to Castle-Townsend, are the ruins of
Rahene Castle, which in former times protected this
ferry ; and about a mile to the east are fragments of
Castle-Ire, on a bold and commanding eminence. At
Rock cottage. Dean Swift wrote his poem of Carbericc
Rupes.
MYRTLE-GROVE, barony of Imokilly, county of
Cork. — See Youghal.
MYSHALL, a parish, partly in the barony of
Idrone East, but chiefly in that of Forth, union and
county of Carlow, and province of Leinster, 8 miles
(E. S. E.) from Leighlin-Bridge ; on the road from
Newtown-Barry to Bagnalstown, and on the north side
of the river Burren ; containing '2S'25 inhabitants, of
whom 1.58 are in the village. The parish comprises
9459 statute acres. There is a great deal of waste
mountain-land, and much bog ; but agriculture is im-
proving. Some quarries here yield stone for building.
The village consists of 34 houses, has a receiving-house
for letters imder Leighlin-Bridge, and is a constabulary
police station ; petty-sessions are held on alternate
Wednesdays, and road-sessions four times in the year.
Fairs are held on May 10th and Sept. 14th, for cattle,
sheep, and pigs. The chief seats are, Myshall Lodge
and Holly-brook. The living is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Leighlin, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £300. There are five
statute acres of glebe, on which stands the glebe-house,
erected by aid of a gift of £250 and a loan of £500 from
the Board of First Fruits, in 183'2. The church is a
plain building, towards the repairs of which the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners recently granted £'203 ; it was
built in 1811, by aid of a gift of £800 from the Board
of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising the parishes
of Myshall and Fennagh, in each of which is a chapel ;
that of Myshall is a neat building, kept in excellent
order. The ruins of the old church, overgrown with
ivy, are situated on the townland of Myshall, and have
a burial-ground annexed ; there is also a burial-ground
on the townland of Ballaghmore. At Knockriraah is a
chalybeate spa.
379
N
Seal.
NAAN, EAST, an i.sland, in the parish of At.MA-
LXJRCHER, poor-law union of Lis.naskea, barony of
Magherastei'hana, county of Fermanagh, and pro-
vince of Ulster. It is situated in Lough Erne, and
contains 40 inhabitants.
NAAS, a market, post,
and assize town (formerly a ^f^j
parliamentary borough), a &-^i--^
parish, and the head of a 7/^3^
union, in the barony of .{<
North Naas, county of
KiLDARE, and province of
Leinster, 17f miles (N. E. ^S^_
by N.) from Athy, and 15| ^fe
(S. W.) from Dublin, on the *\i^SCi^
great southern road to Cork ; - - -
containing 486'2 inhabitants,
of whom 3571 are in the
town. This place, which is of great antiquity, was at a
very early period the residence of the kings of Leinster :
and, after the invasion of Ireland by the English, was
granted by John, Earl of Morton, to William Fitz-
maurice, together with the adjacent territory and va-
rious important privileges, a market, and a very exten-
sive jurisdiction in all pleas except those of the crown.
It was soon after surrounded with a wall, and strongly
fortified ; several castles were erected, and many houses
built ; and from its central situation within the English
pale, it rapidly rose into importance. A priorj' was
founded here in the l'2th century by the Baron of Naas,
for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine, and
dedicated to St. John the Baptist : it flourished till 1316,
when the town was sacked by the Scots ; but it was
soon restored. In 1355, a convent for Dominican friars
was founded by the family of Fitz-Eustace. Henry V.,
in the '2nd year of his reign, granted to the " Portreeve,
Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Town of Naas," cer-
tain tolls for '20 years, to enable the inhabitants to wall
their town. In 1419 a parliament was held at this
place ; and in 1484, a convent for friars eremites of the
order of St. Augustine was founded, but by whom is
uncertain. The Lord-Deputy Skelhngton, in 1534, took
the town from Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, who was then
in open rebellion and had made himself master of it.
In 1569, Queen Elizabeth grauted a charter, which,
without reciting or alluding to any previous charter,
declares that the town of Naas shall be a free and un-
doubted borough. In 1577, between 700 and 800
thatched houses were burned on the night of a festival,
by Roderick Oge OMoore and Cormuck O'Conor, at
the head of a party of insurgents from the country to
the west of the English pale. The charter of Elizabeth
was confirmed and extended by James I., in 1 609 ; and
the borough, which was supposed to have existed only
by prescription, was incorporated by the designation ot
the " Sovereign, Provosts, Burgesses, and Commonalty
of Naas." A new charter was granted by Charles I., in
16'28 ; but the town was till 1840 always governed by
the charters of Elizabeth and James I. It was garri-
3 C'2
N A A S
soned by the Earl of Ormonde in 1648, and, after ex-
periencing many vicissitudes, in which it suffered
severely, was finally taken for Cromwell by Colonels
Hewson and Reynolds, in I60O. During the disturb-
ances of 179s, this place was the scene of the first open
act of insurrection ; a party of insurgents attacked the
town on the '24th of Jlay, but were repulsed by the gar-
rison, commanded by Lord Gosford, which, in anticipa-
tion of an assault, had been previously reinforced. The
insurgents sustained for some time the attack of the
Armagh militia and of Sir W. W. Wynne's feucible
corps, but retreated after a loss of about 150 of their
men.
The TOWN, which is chiefly the property of the Burgh
family, is pleasantly situated in a fine, open, and fertile
tract of country, gently undulating and enriched with
wood, and beautifully contrasted on the south-east by
the varied outline of the Wicklow mountains. It con-
sists principally of one main street, extending about half
a mile along the great southern road, which at one e,K-
tremity of the town divides into two branches, forming
respectively the coach-roads to Kilkenny and Limerick :
at the other extremity is a street at right angles to the
former, continued along the road to Kilcock and May-
nooth ; and there are several smaller streets. The total
number of houses is 634, of which a few are handsomely
built and the remainder of indifferent appearance ; the
streets are neither paved nor lighted, but the inhabitants
are amply supplied with water from rich streams and
from wells. The infantry barracks, about a quarter of
a mile from the town, a handsome pile of building with
a cupola above the principal range, are adapted for I7
officers and 4 1'J non-commissioned officers, with stabling
for four horses, and an hospital for 30 patients. Races
are in some years held on a course about a mile from
the town, on the Limerick road, and continue five days,
usually preceding the Curragh Midsummer meetings.
The principal trade is in corn, which is generally
bought by the neighbouring millers ; in the neighbour-
hood are several extensive flour-mills, each capable of
producing from 8000 to 10,000 barrels annually. A
considerable traffic is also derived from the situation of
the place on a great public thoroughfare, and from the
influx of persons attending the assizes and quarter-
sessions. A branch from the Grand Canal, commencing
about a mile below Sallins, passes through the town,
and terminates at Corbally, in the parish of Carnallo-
way ; it was completed in 1789, at an expense of £1'2,300,
and affords facility of conveyance for corn, coal, culm,
and turf, and various other articles of merchandise,
which are brought from Dublin to the town in great
quantities for the supply of the neighbourhood. The
Great South-Western railway passes over the river Liffey
a mile and a half from Naas, by a handsome wooden
bridge, near which, at Sallins, is one of its chief stations.
In the excise arrangements the town gives name to, and
is the head of, a district which comprises the towns of
Maynooth, Naas, Kilcullen, Athy, and IMonastereven, in
the county of Kildare ; the towns of Bray and Wicklow,
in the county of Wicklow ; and all that part of the
county of Dublin which is south of the metropolis. The
markets are on Monday and Thursday, and are sup-
plied with corn, with all kinds of provisions, and with
abundance of poultry, which is sold in large quantities
for the Dublin market : fairs are held on March I'th,
380
NAAS
Ascension-day, Whit-Monday, Aug. 10th, and Nov. SSnd,
for horned-cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs. The market-
house is a neat and well-arranged building, erected by
the Earl of Mayo. In the centre of the town is a large
barrack, formerly the gaol, for the chief constabulary
police force stationed here.
By the charters of Elizabeth and James 1st, the cor-
poration consisted, until its dissolution in 1840, of a
sovereign, two provosts, and an indefinite number of
burgesses and freemen, assisted by a serjeant-at-mace,
a town-serjeant, a billet-master, and three weigh-
masters. The sovereign, who was a justice of the peace,
and master-of-the-say for leather ; and the two provosts,
who with him were clerks-of-the-market ; were annually
elected, on the feast of St. Michael, by the burgesses and
freemen, who were themselves elected by the corpora-
tion at large, as vacancies occurred, the latter by favour
only; and all the other officers were similarly appointed :
no coroners had been appointed by the corporation sub-
sequent to the act for making county coroners. The
government is now vested in Municipal Commissioners.
The corporation sent two members to the Irish parlia-
ment till the Union, when the borough was disfran-
chised. It was empowered to hold a court of record
for determining all personal pleas arising within the
borough, but this court has long since fallen into disuse.
The Lent assizes are held here, and the quarter-sessions
for the county in April and October, in rotation with
Kildare, Athy, and Maynooth ; petty-sessions are also
held every Monday before the county magistrates. The
county court-house, in the High-street, is a neat build-
ing, consisting of a centre and two wings faced with
granite, and having a receding portico of four columns,
supporting a cornice and pediment. The county gaol,
completed in 1833, at an expense of £14,000, is a sub-
stantial and well-built edifice of hewn limestone, on the
radiating principle, consisting of four detached ranges
of building, one of which contains rooms for debtors
and an hospital, and the other three originally contained
each '20 cells and two day-rooms. One of these ranges
has, under a recent act, been altered at considerable
expense, by the grand-jury, for the separate confinement
of juvenile offenders, in large and airy cells, heated in
winter ; a material improvement on the prevailing
system of allowing offenders of all ages to associate.
The gaol contains five day-rooms, seven yards, and
a chapel ; the entrance is between two semicircular
bastions.
The parish, which is also called St. David's, com-
prises 5527 statute acres : the land is of good quality,
and, with the exception of some extensive pastures, is
chiefly under tillage ; the system of agriculture is im-
proved, and the district surrounding the town in a high
state of cultivation. The environs abound with diver-
sified scenery, and are embellished with several hand-
some seats, the principal of which are, Palmerston, the
seat of the Earl of Mayo, an extensive pile of building,
with a family chapel attached to it, and situated in a
pleasing demesne, the grounds of which are tastefully
laid out and kept in excellent order ; Oldtown, the
family residence of Thomas Burgh, Esq. ; Furnace, of
E. Beauman, Esq. ; and Forenaghts, of Lady Charlotte
Wolfe. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kil-
dare, united to the adjoining rectory of Carogh, and in
the patronage of the Burgh family ; the rectory is ap-
N A A S
N A U 1
propriate to the funds of the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners, to provide for the perpetual curacy of Belfast.
The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £'2'27. 11., of
which £94. 10. are payable to the perpetual curate of
Belfast. The glebe-house is a very ancient building,
and all that remains of one of the numerous castles of
Naas ; the glebe comprises 33 J acres ; and the gross
value of the benefice, including glebe, is £300. 15. 1. per
annum, viz. £200. 1.5. 1. rent-charge and £100 glebe.
The church, for the repair of which the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners recently granted £'2/6, is a neat edifice
in the early English style, with a massive square tower
added to it after its erection by the first earl of Mayo,
as head of the corporation. The Roman Catholic parish
is co-extensive with that of the Established Church :
the chapel, dedicated to St. David, is a spacious and
handsome edifice in the early English style, erected by
subscription in 1833; adjoining it is a convent for
nuns of the order of the Presentation, with a school-
room attached. There is a place of worship for Inde-
pendents. The parish contains four public schools, of
which the parochial school is supported by subscrip-
tions, aided by the vicar ; and the Diocesan school, the
master of which has a salary of £70, by the bishop and
clergy of the diocese. There are a dispensary ; a fever
hospital ; and an almshouse, originally built by Patrick
Lattin, Esq., in 1590, and twice rebuilt by his descend-
ants, who allow the inmates a small annual sum of
money. The late General Thomas bequeathed £'20 per
annum to the poor ; and in 178'2, Lord Naas bequeathed
to the inhabitants a burial-ground, which is subject to
burial fees, situated about half a mile from the town, on
the road to Dublin. The union workhouse, an Eliza-
bethan building close to the town, on a site of o^ acres
held at a rent of £'26. 1'2. per annum, was completed in
1S40 at a cost of £5500, and is constructed to admit
500 paupers.
The chief remains of antiquity are, the moat, and St.
David's Castle, the present glebe-house. Near the old
gaol is a modernised house, now a medical establish-
ment, which was one of the castles of this place. The
castle of the Fitz-Eustaces still stands ; it has been
slated, and is used as a dwelling, at the back entrance
to the vicarage : the lands adjoining are the property
of the Eustaces, once viscounts of Baltinglass. All the
other castles have long since disappeared in the pro-
gressive improvements of the town, and there are no
remains of any of the monasteries, all of which subsisted
till the Dissolution. The rath, in the centre of the
town, is a high conical mount, w here the States of Lein-
ster are said to have held their general assemblies ; at
the foot of it was a religious house, St. John's Abbey,
of which only the cemetery is now remaining. About a
mile from the town, on the Limerick road, is Jiggins-
town, a spacious brick mansion, commenced by the
unfortunate Earl of Strafford, but never finished ; the
walls and the vaulted cellars, from the e.xcellent quality
of the bricks and cement, are still in a very perfect
state. The earl, in his " Letters from Ireland," ad-
dresses one to Charles I., whom he invites to " his
cottage (then being built) near the Curragh :'" this
ruined palace, and a considerable property adjoining,
still belong to Lord Strafford's hneal descendant, the
Earl Fitzwilliam. Naas gives the title of Baron and
■\'iscount to the Earl of Mayo.
381
NALTEEN.— See Nilteen.
NANTINAN, a parish, in the union of Rathkeale,
partly in the barony of Shanid, but chiefly in the
barony of Lower Connello, county of Limerick,
and province of Munster, 3 miles (S. K.) from Askea-
ton, on the road to Rathkeale ; containing 3018 inha-
bitants. This parish, which is situated on the eastern
bank of the river Deel, comprises 79'2'2 statute acres.
The land in some parts is of good quality, but generally
rocky and covered with great numbers of stones, which
retard its cultivation and improvement, except by the
resident gentry and the more opulent farmers. The
principal seats are, Nantinan House, on the lands of
which very interesting improvements have been made
at a great expense ; and Stoneville, and Ballinvirick, on
both of which improvements are in progress. Near the
church is a spacious green, where fairs are held on July
10th, Aug. 5th, and Nov. 12th, for cattle, &c.
The living is a rectory and perpetual curacy, in the
diocese of Limerick. The rectory was united at a period
unknown to the rectories and vicarages of Kilfenny and
Loughill, the rectories of Shanagolden, Knocknegaul,
and Dromdeely, and the vicarage of Morgans, together
constituting the union of Nantinan, and the corps of the
precentorship of the cathedral of Limerick, in the patron-
age of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£346. 3. per annum. The glebe-house, towards the erec-
tion of which the late Board of First Fruits contributed
£450, and a loan of £50, in 1819, is a handsome resi-
dence ; the glebe comprises five acres, purchased by the
same Board. The gross value of the benefice, before
the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £1071. 12.
The perpetual curacy is in the gift of the Rector ; the
stipend is £92. 6., of which £75 are paid by the rector,
and £17. 6. from Primate Boulter's augmentation fund.
The church, towards the repair of which the Ecclesias-
tical Commissioners recently granted £123, is a neat
edifice in the early English style, with a square embat-
tled tower surmounted with an octagonal spire ; it was
built in 181 7., the Board of First Fruits granting a loan
of £800. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the union of Stonehall and Cappagh.
There is a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists.
Near the Green is a well dedicated to St. James, inclosed
by ancient massive stone walls, and the water of which
issues from a limestone rock ; it is much resorted to on
festivals by the peasantry of the neighbourhood. Nu-
merous forts are scattered over the parish ; that of
Feigbeg is the most curious.
NAPPAGH, an island, in the parish of Kilcummin,
barony of Moycvllen, union and county of Galway,
and province of Connaught, 22i miles (\V.) from Gal-
way : the population is returned w ith the parish. It
is situated at the entrance to Casheen and Kilkerrin
bays, on the western coast, and comprises about 63
statute acres of arable and pasture land.
NARIN, or Nairn, a post-town or village, in the
parish of Inxiskeel, union of Glenties, barony of
BoYLAGH, county of Donegal, and province of L'l-
ster, 5i miles (X. N. W.) from Ardara, and 140 (y.W.)
from Dublin : the population is returned with the pa-
rish. It consists of a few scattered houses ou the north-
western coast, and has a sub-post office to Ardara. A
pier was built for the accommodation of the fishermen,
but it fell in a late storm.
N AT H
NARRAGHMORE, a parish, in the union of Athy,
partly in the barony of Kilkea and Moone, and partly
in the barony of West, but chiefly in that of East,
Narragh and Rhedan, county of Kildare, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 2 miles (N. N. W.) from Ballitore ;
containing 2S95 inhabitants. This place, which is of
great antiquity, has been the scene of many historical
events. According to Keating, a desperate battle was
fought here in the third century between the men of
South Leinster and Carmar Cas, King of Munster, the
latter of whom was defeated with great slaughter and
pursued to Atlibrodain, or "the bloody ford," where
the town of Athy now stands. The Naasteighan, or
Assembly of the States of South Leinster, was held here
on the " Hill of Carmen," consisting of a high rath, on
the summit of which were sixteen conical mounds,
whereon the elders sat in council ; it is situated on the
brow of a gently sloping eminence, about six miles from
Athy. This rath was afterwards known by the name
of Mullimast, or "the hill of decapitation," in conse-
quence of the act of some English adventurers in the
I6th century, who, being resisted in their encroach-
ments by some of the Irish chieftains, to whom the
district belonged, invited the latter to a conference on
this hill on New Year's day, fell upon them unawares,
slew them, and buried their bodies here.
The parish, which is situated on the river Griese, a
branch of the Barrow, and on the road from Dublin to
Castledermot, comprises I'J.^JO statute acres. The
lands are chiefly under tillage and pasture ; the soil is
good, and the system of agriculture is improving ; the
chief crops are potatoes, oats, wheat, and barley ; there
is no waste land, but a large tract of bog. The manor
was originally granted to Robert Fitz-Richard, one of
the earliest English settlers, who was created Lord of
Narragh, and built the castle in the reign of Henry U. :
it formed for some time a palatine barony belonging to
the Wellesley family ; and at a later period became the
property of the Keatings. During the disturbances of
1798, the mansion-house of Colonel Keating, a building
not then finished, was burnt by the king's troops in
their operations against the insurgents ; it has never
been rebuilt, and is in ruins : the demesne is very exten-
sive, and richly wooded. The village contains Ti houses.
The cotton manufacture is carried on at Inchiquin mills,
in which a number of persons are employed in spinning
and weaving by hand and power looms. A fair is held
in the village on the 28th of March, and a constabulary
police station has been established there. The living
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, and
in the patronage of the Archbishop : the tithe rent-
charge is £484. 12. The glebe-house, built in 1818, by
a gift of £100 and a loan of £1275 from the Board of
First Fruits, is a handsome house in tastefully disposed
grounds; the glebe comprises 12 acres of cultivated
land, near the church. The church is a small building,
for the repair of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
recently granted £127. In the Roman Cathohc divi-
sions the parish is the head of a district comprising the
parishes of Narraghmore and Davidstown, and parts of
those of Fontstown and Dunlavin : there are two cha-
pels, one at Crookstown and the other at Kilmead.
NATHLASH, or St. Nicholas, a parish, in the
union and barony of Fermoy, county of Cork, and
province of Munster, 1 mile (S.) from Kildorrery, and
382
N AUL
on the mail-car road from Fermoy to Limerick ; con-
taining 899 inhabitants. It is situated on the western
bank of the river Funcheon, which flows for nearly a
quarter of a mile through a romantic glen formed by
two precipitous limestone rocks, apparently rent asunder
by some convulsion of nature. It comprises 1024 sta-
tute acres ; the land is generally good, and chiefly in
tillage, and the state of agriculture is gradually improv-
ing. Good marble is found at Ballymahan : there is
no waste land or bog. Near the village of Rockraills
are the extensive flour-mills from which it derives its
name, erected by the late R. Aldworth, Esq., of New-
market ; they are propelled by the Funcheon, and are
capable of manufacturing nearly 12,000 sacks of flour
annually : adjacent is Rockmill Lodge, a beautifully
situated residence. The living is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Cloyne, united to the vicarage of Kil-
dorrery, and in the gift of the Bishop : the tithe rent-
charge of Nathlash is £90, and of the whole union
£209. 13. The church, a small neat structure with a
tower and spire, is at Rockmills : it was erected in 1812,
by aid of a gift of £800 from the late Board of First
Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Kildorrery. See Rock-
mills.
NAUGHAVAL.— See Noughaval.
NAUL, formerly called The Naule, a parish, in
the union and barony of Balrothery, county of Dub-
lin, and province of Leinster, 14 miles (N.) from
Dublin, on the road to Drogheda, by Ballyboghill ; con-
taining 756 inhabitants, of whom 217 are in the village.
The parish comprises 2627^ statute acres, of which
two-thirds are arable, nearly one-third pasture, and
about 40 acres woodland. 'The ancient castle, some-
times called the Castle of Roches, is supposed to have
been built by the family of De Geneville, from which it
passed to the Cruises j and, having passed through
various hands since 1641, it has become the property of
Colonel Tennison, of Castle Tennison, in the county of
Roscommon. It is boldly situated on a rocky precipice
on the brow of a chain of hills, commanding a fine view
of the vale of Roches, above which it towers at a height
of upwards of 1 50 feet. Through this vale, which is a
romantic tract, bordered in many places with rocks of
various size and form, and broken into caves, flows the
winding Delvan rivulet, which separates the counties of
Dubhn and Meath, and, after forming a waterfall of the
same name as the glen, falls into the Irish Sea at the
village of Knockingiu. A fine view of this picturesque
glen is obtained from Westown Hou.se, a respectable
mansion of antiquated character, apparently erected
early in the last century, and standing in a highly im-
proved demesne, embellished with some fine old timber,
at a short distance from the village : in the demesne is
a rath, which has been thickly planted. Reynoldstown
is the only other seat in the parish. By an act of the
1st of George I., £2000 were granted to Arthur Mervyn
to enable him to complete the mills at Naul, by the
addition of granaries.
Agriculture is not in a forward state : the principal
crops are wheat, oats, and potatoes ; limestone is raised
for manure from quarries in the parish. In 1824, after
several previous trials, a trial for coal was made by
boring to the depth of 160 feet, but without success.
There is a station of the constabulary police in the
N A V A
X A V A
villa(»e. Fairs, established in 1S32, and in which black-
cattle, horses, and pigs are sold, arc held on March I6th,
April '26th, Whit-Tucsday, and Oct. '2nd. The parish is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, forming part of the
union of Hollywood ; the rectory is impropriate in W.
Dutton Pollard, Esq. The church, which serves for the
union, is a plain building; adjoining it is a chapel in
ruins, built, as is stated in an inscription on a stone
over the western entrance, by the Hon. Col. E. Hussey,
of Westown, in I7IO. Mr. Pollard agreed, in 1833, to
take £'200 per annum for his share of the tithes of this
and the adjoining parishes of Hollywood and Grallagh.
Naul forms part of the Roman Catholic district of Naul
or Daniastown ; a neat chapel was erected at the former
of these places in 18'2'2, by subscription, on a site given
by A. S. Hussey, Esq.
NAVAN, an ancient incorporated market and post
town (formerly a parliamentary borough), a parish, and
the head of a union, in the barony of Lower Navan,
county of Meath, and province of Liunster, 7 miles
(N. N. E.) from Trim, and 23 (N. by \V.) from Dublin,
on the road to Enniskillen ; containing 6834 inhabi-
tants, of whom 498" are in the town, which extends
into the parish of Donaghmore, as also into the parish
of Athlumney, barony of Skreen, and contains altogether
5628 inhabitants. This was one of the first boroughs
established by the English in the palatinate of Meath,
and appears to have arisen under the patronage of the
family of the Nangles, barons of Navan, who, towards
the close of the l'2th century, founded here an abbey
for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augustine. The
town is said to have been walled round by Hugh de
Lacy, and to have attained such importance that, in the
reign of Edward IV., the inhabitants received from that
monarch a charter of incorporation, which was con-
firmed, with additional privileges, by Henry VH., in the
9th year of his reign. In the time of Henry VIII. it had
become of so much military consequence, that an act
was passed, in the 34th of that reign, providing that
every ploughland in INIeath and Westmeath, liable to
subsidy, should be charged for four years with the pay-
ment of 3s. 4(;. towards building the walls of Navan.
In 16*23, the inhabitants received from James I. a new
charter, confirming all previous grants, and incorporat-
ing them under the designation of the " Portreeve,
Burgesses, and Freemen of the Town or Borough of
Navan:" this charter was confirmed, after his restora-
tion, by Charles II., who also granted four fairs.
The TOWN is situated in the centre of the county, and
at the junction of the rivers Blackw-ater and Boyne ;
it consists of three principal streets, from which several
smaller branch off in various directions, and contains
969 houses, many of which are well built : altogether it
has a neat, cheerful, and thriving appearance. The
cavalry barracks, on the site of the ancient abbey, are
adapted for 4 officers and 5'2 non-commissioned officers
and privates, with stabling for 50 horses. The chief
trade is that in provisions, which is extensively carried
on with Drogheda, and seems to have been consequent
on the opening of the Boyne navigation from that part
to Navan : this navigation forms a line 15 miles in ex-
tent ; and its further extension inland, which has been
attempted but not yet carried into effect, would contri-
bute greatly to the general prosperity of the neighbour-
hood. There is a considerable retail trade with the sur-
383
rounding districts. In the immediate vicinity of the
town, and closely connected with its trade, within the
limits of the parish of Athlumney, are flax-mills on the
river Boyne, affording regular employment, ou the
average, to about '260 persons ; and in the same parish,
close to the bridge of Navan, are some very extensive
flour-mills. Of these mills, one has five pairs of stones
used for grinding wheat only ; and the other, called the
New Mill, which has been fitted up with the most im-
proved machinery, has ten pairs of stones, of which six
are used in grinding wheat, and four fur oats ; attached
to these mills is a steam-engine of 30- horse power.
There are some smaller mills in the town, chiefly for
oatmeal ; and a paper-mill upon a small scale, princi-
pally for the coarser sorts of paper. The distillery be-
longing to Mr. James Morgan is capable of producing
30,000 gallons of whisky annually ; and on the river
Blackwater, and close to the town, was formerly a very
extensive distillery, with a mill and corn-stores, employ-
ing a large number of persons ; but the establishment
has been for some time discontinued, and the buildings
are fast going to decay. The manufacture of sacking,
of which this place is the principal seat, is extensively
carried on : the article is made of tow brought from the
north of Ireland, and in the town are from '200 to 300
looms in constant operation, each producing annually
about 40 pieces 60 yards in length. In the excise ar-
rangements the town is within the district of Drogheda.
The market, which is the best attended in the county, is
on Wednesday, and is abundantly supplied with corn,
large numbers of bacon-hogs and porkers, and with
coarse linen, yarn, frieze, and country merchandise.
Fairs for store cattle, horses, sheep, and hogs, are held
on Easter and Trinity Mondays ; and on the second
Monday in September and the first Monday in Decem-
ber, for beef, store bullocks, sheep, horses, and hogs. A
savings bank, in which are deposits to the amount of
more than £5000 ; and a chief constabulary pohce
force ; have been established.
By the charters of James I. and Charles II., the cor-
poration consisted, until its dissolution in 1840, of a
portreeve, twelve burgesses, and an indefinite number of
freemen, assisted by a town-clerk, two serjeants-at-mace,
and other officers. The portreeve, who was also justice
of the peace, was annually elected on the 13th of Sep-
tember by the corporation at large, and might appoint a
deputy, who was also a justice of the peace ; the bur-
gesses, as vacancies occurred, were chosen from the
freemen, who were admitted by favour of the corpora-
tion, by whom also the town-clerk and serjeants-at-mace
were appointed. The corporation continued to return
two members to the Irish parliament till the Union,
when the borough was disfranchised. The borough
court, held before the portreeve or his deputy, has issued
no process since 1S'20, and has since fallen into total
disuse ; the borough officers at the time of the recent
dissolution of the body, exercised no municipal jurisdic-
tion, and though a portreeve was annually chosen, the
corporation might be considered as virtually extinct.
General sessions are held twice in the year, and petty-
sessions on alternate Mondays before the county magis-
trates. The court-house, or tholsel, contains the requi-
site apartments for holding the courts, and a suite of
assembly-rooms ; and previously to the erection of the
present bridewell, the basement story was used as a
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prison ; the bridewell has separate wards and day-
rooms, with airing-yards, for the classification of
prisoners.
The parish comprises 3344f statute acres. The land
is of middling quality, and about two-thirds of it are
under tillage ; the system of agriculture is much im-
proved, and there is very little waste or bog. Limestone
of good quality abounds, and is quarried both for burn-
ing into lime and for building. Among the principal
seats are, Boyne Hill, beautifully situated on the bank
of the river ; Belmont ; and a handsome residence re-
cently erected near the road to Dublin, by L. Byron,
Esq., jM.D., and commanding some pleasing views. In
the immediate vicinity of the town, within the limits of
Donaghmore parish, is Black Castle, a handsome seat,
in a tastefully improved demesne. The living is a
rectory, in the diocese of Meath, united by act of council,
in the I'th century, to the rectories of Ardsallagh and
Donaghmore, and in the patronage of the Crown. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £206. 5. : the glebe of
the union comprises 15| statute acres, valued at £23. 15.
per annum ; and the gross revenue of the benefice, be-
fore the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £738. 15.
The church, towards the repairs of which the Ecclesias-
tical Commissioners recently granted f'S^G, is a neat
edifice, built (with the exception of the old tower, of
elegant design) in ISIS, at au expense of £1*00, of
which £600 were a gift and £1100 a loan from the late
Board of First Fruits; it contains a handsome. organ,
presented by Mrs. Savage. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
also the parishes of Donaghmore, Ardsallagh, and Bec-
tive : the principal chapel is a Grecian edifice upon an
extensive scale ; there is also a chapel at Bective. Near the
principal chapel is the convent of the Ladies of Loretto,
a handsome edifice, attached to which are two school-
rooms, one in connexion with the National Board. The
Navan endowed school was founded by Alderman Pres-
ton, of Dublin, who by will bequeathed SOD plantation
agres of land in Queen's county, of which he appropri-
ated seven-sixteenth parts to this school, five to a similar
school at Ballyroan, and four-sixteenths to the Blue-Coat
School in Dublin ; the course of education includes an
efficient preparation for the University, for which the
charge must not exceed one guinea per quarter : the ap-
pointment of the master is vested in the Rev. Joseph
Preston, of Bellinter. There is also a Roman Catholic
seminary for students intended for the priesthood or
any of the learned professions : the school is under the
superintendence of three clergymen ; the premises are
extensive, and annexed to them is a private chapel. The
County Infirmary, at Navan, is a plain building, not well
adapted to its purpose ; the fever hospital is of recent
date, and contains ample accommodation of a superior
kind. There are also a charitable loan society, entirely
supported by Mrs. Fitzherbert ; and a society for the
relief of the sick poor. The union workhouse, on a site
of 6i acres purchased for £518, was completed in 1841,
at a cost of £5700, and is constructed to receive 500
inmates. At the western extremity of the town is a
large moat of considerable elevation, commanding from
its summit a very extensive prospect.
NEALE, a village, in the parish of Kilmolara,
union of Ballinrobe, barony of Kilmaine, county of
Mayo, and province of Connaught, 2^ miles (S.) from
384
N EN A
Ballinrobe, on the road to Cong; containing 196 inha-
bitants. This place, which is usually called " The
Neale, " is a constabulary police station, and has fairs on
Feb. 5th, May 6th, Aug. 4th, and Nov. 5th. Immediately
adjoining is Neale Park, a seat of Lord Kilmaine's : the
grounds, which are very extensive, contain some curious
monuments, noticed under the head of Kilmolara. In
the Roman Catholic divisions Neale gives name to the
district, comprising the parishes of Kilmolara and Bal-
linchalla, and contains the only chapel in the district.
NEDDINS, a parish, in the union of Lismore,
barony of Iffa and Offa West, county of Tipperary,
and province of Munster, 6^ miles (S. W.) from Clon-
mel, and on the river Suir ; containing 766 inhabitants.
This parish comprises 2385 statute acres. It is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Lismore, forming part of the union
of Ardfinnan : the rectory is impropriate in Mrs. Emily
Cudworth, and the tithe rent-charge is £138. 15., of
which £78. 15. are payable to the impropriator, and the
remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Ardfinnan.
NENAGH, a market and post town, a parish, and
the head of a union, partly in the barony of IJpper Or-
MOND, but chiefly in that of Lower Ormond, county of
Tipperary, and province of Munster, 19 miles (N. E.)
from Limerick, and 75 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the road
between these cities ; containing 9540 inhabitants, of
whom 86 IS are in the town, which is the largest (except
one) as to population, that does not return a member to
parliament. This was one of the ancient manors of the
Butlers, by whom the old castle, now in ruins, is sup-
posed to have been erected. In 1200, an hospital was
founded here for Augustinian canons, who were to ad-
mit into it the sick and infirm : it was dedicated to
St. John the Baptist, whence it was usually called
Teacheon, Tyone, or St. John's house ; and was en-
dowed by Theobald Walter, the first Butler of Ireland,
with lands for the maintenance of thirteen beds for
strangers. After the dissolution of religious houses,
the building and its possessions were granted by Eliza-
beth, in the fifth year of her reign, to Oliver Grace. In
the reign of Henry III., a member of the Butler or of
the Kennedy family established a Franciscan friary,
which was one of the richest foundations belonging to
that order in the kingdom ; it was finally leased by
Elizabeth to Robert Collum for a term of years. In
1550, O'CarroU burned both the town and the friary,
but the garrison saved the castle. In 1641, the place
was taken by the Irish under Owen Roe O'Nial, from
whom it was afterwards wrested by Lord Inchiquin.
Ireton, in his march against Limerick in 1651, invested
the town, and compelled the garrison to surrender at
discretion. In the war of 1688, it fell into the hands of
Anthony Carroll, an active leader under Sarsfield, who
made it the centre of his operations, until compelled to
abandon it on the approach of a force under General
Leveson, when he burned the town in his retreat.
The TOWN stands on a stream to which it gives name,
and which descends from the Keeper mountain to Lough
Derg ; it consists of four streets meeting in the centre,
and contains 1420 houses. In the excise arrangements
it is within the district of Clonmel. A branch of the
National Bank has been established. A market for
corn and cattle, which is well attended, is held on
Thursday : fairs are held under a grant by Henry VIII.
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to the Butler family, on April ^4th, May '29th, July
4th, Sept. 4th, Oct. 10th, and Nov. 1st. The first fair
held here was called Eanaugh Airoon, that is, " a Fair
in Ormond." A brewery is carried on in the town ;
and at Tyone, in its immediate vicinity, is a mill, from
which large quantities of flour are sent to Dromineer,
the nearest steam-boat station on the Shannon, about
five miles distant. There is also a small stuff manu-
factory. The town is supplied with water from wells ;
and in 1839 the inhabitants adopted the act 9th George
IV. as far as regards paving and cleansing. On the
Dublin road is a spring of excellent water, with a cover-
ing of masonry on which are inscribed these words :
" Erected by voluntary contribution, to commemorate
the unparalleled benevolence of the English nation to
the poor of Ireland at a season of extreme distress,
A.D. 18'2'2." General-sessions are held twice a year,
and petty-sessions weekly : there is a court-house for
the meetings of the magistrates ; also an old bridewell,
consisting of 3 day-rooms, 9 cells, and 2 yards. Nenagh
is the residence of a stipendiary magistrate, and a chief
constabulary police station. A seneschal's court for the
manor was formerly held here. A fever hospital and a
dispensary are maintained in the usual manner : three
physicians attend the former in monthly rotation, at a
salary of £'25 each. There is a small library of works
of a religious tendency. An infantry barrack has been
built on an eminence at the east end of the town, on
the principle of a field fortification, with accommoda-
tions for a field-officer, 1'2 commissioned officers, 208
non-commissioned officers and privates, and 4 horses,
hospital accommodation for 21 patients, and a magazine.
The ruins of the castle, commonly called " Nenagh
Round," on one side of Castle-street, consist of a lofty
and massive circular donjon, or keep, with a yard at-
tached, surrounded by high walls, which were originally
flanked by four circular towers, and entered by a gate
with a portcullis : the building appears to be of the age
of the first Anglo-Norman proprietor. The fee of the
land in and about the town, amounting to .500 acres, is
now vested in the Holmes family.
The town is in a populous and well-cultivated dis-
trict, in which are a considerable number of resident
gentry : the seats in its immediate vicinity are Rich-
mond, Salisboro', Riverston, Smithfield, Willington, and
Brook Watson. The living is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Killaloe, united by act of council, Feb.
l6th, 1798, to the rectory and vicarage of Knigh, and
in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £262. 10., and the gross tithe of the
benefice £477- 2. 4. The glebe-house was erected by a
loan of £1200 from the late Board of First Fruits, in
1812 ; there are two glebes in the union, together con-
taining 18(1. 3r. The church, which is in the town, is
a plain structure, built by a loan of £1300 from the
same Board, in 1809; and the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners lately granted £101 for its repair. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the bead of a
district, comprising this parish and that of Lisbunny ;
it contains one chapel, situated in the town, where is
also a meeting-house for Wesleyan Methodists, and
another for Independents. The union workhouse, on a
site of seven acres held at a rent of £50, was completed
in 1841, at a cost of £8320, and is constructed to con-
tain 1000 inmates.
Vol. II. — 3S5
NEWBAWN, a parish, in the union of New Ross,
partly in the barony of Bantry, but chiefly in that of
Shelmalier West, county of Wexford, and province
of Leinster, 6 miles (S. E.) from Ross, on the main
road from that place to Wexford; containing 1*03 in-
habitants. During the rebellion of 1798, the insurgents
encamped in great force on Carrigburne hill, here, and
remained for several days until the evening of the 4th
of June, when they marched to Corbet Hill, near New
Ross ; they attacked that town on the following morn-
ing, and were repulsed with great loss after a most
desperate contest. In breaking up their camp at Car-
rigburne, they had left behind them a considerable
number of prisoners whom they had collected from the
surrounding country, and placed under a strong guard
in a barn belonging to the house of ScuUabogue, situated
at a short distance from the foot of the hill. Some of
the insurgents, finding that the result of the conflict
was adverse to them, made their way back to Carrig-
burne for safety ; and either to revenge their defeat, or,
as some allege, in order to account for their unexpected
return, they pretended that they bore orders from their
commander-in-chief to put all the prisoners indiscrimi-
nately to death. The barn was in consequence set oa
fire ; and whenever auy of the unfortunate prisoners
attempted to escape from the flames, their inhuman
executioners, who spared neither sex nor age, merci-
lessly thrust them back with their pikes into the de-
vouring element : in this manner, 159 persons miserably
perished. For a long time after the perpetration of this
dreadful massacre, the house of ScuUabogue remained
unoccupied, but within the last few years a farmer had
the courage to inhabit it : the present proprietor,
Richard C. Brown Clayton, Esq., desiring a residence,
enlarged and fitted up a neighbouring cottage, called
Carrigburne Lodge, preferring it to the gloomy mansion
of ScuUabogue and its dark reminiscences.
The PARISH comprises "537 statute acres, which are
chiefly under tillage and tolerably well cultivated.
There is no waste land, with the exception of the upper
part of the hill of Carrigburne, a lofty eminence com-
posed chiefly of hard greenstone, rising abruptly to a
height of about 2000 feet above the level of the sea,
and commanding from its summit a widely extended
prospect of the surrounding country, the neighbouring
coast with its harbours, bays, and tidal lakes, and the
sea, in which the Saltee Islands are conspicuous ob-
jects. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns,
united from time immemorial with the adjoining parish
of Adamstown, which union constitutes the corps of
the archdeaconry of Ferns : the tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £2*0. In the Roman Catholic divisions New-
bawn is the head of a union, comprising also the parish
of Adamstown, and parts of Donooney and Horetown :
a large chapel stands in the village of Newbawn, and a
smaller at Raheenarosthia. Ballinaboola, on the borders
of Carnagh and Kilscanlan, is a dispensary district in-
cluding part of the parish of Newbawn. On the top
of the rugged but picturesque rock of Carrigadagon,
near the principal road from Wexford to New Ross, a
lofty column of granite, of similar height and propor-
tions with Pompey's pillar at Alexandria, was erected by
the late Lieutenant-General Browne Clayton, to com-
memorate the actions performed by the gallant regiment
in which he served. The situation has been chosen
3D
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with much taste and judgment, and the monument is a
handsome object which can be seen, conspicuously,
standing on its rocky elevation, at a great distance,
from many parts of the country around ; but as there
is no inscription upon it, the purpose of its erection
may become a puzzle to the antiquaries of future ages.
In the townland of Newbawn are the ruins of an ancient
castle ; and several raths or forts are scattered over the
parish.
NEWBLISS, a market and post town, in the parish
of KiLLEEVAN, uniou of Clones, barony of Dartry,
county of Monaghan, and province of Ulster, 4 miles
(E. S. E.) from Clones, and 66 (N. W.) from Dublin, on
the road from Clones to Dublin ; containing 566 in-
habitants. It is situated contiguous to the fine demesne
and plantations of Newbliss House ; and consists of
one wide street, containing 111 houses, mostly of re-
spectable appearance. The town is a station of the con-
stabulary police, and has a sub-post office to Clones and
Cootehill. The market, which is on Saturday, is prin-
cipally for pigs and flax ; and fairs are held on the last
Saturday in each month, chiefly for cattle and pigs :
the market-house and shambles are neat buildings, and
there is a good inn. Here are a neat meeting-house for
Presbyterians, erected in 1816 ; a school under the Lon-
don Hibernian Society ; and a dispensary.
NEWBRIDGE, a market and post town, partly in
the parish of Morristown-Biller, but chiefly in the
parish of Great Connell, union of Naas, barony of
CoNNELL, county of Kildare, and province of Lein-
STER, 5j miles (S. W. by W.) from Naas, and 21 (S. W.)
from Dublin ; containing 792 inhabitants. This place
appears to have arisen since the erection of extensive
barracks for cavalry in 1816. It is situated on the
river Liffey, over which is a handsome stone bridge of
five arches, but so narrow that two carriages cannot
drive abreast on it ; and stands on the coach-road from
Dublin to Limerick. The town consists of one street,
on the western bank of the river. The barracks are
spacious, consisting of two parallel ranges of building,
connected by a central range at right angles ; and are
capable of accommodating two regiments, with apart-
ments for their officers, and an hospital for 100 patients.
A patent has been obtained for two free markets, on
Tuesday and Friday in every week ; and for two fairs,
on the 3rd of May and 15th of August. Here are a con-
stabulary police station ; a dispensary ; and a Roman
Catholic chapel, with a friary.
NEWBRIDGE, a village, in the parish of Castle-
macadam, barony of Arklow, county of Wicklow,
and province of Leinster, 4^ miles (S.) from Rath-
drum, in connexion with which it has a receiving-house
for letters : the population is returned with the parish.
It is pleasantly situated in the vale of Ovoca, on the
eastern bank of the river of that name, and near the
mail-road from Dublin to Wexford. The village gives
name, with Baranisky, to the Roman Catholic district,
and contains a neat chapel, to which a national school
is attached.
NEWCASTLE, a small sea-port town, in the parish
of KiLCOO, union of Kilkeel, barony of Upper Iveagh,
county of Down, and province of Ulster, 3^ miles
(S. E.) from Castlewellan ; containing 105" inhabitants.
This place, which is situated on the shore of Dundrum
bay in the Irish Sea, derives its name from a castle
NE WC
erected by Felix Magennis, in the memorable year of
the Spanish Armada ; and though only an inconsider-
ble fishing-village previously to the year 1822, it has
since been gradually increasing in importance, and now
consists of 196 houses. In addition to its trade as a
port, it has made great advances as a fashionable place
for sea-bathing ; it is nearly a mile in length, con-
taining several large and handsome private dwelling-
houses, and numerous comfortable and respectable
lodging-houses. The castle built by Magennis (close to
the sea-shore) has been taken down, and on its site Earl
Annesley has erected a spacious and elegant hotel, from
a design by Mr. Duff, of Belfast, at an expense of £3000 ;
which is fitted up with superior accommodations, in-
cluding hot and cold baths, and every requisite arrange-
ment. The house is beautifully situated, and commands
a most extensive prospect, embracing the Isle and Calf
of Man in the front, and in the rear the lofty moun-
tains of Morne. Earl Annesley has also built a marine
residence, called Donard Lodge, at the foot of Slieve-
Donard ; the demesne is laid out with great taste, and
within its limits is a chalybeate spa, to which the
public has free access. The other seats are, Tollymore,
situated near the town ; Brook Lodge ; and the re-
sidence of the Law family, a handsome mansion in
the Elizabethan style. The environs are of pleasing
character, and abound with interesting scenery ; they
afford many agreeable walks and rides, and within two
miles of the town are Tollymore Park, the seat of the
Earl of Roden, and the beautiful village and church of
Bryansford.
The trade of the port consists chiefly in the export of
cattle, grain, and potatoes ; and the import of coal,
iron, salt, &c. : the gross estimated value of the exports
in a recent year was £3681, and of the imports £3156.
A pier has been erected on an extensive scale, at an
expense of £30,000 ; it is accessible at high water to
vessels of large burthen, and has been very beneficial to
the trade of the town. Granite of fine quality abounds
in the neighbourhood; a quarry was opened in 1824,
by J. Lynn, Esq., and the stone is conveyed from the
mountain by a rail-road to the pier, where large quan-
tities of it are shipped. From this quarry was raised
the stone for the court-house, new prison, infirmary,
and fever hospital, of Downpatrick ; the chapel of ease
in this town ; and the spire of Inch church. Newcastle
is the head of a coast-guard district, which extends
from Strangford to Warren Point, including the stations
of Gun Island, Ardglass, St. John's Point or Killough,
Leestone, and Cranfield ; comprising a force of one
resident inspector, seven officers, and 66 men. A re-
ceiving-house for letters in the town is in connexion
with Castlewellan ; and a constabulary police force has
been stationed here. The chapel of ease is a handsome
building, with a spire at the east end ; it was erected at
an expense of £1500 by Earl Annesley, who pays the
curate a stipend of £100. In the mountains and
streams near Newcastle are found fine specimens of
rock-crystal, of the various hues of beryl, emerald,
amethyst, and topaz ; some of which have brought high
prices. Sand-eels are obtained in great numbers on
the beach at particular seasons. Within a mile and a
half is a place called the Giant's steps, near which is a
cavity of great depth, resembling the shaft of a mine,
and called Armour's Hole, from the circumstance of a
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N E W C
man of that name having been thrown into it, whose
body was (bund next day at St. John's Point, about ten
miles distant. At a small distance from it is a cavern
resembling a tunnel, supposed to have been excavated in
the rock by the incessant action of the waves.
NEWCASTLE, or NEwcASTLE-juxta-LvoNS, a pa-
rish (formerly a parliamentary borough), in the union
of Celdridge, barony of Newcastle, county of Dub-
lin, and province of Leinsteh, 2 miles (N. W.) from
Rathcoole; containing 1 108 inhabitants, of whom 281
are in the village. A charter dated March 30th, 1613,
was granted to this place by James I., whereby it was
erected into a corporation consisting of a portreeve, 12
free burgesses, and a commonalty, with power to appoint
inferior officers ; to hold a court of record for pleas to
the amount of five marks ; and to be a guild mercatory,
and the portreeve to be clerk-ofthe-market. In 1608,
a grant was made to James Hamilton, Esq., to hold a
market here on Thursdays, and fairs on the feasts of St.
Swithin and All Saints, and the day after each ; and in
1762, the portreeve and burgesses obtained a grant of a
market on Mondays, and fairs on May 9th and Oct. 8th.
All of these markets and fairs are discontinued. The
borough also sent two members to the Irish parliament,
but it was disfranchised at the Union. The village has
a petty-sessions court, and a dispensary.
The parish comprises 4282 statute acres : agriculture
is in a high state of improvement ; the principal crops
are wheat, oats, and potatoes. There are good quarries,
the stone of which is used for building, and repairing
the roads. The Grand Canal passes through the parish,
as does also the line of the Dublin and Cashel rail-road.
Part of the demesne of Lyons, the splendid seat of the
Right Hon. Lord Cloncurry, is in the parish : the other
seats are, Athgoe Park, one part of which is a castle
erected at a very early period, and in the grounds of
which are the tower or keep of Colmanstown, and an
old burial-place ; Newcastle House ; Newcastle ; Pea-
mount ; and Colganstown, the property of the corpora-
tion of Dublin. The living is a rectory, in the diocese
of Dublin, and was made the corps of the archdeaconry
of Glendalough by an act of the Sth of Edward IV.
(1467) ; it is in the patronage of the Archbishop. The
tithe rent-charge is £187. 10. A small plot of ground
in Myler's Alley, Dublin, measuring Ir. 24/)., on which
some houses stand that arc let on lease at £18. 9. per
annum, belongs to the archdeaconry : the gross annual
value of the dignity, before the passing of the Rent-
charge act, was £418. 9. There are an excellent glebe-
house, and a glebe of 16 acres, to which 2a. 3r. 17p.
were added on the inclosure of the common. The
church was erected about the 15th century, and is
chiefly remarkable for its fine eastern window, which is
greatly admired, and was removed to it in 17-4, when
the building underwent a thorough repair ; the ivy
which covers the walls contributes to its picturesque
appearance. It was new-roofed and thoroughly repaired
in 1835 and 1837, by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
The church has an annual economy fund of £3. 8. 10.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Saggard ; a neat chapel with a belfry
was erected in 1813, at a cost of about £1500. In the
village are the ruins of three castles.
NEWCASTLE, a market and post town, a parish,
and the head of a union, partly in the barony of Shanid,
38-
but chiefly in that of Glenquin, county of Limericb,
and province of Munster, 20 miles (S. W.) from Lime-
rick, on the road to Killarney andTralee, and 1 14 (S. W.)
from Dublin J containing 4191 inhabitants, of whom
2266 are in the town, which extends into the parish of
Monegay and contains altogether 2917 inhabitants.
This place, anciently called Castle- Roe, derived both its
origin and name from the erection of a castle here by
the Knights Templars in 1184, round which, in process
of time, a town was formed, that was fortified, and that
ultimately obtained a charter of incorporation. After
the suppression of the order, it lapsed to the crown,
and, becoming the property of the Geraldines, suffered
severely in the numerous vicissitudes of fortune which
that powerful family underwent. During the reign of
Elizabeth three battles were fought near the town. On
the death of the great Earl of Desmond, the castle with
the surrounding land.s escheated to the queen, who, by
patent dated in 1591, granted it to Sir William Cour-
tenay, with instructions to plant English settlers on it.
It is probable that this condition was not fulfilled, as
Sir William and his son were afterwards dispossessed,
and a re-grant of the property was made, in 1638, to Sir
George Courtenay, from whom the estates have de-
scended to the Right Hon. the Earl of Devon, the pre-
sent proprietor.
The TOWN is situated on a small stream called the
Arra, which falls into the Deel about a mile eastward.
It comprises four principal streets, and a spacious
square, the north side of which is chiefly occupied by
an infantry barrack ; on the south are the parish church
and the castle, and the east and west sides are formed
by lines of large and handsome houses. On the south
side of the river, which here separates the parish from
that of Monegay, are the shambles, a neat and commo-
dious structure. A fever hospital and a dispensary,
which stand on an eminence near the town, have accom-
modations for 1 5 intern patients. Courts leet and baroa
are held by the seneschal of the manor, and petty-ses-
sions for the district are held every Friday : the bride-
well contains two day-rooms, two airing-yards, and four
cells. The town is a chief constabulary police station.
The patent under which markets are held names Tues-
day, Thursday, and Saturday ; but the last only is in
use: fairs are held on April 1st, May 3rd, July 12th,
Aug. 20th, Oct. 1st, and Dec. 10th, for the sale of cattle,
agricultural implements, and liuen and woollen cloth.
There are several establishments in the town for dying
woollens ; also a large ale and beer brewerj- ; and a great
number of shoe and brogue makers, all in full employ-
ment ; as is also a bleaching establishment in the im-
mediate vicinity, which occupies eight acres and gives
work to a number of men. Several lines of road,
recently opened, have tended greatly to improve the
entrances into the town, and other proposed improve-
ments are expected still further to advance its increasing
prosperity. A canal from the town to the Shannon, a
distance of 14 miles, could be cut at a small expense,
and would tend much to its commercial advantage,
as its distance from any great market is upwards of
20 miles.
The parish comprises 5425 statute acres. The soil
is extremely fertile, with the exception of about 300
acres of mountain, and even these afford excellent pas-
ture. The land is in a high state of cultivation, pro-
3 D2
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ducing abundant crops of wheat, oats, and potatoes,
with some barley and clover ; much of it is occupied in
dairy-farms, and in the pasturing of cattle. The fertile
part is based on limestone, and the mountain contains
coal in great abundance. Of five strata in which this
mineral is found, the two upper only are worked ; the
lower three, which are said to be much the best, seem
to be but little known : the culm which is raised is
chiefly used for burning lime ; turf, drawn from the
mountains on the west, being generally preferred for
fuel. Excellent silicious grit, used for the roads, is
found on the mountain : ironstone and fire-clay are
also abundant, but not used. Coarse linen and woollen
cloths, stuffs, and friezes, are manufactured to some
extent in the surrounding district. The scenery through-
out the parish is rich, varied, extremely picturesque, and
embellished with numerous elegant mansions and villas :
the principal of these in the vicjnity of the town are,
Courtenay Castle, the property of the Earl of Devon ;
Springfield Castle, the residence of Lord Muskerry;
Glanduff Castle, of the Stevelly family ; Knockaderry
House ; Cahirmoyle, of William Smith O'Brien, Esq. ;
Mount Plummer ; Chesterfield ; Heathfield ; Castle-
view ; Ringwood Lodge ; Churchtown ; Ashgrove ; and
Glanastar.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Limerick, episcopally united from time immemorial
to the rectory and vicarage of Monegay, and in the
patronage of the Earl of Devon : the tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £168. 15., and of the whole union
£543. 15. The glebe of this parish comprises 33 acres,
in three detached portions ; that of Monegay is 53 acres,
all excellent land. The church, built in 1777 at the sole
expense of Wilham, second Viscount Courtenay, is a
handsome structure in the early English style, with a
square embattled tower surmounted by pinnacles ; in it
are two good monuments of the Locke family : the
burial-ground, which is at a short distance from the
town, has the remains of the old church within its in-
closure. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
the head of a district, comprising also parts of Monegay
and Killeedy : the chapel, a handsome building of hewn
stone, was erected in IS'28, by subscription, towards
which the Earl of Devon, who also gave the ground for
its site, contributed £400 ; it is situated in the parish
of Monegay. The Courtenay school, immediately ad-
joining the town, is of ancient foundation, but the house
was rebuilt in 1826; it now affords accommodation for
260 boys and an equal number of girls, with a residence
for the master and mistress. The earl contributed two-
thirds of the outlay for building, and the institution is
maintained wholly at his expense ; it is free for all the
poor children of the town and neighbourhood. The
union workhouse, occupying a site of 5 acres purchased
for £250, was completed in 1840 at a cost of £4860,
and will contain 550 paupers. The ruins of the castle
are very e.xtensive ; and two of its towers, one square,
the other round, are in a good state of preservation, as
are the tower and banqueting-house near the church:
many parts of its range of arched vaults are also perfect.
In the castle demesne is a chalybeate spring, formerly
in considerable repute, and protected by a covered build-
ing which still exists. Shells and other marine deposits
are frequently found in the limestone rocks, some of
them in a very perfect state.
388
NE WC
NEWCASTLE, a parish, in the barony of Iffa and
Offa West, union and county of Tipperary, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 7 miles (S. W. by S.) from Clonmel,
on the road to Cappoquin ; containing 2953 inhabitants,
of whom 253 are in the village. The parish is situated
on the river Suir, and comprises 10,855 statute acres.
The state of agriculture is improving, and part of the
mountain land, of which there is a good deal on the
southern boundary, is under cultivation : in the moun-
tain are about 500 acres of bog. The rivers Tar and
Rossmore, both branches of the Suir, pass along the
verge of the parish to the east and west. There is a
dispensary in the village of Newcastle ; petty-sessions
are held there every fortnight ; and it is a constabulary
police station. A fair granted by patent to the parish
of Mullogh, on the opposite side of the river, is held
here by mutual consent, on Feb. 12th, as affording
greater facilities for traffic. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore : the rectory is united
to the rectory and vicarage of Tulloghmeelan, and con-
stitutes the corps of the treasurership of Lismore ; the
vicarage comprises also the parish denominated the
Particle of Mullogh : both benefices are in the patronage
of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £166. 5. 6., of
which £97. 1. are payable to the rector, and the remain-
der to the vicar. There is a glebe of 4a. 2r. The church
is in ruins, the west window and a portion of the walls
being its only remains. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is the head of a district, called some-
times the Four-mile-water, comprising this parish and
those of Derrygrath and Kilronan : there are two chapels
in the union ; that of Newcastle is a large building,
erected about 30 years since, and recently enlarged con-
siderably. On the bank of the river Suir are the ruins
of a castle which was in the possession of the Birming-
ham family, and afterwards passed into that of the
Prendergasts, and thence, at the period of the Revolu-
tion, into the Perry family, in which it is still vested :
it forms a very picturesque feature in the landscape.
NEWCASTLE, a parish, partly in the barony of
DECiEs-without-DRUM, but chiefly in the barony of
MiDDLETHiRD, uuiou and county of Waterford, and
province of Munster, 7 miles (W. S. W.) from Water-
ford, on the road to Dungarvan ; containing 1337 inha-
bitants. It comprises 3961 statute acres, presenting a
dreary surface of naked rocks, intermixed with small
patches of cultivation, and tracts of heath and furze.
The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, form-
ing part of the union of Dunhill : the rectory is impro-
priate in the Corporation of Waterford, and the tithe
rent-charge is £112. 10., of which £67. 10. are payable
to the impropriators and the remainder to the vicar.
Near Knockaderry, on the southern confines of the
parish, is a subterraneous passage in a solid rock, sup-
posed to have had some connexion with Druidical rites ;
and under a cairn of stones here was discovered a kist-
vaen, containing human bones, some of which appeared
to have been burnt.
NEWCASTLE, a parish, in the union of Rath-
drum, barony of Newcastle, county of Wicklow,
and province of Leinster ; containing, with the post-
town of Newtown-Mount-Kennedy (which is separately
described), 3992 inhabitants, of whom 196 are in the
village of Newcastle. The parish was included in the
ancient territory of Crioch-Cualan, or Hy-Briiin-Cualan,
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was the centre of the eastern or maritime portion of the
Byrnes' Country, and part of the Ranelagh, a district
that, for more than two ceuturies, has given the title of
viscount to the family of Jones. It takes its name from
the castle built at a very early period after the English
settlement, to protect the colony here from the molest-
ations of the septs of the O'Tooles and the Byrnes, by
whom part of the county of Wicklow was then pos-
sessed. The place became a principal military station
and the chief town of the English on the eastern side of
this tract of country, long before the erection of the
town of Wicklow into a borough, or of the county into
shire ground. In old records it is called Novum Caslrum
M'^Kijiie^an ; and in a grant of tolls for repairing the
walls of the city of Emly, made in the 31st of Edward I.,
a similar grant to this town for three years, and for the
same purpose, is quoted. In 1308 the castle was re-
paired by Piers Gaveston, the unfortunate favourite of
Edward II., when lord-lieutenant of Ireland. That the
English held this castle and manor for a long time after
by a very precarious tenure, appears from the fact that
one of the clauses of the articles of submission made by
Byrne to Thomas of Lancaster, lord-lieutenant in the
reign of Henry IV., was a covenant that the king should
quietly enjoy the manor of Newcastle ; and in an offi-
cial document in the reign of Elizabeth, several of its
townlands are described as being the inheritance of
Pheagh and Phelim ISIac Teige Hugh Byrne, the latter
of whom was then the senior chieftain of the Ranelagh
sept of the Byrnes, and in that character was present at
the parliament held in Dublin in 1585. The manor was
vested in the crown in the reign of Charles I., and after
the Restoration was parcelled out among several pa-
tentees under the Act of Settlement. Cromwell is said
to have besieged the castle in his march upon We.xford.
In the reign of Charles II. Newcastle was a large town,
consisting of several streets, all of which were burned in
one night by an incursion of the Irish from the moun-
tains, under Pheagh O'Toole. A large portion of the
castle is still to be seen on an artificial moated mount.
Near the north end of the village are the vestiges of a
strong building, said to have been the gaol and court-
house, and near it are the remains of two other castles ;
a large sewer was also lately discovered, in which were
found many cannon balls and skeletons.
The PARISH, which is bounded on the mountain side
by the river Vartrey, and is intersected by the lower
road from Bray to We.tford, and by the mail-road from
Dublin to We.xford, contains 11,7*55 statute acres. For
civil purposes it is divided into two parts ; the Upper,
including the town of Newtown-lNIount-Kcnnedy and
the hamlet of Monaleen, containing 2766 inhabitants ;
the Lower, including the village, and the hamlet of Lea-
beg, I'^'^e inhabitants. A large portion of the shore on
the eastern side of the parish is subject to inundations
from the sea, and in the middle of it is an opening into
which the tide rushes with great violence, rendering the
whole of the neighbouring low land a continuous marsh ;
the land here is intersected with deep artificial trenches,
called sluygs, cut to prevent the floods from injuring
the cultivated land. The western limit of the parish is
formed by a range of hills extending from Dunran to
Drumbawn, between which and the sea is a fine tract of
rich soil, highly cultivated, thickly planted, and studded
with numerous mansions, villas, demesnes, and parks.
389
N E W C
The general substratum is clay-slate : the soil iu the
lower lands is a strong loam of some depth, producing
barley and oats of the first quality ; that of the upper
lands varies from a light and dry to a shingly soil, which,
when dressed with lime or marl, yields good crops of
oats. Some of the finest veal and earliest lamb brought
to the Dublin market is reared here. The long white
early potato, called Bangors, is extensively cultivated.
The salt-marsh of Cooldross, formed by the opening to
the sea already noticed, is much esteemed for its salutary
effects in recovering surfeited horses. Adjoining the
marsh is a bog, the peat of which, when wrought into
a compost, makes excellent fuel : much turf is also
brought from the mountains, which is known by the
name of slane turf, from the implement used in cut-
ting it.
The village is situated two miles (S. S. E.) from
Newtown-Mount-Kennedy. The church village occupies
a gradual ascent commanding a fine view of the sea,
which bounds an intervening prospect of rural scenery,
the effect of which is much increased by the ruins of
the old castle and the simple and neat modern edifice of
the parish church. Fairs are held on April 1st, July
10th, Sept. 1st, and Dec. 6th. There is a coast-guard
station at Five-mile Point, belonging to the district of
Glyn. The parish contains several elegant seats, besides
those iu the immediate vicinity of Newtown-Mount-
Kennedy. Among the finest is Woodstock, the resi-
dence of Lord Robert Ponsonby Tottenham, Bishop of
Clogher ; the mansion is a large square building, in the
centre of a finely wooded demesne, commanding an
extensive prospect bounded by the sea : it was a fa-
vourite residence of Marquess Wellesley, during his first
vice-royalty. Of the numerous other seats and villas,
that add so much to the charms of this delightful dis-
trict, are. Mount John ; Killadreenan, commanding an
extensive sea view, with the entrance of the beautiful
glen of Dunran ; Seamore Lodge, which enjoys a fine
view of the Sugar-loaf mountains and Bray Head ;
Lower Newcastle, in the grounds of which are the re-
mains of an old fortification, called the Garrison ;
Upper Leabeg ; Leamore, commanding a view of Wick-
low Head, with its two lights ; Lower Leabeg ; Cool-
dross ; and Kilmullen.
The parish comprises two livings, a lay rectory and
a vicarage, iu the diocese of Dublin and Glendalough :
the rectory is in the patronage of Gerard !Macklin, Esq.;
the vicarage, in that of the Archbishop. The tithe rent-
charge is £466. 3. 9., of which £'216. 7- are payable to
the Rev. R. Macklin, £41. 14. 6. to Earl Fitzwilliam,
Ss. 6d. to Lord Robert Tottenham, and the remainder to
the vicar. The glebe-house (annexed to the vicarage,
■with the glebes, comprising 14 acres,) is situated near
the church, a plain but neat edifice with a square pin-
nacled tower. A chapel of ease has been erected at the
entrance of Newtown-Mount-Kennedy. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Kilquade and Kilraurry ; the chapel, a small building,
is at Kilmurry. The parish school in the village, with
apartments for the master and mistress, was erected at
an expense of £350, supplied partly by the Association
for Discountenancing Vice, partly from the Lord-Lieu-
tenants school fund, and partly by subscription. A
charitable fund, raised by annual sermons, and averaging
about £50, is distributed among the destitute poor of
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N E W M
every description. At Killadreeny are the ruins of a
large church, in a cemetery, which is still applied to its
original purpose. Several skeletons of the heads and
horns of the moose- deer, of a large size, were found in
1S35, in a bog on the grounds of the seat at Leamore,
eight feet beneath the surface.
NEWCHAPEL, a parish, in the union of Clonmel,
barony of Iffa and Offa East, county of Tipperary,
and province of Munster, 3j miles (N. W.) from Clon-
mel, on the road to Cashel ; containing 1419 inhabit-
ants. This parish, which from the name of one of its
townlands is called also MuUoghnoney, comprises 48/3
statute acres. The soil is fertile, and the lands are ge-
nerally in a very high state of cultivation ; there is
neither waste nor bog. Limestone is found in abun-
dance, and is extensively quarried both for building and
agricultural uses ; coal is also found in the parish, but
not worked. The principal seats are. Barn, pleasantly
situated in an ample demesne extending into the adjoin-
ing parishes, and embellished with some stately timber ;
Knockeevan; Orchardstown ; Barona; and Springmount.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cashel, consti-
tuting the prebend of Newchapel in the cathedral of
Cashel, and in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe
rent-charge is £346. 12. 6. per annum : the glebe-house,
towards the erection of which the late Board of First
Fruits contributed £100, was built in 1790; the glebe
comprises 17g: acres of profitable land. The church, a
neat edifice, was built in 1821, the Board of First Fruits
granting a loan of £800. On the townland of MuUogh-
noney are the remains of an ancient castle, formerly
belonging to the O'Dogherty family.
NEW-INN, a village, in the parish of Knockgraf-
FOs, union of Cashel, barony of Middlethird, county
of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S.)
from Cashel, on the road to Cahir and Clonmel ; con-
taining 242 inhabitants. It is a station of the con-
stabulary police, and petty-sessions are held once a
fortnight. Fairs are held on March IJth, May I6th,
Aug. 1st, and Dec. 6th. The parochial church, a neat
edifice, is situated in the village; also the principal
chapel of the Roman Catholic district comprising the
parishes of Knockgraffon and Dogstown.
NEWMARKET, a market-town, in the parish of
Clonfert, union of Kanturk, barony of Duhallow,
county of Cork, and province of Mu.nster, 4 miles
(\. W.) from Kanturk, and on the road from Cork, by
the Bogra mountains, to Abbeyfeale and Listowel ; con-
taining 1899 inhabitants. This place was formerly
called Ahatrastie, or " the place of the ford," from its
situation near an ancient ford now superseded by a neat
bridge at the entrance of the town. Its present name
is obviously derived from the establishment of a market
at this place, which was granted to the family of Aid-
worth by James I., on the forfeiture of the estate by
the Macauliffes, and confirmed in the reign of Charles II.
At Scarteen, a village a little to the north of the town,
about 1000 of the peasantry assembled in 1822, anti-
cipating the evacuation of the town by the military, but
were repulsed by Captain Kippock and Lieutenant Green,
who, leaving 10 men to defend the barracks, marched
with 30 to attack the assailants, whom they dispersed
with the loss of about 20 that were killed in the con-
flict. The gentry of the surrounding district, upon this
occasion, presented to each of those officers a handsome
390
piece of plate, as a testimony to their intrepidity'and an
acknowledgment of their services.
The TOWN is situated on a small stream which falls
into the river Dallua a little below, and on the north
side of a gentle eminence ; it consists principally of two
streets intersecting each other at right angles, and con-
tains about 300 houses, several of which are neatly built.
The inhabitants are well supplied with water; the air is
salubrious, and the neighbourhood abounds with inter-
esting scenery. Adjoining is Newmarket House, the
stately mansion of the Aldworth family, lords of the
manor, handsomely built of hewn limestone, and situ-
ated in a demesne richly embellished with timber of
luxuriant growth ; an avenue of ash-trees here is said to
have been planted in the reign of Elizabeth, and there
are some noble specimens of elm, beech, and sycamore.
Near the town are also, Oxclose "Villa, Mount KeelTe,
Liscongill, and The Priory, the last formerly the resi-
dence of John Philpot Curran. The market is on Friday,
and is chiefly for the sale of potatoes and turf ; fairs are
held in the alternate months. A sub-post has been
established in connexion with Kanturk ; a constabulary
police force is stationed in the town ; petty-sessions are
held mostly on every alternate Thursday ; and a court
for the recovery of debts not exceeding 40s. is held here,
every third Friday, for the manor of Newmarket, which
extends over 32,000 statute acres in the parish of
Clonfert.
The parish church, a structure of hewn limestone,
with a lofty tower and spire, is situated in the town ; in
which likewise is the Roman Catholic chapel, a spacious
edifice, erected on a site given by the late Richard Aid-
worth, Esq., who contributed £75 towards its erection,
to which also the Earl of Cork, the late Lord Lisle, and
John Duggan, Esq., liberally subscribed : the altar,
which is a copy of that of the ancient abbey of Quin,
is much admired. Richard Aldworth, Esq., bequeathed
£50; Michael Creagh, Esq., £100; W. Philpot, Esq.,
£40 ; the late Richard Aldworth, grandson of the for-
mer, £100 ; and St. Leger Aldworth, Esq., £100; for
the poor of Newmarket, among whom the interest is
annually divided. St. Leger Aldworth, Esq., also be-
queathed £1000, contingent on the death of three an-
nuitants, to be appropriated, by the representative of
the Ahhvorth family, to the establishment of some
manufacture in the town : part of this sum has been
appropriated to the erection of a market-house. There
are a fever hospital, containing four wards and 20 beds ;
and a dispensary. The celebrated John Philpot Curran
was a native of this town : during his residence at the
Priory, it was the favourite resort of many distinguished
literary and political characters, who used to meet there
under the auspices of Lord Avonmore, also a native of
the place ; they held their meetings annually in the
grouse-shooting season, and, from their conviviality at
the Priory, obtained the appellation of " Monks of the
Screw." Major Swan, who assisted in arresting Lord
Edward Fitzgerald, in 1798, was a native of the town.
NEWMARKET, a village, partly in the parish of
Knocktopher, and partly in that of Aughaviller,
union of Callan, barony of Knocktopher, county of
Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (S. W.)
from Knocktopher, on the road to Carrick-on-Suir ;
containing about 110 inhabitants. It comprises 20
houses, and contains one of the two Roman Catholic
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N E W P
chapels belonging to the union of Ballyhale. Here are
the remains of an ancient round tower, and of a castle
and abbey, the latter containing the cemetery of the
Castlemorris family, whose scat, surrounded by a well-
planted demesne of about 400 plantation acres, is in the
vicinity. The ruins of the castle consist chiefly of the
keep, which attests its former magnitude j and at Dan-
ganmore are the remains of another castle, which form-
erly gave the title of baron palatine to the family of
Comerford, dependents of the Earl of Ormonde. On
the summit of an elevation in the vicinity, called the
King's mountain, are four great natural ridges, one of
red argillite and the rest of breccia ; from this elevation
a most extensive view is obtained of the rich and culti-
vated plain towards Kells and Kilkenny, embracing also
part of the county of Waterford.
NEWMARKET-ON-FERGUS, a post-town, in the
parish of Tomfinloe, union of Ennis, barony of Lower
BuNRATTY, county of Clare, and province of Munster,
6 miles (S. E. by E.) from Ennis, on the mail-road to
Limerick, and 105^ (\V. S. W.) from Dublin ; containing
ir>'26 inhabitants. It is situated about a mile and a
half from the eastern shore of the river Fergus, and con-
sists of '27 1 houses, several of which are neatly built. A
market was formerly held here on Thursday ; but from
its proximity to Ennis and Limerick, to which places
there are several daily public conveyances, it gradually
declined, and is now discontinued ; and of the fairs,
held on March 31st, Aug. 27th, and Dec. 20th, the last
only is now well attended. A "patron" is held on
Easter-Monday. Here is a chief station of the consta-
bulary police ; petty-sessions are held on alternate
Thursdays, and a court for Col. Wyndham's manor of
Bunratty is occasionally held by the seneschal, for the
recovery of small debts. A considerable number of
females are employed in satin-stitching on muslin by
Wm. Lloyd, Esq., of Limerick ; and a school for em-
broidery is patronized by Lady O'Brien. An unsuccess-
ful attempt was some time since made by Sir Edw.
O'Brien to establish the linen manufacture. Newmarket
gives name to the Roman Catholic district, held by the
administrator of the Bishop of Killaloe, and comprising
the parishes of Tomfinloe, Kilnasoolagh, Kilmaleery,
Clonloghan, Kilconry, Bunratty, and Dromline. The
principal chapel, a spacious and substantial building, is
in the town ; and there are chapels for the rural district
at Kilmaleery and Bunratty. Here is a dispensary.
Newmarket House, the spacious mansion of C. Studdert,
Esq., is in the town ; and in its vicinity are several
handsome seats, among which are, Dromoland, the
superb castellated edifice of Sir Lucius O'Brien ; Carri-
goran, the beautifully situated mansion of Sir Wm. Fitz-
gerald ; Glenw ood ; Ballykilty ; and MoguUane. — See
Tomfinloe.
NEWMILLS, a village, in the parish of Tullanis-
KiN, union and barony of Dungannon, county of Ty-
rone, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (N. N. E.) from
Dungannon, on the road to Cookstown ; containing
about 105 inhabitants. It derives its name probably
from two corn-mills- erected in 175S, by the proprietor
of the adjoining lands ; and comprises 20 houses, most
of which are indifferently built. Here is the parochial
church, a plain edifice with a square embattled tower ;
and nearly adjoining it is the principal parochial school,
with a residence for the master, endowed with a portion
391
of the glebe land, comprising one acre. — See Tullanis-
KIN.
NEWPORT, or Newport-Mayo, a market and
post town, in the parish and barony of Burrishoole,
union of Westport, county of Mayo, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, .5^ milcs (N. by W.) from Westport, and
139| (W. by N.) from Dublin; containing lOyi inhabi-
tants. This town, which is situated at the extremity of
Clew bay, was the original port of discharge for the
county of Mayo : it is intersected by a fine river, which
rises in Lough Beltra and falls into the bay ; the river
Burrishoole also flows through the parish, and both
abound with excellent salmon, for taking which there
are weirs about half a mile above the town. The place
consists of one principal street and several others, and
contains about 200 houses, some of which are well built
and of neat appearance. The trade, formerly very ex-
tensive, has, from the difficulty of communication with
the interior, been in a great measure transferred to West-
port, and at present consists principally in the export of
grain, of which, on an average, 3000 tons are annually
shipped to England. The pier was erected at the ex-
pense of Sir R. A. O'Donel and some of the merchants
of the town; the quays are extensive and commodious,
and accessible to vessels of 200 tons' burthen, which can
be moored in safety alongside, can take in or deliver
their cargoes at all times of the tide, and within a few
hundred yards may lie at anchor in perfect security.
The channel is safe, and the harbour very commodious :
the entrance into the bay, which is called indifferently
Clew, Newport, or Westport bay, is spacious and direct ;
and within it are numerous islets and rocks, between
which, on each side, are several good roadsteads, capable
of accommodating large vessels, with anchorage in from
two to six fathoms. The market is on Tuesday ; and
fairs are held on June Sth, Aug. 1st, Nov. llth, and Dec.
20th. A chief constabulary police force is stationed in
the town ; petty-sessions are held every Tuesday, and a
manorial court on the first Wednesday in every month.
The court-house in which the sessions are held is a
small neat building. The parish church and a Roman
Catholic chapel are situated in the town. In the vicinity
is Newport House, the seat of Sir R. A. O'Donel. Three
miles distant, on the sea-shore, is Rockfleet Castle, a
small square fortress said to have been built by Grana-
Uile, better known as Grace O'Malley, and celebrated
for her maritime exploits ; and about a mile to the
south-east of the town is Carrickaneady, one of the
castles said to have been built by the Burkes.
NEWPORT, or St. John's Newport, a post-
town, in the parish of Kilvolane, union of Nenagh,
barony of Owney and Arra, county of Tipperary,
and province of Munster, S miles (E.) from Limerick,
and S6 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the old road to Limerick ;
containing 1072 inhabitants. This town is pleasantly
situated on a considerable stream that falls into the
river Shannon at Castle Troy, near Mount Shannon, a
little below the village of Anacotty ; and contains 165
houses, most of which are neatly built. It is a station
for a company of infantry. Fairs are held on April 27th,
May 29th, July 21st, and Oct. 23rd, which last was
formerly a very large fair for bullocks, but has now
wholly ceased as such : a constabulary police force is
stationed in the town, and petty-sessions arc held every
Friday. The environs are pleasant, and in the vicinity
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are several seats. The parish church, situated in the
town, is a neat edifice, to which a handsome octagonal
tower was added in 18'2a, and towards the erection of
which the Board of First Fruits contributed £410 ; it
contains a monument erected in 18'26 bj' Lady Waller,
to her late husband. Sir Robt. Waller, Bart. There is
also a Roman Catholic chapel. Close to the town is one
of the Incorporated Society's buildings. The charter
school which was formerly held within it, was broken up
in 1818, on the withdrawal from the society of the
annual parliamentary grant ; the premises, which are of
large dimensions, were let to government as a barrack
for two companies of foot, and new schools were opened
in a detached building on the premises. On the with-
drawal of the military in 1836, the barrack was sur-
rendered by government to the society, and remained
for some years unoccupied. The Rev. Mr. Hiffernan,
the present rector, in 1840 rented the house, and '20
acres of ground in the centre of which it stands, from
the society at £.50 a year, which sum is appropriated as
the salaries of the master and mistress of their free
schools ; and the rector, aided by the society, has
thoroughly repaired the buildings, built a detached
schoolroom in the court-yard, and established a flou-
rishing scientific and classical boarding-school, now ad-
mitting forty boys, and under the management of an
experienced master. There is a dispensary, which treats,
on an average, as many as 3,500 cases annually. The
horns of a moose deer were found in 18'26. Newport
gives the inferior title of baron in the peerage of Ireland
to the Earl of Roden.
NEW-QUAY, county of Clare.— See Abbey.
NEWRATH-BRIDGE, county of Wicklow.— See
Rath NEW.
NEW-ROSS. Wexford.— See Ross, New.
'^^i^^X?«•:^ NEWRY, a sea- port,
borough, market, and post
■^^Jv^ town, a parish, and the head
" t^! of a union, partly in the ba-
^■p rony of Oneilland West,
and partly in that of Upper
■:^-i) Orior, county of Armagh,
but chiefly constituting the
'^^i^' /'%'-^'^^^^-W\ --"2* '"■■'^**'^'P "*'' Newry, in the
>,f-^(¥ki-/r!^m:-^:^,\>^-^:. county of Down, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 30 miles
Seal. (S- W.) from Belfast, and .50
(N.) from Dublin, on the
road to Armagh, and on the great northern road to Bel-
fast ; containing '25,168 inhabitants, of whom 11,97'2
are in the town. It was a place of some importance at
a very remote period. The Annals of the Four Masters
notice a monastery in it, in which was a yew-tree
planted by St. Patrick. The next intimation of its
existence is the record of the foundation of a Cistercian
abbey, in 1157, by Maurice Mac Loughlin, King of Ire-
land ; the charter of which is extant, and has been pub-
lished by Dr. O'Conor in his work on the Irish writers.
In this charter the place is named Jubhar-cin-tracta,
" the i)ass at the head of the strand," or Jubhar-cinn-
tracta, " the flourishing head of a yew-tree," the former
appellation being traced from the position of the town,
the latter from the circumstance respecting St. Patrick :
by the Latin writers of that day it was called Monaste-
Tium Nevoracense, and in after times Mnnastenum de I'iridi
39'2
Lignn ; it was also named Na-Yiir, and at a still later
period. The Newry s. The charter of Mac Loughlin was
renewed and enlarged by Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster,
in 1237, and the head of the house was made a mitred
abbot, with episcopal jurisdiction within the precincts of
the lordship. When Sir John de Courcy took posses-
sicra of this district, he secured the pass (justly consi-
dered as very important, being the only road through
the mountains between Ulster and Leinster,) by a
castle, which was destroyed by Bruce, on the retreat
of the Scotch after their defeat at Dundalk in 1318.
After several changes of masters, during which the place
was frequently in the possession of the O'Nials, chief-
tains of Ulster, a second castle was built in 1480, which
was demolished by Shane O'Nial, who then held a strong
castle at Feedom, now Fathom. Marshal Bagnal re-
stored the castle, rebuilt the town, and peopled it with
Protestant settlers; for which James I., in 1613, had
granted the entire lordship, together with the manors of
Mourne, Greencastle, and Carlingford, in fee to him and
his heirs for ever. At the breaking out of the civil war
in 1641, Sir Con Magennis took the town and castle,
destroyed the church, and slew many of the inhabitants.
It was shortly after recovered by Lord Conway, who
however did not hold it long, as O'Nial surprised it by
night, and regained possession. In 1 64'2, Munroe in-
vested the town, and took it by storm. After the
Restoration, Newry recovered from the sufferings in-
flicted on it, and continued to flourish till 1689, when it
was burned by the Duke of Berwick in his retreat from
Duke Schomberg : the castle and six houses only re-
mained.
The TOWN is advantageously situated on the Newry
water. The western part, called Ballybot and some-
times Southwark, in Armagh county, is connected with
the eastern, in the county of Down, by four stone bridges,
and four swivel-bridges across the Newry canal, which
runs close to and parallel with the river. The general
appearance of the place, as seen from without, is cheer-
ful and prepossessing ; and the old town, on the eastern
side, situated on the slope of a hill, with its church spire
rising above the houses, leads to an expectation of a
correspondence of character in the interior ; but the
reverse is the case. Like those of other old towns, the
streets are narrow, precipitous, and inconvenient. But
the modern part of the town, generally called " the Low
Ground," is very elegant ; the houses lofty, and built of
granite ; the streets wide, well formed, and paved, with
flagged footways. Marcus-square, with several lines of
new buildings, presents good specimens of domestic
architecture. A great number of excellent springs is-
suing from the rocks eastward of the town, and more
than 200 wells, have been formed in various parts ; but
no artificial means have yet been adopted to provide a
supply of water on a scale commensurate with the
domestic and manufacturing demands of the population :
this want, however, will very soon be supplied. The
streets and pubUc buildings are lighted with gas, sup-
plied by works established by a company in 1822.
Much has been done within the last few years to im-
prove the general appearance of the town and neighbour-
hood : a new line of road has been opened, and an
excellent approach formed from Warren Point, where the
river expands into Carlingford bay ; the north road has
been widened and improved, and several very handsome
N E W R
terraces and detached villas have been built. At the
north end of the town is a fine monument to the memory
of the late Trevor Corry, Esq. Among the bridges, al-
ready noticed, is one of a single arch of elegant propor-
tions, called Needham bridge ; and an iron swivel-bridge
is about to be thrown across the canal, which, when
completed, will open a communication from the Mona-
ghan road to the very centre of the town. A new
bridge is also about to be built leading from Mill-street
to Ballybot. The assembly, news, and coffee rooms
were built by subscription in 1794 ; the assembly-rooms
are spacious and elegant ; the news-room is well fur-
nished with newspapers and periodical publications, and
is open on the most liberal terms to strangers : the
offices of the Commissioners of Police are in this build-
ing. Two newspapers are published here, one three
times and the other twice in the week : a branch of the
Bank of Ireland has been for some time established, and
in 1S46 branches of the Provincial Bank and the Belfast
Banking Company were opened. A barrack affords ac-
commodation for 44 officers and 67O non-commissioned
officers and privates of infantry, and 10 horses, with an
hospital for 30 or 40 patients.
Newry is much more a commercial than a manufac-
turing town, but has nevertheless some thriving factories
and other works. There are two iron-foundries, each
on an extensive scale, for hght castings : the manufac-
ture of flint-glass is carried on largely ; there are also
manufactories of cordage, and of spades, shovels, and
other kinds of ironmongery. One of the most complete
and extensive bleach-greens in the country is at Carn-
meen; and at Bessbrook is a mill for spinning, erected
in 1846, at a cost of £3.5,000. The Newry flour-mills,
worked by water, consume 900 tons of wheat annually ;
and there are several others in the immediate vicinity,
the produce of which is mostly shipped to Liverpool.
An oatmeal-mill grinds 17,000 barrels of grain annually,
which are wholly purchased for Liverpool and Manches-
ter ; and in the neighbourhood are others equally ex-
tensive. Ship-building is carried on with spirit.
The TRADE of Newry, now of much importance, has
gradually risen to its present height from the protection
afforded to the merchants by William IIL Prior to
that time the river was not navigated above Warren
Point ; Newry being then considered as a creek to Car-
lingford, which was the port for all this part of the
coast. But during the reigns of that monarch and his
successors, several grants were made for clearing and
embanking the river, and improving the harbour ; and
at length, in consequence of the many obstructions
arising from the nature of the river, and the advan-
tageous situation of the town as a central mart for the
introduction of foreign commodities into the interior of
Ulster, it was determined to form a line of inland navi-
gation from Newry to Lough Neagh. The communica-
tion is carried on from the Newry water by an artificial
cut, by Acton, Scarva, Tanderagee, and Gilford, to Port-
adown, where it is connected with the Bann, whence it
proceeds in the bed of that river to the lake. It was
commenced in 1730, and connected with Lough Neagh
in 1741 ; and in consequence of the inconveniences
arising from the accumulation of mud and sand to-
wards the mouth of the river, near Newry, it was deemed
advisable to prolong the navigation to Fathom : this
portion of the work, which is two miles in extent, was
Vol. II.— 393
N E W R
completed in I76I. The entire length of the naviga-
tion, including that of Lough Neagh, is 36 miles, and
the total expense was £896,000. In 17'26, the custom-
house had been removed from Carlingford to Newry :
the amount of the first year's customs paid here was
only £1069. 12., and there were then but four trading
barks belonging to the port ; the gross amount of cus-
toms' duties for 1836 was £.58,806, and for 1844
£44,648. About 1758, a considerable trade was carried
on with the West India Islands ; and although at that
time the vessels trading with foreign countries were
prohibited from sailing direct to the Irish ports, being
compelled to land their cargoes in some place in Great
Britain, the Newry merchants succeeded in establishing
a very lucrative traffic with the most celebrated com-
mercial marts in other countries. This branch, how-
ever, was subsequently nearly lost by the competition of
the superior capital of Great Britain, until it revived
after the restrictions were taken off the commerce of
Ireland, in 1783.
The port is very favourably situated for trade near the
inner extremity of Carlingford bay, an arm of the sea
extending nine miles south-east, and measuring two
miles in breadth at its mouth between Cooley Point, in
the county of Louth, and Cranfield Point, in that of
Down. Vessels of the greatest draught can come up to
Warren Point, within five miles of the town ; where they
can ride in from 6 to 8 fathoms of water, in all states of
the tide, in perfect security. Proceedings were lately
completed, in pursuance of a plan recommended by Sir
John Rennie, for deepening and securing the channel
from Narrow Water, and scouring it by a steam-dredge
and other means calculated to facilitate the admission
of vessels of a larger class than those which previously
came up to the quays : the total expense of these im-
provements has been estimated at £90,000. Other
works of great importance are in progress : the Newry
Navigation Company are forming an extension canal
from Fathom, two miles seaward, to Narrow Water, and
they propose widening the lock and deepening the old
canal, so as to admit steamers of 700 tons and sailing-
vessels of large burthen up to the town. The despatch
of business is facilitated by a line of quays on the eastern
bank of the canal, bordered by stores and warehouses,
at which vessels can unload : farther north are basins
or floating-docks, where boats navigating the canal can
take in and discharge their cargoes. The custom-house,
a neat and commodious building, is on the quay, in a
position well adapted for business ; and has extensive
yards and stores for bonding goods adjoining it.
Tlie most important branch of the commerce is the
cross-channel trade, which has increased vastly since
the introduction of steam navigation. The principal
exports in this department are linen-cloth, grain, live
stock, butter, and eggs. In a recent year there were
exported to Liverpool, of linen-cloth, 4965 boxes ; butter,
9'2,000 firkins ; wheat, 4166 tons; barley, 669s tons;
oats, 38,000 tons; flour, 9163 tons; oatmeal, 18,654
tons ; flax, 868 tons ; eggs, 4688 crates ; oysters, 48"2
hogsheads; horned cattle, 7115; pigs, 65,498; and
horses, 498 ; besides which, large consignments of most
of these articles were made to the Clyde. The principal
imports in the same trade are tea, sugar, iron, salt,
British hardware and soft goods, and general merchan-
dise. Two steamers are employed in the Liverpool
3 E
NE W R
trade : the average time of the passage by steam to
Liverpool is 16 hours ; to Glasgow, 14 ; and to Dublin,
12. The chief foreign trade is with the United States
and British North America : the exports are linen-cloth,
blue, starch, and whisky ; the imports, timber, staves,
tobacco, ashes, flax, and clover-seed. The Baltic
trade consists of the importation of timber, tallow,
ashes, flax, flax-seed, and hemp ; hides and tallow
are imported from Odessa ; mats, tar, pitch, flax, and
flax-seed from Archangel ; and wine, fruit, oil, lime-
juice, brimstone and barilla from the Mediterranean.
In the year 1846, 12,399 barrels of flax-seed were im-
ported from Riga alone. The number of vessels belong-
ing to the port is inadequate to the extent of its com-
merce, a great portion of which is carried on in vessels
of other countries : the Baltic trade is carried on ex-
clusively in foreign bottoms ; the United States' trade
in American vessels, the trade to British America and
Russia in British ships, and the coal trade chiefly in
Whitehaven vessels. The market-day, under the patent,
is Thursday ; but a market is held on Tuesday for grain,
and on Saturday for meat. The principal market-house
is near the site of Bagnal's Castle ; there are separate
markets for butchers'-meat, meal, potatoes, grain, and
hides, and two for linen-yarn. Fairs are held on April
3rd and Oct. 29th. An act has been passed for making
a railway from Newry to Enniskilleu ; there will be
another to Warrenpoint and Rostrevor, and the line
from Dublin to Belfast passes within three-quarters of
a mile of the town.
The flourishing state of Newry may be attributed
originally to the favour shewn by Edward VI. to
Marshal Bagnal. The abbey and surrounding terri-
tory were granted to Bagnal, with very extensive privi-
leges, in consequence of his services in Ulster, and were
continued to him by James I., vesting the ecclesiastical
and municipal authority in the proprietor, who, by
virtue of these grants, appointed the vicar-general,
seneschal, and other inferior officers. A charter of the
10th of James I. (1612) made the town a free borough,
by the name of " the Provost, Free Burgesses, and Com-
monalty of the Borough of Newry ;" granting the pro-
vost and 12 free burgesses the power of sending two
members to parliament ; and making the provost judge
of a court of record, to be held weekly on Mondays,
with jurisdiction to the amount of five marks. A charter
granted by James II., in 1688, is not considered to be
of any validity. A grant of James I., in 1613, to Arthur
Bagnal, empowered a court to be held before the senes-
chal of the manor, for pleas to the amount of 100
marks : the jurisdiction of this court extends over the
borough, and a number of other townlands in Down
and Armagh, comprehending 9664 acres in the former,
and 11,434 acres in the latter, of these counties. The
court is held every third Wednesday : the seneschal
limits his jurisdiction by civil bill to £10 ; he also holds
a court leet, once or twice in the year, at which consta-
bles are appointed. All the provisions of the act of
the 9th of George IV., c. 82, for Watching, Lighting,
Cleansing, Paving, and Improving Towns, were intro-
duced liere shortly after the enactment of that statute ;
the number of commissioners was fixed at 21. The police
of the borough is principally managed by the consta-
bulary forces of the counties of Down and Armagh ; the
leading streets are kept in repair by county present-
394
NE W R
ments. These arrangements have tended much to the
neatness, cleanliness, and good order of the town : the
expenditure is defrayed by a local tax, amounting to
about £1150 annually. The elective franchise con-
ferred by James I. was altered at the Union, when the
representation of the borough was limited to a single
member, which continues to be the arrangement. It
was a scot and lot borough, but the right of election is
now vested in the £10 householders 5 the seneschal of
the manor is the returning officer. The borough in-
cludes within its limits a large rural district, compre-
hending 2500 statute acres. The general quarter-
sessions for the county of Down are held here alternately
with Downpatrick ; and those for the Markethill divi-
sion of the county of Armagh, in Ballybot : petty-
sessions are held every Friday. The court-house, a fine
building of recent erection, is at the north end of the
town. There is a bridewell for the temporary confine-
ment of prisoners untd they can be sent to the county
prison at Downpatrick.
The PARISH comprises 22,491 statute acres, of which
968i are in Oneilland West, and 450 1| in Lower Orior ;
the remainder constitutes the lordship, in which is in-
cluded a small isolated portion, locally in the barony of
Upper Iveagh. About 489 acres are covered with water,
and about 260 are bog ; the remainder is mostly arable,
under an excellent system of agriculture, with some
rocky mountain. Though the site of the town is low,
as compared with the surrounding country, the climate
is pure and salubrious, and the prospects iii most parts
beautiful and picturesque. The river on which it is
built, anciently called the Clanrye, but afterwards the
Newry Water, flows, after quitting the town, in a south-
eastern direction through a highly cultivated tract of
rising grounds, well planted, and studded with numerous
villas and seats, into Carlingford bay, which is bounded
on each side by the mountains of Rostrevor and Fathom :
the mountain of Altnaveagh, in the lordship, affords
excellent pasturage, and much of it is cultivated ; but
the greater part of the Fathom range is sterile. The
geological features of the district are very striking : it
forms the western boundary of the granitic range in
this part of Ireland ; and granite, sienite, and porphyry
are found in all their varieties. The old town is almost
exclusively built of porphyry ; the new, of granite.
Whyn-dykes, in which beautiful specimens of zeolite
are frequently imbedded, penetrate the granite in several
directions ; in some places, layers of quartz are inter-
posed between the strata. Oxyde of manganese is of
frequent occurrence ; clay-slate, with mica extensively
disseminated through it, appears on the Armagh side 5
and schist to the north of the town. In the townland
of Creeve many springs burst out of the granite and
quartz rocks, in the streams of which is found a metallic
residuum in large quantities, resembling copper, which
mixes with the sand and is very heavy : near the toll-
gate on the Belfast road is a vein of the newly discovered
mineral, trephine ; and a still greater body of it was
discovered, in 1835, near Mount Kearney. To the north
of the town, on the Belfast road, is a copious chalybeate
spring, highly beneficial in scorbutic cases. The prin-
cipal seats in the vicinity of the town are embellished
with rich and flourishing plantations.
The peculiarities of the ecclesiastical arrangements
of the lordship proceed from its connexion with the
N E W II
N E W T
monastery already noticed, which, after having risen to
a great height of prosperity by the fostering care of
many successive kings, underwent the fate of all the
other monastic institutions during the reign of Henry
VIII. After the Dissolution it was converted into a.
collegiate church for secular priests, which having soon
fallen to decay, the abbey, with all its possessions, was
granted by Edward VI. to Sir Nicholas Bagnal, in as
free, full, and ample a manner as it had been enjoyed
by any abbot. Hence, the episcopal jurisdiction pre-
viously exercised by its clerical head devolved at once
upon its new proprietor, whose representative, the Earl
of Kilmorcy, exercises it to its fullest extent, as lay
abbot ; appointing spiritual officers, holding ecclesias-
tical courts, granting probates of wills and licences of
marriage, and performing every other episcopal act
with as plenary power as any bishop. The living is a
donative, in the patronage of the Earl of Kilmorey, as
lay abbot, who possesses the whole tithes. St. Patrick's
church, built by Sir Nicholas Bagnal in 1.5/8, burnt in
the civil wars, and restored after the Revolution, was
originally the parochial church; but, in 1811, being
much dilapidated and too small for the increasing con-
gregation, an act was obtained under the provisions of
which a new church was built on an enlarged scale and
on a new site, called the parish church of St. Mary's,
Newry. This church, in the Gothic style, with a tower
and spire 190 feet high, was finished in 1819, at a cost
of £1'2,566 British currency, exclusively of £"2469 ex-
pended in the purchase of the site, and in obtaining two
acts of parliament. The funds for liquidating these
charges arose from a bequest of £3138 from the late
W. Needham, Esq., lord of the manor ; a bequest of
£1346 from Sir Trevor Corry ; a donation of £923
from the Earl of Kilmorey; a donation of £461 from
General Needham ; £'2520 raised by the sale of the
pews ; and the remainder by parochial assessment. It
is endowed with £300 per annum, payable by the lay
abbot in lieu of tithe. In 18'29, the old church of St.
Patrick was repaired and fitted up as a chapel of ease :
the living is a chaplaincy or donative, in the gift of the
Earl of Kilmorey, who endowed it with £100 per annum,
subject to the pecuUar jurisdiction of the vicar-general
of Newry.
In the Roman Catholic arrangements tl;e parish is
the head of the diocese of Dromore, being the bishop's
parish or mensal, and is co-extensive with that of the
Established Church ; containing three chapels, two in
the town and one at Shinn, four miles distant, which are
attended by the same number of curates. The older
Roman Catholic chapel, a well-built but plain structure,
with three galleries, and a spacious cemetery attached
to it, was erected in 1789. Being found too small for
the accommodation of the numbers that attended it, a
new chapel was erected in the Low Ground, in the
pointed style, 120 feet long, 74 broad, and 46 feet high
to the ceiling ; the facade consists of a centre and two
wings, with a deeply receding doorway, and is highly
ornamented. The interior consists of a nave and two
aisles detached by rows of moulded granite pillars, sup-
porting lofty pointed arches, over which are the cleres-
tory windows by which the centre is lighted ; the great
altar is surmounted by a large window of three lights.
This chapel is considered to be the diocesan chapel of
the Bishop of Dromore, ■who resides at Violet Hill, to
395
the north of Newry, where there was formerly a house
of lay friars, which has been transferred to the town ;
in which also is a seminary for preparing the youth of
the Roman Catholic church for Maynooth college. A
convent of the order of St. Clare was removed hither
from Dublin, in 1830 : the house, with its appendages,
was presented to the community by the Rev. J. Gilmer,
of Rostrevor ; since which time the nuns have built a
large and handsome chapel in the Gothic style, and also
a school-house for the education of female children.
There are in the town a congregation of Presbyterians
in connexion with the General Assembly, who have a
large and elegant meeting-house ; one in connexion with
the Remonstrant Synod ; and one till lately connected
with the Seceding Synod ; also places of worship for
Independents, Primitive and Independent Wesleyan
Methodists, and Kellyites.
The Mendicity Association, established in 1820, is
now merged in the workhouse. The late William Need-
ham, Esq., in 1806, bequeathed £50 per annum for 50
years to the poor of the parish : this, as well as a be-
quest of £30 per annum, by the late W. Ogle, Esq., to
the poor, and another of the same amount from the late
Mr. Wright, is given in equal shares to the vicar, the
parish priest, and the Presbyterian minister, for the
paupers of their respective congregations. The interest
of £2000, bequeathed by Sir Trevor Corry, is distri-
buted among poor housekeepers. A savings' bank was
founded in 1821, and a very elegant and commodious
building was erected for it a short time since, at a cost
of £2500 : the deposits, at the close of the year 1845,
amounted to £99,000. There are six almshouses,
erected at the expense of the Rev. J. Pullen, vicar-
general, without any endowment attached to them ; the
inmates are appointed by the vicar of Nesvry. The
union workhouse, on a site of seven acres purchased for
£972, was completed in 1841, at a cost of £7100, and is
constructed for 1000 inmates. Among the more re-
markable relics of antiquity may be noticed a large and
perfect rath, about li mile from the town, on the Rath-
iriland road, called Crown Rath. It is an earthwork,
112 feet high, nearly circular at the base, which mea-
sures 585 feet in circumference, with a flat top of ob-
long form ; and is surrounded by a fosse 20 feet broad
and 10 deep. On the south side of the fosse is a
square platform, surrounded with an intrenchment, the
glacis of which declines towards the old ford of the
river. Many other remains of forts, and many crom-
lechs, are to be found in various parts. Newry is said
to have been the birthplace of Jarlath MacTrien, prior
of Armagh in 465 ; also of Dr. Parry, who was raised
to the bishopric of Killaloe in 1647. It gives the infe-
rior title of Viscount to the Earl of Kilmorey.
NEWTOWN, a village, in the parish of Shandrvm,
union of Kanturk, barony of Orrery and Kilmore,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, Si miles
(W.) from Charleville, on the road to Newcastle ; con-
taining 38 houses, and 237 inhabitants. Part of New-
town is on the property of Lord Plunkef, who takes his
title of Baron Plunket, of Newtown, from this place.
A car to and from Rathkeale passes daily through the
village, which is a station of the constabulary police,
and has a fair on the 13th of May. — See Shandrim.
NEWTOWN, barony of Kilkea and Moone, county
of Kildare. — See Killelan.
3 E 2
N E W T
N E W T
NEWTOWN, a village, in the parish of Lvsmagh,
union of Parsoxstown, barony of Garrycastle,
King's county, and province of Leinster, I5 mile (S.)
from Banagher, and on the road from Parsonstown to
Cloghan Castle ; containing 35 houses, and 197 inhabit-
ants. In this village is a station of the constabulary
poLce.
NE'UTOWN, a parish, in the union of Kells,
barony of Lower Kells, county of Meatb, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Kells, and
on the road from Bailieborough, by Navan, to Dublin ;
containing 17-i inhabitants. It is bounded on the west
by a small river, which runs into the Blackwater at
Bloomsbury i and comprises 1103 statute acres of to-
lerably good land, chiefly in tillage. The living is a
rectory, in the diocese of Meath, united by act of coun-
cil, in 1S02, to the rectories of Kilbeg, Emlagh, and
Robertstown, together constituting the union of New-
town, every third presentation to which is in the Bishop,
and the other two in the Crown. The tithe rent- charge
of the parish is £49. 10.; and the gross value of the
benefice, inclusively of the glebe, amounted, before the
passing of the Rent-charge act, to £46*2. 10. The glebe-
house was built in 1811, at an expense of £1384, of
which £100 were a gift and £600 a loan from the late
Board of First Fruits : the glebe comprises ^20 acres,
valued at £50 per annum. The church of the union,
an ancient edifice, is in Newtown. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of
Moynalty.
NEWTOWN, or Newtown-Fartullagh, a parish,
partly in the barony of Fartullagh, but chiefly in that
of MoYCASHEL, uniou of IMuLLiNGAR, couuty of W'est-
meath, and province of Leinster, on the road from
Dublin to Athlone ; containing, with part of the post-
town of Tyrrell's-Pass, 3010 inhabitants. It is bounded
on the west by the river Brosna and comprises 10,'24S5
statute acres : on the north and east is a great extent of
bog, and there is a tract of marsh near the river. The
land, which is of a light quality. Is partly in tillage, and
partly laid out in large grazing-farms : limestone-gravel
is found here. The seats are Newforest and Cornahir ;
Newtownloe, formerly the residence of the Low family,
is now in ruins. On the western side of the parish are
the villages of Ballingore and Newtownloe, and on the
eastern side that of Killevally. The living is a rectory,
in the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage of the
Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is £178. The glebe-
house was built in 181S, at an expense of £1147, of
which £323 were a gift, and £415 a loan, from the late
Board of First Fruits : the glebe comprises 41 1 statute
acres, valued at £'26 per annum. The church, a neat
structure in the Gothic style, was completed in 1834, at
a cost of £1370, of which £1000 were a gift from the
late Board, and the remainder was defrayed by the
incumbent, the Rev. Charles Yignolles, D.D. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Castletown, and contains the chapel of Ra-
heenmore. At TjTrell's-Pass is a meeting-house for Me-
thodists. In the Split hills is a spring remarkable for its
great depth and the purity of its water, which forms a
small stream ; near the old family mansion of the Lows
are the remains of an ancient fortress with a circular
tower. — See Ballingore, Killevally, and Tyr-
rell's-Pass.
396
NEWTOWN-ANDERSON, a village, in the parish
of Calry, barony of Carbury, poor-law union of
Sligo, county of Sligo, and province of Connaxjght ;
containing 32 houses, and 135 inhabitants.
NEWTOWN-ARDES, a market and post towu
(formerly a parliamentary borough), a parish, and the
head of a union, partly in the barony of Lower Cas-
tlereagh, but chiefly in that of Ardes, county of
Down, and province of Ulster, 8 miles (E.) from Bel-
fast, and 88 (N. E.) from Dublin, on the coach-road
from Donaghadee to Belfast ; containing, in 1841,
13,886 inhabitants, of whom 7621 were in the town.
This place has been celebrated from a very early period
for the number of religious foundations in its imme-
diate neighbourhood. In 1244, Walter de Burgh, Earl
of Ulster, founded a monastery here, in honour of St.
Columb, for Dominican friars, which on its dissolution
was granted to Lord Clandeboy, by whom it was as-
signed to Viscount Montgomery of the Ardes ; no ves-
tiges, however, of the building can be traced. On the
north side of the town was the cell of Kiltonga, which
has been supposed to have originally given name to the
parish ; and within five miles were the abbeys of Ban-
gor, Hollywood, Moville, Grey Abbey, Cumber, and the
Black Priory. James I., after the forfeiture of the sur-
rounding territory by Con O'Nial's rebellion, granted
several of the sites and possessions of the neighbouring
monasteries to Sir James Hamilton and Sir Hugh
Montgomery, from whom they passed to the Mount-
Alexander family, and from them, by exchange, into
the family of the Marquess of Londonderry. The inha-
bitants received a charter from James I., in 16 13, incor-
porating them under the designation of the " Provost,
Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of
Newtowne."
The town is beautifully situated a litttle beyond the
northern extremity of Lough Strangford, which, pre-
viously to the reclamation of about 100 acres now under
tillage, formed its boundary on that side ; and is sur-
rounded by an amphitheatre of hills. It consists of one
spacious square, with several wide streets and others of
inferior character, and contains 1593 houses, many of
which are handsomely built. Great improvements have
been made under the auspices of the Marquess of Lon-
donderry ; a new line of road has been constructed to
Belfast, avoiding the hills of Scrabo ; and new roads
also to Cumber and to Grey Abbey, crossing the grounds
reclaimed from the lough : two neat bridges have been
built over the river, and various other improvements
are contemplated. The first attempt to establish a
public brewery, and also a public distillery, was made
in this town in 1769; but both failed, and, in 1819,
John Johnston, Esq., purchased the premises, and re-
built the brewery on an extensive scale : more than
7000 barrels of beer are brewed annually, and ad-
joining are large malting premises for the supply of
the brewery and for sale, in which the malt is made
from barley grown in the neighbourhood. The weav-
ing of damask is carried on to a small extent ; about
600 looms are employed in weaving muslin, and 20 in
weaving coarse linen for domestic use. More than 1000
females are constantly employed in embroidering muslin
for the Glasgow merchants, who send the fabrics hither
for that purpose. A branch of the Belfast Bank has
been established. The market is on Saturday, and is
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amply supplied with provisions of all kinds ; fairs are
held on the second Saturday in every month, also on
Jan. sard, May 14th, and Sept. 23Td, fur cattle, horses,
sheep, pigs, and pedlery.
By the charter of James I. the corporation con-
sisted, until its dissolution in 1840, of a provost, twelve
free burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen, as-
sisted by two serjeants-at-mace. The provost, who was
also judge of the borough court of record, and clerk-of-
the-market, was to be chosen annually from the free
burgesses on the festival of St. John the Baptist, and
sworn into office on that of St. Michael ; the free bur-
gesses, as vacancies occurred, were to be chosen from
the freemen by the provost and a majority of their own
body, by whom also the freemen were admitted by favour
only ; and the serjeants-at-mace were appointed by the
corporati(m. The public business was transacted by a
" Quarter court," consisting of 23 inhabitants, who were
summoned and sworn by the provost as grand jurors ;
they acted as a court leet in the election of various
officers under the corporation, and exercised the power
of presentment to be levied on the borough for various
purposes. This court, which from its name would ap-
pear to have been once held quarterly, was for some
time prior to 1S40 held annually, before the provost,
between Michaelmas and Christmas. The corporation,
under their charter, continued to return two members
to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough
was disfranchised. The borough court of record, which
had jurisdiction to the amout of five marks, has long been
discontinued. The provost was for some time prior to
1840 either re-elected annually, or, being once elected,
continued to hold his office for life ; the burgesses were
no longer chosen from the resident freemen, nor had the
corporation, since 1821, exercised any municipal func-
tions, except the holding of the Quarter court by the
provost. In 1842 the inhabitants adopted the pro-
visions of the act 9th George IV., cap. 82, for Lighting
and Watching. A manor court is held before a seneschal
appointed by the Marquis of Londonderry, every third
Saturday, for the recovery of debts not exceeding £10 ;
and a court leet annually, at which various officers are
appointed for the manor, and also a constable for the
borough, whose sole duty it is to assist in preserving the
peace. The general-sessions for the county are held
here, in June and December, before the assistant b::rris-
ter for the division of Downpatrick ; petty-sessions are
held on the first and third Saturdays in every month,
and a constabulary police force is stationed in the town.
The church, built by Sir Hugh Montgomery, has been
converted into a court-house, recently fitted up by the
Marquis of Londonderry, and in which the sessions are
held. The town-hall, for the transaction of the town busi-
ness, is a handsome structure in the Grecian-Doric style,
erected in 1*70 by the first Marquis of Londonderry:
it is surmounted by a cupola containing a clock, beneath
which is the entrance into an area leading through the
centre, on one side.^f which is the flesh-market, and on
the other a weigh-house and other requisite offices and
stores ; above is an elegant suite of assembly-rooms,
with other apartments, in which the members of the
Down hunt hold meetings. A stone cross of octagonal
form, decorated with canopied niches, was built by the
late corporation in the centre of the town, to replace the
ancient cross destroyed by the insurgents in 1^41.
39-
The PARISH comprises 14,803 statute acres: the land
is of good quality, and the system of agriculture highly
improved ; there is no waste land, but about 700 acres
of valuable bog, from which the neighbourhood is sup-
plied with fuel. In the mountain of Scrabo are two
quarries of excellent freestone, equal in appearance and
superior in durability to that of Portland, besides fiv<;
others of inferior quality ; large quantities are raised for
the supply of the adjacent districts, and several cargoes
have been shipped to America. Some extensive lead-
mines are held under lease from the Marquess of Lon-
donderry by a company in the Isle of Man : the ore is
rich, but the mines are very indifferently worked ; the
water being imperfectly carried off by a level, the les-
sees have sunk a new shaft, and erected a steam-engine
to raise the ore and to drain the mine. The ore is shipped
at Bangor and sent to Flint, where it is smelted. Under
Scrabo are three thin veins of coal, which show them-
selves in the lough ; but they are at a great depth be-
neath the surface, and no attempt to work them has yet
been made. Regent House, an elegant mansion in the
Grecian style, recently erected by its proprietor, is built
of polished Scrabo stone, and situated in tastefully dis-
posed grounds, commanding a fine view of Lough
Strangford and the adjacent country.
The LIVING is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of
Down, and in the patronage of the Marquess of Lon-
donderry, in whom the rectorial tithe rent-charge is im-
propriate, with the exception of that part for the town-
land of Ballyskeagh, which is appropriate to the see of
Down. The stipend of the curate is £64. 12., of which
£40. 12. are payable by the impropriator, and £24 from
Primate Boulter's fund ; he has also the glebe, which
comprises 28| statute acres, valued at £40 per annum ;
and the glebe-house, a good residence, situated in the
town, and built at an expense of £700, of which £41.5
were a gift and £46 a loan from the late Board of First
Fruits. The church, a handsome cruciform edifice, was
built in 1817, at an expense of £5446, of which £831
were a gift and £3692 a loan from the same Board ;
the remainder, £923, was a donation from the late
Marquess of Londonderry. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
also the parishes of Dundonald, Bangor, and Donagha-
dee ; the chapel is a small plain building. There
is a place of worship for a Presbyterian congre-
gation in connexion with the Presbytery of Antrim,
and three for those in connexion with the General As-
sembly, one of which, recently erected in Regent-street,
has a handsome hewn-stone front of the Doric order ;
there is also a place of worship for Covenanters, and two
for Methodists. Of the public schools, one on Erasmus
Smith's foundation, a spacious house with residences for
a master and mistress, was built at an expense of £1000,
defrayed jointly by the Marquess of Londonderry and
the trustees of that charity ; and for another, a house
was lately erected by Francis Turnley, Esq., under the
will of his late father, with a house each for a master
and mistress. The union workhouse, on a site of S^
acres purchased f>>r £830, was completed in 1841 at a
cost of £7100, and is constructed to contain 600 in-
mates. In the bog at Loughriescouse was found, in
1824, at 23 feet below the surface, the body of a High-
lander in a good state of preservation ; parts of his dress
were perfect, but the body crumbled into dust on ex-
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posure to the air. The head and horns of a moose-deer
were, in 1832, dug up on the townland of Ballymagree-
chan, and are deposited in the museum at Glasgow.
The cemetery of the abbey of Moville is used for a paro-
chial burial-ground ; and near the old church, now the
court-house, are the ruins of a private chapel, built by
Sir Robert Colville. In that church were interred the
remains of the earls and others of the family of Mount-
Alexander ; of several of the Colville family ; of the first
Marquess of Londonderry ; and of his father.
NEWTOWN-BARRY, or St. Marys, a market and
post town, and a parish, in the union of Enniscorthy,
barony of Scarawalsh, county of Wexford, and
province of Leinster, 22 miles (N. W.) from Wexford,
and 50 (S.) from Dublin ; containing 3723 inhabitants,
of whom 1437 are in the town. This town owes its
origin and name to its founder, James Barry, Esq., who
was sheriff of Dublin in 1577, and progenitor of the
barons of Santry ; it came into the possession of John
Maxwell, Esq., afterwards created Lord Farnham, by
marriage in 1*19 with the daughter and heiress of
James Barry, Esq., and is now the property of the
present lord. In the disturbances of 179S this place
was attacked, on the 1st of June, by the insurgents,
who obtained possession of it for a short time, but
were soon driven out by the troops of the line and
yeomanry.
The Tow.N, formerly called Bunclody, from its situa-
tion at the confluence of the rivers Clody and Slaney, is
on the confines of the counties of Carlow and We.xford,
which are here bounded by those rivers. It was origi-
nally built in the form of an irregular square, but has
since been extended in various directions, and in 1841
contained 257 houses, most of which are well built ; the
whole has a cheerful and thriving appearance. The
western suburb extends into the parish of Barragh, in
the county of Carlow, with which it is connected by a
bridge over the river Clody ; and the town, generally,
occupies a sequestered and beautifully romantic site
on the banks of the Slaney, over which is a stone
bridge of seven arches, and at the base of a chain of
mountains stretching along the borders of Carlow and
Wexford. The environs are embellished with several
elegant seats embosomed in thriving plantations, which
acquire, from their proximity to the water, a freshness
of verdure finely contrasting with the dark foliage of
the surrounding woods. Adjoining the town, though
in the parish of Kilrush, are barracks for the mili-
tary, of whom a detachment is generally stationed here.
In the excise arrangements the town is within the dis-
trict of Wexford. The market, chiefly for provisions, is
on Saturday, and is one of the best-attended in the
south of Ireland, there being no other within ten miles
of it; fairs chiefly for cattle are held on Jan. 4th, April
29th, and the 17th and 18th of June, and for coarse
linen and flannel on Aug. 20th, Sept. 14th, and the 4th
and 30th of November. A constabulary police force
and a detachment of the revenue police are stationed
here ; and petty-sessions, which, previously to 1831, were
weekly, are now held on alternate Saturdays.
The PARISH comprises about 8284 statute acres of
land, chiefly under tillage ; the system of agriculture is
improved, and green crops for winter feeding have been
partially introduced ; the only waste land is mountain
on which is a bog that supplies the inhabitants with
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fuel. On the banks of the Slaney is found pebble-
limestone, which is burnt for manure by the proprietors
of the adjacent lands ; and a marl-pit has been dis-
covered on the estate of Rylands, which is the only
one in the neighbourhood. Limestone and culm for the
whole of this district are brought, at a very great ex-
pense, from the county of Carlow, between which and
Enniscorthy a communication might easily be made by a
railroad along the bank of the river Slaney, which from
Enniscorthy to this place preserves a continued level,
eminently adapted to the purpose. The expense would
be very inconsiderable, when compared with the advan-
tages resulting from it to so wide a district, and might
be defrayed by the freight of limestone and culm alone,
independently of the remuneration that might arise from
the facility of conveyance it would afford for the pro-
duce of the extensive quarries in the neighbourhood.
Slate of excellent quality, building-stone, and granite
abound in the immediate vicinity. The principal slate-
quarries are at Drumcree and Glaslacken, the former
the property of Lord Farnham, now under lease to
Captain Browne, and the latter the property of A. Col-
clough, Esq. : these quarries formerly were very ex-
tensively worked, and the slate in great estimation ;
but since the introduction of Welsh slate, the demand
has considerably diminished. The granite is found
in loose masses on the declivities of both banks of the
river Clody, and some of the best quality is found in
the deer-park of Carrigduff, adjoining the W^oodfield
demesne ; the quarries of building- stone are very ex-
tensively worked. Coal is supposed to exist in the
townland of Ryland, the property of Lord Farnham ;
but it has not yet been sought for. In the town is a
mansion, the residence of the late Lord Farnham before
he succeeded to the title; the gardens are laid out with
great taste, and stocked with many varieties of choice
plants. In the vicinity, but principally in the parish of
Kilrush, is Woodfield, the seat of Lord Farnham, a
handsome mansion beautifully situated in a richly
wooded demesne extending into the parishes of Barragh
and Clonegal ; the grounds are tastefully disposed, and
embellished with verdant lawns sloping to the margin
of the river. The other seats are Weston Cottage and
Rylandville. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in
agriculture, and in the stone and slate quarries ; and
near the town is an extensive flour- mill.
Tiie LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Ferns, separated from the parish of Templeshanbo
by act of council, in 1776, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £276. 18. 6. The
glebe-house, towards the erection of which the late
Board of First Fruits contributed a gift of £100, is a
handsome residence, built in 1808 at a cost exceeding
£1200; the glebe comprises 13 acres. The church is a
neat structure with a square tower surmounted by a
spire, and, rising above the foliage of the grove in
which it is situated, forms an interesting and con-
spicuous feature in the distant view of the town : it was
built in 1775, and subsequently enlarged by parochial
cess and by subscription ; and the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners lately granted £548 for its repair. The
churchyard is kept in neat order, and the graves are
annually decked with flowers. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district formerly
called M'arshalstown, comprising also part of the pa-
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rishes of Monart and Tern pleshanbo, and small portions
of St. Mary's Enniscorthy and Kilrush. The chapel,
recently erected near the north-eastern suburb, but
within the parish of Kilrush, is a handsome edifice with
a lofty pinnacled tower the lower stage of which forms
a hall to the residence of the priest. A Roman Catho-
lic chapel of ease has been built in the village of Kil-
mashall, and the old chapel converted partly into a
residence for the curate, and partly into a school in
connexion with the Board of Education ; there are
chapels also at Marshalstown and Castle-Dockrell. Of
the public schools, one is on Erasmus Smith's founda-
tion ; the master has a salary of £30, with a house and
garden : the school-house was enlarged in 1H14, by the
trustees and the late Lady Farnhani, who also presented
to it a lending library of 200 volumes, for the use of
the parish. A dispensary is open three days in the
week for the relief of the poor, who, if unable to attend,
are visited at their own dwellings ; a fever hospital,
built by subscription about twenty years since, contains
beds for 1'2, and is capable of receiving "20, patients :
the medical officer is paid £120 per annum for attending
the dispensary, and £'20 for visiting the hospital. Near
Clohamou bridge are some slight remains of a castle,
now rapidly disappearing ; the principal gateway retains
the grooves for the portcullis, and the fosse by which it
was surrounded is still remaining. In the wood ad-
joining the town is a very strong chalybeate spring,
now grown into disuse ; and at Kilniashall are the
ruins of an ancient church, near which is a holy well,
formerly held in great veneration and much resorted to
by pilgrims.
NEWTOWNBREDA, a. village, in the parish of
Knockbred.\, union of Belfast, barony of Upper
Castlereagh, county of Down, and province of
Ulster, '2 miles (S.) from Belfast, on the road to
Saintfield; containing 3S4 inhabitants. It is pleasantly
situated on an eminence near the river Lagan, and im-
mediately adjoining Belvoir Park, the seat of Sir R.
Bateson, Bart. ; it consists chiefly of small detached
white-washed cottages, with gardens in the rear, which
give the village an e.Ktremely interesting appearance,
and indicate a quiet and comfortable tenantry. Here is
a station of the constabulary police ; and petty-sessions
are held on alternate Saturdays. In the village is the
parochial church, a small but elegant edifice in the Gre-
cian style, erected in 17^7, from a design of Sir Chris-
topher Wren's, under the direction of Mr. Cassels,
by the Viscountess Dowager Midleton. The burial-
ground, which is the cemetery of several respectable
families, contains some very handsome monuments, and
commands a fine view of the surrounding country.
NEWTOWN-BUTLER, a town or village, in the
parish of Galloon, union of Clones, barony of
CooLE, county of Fermanagh, and province of Ul-
ster, 4^ nides (W. by S.) from Clones, ou the road to
Enniskillen ; containing .541 inhabitants. In 1641, the
Enniskilleners defeated the army commanded by Mac
Carthy-more, about one mile north of the town, in re-
treating through which the latter set fire to the church,
and burned it to the ground, together with several inha-
bitants who had sought refuge there ; they were after-
wards totally defeated at Kilgarret Hill, half a mile to
the south, aud their leader made prisoner. The village
consists of two streets, and in 1841 contained 96
399
houses ; it has a receiving-house for letters in connexion
with Clones and Lisnaskca. There is a market on Fri-
day ; fairs for yarn and butter are held on the second
Friday in each month, and on May 12th is a large fair
for cattle. General-sessions arc held four times in the
year, and petty-sessions on alternate Wednesdays, in
the court-house, to which a bridewell is attached. A
constabulary police force is stationed in the town. Here
are the parochial church, and a large Roman Catholic
chapel ; also a handsome meeting-house recently erected
for the Primitive Wesleyan Methodists, one-half the
expense of which was defrayed by J. Butler Danvers,
Esq. The old meeting-house has been converted into a
school. This place gives the inferior title of Baron to
the family of Butler, earls of Lanesborough, and was
once the seat of that family, of whose mansion no ves-
tige can now be traced.
NEWTOWN-CLONBUN, or Newtown-Trim, a
parish, in the poor-law union of Trim, barony of Upper
Navan, county of Meath, and province of Leinster,
adjacent to Trim ; containing 298 inhabitants. The
parish, which is also called St. Mary's Newtown, is
situated on the river Boyne, aud comprises .566 statute
acres of laud, chiefly arable, and entirely the property
of Sir William Dillon, of LismuUen, Bart. It is a rec-
tory, in the diocese of Meath, forming part of the union
of Trim : the tithes, amounting to a rent-charge of
£34. 12., were purchased from the Ashe family by the
late Board of First Fruits, as an augmentation to the
vicarage of Trim. In the Roman Catholic divisions,
also, the parish is included in the district of Trim.
Within the limits of the parish are some interesting
remains of religious houses, described in the article on
Trim. '
NEWTOWN-CONYNGHAM, a village, in the pa-
rish of All Saints, union of Londonderry, barony of
Raphoe, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster,
65 miles (W.) from Londonderry, on the road to Letter-
kenny ; containing 186 inhabitants. It consists of a
few scattered houses, situated near Lough Swilly, and
has a receiving-house for letters under Londonderry ;
a station of the constabulary police ; a fair on the 29th
of October ; and a chapel belonging to the Roman Ca-
tholic district of Lagan.
NEWTOWN-CROMMELIN, a parish, in the union
of Ballymena, barony of Kilconway, county of An-
trim, and province of Ulster, 8 miles (N.) from Bally-
mena ; containing 799 inhabitants. The parish comprises
3445i statute acres ; the land in general is of an infe-
rior description, nearly two-thirds consisting of mountain
and bog. Considerable inroads, however, have been
made upon the mountain laud ; and many of the farms
of the lower elevations are in a high state of cultivation,
and produce very good crops of oats and potatoes.
There are immense strata of iron-ore, yielding from 26
to 30 per cent, of metal ; but the experiments to work
the mines, hitherto made, have not been successful,
owing to the inadequacy of the machinery, and the in-
experience of the persons engaged in the works. The
village of Newtown-Crommclin is situated to the left of
the road from Ballymena to Cushendall : it is neatly
built, and, viewed from the road, has a pleasing appear-
ance ; the houses are of two stories, are kept whitened
by the landlord, N. D. Crommelin, Esq., and, being on
the mountain side, are seen from a great distance. It
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is a police station ; and fairs are held on the 5th Feb.,
nth May, 9th Aug., and ,5th November.
The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of
Connor, and in the gift of the Rector of Dunaghy : the
tithe rent-charge is £22. 10., augmented by £66 from
Primate Boulter's fund ; the total income, inclusive of
8 statute acres of glebe, is £95. 10. The glebe-house,
at a distance of three-quarters of a mile from the church,
was built in 1S31, at a cost of £500, of which £450
were a gift and £50 a loan from the Board of First
Fruits. The church was built about the same period,
by a gift of £800 from the Board ; it is a neat edifice,
capable of accommodating 300 persons : the tower is
still in an unfinished state. Montallo House, half a
mile from the village, once a respectable edifice, is falling
to decay : it was built and occupied by a Mr. Gamble,
who took part with the government against the in-
surgents in 1798, and fell at the battle of Antrim ; it
has not been since inhabited.
NEWTOWN-DROGHEDA, a village, in the parish
of TuLLYALLEN, Union of Drogheda, barony of Fer-
RARD, county of Louth, and province of Leinster, 2
miles (N. E.) from Drogheda, near the road to Termon-
fechan ; containing about 24 houses and 126 inhabit-
ants. It was formerly a chapelry belonging to the
abbey of Mellifont, but is not now noticed in the eccle-
siastical divisions : it is in a detached portion of the
parish, near the river Boyue, and separated from the
main body by the ancient county of the town of
Drogheda. Here is one of the three Roman Catholic
chapels belonging to the district of TuUyalleu ; and in
the demesne of Newtown, immediately adjoining the
village, are some vestiges of the ancient church. New-
town House is a handsome residence ; and Green Hills
is in the vicinity.
NEWTOWN-FARTULLAGH, county Westmeath.
— See Newtown.
NEWTOWN-FORBES, a post-town or village, in
the parish of Clongesh, union, barony, and county of
Longford, and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (N. W.)
from Longford, and 61 (W. N. W.) from Dublin, on the
road from Longford to Carrick-on- Shannon ; containing
47s inhabitants. It derives its name from the family
of the Earl of Granard, whose seat, Castle Forbes, is
situated here. The estate was granted by James I., in
]6l9, to Sir Arthur Forbes, an ancestor of that noble-
man, and was created a manor, with the privileges of a
market and fair. The proprietor built a strong man-
sion here, which, in 1641, sustained a severe siege by
500 insurgents, and was defended by Sir Arthur's
widow, aided by her tenantry, to the last extremity.
The village, which is pleasingly situated, comprises S7
houses, and contains the parochial church, the Roman
Catholic chapel, and a meeting-house for Wesleyan
Methodists. It is a station of the constabulary police;
and petty-sessions are held on alternate Tuesdays. The
market and fairs have been long discontinued.
NEWTOWN-GIRLEY, a village, in the parish of
GiRLEV, union of Kells, barony of Upper Kells,
county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 2 miles
(N.) from Athboy ; containing about 23 houses and 105
inhabitants.
NEWTOWN-GORE, a village, in the parish and
barony of Carrigallen, union of Moh ill, county of
Leitrim, and province of CoNNAUGHT, 5 miles (S. E.)
400
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from Ballinamona, on the road to Killeshandra ; con-
taining 35 houses, and 1 87 inhabitants. Here is a small
meeting-house for Wesleyan Methodists, in which a
school is held. Garadice Lake and several others are
situated in the vicinity. There are some vestiges of the
ancient abbey of Moy, and close to the village is a
large Druidical altar. About 2^ miles to the south are
the ruins of the castle of Longfield, which, from the
gable that still remains, appears to have been of strong
but rude masonry : it was taken possession of by Major
Martin Armstrong, after the battle of Cavan.
NEWTOWN-HAMILTON, a post-town and parish,
in the union of Castle-Blayney, barony of Upper
Fews, county of Armagh, and province of Ulster, 9
miles (S. E.) from Armagh, and 52^ (N. by W.) from
Dublin ; containing 7538 Inhabitants, of whom 1231
are in the town. This place, which is situated on the
roads leading respectively from Dundalk to Armagh,
and from Newry to Castle-Blayney and Monaghan, in
the midst of the Fews mountains, owes its origin and
importance to Mr. Hamilton, who laid the foundation
of the present town about the year 1770, previously to
which time, the whole district was a dreary, wild, and
uninhabited waste. About the beginning of the same
century, an attempt had been made to establish a town
at Blackbank, and a castle had been erected for the
protection of the new settlers ; but the undertaking
failed, and soon after an attempt was made for the same
purpose at Johnston-Fews, which resulted only in the
erection of a few mud cabins. Upon the failure of
both enterprises, government erected barracks at those
places, and troops were regularly stationed there till
the establishment of the present town, when they
were removed to this place ; the ruins of the castle
and barracks of Blackbank, and also of those of John-
ston, within a few miles of the town, are still remaining.
The whole face of this extensive district was completely
changed after the establishment of the town : the lands
were rapidly brought into cultivation; several roads
were opened, and great numbers of persons were in-
duced to settle here under the advantageous leases
granted by Mr. Hamilton. The town gradually in-
creased in extent and importance, and the surrounding
district was erected into a parish by Primate Robinson,
who severed it from the parish of Creggan, built a
church, and endowed the living.
The present town contained in 1841, 290 houses,
many of which are large, well built of hesvn stone, and
roofed with slate found in the parish ; it has a sub-
post office to Castle-Blayney and Newry. There is a
large market every Saturday for provisions ; and fairs
are held on the last Saturday in every month for cattle,
horses, pigs, and butter, and are numerously attended.
A constabulary police force is stationed here ; also a
body of the revenue police, since the establishment of
which, the dep6t for two companies of the regiments
stationed at Armagh, which were quartered in this town,
has been broken up, and the military withdrawn. Petty-
sessions are held on the last W^ednesday in each month ;
there is an excellent court-house, in which the quarter-
sessions for the county were held till 1826, and sessions
are now held by the assistant barrister, once a year, in
June. Here is also a bridewell. Near the town were
formerly mills for smelting lead-ore, which continued in
operation so long as wood lasted for fuel.
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The parish comprises r2,404i statute acres. The
land in some parts is very good, but better adapted for
oats than for wheat ; the soil is light and friable, and
the system of agriculture improving. Here is abun-
dance of bog for fuel : stone of good quality for building
is extensively quarried ; there are some quarries of ex-
cellent slate, not now worked ; and in the mountain
district is lead-ore of rich quality, which might be
worked with advantage. There are many good houses
in the parish, the principal of which is Harrymount.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Armagh, and in the patronage of the Lord Primate :
the tithe rent-charge is £403. 9- The glebe-house,
towards the erection of which the Board of First Fruits
contributed £100, is a handsome residence ; it was built
under the old acts in 1H06, at the cost of £592 British,
defrayed by the above grant and by £.500 supplied by
the then incumbent : in 1830 the sum of £316 was ex-
pended on improvements. The glebe comprises 31 acres
of arable land, valued at £38. 15. per annum. The
church, for the repair of which the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners recently granted £106, is a plain edifice,
erected by Primate Robinson, in 17*5, out of funds
provided by the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of
Lower Creggan : the chapel, in the town, is a spacious
and handsome edifice. There are places of worship for
Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly.
A school in the town is supported from the funds of
Erasmus Smith, under the patronage of the Primate.
There are some remains of an extensive encampment at
Clogh-a-mether, said to have been the chief residence of
O'Nial of Ulster, between whom and Baldragh, Prince
of Louth, a battle is said to have taken place near the
town. In this fort, which is nearly two miles in circuit,
the army of Cromwell encamped in the winter of 1645,
and was severely harassed by the Irish forces, who
hemmed them in on every side, and, cutting off their
supplies, reduced them to such distress that many pe-
rished through hunger.
NEWTOWN-LENNAN, a parish, partly in the
barony of Slievardagh, and partly in that of Iffa and
Offa East, union of CARRicK-on-SuiR, county of
TippERARY, and province of Munster, '21 miles (N.)
from Carrick-on-Suir, on the high road to Kilkenny ;
containing 1806 inhabitants. This parish is bounded
on the east by the river Lennan, by which it is sepa-
rated from the county of Kilkenny ; and the river Suir
flows within a mile of its south-eastern boundary: it
comprises 5774 statute acres of good land, of which
more than two-thirds are under tillage, and the remain-
der in pasture. The system of agriculture is improving ;
there is neither waste land nor bog. That portion which
is within the barony of Shevardagh is separated from
the other by a chain of hills running east and west and
cultivated nearly to their summits, which are planted
with trees. Limestone of the finest quality is found in
great abundance, and is burnt for the supply of the
country for many miles round : in the north-eastern
part of the parish are extensive slate-quarries, in active
operation ; the refuse, together with that of the lime-
stone, is used in making and repairing the roads.
There are strong indications of coal, and a few years
since attempts were made to procure it ; but the works
were impeded by water breaking into the shafts, and
Vol. II. — 101
were afterwards discontinued on the death of the pro-
prietor, Edmond Power, Esq. Cregg is a handsome
residence, erected about '20 years since, and situated in
tastefully disposed grounds. The living is a rectory, in
the diocese of Lismore, forming part of the union of
Cloncgam ; the tithe rent-charge is £331. '2. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
union of Carrick-on-Suir : the chapel is a neat edifice
in good repair. There are ruins of the churches of
Newtown-Lennan and Ahenny, to each of which a large
cemetery is attached ; in the latter are two stone crosses,
with inscriptions in the Erse character.
NEWTOW^N-LIMAVADY, a market and post town
(formerly a parliamentary borough), and the head of a
union, in the parish of Drumachose, barony of Ke-
NAUGHT, county of Londonderry, and province of
Ulster, 12|- miles (E. N. E.) from the city of London-
derry, and 131 (N. byW.) from Dublin, on the road
from Londonderry to Coleraine ; containing 3101 inha-
bitants. The district in which the town stands was
anciently the territory of the O'Cahans or O'Canes, the
head of a powerful and warlike sept, whose castle on
the brow of a romantic glen was called Lemaraddij, or
" the Dog's Leap." The estimation in which these
chieftains were formerly held, ajipcars from the fact that
Dermod O'Cahan was summoned by Edward II. to
attend him with his forces on his disastrous expedition
against Scotland : he went, but, instead of joining the
army of the invader, was found in the ranks of the
Scottish king at the battle of Bannockburn. After the
general forfeiture of Ulster, in 1608, arising out of the
attainder of the earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel, Sir
Thomas Philips, surveyor of the forfeited estates, ob-
tained a grant of 1000 acres in this district, where he
erected a castle and a bawn upon the eastern bank of
the Roe, on a spot near the site on which a town named
Ballyclose, now a suburb of Newtown-Limavady, pre-
viously existed. The town took its name Newtown
from the circumstance of its modern erection ; and, to
distinguish it from several others, acquired the adjunct
of Limavady from its contiguity to O'Cahan's castle.
It increased rapidly under the fostering care of its
founder, who, in 1610, brought hither 25 English fami-
lies ; and in 1613 the town obtained a charter, which is
stated to have been granted on the petition of the inha-
bitants, and for the better plantation of Ulster. By this
charter, the inhabitants were incorporated under the
name of "the Provost, 12 Burgesses, and Commonalty,"'
and a court of record was created, of which the provost
was to be judge ; he was also to be clerk-of-the-market,
and collector of the tolls and customs, which he retained
for his own use. It likewise conferred a licence for
holding a market on Monday, and a fair on July 1st (to
which three others were added a few years afterwards) ;
granted 300 acres of land for a common, and 375 for
the maintenance of a free school to be erected at Lima-
vady ; and the right of sending two members to par-
liament. A discretionary power of electing freemen
was given to the provost and burgesses by the same
charter.
In the war of 1641, the castle was besieged by the
Irish army under O'Nial ; but the garrison, under Cap-
tain Philips, the governor, supported by many of the
townspeople, among whom were some women, held out
during the entire winter, until relieved by the approach
3 F
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of the parliamentary forces commanded by Colonel
Mervyn, who routed the besieging army with much
slaughter. The castle, however, was subsequently taken
by the Irish, and burnt, together with the church and
the entire town. A new town sprang up from the ruins,
which suffered a similar fate in the war of 16S8, being
burned by the army of James II. on its retreat from
Derry ; the place was again rebuilt after the Revolution,
and some of the houses then erected are still standing.
The borough was disfranchised at the Union, from which
period the corporation declined, the only official proof
of its existence being the collection of the tolls and cus-
toms, which was eventually relinquished in consequence
of the resistance given to the payment of them : on the
death of the provost some years since, no successor was
appointed, and the corporation may now be considered
e.xtinct. The land granted for commonage seems to
have merged in the general estate on its sale by the
Philips family, in the reign of Charles II. The school
mentioned in the charter was never founded, nor can
any particulars be procured relative to the land set
apart for its endowment. The borough and manor
courts are discontinued, and the place is now, like the
rest of the county, governed by the magistrates and the
police.
In point of size, the town is the third in the county,
and the first in the barony. It consists of 61 '2 houses,
and comprises four principal and several smaller streets;
three of the streets are large and well built. There is a
handsome sessions-house, where the general-sessions for
the county are held in June and December, and petty-
sessions on alternate Tuesdays ; adjoining it is a small
bridewell. The town is a constabulary police station,
provided with a good barrack in one of the main streets.
The market-house is a large, old, inconvenient building,
over an arch which connects two of the principal tho-
roughfares. Large and commodious grain-stores and
shambles were erected in 1820, by Edward Boyle, Esq.,
who also established grain-markets on Tuesday and
Friday, which are well attended and productive of much
advantage to the town and neighbourhood : connected
with these buildings is a news-room, well supplied with
journals and periodicals. In 183.5, a second grain-
market was established, with stores, by Mr. Winter ;
and there is now, also, a very considerable market for
pork. The Monday market is for cattle, butter, and
flax : the potato-market is held in an adjoining street.
The fairs are held on the second Mondav in February,
March <28th, June 13th, July l^th, and Oct. 29th; they
are all well attended, and largely supplied with cattle of
every description : that of February is also a great
horse-fair. Distillation is carried on in the neighbour-
hood. Branches of the Belfast and the Northern Banks
have been established, and a branch of the Londonderry
and Coleraine railway has just been ^formed to the
place.
A dispensary is maintained in the usual manner.
Tlie church, which is the parochial church of Druma-
chose, is a large and handsome edifice, built in 1*50 on
the site of a former one, and enlarged in 1825 by the
addition of an aisle, by a loan of £200 from the late
Board of First Fruits : it now consists of a nave and a
north aisle, in the Grecian style. In the suburb of
Ballyclose are meeting-houses for Presbyterians in con-
nexion with the General Assembly, and with the Re-
402
NEWT
monstrant Synod : near the church is a meeting-house
of the Wesleyan Methodists ; and a new Presbyterian
meeting-house has been recently erected ; also a new
Roman Catholic chapel, the old one at Roe mills having
been taken down. The union workhouse, on a site of
seven acres purchased for £708. 15., was completed in
1841 at a cost of £5982, and is constructed to contain
500 inmates. Of the castle built by Sir Thomas Philips
nothing now remains : the site is pointed out as being
in the grounds and gardens of the Lodge, at the north-
western extremity of the main street. The environs of
the town are extremely beautiful : to the north-west is
the rich vale of Myroe, extending to the shores of
Lough Foyle ; to the east and north-east, the lofty
range of Benyevenagh ; and to the south, the summits
of Donald's Hill and Benbradagh, beneath which is
spread out the vale of the Roe, with its numerous villas,
mills, and bleach-greens, and the rich foliage of the
oak-woods and the plantations of Roe Park.
NEWTOWN-MOUNT-BELLEW, county of Gal-
way. — See MoYLOUGH.
NEWTOWN-MOUNT-KENNEDY, a market and
post town, in the parish and barony of Newcastle,
union and county of Wicklow, and province of Lein-
STER, 7 miles (N.) from Wicklow, and 17 (S. byE.) from
Dublin ; containing 823 inhabitants. The town is situ-
ated on the mail-coach road from Dublin to Wexford,
and owes its origin and its name to Richard Kennedy,
who was knighted in the reign of Charles II. and ob-
tained a grant of the manor. In the disturbances of
1798 it was the scene of a sharp skirmish between the
insurgents and the king's forces. The former, to the
number of about 1000, variously armed, commenced an
attack on the town, early in the morning of the 30th of
May, by burning some houses ; but on advancing to
the market-house, they were opposed by the little gar-
rison, consisting of a detachment of the Ancient Britons
cavalry, another of the Antrim militia, and some yeomanry
cavalry, in all 100. In the first onset, the commander
of the Ancient Britons was killed, and the captain and
lieutenant of the yeomanry severely wounded ; but after
some loss on both sides the insurgents were totally
routed.
The TOWN is pleasantly situated on a declivity towards
the east, in the centre of some of the most beautiful
scenery in the county. It consists of one wide street,
with a small market-house in the centre, which, having
been disused as such for a long time, is now called the
court-house ; and contains 123 houses irregularly built,
some slated, but the greater number low and thatched.
In the excise arrangements the town is within the dis-
trict of Naas. The market, lately revived, is on Friday;
fairs are held on Feb. 2nd, April 5th, June 29th, Aug.
15th, Oct. 29th, and Dec. 21st. Petty-sessions are held
on alternate Saturdays, and road-sessions every quarter.
The town is also a constabulary police station ; and
there are a fever hospital and a dispensary, supported
in the usual manner. On an eminence near the northern
entrance of the town, a handsome church was built in
1835, as a chapel of ease to Newcastle, on a site given
by Robert Gun Cunningham, Esq., the lord of the
manor, who also contributed £100 towards its construc-
tion : it is in the later English style. The town has an
excellent inn, well supplied with carriages of various
descriptions.
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N E W T
In the neighbourhood are some of the most beautiful
and romantic places in the county, such as the Glen of
the Downs, and Belvicw, described under Dclgany ;
Woodstock, under Newcastle ; and Dunran, Kiltimon,
and the Devil's Glen, under Killeskey. In the imme-
diate vicinity, also, are several fine mansions and elegant
villas. Mount-Kennedy, formerly the residence of Sir
Richard Kennedy, was purchased from his descendant
by the late General Cunningham, who was afterwards
raised to the peerage by the title of Baron Rossmorc,
and who expended upwards of £60,000 in plantations
and other improvements. The house is a noble struc-
ture of the louic order, built after a design by Wyatt :
from the portico on the western side is a fine prospect
of highly ornamented grounds, closed in by the moun-
tains in the distance j and from the eastern front,
another prospect equally rich in scenery and more ex-
tensive in scope, terminated by the sea. On the lawn
grew an arbutus of extraordinary dimensions, which
being shattered by a storm, the arms, having been laid
down and taken root, serve by the extent of ground
they spread over to convey an idea of the great size of
the parent trunk ; the demesne contains some very fine
specimens of the sweet-chesnut, oak, and ash, in the
highest degree of vigour. In the hall are the fossil
horns of a moose- deer, found with several others at
Kiltimon. Altidore is a large plain building, but the
grounds are peculiarly picturesque : in a wooded glen
near the house is a succession of cascades of great
height, over which the late proprietor, Mr. Blachford,
threw alpine bridges ; he also constructed seats, and
laid out a series of walks calculated to display its beau-
ties to the utmost advantage. The glen, called the
Hermitage, formerly contained the mansion of Colonel
Carey. Glendarragh is seated on an eminence over-
hanging a richly wooded glen ; and among other man-
sions are East Hill, Monaline, Hermitage, Ballinahinch,
Truddar House, Newtown, and Warble Bank, all worthy
of notice.
NEWTOW^N-PLATTEN, a village, in the parish of
DuLEEK, union of Drogheda, barony of Lower Du-
LEEK, county of Meath, and province of Leinster,
I5 mile (S. W.) from Drogheda, on the road to Navan ;
containing about '21 houses and II6 inhabitants.
NEWTOWN -SANDES, a village, in the parish of
MuRHiR, union of Listowel, barony of Iraghticon-
NOR, county of Kerry, and province of Minster,
4 miles (S.) from Tarbert, and on the road from Lis-
towel to Glin ; containing 59 houses, and 314 inhabit-
ants. It gives name to the Roman Catholic district
comprising the parishes of Murhir and Knockanure,
each containing a chapel : that of Murhir, situated in
the village, is a large edifice. Near the village is a
school-house, erected at the expense of the Rev. J.
Long, P.P., and presented by him to the National Board
of Education.
NEWTOWN-SAYILLE, an ecclesiastical district,
in the union and barony of Clogher, county of Ty-
rone, and province of Ulster, 4^ miles (N.) from
Clogher, near the new road from Dubhn to Omagh ;
the population is returned with Clogher. The lands
were part of those granted by James I. in 16 10 to Sir
W'. Cope and then called Derrybard ; in 1619, a bawn
was built thereon. The district comprises 13,768^ sta-
tute acres, and was formed in 1820, by disuniting 29
403
townlands from the parish of Clogher, in the manors of
Cecil and Cope ; at which time the district was an entire
waste of uninclosed and uncultivated common, since
reclaimed by the proprietor. The land varies in quality,
some being light, some indifferent, and some good, but
there is none of the best description ; a small portion is
mountain : yet, in consequence of judicious management,
where nothing but bog and heath was to he found 30
years since, crops of corn, flax, and potatoes, and the
richest verdure, are now general. The inhabitants com-
bine spinning and weaving with agricultural pursuits.
There are indications of coal, and pure specimens of
carbonate of lead have been discovered ; excellent free-
stone is found in several parts. Numerous escars run
entirely through the district, curiously undulating, and
rising into gentle swells consisting of sand and water-
worn pebbles, principally of trap, greenstone, hornblende,
quartz, porphyry, and agate. The village is small, com-
prising only 17 poorly built houses : fairs were formerly
held, but have been discontinued owing to the numerous
quarrels to which they led. The principal seats are
Cecil and Raveagh.
The living is a perpetual cure, in the diocese of Clo-
gher, and in the patronage of the Dean, who appropriates
£60 per annum towards the income of the curate. The
glebe-house, surrounded by fine plantations, was erected
in 1824, by aid of a gift of £450, and a loan of £50,
from the Board of First Fruits : the glebe comprises 15
acres, valued at £15 per annum. The church was built
in 1815, at an expense of £895, of which the same Board
gave £738, and the proprietor of the estate the resi-
due : it is a neat edifice in the Gothic style, with a
lofty square tower. At Escrahoole is a Roman Catholic
chapel, and there is a meeting-house for Presbyterians
at Longridge. A school-house at Beltony, with a resi-
dence for the master and mistress, was built partly by
the Rev. F. Gervais and partly by the trustce^s of Eras-
mus Smith's charity ; the school is endowed with two
acres of land by the Rev. F. Gervais. At Escrahoole
school-house, divine service is every Sunday evening per-
formed by the curate, as it is 3i miles from the church ;
and a new school-house, to be fitted up as a church, is
now in course of erection.
NEWTOWN-STEWART, a market and post town,
in the parish of Ardstraw, union and barony of Stra-
BANE, county of Tyrone, and province of Ulster, 'i
miles (N. W.) from Omagh, and 99i (N. N. W.) from
Dublin, on the road to Londonderry ; containing 1405
inhabitants. This town, which is beautifully situated
on the western bank of the river Mourne, about halfway
between Omagh and Strabane, and surrounded by the
lofty mountains of Munterloney, was anciently called
Lislas, and appears to have been a place of early im-
portance, commanding the only pass through this exten-
sive mountainous district. The adjacent lands were
granted by James I., on the settlement of LHster, to Sir
J. Clapham, who not having complied with the condi-
tions of the grant, the property became forfeited to the
crown, and was granted by Charles I. to Sir W. Stewart,
from whom the present town took its name. Sir Phclim
O'Nial, having obtained possession of the castle in 1641,
cut off all communication with this portion of Tyrone,
and compelled the king's forces to retreat from every
post they occupied in this part of the country. In the
war of the Revolution, James II. lodged for one night
3 F2
NI C H
NOBB
in the castle on his way to Londonderry, and also on
his return from Lifford ; and, on leaving it the follow-
ing morning, ordered it to be dismantled, and the town
to be burned ; which orders were carried into effect,
and the town continued in ruins till restored by one of
the Stewart family in 17'2'2. After its restoration it
soon became a place of considerable trade, from its
situation in the centre of a great linen district ; and in
1727, Dr. John Hall, rector of Ardstraw, built a hand-
some church here at his own expense, which has ever
since continued to be the parish church.
The town consists of three principal and three smaller
streets, and contains 350 houses, neat and well built ;
the principal streets are paved, and the inhabitants are
amply supplied with water from a spring at the south-
western end of the town, conveyed by pipes to the more
respectable houses, and into public reservoirs in several
parts of the town for the supply of the poorer inhabit-
ants. In the main street are two good hotels. A con-
siderable trade is derived from the situation of the place
on a great public thoroughfare ; and many of the inha-
bitants are emploj'ed in the numerous limestone and
freestone quarries in the neighbourhood, which are
extensively worked : the limestone found on the lands
of Baronscourt is of remarkably fine quahty for building.
In the excise arrangements the town is within the dis-
trict of Londonderry. The market, on Monday, is
amply supplied with every kind of agricultural produce,
and with unbleached linen : fairs, numerously attended,
are held on the last Monday in every month, chiefly for
cattle, sheep, and pigs. A small constabulary police
force is stationed in the town, and petty-sessions are
held monthly. The church is a large structure on a
gentle eminence, and has a lofty and well-proportioned
octagonal spire, which was added to it in 1803, in the
time of the Rev. G. Hall, then rector, and afterwards
Bishop of^ Dromore. There are also a Roman Catholic
chapel, two places of worship for Presbyterians and two
for Wesleyan Methodists, and a dispensary. In the
town are the remains of the castle, which, with the
exception of the roof, is nearly entire, forming a noble
and highly interesting ruin. In the vicinity is Barons-
court, the seat of the Marquess of Abercorn, a stately
mansion, situated in a widely extended demesne com-
bining much romantic and beautiful scenery, embellished
with three spacious lakes, and enriched with fine timber.
Moyle House, Newtown- Stewart Castle, and Cross
House, are also in the neighbourhood. Adjoining one
end of the bridge is an ancient fort thrown up to defend
the ford of the river ; there is a similar one at Ardstraw
bridge, and also at Moyle to guard the ford of the river
Glenally. Numerous other forts in the neighbourhood,
and various cairns, are noticed in the article on Ard-
straw.
NEWTOWN-TRIM.— SeeNEWTOWN-CLONBUN.
NICHOLAS, ST., a parish, in the barony of Bal-
LAGHKEEN, Union and county of Wexford, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 5^ miles (N.N.E.) from Wexford;
containing 316 inhabitants. This parish is situated near
the south-eastern coast, and comprises 12 13^ statute
acres. It is an impropriate cure, in the diocese of
Ferns, forming part of the union of Ardcolm : the rec-
tory is impropriate in the Earl of Portsmouth, and the
tithe rent-charge is £49. IT-, of which £29. 6. are pay-
able to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
404
incumbent. There are no remains of the church ; that
of the union is at Castlebridge. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is included in the district of Castle-
bridge.
NICHOLASTOWN.— See Athy.
NILTEEN, or Nalteen, a grange, in the barony of
Upper Antrim, union and county of Antrim, and
province of Ulster, 3^ miles (E.) from Antrim, and on
the Six-mile-water; containing 1191 inhabitants. It
comprises 2737 f statute acres, all superior arable land;
and is one of the four denominations which constitute
the union of Donegore, in the diocese of Connor. The
vicarial tithe rent-charge, payable to the incumbent of
Donegore, is £93 ; the rectorial tithe rent-charge, pay-
able to James Moore, Esq., of Clover Hill, is £186.
NINE-MILE-HOUSE, a village, in the parish of
Grangemockler, union of Callan, barony of Shev-
ARDAGH, county of Tipperary, and province of Mun-
ster, 5 miles (S.) from Callan, and on the road from
Dublin, by Clonmel, to Cork ; containing I60 inhabit-
ants. This small village is situated within half a mile
of the confines of the county of Kilkenny, and in the
immediate vicinity of the mountain of Slieve-na-man,
which rises on the south of it.
NOBBER, a post-town and parish, in the union of
Kells, partly in the barony of Lower Kells, but
chiefly in the barony of Morgallion, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 65 miles (N. E. by N.) from
Kells, and 31 (N. N. W.) from Dubhn, on the road to
Clones; containing 3757 inhabitants, of whom 349 are
in the town. In the reign of Henry VI. this place
ranked among the boroughs of Meath, and was con-
sidered to be the key of the coimty, so that, when it
had been burnt by the Irish, it was judged expedient, on
its restoration, to construct fortifications for its defence;
for which purpose the inhabitants were licensed to sum-
mon all the labourers within the town and barony,
for three days in every quarter of the year, for three
years. The town consists of 63 houses ; it has a sub-
post office to Kells, and a patent for a market, which is
not held, and for a fair on April 25th for every descrip-
tion of cattle and for pigs, which is well attended : a
constabulary police force is stationed here.
The parish comprises 10,488 statute acres. The
land, which is principally under tillage, varies greatly
in quality : in the southern part it is very superior, pro-
ducing excellent crops of wheat, oats, and barley, with
fine pasturage ; there is a considerable quantity of bog
in the north, and some marshy bog near the town. The
system of agriculture is improving. The lake of White-
wood, which is in the demesne of the same name, the
seat of Viscount Gormanston, who has a large estate in
the parish, is nearly an English mile in length and is
the source of the river Dee, which flows eastward through
the parish and discharges itself into the Irish Sea near
Annagasson, in the county of Louth. At Rockfield are
three quarries near one another, one of which yields
limestone, another greywacke, and the third a black
slaty stone ; there are several other limestone-quarries
in the parish. The principal seats are, Whitewood,
already noticed, standing conspicuously on an eminence,
and of which the demesne contains 1 50 acres, about 80
being planted, chiefly with young oak ; Brittas, a villa
with a demesne containing about 400 acres, well planted ;
Julianstown, Rockfield, Possextown, where is an emi-
NO HO
N O II O
nence called Cromwell's Hill, on which it is said a
battle was fought, and Cellar.
It is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, appropriate
to the see, and comprising, with the parish of Lough-
braccan, the perpetual cure of Nobber, in the patronage
of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £360. 9-, the
whole payable to the Bishop : the income of the per-
petual curate arises from £55. 7- paid by the bishop, and
from the glebe, which comprises 40 acres, valued at £70
per annum. The glebe-house was erected in 17B9, by a
gift of £150 from the Board of First Fruits. The
church is a plain structure, built in 1*71 by parish cess.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Nobber is the head of
a district, comprising this parish and that of Cruise-
town, in each of which is a chapel ; that of Nobber is a
neat and appropriate edifice, of modern erection, faced
with hewn stone. Considerable remains of a religious
foundation, supposed to have belonged to the Knights
of St. John of Jerusalem, are in the churchyard ; as is
also a monument of the Cruise family, of the date I6l9,
erected to the memory of Gerald Cruise, of Brittas, and
Margaret Pluukett, his wife. Near the town is a very
large circular Danish fort, the summit of which com-
mands an extensive prospect. Nobber is the birth-place
of the celebrated Irish harper, Carolan, the last of the
native bards, who was born in I67O, and became blind
at a very early period of his life from the effects of the
small pox.
NOGHEVAL, or Noughoval, a parish, in the
union of Athi.one, partly in the baronies of Abbey-
sHRULE and Rathcline, county of Longford, but
chiefly in that of Kilkenny West, county of West-
MEATH, and province of Leinster; containing, with
part of the town of Ballymahon, 4480 inhabitants. A
monastery of Dominican friars was founded at Ardna-
craney, in the 14th century, by Robert Dillon, of Drum-
raney. The parish comprises 15,15'2 statute acres, of
which 3564 are in the county of Longford : it is bounded
on the west by Lough Ree, and the navigable river Inny
flows through its northern portion. Agriculture is im-
proving ; the land is chiefly under pasture, with some
bog extending along the confines of Longford county to
the shores of Lough Ree, the islets of Inchbofin and
Inisturk in which, belong to this parish. The soil rests
on limestone ; and quarries of a species of red marble
have been opened on the lands of Cartron : there are
several corn-mills on the Inny. Among the gentlemen's
seats are Littleton Lodge, Gortmore House, Ardna-
crany, Noghaville, Lissy Hill, Annville, Clonkeen, and
Kilcornan : in that part which is in the county of Long-
ford are Cartron and Rathmore. It is a rectory, in the
diocese of Meath, entirely impropriate in the Bishop :
the tithe rent-charge is £347. 10., payable to the
bishop's lessee. At Tang is a Roman Catholic chapel ;
ruins of a church stand on the lands of Noghaville, and
of an ancient castle at Lisduffe. Old coins are frequently
dug up.
NOHOVAL, a parish, in the union of Kinsale,
barony of Kinnalea, county of Cork, and province of
MuNSTER, 8 miles (E.) from Kinsale, on the old road to
Robert's-Cove ; containing 1175 inhabitants, of whom
14'Z are in the village. This parish is situated on the
southern coast, and comprises '2^68 statute acres. The
land is generally good, though the soil is light ; about
four-fifths are under tillage, the remainder being rough
405
pasture and furze-brakes : the manure chiefly used is
sea-sand, landed at the bays along the coast, all of
which are very much exposed and dangerous. A
former incumbent, the Rev. W. R. Townsend, wrote a
practical treatise on agriculture, which he gratuitously
distributed among the working farmers, hoping to im-
prove the system of husbandry ; but he did not witness
the desired result, as the old system is still every where
followed. At Nohoval Cove are some extensive quarries,
whence great quantities of slate are shipped to Cork ;
the boats returning with limestone, burnt generally here
for the purposes of building. Not far distant, on the
same estate, are some veins of manganese ; they are in
a state of decomposition, but, from the numerous
springs impregnated with this mineral, it is quite evi-
dent that a great body of the ore is deposited in the im-
mediate vicinity. Very clear and beautiful crystals of
quartz are scattered among the soil, in most parts of
the parish. The Cove is a romantic retreat, at the
termination of a deep winding glen where many thou-
sands of young trees have lately been planted, which, if
they thrive, will form a great ornament to this barren
spot : the entrance to the Cove is marked by three
pyramidal rocks of considerable height. In calm
weather, coal, culm, and limestone may be landed here ;
but in the winter, scarcely a vessel ever ventures into so
dangerous a place. Dunbogy is a small well-sheltered
cove, having a good landing-place. The village con-
sists of -29 small houses. The chief seats are Nohoval
House and the Lodge.
It is a rectory and perpetual cure, in the diocese of
Cork ; the rectory forming part of the union of St.
Peter's, and of the corps of the archdeaconry of St. Fin-
barr, Cork ; the perpetual cure united with Kilmonogue,
and in the gift of the Archdeacon. The tithe rent-
charge is £l6l. 10., of which £105 are payable to the
archdeacon, and £56. 10. to the curate, who has also the
glebe-house and land. The glebe-house is a neat and
commodious edifice, erected by aid of a gift of £450, and
a loan of £50, in 1816, from the late Board of First
Fruits : the glebe comprises '2.^ acres. The church, a
very neat edifice, has been recently enlarged and re-
paired ; a chancel has been built, and a beautiful stained
window in the east end added, also a belfry : it is fur-
nished with a small fine-toned organ. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of
Tracton : a new chapel was built in 1846, the old one
having been taken down. The most prominent head-
land in the parish is Barry's Point, where formerly a
very strong castle stood, which was removed during the
late war to build a signal tower, now also in ruins.
NOHOVAL-DALY, a parish, in the union of Kan-
TURK, partly in the barony of Magonihy, county of
Kerry, but chiefly in that of Dlhallow, county of
Cork, and province of Minster, 5 miles (X. W.) from
Millstreet, and on the river Blackwater ; containing
3954 inhabitants. It comprises 17,373 statute acres:
the portion belonging to the county of Kerry forms part
of a district called, in the civil divisions, the " East
Fractions. " The arable land is of medium quality ;
there is a large quantity of marshy bog. The parish
comprises the greater part of the crown estate of Pobble
O'Keefe, on which the village of " Kiiig-William's-Town"
has been erected by government ; and considerable
progress has been made in draining, planting, and other
NOUG
N U R N
Improvements, noticed in the article on that place.
The new government road from Killarney to Mallow
commences at Shanogh Cross, on the Kerry side of the
parish, and, at the distance of about a quarter of a mile,
crosses the Blackwater over a handsome stone bridge,
called Duncannon Bridge ; it traverses the southern part
of the parish, running nearly parallel with the river,
and at Clonbanin, in the adjoining parish of Cullen,
forms a junction with the new line of road from Mallow
to Castle Island, which passes through the northern
part of the parish. The old road from Shanogh Cross
to Mount-Infant is now extended to the last mentioned
road at King-William's-town, thus forming a direct
communication between the two new and important
lines of road. At Knocknagree is a large flour-mill,
and four fairs are annually held there, the principal of
which is that on the 28th of April. During the dis-
turbances of IS^^, a detachment of the military was
stationed at this village. The parish is in the diocese of
Ardfert and Aghadoe : the rectory is partly appropriate
to the deanery of Ardfert and partly impropriate in
the Earl of Donoughmore ; the vicarage forms part of
the union of Brisbane. The tithe rent-charge is £210,
of which one-half is payable to the incumbent, £6. 16. 8.
to the dean, and the remainder to the impropriator. In
the Roman Catholic divisicms the parish is partly in the
district of Boherbee, but chiefly in that of Knockna-
coppel, or East Kilcummin : there is a small chapel at
Knocknagree. The late Mr. Cronin, of the Park, near
Killarney, recently bequeathed £30 per annum for the
establishment and support of a school in each of the
parishes of Kilcummin and Nohoval-Daly. There are
some vestiges of the church, in the burial-ground.
NOHOVAL-KERRY, a parish, in the union of Kil-
larney, barony of Trughenackmy, county of Kerry,
and province of Munster, 6 miles i^S. E.) from Tralee ;
on the river Maine, and on the old road from Tralee
to Castleisland ; containing 944 inhabitants. It com-
prises 3204 statute acres, of which about 600 consist of
bog and coarse mountain pasture ; the greater portion
of the land is in pasture, and there are several dairy-
farms. The state of agriculture is but slowly improving,
notwithstanding the abundance of limestone obtained
in the adjoining parish of Ballymacelligott, and burnt
for manure. Almost all of the parish is College property
held by middlemen three or four removes from the col-
lege, which fact may account for the very unimproved
state of the land in general. It is a rectory, in the dio-
cese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, forming part of the union
of Ballymacelligott : the tithe rent-charge is £51. 7. 6.
In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the parish is in-
cluded in the union or district of Ballymacelligott.
There are ruins of the church still remaining, in the
burial-ground.
NOUGHAVAL, a parish, in the union of Ennisty-
MON, barony of Burren, county of Clare, and province
of Munster, 2 miles (N. N. E.) from Kilfenora, and on
the road from Ennis to Burren ; containing 4.50 inha-
bitants. It comprises 4661 statute acres, only a small
portion of which is under tillage, the greater part con-
sisting of rocky limestone pasture, yielding a rich
though scanty herbage : there are about 80 acres of
pasturable mountain. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Kilfenora, united at a period
unknown to the vicarage of Carrune, or Carne, together
406
constituting the union of Noughaval and the corps
of the precentorship of Kilfenora, in the patronage of
the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£26. 5., and of the entire benefice £52. 10., the whole
payable to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, by whom
the benefice is at present held in sequestration : the
glebe comprises 26n. 22/). In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the union of Carrune,
or Carne ; the chapel is at the village of Noughaval.
The ruins of the church stand on the glebe ; and at
Banroe, Ballymurphy, and Ballygannor, are the ruins of
the castles respectively so called. Within the limits of
the parish are three ancient forts, attributed to the
Danes ; and at Ballygannor is a cromlech of extra-
ordinary dimensions, the table-stone being nearly 40
feet long and 10 broad, and supported by upright flag-
stones rising about six feet above the ground.
NURNEY, a parish, partly in the barony of Car-
Lovi', and partly in that of Forth, but chiefly in the
barony of Idrone East, union and county of Carlow,
and province of Leinster, 2 miles (N. E.) from Leigh-
lin-Bridge, on the road to TuUow; containing 905 inha-
bitants, of whom 216 are in the village. This parish
comprises 2723 statute acres. There is no bog : agri-
culture is in a good state. Here are granite-quarries
for building, and limestone for burning ; and the Barrow
navigation affords the means of conveying goods to
Waterford. The village, consisting of 43 houses, stands
at the junction of several roads ; it is a constabulary
police station, and has a patent for a fair on May 6th,
which, however, is not held. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Leighlin, forming the corps of
the precentorship, in the patronage of the Bishop : the
tithe rent-charge is £173. 1. 6. The church is a small
neat building of hewn stone, erected in 1788, by aid of
£500 from the Board of First Fruits ; and the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners recently granted £217 for its
repair : the steeple was thrown down by lightning some
years since. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Dunleckney. The parochial
school-house was built by Col. Bruen, M.P., at an ex-
pense of £400. From the churchyard a noble view of
the western part of the county is procured, with the
windings of the river Barrow : in it is part of a rude
stone cross, and without its boundary stands a perfect
cross, six feet high.
NURNEY, a parish, in the union of Edenderry,
barony of Carbery, county of Kildare, and province
of Leinster, 3 miles (VV.) from Enfield, on the road to
Edenderry; containing 651 inhabitants, and comprising
2130;f statute acres. The principal residence is Williams-
town House. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Kildare, forming part of the union of Carbery : the
rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Downshire,
and the tithe rent-charge is £50. 2., of which £33. 8.
are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions Nurney is part
of the union of Cadamstown : the chapel is a good plain
building.
NURNEY, a parish, in the union of Athy, barony
of West Ophaly, county of Kildare, and province of
Leinster, 3 miles (S. by W.) from Kildare, on the road
to Athy ; containing 735 inhabitants, of whom 139 are
in the village. This parish comprises 1798^ statute
acres : there is a great deal of bog, but no waste, and
O B R
O D () G
agriculture is improving. Nuruuy is a constabulary
police station. Anciently a large castle stood here,
which has been modernised; the property was forfeited,
in 1641, by the Sarsfield family : the residence is called
Nurney House, and has been greatly ornamented and
improved by the Bagot family, who lived here till lately.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Kildare, united, in 1809, to the rectories of Kildangan
and Walterstown, the three parishes forming the corps
of the prebend of Nurney, in the patronage of the Bishop.
The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £65. l.'i. 6., and
the gross tithe of the union £149. '^i. 6. There is
neither glebe nor glebe-house. A church was lately
built. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is
part of the district of Monastereven aud Kildangan : the
chapel adjoins the ruins of the ancient church and
burial-ground.
OAGHILL, a village, in the parish and island of
Arranmore, barony of Arran, union and county of
Galway, aud province of Connaught : the population
is returned with the parish. It is situated nearly in the
centre of the island, which forms the principal of the
group called the Arran Islands. Here are a signal
tower and a lighthouse, the latter exhibiting a bright re-
volving light, which attains its greatest magnitude every
three minutes, and, being nearly ,500 feet above the level
of the sea, is seen at a great distance in clear weather.
In the village is a neat Roman Catholic chapel.
O'BRENNAN, a parish, in the union of Tralee,
barony of Trughenackmy, county of Kerry, and pro-
vince of Mt'NSTER, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Tralee, on
the old road to Castleisland ; containing 99- inhabi-
tants. It comprises 6547 statute acres, the greater part
of which consists of coarse mountain pasture and l)og,
mostly reclainiable : a portion of the mountain tract is
now being reclaimed and brought into cultivation. Here
is a large flour-mill. The principal residence is O'Bren-
nan. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the gift of the Bishop ;
the tithe rent-charge is £51. l^. The church is in ruins ;
the Protestant parishioners attend that of Tralee. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Ballymacelligott. Within its limits is the
entrance to the principal caverns in the limestone
strata in the adjoining parish of Ballymacelligott, which
see.
O'BRIENS-BRIDGE, a parish and village, in the
union of Limerick, barony of Tulla Lower, county
of Clare, aud province of Munster, 6 miles (X. E.)
from Limerick, on the road to Killaloe ; containing 4995
inhabitants, of whom 435 are in the village. This place,
which is situated on the Shannon, derives its name from
a bridge of 14 arches built over that river by one of the
O'Briens, and which for several centuries has withstood
the violent impetuosity of the current. The arches mostly
vary in span from 19 to '2S feet ; four at the north end
have been taken down by the government engineers,
40*
who have replaced them by two cast-iron arches each 60
feet span, and dredged the river to the depth of 7 feet.
The parish comprises 11,425 statute acres, mostly of
poor and sandy soil. The village consists of one street,
and contains 8'2 houses neatly built ; the neighbourhood
is embellished with several handsome seats, the principal
of which are Clonboy, Ross, Fuhers Lodge, and Fairy
Lawn. An extensive flour and oatmill mill worked by
steam affords employment to 50 men. A receiving-house
for letters here is in connexion with Castle-Connell ;
fairs arc held on July '25th and Nov. 7th, and packet-
boats pass daily to Dublin and Limerick. Near the
village is Montpelier, a strongly impregnated sul-
phureous spring, in high repute for its efficacy in cuta-
neous diseases, and much frequented. The church was
erected in 18'20, the late Board of First Fruits making a
free grant of £300. The living is a perpetual curacy, in
the diocese of Killaloe, and in the patronage of the Dean
and Chapter; the stipend is, £46. 3. payable by the
dean, and an augmentation of £'23 from Primate Boul-
ter's fund. A glebe-house was built in 18'28, by a gift
of £450 and a loan of £50 from the Board of First
Fruits ; the glebe consists of 9 acres.
O'CALLAGHAN'S-MILLS, a village, in the parish
of KiLLURAN, union of Scariff, barony of Tulla
Lower, county of Clare, and province of Munster,
on the road from Broadford to Tulla. It is divided
into two parts, called respectively Upper aud Lower;
and contains 56 houses, and 331 inhabitants.
ODDER, a parish, in the union of Du.nshaughlin,
barony of Skreen, county of Meath, and province of
Leinster, 4^ miles (N. N. W.) from Dunshaughlin ;
comprising 1'204 statute acres. Towards the close of
the twelfth century, a nunnery was founded here for
Regular Canonesses of the order of St. Augustine by
the family of Barnwall, of which some remains still
exist : several cells of nuns in Meath were annexed to
this house. Odder is in the diocese of Meath : the rec-
tory is entirely impropriate in the Misses Blundell ; the
tithe rent-charge is £30.
ODOGH, or Three-Castles, a parish, in the
barony of Cranagh, union and county of Kilkenny,
and province of Leinster, 4^ miles (X. W.) from Kil-
kenny, on the road to Freshford and Durrow ; contain-
ing 1402 inhabitants. This parish, which is intersected
by the river Nore, comprises 4542 statute acres. The
river, over which is a neat stone bridge, adds much in-
terest to the surrounding scenery, which is also enlivened
by a seat, called Three- Castles, situated in a pleasing
demesne ; and by the Grange, a neat residence. At
Mount Eagle is an extensive distillery. A constabulary
police force is stationed in the parish. The living is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, united by act of
council in 1797, to the vicarages of Donoughmore and
Coolcraheen, and in the alternate patronage of the
Crown and the Bishop : the rectory is impropriate in
the representatives of Sir Jaraes Tynte, Bart. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £225, of which £150
are payable to the impropriators. The glebe-house was
built in 179s by the then incumbent, at a cost exceeding
£800, aided by £100 from the Board of First Fruits;
the glebe comprises 20 acres. The gross income of
the benefice of the vicar, before the passing of the Rent-
charge act, was £370. The church, a neat building,
was erected about the year 1796, and for that purpose
O FFE
OG U L
the Board of First Fruits made a grant of £500. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the
district of Conahy, but chiefly in that of Freshford : the
chapel, situated on the townland of Tullow, and called
Three-Castles, belongs to the latter union.
ODONNELLS ISLAND, in the parish of Kildy-
SERT, union of Kilrvsh, barony of Clonderlaw,
county of Clare, and province of Munster. It lies
in the river Shannon, and comprises S3; statute acres.
O'DORNEY, a parish, in the union of Listowel,
barony of Clanmaurice, county of Kerry, and pro-
vince of Munster, 7 miles (N. by E.) from Tralee, on
the new road to Listowel ; containing 3142 inhabitants.
At this place, otherwise called A';/;(e Eleison, an abbey
under the invocation of the Virgin Mary was founded in
1 154, for Cistercian monks. Its possessions, at one time,
very extensive, were at the Dissolution granted by
Henry VIII. to Edmond, Lord of Kerry, created Baron
O'Dorney, in 1537. In 1596, the abbey was given by
Queen Elizabeth to the Provost and Fellows of Trinity
College, Dublin ; and in 1 603 the rectory of O'Dorney
was granted by the queen to Wm. Taaffe, Esq. : it is
now the property of W. Talbot Crosbie, Esq., of Ard-
fert Abbey. The parish comprises 7'2'27 statute acres.
The living is an impropriate cure, in the diocese of Ard-
fert and Aghadoe, and in the patronage of Mr. Crosbie,
who receives the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £138,
and has appointed a curate. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Abbey-
dorney, which also comprises the parishes of Kilflyn
and Killaghin and contains the chapels of Abbey-
dorney and Kilflyn. The ruins of the ancient abbey
church are situated near the village of Abbey-Dorney,
which see.
OFFERLANE, a parish, in the barony of Upper
Woods, union of Mountrath, Qijeen's county, and
province of Leinster, 3i miles (S. W.) from Mountrath ;
on the road to Roscrea, and on that from Dublin to
Limerick; containing 10,491 inhabitants. This parish,
which is also called De Foralain, is situated on the river
Nore, and comprises 48,9-6 statute acres, 311 being
woodland, 8000 brown mountain and bog, 4000 green
mountain and moor, 16,8'20 arable, and the remainder
pasture. It comprehends an extensive range of the
Slieve-Bloom mountains, stretching from east to west
about seven miles in length by about two miles in
breadth, and rising upwards of 1600 feet above the level
of the sea ; the greater part of the land in this extent
being too rugged and barren to admit of cultivation.
Gritstone is in great abundance, and there is a quarry
for a fine stone similar to that of Portland ; also lime-
stone-quarries, and a slate-quarry. Petty-sesions take
place on alternate Fridays, at Castletown and Coole-
raine ; and fairs are held at Castletown on June 29th,
and at Rushall on the first Monday in every month.
Police stations have been established at Castletown,
Cooleraine, and Cartown. There are extensive flour and
oatmeal mills at Cooleraine and Castletown, which
manufacture at least 25,000 barrels annually.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, and
in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is appro-
priate to the dean and chapter of St. Canice, Kilkenny.
The tithe rent-charge is £675, of which £450 are pay-
able to the dean and chapter, and the remainder to the
vicar. The old church, situated at Annatrim, was in so
408
bad a condition as to be condemned as unsafe for use ;
a new building has been lately erected near it, at a cost
of £1535, of which £1211 were given by the Ecclesi-
astical Commissioners, and £324 were raised by sub-
scription. The glebe-house stands on a glebe of 254
acres, of which 120 are bog and mountain. The Roman
Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church ; it is called Underwoods, and contains
four chapels, one at Cormorass, one at Rushall, one at
Castletown, and one at Killinure. There is a dispensary
at Cooleraine. Ruins exist of the old monastery of
Monderhilt, of which St. Laserian was abbot about the
year 600 ; and of a church at Churchtown near Castle-
town : there are also remains of the castles of Sharahane
and Castletown, and ruins of a castle at Rushall. Seve-
ral raths are in the parish. — See Castletown.
OGASHIN.— See Quinn.
OGONNILLOE, a parish, in the barony of Tulla
Lower, union of Scariff, county of Clare, and pro-
vince of Munster, 5 miles (N. by W.) from Killaloe, on
the road to SearifiF; containing 3162 inhabitants. It is
situated on the southern side of Scariff bay, which opens
into Lough Derg ; and comprises 99'-5 statute acres,
including the island of Coskerry, in Lough Derg, which
contains 15/ acres. The whole of the parish, with the
exception only of about 97 acres, is the property of
Major Purdon ; the land is partly in pasture, but chiefly
in tillage, and there is some mountain bog. An excellent
new road has been constructed along the shores of
Lough Derg, in lieu of the hilly road from Scariff to
Killaloe, through the centre of the parish. The more
elevated parts, and in particular the Gap of Ogonnilloe,
command fine views of the lough, the Derry hills on the
opposite shore, and the Keeper mountain in the distance.
Tinerana, the residence of the Purdon family, is beauti-
fully situated on the banks of Lough Derg, in an exten-
sive and well-wooded demesne. The living is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Killaloe, and in the gift of the Bishop ;
a portion of the rectory is appropriate to the economy
fund of the cathedral of Killaloe, and the remainder
forms part of the union of Omullod : the tithe rent-
charge is £131. 10. 9., of which £29. 1. 6. are payable
to the economy fund, £58. 17. to the incumbent of
Omullod, and the remainder to the vicar, who also re-
ceives £34. 6. from the economy fund. The glebe-house
was built in 1814, when the Board of First Fruits con-
tributed £450, and a loan of £63, towards its erection :
attached is a glebe comprising about 10 acres. The
church is a neat edifice with a tower surmounted by
minarets, erected in 1812 by aid of £800 from the same
Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms a separate district : the chapel is at the Gap of
Ogonnilloe. At Ballybran are the ruins of an old church ;
and on a small island about 100 yards from the shore
are the remains of Betkelly Castle, also called Cahir
Castle. Until lately this castle was almost perfect ; but
having been used for illicit distillation, it was partly
blown up a few years since, and now forms a pic-
turesque ruin.
OGULLA, a parish, in the union, barony, and county
of Roscommon, and province of Connatjght, 8 miles
(N.) from Roscommon, on the road to Boyle ; contain-
ing, with the village of Tulsk (which is separately de-
scribed), 1826 inhabitants. This parish comprises 6213
statute acres, principally excellent pasture ; there is very
O L DC
O M AG
little bog. Petty- sessions for the district, and fairs, are
held at Tulsk. The chief seats are Cargins and Too-
mona. Ogulla is a rectory, in the diocese of Elphin,
forming part of the union and corps of the deanery of
Elphin : the tithe rent-charge is £6S. 8. 4. la the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Kilcooly, also called Ballybrogh.
OILGATE, a village, in the parish of Edermine,
union of Enniscorthy, barony of Ballaghkeen,
county of Wexford, and province of Leinster ; con-
taining 25 houses, and 115 inhabitants.
OLDBRIDGE, a village, in the parish of Donore,
union of Drogheda, barony of Lower Duleek, county
of Meath, and province of Leinster, '2 miles (W.)
from Drogheda, and on the river Boyne ; containing
about '22 houses and 10" inhabitants. In the account
of the possessions of the abbey of Mellifont, taken at
the time of the suppression of monasteries, are enume-
rated sixteen fishing corraghs at this place, producing
an annual rental of £13. 13. 4. It is celebrated as being
the principal scene of the battle of the Boyne, in 1690,
for the details of which see the article on Drogheda.
OLDCASTLE, a market and post town, a parish,
and the head of a union, in the barony of Demifore,
county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 20 railes
(\. \vg from Trim, and 45j (N. W.) from Dublin, on
the road to Killesandra ; containing 5079 inhabitants,
of whom 1508 are in the town. The name of this place
is supposed to be derived from the ruins of a castle, of
which, however, not a vestige can be traced. The town
contains 249 houses ; in the excise arrangements it is
within the district of Drogheda. The market-house, in
the centre of the town, is a handsome oblong building,
affording accommodation for the market below, and for
the petty-sessions above ; here is a dispensary. The
largest market in the county is held at Oldcastle, every
Monday, for yarn, particularly the finer kinds ; it is
also plentifully supplied with pigs, meal, potatoes, but-
ter, butchers-meat, &c. There are three principal fairs,
on the 2nd Monday in June, Aug. 20th, and Oct. 28th ;
and some minor fairs have been lately established, for
cattle, sheep, horses, pigs, yarn, butter, and wool. Petty-
sessions are held on alternate Mondays. The parish,
also called Clolyne, comprises 7 90S statute acres. Agri-
culture is in a prosperous state ; about half the land is
under tillage, and the other half is pasture : the supply
of peat is abundant. There are several fine quarries of
limestone, which is carried to a great distance in the
county of Cavan, for burning into lime. Extensive
flour and oatmeal mills (at Millbrook) were erected in
1777, by John Henrj', Esq., on his estate, which con-
sists of 200 acres ; they have the convenience of a
sixty-horse power by water supplied from Lough Crew,
and the concern employs 50 hands. The mansion, on an
eminence, commands extensive views of the surrounding
country ; and here the river Inny takes its rise.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, and
in the patronage of Lord Dunsany : previous to the
demise of the late incumbent, it was united to the rec-
tory of Castlecorr, otherwise Kilbride, but it is now a
separate benefice. The rectory is impropriate in the
Marquess of AVestmeath. The tithe rent-charge is £312,
of which £138. 12. 6. are payable to the impropriator
and the residue to the \icar. The glebe-house was
erected at an expense of £738, of which £277 were a
Vol. II. — 109
gift and £461 a loan from the Board of First Fruits :
the glebe comprises six acres, valued at £12 per annum,
but subject to a small quit-rent. The church is a plain
substantial building with a tower and spire, in very
good repair; it was principally built by a loan of £1000
from the same Board, in 1816, and the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners recently granted £284 for its repair :
the spire, was erected at the expense of J. L. W. Naper,
Esq., of Loughcrew, lord of the manor. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comjjrising also those of Loughcrew and Moylough, in
in which union are two chapels ; that of Oldcastle is a
large building, erected in 1815, at an expense of £2000,
on a site given by Mr. Naper, who also contributed
£1000 towards the building. The altar-piece is by
Craig, a native of this parish ; it is copied from the
original by Angelo, and represents the Taking- down
from the Cross. There is also a neat chapel for Primi-
tive Wesleyan Methodists, who are in communion with
the Established Church. Here is a school upon the
Lancasterian principle, established by the late Lawrence
Gibson, Esq., a native of the parish, who realised a
large fortune in London, which he left to endow a niale
and female school : the school-house is a very handsome
building, erected at the cost of £6000, and capable of
accommodating 1000 children ; the average attendance
being SOO. It stands upon an inclosed space, containing
2 acres, divided into gardens and shrubberies, and a
play-ground : the land was the gift of Mr. Naper. The
annual income of this foundation, from debentures in
the three and a half per cents, is £800. The union
workhouse, on a site of 7^ acres purchased for £615,
was completed in 1841 at a cost of £5975, and is con-
structed to accommodate 600 inmates.
OLDMILLS, a village, in the parish of Carncastle,
union of Larne, barony of Upper Glenarm, county
of Antrim, and province of L'Lster ; containing 2*
houses, and 117 inhabitants.
OLD ROSS.— See Ross, Old.
OLD TOWN, a village, in the parish of Clonme-
than, union of Balrothery, barony of Balrothery
West, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster,
containing 33 houses, and 156 inhabitants.
OMAGH, an assize, market, and post town, and the
head of a union, in the parish of Drumragh, barony of
Omagh, county of Tyrone, and province of Ulster,
26:J: miles (S. E.) from Londonderry, and 86 (N. N. W.)
from Dublin, on the road between these two cities;
containing 2947 inhabitants. This place, which was
anciently called Oigli-Ma^h and Oigli-Rath, signifying
" the seat of the chiefs," is supposed to have owed its
origin as a town to an abbey founded here in 792, which
was converted into a house for the third order of Fran-
ciscans in 1464, and continued to flourish as such until
the Dissolution, when its site and possessions were
granted to Sir Henry Piers. There is no notice of the
town as a fortress or place of defence until 1498, when
Mac Art O'Nial, having taken up arms against the
English government, fortified himself in the castles of
Omy and Kinnard ; upon which the Earl of Kildare,
then lord-deputy, marched against the former, took it,
razed it to the ground, and compelled Mac Art to sub-
mit to the king's authority. In 1 602, Mountjoy, lord-
deputy, placed a strong garrison in Omy, under the com-
mand of Sir Henrv Docwra, and marched hence v^ith all
3G
O M AG
bis forces against the Earl of Tyrone ; succeeded in
taking the whole of his magazines, military chest, and
other valuables ; and, after driving the discomfited earl
to Castle Roe, on the Bann, penetrated as far as Ennis-
killen. Tyrone never recovered from this defeat, and
soon made his final submission at Mellifont.
On the plantation of Ulster in 1609, the town, with
its surrounding district, was granted to Lord Castle-
haven in the following divisions ; '2000 acres at Adder-
goole, being Omagh and the adjoining townlands ; 2000
acres at Fintona ; 2000 at Brade ; and 3000 at Ravone.
But this nobleman having neglected to erect castles and
settle British subjects on the land, according to the
articles of plantation, the grant reverted to the crown ;
and the district of Addergoole was granted by Charles I.,
in 1631, to James Mervyn, Esq., under the name of the
manor of Arleston or Audleston ; and the greater part
of Fintona or Ballynahatty, to the same person, under
the name of the manor of Touchet. Colonel Archdall,
the descendant of the grantee, is now lord of the manor.
In 1641, Sir Phelim O'Nial, shortly after the commence-
ment of the war, marched against the castle of Omagh,
which, by an immediate surrender, escaped the suffer-
ings inflicted on those places in the county that made a
more vigorous resistance. James II. passed through
the town in the spring of 1689, on his march northward
to Strabane. The garrison which he placed here was
soon afterwards driven out with great slaughter, but
before they evacuated the place the soldiers set it on
fire and destroyed it, with the church and the castle
built by Mervyn. In 17-13, the town, having been re-
built in the intermediate period, was again destroyed
by fire, two houses only escaping the flames. It was
however soon rebuilt on a new plan, and has become a
thriving and rapidly improving place.
Omagh is situated on a gentle eminence on the
southern bank of the river Stroule, here known by the
name of the Drumragh water, a branch of the Foyle;
and consists of three principal streets, with several
smaller branching from them. Many of the houses are
large and well built ; the streets are paved, but not
lighted ; and the inhabitants have but a scanty supply
of water, as there are no public fountains or wells. It
is now the county town, a distinction formei-ly enjoyed
by Dungannon ; but at what time the change took
place has not been ascertained, further than that it oc-
curred previously to 1/68. The communication between
the town and Cappagh is maintained by a fine bridge
over the Stroule. A reading-room is furnished with
newspapers, but not with periodicals or other literary
works. The trade is very hmited ; the only manufac-
tures are those of tobacco, and of ale and beer, of which
latter there is an extensive brewery, the produce of
which has acquired some celebrity. The land in the
vicinity is tolerably cultivated, and well planted; the
seats are New Grove and Mount-Pleasant. A branch
of the National Bank has been established. In the
excise arrangements the town is within the district of
Londonderry. The market, held on Saturday, is well
supplied with provisions, and on alternate Saturdays
brown hncns are exposed for sale : a market-house was
built in 1830, in which grain and vegetables are sold ;
and a very convenient range of shambles was opened in
1834. Fairs are held on the first Saturday of every
month, for all kinds of cattle.
410
O M E Y
The assizes for the county are held here ; as are the
quarter-sessions for the baronies of Omagh and Stra-
bane, alternately with the town of Strabane. A court
baron is also held every third Thursday for the manor
of Audleston, at which the seneschal of the lord of the
manor presides : debts to the amount of £4 are reco-
verable in it. The court-house is a large and handsome
edifice, on the highest ground in the town ; it has in
front a fine portico of four Doric columns, with the
royal arms in the tympanum : the stone of which the
front is formed was raised from the quarries of Kirlis,
eight miles distant. On the northern side of the town
is the county prison, built in 1804, and enlarged in
1822 according to a plan adapted to the better classi-
fication of the prisoners, with the governor's house in
the centre ; it consists of 60 cells, 73 beds in rooms, 10
solitary cells, 9 day-rooms, and 6 yards, with an hos-
pital, and small chapel, and has a tread-mill, not applied
to any profitable use. To the north of the gaol are the
barracks, originally intended for artillery, but now en-
larged and fitted up for infantry, being the depot and
head-quarters of a military district ; they contain ac-
commodations for a field officer, 7 other commissioned
officers, 110 privates, and 60 horses, with an hospital
for 12 patients. Here is a chief constabulary police
station. The county infirmary was established in 1796 ;
and though considerably enlarged in 1810, its arrange-
ments being still imperfect, further additions have just
been made to it : a building for a fever hospital is also
in the town, and a dispensary, established in 1831, is
supported in the usual manner. The parochial church
of Drumragh, situated at Omagh, is a handsome edifice,
erected in 1777 by the Mervyn family, and enlarged in
1820 with a north aisle and galleries, at the expense of
the parish : it is in the Grecian style, with a lofty tower
and spire built at the expense of Dr. Knox, late Bishop
of Derry. In the town is a large Roman Cathohc cha-
pel for the district of Drumragh and Omagh ; there are
also two meeting-houses for Presbyterians in connexion
with the General Assembly, and two others belonging
respectively to the Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists,
The union workhouse, on a site of six acres held at a
rent of £30, was completed in 1841 at a cost of £6557,
and is constructed for 800 inmates. No trace of the
ancient abbey is now in existence, and even its site is
matter of doubt : a small fragment of the ruins of
Castle Mervyn is still visible on the side of a brook
near the pound. Dr. John Lawson, author of Lectures
on Oratory, was born in this town, in 1712.
OMEATH.— See Carlingford.
OMEY, an island, in the parish of Omey, union of
Clifden, barony of Ballinahinch, county of Gal-
way, and province of Connaught, 4^ miles (N. W.)
from Clifden, and on the western coast : the population
is returned with the parish. The island, which com-
prises 296 statute acres of arable land, lies very low,
and is connected with the main land at low water : the
channel forms a natural harbour at each end. The
female inhabitants are generally employed in spinning
wool and knitting stockings, in the manufacture of
which they are very expert, and produce an excellent
article known by the name of Connemara stockings.
There are three burial-places on the island, two of
which are kept as distinct cemeteries for men and wo-
men, according to an ancient custom, supposed to have
O M E Y
originated with a religious fraternity established by St.
Feighau, who died in 664. The island is said to have
been given to St. Feighan, after he left Fore, by Guaira,
King of Connaught.
OMEY, or Umma, a parish, in the union of Clif-
DEN, barony of Ballinahinch, county of Galway,
and province of Connaught ; containing, with the sea-
port and post-town of Clifdon (which is separately de-
scribed), 7953 inhabitants. This parish, which is called
also Uniond, is situated on the coast of Connemara,
and forms the extreme western portion of that very
extensive and highly interesting district. It compre-
hends within its limits the islands of Omcy, Tarbert,
Ennisturk, Cruagh, Ardilane or High Island, and Friar
Island, with the harbour of Ardbear or CUfden ; and is
9 miles in length, and 3 in breadth, comprising '20,835|
statute acres. The surface is strikingly diversified with
numerous mountains, lakes, and bogs ; and the coast,
which is rugged and abrupt, is deeply indented with
bays and creeks, forming excellent harbours. Though
extremely wild and but very badly cultivated, it contains
many tracts of fertile land, and the substratum is rich
in mineral wealth. A great portion of the mountain
and bog might be easily reclaimed, and, from the
abundance of sea-weed and coralline sand found in the
creeks and bays, might soon be brought into a state of
profitable cultivation. The oats grown in this district
are of remarkably fine quality, and in the London mar-
ket obtain high prices. Copper-ore abounds ; and on
the estate of T. B. Martin, Esq., in the parish, two
shafts were sunk some time since, from which about 60
tons of very rich ore were raised. Coal has also been
found; and there is every probability that, when good
roads have been opened throughout the district, and its
natural advantages are fully developed, it will be found
rich in agricultural produce and in mineral wealth. The
scenery in many parts is boldly and impressively ma-
jestic, and in others beautifully picturesque and roman-
tic. On the High Island, which comprises about .50
acres, and which is of very dangerous access except in
fine weather, are the remains of an ancient religious
house ; the stone cells of the monks are still in a per-
fect state.
The entrance to the bay of Clifden is obstructed by
many shoals and rocks ; at the distance of five miles to
the south of that island are the Carrigarone rocks,
always above water. The inlet, a little farther up,
divides into two branches, of which the southern or
Ardbear has a bar of one fathom at the entrance, but
within has deep water ; the upper part is rocky, and
has a good salmon-fishery at its head : the northern
branch runs up to Clifden, and is dry at low water,
but the tide rises X'i feet at the quay. Leaving Clifden,
there is a channel for small vessels on the north of
Carrigarone, between Rualie and Tarbert Island ; and
between Tarbert Island and Kingstown is a bar passable
only by small vessels at high water. The sound be-
tween Ennisturk and the main land is called Kingstown,
and forms a good harbour for small vessels, but is diffi-
cult of access from the rocks at its mouth. Streams-
town bay or river, is an inlet navigable for five miles,
but almost dry at low water : the channel at Omey
Island forms a natural harbour at each end. From this
place to Aghris Point, in lat. 53° 32' 45" (N.), and Ion.
10° 8' 30" (W.), the coast to Cleggan bay is a low gra-
411
OO L L
nite shore with rocks in the offing, outside of which arc
the small isles of Cruagh, High, and Friars ; between
these and the main land is deep water, but with several
rocks and breakers. This district, which is regarded as
the Irish Highlands, was the stronghold of the cele-
brated Grana-Uile, or Grace O'Malley, whose heroic
exploits by sea i)rocured for her the honour of an inter-
view with Queen Elizabeth. The parish is the nearest
point of land in Europe to the continent of America.
The living is a rectory or vicarage, in the diocese of
Tuam, forming part of the union of Ballynakill ; the
tithe rent-charge is £37. 1. 6. The glebe-house, a
very comfortable residence situated in the town of Clif-
den, was built in 18'23 at an expense of £507; £415
were a gift and £92 a loan from the late Board of First
Fruits, which also granted £554 for the erection of a
church at Clifden, which serves for the whole union.
The glebe comprises 40 acres, valued at £40 per annum.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head
of a union, called Clifden, comprising also the parish of
Ballindoon, and containing three chapels, two in this
parish and one in Ballindoon. At Errislaneen are the
ruins of a church, and within a mile of the town are
evident traces of a Druidical station ; there arc chaly-
beate springs at Clifden and Kingstown.
OMULLOD.— See Clonlea.
ONOUGHT, a village, in the parish and island of
Arranmore, barony of Arran, union and county of
Galway, and province of ConnaV'Ght : the population
is returned with the parish. It is situated at the west-
ern extremity of the island, which is the principal of
the group called the Islands of Arran, at the entrance
of the bay of Galway. The inhabitants subsist chiefly
by fishing. Near the village are the ruins of seven
churches, and of a monastery.
OOLLA, or Ulloe, a parish, in the union of Tip-
PERARY, barony of Coonagh, county of Limerick, and
province of Munster, 7^ miles (N. W.) from Tipperary,
on the new line of road to Limerick ; containing 3377
inhabitants, of whom 398 are in the village. James,
Earl of Kildare, deputy governor of Ireland, in 1497
took Ballyneety Castle, and destroyed the fortress. In
1691, General Sarsfield surprised this castle in the
night, blew it up, and destroyed all the cannon destined
for the siege of Limerick, together with the ammuni-
tion, stores, &c., which had been brought hither, at an
enormous expense, by William III. ; who afterwards
partially repaired the castle. The parish comprises
6859 statute acres, and is situated on the borders of
the counties of Tipperary and Limerick : the land is
tolerably good, and is chiefly meadow and pasture,
about a fifth only being under tillage. The substratum
is limestone of very superior quality, though not in
much use for manure. The village consists of 70
houses, mostly small, but well built ; it has much im-
proved since the formation of the new road ; there is a
constabulary police station. The chief seats are, New-
town-ElIard, the ancient seat of the Lloyd family ; and
Castle Lloyd. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Emly, and in the patronage of the Crown, owing to
the legal incapacity of the Earl of Kenmare ; the rectory
is impropriate in Edward Deane Freeman, Esq. There
is neither church nor glebe-house ; but two excellent
glebes comprise together 37 acres. The parishioners
attend the church of Cullen, the curate of which per-
3 G-2
OR AN
forms the occasional duties of the parish : divine service
is also performed in Castle Lloyd, and in the spacious
parochial school, which is supported by the Lloyd
family and others. Near it stands the Roman Catholic
chapel, a large old edifice. The remains of Ballyneety
Castle present a stately heap of ruins, with here and
there a wall nearly entire ; the ruins of the church, and
of Oolla Castle, stand close to the Roman Chapel chapel.
In IS'25, some large and perfect antlers of the elk were
discovered; and, in IS'28, a brazen trumpet, and spear
and arrow heads of bronze, were found, which are now
in the museum of Trinity College, Dublin.
ORAN, a parish, in the barony of Ballymoe, union
and county of Roscommon, and province of Con-
naught, 05 miles (N. W.) from Roscommon : on the
road to Castlerea, and on the river Suck ; containing
"2114 inhabitants. This place was anciently called i/((-
aran-Hichlaback, and is of great antiquity. St. Patrick
is said to have founded a church here, of which St. Ce-
thecus was bishop ; this prelate was interred here. The
old cemetery, adjacent to the high road, is still a favou-
rite place of burial, and the reputation of its sanctity
attracts many pilgrims. The parish comprises 5181^
statute acres of good land chiefly under tillage, there
being neither waste nor bog : the soil rests on lime-
stone, of which there are quarries. Oran is a prebend
and rectory, in the diocese of Elphin, episcopaily united
from time immemorial to the vicarage of Drimtemple,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is im-
propriate in the Earl of Essex. The tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £109. 10., and the gross tithe of the
union £134. 10. The church of the union is at Drim-
temple ; it was erected in 1815, at an expense of £554,
a gift from the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Glinsk and Kilcroan. There are still some ruins of
the old church ; and the remote antiquity of the place
is proved by the fragment of a round tower, now only
12 feet high, and 1 1 feet 3 inches in internal diameter,
having walls 4 feet 6 inches thick, well built of two
different kinds of limestone.
ORANMORE, a post-town and parish, partly in
the barony of Galway, but chiefly in the barony of
DuNKELLiN, union and county of Galway, and pro-
vince of CoNNAUGHT, on the road from Dublin to
Galway, and on the bay of Galway, 4i miles (E.)
from Galway, and 100 miles (W. by S.) from Dub-
lin; containing 7952 inhabitants, of whom 842 are in
the town. Here was an ancient fortress of the Earl
of Clanricarde, who placed it, on the breaking out of
the war in 1641, under the command of Captain Wil-
loughby, who also held the fort of St. Augustine, at
Galway ; and both the.se he surrendered to the Catholic
forces in 1643. The parish comprises 19,339 statute
acres : the land is generally of very good quality ; there
are about 100 acres of bog, and much waste land flooded
in winter, but easily reclaimablc. On the demesne of
Renville is a lead-mine of promising appearance, which
has never been worked ; and there are quarries of excel-
lent limestone. The town comprises 137 houses, and is
well built : it is situated on an inlet of the bay ; and
two miles distant is New Harbour, where there is a
quay, with good anchorage. A manor court is held
every three weeks, petty-sessions every Thursday ; and
the town is a constabulary police station ; fairs take
412
O UG H
place on May 23rd and Oct. 20th. The seats are,
Menlo Castle, the residence of Sir Valentine Blake,
Bart. ; Renville ; Merlin Park ; and Oran Castle. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam :
the rectory forms part of the union of St. Nicholas, and
of the corps of the wardenship of Galway ; the vicar-
age is in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-
charge is £285. 4., of which £225 are payable to the
warden, and the remainder to the vicar : the glebe,
■which belongs to the warden, comprises 27 statute
acres. The church is a neat building, erected in 1835.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is in the
diocese of Galway, and is the head of a district, com-
prising this parish and that of Ballinacourty, in each of
which is a chapel. At Murrough are the ruins of an
ancient round tower, of which about 40 feet remain : in
the interior there appear to be courses of stone, on
which to rest the timbers of a floor. Ruins of the
castle of Oran also exist. Oranmore gives the title of
Baron to the family of Browne, of Castlemacgarret.
OREGAN. — See Rosenallis.
ORITOR, a village, in the parish of Kildress, union
of CooKSTOWN, barony of Dungannon, county of Ty-
rone, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (W.) from
Cookstown, and on the road from Omagh to Belfast ;
the population is returned with the parish. Fairs are
held on the 2nd Wednesday in July, Aug. 3rd, Oct.
10th, and the 3rd Wednesday in Nov., for cattle, sheep,
and pigs. A court for the manor of Oritor is held on
the first Monday in each month, for the recovery of
debts under 40i\ : its jurisdiction extends over 12 town-
lands in the parish of Kildress, which were granted by
James I. to the Annesley family, and are now the pro-
perty of Lord Castle-Steuart. Here is a large Presby-
terian meeting-house, erected in 1825.
OSBERSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Naas,
barony of North Naas, coimty of Kildare, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 1 mile (N.) from Naas ; containing,
with part of the village of Salhns, about 518 inhabit-
ants. This place is not known as a parish in the eccle-
siastical divisions, but is considered to form part of that
of Naas, in the diocese of Kildare.
OSSORY.— See Kilkenny.
OUGHTERAGH, Tipperary.— See Outragh.
OUGHTERARD, a village or post-town, in the pa-
rish of KiLCUMMiN, barony of Moycullen, union and
county of Galway, and province of Connaught, IS^
miles (W. N. W.) from Galway, and 1 18 (W. by N.) from
Dublin, on the coach-road from Galway to Clifden ;
containing 7 18 inhabitants. This place is beautifully
situated on Lough Corrib, and is intersected by a river
which, descending from a neighbouring mountain, and
rushing over a mass of rocks above the town, forms a
picturesque waterfall. The river appears to have had
originall)- a subterraneous source, the limestone rock
projecting over the stream for about 100 yards in
length, in the form of a broken arch. The pearl-muscle
is found in this river, with, sometimes, pearls of large
size. Here are infantry barracks, at present unoccu-
pied, for 7 officers and 142 non-commissioned officers
and privates, with stabling for three horses. A chief
constabulary police force, and a party of the revenue
police, are stationed here ; and a receiving-house for
letters is in connexion with Galway and Clifden. The
town is much frequented by invalids for its chalybeate
O UG H
O U T 11
spa; the well, however, is but indifferently constructed, and
little care is taken to secure it from admixture with the
water of the mountain stream. About a mile from the
town, a fine quarry of black marble has been opened,
and is worked by the proprietor of the estate ; the
marble is of the same quality as that of Menlough and
Merlin Park : there is another quarry of the same mar-
ble in the neighbourhood. Two miles from the town,
the road to Galway passes over a natural bridge of
rocks ; and in another place, the river flows under the
castle of Aghenure, which is built on a ledge of lime-
stone rock. This castle, which is nearly two miles from
the town, was anciently a seat of the O'Flaherty family,
and at a later period was inhabited by the Earl of Clan-
ricarde ; it was a place of great strength. The river,
after flowing under it, falls into Lough Corrib. The
parish church, a small neat edifice, and the Roman Ca-
tholic chapel, a handsome building with a steeple, are
situated in the town, in which are also the parochial
school and a dispensary.
OUGHTERARD, a parish, in the union of Naas,
barony of South Salt, county of Kildare, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4 miles (\V. byS.) from Rathcoole,
and on the road from Dubhn to Naas ; containing 460
inhabitants, andcomprising'2919^ statute acres. In the ec-
clesiastical divisions it is not known as a separate parish,
but is enumerated as a townland in the parish of Kill,
in the diocese of Kildare ; the tithe rent-charge is pay-
able to the vicar of that parish. Here are the ruins of
a small church, rebuilt in 1609 on the site of a chantry
of great antiquity ; under the west end is an ancient
crypt, now used as the cemetery of the family of Pon-
souby, of Bishops-court, in this county. In its vicinity
are the remains of a round tower, on a steep hill ; the
doorway is formed by a circular arch 10 feet from the
ground, and 10 feet higher on the south side is a window
of the same shape and dimensions : from the summit
is obtained an extensive prospect, including the promon-
tory of Howth.
OUGHTERLEAGUE, or Aughterleigh, (hkewise
called Bill) a parish, in the union of Cashel, partly in
the barony of Clanwilliam, but chiefly in the barony
of Lower Kilnemanagh, county of Tipperarv, and
province of Munster, 4i miles (N. W.) from Cashel ;
containing 1100 inhabitants. It comprises 26l6 statute
acres, including the fine demesne of KiUeuure Castle ;
and is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel,
forming part of the union of Ballintemple : the tithe
rent-charge is £104. lu the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
parish of Ballintemple : in each is a chapel.
OUGIITMANNA, or Oughtmama, a parish, iu the
union of Ennistymon, barony of Bvrre.n, county of
Clare, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S.) from
Burren ; containing '2075 inhabitants. It is chiefly
situated on the confines of the county of Galway ; but
two detached portions, forming the headlands called
respectively Aughnish Point and Finvarra Point, are
situated on Galway bay : on each of these points is a
martello tower. The parish comprises 9843^ statute
acres, a large portion of which consists of rocky moun-
tain pasture : sea weed is in general use for manuring
the parts in tillage. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Kilfenora, forming part of the union of Kil-
corney and of the corps of the chancellorship of Kilfe-
413
nora : the tithe rent-charge is £90. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Abbey. On the border of a lough are the ruins of Tur-
lough Castle, of which no account is extant.
OULART, a town or village, in the parish of Mil-
LENAGH, union of En.mscorthy, barony of Ballagh-
KEEN, county of Wexford, and province of Leinster,
6i miles (E.) from Enniscorthy, and on the road from
Gorey to Wexford ; containing '283 inhabitants. Dur-
ing the disturbances of 1798, a large body of the insur-
gents encamped on Oulart hill, on Sunday, the 27th of
May ; and on the same morning a detachment of the
North Cork militia, consisting of 110 chosen men,
commanded by Lieut.-Col. Foote, marched from Wex-
ford, and attacked the insurgents on the south side of
the hill. The rebels fled at the first onset, and were
pursued at full speed by the militia ; but the latter
being flushed with their success, neglected to preserve
any order in the pursuit. While the insurgents were
endeavouring to escape on the north side of the hill,
they were informed that a body of cavalry from Gorey
was advancing to cut off their retreat ; upon which,
turning round on their pursuers, who had nearly
reached the summit of the hill almost breathless and
in disorder, they charged them with their pikes, and
destroyed the whole detachment, with the exception
only of the Lieut. -Colonel, one Serjeant, and three pri-
vates. The town, which in 1841 contained .')3 houses,
is a chief station of the constabulary police, and has a
receiving-house for letters under Enniscorthy. Fairs
are held on Twelfth-day, Shrove-Tuesday, Easter-Mon-
day, Ascension-day, and Michaelmas-day, for cattle,
pigs, and sheep. Oulart gives name to the Roman Ca-
tholic district, comprising the greater part of the parish
of Melina, the whole of Kilnemanagh, the greater part
of Killesk and Kilcormuck, part of Castle-Ellis, and a
small portion of Ballyhuskard ; the chapel adjoins the
town. In the vicinity, but within the limits of the
parish of Kilnemanagh, are a fever hospital and a dis-
pensary, established in 18'27 ; they are under the care
of a physician, who also acts as apothecary, and has a
residence rent-free, with a salary of £100 per annum.
OUNESCALL.— See Annascall.
OUTRAGH, or Oightragh, a parish, in the union
of MoHiLL, barony of Carrigallen, county of Lei-
trim, and province of Connaught, on the road from
Carrick-on-Shannon to Killesandra ; containing, with
the market and post town of Ballinamore (which is
separately described), 9-55 inhabitants. A small river
runs through the parish, which comprises '21, 689i sta-
tute acres of land, mostly under tillage ; there is a
large quantity of bog, and a considerable mountain
tract. Limestone abounds, of which there are fine
quarries ; and a flagstone-quarry has been opened in
the mountain, where mines are also said to exist. Ge-
neral and petty sessions, and fairs, are held at Ballina-
more. The gentlemen's seats are Clover hill, Rivers-
dale, Willyfield, Kilrush, and Willsbrook. The hving
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore, and in the
patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is appropriate to
the bishopric. The tithe rent-charge is £1S6, payable
to the vicar, by whom £9. 13. 10^. are paid to the
bishop in heu of the rectorial tithes. The glebe-house
was built in 1816, by aid of £100 and a loan of £750,
late currency, from the Board of First Fruits ; the cost
O W N I
of its erection was £1089, the residue having been sup-
plied by the incumbent. The glebe comprises 407i
acres, valued at £'240 per annum ; about 60 acres are
mountain pasture. The church was erected in 17S7 by
parochial assessment ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
recently granted £318 towards its repair. The Roman Ca-
tholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church ; there is a good and spacious chapel in Ballina-
more, and another at Dernasmalan. Here is also a
Methodist meeting-house. A dispensary is supported
in the usual manner, and Mrs. Percy has given £6 per
annum to the poor of the parish.
OUTRAGH, OuGHTERAGH, or OuTRATH, a parish,
in the union of Cashel, barony of Middlethird,
county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 3^
miles (N. by E.) from Cahir, on the road to Cashel ;
containing 554 inhabitants. It comprises 1548 statute
acres. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Lis-
more, episcopally united to that of Mortlestown, and in
the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of
the parish is £69. 4. 6., and of the whole union £181.
14.6.; there is a glebe-house, with a glebe of l^ acres.
About 150 children are educated in a school supported
by Wray Palliser, Esq., and the rector.
OUTRATH, a parish, in the barony of Shille-
logher, union and county of Kilkenny, and province
of Leinster, 1^ mile (S.) from Kilkenny; containing
599 inhabitants, and comprising 2050 statute acres. It
is a prebend, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of
the union of Inchiolaghan and of the corps of the chan-
cellorship of Ossory : the tithe rent-charge is £150.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the district of St. Patrick's, and contains the chapel of
Grange.
OVENS. — See Athnowen.
OWENASCALL, or Ounescall. — See Annascall.
OWENDUFFE, or Awinduffe, a parish, in the
union of New Ross, barony of Shelburne, county of
Wexforh, and province of Leinster, 65 miles (S. W.)
from Taghmon, on the road to Ballyhack ; containing
2625 inhabitants. The parish is situated on a stream
called the Awenduffe or Blackwater, which is tributary
to the Bannow or Scar river and separates the baronies
of Shelburne and Shelmalier ; it comprises 7980^
statute acres. At Yoletown are two flour-mills, worked
by the Blackwater ; and there are also two bleach-
greens on the banks of that river. The parish is in the
diocese of Ferns, and is an impropriate cure, forming
part of the union of Tintern : the rectory is impropriate
in the family of Boyse, to whom the tithe rent-charge,
£255, is payable. The church is in ruins. In the
Roman Catholic divisions also the parish is in the dis-
trict of Tintern : it contains a chapel, which is nume-
rously attended.
OWEY, or Wye, an island, in the parish of Tem-
plecroan, union of Glenties, barony of Boylagh,
county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 5 miles
(N.) from Rutland ; containing 94 inhabitants. It
forms one of the group of islands called the Rosses,
situated off the north-western coast, and comprises 301^
statute acres. The highest point is 340 feet above the
sea.
OWNING, or Beaulieu, also called Bewley, a
parish, in the union of Carrick-on-Suir, barony of
IvERK, county of Kilkenny, and province of Lein-
414
O Y ST
STER, 44 miles (N.) from Carrick-on-Suir, and near the
confines of the county of Tipperary ; containing 1352
inhabitants, and comprising 4030 statute acres. The
village comprises about 12 houses. The parish is in
the diocese of Ossorj', the rectory being one of the four
denominations constituting the union of Fiddown : the
tithe rent-charge is £135. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Owning forms part of the district of Temple-
orum, and contains a chapel. Some schools are sup-
ported in the parish.
OWREGARE, or Uregare, a parish, in the union
of KiLMALLOCK, partly in the barony of Small County,
but chiefly in that of Coshma, county of Limerick,
and province of Munster, 2 miles (S.) from Bruff, and
on the road from Limerick to Kilmallock ; containing
1903 inhabitants. This place, in I66O, was the scene
of an obstinate and severe skirmish between the cele-
brated Pierce Lacy and a detachment of the English
garrison of Kilmallock, which had pursued him to this
place, where he was defeated and many of his followers
slain. The parish comprises 4844 statute acres, chiefly
under tillage, with some large tracts of meadow and
pasture ; the soil is fertile and the system of agriculture
improved. The principal seats are Greenpark, the
Cottage, Owregare House, Miltown, and Ballincolloe.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick, and
in the patronage of the Earl of Buckinghamshire ; the
rectorial tithes are impropriate in the Grady family.
The tithe rent-charge is £288. 18., of which two-thirds
are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to
the vicar. The church is in ruins ; the Protestant
parishioners attend the church of BrufF. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the union of
Dromin, and partly in that of Bruff. Near the ruins
of the church, of which the foundations only now exist,
are the extensive remains of the castle of Ballygre-
nane, the once splendid residence of the De Lacy family,
and now the property of Lord Carbery ; and near the
southern extremity of the parish is Bulgadine Hall,
also the property of that nobleman, but in a neglected
and ruinous condition. Within ten yards of Owregare
House, two skeletons of unusually large size were dis-
covered in digging. Admiral Sir Edward Nagle was a
native of this place.
OYLGATE, a village, in the parish of Edermine,
union of Enniscorthy, barony of Ballaghkeen,
county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 4;^
miles (S.) from Enniscorthy, on the mail-road to Wex-
ford ; containing 25 houses, and 115 inhabitants. Fairs
for cattle are held on March 1st, May 21st, and Aug.
1 5th. Here is the principal Roman Catholic chapel of
the district, which was recently rebuilt ; and adjoining
it, a residence for the parish priest and a school-house
have been erected by subscription.
OYSTER ISLAND, in the parish of Killaspic-
BROWN, barony of Upper Carbery, union and county
of Sligo, and province of Connaught, 5 miles (N. N. W.)
from Sligo : the population is returned with the parish.
It is situated in the Pool of Sligo, and comprises 33
statute acres ; it is remarkable for the purity of its
herbage, and for restoring diseased cattle. Its ancient
name was Inishroras ; and it is enumerated among the
lands granted by Charles II. to the Earl of Strafford,
and Thomas Radcliff, Esq., in 1666. On the island are
two lighthouses, north and south.
PAIN
PACE-KILBRIDE.— See Kilbride-Pilate.
PAINSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Carlow,
partly in the barony of Kilkea and Moone, county of
KiLDARE, but chiefly in the barony and county of
Carlow, and province of Leinster, 1| mile (N.) from
Carlow, on the road to Athy, and on the river Barrow ;
containing '20'2 inhabitants. This parish comprises
21434 statute acres, under a highly improved system of
agriculture : there is no bog. The Barrow navigation
affords great facility for the transmission of goods to
Waterford and Dublin ; and the Carlow railway runs
through the parish. Oak Park, the seat of Colonel
Bruen, is more particularly noticed in the article on the
town of Carlow. The living is an impropriate cure, in
the diocese of Leighlin, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the rectory is appropriate to the dean and
chapter of Leighlin. The tithe rent-charge is £66. 15.,
of which £34. 10. are payable to the dean and chapter,
and the remainder to the impropriate curate. A very
handsome church is now in course of erection in the
demesne of Oak Park, by Colonel Bruen ; meanwhile,
divine service is performed in a private house licensed
for the purpose. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Carlow. There are
ruins of a church and a burial-ground, on the town-
land of Painstown ; and the ruins of a church at Du-
ganstown.
PAINSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Navan,
barony of Lower Duleek, county of Meath, and
province of Leinster, 2 miles (S. \V.) from Slane, and
on the road from Trim to Drogheda, by Navan ; con-
taining 1 1'if inhabitants. This parish is bounded, in
the northern portion, by the river Boyne, and comprises
3511 statute acres : the land is of good quality, nearly
equally divided between tillage and pasture ; there is no
waste land, and only about 50 acres of bog, at Horses-
town. Copper exists, but has not been worked for
some years ; and there are quarries of building-stone.
Beaupark, the spacious and elegant mansion of Gustavus
Lambart, Esq., is situated on very elevated ground,
overlooking the river Boyne, and commanding a view
of some richly varied scenery ; the grounds are cele-
brated both for natural and artificial beauty ; the
demesne contains about 300 Irish acres. DoUardstown
is also a spacious mansion, the property of Sir W.
Meredyth Somerville, Bart., and formerly a seat of the
Meredyth family. Seneschalstown is the property of
the Aylmer family ; Tersington is the seat of T. Rus-
sell, Esq. In 1546, license was granted to the bishop
and clergy of Meath to alienate for ever the advowson
of Painstown, reserving to the bishop and his successors
out of the rectory a yearly pension of £20 : the living
is a rectory, in the diocese of IMeath, united by act of
council, in leS'i, to the rectory of Ardmulcban, and in
the patronage of the Crowu and the Bishop, the former
having one, and the latter two turns. The tithe rent-
charge of the parish is £'207. 13. 11. late Irish cur-
rency ; and the entire value of the benefice, before the
passing of the Rent-charge act, was £563. 9. The
415
PALL
glebe-honse is close to the church, and wa.s built in
1810, at a cost of £1^60, of which £100 were a gift,
and £6'25 a loan, from the late Board of First Fruits,
the residue having been supplied by the incumbent.
The glebe of the union comprises 23 acres, valued at
£32. 13. per annum, but subject to a rent of £27. 13.
The church is an old but very neat edifice, with a hand-
some tower ; in 1823, a gallery was erected at the west
end, and the steeple was roofed and repaired, by aid of
a loan of £400 from the Board. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Black-
lion, and has a chapel at Yellow Furze, a neat modern
structure. ^
PALATINETOWN, a hamlet, in the parish of
Urglin, union, barony, and county of Carlow, and
province of Leinster, 2y miles (N. E.) from Carlow,
on the road to Castiedermot ; containing about S8 in-
habitants. It is said to derive its name from a colony
of German refugees, who were driven from their native
country, and settled here, in the reign of Louis XIV.
The Right Hon. B. Burton obtained a patent for four
fairs, of which that on the 26th of March is the only
one at present held. A constabulary police force is
stationed in the village.
PALLASGREINE, Pallasgreane, or Pallas
green, a town or village, in the parish of Greane,
union of Tipperary, barony of Coonagh, county of
Limerick, and province of Munster, 13 miles (S. E.)
from Limerick, and near the new mail-road from Lime-
rick to Tipperary; containing 201 inhabitants. In
1841 it comprised 37 houses, the whole of which are
small thatched buildings, with the exception of Pallas
House, at the head of the village. In the northern part
of the parish is a sub-post ofhce to Limerick and Clon-
mel. Three small fairs are held in the year. The old
parochial church is near the village ; and at Nicker, in
the vicinity, is the principal chapel of the Roman Ca-
tholic district of Pallasgreine, which also contains the
chapel of Templebredin.
PALLASKENRY (formerly called Newmarket),
a market and post town, in the parish of Cbapel-
Russell, union of Rathkeale, barony of Kenry,
county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 12
miles (W.) from Limerick, and 103|- (S. W.) from Dub-
lin ; containing "83 inhabitants. This town, which is
one of the most improving in the county, is situated on
the road from Limerick to the quay of Ringmoylan, and
on the lower road from the same city to Castletown ;
and comprises 149 houses, a great number of which are
well built and slated. Petty-sessions are held once
a fortnight: it has a post-oflice under Limerick and
Tipperary ; is a chief constabulary police station ; and
contains the dispensary for the bsirony, which has a
resident physician and is open daily. The market, held
on Thursday, is well attended, and amply supplied
with provisions. The linen manufacture was formerly
carried on to a great extent ; there was a large bleach-
green near the tovs-n ; and though the population is
chiefly engaged in agriculture, yet flax-dressing, spinning,
and linen-weaving still give employment to many of the
inhabitants. The spirit of industry has been power-
fully excited latterly by an institution called the Castle-
town and Chapel-Russell Loan Fund, now removed
from the town to Castletown by its founder, the Rev.
William Waller. It was commenced in 1823, by means
PALM
PAR
of a fund of £^18 subscribed by the Earl of Charle-
ville, the County of Limerick Trustees, the London
Committee, the Irish-Peasantry Society, and the County
of Limerick Ladies' Committee. The fund is lent out
in small portions, sometimes in money, but more fre-
quently in wool, flax, and implements for manufacture,
such as wheels, reels, and looms ; and is repaid by
weekly instalments, in which the manufactured goods
are taken at a liberal valuation. In seasons of scarcity
provisions are issued, and articles for clothing and
bedding occasionally. In consequence of the judicious
management of the trustees, it appears that, at the end
of the first thirteen years, a profit of £76 accrued from
it ; and the habits of those for whose benefit it has been
so successfully carried on, have been much improved.
The new and elegant parish church stands at a short
distance eastward ; and in the town is a small but very
neat meeting-house belonging to the Wesleyan Metho-
dists. Not far distant are the ruins of the castle of
Pallaskenry, originally built by the O'Donovans, but for
many generations in the possession of the Fitzgeralds.
In a quarry near the town was found an ancient silver
bodkin, weighing 5oc. '2rfr., now in the possession of Sir
Vere Edmond de Vere, Bart. ; and in 1S34, part of a
golden fibula, weighing 3oz., was discovered in a drain
near the church. Numerous petrifactions have been
found in a stream which flows through Currah and
Hollypark wood, and also in the neighbourhood of
Droniore lake, about a mile from the town.
PALMERSTOWN, NORTH, a parish, in the union
of Balrothery, barony of Balrothery West, county
of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 11 miles (N. by
W.) from Dublin ; containing 28.5 inhabitants, and com-
prising 1580f statute acres. Good building-stone is
found. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Dublin ; the rectory is appropriate to the
vicars-choral of the cathedral of Dublin, and the vicar-
age forms part of the union and corps of the prebend of
Clonmethan : of the tithe rent-charge, amounting to
£101. ,')., two-thirds are payable to the vicars-choral,
and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is part of the district of Rollestown.
Some remains of the church still exist.
PALMERSTOWN, SOUTH, a parish, in the South
Dublin union, barony of Uppercross, county of Dub-
lin, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (W.) from
Dublin, on the road to Lucan, and on the river Liffey ;
containing 1411 inhabitants, of whom 201 are in the
village. It comprises 1517f statute acres. Near the
village, which is irregularly built, and in which the
dwellings are of an humble character, was an hospital
for lepers, previously to the Reformation. At the
commencement of the present century here were ex-
tensive printing-works, large iron-works, oil and dye
stuff mills, and wash-mills : lead and copper works
have been established for 25 years ; there are cotton-
mills employing about 120 persons, and a flour-mill on
the Liffey, which river bounds the parish on the north.
A fair for the sale of cattle and horses takes place on
Aug. 21st. The city police have a station near Chapeli-
zod bridge. Palmerstown House, erected by the Right
Hon. John Hely Hutchinson, secretary of state for
Ireland, and provost of Trinity College, Dublin, and
now the seat of his grandson, the Earl of Donoughmore,
is a spacious mansion on elevated ground, commanding
416
most extensive and rich views ; besides which, there are
several pleasing villas, including Riversdale, Brook
Lawn, Palmerstown, and Bellgrove. The parish is a
rectory, in the diocese of Dublin, forming part of the
union of Chapelizod : the tithe rent-charge is £127. 10.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the union of Lucan, Palmerstown, and Clondalkin, and
contains a chapel ; the priest is rural dean over his own
union and those of Maynooth, Celbridge, and Saggard.
On the tovvnland of Irishtown are the remains of an old
castle, clothed with ivy, near which coins and bullets
have been found ; and at Cruise river, a battle is said to
have been fought between the Danes and the Irish.
The parish gives the title of Viscount Palmerston to the
family of Temple.
PARIS, LITTLE, an island, in the parish of Trory,
union of Enniskillen, barony of Lurg, county of Fer-
managh, and province of Ulster ; containing 9 in-
habitants. It is situated in Lough Erne.
PARK-GATE, a village, in the parish of Donegore,
barony of Upper Antrim, union and county of Antrim,
and province of Ulster, 4^ miles (E.) from Antrim;
containing about 35 houses and 162 inhabitants. It is
a station of the constabulary police ; petty-sessions are
held on alternate Tuesdays ; and fairs on the 7th of Feb.,
May, and Aug., and on the 4th of November.
PARSONSTOWN, or Birr, a market and post-town,
a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony of Bal-
LYBRiTT, King's county, and province of Leinster, 18
miles (S. W.) from Tullamore, and 60 (W. S. W.) from
Dublin, on the road from Tullamore to Roscrea ; con-
taining 9567 inhabitants, of whom 6336 are in the town.
The place derived its name of Birr from the abbey of
Biorra, founded here by St. Brendan Luaigneus ; or from
Bior, the Irish term for the bank or margin of a river.
It constituted part of the ancient district of Ely
O'Carrol in Ormond, in Munster ; and did not form
any portion of the King's county as at first erected into
shire ground in the reign of Philip and Mary, being
annexed to it under an inquisition of the 2nd of
James I. The castle of Birr was considered to be the
chief seat of the O Carrols, chieftains of the sept. A
great battle was fought in the vicinity, in 241, between
Cormac, son of Conn of the Hundred Battles, and the
people of Munster : the place suffered much from the
ravages of the Danes in 841 and 842 ,•« and in 1154,
O'Hedersgool, King of Cathluighe, was killed at the
church-door.
Soon after the English invasion, Henry II. granted this
district to Philip de Worcester and Theobald Fitzwalter,
subsequently to which he sold it to De Braosa and
others : it was afterwards transferred to Hugh de Hose
or Hussey, in which family it continued till the time of
James I. In 1533, Gerald, Earl of Kildare, then lord-
deputy, laid siege to the castle, in support of Fergana-
inim O'Carrol, his son-in-law ; but soon raised the siege,
in consequence of a wound received from one of the
garrison. Lord Grey, when lord-deputy, took the castle
in 1537; and one of the charges against him, which led
to his execution, was, that he had sanctioned the out-
rages committed by Fcrganainim O'Carrol. This chief-
tain eventually surrendered his territory to Edward VI.,
who restored it to him with the addition of the dignity
of Baron of Ely during life. In the proceedings under
the commission for the plantation of Ely O'Carrol, in
PARS
PARS
the reign of James I., Birr and its appendages were as-
signed to Lawrence Parsons, brother of Sir WiMiam
Parsons, the surveyor-general, in 16'20 ; and, as in the
grant the place is described as the castle, fort, village,
and lands of Birr, it must have been of some importance.
In the same year the new proprietor obtained a licence
to hold a market on Tuesday, and two fairs ; and, seven
years after, a licence for a Saturday market and two ad-
ditional fairs. The assizes for the county used to be
held here at that period.
On the breaking out of the war of 1641, William
Parsons was made governor of Ely O'Carrol and Birr
Castle, which latter he garrisoned with his own tenantry.
The next year, an engagement took place between the
garrison and the sept of the OCarrols ; and in the same
year, 164'2, the castle was besieged by the Irish, but was
relieved by Sir Charles Cootc, who threw into it a sup-
ply of ammunition and provisions. This action was
deemed so important that it procured for Sir Charles
the dignity of Earl of Mountrath. But the following year
the place fell into the hands of General Preston, com-
mander of the forces of the confederate Catholics in
Leinster, who kept possession of it until it was taken by
Ircton in 1650 ; and a subsequent attempt by the Mar-
quess of Clanricarde, to recover it for the king, was
baffled by the approach of Colonel Axtell. At the time
of the Restoration, it seems that the place was of some
commercial importance, from the number of brass tokens
then coined for the convenience of trade. In the war of
16S8, the castle was again besieged by Colonels Grace
and Oxburgh, and surrendered on terms which after-
wards were made grounds of accusation against Sir
Laurence Parsons, the governor; he was found guilty
of high treason, but received a pardon after several re-
prieves. At this period. Birr is mentioned by Sir William
Petty as sending two members to parliament. In 1689,
the Roman Catholic clergymen took possession of the
church, tithes, and glebe, which they held till the battle
of the Boyne. In 1690, the castle was besieged by
General Sarsfield, the Duke of Berwick, and Lord
Galway ; but the siege was raised by Sir John Lanier
for King William. A meeting of delegates from
several volunteer corps was held here in 1781, and again
in \'82, at which strong resolutions were passed relative
to the great questions which then absorbed public at-
tention. In 1799, a meeting of magistrates, convened to
petition against the legislative union, was dispersed by
the high sheri6F and a body of artillery with three pieces
of cannon ; for which that functionary, and the com-
mander of the military, were brought to the bar of the
house of commons on the motion of Sir Laurence Par-
sons, when, instead of punishment, they received a vote
of thanks for their conduct.
Parsonstown, the name by which the place was
called so early as the reign of Charles I., is pleasantly
situated on the Birr river, formerly called Comcor, a
branch of the Lesser Brosna ; is well built ; and in-
habited by some wealthy and many respectable families.
It is also the centre of a fertile and extensive district,
whence it draws large quantities of agricultural produce
to be distributed in other parts, sending into it in re-
turn the foreign articles required by the inhabitants.
Archbishop Ussher says, that Birr was considered the
centre of Ireland ; and Sir William Petty, in his sur-
vey, marks the church with the words " Umbilicus
Vol. II.— 417
Hiberniae :" it is in 5.S'' 6' 16" (N. Lat.), and '° 38' 23"
( W. Lon.) ; its geocentric latitude is 5'2° ,55' 30" (North).
It is the largest town in the county, consisting of 1 103
houses ; and rose to the highly improved state in which
it now is chiefly during the period in which the late pro-
prietor, the second earl of Rosse, superintended its pro-
gress. The principal streets, formed of modern houses
and laid out in straight lines, terminate in Duke-square,
in which is a statue of the Duke of Cumberland, on a
Doric pillar 55 feet high, set up in 1*47. ii» commemo-
ration of his victory at Culloclen. The castle, situated
at one side of the town, may l)c said to have been rebuilt
by the Parsons family : the centre of the building, which
■was consumed by an accidental fire in 1832, has been
restored and improved.
About 60 years since, a brisk trade was carried on
here in woollens, which gave employment to several
hundred weavers and combers. At present, the trade
is principally confined to two distilleries, each producing
about 95,000 gallons of spirits annually ; but a great
variety of minor manufactures is carried on. There was
also formerly an extensive manufacture of glass, of which
the only remains are the ruins of the glass-house. A
branch of the Provincial Bank has been established. In
the excise arrangements the town is within the district
of Maryborough. The market is well supplied with pro-
visions of good quality ; the fairs are held on Feb. 11th,
May 5th, Aug. 'ioth, and Dec. 10th. Large quantities of
corn, flour, spirits, butter, cattle, sheep, and pigs are
sold here ; and in return, timber, iron, drapery, gro-
ceries, coal, and most other articles of domestic con-
sumption, are brought in, for the supply of the district.
The want of water-carriage to facilitate the conveyance
of commodities, is severely felt : apian has consequently
been proposed, to form a navigation along the valley of
the Brosna from Croghan bridge, about half a mile be-
low the town, to the Shannon, from which river the
Brosna is navigable for two miles, for the largest barges ;
thence the line is proposed to be carried by a still-water
navigation until the channel of the river can be again
made available, at about 2^ miles below Parsonstown.
The sessions-house consists of a hall, a court, and offices
for transacting business : at one end of it is the bride-
well, the only one in the county ; it has two day-rooms,
nine cells, and two airing-yards. General-sessions for
the county are held here in rotation with Tullamore and
Philipstown four times in the year ; and petty-sessions
occasionally. A manor court, under a seneschal ap-
pointed by the Earl of Rosse, is also held ; and the
town is a chief constabulary police station. There are
a fever hospital, and a dispensary. A reading-room is
well supplied with newspapers and periodicals, and in
the centre of the town is an observatory, belonging to
Thomas L. Cooke, Esq. The barracks, which are about
an English mile distant, have accommodations for 48
officers of infantry, 1110 privates, and 15 horses, with
an hospital : the building consists of two large squares,
and attached is an area for exercise.
The parish, which comprises 'IX'i statute acres, does
not present any striking features of fertihty or improve-
ment : the principal seats are, Ballyegan, a splendid
residence ; Tinnakilly ; Oakley Park ; and Elm Hall.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Killaloe, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £207. 14. The glebe-house, in the town,
3 H
PART
PASS
was built in 1826, by aid of a gift of £300 and a loan of
£500 from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe com-
prises 25 acres, rent free. The church, erected in 1S15,
by a loan of £5000 from the Board, and £3000 raised
by assessment, is a stone edifice in the pointed style of
architecture, with a steeple 100 feet high. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish, which is still called Birr,
is part of the bishop's mensal, and the head of a district
. comprising also the parish of Longhkeen. Each of the
parishes has a chapel : that at Birr is a splendid edifice
in the later English style, having two minarets and a
steeple 150 feet high, with a fine bell; it is the cathe-
dral of the diocese. There are three other places of
worship ; one for the Society of Friends, one for Wes-
leyans, and one for Presbyterians : that of the Wesley-
ans, erected in IS'20, is a handsome building with a
well-executed pediment of hewn stone. The walls and
steeple of the old church are still standing ; on the latter
is a sculpture in stone of the arms of Sir L. Parsons,
who died in 1628, impaled with those of his lady, Anne
Malham. The union workhouse, on a site of 6f acres
purchased for £415. 16., was completed in 1841 at a
cost of £6900, and is constructed for 800 inmates.
Many curious relics of antiquity have been found in
the neighbourhood of this parish ; a collection of which,
consisting of swords, spears, skeins, celts, and the Bar-
naan Cuilawn found at Glankeen, are in the possession
of Mr. Cooke, who has also a number of the brass
tokens already noticed. Some instances of extraordi-
nary longevity have been recorded ; one person is named
who lived to the age of 114 years. At Clonbela, about
2| miles from the town, is a mineral spring. Lord
Rosse, who devotes much time and thought to studies
connected with astronomy and other branches of science,
has a laboratory, with machinery for polishing the
largest specula for telescopes, by means of which he
constructed a 25 -feet reflector, the great speculum of
which is 35 feet in diameter. The telescope stands on
the lawn in front of Birr Castle, and is moved by ma-
chinery somewhat similar in principle to that of Her-
schel's celebrated telescope, but simpler in construction,
which also is the invention of his lordship. Mr. Cooke
has a seven-feet reflector, equatorially mounted on a
cast-metal pillar in a very simple manner. Some docu-
ments and MS. accounts relative to the wars of 1641
and 1688 are in the possession of the Earl of Rosse. A
" history and description" of Parsonstown was pub-
Ushed in 1826 : the work is anonymous, but is supposed
to have been written by Mr. Cooke.
PARSONSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Dro-
GHEDA, barony of Ferrard, county of Louth, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Dunleer ; con-
taining 237 inhabitants. It is situated on the eastern
coast, and comprises .524 statute acres, some of which
is good land, but the remainder consists of a cold tena-
cious clay. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh,
constituting part of the union of Dunany ; the rectory
is impropriate in the Marquess of Drogheda : the tithe
rent-charge is £36. 9., of which £22 are payable to the
impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the
Roman Cathohc divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Rathdrummin, or Clogher.
PARTICLES, a parish, in the union of Kilmallock,
barony of Costlea, county of Limerick, and province
of Munster, 5 miles (S.) from Kilmallock, on the road
418
to Kildorrery ; containing 2431 inhabitants. This
place derives its name from particles or parts of several
religious foundations of which it was formed ; these are
the townlands of Down Gadmond, Down Innish, Cha-
pel Martel, and Ineycahal, which, prior to the Reforma-
tion, belonged respectively to the abbeys of Buttevant,
Kilmallock, Manister-Nenagh, and Adare, to which they
had been given at a very early period by the family of
O'Kelly, or O'Hely. The village of Glanasheen, in this
parish, was built by a colony of Palatines brought
hither in I769, from Lord Southwell's settlement at
Rathkeale, by Silver Oliver, Esq., by whom also the
surrounding country was greatly improved. The de-
scendants of these colonists are still in possession of
their farms ; but these have been so frequently subdi-
vided, that the tenants are becoming very poor.
The parish is situated among the Castle Oliver moun-
tains, and extends northward to within four miles of
Kilmallock ; it comprises 8497 statute acres : the soil is
fertile, being based on a substratum of limestone, which
is also found in round nodules, and burnt into lime
both for agricultural and building purposes. The prin-
cipal seat is Sunville, near the hill of Ardpatrick, anci-
ently belonging to the Godsall family. Castle Oliver,
anciently called Castle-na-Doon, originally the residence
of the Roche family, and afterwards of the family of
Fitzharris, became, after the Restoration, the property
of the Olivers, from whom it took its present name ; it
now belongs to the Misses Gascoigne, of the county of
York. The estate, including the demesne and park,
comprises 20,000 acres ; and a new and splendid castle
is in course of erection. At Sunville is a very extensive
flour-mill, with machinery of the most improved de-
scription, producing 3000 barrels of flour annually, and
affording employment to a part of the inhabitants, the
rest of whom are wholly employed in agricultural pur-
suits. A constabulary police force is stationed near the
village. The living is a curacy, in the diocese of Lis-
more, instituted in 1835, and endowed with £75 per
annum by~ the dean and chapter of Limerick, to whom
the rectory was appropriated by charter of Charles II.,
in 1674, as part of the economy fund of the cathedral :
the tithe rent-charge is £242. 9. Divine service is re-
gularly performed in a school-house. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of
Kilfinane. On the summit of the high grounds of
Chapel Martel is a circular inclosure having "the appear-
ance of a military station, within which it is said that a
converted Dane founded a chapel, afterwards giving it,
■with the adjoining lands, to the abbey of Buttevant.
From the summit of the hill above the village of Glana-
sheen is a very interesting prospect, embracing every
county in Munster ; on one of the smaller hills in the
centre of the group is a small gate- way tower, erected
by Silver Oliver, Esq.
PASSAGE, EAST, a small maritime town, in the
parish of Kill-St.-Nicholas, barony of Gaultier,
union and county of Waterford, and province of
Munster, 6 miles (E.) from Waterford, in connexion
with which city it has a receiving-house for letters;
containing 624 inhabitants. When Perkin Warbeck
abandoned the siege of Waterford, in 1497, he embarked
at this place for Cork. A fort here, which commanded
the passage up the harbour, was taken in 1649 by a
party of Cromwell's troops, on commencing the siege of
PASS
P A T R
Waterford ; the serious inconvenience this produced to
the besieged caused Ferral, the governor, to attempt the
recovery of the place, but his forces were repulsed by a
large body of Cromwell's army. In 1663, the Duke of
Ormonde was made governor of the port and town of
Passage for life. The town contains 11 '2 houses, and is
situated on a narrow piece of low land between the river
Suir and a lofty precipitous hill ; it is a constabulary
police station, and the parish church stands on the
summit of a hill here. A block-house mounted with
several great gutis, and commonly under the command
of the governor of Duncannon Fort, about a league dis-
tant, on the Wexford side of the river, formerly stood
where the old pier or mole now is. The river affords
commodious shelter -.nd anchorage to vessels of large
burthen, and the town is now progressively improving.
Here is a Roman Catholic chapel, situated in part of the
parish of Crook ; also a school.
PASSAGE, WEST, a sea-port and post-town, partly
in the parish of Monkstown, and partly in that of
Marmcllane, barony of Kerrycurrihy, union and
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 5^ miles
(E. S. E.) from Cork, and 13 '.i (S. W. by S.) from Dub-
lin, on the western shore of the estuary of the Lee ; con-
taining 1721 inhabitants. The period of the extension
and improvement of Passage, which is not even men-
tioned in Smith's History of Cork, is uncertain : the
cause, however, is sufficiently obvious in its excellent
and sheltered situation, just at the termination of the
deep harbour ; in its great salubrity ; and in its being
the only direct communication between Cork and Cove,
to each of which places it has a sub-post office. It
■owes much of its importance to W. Parker, Esq. ; but
this spirited gentleman having engaged in foreign specu-
lations, and for a time removed to the Cape of Good
Hope, the place remained stationary until a few years
since, when further improvements vrere effected under
the active exertions of Thomas Parsons Boland, Esq.,
proprietor of the western portion of the town, the late
Mr. Michael Wallis, and Messrs. Brown and Co. To
the fostering care of these gentlemen, from an incon-
siderable village. Passage has become a mercantile town,
much frequented during the summer for the fine air and
sea-bathing. The town comprises one principal street,
near a mile long, extending along the shore, and inter-
sected by several smaller streets and lanes, which are
mostly in a very dirty state. It contains '2S5 houses ;
the parish church of Marmullane, a Weslcyan Methodist
meeting-house, and a Roman Catholic chapel erected in
1832, a commodious and handsome building ; five
schools ; and a dispensary. Petty-sessions are held
every Friday, and the place is a constabulary police
station. Its salubrity is attested by the longevity of
the inhabitants ? it is said to be no uncommon circum-
stance for people of SO years of age to be in rude health,
and earning their livelihood by labour ; few have suf-
fered during the visitation of contagious diseases ; and,
out of a large population, during the prevalence of cho-
lera, in 1S3'2, only 60, and those very aged and infirm,
were afflicted.
A large dry-dock has been constructed by Mr. Brown,
by which it is expected that the trade, which principally
consists in ship-building, will increase considerably ;
much employment is also afforded to the labouring
classes by the discharging of the cargoes of all large
419
vessels bound for Cork, the river up to Cork not being
navigable for those of above 400 or .500 tons' burthen.
The ferry to Great Island and Cove is at the eastern
extremity of the town, and the traffic during the sum-
mer months is very great : the want of a steam-boat to
transport passengers and carriages having been much
felt, the St. George's Steam-Packet Company lately
built a very elegant pier, under the direction of Mr.
G. R. Pain, of Cork, where their packets can lie along-
side in all weathers, and discharge pa.ssengers or cargoes
at all times, even during the lowest ebb tide. At the
cjuays adjoining the dry-dock, the largest ships can lie in
safety ; or they can anchor in the channel in 20 fathoms
of water. Connected with this dock is a ship-building
establishment, where two or three vessels are always on
the stocks, furnishing employment to a great number of
men. Near the Ferry point is a rope-walk, with suit-
able buildings and machinery. In consequence of the
establishment of this dock and ship-yard, several jpirited
merchants of Cork have become ship-owners, and now
carry on in their own vessels an extensive trade which,
before, was principally done by strange ships. Spring
tides rise 16 feet at the quay.
The intercourse between this place and Cove is kept
up by the ferry ; on the other side of the water is an
excellent level road all the way to Cove, a distance of
two miles. A new line of road has been completed
around the precipitous shores of the bay, leading to
Monkstown. Many boats were formerly employed here
in fishing, which has nearly ceased, being engrossed by
the men of Cove, whence the inhabitants of Passage
obtain their principal supply. Upwards of 200 covered
cars, called jingles, are engaged almost daily in the com-
munication between Passage and Cork ; they carry four
inside, and the charge is 2s. 6(1. for the entire vehicle,
or in proportion for single passengers. A railway to
Cork is now in course of construction. Steam-boats
sail and return several times daily, and small boats con-
stantly pass and repass. A fund has been established
for the support, or assistance, of poor room-keepers,
whose rent is paid, and who receive coal, potatoes, &c.,
during the winter : it is liberally supported by the resi-
dent gentry. — See Marmullane and Monkstown.
PATRICK'S, ST., or Singland, a parish, in the
union of Limerick, chiefly in the barony of Lower
Bunratty, county of Clare, but partly in that of Clan-
wiLLiAM, county of Limerick, and partly in the county
of the city of Limerick, province of Munster, on the
southern bank of the Shannon, and close to the city, a
part of which is within it ; containing 4132 inhabitants.
The Shannon sweeps round the eastern, northern, and
western sides of the parish ; and the small river Groody,
a branch of the preceding river, passes through it. The
extent is 5409 statute acres. The land, which is very
fertile, is chiefly under tillage, and supplies the city with
large quantities of vegetables ; along the banks of the
Groody is a tract of rich meadow, liable, however, to
casualties from floods. On this river are a bleach-
green, a paper-mill, and a flour-mill ; at the salraon-
weir near the Shannon, is a very extensive flour-mill,
which commands the whole water of that river ; and in
the city suburbs is a large brewery. A short canal from
the Abbey river to the Shannon, formed in 17.tS, inter-
sects the parish from west to east. The city water-
works and the county infirmary are in the parish, and
3H2
PE PP
PH I B
there are several very elegant seats, with small but
highly ornamented demesnes ; the principal are Park
House, Corbally House, and Corbally Park.
The living is a rectory and perpetual cure, in the
diocese of Limerick. The rectory was united, at a
period prior to any known record, to the entire rectory
of Cahirvally, the rectory and vicarage of Emly-Grenan,
and the chapelry of Kilquane, which union till lately
constituted the corps of the treasurership of the ca-
thedral of Limerick, in the patronage of the Bishop,
who is also patron of the perpetual cure, which com-
prises the parishes of St. Patrick and Kilquane. Ca-
hirvally and Emly-Grenan, are now unconnected with
the treasurership. The tithe rent- charge of St. Patrick's
parish is £118. The church has been in ruins since
the war of 1641, when it was destroyed together with
an adjoining round tower : the cemetery is used as a
place of burial for Roman Catholics. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising this parish and those of Kilmurry and
Derrygalvin, in which union are two chapels. Singland
was the scene of a battle fought in 943 between the
Munster Irish and the Danes, the latter of whom were
defeated, driven into the town, and forced to pay a
heavy contribution. Cromwell, Ireton, William III.,
and de Ginkell all had their camps and intrenchments
here when they invested Limerick ; military weapons
have consequently been frequently found in the grounds.
Some remains of the ancient military roads from Dublin
and from Cork which passed through the parish are still
traceable. The lands of Singland are held under the
vicars-choral of Limerick by a lease, from which that
body derives httle advantage.
PATRICKS ROCK, ST., county of Tipperary.—
See Cashel.
PATRICK'S WELL, ST., a village, partly in the
parishes of Killelonehan and Mungrett, but chiefly
in that of Kilkeedy, barony of Pubblebrien, union
and county of Limerick, and province of Munster,
6 miles (S. \V.) from Limerick, on the road to Rath-
keale; containing 541 inhabitants. This place derives
its name from a well dedicated to St. Patrick, still held
in great veneration by the peasantry, and over which
has been placed a figure of the tutelar saint, rudely
carved in stone. The village consists of one long irregu-
lar street, and contains 10.5 houses, most of which are
old thatched buildings, and the remainder neat well
built cottages roofed with slate, and of recent erection ;
the mail from Limerick to Tralee passes daily through
it, and a receiving-house for letters in connexion with
the former place has been established. Fairs are held
on Feb. 26th, May ^Sth, June I6th, Oct. 14th and 20th,
and Dec. 18th, principally for cattle and pigs : petty-
sessions are held once a fortnight ; and a constabulary
police force is stationed here. In the neighbourhood are
several large and handsome houses with well-wooded
demesnes, and numerous good farmhouses with thriv-
ing orchards, producing abundance of apples from which
excellent cider is made.
PAWLE ISLAND, in the parish of Killyleagh,
union of Downpatrick, barony of Dufferin, county
of Down, and province of Ulster. It lies in Lough
Strangford, and comprises 49^ acres.
PEPPERSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Cashel,
barony of Middlethird, county of Tipperary, and
420
province of Munster, 2| miles (N. E.) from Fethard ;
containing 1215 inhabitants, and comprising 4*79 statute
acres. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Cashel, forming part of the union of Fethard : the tithe
rent-charge is £1S". 10. The ruins of the church still
remain. The ruined castle of Knockelly, consisting of
a large and nearly perfect square tower of superior ma-
sonry, forms a conspicuous object in the surrounding
scenery : it is encompassed by a strong wall, about 30
feet high, with bastions at the angles ; and part of the
inclosed area is now occupied by a farmhouse. There
is also an ancient fort or moat within the limits of the
parish.
PETER'S, ST., a parish, in the barony of Forth,
union and county of Wexford, and province of I^ein-
ster ; immediately adjoining the town of We.xford, and
containing 1C90 inhabitants, of whom 513 are within
the town. The parish, which comprises 1405 statute
acres, extends in a south-western direction from Wex-
ford towards the mountain of Forth ; the soil is good,
and the system of agriculture much improved. The
principal seats are Great Clonard and Little Clonard,
both embracing fine views of Wexford Harbour : Rose-
ville and Newbay are also in the parish ; and that part
of the town within its limits contains the Franciscan
convent, nunnery, Roman Catholic chapel, Lancasterian
school, fever hospital, and distillery, which are respec-
tively noticed under the head of Wexford. The eccle-
siastical parishes of Kerlogue and Maudlintown have
for all civil purposes long since merged into St. Peter's.
It is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Ferns,
forming part of the union of Wexford ; the rectory is
impropriate in the Earl of Portsmouth, and the tithe
rent-charge is £68. 8., of which £7. 16. are payable
to the impropriator and the remainder to the curate.
There are no remains of the church. In the Roman
Catholic divisions, also, the parish forms part of the
union or district of Wexford. In the demesne of Great
Clonard are the ruins of a castle or tower, near which
Cromwell is said to have had an encampment : various
coins of this period have been found on the spot.
PETTIGOE, a town or village, in the union of
Donegal, partly in the parish of Drumkeeran, barony
of Lurg, county of Fermanagh, but chiefly in the
parish of Templecarne, barony of Tyrhugh, county
of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (W. by
N.) from Kesh, on the road to Ballyshannoa and Done-
gal; containing 616 inhabitants. It is situated on the
united rivers of Pettigoe and Omna, which are here
crossed by two bridges in their course to Lough Erne :
the country around is capable of much improvement,
and some land has been reclaimed of late years. Here
are a station of the constabulary police, and a receiving-
house for letters in connexion with Kesh. Fairs are
held on the 25th of each month, besides which there
are three large markets (called " Marga More") on the
Wednesdays respectively preceding All Saints' day,
Christmas-day, and Lent. The parochial church of
Templecarne, the Roman Catholic chapel, and a meet-
ing-house for Presbyterians, are in the town.
PHIBSBOROUGH, a village, in the new parish of
Grangegorman, union of North Dublin, barony of
CooLOCK, county of Dublin, and province of Lein-
ster, 1 mile (N.) from DubUn, on the road to Navan,
and near the Royal Canal. Here is a neat Roman Ca-
PHIL
PIER
tholic chapel belonging to the district of St. Paul, with
a residence for the chaplain annexed ; also a lending
library.
PHILIPSTOWN, a market and post town (formerly
the assize town of the county, and a parliamentary bo-
rough), in the parish of Killaderry, union of Tulla-
MORE, barony of Lower Philwstown, Kino's county,
and province of Leinster, 7 miles (S. E.) from Tulla-
more, and 47 (S. \V.) from Dublin; containing 1489
inhabitants. This place, the ancient name of which
was Dingan and Killaderry, was the chief scat of the
O'Conors, chieftains of the surrounding district, then
called Otfaly, of which they retained possession until
1546. In that year, Brian O'Conor, having united his
forces with Patrick O'More, chieftain of the neighbour-
ing territory of Lei.x, made an incursion into the county
of Kildare, and burned a great part of Athy, whereupon
Sir William Brabazon, lord-justice of Ireland, caused
them to be proclaimed as traitofs ; marched a large
force into Offaly, which he laid waste with fire and
sword ; and forced O'Conor to take refuge in Con-
naught. Sir William, to secure his newly acquired po.s-
sessions, erected a castle here, the name of which, in
the subsequent reign of Philip and Mary, when the
territories of Offaly and Leix were reduced to shire
ground under the names of the King's and Queen's
counties, was changed from Dingan to Philipstown, in
honour of the king, and the place made the assize town
of the former of these counties. In 1569, it obtained
a charter of incorporation from Elizabeth, which con-
ferred the same liberties and free usages as the town of
Naas enjoyed ; also a Thursday market, and other minor
privileges : this charter was followed by a grant of
lands in the next j'ear. In 16/3, Chief- Justice Bysse
obtained a licence to hold two fairs. Auother charter
granted in the 4th year of James II., conferred on
Philipstown the privilege of returning two members to
parliament. Afterwards, during the war of that period,
it was burned by the same king's troops. At the Union
it was deprived of the right of returning representa-
tives, in consequence of which the borough gradually
declined, until at length the corporate jurisdiction fell
into total desuetude. The act of the 2nd and 3rd of
William IV., by which the assizes were removed from
Philipstown to TuUamore, completely extinguished its
political importance, and reduced it nearly to the rank
of a village.
The TOWN has little to recommend it ; being nearly
surrounded by bog, it is extremely uninteresting. Its
public buildings are, a court-house, formerly the county
court-house, but now used only for holding sessions ; a
prison, until lately the county gaol, erected at the com-
mencement of the present century ; a large cavalry
barrack, containing accommodations for 12 officers,
131 non-commissioned officers and privates, and S'2
horses, with an hospital for 16 patients; the church, a
neat small building ; and a large and handsome Roman
Catholic chapel. The town is paved at the expense of
the county, but is not lighted. The market, which con-
tinues to be held on Thursday, is large and improving.
Fairs are held on Jan. 3rd, March ISth, May l.-)th,
June 14th, Aug. 17th, Oct. ISth, and Dec. 3rd : four
of these, termed the new fairs, from having been in-
stituted about the yesu- 1S20, are held in a part of the
town called Molesworth-streetj so named from Viscount
421
Molesworth, of whose estate the town was formerly a
part. Quarter-sessions are held here four times in the
year, and petty-sessions every second Thursday : the
magisterial duties within the borough have been per-
formed by the county justices for a series of years be-
yond the memory of man. A large dispensary is sup-
ported in the usual manner. The Grand Canal passes
close to one end of the town : during the progress of
that work, the line terminated for some time at Philips-
town, and produced a sensible effect on the growth of
its prosperity ; but when the canal had been extended
to Tullamore, that place drew to it all those advantages,
and Philipstown sank still lower in trading importance.
Here is a school for boys, under the superintendence of
the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity. The ruins of
the old castle arc still to be seen, covered with ivy.
Philipstown gives the inferior title of Baron to Viscount
Molesworth. — See Killaderry.
PHILIPSTOWN, a parish, in the union and barony
of Ardee, county of Louth, and province of Leinster,
4 miles (N.) from Ardee, on the road to Carrickmacross,
and on the river Glyde ; containing 1669 inhabitants.
This parish is bounded on the north-west by the county
of Monaghan, and comprises 3660 statute acres, the
whole of which, excepting a portion of bog, is good
arable and pasture land : agriculture is improving, under
the auspices of the neighbouring gentry, who are also
endeavouring to introduce the improved system of
breeding cattle. The principal seats are, Thomastown
Castle, in a well-wooded demesne of about 300 planta-
tion acres ; and Rathnestin. The living is a rectory, in
the diocese of Armagh, forming part of the union of
Charlestown : the tithe rent-charge is £237. I". In
the Roman Catholic divisions, the parish is one of four
forming the district of Tallanstown ; there is a large
chapel at Reastown.
PHILIPSTOWN, an extra-parochial district, in the
union of Drogheda, barony of Ferrard, county of
Louth (though locally situated within the ancient
county of the town of Drogheda), and province of
Leinster, 1^ mile (N.) from Drogheda, on the road to
Dunleer ; containing 64 inhabitants, and comprising
268^ statute acres.
PHILIPSTOWN-NUGENT, a parish, in the union
of Dundalk, barony of Upper Dcndalk, county of
Louth, and province of Leinster, 2f miles (W. N. vr.)
from Dundalk, on the road to Castle-Blayney, and on
the river of Philipstown ; containing 401 inhabitants.
It comprises 1035| statute acres of land, chiefly in
tillage. Here are extensive flour-mills, fitted up in a
superior manner ; and at Hackball's Cross is a station
of the constabulary police. The parish is a curacy, in
the diocese of Armagh, forming part of the union of
Baronstown ; the rectory is appropriate to the dean
and chapter of Christ Church, Dublin, and the tithe
rent-charge is £70. 15. The glebe-house is a handsome
residence, surrounded by neatly planted grounds ; and
nearly adjoining it is the church of the union, which is
noticed in the article on Baronstown. In the Roman
Catholic divisions, also, the parish is in the union or
district of Baronstown.
PIERCETOWN, a parish, in the union of Mullin-
GAR, barony of Rathconrath, county of Westmeath,
and province of Leinster, 9 miles (W. byX.) from
Mullingar, on the road to Ballymahon, and on the river
PILL
Inny ; containing 1080 inhabitants. This parish is
bounded on the west by the county of Longford, and
comprises 4'230^ statute acres, including a great extent
of bog : the land is principally under tillage ; there is
abundance of limestone. It is a rectory, in the diocese
of Meath, forming part of the union of Almoritia : the
tithe rent-charge is £71. 5., and the glebe comprises 12
acres, valued at £24 per annum. In the Roman Catho-
lic divisions the parish is part of the district of Forgney,
and contains a chapel at Ballinacurra.
PIERCETOWNLANDY, or Leckno, a parish, in
the union of Dunshaughlin, partly in the barony of
Lower Duleek, but chiefly in the barony of Upper
DuLEEK, county of Meath, and province of Leinster,
4 miles (S.) from Duleek, and on the new great north
road from Dublin to Belfast, by Ashbourne ; containing
590 inhabitants, and comprising 253 l:j statute acres.
An abbey is said to have been founded here in 750, and
some remains of an old church still exist. The parish
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, form-
ing part of the union of Kilmoon : the tithe rent-charge
is £127. 1. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is part of the district of Ardcath.
PIG ISLAND, in the parish of Kilmore, miion of
Ballina, barony of Erris, county of Mayo, and pro-
vince of Connaught. It lies off the western coast, and
comprises 65 statute acres.
PILLTOWN, a market and post town, in the parish
of FiDDOWN, union of Carrick-on-Suir, barony of
Iverk, county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster,
9 miles (N. W. by W.) from Waterford, on the road to
Clonmel ; containing 70 1 inhabitants. It derives its
name from a branch of the river Suir, called "The Pill,"
at the head of which it is situated, about l| mile from
the river ; and consists chiefly of one wide street, about
a quarter of a mile in length, containing 133 houses,
which, being mostly of modern erection, with neat gar-
dens in front, and interspersed with some fine old trees,
have an extremely pleasing appearance : at the east end
of the town is an excellent hotel. A patent for a market
has been obtained, but it is not yet established 5 a hand-
some building, erected at the expense of the Earl of
Besborough and intended for the market-house, is ap-
propriated to the use of the Roman Catholic day-school,
the Protestant Sunday-school, and all public meetings :
it is also used for performing the evening Church ser-
vice. At the rear of the market-house, is a commodious
quay, erected a few years since at the expense of Vis-
count Duncannon, at which not less than 126 vessels
have discharged their cargoes in one year, the Suir
being influenced by the tide as far as the Pill, and
navigable for vessels of 200 tons' burthen, and for
smaller vessels up to the town. Here is a chief con-
stabulary police station ; and petty-sessions are held
on alternate Thursdays at the market-house. In the
town is a neat Roman Catholic chapel, being one of the
three belonging to the district of Templeorum ; also the
male and female Protestant parochial schools, chiefly
supported by the Earl of Besborough and the rector ;
and a dispensary for the poor. A loan fund has been
established, with a capital of £100 raised by subscrip-
tion ; and, in consequence of a bequest of £1000 to the
poor of the parish from the late Robert and Elizabeth
Landers, almshouses have been erected. A neat mu-
seum has been fitted up at the hotel by Mr. Redmond
422
POME
Anthonj', the proprietor, who has here a valuable collec-
tion of paintings, curiosities, and Irish antiquities ; a
small charge is made for admission, and the proceeds,
averaging upwards of £40 per annum, are applied by
him towards the support of the fever hospital at Car-
rick-on-Suir. The scenery in the vicinity is varied and
beautiful ; and immediately adjoining the town is the
splendid seat of the Earl of Besborough, which is de-
scribed in the article on Fiddown.
PLEBESTOWN, or Pleberstown, a parish, in the
barony of Gowran, county of Kilkenny, and province
of Leinster ; containing 262 inhabitants, and com-
prising 898 statute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese
of Ossory, impropriate in the Marquess of Ormonde, to
whom the tithe rent-charge, amounting to £32. 8., is
entirely payable : for the performance of ecclesiastical
duties it forms part of the union of Burnchurch.
POBBLE-OKEEFE.— SeeKiNG-WiLLiAMS-TowN.
POINTZ-PASS.— See Poyntz-Pass.
POLEROAN, a parish, in the union of Waterford,
barony of Iverk, county of Kilkenny, and province
of Leinster, 6 miles (N.W.) from Waterford, on the
road to Carrick-on-Suir, and on the north eastern bank
of the river Suir ; containing 1894 inhabitants, of whom
145 are in the village. It comprises 3596 statute acres.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, united
by act of council, in 1680, to the vicarages of Portnes-
cuUy and Illud, together constituting the union of Pole-
roan, till lately in the gift of the Corporation of Waterford,
in whom the rectory is impropriate. The tithe rent-
charge of the parish is £225, of which one-half is payable
to the impropriators, and the other to the vicar ; the en-
tire tithe of the benefice of the vicar is £202.10, and there
is a glebe-house, with a glebe. The patronage passed
into the hands of the Bishop on the death of the late
incumbent, in Dec. 1845, in consequence of the corpora-
tion having failed to dispose of the advowson under the
provisions of the Municipal Reform act. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of
Moncoin.
POLLARDSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Naas,
barony of East Ophaly, county of Kildare, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Kildare, on
the road to Milltown ; containing 313 inhabitants. It
is situated on the Grand Canal, near the border of the
Curragh of Kildare, and comprises 1249f statute acres.
Within its limits is Rathbride House. It is a rectory,
in the diocese of Kildare, forming part of the union of
Thomastown : the tithe rent-charge is £56.7.6. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the
district of Allen and Milltown, and partly in that of
Rathangan.
POLSILLAGH, a village, in the parish of Kilmov-
LAN, union of Tuam, barony of Clare, county of Gal-
way, and province of Connaught ; containing 32 bouses,
and 150 inhabitants.
POMEROY, a parish, in the union of Cookstown,
barony of Dungannon, county of Tyrone, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 7^ miles (N. W.) from Dungannon, on
the road to Omagh ; containing 8547 inhabitants, of
whom 491 are in the town. The district was granted
by James I. to Sir Arthur Chichester, then lord-deputy,
and soon after was created a manor under the name of
Manor Chichester. It was then altogether an extensive
forest, some of the oaks of which, when cut down seve-
POND
ral years since, measured 29 feet in circumference.
During the unsettled period of 1641 it was nearly
stripped of its timber, and it remained in a neglected
state until 1 "70, when the Rev. James Lowry undertook
its management : he planted a great portion of the
demesne, which now exhibits some very fine timber, and
bequeathed a sum to erect the present mansion. In the
demesne, which consists of .556 acres, is a small lake,
whose borders resemble in shape the coast of Ireland,
on a scale of about one foot to a mile. Near it is a
very abundant spring of water, strongly impregnated
with carbonic-acid gas. The town or village, which is
seated on the summit of a hill and contains 107 houses,
consists of a square, and a long street, the roadway of
which having been cut down in order to diminish the
ascent, the houses on each side are in an unsightly and
even dangerous situation. A court leet and baron for
the manor is held here every three weeks, in which
debts to the amount of 40s. are recoverable ; petty-
sessions are held on the third Wednesday in every
month. It is a constabulary police station, and has a
receiving-house for letters under Dunganuon and Omagh.
Fairs are held on the second Tuesday of every month,
for the sale of cattle; and two annual fairs on June 1st
and Oct. 31st. The parish comprises 15,951 statute
acres : the eastern and southern parts are fertile and
well cultivated ; the western, which forms part of the
Altmore mountain, and comprises nearly 3000 acres, is
uncultivated mountain and bog. Granite, basalt, quartz,
limestone, freestone, elayslate, ironstone, and coal have
been found. The principal seats within the limits of
the parish are Pomeroy House, Mulnagore Lodge, and
Drummond Lodge.
The parish was erected in 1775, by an order of coun-
cil, at the application of Primate Robinson, by severing
41 towulands from Donaghmore : it is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh, and in the
patronage of the Primate ; the tithe rent-charge is
£291. 15. The glebe-house, built in I7S6 at an ex-
pense of £414 supplied by Primate Robinson, and en-
larged in 1793 at a cost of £322 by the then incumbent,
has a glebe of 560 statute acres (of which 145 are irre-
claimable) valued at £198 per annum, purchased by the
same Primate : the gross value of the benefice, tithe and
glebe included, is £4S9. 15. per annum. The townland
of Gortfad, in this parish, forms part of the glebe of the
rectory of Desertcreight. The church, built in 1775 on
a site three miles from the village, is a handsome edifice,
yet, though spacious, it does not afford sufficient ac-
commodation for the congregation during the summer
months. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Donaghmore, and has a
chapel in the village of Pomeroy ; where also is a
meeting-house for Presbyterians. The parochial school,
situated near the church, was built, and endowed with
six acres of land, by Primate Robinson. In the higher
chain of the Altmore mountains are the ruins of the
castle erected by Sir Thos. Norris, in the reign of Eliza-
beth, to protect the mountain pass ; and not far distant
are the remains of two barracks, built during the last
century as stations for troops placed here to put down
the bands of robbers that then infested the country,
committing many outrages.
PONDS, a village, in the parish of Rathfarnham,
union of South Dublin, barony of Rathdown, county
423
POUT
of Dublin, and province of Leinster ; containing 49
houses, and 223 inhabitants.
POOLBOY, a village, in the parish of Kilcloo.ny,
union of Ballinasloe, barony of Clonmac.noon, county
of Galway, and province of Connaught, 1 mile (S. E.)
from Ballinasloe : the population is returned with the
parish. Here arc the ruins of a priory, of which no
account is extant ; and on the verge of a bog near the
village is a strongly impregnated chalybeate spa, noticed
in the article on Kilcloony.
PORT, barony of Bannagh, county of Donegal. —
See Inver.
PORT, a parish, in the union of Ardee, barony of
Ferrard, county of Louth, and province of Leinster,
4| miles (K.) from Dunlecr, and on the eastern coast ;
containing 868 inhabitants, of whom 138 are in the
village. It comprises 1803^ statute acres of tolerably
good land, principally in tillage ; and within its limits
is Seafield, a neat and pleasantly situated residence.
It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh, forming part
of the union of Rathdrummin ; the tithe rent-charge is
£109. 2., the whole of which is received by the vicar,
on his paying a quit-rent at the custom-house of Drog-
heda of £2. 19. 6. ; and there is a glebe of three acres,
valued at £5 per annum. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the union or district of
Dysert.
PORT, an island, in the parish of Innisdoffin,
union of Westport, barony of Murrisk, county of
Mayo, and province of Connaught, containing 20|
statute acres. It is situated on the side of Boffin
harbour.
PORTADOWN, a market and post town, and dis-
trict parish, in the union of Lurgan, barony of Oneil-
LAND West, county of Armagh, and province of
Ulster, 9 miles (N. E.) from Armagh, and 69 (N.byW.)
from Dublin, on the road from Armagh to Belfast : the
town contains 2505 inhabitants. This place, anciently
called Port-ne-doon, or " the port of the fortified emi-
nence," derived that name from an ancient castle of the
M'^Canns or M'^Canes, who were tributaries of the
O'Nials and occupied this very important station, com-
manding the pass of the river Bann. The adjoining
lands were, under the name of the manor of Ballyoran,
granted by James I. to William Powell, and afterwards
by Charles I., in the 7th of his reign, to Prudence Obyns
and John Obyns, who erected a large mansion in the
Elizabethan style for their own residence, and built 14
houses, in which they settled 14 Enghsh families. Of
the ancient mansion there is scarcely a vestige, except
the gardens, and the avenue, which is still tolerably
perfect. The town, which has been greatly extended,
and the manor, are now the property of the Duke of
INIanchester.
Portadown is very advantageously situated on the
river Bann, over which is a stone bridge of seven arches,
connecting it with the small suburb of Edenderry, in the
parish of Seagoe. It consists of one spacious and hand-
some street, with several smaller streets branching from
it in various directions; and contains 479 houses, of
which those in the principal street are large and well
built. The town has been greatly improved within the
last 50 years, previously to which it was comparatively
of little importance ; it is paved and cleansed by a
committee appointed under the act of the 9th of George
PORT
IV., who raise money for that purpose by an assessment
on the inhabitants. The river, which falls into Lough
Neagh about seven miles below the town to the north,
and communicates with the Newry canal about one mile
above it to the south, is navigable for vessels of SO tons'
burthen ; but from a bar at its mouth, and from want
of depth in the canal, the vessels generally navigating
it seldom exceed 60 tons. Considerable facilities are
afforded by railways : see Belfast. The bridge, which
is the only one across the river between Knock and
Toome, a distance of full 30 miles, was built in 1/64,
but has suffered so much from the winter floods, that
it has become necessary to rebuild it ; the expense is
estimated at £8000. The chief trade is in corn, pork,
cattle, and other agricultural produce, and is greatly
promoted by the situation of the place in the centre of
an extensive and fertile district. The corn trade is
particularly brisk during the winter ; on an average,
from £10,000 to £15,000 are laid out weekly in the pur-
chase of grain, which is shipped to Newry and Belfast
for exportation to England, the vessels returning with
cargoes of timber, coal, slates, iron, and other articles
for inland consumption. The manufacture of linen,
lawn, cambric, and sheeting, is extensively carried on,
chiefly for the bleachers and factors of Banbridge ; and
the weaving of cotton goods for the merchants of Belfast
also affords employment to a great number of persons.
A large distillery has been established, consuming an-
nually more than 3000 tons of malt, here, and oats ;
there is also a very extensive porter brewery ; and since
the Tyrone collieries were opened, brick-making has
been carried on. Branches of the Belfast and Ulster
Banks have been opened. In the excise arrangements
the town is w ithin the district of Armagh. The market
is on Saturday, and is abundantly supplied with provi-
sions of all kinds, and with linen-yarn, which is sold in
great quantities : fairs are held on the third Saturday
in every month, and also on Easter-Mouday and Whit-
Monday, for cattle, pigs, and pedlery ; and during the
winter great quantities of pork are sold. A commodious
market-place, with shambles and every requisite, has
been erected by subscription, and is under the regula-
tion of a committee. A chief constabulary police force
is stationed in the town : petty- sessions are held every
Saturday ; and courts for the manors of Ballyoran and
Richmount, at which debts to the amount of 40*. are
recoverable, every third Monday, before a seneschal ap-
pointed by the Duke of Manchester.
The district parish comprises 3836 statute acres,
mostly in a profitable state of cultivation ; the demesne
attached to the ancient mansion of the Obyns family,
with the exception of a tract of woodland, has been
parcelled out into farms. The principal seats are, Bally-
workan ; Carrick, the residence of the Blacker family,
a fine old mansion, embellished with some stately tim-
ber ; Clowna ; Eden Villa ; and Fair View. The living
is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Armagh, and in
the patronage of the Rector of Drumcree, who pays the
curate a stipend of £1,50. The church, a handsome
edifice in the early English style, with a tower at the
east end, and for the erection of which the Board of
First Fruits contributed £831, and a loan of £461, was
built in 18'26; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
lately granted £1*3 for its repair. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish gives name to a district in-
424
PORT
eluding also the parish of Drumcree, where is the
chapel. There are two places of worship for Wesleyan
Methodists. A dispensary for the tenants of the Porta-
down estate is wholly supported by the Duke of Man-
chester, by whom also a lending-library and a loan
fund have been established.
PORTAFERRY, a sea-port, market, and post town,
in the parish of Ballyphilip, union of Downpatrick,
barony of Ardes, county of Down, and province of
Ulster, 7 miles (N. E.) from Downpatrick, and 102
(N. N. E.) from Dublin; containing 2107 inhabitants.
It is situated on the eastern side of the inlet that forms
the entrance to Lough Coyne or Strangford Lough, and
opposite to the town of Strangford, on the western side
of the same inlet : a constant intercourse is kept up
between the two places by means of a ferry. The town
owes its origin to a castle built by the Savage family,
who came into this part of the country with John de
Courcy, shortly after the arrival of the English ; and
the place being well secured and garrisoned by that
powerful family, its situation on the strait made it a
post of great importance in all the subsequent wars,
during which neither it nor the neighbouring district of
the Southern Ardes ever fell into the hands of the Irish.
But the town, until lately, was only a small collection
of cottages, built under the shelter of the castle, and
chiefly inhabited by fishermen. It is now, owing to the
exertions of the proprietor, Andrew Nugent, Esq., and
the spirit of commercial enterprise in the chief towns-
men, a place of considerable business, and increasing
yearly in prosperity.
It contains 453 houses, and consists of a square and
three principal streets, besides a range of good houses
on the quay, which is built along the edge of the strait.
The public buildings are, the market-house, a substan-
tial old structure in the middle of the square, which in
the disturbances of 17 93 became a post of defence to
the yeomanry of the town, who repulsed a body of the
insurgents that attempted to take possession of it ; the
church of the parish of Ballyphilip, a neat building
erected in 17S7 ; a large and commodious Presbyterian
meeting-house ; and another for Wesleyan Methodists :
at a little distance from the town is the Roman Catholic
chapel (a large building) for the parishes of Ballyphilip,
Ballytrustan, Slane, and Witter. The town is a con-
stabulary pohce, and a coast guard, station. The mar-
ket, on Saturday, is well supplied with provisions ; fairs
are held on Jan. 1st, Feb. 13th, the Tuesday after May
12th, and Nov. 13th. There is a distillery ; and a brisk
trade is carried on, chiefly with Liverpool, Glasgow,
Dublin, and Belfast, whither Portaferry sends wheat,
barley, oats, potatoes, and kelp, receiving in exchange
timber, coal, and general merchandise. The situation
of the town gives it the command of a fine prospect : ad-
joining it, on a rising ground, is Portaferry House, the
residence of the Nugent family, a large and handsome
building, finely situated in an extensive and highly or-
namented demesne. The glebe-house of Ballyphilip,
the residence of the Chancellor of Down, stands on the
site of the ancient parish church, which is said to have
been once an abbey. The castle is rapidly falling to
ruin : near it are the ruins of a chapel roofed with
stone. A school is maintained here under the patron-
age of Mr. Nugent, who pays £20 annually to the
master.
P O II T
POUT
Dubli
31061
PORTARLINGTON, a
borough, market, and post
town, in the union of Molnt-
MELLICK, partly iu the pa-
rish of Clonehouke, ba-
rony of Ui'i-ER Philips-
town, King's county, but
chiefly in the parish of Lea,
barony of Portnehinch,
Queen's county, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 95 miles
(N. E.) from Maryborough,
and 34i (W. s. \V.) from
nhabitants, of whom ^866 are
in the town. This place, anciently named Coltodry, or
Cooletetoodra, corrupted into Cooletooder, as it is still
sometimes called, derives its present appellation of
Arlington from Lord Arlington, to whom, with a large
extent of country, it was granted in the reign of Charles
n. ; and its prefix Port from a small landing-place on
the river Barrow, on which it is situated. Its only
claim to antiquity attaches to the decayed castle and
village of Lea, in the neighbourhood, the town having
arisen only since the grant above named, which included
a charter of incorporation constituting it a borough,
though then only in its infancy. Lord Arlington subse-
quently disposed of his interest in the town to Sir
Patrick Trant, upon whose attainder, as a follower of
James IL, the possessions became forfeited to the
crown, and were granted by William IlL to General
Rouvigny, one of his companions in arms, whom he
created Earl of Gahvay. The earl settled here a colony
of French and Flemish Protestant refugees ; and though
the estates were taken from him by the English act
of resumption, yet the interest which the new settlers
had acquired by lease was secured to them by act of
parliament in 170^!, and they were made partakers of the
rights and privileges of the borough. The estates, which
had been sold to the London Hollow Sword-blade Com-
pany, passed from them to the Dawson family, now
earls of Portarlington, by purchase ; since which time
the town has attained a very considerable degree of
prosperity. The French language continued to be
spoken among the refugees for a considerable time ;
but at present they are scarcely to be distinguished
from the other inhabitants, except where their names
afford evidence of their foreign extraction.
The TOWN is pleasantly situated on the river Barrow,
by which it is divided into two portions, and which, in
an eastern direction, makes a sweep round that portion
included in the Queen's county, forming a tongue of
land whereon is a large square with a market-house in
the centre. It consists principally of one main street,
which forms part of the Dublin road by Monastereven
and enters the market-place on the south : this street,
being continued at a right angle from the market-place
on the west, is carried by a bridge over the river,
through that part which is in King's county ; and, at
the western extremity of the town, tjranches off, on the
north-west forming the road to Clonegown, and on the
south-west the road to Mountmellick. A short street
on the north side of the square leads over another
bridge, into the road to Rathaiigan and Edenderry ; and
on the east of the square are various ranges of build-
ing. The streets are well formed, the roadway being
Vol. II.— 425
made and repaired with broken stone, and the footpaths
partly flagged and partly paved ; the inhabitants are
amply supphcd with water from pumps, which are very
numerous. The houses are well built, and the external
appearance of the town is superior to that of any of the
same size in the county ; the whole number of houses, in
1841, was 515. It is principally inhabited by private
families, as a pleasant place of residence, and as afford-
ing, from the number and high reputation of its scho-
lastic establishments, great facilities for public educa-
tion. Above the Tholsel, or Town-house, are three
rooms, the largest of which is occasionally appropriated
as an assembly-room ; a reading-room is well supported
by subscription. There is a small manufactory for to-
bacco, and another for soap and candles ; the trade of
the place is merely what is requisite for the supply of
its numerous respectable inhabitants. The Dublin and
Cashel railway, and a branch of the Dublin Grand Canal
from Monastereven to Mountmellick, pass close to the
town. There are two markets, one on Wednesday by
charter, and the other on Saturday by custom ; they
are well supplied with butchers'-meat and other provi-
sions, and occasionally with fish. Fairs, four of which
are by charter and four of recent appointment by act
of parliament, are held annually on Jan. 5th, March 1st,
Easter-Monday, May 22nd, July 4th, Sept. 1st, Oct.
12th, and Nov. 23rd, for cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs.
A chief constabulary police station has been established
in the Queen's county part of the town, and a station
also on the King's county side.
By charter of incorporation granted by Charles II., in
1667, the government of the borough was vested,
until 1840, in a sovereign, twelve burgesses, two port-
reeves, and as many freemen as the burgesses might
choose to nominate. The sovereign was elected annu-
ally from among the burgesses ; and a recorder, who
might be either a burgess or not, was appointed by the
Earl of Portarlington : the appointment of freemen had
been for some time discontinued, and there was then
only one. The borough ceased to possess any corporate
privileges on the passing of the act 3rd and 4th Victoria,
cap. 108. Portarlington by its charter was empowered
to return two members to the Irish parliament, which
it continued to do from the year 1692 till the period of
the Union ; since which time it has returned one mem-
ber to the Imperial parliament. The right of election,
formerly vested in the corporation, was by the act of
the 2nd of WiUiam IV., cap. 88, extended to the £10
householders ; and as the ancient limits of the borough
were but very imperfectly defined, and had little relation
to the elective franchise, a new boundary was drawn
round the town, comprehending an area of 933 statute
acres. The number of electors registered in 1S41, was
188, of whom 178 were £10 householders, and 10 free-
men or burgesses : the sovereign w as till 1 H40 the re-
turning officer ; and also a justice of the peace within
the precincts of the borough. The lord of the manor
has power to appoint a seneschal, and to hold courts
leet and baron, and also a court of record ; the former
for the recovery of debts not exceeding 40s., and the
latter for the determination of all pleas or actions
wherein the debt or damage does not exceed the value
of £200. There being no prison within the manor, all
decrees or executions issuing from these courts are
directed against the goods of the defendant ; an appeal
PORT
PORT
from the decision of the courts lies to the judge of
assize on the circuit. The courts are held in a suite of
rooms, well adapted to the purpose, above the market-
house. Petty- sessions are held every Wednesday in the
market-house, at which six magistrates frequently at-
tend.
Two churches were built in the town at the time of
the Settlement, dedicated respectively to St. Michael
and St. Paul, in the reign of William III., and endowed
severally with a rent-charge of £40 late currency re-
served upon lands let in perpetuity. St. Paul's was ap-
propriated to the French and Flemish settlers, and St.
Michael's to the use of English Protestants in the town;
in consequence of this arrangement, the former of these
is called the French church, and the latter the English.
The income of the French church was augmented with
£50 per annum by parliament many years since, and
has been lately increased by the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners to £100 : the late Board of First Fruits increased
the stipend of the minister of the English church to
£100 per annum. The livings are in the diocese of
Kildare, and in the patronage of the Bishop. The
English church, situated on the eastern side of the
square, has a handsome spire ; the French church is in
the street leading westward to the river, and till within
the last thirty years divine service was performed in
the French language. In the Roman Catholic divisions
Portarlington is the head of a district, called Portarling-
ton, Emo, and Killinard, and comprising parts of the
parishes of Clonehorke and Coolbanagher, and the
parish of Lea with the e.xception of the townland of
Inchcoolley. Chapels are respectively situated at Port-
arlington, Emo, and Killinard : that in Portarlington
having been found too small for the increasing congre-
gation, a new chapel has been erected near the old one,
and is a handsome edifice in the pointed style ; the
principal front consists of a tower, with pinnacles at
each angle, and surmounted by a fine spire, 140 feet
high. There is also a place of worship for Wesleyan
Methodists. A savings' bank, opened some years since,
has now a capital of deposits from the poorer classes,
amounting to £16,000. A loan fund, which com-
menced with a capital of £100, is operating very bene-
ficially : Colonel Armstrong, and Chidley" Coote and
Maunsell Dames, Esqrs., bore an active part in its form-
ation ; it is now under the management of three trus-
tees, of whom the Rev. J. Wolseley is the principal,
and the present capital is £2,300. A dispensary is sup-
ported in the usual manner. About a mile to the south
of the town is Spire Hill, so called from the erection of
an obelisk on it by the late Viscount Carlow, for the
purpose of giving employment to the poor in a season
of scarcity : the flatness of the surrounding country
renders it visible at a great distance ; the sides of
the hill are richly wooded, and it has winding walks
through the plantations to its summit. A chalybeate
spring near the town is said to be efficacious in scor-
butic cases ; its chief component parts are nitre and
sulphur. Portarlington gives the title of Earl to the
Dawson family.
PORTCLARE, a manor, in that part of the parish
of Errigal-Trough which is in the barony of Clo-
GHER, union of Clogher, county of Tyrone, and pro-
vince of Ulster ; the population is returned with the
parish. This ancient district, which comprises 3000
426
acres of arable land and extends over the present towns
of Aughnacloy and Augher, including the districts of
Lismore and Garvey, with all the intermediate country,
was granted in 16 13, by James I. to Sir Thomas Ridg-
waie, Knt., and confirmed in 1665 by Charles II., who
changed the name of the manor from Portclare to
Favour-Royal, by which it is at present known. A
spacious and handsome mansion, called, after the estate,
Favour-Royal, was erected here by the proprietor, in
1670 ; but being destroyed in 18*23 by an accidental
fire, a larger and more magnificent structure was erected
in 1825, by John Corry Moutray, Esq. This mansion
is situated on the bank of the river Blackwater, and is
built of freestone found on the estate, in the Elizabethan
style, embellished with a noble portico, and with elegant
architectural details ; the demesne comprises 740 acres
of fertile and highly cultivated land, and is finely diver-
sified and richly wooded. Within it Mr. Moutray has
erected a cruciform church, in the later English style,
with a square tower rising from the north-eastern
angle ; forming an interesting and beautiful object in
the grounds, and corresponding in character with the
house. It is built of the freestone procured on the
estate, and was completed at an expense of £1000, for
the accommodation of the inhabitants of the neighbour-
hood, who have no other church within a distance of
three miles. The living is a donative, in the patronage
of the founder, who endowed it with £50 per annum
charged on his estate, to which the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners have added £30, making the stipend of the
minister £S0 per annum. The church was consecrated
on the 3rd of July, 1835, and is designated St. Mary's,
Portclare.
PORTERIN, or Portrun, a parish, in the barony
of Athlone, union and county of Roscommon, and
province of Connaught, 3^ miles (S. E.) from Roscom-
mon, and on the river Shannon : the population is re-
turned with Killenvoy. It comprises 1133f statute
acres, of which 1092, consisting of good arable and
pasture land, are applotted under the Tithe act ; and
contains a quarry of excellent limestone, which is ex-
tensively worked, and burnt for lime. It is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Elphin, forming part of the union of
Killenvoy ; the rectory is impropriate, and the tithe
rent-charge, amounting to £27, is payable in equal por-
tions to the impropriator and the vicar : a glebe of an
acre and a half is let for £2. 5. per annum. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the dis-
trict of Killenvoy. There are some remains of the
church, in the burial-ground, which latter is very ex-
tensive.
PORTGLENONE, a market and post town, and
district parish, in the union of Ballymena, partly in
the barony of Loughinsholin, county of London-
derry, but chiefly in the barony of Lower Toome,
county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 32| miles
(N. W.) from Belfast, and 104 (N.) from Dublin, on the
road from Ballymena to Castle-Dawson ; containing
about 6S60 inhabitants, of whom 990 are in the town.
This place is situated on the river Bann, which is
navigable to Lough Neagh ; the fords, now superseded
by a bridge, were regarded as one of the most important
passes between the counties of Antrim and Londonderry,
on the confines of which it is situated. The town con-
sists principally of one long street, and contains 183
PORT
PORT
houses, several of them neatly built. The iuhabitants
carry on a small trade on the river by lighters, which
bring up timber and slates ; and at the bridge is a
considerable eel-fishery : the weaving of linen is also
carried on in the town and neighbourhood, and large
quantities are exposed for sale in the linen market,
held on the first Friday in every mouth. Fairs, chiefly
for cattle and pigs, are held on the first Tuesday in
every month. A constabulary police force is stationed
here : petty-sessions are held on alternate Wednesdays ;
and the manorial court of Cashel is held monthly,
for the recovery of debts not exceeding £5 late cur-
rency.
The parish was instituted in 1840, by separating 20
townlands from the parish of Ahoghill : that part on
the Londonderry side of the Bann is called Gleuone ;
on the other, Portglenone. Portglenone House occupies
the site of an ancient castle of the O'Nials ; Mount
Davys was originally built by Colonel Davys, about the
year 1700, and rebuilt in 1*58 by Bryan ftPJIanus,
Esq. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese
of Connor, and in the patronage of the Crown : the
incumbent has a tithe rent-charge of £'232 out of the
old parish. The church, a neat plain edifice, was built
as a chapel of ease to the mother church of Ahoghill,
prior to 1/39, by Bishop Hutchinson, who was interred
under the chancel. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the union of Ahoghill : the
chapel is situated at Aughnahoy, about a mile from the
town. There are places of worship for Presbyterians in
connexion with the General Assembly, and for Wesleyan
Methodists.
PORTLAW, a post-town, in the parish of Clo-
NEGAM, union of Carrick-on-Suir, barony of Upper-
third, county of Waterford, and province of Mun-
STER, 9 miles (W.) from Waterford, and S3| (S. \V.)
from Dublin ; containing 3647 inhabitants. This place,
which is situated on the small river Clodagh, is al-
together of modern origin ; within the last twenty years,
there svas scarcely a cabin to be seen on that spot which
is now the site of a handsome and flourishing town. It
is solely indebted for its growth and prosperity to the
residence of Messrs. Malcolmson and Sons, who intro-
duced the cotton manufacture, and erected buildings
for carrying it on upon a very extensive scale. The
town is situated on the confines of Curraghmore Park,
the princely seat of the Marquess of Waterford, from
which it is separated only by the Clodagh, a deep and
rapid stream, on whose margin the mills are erected :
the total number of houses is 489, many of which are
handsome and well built, and the remainder neat cot-
tages roofed with slate. The manufactory is a spacious
and lofty building (with a flat roof, on which is a re-
serv'oir for water,) fitted up with the most improved
machinery, propelled by three large water-wheels and
three steam-engines, the united power of which is esti-
timated at more than that of 300 horses. The works
aflFord constant employment to considerably more than
1000 persons ; the amount of capital expended weekly
is not less than £600. Connected with them are nu-
merous trades to which they furnish employment ; and
in all the various departments upon which they have
an influence, it is calculated that more than 4000 per-
sons are procuring a comfortable subsistence. The
cottons, when manufactured, are bleached on the pre-
427
mises, and arc chiefly sold in the home markets, though
large quantities are sometimes sent to America. The
health, education, and morals of this newly created
colony have been strictly attended to by its patrons :
a dispensary for the benefit of the working people has
been established, under the care of a resident surgeon
within the walls of the concern ; and a second dis-
pensary is supported by the Marquess of Waterford.
The formation of a temperance society has been so suc-
cessful that its members are nearly .500 in number :
meetings of the society are held once every fortnight in
a spacious apartment fitted up for its accommodation.
The fairs of Clonegam are now held here, on Easter-
Monday, May 'ZSth, and Aug. '26th. A sub-post office
is in connexion with Carriek-on-Suir ; there is a con-
stabulary police station, and petty-sessions are held
generally once a month. A Presbyterian place of wor-
ship in connexion with the Synod of Munster, built by
subscription, in the Guilcagh part of Portlaw, was
opened in 1845. There is also a Roman Catholic
chapel.
PORTLEMON, or Portlomon, a parish, in the
union of Mullingar, barony of Corkaree. county of
Westmeatu, and province of Leinster, 4^^ miles (N.
\y.) from MuUingar, on the road to Ballymahon ; con-
taining 4'27 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the
western shore of Lough Hoyle, and comprises '2617|
statute acres of land, chiefly under tillage ; there is
some bog. Within its limits is Frum hill, on the sum-
mit of which is a rath : near the base, on the shore of
the lake, is Portlemon, the seat of Lord De Blaquiere ;
the mansion is situated in a finely wooded demesne.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, united
by episcopal authority, in 18'23, to the rectory of Port-
shangan, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £63. 1.5.; and the gross
value of the union, tithe and glebe inclusive, is £ 138. 2. 5.
The church, glebe-house, and glebe of the union are in
Portshangan, and are noticed in the article on that
parish. In the Roman Catholic divisions Portlemon
forms part of the district of Mullingar. Besides the
rath on Frum hill, there are several others within the
parish.
PORTMAGEE.— See Killemlagh.
PORTMARNOCK, a parish, in the union of Bal-
rothery, barony of Coolock, county of Dublin, and
province of Leinster, 7^ miles (N. E.) from Dublin ;
containing 631 inhabitants. On a rock, close to the
sea-shore, stands the small gloomy castle of Robs-Wall,
or Robucks Wall, founded either in the 15th or early in
the I6th century by Mac Robuck, descended from Ro-
buck de Birmingham, and the head of a sept of this
ancient family. The manor belonged, from a very early
period, to the abbey of St. Mary, Dublin, and is now
chiefly vested in a branch of the Plunkett family. The
parish, which is bounded on the east by St. George's
Channel, comprises 2084^ statute acres. The sea-reed,
or bent, grows plentifully, in conjunction with Carer
Arenaria, on the sands near Rob's- Wall. There is a
limestone-quarry, in which fossils are frequently found ;
and good potter's-clay is procured within the parish.
Here are several respectable seats, the principal of which
are Broomfield, Beech wood, Portmarnock House, Hazel
Brook, and St. Helen's. The living is, a perpetual cu-
racv, in the diocese of Dublin, and in the patronage of
3 12
PORT
the Archbishop; the tithe rent-charge is £73. 11., of
which £1". 6. are payable to Mr. Hudson, and the re-
mainder to the perpetual curate, who also receives £'20
per annum from Primate Boulter's augmentation fund.
The glebe-house, situated in the parish of Cloghran, was
erected in 1*91, by aid of £150 and a loan from the
Board of First Fruits. The church, a small edifice with
a tower and spire, was erected in 17S8, by a gift of £500
from the same Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Baldoyle and
Howth. Here are two martello towers, and remains of
an old church near Carrickhill ; from which elevation
is obtained an extensive view of the surrounding country,
with a vast expanse of sea.
PORTNESCULLY, a parish, in the union of Water-
ford, barony of Iverk, county of Kilkenny, and pro-
vince of Leixster, 3 miles (N. W.) from Waterford,
and on the river Suir ; containing 1131 inhabitants, and
comprising '245'2J statute acres. It is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Ossory, forming part of the union of Pole-
roan ; the rectory is impropriate in the corporation of
Waterford, and the tithe rent-charge is £150, of which
£93. 15. are payable to the lessee of the impropriators,
and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is part of the district of Moncoin,
and contains the chapel of Carrigeen.
PORTNESHANGAN.— See Portshangan.
PORTOBELLO, a village, in the parish of St. Peter,
union of South Dublin, barony of Uppercross, county
of Dublin, and province of Leinster ; containing 38
houses, and 28* inhabitants.
PORTRANE, PoRTRAHAN, or Portraven (anci-
ently called Portraehern), a parish, in the union of Bal-
rothery, barony of Nethercross, county of Dublin,
and province of Leinster, 4^: miles (N. E.) from Swords ;
containing *S0 inhabitants. It comprises '21S5| statute
acres, mostly poor land, having a great variety of sub-
strata ; including red sandstone, conglomerate, limestone,
and greenstone in rugged rocks, on the north side of the
conspicuous promontory of Portrane ; and greywacke-
slate, clay-slate, greenstone-slate, and a great variety of
conglomerates, and minor minerals, on the coast, all
curiously intermingled. The coast is remarkably grand
and bold; and the sea has worked its way into the
rocks, so as to form several excavations of large extent,
in one of which is a well of fresh water, called Clink.
Portrane House, the property and residence of the Evans
family, is a spacious brick building, nearly in the centre
of a fine demesne of 420 acres, well stocked with deer,
and commanding extensive and splendid views ; some of
the best land in the county is within this beautiful de-
mesne, and its large plantations are more thriving than
is usual in situations so much exposed to the sea blasts.
The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, form-
ing part of the union of Donabate ; the rectory is im-
propriate, and the tithe rent-charge is £103, of which
£80. -. are payable to the impropriators, and the re-
mainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms a portion of the district of Donabate :
the chapel is in the form of a T, and was erected, about
20 years since, on land given for that purpose by Lord
Trimlestown ; it has a burial-ground attached, and
there is a residence for the priest. About 120 children
are educated in two public schools, of which one, for
boys, is supported by G. Evans, Esq., by whom the
428
PORT
school-house, a neat rustic building situated in a garden
of about an acre in extent, was erected, and who gives
the master a lodging and half an acre of land for a
garden. The other school, for girls, is supported by
Mrs. Evans, who built the school-house, with apart-
ments for the mistress ; at a proper age the children
are taught embroidery, and several very elegant dresses
and aprons have been worked here, one of which was
for Her Majesty Queen Dowager Adelaide. These
schools are conducted on the Lancasterian system, and
are open to all religious sects. Remains of the old
castle exist, consisting of a small square tower, long
since deserted as a habitation : the last occupant was
Lady Acheson.
PORTROE, or Portrue, a village, in the parish of
Castletown-Arra, barony of Owney and Arra, union
of Nenagh, county of Tipperary, and province of
MuNSTER, 6 miles (W.) from Nenagh, on one of the
public roads to Killaloe ; containing 44* inhabitants.
It is a station of the constabulary police : fairs are held
on March 22nd, May 14th, July 23rd, and Nov. 11th,
for cattle, sheep, and pigs, but chiefly for the last. The
parochial Roman Catholic chapel is situated in the
village.
PORTRUSH, a sea-port,
in the parish of Ballywil-
lan, union of Coleraine,
barony of Lower Dunluce,
county of Antrim, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 5 miles
(N. E.) from Coleraine, to '
which it has a receiving-
house for letters ; contain-
ing 630 inhabitants. It is
situated at the north-western
extremity of the county, on ^.^^^ ,. ^j^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^.^„^_
a penmsula or basalt juttmg nanu
a mile into the sea towards
the Skerries and having on the west a small but deep
bay. According to the early annalists, this was the
chief landing-place in the territory of the Rowte or
M'^Q.uillan's country ; it was also chosen by Sir John
Perrot, as the landing-place of his artillery at the siege
of Dunluce Castle. On the plantation of Ulster by
James I., it was made a creek to Coleraine ; but it
latterly has absorbed all its trade, as the accumulation
of sand on the bar of the latter port has rendered it
very dangerous. A large artificial harbour has been
just finished at Portrush, the entrance to which is 27
feet deep at low water, and which has not only secured
to the place this advantage, but has considerably in-
creased its trade ; the number of vessels now trading
hither is 120, of the aggregate burthen of 10,260 tons.
The principal trade is with Liverpool, Whitehaven, the
Clyde, and Campbeltown. The chief imports are timber,
coal, iron, barilla, and general merchandise : the exports
are linen-cloth, provisions, grain, live stock, poultry,
eggs, and salmon, the export of which last is very great
during the season, which commences in May and ends
in September ; the numbers of salmon taken off the
shore have been much increased by an improved kind of
net, but the principal supply is still from the Bann and
Bush rivers. The grain shipped in a recent year ex-
ceeded 6000 tons; the butter, 8166 firkins. Steam-
boats ply weekly to Liverpool and Glasgow, and three
PORT
PORT
times a week to Londonderry, Movillc, and Ennishowen.
The town, owing to these causes, is rapidly improving.
Many villas and lodges have been built in it or its im-
mediate neighbourhood ; and the beauty of its situation,
commanding an extensive and varied range of scenery,
makes it a favourite place of resort for strangers, parti-
cularly during the bathing-season. The parish church
is now situated here, and is a handsome edifice with a
tower and bell ; it was lately built, by subscription, the
old church having been condemned by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. There is also a meeting-house for
Wesleyan Methodists. Portrush is a station for the
constabulary police and for the coast-guard. A male
and female school, founded by the late Dr. Adam Clarke,
and supported by the Irish Missionary Society, is kept
in a large brick edifice with a cupola and bell. A hand-
some hotel has been just erected.
Close to the town is a beautiful and extensive strand,
and at its southern extremity is a range of cliffs of
white limestone, in which are several caves. Near it
are some hills formed wholly of sand drifted by the
northern winds ; some of these are of recent formation,
as the rich vegetable soil, bearing evident marks of
cultivation, can be traced beneath them. After a vio-
lent storm in 18'27, which swept away some of the sand,
the remains of an ancient town w^e exposed to view,
shewing the foundations of the houses, in which were
found domestic utensils, moose-deer's horns, spear-
heads of brass, and other military weapons. In the
immediate neighbourhood is a rock in which are im-
bedded large and perfect specimens of the cornu am-
monis : various other species of fossils are frequently
discovered. A new line of road from this place to Port-
stewart passes along the cliffs close to the shore ; a
road along the cliffs from Portrush to Bushmills will be
continued to Ballycastle ; and a railroad to Coleraine is
in contemplation.
PORTSHANGAN, or Portnesh.\ngan, a parish, in
the union of Mullingar, barony of Corkaree, county
of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, 4 miles
(N. N. W.) from Mullingar, on the coach-road to Long-
ford ; containing 546 inhabitants. Lough Hoyle washes
the south-western parts of the parish, which comprises
3636 statute acres, mostly under tillage and pasture,
there being only a small quantity of bog. Here are
quarries of a fine black stone, used also for flags.
Petty-sessions are held at Knockdrin every second
Monday. On the eastern limits of the parish stands
Ballinagall, a modern mansion, erected at a cost of
£30,000, in one of the finest and most richly wooded
demesnes in the county : the other seats are Wood-
lands and Mountmurray. It is a rectory, in the diocese
of Meath, forming part of the union of Portlemon ; the
tithe rent-charge is £69. 4. 8. The glebe-house was
erected in 1826, at an expense of £784. 11. British, of
which £184. I", were a loan and £415. 7. a gift from
the late Board of First Fruits, and £184. 12. were a
gift from J. Gibbons, Esq. : there are two glebes, one of
5f statute acres, the other of 4 statute acres. The
church of the union is in this parish : it is a handsome
building in the Gothic style (surmounted with a spire)
erected in 1824, at an expense of £2908, of which
£1892 were contributed by^Ir. Gibbons (who also gave
the site), £277 by Sir Richard Levinge, and the re-
mainder was a gift from the late Board of First Fruits.
429
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Multifarnham. The parish school was
endowed with £700 by the late Mr. Gibbons, who built
the school-house. At Mountmurray are remains of an
ancient castle.
PORTSTEWART, a sea-port and town, in the parish
of Ballyachran, union and liberties of Coleraine,
county of Londonoerry, and province of Ulster, 3^
miles (N.) from Coleraine, to which it has a receiving-
house for letters ; containing 603 inhabitants. It is
situated at the foot of a branch of the great basaltic
range of promontories, and commands an extensive view
of the estuary of the Bann, the entrance into Lough
Foyle, and the promontory of Downhill, with the penin-
sula of Ennishowen in the distance. The exertions of
the proprietors, John Cromie and Henry O'Hara, Esqrs.,
have raised this place, in the space of a few years, from
a group of fishermen's huts to a delightful and well fre-
quented summer residence. Its principal street, which
commands the view already described, consists of well-
built shops, having the mansion of Mr. Cromie near its
centre ; at a little distance to the south is a street of
smaller houses, and westward are a number of detached
villas, lodges, and ornamented cottages, chiefly built as
bathing-lodges by the gentry of the surrounding counties.
In this portion is a castle, built in 1834 by Mr. O'Hara,
on a projecting cliff over the sea ; tlie road to it is cut
in traverses through the rock on which it stands, thus
giving it the character of a chieftain's fortress of the
feudal ages. Numerous vehicles ply to Coleraine ; and
steamers frequently arrive off the port from Liverpool,
the Clyde, Londonderry, and occasionally from Belfast.
A mile from the town is the parish church of Agherton ;
divine service is also performed in a school-house in the
place. There are a meeting-house for Presbyterians in
connexion with the General Assembly, and a chapel for
■Wesleyan Methodists. The town is plentifully su])plied
with wild-fowl, round and flat fish, and herrings, of
which last one of the most productive fisheries is off
this port and on the coast of Ennishowen. The air here
is serene and pure, the scenery picturesque, the country
well cultivated, and embellished with elegant mansions,
the principal of which, besides those already noticed,
are Cromore, Flowerfield, Low Rock, and Blackrock.
The vicinity presents a variety of objects of geological
interest, especially at the castle, and near the creek of
Port-na-happel, where is a rock of the colour and ap-
pearance of Castile soap, which, on being burnt, emits
a sulphureous smell, and leaves a purple cinder : here
also are large layers of zeolite, steatite, and ochre, among
the rocks of basalt. Not far from the town is the old
channel of the Bann, from which the new channel has
shifted nearly a mile westward : between the two are
large drifts of sand blown in from the sea, and covering
many acres of excellent land.
PORTUMNA, a market and post town, in the parish
of LicKMOLAssY, uniou of LovGHREA, barouy of Lo.sc-
FORD, county of Galway, and province of Connavght.
14 miles (S. E.)* from Loughrea, and 7S (W. by S.) from
Dublin ; containing 1643 inhabitants. This place was
granted by Henry III., about the jear 1226, to Richard
de Burgo, by whom a castle was soon afterwards erected,
the ruins of which may still be traced. The manor
descended by marriage with Elizabeth, daughter of
William de Burgo, Earl of Ulster, to Lionel, Duke of
PORT
PO WE
Clarence, from whom it passed to the Mortimer family,
and subsequently to the Earl of Clanricarde, to whom
it svas confirmed in 1610, together with the castle, mo-
nastery, fair, and markets. The monks of the Cister-
cian abbey of Dunbrody had for a long time a chapel
here, which was dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul,
and which, on their abandonment of it, was given by
OMadden, chief of the country, to friars of the Domi-
nican order, who established a monastery here and a
church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. In 1634, the
Earl of Strafford held a council in the castle of this
place, in order to establish the King's title to the estates
of Connaught, which being negatived by the jury em-
pannelled for that purpose, the earl placed both the
jury and the sheriff under arrest, and sent them prison-
ers to Dublin. The Earl of Clanricarde died in 1636,
and was succeeded by Ulic, the fifth earl of that family,
who, on the breaking out of the war in 1641, fortified
his castle, and took every precaution to secure the peace
of the county. When appointed lord deputy of Ire-
land, after the departure of the Marquess of Ormonde
in 1650, he made this castle his principal residence,
which, in 16.59, was besieged by General Ludlow. In
the war of the Revolution, the castle was garrisoned by
the adherents of James II., but surrendered to Briga-
dier-General Eppinger, who had been sent by William
with a force of 1'200 horse and dragoons to reduce it.
The TOWN is beautifully situated on the river Shan-
non, which here divides into two channels, forming an
island, through the centre of which the line of separa-
tion between the counties of Galway and Tipperary
passes ; it contains 25" houses, the greater number
well built and covered with slate. The wooden bridge
over the Shannon, built in 1796, by Mr. Cox, the Ame-
rican architect, is 766 feet in length, namely, 391 feet
from the Galway shore to the island in the river, and
375 feet thence to the Tipperary shore. The Galway
part was destroyed by a great flood in 1S14, but was
rebuilt and the whole repaired in 1818, under the super-
intendence of Mr. Alexander Nimmo : it is now in a
very dilapidated condition, to the great injury of the
trade of the town, but is about to be rebuilt ; for which
purpose a plan has been submitted to the Board of
Works by Mr. Rhodes, which includes a swivel-bridge
of 40 feet span, to allow vessels navigating the Shan-
non to pass without lowering their masts. This is the
only bridge between Munster and Connaught, from Ba-
nagher to Killaloe, a distance of 37 miles. The chief
TRADE is in corn, great quantities of which are sent in
from the county of Galway ; and since the improved
navigation of the river by steam-vessels, it has very
much increased : there are some large flour-mills, and
an extensive brewery. The market is on Saturday,
and is abundantly supplied with grain and provisions
of all kinds : the average quantity of beef slaughtered
for the weekly market is from 12 to 15 cwt., and of
mutton, from 18 to 20 stone of 141b. each. Fairs are
held on Feb. 15th, May 6th, Aug. 1 5th, Oct. 17th, and
Nov. 15th, at which great numbers of* pigs are pur-
chased for the Limerick and Dublin markets. This is
the station at which passengers from Dublin to Limerick
and the south of Ireland are transferred to the larger
steam-vessels navigating the Shannon ; and the resi-
dence of the chief constable of police for the barony
of Longford. Petty-sessions are held.
430
Portumna Castle, the seat of the Marquess of Clan-
ricarde, a noble structure in the Elizabethan style, and
probably erected during that reign, was destroyed by
an accidental fire in 1826 ; the walls only remain, and
the offices have been fitted up as a temporary residence
for the countess dowager. The remains of the ancient
castle built by De Burgo, which was situated close to
the river, were taken down a few years since. The
parish church, a handsome structure of hewn limestone,
with the spire, is situated in the town ; it was built in
1832, at an expense of £1500, advanced on loan by the
Board of First Fruits. The Roman Catholic chapel,
built in 1826, at an expense of £1200, is an elegant
cruciform building in an inclosed square of an acre of
ground, given by the Marquess of Clanricarde for the
building and a burial-ground. There are considerable
remains of the Dominican friary, the walls of which are
in a tolerably perfect state : the church was cruciform,
and of elegant design ; three of the arches which sup-
ported the tower are still entire, and several of the
windows, particularly the east window of the choir, are
enriched with tracery. The ruins are partly concealed
by trees, and intertwined with ivy ; and, from their
retired situation, have a very interesting appearance.
The tenants of the marquess in this neighbourhood,
who have their land on reasonable terms, and are in
comfortable circumstances, testify a growing taste for
improving the cultivation of their farms.
POTTERCHA, a village, in the parish of Kilskyre,
barony of Upper Kells, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster ; containing about 22 houses and
124 inhabitants.
POULLADOUGH, a village, in the parish of Kil-
LERERAN, barouy of Tyaquin, county of Galway, and
province of Connaught, 6 miles (S. E.) from Tuani, on
the road to Ballinasloe : the population is returned with
the parish.
POWERSCOURT, a parish, in the union of Rath-
down, barony of Rathdown, county of Wicklow, and
province of Leinster, 3 miles (W. S. W.) from Bray,
on the road from Dublin, through the Scalp, to Round-
wood ; containing, with the town of Enniskerry (which
is separately described), 3070 inhabitants. This place,
which in the ecclesiastical records is called Stagonil,
and in other authorities Templebeacon, takes its present
name from the De la Poer family, to whom it was con-
veyed by marriage with the daughter of Milo de Cogan,
one of the followers of Strongbow, who built a castle
here to protect his territories from the incursions of the
mountain septs of the surrounding district. The castle
was, in 1535, surprised and taken by the Byrnes and
O'Tooles, but was soon recovered by the English, and
subsequently granted by Henry VIII. to a branch of
the Talbot family : it was seized in 1556, by the Kava-
naghs, and garrisoned with 140 of that sept ; but after
an obstinate resistance it was taken by Sir George
Stanley, and the garrison were sent prisoners to Dublin,
where 74 of them were executed. In I609, James I.
granted the castle and all the lands of Fercullen, with
the exception of 1000 acres of the parish, now belonging
to the Earl of Rathdowne, to Sir Richard Wingfield,
ancestor of the present Lord Powerscourt, as a reward
for his services in suppressing a rebellion in Ulster
raised in I6OS by Sir Cahir O'Dogherty and Sir Nial
O'Donell, of whom the former was killed in the field,
PO VV E
V O W E
and the latter made prisoner in his camp. The lands
were soon after erected into a manor, and in 1618 the
proprietor was created Viscount Powerscourt.
The PARISH, which is situated on the confines of the
county of Dublin, and intersected by the Dargle river,
comprises 18,938^ statute acres, of which "853 are
fertile arable land, 5635 of inferior quality, and the
remainder mountain. The surface is beautifully diver-
sified, and richly embellished with handsome seats,
highly cultivated demesnes, luxuriant plantations, and
wooded eminences, finely contrasting with the rude
grandeur of rugged masses of rock rising majestically
from the narrow glens, and with the loftier elevation of
the surrounding mountains. Pawerscourt, the splendid
seat of Viscount Powerscourt, is a spacious mansion of
hewn granite with two fronts ; one of them consisting
of a centre with a portico supporting a pediment, in the
tympanum of which are the family arms, and of two
wings, each terminating in an obelisk supporting the
crest : the other front has at each extremity a circular
tower, surmounted by a cupola and ogee dome. The
interior contains many stately apartments, among which
are, a noble hall, SO feet long and 40 feet wide, richly
decorated; and a ball-room of equal dimensions, with
galleries on each side supported on lofty fluted columns
and sumptuously embellished : the floor is of chesnut-
wood highly polished and inlaid, and the whole displays
much beauty of arrangement and elegance of decora-
tion. In this room King George IV. was entertained at
dinner by the viscount ; the splendid chair of state
[irovided for his use on that occasion is still preserved.
There are some splendid paintings, brought over by the
late viscount, and a handsome octagonal room entirely
wainscoted with cedar. The demesne, the principal
entrance to which is through a lofty gateway on Ennis-
kerry hill, comprises ^250 acres, of which 500, consti-
tuting the home demesne, lie around the mansion; 550
in the deer-park ; and the remainder on the north side
of the Dargle, which belongs to his lordship. From the
terrace in front of the mansion is a fine view down a
romantic glen, inclosed by impending mountains, among
which the two Sugar Loaves are conspicuous, and ter-
minating with the rugged outline of Bray Head ; and
in every part of the demesne, which is richly embel-
lished with stately timber and flourishing plantations,
the scenery is replete with beauty.
The GU'ji of the Ifaterfall, the approach to which is
through the deer-park, is embosomed in mountains
clothed almost to their summit with woods of oak ;
emerging from these the cataract is seen in all its gran-
deur, precipitating its waters in an unbroken volume
from a height of more than 300 feet, with scarcely any
interruption from projecting crags, into a chasm at its
base between lofty detached masses of rock. When not
augmented by continued rains, the sheet of water is
clear and transparent, and the face of the precipice is
distinctly seen ; but after heavy falls of rain it descends
with tumultuous violence, and the whiteness of the
foam forms a striking contrast with the dark foliage of
the surrounding woods. A slippery path beneath im-
pending rocks leads to the summit of the precipice,
from which the view downwards to its base is awfully
terrific. The scenery is wildly romantic ; a picturesque
wooden bridge, over a stream that runs from the foot of
the waterfall, leads to a banqueting-room commanding
431
a fine view of the glen. The stream in this part of its
course is called the Glenistorean, but meeting on the
outside of the deer-park with another from Glencree, it
takes that name, and, after flowing through a succen.sion
of richly cultivated demesnes, assumes the appellation
of the DdT'^le river on its approach to the celebrated
glen of the same name. The entrance to the upper end
of this very remarkable glen is about a quarter of a
mile from Enniskerry, and to the lower end about two
miles from Bray. The glen itself is about a mile in
length, inclosed on both sides with towering precipices
clothed to their summits with woods of oak, darkening
the narrow vale at their base, and occasionally broken
by stupendous masses of bare and rugged rock, which
rise perpendicularly through the luxuriant foliage. Con-
fined between rugged bounds, and obstructed in its
course by fragments of loosened rocks, the Dargle river
rushes through the glen with all the noise and impe-
tuosity of a torrent ; on a ledge of overhanging rock a
small Moss House has been placed, affording a limited
view of the scenery, which is seen in all its varieties
from numerous winding paths commanding in succes-
sion its most interesting features. From the Moss
House is a path winding through the woods up the
northern side of the glen, to a projecting platform of
shapeless and rugged rock far above the summit of the
highest trees on either side, and protruding into the
very centre of the chasm ; from this elevated station,
which is called the Lovers' Leap, the extent and beauty
of the glen are seen in pleasing combination with the
softer features of the Powerscourt demesne at its west-
ern extremity. From another elevation, at no great
distance from the former, called the View Rock, are
seen the demesnes of Powerscourt and Tinnehinch, with
the lofty mountain of Knocksea ; the splendid chain of
mountains from Beehanna to Glencree ; and a large
sweep of the glen, with a picturesque cottage on the
opposite side. Lord Powerscourt kindly allows public
access to the Dargle every day in the week, except
Sunday.
KUrudderij, the splendid mansion of the Earl of Meath,
though in this parish, is so closely connected with the
parish of Bray that it is described under that head.
Charlevillc, the beautiful seat of the Earl of Rathdowne,
is a handsome mansion of granite, erected near the site
of a former building, which was accidentally burnt down
in 179'2 : it is finely situated in a richly wooded demesne
of 196 acres, surrounded by the grounds of Powerscourt,
and embellished with timber of extraordinary growth.
Tinnehinch, formerly part of the estate of Lord Powers-
court, is now the seat of James Grattan, Esq., and svas
the favourite residence of his father, the late Right Hon.
Henry Grattan, for whom it was purchased by a vote of
the Irish parliament, in testimony of their admiration
of his splendid talents, and their gratitude for his un-
equalled exertions in obtaining a free trade with Great
Britain, in I "8^2. It is beautifully situated close to the
Glen of the Dargle, with the woods of which it commu-
nicates ; and the Dargle river flows through the grounds.
The house is a plain building, and, previously to the
purchase <if the estate (with other lands in the Queen's
county) by the parliamentary grant of £50,000, was the
principal inn of the county, and the frequent resort of
that distinguished senator, who spent much of his early
life amidst these enchanting scenes, in the cultivation
PO W E
P O Y N
of those brilliant talents which commanded the respect
and admiration of his country. Bushy Park is beauti-
fulh' situated on rising ground, commanding an exten-
sive range of mountain scenery, with a fine view of the
mansions and demesnes of Powerscourt and Charleville.
There are numerous handsome villas in the parish, the
principal of which are. Lough Bray, in the mountain
district of Glencree, a beautiful cottage on a lake in one
of the most romantic parts of the mountain scenery ;
Ballyornan ; Dargle Cottage ; Ornee ; Ballymorris ;
Ballywaltrim ; Charleville Cottage; Ballynagee Cottage;
and Newtown Cottage.
The scenery of the parish, on the side opposite to
that of Powerscourt and the Dargle, abounds with fea-
tures of impressive character. The valley of Glencree
forms a noble vista, four miles in length, inclosed on
each side by barren and rugged mountains, and termi-
nating with the lofty mountain of Kippiire, rising 24*3
feet above the level of the sea, and in part impending
over the basin of Lough Bray, below which were the
Glencree barracks, a fine range of buildings, erected by
government after the disturbances of 1798, and pur-
chased by Lord Powerscourt in 1834. The scenery
around Lough Bray is pleasingly romantic : there are
an upper and a lower lake ; the lower, which is the
larger, comprises 64f statute acres, and is near the
summit of the mountain, inclosed on one side by lofty
and precipitous rocks, and on the other by a steep
declivity. This district is much frequented by visiters
from Dublin ; the approach is by the military road,
which joins the road from Rathfarnham. The Djouce
mountain, which has an elevation of 2384 feet above
the level of the sea, is on the boimdary of the parish,
and forms a prominent feature in the numerous varieties
of its mountain scenery. The lands in the parish not
in demesne are chiefly under tillage ; the soil is a light
limestone-gravel, yielding good crops, and the system of
agriculture is improved : turf is procured in abundance
on the mountains, and there are several quarries of
good granite.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Dublin,
constituting the corps of the prebend of Stagonil in the
cathedral of St. Patrick, and in the patronage of the
Archbishop. The prebend was instituted in 1303, when
it was charged with the payment of £10 per annum to
the economy fund of the cathedral : it had formerly two
dependent chapels, situated respectively at Kilruddery
and Kilcroney ; the latter, in the time of Archbishop
Alan, was claimed by the monks of St. Mary's Abbey,
near Dublin. In 1831, some townlands of this parish
were separated from it by the act of the 7th and Sth of
George IV., to form the newly erected parish of Calary.
The tithe rent-charge is £276. 18. 6. : the glebe-house,
towards which the Board of First Fruits contributed
£200 and a loan of £600, was built in 1817; the glebe
comprises 3i acres, held by lease from the Earl of Rath-
downc, at a rent of £4. 10. per annum. The church, a
handsome modern edifice, nearly in the centre of the
parish, and within the Powerscourt demesne, was en-
larged in 1822 at an expense of £1000, advanced on
loan from the Board of First Fruits j the churchyard
contains many interesting monumental inscriptions. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Bray : the chapel, at Curtlestown, is a
plain building, and service is also performed in a barn
432
every Sunday. An estate in the county of Longford
was bequeathed by F. Adair, Esq., to the ecclesiastical
unions of Bray and Delgany and to this parish, one-
third each, for charitable purposes. There are ruins
of ancient churches at Churchtown and Killegar ; and
on a hill to the west of Enniskerry are the remains of
a cromlech.
POWERSTOWN, a parish, in the barony of Gow-
RAN, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of
Leinster, 3 miles (S. E. by S.) from Gowran, and on
the road from Kilkenny to Graig ; containing 1730
inhabitants. This parish comprises 54325 statute
acres ; the greater portion is arable and pasture land,
about one-half being under tillage. On the lands of
Curraghlane, yellow ochre of good quality is procured ;
and at Mount Loftus is an extensive quarry in which is
raised excellent granite of a beautiful light-yellow colour,
fine-grained, and very compact ; it may be raised in
blocks of very large size, and is mostly used for gate-
pillars and for buildings. Mount Loftus, the seat of
Sir Francis Hamilton Loftus, Bart., is situated on an
eminence commanding an extensive view. A consta-
bulary police force is stationed In the parish. The living
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Leighlin, and
in the alternate patronage of the Crown and the Bishop :
the tithe rent-charge is £337- 10. The glebe-house,
built in 1820, and towards which the Board of First
Fruits contributed £100 and a loan of £900, is a good
residence ; the glebe comprises 1 1 acres. The church
is a small neat edifice. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the union of Graig ;
the chapel, a neat edifice, was erected about 20 years
since.
POYNTZ-PASS, Pointz-Pass, or Fenwick's-Pass,
a small town, in the union of Newry, partly in the
parish of Aghaderg, barony of Upper Iveagh, county
of Down, but chiefly in the parish of Ballymore,
barony of Lower Orior, county of Armagh, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 2f miles (S. W.) from Loughbrickland,
to which it has a receiving-house for letters ; containing
643 inhabitants. This place was formerly an encum-
bered pass through bogs and woods, from the county of
Down into that of Armagh, and from the O'Hanlons' to
the Magennises' country : it derives its present name
from this important military position having been forced,
after a desperate action, by Lieutenant Poyntz, of the
English army, with a few troops, against a numerous
body of Tyrone's soldiers ; for which service he was
rewarded with a grant of 500 acres in the barony. There
are some remains of the castle which formerly com-
manded the pass ; and at Drumbanagher are vestiges
of the intrenchment surrounding the principal strong-
hold of the Earl of Tyrone during his wars with Queen
Elizabeth, called Tyrone's Ditches. Poyntz- Pass is
now one of the most fertile and beautiful spots in this
part of the country. To the south is Drumbanagher
Castle, a handsome residence built in the Italian style,
with a large portico in front ; and on an eminence above
the town is Acton House ; not far from which is Union
Lodge, in a beautiful demesne bounded by the extensive
waters of Lough Shark. That portion of the town
which is in the county of Armagh was built about 1790,
by Mr. Stewart, then proprietor, who procured for it a
grant of a market and fairs ; the former was never esta-
blished, but the latter, held on the first Saturday in
I'll 1 o
PROS
(•very month, are large and well attended, great numbers
of cattle and sheep being sold. The town comprises
1'23 houses, in one principal street, intersected by a
shorter one. It contains the church for the district of
Acton, a small neat edifice in the early English style,
with a tower at the cast front, built in 1*89, and con-
siderably enlarged and improved in 1829; a Roman
Catholic chapel ; a school ; and a constabulary police
station.
PREBAN, or Prebawn, a parish, in the union of
Shillelagh, barony of South Ballinacor, county of
WiCKLOW, and province of Leinster, 85 miles (N. E.)
from Tinahely, on the road to Rathdruni; containing
1176 inhabitants. This parish, which is called also
Braban, and is situated on the northern bank of the
small river Derry, or Darragh, comprises 4265 statute
acres ; the land is good, and the system of agriculture
improving. The principal seats are Taukersley and
Ballinglenn, both pleasantly situated in tastefully dis-
posed grounds, and commanding fine views oF the vale
of Derry and the Croghan mountain. On the townland
of Ballinglenn is an extensive flour-mill. The living is
in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the rectory, which was appropriate to the see,
and vested by the Church Temporalities' act in the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners, was in February, 1842,
disappropriated by an order of council, and the tithes
vested in the incumbent ; the tithe rent-charge is
£163. 10. The church, a handsome edifice in the early
English style, with an embattled tower crowned with
pinnacles, was built in 1827 by a grant of £900 from
the Board of First Fruits ; and the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners recently granted £120 towards its repair.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the union of Killavany : the chapel, a neat edifice, is
situated in the small village of Annacurra. In the
grounds of Ballinglenn two urns of clay were dug up in
1S32, containing human bones; the larger was broken
to pieces, but the smaller is now in the possession of
J. Farran, Esq., of Rathgar. There is a rath in this
townland ; and in the grounds of Tankersley is a well,
dedicated to St. Moab, and also a rath.
PRIMULT.— See Ballyburley.
PRIOR, a parish, in the union of Cahirciveen,
barony of Iveragh, county of Kerry, and province of
MuNSTER, Smiles (S. S.W.) from Cahirciveen, and on
the north-west side of the bay of Ballinaskeiligs, on the
western coast ; containing 3323 inhabitants. It com-
prises 11,79s statute acres : the soil is mostly of a light
gravelly nature ; there are extensive tracts of bog, and
brown sandstone adapted for building is found in several
places. The state of agriculture is gradually improving.
The bay lies between Hog's Head and Bolus Head,
5 leagues (N. E. by X.) from the Bull Rock, and is much
exposed to the south-west winds : Bolus Head is in
Lat. 51° 48' 48", and Lon. 10° 19'. The sea is making
great inroads at the bottom of the bay ; the shore,
though high, being composed only of strata of clay. At
a short distance from the shore, at Ballinaskeiligs, is
the island of that name, extending nearly east and west
about half a mile ; on the north side of this island is
good anchorage for small vessels, and if its western
extremity were connected with the main land (which
might be effected at a moderate expense), the security
of the anchorage would be greatly increased. At Bal-
VoL. II. — 133
linaskclligs is a pier, built by the late Fishery Board,
and much used by fishing-vessels, and by boats brinpjing
sea-weed for manure, which latter has much benefited
the surrounding district ; but the roads leading to the
pier require improvement. Here is also a station of
the coast-guard, being one of those constituting the
district of 'Valencia. The seats are Seaganstowu and
Kinnard.
The parish is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe,
and is a rectory forming part of the union of Dromod :
the tithe rent-charge is £90. 2. 4. In the Roman
Catholic divisions Prior gives name to the district,
which also comprises the parish of Killemlagh and con-
tains the chapels of Dungeagan, Portmagee, and Karl,
the first of which is in this parish. Some traces are to
be seen of an ancient town at Ballinaskeiligs, and of a
small castle built on an isthmus to defend the harbour
against pirates. Here are also the ruins of an abbey or
priory of Augustinian canons, the establishment of which
was removed hither at a remote period from the rocky
island called the Great Skellig, the monastery of which
place is mentioned by Giraldus Cambrensis. The abbey
of Ballinaskeiligs is said to have been plundered by the
Danes in 812, when the monks were kept in confine-
finement till they perished with cold and hunger : it
was granted by Queen Elizabeth to John Blake, at a
rent of £6. 13. 4. The present remains, though ex-
posed to the violence of the sea, which has made great
inroads on the building, show it to have been an esta-
blishment of considerable extent. In the vicinity is a
holy well, dedicated to St. Michael, on whose anniver-
sary it is visited by the peasantry for devotional pur-
poses. Near it is a spot called the " Englishmen's
Garden," where the bodies of twenty Englishmen are
interred who had been killed by the natives.
PROSPEROUS, a town or village, in the parish of
KiLLYBEGs, union of Naas, barony of Clane, county
of KiLDARE, and province of Leinster, 11 miles
(S. \V.) from Leixlip ; containing .526 inhabitants. This
place, which is situated near the Grand Canal, owes its
origin to Mr. Robert Brooke, who, toward the close of
the last century, expended a large fortune in attempting
to establish the cotton manufacture here. In less than
three years a town, consisting of 200 houses, was built ;
establishments were completed for all the various
branches of that manufacture, including the printing of
linen and cotton goods, and also for making the requi-
site machinery connected with the works ; and from
the flattering prospect of success which grew with the
attempt, the town rather prematurely derived its name.
In pursuing this object, that gentleman exceeded the
limits of his own private fortune, and, upon application
to parliament, obtained a grant of £25,000 ; but in
1786, having again occasion to apply to parliament for
assistance, his petition was rejected, and the works con-
sequentlj' were discontinued. Upon this occasion 1400
looms were thrown out of employment ; and every other
branch of the manufacture, together with the making of
the requisite machinery, ceased. Though the under-
taking was never revived, still the manufacture was con-
tinued on a very limited scale till 179S, when, during
the disturbances of that year, a party of the insurgents
attacked the town, and surprised a party of the king's
troops, whom they put to the sword. Since that pi-riod
the town has gradually declined in importance ; a few
3 K
Q UEE
weavers still find some employment, but its situation in
a low and marshy spot, surrounded by bogs and without
water-power, affords neither advantages for the esta-
blishment of works of importance, nor reasonable hope
of its revival. Near the town, the Grand Canal is car-
ried through the hill of Downings. A constabulary
police station has been established here ; and there is a
small thatched Roman Catholic chapel.
PUBBLEDRUM, an ancient parish, partly in the
barony of Rathvilly, but chiefly in that of Forth,
union and county of Carlow, and province of Lein-
STER, 2 miles (E.) from Tullow, ou the road to Clonegal ;
containing about 1270 inhabitants. It comprises 4503
statute acres, of which nearly one-half consists of wood-
land, and the remainder, with the exception of about
240 acres of bog, is arable land : the state of agriculture
is improving. Limestone abounds, and is burnt for
manure ; fine granite adapted for building is also found.
The parish has been for several centuries the seat of a
branch of the ancient family of Butler, and contains
Ballintemple, the residence of Sir Thomas Butler, Bart. ;
and the house of Broomville. At Blacklion is a station
of the constabulary police. In the ecclesiastical divi-
sions this is not known as a parish, but is considered to
form part of the district parish of Ardoyne, in the
diocese of Leighlin ; and in the Roman Catholic divi-
sions it is partly included in the union or district of
Tullow, and partly in that of Gilbertstown : the chapel
is at Ardattin. At Ballintemple are the ruins of an old
church, beautifully situated on the margin of the river
Slaney.
PUCKANE, a village, in the parish of Killodier-
NAN, union of Nenagh, barony of Lower Ormonde,
county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 4|
miles (N.) from Nenagh; containing 33 houses, and
155 inhabitants. It is situated near the river Shannon ;
has a sub-post office ; and is a station of the constabu-
lary police. Here is a Roman Catholic chapel belonging
to the district of Monsea.
PULLAHER, a village, in the parish of Camma,
union and barony of Athlone, county of Roscom-
mon, and province of Connaught, 6 miles (N. N. W.)
from Athlone, and on the road from Knockcroghery
to Ballinasloe : the population is returned with the
parish.
PULSHASY, a village, in the parish of Temple-
TOGHER, union of Castlerea, barony of Ballymoe,
county of Galway, and province of Connaught ;
containing about 35 inhabitants.
Q
QUEEN'S County, an inland county of the province
of Leinster, bounded on the east by the counties of
Kildare and Carlow, on the north by the King's county,
on the west by the same and Tipperary county, and on
the south by the counties of Kilkenny and Carlow It
extends from 52° 46' to 53° 10' (N. Lat.), and from 6° 56'
to 7° 48' (W. Lon.) ; and comprises an area of 424,854
statute acres, whereof 342,422 are arable land, 69,289
434
QUE E
uncultivated, 11,630 in plantations, 1117 in towns and
villages, and 396 under water. The population, in 1821,
amounted to 134,275; in 1831, to 145,851; and in
1841, to 153,930.
The slight notices of Ptolemy respecting the interior
of Ireland lead to the inference that this county was
inhabited by the Brigantes ; but 'Whitaker asserts that
the Scoti were the first settlers in it. Afterwards it was
divided into Leix, which comprehended all that part of
the county contained within the river Barrow to the
north and east, the Nore to the south, and the Slieve-
Bloom mountains to the west ; and Ossorij, which in-
cluded the remainder. So early as the middle of the
third century the latter of these divisions, svith parts
of the adjoining counties, was ranked as a kingdom,
and annexed by Conary, King of Ireland, to his native
dominion of Munster, instead of being, as formerly,
attached to Leinster. Subsequent passages of history
prove it to have been a district of considerable import-
ance. 'When Malachy was forming a confederacy of all
the native princes against the Danes, the King of Ossory
was specially required to conclude a peace with the
people of the northern half of the island, in order that all
should be at liberty to act against the common enemy ;
and in the time of Cormac Mac Culinan, the king had
the command of the first division of that monarch's
army in his unjust and unfortunate invasion of Leinster,
and fell in the battle of Maghailbe, in which Cormac
himself was slain. His dominions were afterwards dis-
posed of by Flan, King of Ireland. Both Lei.x; and
Ossory were visited by St. Patrick, in his peregrina-
tions through the island to establish the Christian
religion.
In the war waged by Roderic O'Conor, King of
Ireland, against Dermod Mac Murrough, King of Lein-
ster, and which led to the invasion under Strongbow,
the King of Ossory was one of the princes specially
summoned by the former of those potentates. The dis-
trict was then subject to the Mac Gillypatricks or Fitz-
patricks, who acted with so much vigour against Mac
Murrough that, when the English had partially es-
tablished themselves in the country, Mac Murrough
prevailed on the English commander to join him in
an invasion of Ossory, which they ravaged notwith-
standing the gallant resistance made by Donald Fitzpa-
trick, then king. Though defeated, this toparch per-
severed in his determination not to treat with Mac
Murrough, and was again defeated, and forced to seek
refuge in Tipperary. He afterwards formed an alliance
with Maurice Prendergast, who, upon some offence re-
ceived from the King of Leinster, had quitted the service
of that monarch ; and both invaded the neighbouring
territory of Lei.v, which they ravaged with little opposi-
tion, until O'More, then dynast of it, was compelled to
apply to Mac Murrough, by whom, aided by the English,
he was quickly reinstated. Prendergast and Donald
subsequently quarrelled ; and the former, after skilfully
e.vtricating himself from an ambuscade laid for him by
the other, retired with his followers in safety into 'Wales.
Donald, though twice defeated, was not subdued. The
position of his territory on the confines of Munster
and Leinster afforded him opportunities of intercepting
the communications between Waterford and Dublin, of
which he availed himself so effectually, that a league was
formed against him by Strongbow (who on Dermod's
Q U EE
Q U EE
death had succeeded to the kingdom of Leinster) and
O'Brien, King of Limerick. But the appeal to arms
was prevented by a treaty, in effecting which Maurice
I'rendergast, who had returned to Ireland, rendered his
old ally good service. From this time, Donald con-
tinued faithfully attached to his new friends, the English
adventurers. His territory was the place of rendezvous
for their army when it was preparing to march against
Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick, who had now de-
clared against the English ; and he proved his adherence
still further by guiding the army through the woods till
it encamped before Limerick.
About this period, the whole of the district now form-
ing the Queen's county was known by the name of
Glenmaliere, and Lei,\ : the latter division was made a
county palatine ; and on the division of the immense
possessions of William, Earl Marshal, between his five
daughters, it was allotted to the youngest, who had mar-
ried William de Braosa, lord of Brecknock. Their daugh-
ter Maud married Roger Mortimer, lord of Wigmore ;
and from this conne.\ion, the imperial house of Austria,
and the royal families of Great Britain, France, Prussia,
Denmark, Holland, Sardinia, and Saxony, derive their
descent. Mortimer, preferring to reside on his English
estates, employed one of the O'Mores to defend and
manage his Irish property, who, within twenty years
after, became so powerful, that he held it as his own,
and proved one of the most turbulent opponents of the
English settlers in that part of the pale. So fully, in-
deed, w-as his authority recognised as lord of the district,
that he was summoned by the English government to
oppose Bruce and the Scotch. For two centuries after,
the district was the seat of an almost incessant war be-
tween the O'Mores and the English, which was carried
on, however, without any occurrence of much historical
importance on either side. During the same period the
Mac Gillypatricks, or Fitzpatricks, maintained their in-
dependence in Ossory, but generally adhered to the
English. In the 5th year of Mary, both districts were
reduced to shire ground, and incorporated under the
name of the Queen's county, the assize town being
named Maryborough, in honour of the Queen. But this
new arrangement did- not immediately tranquillize the
country. At the close of the reign of Elizabeth, Owen
Mac Rory O'More was so powerful that Sir George
Carew, president of Munster, accompanied by the Earls
of Thomond and Ormonde, was induced to hold a
parley with him to bring him back to his allegiance,
in which they were entrapped in an ambuscade, and
the Earl of Ormonde made prisoner, and detained till
he paid a ransom of £3000. The daring insurgent,
however, was shortly after killed in a skirmish with Lord
Mountjoy ; and the followers of the O'Mores were driven
into the counties of Cork and Kerry, then nearly depo-
pulated.
At this juncture many English families, to whom
grants of the lands thus forfeited had been made, settled
here. Seven of them, whose founders were most in-
fluential in securing the new settlements, acquired the
names of the Seven Tribes. The families so called were
those of Cosby, Barrington, Hartpole, Bowen, Ruish,
Hetherington, and Hovenden or Ovington, of whom the
first only has retained its possessions ; that of Barring-
ton, still e.xtant, has alienated its property ; all the rest
are e.\tinct in the male line. In the reign of Charles I.,
435
large grants of land were made to Villicrs, Duke of
Buckingham, now forming the extensive manor of Vil-
licrs, which has descended through the female line to
the 'present duke. In the same reign, and during
the unsettled period of the Commonwealth, the families
of Pigott, Coote, Prior, Parnell, and Pole, settled here :
those of Vcsey, Dawson, Staples, Burrowes, and John-
son, obtained lands in it after the Revolution. The
county had its full share of the calamities of the civil
war in 1641, at the beginning of which the insurgents
secured Maryborough, Dunamase, and other places of
strength. The Earl of Ormonde, arriving at Athy from
Dublin, detached parties for their relief; on his retreat
the whole of the county submitted to General Preston,
but was forced again to submit to the royal arms. In
1646, Owen Roe O'Nial seized upon several forts in it.
In 1650, Cromwell's forces entered the county, and
met with much resistance : in the course of the struggle
most of its fortresses were dismantled by his generals,
Hewson and Reynolds. During the Revolution of 168S,
a signal victory was gained by the troops of William at
a noted togher or bog-pass near Cappard, where they
defeated a much superior number of the Irish. After
the termination of the war, the country was so harassed
by the ravages of the Rapparees, that the resident
gentlemen applied to King William to have a force of
infantry and dragoons quartered in it, and specified the
castle of Lea as one of the principal stations for their
reception.
The county is partly in the diocese of Killaloe, partly
in those of Dublin and Glendalough, partly in that of
Kildare, but chiefly in those of Ossory and Leighlin.
For purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided into the
baronies of Ballyadams, Clandonagh, Clarmallagh, Cul-
linagh, Maryborough East, Maryborough West, Portne-
hinch, Slievemargue, Stradbally, and Tinnehinch. It
contains the greater part of the borough and inarket-
town of Portarlington ; the disfranchised borough,
market, and assize town of Maryborough ; the ancient
corporate and market and post town of Ballinakill ; the
market and post towns of Mountmellick, Mountrath,
Stradbally, and Abbeyleix ; the post-towns of Burros-in-
Ossory, Rathdowuey, Ballybrittas, Clonaslee, and Bally-
roan ; and the suburb of the borough of Carlow called
Graigue : the largest villages are those of Ballylinan,
Castletown, Emo, Newtown, and Aries. It sent eight
members to the Irish parliament ; two for the county
at large, and two for each of the boroughs of Portarling-
ton, Maryborough, and Ballinakill. Since the Union it
has been represented by three members, two for the
county, and one for Portarlington : the election for the
county takes place at Maryborough. The constituency,
as registered in 1841, amounted to 1657, of whom 411
were £50, 2'20 £20, and 801 £10, freeholders; 26 £50,
and 95 £20, rent- chargers ; and 32 £20, and 7^2 £10,
leaseholders. Queen's county is included in the Home
circuit : the assizes are held at Maryborough ; and
general sessions of the peace at Maryborough, Mount-
mellick, Mountrath, Stradbally, Burros-in-Ossory, and
Abbeyleix, twice in the year at each of these places.
The county gaol is at Maryborough, and there are bride-
wells in Burros-in-Ossory, Stradbally, and Abbeyleix.
The local government is vested in a heutenant, 18
deputy- lieutenants, and 82 other magistrates ; besides
whom are the usual county officers, including four
3 K2
QE E E
coroners. There are 42 stations of the constabulary
police, having a force of one county inspector, 8 sub-
inspectors, 10 head-constables, 52 constables, and 262
sub-coustables, with 10 horses; the expense of \\4iose
maintenance, in 1S42, was £13,304. The amount of the
grand jury presentments, in 1844, was £24,479. The
district lunatic asylum for the Queen's and King's
counties, Westmeath, and Longford, is at Mary-
borough ; as is also the county infirmary ; and there
are dispensaries at Abbeyleix, Ballybrittas, Bally-
moyler, Ballinakill, Clandonagh, Errill, Mountrath,
Mountmellick, Newtown, Coleraine, Portarlington,
Rathdowney, Stradbally, Swan, Ballickmoylcr, Bur-
ros-in-Ossory, and Clonaslee, which are supported by
grand jury presentments and private subscriptions, in
the proportion of one-third of the former to two-thirds
of the latter. In the military arrangements Queen's
county is included in the Athlone district, and contains
one barrack for infantry at Maryborough, constructed
for the reception of 61 non-commissioned officers and
men.
The SURFACE of the county is generally either flat,
or gently undulating with small hills, exhibiting a pleas-
ing variety rather than picturesque effect. The inequality
is mostly caused by the escars, ridges of which traverse
several parts ; they are mostly formed of rounded no-
dules of limestone, calcareous sandstone, and coal-shale,
the parent rocks of which are found in the county or
close to its confines. The principal of these escars,
called the Ridge, rises near Athlone, and, thence pro-
ceeding across the King's county, enters the Queen's at
Mountmellick, and proceeds to Rathleague through the
extremity of Maryborough, forming in this county an
unbroken line about 6 miles long, varying in height
from 12 to 45 feet, being generally broad at the base and
narrowing upwards to the width of a few feet : to the
north of Maryborough, a road is carried along its sum-
mit ; south of the town, it is planted. Near the same
place a very copious spring bursts from it, termed the
Blessed well of Maryborough, and much resorted to by
the peasanty, who perform devotional ceremonies, called
stations, around it. Beyond Rathleague the escars main-
tain a south-eastern course, and are broken and inter-
rupted ; but they soon resume a regular ridge-like form,
and divide into two branches, one southwards to the
Doon of Clopoke, the other eastwards to Stradbally,
again forming an unbroken line of more than six
miles.
The tract extending from Urlingford, in Kilkenny
county, to Dawson's Grove near Monastereven, on the
confines of Kildare, is the most improved of any in
Leinster. It is generally well planted, not in isolated
patches close to the mansion-houses, but over the whole
face of the landscape, so as to give it much the appear-
ance of an English woodland scene. The Dijsart Hilts,
which are situated in this rich tract of country, add
much to its variety and beauty ; they are wholly com-
posed of limestone, and their direction is north and
south between the baronies of Maryborough, Stradbally,
and CuUinagh, not forming a continuous elevation, but
in most cases standing singly. The Rock of Dunamase
and the Doon of Clopoke are two of the most striking
of them. To the west the land rises into the lofty range
of the SUeve-Bloom Mountains, which form a marked
line of division between this and the King's county :
436
QU EE
their summit is called " the Height of Ireland," from a
popular opinion that it is the most elevated point in the
island ; near it is the Pass of Glandine, a narrow defile,
impassable for carriages, and forming the only mountain
communication between the King's and Queen's counties.
The northern side of the mountains of this range is very
fertile ; while the southern, though more exposed to the
genial influence of the sun, is nearly barren, and mostly
covered with heath. Towards the southern boundary
of the county the ground rises into the Slievemargiie
Hills, which separate it from Kilkenny. The only lake
is Lough Annagh, called also Lough Duff, on the border
of the King's county, to which one-half of it is considered
to belong.
The SOIL, which rests chiefly on a substratum of lime-
stone, varies from a stiff clayey loam, well adapted to
the growth of wheat, to a light sand, which produces
good barley, turnips, and potatoes. In the Slieve-
Bloom mountains the surface inclines to a black, and in
some parts a yellow, cla)', of unequal depth, covermg a
mouldering rock or gritty gravel ; its general character
is spongy, wet, boggy even where highest, and very rocky.
The Dysart hills are fertile to their summits, which,
though too steep for the plough, afford rich pasturage
for sheep. The soil of the southern barony of Cullinagh
is a gravelly silicious clay towards the mountains ; in
the central parts it is a rich loam, and in the south,
light and sandy : the largest bullocks in the county are
fattened on the rich pastures in the low lands. In the
northern barony of Portnehinch the soil is light and un-
productive, unless in some favoured spots where a perse-
vering course of judicious cultivation has improved its
character. Bogs are frequent in every part, especially
about Maryborough ; they may all be considered as
branches of the great central Bog of Allen. The turf
from them yields both white and red ashes ; that afford-
ing the latter is most esteemed either for manure or fuel.
In some places are large tracts of marshy laud called
callows, which are inundated during winter but in
summer afford excellent pasturage. The land on the
banks of the Barrow is alluvial, and forms rich and
valuable meadows.
The average size of farms, particularly in the tillage
districts, is not more than from 12 to 14 acres; some
noblemen and landed proprietors, however, hold large
tracts of land in their own hands, the superior cultiva-
tion of which is very effective as a leading example to-
wards the general improvement of agriculture in the
county. Wheat is now generally grown even in the
mountain districts : barley is also extensively cultivated :
potatoes and oats form an essential part of the rotation
system. Green crops are often seen, particularly
turnips, of which the Swedish kind is most esteemed :
rape and vetches are extensively raised ; clover is to be
seen every where ; flax is planted only in small quanti-
ties for domestic consumption. The implements and
carts employed in rural economy are generally of the
most improved description : both bullocks and horses
are used in ploughing, generally in pairs ; where the
soil is very deep and stiff, two pairs of the latter are
sometimes put in the same team. The manures are,
lime ; limestone-gravel, here called corn-gravel, pro-
cured with little labour or expense ; and composts from
the farmyard. The common fence is of white-thorn,
planted on ditches well constructed but too often sub-
Q U E E
sequently neglected : stone walls are also raised for the
same purpose, particularly for the demesnes of the no-
bility and gentry. All the improved breeds of English
cattle have been introduced into the county ; the favourite
dairy-cows are a cross between the Durham and native
breed, as they are good milkers, of large size, and easily
fattened. Dairies are numerous and productive : cheese
is made in small quantities ; but butter, which is of very
good quality, is the chief produce. Pigs are reared in
great numbers ; no farmhouse is without them, but the
breed is inferior to that in the southern counties :
goats are also kept by all the small farmers and cottiers.
The horses are a light, small-boned, active race, good
for the saddle, but not well fitted for heavy agricultural
labour.
A great part of the county, particularly the moun-
tainous districts to the north-west, was once covered
with timber ; in proof of which it may be stated that in
the neighbourhood of Lough Annagh, oak, fir, and yew
trees are found in numbers lying a few feet below the
surface, some of the roots adhering to the trunks and
others remaining in their original position, the trunks
having been burnt off and the charred cinder adhering
in all its freshness to both trunk and root : large trunks
and roots of trees are also perceptible in the lake, with
their timber sound and remarkably tough. In the reign
of Elizabeth, Captain Leigh received the thanks of
that queen for having valiantly led the English cavalry
from Birr to Athy, through the woods and forests of
Oregan. The country has since been entirely cleared of
its old woods ; but new plantations have sprung up in
most parts. The farmhouses, like the farms, are
generally small ; many have neat gardens and orchards,
which, with the hedgerow-trees, give them the appear-
ance of much rural comfort. Draining and irrigation
are but little attended to.
The principal portion of the county, in a geological
point of view, belongs to the great floetz limestone field,
which forms the base of the greater part of the level
country of Ireland ; the Slieve-Bloom mountains, in the
north-west, are of the sandstone formation, and at the
Slievemargue in the south-east the coal formation com-
mences. The limestone field abounds with escars,
already noticed. The coal formation begins near
Timahoe, and extends cast and south-east to the Bar-
row, and southwards almost to the Nore. It forms the
northern extremity of the Kilkenny field, from which it
is separated only by a small river ; and the coal is in
every respect similar in each part : the portion included
m the Queen's county extends about 3 miles by '2. The
Strata range is in Kilkenny, but the dip being to the
west, the pits on this side are deeper. There are five
collieries at work ; namely, Newtown, Wolf Hill, Doo-
nane, Poulakele, and Moydebegh : those of Rushes
and Tollerton, though very valuable, are not wrought at
present. The pits at Newtown are from 45 to 48 yards
deep ; all those around Jloydebegh are from 61 to 64
yards. The coal at Newtown and Doonane is equal to
the best Kilkenny coal, and sells at 20i\ per ton at the
pits ; that of the other collieries, though somewhat in-
ferior, never sinks below the price of 17»-. per ton.
Hence the poor people, even in the immediate vicinity
of the pits, cannot afford to use it, and it is entirely
purchased by maltsters, brewers, distillers, and smiths,
by whom it is much sought after, inasmuch as, being
437
Q U E E
almost pure carbon, without any admixture of bitumen,
it requires no preliminary preparation even for malting
purposes ; it is conveyed to all the surrouudiug counties
chiefly in one-horse carts. In the summer of a recent
year, 64 pits were at full work, for unwatering which
five steam-engines were employed, but the coal is mostly
raised by horses. The works furnished employment to
700 men, and the value of the coal raised is estimated
at upwards of £"8,000 per annum. Yet, notwithstand-
ing these advantages, the workmen, from their irregular
and inconsiderate habits, are miserably poor ; and the
district is frequently disturbed by broils and tumults, so
that police stations are thickly distributed throughout
this portion of the county.
Iron-ore shews itself in some parts, and mines
were wrought until the failure of the supply of timber
for fuel caused them to be relinquished : a branch of
the iron-manufacture which had been successfully carried
on at Mountrath, when timber was plentiful, has been
discontinued for the same reason. Copper and man-
ganese have been found. Slate-quarries have been
opened at Roundwood, in Offerlane, and at Cappard.
Near Mouiitmellick are quarries of soft silicious sand-
stone, which is wrought into chimney-pieces and hearth-
stones that are in great demand. Ochre, fullers"-earth,
and potters'-clay are met with : potteries have been
long established in the neighbourhood of Mountmellick,
and large quantities of tiles, crocks, and garden-pots are
made. The other manufactures are confined to cottons,
flannels, friezes, and stuffs, of a coarse durable kind, for
the clothing of the peasantry. Much broad cloth was
woven in Mountmellick for the Dublin market, and a
broad stuff called "Durants " was also manufactured
there and at Maryborough; but the trade has long
declined. The same observation is applicable to serges,
the use of which has been in a great measure super-
seded by that of cotton cloth. Cotton factories were
erected at Cullinagh, Abbeyleix, and on the Barrow
near Athy, but all failed ; the only one at present in
the county is at Mountrath. In Mountmellick are an
iron-foundry and some extensive breweries, a distillery,
and tanneries. At Donoughmore is a starch manufac-
tory, the produce of which is almost exclusively sent to
Dublin. The flour-mills at Mountmellick, Coleraine,
Maryborough, Castletown, Rathdowne, Donoughmore,
Abbeyleix, and Stradbally, besides several in other
parts, are each capable of manufacturing 12,000 barrels
of flour annually.
Tlie Sore, or Newre, is the only river of any magni-
tude that passes through the county ; it rises in the
Slieve-Bloom mountains, and enters Kilkenny near Dur-
row, receiving in this part of its course the Tonnet with
its branch stream the Dolour, the Old Forge river, the
Cloncoose with its branches the Cromoge and Corbally,
the Truniry, the Colt, and the Erkin or Erkenny. The
Barrow, which rises in the same mountain range, and
forms the northern and part of the eastern boundary of
the county, receives the Blackwater, the Tnhogue, and
the Owenass or Onas ; it is navigable for barges Ironi
Athy downwards, and quits the county for that of Car-
low at Cloghgrennan. The Grand Canal enters the
county at Clogheen, near Monastereven, and is carried
along near its eastern boundary for eight miles to Black-
ford, where it re-enters the county of Kildare, shortly
after which it communicates with the Barrow at Athy.
Q U EE
A branch has been carried from Monastereven, by Port-
arlington, to Mountmellick. The roads are numerous
throughout every part of the county ; in gi.'neral they
are well laid out, and kept in good order. The railway
from Dublin to Limerick and Cork passes through
Queen's county.
Relics of ANTiauiTY of every description known in
Ireland are to be found here. There is a pillar-tower
nearly perfect at Timahoe, in a valley near the ruins of
a monastic building. On Kyle hill, about two miles
from Burros-in-Ossory, is a rude seat of stone called
by the common people the Fairy Chair, and which is
supposed to have been a judgment-seat of the Brehons.
Near the south-western verge of the county is an ancient
Irish fortress, called Baiiuaghra, or " Kay's Strength,"
little known on account of its retired situation on the top
of a high hill surrounded by a deep circular fosse, with a
mound or wall on the summit. The other principal
relics are described under the heads of the parishes in
which they are situated. Monastic institutions, of a
very early date, were numerous ; but most of them have
so completely fallen into decay, that even their site
cannot now be ascertained. The ruins of Aghaboe,
whither the seat of the see of Ossory was removed from
its original situation at Saiger, in the King's county,
still exist in such a state of preservation as to afford
some idea of the ancient extent and character of the
buildings. The ruins of Aghmacart are also visible ; as
are traces of those of Killedelig, Killermogh, Mundre-
hid or Disert-Chuilin, and TeampuI-na-Cailliagh-dubh
near Aghaboe. The churches of Dysartenos and Killa-
bane have been preserved as parish churches. The
site of the monastery of Leix is known only by the
existence of the town of Abbeyleix : that of Timahoe
is conjectured, with much probability, from the round
tower there. Rostuirc was near the Slieve-Bloom
mountains ; Stradbally or Monaubealing stood near
the town of Stradbally ; and Teagh-Schotin and Slatey
were in Slievemargue : the sites of Cluainchaoin, Clu-
ainimurchir, Disert Fularthaigh, Disert Odrain, Kilfoe-
lain, and Leamchuil or Lahoil, are wholly unknown.
Among the remains of military antiquities is the Rock
of Dunamase, described in the account of the parish of
Dysartenos. Lea Castle, on the Barrow, eight miles
from Dunamase, is supposed to have been built about
the same period, its architecture much resembling that
of the other ; and it was still further secured by its
natural position, being protected on one side by the
Barrow, and on the other by a deep morass : it was in-
capable, however, of holding out against Cromwell, by
whom it was taken and destroyed. The castles of Shean,
Moret, Ballymanus, and five others in the same part of
the county, were built by Lord Mortimer, as posts of
defence for the English tenants whom he endeavoured to
settle on his estates. Shean or Sim Castle was built on
a conical hill ; though not of great extent, it was a place
of considerable strength, but not a vestige of it is
now in existence. Burros-in-Ossory was a strong fort
on the Nore, belonging to the Fitzpatricks, and the
great pass to Munster; it was the scene of a very bloody
engagement in the war of 1641. Ballygihin, Castle-
town, Watercastle, and Castlefleming, with several
others, belonged to branches of the family. Shanbogh,
in the same district, was a castellated mansion, which
served as a protection against the Rapparees who in-
438
QUEE
fested the deep woods with which this part of Ireland
was then covered. Grantstown, Ballagh, Clonbyrne,
Gortneclay, Coolkerry, and Kilbreedy are in the same
barony. Castlecuff, in Tinnehinch, built about 1641, by
Sir Charles Coote, celebrated for his military prowess, is
a very large ruin ; he also built the castle of Ruish-hall.
The castles of Clara, Ballinakill, Coolamona, Tinne-
hinch, and Castlebrack, are in the same district : the
last-named contains some subterraneous apartments,
which were opened and partially explored ; but pre-
senting nothing more than other small caves, and the
air being very foul, no attempt was made to penetrate
to the extremity of any of them. The ruins of a
castle at Ballyadaras, which gives name to the barony,
are still visible ; another is to be seen at Grange.
Shrule Castle was in the south-western extremity of the
county, near the town of Carlow. The entrance into
the ruins of Cloghgrennan Castle separated the county
of Carlow from the Queen's county. The remains of
Rathaspeck Castle were applied to the building of the
neighbouring parish church. A conical heap of stones
on the summit of a very lofty hill, near the boundary
of Stradbally barony, is known by the name of Cobler's
Castle. The chief modern mansions of the nobility and
gentry are noticed under the heads of their respective
parishes.
The middle classes of the gentry pay much attention
to the improvement and embellishment of their grounds ;
their dwelling-houses are handsome and convenient,
with suitable offices. The habitations of the peasantry,
though in many parts superior to those of the neigh-
bouring counties, are generally deficient in appearance
or in internal comfort. Abbeyleix and Castletown are
exceptions, much attention being paid to the houses
there ; in the baronies of Maryborough and Upper Os-
sory they are also comfortable, but in the northern
barony of Tinnehinch they are very poor, being little
better than hovels, and in the neighbourhood of the col-
lieries still worse. A plot of ground, of from half an
acre to an acre, is generally attached to the peasant's
hut, as a potato-garden, for which he pays in labour
from 20«. to 50s. rent. The fuel throughout the entire
county is turf, the coal being exclusively used, as already
observed, for manufacturing purposes : wood was
formerly so abundant, that a clause was introduced into
many old leases binding the tenant to use no other
kind of fuel ; and at the present time, the ancient cus-
tom of dues and services is inserted in many leases. A
strong attachment to old customs is pointed out, as one
of the striking characteristics of the peasantry : but
that this adherence is not caused by prejudice alone
is shewn by their adoption of improved practices of agri-
culture, when the success of others has ultimately con-
vinced them of their superior advantages. Another
fact, illustrative of this observation, is, that the pea-
santry in all parts, even in the mountainous districts,
speak English fluently ; the Irish being never heard,
except with some of the very old people. The custom
of frequenting wells for devotional purposes is declining
fast.
Of the chalybeate springs the most remarkable are
those at Cappard, Killeshin, Mountmellick, and Portarling-
ton : the first-named is the strongest, but none of them
are in much repute for their sanative qualities beyond
their own immediate neighbourhood. There is a very
Q U I N
singular artificial curiosity, called the Cut of Killcshin,
about three miles from Carlow, on the road to the col-
lieries. It is a pass through a lofty hill, above half a
mile long, and from 10 to 40 deep according to the rise
of the ground, but not more than four feet four inches
wide, cut through the solid rock, so that cars have barely
room to pass along it. The constant flow of water, and
the friction of the carriage wheels, have occasioned this
extraordinary excavation. The carrier, as he approached
the gap at either end shouted loudly, and the sound was
easily conveyed to the other extremity through the
cavity. If the cars met within the cut, the driver of
the empty car was bound to back out, a task of no small
difficulty along this narrow and ill-constructed road. A
new road has been opened, which has obviated the ne-
cessity of making use of this pass. Contiguous to the
cut are the ruins of Killeshin church, with an antique
aud highly ornamented entrance archway, surrounded
by an inscription in Saxon characters, now illegible.
Adjoining the church was a rath with a deep fosse.
This place was remarkable for having once been the
chief town in the county, though not a stone build-
ing of it is now standing, except the ruins just men-
tioned.
QUIN, a parish, in the union of Ennis, barony of
Upper Bunratty, county of Clare, and province of
MuNSTER, 54 miles (S. E.) from Ennis, on the old road
to Limerick ; containing 3634 inhabitants, of whom 1*3
are in the village. It was anciently called Quint, or
Quinchy ; and about 1250, an abbey was founded, which
was consumed by fire in 1'278. About the commence-
ment of the 1.5th century, according to the Annals of the
Four Masters, a monastery for Franciscan friars of the
Strict Observance was founded here by Sioda Cam INIac-
namara, which is said to have been the first house of
the Franciscan order in Ireland that admitted this refor-
mation. The buildings, the remains of which still exist,
were erected chiefly of a kind of black marble, by Macon
Dall Macnamara, lord of Glancoilean, whose tomb still
remains. The monastery with all its possessions was
granted, in 1583, to Sir Turlogh O'Brien, of Ennis
tymon ; and in 1604 the buildings were repaired. In
the vicinity, Teigue O'Brien, son of Sir Turlogh, who had
revolted from the English government, was defeated in
1601 by Capt. Flower and mortally wounded. The vil-
lage, which in 1841 contained 35 houses, is a station of
the constabulary police, and has a receiving-house for
letters under Newraarket-on-Fergus : fairs are held on
July 7th and Nov. 1st, and petty-sessions on alternate
'Wednesdays.
The parish comprises 9585 statute acres : the land is
chiefly in tillage, but there is a considerable portion of
rocky land, aifording a scanty, though rich pasturage :
together with about 3'20 acres of bog. Although there
is an abundance of limestone adapted both for building
and agricultural purposes, as well as a good supply of
sea-manure brought up the river Fergus, the state of
agriculture is rather backward. The Quin river, which
flows into the Fergus, abounds with fine eels. At Bally-
hickey is a productive lead-mine, worked by a mining
company ; the ore, which is of superior quality, is con-
veyed to Clare, where it is shipped for 'Wales. The seats
are, Quinville Abbey, a handsome mansion recently re-
built in the Elizabethan style ; Knopouge Castle, which
formerly belonged to the Macnamaras of Moriesk, and
439
QUIN
is one of the few ancient castles still inhabited ; Bally
kilty ; Dangan ; and Lough O'ConncU. From a turret oa
the summit of Mount Cullane, in the last-named demesne,
is obtained an extensive and interesting view of the
surrounding country, embracing a number of lakes, of
which that called Lough O'Connell lies immediately at
its base.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Killaloe. The rectory is united to those of Cloney,
Dowry, Kilragbtis, Templemaly, Kilmurrynegaul, and
the half-rectory of Tullagh, together constituting the
union of Ogashin, in the patronage of the 'Wyndham
family ; the vicarage is episcopally united to those of
Cloney and Dowry, together forming the union of Quin,
in the gift of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £131. 10. 9-, of which £53. 6. 1. are payable
to the rector, £60. 18. 5. to the vicar, and the remainder
to the prebendary of Tullagh : the gross tithe of the
rectorial union amounts to £371. 15. 5., and of the
vicarial union to £209. 17. 5. The glebe-house (in the
parish of Dowry), towards the erection of which the late
Board of First Fruits, in 182-2, granted £450 as a gift
and £200 as a loan, is a commodious residence ; the
glebe of the vicarial union comprises 15 acres. The
church is a small plain building with a low tower,
erected in 1792, by aid of a gift of £500 from the late
Board ; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately
granted £100 for its repair. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district comprising
also the parish of Cloney, each containing a chapel. A
new chapel was lately completed at Quin, a handsome
and spacious cruciform structure in the Gothic style,
with a portico of hewn stone ; the expense, £2000, was
defrayed by subscription. At the village is a dis-
pensary.
Quin abbey is considered to be one of the finest and
most complete remains of monastic antiquity in Ireland ;
it is situated on a gentle slope near a small stream,
having an ascent of several steps to the church, which
consists of a nave and chancel, with a tower in the
centre, and a chapel on the south side of the altar. In
the chapel is a rudely sculptured figure, in relief, of
some saint ; and in the chancel is the monument of the
fcmnder's family. The cloisters are adorned with
coupled pillars and ornamental buttresses ; and on three
sides of them extend respectively the refectory, the
dormitory, and a grand room to the north of the chancel,
under all of which are vaulted rooms. To the north of
the large room is a private way to a strong tower, the
walls of which are nearly ten feet thick ; and adjoining
the abbey are the remains of a building supposed to have
been appropriated to the accommodation of strangers.
The south end of the abbey is of superior workmanship
to the adjoining parts, but the whole is much disfigured
by the custom of burying within the walls. Besides the
castle of Knopouge, there are remains of the castles of
Ballymarkahan, Dangan, and Danganbrack. Dangan
Castle is said to be one of the oldest in Munster, having
been built by Philip de Clare, from whom the county of
Thomond has since been called Clare. It was, with
other possessions, granted by Charles II. to Pierse
Creagh for his services against Cromwell, and still
remains in the possession of the the descendants of the
original grantee. The castle was formerly a place of
some strength, and was of a quadrangular form, flanked
II ADD
R A H A
at each angle by a small round tower : from the centre
rose the donjon or keep. The ruins form a picturesque
object in the well-planted demesne of Dangan. The
castle of Danganbrack is now in the Scott family,
having, with Knopouge, been purchased from the Mac-
namaras.
R
RACAVAN, or Rathcavan, a parish, in the poor-
law union of Ballymena, barony of Lower Antrim,
county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, on the
road from Larne to Ballymena ; containing, with the
post-town of Broughshane (which is separately de-
scribed), 5356 inhabitants. This parish, which is also
called Rathcoon, is situated on the river Braid, and
comprises, including a small detached portion, 17,563
statute acres. The surface is boldly varied : there are
large tracts of mountain, bog, and waste ; the remainder
is arable land of a light gravelly soil. Several basaltic
quarries are in operation ; greenstone is found in great
abundance ; and near the base of Slemish, a detached
mountain of greenstone, gold is said to have been met
with. The parish contains four extensive bleach-greens,
with beetling-engines and other apparatus, in which to-
gether more than 100,000 webs of linen are finished an-
nually ; there is also a large mill for spinning linen
yarn, and the weaving of linen-cloth is extensively
carried on in various parts. A large fair is held at
Broughshane on the 17th of August, for horses, cattle,
and pigs ; and great numbers of carcases of pigs are
sold in the market every Tuesday, to the agents of the
Belfast merchants. The parish is within the jurisdiction
r)f the manorial court of Buckna, held every month at
Broughshane, for the recovery of debts not exceed-
ing £'20.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Connor,
forming part of the union of Skerry, or the Braid ;
the tithe rent-charge is .£^37. 12. ' The church, at
Broughshane, has been built within the last 60 years.
There is a place of worship for Presbyterians in con-
nexion with the General Assembly, a spacious handsome
building with a cupola containing a bell ; also for
Covenanters at Craigamuoy. An excellent institution
for the accommodation of the poor, and a society
affording clothing to 50 males and 50 females annually,
are supported by subscription. Mr. Jamieson, in IS'^Q,
bequeathed £600 to the poor, but the legacy has not
been paid over for that purpose. There is a small,
ancient churchyard at some distance from the main
road, and difficult of access ; it is of triangular form
and well walled, and is now used exclusively as a burial-
place for Presbyterians.
RADDONSTOWN, or Balroddan, a parish, in the
union of Celbridge, barony of Upper Deece, county
of Meath, and province of Leinster, If mile (N. E.)
from Kilcock, on one of the roads to Maynooth ; con-
taining 634 inhabitants. This parish comprises 1621
statute acres of excellent land, about one-half of which
is under tillage, and the remainder meadow and pasture:
440
the system of agriculture is in an improved state, and
there is no waste land : coal is found, but is not worked.
The principal seats are Dollandstown, Newtown Pros-
pect, Bridestream, Colgath, and Raddonstown. The
Royal Canal from Dublin passes the southern extremity
of the parish. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of
Meath, united from time immemorial to the rectories of
Balfeighan and Kilcloan, and in the patronage of the
Crown. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £90, and
the gross rent-charge of the benefice £238. 16. 11. : the
glebe, situated at Balfeighan, consists of half an acre.
The church is an ancient plain edifice. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of
Batterstown : the chapel is a small edifice. The late
Rev. W. Tew bequeathed £200, of which he appropriated
the interest to the payment of a schoolmaster and
schoolmistress for the gratuitous instruction of children ;
also £50 for annual distribution among the poor : no
school, however, has been yet established, and the
money is lodged with the Commissioners of Charitable
Bequests. There is a dispensary. Near Raddonstown
is a perfect Danish fort.
RAFRAN, county Mayo. — See Templemurry. '
RAGHERY, or Raghlin.— See Rathlin.
RAHAN, a parish, in the union of Mallow, barony
of Fermoy, county of Cork, and province of Munster,
2| miles (E.) from Mallow, on the road to Fermoy, and
on the river Blackwater ; containing 4061 inhabitants.
At Carrigoon, on the north side of the river, was a gar-
rison for James II. ; and nearly opposite to it stood the
castle of Ballymagooly, garrisoned by the English, and
the relief of which occasioned the battle of Bottle hill,
in this neighbourhood. A grant of a market and two
fairs was made in the 36th of Charles II., with a court
of pie poudre for the manor of Cotterborough ; but they
are not now held. The parish, which comprises 10,083
statute acres, lies partly on the nortl^, but chiefly on the
south, side of the Blackwater. The arable land is in
general good, and there is a considerable portion of re-
claimable mountain, with some excellent bog, from
which the Mallow market is partly supplied with fuel ;
limestone abounds, and is used for building and agri-
cultural purposes. The state of agriculture has of late
years been much improved. Rockforest, the spacious
and handsome mansion of Sir J. L. Cotter, Bart., is
beautifully situated on a rising ground between the
Blackwater and the Lavally mountain, in an extensive
and richly wooded demesne bounded on the north by
the river, which sweeps boldly under the rock of Carrig,
the woods and castellated tower on the summit of the
rock forming a most picturesque and interesting scene.
The other seats are Rockforest Lodge and Ballymagooly,
the latter noticed under the head of the village of that
name.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and
in the patronage of the Bishop : the rectory is impro-
priate in Richard Longfield, Esq. The parish was
formerly united to that of Carrigleamleary, but was
separated about 40 years since, when a portion of the
latter was attached to Rahan to make the division more
equal. The tithe rent-charge, amounting to £363. 9. 3.,
is payable in equal portions to the impropriator and the
vicar : there is neither glebe-house nor glebe. The
church is a small neat structure with a low square
tower, towards the erection of which, in 1792, the late
R A H A
R A H E
Board of First Fruits gave £500, and it was also aided
by a donation of £200 from the late Sir J. L. Cotter, to
whose memory and that of his lady it contains a neat
tnural monument ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
lately granted £142 for its thorough repair. la the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the
district of Ballinamona, but chiefly in that of Mallow.
The parochial school, at Cotterborough, near Bally-
magooly, is a neat building comprising two large school-
rooms, with apartments for the master and mistress,
erected in IH'23 under the auspices of the late vicar, at
un expense of about £250, of which £100 were a grant
from the Lord- Lieutenant's fund; it is chiefly supported
by subscription. The late H. J. Cotter, Esq., in 1831,
bequeathed a small estate now producing about £116
per annum, together with a sum of money (which it is
feared will be lost), in trust to promote the scriptural
education of the poor ; the rents of the estate are not,
however, yet available for the purpose, being in the
hands of the Commissioners of Charitable Bequests to-
wards defraying the expenses of a law-suit, instituted to
set aside the will, but which was subsequently confirmed
by a decree of the lord chancellor. The Rev. George
Brcreton, formerly vicar of Rahan, bequeathed £200
late currency, the interest of which is annually distri-
buted at Christmas to six poor persons on the church
list ; he also bequeathed £30 to purchase a church bell,
and a similar sum for completing the parochial school-
house. Some remains of the old parochial church still
exist.
RAHAN, or Raghan, a parish, in the union of Tul-
i,.AMORE, barony of Ballycowan, King's county, and
province of Leinster, 3^ miles (W.) from Tullamore ;
containing 4311 inhabitants. This parish, which is
situated on the river Clodagh, comprises 14,986 statute
acres ; the land, though varying greatly in quality, is in
general good and in a profitable state of cultivation.
Limestone is quarried for building and for agricultural
purposes, and there is an adequate quantity of bog.
Rahan is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, forming
part of the union of Fircall or Killaughey ; the rectory
is impropriate in the Marquess of Downshire, and the
tithe rent-chage is £157. 9-, of which £103. 17. are pay-
able to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
vicar. A portion of the parish, including 6613 statute
acres, has been formed into a district parish, and a per-
petual curacy instituted, of which the incumbent of Fir-
call is patron : the income of the curate is £107. '■,
arising from a stipend of £55. 7. paid by the incum-
bent, £37 from Primate Boulter's augmentation fund,
and 10 acres of glebe valued at £15 per annum. The
glebe-house was built in 1817, at an expense of £500, of
which £450 were a gift and £50 a loan from the late
Board of First Fruits. The church, which is annexed
to the curacy, is a small edifice, erected in 1732 ; and
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £l66
for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, called Killina, and com-
prising also the parish of Lynally ; there are chapels at
Killina and Kilpatrick, and one in the parish of Lynally.
A chapel, also, is annexed to the Roman Catholic col-
lege at Tullabeg, founded in ISIS for the education of
young gentlemen, under a rector and seven professors
belonging to the order of Jesus ; and there is a Pre-
sentation convent.
Vol. IL— 441
RAHARNEY, a village, in the parish of Killvcan,
union of Mullingar, barony of Farbill, county of
Westmeath, and province of Leinsterj containing
190 inhabitants.
RAHARROW, or Rahara, a parish, in the union
and barony of Athlone, county of Roscommon, and
province of Connauoiit, 9 miles (N. \V.) from Athlone,
on the roads from that place to Athleague and Roscom-
mon ; containing 1514 inhabitants. It comprises 5362^
statute acres of tolerably good land, chiefly in tillage,
with a small portion of bog ; the state of agriculture is
improving. Limestone is found in the parish ; and
within its limits is Lough Puncheon, more commonly
called Ballagh Lough from a hamlet of that name at its
northern extremity : it is the largest sheet of water in
the barony, extending two miles in length, and contain-
ing some islands, besides a large promontory, which is
occasionally insulated ; the lough is bounded on the
north-east by hills, but its borders are elsewhere flat and
marshy, and it has on the whole a bleak appearance.
The seats are Longfield, Caltra Lodge, Coburg Lodge,
and Rahara. Petty-sessions are held once a fortnight
at the Four Roads. The parish is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Elphin, forming part of the union of Killen-
voy : the rectory is impropriate in the Incorporated
Society. The tithe rent-charge is £93. 4., of which
£49. 14. are payable to the vicar, and the remainder to
the impropriators ; there is a glebe of 10 acres, let for
£10. 1. per anntim. In the Roman Catholic divisions
Raharrow is part of the district of St. John's, and con-
tains a chapel.
RAHELTY, a parish, in the union of Thurles,
barony of Eliogartv, county of Tipperary, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 2| miles (N. N. E.) from Thurles ;
containing 1765 inhabitants, and comprising 4875 sta-
tute acres. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel,
forming part of the ecclesiastical union of Thurles : the
rectory is impropriate in E. Taylor, Esq., and the tithe
rent-charge is £145. 10., of which £72 are payable to
the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In
the Roman Catholic divisions also the parish is part of
the union or district of Thurles. The old castle of
Rahclty still exists.
RAHENY, a parish, in the union of North Dub-
lin, barony of Coolock, county of Dublin, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4:^ miles (N. E.) from the Post-office,
Dublin, on the road to Howth ; containing 7-2 inhabit-
ants, of whom 295 are in the village. This place, for-
merly called Rathenny, derived its name from an ancient
rath or moat in the centre of the village, overhanging a
small stream ; and is supposed to have formed part of
the district called Rechen, which, together with Baeldu-
leek (Baldoyle) and Portrahern {Portrane), was granted
by Anlave, King of Dublin, to the church of the Holy
Trinity, in 1040. It is also noticed under the name of
Rathena, by Archdall, as the birth-place or residence of
a saint about the year 570, at which time there may
have been a religious establishment. The celebrated
battle of Clontarf took place in the immediate vicinity ;
and Raheny was probably a post of some importance,
as commanding the pass of the small river which flows
beneath the rath in the village. The parish, which
comprises 920:^ statute acres, is bounded on the cast by
the sea : the soil is in general of good quality. The
greater portion is meadow and pasture, and the arable
R A H O
R A M E
land produces excellent crops of wheat ; the system of
agriculture is in a very improved state, and there is nei-
ther waste nor bog. Limestone of good quality is abun-
dant, and is quarried for building and for agricultural
purposes. The chief seats are, the Manor House, erected
by a branch of the Grace family ; Fox Hall ; Mayville ;
Raheny Park ; and Edenmore. A constabulary police
force is stationed in the village, which has also a re-
ceiving-house for letters ; and petty-sessions are held
there on alternate Thursdays. The living is a rectory,
in the diocese of Dublin, and in the patronage of the
Crown : the tithe rent-charge is £10.") ; the glebe-house
is a good residence, and the glebe comprises 34 acres of
very profitable land. The church is a small plain edifice,
built in 171'2. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the union of Clontarf. There is a
dispensary in the village ; and the late Mrs. Preston, in
1S31, bequeathed £100 for the poor of the parish.
RAHILL and BROUGHLSTOWN, a parish, in the
union of Baltinglass, barony of Rathvilly, county
of Carlow, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (S.)
from Baltinglass ; containing 493 inhabitants. This
parish is situated at the northern extremity of the
county, on the confines of Wicklow, and is bounded on
the east by the river Slaney : it comprises 2684:|: statute
acres, about four-fifths of which consist of meadow and
pasture, and the remainder of arable land, with a few
acres of bog. It is a rectory and impropriate cure, in
the diocese of Leighlin ; the rectory is appropriate to
the dean and chapter, and the curacy forms part of the
union of Rathvilly. In the Roman Catholic divisions,
also, the parish is included in the union or district of
Rathvilly. On the townland of Rahill are the ruins of
the church, with a burial-ground attached ; the sur-
rounding scenery is of a pleasing character, embracing
the mountains of Cadeen and Lugnaquilla, in the ad-
joining county of Wicklow.
RAHOON, a parish, in the union of Galway, partly
in the baronies of Galway and Moycullen, county of
Galway, but chiefly in the county of the town of Gal-
way, and province of Connaught, 3i miles (W.) from
Galway, on the road to Oughterard ; containing, with
the village of Freeport, 14,433 inhabitants. This place
is situated on the bay of Galway, and partly on the road
along the coast. The village of Freeport was formerly
much frequented as a fishing-station ; there is still a
quay, erected by the Fishery Board, but it is at present
of very little use and much out of repair. Mutton
Island, in the harbour of Galway, is connected with the
main land by a ridge of sand which is dry at low water ;
and a light has been placed on it to facilitate the navi-
gation of the bay. The parish comprises 15,169 statute
acres of land, of very inferior quaUty, and principally in
pasture. Fairs are held at Barna on the 5th of Feb.,
May, Aug., and November. The parish is a rectory
and perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Tuam ; the rec-
tory forming part of the union of St. Nicholas, or war-
denship of Galway ; and the perpetual curacy, part of
the union of Kilcummin. The tithe rent-charge is
£87. 16., and the glebe comprises 34 statute acres. In
the Roman Catholic divisions Rahoon is in the diocese
of Galway, and co-extensive with the parish of the Es-
tablished Church : there are two chapels, situated re-
spectively at Bushy Park and Barna; and a Presen-
tation convent, in which is a school for ' poor girls,
442
who are gratuitously instructed by the ladies of that
institution.
RAHUE, Rathue, or Rathugh, a parish, in the
union of Tullamore, barony of Moycashel, county of
Westmeath, and province of Leinster, 4,: miles (S.
by E.) from Kilbeggan, on the road to Philipstown -^
containing 1255 inhabitants. A monastery was founded
here in the sixth century by St. Aid, who died in 588.
The parish comprises 49/3^ statute acres : the soil is in
general light, and there is a small portion of bog ; the
state of agriculture is rather backward. A branch from
the Grand Canal at Ballycommon passes through. Ra-
hue is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, forming part
of the union of Ardnurcher ; the rectory is impropriate
in the Marquess of Downshire, and the tithe rent-charge
is £76. 3., of which £48. 9- are payable to the impro-
priator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Kilbeggan ; the chapel is at Little Ross, and there is a
meeting-house for Baptists at Rathugh. At Rathugh
are two large raths, or moats, from which the place
derives its name ; and there is a third at a short dis-
tance : one of these, which is very remarkable, is sup-
posed to have been the mausoleum of a native prince.
At Ballybroider are vestiges of an old fortified house,
and there are vestiges of another at Little Ross.
RAIGH, or Roy, an island, in the parish of Mevagh,
union of Milford, barony of Kilmacrenan, county
of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 5 miles (N. E.)
from Glen ; containing 'i inhabitants. It is situated
in Mulroy bay, and contains 91^ statute acres of pas-
ture land. At low water, the strand between it and the
main land is dry.
RALOO, or Ralloo, a parish, in the union of Larne,
barony of Lower Belfast, county of Antrim, and
province of Ulster, 5^ miles (N.) from Carrickfergus ;
containing 2179 inhabitants. It comprises 6l05|- statute
acres of land, of which about one-fourth is of good and
one-fourth of medium quality, and the remainder boggy
and mountainous. It is a rectory, in the diocese of
Connor, till lately constituting part of the union of Car-
rickfergus and corps of the deanery of Connor : the
tithe rent-charge is £111. 9. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is part of the district of Larne and
Carrickfergus.
RAMELTON, a market and post town, in the parish
of AuGHNisH, union of Milford, barony of Kilma-
CRENAN, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster,
19 miles (N. N. W.) from Lifford, and 123i (\. W. by N.)
from Dublin ; containing 1428 inhabitants. Sir Wm.
Stewart, Knt., who was much in favour with James I.,
became an undertaker for the plantation of escheated
lands, of which he obtained a grant or patent of 1000
acres in this vicinity; and was created a baronet of
Ireland in 1623. At the time of Pynnar's Survey he
had built a strong bawn here, 80 feet square and 16
feet high, with four flankers, and a strong and hand-
some castle ; and contiguous to these he had built the
town, containing 45 houses, inhabited by 57 British
families ; he had also nearly completed the erection of a
church : the place was then considered well situated for
military defence. The town stands on the river Lenon,
which here empties itself into Lough Swilly and is
navigable for small vessels : it consists of three streets,
containing 272 houses, and is admirably adapted for
R A M O
U A M S
mannfactures of every description. Here are extensive
corn-mills, a brewery, bleach-green, and linen manufac-
tory ; and a considerable quantity of liuen is made by
hand in the vicinity. In the excise arrangements the
town is within the district of Londonderry. A market
for provisions is held on Tuesday, and on Thursday and
Saturday for corn ; fairs are held on the Tuesday next
after May '20th, on Nov. 15th, and the Tuesday after
Dec. 11th. A chief constabulary police force is sta-
tioned in the town, and petty-sessions are held on alter-
nate Thursdays. There is a salmon-fishery, producing
about £500 annually ; the fish are considered to be in
season throughout the year, and are mostly exported to
England. In the town are, the parochial church ;
meeting-houses for Presbyterians in connexion with the
General Assembly, and for Methodists ; a small fever
hospital ; and a dispensary. A loan fund has been
established ; also a ladies' society, and a shop for the
sale of clothes at reduced prices to the poor. On the
shore of Lough Swilly is Fort-Stewart, the residence of
Sir Jas. Stewart, surrounded by au extensive and well
planted demesne ; and at a short distance to the north-
east is Fort-Stewart Castle, erected by Sir William,
the original patentee of the surrounding lands. Pearls
of considerable value are occasionally found in the river
Lcnon.
RAMOAN, or Rathmoran, a parish, in the barony
of Carey, union of Ballycastle, county of Antrim,
and province of Ulster ; containing, with the post-
town of Ballycastle (which is separately described),
480" inhabitants. This place, called also Rathmona,
signifying " the fort in the bog," is situated on the sea-
shore, and forms the western boundary of Ballycastle
bay. The coast, consisting of bold precipitous cliffs, is
here too abrupt to afford a convenient landing-place,
except the quay at Ballycastle, which was constructed
at considerable expense, though now in a dilapidated
state. The parish comprises 12,0665 statute acres,
principally under cultivation ; the system of agricul-
ture is highly improved, but, the lands in several
parts being very much exposed, the wheat does not
ripen well. The quality of the soil differs much, but it
is in general productive, and the extensive mountain of
Knocklaide affords good pasturage : the mountain is
one of the highest in the county, half being within this
parish, and the other half in that of Armoy ; its sum-
mit is 16S5 feet above the level of the sea at low water.
There are considerable tracts of bog near the Coleraine
road, and of waste land in the line towards the Giants'
Causeway, and near the base of Knocklaide. Coal of
excellent quality is found, but no mines have been
opened, though the collieries in the adjoining parish of
Culfeightrim, usually known as the Ballycastle collieries,
were formerly worked on a considerable scale. Supe-
rior freestone, in colour and grain equal to Portland
stone, is quarried here, but not to any great extent.
The spinning of linen-yarn, and the weaving of cloth,
are carried on in some of the farmhouses. A market
and fairs, and courts leet and baron, are held at
Ballycastle. The chief seats are Clare Park and Glen-
bank.
The LIVING was formerly a vicarage united to that of
Culfeightrim, the rectories of which, from 1609, were
appropriate to the chancellorship of Connor, till 1831,
when, on the decease of Dr. Trail, the last chancellor,
443
Ramoan became a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Connor, under the provisions of the act of the 5th
of George IV., cap. 80 ; now constituting the corps of the
chancellorship, with cure of souls, in the patronage of
the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £300 : the glebe-
house was built in 1809, at an expense of £480, of
which £369 were a gift, and £110 a loan, from the late
Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises '26 acres of
good arable land, valued .it £39 per annum. The
church is a small edifice, built in 1812, at an expense
of £369, a loan from the same Board : it contains some
very ancient monuments, preserved from the former
structure. There is also an endowed church, or chapel,
at Ballycastle. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is called Ballycastle ; it contains two chapels,
one in the town, the other at Glenslush. There are two
places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with
the General Assembly, one of which is in the town, and
the other near the church ; also a Methodist meeting-
house. At Ballycastle are almshouses founded by
Hugh Boyd, Esq., who also endowed a charter school,
now discontinued, near the church, with 12 acres of
land.
On the summit of Knocklaide is a tumulus called
Cairn-an-Truagh, said traditionally to be the burial-
place of three Danish princesses. There are several
raths in the parish, some terminating in a pointed apex,
and others flat on the top like a truncated cone ; of the
latter sort, one, within a quarter of a mile of the town,
is called Dun-a-Mallaglit, the " cursed fort." The castle
of Doonaiiintiey stands on a bold headland, 300 feet
above the level of the sea, commanding the channel and
the isle of Rathlin : two miles westward are the noble
and romantic ruins of Kinbcme, or Kenbann, Castle,
built on a projecting cliff of Umestone rock running out
several hundred feet into the sea, under some headlands
which rise 280 feet above the ruins. In the townland
of Ballycastle are the remains of the edifice which gave
name to the place ; an uninteresting gable is all that
exists : about two miles hence, on the Glenslush water,
are the ruins of a very extraordinary castle, called
Gobati'Saur, once the residence of the powerful chieftain
O'Cahan. Immediately adjoining the quay of Bally-
castle are the interesting ruins of the abbey of Boiui-
margy, founded by Mac Donnell, in 1509, and which
was perhaps the latest erected in Ireland for Franciscan
monks ; the chapel is in tolerable preservation, being
the burial-place of the Antrim family. According to
Archdall, St. Patrick founded a religious house here,
called Rath-Moane, in which he placed St. Ereclasius.
Vast quantities of beautiful pebbles are found along the
shore, among which are chalcedony, opal, dentrites, and
belemnites. On the lands of Drumans, on the side of
the great mountain of Knocklaide, is a spring, the
waters of which are strongly chalybeate and may be
conveyed to distant places without any diminution of
their effect.
RAMSGRAXGE, a village, in the parish of St.
James, union of New Ross, barony of Shelbirne,
county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 9 miles
(S.) from New Ross, and on the road from Arthurs-
town to Salt Mills ; containing 1S3 inhabitants. Here
is a Roman Catholic chapel, lately built, belonging to
the union or district of Hook ; near it is a residence
for the priest.
3L2
RAND
R A PH
RAM'S ISLAND, in the parish of Glenavy, barony
of Upper Massereene, county of Antrim, and pro-
vince of Ulster ; containing 5 inhabitants. This small
island, which is situated about two miles from the
eastern shore of Lough Neagh, comprises 6| statute
acres ; it is partially planted with fruit-trees, and other-
wise improved and ornamented, and the remains of its
ancient round tower form an interesting object from the
shores of the lake. The tower, of which 43 feet still
remain, is divided into three stories, and has an entrance
on the south-west nearly level with the ground ; in the
second story is a window facing the south-east, and in
the third another facing the north. About 65 feet from
the ground are the remains of some letters or characters,
cut on the stones in the interior, but so obliterated by
time as to be now illegible.
RANDALSTOWN, a market and post town, and
formerly a parliamentary borough, in the parish of
Drummaul, barony of Upper Toome, union and
county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 17^ miles
(N. W.by W.) from Belfast, and 97i (N.) from Dublin,
at the junction of the coach-roads from Coleraine and
Magherafelt to Belfast ; containing 588 inhabitants.
This place, which is situated on the river Maine, was
from that circumstance called Mainwater, and also Iron-
H'orks from the forges and furnaces formerly in exten-
sive operation, and of which there are still some re-
mains. In the war of the Revolution the town was the
head-quarters of the Earl of Antrim's forces, who
marched hence for the siege of Londonderry ; and in
the disturbances of 1/98, a body of the insurgent forces
attacked it, burned the market-house, and continued
their devastations till the approach of Colonels Claver-
ing and Durham, on the evening of the same day, when
they retreated to Toome bridge. In 1683, Charles II.,
in consideration of a fine of £200, granted to Rose,
Marchioness of Antrim, the manor of Edenduffcarrick,
with all its rights and privileges ; and constituted the
town of Iron-Works a free borough, with power to re-
turn two members to parliament, to be chosen by the
majority of the inhabitants, on precept to the seneschal
of the manor issued by the sheriffs of Antrim. The
borough continued to return two members till the
Union, when the franchise was abolished.
The TOWN is situated on the western bank of the
river Maine, over which is a handsome bridge of nine
arches; and contains 116 houses, neatly built and of
pleasing appearance. It formerly had barracks for the
staff of the county militia, whose head-quarters and
depot were here ; but the depot having been removed
on the death of the Earl O'Neill, in 1841, to Belfast,
the barracks have been remodelled by the present Vis-
count and fitted up in several apartments for offices for
his head agent and clerks, with spacious ante-rooms
for the tenantry in waiting. There is a good inn near
the bridge ; and the Belfast and Ballymena railway has
a branch to this place, two British miles in length. The
chief trade is the spinning of cotton and the weaving of
calico, for which there are extensive mills ; in these,
more than 600 persons are employed ; and there is a
large bleach-green. The market is on Wednesday, and
is abundantly supplied with wheat, flour, meal, and
pork, great quantities of wheat and pork being sent to
Belfast; fairs are held on July I6th and Nov. 1st,
chiefly for cattle and pigs. The market-house, in which
444
are an asserably-room and rooms for holding the vari-
ous courts, is a neat and well-arranged building. There
is a constabulary police station in the town, and petly-
sessions are held on alternate Tuesdays. A court baron
for the manor, which is the property of Viscount
O'Neill, is held before the seneschal every month, at
which debts not exceeding £'20 are recoverable ; and
there is a court leet annually, at which a weigh-master,
a market jury, and constables are appointed, and some
small presentments made for the repair of the court-
house and other purposes. The parish church, a hand-
some structure in the early English style, with an octa-
gonal spire, is situated in the town ; in which are also a
spacious and well-built Roman Catholic chapel, three
Presbyterian places of worship, and a dispensary. In
the immediate vicinity is Shane's Castle, park, and de-
mesne, noticed more particularly in the article on Drum-
maul.
RANELAGH, a village, in the parish of St. Peter,
union of South Dublin, barony of Uppercross,
county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, li mile
(S. by E.) from the General Post-office, Dublin, on the
road to Enniskerry ; containing 2290 inhabitants. It
is divided into North and South, consists of 3.5S houses,
and has a receiving-house for letters under Dublin.
Here is a nunnery of the Carmelite order, with a chapel
attached : a school for poor girls is gratuitously con-
ducted by the nuns. In the vicinity are several avenues,
in which are a number of neat villas ; also the extensive
nursery grounds of Messrs. Toole and Co. Adjoining
the village is CuUenswood, noted for a dreadful massacre
by the native Irish, of upwards of 500 citizens (a colony
from Bristol), who on Easter-Monday, 1209, went out
to divert themselves near the wood, where they were
surprised and slaughtered. The day was afterwards
called "Black Monday," and the place is still known by
the name of the " Bloody Fields."
RAPEMILLS, a hamlet, in the parish of Reynagh,
union of Parsonstown, barony of Garrycastle,
King's county, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (S.)
from Banagher, on the road to Parsonstown ; containing
about 9 houses and 64 inhabitants. It takes its name
from some rape-mills erected here.
RAPHOE, a market and post town, a parish, and
the seat of a diocese, in the union of Strabane, barony
of Raphoe, county of Donegal, and province of
Ulster, 5 miles (N. W.) from Lifford, and U3|- (N. by
\V.) from Dublin, on the road from Strabane to Stranor-
lar ; containing 5694 inhabitants, of whom 1362 are in
the town. This place, anciently called Rathboth, ap-
pears to have derived both its early and present import-
ance from the foundation of an extensive monastery
here by St. Columb, which, after its restoration by St.
Adamnanus, who died in 703, continued to flourish,
and was soon made the seat of a bishopric. The town
consists chiefly of three small streets branching off from
a market-place of triangular form, and contains 261
houses, which are neatly built ; the whole of the sur-
rounding scenery is agreeably diversified, and in the
neighbourhood are some interesting views. The market
is on Saturday, chiefly for meal and potatoes, and occa-
sionally for linen-yarn ; besides which, large markets
are held on the first Saturday (O.S.) in Jan., Feb.,
March, April, and December; and fairs on May 1st,
June 22nd, Aug. 27th, and Nov. 4th. The market-
R A P H
R A P H
of the Bishopric.
house is a neat building. In the excise arrangements
the town is within the district of Londonderry : it is the
head-quarters of the constabulary police for the county,
and the residence of the sub-inspector ; and petty-ses-
sions are held on alternate Saturdays. The parish,
which is situated in the centre of the champaign dis-
trict of the county, comprises \3,'i'Z4^ statute acres ;
the land is generally of good quality, and in a state of
profitable cultivation. The only seat in the parish, be-
sides the glebe-house, is Green Hills.
The See appears to have
originated during the abbacy
of St. Eunaii, who converted
the church of the monas-
tery into a cathedral and
became the first bishop, but
at what date cannot be pre-
cisely ascertained; nor is any
thing more recorded of his
successors prior to the Eng-
lish invasion than the mere
names of one or two prelates,
of whom the last, Aengus,
died in 957. Gilbert O'Laran, who was consecrated in
1 160, was a subscribing witness to a charter of confirm-
ation granted by Maurice M'Loughlin, King of Ire-
land, to the abbey of Newry, and is in that deed de-
scribed as Bishop of Tirconnel, from the name of the
territory in which the church of Raphoe is situated.
During the prelacy of Carbiac O'Scoba, who succeeded
in 1266, part of the diocese was forcibly taken away by
German OCherballen, Bishop of Derry, and added to
that see ; in 1360, Patrick Magonail erected episcopal
palaces in three manors belonging to the see of Raphoe.
The last Roman Catholic bishop, previously to the Re-
formation, was Donut Magonail, who assisted at the
Council of Trent in 1563 ; and the first Protestant
bishop was George Montgomery, a native of Scotland,
who had been dean of Norwich and chaplain of James
I., and was consecrated to this see in 1605. Robert
Huntingdon, celebrated for his extensive attainments in
oriental literature, and his assiduity in collecting, during
VZ years' residence at Aleppo, a valuable series of orien-
tal manuscripts, of which many are in the Bodleian
library at Oxford, and who had, while provost of Dublin
University, been instrumental in printing the Old Testa-
ment in the Irish language, was appointed Bishop of
Raphoe in 1701, but lived only 1'2 days after his con-
secration. John Pooley, who succeeded in 170'i, repaired
the palace, and enlarged the cathedral by the addition
of a north and south transept, rendering it perfectly
cruciform. From 1605 the see was held as a separate
diocese till the passing of the Church Temporalities' act
of the 3rd of William IV., by which it was enacted that,
on the next avoidance, it should be united to the see of
■ Derry ; which union, on the decease of the late fC. Bisset,
D.D., in 1835, was carried into effect, and the tempo-
ralities became vested in the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners.
It is one of the sixteen suffragan bishoprics that
constitute the ecclesiastical province of Armagh ; and
comprehends the greater part of the county of Donegal,
extending for 55 miles in length and 40 miles in breadth,
and comprising an estimated superficies of 515,'250
statute acres. The lands belonging to the see comprise
443
1392 acres of profitable land, consisting of the town
parks ; and the gross annual revenue, on an average of
three years ending on January 1st, 1832, amounted to
£5787. 8. The revenue received by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners, in 1844, was £6337. The chapter con-
sists of a dean, archdeacon, and the four prebendaries
of Drumholm, Killymard, Inver, and Clondehorky. The
consistorial court is held at Raphoe, and consists of a
vicar-general, a surrogate, a registrar, deputy-registrar,
and two proctors. The registrar is keeper of the re-
cords, which are of modern date ; all prior to 1691 are
supposed to have been destroyed when the castle was
taken by Cromwell, or when it was plundered and
burned by the soldiers of James II. The total number
of parishes is 34 (of which 5 are district parishes), com-
prehended in 34 single benefices, including 5 perpetual
curacies ; of these benefices, 5 are in the patronage of
the Crown, 15 in that of the Bishop, '2 in the patronage
of incumbents, and the remainder in lay patronage :
there are 34 churches, and 28 glebe-houses. The ca-
thedral, which is also the parochial church of Raphoe,
and to the repair of which the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners recently granted £1005, is a plain, ancient, cru-
ciform structure, with a square tower added to it by
Bishop Forster in 1737, as appears by that date on a
stone over the door : there is no economy fund. The
Episcopal palace, originally a strong castle, stood in the
immediate vicinity of the town, and was a very hand-
some and spacious castellated building, in tastefully dis-
posed grounds: it was burnt on November 17th, 1839,
by an accidental fire, caused, as is supposed, by embers
falling from a grate in an upper chamber, during uight ;
no part of the building now remains, with the exception
of the outer walls and offices. The demesne, and part
of the mensal lands, are let on lease by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. The deanery-house which is also the
glebe-house of the parish, was built in 1739, at an ex-
pense of £1680, and has been subsequently enlarged
and improved from their own funds by various succes-
sive incumbents ; it is pleasantly situated about a mile
from the town. In the Roman Catholic divisions the dio-
cese is co-extensive with that of the Protestant see ; it
comprehends 24 benefices, containing 36 chapels, which
are served by 50 clergymen, of whom "24 are parish
priests and 26 are coadjutors or curates. The bishop's
parishes are Conwal and Aughnish ; the cathedral
is at Letterkenny, where is also the bishop's resi-
dence.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Raphoe, formerly united to the rectories of Stranor-
lar. Leek, and Killygarvan, and the chapelry of Letter-
macaward, from which, by act of council in 1835, this
parish was separated. Raphoe now solely constitutes
the corps of the deanery. The tithe rent-charge is
£675, and the glebe comprises 150 acres, valued at
£150 per annum; the other lauds belonging to the
deanery comprise 2;0li statute acres extending over
several parishes, which, with the rents and renewal
fines, produce £426 per annum, making the gross annual
revenue of the deanery £1251. In the Roman Catholic-
divisions the parish is the head of a district, including
also the parish of Conwal, in which is a chapel. There
is a place of worship for Presbyterians in connexion
with the General Assembly. The Royal free grammar
school was founded by Charles I., who endowed it with
RASH
RATA
lands in the western part of the county, comprising
from 5000 to 6000 acres, of which 1400 are profitable,
and the remainder bog and mountain, producing together
an annual income of £550 : the school-house was rebuilt
in 1737, and enlarged in 1S30, and is a spacious and
handsome building ; attached to it is a valuable library
containing more than 3000 volumes, founded by Bishop
Forster and Dr. Hall for the use of the clergy of the
diocese. Of three other public schools, the parochial
school is partly supported by annual donations from
Colonel Robertson's fund, and a female working school
is supported by the dean. An asylum for four poor
clergymen's widows was founded by Bishop Forster,
who endowed it with lands now producing to each £50
per annum ; the house, which is well adapted for the
purpose, was purchased by the founder during his
lifetime, and is situated in the town. There is also a
dispensary.
RASHARKIN, a parish, in the union of Bally-
money, barony of Kilconway, county of Antrim, and
province of Ulster, 2| miles (E.) from Kilrea, on the
road to Ballymena ; containing 7507 inhabitants. This
parish, called also Rath-Arkin and Magherasharkin, lies
on the border of the county of Londonderry, from which
it is separated by the river Bann. It is six miles long
and five broad, and comprises 19,337|- statute acres, of
which a very large quantity is mountain waste land, or
bog ; the remainder is of a light soil, but of excellent
quality for flax, potatoes, oats, and clover : the system
of agriculture in some parts is very good, in others the
reverse. The linen manufacture is carried on to a con-
siderable extent, the cloth being sold at Ballymena ;
and there are two bleach-greens, one at Dunroin, in
which about 34,000 webs are annually bleached ; the
other at Dunminning, which bleaches about '20,000
webs, principally for the English market. The pro-
prietors have elegant residences attached to their re-
spective establishments. At Killymurris, an extensive
vein of coal, chiefly of the kind called cannel, is very
productive, though by no means skilfully wrought :
there are also some quarries of basalt in the parish,
from which the stone is raised for building and road-
making. The Bann is navigable from Lough Neagh
to Portna, where there is a convenient wharf, and
considerable business is done at times. A fair for
cattle and pedlery is held annually in the village of
Rasharkin, which is also a chief constabulary police
station.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Connor,
united by charter of James L to the rectories of Finvoy,
Kilraghts, and Kildallock grange, together forming the
corps of the prebend of Rasharkin in the cathedral of
Connor, in the patronage of the Bishop. The rectory
is impropriate. One portion of the rectorial tithe rent-
charge, amounting to £41. 16. 9., belongs to Robert
Harvey, Esq. ; two other portions, amounting to
£76. 7. 6., belong, one moiety to Sir Thomas Staples,
Bart., and the other to Edward Caulfield, Esq.; the
residue, £34. 12. 4., has been appropriated to the use of
Castle-Dawson chapelry. The vicarial tithe of the pa-
rish, payable to the incumbent, is £l66. 15.; and the
aggregate value of the union, including the glebe, before
the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £811. 17. per
annum. The parishes of Rasharkin and Finvoy are
held with cure of souls, those of Kilraghts and Kil-
446
dallock without cure. The glebe-h6use, having been
found by the present incumbent in a dilapidated and
uninhabitable state on his admission to the benefice,
has been put into complete repair by him, at an ex-
pense of £3693, without any demand on his successor
for the repayment of any portion : the glebe consists of
50a. 345P. statute measure, valued at 18s. 6d. per acre.
The church is a small but very beautiful edifice in a
commanding situation. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is united with that of Finvoy : both have
chapels ; that of Rasharkin is in the village, in which
is also a place of worship for Presbyterians. There are
several raths in the parish : one of these, at Lisnacan-
non, is of very large dimensions ; it has two fosses and
three ramparts, and covers nearly an acre and a half of
ground. Several silver coins, of the reigns of Stephen,
John, and Richard III., and of Robert and David Bruce,
have been found here ; and an artificial cavern dis-
covered near the church. The body of a man who had
committed suicide in 17/6, and had been buried in a
bog in the mountain, was found in 1827, without the
smallest signs of decomposition.
RASHEE, a parish, in the barony of Upper An-
trim, union and county of Antrim, and province of
Ulster, 2 miles (N. W.) from Ballyclare, and on the
road from Larne to Broughshane ; containing 1545 in-
habitants. This parish comprises 6460i statute acres.
It is a rectory, in the diocese of Connor ; one portion
of it forming part of the union and corps of the prebend
of Carncastle, and the remainder constituting part of
the perpetual cure of Ballyeaston. — See Ballyeaston
and Carncastle.
RATAINE, or Rathyne, a parish, in the union of
Navan, barony of Lower Navan, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 3 miles (N. E.) from Trim,
and on the road from Bective-Bridge to Athboy ; con-
taining 403 inhabitants, and comprising 163 If statute
acres of profitable land. It is a rectory, in the diocese
of Meath, forming part of the union of Ardbraccan, and
subject to a crown rent of £6 per annum : the tithe
rent-charge is £91. 4. 9. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is part of the district of Dunderry.
RATASS, or Rathass, a parish, in the union of
Tralee, barony of Trughenackmy, county of Kerry,
and province of Munster, on the high road to Kil-
larney ; containing, with part of the town of Tralee,
2SS8 inhabitants. The castle of Ballybcggan, in this
parish, formerly a place of considerable strength belong-
ing to the Desmonds, and a noted pass between Tralee
and Castleisland, was the only fortress in the county
that in 1641 held out against the Irish forces; it re-
sisted every assault until relieved, in 1643, by Lord
Inchiquin's forces. During the war of the Revolution
it was burnt by the Irish. The parish comprises 6983
statute acres, partly in tillage. The limestone strata of
the district contain several caverns lined with stalac-
tites, through which a subterraneous stream takes its
course ; very good marble has been obtained, and many
years since a vein of lead-ore was discovered near the
church. The county gaol, the Tralee infantry barracks,
Messrs. Newell and Grant's distillery, and Mr. Bender's
brewery, are situated at Ballymullen, and, together with
a considerable portion of the parish, are within the
hmits of the borough of Tralee, under which head they
are noticed. Several neat houses have been built in
RATH
HATH
this suburb ; and it is probable, that in the course of a
few years the buihUngs will be extended to the town,
about a quarter of a mile distant. The parish is in the
diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and is a rectory, form-
ing part of the union and corps of the deanery of Ard-
fert: the tithe rent-charge is £'252. 14. The Pro-
testant inhabitants attend the church at Tralee. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the
district of Ballymacclligott, but chiefly in that of Tralee.
The ivied ruins of the church stand in the burial-ground,
adjoining the high road ; the ruins of the castle before
mentioned still exist, and at BallymuUen are some re-
mains of another castle of the Desmonds.
RATESH, a village, in the parish of Kilconly,
poor-law union of Tuam, barony of Ulnmoue, county
of Galway, and province of Connaught; containing
309 inhabitants.
RATH, a parish, in the union of Ennistymon,
barony of Inchiquin, county of Clare, and province
of MuNSTER, 5| miles (N. \V.) from Ennis, on the road'
to Ennistymon ; containing '2647 inhabitants. It com-
prises 8489 statute acres ; a considerable portion con-
sists of coarse pasture, and the remainder of good arable
land. The parish extends to the bridge at Corofin, and
comprises portions of the lakes of Inchiquin and Tadane,
noticed in the article on Kilneboy : at Riverston is a
chief station of the constabulary police. The scats are
Adelphi, Clifden, Roxton, Applevale, WiUbrook, and
Riverston. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Killaloe : the rectory was united in 1803 to
that of Dysert, together constituting the corps of the
prebend of Rath, in the patronage of the Marquess of
Thomoud ; and the vicarage forms part of the union
and corps of the prebend of Dysert. Of the tithe rent-
charge, amounting to £57. 11., two-thirds are payable
to the prebendary, and the remainder to the vicar. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Corofin ; the chapel, a small plain build-
ing, is at Liscullane. The ruins of the church stand
near the margin of a small lake ; near them are those
of the castle of Rath, and in the vicinity, those of a
castle called O'Nial's Court, formerly the residence
of the chieftains of that family. A large monumental
stone near the castle records its destruction, and that
of part of the family, by lightning. The ruins of Tier
Mac Bran Castle are situated near the shore of Inchi-
quin lake.
RATH, a village, in the parish of Drumcullin,
union of Parsonstown, barony of Eglish, King's
county, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (W.) from
Frankford, on the road to Parsonstown : the population
is returned with the parish. Here is a Roman Catholic
chapel belonging to the district of Eglish.
RATHANGAN, a market and post town, and a
parish, in the union of Edenderry, partly in the
barony of West Ophaly, but chiefly in that of East
Ophaly, county of Kildare, and province of Lein-
ster, 5 miles (N. W. by N.) from Kildare, and 26 (S. W.
by W.) from Dublin, on the road from Kildare to Eden-
derry; containing 2911 inhabitants, of whom 1033 are
in the town, which is entirely in the barony of West
Ophaly and contains 174 houses. It is a chief station
of the constabulary police ; and has a market on Mon-
day, and fairs in June, and on Aug. 26th and Nov. 12th.
The parish, comprising 1 l,530:j statute acres, is inter-
447
sected by the Grand Canal, which passes near the town,
and on which fly-boats ply daily between Dublin and
Athy. The principal seat is Spencer Farm, that of
Viscount Harberton. The living is a rectory and vi<ar-
agc, in the diocese of Kildare, being the corps of the
prebend of Rathangan in the cathedral of Kildare, in
the patronage of the Duke of Leinster for two turns,
and the Bishop for one : the tithe rent-charge is £415. b.
The glebe- house was erected in 1807 by aid of a loan
of £625 and u gift of £100 from the late Board of First
Fruits ; there is a glebe compri-sing 29 acres. The
church was built in 1828, at a cost of £700 raised by
parochial assessment, and is a neat edifice with a hand-
some tower ; the whole is in excellent order. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Kildare ; the chapel is a spacious building.
There is also a meeting-house for the Society of Friends.
A dispensary in the town is supported in the usual
manner.
RATHASPECK, a parish, in the union of Athy,
partly in the barony of Fassadining, county of Kil-
kenny, and partly in the barony of Ballyadams, but
chiefly in that of Slievemargue, Queen's county, and
province of Leinster, 5 miles (N. E.) from Castle-
comer, on the road to Athy ; containing 4133 inhabit-
ants. This place derives its name, which signifies " the
Bishop's Fort," from a rath near the old church. Here
was anciently a small religious establishment, probably
a cell to that on the townlaud of Clonpiercc, about two
miles distant : the foundation of both is attributed to
the O'Mores. The parish comprises 8217^ statute acres,
and contains quarries of excellent flag and building
stone. Here, also, are the Doonane, Newtown, Rushes,
Maudubeagh, Corgee, and Wolfe's Hill collieries ; the
last-named is drained by a level, the others by steam-
engines, and they supply stone-coal to all parts of the
surrounding country, principally by means of carriers.
The shafts are first sunk through clay ; then succeeds a
hard green rock, and next slaty strata, in contact with
which is the coal. It is worked on either side by re-
gular gangs, each member having a specific duty; the
number of each gang is about thirty, and when the pit
is double worked there are sixty; each crew works ten
hours, but they are particularly observant of every kind
of holiday. The chief seats are, Graceficld, pleasantly
situated on the side of a hill, commanding most exten-
sive views, and backed with thriving plantations ; and
Inch. There is a chief constabulary police station at
Wolfe's Hill, and other stations are fixed at Slat and
Mandubeagh.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Leighlin, and in the patronage of the Bishop, who an-
nexed to it the small parish of Templedecolm in 1S37:
the tithe rent-charge is £240; there is neither glebe-
house nor glebe. The church was built in 1814, by aid
of a gift of £600 from the Board of First Fruits ; and for
its repair the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted
£253. lu the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
partly in the district of Mayo and Doonane, and partly
in that of Ballyadams ; it contains two chapels, one at
Doonane, and the other at Wolfe's Hill belonging to the
union of Ballyadams. The present church of Rathas-
peck was erected out of the ruins of the ancient religious
buildings, under the site of which there were formerly
three vaiJted chambers, in one of which was a well of
RATH
RATH
the purest water. About a quarter of a mile north of
the church is Miltown Castle, or Ballyvuilling, consist-
ing of a square tower and some other remains of a
fortified mansion of unknown antiquity, with a modern
dwelling-house annexed. Numerous relics of antiquity
have been found, including Anglo-Irish coins, a short
sword of brass, and a brooch ; and at Miltown Castle,
spear-heads have been discovered.
RATHASPECK, a parish, in the barony of Forth,
union and county of Wexford, and province of Lein-
STER, 2i miles (S. by W.) from Wexford ; containing
737 inhabitants. It is situated between Forth moun-
tain and AVexford haven, and comprises 2804^ statute
acres of good land, which, from the great encourage-
ment afforded by the proprietor, is in an excellent state
of cultivation : marl abounds in the parish, and lime-
stone for agricultural purposes is obtained from the
adjoining parish of Rathmacknee. Johnstown Castle,
the noble mansion of Hamilton Knox Grogan Morgan,
Esq., the principal proprietor of the surrounding dis-
trict, was occupied for one night by Oliver Cromwell,
who on the following morning reviewed his troops in
the demesne, preparatory to his attack on Wexford.
The present house has been greatly enlarged and em-
bellished in the Gothic style, and the extensive de-
mesne has been much improved, and laid out with great
taste. At the village of Rathaspeck is a station of the
constabulary police.
The parish is in the diocese of Ferns, and is a rectory,
forming part of the union of St. Patrick's, Wexford : the
tithe rent-charge is £90. 7. ; and there are two glebes,
comprising 8^ acres. The church, a neat plain building,
is still considered the mother church of the union, and
the incumbent is consequently first inducted here : it
was enlarged in IS'24, at an expense of about £300, a gift
from the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Pierces-
town. On the demesne of Johnstown Castle is a very
handsome school house, in the rustic style, built by Mr.
Morgan, at an expense exceeding £300 : the school is
entirely supported by Mrs. Morgan ; in addition to the
usual course of education, the boys are taught the ele-
ments of surveying and navigation, and such as distin-
guish themselves are placed by their patrons in suitable
situations. At a short distance from Johnstown Castle,
with which the remains of the ancient edifice are incor-
porated, and in that part of the demesne which extends
into the adjoining parish of Kildavin, are the ruins of
Rathlannan Castle. Tradition states, that these castles
were at one period occupied by two sisters. On the
townland of Whitestone formerly stood the castle of
that name, of which not a vestige can be traced ; about
60 years since, several articles of gold and silver plate,
and other articles of value, were found near its site,
supposed to have been hidden there during the civil war
of the 17th century.
RATHASPICK, a parish, in the union of Granard,
barony of Moygoish, county of Westmeath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, on the coach-road from Dublin to
Sligo ; containing, with the market and post town of
Rafhowen (which is separately described), 213.5 inha-
bitants. This parish is bounded on the west by Lough
Glynn, and on the south and east by the river Inny.
It comprises 7664 statute acres, inclusive of a consider-
able portion of bog : the land is good for pasture and
448
tillage, and the system of agriculture is improving.
Limestone abounds, for which there are quarries ; and
there is also abundance of limestone-gravel and marl.
Petty- sessions and fairs are held at Rathowen. A
bridge of 12 arches crosses the Inny at Ballicorkey, and
the river here separates the dioceses of Ardagh and
Meath. Newpass is the property of Sir George R.
Fetherston, Bart. ; Ardglass, the property of Major A.
P. Bond : the other seats are Rockfield, Ardglass Cot-
tage, and Newpark. The living is an impropriate
curacy, in the diocese of Ardagh, and in the patronage
of Sir H. S. Piers, Bart., in whom the rectory is impro-
priate. The tithe rent-charge is £96. 4., entirely pay-
able to the impropriator : the curate's stipend is £92. 6.,
of which £83. 2. are derived from Primate Boulter's
augmentation fund, and £9. 4. allowed by the impro-
priator ; he has also the glebe, comprising nine acres,
valued at £ IS per annum and subject to a rent of £8. 11.
The glebe-house was built in 1817, at a cost of £461. 10.,
of which £415. 7. were a gift, and the remainder a loan,
from the Board of First Fruits. The church is a neat
structure with a square tower, built in 1814 by aid of
a gift of £800, and enlarged in 1821 by a loan of £200,
from the same Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Russagh, and
contains a chapel. There are ruins of two castles ; a
curious rath ; and remains of the conventual church of
Kilmocahill, or Kilmichael, a monastery founded by the
Petyt family, the possessions of which were given to
Robert Nangle at the Dissolution. The parish contains
several mineral springs.
RATHBARRY, a parish, in the union of Skibbe-
REEN, partly in the West division of the barony of
East Carbery, but chiefly in the barony of Ibane and
Barryroe, county of Cork, and province of Munster,
4 miles (W. S. W.) from Clonakilty, and on the road
from Cork to Skibbereen ; containing 2726 inhabitants.
This place, which is situated on the southern coast,
derives its name from an ancient fort, of which there
are still some picturesque remains in Lord Carbery's
demesne. The fortress, anciently called Rathbarry,
now Castle Freke, was erected in the 15th century by
Randal Oge Barry; in 1602 was surrendered to Cap-
tain Harvey for Queen Elizabeth, according to the
treaty of Kinsale ; and was retained by the English till
the breaking out of the war in 1641. Soon after the
commencement of hostilities, it was besieged by the
insurgents, but was resolutely defended by its pro-
prietor, Arthur Freke, Esq., who maintained it against
all their attacks from the 14th of February till the 18th
of October, when it was relieved by Sir Charles Vava-
sour and Captain Jephson, who conducted the owner
and his garrison in safety to Bandon, and set fire to
the castle, to prevent its being occupied by the enemy.
The insurgents, nevertheless, took the castle of Dun-
dedy, which they kept till the spring of the year 1643,
when they also obtained possession of the remains of
Castle Freke ; but in July they were driven from this
place by Colonel Myn, who restored the castle, and
placed in it a garrison which retained possession till the
arrival of Cromwell.
The parish comprises 4735 statute acres : the surface
is very uneven, and towards the sea the land is cold,
and the soil sandy ; but in the centre of the parish, and
around Miltown, the lauds are more fertile. The vale
R A T II
11 A T II
in which Miltown is situated is very beautiful, and in
many parts has been planted by Lord Carbcry and the
incumbent. Castle Freke, the seat of Lord Carbery, a
haniisome castellated mansion, erected near the site of
the old fortress of Rathbarry, is beautifully situated in
a richly improved demesne, comprising 1000 acres, em-
bellished with fine timber and thriving plantations, and
with a picturesque lake. Kilkcrran House, in the
grounds of which is another fine lake, is also in the
parish. Near the south-eastern extremity of the parish
is the Red Strand, where great quantities of calcareous
sand are obtained for manure. This sand is a forma-
tion from the debris or very minute shells, among which
some small cornua ammonis may be seen in nearly a
perfect state : it was some years since analysed, and
found to contain 79 parts in 100 of calcareous matter.
It is a curious fact tliat it is confined to a narrow beach
about ^ an English mile wide, bounded at each end by
high cliffs ; and though other inlets are near it on either
side, their sands do not exhibit any calcareous matter,
but are all composed of silex and argil. The sand is
carried 16 English miles into the interior for manure ;
at that distance, 20 bags, each containing about 3 cwt.,
are considered sufficient to manure a statute acre ; at
three miles distance from the Strand, from 80 to I'iO
bags are laid on. More than 1000 horses and carts
may be reckoned at the shore in one day. This valuable
sand is esteemed the best on the southern coast, except
the Bantry sand, as it is called, which is a distinct coral
formation, a perfect calcareous mass. To the cast of
Galley Head, on the southern coast of the parish, are
the Doolie rocks. Fairs are held at New Mill on March
•^i.jth, June '29th, and Sept. '.J9th, under a patent ob-
tained by the lord of the manor; and a constabulary
police force is stationed at Miltown, for which a barrack
has been erected.
The LIVING is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ross, and
in the patronage of the Rev. H. Stewart ; the rectory is
partly appropriate to the dean and chapter of Ross, and
jiartly impropriate in M. Roberts and J. W. Foote,
Esqrs. The tithe rent-charge is £309, of which £4*. 11.
are payable to the appropriators, £1,S0. Vi. to the im-
propriators, and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe-
liouse, an elegant villa embosomed in thriiing planta-
tions, was erected by the Rev. H. Stewart, the present
incumbent, in 1831 ; the glebe comiirises 5^ acres, of
which two only belong to the vicar. The church, a
handsome and spacious structure in the later English
style, with a square tower, was erected in 18'25, at an
expense of £1900, of which £900 were a gift from the
Board of First Fruits, and the remainder was defrayed
by Lord Carbery ; it is finely situated in the demesne
of Castle F>eke. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the union of Ardfield ; the chapel,
near Miltown, is a neat edifice, with a fine altar-piece.
The male and female parochial school is supported
chiefly by Lord Carbery and the incumJbent ; a very
handsome school-house, with apartments for the master
and mistress, has been erected by his lordship at his
own expense. On Galley Head, often mistaken for the
old head of Kinsale, are the ruins of Dundedy Castle ;
and on the eastern side of Redstrand are the ruins of
the castle of Dunowen. The ploughland of Gahanave,
comprising about '200 acres, from which the chancellor
of the diocese derives his income, is in this parish.
Vol. II. — 149
RATHBEAGH, a parish, in the union of Kilkenny,
partly in the barony of Fassadininc;, but diiefiy in that
of Galmoy, county of Kilkenny, and province of
Leinsteu, '2^ miles (N. E.) from Frcshford, and on the
lower road from Kilkenny to Ballyragget ; containing
1014 inhabitants. This place, which is situated on the
river Nore, is supposed to be the ancient Argiodross,
and to have been the residence of Hcrcmon, one of the
S(ms of Milesius, who came into Ireland and laid the
foundation of the Milesian dynasty in the kingdom.
The parish comprises 28'23 statute acres, mostly in a
state of profitable cultivation. The ancient manor-
house of Clone, formerly the residence of Sir Toby Caul-
field, ancestor of the Earl of Charlemont, is withinthe
parish. Fairs arc held on the 1st of May and November,
and Dec. 6tb, chiefly for stock, and are well attended ;
a constabulary police force is stationed here. Rath-
beagh is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, forming
part of the union of Frcshford, or Aghour ; the tithe
rent-charge is £1.51. .5. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the union of Lisdowney.
On the bank of the river Nore, at this place, is a mount
40 yards in length and '25 in breadth on the summit,
and encircled by a double fosse.
RATHBEGGAN, a parish, in the union of Dun-
SHAUGHLiN, barony of Ratoath, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 3 miles (s. by E.) from
Dunshaughlin, and on the road from Dublin to Ennis-
killen ; containing 304 inhabitants. It comprises '286.5f
statute acres of arable and pasture land of good quality,
the proportions of which are nearly equal ; and contains
some quarries of building-stone. The living is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of iMeath, and in the patronage of
the Marquess of Drogheda, in whom the rectory is im-
propriate : the tithe rent-charge is £1'21. 9-, of which
£13. 17. are payable to the impropriator, and the re-
mainder to the vicar; the glebe, comprising 75 acres,
is valued at £15 per annum. The elebe-house was
built in ISI7, by aid of £450, and a loali of £100, from
the Board of First Fruits. The church is a neat edifice,
towards the erection of which the same Board gave
£800, in ISI7. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Ratoath.
RATHBIN.— See Birnchurch.
RATHBOURXEY, a parish, in the union of Ennis-
TYMON, barony of Burren, county of Clare, and pro-
vince of Minster, 85 miles (W. S. \V.) fromBurren, on
the road to Ennistymon ; containing 1000 inhabitants.
It comprises 9633 statute acres, a large portion of which
consists of rocky mountain pasture, affording a rich
though scanty herbage : there is also a portion of bog.
Within the limits of the parish is Slieve Elva. rising
1109 feet above the level of the sea. The principal
residence is Gregans. The parish is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Kilfenora, forming part of the
union of Dromcreby and corps of the treasurership of
Kilfenora: the tithe rent-charge is £75. The church
of the union, a small plain building without a tower,
erected about 50 years since, is situated here. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of the
district of Glyn or Glenarragha, comprising also the
parishes of Dromcreby, Glaninagh. and Killonoghan :
the chapel at Glenarragha was originally built by the
iSIarquess of Buckingham, and has been recently much
enlarged. A glebe of 40 acres is allotted for the use of
RATH
RATH
the parish priest, subject to a rent of £20 per annum.
At Gregans, on the border of the parish, are the ruins
of the castle of that name.
RATHBOYNE, or Balrathboyne, a parish, partly
in the barony of Lower Navan, but chiefly in that of
Upper Kells, poor-law union of Kells, county of
Meath, and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (S. by E.)
from Kells, on the road to Kilcock, and the road from
Longford to Drogheda; containing 1'235 inhabitants.
It comprises 3992 statute acres, nearly equally under
grass and tillage ; there is plenty of limestone. The
chief seats are Ballybeg and Charlesfort. A nursery of
100 statute acres affords employment to about 80 per-
sons. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath,
forming part of the union of Kells : the tithe rent-
charge is £207. 1-t. In the Roman Catholic divisions
Rathboyne is part of the district of Ardbraccan ; the
chapel, at Cortown, is a handsome modern building,
with a school contiguous. At Charlesfort is a school
the master of which is allowed £15 per annum, with a
house and garden, and two tons of coal yearly, by C. A.
Tisdall, Esq.
RATHBRAN. — See Stratford on- Slaney.
RATHCAHILL.— See Moneygay.
RATHCAVAN, county of Antrim. — See Racavan.
RATHCLARIN, a parish, in the union of Bandon,
Eastern division of the barony of East Carbery,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 4^ miles
(S. by E.) from Bandon ; containing 2907 inhabitants.
This parish, which is situated on the northern shore of
Court M'^Sherry bay and intersected by the small river
Arigideen, which here falls into the bay, comprises .5901
statute acres. The land is in general good, and under
a profitable system of cultivation, producing abundant
crops, the principal of which are wheat and potatoes ;
but, on the south side of the parish, several large fields
have been covered with sand drifted from a small inlet,
and are thus rendered utterly unavailable for agricul-
tural operations ; the hedge-rows and fences have dis-
appeared, and the deposits are progressively increasing.
The principal seats are Gortnahorna, Glenville, Mary-
borough, Gortaglana, Ballycallen Demesne, Ballycalien,
Riversdale House, and Harbourview. The living is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cork, and in
the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£487. 10. The glebe-house, built in 1794, and towards
which the late Board of First Fruits contributed £100,
is a very handsome residence ; the glebe comprises 24
acres. The church is a small but very neat edifice,
nearly in the centre of the parish, and was modernised
and thoroughly repaired in 1835, at an expense of £314,
defrayed by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a
union, comprising also Kilbritain, and parts of the
parishes of Ringrone and Ballymodan : the chapel, a
large edifice, is at Kilbritain. Near the church is a holy
well, covered over by a small building ; and about two
miles to the north- west are the ruins of the very ancient
church of Cloundereen, supposed to have been founded
by the Knights Templars in 1296.
RATHCLINE, or Rathline, a parish, in the union
of Longford, barony of Rathcline, county of Long-
ford, and province of Leinster ; containing, with the
greater portion of the market and post town of Lanes-
borough, 3095 inhabitants. This place is situated on
450
the bank of the river Shannon ; and was distinguished
for its castle at the base of the hill of Rathcline, about a
mile from Lanesborough, said to have been originally
built by the family of O'Quin, and to have been an
object of frequent contention in the various internal
wars of the country. After numerous vicissitudes, it
was dismantled by Cromwell's forces, and finally de-
stroyed by fire in the war of the Revolution ; there are
still, however, considerable remains, which, from their
fine situation nn the margin of the Shannon, have a
very picturesque appearance. The parish comprises
12,883^: statute acres. The land is of indifferent quality ;
not more than one-third is under tillage, the remainder
being in pasture ; the surface is tolerably level, and
there is a considerable tract of bog, in which are found
oak and fir trees, used by the poor in roofing their
houses. Limestone abounds, and is quarried for build-
ing and for agricultural uses ; a speckled black and
white marble is also found, and made into mantel-
pieces. The chief seats are Rathcline, Cionbonney, and
Mount Davis. The weaving of linen is carried on in
several parts of the parish, and great quantities of frieze
are made ; there is also a considerable trade in cora.and
eggs, for which the Shannon affords every facility. A
very large fair for horses, cattle, and sheep, is held on
the 12th of February, at Lanesborough. Within the
limits of the parish is the island of Inchenough, or
Inchiana, comprising about 50 acres of land, with
6 houses and 43 inhabitants.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardagh, and
in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is impro-
priate in R. C. and R. Armstrong, Esqrs. The tithe
rent-charge is £295. 2. 6., two-thirds payable to the im-
propriators, and one-third to the vicar : the glebe com-
prises 30 acres, valued at £45 per annum ; and there is
a good glebe-house, with offices, lately built by the in-
cumbent. The church, a spacious edifice, was erected
at the expense of the Lanesborough family, in 1678, on
part of the site of the ancient church in Lanesborough,
which was called the abbey and is said to have been
built by St. Patrick in the 4th century. The Soman
Catholic parish is co- extensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church : the chapel is large, and has a tower at
the west end ; a small house is appropriated as a chapel
of ease. Near the ruins of the castle are those of the
ancient parochial church, said to have been destroyed
from the opposite bank of the Shannon ; part of the
steeple is yet standing, and the cemetery is still used by
the Roman Catholics. In one of the walls of the castle
was a marble tablet with a very ancient inscription in
the Irish character. From the hill at the base of which
these ruins are situated, is a very extensive and inte-
resting view.
RATHCONNELL, or Turin, a parish, in the union
of Mullingar, barony of Moyashel and Maghera-
dernan, county of Westmeath, and province of
Leinster, 4i miles (E. N. E.) from Mullingar, on the
road to Castletown-Delvin, and near Lough Hoyle ; con-
taining 3605 inhabitants. Between two tracts of land
of a moory nature, at this place, was a celebrated pass,
noted in the Irish annals for the defeat of the army
under General Preston by the retreating forces of Sir
Richard Grenville, accompanied by the famished gar-
rison of Athlone and the Protestant inhabitants : the
pass had been fortified to intercept their retreat, and
RATH
RATH
was bravely defeiuled ; but the English horse, unex-
pectedly finding themselves able to pass the moory
ground contiguous, changed the fortune of the day, and
the victory was complete. The parish contains 15,659i
statute acres, under an improving state of agriculture ;
much of it is fine grazing land, and the arable produces
good crops of corn and potatoes : there are about 400
acres of bog, with some limestone and black stone.
Petty-sessions are held on alternate Tuesdays at Knock-
drin. In the parish are several seats, among which
is Knockdrin Castle, the handsome residence of Sir
Richard Levinge, Bart. ; the house, which is castellated
and of Gothic architecture, is situated in a demesne
adorned with an extensive lake, and including the high
hill of Knockdrin, crowned by a large rath, and covered
with plantations. The other seats are, Clonlost, the
ancient family seat of the Nugenfs ; Reynella, the
elegant residence of the late R. M. Reynell, Esq.,
situated in a fine demesne with a lake and extensive
plantations ; Cooksborough, the mansion of the Cooke
family ; Killymon ; and Rathconnell.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, and
in the patronage of the Marquess of Drogheda ; the
rectory is impropriate in Nicholas Ogle, of Dysart, Esq.
The tithe rent-charge is £'276. IS. 6., half of which" is
payable to the impropriator, and half to the vicar.
The glebe comprises 23 acres, valued at £31.18. per
annum, and subject to a rent of equal amount : the
glebe-house was built at an expense of £738, partly
defrayed by a gift of £369 and a loan of £214 from the
late Board of First Fruits, and the remainder by the in-
cumbent. The church is a neat building with a tower
and spire, in complete repair, erected in 1798 at an
expense of £831, of which £461 were a gift, and the
residue a loan, from the same Board. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
sometimes called Turin, comprising this parish and
those of Taghmon, Stonehall, and Tyfernon, in which
union are two chapels ; that of Rathconnell, at Turin,
is a modern building. The parochial school, at Knock-
drin, has been endowed by Sir R. Levinge with a house
which cost £3.50, and an acre and a half of land. At
Turin is a dispensary. In the northern extremity of
the parish is a ruined church, and at Rathconnell is
another fine ruin of a church : there are also several
raths.
RATHCONRATH, a parish, in the union of Mul-
LiNGAR, barony of R.\thconr\th, county of West-
MEATH, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (S.) from
Ballanacargy, and on the road from Dublin, by Mul-
lingar, to Athlone ; containing 3378 inhabitants, of
whom 213 are in the village. A tumultuous body of
insurgents assembled in Sept. 1798, at the hill of
Skeagh, in this parish ; but they afterwards dispersed,
excepting a party that took post at Wilson's Hospital
and were there encountered by the soldiery. The parish
comprises 8746 statute acres : the land is of good
quality ; there is very little waste ; about one-fourth is
arable, and nearly all the remainder pasture. The com-
mon substratum is limestone and black flagstone :
there are quarries of the former in almost all parts of
the parish, and from one on the lands of Mount D' Alton
the stones for the chambers of the locks on the Royal
Canal were taken, as well as for the bridges, for a con-
siderable distance. Great facility is afforded for inland
451
navigation by the Royal Canal, which passes near the
northern and eastern boundaries of the parish. A
patent exists for four fairs, which are not held. At
Meares Court and Ballinacarra are corn-mills. On the
road to Ballymore are two remarkable rocks, called the
Cat and the Mouse ; and close to them is a spring,
called the Swallow, the waters of which immediately
commence a subterraneous course of one mile. In the
parish are the two hills of Rathconrath and Skeagh,
and the small lake of Loghan : formerly the hills were
densely wooded with oak. In the village is a consta-
bulary police station. On the l)anks of a fine sheet of
water stands Mount D'Alton, once the residence of the
ancient family of D'Alton, who were lords of Rathcon-
rath and are counts of the Holy Roman Empire : the
house was built in 1784 by Count Richard D'Alton, a
distinguished oflicer in the Austrian service. At the
rear is a pyramidal monument, thirty feet high, erected
by this personage and his brother. General James
D'Alton, in honour of the Empress Maria Theresa, the
Emperor Joseph II., and King George HI. : on three
sides it is adorned with their profiles in white marble,
and on the fourth with the arms of the family and a
suitable inscription. The other seats are Meares Court,
Glencarry, Rathcasiin, Irishtown, and Oldtown.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and
in the patronage of the Earl of Lanesborough ; the
tithe rent-charge is £200. 5. The glebe-house was built
in 1818, at an expense of £1569 British, of which £323
were a gift, and £415 a loan, from the late Board of
First Fruits, the residue having been supplied by the
incumbent. The glebe comprises 24a. I4p., valued at
£50 per annum. The church was built in 1809, nearly
on the site of the ancient church, at an expense of
£738 British, a gift from the before-mentioned Board.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head
of a district, sometimes called Miltown, comprising this
parish and those of Moranstown and Kilmacnevin, and
containing two chapels : that at Miltown was originally
built at the expense of Christopher Count D'Alton, who
endowed it with one acre of land ; it is in the presenta-
tion of O. W. C. Begg, Esq., of Mount D'Alton. The
other chapel is at Empor, in Kilmacnevin. Ruins exist
of the old church ; at Washford are the remains of an
ancient monastic institution ; and the castles of Loghan
or Mount D'Alton, Corkan, and Miltown, are in exist-
ence : adjoining the first castle is a cave, in which teeth
and bones of gigantic size were found in 1780. Near
the town is a curious fort with a double fosse ; and not
long since, in removing a heap of rubbish, a vast
quantity of human bones, and spear and arrow heads,
all of brass, were found. Scattered over the parish are
many raths, some of them viTy large ; and one, in par-
ticular, is a fine specimen of this species of fortification,
having circumvallations and other works. At Mount
D'Alton were born General James D'Alton, and Richard,
Count D'Alton, knight of the military order of Maria
Theresa, and governor of the Austrian Netherlands,
in the reign of the Emperor Joseph II. of Germany, to
whom he was chamberlain and a privy counsellor ; he
died at Treves in 1790, ou his route from Brussels to
■\'ienna.
RATHCOOL, a parish, in the barony of Gowran,
union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Lein-
ster, 4 miles (N.N.E.) from Kilkenny; containing
3 M2
RATH
RATH
1283 inhabitants, and comprising 3673 statute acres.
"Within its limits are the small village of John's-Well,
the old castle of Sandford's Court, and Tullabrin House.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, united
to that of Kilkyran, and in the gift of the Dean and
Chapter, to whom the rectory is appropriate : the tithe
rent-charge of the united parishes is £■-247. 5., of which
£165 are payable to the appropriators, and the re-
mainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions Rathcool forms part of the district of St. John's ;
the chapel is at Johns-Well.
RATHCOOL, a parish, in the union of Cashel,
barony of IMiddlethird, county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, l^ mile (N. W.) from Fethard ;
containing 1677 inhabitants. It comprises 5904 statute
acres : of the land, which is of superior quality, about
two-thirds are in tillage, and the remainder, with the
exception of 150 acres of woodland, in pasture. There
are several handsome seats ; the principal are Derry-
lusker, Ardsalla, Annsgift, Rocklow, and Coolmore.
The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Cashel, forming part of the union of Fethard : the
tithe rent-charge is £"273. 15. There are some remains
of the castle of Slanestown, and near the demesne of
Rocklow is a large moat or rath.
RATHCOOLE, a post-town and parish, in the union
of Celbridge, barony of Newcastle, county of Dub-
Li.N, and province of Leinster, S miles (S. W.) from
Dublin, on the road to Naas ; containing 1527 inhabit-
ants, of whom 556 are in the town. Rathcoole is of
Irish etymology, viz. : Rath, a Danish fort, and Cool,
the back ; signifying " the Danish fort at the back
of the mountains. " The place was sometimes called
" Radcull," and appears from various records to have
been incorporated prior to the time of Henry HI., and
to have had burgesses : in the '24th of that reign (1'240),
it is recorded that " Lucas, Archbishop of Dublin, grants
to the burgesses of Radcull common of pasture and
turbary in the mountain of Slescol with his men of
Newcastle near Lyons, at 4s. per annum." The town,
which is about a quarter of a mile in length, contains
116 houses irregularly built, and has a patent for hold-
ing fairs on April '23rd, June 18th, and Oct. 9th, but
these fairs have not been held for some years. It is the
head station of the constabulary police for the district,
and the residence of the chief constable.
The parish comprises 4/05 statute acres : the land is
fertile, and generally under profitable cultivation ; about
600 acres of common were inclosed in 1818. To the
west of the town is a range of heights branching off
from the chain of hills on the confines of the county of
Wicklow, in a north-western direction, and comprising
the hills of Rathcoole, Windmill, Athgoe, and Lyons,
the formation of which is generally clay-slate loose and
conglomerate, and greywacke-slate, with occasional
alternations of granite, and some red conglomerate
sandstone. The principal seat is Johnstown, the hand-
some residence of Sir John Kennedy, in a tastefully
disposed and well-cultivated demesne of '200 acres.
The LIVING is a rectory and a vicarage, in the diocese
of Dublin, united to the rectory and vicarage of Cal-
liaghstown, and in the patronage of the Archbishop ;
the rectory till lately formed part of the corps of the
deanery of St. Patrick's, Dublin. The tithe rent-charge
of the union is £232 ; the glebe-house, built in 1792,
452
is a good residence ; and the glebe comprises 15 "acres,
of which 6 were allotted from the common on its in-
closure in 1818. The church, built in 1736, and for
the repair of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
recently granted £111, is a neat plain edifice. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
union of Saggard. There is a dispensary. This place
formerly gave the title of "Viscount to the family of
Tracey.
RATHCOONEY, a parish, in the union of Cork,
barony and county of Cork, and province of Munster,
4 miles (E. N. E.) from Cork, on the coach-road to
Dublin ; containing, with the village of Glanniire, 3376
inhabitants. In I7I6 a battle was fought at Lower
Glanmire, in this parish, between a regiment that had
turned out for arrears of pay and posted themselves in
the village, and a regiment which was brought up from
Cove with two pieces of cannon to reduce the former
to submission, which, after an obstinate conflict, they
effected, when three of the ringleaders were shot by
sentence of a court martial. The parish, which is
bounded on the east and north-east by the river Glan-
mire, and on the south by the estuary of the Lee, com-
prises 5152 statute acres, chiefly under tillage. The
soil is light and shallow on the hills, but richer on the
lower grounds ; the system of agriculture is improving;
there is very little waste land, and scarcely any bog.
Sea weed and sand, which are obtained with facility,
are the principal manures ; and the crops are in general
of good quality. There are numerous gentlemen's seats
and good houses in the immediate vicinity of the village
of Glanmire. The woollen manufacture was established
here in 1822, by Messrs. Lyons and Hanly, whose
factory, in a secluded part of the vale of Glanmire,
contains 30 looms, and affords employment to 200 per-
sons. The bleach-greens of Messrs. Thorley and Son,
at Annasilla, employ 100 persons ; and the St. Patrick's
beetling-mills, belonging to the same firm, 100 more.
The produce of these manufactories and others in the
neighbourhood is sent by land carriage to Cork, the
road being the principal entrance into Cork from Dub-
lin, Clonmel, Kilkenny, and Cashel. At this point the
road was formerly hilly and dangerous : to avoid the
hills a new line was lately sought for, intended to pass
over the Glanmire river and along its banks, to join
that part of the road running along the side of the Lee
into Cork ; thereby forming a perfect level, and a most
delightful drive. Its execution was for a time opposed,
but the road has recently been effected, though not in
the line at first proposed ; it runs along the west side of
the river, but does not cross it, and joins the old road
about five miles and a half from Cork. Spring Hill
Mills produce annually about 10,000 barrels on the
average, and employ a considerable number of men.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Cork, united to the rectories and vicarages of Cahirlog
and Little Island, together forming the union and the
corps of the prebend of Rathcooney, in the cathedral of
St. Finbarr, Cork, and in the patronage of the Bishop.
The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £375 : the glebe
comprises 1 9^ acres ; and the gross value of the bene-
fice, before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was
£1078. 4. The church, situated in the village of Glan-
mire, is a plain neat edifice with a tower and spire, built
in 1784 by subscription of the several parishes of the
R A T H
11 A T II
union, on ground presented by Robert Rodgers, Esq.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the union of Upper Glanmire ; there is a chapel of
ease at Spring Hill. S. ftrCall, Esq., left an annuity of
£18, late currency, and Quinton Hamilton, Esq., the
interest of £500, to be distributed among the poor. A
repository for the sale of wearing-apparel to the poor at
reduced prices, payable by small instalments, was esta-
blished at Glanmire, in 183.T, under the patronage of
the Rev. T. Woodroffe and a committee of ladies, but it
failed to accomplish its intended purpose : there is a
dispensary. On the townland of Rathcooney are the
ruins of the old church, attached to which is the burial-
ground of the parish. Near this is an edifice now
almost in ruins, formerly the residence of the family of
St. Leger, who possessed very considerable property in
the parish. There are several raths.
RATHCOR, a village, iu the parish of Carling-
FORD, union of Dund.\lk, barony of Lower Dundalk,
county of Louth, and province of Lei.vster, 3^ miles
(S.) from Carlingford, and on the bay of Dundalk ;
containing 36 houses, and 175 inhabitants. A chapel
of ease was built in the north part of the townland of
Rathcor, in 1845, at a cost exceeding £500, raised by
subscription.
RATHCORE.a parish, in the union of Trim, partly
in the barony of Upper Deece, but chiefly in that of
Lower Moyfenragh, county of Me.ath, and province
of Leinster, 5 miles (S. \V.) from Summerhill, on the
road to Edenderry ; containing, with the post-town of
Enfield (which is separately described), 3101 inhabit-
ants. This parish, which is situated on the Royal Canal
and on the road from Dublin to Athlone, is bounded on
the south by the river Blackwater, which here separates
it from the county of Kildare. It comprises 1'3,&04
statute acres ; the laud is of good quality, and the
greater portion of it under tillage. The system of agri-
culture is improved ; there is no waste land, and but a
very moderate portion of bog. At Newcastle is a quarry
of limestone. The principal seats are Johnstown, Ra-
hinstown, Ryudville, Newcastle, and Ballinderry. The
living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, and iu the
patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is appropriate to
the see, and the tithe rent-charge is £605. 15. 6., of
which £3'28. 17. are payable to the bishop, and the
remainder to the vicar. There is a good glebe-huuse ;
and the glebe comprises 41 acres, valued at £62. 2. per
annum. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the union of Rathmolion ; the chapel is a
spacious and handsome edifice, situated at Kilcorney,
ou the estate of Lord Decies.
RATHCORMAC, a market and post town (formerly
a parliamentary borough) and a parish, in the union of
Fermoy, barony of Barrymore, county of Cork, and
province of Minster, 14 miles (\. E.) from Cork, and
111 (S. \V.) from Dubhu; containing 5324 inhabitants,
of whom 1321 are in the town, which is situated on the
river Bride, and on the road from Cork to Dublin. -It
comprises one principal street with some smaller streets
diverging from it, and consists of 227 houses, several of
which are well built of stone : at the entrance from
Cork are some picturesque cottages, erected by the
Hon. Charles L. Tonson. It is a constabulary police
station, and the dep6t for the staff of the South Cork
militia. The only manufacture carried on is that of
453
leather, in the tannery connected with which upwards
of 10,000 hides, 32,500 calf-skin-s, and 500 horse-skins,
are annually prepared for the markets of London,
Bristol, Liverpool, and Leeds. The manor mill, which
is under the patent of Charles II., has been rebuilt at
an expense of £1500 by Mr. D. Cummins, and is capa-
ble of grinding 5000 bags of flour annually. A small
market is held iu the market-house on Saturday ; and
there are fairs, which are small and not well attended,
on Aug. 12. and Oct. 31st. Petty-sessions are held on
alternate Tuesdays, and the seneschal occasionally holds
a manor court for the recovery of debts under 40*.
The town was erected into a free borough by Charles
II., in 1682, and obtained the right of returning two
members to the Irish parliament, the elective franchise
being vested in the freeholders and inhabitants : it was
disfranchised at the Union.
The PARISH comprises 13,995 statute acres, of which
about one-sixth is mountain and bog. The soil is very
various in character ; in the lower parts it is good and
under an excellent system of cultivation, but not more
than half of the parish is under tillage : upwards of
2000 acres are rough mountain pasture, moor or tur-
bary. The uplands form part of the hilly tract called
Nagle's mountains, which originate here and extend
westward to the Bogra range. The eastern extremity
of Nagle's mountains, about three miles north of Rath-
cormac, is very lofty, and appears as if it had been cut
down vertically from the summit to the base : on its
highest point is a large conical pile of stones, called
Cairn-Thierna, "The Lord's cairn or pile," sij named,
according to some, from having been the place where
the Tierna or chieftain assembled his followers and
chose their leaders ; or, according to others, from hav-
ing been a place of pagan worship to the sun. This
range is entirely of clay-slate ; in the lower grounds
limestone is very abundant, particularly at Ballyvarry.
Much of the mountain tract, hitherto uncultivated, is
reclaimable ; and the bog, from which the turf has
been entirely cut away in many places, might be brought
into a profitable state at a small expense, as it lies re-
markably well for drainage. There are several large
and handsome seats : the principal are, Lisnegar, the
elegant mansion of the Right Hon. Lord Riversdalc, in
the midst of a small but highly improved demesne,
comprising a great variety of scenery within a limited
compass ; Kilshaunick, the ancient mansion and winter
residence of the Roche family, of Trabolgan ; Ballyglis-
sane ; Shanbally ; Bushy Park ; Kildiuan, the highly
improved property of the Roche family ; and Baliina-
hina House.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne, and
in the patronage of the Rev. Percy Smith, of Headbo-
rough, county of Waterford : the tithe rent-charge is
£631. 10. The glebe-house was built in 17S2, at a cost
of £650, defrayed by the incumbent ; the glebe consists
of 33 at res. The church, an ancient building, was much
enlarged and improved in 1828, by a loan of £250 from
the Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
also that of Gortroe : in each parish is a chapel : that
at Rathcormac is a large cruciform edifice with a small
square tower at the south transept, erected in 1816 on a
site given by Lord Riversdale. There is a place of wor-
ship for Wesleyan Methodists ; also a fever hospital, and
RATH
RATH
dispensary. At Shanbally, near Kildinan, are the ruins
of an ancient castle, once the strong hold of the great
Earl of Desmond.
RATHCOURSEY, a village, in the parish of Gar-
RANEKENEFiCK, union of MiDLETON, barony of Bar-
R\MORE, county of Cork, and province of Munster ;
containing '28 houses, and 165 inhabitants.
RATHDOWLAN.— See Ballixadee.
RATHDOWNEY, a post-town and parish, in the
union of Roscrea, partly in the barony of Clarmal-
LAGH, but chiefly in that of Clandonagh, Queen's
county, and province of Leinster, 15 miles (S. W.)
from Maryborough, and 665 (S. W.) from Dublin, on
the road to Templemore ; containing 6879 inhabitants,
of whom 1414 are in the town. This town, in 1841,
contained 238 houses, which are in general indifferently
built and of neglected appearance ; the streets are ill
paved, and the place has few indications of prosperity.
There are an extensive brewery and a boulting-mill.
Fairs are held on Jan. 27 th, April 1st, May 6th, July
10th, Sept. Hth, Nov. 1st, and Dec. 15th ; and a patent
was obtained in the reign of George III. for a weekly
market and three additional fairs, none of which are
held : fairs are held at Errill on Jan 14th and March
11th. Petty-sessions are held in the town every Satur-
day, and a constabulary police force is stationed at
Errill and Lavally. The parish comprises 17,225| sta-
tute acres : the land, of vihich about one-third is in
pasture, and the remainder under tillage, is of very
excellent quality, and the system of agriculture im-
proved ; there is little bog, and no waste. Limestone
abounds, and is quarried for building and burning.
The principal seats here are Harristown and Beckfield ;
and in the vicinity of the town, though not within the
parish, are several handsome residences.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory,
episcopally united, in 1816, to the rectories of Glashare
and Kildellig, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
rectory is appropriate to the dean and chapter of the
cathedral of Kilkenny. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £562. 10., two-thirds payable to the dean and
chapter and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe-
house, towards which the late Board of First Fruits
granted £100 and a loan of £1200, in 1814, and on
which the present rector laid out £400 more, making
the whole_ cost £1700, is a handsome residence; and
the glebe comprises 267 acres. The gross income of the
benefice, before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was
£950. The church, towards the erection of which the
late Board granted a loan of £1000, in 1815, is in the
later English style, with a well proportioned spire. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is in the dis-
trict of Grogan, comprising this and the parishes of
Coolkerry and Rathsaran, and containing two chapels,
situated at Rathdowney (a spacious plain building) and
Grogan. There is also a place of worship for Wesleyan
Methodists. In a school at Castle-Fleming divine ser-
vice is performed every Sunday evening during the
summer months. There are two dispensaries, one in
the town, and the other at Errill. At Ballagh, Clon-
byrne, and Castle-Fleming are the ruins of castles : at
Cloneve, near Harristown, are trifling remains of an old
church and burial-place ; and at Errill, those of a
church and monastery, and the remains of a very an-
cient cross. Ledwich, the antiquary, who was for
454
many years curate of this parish, published an account
of the antiquities of it and of the adjoining parish of
Aghaboe.
RATHDRUM, a market and post town, a parish,
and the head of a union, in the barony of Ballinacor,
county of Wicklow, and province of Leinster, 8 miles
(S. W.) from Wicklow, and 29 (S. W.) from Dublin;
containing, exclusively of Ballinacor, Ballykine, and
Knockrath, 2905 inhabitants, of whom 1232 are in the
town. This place, which is situated on the mail-road
from Dublin to Arklow, derives its name of Rath-
drum, "The fort on the Hill," from its position on a
lofty and commanding eminence, formerly the fortified
residence of the ancient chieftains of the territory in the
north-east of the county, then known by the name of
Crioc-Cuolan. It was subsequently held by the Byrnes,
but in 1595 was wrested from Pheagh Mac Hugh Byrne,
the most active and formidable chieftain of these parts
in his time, by Sir William Fitzwilliams, lord-deputy,
ancestor of the present Earl Fitzwilliam, who is pro-
prietor of large estates in the county. Some remains
of the old castle of the Byrnes are still to be seen in a
yard and garden in the town.
The TOWN, situated on the height to the west of
the Avonmore, is small but neat, and the houses well
built and generally white-washed, with a few of superior
appearance, among which the glebe-house, with its
sloping lawn and tastefully disposed shrubberies, adds
considerably to the general appearance. The manufac-
ture of flannel was formerly carried on here to such an
extent, that the Irish government deemed it necessary
to appoint a seller of flannels to superintend it, under
whom were a deputy and eight sworn meters, who re-
sided in the town. A flannel-hall was erected in 1793,
at an expense of £3500, by the late Earl Fitzwilliam,
who received a toll of 2rf. on every piece of 120 yards,
which produced on an average about £300 per annum.
The trade continued to flourish so long as the protecting
duties on Irish woollens were maintained, but on their
repeal it declined rapidly, and it is now nearly extinct :
the few pieces at present made are purchased by the
shopkeepers in the town. The apartments in the flannel-
hall, which forms a spacious square, and above the
principal entrance of which is an escutcheon of Earl
Fitzwilliam's arms, are now used for a court-house, a
Roman Catholic chapel, and schools. The manufacture
of woollen cloth also flourished here, but, owing to the
same causes, declined within the last 20 years, and is
now wholly extinct. A large factory at Grenane, on the
Avonbeg, was burnt down during the disturbances in
1798. There are two breweries in the town, but neither
has been worked for the last few years. The market,
held on Thursday, is well supplied with provisions : the
monthly market for flaimels, which was well attended
by buyers from Dublin, has been discontinued for some
time. Fairs are held in Rathdrum on the last Thursday
in Feb., May, and Aug., and on April 5th, July 5th,
Oct. 16th, and Dec. llth ; and at Ballinderry on April
21.st, May I6th, Aug. 21st, Oct. 29th, the first Monday
in Nov., and Dee. 2nd. Petty-sessions for the barony
are held on alternate Thursdays in the Flannel-hall,
and there is a chief constabulary police-station in the
town.
The parish, which contains 53,156 statute acres, is
divided into the constablewicks or ancient parishes of
11 A T II
R A T II
Ballinacor, Ballykine, Knockrath, and Ratlulrum ; and
comprises the villages of Aghrini, Ballinatlash, Uallin-
derry, Cappagh, Clara, Greenan, Moycreddin or Carys-
fort, aud Sheanna. It is centrally situated among some
of the grandest aud most picturesque scenery of this
romantic county. At its southern extremity is the con-
fluence of the rivers Avonmore and Avonbeg, a place
better known, since it has been immortalised by the
poetry of Moore, as " the Meeting of the Waters :" north
of the town, the course of the Avonmore is through the
vale of Clara to the Seven Churches, and, more wes-
terly, the Avonbeg passes through the rugged and pre-
cipitous valley of Glenmalur, which terminates suddenly
at the waterfall of the Esk. The western and by much
the larger portion of the parish is occupied by mountain
masses, rising above one another, and topped by the
summit of Lugnaquilla, which towers over the rest to a
height of 3039 feet above the level of Dublin bay at low
water. These mountains are rich in minerals. The lead-
mine of Ballyfinchogue, about a mile from the barrack
at Ballinacor, which has been purchased for a residence
for the workmen, is now wrought by the Royal Irish
Mining Company. The vein, which traverses alternate
beds of granite and mica-slate, is penetrated by means
of an adit level. Its chief produce is common galena in
a matrix of quartz, though white lead-ore and other
minerals are likewise found in small quantities. The
annual produce is about 300 tons of galena, and the
whole was formerly smelted here, but now is merely
washed and exported ; the ore produces about 75 per
cent, of pure metal. Arrangements are in progress to
open another mine on Mr. Parnell's property on the
opposite side of the glen. Excellent building-stone is
raised in great abundance.
The arable lands amount to 10,536 statute acres;
10,7'37 acres are in pasture; and the .remainder are
mountain land : the butter made here is of very superior
quality, and in high request in the Dublin market. Fuel
is scarce, as there is very little bog. The eastern parts
of the parish, and more particularly those along the
rivers Avonmore and Avonbeg, are thickly studded with
residences of the gentry and wealthy farmers. One of
the most remarkable is Avondale, situated in a finely
planted demesne, and which was the favourite residence
of Sir John Parnell, Bart., chancellor of the Irish ex-
chequer : Colonel Hayes, a former proprietor, was author
of a work on "Judicious Planting," the principles of
which are beautifully exemplified in the plantations of
this demesne. Ballinacor, the residence of the Kemmis
family, is surrounded by extensive plantations, and com-
mands a fine view of the wild glen of Glenmalur :
Kingston, the seat of the King family, is a commodious
house in the midst of beautifully disposed grounds,
commanding views of Castle Howard and the Meeting
of the Waters ; Cassino is a pretty villa, and the Meet-
ing a neat ornamental cottage, at the celebrated Meeting
of the Waters, on a rustic seat in the lawn of which
Moore is said to have composed the beautiful melody
that bears this name. Besides these, are Corballis
Castle, Ballyteigue, and Prospect, all commanding ex-
tended views of the adjacent country.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Dublin and Glendalough, and in the patronage of the
Rev. W. S. Guinness, the rector, who purchased it in
1842 from the Corporation of Dublin, to which it had
455
been granted, together with the tithes and a large extent
of land belonging to the Priory of All Saints, in that
city, after the dissolution of the monasteries : the tithe
rent-charge is £415. 7. 7^- The glebe-house was built
in 1793, by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of £600
from the Board of First Fruits ; the glebe consists of
II5 acres. The old church, situated in the town, was
erected in 1796, at a cost of £1600, by a privale loan
and voluntary subscriptions, and by the sale of the ma-
terials of the former building : being in a dilapidated
state, it has been taken down and rebuilt, at an expense
of £1600, of which £1'200 were granted by the Ecclesi-
astical Commissioners and the remainder raised by
subscription. The bell, on which there is an inscription
in ancient characters, is said to have belonged to one of
the churches at Glendalough. At Ballinatonc is a church
for the district of Ballinaclash, which has been consti-
tuted a perpetual curacy, and there is a chapel of ease
to the same at Sheanna ; also chapels of ease to Rath-
drum in Knockrath and at the Meeting of the Waters,
served by the curates of Rathdrum. The Roman Ca-
tholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church : part of the Flannel-hall has been fitted up as
a chapel, and a good house has been erected by Earl
Fitzwilliam, near the town, as a residence for the parish
priest ; there are also chapels at Clara, Moycreddin, and
Grenane. The Wesleyan Methodists have a meeting-
house in the town. A dispensary was established in
1812, and there is a lending-library of about 300 vo-
lumes attached to the church. Mr. John Tate, of Fan-
naneerin, bequeathed lands in Knockrath, of the value
of £100 per annum, to be employed in loans of £5, free
of interest, for a year, and for assisting the families of
the sick, infirm, and aged poor with small donations ;
£50 per annum of this fund are appropriated to the
dispensary. A charitable association was formed in
1S29, by subscription, to relieve the wants of the neces-
sitous poor in their own houses, and for encouraging
industry. Within a few minutes' walk of the town is
the union workhouse, on a site of 5^ acres held at a
rent of £10. IH. ; it was completed in 1841 at an ex-
pense of £6600, and is constructed for 600 inmates.
On Drumkitt hill is a chalybeate spring of considerable
efficacy.
RATHDRUMMIN, a parish, in the union of Drog-
HED.^, barony of Ferr.\rd, county of Loith, and
province of Leinsier, 2 miles (S. li.) from Dunleer,
and on the coast-road from Drogheda to Dundalk ;
containing 710 inhabitants. It comprises 121 1 statute
acres : the land is good and almost entirely in tillage,
and the state of agriculture is much improved. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, united to
the rectory of Carrickbaggot and vicarage of Port, and in
the patronage of the Crown. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £61. 14. 9. ; and the gross value of the benefice,
including the glebes, comprising 13 acres, and valued at
£25 per annum, is £238. IS. The glebe-house was erected
in 1810, by aid of a gift of £369, and a loan of the same
amount, from the late Board of First Fruits. The
church is a neat structure, rebuilt in 1814 at an expense
of £461, being a loan from the same Board. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a
district, comprising also the parishes of Clogher, Mayne,
aud Parsonstown, and containing the cliapels of Walshs-
town in the parish of Rathdrummin, and Hacketscross
RATH
in Clogher. Near the church is a large rath attributed
to the Danes, consisting of an elevated area, 130 yards in
circumference.
RATHERNON, a parish, in the union of Naas,
barony of Connell, county of Kildare, and province
of Lei'nster, 5j miles (X. E.) from Kildare ; containing
977 inhabitants. This parish comprises 5140^ statute
acres : it is situated on the Bog of Allen, by which it
and the parish of Kilmaogue are entirely insulated,
forming what is called the Isle of Allen ; its chief fea-
ture is the Hill of Allen. On its northern border are the
ruins of Ballyteigue Castle. Limestone is found under
the greater part of the tract, but the Hill of Allen is
wholly composed of trap : at the northern extremity of
the hill, about a quarter of a mile distant, is a slight
eminence called the Leap of Allen, composed of red
sandstone conglomerate, arranged in beds varying in
thickness. The greenstone of the hill, combined with
greenstone porphyry, appears all round the base, on the
sides and on the summit, in protuberant masses without
any stratification. Rathernon is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Kildare, forming part of the union of
Kilmaogue: the tithe rent-charge is £88. 13. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the dis-
trict of Allen and Miltown. There are ruins of the
church.
RATHFARNE, or Raharney, a village, in the
parish of Killucan, barony of Farbill, union of
MuLLiNGAR, county of Westmeath, and province of
Leinsteb, 4^ miles (N.) from Kinnegad, and on the
road from Killucan to Trim ; containing about 259 in-
habitants. It is situated on the river Deel, which is here
crossed by a long causeway or bridge of three arches ; it
is a station of the constabulary police, and here is one of
the two Roman Catholic chapels belonging to the district
of Killucan ; also a naticmal school. Adjoining the vil-
lage are the remains of an old castle, the walls of which
extended across the river ; and at Kilcollum, in the
vicinity, are the ruins of a church, with a cemetery
attached.
RATHFARNHAM, a parish, in the South Dublin
union, partly in the barony of Uppercross, but chiefly
in that of Rath down, county of Dublin, and province
of Leinster, 4 miles (S.) from Dublin, on the road to
Rathdrum ; containing 4469 inhabitants, of whom 644
are in the village. The castle of Rathfarnham was built
by Archbishop Loftus, who was lord chancellor of
Ireland in the reign of Elizabeth. On the breaking out
of the war of 1641, Sir Adam Loftus held it with a
garrison, as an outpost to protect the city of Dublin
against the incursions of the septs of O'Toole and Byrne
from the neighbouring mountains of Wicklow ; in 1649
it was taken by the forces of the Duke of Ornionde.
Adam Loftus, grandson of Sir Adam, was created baron
of Rathfarnham in 168.5. At the commencement of
the insurrection of I79S, the village was the scene of a
skirmish between a detachment of the king's troops
and a party of the insurgents, in which several of the
latter were killed and others taken prisoners. Near the
village is a lofty bridge of a single arch over the river
Dorider, the road from which is thickly shaded by the
plantations of the demesnes on each side : the place
itself is a long straggling street, with very little to at-
tract attention. The country around is studded with
numerous beautiful and richly planted seats, and pre-
R A T H
sents a great variety of picturesque rural scenery. Petty-
sessions are held in the village every Tuesday : it is a
police station, and has a dispensary ; a fair is held in it
on the 10th of July. Near the bridge is a woollen fac-
tory, which empjoys about 100 persons; there are also
paper and corn mills near it, worked by the waters of
the Dodder and the Cruagh river, which form a junction
here : at Rathgar are extensive calico print-works. The
small villages of Roundtown and Templeogue are in the
parish : in the latter are the ruins of a church, with a
small burial-ground still used attached to it. Arch-
bishop Alan states, in his " Repertorium i'iride," that
the church was a chapel appendant to the church of
Kilmesantan without the marches or pale ; that it was
built on the hither side of the Dodder, as being a safer
place to hear divine service in, during times of war ;
and that from its late erection it had the name of Tem-
pleogue, which signifies "New Church," given to it.
The castle, now the property of the Marquess of Ely,
is a large and stately mansion in the centre of a fine
and thickly planted demesne, the principal entrance to
which is a very beautiful gateway built in the style of a
Roman triumphal arch, besides whicli there is a lofty
pointed Gothic gateway leading from the village. The
entrance to the house, from the terrace whereon it
stands, is by a portico of eight Doric columns which
support a dome painted in fresco with the signs of the
zodiac : the great hall is ornamented with a number of
ancient and modern busts on pedestals of variegated
marble, and has three windows of stained glass, in one
of which are the arms of the Loftus family. The col-
lection of family portraits, and of paintings by the old
masters, has been removed, in consequence of a deter-
mination to take the building down, and to divide the
demesne into a number of small plots for the erection
of villas. The other more remarkable seats, besides
those described in the articles on Roundtown and Rath-
gar, are, Ashfield, the residence of the late Sir W. 0.
Smith, puisne baron of the Exchequer ; Beaufort ;
Landscape ; Newtown, in the grounds of which are
some very fine evergreens : Rathfarnham House ; Bar-
ton Lodge ; Edenbrook ; Rusina ; and Whitehall, an
out-office of which is built in the shape of a pottery
furnace, with a winding flight of steps on the outside to
the top, whence there is a commanding prospect of the
surrounding country.
The parish comprises 578'2 statute acres. It is a
rectory, in the diocese of Dublin, and one of the parishes
which constitute the archdeaconry of Dublin : the tithe
rent-charge is £'236. .5. The church, built in 1789, is of
rough stone with hewn-stone quoins, of plain outward
appearance, but fitted up within very neatly : in it is a
mural tablet to the memory of Barry Yelverton, first
Lord Avonmore, whose remains are in the cemetery, as
are also those of the late Archbishop Magee. The
church was enlarged, and a tower and spire added to
it, in 1821, at a cost of £900, being a loan from the
Board of First Fruits ; and the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners lately granted £270 for its repair. In the
Roman Catholic divisions this is the head of the district
of Rathfarnham, Crumlin, and Bohernabreena, com-
prising the parishes of Rathfarnham, Crumlin, Tallaght,
Cruagh, and Whitechurch. There are large chapels at
Rathfarnham, Crumlin, and Bohernabreena, the last in
the parish of Tallaght : close to the first-named is a
RATH
RAT II
good house for the priest. Nt-ar the village is a convent
of nuns of the order of Loretto : the building is a large
brick mansion, formerly the seat of the late G. Grierson,
Esq. The sisterhood have a boarding-school for young
ladies, and also superintend a free-school which is aided
by the Board of National Education ; the pupils receive
a suit of clothes annually. Attached to the nunnery is
a small chapel, very elegantly fitted up : the sisterhood
lately purchased the convent of the nuns of St. Clare at
Kingstown. Wilkes, the celebrated comedian, was a
native of this parish.
RATHFEIGH, or Rathfaygth, a parish, in the
union of Dunsiiaughlin, barony of Skreen, county of
Meath, and province of Leinster, 8 miles (S.) from
Slane, and on the road from Dublin, by Slane, to Lon-
donderry ; containing 301 inhal)itants. This parish
comprises 2888 statute acres ; the land is of indif-
ferent quality, but mostly in tillage. It is a rectoi-y, in
the diocese of Meath, forming part of the union of
Skryne or Skreen ; the tithe rent-charge is £135, and
there is a glebe of 9 acres, valued at £o. 10. per annum.
In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the parish is part
of the unicm or district of Skryne : there is a chapel at
Rathfeigh. The ruins of the ancient parochial church
still remain.
RATHFRILAND, a market and post town, partly
in the parish of Drumballyroney, but chiefly in that
of Drumgath, union of Newry, barony of Upper
IvKAGH, county of Down, and province of Ulster, I65
miles (\V.) from Downpatrick, and 57;i (N-) from Dublin,
on the road from Newry to Downpatrick ; containing
'J 183 inhabitants. This town was founded, soon after
the Restoration, by Alderman Hawkins, of London, to
whom, in acknowledgment of his very important services
(luring the parliamentary war, Charles II. granted the
whole of the extensive manor, which is now the pro-
perty of his lineal descendant. General the Hon. Robert
Meade. The benevolent alderman, at his own cost, pro-
vided food, clothing, and lodging for 5000 Protestant
royalists, who, during the calamitous progress of the
war, had fled to London for protection ; collected in
England £30,000 for the purchase of corn, wearing-
apparel, and other necessaries for the support of such
as had not been able to effect their escape ; and, with
the assistance of a few of his friends, raised the sum
of £45,000 for the public service and the use of the
king.
The town is situated on an eminence, previously the
site of an ancient fortress, about three miles to the north
of the Morne mountains ; and consists of a spacious
square, and five principal and several smaller streets,
containing together 480 houses, which are in general
well built and of handsome appearance, surrounding the
crown of the hill. The principal streets communicate
with five great roads from different parts of the county,
but, from the acclivity of the site, the roads form steep
entrances into the town ; from which in every direction
are extensive and interesting views of the surrounding
country. A considerable traffic is carried on with the
adjacent district, and the town itself is the residence of
numerous respectable families. The market is on Wed-
nesday, and is amply supplied ; fairs are held on the
second Wednesday in April (O. S.), the Wednesday
after Trinity, the second Wednesday in September
(O. S.), and the second Wednesday in December. The
Vol. II.— 457
market-house is a handsome building in the centre of
the square ; the lower part is appropriated to the use of
the market, and the upper part contains accommoda-
tion for holding courts. A constabulary police force is
stationed in the town, and petty-scssi{)ns are held on
alternate Fridays. The manorial court is held on the
first Tuesday in every month before the seneschal ; its
jurisdiction extends to pleas of debt to the amount of
£100, which may be recovered by civil-bill process.
The parish church of Drumgath, a small neat edifice
with a tower on the north side, is situated on the south
side of the square ; it was originally founded by Robert
Hawkins Magill, Esq., maternal grandfather of General
Meade, and was rebuilt in 1818. There are also in
the town a spacious Roman Catholic chapel ; places of
worship for the Society of Friends, Presbyterians, Cove-
nanters, and Wesleyan Methodists ; and a dispensary.
On the very.summit of the hill round which the town is
built, are some slight remains of the castle of the power-
ful sept of the Magennises, lords of Iveagh, command-
ing the entire country for ten miles round ; a modern
house was erected on the site in ISI'2, when, in digging
the foundation, many small cells were discovered, in
some of which were human bones, pieces of armour,
coins, and other relics.
RATHGAR, a district, partly in the united parishes
of St. Peter and St. Kevin, barony of Uppercross,
and partly in the parish of Rathfarnham, barony of
Newcastle, union of South Dublin, county of Dub-
lin, and province of Leinster, 1^ mile (S.) from
Dublin : the population is returned with the respective
parishes. This place, which is on the road from Dublin,
by way of Rathmines, to Roundtown, consists of several
ranges of pleasant houses, and numerous detached vil-
las, among which are Rathgar House and Prospect Villa.
There is an extensive bleach-green, with printing-works
belonging to Messrs. Waldron, Dodd, Carton, & Co.,
for muslin, calicoes, and silks ; the works are set in
motion by a steam-engine of 30- horse power, and a
water-wheel of equal force, and afford employment to
300 men. In the immediate vicinity are some quarries
of good limestone, which are extensively worked ; and
strata of calp limestone have been discovered alternating
with the limestone in several places, here, as well as in
the quarries at Roundtown and Crumlin, inclined at a
considerable angle and exhibiting other appearances of
disturbance.
RATHGOGAN, a parish, in the union of Kil.mal-
LOCK, barony of Orrery and Kilmore, county of
Cork, and province of Munster, on the road from
Limerick to Cork ; containing, with the post-town of
Charleville (which is separately described), 5178 in-
habitants. It is supposed to have derived its name
from the great number of raths or forts in the imme-
diate neighbourhood ; and appears to have had an
ancient castle, of which nothing more is known than
that in 164'2 it was besieged by the insurgents, and re-
lieved by some English forces under the command of
Lord Inchiquin. the parish comprises 3318 statute
acres : the land is mostly in pasture ; limestone
abounds and is burnt for manure, and the state of
agriculture is gradually improving. The surrounding
country has a rather bleak aspect. The seats are
Saunders Park, Fortlands, Springfort. Belfort, Knight
Lodge, and Moatville.
3 N
RATH
RATH
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Cloyne ; the rectory is partly impropriate to the Earl
of Cork, and partly with the vicarage is united to the
vicarage of Ballyhea, in the patronage of the Bishop.
The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £245. 2., of which
£76. 18. 3. are payable to the Earl of Cork, and the
remainder to the incumbent : the entire rent-charge of
the benefice of the vicar is £468. Of the parochial
glebe, only a few perches near the church are at present
known. A new and handsome church, with a tower and
spire, has just been completed at a cost of £2300, of
which a large portion was collected by the Rev. W. Hall ;
it is situated in the town of Charleville, where the
former church stood. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, called Charleville,
comprising also small portions of the parishes of Ard-
skeagh, Ballyhea, and Shandrum : the principal chapel
is situated in the town, and there is also a chapel at
Ardnagehy. Near Moatville are the ruins of the ancient
mansion of Lord Orrery, burnt in the war of 1688 ; and
the neighbourhood is remarkable for the perfect state
of those earthworks usually called Danish raths ; they
are generally of a circular form, and most of them are
surrounded by a rampart and fosse. At Ballysallagh,
or Ballysally, are the ruins of an old church, with a
cemetery attached.
RATHGORMUCK, a parish, in the union of Clon-
MEL, barony of Upperthird, county of Waterford,
and province of Munster, 3 miles (S. S. W.) from
Carrick-on-Suir ; containing 2498 inhabitants, of whom
130 are in the village. This parish, which takes its
name from an ancient rath, is situated on the confines
of the county of Tipperary ; comprises 17,966 statute
acres ; and contains a constabulary police station. It
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, forming part of
the union of Mothel ; the rectory is impropriate in
the Duke of Devonshire, and the tithe rent-charge is
£306. .5. 8., of which £180. IS. are payable to the im-
propriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the
union of Mothel, or Rathgormuck, and contains a
chapel.
RATHGRAFF, or Castle-Pollard, a parish, in
the union of Oldcastle, barony of Demifore, county
of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, on the road
from Dublin to Grauard, and on the river Glore ; con-
taining, with the post-town of Castle-Pollard, 3606 in-
habitants. This parish, also called Rathgarth and Rath-
garrue, comprises 6024 statute acres of land, chiefly arable
and producing good crops : limestone abounds, and there
are some large quarries : there is very little bog. Within
the parish are the hills of Sliebuoy and Loughanstown.
Fairs for live stock are held at Castle-Pollard, and
petty-sessions every Wednesday. The living is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Meath, united by act of council in
1676 to the vicarages of Lickbla, Faughley, and Mayne,
and to the curacies of St. Feighan-of-Fore, Favoran,
Beatffi-lMariiE-de-Fore, and Kilpatriik, forming the
union of Rathgraff, in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
rectory is impropriate in the Marquess of Westmeath.
The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £140. 12., of which
£62. 10. are payable to the impropriator; the gross
value of the benefice of the vicar, before the passing of
the Rent-charge act, was £609. II., including £42 the
value of 31 acres comprised in three glebes. Theglebe-
458
house is a good comfortable building, in Castle-Pollard.
The church is a handsome building surmounted with a
spire, in the Gothic style, and in excellent repair, built
in 1821, at a cost of £2769, being a loan from the late
Board of First Fruits, one-third of it repayable in
annual instalments by the Earl of Longford and W. D.
Pollard, Esq., the remainder by the united parishes.
There is also a church in the parish of Mayne. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a
district, called Castle-Pollard, comprising the parishes
of Rathgraff, Lickbla, and Favoran ; in which union are
four chapels, two in Rathgraff, one in Castle-Pollard,
and another at Millcastle. Ruins exist of the old church
of Rathgraff.
RATHGRANAGHER, a village, in the parish of
KiLMAiNMORE, uuiou of Ballinrobe, barouy of Kil-
MAiN, county of Mayo, and province of Connaught ;
containing 137 inhabitants.
RATHHENDRICK, a village, in that part of the
parish of Loghan which is in the barony of Upper
Kells, county of Meath, and province of Leinster ;
containing about 18 houses and 96 inhabitants.
RATHJORDAN, a parish, in the union of Kil-
MALLOCK, barony of Clanwilliam, county of Lime-
rick, and province of Munster, 5 miles (S.) from
Cahirconlish, and on the road from Limerick to Hos-
pital ; containing 473 inhabitants. This parish com-
prises 1064 statute acres : some of the land is remark-
ably good, but the holdings being generally small, agri-
culture as a system is altogether unknown, and the land
is cultivated in a very slovenly manner ; the chief crops
are oats and potatoes, but wheat is becoming more gene-
ral than formerly. Rathjordan is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Emly, forming part of the union and
corps of the precentorship of Emly : the tithe rent-
charge is £52. 10. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Herbertstown and
Hospital. Not far from the ruins of the church is a
holy well dedicated to St. John the Baptist, much fre-
quented by the peasantry, especially on the anniversary
of the saint.
RATHKEALE, properly Rakele, a market and post
town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the barony
of Lower Connello, county of Limerick, and pro-
vince of Munster, 14 miles (S. W. by W.) from Lime-
rick, and 108 (S. W.) from Dubhn ; containing 8293
inhabitants, of whom 4201 are in the town. It was
a place of importance at a very early period, being the
site of a priory of Augustinian canons of the order
of Aroasia, founded, and endowed with twelve marks
annually, by Gilbert Harvey in 1289, and further en-
dowed by Eleanor Purcell, a descendant of Harvey, who
also caused it to be dedicated to the Blessed Virgin
Mary. The town and neighbouring district formed part
of the possessions of the earls of Desmond, who had
three strong castles in the town, one of which was in-
tended to guard the passage of the Deel. After the
battle of Monasteruenagh, fought in 1579 between Sir
Nich. Malby and Sir John Desmond, the latter fled to
this place, whither he was pursued, and whence he was
forced to retreat to Askeaton, where he was again de-
feated by Sir Geo. Carew. On the landing of the
Spaniards at Smerwick, in 1580, the queen's forces,
commanded by the Lord- Deputy Grey, the Earl of
Ormonde, and others, assembled here ; and ou the lord-
HATH
RATH
deputy leaving the place, Capt. (afterwards Sir Walter)
Raleigh remained behind in ambush, and surprised a
number of the Irish who had collected to plunder the
deserted camp ; for which gallant service the corpora-
tion presented him with the freedom of the town, he in
return repairing the castles of Rathkeale and Matrix.
In 1654, the town was fixed on as the place of election
for the member to represent the counties of Limerick,
Clare, and Kerry, in Cromwell's parliament, into which
he proposed to introduce 100 members for Ireland :
but though the corporation is frequently noticed in
history, nothing is known of its origin, charter, or con-
stitution, further than that it was disfranchised by
Cromwell, on the ground that the town had refused his
army a sufficient supply of provisions ; and its privi-
leges were never after restored.
The TOWN is situated on the mail-road from Lime-
rick to Tralee, on both sides of the river Deel ; in
population, it is second only to Limerick in the
county ; it consists principally of a single street, a mile
in length, with smaller streets, and lanes branching
from it. The river intersects the main street, and is
crossed by a bridge now in a dilapidated and danger-
ous state. There are several large and handsome houses
(most of which are uninhabited) and a few good shops ;
but the town in general presents a poor and mean
appearance : a number of Palatines settled in the town
and neighbourhood, whose neat cottages and farm-
steads form a striking contrast to most of the adjacent
dwellings. There is a branch of the National Bank.
The market, which is well supplied, is held on Thurs-
day i the older fairs are on Feb. 7th, April 4th, June
1st and 19th, Aug. 5th, Sept. 18th, and Nov. 18th.
Those of June 19th and Sept., which are chiefly for
horses, are very much frequented ; those of April and
Sept., are for horned-cattle, great numbers being sold ;
the remaining fairs are principally for sheep and pigs.
Besides these, a monthly fair has been recently esta-
blished, and is well attended. All the transactions in
the market and fairs are carried on in the open street.
The town is a chief constabulary police station : the
quarter-sessions for the district are held in it in January,
March, June, and October ; and petty-sessions every
Thursday. The court-house is a convenient building,
but much out of repair. The bridewell is one of the
largest in the county, containing three day-rooms, three
airing-yards, and eight cells : it is under good regula-
tions. The fever hospital, built in 1S30 near the town,
at an expense of £400, has accommodation for 25 intern
patients ; and there is a dispensary.
The PARISH comprises 1'2,095 statute acres : the sur-
face is undulating ; the soil in some parts light, in others
a stiflF clay. About five out of eight parts of the land
are under tillage ; two in meadow, demesnes, and plan-
tations ; and one is rough pasture and marsh, with
about VZO acres of common, and 100 of exhausted bog.
The system of agriculture is improving ; the principal
crops are wheat, potatoes, oats, and barley, with some
flax and clover. The population is almost wholly agri-
cultural, the only manufacture being that of linen on a
small scale for domestic use. The flour-mill at Castle
Matrix has been fitted up by the proprietor, J. South-
well Brown, Esq., in the most complete manner, and
with the most improved machinery, which is propelled
bv the current of the river Deel : the mill can grind
459
20,000 barrels of wheat annually, and gives employment
to 100 persons. A lead-mine at Curraghnadaly, a mile
from Rathkeale, was till recently worked : there are in-
dications of the same metal at Mount Brown, three
miles distant ; and in the immediate neighbourhood a^e
strong indications of rich silver-ore. The country is
highly interesting, presenting a number of varied pros-
pects embellished with numerous seats and flourishing
woods and plantations : the most remarkable seats are,
Beechmount, Ballywilliam, Mount Brown, Knocknakilla,
Rathkeale Abbey, Wilton House, Brownville, Deans-
fort, Mount Southwell, Enniscoush, Stoneville, the
Glebe Castle, the residence of the incumbent of the ad-
joining parish of Kilscannel, and the origin of the sin-
gular name of which has not been ascertained, and
Castle Matress or Matrix, of Mr. Southwell Brown.
This castle, which stands about a mile from the town,
was erected in the reign of Elizabeth, and is a square
castellated building, 90 feet high ; it was besieged by
Cromwell, but the only traces of injury it retains are
the marks of a few cannon shot. The structure occu-
pies a prominent situation on the banks of the Deel,
forming a picturesque object in the landscape, and com-
manding extensive views of the surrounding country,
including the Shannon, and the Clare and Tipperary
mountains ; it was lately put into a state of complete
repair, in doing w hich due attention was paid to preserve
its original character by its proprietor. All these resi-
dences are within the parish ; not far distant from the
town are Altavilla, Riddlestown, Clonard, Elm Hill,
Glenville, Cahermoyle, and Nantinan House.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Limerick,
united from time immemorial to the rectories and vicar-
ages of Kilscannel, Clounagh, and Clounshire, and to the
rectory of Dundonnell, together constituting the union
of Rathkeale and the corps of the chancellorship of the
cathedral of Limerick, in the patronage of the Bishop.
The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £492. 4. 8., and of
the whole benefice £935. 15. The glebe-house was
erected in 1819, by aid of a gift of £100 and a loan of
£1500 from the late Board of First Fruits : the paro-
chial glebe comprises 14 acres, in two portions; one
near the church, on which the Glebe Castle stands ; the
other a mile distant, on which the glebe house is built.
The church is a very handsome edifice in the early
English style, with a lofty square tower, embattled, and
crowned with crocketed pinnacles : it was erected in
1831, near the site of the former church, and is built of
black marble raised from a quarry on the river's bank
near the town ; it stands on a gentle eminence west of
the river, close to the old site of Castle-Southwell. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of
a district, comprising also part of Kilscannel parish, and
the whole of the ancient parishes of Rathnasaire and
Kilcoleman. The chapel, an ancient and plain building
with a new front, is in the town ; in which is also a
place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. The union
workhouse, occupying a site of 6 acres purchased for
£550, on the Askeaton road, was completed in 1840 at
an expense of £66S6, and will contain about 700 paupers.
At the upper end of the Main-street are the ruins of
the ancient priory, already noticed : the tower and
western gable are complete, and the side walls nearly so ;
but the building was small, and its architectural details
are bv no means interesting. Two miles to the north of
3N2
RATH
RATH
the town are the fine ruins of Liosnacoille Castle, built
by the Mac Sheehys, who were introduced into this
part of the country by the seventh earl of Desmond in
14'20 ; and two miles to the south is Ballyallinan Castle,
on the eastern bank of the Deel, built by the O'Hal-
liuans. The latter was taken in 1600 from Rory Mac
Sheehy, by Dermot O'Connor, in execution of a plan for
delivering the Sugan Earl of Desmond to the English ;
but he was shortly after besieged in it, and compelled
by his own followers to surrender.
RATHKELTY.— See Rahelty.
RATHKENAN, a parish, in the union ofTnuRLES,
barony of Lower Kilnemanagh, county of Tippe-
RARY, and province of Munster, 4^ miles (S. W.) from
Thurles ; containing 2*7 inhabitants, and comprising
787 statute acres. It is a perpetual cure, in the diocese
of Cashel, anne.xed to that of Holy Cross, and in the
patronage of the Bishop : the rectory is impropriate
in Carew Hamilton, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is
about £32. 14.
RATHKENNY, a parish, in the union of Navan,
barony of Upper Slane, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4 miles (N. W.) from Slane ; on the
road from Moynalty to Drogheda, and close by the
coach-road from Dublin to Londonderry ; containing
2177 inhabitants. This parish comprises 5496 statute
acres : the land is of good quality ; about two-thirds
are arable and the rest pasture, except about 150 acres
of bog. From the hill of Mullaha a view of seven coun-
ties is obtained. Rathkcnny is a police station. The
seats are Mullaha and Rathkenny House. The living is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, and in the patron-
age of T. Hussey, Esq. ; the rectory is impropriate in
the Marquess of Drogheda, and the tithe rent-charge is
£288. 14., about half payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the vicar. The church is a small
modern structure. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Slane : a large
chapel has just been built, the front of which is faced
with hewn stone ; it is a neat Gothic edifice. There are
some remains of an ancient castle.
RATHKYRAN, a parish, in the union of Water-
ford, barony of Iverk, county of Kilkenny, and pro-
vince of Leinster, near the road from Waterford to
Carrick-on-Suir, and 4i miles (N. W.) from Waterford ;
containing 985 inhabitants, of whom about 120 are in
the village. The parish comprises 3479 statute acres ;
the village contains 22 houses. The living is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Ossory, and in the patronage of the
Vicars-Choral of the cathedral of Kilkenny ; the rectory
is appropriate to the dean and chapter, and the tithe
rent-charge is £152. 8., of which £101. 12. are payable
to the dean and chapter, and the remainder to the vicar.
The church is in good repair. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
this parish and those of Aglishmartin, Portnescully,
Poleroan, Clonmore, Ballytarsna, Tubrid, and part of
Burnchurch ; in which union are three chapels. At
Moncoin is a school under the superintendence of the
nuns, in which are about 250 girls.
RATHLACKAN, a village, in the parish of Lackan,
union of Ballina, barony of Tyrawley, county of
Mayo, and province of Connaught, 5^ miles (N.) from
Killala ; containing 497 inhabitants. It is situated upon
the north-western coast; and has a post under Killala
460
RATHLIN, an island and parish, in the union of
Ballycastle, barony of Carey, county of Antrim,
and province of Ulster, 65 miles (N.) from Ballycastle ;
containing 1010 inhabitants. This island, which is
situated off the northern coast of Antrim, nearly oppo-
site to the town of Ballycastle, in lat. 54° 36' (N.) and
Ion. 9° 15' (W.), and which is regarded as the Ricnia of
Pliny and the Richia of Ptolemy, has received various
appellations from different writers. By the Irish histo-
rians it is called Recarn, or Recrain ,- by Buchanan,
Raclinda ; by Mackenzie, Rachri ; by Ware, Raghiui ;
and Raghery by Hamilton, who derives that name from
Ragh Erin, signifying the " fort of Erin." Its present
name, which has been adopted by all modern writers, is
but a slight modification of that given to it by Ware.
St. Comgall, is said to have landed in this island with
the intention of founding a cell, but was expelled by a
band of soldiers. In the sixth century, however, a
church was founded here, probably by St. Columba,
who is said to have placed it under the superintendence
of St. Colman. But the foundation of this religious
establishment is by some writers attributed to Lugard
Laither, who was abbot about the year 590, and by
others to St. Legene, abbot of Hy, by whom it was re-
paired about the year 630. In 790, a body of Danish
pirates, in their first descent upon the coast, laid waste
the whole island, and destroyed the monastery, which
was soon afterwards restored : it was again destroyed
in 973, by the Danes, who martyred the abbot, St.
Feradach ; since which time no subsequent notice of it
occurs. King John granted the island to Alan of Gal-
loway, in Scotland ; and Robert Bruce, when driven
from Scotland by the success of Baliol, his competitor
for the crown, took refuge here, where he fortified him-
self in a castle, of which a fragment still remaining bears
his name. In 1558, the Earl of Sussex, then lord-
deputy, attacked the Scots who had taken possession of
the island, and expelled them with great slaughter ; and
so much did the place suffer from the repeated ravages
of the English and Scots, that it is stated, in a manu-
script history of the country, to have been totally unin-
habited in 1580.
The ISLAND is about six miles and a half in length,
and about a mile and a half in breadth near the centre ;
the eastern portion curves towards the main land, from
the nearest point of which it is about three miles dis-
tant, forming a small inclosure called Church bay. It
comprises, according to the Ordnance survey, 3398|-
statute acres, including 30^ acres under water : about
three-fourths consist of rocks and stony pasture, and
the remainder of arable land of medium quality. The
isle is fully exposed to the northern ocean ; and the
tides running here with great impetuosity, the sea is
often so rough as to deter tourists from visiting it. The
western side is rocky and mountainous, and the appear-
ance of the coast strikingly magnificent ; brown rocks,
and still darker masses of basaltic pillars, are in some
places contrasted with chalk cliffs : on the northern side
the precipices towards the sea rise to the height of 450
feet without any projecting base. The soil is a light
mould, intermixed with fragments of basalt and lime-
stone ; the valleys are rich and well cultivated, and
arable land, meadows, and a variety of rocky pastures,
are scattered over the entire island. The substratum of
nearly the whole is basalt and limestone ; and on the
RATH
II A T H
eastern side especially the rock forms beautiful ranges
of columns, differing from those of the Giants' Cause-
way only in their dimensions, and in the greater variety
of their arrangement, being found in the same places
perpendicular, horizontal, and curved. Considerable
beds of hard chalk extend for some distance along the
southern shore ; and in some places, as near Church
bay, where they are intersected by basaltic dikes, the
hard chalk or limestone is found to possess phosphoric
qualities : beds of puzzolana are also found here, and,
on the shores, a substance resembling pumice-stone.
Mr. Hamilton traces a vein of coal and ironstone pass-
ing under the sea from the mines at Ballycastle to this
island, which he thinks has been separated from the
opposite coast by some convulsion of nature.
Barley of excellent quality, and cattle, are sent off
from this place ; the former is chiefly purchased by
Scottish merchants. Kelp was formerly made in great
quantities ; its manufacture was the chief source of
wealth to the inhabitants ; but since the bleachers have
discontinued the use of it, there is very little demand :
the chief markets for it are Campbelltown, and Glasgow.
There are two storehouses, one for kelp and one for barley,
erected by the Rev. Mr. Gage, proprietor of the island,
for the purpose of collecting the produce of his tenantry ;
there is also a mill for grinding oats. The horses,
cattle, and sheep, are all small. Church bay, though
affording good anchorage, is exposed to the violence of
the western winds, during the prevalence of which no
vessel can ride here in safety ; the only other havens
are some creeks on the eastern side, the principal of
which is Port Ushet, where the craft belonging to the
island shelter during the winter. The people of this
part of the island are principally fishermen, who make
short voyages, and carry on a little trade by way of bar-
ter ; they all speak the English language, while in the
western part of the island the Irish language is uni-
versal. The inhabitants, from want of intercourse with
strangers, have many peculiarities ; they are simple,
laborious, and honest people, entertaining an ardent
affection for their island, which alone they regard as
their country, and speaking of Ireland as of a foreign
land. They are very dexterous in seeking for the nests
of sea-fowl, for which purpose they swing themselves
down the face of the precipices by means of a rope
secured to a stake on the summit. Catholics and Pro-
testants generally live together in the greatest harmon}',
undisturbed by the difference of religion ; they fre-
quently intermarry : scarcely was an individual ever
known to emigrate formerly, but many young men have
gone to America of late years. There is neither any
town nor regular village ; the dwellings of the inhabit-
ants are irregularly scattered throughout the island.
The proprietor is constantly resident, and acts as magis-
trate. A coast-guard station for one officer and six
men, one of the eight that constitute the district of
Ballycastle, has been established here.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Connor,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-
charge is £4,5, which is augmented with £'27. 14. from
Primate Boulter's fund. The glebe-house has been con-
demned as unfit for residence, and the curate has a
house and garden rent-free provided by the incumbent,
who pays him a stipend of £70. The glebe comprises
15 acres, valued at £1S. 15. per annum; making the
461
gross income of the benefice £91. 9- The church, to-
wards the erection of which the late Board of First
Fruits contributed £H00, is a neat edifice with a square
tower, erected in 1815. The Roman Catholic chapel is
a plain building. There are some slight remains of the
ruined fortress called Bruce's Castle, of the original foun-
dation of which nothing is upon record. Almost in the
centre of the island are some small tumuli ; in one of
these was a stone coffin, near which were an earthen
vessel, and a considerable number of human bones j and
on the plain where the tumuli are placed have been
found brazen swords, spear-heads, and a large fibula,
which are deposited in the museum of Trinity College,
Dublin. Not far from the Black Rock, on the south of
Church bay, are four remarkable caverns, which, though
penetrating a basaltic mass and at a point remote from
any calcareous formation, have calcareous stalactites
depending from the roof, which by their continual drop-
ping have deposited an incrustation, about an inch in
thickness, on the floor beneath.
RATHLIN O'BEIRNE.— See Glencollumbkille.
RATHLINE.— See Rathcline.
RATHLOGAN, an ancient parish, in the union of
Kilkenny, barony of Galmoy, county of Kilkenny,
and province of Leinster, on the confines of the county
of Tipperary ; containing 218 inhabitants, and comprising
485 statute acres.
RATHLYNAN, or Rathliney, a parish, within the
barony of Clanwilliam, union and county of Tip-
perary-, and province of Munster, 3^ miles (N. E. by FT.)
from Tipperary, on the road to Thurles ; containing
1347 inhabitants. It comprises 27 8*2 statute acres of
land, generally good, and mostly in tillage. The river
Multeen flows through the parish, within the limits of
which are the residences of Lacken and Mount Wil-
liam. At the Cross of Donaskeigh is a station of the
constabulary police. Rathlynan is a rectory and vicar-
age, in the diocese of Ca.'-hel, forming part of the union
of Ballintemple ; the tithe rent-charge is £150.
RATHMACKXEE, a parish, in the barony of Forth,
union and county of Wexford, and province of Lein-
ster, 4 miles (S. by W.) from Wexford, on the road to
Kilmore; containing 573 inhabitants. It comprises 1861
statute acres of land. Limestone-quarries have been
opened on the estates of Sir Wm. Geary and II. K. G.
Morgan, Esq., and the produce is sold to the tenantry
at a low price : the value of these quarries might be
greatly increased by a short cut to Wexford harbour,
thus opening a conveyance for the limestone into the
interior of the county. There is a flour-mill near the
church. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of J. Kincaid,
Esq., by purchase from the Corporation of Dublin : the
tithe rent-charge is £104. 7- 3., and there is a glebe
comprising l^ acres of cultivated land. The glebe-
house, towards the erection of which the late Board of
First Fruits, in 1809, contributed £100 as a gift and
£114 as a loan, is situated near the church, and shel-
tered by a small but thriving plantation. The church
is a neat edifice in the later English style, erected in
1817 at an expense of £800, being a gift from the same
Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
the head of the district called Piercestown, comprising
also the parishes of Drinagh, Killiane, Kilmocree, Kil-
davin, and Rathaspeck ; and containing the chapels of
RATH
RATH
Piercestown, Kilmocree, and Mourntown, the first in
Rathmacknee and the last in Kildavin. Adjoining the
church is the ancient castle of Rathmacknee, one of the
most perfect of the numerous castles in this county ; it
consists of a massive square tower with the greater
part of the walls still surrounding it, and about 80 5'ears
since was inhabited by an ancestor of the present pro-
prietor. The castle and church, with the encircling
trees, form a very pleasing group. In the churchyard
are two ancient tombs, one of which appears to have
been the sepulchre of a former minister, or priest, of the
parish.
RATHMELTON.— See Ramelton.
RATHMICHAEL, a parish, in the union and barony
of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province of
Leinster, 2 miles (N. VV.) from Bray, on the road to
Dublin; containing 1447 inhabitants. This place ap-
pears to have attained a considerable degree of import-
ance at a very early period : the vicars-choral of St.
Patrick's, Dublin, claimed as their ancient inheritance
the town of Shanganagh, in the parish ; and the whole
of that extensive townland belonged, from the reign of
Edward I., to the family of Walsh, of Old Connaught,
till the early part of the last century, when it was pur-
chased by Lewis Roberts, Esq. It has since that time
been divided into portions, and let on leases in per-
petuity by the heirs of that family, who hold the fee-
simple of the estate ; the largest portion of the land,
consisting of more than 100 plantation acres, has been
for fifty years in the occupation of General Sir George
Cockburu.
The parish, which is bounded on the east by the sea,
comprises 2808 statute acres. The soil is good, and
the system of agriculture highly improved ; the only
waste land is mountain, which affords rough pasturage :
there are about eight acres of common. Granite is
found in several places, and on the mountain of Shan-
kill, on and near which are mines of lead worked by the
Mining Company of Dublin. Shanganagh, the seat of
Sir G. Cockburn, is a spacious and handsome castellated
mansion, almost wholly built by its proprietor : the in-
terior contains many elegant apartments, with an ex-
tensive and well-selected library, a fine collection of
paintings by the best masters, a variety of marbles,
antique casts, and bronzes, collected by Sir George while
in Italy, and some specimens of Egyptian granite. Mo-
saic work, and other articles of vertu. In front of the
house is a column of Grecian marble with a rich Corin-
thian antique capital, erected by the proprietor in com-
memoration of the passing of the Reform Bill, and on
one side of which is a tablet expressing his disappoint-
ment at that measure. The views from the house are
finely diversified, embracing woods, mountain, and sea ;
and the grounds are ornamented with a variety of
statuary, tastefully disposed. There are several other
seats, which, from their elevated situation and proximity
to the sea, command fine prospects ; and the eastern
side of the Scalp, which abounds with features of the
rudest magnificence, is within the parish. The lead-
works of the Mining Company afford employment to
many persons. The ore is chiefly galena, but carbonate
is found in small portions, and a great deal of silver
has been lately obtained, in veins independent of the
ore : in the immediate vicinity of the mines is a tower
for making shot, and at Ballycorus are furnaces for
462
smelting the ore not only of these but of other mines
in the neighbouring districts belonging to the same
company ; there are also works for rolling the lead, and
making pipes of all sizes. A patent exists for holding
fairs near the present ruins of the ancient church,
round which was formerly a considerable village ; but
none are now held.
The parish was separated from the ecclesiastical union
of Bray in 1826. The living is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Dublin, constituting the prebend of
Rathmichael in the cathedral of St. Patrick : the tithe
rent-charge is £187. 10. The glebe-house is an inferior
residence, built by Dr. John Lyon, the friend and con-
temporary of Dean Swift ; there are a few acres of
glebe. The church is in ruins ; the Protestant pa-
rishioners attend the church of Bray. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Kingstown and Cabinteely, and part of that of Sandy-
ford and Glancullen. Near the ruins of the church,
which occupy an elevated site commanding a view of
the sea and the adjoining country, are the remains of an
ancient round tower, consisting of the foundation and
about two feet of the wall above ground : it has a
singular under-ground gallery, mostly choked up, which
is said to be extensive. The remains of a line of castles
and intrenchments may be traced, commencing on the
lands of Shanganagh, near Loughlinstown, and con-
tinued over the mountain beyond Rathmichael to Bally-
man ; in such as yet exist, the vaults appear to have
been centred with wicker-work. There are several
Druidical relics in the neighbourhood; also the. ruins
of Puck's Castle, and that of Shankill, the latter said to
have been besieged by Cromwell, and near which have
been frequently found human skeletons, and coins of the
reigns of Charles I. and James I. In a field belonging
to Mr. Hopper was discovered, in ploughing, a stone
coffin containing human hones. The glebe-house was
for several j'cars the favourite retreat of Dr. Leland,
author of the History of Ireland, who was rector of the
union of Bray, and who planted the shrubbery which
nov.' surrounds the house.
RATHMINES, a considerable village, and suburb
of Dublin, in that part of the united parishes of St.
Peter and St. Kevin which is in the barony of Upper-
cross, union of South Dublin, county of Dublin,
and province of Leinster, on the old road to Milltown,
2 miles (S ) from the General Post-Office ; containing
2429 inhabitants. This place is chiefly noted as the
scene of the celebrated battle of Rathmines, which oc-
curred Aug. 2nd, 1649. The Marquess of Ormonde,
with the royalist army, consisting of about 7OOO foot
and 4000 horse, had fixed his head-quarters at Old Rath-
mines Castle, and was taking measures to invest the
city of Dublin ; but an action with the garrison being
brought on by an attack upon the neighbouring castle
of Baggotrath, the republican soldiers gained an advan-
tage, which they pursued with vigour, and succeeded in
putting to flight the whole of the forces under Ormonde,
with the loss on the part of the latter of 600 slain and
1800 prisoners, among whom were 300 officers. The
marquess retired to Kilkenny. From the circumstance
of cannon and musket-balls, and coins of the reign of
James I., being frequently ploughed up, it is conjectured
that the conflict raged a considerable distance along the
banks of the river Dodder. There is a small woollen
RATH
RATH
factory belonging to Messrs. Willans. Twenty years
since, Uathniiiies was only known as an obscure village ;
it now forms a fine suburb, commencing at Portobello
bridge, and extending in a continued line of handsome
houses, with some pretty detached villas, for about one
mile aud a half. Among the most conspicuous resi-
dences was Rathmines Castle, a castellated mansion in
tastefully disposed grounds ; but not a vestige of the
building now remains, it having been taken down in
the year 1S45 by Lord Palmerston, the proprietor, and
part of the lands laid out as public pleasure-grounds ;
another part is occupied by a terrace named after the
noble owner, and several villus will be erected, which
will command fine prospects. A church was erected in
18'28, at a cost of £'2600, defrayed by the late Board of
First Fruits ; it is in the pointed style of architecture,
with a square tower surmounted with a lofty spire : the
design is in imitation of the ancient roofed crypts, the
roof being a solid arch, and the walls and ceiling in the
interior forming a continued vault. It is a chapel of
ease to the united parishes of St. Peter and St. Kevin.
On the Rathmines road is a neat Roman Catholic
chapel, which is the parochial chapel for the district of
St. Mary and St. Peter, comprising parts of the Pro-
testant parishes of St. Peter, St. Kevin, St. Catherine,
and St. Mary, Dounybrook : in addition, there are
Roman Catholic chapels at Milltown, and at the nun-
neries at Harolds-Cross aud Ranelagh.
RATHMOLION, a parish, in the union of Trim,
barony of Lower Moyfenragh, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (W. by N.) from
Summerhill, on the road to Longwood ; containing 2953
inhabitants, of whom 1/6 are in the village. The parish
comprises 9/83 statute acres, mostly light and gravelly.
The village consists of 26 houses, and about half a mile
from it is a constabulary police station : fairs are held
on April 19th, June 30th, and Sept. 29th. The living
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, and in the patron-
age of W. Snell Magee, Esq. ; the rectory is impropriate
in the Earl of Darnley, and the tithe rent-charge is
d£328. 17-, of which £173. I. 6. are payable to the im-
propriator, and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe-
house was built in 1813, at a cost of £628, partly de-
frayed by £100 from the late Board of First Fruits, the
remainder by the then incumbent : the glebe comprises
35 acres, valued at £43. 1.5. per annum. The church
is a neat edifice, built in 1797, partly by private sub-
scription and partly by parochial assessment, at an e.\-
pense of £444 ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners re-
cently granted £233 for its enlargement. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a dis-
trict, comprising Rathmolion and Rathcore, in each of
which is a chapel. A dispensary is supported partly
by subscriptions and by the aid of R. Fowler, Esq. At
Castletown is an ancient Danish fort ; and in the parish
are also the ruins of an old church.
RATHMORE, a parish, in the union of Balting-
LASS barony of Rathvilly, county of Carlow, and
province of Leinster, 7 miles (S.) from Baltinglass,
and on the road from Tullow to Castle-Dermot ; con-
taining 323 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the
confines of the county of Kildare, by which it is bounded
on the north-west, and on the river Slaney, w hich forms
its south-eastern boundary. It comprises 815 statute
acres, the greater part in meadow aud pasture, and
463
nearly all the remainder in tillage ; there is a very
small portion of woodland and bog. Rathmore is a
station of the constabulary police. It is a rectory, in
the diocese of Leighlin, forming part of the union of
Rathvilly : there is a glebe of 13 acres. In the Roman
Catholic divisions, also, it is part of the union or district
of Rathvilly. About 120 children are educated in a
school endowed by the late Mr. D'Israeli, who be-
queathed £3000 for its establishment and support : the
school-house is a handsome building, consisting of a
centre and two wings, the former being appropriated
as a residence for the master and mistress, who receive
£30 per annum each, and have the use of five acres of
ground rent-free.
RATHMORE, a parish, in the union of Naas,
barony of North Naas, county of Kildare, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4 miles (E.) from Naas, and on the
road from Dublin to Ballymore-Eustace ; containing
1495 inhabitants. This parish, the name of which
signifies the " Great Rath," comprises 7756 statute
acres, all arable and pasture. The living is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Dublin, united by act of council in
1833 to the vicarage of Kilteel, and in the patronage of
the Archbishop ; the rectory is impropriate in Colonel
L. Allen, and the tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£252. 7., of which £73. 5. are payable to the impropri-
ator, and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe-house
was built by aid of £200 and a loan of £500 from the
late Board of First Fruits, in 1821 ; the glebe comprises
12 acres. The church is a small plain structure with a
square tower, erected by aid of a grant of £450, in
1766, from the same Board, which also granted for it,
in 1824, the sum of £375 : it has since been repaired by
a grant of £187 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is in the
district of Blessington, in which are two chapels. Near
the church is a large rath.
RATHMORE, a parish, in the union of Kells,
barony of Llne, county of Meath, and province of
Leinster, If mile (N.) from Athboy, and on the road
from Mullingar to Athlone and Drogheda ; containing
1780 inhabitants. This parish comprises 5345^ statute
acres, the land being generally very good. Rathmore
was formerly the seat of the Bligh family, of whom
John Bligh, Esq., M.P., in 1721 acquired the title of
Baron Clifton of Rathmore, in 1723 that of Viscount
Darnley of Athboy, and in 1725 that of Earl of Darnley ;
some remams e.\ist of the ancient castle, which was part
of the estate of Cruise aud Plunket. The parish is a
rectory, in the diocese of Meath, forming part of the
union of Athboy : the tithe rent-charge, including Moy-
agher, is £138. 9. 2. In the old church, of which there
are considerable remains now forming a picturesque ob-
ject, is a monumental tablet to the memory of Lieu-
tenant-General Thomas Bligh. general of horse at the
battles of Dettingen, Val, Fontenay, and Melle, and
commander-in-chief of the British troops at Cherbourg ;
he died in 1775, and was interred here. There is also
a monument to the memory of Sir Francis Hopkins,
Bart.
RATHMOYLAN, a parish, in the barony of Gaul-
tier, union and county of Waterford, and province
of Munster, 2 miles (S. by W.) from Dunmore; con-
taining 817 inhabitants. This pari.sh is situated on St.
George's Channel, and contains the villages of Rath-
RATH
RATH
moylan and Ballymacaw, chiefly inhabited by fisher-
men, whose occupation, however, is rendered very pre-
carious from the rocky nature of the coast. It comprises
'2456 statute acres. A part of the parish extends south-
ward along the eastern side of Tramore bay to Browns-
town Head, which forms the eastern boundary of the
bay, and, from the similarity of its appearance to the
land at the entrance of Waterford harbour, has often
been fatally mistaken for the entrance into that harbour ;
but two beacon towers have been placed on Browustown
Head as a warning to mariners. The cliffs are pierced
by several caves ; and at the north-east extremity of
Tramore bay, and not far from the parish, is the small
harbour of Rhineshark, in which vessels that are em-
bayed in Tramore may find shelter. By inquisition
taken in 1.537, this rectory and that of Killea were
found to belong to the monastery of St. John the Evan-
gelist, in the city of Waterford ; and they were subse-
quently in the possession of the family of Wyse, in right
of their manor near that city. The parish is in the dio-
cese of Waterford : the rectory is now impropriate in
Nicholas Hearn, Esq., and the vicarage forms part of
the union of Killea. The tithe rent-charge is £124. 16.,
of which £53. 5. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the vicar.
RATHMULLEN, a small sea-port, in the parish of
KiLLYGARVAN, Union of MiLFORD, barony of Kilma-
CRENAN, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster,
h miles (N.) from Ramelton ; containing 639 inhabit-
ants. It is situated on the western shore of Lough
Swilly, and consists of one main street ; it has a receiv-
ing-house for letters under Ramelton, and is both a
constabulary police and a coast-guard station, the latter
being included in the district of Dunfanaghy ; petty-
sessions are held here. There are some remains of a
religious house built by Mac Swine Fanagh, for Car-
melites or White friars, and dedicated to the Blessed
Virgin ; also of a castle, said to have been built by him,
and which was destroyed at the time of the Reforma-
tion, but afterwards rebuilt by Bishop Knox. Part of
this castle was for some time used as the parish church,
previous to the erection of the present edifice.
RATHMULLEN, a parish, in the union of Down-
PATRicK, barony of Legale, county of Down, and
province of Ulster ; containing, with the post-town of
Killough (separately described), '2603 inhabitants. This
parish, which is situated on the eastern coast and inter-
sected by the road from Downpatrick, takes its name
from a rath to the south of the church, near which are
still some vestiges of an ancient castle. The parish is
bounded on the south by Dundrum bay, and comprises
3369| statute acres, of which 85 are water, and the re-
mainder principally under tillage. A considerable tract
of sand-bank extends along the shore; about 80 acres
are marshy land, and there is a small portion of bog ;
but, with the exception of the town parks, there is very
little meadow or pasture. The surface is uneven, and
m some parts marked by rocky elevations ; the soil in
general, however, is rich, and the system of agriculture
greatly improved. Coal is supposed to exist in the
lands towards the coast, though no attempt has been
hitherto made to work it : lead was discovered some
few years since, which on examination was found to
contam a large proportion of silver. Janeville is the
principal seat; there are also many excellent farm-
464
houses in the parish. During the season, some of the
inhabitants are employed in the herring and lobster
fishery ; and a considerable coasting-trade is carried on
between Killough and the different ports in the Channel,
which is highly beneficial to the agricultural interests of
the neighbourhood. St. John's Point, in this parish, is
the most prominent southern headland between Dublin
and the north of Ireland, and, together with the ad-
jacent bay of Dundrum, has been more disastrous to
shipping than any other part of the coast. From the
number of wrecks that have occurred here, the erection
of a lighthouse is imperatively called for, not only for
the safety of trading- vessels, but also of the numerous
fleets of fishing-boats which annually rendezvous at
Killough and Ardglass. This point is situated in lat.
54° ■a?' 40" (N.), and Ion. 5° "24' 30" (W.) ; and a coast-
guard is stationed here, which is one of the seven sta-
tions constituting the district of Newcastle. Fairs are
held at Killough, as is also a monthly court for the
manors of Killough, Hamilton, and Down, the two
former of which are wholly within the parish. The
detached townland of Rossglass was, in 1834, separated
by act of council from the parish of Kilclief, and united
to this parish.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Down, and
in the alternate patronage of the Earl of Carrick and
Viscount Bangor ; the rectory is impropriate in Viscount
Bangor, Stephen Wolfe, Esq., and Miss Hamill. The
tithe rent-charge is £'257. 9- 6., nearly one-third of
which is payable to the impropriators, and the remainder
to the vicar. The glebe-house, towards the erection of
which the late Board of First Fruits contributed £450
and a loan of £150, was built in I8I7 ; the glebe com-
prises 4|- acres, valued at £5. 18. per annum. The
church, a small edifice in the Grecian style, situated on
an eminence overlooking the bay, was built in 1701,
from the proceeds of forfeited impropriations. At Kil-
lough is a chapel of ease, the living of which is a per-
petual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Rath-
muUen. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the union of Bright, and contains chapels
at Killough and Rossglass. Within the parish are also
places of worship for Presbyterians and Wesleyan
Methodists. There are several mineral springs, which
are warm in winter and cold in summer ; one is said to
have a petrifying quality, equal, if not superior, to the
celebrated waters of Lough Neagh. In various parts
are small forts : and on a hill to the west of the church
is a cave, 34 yards in length, divided into four chambers,
the farthest of which is circular and larger than the
others. The headland of St. John's Point was anciently
the site of a commandery of the Knights of St. John of
Jerusalem. There are still some slight remains of the
church on the estate of Captain Browne, near which
several stone coffins of singular form were dug up re-
cently, together with massive gold ornaments and curious
coins ; the church itself, as far as can be conjectured
from its ruins, was of very singular construction, its
style of architecture much resembling the Egyptian.
Here is also a fine spring of clear water, covered over
with stones taken from the ruins of the church.
RATHNAVEOGE, a parish, in the union of Ros-
CREA, barony of Ikerrin, county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, 4 miles (S. W. by S.) from Ros-
crea, and on the south side of the road from Dublin to
R A T H
Limerick ; containing 1635 inhabitants. It comprises
5153 statute acres, of which about 3300 are nearly
equally divided between tillage and pasture ; the re-
mainder is waste. Within its limits is part of Benduff
mountain, on the north-eastern side of which rises a
stream that joins the Nore at a short distance from the
source of that river in the Slieve-Bloom mountains.
The seats are Lisduff, Honey Mount, Summer Hill, and
Newgrove. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Killaloe, forming part of the union of Dun-
kerrin : the tithe rent-charge is £190. 2. 4. ; and there
is a glebe of 24a. 32/)., not at present in the possession
of the rector, but easy to be recovered. In the Roman
Catholic divisions, also, the parish is in the union or
district of Dunkerrin. Some remains of the church and
castle of Ratjhnaveoge .still exist. At a short distance
from the latter is the ruined castle of Ballynakill, the
property, and formerly the residence, of the Minchin
family ; it is surrounded by a high wall regularly forti-
fied, and the buildings appear to have been of consider-
able extent.
RATHNEW, a parish and village, in the barony of
Newcastle, union and county of Wicklow, and pro-
vince of Leinster, at the juncti(m of the roads from
Dublin, Rathdrum, and Bray to Wicklow ; containing,
with part of the town of Wicklow, and all the post-town
of Ashford, 3754 inhabitants, of whom 118 are in the
village of Rathnew. This place, called also Newrath,
derives its name from an ancient rath ; and is inter-
sected by the river Vartrey, over which is a picturesque
bridge. The village contains 10 houses ; and at New-
rath-bridge is a good inn, which has long been cele-
brated for the beauty of its situation and the excellence
of its arrangements. A constabulary police force is
stationed in the village, and petty-sessions are held
there on alternate Mondays. The parish comprises
S64O5 statute acres ; the land is generally good, the
system of agriculture improving, and there is neither
waste land nor bog. The principal seats are, Rosanna,
the residence of the Tighe family, beautifully situated
in a rich demesne embellished with some remarkably
fine timber, particularly the sweet-chesnut tree ; Clon-
mannon, situated in tastefully disposed grounds, com-
manding some interesting sea views and mountain
scenery ; Clermont, from which is a fine view of the sea ;
Upper Tinakelly, commanding an extensive view of the
coast from Bray Head to U'icklow Head ; Ballina Park,
in the grounds of which is a rath ; and the house of
Coolawinney.
The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Dublin and
Glendalough, forming part of the union and corps of
the prebend of Wicklow in the cathedral of St. Patrick,
Dublin : the tithe rent-charge is £'28'2. 16. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish is also part of the
union of Wicklow ; there is a chapel at Ashford. In
the village of Rathnew are the ruins of the church, to
which is attached a burial-ground ; and on the town-
land of Miltown stand the ruins of a castle. Near the
Cherry Orchard is a remarkably fine oak-tree, which at
three feet from the ground measures 21^ feet in girth.
While on a visit at Rosanna, the late Mrs. Tighe, emi-
nently distinguished for her mental endowments and
poetic talents, composed her celebrated poem of Psyche ;
she was also the author of several other admired poems,
and died in 1810, aged 36.
Vol. II.— 465
RATH
RATHOWEN, a market and post town, or village
in the parish of Ratiiaspick, union of Granakd, barony
of MoYGOiSH, county of Westmeath, and pnnince of
Lei.nster, IQi miles (N. \V.) from Mullingar, on the
road to Longford, and 50 (W.) from Dublin ; containing
550 inhabitants. The town comprises 95 houses, the
parish church, the Roman Catholic chapel of the union
of Russagh, and the market-house, where a market is
held every Tuesday ; there are fairs on May 15th and
the second Tuesday in December. It is also a consta-
bulary police station.
RATH PATRICK, or Ballypatrjck, a parish, in
the union of Waterford, barony of Ida, county of
Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (E. by
N.) from Waterford, on the road to New Ross ; contain-
ing 1*74 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the
river Suir, at its confluence with the Ross river : it com-
prises 447 9i statute acres. On the top of the great hill
of Drumdorony, about 300 acres are occupied by a
quarry of breccia, for millstones, which are of so good a
quality as to have formerly been exported to England ;
they are still sent coastwise to Cork, Dublin, and other
Irish ports. Some of the largest are five feet in di-
ameter, and 16 inches in the eye. The stones are near
the surface, and appear above it ; they are shipped with
case into vessels at the base of the hill, in the Ross
river, opposite to the Great Island, which the stream
encircles previous to its junction with the Suir. From
this hill another of less elevation extends southward,
forming the south-eastern angle of the county, and
commanding a magnificent prospect of the banks of the
Suir and the harbour of Waterford. The principal seats
are, Bellevue, beautifully situated on the bank of the
river in a well-planted demesne ; Snow Hill ; Ringville ;
Springfield ; Kilmurry ; Larkfield ; and Mount Prospect.
The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, form-
ing part of the union of Rossbercon ; the rectory is
impropriate in the corporation of Waterford. The tithe
rent-charge is £124. I7. S., of which about £75 are
payable to the corporation, and the remainder to the
vicar. On the next vacancy of the benefice, this parish
is to be united to KilcuUiheen. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Rathpatrick is the head of a district, called
Slieruagh, or Slieve-ruagh, comprising this parish and
those of KilcuUiheen, Ballygorum, Kilbride, Kilquane,
Kilcolumb, and Kilmackavogue ; in which union are a
private and three public chapels, one of which is at
Slieve-Roe, in this parish. There are remains of a castle
in the demesne of Bellevue ; and ruins of an old church
at Rathpatrick, where several stones have been dug up,
bearing inscriptions scarcely legible.
RATHRE.\, a parish, in the barony of Ardagh,
union and county of Longford, and province of Lein-
ster, 5 miles (S.) from Edgeworthstown ; containing
1123 inhabitants. It is situated on the confines of the
county of Westmeath, from which it is separated by the
river Inny ; and comprises 4023^ statute acres : a large
portion consists of bog and unprofitable mountain, and
the arable land is but of ordinary quality ; limestone
abounds. There is a large flour-mill. On the site of
the old castle of Rathrea is Foxhall, a residence. The
parish is in the diocese of Ardagh : the rectory is im-
propriate in R. M. Fox, Esq., and the vicarage forms
part of the union of Kilglass. The tithe rent-charge is
£82. 6. 6., of which £28. 12. S. are payable to the
3 O
RATH
impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the dis-
trict of Lagan, and has a chapel at Ballycloghan. In
the demesne of Foxhall are the ruins of the church,
containing a monument to Sir N. Fox.
RATHREA, a parish, in the union of Ballin.i,
barony of Tyrawlev, county of Mavo, and province of
Con NAUGHT, 5 miles (\V.) from Killala, and on the
road from Ballina to Crossmolina ; containing 1664
inhabitants. It is bounded by the river Owenmore,
and comprises 4l6-t statute acres. The land is mostly
under tillage, and the state of agriculture i.s improving,
though much of the old system is still adhered to :
there is but little bog, and abundance of limestone may
be obtained. Fairs are held on March 17th, the Thurs-
day after Trinity Sunday, June 24th, Sept. 29th, and
Dec. 26th, for cows, horses, and sheep ; but they are
not much frequented. The parish is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Killala : the rectory is partly
appropriate to the vicars-choral of the cathedrals of
Christ Church and St. Patrick's, Dublin ; the vicarage
forms part of the union of Ballisakeery. The tithe
rent-charge is £120, half payable to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the dis-
trict of Kilfian. An old burial-ground on the land of
Major Gardiner is still used.
RATHREGAN, a parish, in the poor-law union of
DuNSHAUGHLiN, barony of Ratoath, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 2 miles (S. byW.) from
Dunshaughlin, and on the road from Dublin to Trim ;
containing 304 inhabitants. This parish comprises
2571 statute acres of tolerably good land, mostly pas-
ture. Here is a constabulary police station. Rathre-
gan is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Meath,
forming part of the union of Dunshaughlin ; the tithe
rent-charge is £90, and the glebe, consisting of 23
acres, is valued at £40 per annum. The glebe-house of
the union is within the parish ; it was built in 1822 by
aid of a loan of £.'j62 from the Board of First Fruits.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head
of a district, called Batterstown, comprising the pa-
rishes of Rathregan, Ballymaglasson, Balfeaghan, Rad-
donstown, Kilcloon, and Moyglare ; and containing
three chapels.
RATHROE, a parish, in the union of New Ross,
barony of Shelburne, county of Wexford, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 3 miles (E.) from Arthurstown ;
containing 770 inhabitants. This parish, which has
Jong since merged for civil purposes into those of St.
James and Dunbrody, is estimated to contain 3981
statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act. It is an
impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, annexed to
those of St. James and Dunbrody: the rectory is im-
propriate in Lord Teraplemore, to whom the tithe rent-
charge, £62. 4., is payable. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is part of the district of Hook.
RATHRONAN, a parish, in the union of Newcas-
tle, barony of Shanid, county of Limerick, and pro-
vince of Munster, 4 miles (W.) from Newcastle, on
the road to Shanagolden ; containing, with the village
of Athca, 3245 inhabitants. This parish comprises
18,117 statute acres; about 1000 are under tillage,
5000 meadow and rich pasture, and the remainder
mountain pasture, plantation, and turbary. The land
in the eastern portion is of good quality, being based on
466
RATH
a substratum of limestone, and produces excellent crops
under a judicious system of cultivation ; the meadows
and pastures are extremely rich ; great numbers of sheep
are fed on them annually, and the mountain districts
aflford pasturage for numerous herds of cattle. There
are not more than 300 acres of waste land, and much of
the rougher kind is daily being brought into cultivation.
The mountain range extends from the village of Ardagh
to the confines of the county west of Athea, where it
joins the county of Kerry, a distance of more than 10
miles ; the general formation is silicious grit and in-
durated clay or clunch, resting on a limestone base.
Throughout the entire range are five several strata of
coal, varying from 12 to 40 inches in thickness; but
the two upper strata, not more than 16 inches thick,
have only yet been worked, and that in a very inefficient
manner : all the strata dip very rapidly. Nodules of
ironstone are found in the rivulets, and also imbedded
in the clunch; limestone is abundant, and no district
in Ireland seems better adapted than this for the esta-
blishment of iron-works. Flag-stones of very large
size are quarried in the mountains, and numerous escars
are found almost exclusively of limestone. The prin-
cipal seats are, Glenville, the residence of a branch of
the Massey family ; and Cahermoyle, of W. S. O'Brien,
Esq. : the woods around these seats are extensive and
luxuriant, and are interesting from their situation in a
fertile valley destitute of all timber but what is on the
demesnes ; the plantations of Glenville are very exten-
sive, reaching to the summit of the mountain. Athea,
or Temple-Athea, is the only village in the parish ; it is
very small, but picturesquely situated, and is a station
of the constabulary police.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Limerick, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
tithe rent-charge is £99. 15. The glebe-house, towards
the erection of which the late Board of First Fruits
contributed £400 and a loan of £340, is a handsome
residence, built in 1827 ; the glebe comprises 2 acres.
The church is a small neat edifice in the early English
style, with a square tower, wholly built in 1822, on
which occasion the late Board advanced a loan of £500.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the eastern portion of
the parish forms part of the union of Ardagh, and the
western portion is a parish of itself, called Athea, where
the chapel is situated. Within the grounds of Glenville
are some chalybeate and petrifying springs. Remains
exist of a very ancient church, and not far from the
parish church are the ruins of Ballyvohan Castle.
RATHRONAN, a parish, in the union of Clonmel,
barony of Iffa and Offa East, county of Tipperarv,
and province of Munster, l^- mile (N.) from Clonmel,
on the road to Fethard ; containing 1112 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 2641 statute acres, and rests
chiefly on a limestone substratum ; the soil is very
good, producing fine wheat and rich pasturage, without
waste land or bog. A flour-mill is situated on a stream
which flows through the parish. Excavations have
been made in quest of coal, at an eminence called the
Giant's Grave ; the last shaft sunk (in a black slaty
rock) passed through a thin bed of wavellite, at a depth
of 40 feet : the proprietor is about to renew the experi-
ment. Rathronan House is the property of General
Sir Hugh Gough, now Lord Gough, elevated to the
peerage in 1846, in reward of his brilliant services in
II A T II
China and in India. Tiie living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Lismore, and in the patronage of the Duke
of Devonshire ; the rectory is impropriate in John Bag-
well, Esq. The tithe rent-charge is £1.5'2. 6. 4., of
which £83. 1. 7. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the vicar ; there is neither glebe nor
glebe-house. The church, a neat building, was erected
in 182.5, on the site of the old church, at the sole ex-
pense of the lady of General Sir William Meadows, who
endowed it with the interest of £1800, payable at the
death of a lady now resident at Exeter. At the Giant's
Grave is an upright stone, about eight feet high above
the ground, on which two crosses are sculptured ; that
ou one side of the stone is in raised relief, that on the
other in bas-relief.
RATHSALLAGH, a parish, in the union of Bal-
TiNGLASS, barony of Upper Talbotstown, county of
WicKLow, and province of Leinster, I mile (S.) from
Dunlavan, on the road to Baltinglass ; containing 226
inhabitants. The parish is situated on the western
boundary of the county, and comprises 1776^ statute
acres : agriculture is improving ; the principal crops
are oats and potatoes. It belongs entirely to E. Penne-
father, Esq., whose mansion is the only gentleman's
seat, though there are several respectable farm-houses.
One of the largest fairs in the kingdom is held here on
Sept. 4th, for horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs. The living
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin and Glendalough,
forming part of the union of Dunlavan ; the rectory is
appropriate to the Dean and Chapter of St. Patrick's
cathedral. Dublin, and the tithe rent-charge is £58. J.,
of which £36. 18. are payable to the appropriators, and
the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is also within the union or district
of Dunlavan. In the demesne of Rathsallagh is a
school, maintained by the Pennefather family. There
is an old rath on the townland of Rathsallagh.
RA^HSARAN, a parish, in the union of Roscrea,
barony of Clandonagh, Queen's county, and province
of Leinster, 2| miles (W.) from Rathdowney, and on
the road from Dublin to Thurles; containing 965 inha-
bitants. This parish comprises 2291 statute acres.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Ossory, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £97. 10., and the glebe comprises 114
acres. The glebe-house was erected by aid of £250,
and a loan of £550, in 1820, from the late Board of
First Fruits. The church was built in 1807, by aid of
£500 from the same Board. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Rath-
downey, and contains a chapel.
RATHTOOLE, or Ballycor, a parish, in the poor-
law union of Baltinglass, barony of Upper Talbots-
town, county of Wicklow, and province of Leinster,
4 miles (N. W. byX.) from Baltinglass, on the road to
Ballitore ; containing 170 inhabitants. It comprises
692^ statute acres ; and is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Dublin, forming part of the union of Timolin : the rec-
tory is appropriate to the prebendaries and vicars-choral
of Christ Church cathedral, Dublin. The tithe rent-
charge is £39. 7. 6., of which £26. 5. are payable to the
appropriators, and the remainder to the vicar. At Bal-
lycor is an ancient burial-place.
RATHUGH, barony of Moycashel, county of
Westmeath. — See Rahue.
467
R A T II
RATIIVILLY, a parish, in the union of Baltin-
glass, barony of Rathvillv, county of Caklow, and
province of Leinster, 5 miles (N. E.) from TuUow, on
the road to Baltinglass, and on the rivers Slaney and
Derreen ; containing 3493 inhabitants, of whom 449
are in the village. This parish comprises 9213 statute
acres, three-fourths being meadow and pasture, and the
remainder, excepting some bog, arable land. Within
its limits, close on the confines of Wicklow county, is
the townland of Ladytown, belonging to Baltinglass
parish. Granite exists in the parish, but is not much
used. The village of Rathvilly is on the eastern side of
the Slaney, and consists of 88 houses : fairs are held
on Jan. 1st, March 25th, June 24th, Aug. 1st, and Nov.
12th, for general farming stock. Lisnaveagh was lately
the residence of the Bunbury family. The living is a
rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, episcopally united,
since 1683, to the rectories of Rathmore and Straboe,
and the impropriate cure of Rahill, and in the patronage
of the Crown, by agreement with the bishop. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £588. 9- 2., and the
entire tithe of the benefice £776. The glebe comprises
12 acres, on which is the glebe-house. The church,
built in 1751, though too small for the congregation, is
a pretty structure with a handsome spire lately added ;
it has been repaired by a grant of £315 from the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
this parish and that of Rathmore, with parts of Straboe,
Kiltegan, and Kilranala ; and containing three chapels,
two of which are in Rathvilly : that at Tynock was
built about fifteen years since, and has a belfry ; that
in the village of Rathvilly is a large old building.
On the townland of Tobinstown is a cromlech : at
the west end are two pillar-stones, eight feet high ; the
table-stone is twenty-three feet long, and at the west
end is eight feet broad, but at the other, which rests on
small stones elevated about a foot from the ground, is
only six. The thickness at the upper end is four feet,
at the lower two ; the under surface is plain and even,
but the upper is convex. Along the sides are several
upright stones, of from three to six feet, rendering the
space underneath an inclosed room, entered between
the two tall uprights : from this entrance is a sort of
avenue, forty yards long, formed by small irregular arti-
ficial hillocks. The whole is in a low plain field, near
a rivulet, on the road from TuUow to Hacketstown.
On the townland of Waterstown is a rude stone cross,
seven feet high, where the parish church is supposed
originally to have stood. Near the village is an old
rath, from which the name of the place appears to
have been taken. Here are remains of a religious
house called Erchorn ; also a ruin of a church, called
Cloughafaile.
RATH WIRE, a village, in the parish of Killccan,
union of Mvllingar, barony of Farbill, county of
Westmeath, and province of Leinster, about 3 miles
(X. N. W.) from Kinnegad, near the road to Killucan ;
containing 258 inhabitants. The barony of Farbill was
formerly called the manor of Rathwire ; it was granted
by Edward I. to Mortimer, Earl of March, and afterwards
by Edward III., in the ninth year of his reign, to Sir
John D'Arcy, the then chief governor of Ireland. Here
is a spacious Roman Catholic chapel, being one of the
two belonging to the district of Killucan. Some ves-
3 O 2
R A T O
R A UG
tiges of a castle erected by Hugh de Lacy may still be
traced.
RATOATH, a parish (formerly a parliamentary
borough), in the union of Dunshavghlin, barony of
Ratoath, county of Meath, and province of Lein-
STER, 3 miles (X. \V.) from Ashbourne, and 1 li (X. \V.)
from Dublin; containing 1597 inhabitants, of whom
533 are in the village. This place, anciently called
Rathtotoath, is supposed to have derived that name
from a conspicuous mount near the church, on which
Malachy, the first monarch of all Ireland, is said to
have held a convention of the states. In the reign of
Henry VI. it was classed among the borough towns of
Meath, and had attained such importance as to give its
name to the hundred ; it had also an abbey, dedicated
to St. Mary Magdalene, and sent members to the Irish
parliament, which it continued to do till the Union,
when the borough was disfranchised. The village con-
tains 97 houses, but retains nothing of its former im-
portance. The manufacture of sacking and the weaving
of linen are carried on to a small extent ; and fairs,
chiefly for cattle and pigs, are held on April ISth,
June 1st, and Nov. 20th ; for which, though authorised
by patent, no toll has been lately demanded. A con-
stabulary police force is stationed here ; and a manorial
court was formerly held, but within the last few years
has been discontinued.
The parish comprises 9332 statute acres : the land is
generally of good quality, and in a state of profitable
cultivation ; rather more than half is under tillage, pro-
ducing favourable crops ; the remainder, with the ex-
ception of a moderate portion of bog, is in meadow and
pasture. Stone of good quality is quarried for building,
and for repairing the roads. The principal seats are,
the Manor House, pleasantly situated in the town ; and
Lagore, a handsome residence in a demesne abounding
with stately timber. The living is a rectory and vicar-
age, in the diocese of Meath : the rectory is partly im-
propriate in T. L. Norman and J. I. Corballis, Esqrs.,
and the vicar of Athlone ; and partly united to the
vicarage, which by act of council in 1682, was annexed
to the rectories and vicarages of Greeuogue, KiUeglan,
Creekstown, and Donaghmore, and to the chapelry of
Cookstown, together forming the union of Ratoath, in
the alternate patronage of the Crown and the family of
Norman. The tithe rent- charge of the parish is
£386. 5., of which £41. 5. are paid to Mr. Norman,
£46. 17. 6. to Mr. CorbaUis, £46. 17. 6. to the vicar of
Athlone, and the remainder to the vicar of Ratoath.
The glebe-house, situated close to the church, was built
in 1813, at an expense of £2200, of which £100 were a
gift and £900 a loan from the late Board of First
Fruits, and the remainder was defrayed by the then
incumbent ; the glebe comprises 6^ acres, valued at
£19. 10. per annum. The income of the whole benefice
ot the incumbent amounted, before the passing of the
Rent-charge act, to £788. 7- per annum. The church,
towards the erection of which the late Board granted a
loan of £800, in 1817, is a neat edifice in good repair.
In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish is the head
of a union, comprising also the parishes of Cookstown,
KiUeglan, and Rathbeggan ; there are chapels at Rat-
oath and KiUeglan. The rath from which the parish
takes its name has been planted ; several old coins have
been found near it. There are no remains either of the
468
abbey of St. Mary Magdalene, or of a chantry for three
priests, which formerly existed here.
RATTOO, a parish, in the union of Listowel,
partly in the barony of Iraghticonnor, but chiefly in
the barony of Clanmaurice, county of Kerry, and
province of Munster, 7 miles (W. by S.) from Listowel,
and on the road from Tralee to Ballybunnian, by
Cashen ferry ; containing 3860 inhabitants. In ancient
writings this place is called " Rathtoy;" and from the
term " Burgess lands " being apphed to designate some
grounds in the vicinity, it is supposed that Rattoo was
formerly a corporate town : it is also said to have had
seven churches, and to have been once the seat of a
bishopric, — a statement which its ancient round tower
seems to countenance. An abbey of Canons Regular of
St. Augustine (originally a commandery belonging to
the Knights Hospitallers) was founded here by one
Friar William and confirmed by Miler Fitz Miler, in
the reign of King John. It was subsequently occupied
by Aroasian Canons, and dedicated to St. Peter and
St. Paul ; the abbot was a lord of parliament. In 1600
the buildings were fortified by the Irish, but were
burned on the approach of Sir Chas. Wilmot's forces,
by whom the castle of Rattoo was taken and gar-
risoned.
The parish is situated at the confluence of the rivers
Feale and Brick, and comprises 8230 statute acres ;
two-thirds of the land are arable, and the remainder,
with the exception of about 730 acres of bog, consists
of coarse pasture. The surface is in some parts hilly ;
the lower grounds are marshy, being generally inun-
dated in winter, but made available by extensive drain-
age for tillage and pasture. About 100 acres have been
embanked by T. A. Stoughton, Esq., and are now in a
high state of cultivation ; sea-weed is generally used
for manure, and the state of agriculture is progressively
improving. There are quarries of good brown stone,
used for building ; and a flagstone quarry, wtich has
not yet been mucli worked. Several boats and lighters
are employed in fishing, and in the conveyance of sea-
manure. Fairs and petty-sessions are held at Benmare,
irhicli see. The seats are Ballyhorgan, Rattoo Lodge,
Bushmount, Millview, and Dromartin. The living is an
impropriate cure, in the diocese of Ardfert and Agha-
doe ; the rectory is impropriate in Mr. Stoughton, who
is patron of the curacy : the tithe rent-charge is
£213. 15., the whole of which is payable to the impro-
priator, who allows £15 per annum to the incumbent of
Killury for discharging the clerical duties. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Killury or Causeway, and has a chapel at
BallyduflF. There are no remains of the castle ; but
those of the abbey still exist, and, together with the
adjoining lofty round tower, which is still entire and
clothed with ivy, form an interesting and picturesque
group.
RAUGHLEY, a village, in the parish of Drvmcliff,
barony of Carbery, union and county of Sligo, and
province of Co.NNAUGHT, 10 miles (N. \V.) from Sligo;
containing I70 inhabitants. This place, which is situ-
ated on the north side of the bay of Sligo, takes its
name from a small elevated peninsula connected with
the sand-hills on the shore by a long narrow isthmus,
and having on the south-west side the Wheateu
Rock, which extends nearly half a mile to the north-
II A Y M
R EDC
east and south-west, and is partly dry at spring tides ;
and off the south end, the Bird Rocks, about two cables'
length from the shore. A pier has been erected by go-
vernment, which affords great accommodation to vessels
trading with Sligo, and to the boats engaged in the
fisheries off this coast, in which more than '200 persons
are occasionally employed ; large quantities of sea-
manure arc landed at the pier, which is within half a
mile of the nearest public road, and a coast-guard sta-
tion is placed here, forming one of the five that consti-
tute the district of Sligo. The village contains 33
dwellings, most of which are thatched cabins. Near it
is Rockley Lodge. Not far from the western shore is
the romantic hill of Knocklane, under which are some
remains of fortifications ; and on the eastern shore,
about half a mile from the village, are the ruins of the
castle of Artarmon, now deeply buried in the sand, the
ancient residence of the Gore family. The blowing
sands of Knocklane extend northward from the village,
and are about two miles long and two broad ; they have
already covered a great tract of good land and about
150 cabins, and are C(mstantly in motion, giving a
dreary and desolate appearance to the country around.
On the western shore is a remarkable chasm in the
limestone rock, called the Pigeon Holes, and by the
peasantry the Punch Bowls ; into these the sea rushes
with impetuosity, and in rough weather the water is
forced upwards to a considerable height. Close to the
shore is a chalybeate spring of great strength, which is
sometimes covered by the tide.
RAVEN, Wexford. — See St. Margaret.
RAYLESTOWN, or Villaraile, a parish, in the
union of Cashel, barony of Middlethird, county of
TiPPERARY, and province of Munster, 3 miles (S. E.)
from Cashel ; containing '256 inhabitants. This parish
comprises 904 statute acres. It is a rectory, in the
diocese of Cashel, forming part of the union of Fethard :
the tithe rent- charge is £55. S. In the Roman Catholic
divisions also the parish is part of the union or district
of Fethard.
RAYMOCHY, or Ray, a parish, in the union of
Letterkenny, barony of Raphoe, county of Donegal,
and province of Ulster, 4 miles (E.) from Letterkenny;
containing 5*33 inhabitants. This parish, also called
Raghniohie, is situated on Lough Swilly, and comprises
15,'287 statute acres. The land is chiefly arable, and
there is some bog and mountain : agriculture is much
improving. Fairs are held at Manor-Cunningham, on
the 6th of every second month, commencing in January,
principally for cattle. Lough Swilly is navigable to the
sea for vessels of '200 tons' burthen. The living is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe, and in
the patronage of the Provost and Fellows of Trinity
College, Dublin: the tithe rent-charge is £47'2; and
the glebe comprises 505 Cunningham acres, valued at
£^54. 13. per annum. The glebe-house was built in
1775, by the then incumbent ; and offices and many
other improvements were added during subsequent in-
cumbencies, especially during that of the late Archdeacon
Ussher. The church is a plain building, erected in
179'2 at a cost of £646, of which £554 were contributed
by the landed proprietors, and £92 by parochial assess-
ment ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted
£167. 6. for repairs. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Lagan, or All
469
Saints; there is a chapel at Drumoghill. Two Presby-
terian meeting-houses here are in connexion with the
General Assembly. According to Ware, a friary once
existed at Ballcighan ; the ruins are nearly perfect.
RAYMUNTERDONEY, or Raymunterdoyne, a
parish, in the union of Dunfanaghy, barony of Kil-
MACRENAN, County of Donegal, and province of
Ulster, 4 miles (S. W.) from Dunfanaghy, on the road
to Dungloe ; containing '2238 inhabitants. This parish
is situated on the north-western coast, and, according
to the Ordnance survey, comprises 1'2,613^ statute
acres : more than two-thirds are mountainous, the re-
mainder being tolerably good land ; agriculture is in
an improving state. Here is a fine slate-quarry. Fairs
are held on the last Thursday in every month at Falcar-
ragh, or Cross-roads. The chief seats are Ballyconncll
and Carrow-Cannon. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage
of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £76. 19- ; and
the glebe comprises 1804 Cunningham acres, valued at
£'2'27 per annum. The glebe-house was erected in 1815,
at a cost of £10*25, of which £250 were a gift and
£500 a loan from the late Board of First Fruits. The
church is a plain neat building, erected by aid of a gift
of £500 from the same Board, in 1803. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is united to part of the
parish of Tullaghobigley, in which place is the chapel.
At Cross-roads is a dispensary, maintained in the
usual manner. In the old churchyard is a remarkable
cross, measuring 21 feet in length, which lies on the
ground.
REACH, an island, in the parish of Tullynakill,
union of Newtown-Ardes, barony of Castlereagh,
county of Down, and province of Ulster. It lies in
Lough Strangford, and comprises an area of 127| statute
acres.
REDBAY, a hamlet, in the parish of Layde, union
of Ballycastle, barony of Lower Glenarm, county
of Antrim, and province of Ulster, l^ mile (S.) from
Cushendall : the population is returned -with the parish.
This place is situated on the eastern coast, and on the
new coast road from Glenarm to the Giants' Cause-
way : the shore is bold, and above the bay are some
lofty cliffs of romantic appearance, on one of which
are the interesting remains of Redbay Castle, said to
have been erected in the reign of Elizabeth. Under-
neath this castle is a spacious and singular cavern, the
sides and the roof of which are formed on rounded
silicious stones imbedded in a matrix of sandstone,
commonly called pudding-stone, and differing entirely
from those of the rocks in the vicinity ; the opening is
towards the sea, and through the arch which forms the
entrance is a fine view of the sea, especially at high
water. In the vicinity is a small Roman Catholic chapel
belonging to the district of Cushendall.
REDCTTY, or Demelloge (also called Kilmil-
lock), a parish, in the union of Cashel, barony of
Middlethird, county of Tipperary, and province of
Munster, 1^: mile (S. W.) from Fethard ; containing
238 inhabitants, and comprising 719 statute acres. It
is a rectory, in the diocese of Cashel, annexed to the
rectory and vicarage of Tuliamain, and in the patronage
of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£72, and the tithe of both parishes £177- The parish-
ioners attend the adjoining parish church of Fethard.
REI S
REN V
REDCROSS, a parish, in the union of Rathdrum,
barony of Arklow, county of Wicklow, and province
of Leinster, 5 miles (N. E.) from Arklow, and on the
old road to Wicklow ; containing 1 56/ inhabitants, of
whom 310 are in the village. This parish was formed
m 1S29, out of the ecclesiastical unions of Kilbride,
Dunganstown, and Castlemacadam, and constituted a
Ijarish of itself; it comprises 6247f statute acres. The
land is under an improving system of cultivation, and is
chiefly arable and pasture, there being but little bog
or waste mountain. Near Ballykane is a good slate-
quarry, but not at present worked. The village con-
sists of 56 houses : fairs are held for cattle on May 6th,
Aug. 5th, and Nov. 1st ; petty-sessions are held on alter-
nate Tuesdays, and here is a constabulary police station.
The chief seats are, Ballykane, agreeably situated in
a secluded spot ; East Acton ; Kiipatrick ; Ballyrogan ;
Temple-Lyon ; and Revelscourt. The living is a per-
petual curacy, in the diocese of Dublin, endowed with a
stipend of £50, late currency, per annum, payable by
the incumbents of the three before-mentioned unions,
who are also patrons in rotation, and with an augmen-
tation of £30 from Primate Boulter's fund : there is
neither glebe- house nor glebe. The church is a small
neat edifice, without tower or spire, and was erected in
IS'29 by aid of a gift of £6/5 from the late Board of
First Fruits ; it is situated in the village, on a spot
which, with the churchyard, was presented by the Earl
of Wicklow, who also gave £100 towards its erection.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the district of Newbridge and Baranisky. A dispensary
was established in 1834, from which there is a branch
at Dunganstown. In the demesne of Ballykane is an
old rath ; there is another at Ballyrogan called Kil-
pedder. On the townland of Chappie are the remains
of a church, with a burial ground ; adjoining which was
an extensive fortification, nearly levelled in 1834.
REDHILLS, a village, in the parish of Annagh,
barony of Tullaghgarvey, union and county of
Cavan, and province of Ulster, 2 miles (N. E.) from
Belturbet i containing 103 inhabitants. It takes its
name from the peculiarly red colour of the soil, which
is strongly impregnated with iron : the roads near it
are all of a deep red colour. A receiving-house for
letters here is under Cavan ; and there is a Roman
Catholic chapel belonging to the district of Annagh
East, or Killoughter.
REISK, a parish, in the barony of Middlethird,
union and county of Waterford, and province of
MuNSTER, 5^ miles (S. W.)from W'aterford ; contain-
ing 107'2 inhabitants, and comprising 3S27 statute
acres. A considerable range of high land extends into
this parish from that of Donisle, and, here dividing into
two branches, which inclose the low grounds and lake
of Ballyscanlan, stretches onward towards Waterford.
It is chiefly composed of pudding-stone and clay-slate,
with occasional large masses of jasper, and is overspread
with masses varying in size from field-stones to stupend-
ous rocks. In an open space amid the hills is a small
conical hill called Crucich, or " the Heap," in which is a
vein of rich lead-ore containing a considerable propor-
tion of silver : this was formerly w orked to a great extent.
In the neighbourhood are large beds of sand, and ap-
pearances of limestone. The vicinity of Penibrokestown
is marked by a romantic wildness of peculiar character ■
470
the hills, which rise precipitously, are covered with bold
and rugged rocks, and between these irregular elevations
are small patches of the finest land, well watered and
sheltered. The parish is in the diocese of Waterford :
part of the rectory forms one of the denominations con-
stituting the corps of the deanery, and the remainder
one of those constituting the corps of the archdeaconry ;
the vicarage is in the patronage of the Bishop. The
tithe rent-charge is £169. 13. 4., of which £59. 8.4.
are payable to the vicar, and the remainder to the
appropriators ; there is a glebe of 12 acres, of which
8 belong to the rectory, and 4 to the vicarage. On the
abrupt conical eminence called Sugar- Loaf hill, is a
perfect cromlech composed of four oblong masses of
rock placed on end, and supporting a table-stone of
considerable magnitude, at a height of about 20 feet;
underneath, in the centre, is a single stone of inferior
height. Close to this cromlech are the ruins of the
parish church. In the neighbourhood of Pembrokes-
town is a smaller cromlech, also an ancient fort or
rath.
RELICKMURRY, or Religmurry, a parish, in the
union of Tipperary, partly in the barony of Middle-
third, but chiefly in the barony of Clanwilliam,
county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 4
miles (S. W.) from Cashel, near the road to Tipperary ;
containing, with Athassel, 5431 inhabitants. It com-
prises, with Athassel, 12,716 statute acres; is situated
on the river Suir ; and forms part of the tract called
the " Golden Yale," from the superior quality of the
land, a large portion of which is under grass. Within
its limits is the post-town of Golden, which is described
under its own head. At Castle Lake is a distillery,
employing generally from 40 to 50 persons. The seat
of Rockview is surrounded by neatly planted grounds.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cashel, united
from time immemorial to those of Athassel, Bally-
griffin, and Dangandargan, and in the patronage of the
Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge of Relickmurry and
Athassel amounts to £412. 10., and of the entire bene-
fice to £634. 16. 6. The glebe-house was built in 1819,
when the late Board of First Fruits granted £100 as
a gift, and £1500 as a loan, towards its erection, the
remainder of its cost being defrayed by the rector : the
glebe comprises 20 acres. The church is situated in the
town of Golden. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
parishes of Athassel, Kilfeacle, and Dogstown, and con-
taining the chapels of Golden and Kilfeacle.
RENVILLE, a village, in the parish of Oranmore,
barony of Dunkellin, union and county of Galway,
and province of Connaught, 1 mile (W. byS.) from
Oranmore, on the road to Ardfry and the bay of Gal-
way i containing 222 inhabitants. Within Renville
Point is New Harbour (sometimes called Renville),
which is a place of refuge in severe weather for vessels
trading to Galway. In gales of wind, when it is danger-
ous to lie in the Galway roads, many vessels run for
this harbour, where they are sheltered from every wind,
and at low water lie in a bed of soft clayey mud : there
are 19 feet of water at high spring tides. A small pier
has been constructed, which, if extended about 40 yards
further, would be of great utihty. The village is much
frequented in the summer by families from Galway and
other parts of the county for the benefit of sea-bathing,
R E Y N
for which there is every fucihty. The heautiful de-
mesnes of Renville and Ardfry, the latter the seat of
Lord Wallscourt, also afford attractions to visiters.
Some fine specimens of lead-ore, hlack marble, and gyp-
snm, have been found on the estate of Renville; on
which, also, is an old castle, in good preservation.
RERYMORE, or Rkauy, a parish, in the union of
MouNTMELLicK, barony of Tinnehinch, Queen's
county, and province of Leinster, 6 miles (X. W.)
from Mountmellick, on the road to Parsonstown ; con-
taining '2916 inhabitants. This parish comprises 13,943
statute acres, and is situated on the river Barrow, which
is here little more than a mountain stream : the land is
generally of good quality, and in a profitable state of
cultivation ; it is chiefly under tillage, and the system
of agriculture is improved. The principal seats are
Reary Vale and Rerymore, in the grounds of which
latter are the ruins of the church, with an extensive
burial-place still in use. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Kildare, forming part of the union of Oregan,
or Rosenallls ; the rectory is impropriate in General
Dunne, and the tithe rent-charge is £165. "2., two-thirds
payable to the impropriator, and one-third to the vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in
the union of Clonaslee, and partly in that of Rosenallis.
Near the ruins of the church is a well dedicated to St.
Finian, still held in veneration by the peasantry, and
greatly resorted to on the festival of that saint ; it con-
sists of three or four cavities in the solid rock, which
are always full of dear water.
REYNAGH, a parish, in the union of Parsons-
town, barony of Garhycastle, King's county, and
province of Leinster, on the road from Parsonstown
to Banagher-Bridge and Galway ; containing, with the
post-town of Banagher, 5106 inhabitants. This place
takes its name from a monastery founded here by St.
Regnacia, sister to St. Finian, who died in 563. The
establishment, which was called Kill-Rignaighe, was
placed under the superintendence of Talacia, mother of
St. Finian, who was abbess for some time ; but no
further details of its history are recorded. The parish
is situated on the river Shannon, and comprises 88'265
statute acres, of which a large proportion is bog ; part
is waste land, chiefly sand-hills, and the remainder,
which is principally under tillage, of a very indifferent
quality. The system of agriculture is in a backward
state, though, from the abundance of limestone, which
is quarried both for building and agricultural uses, the
lands, under a better system, might be easily improved.
About half a mile from Banagher, on the road to Par-
sonstown, is Garry Castle, the demesne of the Arm-
strong family, with extensive flour-mills, established in
ISIS, and employing 20 persons: in the ruins of an
adjoining castle, coins of Queen Elizabeth and several
skeletons were found. The Shannon affords facility of
conveyance by steam-boats to Limerick ; and the canal,
to Dublin. Fairs are held on May 1st and Sept. 15th,
for horses, cattle, and sheep ; and petty-sessions are held
at Banagher every Monday.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of ileath : one-half of the rectory is impropriate, and
at present the subject of litigation ; the other half is an-
nexed to the vicarage, which till lately was united to the
vicarage of Gallen and is in the patronage of the Bishop.
The tithe rent-charge is £'216. 6., payable in moieties to
471
II I C H
the impropriator and the vicar. The gk-be-house was
rebuilt in ISOO, and has been enlarged by the pre>^ent
incumbent, at an expense of £664. 12. ; the glebe com-
prises 97^ acres, valued at £173. 18. per annum. The
church, a handsome structure in the later English style,
with a tower surmounted by a well-proportioned spire,
and in very good repair, was erected in 1829, at an ex-
pense of £2030 British, advanced on loan by the late
Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions
this parisli is in the diocese of Ardagh, and the head of
a union called Banagher, comprising also the parish ot
Gallen; the chapel at Banagher is a large plain edifice,
and there is also a chapel in Gallen. Within the parish
are, the royal free school at Cuba House, near Bana-
gher, iL-liich see ; and a dispensary. There are some re-
mains of the Danish rath called Garrycastle ; also the
ruins of Streamstown Castle ; and of an ancient church
called All Saints, near which is a holy well.
RHEBAN, Kildare. — See Churchtown.
RHODE, a hamlet, in that part of the parish of
Ballyburley which is within the barony of Lower
Philipstown, union of Edenderry, King's county,
and province of Leinster, 6 miles (W.) from Eden-
derry ; containing about 55 inhabitants. It is situated
in the midst of a rich grazing district, on the estate of
J. Wakely, Esq., whose residence, Ballyburley, adjoins
the hamlet. In the vicinity are also Rathmoyle, Clonin,
Coolville, and Greenhill, mostly environed by planta-
tions. Here is a substantial and spacious Roman
Catholic chapel belonging to the district of Castro-
petre, or Edenderry. According to Archdall, an abbey
was founded at Leithmore, in the vicinity, by St.
Pulcherius (called in Irish St. Mochoemoc), who died
in 655.
RICHARDSTOWN, a parish, in the barony of Ar-
dee, county of Louth, and province of Leinster, 2|
miles (E.) from Ardee, on the road to Annagasson ; con-
taining 542 inhabitants. This parish is bounded on the
north by the river Dee, which separates it from the
parish of Stabannon ; and comprises 10S9f statute
acres, nearly divided in equal portions between pasture
and tillage. The land is generally of good quality, and
the system of agriculture is improving: the principal
manure is lime, brought from Ardee, whence turf also is
procured, there being no bog in the parish. Within
the last two years, the river has been deepened ; and
various impediments, eel-weirs, iic, have been removed.
Richardstown Castle, a structure of great strength and
antiquity, has been partly modernised, embellished with
new turrets, and converted into a handsome residence ;
it is situated in a highly improved demesne of 153 acres.
The spinning and weaving of linen are carried on in
some of the farmhouses. The parish is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Armagh, forming part of the union of
Stabannon ; the rectory is impropriate in Viscount
Ferrard, and the tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£SS. S., the whole payable to the impropriator. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the union
of Dunleer. There are some remains of an old chapel
near the castle, in tolerable preservation, with a bap-
tismal font, and a vase for holy water in the wall near
the door. At Tubberdony is a well, called Sunday well,
formerly held in great veneration.
RICHHILL, a district parish and post-town, in the
barony of Oneilland West, union and county of Ar-
RICH
RING
MAGH, and province of Ulster, 4 miles (E. byN.) from
Armagh, and 64 (N. by W.) from Dublin, on the old road
from Armagh to Belfast : the population of the district
is included with that of the parish of Kilmore ; the town
contains 75^ inhabitants. This place is situated on the
river Tallwater, in the heart of a rich agricultural and
populous manufacturing district, and, from its elevated
situation, has an interesting appearance. It consists of
two principal streets, and contains 15S houses, several
of them handsome and well built. Its chief commercial
importance arose from its extensive linen-market, in
which the average weekly sales amounted to £'2600, and
the supply of which afforded constant employment to
a great number of persons in the neighbourhood. But
since the construction of a new line of road from
Armagh to Belfast, which in shortening the distance
between those places avoids this town, the market has
declined, except for the sale of a little linen-yarn, and
the trade has been greatly diminished. A sub-post
office here is under Armagh. Fairs are held on Shrove-
Tuesday, July '26th, and Oct. loth, principally for cattle;
and a constabulary police force is stationed in the town :
the market-house, a substantial and commodious build-
ing, was erected in 1*53 by W. Richardson, Esq. The
living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Armagh,
and in the gift of the incumbent of Kilmore. Besides
the church, there are places of worship for Presbyterians
in connexion with the General Assembly, for the Society
of Friends, and Wesleyan Methodists ; a school on
Erasmus Smith's foundation, for which a handsome
house was built in 1819, at the expense of the late
Primate and W. Richardson, Esq.; a dispensary; and
a clothing society. The neighbourhood is beautifully
varied, and the scenery pleasingly picturesque. The
ancient mansion of the Misses Richardson, proprietors
of the town, with its castellated turrets, the whole em-
bosomed in a highly cultivated tract of country chiefly
in demesne and richly wooded, forms an interesting
feature ; and within two miles is Castle Dillon, the seat
of Sir Thomas Molyneux, Bart., in a demesne abound-
ing with stately forest-trees and embellished with a fine
sheet of water, and an obelisk 60 feet high. This obe-
lisk was erected by the Right Hon. Sir Capel Molyneux,
in commemoration of Irish legislative independence
being obtained in 17S'2 by the volunteers of Ireland ;
the baronet also erected a column to commemorate the
foundation of the order of the Knights of St. Patrick.
Adjoining Castle Dillon is Hockley Lodge, an elegant
modern residence, containing some stately apartments
and an extensive and valuable library. The poor of the
neighbourhood of Richhill derive great benefit from the
munificence and philanthropy of the Hon. Mrs. Caulfield
and the Misses Richardson.
RICHMOND, a village, in the parish of Clonturk,
poor-law union of North Dublin, barony of Coolock,
county of Dublin, and province of Leinster ; contain-
ing ,T*0 inhabitants.
RICHMOND HARBOUR, also called Clondra, or
Cloondra, a village, in that part of the parish of Kil-
LASHEE which is in the barony of Longford, county of
Longford, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (VV.) from
Longford ; ecmtaining about 40 houses and "214 inhabit-
ants. It is situated on the river Camlin, near its junction
with the Shannon ; the former is here crossed by a
bridge of five arches, and is connected by a lock with
472
the terminus of the Royal Canal from Dublin, thus
affording a great facility of conveyance for agricultural
produce, particularly corn, of which a considerable
quantity is sold daily in the village. Here is a dis-
tillery producing annually more than 70,000 gallons of
whisky, and employing upwards of 70 persons. A con-
stabulary police force is stationed in the village, and
there is a receiving-house for letters under Longford.
A branch of the Shannon from the vicinity of Castle
Forbes falls into the Camlin north of the village, and
forms the isolated tract called the island of Clondra.
RINCURRAN, a parish, partly in the barony of
KiNNALEA, but chiefly in that of Kinsale, union of
KiNSALE, county of Cork, and province of Munster;
containing, with part of the town of Kinsale, 3506 in-
habitants. This place was the scene of some sharp
conflicts while the Spaniards held possession of the
town of Kinsale in 1600 ; the castle of Rincurran was
besieged by Sir George Carew in person, and defended
by a garrison under a Spanish commander, who made
repeated offers to surrender upon terms. Sir George re-
fusing these terms, and insisting on an unconditional
surrender, the commander resolved to blow up the
fortress ; but the garrison compelled him to yield, and
in compliment to his gallantry he was permitted to wear
his sword, and to deliver it into the hands of Sir George
himself. In 1656 the castle was demolished by order
of Cromwell ; and in I67O, another was erected on its
site by the Duke of Ormonde, at an expense of £75,000,
and named Charles Fort in honour of Charles II. It
contains platforms for 75 pieces of cannon, of which
only 35 are now mounted, with accommodations for the
staff, barracks for 400 men, an armoury, and two bomb-
proof magazines ; it completely commands the harbour
of Kinsale, and is strongly garrisoned under the super-
intendence of a governor and fort major.
The parish, which is bounded on the south by the
harbour of Kinsale, and on the east by Oyster haven,
comprises 5417 statute acres. The laud is of medium
quality ; about four-fifths are under tillage ; the system
of agriculture is improved ; 150 acres of marsh have
been recently brought into cultivation, and there is
neither waste land nor bog. Rathmore is a handsome
mansion, embosomed in flourishing plantations, and
finely situated on the peninsula between the harbour of
Kinsale and Oyster haven : Knuckduve is beautifully
situated above Oyster haven, and commands from dif-
ferent parts of the grounds a variety of picturesque and
interesting views. There are also, in the parish. Long
Quays, Cove Cottage, Snugmore, Harbour Hill, Cove
House, and Heathfield. Scilly and Cove, two small
villages, are much frequented during the bathing-season,
and contain some modern villas and handsome lodges,
which are occupied by gentry from various parts of the
country. A regatta is held generally in July or August,
and a race-course has been completed by subscription,
on which races are held after the regatta. An extensive
and lucrative fishery is carried on at both villages,
affording employment to more than 200 men. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cork,
and in the patronage of the Crown : the tithe rent-
charge is £346. 3., and the glebe comprises 3 acres ;
there is no glebe-house. The church is a small neat
edifice with a square tower, and, being situated on an
eminence, serves as a conspicuous landmark for mariners.
KING
III the Roman Catholic divisions, the parish forms part
of the union of Kinsale. There are numerous remains
of forts and entrenchments, but not a vestige of the old
castle : tlie ruins of the former church have disappeared,
though the cemetery is still used. Along the shore near
Cove and Scilly are several chalybeate springs, but not
much used.
RINGAGONAGH, or Ring, a parish, in the union
of DuNGARVAN, partly in the barony of DECiES-within-
Dru.m, but chiefly in that of DECiES-without-DRUM,
county of Wateuford, and province of Munster, .">
miles (S. S. E.) from Dungarvan ; containing '2591 in-
habitants. This parish, which is called also Riueogo-
nagh, is bounded on the north by Dungarvan bay and
harbour, and on the north-west by the Bricky river ;
and comprises 3246 statute acres. It contains a portion
of Slieve-Grine, or the Drum mountain ; and stretching
into Dungarvan bay are the long promontories of Hel-
vick Head and Cunnigar. Part of the land, more
especially that l)ordering on Dungarvan, is of good
quality and in a high state of cultivation ; the system
of agriculture is improved, and, within the last few
years, some of the highest hills have been brought into
cultivation. The principal manure is sand and sea-
weed, which are found in abundance in the bay and on
the coast ; during the greater part of May and June,
from 50 to 100 boats are employed in collecting and
conveying the weed to Dungarvan for sale, and fre-
quently a revenue of £50 a day is thus derived by the
parish. The surrounding scenery is bold, and in many
parts strikingly romantic and picturesque. The herring-
fishery is carried on to a considerable extent : from
40 to 50 boats are engaged in taking the fish, which
are found here in abundance, and cured ; not less
than '200 persons are employed in that trade. Near
Helvick Head about a dozen houses were built, in
lb'2S, for the accommodation of the fishermen; and
a pier was at the same time erected to form a harbour
for their boats, by Lord Stuart de Decies, the principal
landed proprietor of the parish. A coast-guard station
has been established, which is one of the five constitut-
ing the district of Youghal. Between the village of
Ring and the Black Rock, which stands at the mouth
of the harbour of Dungarvan, about midway, lies a
dangerous ledge of rocks on which several vessels have
been lately lost ; the rocks are partially visible at the
lowest spring tides : a lighthouse here is very desirable.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, and
in the patronage of the Duke of Devonshire, in whom
the rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent-charge is
£166. 3., two-thirds payable to the impropriator, and
one-third to the vicar. There is no glebe- house ; the
glebe consists of 1^ acre. The church was rebuilt in
IS'2'2, the late Board of First Fruits contributing £600 ;
it is a plain and neat edifice. The Roman Catholic
parish is much more extensive than that of the Esta-
blished Church, as it includes Ballycurreen and a large
tract of the mountain of Slieve-Griiie ; the chapel is a
modern edifice, situated on an eminence. Near the
church is a well dedicated to St. Nicholas; and on an
eminence in the parish is an artificial cavern.
RINGA-ROGA, or Dunnegal Island, in the pa-
rish of Creagu, union of Skibbereen, Eastern divi-
sion of the barony of West Carbery, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, 3 miles (\V.) from Skib-
VoL. II.— 473
RING
bereen, and on the southern coast ; containing about
786 inhabitants. This island is situated in the harbour
of Baltimore, and is connected with the main land, about
midway between Skibbereen and Baltimore, by an ex-
cellent causeway and bridge constructed across the
channel by the proprietor. Sir W. W. Becher, Bart.
The isle extends, nearly north and south, three miles in
length by about one in breadth, comprising 986 acres
of land, generally rocky, bare, and comparatively un-
productive, particularly on the south side ; the soil
towards the centre is tolerably good, but the arable land
mostly consists of small patches among the rocks, cul-
tivated by spade labour, and manured by sea-weed,
which, as well as the produce of the soil, is always con-
veyed on horseback. The inhabitants are entirely sup-
plied with fuel from the main land, there being none of
any kind on the island.
RIN'GRONE, or Ringoran, a parish, partly in the
barony and liberties of Kinsale, and partly in the
Eastern division of the barony of East Carbery, but
chiefly in the barony of Courcies, union of Kinsale,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 2^ niiles
(S. W.) from Kinsale, from which it is separated by the
river Bandon ; containing 5135 inhabitants. This place,
from the peculiarity of its situation, projecting far into
the sea on the south, and on the east and north com-
pletely commanding the entrance of the celebrated and
ancient harbour of " Cean Sailah," now Kinsale, has
from a very early period been distinguished as a place
of importance. On the conquest of Ireland, the sur-
rounding territory was granted to John de Courcy, after-
wards Earl of Ulster, who erected a strong castle at
Duncearma, near the Old Head of Kinsale, and another
opposite to the town of Kinsale. The former of these
castles was for many generations the baronial residence
of his descendants ; and the latter was occupied by a
formidable garrison, for the protection of the port and
the ferry leading to it. Near the fortress, which, during
the occupation of Kinsale by the Spaniards in 1600,
and also during the war of the Revolution, was an ob-
ject of severe contest, was a royal dock-yard, where the
whole of the king's ships on this station, employed in
the war as convoys, were refitted and repaired.
The PARISH comprises 9'240 statute acres : the north-
ern portion, immediately opposite to the town of Kin-
sale, is bounded by the river Bandon ; the southern
stretches out into the long promontory called the Old
Head of Kinsale, and on the east is a peninsula project-
ing boldly into the entrance of the harbour. The soil
is light but fertile, and, especially in the western part of
the parish, the land is rich and in good cultivation : the
system of agriculture is improved ; in some places
green crops are cultivated with success. The cliffs
around the shore are in many plates strikingly bold
and interesting, and there are numerous pleasing and
picturesque glens ; the schistose formation is generally
prevalent in the hills, changing into all the varieties of
transition rock, with veins of quartz traversing them in
every direction. Near the Old Head is an extensive
tract of land covered with sand blown in from the bay.
and which is every year increasing ; there is no other
waste land, and very little bog ; the want of fuel is con-
sequently much felt. The seats are Coolmain, Gloune-
leraine, Lahorne, Ballinspittle, Fort Arthur, Ardkelly,
Roughwood, Castle Park, and Sea View. There are
3 P
RING
RIVE
also several excellent farmhouses. The inhabitants are
principally employed in agriculture and the fisheries.
Coast-guard stations are fi.xed at Howes Strand, the
Old Head, and Sandy Cove, forming three of the eight
that constitute the district of Kinsale. The Old Head
is situated in lat. 51° 36' 15", and Ion. S° 33' 15" ; it is
a bold and lofty promontory rising abruptly from the
sea ; and on it is a well-built lighthouse, the lantern of
which has an elevation of "294 feet above the level of the
sea, and contains '27 lamps, exhibiting a bright steady
light which in clear weather is visible at a distance of
23 nautical miles.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Cork ; the patronage is at present disputed. The
tithe rent-charge is £562. 10. ; the glebe comprises
only three quarters of an acre, and there is no glebe-
house. The church, a small edifice, is situated at the
head of Sandy Cove, overlooking the Bandon water :
divine service is also performed in a school-house near
the Old Head, for the accommodation of parishioners
in that district. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the union of Courcies ; the chapel
is at Ballinspittle. At the Ferry side, near Kinsale, are
almshouses for four Protestant widows, founded by Dr.
Worth, Bishop of Killaloe, who endowed them with £10
per annum, which sum is now paid by W. H. W. Newen-
ham, Esq., of Coolmore. The castle of Duncearma, the
ancient residence of the De Courcys, is a venerable ruin;
it is situated on the narrower part of the Old Head, on
a rock which at the base has been perforated by the
action of the waves in the form of an irregular pointed
arch. A little to the north of it are the ruins of a more
modern edifice, the residence of the barons of Kinsale ;
near which are the remains of a signal-tower. Opposite
Kinsale are the ruins of Ringrone Castle, and of Old
Fort or Castle-ne-Park, the latter a very strong citadel
with extensive bulwarks, ramparts, and fosses ; in the
inner court are the remains of the two towers of the
gateway entrance and drawbridge. The old castle of
Ringrone gives the title of Baron to the family of
De Courcy.
RINGSEND, a town, in the parish of St. Mary,
DoxNYBRooK, uuion of South Dublin, barony of
Dublin, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster,
I5 mile (E.) from the General Post-office ; containing
1755 inhabitants. This place, according to O'Halloran,
was originally called Rin-Aua, signifying in the Irish
language "the point of the tide," from its situation at
the confluence of the Dodder with the Liffey ; its
modern name is a singular corruption of the former, or
may perhaps have arisen from the large blocks of stone
into which rings of iron were inserted for mooring
vessels, previously to the construction of the present
mole. The town is built upon the eastern bank of the
Dodder, and has for the most part a mean and dilapi-
dated appearance, having fallen into decay since the
discontinuance of its extensive salt-works : its southern
portion, however, a few hundred yards detached, and
called Irishtown, is in a less ruinous condition ; it is
much frequented for sea-bathing, from its proximity to
Dublin. There are hot and cold sea- water baths ; the
Cranfield baths, which are well supported, are said to
have been the first hot sea-water baths erected in Ire-
land. Iron-works were established here by the grand-
father of the late proprietor, Mr. C. K. Clarke, by whom
4-4
they have been recently disposed of; the articles manu-
factured are steam-engines and all kinds of machinery,
iron boats, and utensils of various kinds. Here are also
glass-works, a chymical laboratory, and a distillery.
The Grand Canal Company have docks to the west
of the place, opening a communication between the
canal and the river Liffey. Ship-building is carried
on, and many of the inhabitants are employed in the
fishery.
Along the whole of the shore are strong embankments
to keep out the sea, which at high water is above the
level of the town ; and similar precautions are taken to
prevent inundation from the river Dodder, which fre-
quently overflows its banks. In 1649, Sir William
tfssher, though attended by many of his friends, was
drowned in crossing this dangerous stream : a bridge of
stone was afterwards erected ; but the river suddenly
changed its course, and rendered it useless, till the
stream was again forced into its former channel. In
1796, the Corporation for improving the Port of Dublin
diverted the stream into a new channel, through the
low grounds between Irishtown and Dublin ; and in
1802 the bridge was destroyed by a flood, and a hand-
some bridge of granite, of one arch, was erected, over
which the road by the docks to Dublin is carried. A
church for the use of the revenue officers, and of the
garrison of the Pigeon-House fort, was built in Irish-
town, in 1703, under an act of the 2nd of Queen Anne,
on account of the distance of the parish church and the
difliculty of access from the frequent inundation of the
roads. It is a donative, in the diocese of Dublin, and
in the patronage of the Crown, and is designated, by the
10th of George I., the " Royal chapel of St. Matthew,
Ringsend." This church is kept in repair by the Board
of Works : the income of the chaplain is £IS4. 12. 3.,
payable by warrant on the treasury. There is a Roman
Catholic chapel in Irishtown, in connexion with which
is a boys' school ; and in the village of Ringsend is a
place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. A day
school for boys, a Sunday school, an infants' school, a
dispensary, and a shop for supplying the poor with
necessaries at reduced prices, are all kept in one large
and neat building, erected in Irishtown in 1S32, at an
expense of £800, defrayed by subscription.
RINRAINEY, an island, in the parish of Temple-
crone, union of Glenties, barony of Boylagh, county
of D0NEG.A.L, and province of Ulster. It lies on the
northern coast, and comprises 19^ statute acres.
RIVERCHAPEL, a village, in the parish of Arda-
MiNE, barony of Ballaghkeen, union of Gorey,
county of Wexford, and province of Leinster ; con-
taining 248 inhabitants.
RIVERSTOWN, a village, partly in the parish of
Templeusque, and partly in that of Cahirlag, barony
of Barrymore, union and county of Cork, and pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 5| miles (N. E. by E.) from Cork,
on the road to Dublin ; containing about 240 inhabit-
ants. This small but beautiful village, which stands in
a fertile and richly planted valley, about a mile from
Glanmire, and close to the confluence of two rivers, was
formerly called Sadlierstown, but is now generally known
by its more modern appellation, which it probably de-
rived from its position. Riverstown Lodge, the seat of
the Lane family, is pleasantly situated in the village ;
closely adjoining is another handsome mansion, in an
ROBE
li O B E
ample and well-planted demesne ; and in the immediate
neighbourhood are numerous large houses principally
occupied by gentlemen ct)nnected with the various
manufactories of Riverstown and Glanmire. The Rivers-
town distillery affords employment to about 60 persons,
and on an average produces annually I'iO.OOO gallons
of whisky ; there are also two extensive mills for spin-
ning cotton-yarn, in which a great number of men,
women, and children are employed. A constabulary
police force is stationed in the village. The whole of
the neighbourhood is embellished with thriving woods
of oak, of more than forty years' growth ; and the
scenery of the valley in which the village is situated is
beautifully picturesque. About half a mile to the
north-east is the parish church of Kilcoane, a small
edifice in the early English style, with a low square
tower, over the roof of which iS a bell without any
covering.
RIVERSTOWN, a tillage, partly in the parish of
Dru.mcollum, but chiefly in that of Kilmacallane,
barony of TiRAGHRiLL, union and county of Sligo, and
province of Connaught, on the road from Collooney
to Ballyfarnon ; containing 66 houses, and 369 inha-
bitants. It is a constabulary police station, and con-
tains the parish church (a plain building), a meeting-
house for Methodists, and a dispensarj'. It is the head
of a Roman Catholic union or district, comprising this
parish and those of Taunagh and Drumcollum, in which
union are two chapels ; that in Riverstown is a plain
building.
ROACH, or Roche, a parish, in the union of Dun-
DALK, barony of Upper Dundalk, county of Louth,
and province of Leinster, 4 miles (W.) from Dundalk,
near the road to Crossmaglen ; containing 13"3 inha-
bitants. Roche Castle is supposed to have been ori-
ginally erected in the reign of Henry II. by the family
of De Verdun, who were among the earliest of the Eng-
lish settlers in this part of Ireland. In the parliamentary
war it was held for the king, but in 1649 was taken and
partly demolished by the forces of Cromwell. The
castle is situated on a rock, to the shape of which the
buildings were conformed so as to include its entire
summit : the area inclosed by the ramparts is of an
irregular semicircular form, and the front, which forms
the chord of the segment, is S5 feet in length ; at the
opposite extremity are the ruins of a keep, with a sally-
port and circular towers, apparently the oldest portion
of the buildings. An extensive view of the surrounding
country is obtained from the castle, which in itself forms
one of the most striking features in the neighbourhood.
The parish comprises 3305^ statute acres of tolerably
good land, mostly in tillage ; it is bounded on the south
by the river Creggan, or Castletown, and contains the
residences of Roach and Shortstones. It is a curacy,
in the diocese of Armagh, forming part of the union
of Baronstown : the rectory is impropriate in John
Pratt, Esq., to whom the tithe rent-charge, £1S6. 8. 11.,
is entirely payable. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Dundalk.
ROADFORD, a village, in the parish of Killilagh,
union of ExNisTYMON, barony of Corcomroe, county
of Clare, and province of Munster; containing 1'26
inhabitants.
ROBEEN, a parish, in the union of Ballinrobe,
barony of Kilmaine, county of Mayo, and province of
475
Connaught, 1 miles (W.) from HoUymount, on the road
to Castlebar ; containing 3.t44 inhabitants. The parish
is situated on the river Robe, from which it takes its
name, and comprises 10,097 statute acres, of which 749
are covered by water : the land is of medium quality,
and is chiefly under tillage, with some exten.sive tracts
of pasture ; the system of agriculture is improved, and
there is little or no waste land. The principal seats are,
Newbrook, the property of Lord Clanmorris, a hand-
some mansion, situated in an extensive and well-wooded
demesne, Bloomfield, Beechgrove, Brownestown, and
Togher. The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Tuam, forming part of the union of Holly-
mount or Kilcommon : the tithe rent-charge is
£110.15.6. The church, which is that of the union,
was enlarged in 1818 at an expense of £9'23, a gift from
the late Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is part of the union of Kilcommon
and Robcen ; the chapel, situated in this parish, is a
large slated edifice. There are some remains of ancient
castles in the village of Robcen and at Togher.
ROBERTSTOWN, a market and post town, in the
parish of KiLMAOGUE, union of Naas, barony of CoN-
NELL, county of Kildare, and province of Leinstkr, 7
miles (N.) from Kildare; containing .53 houses, and 3 14
inhabitants. It is situated on the Grand Canal and is
one of the packet-boat stages from the metropolis, from
which, by this conveyance, it is about 20 miles distant :
there is a branch canal hence to Athy. A sub-post
office is in connexion with Naas. The market is on
Wednesday, and several fairs are held in the course of
the year ; a constabulary police force is stationed in the
town ; and there is a dispensary for the poor.
ROBERTSTOWN, or Castle-Robert, a parish, in
the union of Rathkeale, barony of Shanid, county of
Limerick, and province of Munster, 4 miles (\V.)
from Askeaton, and on the road from Limerick to Tar-
bert ; containing, with Foyn's Island, 2314 inhabitants.
This parish, which comprises ,5906 statute acres, is situ-
ated on the river Shannon, in a level and fertile district,
and is nearly equidistant from the towns of Askeaton,
Rathkeale, and Glin. The land is in general good,
though in some places interspersed with detached masses
of stone ; the greater portion is under tillage, producing
favourable crops, and there are valuable tracts of
pasture. The system of agriculture, however, is in a
backward state ; large portions of land are cultivated
with the spade, and manure is carried to the fields on
the shoulders of women. That portion of the parish
called Ahenish, which is improperly considered as an
island, is flat, and frequently inundated by the river Shan-
non. The principal seats are Old Abbey, Fort Anne,
and Congreiff ; and at no great distance is Mount
Trenchard, the seat of Lord Monteagle. Foyn's Island
lies immediately off Lehys Point, where the rock has
been deeply excavated in forming a new line of road.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Limerick,
united to the vicarage of Dunmoylan, together forming
the union of Robertstown, or Dunmoylan, in the patron-
age of the Earl of Cork, in whom the rectory is impro-
priate : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £27-5. 14.8.,
of which two-thirds are payable to the impropriator and
one-third to the vicar ; the gross tithe of the benefice of
the vicar is £150. 13. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the union of Shanagolden :
3 P2
ROCH
ROCK
the chapel is a large and neat modern edifice. The
ruins of the church are near the village ; about one
mile distant are the interesting remains of the abbey of
Manister-na-Gillagh-Dubh, here called the "Old abbey,"
near which are some ancient fortifications ; and on the
lands of Ahenish are the ruins of Dysart Castle.
ROBERTSTOWN, a parish, in'the union of Kells,
barony of Lower Kells, county of Me.\th, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 1^ miles (S. W.) from Nobber, on
the road to Kells ; containing about 335 inhabitants.
This parish comprises about 1640 statute acres; the
land is of good quahty and chiefly in pasture. It is a
rectory, in the diocese of Meath, forming part of the
union of Newtown : the tithe rent-charge is £57. 7. 6.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the pari.sh is part of
the district of Stahalmock.
ROBINSTOWN, a village, in the parish of Kill-
SKYRE, barony of Upper Kells, county of Meath, and
province of Leinster ; containing about 29 houses and
146 inhabitants. Here is a station of the constabulary
police.
ROCHESTOWN, or Ballywilliam, a parish, in
the barony of Clanwilliam, union and county of
Limerick, and province of Munster, 6 miles (S.) from
Limerick, on the road to Bruff; containing '273 inhabit-
ants. This place takes its name from the Roches, its
proprietors, who, in the reign of Henry VII., erected a
strong castle here on a bold rock, the remains of which
still form a conspicuous and interesting feature in the
landscape. A monastery for Franciscan friars was
founded in the 13th century by the Clangibbon family,
and called Bailenambratharbeg, or " Little Friars'-
town," to distinguish it from Friars'-town in the parish
of Cahirvalla ; at the Dissolution it was granted to Sir
Thomas Baird. The parish is situated on the river
Commogue, and comprises 1165 statute acres. The land
is of good quality : about one-fourth part is under
tillage, and the remainder rich meadow and pasture ; on
the banks of the river are some corcass lands, some-
times overflowed, but which might be embanked at a
very trifling expense. The substratum is limestone, and
the western termination of the basaltic formation appears
in one or two places much decomposed and assuming
a columnar tendency. The principal seat is Ballyna-
guard, the handsome residence of the Croker family,
pleasantly situated in an extensive and well-wooded de-
mesne ; there are several excellent farmhouses. The
living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, and in the
patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is partly impro-
priate in E. D. Freeman, Esq., and partly in J. Croker,
Esq. The tithe rent-charge is £45, one-third of which
is payable to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the union of Baliybricken.
On the banks of the Commogue, near Six-niile-Bridge,
are the remains of the ancient monastery.
ROCHESTOWN, a parish, in the union of Clo-
GHEEN, barony of Iffa and Offa West, county of
Tipperary, and province of Munster, "2^ miles (S. by
E.) from Cahir, and on the river Suir ; containing 488
inhabitants. It comprises 1063 statute acres. Roches-
town, a seat, is beautifully situated near the banks of
the river, commanding a fine view of the Clogheen
mountains. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese nf
Lismore, forming part of the union of Ardfinnan : the
tithe rent-charge is £71. 5. In the Roman Catholic
476
divisions, also, the parish is part of the union or district
of Ardfinnan. There are some remains of an ancient
church and castle, with several forts or raths usually
attributed to the Danes.
ROCHFORT-BRIDGE, formerly called Beggar's-
BRiDGE, a post-town, or village, in the parish of
Castlelost, union of Mullingar, barony of Far-
tullagh, county of W^estmeath, and province of
Leinster, 7^ miles (S. W.) from Kinnegad, and on the
road from Dublin to Athlone ; containing 74 houses,
and 417 inhabitants. It is traditionally stated that this
place derived its former name from the circumstance of
a beggar having died here, in whose pockets was found
money sufficient to build the bridge, which crosses a
small stream at the eastern extremity of the village. It
is a station of the constabulary police, and contains the
parochial church and ^ national school.
ROCK-CORRY, a village, or market-town, in the
parish of Ematris, union of Cootehill, barony of
Dartry, county of Monaghan, and province of Ul-
ster, 4 miles (N. E.) from Cootehill, on the old road to
Monaghan ; containing 365 inhabitants. This place
derives its name from the family of Corry, on whose
estate (since purchased by Lord Cremorne) it is situ-
ated. It consists of one wide street, lately flagged ;
having 78 houses, many of which are of respectable
appearance ; and a neat market-house. A large flour-
mill has been built by Lady Cremorne for the benefit of
the neighbourhood. A knitting institution was esta-
blished in 1840 by Mrs. Devereux, which now gives
employment to more than 100 poor women and child-
ren ; it is under the patronage of Lady Cremorne, and
superintendence of Mrs. Mitchell, of Tanagh, and is
supported by subscription. In the village are a re-
ceiving-house for letters in connexion with Clones, and
a constabulary police station ; and petty-sessions are
held on alternate Wednesdays. The market is ou
Wednesday, and a fair is held on the last Wednesday in
each month. A house for a lecture in connexion with
the Established Church, given by Lord Cremorne, was
neatly finished in 1845 ; and there are places of wor-
ship for Presbyterians and Wesleyan Methodists, the
former of late erection, and both neat buildings. The
Roman Catholic clergyman has a neat cottage at the
entrance to the village. A very handsome school-house,
in which the parochial school is held, has been built by
Lord Cremorne ; and an infants' school, chiefly sup-
ported by Mrs. Devereux, is held in the market-house :
there are also a fever hospital, and a dispensary.
ROCK ISLAND, a village, in the parish of Kil-
MOE, union of Skibbereen, Western division of the
barony of West Carbery, county of Cork, and pro-
vince of Munster, 19 miles (S. W.) from Skibbereen ;
the population is returned with the parish. It is advan-
tageously situated on a peninsulated rock opposite
Crookhaven, on the south-western coast, and has risen
into a flourishing state through the spirited exertions of
its proprietor, R. Notter, Esq. A new line of road has
been opened between this place and Skibbereen, and the
post-oftice has been removed hither from Crookhaven :
there is a mail to Skibbereen every second day. Im-
mediately off the village, which contains some well-built
houses, is the entrance to the spacious and well-sheltered
harbour of Crookhaven, noticed in the article on that
place. Here is a coast-guard station (usually called the
ROE B
Rose
Crookhaven station), being one of the nine included in
the Skibbercen district. A dispensary has also been
established in the village.
ROCKMILLS, a village, in the parish of Nathlash,
or St. Nicholas, union and barony of Fermoy, county
of Cork, and province of Munster, 2 miles (N. N. \V.)
from Glauworth, on the road to Kildorrery ; containing
461 inhabitants. It derives its name from the large
flour-mills in the immediate vicinity, romantically situ-
ated in the rocky vale of the river Puncheon ; adjoining
the mills is Rockmill Lodge, and in the village is the
parochial church, a small neat building with a tower and
spire. Tlie surrounding scenery is varied and highly
picturesque.
ROCKSBOROUGH.— See Inchinabacky.
ROCKY ISLAND, in the parish of TEMPLERoniN,
barony of Barrvmore, union and county of Cork, and
province of Munster, 1 mile (S.) from Cove, and in the
harbour of Cork ; the population is returned with
Hawlbowline. This island, an immense mass of lime-
stone rising abruptly from the bay to the height of 42
feet above high-water mark, and terminating in a conical
point, was selected by the Board of Ordnance as a
magazine for the military depict of the south of Ireland.
In IS1.5, the surface of the rock, with the exception of
its summit, on which a watch-tower has been formed,
approached by a winding stair-case cut in the solid
rock, was levelled ; and beneath it large vaults have
been excavated, to each of which is a separate entrance
from a deep road-way sunk in the rock, and continued
round its entire circumference. The magazine contains
'25,000 barrels of gunpowder, and is under the care of
a detachment of the artillery from the establishment at
Spike Island, who are the only inhabitants of the place.
A barrack for au increased force has just been com-
pleted, and the rock has been considerably improved.
The approach from the bay, to the road surrounding the
magazine, is through a lofty archway hewn out of the
rock. In the Roman Catholic divisions the island
forms part of the union or district of Passage. The
marble of the rock is of a beautiful red and white
colour.
ROEBUCK, a district, in the parish of Taney,
union and barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin,
and province of Leinster, 3 miles (S.) from the General
Post-office, Dublin, on the road to Enniskerry, by way
of Clonskea : the population is returned with the parish.
Roebuck Castle, a handsome seat, was originally erected
at a remote period, and strongly fortified. About
the year 1534 it was the residence of Lord Trimleston,
then lord chancellor of Ireland ; and it was occupied
by James II. and the Duke of Berwick, when they en-
camped in this neighbourhood. It was subsequently
suffered to fall into decay until about the year 1790,
when it was repaired by the then Lord Trimleston, who
fitted up one of the apartments, a noble room 50 feet
in length, as a theatre. About 10 years after, it was
purchased by James Crofton, Esq., the father of the
present proprietor, who pulled down a portion of the
building.*, and restored or modernised the remainder ;
the room before mentioned is now used as a drawing-
room. The greater part of the front is ancient, but in
perfect repair; the modern portion of the building is
chiefly at the rear. The district is chiefly occupied by
handsome villas, situated in tastefiilly disposed grounds,
and many of which command magnificent views of the
477
bay and city of Dublin, the Dublin and Wicklow moun-
tains, and the beautiful adjacent country. Among these
are Roebuck Lodge, Roebuck House, Springfield, Mount-
Dillon, Roebuck Hall, Roebuck Park, Moorefield, Castle
View, Rosemount, and Bloom Villa. Adjoining Roe-
buck Castle is a remarkable walnut-tree, which grew
out of an old wall, carrying in its trunk a large stone
that is now upwards of four feet from the ground.
Coins of Elizabeth and James I. have been dug up.
ROE ILLAUN, or Roe Island, in the parish and
barony of Burrishoole, union of Westport, county
of Mayo, and province of Connaught, * miles (\V.)
from Newport. It is situated in Clew bay, on the
western coast ; on the south side is a steep clay cliff,
107 feet above the sea, by which it is distinguished from
the other isles. The island comprises 16 statute acres ;
it affords fine pasture for cattle, and has a .small deep
harbour with good ground, but there are several rocks
and shoals in the vicinity.
ROGERICALVI, supposed to have been formerly
a parish, and to be now merged into that of Temple
mologga, in the union of Fermoy, barony of Condons
and Clongibbons, county of Cork, and province of
Munster. It is still retained in the incumbent's title
as a vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, forming part of
the union of Clenore, and corps of the chancellorship of
the cathedral of Cloyne.
ROMAN ISLAND, in the parish of Kilgavower,
union 6( Westport, barony of Murrisk, county of
Mayo, and province of Connaught. It is situated in
Westport channel, and comprises 85 statute acres.
RONANISH, or RoANisH.an island, in the parish of
Inniskeel, union of Glenties, barony of Boylagh,
county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (N.
VT.) from Narin, on the north-west coast ; comprising 21
statute acres of land forming excellent sheep pasture.
ROSBARNAGH, an island, in the parish and barony
of Burrishoole, union of Westport, county of Mayo,
and province of Connaught ; comprising 52|- statute
acres. It lies in Newport bay.
ROSBERCON.— See Rossbercon.
ROSCOMMON (County of), an inland county of
the province of Connaught, bounded on the north by
the county of Leitrim, on the north-west by those of
Mayo and Sligo, on the south-west and south by that
of Galway, and on the east by the counties of Leitrim,
Longford, Westnicath, and King's. It extends from
53° 16' to 54° 7' (N. Lat.), and from 7° 50' to 8° 46'
(W. Lon.) ; comprising an area of 607,691 statute
acres, whereof 440,522 acres are arable land, 130,299
uncultivated, 6732 in plantations, 768 under towns and
villages, and 29,370 under water. The population, in
1821, was 208,729; ia 1831, 249,613; and in 1841,
253,591.
According to Ptolemy, this region was inhabited by
the Auteri, who occupied also the present county of
Galway. Among the native septs by whom it was
afterwards held, the O'Conors enjoyed the supreme au-
thority in the central districts, the Mac Dermots in the
northern, and the O'Ceilys or O'Kellys in the southern.
After the arrival of the English in the country, Mur-
rough, son of Roderic O'Conor, King of Ireland, during
his father's absence, persuaded Milo de Cogan to under-
take an expedition into Connaught ; Milo, having come
to Roscommon, was joined by Murrough, and their
united forces commenced a marauding campaign through
Rose
R OSC
the neighbouring districts. In V104, this part of the
island was ravaged by Wm. Bourke Fitz-AIdelm : in
1216, Athlone Castle was erected by King John; and
in l^es, Robert de Ufford, lord justice, commenced
that of Roscommon, which shortly afterwards fell into
the hands of the natives. The erection of the county
into shire ground must have taken place at a very early
period, as notices of sheriffs of Roscommon and Con-
naught are found among the records of the reign of
Edward I. : into these counties the portions of the pro-
vince that acknowledged the English supremacy were
divided.
Roscommon was included in the grant of Connaught
made by Henry III. to Richard de Burgo or Bourke,
with the e.xception of five cantreds reserved to the crown
adjacent to the castle of Athlone ; Edward I., in the
13th year of his reign, granted to Thomas de Clare and
Geoffry de Conobyll " the king's waste lands in Con-
naught, in the region of Roscoman. " That the de Bur-
gos held possessions here, also appears from Richard de
Burgo assembling his forces at Roscommon, to oppose
Edward Bruce; he was joined by Felim O'Conor, and
the united forces took their route by Athlone. The
latter chieftain, however, subsequently taking part with
Bruce, encountered the Anglo-Normans at Athenry, on
which occasion the power of the O'Conor sept received
an irrecoverable shock. The possessions of the de Bur-
gos became vested in the English crown, through the
marriage of the daughter and heir of William, the last
earl of Ulster of this name, with the Duke of Clarence ;
but the native septs appear to have resumed almost
entire possession of Roscommon until the reign of Eliza-
beth. The O'Conors of Roscommon were divided into
the families of O Conor Ruadh or Roe, "the Red," and
O'Conor Dhunne or Don, "the dark or brown," from
two rival chieftains thus distinguished by the colour of
their hair, who were generally at war with one another ;
the chief seat of one was Ballynafad Castle, and of the
other that of Ballintobber. In 156.5, Connaught was
subdivided according to its present arrangement by Sir
Henry Sidney, lord-deputy, when the country acquired
its existing limits. The country of the Mac Dermots
was named the barony of Boyle : that of O'Conor Don
formed the barony of Ballintobber ; that of O'Conor
Roe, the barony of Roscommon ; and that of the
O'Kellys, the barony of Athlone and the half barony
of Moycarnon. The principal castles were, those of
Athlone, Roscommon, and St. John (the last in ruins),
all belonging to the Queen ; and that of Ballintobber,
belonging to O'Conor Don.
Sir John Perrot, lord-deputy, compelled the native
chiefs, in 1.584, to resign their territories into the hands
of the crown, to execute indentures of submission, and
to receive re-grants, whereby their estates were to de-
scend in future according to the rules of the common
law of England. Both the septs of O'Conor firmly
maintained their allegiance to Elizabeth ; and O'Conor
Don, who had been knighted by her, represented the
new county in parliament in 1 585. When the Earl of
Strafford, in the reign of Charles I., adopted the project
of subverting the titles of all the proprietors of Con-
naught, he adduced legal objections against their inden-
tures with Sir John Perrot, and against every grant and
other document produced ; and attending the Commis-
sioners of Plantation in person, he began with Roscom-
mon in the execution of his plans. The commission
478
was opened for this county ; the king's title to the lands
was produced, examined, and submitted to a jury com-
posed of the principal inhabitants, who were told by the
earl that His Majesty's intention in establishing his title
was to make them a rich and civil people, and partici-
fiators in the glorious and excellent work of reforma-
tion which he had now undertaken : to these persuasive
arguments he joined threats, and thus he induced the
jury unhesitatingly to give a verdict in favour of the
crown. The deputy then published a proclamation,
whereby all proprietors throughout the province were
assured of easy composition, and of new and indefeasible
grants. In the war of 1641, Roscommon for some time
took no part : but in the succeeding disturbances its
ancient families joined with the confederate Catholics,
and obtained entire possession of the country, although
they were twice defeated by Lord Ranelagh, president
of Connaught. Accordingly, on the termination of the
war, they were stripped of their possessions, which were
divided among English and Scotch adventurers. At the
Restoration, however, the family of O'Conor Don re-
gained part of its property on the western side of the
county, and it has ever since kept possession of the
estates : it is, therefore, the only family in this county
which now enjoys the possessions held by it previously
to the arrival of the English.
Roscommon is partly in the diocese of Clonfert, partly
in that of Tuam, but chiefly in that of Elphin. For
purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided into the
baronies of Athlone, Ballintobber North, Ballintobber
South, Ballymoe, Boyle, Castlerea, Frenchpark, Moy-
carnon, and Roscommon. It contains the market and
assize town of Roscommon ; the market-towns of Boyle,
Tulsk, Castlerea, Elphin, Frenchpark, and Strokestown ;
the post-towns of Athleague and Mount-Talbot ; part of
the important and flourishing market and post town
of Ballinasloe ; and parts of the towns of Athlone,
Jamestown, Lanesborough, and Carrick-on- Shannon :
the largest villages are Lough Glyn, Ruskey (each of
which has a sub-post), Knockcroghery, Tarmonbarry,
and Castle-Plunket. It sent eight members to the Irish
parliament ; two for the county at large, and two for
each of the boroughs of Roscommon, Boyle, and Tulsk ;
but since the Union the two returned for the county
have been its only representatives. The elections take
place at Roscommon : the constituency, as registered in
1841, was 1059, of whom 211 were £50, 60 £20, and
690 £10, freeholders; 14 £20 rent-chargers ; and 84
£10 leaseholders. The county is included in the Con-
naught circuit ; the assizes are held at Roscommon,
where the court-house and county gaol are situated.
There are also court-houses and bridewells at Athlone,
Boyle, Castlerea, and Strokestown. For the conveni-
ence of holding the general sessions of the peace, the
county is divided into the districts of Athlone and Boyle,
the former of which comprises the baronies of Athlone,
Ballymoe, and Moycarnon, and the parishes of Kilbride,
Roscommon, Kilteevan, Kilgeflin, and Clontuskert ; the
latter comprises the remainder of the county. The
sessions for the former are held at Athlone and Ros-
common ; and for the latter at Boyle, Castlerea, and
Strokestown. For the purpose of holding petty-sessions
it is divided into the eighteen districts of Clogher, Be-
lanagare, Croghan, Frenchpark, Boyle, Roscommon,
Athlone, Ballydangan, Tobberpatrick, Four-Mile-house,
Rahara, Ruskey, Keadue, Ballintobber, Kilmore, Lanes-
ROSC
11 o s c
borough, Elphin, and Mount-Talbot, with a small exempt
district in the vicinity of Tuisk. The local government
is vested in the lieutenant, 14 deputy lieutenants, and
90 other magistrates, together with the usual county
officers, including three coroners. There arc 54 con-
stabulary stations, having in the whole a force of a
county inspector, 6 sub-inspectors, 7 head-constables,
41 constables, and 197 sub-constables, with 8 horses;
the expense of whose maintenance in 184'2, was £12,856.
The total amount of grand jury presentments for the year
1S44 was £'29,'2'25. The district lunatic asylum for the
whole of the province of Coniiaught is at Ballinasloe.
The county infirmary is at Roscommon ; and there are
dispensaries at Athlone, Athleague, Boyle, Brideswell,
Castlerea, Clogher, Cootehall, Croghan, Elphin, French-
park, Keadue, Lecarrow, Loughlin, Roscommon, Ruskey,
and Strokestown, supported by grand jury presentments
and private subscriptions in equal portions. In military
arrangements the county is included in the Athlone
district, that part of Athlone within it being the head-
quarters of the district, which, besides Roscommon,
extends over the counties of Leitrim, Mayo, Sligo, Gal-
way (except the town of Mount-Shannon), Longford,
Westmeath, and King's county, with the barony of
Lower Ormond in the county of Tipperary, not including
the town of Ncnagh. The county contains three bar-
rack stations ; two at Athlone for artillery and infantry,
and one at Roscommon for infantry ; affording, in the
whole, accommodation for 30 officers and 521 men.
The county is of very irregular form, its length being
nearly 60 English miles, whilst its greatest breadth
does not exceed 32 ; southward it quickly contracts
to ten, and northward gradually declines to three. It
is an important frontier to the whole of Connaught.
Its general surface forms part of the vast limestone
plain of the central parts of the island, with only four
very striking elevations. These are, the mountains on
the borders of Lough Allen, in its northern extremity ;
the Curlew mountains, on its north-western confines,
near Boyle ; the great ridge of Slievebawn, extending
through the baronies of Ballintobber and Roscommon ;
and Slieveaeluyn, near Ballinlough, in the west. In
the plain districts are considerable tracts of very flat
ground, through which the rivers wind with a sluggish
course, frequently overflowing their banks, and inun-
dating the adjoining country. Some of the larger bogs
also present level surfaces of considerable extent, while
others are diversified with all the inequalities of the
hills upon which they are situated. Remarkably ex-
tensive tracts of flat alluvial land, and of bog, occur
along the courses of the Shannon and Suck, forming
detached portions of the Bog of Allen ; the most worthy
of notice being those situated near Athlone and Lanes-
borough, both of which are crossed by ridges of lime-
stone gravel. Along the Suck, and along the Shannon
south of Carrick, the shores in several parts are bold,
and the cliffs occasionally overhang the water ; these in
general are formed of compact masses of limestone
gravel and indurated clay. The highest mountains are
Bracklieve and Slieve Curkagh, in the northern ex-
tremity of the county, between which the river Arigna
flows in a deep valley, over which the mountains rise
upwards of 1000 feet with steep and rugged acclivities,
and broad perpendicular faces of rock. Next to these
in height is the ridge of Slievebawn, which, from the
^479
shores of Lough Bodarrig on the Shannon, extends
nearly southward from two to four miles distant from
that river, to the parallel of Lanesborough. On the
east side, towards the Shannon, a gradual slope extends
nearly from the crest of the ridge down to the edge of
the flat bogs which stretch along the base ; and up the
sides of these acclivities cultivation is annually extend-
ing. The western side of the range is more broken ;
the pastures there are naturally richer, and groves are
scattered along the base. Amid the mountains forming
the northern boundary of the county are numerous
scenes of a very picturesque character. Some parts of the
banks of the Suck are also beautiful, and the shores of
some of the lakes are delightful ; yet there is a great
deficiency of wood throughout the county, although
near some of the principal residences are groves and
plantations, shewing by their luxuriant growth the capa-
bilities of the soil for such productions.
The largest and most beautiful of the lakes wholly
belonging to the county is Lough Kea, close to the
town of Boyle, now more generally known by the name
of Rockingham Lake, from the seat of Lord Lorton on
its southern shore. Several rivers from the south and
west are tributary to it, but its principal supply pro-
ceeds from Lough Gara, on the borders of Sligo, whence
a rapid stream called the Boyle water enters the west-
ern extremity of the lake ; it discharges itself by a nar-
row outlet, which soon expands into a series of lakes
that take their common name from the town of Oak-
ford in their neighbourhood, and empty themselves into
the Shannon. The scenery throughout the whole of
this chain of lakes is highly picturesque. To the north
of Lough Kea are the smaller lakes of Lough Skean
and Lough Meelagh, the latter very beautiful, and both
communicating with the Shannon by a common outlet.
In the west of the county is Lough Aeluyn, and in its
neighbourhood are Loughs Erritt and Glynn. In the
central part, to the east of Elphin and Strokestown, are
numerous small lakes, the waters of most of which find
a passage to the Shannon; Lough Funcheon, in the
barony of Athlone, is the only lake of any extent in the
south. The eastern boundary of the county is bordered
by several of the lakes formed by the Shannon ; Lough
Gara, already noticed, is on its western side between it
and Sligo. In winter, the extent of water in the county
is considerably increased by turloughs or temporary
lakes, which usually disappear in summer, though they
sometimes remain through the whole of that season,
and occasionally even a second year. These turloughs,
which vary considerably in extent during different
years, occupy shallow basins in the limestone districts,
where fissures in the rocks, and swallow-holes, occur ;
and are apparently formed by these vents being stopped
by the back-water from the subterraneous reservoirs
with which they are connected. Such as have a grassy
bottom, when the waters retire in time, produce most
luxuriant crops. Some are of considerable size ; that
of Mantua contains about 600 English acres, and one
near Lough Glynn is upwards of half a mile in length :
they are most numerous in the western and central
parts of the county. The extent of surface occupied by
water, in the baronies of Boyle and Roscommon, is
much greater than in all the other divisions.
The SOIL, though of great variety, may be divided
into two remarkable portions ; that based on the lime-
R O S C
stone of the plain districts, and that on the sandstone
of the mountains and their vicinities ; the former of
which is by much the more fertile, constituting the
natural pasture land for which Roscommon has been so
long celebrated, particularly the pasturages in the vici-
nity of Tulsk and Kilcorky, and in the plains to the
south-east of the town of Boyle. Extensive tracts of
very light shallow soil are commonly devoted to sheep-
feeding, especially along the ridges which separate the
waters of the Suck and the Shannon, where the lime-
stone rock is so sparingly covered, that the plough can-
not be used. Rich deep loams are also met with in the
limestone districts ; and the dry, mellow sandy lands
between Elphin and Kingston are particularly noted for
their fertility. Between the surface soil and the rock
are often vast alluvial deposits of gravel and loams of
various te.xture. Some of the sandstone soils, as in the
vicinity of the Curlew mountains, though of a very poor
quality, are susceptible of improvement by judicious
cultivation. The only sandy land is contiguous to
Lough Aeluyn, where it appears to have been formed
by drifts from the shores of the lake. On the moun-
tains, dry patches covered with heath are occasionally
found ; but the surface is commonly wet and boggy.
Great improvements by draining may be effected in
every part of the county, both by deepening the streams
in the low grounds, and by making drains in the up-
lands, where cold, wet, and spongy land, producing
rushes and aquatic plants, occurs in places apparently
little likely to produce them.
Although tillage has in later years been greatly ex-
tended, yet the general system of agriculture, except
on the lands held by wealthy individuals, is still in a
very backward state. The course consists of an intro-
ductory crop of potatoes, followed by wheat, barley,
bere, and oats, or by such of these corn-crops as the
fertility of the soil is calculated to produce with the
greatest advantage, until the ground is exhausted, when
it is " let out," that is, the land is allowed to remain in
its natural state after the last crop has been drawn off,
and continues thus until a new herbage is produced, in
which thistles, docks, and ragweed usually predominate.
Agriculture has made rapid advances among the gentry
and wealthier farmers ; the most approved implements
and modes of culture have been introduced, but, proba-
bly in consequence of the system of shallow ploughing
being still generally adhered to, turnips and mangel-
wurzel, whose roots strike deep into the ground, do not
succeed so well as in some other counties. The English
spade is unknown, its place being supplied by the loij,
so common throughout Connaught. The steeveen, used
in setting potatoes, is merely a pointed stake, with a
cross piece near the lower end to receive the foot, and
which likewise determines the depth of the holes. In
certain districts of Roscommon, as in other places
where spade husbandry prevails, it is usual for the
people to exchange labour reciprocally, and to unite in
considerable numbers in the fields of individuals in
rotation, more especially for the purpose of planting or
digging potatoes. The extensive grazinsj-farms present
a remarkable contrast to the fallow tillage land ; the
pastures are unrivalled in beauty and fertility. The
highest quality of pasture land, consisting of native
grasses, is reckoned to feed a bullock and a sheep per
acre ; on other lands an acre and a half are required,
480
ROSC
and on some grazing-farms forty bullocks are allotted
to a hundred acres.
The best land for feeding bullocks is the district ex-
tending from Elphin to Castlerea ; that for sheep, the
district from Roscommon to Tulsk, and thence north-
wards to Boyle. Dairy-farms are neither numerous
nor extensive, yet the butter made in the county is of
remarkably good quality, and every where commands
high prices. Great attention is paid to the breeds of
cattle ; the favourite stock is the Old Leicester crossed
vi'ith the long-horned breed of the country, as being
best adapted to the soil, remarkable for their symmetry,
of good size, and easily fattened. The bullocks are
larger than those in any other part of Ireland ; they are
generally disposed of at the October fair of Ballinasloe.
Sheep are also reared in great numbers : the most ap-
proved kinds are the New Leicester, and a cross be-
tween it and the native breed; the wool of the latter
being close and fine, and the mutton peculiarly well-
flavoured. The superiority of cattle and sheep, in this
county, is attributable both to the excellence of the soil
and the skill and attention of the breeder. The horses
are likewise in high estimation as roadsters and hunters.
Pigs, though superior to those of many other parts, are
not a common stock ; goats are seldom seen, except
with the cottiers in the mountainous districts. The
fences for the most part are high dry stone walls, which
are preferred to the quickset-hedge, even by many of
the wealthier and more intelligent farmers, as affording
more shelter to the cattle. Draining and irrigation arc
little practised, though much could be effected in this
respect, as the bogs, which are interspersed throughout
most parts in various sizes, .from tracts of a thousand
acres to patches scarcely adequate to supply the neigh-
bouring district with fuel, are all so situated with respect
to elevation and subsoil as to make their drainage and
reclamation a work of little difficulty or expense. The
country in general is extremely deficient in timber. Its
ancient forests have long since been cleared away ; their
only remaining traces are on the shores of some of the
lakes ; and not until lately have any general or enlarged
exertions been made to reinvest the country with this
useful and beautiful appendage. The only plantations
are in the neighbourhood of the mansions of the nobi-
lity and gentry. To the west of Castlerea, and on the
shores of Lough Ree, the land spontaneously throws up
shoots of oak, hazel, and other species of forest-trees,
in great abundance ; and small copses, chiefly of under-
wood, are often met with among the rocky ravines.
Turf is universally the fuel of the common people, and
generally of the farmers : the principal part of the coal
that has been raised in the north, above the quantity
consumed in the iron-works, has been sold for the
supply of more distant places, where fuel is less plen-
tiful.
All the plain district is based on limestone, varying
in appearance and quality. Tlie upper beds are usually
of a grey colour and of secondary formation, abounding
with petrifactions, principally madrepores. The lower
beds are commonly of a blackish hue, and the stor;e
contains large portions of argillaceous and silicious
earths, which frequently render it unfit for burning :
this impure limestone, called calp, is often accompanied
by thin layers of Lydian stone, which are sometimes so
numerous and minute as to give the rock a striped
R O S C
iiplicarante. The calp beds are generally succeeded bj'
strata ot' black limestone of a crystalline structure, sus-
ceptible of a high polish ; but in the northern parts of
the county, the limestone of the lower beds, even where
they come in contact with the sandstone, are of a light-
grey colour, and of a crystalline texture and susceptible
of polish. Silicious sandstone appears in several parts
!>/ the county rising up from beneath the limestone
bed and forming isolated hills, and likewise composing
the long ridge of Slievebawn, where it appears on the
summit in large broken masses. Of similar composi-
tion is the hill of Ballyfermoile, and at Belanagare the
sandstone is to be seen at the surface in very thin flags,
which are used in the vicinity for roofing houses. In
the more western part of the county, beyond Castlerea,
sandstone appears in various places, and limestone is
comparatively rare. But by far the most interesting
part of Roscommon, in reference to its geological forma-
tion, is the northern mountainous district on the con-
fines of Lough Allen, forming the celebrated coal and
iron district of Arigna.
This COAL district is a portion of that of the county
of Leitrim ; but of its two most important divisions,
one is wholly and the other chiefly in the northern end
of this county. The strata are arranged with great
regularity, rising immediately info the high flat-topped
mountains of Bracklieve and Slieve Curkagh. They
dip conformably with the subjacent limestone, and in
opposition to the southern declivity of the mountains ;
but the continuity of the different beds is frequently
broken by faults, where the strata of one part of a hill
have slipped down to a lower level, producing a varia-
tion of level of from 10 to 40 yards. In the series of
strata, the lowest, and first above the limestone base, is
black slate-clay, about 600 feet in thickness, in the
upper part of which are shale and thin beds of sand-
stone ; it likewise contains numerous beds of clay iron-
stone, from half an inch to two feet in thickness. Rest-
ing on it are from thirty to sixty feet of greyish-white
rock, called the first or great sandstone. Above this
succeeds black slate- clay, from nine to twenty feet
thick, covered by grey sandstone from six to ten feet
thick, on which rests sat)dstone from one to three feet
in thickness with fossil impressions, known by the
name of " seat rock," incumbent on which is fire-clay of
a similar thickness. This forms the seat of a stratum
of coal intermixed with thin lamina; of shale, from one
to three feet thick, above which is greyish-white sand-
stone, from four to twenty feet ; next, black slate- clay
from six to fifteen feet ; and then sandstone from twelve
to fifteen feet. The last forms the seat of the second
coal stratum, which is of good quality, and the only one
yet discovered that will repay the labour of the miner :
it varies from one foot four inches to two feet six
inches, and appears to promise an abundant produce ;
the stratum is thicker than any before known. Its roof
is grey, soft, slate-clay, from ten to fifteen feet thick,
above which is white sandstone of from twenty-four to
forty-five feet, on which rests the third and uppermost
seam of coal, from eight to nine inches only in thick-
ness. Above it is slate-clay in beds varying in thick-
ness, generally soft and black, and containing innumer-
able thin layers of clay ironstone : these beds are
unitedly from 100 to '300 feet thick, and are succeeded
by blackish-grey sandstone-slate in thin layers, from 30
Vol. II.— 481
Rose
to 60 feet thick, capped by sandstone flag from ;iO to
50 feet, which forms the summits of the coal mountains,
and is the highest stratum in the county in geological
and in actual elevation. The chief workings vary from
'260 to '2*0 feet below the surface.
The course of the Arigna river, through a deep and
narrow valley, has been adopted as a line of division be-
tween the coal-field of Bracklieve, on the south, and
that of Slieve Curkagh, on the north ; in both of which
the strata are nearly similar, although minor differences,
such as the change of soft slate-clay into sandstone-
slate, may be observed within a few yards. A peculiarity
of these two districts is that of the beds of coal all
lying at a cmisiderable elevation in the mountains,
where their outcrop may be distinctly traced in various
places. The coal district to the south of the Arigna
river extends in the direction of the mountain, from
south-east to north-west, about nine miles, and in
breadth iibout two, comprising an area of 4.540 acres ;
■while the coal-field to the north of that river comprises
about 1940 acres ; making a total of about 64S0. The
produce, though not equal to that of Whitehaven or
Newcastle, is sufficiently well adapted for culinary or
manufacturing purposes, being a medium between the
quick blazing coal of Scotland and the coal of White-
haven.
Inconsiderable workings appear to have been made
in the borders of the several seams from an early
period ; but the first important era in the mining his-
tory of the district was the establishment of iron-
works at Arigna, in 178t>, by three brothers of the
name of O'Reilly. By these enterprising men, pit-coal
was for the first time used in Ireland in the smelting of
iron-ore ; and both bar and pig iron of the best quality
were produced. But the speculation proved unsuccess-
ful ; and, after passing into other hands, the concern
was discontinued in 180S, although it had two coal-
mines in the southern district for its supply ; the Rover
colliery, about a mile distant, and the Aughabehy col-
liery, the largest in the district, about three miles dis-
tant. A report on the mineral wealth of this part of the
country, made by Mr. Griffith to the Royal Dublin
Society, in lS14,'and the repetition of the statements
therein contained by that gentleman before a committee
of the house of commons in 18'24, induced the investi-
ture of capital in the working of mines by several com-
panies, who made the borders of Lough Allen the scene
of revived activity and industry. The Irish and the
Hibernian INIining Companies began operations in the
mountains on the north side of the Arigna river ; but
suspicions were soon entertained by the agents both as
to the reported extent and thickness of the coal, and the
Hibernian Company at once abandoned the speculation
as unworthy of further attention. The Irish Mining
Company, however, persevered, and opened several pits,
the largest of which, at TuUynaha, was worked to ad-
vantage for a long time. But the body that engaged
most extensively in works was the Arigna Mining Com-
pany, formed in London during the speculating period
of r8'24 and 18'2.5, and whose affairs became the subject
of a parliamentary investigation, and of a long and ex-
pensive chancery suit, which was not terminated until
Jan. 1836. In 1S24, a lease of the old Arigna works
was obtained from Mr. Latouche ; a colony of engineers
and workmen was brought over from England in the
3Q
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same year ; the works were restored, the coal and iron
mines reopened, and 230 tons of iron were manufactured
between Nov. 1825 and May 1826, at an expense of
£8. 4. per ton, when the furnace became choked. In
consequence, the smehing was discontinued, and the
works were suffered to fall into decay, until after the de-
cision in chancery, when Mr. Flattery, in whose favour
the decree had been made, recommenced the works,
which were for a time in full operation, producing 18
tons of castings daily, and affording employment to 560
men : the metal wrought is said to have been equal to
the best Swedish iron. Fine castings of every descrip-
tion were made here and shipped for Dublin, where there
was a great demand for them. In connexion with these
works were the collieries of Rover and Aughabehy, be-
longing to the old proprietors ; and a new pit, in which
the coal is of superior quality, and the seam thicker
than any previously discovered, was opened at Gub-
berother by Mr. Flattery. The same spirited individual
erected a building for the manufacture of bar, rod, and
sheet iron. The value of these works to the manufac-
turing industry of the country was much diminished by
the want of good roads through this mountainous dis-
trict. The works, now deserted, are near the shore of
Lough Allen and 9 miles from Carrick-on- Shannon,
south of the Arigna river, where the royalties chiefly
belong to Mr. Tennison, though one is held under the
see of Tuam. There are coal-mines on both sides of
the mountain ridge ; the most important is that of
Aughabehy, more distant than any from the iron-works.
The ironstone of the neighbourhood is of the greatest
variety, richness, and abundance ; and the limestone
used as a flux is of the best quality.
Of other mineral productions, it remains only to state
that clay suitable for potters' use and for tobacco-pipes
is found in the county : in the vicinity of Roscommon
are several small potteries ; and at Knockcroghery is a
manufactory for tobacco-pipes. Fire-bricks have been
made at different times from the fire-clay of the coal
districts ; considerable quantities were lately produced
at the Arigna works. Ironstone is found not only in
the northern but likewise in the western part of the
county, where it was formerly smelted in small quan-
tities ; and between Mantua and Belanagare occurs a
tough compound calcareous stone, containing pale, blue-
ish, striated flints, resembling chalcedony and agate.
Except the above, scarcely any manufactures are now
carried on ; that of linen, which partially flourished
while supported by bounties, having become nearly ex-
tinct when they were withdrawn ; and even the domestic
manufacture of coarse flannels, striped woollens, and
cotton stuffs, for home consumption, is injured by the
rivalry of cheap goods from England. The commerce
therefore consists in the export of agricultural produce ;
in the extensive sales of cattle at the surrounding marts,
of which Ballinasloe is the principal ; and in the im-
portation of the foreign supplies required by the wealthier
population.
The chief rivers connected with the county are the
Shannon and the Suck. The Shannon, from Lough
Allen, throughout the whole of its course along the
eastern frontier of the county, has been made navigable,
notwithstanding its numerous rapids. The difficulties
of the first seven miles and a half are obviated by a
canal from Lough Allen, near Drumshanibo, to Battle-
482
bridge, whence the navigation is continued down the
river to Carrick-on-Shannon, below which the stream
winds with a smooth and majestic course, beneath high
cliffs of gravel on the Roscommon side, and a mile or
two farther forms numerous little bays and inlets, and
encircles some small islands. A second canal then occurs,
to avoid the rapids between Jamestown and Drumsna.
After passing through Loughs Bodarrig and Boffin, the
Shannon again becomes shallow and narrow ; and, to
obviate the obstructions, a canal about three-quarters of
a mile in length is carried past the falls of Ruskey. At
Tarmonbarry the rapids are avoided by coasting round
the great island of Cloondra, at the lower end of which
a short canal re-communicates with the river : the next
town on the navigation is Lanesborough, where rapids
are avoided by another artificial cut. Immediately
below, the river expands into Lough Ree, nearly eighteen
English miles in length, the navigation of which is
attended with some danger on account of its sunken
rocks and shoals, the most difficult part being the end
next Lanesborough, where the channel is narrow and
tortuous ; the greatest depth of water of this lake does
not exceed seventy-five feet, and the general depth is
much less. Numbers of pleasure-boats are kept upon
it ; but along the whole Roscommon shore there is not
a quay for large vessels, nor any place interested in, or
connected with, the navigation of the lake, except an
occasional group of cabins. From the lower end of
Lough Ree the Shannon glides in a broad navigable
channel a mile and a half to Athlone, below the ancient
bridge of which the falls are avoided by a canal about a
mile in length. The rest of its course is through a
dreary and thinly inhabited country, by Shannon-Bridge,
to the influx of the Suck, where it quits the county.
With the Shannon navigation are connected all the
other lines of water communication with which this
county is intersected ; the Royal Canal from Dublin
entering it at Richmond harbour below Tarmonbarry,
and the Grand Canal at Shannon Harbour below the
confines of the county, whence a branch is extended
westward to Ballinasloe. The Shannon serves for the
transmission of turf, brick, sand, lime, flags, marble,
slates, native timber, manures, coal, culm, and stone for
building ; besides potatoes, meal, flour, grain, and other
articles of provision. Coal is brought down from Lough
Allen to Carrick, Drumsna, and even to Athlone ; but
the population is so dispersed over the country, that the
trade in this article is necessarily very small. Corn and
butter are exported by the canals ; and heavy articles,
such as sugar, iron, deals, slates, manufactured goods,
&c., received by them in return. Further information
respecting the Shannon will be found in the articles on
Cavan and other counties.
The Suck is navigable to Ballinasloe for flat-bottomed
barks of light burthen ; small row-boats ascend still
higher : but the construction of the canal from this
town to Shannon harbour has rendered the river navi-
gation unnecessary. The Shannon and Suck abound
with all the common kinds of river fish, especially with
eels, of which vast quantities are taken at weirs erected
for the purpose, and a large supply sent to Dublin ;
those of the Suck are esteemed peculiarly fine. The
principal smaller rivers are, the Breeogue ; the Lung,
which has a subterraneous passage for about a mile,
collaterally with one of its tributaries, and at length
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enters Loxigh Gara ; and the Gam river, or Boyle water,
which, on emerging!; from Lough Kea, beionics navigable
for small craft, but below Knockvicar bridge, and below
the upper lough of Oakford, dwindles into a mere stream
which, in ordinary seasons, could scarcely be supposed
to afford the only channel for all the waters which pour
from Lough Gara and Lough Kea. Besides this last
tributary, the Shannon receives from Roscommon the
powerful stream of Arignu ; the I'iorUh from Lough
Skean and Meelagh ; and a large stream from under
Carnadoe bridge, discharged from a chain of small lakes
in the interior, the lowest and largest of which is about
three miles in length. Plans have been proposed for
extending a branch of the Shannon and Royal Canal
navigations, to the town of Roscommon ; but their
execution has not been undertaken. The Roads are
numerous and highly important, as the lines of commu-
nication between Dublin and every part of Connanght
pass through this county. The old lines of road are
crooked, and in many parts very hilly, but generally
well made, though wet in winter in consequence of the
drains and watercourses not being properly attended to.
A line has recently been opened from Tarmonbarry to
Luug bridge, another from Roscommon to Richmond
Harbour and Ruskey, and a third from Lanesborough
to Strokestown. All the roads are kept in order by
grand jury presentments ; there are no toll gates in the
county.
The most numerous class of antiquities is the raths,
which abound in the northern and middle baronies,
though less frequent in the south. No less than 470
are marked on the grand jury map of the county ; and
the people generally regard them with veneration, deem-
ing it unlucky to disturb or cultivate them. At James-
town are two, remarkable for being situated so close to
each other that the encircling trenches join ; there is a
still more curious circular fortification at Lough Glynn,
and at Oran are the remains of an ancient round tower.
The monastic remains are also various and interesting :
Archdall enumerates 50 religious establishments of
various kinds ; and there are still interesting and pic-
turesque ruins of Boyle Abbey ; of that at Clonshanvill ;
of Trinity Abbey, on the shore of Lough Kea ; of the
priory of Inchmacneerin, an island in the same lake ; of
Tulsk Abbey ; of the Dominican convent at Roscommon;
of Dcrane Abbey, two miles north-east from Roscommon ;
and of Clontuskert Abbey, in the same vicinity. There
are also a large old church and other ecclesiastical ruins
at St. John's. Several remains of small castles are scat-
tered through the county, undeserving of particular
notice. The following are most remarkable : the old
castle of Lough Glynn j the fortress on Castle Island, in
Lough Kea, anciently belonging to Mac Dermct ; Bally-
nafad Castle, the ancient seat of O'Conor Roe ; the ex-
tensive ruins of Roscommon Castle ; those of Ballin-
tobber Castle, belonging anciently to O'Conor Don ; the
old keep of Athlone Castle ; the ruined fortress and
fortified isthmus of St. John's; and the old castle of
Ballinasloe. Old Coote Hall, in the parish of Tumna,
presents curious remains of fortification in a tower and
ruined walls ; and at Belanagare, Kilmore, and near
Athleague, are ruined mansions, conspicuous by their
tall ornamented chimneys and high gables. Among the
other antiquities may be noticed the old bridge of Ath-
lone, the inscription on which states it to have been built
4S3
Rose
in the 9th year of Elizabeth, and records several cir-
cumstances connected with the history of that period.
The county contains a considerable number of seats,
some of which are very splendid, and surrounded by
grounds of great beauty ; they are noticed in their
respective parishes. But though every part of it, more
particularly the barony of Boyle, affords numerous in-
stances of improvements in the buildings, even down to
the cottages of the peasantry, yet too many instances of
squalid misery in their habitations are still to be met
with. Among the most remarkable natural curiosities
are the Swallow holes, through which several of the
streams are precipitated into subterraneous caverns :
the largest river having a subterranean course is the
Lung, near Lough Glynn. At Rathcroaghan, Kilma-
cumsky, and other places, are natural and artificial
caves, in which have been found various fossil bones.
Roscommon confers the title of Earl on the family of
Dillon.
ROSCOMMON, a market and assize town (formerly
a parliamentary borough), a parish, and tlie head of a
union, in the barony of South Ballintobber, county
of Roscommon, and province of Connaught, 1.5^
miles (W. by N.) from Athlone, and 74| (W.) from
Dublin, on the road to Sligo ; containing 8191 inha-
bitants, of whom 3439 are in the town. This place
appears to have derived both its origin and its name,
originally Ros-Coeman, or " Coeman's marsh," from
the foundation of an abbey of Canons Regular in a low-
situation here, by St. Coeman or Coraanus, a disciple
of St. Finian, about the year 540. The abbey was
pillaged by the Danes in 807, and plundered and burnt
by the people of Munstcr in 1134; it, however, was
soon afterwards restored, and in 1156 its endowments
were greatly augmented by Turlogh the Great, King
of Ireland. In 1204, the establishment was plundered
by William Bourke Fitz-Akielm, one of the earliest
English adventurers that penetrated into Connaught.
A Dominican friary was founded in 1'253, by Felim
M<^Cahile Croovdearg O'Conor, King of Connaught,
■who was interred in it in 1265. Both these establish-
ments, at the Dissolution, were granted by Queen
Elizabeth to Sir Nicholas Malby, Knt., and his heirs at
a yearly rent of £30. 5. 10. In 1268, Sir Robert de
Ufford, the English lord-justice, erected a strong
CASTLE here, which, four years afterwards, when Mau-
rice Fitz-Maurice, Earl of Kildare, -was lord-justice,
was razed to the ground by the native Irish. This
castle was rebuilt, and in 1276 was again taken by the
Irish, who on that occasion obtained a signal victory
over the English ; in the following year, Thomas de
Clare, who had retaken it, was, with his father-in-law,
the Earl of Kildare, surrounded by the native forces,
and compelled to purchase a safe retreat by the final
surrender of the place. The De Burgos, however, after-
wards recovered possession of the fortress. The castle,
on its first erection, and also the town which gradually
rose around it, paid a ground rent to the abbot of the
older monastery. In 1360, the town was destroyed by
fire; and in 1498 the Earl of Kildare, then lord-deputy,
in an expedition into Connaught took possession of
the castle, which he strongly fortified. It subsequently
fell into the hands of the enemy, who kept it till 1566,
when it was retaken for the Queen by Sir Henry Sid-
ney, lord-deputy, who placed Sir Thomas L'Estrange
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here as governor, with a garrison of infantry and 20
horsemen. In the parliamentary war of 1641, the cas-
tle was held for the king by Sir Michael Earnley, with
a detachment of the President of Connaught's troops ;
and in 164'2 it made a brave defence against the as-
saults of the insurgent forces, but ultimately fell into
their hands. The insurgents kept possession of the
place till 16^2, when it was delivered up to Colonel
Reynolds, an officer of the parliamentarian army.
The TOWN is principally built on the eastern and
southern sides of a hill, at the base of which are the
remains of its venerable religious buildings, and its
once stately castle ; it has one main street, forming its
chief entrance from the north, and expanding at the
extremity in a wide open area, round which are some
of the public buildings and the best of its more ancient
houses. Several smaller streets of very inferior charac-
ter diverge from the main street : the total number of
houses is 563, the greater number of which are merely
cabins ; of the remainder, several are handsome and well
built, and a few are pleasing villas. The inhabitants
are but indifferently supplied with water, from a deep
well in the centre of the town, and from others near
the base of the hill ; in summer the supply is very in-
adequate. Five roads radiate from the town to different
parts of the country. About half a mile distant are
barracks for one troop of horse. Races, which are
supported by subscription, are held annually on a course
about a mile from the town ; and a newspaper is pub-
lished weekly. The principal trade is in grain, large
quantities of which are sent to Lanesborough, whence
it is conveyed by the Shannon : this trade has greatly
increased since the improvement of the roads, and the
facilities afforded by the continuation of the Royal
Canal ; and a plan has been under consideration for
the construction of a line of navigation from the town,
either to the Shannon, or to the Royal Canal harbour at
Tarmonbarry. A branch of the National Bank of Ire-
land was opened in the town in 183" : there are a public
brewery and a tanyard. In the excise arrangements the
town is within the district of Athlone. The market is
on Saturday, and is numerously attended, and abun-
dantly supplied with corn and provisions of all kinds ;
among various other articles exposed for sale are frieze,
coarse woollen-stuffs, flannels, and a little linen, with
coarse brown pottery made in the neighbourhood, for
which the clay is brought in carts from the borders of the
river Shannon. Fairs are held on Whit-Monday and
Dec. 5th, and are well attended. A chief constabulary
police force is stationed in the town. The market -
house, originally the gaol, was afterwards used as a
lunatic asylum, and, since the removal of the patients
to the district asylum, has been appropriated to its pre-
sent use.
The town received a charter of incorporation in the
reign of Edward I. ; and in 1310 the burgesses peti-
tioned for a confirmation of it from Edward II., who
issued to the Lord Chief Justice, Chancellor, and Trea-
surer of Ireland, his writ of inquiry for that purpose ;
but neither the return nor any subsequent proceedings
to this writ are recorded. James I., in the 10th of his
reign, granted the inhabitants a charter of incorpora-
tion, under the designation of the " Provost, Free Bur-
gesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Roscom-
mon," with power to hold a court of record with juris-
484
ROSC
diction to the amount of five marks, and to return two
members to the Irish parliament. A new charter was
granted by James II., which increased the number of
free burgesses from twelve to eighteen, and extended
the jurisdiction of the court from five marks to £5,
which latter alteration alone was adopted by the corpo-
ration. Under the charter of James I., by which the
town was long governed, the corporation consisted of a
provost, twelve free burgesses, and an indefinite number
of freemen. The provost was annually chosen from the
free burgesses by a majority of that body, by whom,
also, vacancies in their number were filled up as they
occurred ; and the freemen were admitted solely by
favour. The corporation continued to return two mem-
bers to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the
borough was disfranchised. Since that period it has
become virtually extinct ; and the only local court now
existing is that of the manor of Roscommon, held be-
fore the seneschal, at which debts not exceeding £10
are recoverable. The assizes for the county are held
here, and the general-sessions for the division of Ath-
lone twice in the year ; petty-sessions are also held in
the town every Monday. In 1837 the inhabitants
adopted the provisions of the act 9th George IV., cap.
82, for Lighting, Paving, and Watching Towns in Ireland.
The new court-house, situated on a levelled space on
the western brow of the hill, is a handsome and spacious
structure with a Doric portico in front ; and contains,
besides two well-arranged court-rooms for criminal and
civil business, a superb room for the grand jury, an
apartment for the use of the judges, a room for the
barristers, refreshment-rooms, and accommodations
for persons having business at the assizes or sessions,
with complete ranges of requisite offices. Near it is
the new gaol for the county, built upon the radiating
principle and of a polygonal form, containing eight
wards, with airing-yards and work-rooms, and 91 sleep-
ing cells, an hospital, a chapel, &c.
The parish comprises 9819 statute acres ; the land is
of good quality and generally in a state of profitable
cultivation, and the neighbourhood is rich in agricultu-
ral produce. Among the seats are, Carrowroe, a sub-
stantial mansion of limestone, with a Doric portico in
front, situated in a highly improved and richly wooded
demesne, commanding fine views of the surrounding
country ; and Hazelbrook, pleasingly situated. Within
two or three miles of the town is Moate Park, the seat
of Lord Crofton, a handsome modern mansion, in an
ample demesne. The living is a vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Elphin, episcopally united in 1 805 to the vicar-
ages of Kilbride and Kilteevan, and in the patronage of
the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of
Essex. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £ 1 10. 1 5.,
half payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to
the vicar ; the gross income of the benefice, including a
bequest by the late Lord Ranelagh of £18. 9. per an-
num, amounted, before the passing of the Rent-charge
act, to £'292. 14. 11. The church is a neat edifice with
a square tower, in which are a doorway and window of
elegant design ; it has been lately enlarged at an ex-
pense of £747, of which £647 were from the funds of the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
also the parish of Kilteevan ; in each is a chapel. The
chapel in this parish being too small for the congrega-
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tion, the old court-house was purchased from the grand
jury by the Rev. John Madden, P.P., and converted
into a chapel with galleries ; there is a painting of the
Crucifixion over the altar, with others on the walls :
the building cost £"2000. The former chapel is now
used as a^school. The county infirmary is a plain
substantial bnilding, consisting of a centre and two
wings, erected, as appears from a tablet over the en-
trance, at the sole expense of Mrs. VValcott, sister of
the Lord Chief Justice Caulfeild, in 17S3 : it contains
50 beds, with a small detached fever hospital, and a
dispensary for the relief of extern patients, of whom
nearly 16,000 annually receive medical assistance. The
number of patients received into the infirmary is more
than 300 annually, and the expenses of the institution
are about £1000; the income arises from an annuity of
£9'2. 6. 'I. bequeathed by Mrs. Walcott, donations and
subscriptions, parliamentary grants, and presentments.
An equitable loan society was established in 1 830, with
a capital of £150; it has now a capital of £4000 cir-
culating in small loans, raised chiefly by the exertions
of Mr. Carson, who has built several neat cottages to be
occupied by the poor rent-free, and two for poor widows,
who are supported by him and the Protestant curate.
The union workhouse, on a site of 7i acres held at a
rent of £48. 1'2., was completed in 1841 at a cost of
£7500, and is constructed for 900 paupers.
There are some remains of the Dominican Friary, con-
sisting of the church, 137 feet in length, and 23 in
width, with a northern transept, in which is an aisle
separated by four pointed arches, resting on massive
round pillars : over the principal entrance is a very
beautiful window, with an enriched architrave decorated
with pinnacles. The windows in the choir and other
parts are lancet-shaped, and much mutilated ; under an
arch on the north side of the choir is a tomb with a
mutilated effigy, said to be that of O'Conor, and on the
base are four warlike figures in high relief, representing
ancient gallowglasses. Fragments of sculptured stones
are scattered over the whole area, which, notwithstand-
ing the shallowness of the soil, is still used as a burial-
place. The ruins of the Castle, on the north side of the
town, have a grand and imposing appearance, as seen
from various points of view ; they occupy a quadrangu-
lar area, 2*23 feet in length, and 173 feet in breadth.
Each angle is defended by a round tower ; two similar
towers project from the eastern side to defend the gate-
way entrance, and on the western side is a square gate-
way tower of smaller dimensions. The lower stories of
the towers are strongly groined ; the upper are of more
airy character, with spacious windows of handsome de-
sign, and appear to have been connected with a rectangu-
lar edifice in the inner court, which contained the state
apartments. The whole is surrounded with outer walls,
defended at the angles with low round towers. Two
miles to the north-east of the towu are the remains of the
abbey of Derlian or Derane, said to have been granted to
a party of monks from the abbey of Roscommon by
O'Conor, at an early period, but the date of its foun-
dation is unknown : they occupy the summit of a barren
hill, but present few interesting details, except the
mutilated remains of a large window, which appears to
have been very highly enriched ; adjoining is an exten-
sive cemetery, still in use. Roscommon gives the title
of Earl to the family of Dillon.
ROSCOMROR, a parish, in the union of Roscrea,
barony of Ballydritt, King's county, and province of
Lei.vster, 6 miles (S. E. by E.) from Parsonstown, and
on the road from Roscrea to Tullamore ; containing
1387 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises 596,5^
statute acres, is situated on the confines of the Queen's
county, and is bounded on the east by the Slieve-Bloom
mountains. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe,
forming part of the union of Kinnitty : the rectory is
impropriate in the representatives of the late J. Curtis,
Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is £66. 9- 3., of which
£24. 18. 6. are payable to the impropriators, and the
remainder to the vicar ; the glebe comprises 20 acres.
In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the parish is part
of the union or district of Kinnitty.
ROSCONNELL, a parish, in the union of Abbey-
l.Eix, partly the barony of Fassadining, county of
Kilkenny, but chiefly in the baronies of Cullenagh
and Clarmali.agh, Queen's county, and province of
Leinster, If mile (S. by W.) from Ballynakill, on the
road to Durrow ; containing S94 inhabitants, and com-
prising 219O5: statute acres. It is a rectory, in the
diocese of Ossory, forming part of the union of Atta-
nagh : the tithe rent-charge is £107. 6. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Ballyragget.
ROSCREA, a market and post town, a parish, and
the head of a union, partly in the baronies of Clon-
MSK and Ballybritt, King's county, and province of
Leinsteu, but chiefly in the barony of Ikerrin, county
of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 35 miles
(N. E.) from Limerick, and 59 (S. W.) from Dublin, on
the coach-road to Limerick ; containing 964" inhabit-
ants, of whom 5275 are in the town. This place, the
name of which, signifying a marshy situation, was de-
scriptive of its early state, appears to have arisen from
the foundation of a monastery here by St. Cronan, who
flourished about the year 620, and was interred in the
church. The establishment, which was for Canons
Regular of the order of St. Augustine, and was amply
endowed, soon became the seat of a small surrounding
diocese ; and the town had become a place of import-
ance prior to the close of the ninth century. In 942,
the Danes from Limerick and the west approached this
place at the time of its great fair, which was frequented
by merchants from all parts of the kingdom, and even
from foreign parts ; but the people, being apprised of
their design, marched out of the town to meet them,
and after an obstinate conflict, in which more than 4000
of the Danes were slain, entirely defeated them and killed
their leader. The town was destroyed by fire in 1133
and 1 147 ; was plundered by the inhabitants of the dis-
trict of Cashel in 1153 ; and in the year following was
again destroyed by fire. During this century the ancient
see of Roscrea was united to that of Killaloe, since which
period there is no further notice of the abbey. In 1213,
King John, with the consent of the Bishop of Killaloe,
proprietor of the manor of Roscrea by the union of the
sees, built a strong castle here to defend the town and
neighbourhood against the incursions of Moriertach
O'Brien, who had committed great devastations in this
part of the country. The manor was, in 12S0, given to
Edward I. by Matthew Hogan, Bishop of Killaloe, with
the assent of his dean and chapter, in exchange for other
lands in the county of Dublin : and in the following
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year it was granted by that raonarch to Edmund Butler,
afterwards Earl of Carrick, in whose family it remained
till the reign of William III., and by whom a strong
castle was erected, of which a considerable part is still
remaining. A Franciscan friary was founded in 1490,
by Mulrany-na-Feasoige O'Carrol, or his wife Bribiana,
and at the Dissolution was granted to Thomas, Earl of
Ormonde.
The TOWN is situated on a small river tributary to
the Brosna, and consists of several streets irregularly
built, containing 915 houses, most of which are of in-
different appearance ; the remains of its castles and
ecclesiastical edifices, which were extensive and stately
structures, with its ancient round tower, convey an idea
of its former importance, and render it an interesting
object as seen from the hills in the neighbourhood, which
abounds with picturesque scenery. The infantry bar-
racks, formerly the mansion of the Damer family, are
adapted for* officers and 106 non-commissioned officers
and privates, with stabling for 4 horses. From its
situation in the heart of a fertile district, the town
carries on a brisk trade for the supply of the smaller
towns in the vicinity, and is the principal mart for
the agricultural and other produce of the surrounding
country. The manufacture of coarse woollen cloths
was established here in 18^2, by Mr. Henry Buckley,
and affords employment to about 100 persons ; there
are also three flour-mills, two breweries, and two tan-
neries, in full operation. A branch of the National
Bank has been opened. In the excise arrangements
the town is within the district of Maryborough. The
market days are Thursday and Saturday ; and fairs are
held on March 25th, May 7th, June 21st, Aug. 8th,
Oct. 9th, and Nov. 29th, when vast quantities of cattle
of all kinds and other farming stock are sold. The
market-house is commodious, and there are also public
shambles. A chief constabulary police force is sta-
tioned here: petty-sessions are held every Monday;
and a manorial court, in which debts to the amount of
£10 Irish are recoverable, is held in the market-house
every month before the seneschal. The bridewell con-
tains )2 sleeping-cells, 3 day-rooms, and 2 airing-yards,
with a hall which is used also for a chapel.
The parish comprises 10,656 statute acres : the land
is extremely fertile, and the system of agriculture greatly
improved ; limestone abounds, and is quarried for agri-
cultural purposes and for building, and there are exten-
sive quarries of gritstone. The seats are. Inane, that
of P. Jackson, Esq., situated in an extensive, highly
cultivated, and richly planted demesne; and Mount
Butler, the handsome and pleasant residence of Lady
Garden. Near the town, but not within the parish, are
Verdant Hill, Corville, Golden Grove, Mount Heaton,
Mona Incha, Glen Albert, Killavella, the Grove, Ash-
bury, Dungar Park, Laurel Hill, Lowlands, and Mill
Park. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Killaloe, episcopally united in 1779 to the
rectory and vicarage of Kyle, and in the patronage of
the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£365. 16. 2. The rectory-house, a good residence, was
built in 1812, at an expense of £1384, of which £92. 6.
were a gift and £715 a loan from the Board of First
Fruits ; the glebe comprises about if acre, and the
gross income of the benefice is £450. 12. 10. The
church, built in 1812 by aid of a loan of £3500 from
486
the same Board, and towards the repair of which the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners have granted £I60, is
situated near the site of the ancient abbey. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a
district, comprising also the parish of Kyle, and con-
taining a chapel in each parish. There are places of
worship for the Society of Friends and Primitive Me-
thodists. A dispensary was established in 1809 by the
late Drs. Smith and Powell; and in 1830 the Earl of
Portarlington gave a plot of land as a site, and £50
towards the erection of a suitable building. A fever
hospital and house of recovery was established by sub-
scription in 1824 ; it contains four sick wards and two
convalescent wards, and is capable of accommodating
32 sick and 24 convalescent patients : the total number
admitted during the six months ending March 31, 1846,
was 139. A cholera hospital was erected in 1832, which
contains two wards and is capable of receiving 40 pa-
tients. The union workhouse, on a site of six acres
purchased for £604, was completed in 1841 at a cost of
£6700, and is constructed to contain 700 paupers.
The only part left of the ancient Abbey is the western
gable, with an arched door forming an entrance to the
present churchyard ; on each side of the arch are two
flat niches, and above the doorway is a figure of the
patron saint, Cronan, but much mutilated. In the
churchyard is part of a circular cross, which, with an-
other stone now forming part of the wall, is called the
Shrine of St. Cronan, and is rudely sculptured with a
representation of the Crucifixion and other figures. On
the opposite side of the road, to the north-west of the
old church, is an ancient Round Tower ; it is about SO
feet high, in good preservation, and covered with a dome
roof of wood ; around its base are two tiers of stone
steps, and about 15 feet from the ground is a circular
arched doorway, above which, at an elevation of 15 feet,
is a pointed window. There are also some remains of
the Culdee establishment of Mona Incha, where, from
the time of St. Columba, who flourished early in the 6th
century and was the founder of that order, subsisted till
the beginning of the 17th century a fraternity of monks
remarkable for their learning and sanctity, who strenu-
ously resisted the usurpations of the see of Rome, and
are mentioned by Archbishop Ussher as existing in the
earlier part of his time. In the north-western pait of
the town are the remains of the Franciscan Friary, still
in tolerable preservation ; the tower of the ancient
church forms the entrance to the Roman Catholic
chapel. In a street called the Mall is still standing a
circular tower, forming a portion of the castle erected
by King John : this tower has been recently roofed ;
and in the centre of the town, and in good preservation,
is the lofty square castle built by the Butler family, part
of which has been appropriated as a depAt for military
stores for the use of the troops quartered in the bar-
racks. St. Canice here wrote a copy of the Four Gospels,
called Glass Kennic, or " the Chain of Canice," which
till the time of Ussher was preserved in the abbey of
this place : there was also a curious copy written by
Dimma, a scribe, the son of Aengus son of Carthin,
which was also kept here in a curiously ornamented
box, and was most probably the manuscript in the
possession of Sir William Betham, Ulster King at
Arms. There is a chalybeate spring at Corville, near
the town.
ROSE
ROSS
ROSENALLIS, or Oregan, a parish, in the union
of Mount-Mellick, barony of Tinnehinch, Queen's
county, and province of Leinsteu, on the road from
Enio to Birr, through Clonaslee ; containing, with the
greater part of the post-town of Mount-Mellick (which
is separately described), 8505 inhabitants, of whom '239
are in the village. The parish is said to have derived
its name from Rossa Failgea, eldest son of Cathavir
O'More It comprises 14,I18| statute acres, and the
north-eastern extremity of the Slieve-Blooin mountains
is included in it : the Barrow rises in Tinnehinch hill,
and, after receiving the stream of the Oweiiass, or Onas,
quits the parish near Mount-Mellick. The soil is cold,
but capable of great improvement by the application of
lime, which is much used, as is also a compost of clay,
bog mould, and the refuse of the farmyard. In the
Slieve-Bloom mountains arc quarries of a soft white
sandstone, which hardens when exposed to the air, and
is susceptible of a high polish ; it is in great demand
throughout the country for chimney-pieces and hearth-
stones : a coarser kind is used for flagging. Another
peculiarity of these mountains is the fertility of their
northern side, which is interspersed with neat farm-
houses and cultivated inclosures to its summit, while its
southern side is mostly a heathy waste. Iron-ore was
formerly raised, but is not now. There is a large tract
of bog in this district, affording an abundant supply of
fuel. Tillage is more attended to than grazing ; there
are but few flocks of sheep : the chief crops are potatoes,
wheat, barley, and oats, and near Mount-Mellick are
three public nurseries. Besides the fairs which are held
in the last-named town, is one at Tinnehinch on Oct.
29th solely for pigs. Comfortable farmhouses are
thickly scattered through the parish, and there are
several good mansions, the principal of which are,
Capard, situated on the side of a hill commanding an
extensive view of the adjacent country, with the towns
of Mount-Mellick, Maryborough, Portarlington, Mount-
rath, and Monastereven ; Rynn ; and Summergrove.
The manufacture of woollen cloths, stuffs, and cottons,
is carried on in Mount-Mellick and its vicinity ; there
are also breweries and distilleries.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Kildare : the rectory is impropriate in General Dunne ;
the vicarage, united with those of Castlebrack, Kilman-
man, and Rerymore, is in the patronage of Thomas
Kemmis, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£299. 1.6., of which two-thirds are payable to the im-
propriator, and one-third to the vicar ; the parishes of
the union constitute the barony of Tinnehinch, and the
tithe of the whole benefice is £'2.'j'2. "2. 6. The glebe-
house, at Caniira, is a commodious building on an ele-
vated piece of ground near the village of Rosenallis, and
has a glebe of 114 acres annexed to it, besides which
there are 300 acres of glebe, including mountain land,
in the other parishes of the union. The church, at
Rosenallis, is a neat building, erected in 1797 by the
parish, at an expense of £1000 ; a tower and spire were
added in 1816, by a loan of £250 from the Board of
First Fruits, and the edifice has been lately thoroughly
repaired by means of a grant of £578 from the Ecclesi-
astical Commissioners. There is a chaiiel of ease at
Mount-Mellick. In the Roman Catholic divisions Rose-
nallis is the head of a district, comprising parts of the
parishes of Rosenallis, Castlebrack, and Rerymore ; the
487
other part of the parish is in the district of Mount
Mellick : there are chapels at Capard and Mount-
Mellick. The Society of Friends have an inclosed
burial-ground near the village. Within the grounds .,f
Cappard are several raths ; and brass coins of James II.
were dug up near the mansion a few years since. A
remarkable togher or bog-pass, in the neighbourhood,
is pointed out as the place where an engagement took
place between parties of King William's and King
James's forces, in which the latter were defeated.
ROSINAN, a parish, in the union of Waterford,
partly in the barony of Ida, but chiefly in the barony of
Knocktoi'her, county of Kilkenny, and province of
Leinsteu, 5 miles (.\. N. W.) from Waterford, on the
road to Kilkenny; containing 1183 inhabitants, and
comprising 4333^ statute acres. It is in the diocese of
Ossory ; the rectory is appropriate to the vicars-choral
of the cathedral of St. Canice, Kilkenny, and the vicar-
age forms part of the union of Kilbeacon. The tithe
rent-charge is £145. 5., two-thirds payable to the vicars-
choral, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Mullinavat.
ROSKEEN, or Rusheen, a parish, in the barony
of DuHALLow, union of Kanturk, county of Cork, and
province of Munster, 3 miles (S. E.) from Kanturk, on
the road to Mallow ; containing 691 inhabitants. It is
bounded on the south by the river Blackwater, which is
here crossed by a stone bridge of ten arches. Near this
bridge commences a new government road, which at
Clonbanin branches off on the right to King-William's-
Town and Castleisland, and on the left towards Kil-
larney. The parish comprises 1675 statute acres; the
land is in general good, and chiefly in tillage, and the
state of agriculture has of late years undergone con-
siderable improvement. On the lands of Pallis are
several beds of culm, which have not yet been worked ;
limestone is also found on that estate, and brownstone
adapted for ordinary building purposes is to be obtained
in other parts of the parish. The Blackwater is here
very rapid and subject to floods, but at ordinary times
is fordable in several places. Roskeen House is plea-
santly situated near the river, and commands a fine view
of the majestic mountain of St. Hilary. The parish is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, forming part of the
union of Clonmeen : the rectory is impropriate in Robert
Phayre, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is £60. 8., of
which £41.5. are payable to the impropriator, and the
remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is part of the district of Castlemagner.
ROSKELTON.— See Clonenagh.
ROSLYNAGH, an island, in the parish and barony
of Burrishoole, union of Westport, county of Mayo,
and province of CoNNAiGnT. It lies in Newport bay,
and comprises 15^ statute acres.
ROSS, a village, in the parish of Kilballyowen,
union of Kilrush, barony of Moyarta, county of
Clare, and province of Mcnster ; containing 184 in-
habitants.
ROSS, a parish, in the union of Ballinrobe.
barony of Ross, county of Galway, and prosince of
Co.NNAUGHT, 3 miles (W. by N.) from Cong, on the road
to Connemara and the sea at Killery bay ; containing
4804 inhabitants. This parish, which was formerly
known also bv the name of Faghery, forms, together
ROSS
ROSS
with the adjoining parish of Cong, the narrow isthmus
which separates the extensive loughs Corrib and Masii ;
and comprises 59,651:5; statute acres. About two-fifths
of the land are rough mountain pasture, all of which by
judicious treatment could be reclaimed and rendered
available for agricultural purposes ; one-fifth waste ;
one-fifth bog ; and the remainder, with the exception of
about 500 acres of wood, good arable land in a profit-
able state of cultivation. Great quantities of oats raised
here are sold at Clonlur, in this parish, where a market
is held on Saturday, and fairs for general farming stock
on Feb. 1st, March 17th, July 1st, and Sept. 1st. A
small market for corn is also held at Fairhill during the
season. A few of the inhabitants are occupied in spin-
ning flax and woollen-yarn for their own use. Lumber-
boats are employed on Lough Mask in carrying turf,
timber, grain, and other agricultural produce of the
parish, to Gahvay ; and a communication with the sea
and the KiUery harbours affords great facility of con-
veyance. In the mountain of Glanlosh is a slate-quarry,
but not worked at present.
The only seats are, Ross Hill, the property of the Earl
of Leitrim ; Petersburgh ; and Benlevy Lodge. Near
the head of Lough Corrib, which is navigable to the
neighbourhood of Gahvay, is the Corrib hotel, situated
at 5laam, among the mountains, at the foot of Noneen
IMore, at the entrance of Joyces' Country and the Kil-
leries, and commanding a beautiful view of the pictu-
resque scenery in this very romantic district. Ross is
a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, forming
part of the union of Kilmolara ; the tithe rent-charge is
£3'2'2. 10. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is the head of a district, comprising also part of the
parish of Cong ; this union is sometimes called Feara,
and contains three chapels, two at Ross and one at
Cong. A monastery for Conventual Franciscans was
founded in 1431, and was reformed by the Observan-
tines in 14*0. There are some remains of Castle Kirk,
on the island of that name in Lough Corrib ; and near
the house of Ross Hill are the ruins of an ancient church
and a burial-ground, called by the people in the neigh-
bourhood Russ the Faghery, to distinguish the place
from the abbey of Ross near Headford, which is called
Russ Rela.
ROSS (NEW), an inland
port, a borough and market
town, a parish, and the head
of a union, in the barony of
Bantry, county of Wex-
1^) FORD, and province of Lein-
STER, 191 miles (W. by N.)
from Wexford, and "Of (S.
S. W.) from Dublin ; on the
road from Wexford to W^a-
ferford, and on the eastern
bank of the river of Ross,
sometimes called the Barrow ;
containing 9141 inhabitants, of whom 7133 are in the
town. With the suburb of Rossbercon, in the county
of Kilkenny, 7453 are within the town. Colgan states
that St. Abban built a great monastery, now called Ross-
mactreoin, on the banks of the Barrow, and that this
monastery in process of time gave rise to a noble and
ancient city, formerly called Rossglas, and subsequently
Rossmactrium or Rossmactreoin ; the magnitude and
4S8
Seal.
age of which were demonstrated by the ruins and walls
remaining in his time (about 16'20). Camden says that
the town was founded by Isabella, daughter of Strong-
bow and consort of William le Mareschal, afterwards
Earl of Pembroke, who held it in right of his wife. The
charter granted to it by Roger Bigod, in the reign of
Edward I., directs that the provost, when elected,
should be presented to him and his heirs at the castle
of Old Ross, or, in case of absence, to their seneschal in
the town of New Ross ; thus shewing the pre-existence
of the town. It afterwards acquired the name of Ross-
ponte or Rosspontum, from the circumstance of a bridge
having been built over the river here.
Its situation on a navigable river, in the heart of a
fertile country, soon rendered it populous and wealthy.
The same circumstances, however, exposed it to the
predatory incursions of the neighbouring chieftains, to
defend themsehes from which the townsmen, in 1^69,
when they were grievously harassed by a feud between
the Fitzmaurices and the De Burgos, resolved to secure
the town by a wall. So anxious were they to accom-
plish this undertaking, that not only did the whole of
the male population work by turns in companies, but
many of the young women also aided in it ; to com-
memorate which, a strong tower or gate called Maiden
Tower was erected eastward in the town, as a prison ex-
clusively for persons guilty of offences against females.
The walls inclosed a circuit of a mile ; and at that
period the town coiild array for its defence, 363 cross-
bow men, 1'200 long-bow archers, 3000 pikemen, and
104 horsemen, a number of fighting men equal to its
entire male population at present. In the reign of
Edward I. the town was laid under an interdict by the
Pope, in consequence of the inhabitants having destroyed
a house of the Crutched friars on account of the alleged
profligacy of one of its members. Another proof of its
early importance may be adduced from the attempts
made by the people of Waterford to deprive it of the
privileges of a trading-port. The controversy, which
commenced so early as the reign of Henry HI., was
finally decided in favour of Ross by a decree of the
English court of chancery in the reign of Edward III.
In 1469 the town was partially burned by Donald
Fuscus, then head of the Mac Murroughs or Kavanaghs ;
and the inhabitants afterwards suffered so much from
repeated occurrences of acts of lawless violence, that, in
14S3, they procured an act of parliament, empov\ering
them to '■ reprize" themselves against robbers, and
further enacting that no person should alienate his
freehold in the town without the consent of the provost
and council. The latter provision leads to the inference,
that these acts of aggression were producing the effect
of driving the wealthier and more respectable part of
the population out of the town. This inference is con-
firmed by the preamble of a charter of Richard HI.,
which describes the place as being so reduced by this
cause to extreme poverty and misery, as to be nearly
depopulated. Another charter allows the inhabitants
to treat and make truce with the Irish enemies, and to
sell them provisions, even in time of war.
In the war of 1641 the town, which was then held for
the Irish, was besieged by the Duke of Ormonde, who,
attempting to storm it through a practicable breach, was
driven back with considerable loss and forced to raise
the siege. Immediately after, the battle of Kilrush was
ROSS
U OS S
fought in the neighbourhood, in which the Duke ob-
tained a signal victory, and the Irish in their flight
broke down the bridge of Ross to prevent his pursuit.
On the arrival of Cromwell in 1649, Ormonde, after
garrisoning Wexford, threw himself into this town,
which he also supplied with the means of defence.
Cromwell, having taken the former town, invested Ross,
which, notwithstanding the duke's precautionary mea-
sures for its defence, surrendered without resistance
upon articles, and its fortifications were immediately
dismantled. The gate through which his troops entered
was afterwards called Three-Bullet gate, instead of its
former name, Bewley-gate, from the circumstance of
three cannon-shot fired against it having been the signal
for demanding a surrender : the shot were found a few
years after in the walls of the gateway, and are in the
possession of Joseph Deane, Esq., of Stokestown.
During the disturbances of 1*98, the town was the
scene of a most sanguinary conflict between the king's
troops and the insurgents, the latter of whom, after ten
hours' severe fighting, during which they had possession
of part of the town for some time, were ultimately de-
feated with great slaughter. Lord Mountjoy, who com-
manded the county of Dublin militia, was killed at the
Three-Bullet gate during the engagement.
The TOWN is beautifully situated on the side of a hill
declining so precipitously to the Ross river (formed by
the Nore and Barrow, which unite about one mile to
the north,) as to render the communication between
the upper and lower parts extremely inconvenient.
Some of the principal streets run nearly parallel with
the river, and are intersected by others at right angles ;
minor streets and lanes diverge from these in several
directions: the total number of houses is 11*3. The
place is well supplied with water; the streets are lighted
with gas by contract under the Municipal Commissioners.
The general appearance of the town for some years did
not indicate an increase of prosperity, a circumstance
attributed to the difficulty of obtaining land on leases of
sufficient duration to encourage building; but witliin
the last few years there has been a visible improvement,
several new houses having been built. The want of a
bridge, after the destruction of the old one in 1643,
was supplied by a ferry until the latter part of the
last century, when a company incorporated by act of
parliament raised a sum of £11, "200, by means of
shares ; and a bridge was constructed by Mr. E. Co.x,
the architect of Londonderry, Watcrford, and 'Wexford
bridges, of American oak. Its length, including a
causeway of fifty yards on the Kilkenny side of the
river, is 508 feet, and it is 40 feet broad ; it rests on 24
sets of piers, and has a drawbridge to admit the pas-
sage of large vessels into the part of the river above
the town. The bridge was much injured by a severe
frost in 1814; the footways were consequently re-
moved, and have not since been replaced. The tolls,
which are let annually, produce on an average £S00
per annum. This bridge connects the town with the
village of Rossbercon, formerly a borough of itself, but
now included within the electoral boundary of New
Ross. A quay extends from the end of the bridge,
nearly a quarter of a mile, along the eastern side of the
river. On the site of an ancient church in a retired
part of the town, is a cavalry barrack, a plain build-
ing containing accommodation for 3 officers, 5'2 men.
Vol. II.— 439
and 44 horses. There is also a constabulary police
station.
The markets are held on Wednesday and Saturday ;
the latter is the principal, and is well supplied with
provisions, at moderate prices. Fairs are held on Jan.
10th, Feb. lOth, March 17th, Easter-Monday, May .'Jrd,
Whit-Monday, June 10th, July 10th, Aug. 10th, Sept.
lOth, Oct. 18th, Nov. 10th, and Dec. 8th. The new
corn-market, erected in 1818, is an inclosure nearly
50 yards square, with a range of slated sheds along
each side, twelve feet deep, opening into the central
space by a series of arches ; the entrances are by large
gates to the north and south, contiguous to the former
of which is a house for the offices of the clerk-of-the-
market. As, however, the use of this market has not
been made compulsory on the farmers, they still adhere
to the old custom of carrying on their dealings in the
open street. The meat-market, a brick inclosure near
the centre of the town, containing 25 stalls, was origi-
nally erected in 1749, and was rebuilt by Mr. John
French, burgess, in 1831. There are an extensive
brewery in the town, and a distillery in Rossbercon.
Formerly a profitable fishery, chiefly for salmon, was
carried on in small boats called cots ; each cot employ-
ing two nets and four men : it has latterly declined
considerably, the cause of which is said to be, in a great
measure, the erection of Scotch weirs lower down the
river.
Ross was an independent port until about 20 years
since, when it was made a branch to Waterford ; but,
though independent, it was closed against all foreign
produce from 1786 to 1832, when the port was re-
opened by an order from the Lords of the Treasury.
In 1S40 it again became independent; and a bonded
store for tea and other imports has been recently
opened. The town is well situated for trade ; the river
being navigable up to it at high tides for vessels of 500
or 600 tons burthen, and for those of 200 at low water :
barges can ascend the stream to Athy, where there is a
branch of the Grand Canal. The principal export trade
is in grain, flour, live stock, bacon, and butter : the
gross estimated value of the exports in a recent year
was £59,074, whereof £47,280 were for corn, meal, and
flour, £3556 provisions, £4143 live stock, and the re-
mainder various unenuraerated articles. Porter, ale,
and beer are sent to Newfoundland, whence fish and
oil are received in return ; a considerable trade in
timber is carried on with British America, resulting
from the system of emigration from this port, which
for several years has been very considerable. Coal, culm,
and slates are imported from Wales. The gross esti-
mated value of the imports in a recent year was £28,007,
whereof £18,012 were in coal, £660 iron, £530 hides,
tallow, 8;c., £1827 tea and sugar, £2848 wine, and the
remainder unenumerated articles. There is a transit
trade to Waterford ; and Kilkenny coal is brought in
barges to Ross, where it is shipped for other parts.
The town obtained its first charter from Roger Bigod,
Earl of Norfolk and marshal of England, in the reign
of Edward I. ; pri\ ileges w ere then conferred upon it
as extensive as those enjoyed by the burgesses of any
town in Leinster, and it was made a free port. These
rights were confirmed by a number of successive charters
from subsequent kings till the reign of James I., whose
grant was, at the dissolution of the corporate body by
3 R
ROSS
act 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. 108, considered to be the
ruling charter. A subsequent charter of James II.,
though still in existence, was not considered of any
validity. The style of the corporation was " the
Sovereign and Free Burgesses of New Ross." The
sovereign was chosen from among the burgesses : he
and the burgesses elected the new burgesses, who held
office for life ; as also che recorder, who held for life or
years at pleasure ; two bailiffs, the senior of whom,
styled " Bailiff receiver," presided in an inferior court
which decided pleas under 404-. ; two coroners, besides
the sovereign and his deputy, who were coroners ex-
officio ; and other inferior officers. The recorder had
no salary or other emolument ; and the town court
under the charter having before the passing of the act
of Victoria been discontinued, his only advantage in
right of his office was his being (as well as the sove-
reign) a justice of peace for the county of Wexford.
Ross is one of the towns named in the New Rules of
Charles II., which required that the elections of the
chief magistrate, recorder, and town-clerk should be
approved of by the Lord-Lieutenant and Privy Council.
The sovereign and burgesses might admit freemen at
pleasure, but no claim of right was allowed. By the
charter of James I. the liberties were extended a mile
in every direction beyond its ancient limits, with the
exception of the castle and lauds of Mountgarret. The
lands of the late corporation amount to about 400
acres, let for £180 per annum ; and the government is
now vested in Municipal Commissioners.
New Ross first returned members in 13/4, and con-
tinued to send two till the Union, when the number
was reduced to one, which has been continued under
the act of the Snd of William IV., cap. 88. The number
of electors in 1845, was 277, of whom 270 were £10
householders, and 7 freemen. The electoral boundary
is much more limited than that of the borough under
its charter, on the Wexford side ; but includes the
village of Rossbercon, on the Kilkenny side of the
river. The court-house, in which the business of the
Town Commissioners is transacted, is a handsome struc-
ture of hewn granite, erected in 1810, at the angle
formed by two of the principal streets ; it is built on
piers with arches springing from them and surmounted
by a tower and cupola : the area within the piers was
originally intended for a corn-market, but being found
too confined for the trade of the town, it has been used
for the sale of leather. The Easter and Michaelmas
sessions for the district are held in the town, and petty-
sessions once a fortnight ; the sessions-house, completed
in 1832 at an expense of £1334, defrayed by the county,
forms a neat building ; the bridewell comprises two
day-rooms, seven cells, and two airing-yards, and is in
very good order.
The entire parish of St. Mary's, New Ross, contains
4922 statute acres. The environs of the town are em-
bellished with many elegant seats and fine demesnes,
among which are, Oaklands ; Talbot Hall, the seat of
the Talbot family ; Macmurrough, part of an estate
which was the property of Dermod Mac Murrough,
King of Leinster ; Woodville ; Maryville ; Stokestown ;
and Roseniount. The approaches to the town from the
north and east have been much improved by the for-
mation of two roads, by which the steep ascents from
those points are avoided. The living is a vicarage, in
490
ROSS
the diocese of Ferns, united by act of council, in I768,
with the rectories of St. Mary's Old Ross, Carnagh,
Tulleraght, Ballyane, and Clonleigh, and the impropriate
cures of Kilscanlan and Ballybrazill, the whole form-
ing the union of New Ross, in the patronage of the
Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in the corporation
of Kilkenny. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£247. 13., two-thirds payable to the corporation, and
one-third to the vicar : the whole tithe of the benefice
of the incumbent is £864. 13. In the town are a few
scattered plots of building-ground, called glebes, none
of which, however, are of sufficient size for the site of
a glebe-house and offices. The church, dedicated to
St. Mary, is a light and commodious edifice, rebuilt on
part of the site of the former edifice, in 1813, at a cost
of £6000, partly a loan from the late Board of First
Fruits, and the remainder raised by subscription : it
stands in a very conspicuous situation on the side of
the bill ; the tower, on which a spire was intended to
be built, is rather low. The building contains an organ,
presented by the late corporation ; and in the chancel
are three handsome mural monuments, to the memory
of the father of the late Charles Tottenham, Esq., and
two of his family. A neat free church, or chapel of
ease, has been erected by subscription at the southern
end of the town, on a site presented by Charles Totten-
ham, Esq., of Ballycurry. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is co-extensive with St. Mary's
parish, including the town and its suburbs on the
eastern side of the river : the chapel, in South-street,
is a spacious and elegant structure with large pointed
windows and faced with granite. A chapel belonging
to a community of Augustinian friars, consisting of four
members, stands on the hill, near the site of an ancient
friary of the same order : and on the summit of the
hill, overlooking the town, is a convent of Carmelite
nuns, a branch of that at Ranelagh, Dublin, which was
founded here in 1817, and has also a neat chapel. The
Wesleyan Methodists, the Primitive Methodists, and
the Society of Friends have each a place of worship ;
and a society denominating themselves simply Christian
Brethren have a neat place of worship erected by sub-
scription, in Priory-lane.
The Grammar School was founded in 1713 by Sir John
Ivory, Knight, who bequeathed his mansion, offices, and
gardens to the corporation and the vicar of St. Mary's,
in trust, for the maintenance of a master to instruct four
poor boys, the sons of members of the Established Church,
in Latin and Greek. The school-house is a handsome
and commodious building, re-erected with suitable offices,
in 1791, at the expense of the corporation, and is capable
of accommodating a considerable number of boarders
and day-scholars. The school of the Friends of Educa-
tion, built in 1799 by subscription, consists of a central
structure and two wings, containing schools for each
sex and apartments for the teachers ; it is aided by a
legacy of £3. 3. per annum by the late Mrs. Paul, and
another of £10 per annum Irish, chargeable on a farm
called Creken, during the existing lease, bequeathed by
the late Mr. John Hughes. An infants' school, capable
of affording instruction to 100 children, has been esta-
blished in connexion with this school. Contiguous to
the Roman Catholic chapel are spacious school-rooms
for 300 boys, who are instructed on the Lancasterian
plan ; and the ladies of the Carmelite convent superin-
ROSS
ROSS
tend a large female school, which receives an annual
grant of £'25 from the Board of National Education.
The CHARITABLE institutions are numerous. The
Trinity Hospital, founded by a bequest of Thomas
Gregory, and incorporated by Queen Elizabeth, consists
of six houses in Priory-street for the accommodation of
14 poor women, each of whom has two rooms and an
annual allowance of £18. The Fever Hospital, founded
by H. Houghton, of Ballyane, Esq., and completed by
his widow in 1809, is built in an airy and commanding
situation : the infirmary for chronic diseases was built
by grand jury presentment in 18'20. A dispensary
is attached to the fever hospital ; and the three institu-
tions are under the management of a committee of 12
Protestants and I'i Catholics, of which the Protestant
vicar of St. Mary's and the parish priest, being in right
of their offices trustees to the bequest, are always mem-
ber.s. The funds arise from a rent-charge of £300 per
annum on the Ballyane estate, the bequest of the
founder ; £5 per annum bequeathed by Mrs. Paul ;
four bridge debentures, value £'20 per annum, by the
late C. Tottenham, Esq. ; two bridge debentures, value
£10 per annum, by the late Misses Cliffe, of Bath ; and
subscriptions : the average annual expenditure of the
whole institution is £7*0. The I'icar's Almshouse
provides lodging and sustenance for three Protestant
widows, from an endowment from the glebe of £5. 16.
per annum, a legacy of £10 per annum from C. Tot-
tenham, Esq., and another of £5 per annum from the
late Lord Callan. The Lying-in Hospital, founded in
1809, has accommodations for six patients ; and a re-
pository, opened in 180.5 to supply poor married women
during the period of their confinement with suitable
comforts and attendance, is supported by the sale of
ladies' work presented to the society. The Charitable
Loan, instituted in 1809, for advancing sums of from
one to five pounds, free of interest, to industrious
tradesmen and artisans, has issued nearly 10,000 loans
without suffering any loss. The Leslie Comfort Loan,
for the similar purpose of loans not to exceed one guinea
each, arose from donations of £100 each from Colonel
Leslie and William VVigram, Esq., to the corporation,
on being elected its representatives. A Dorcas Society,
supported by the work of ladies, provides clothing for
the poor, to whom it is sold at a reduced price, pay-
ment being made by small instalments. There is a
Lending Library kept in the building of the Friends of
Education. A Temperance Society, said to be the first
of these valuable institutions established in Europe, was
founded in 18'29, and owes much to the exertions of
the Rev. G. W. Carr, well known in London and else-
where as the eloquent advocate of these societies. A
Bible Society was established here in 1804; and a
second public librarv', called the Rumsey Lending Library,
and consisting of religious books which are lent free of
charge, was instituted by a grant of money to the Rev.
G. 'V^^ Carr by Mrs. Rumsey, wife of Dr. Rumsey, of
Amersham, Bucks. The Bequests to the poor in general
are, £400 Irish in the 3^ per cents, from Archdeacon
Curtis, of which i is given to the poor of Old Ross,
and the remainder to those of New Ross ; £10 per
annum Irish from Colonel Barth. Elliott, to be equally
divided among Protestants and Roman Catholics ; and
£16 annually from Major Anthony Cliffe, to be dis-
tributed at Christmas. The Union Workhouse, on a site
491
of 10 acres, partly purchased for £1.'')0, and held at a
rent of £46 per annum, was completed in 1842, and is
constructed for 900 inmates.
The vestiges of ancient buildings or monuments are
but few. The walls of a convent of Minorites, founded
by Sir John Devereux on the site of the house of
Crutched Friars destroyed by the people, were pulled
down in 1732, with the exception of a large red pillar
supposed to have been erected in commemoration of the
sanguinary act of the townsmen : in a garden on its site
were found some sepulchral stones sc\ilptured with
crosses, and bearing inscriptions in Norman French.
The walls of the chancel and transepts of the old parish
church, commonly called Christ Church, and which was
originally the conventual church of St. Saviour, are in
a state of tolerable preservation, affording a good speci-
men of the style of the 13th century. One of the five
town gates is still standing : it is called the Bishop's
gate, and retains proofs of former magnificence ; it had
a portcullis, and the roof of the archway is very delicately
groined : Priory or South gate and the Three-Bullet
gate have been lately taken down. The only other re-
mains of the walls are, a small fragment near the site of
the South gate, and part of an oval tower near the site
of the Three-Bullet gate. About a mile from the town,
within the bounds of its liberties, but exempt from its
ancient corporate jurisdiction, is a square tower or keep
of moderate dimensions, the remains of Mountgarret
Castle, from which a branch of the noble family of
Butler derives its title. In the town were standing,
within the memory of some of the present inhabitants,
the ruins of a fortress called Mulgrave Castle, from which
the family of Phipps derives the title of Baron Mulgrave
of New Ross. The town itself gives the title of Earl to
the Parsons family.
ROSS (OLD), or St. Mary's, Old Ross, a parish,
in the union of New Ross, barony of Bantry, county
of 'Wexford, and province of Leinster, 35 miles (E.)
from New Ross, on the old road to Wexford ; contain-
ing 2571 inhabitants. The situation of the castle built
in this parish by Strongbow, or his daughter Isabella,
on an extensive tract of elevated meadow land, which
in Wales is called Rhos or Ros, is supposed to have
been the origin of its name. When this castle was com-
pleted, the residence of Dermod Mac Murrough, King
of Leinster (in a valley called the Island, on the bank of
the Barrow, and from its unprotected situation much
exposed to the assaults of the neighbouring septs), was
abandoned by Strongbow, who had succeeded to that
king's possessions. The superior advantages, however,
both as to security and commerce, afforded by New
Ross on the Barrow, where a castle was afterwards
built, led to the rapid and irrecoverable decay of this
place. The parish comprises 10,653 acres, chiefly
under tillage, and of which a portion was set out in
farms of 40 acres each to part of a colony introduced
from Germany by the late Mrs. Ram. The inhabitants
are remarkable for the comfort and neatne.'^s of their
domestic arrangements. The soil is in general light ;
agriculture is in a state of high improvement. The
colonized property, which is peculiarly designated Old
Ross, has been purchased by Lord Carew. Palace, a
neat villa, recently much enlarged and improved, occu-
pies the site of a seat originally belonging to one of the
chieftains of the country ; its fosse, and part of the
3 R2
ROSS
walls, were in existence within the memory of persons
now living. The parish is in the diocese of Ferns and
is a rectory, forming part of the union of St. Mary's,
New Ross : the tithe rent-charge is £391. 15. The old
church having been destroyed by the insurgents in 1*98,
a plain building without tower or spire was erected in
its stead. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is within the district of Cushinstown, in the parish of
Carnagh, where the chapel is situated. The parochial
school has apartments for the master, with an acre of
land attached ; Lord Carew contributes £5 annually
and the rector £'Z towards its maintenance. John
Hughes, of Craken, in this parish, bequeathed £10 per
anaum late currency to the poor during the remainder
of the term of his lease of Ballylane, on which it is
charged. Of the ancient castle of Ross, the only trace
now e.\isting is the artificial mound on which some part
of it stood.
ROSS, Diocese of. — See Rosscarbery.
ROSSAGH, county Cork. — See Doneraile.
ROSSBERCON, or Rossibercon, a parish, in the
union of New Ross, barony of Ida, county of Kil-
kenny, and province of Leinster, on the western side
of the river Barrow, and adjoining the town of New
Ross; containing 1538 inhabitants, of whom 410 are in
the village. A monastery, dedicated to the Assumption
of the Virgin INIary, was founded by the families of
Grace and Walsh, and here Friars-preachers were first
introduced in 1267 : at the Reformation it was granted
to John Parker. The ruins are extensive and pictu-
resque, comprising chiefly the lofty tower of the church,
resting on four pointed arches, and the south wall of an
aisle, containing five arches and ten windows. At an
early period Rossbercon had a charter, by which it was
constituted a distinct borough, with nearly the same pri-
vileges as New Ross, which town, however, completely
out rivalled it ; and it is now included within the electoral
limits of that borough.
The parish is situated on the eastern confines of the
county, and comprises '2674| statute acres. The village
consists of 68 houses, and is properly a suburb of New
Ross, with which it is connected by a wooden bridge
over the river Barrow : here is an extensive tannery,
and it is a chief constabulary police station. Fairs are
held on Easter-Monday, May 3rd and 23rd, Whit-Mon-
day, Aug. 10th, and Oct. 5th and 18th ; and petty-ses-
sions once a fortnight. The living is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Ossory, episcopally united, by act of
council, in 1686, to the vicarages of Dysertmore, Shan-
baugh, Ballygurrum, Kilmackevoge and Rathpatrick,
together forming the union of Rossbercon, till lately in
the patronage of the corporation of Waterford, in which
the rectory is impropriate : at the next avoidance, Rath-
patrick, which is about a mile distant from the other
parishes, is to be united to Kilculliheen. The tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £74. 10., two-thirds payable
to the impropriators, and one-third to the vicar ; the
entire tithe of the benefice of the vicar is £283. 5. The
glebes of the union comprise 21 acres: the glebe-house
was erected in 1812, by aid of a gift of £450, and a
loan of £88, from the late Board of First Fruits. The
church, the chancel of the abbey, is in good repair. In
the Roman Cathohc divisions the parish is the head of
a district, comprising this parish, Shanbaugh, Dysert-
more, and Listerling, in each of which is a chapel.
49-2
ROSS
ROSSCARBERY, a market and post town, a parish,
and the seat of the diocese of Ross, in the union of
Skibbereen, partly in the barony of Ibane and Bar-
ryroe, and partly in the Western division of the barony
of East Carbery, county of Cork, and province of
MuNSTER, 32 miles (S. W.) from Cork, and 158 (S. W.)
from Dublin, on the road from Cork to Skibbereen ;
containing 8839 inhabitants, of whom 1530 are in the
town. This town is noticed in ancient ecclesiastical re-
cords under the appellation of Ross Alithri, signifying
in the Irish language "the Field of Pilgrims :" it is in
other records called Ross Elihir and Ylider ; and, from
its situation in the barony of Carbery, takes its present
name Rosscarbery, to distinguish it from the town of
Ross, in the county of Wexford. The place appears to
have acquired great celebrity from the reputed sanctity
of St. Faughnan, Abbot of Moelanfaidh, in the county
of Waterford, who flourished in the early part of the
6th centurj^ and founded an abbey at this place, over
which he presided till his death. This abbey, under his
successors, became a seat of learning, much resorted to
by families from the south-west of Ireland ; and num-
bered among its scholars St. Finchad, a celebrated dis-
ciple of St. Finbarr. The exact date of its foundation is
not ascertained ; nor is it known whether the monastery
was of the Augustine or Benedictine order, though at
one time it belonged to the latter, and was subject to
the Benedictine abbey of St. James without the walls of
the city of Wurtzburgh, in Germany. A town gradually
rose around the monastery, which Hanmer, in his
Chronicle of Ireland, describes as a walled city, and
which subsequently became the seat of a diocese ; but
in the wars of the M'Carties, O'Driscols, and other Irish
septs, the walls were thrown down, and a great part of
the town was destroyed. At the time of the English
invasion the place was much decayed ; all the lands,
except such as belonged to the bishop, were then granted
to Fitz-Stephen, by whom they were afterwards assigned
to Adam de Roches. King John, on petition of the
Bishop, granted the inhabitants of " Ross Lehir" a char-
ter of incorporation, with very ample privileges ; but no
particulars of its municipal government are recorded.
The castle, which was in the possession of the insur-
gents early in the parliamentary war, was taken from
them by Colonel Myn, in 1643, but was finally sur-
rendered to the parliamentary forces in 1652. In the
war of the Revolution it was garrisoned by the Irish
forces of James II., commanded by General M'Carty,
and was reconnoitred by a detachment of English troops,
who, considering its reduction impracticable, made
themselves masters of a neighbouring fort and proceeded
to Tralee.
The TOWN, which is wholly within the Western divi-
sion of East Carbery, is situated on the southern coast,
at the head of an extensive creek called Ross harbour,
and occupies the summit of a gentle eminence ; it con-
sists principally of a square and four small streets,
containing 297 houses, mostly of indifferent appearance,
and retains few vestiges of its ancient importance. The
manufacture of coarse linen was formerly carried on to
a very considerable extent, but has latterly greatly di-
minished, and the inhabitants are chiefly employed in
agriculture and in fishing. Near the town are extensive
flour-mills, in which more than 5000 barrels of fine
flour are annually made. The harbour, situated about
ROSS
R O S S
lialf a mile to the west of Dundcdy Head, occasionally
affords shelter to small vessels, but only in moderate
weather ; the entrance is nearly dry at low water, and
at high water it is rocky and dangerous, especially when
the wind is from the sea. On the bar are ten feet at
high water of spring, and eight feet at neap, tides. The
harbour itself is almost useles.s, from a ridge of sand-
hills, which has accumulated nearly to the height of 1'2
feet and extends across the entrance, leaving only a
chaimel a few yards in breadth on the west side, through
which the tide rushes with rapidity. The inner bay,
which is more than a mile in length and about half a
mile broad, is, on the receding of the tide, a dry firm
sand, and might be reclaimed at a moderate e.xpense.
A new line of road has been carried across the bay by a
raised causeway 400 yards long, connected with the
main land by a bridge at its western extremity. The bay
is celebrated for the great numbers of silver-eels which
are taken in it during the summer months. The market
is on Wednesday, but is indifferently supplied ; and
fairs are held on Aug. 26th, and the 19th of Sept. and
Dec. : the market-house is an old building in the centre
of the square. A constabulary police force is stationed
here ; and at Milk Cove is a coast-guard station, one
of the three that constitute the district of Skibbereen.
Petty-sessions are held every Wednesday, and a court
for the manor of Ross every three weeks, at which
latter debts not exceeding 40i-. are recoverable. The
court-house is a very neat building ; adjoining it is the
|)olice barrack.
The See of Ross had its origin in the foundation of
the monastery by St. Faughnan or Fachnan, surnamed
Mongach or "the Hairy ;" the church of which, accord-
ing to the best authorities, became the cathedral of the
diocese in the 6th century, and its founder the first
bishop. St. Fachnan was succeeded by St. Ftnchad ;
but neither of him nor of his successors, with the ex-
ception of Doiigal Mac Folact, whom Flaherty makes
the 'i'th Bishop of Ross, is any thing recorded prior
to the arrival of the English. Since that period there
has been, with little intermission, a regular succession
of bishops, the first of whom, Daniel, was consecrated
by authority of Pope Celestine at Rome, and succeeded
to the prelacy in 1197. But having obtained the see
by forged letters alleged to have been from the Irish
bishops, an inquiry was instituted ; and he was deprived
by Pope Innocent III., by whose order Florence, who
had been canonically elected, was confirmed by apostolic
authority in 1210. During the prelacy of Matthew
O'Fm, who presided over the see from isiO till 1330,
several of its possessions, which had been unjustly
usurped by Thomas Barret and Philip de Carew, were
recovered by default ; but the crown thinking the re-
covery had been made by collusion, to avoid the statute
of Mortmain, ordered an inquest to be held, which de-
cided, however, in favour of the bishop. In 13*7 the
see was vacant, and the custos was fined 100 marks for
not appearing upon summons at the parhament held at
Castledermot. Thomas O'Herlihy, who succeeded in
1.563, assisted, with Donat, Bishop of Raphoe, and Eu-
gene, Bishop of Achonry, at the council of Trent in
that year. He was succeeded by Jfllliam Lyon, during
whose prelacy the see was united by Queen Elizabeth to
that of Cork, with which it has ever since continued ;
and with which, under the provisions of the Church
493
Temporalities act, it was, on the death of Dr. Brinkley
in Sept. 1&35, united to the see of Cloyne, now the
bishopric of Cloyne, Cork, and Ross. The temporalities
became vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
Ross is one of the dioceses that constitute the ecclesi-
astical province of Dublin, and is wholly within the
county of Cork, comprising an estimated superficies of
124,000 acres. The possessions of the see comprise
8179 statute acres of profitable land; and the gross
annual revenue of the bishop, on an average of three
years ending Dec. 31st, 1831, amounted to £1715. 17-
The chapter consists of a dean, precentor, chancellor,
treasurer, archdeacon, and the prebendaries of Timo-
league, Inchydony, Curragrainemore, Donoughmore, and
Templebryan ; there is also one vicar-choral. The in-
come of the deanery amounted, before the passing of
the Rent-charge act, to £91 per annum, arising from
the ploughland of Ardagh, containing 23S acres ; houses
and gardens in the town of Rosscarbery ; and the rec-
torial tithes of the parish of Desert : that of the precen-
torship amounted to £'205, the rent of '237 acres of land
in the parish of Rosscarbery ; that of the chancellor-
ship to £11. 1., the rent of the lands of Gahaniffmore,
in the parish of Rathbarry, containing 178 acres ; and
that of the treasurership to £63, arising from the plough-
land of Tinned, in Rosscarbery, containing 210^ acres.
The consistorial court is held at Cork. The total num-
ber of parishes in the diocese is 33, comprised within 26
benefices, of which 5 are unions of two or more parishes,
and 21 single parishes; one benefice is in the alternate
patronage of the Crown and the Bishop, 20 in the pa-
tronage of the Bishop, and the remainder in lay patron-
age. The number of churches is about 20 ; and there
are nine schoolrooms or other houses licensed by the
bishop, in which divine service is performed ; and 1 1
glebe-houses. The cathedral church, which from time
immemorial has been also used as the parish church,
was rebuilt in 1612; it was a handsome structure, in
the later English style, with a lofty square tower, which
in 1806 was surmounted with an octagonal spire of
hewn limestone, at an expense of £964 : the church has
just been rebuilt, on an enlarged scale by the addition
of a south transept, which renders it perfectly cruciform.
The entrance on the south is by a fine Norman arch ;
and above the western door is a lofty window of three
lights, enriched with tracery. The nave is separated
from the choir by a stone skreen ; the choir has a large
and handsome window at the east end; the north and
south aisles are lighted with square-headed windows
enriched with tracery ; and the whole bears the charac-
ter of uniformity. The economy fund of the cathedral
amovmts to £419. 1. 8. per annum, arising from the
tithe of the parishes of Rosscarbery, Kilkerranm:;re,
Rathbarry, Kilfaughnabeg, and Kilmacabea.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the diocese is united
with that of Cloyne, forming the bishopric of Cloyne
and Ross ; the diocese differs in extent from the Pro-
testant diocese, by excluding the barony of Bere, which
forms part of the Roman Catholic diocese of Kerry. It
comprises 12 parochial benefices, or unions, and contains
21 chapels, which are served by 24 clergymen, of whom,
including the bishop, 13 are parish priests, and 11 co-
adjutors or curates.
The parish comprises 13,350 statute acres; about
three-fourths of the land are arable, and the remainder.
ROSS
with the exception of a portion of bog and waste, is iu
pasture. The surface is very uneven, rising in some
parts into hills of considerable elevation. The soil,
though light, is fertile ; but, except on the lands of
some resident gentlemen who have adopted every im-
provement in husbandry and the use of the best farming
implements, the system of agriculture is in a very back-
ward state : much of the land is cultivated by the spade,
and manure is carried to the field on the backs of horses.
A large slate-quarry has been opened, of which, how-
ever, the produce is much inferior to English slate ; and
copper-ore and manganese abound in almost every part,
but no efficient means are employed to work them to ad-
vantage. The principal seats are Cahirmore, Derry, Castle
Downecn, Milleeu, Millfield, Farley Cottage, and The
Hill. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ross,
partly appropriate to the vicar-choral, and partly to the
dean and chapter in trust for the economy fund of the
cathedral : the tithe rent-charge is £.58'2. 14. 6., of
which £3'25. 10. 9. are payable to the vicar-choral, and
the remainder to the dean and chapter. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also part of the parishes of Kilfaughnabeg
and Kilkerranmore, and containing two chapels ; one at
Ardagh, near the tow^n, a handsome edifice, erected in
1S20 at the head of the bay, on a site surrounded by
rocks and plantations ; and the other at Lissavord,
three miles distant. The Rev. S. Jervois, in 1786, be-
queathed £400, the interest of which is annually divided
among the Protestant poor, and £10 annually, which is
paid as apprentice fees with the most deserving boy and
girl in the Sunday school. The Rev. T. Hoare, the
vicar-chora), has also given by deed £500, the interest
of which is divided among the most necessitous poor of
the parish.
On an island which was once joined to the main land
are the ruins of Downeen Castle ; and at Ballyvoureen
are the remains of an ancient house in the Elizabethan
style, formerly the residence of the Coppinger family.
At Temple Faughnan, about a mile and a half from the
town, stand the ruins of a house erected by the Knights
Templars in 1301, and modernised in 171'2. Adjoining
the town are the remains of the abbey founded by St.
Faughnan : the side walls of the choir of the church,
rudely built of unhewn stone, are still standing; on the
south side are the remains of a circular arch, and ad-
joining the ruin is the tomb of the Rev. J. Power, who
died in 1S31. The place is much resorted to by pilgrims.
In the south wall of the cathedral is an old carved head,
said to be that of St. Faughnan. Banduflt Castle, built
by the O'Donovans, and afterwards called Castle Salem,
was an extensive building with a walled park and more
than 300 acres of oak wood, all now destroyed. In the
grounds of Tinned are the remains of a cromlech. The
Rev. Horace Townsend, author of the Statistical Survey
of the Countij of Cork, is resident at Derry, in this
parish.
ROSSDROIT, a parish, in the union of Ennis-
couTHY, barony of Bantry, county of Wexford, and
province of Leinster, 4 miles (W. S. W.) from Ennis-
corthy, which is the post town, on the road to New
Ross; containing 2'2,58 inhabitants. This parish and
that of Templescobin, both formerly belonging to the
abbeyof Timolin, were by letters-patent granted in I6l9
to Henry Perse, Esq., at a small annual rent. They
494
ROSS
were forfeited to the Crown by Peirse Butler, Esq., in
1641 ; and in 166* were incorporated, and assigned,
under the Act of Settlement, to the incumbent of Ross-
droit, otherwise Templescobin, at the annual rent of
£]. 11. 3|. In 1806 the townlands of Clohass and
Scobin were separated from Rossdroit, and constituted
a distinct parish, under the name of Templescobin, u-hich
see. The parish, which is supposed to derive part of
its name from a bridge over a small stream falling into
the river Boro near the village of Clough, comprises
Sl66:| statute acres, chiefly under tillage; the soil is
light, and the state of agriculture is improving, but
limestone for manure is not to be obtained nearer than
Enniscorthy. At Ballyhighland, on the border of the
parish, is a lead-mine, which was worked about 30 years
since ; it was lately re-opened by a mining company,
but was again closed in the spring of 1845. Fairs for
cattle are held at Moneyhore on the 25th of Feb.,
March, and May, on Oct. 2nd, and Dec. 7th ; four of
these are held by patent, for which a fee of 15s. per
annum is paid to the crown by Wm. Conlan, Esq., of
Dublin.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, and in
the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£439. 14. per annum, and there is a glebe of 20 acres
subject to a rent of 2l5. per acre. The glebe- house is a
substantial and commodious mansion, towards the erec-
tion of which the late Board of First Fruits, in 1814,
granted £100 as a gift, and £6*5 as a loan. The church
is a neat edifice, built in 1795, when the same Board
contributed £500. The original tower, being in a dan-
gerous state, was taken down a few years since, and a
new tower erected at the expense of the parishioners ;
the granite quoins used in its construction were brought
from the ruins of the Franciscan friary at Enniscorthy.
The church has been lately repaired, the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners having granted £223 for that purpose.
Adjoining it are the ruins of the ancient edifice. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Davidstown, comprising also the parishes of
St. John and Templescobin, and that part of Clonmore
called the " Quarter of Clough," and containing the
chapels of Davidstown and Courtnacuddy, both in this
parish : the former is a neat building. At Ballybane is
a school under the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity,
who allow the master £20 per annum, with a contingent
gratuity of £5 : the school-house is built on a piece of
ground presented by the late S. Ram, Esq., containing
two acres.
ROSSDUFF, a parish, in the barony of Gaultier,
union and county of Waterford, and province of
MuNSTER; containing 111 inhabitants. This small
parish is situated upon the harbour of Waterford, and
comprises only 197 statute acres. It was a rectory, in
the diocese of Waterford, forming part of the union
of Killare, now suppressed : the tithe rent-charge is
£7. 10.
ROSSES (UPPER and LOWER), two villages in
the parish of Drumcliffe, barony of Lower Carbery,
union and county of Sligo, and province of Con-
naught, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Sligo; the former
containing 155 inhabitants. They are situated on the
peninsula that separates the pool of Sligo from the bay
of Drumcliffe. On the shore of the former are several
bathing- lodges for the accommodation of visiters during
ROSS
the season ; and in the vicinity is the race-course of
Boniore.
ROSSINVER, a parish, in the union of Sligo,
jjartly in the Lower half-barony of Carbery, county of
Sligo, but chiefly in that of Rossclogher, county of
Leitrim, and province of Connaugut, 5^ miles (S.S.W.)
from Ballyshannon, on the road to Manor-Hamilton ;
containing 14,841 inhabitants. The parish is situated
at the northern extremity of the county, where it touches
the bay of Donegal ; and comprises 56,767 statute acres.
The land in the southern part is principally in pasture,
and some successful attempts at irrigation have been
made : towards the sea it is more generally under til-
lage ; the soil is tolerably fertile, and the system of
agriculture is improving. Limestone is found in the
mountains, and freestone in the lower lands. The
scenery is diversified, and from some of the higher
grounds are numerous interesting views, combining fea-
tures of much grandeur. Woodville House is a hand-
some mansion, in a highly cultivated demesne embellished
with e.xtensive and thriving plantations ; and near the
small village of TuUaghan, on the sea-shore, are several
seats and pleasing villas. On Lough Melvin is Mount
Prospect, beautifully situated and commanding some
fine views ; about a mile from Kinlough is Brook Hill,
romantically situated under the brow of the mountain;
and one mile farther is Glenade House, the handsome
residence of the family of Tottenham. Lough Melvin is
a beautiful sheet of water, studded with picturesque
islands, and celebrated for the gillaroo trout, which is
found here in abundance. The river Drowse, flowing
from the lake into the sea, and separating this county
from that of Donegal, abounds with salmon of choice
quality, which is in season during the whole of the year.
Fairs are held at Kinlough on the 6th of every month ;
and at Tullaghan, in May, Aug., Nov., and Dec. : a fair
is held at Moague on the 1st of July ; and petty-sessions
at Kinlough on alternate Mondays.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is
partly appropriate to the see, and partly impropriate in
the family of Wynne. The tithe rent-charge is £337. 10.,
of which £105 are payable to the bishop, £105 to the
impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar : the glebe,
situated in the parish of Killasnet, six miles distant,
comprises 3'20 acres, valued at £170 per annum. The
church, for the rebuilding of which the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners lately granted £807, is a neat plain edi-
fice. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms
the three separate benefices of Kinlough, Glenade, and
Ballaghameehan, in each of which is a chapel. There
are slight vestiges of Dungarbery Castle, an extensive
building, erected by Isabel Clancy in the reign of Eliza-
beth, within a quarter of a mile from the sea ; one gable
end with an arched doorway remains. On an island in
Lough Melvin are the remains of the castle of Ross-
clogher ; and on the eastern shore are the ruins of the
ancient church of Rossinver, supposed to have been
that of the nunnery of Doiremcll, founded by St. Tiger-
uach for his mother, St. Mella. At Keelogues are the
ruins of an old church ; and at Conwell is a cemetery,
still used by the Roman Catholics as a burial-place. On
the Oakfield estate is a mineral spring ; there is another
at Tullaghan ; and about a mile from the latter is a
sulphureous spring in much repute.
495
11 () S S
ROSSLARE, a parish, in the barony of Forth,
union and county of Wexford, and province of Lei.n-
STER, 7 miles (S. E. by S.) from Wexford ; containing
976 inhabitants. This parish, which is peninsular, is
situated on the eastern side of Wexford harbour, its
northern extremity forming the southern side of the
entrance to the harbour. It comprises 1744 statute
acres of well-cultivated land, exclusive of an extensive
rabbit-burrow, or sand-bank, a portion of which has
been inclosed within the last few years. In 1814 an
English company expended nearly £30,000 in attempt-
ing to reclaim a large tract of land from the harbour ;
but just as the inclosure was completed, the tide, during
a heavy gale of wind, made a breach in the embank-
ment ; and the company having exhausted their funds,
and being unable to repair the damage, James Boyd,
Esq., lord of the manor, took possession of it. He
succeeded in reclaiming '200 statute acres (about one-
fourth of the tract originally embanked), which are now
in cultivation, and have produced good crops of corn :
it is considered that the remainder of the tract might
still be reclaimed, at a comparatively small expense.
In excavating for the drains, a number of the roots and
stems of oak-trees, and several antlers, were discovered ;
similar remains have been found in a small bog. Marl
abounds, and, together with sea-weed, is used for
manure. W^ith a view to afford employment for chil-
dren, a quantity of the sea-weed called alga marina was
lately collected, and, after its saline properties had
been extracted, was sent to Dublin and Liverpool for
making mattresses and cushions : it is still occasionally
collected.
A considerable herring-fishery is carried on in Ross-
lare bay, in which about 30 boats belonging to this
place are engaged during the season ; these are joined
by boats from Kilmore and other places. There is also
a promising salmon-fishery, established in 1S45; and
Rosslare has of late become a place of great resort for
bathing. A new road, about two miles in length, has
been made from Rathdowney Point towards the southern
part of the peninsula, cutting off a considerable angle of
the old road from Wexford. On its extreme northern
point is situated the coast-guard station called Rosslare
Fort, a quadrangular range of buildings, containing ten
houses, being the chief of the five stations comprised in
the Wexford district. Near the fort is the pilot-station
of the Wexford Quay Corporation ; the establishment
consists of 14 pilots, and an oflicer or chief pilot : three
of the former are generally in attendance on the quay at
Wexford. Rosslare House, the residence of James
Boyd, Esq., is a handsome mansion, commanding an
extensive and diversified prospect of the town, bridge,
and shipping of Wexford, and of several seats and
plantations in the vicinity : it is surrounded by a plan-
tation of evergreens, which; notwithstanding the sandy
soil and its proximity to the sea, is in a flourishing con-
dition : twenty years since, there was not a single tree
at Rosslare. Near iSIr. Boyd's mansion is the neat resi-
dence of Nathaniel Vicary, Esq., also surrounded by a
thriving plantation of evergreens.
The parish is in the diocese of Ferns, and is a rectory
and vicarage, forming part of the union of Kilscoran
(also called the union of Tacumshane) and corps of
the chancellorship of Ferns : the tithe rent-charge is
£144. 6. 3., and there is a glebe of about | of an acre.
ROSS
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the district of Tagoat, and has a neat chapel at that
village, uhlch see. A school-house was erected, and the
school for a time supported as a seminary for literary
instruction, by Mr. Boyd, aided by the subscriptions of
some other gentlemen ; it is now used solely as a place
for teaching needlework. The ruins of the church still
exist : those of an ancient chapel at Rosslare, called St.
Breoch's, or St. Bridget's, were taken down some years
since.
ROSSLEA, or Royslea, a village, in that part of
the parish of Clones which is in the barony of Clon-
KELLY, union of Clo.nes, county of Fermanagh, and
province of Ulster, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Clones,
and on the road from Lisnaskea to Monaghan ; con-
taining 414 inhabitants. The place is romantically
situated near the celebrated mountain of Carnmore, in
a fine meadow district, several townlands of which are
rich pasture land, especially those of Lisnabrack and
Salloo, where vast numbers of o.xen are annually fed for
the English market. The village consists of one irre-
gularly built street, containing 79 houses, and is con-
nected with the new line of road on the mountain from
Enniskillen to Belfast by a bridge over the river Fin.
In the vicinity is Lake View, a beautiful villa, overlook-
ing the lake of Island Hill and commanding a fine view
of several other small lakes in the neighbourhood ; it is
surrounded with grounds tastefully laid out and richly
embellished. There is a flax- mill. Fairs are held on
the 8th of every month ; a constabulary police force is
stationed here, and petty- sessions and manorial courts
are held in the court-house, a neat building in the centre
of the village. The Roman Catholic chapel of Rosslea
is a very handsome edifice of stone, with a tower and
campanile turret : the interior is highly embellished ;
the windows are enriched with stained glass, and over
the altar-piece is a fine painting. Carnmore mountain
is of lofty elevation, rising 1034 feet above the sea, and
abounds with wild and romantic scenery : from its
summit are seen .'?'2 lakes, including Lough Erne ; and
its deep glens are inhabited by a numerous class of
peasantry, of singular habits, and great originality of
character.
ROSSLEE, a parish, in the union of Castlebar,
barony of Carra, county of Mayo, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, 6 miles (S. S. E.) from Castlebar, on the
road to HoUymount ; containing 1283 inhabitants, and
comprising 3700i statute acres. The land is chiefly in
pasture and under tillage ; there is but little bog.
Rosslee is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Tuam, forming part of the union of Balla : the tithe
rent-charge is £60. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Balla. At Clogher
Lucas are the ruins of an old castle.
ROSSMANOGUE, a parish, in the union and barony
of GoREY, county of Wexford, and province of Lein-
STER, .5 miles (N. E.) from Ferns; containing 1425 in-
habitants. This parish, which is situated on the river
Bann, and is skirted by the high road from Camolin to
Carnesv, comprises 4549 statute acres, chiefly in tillage :
on its border is a small red bog. It is a rectory, in the
diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union and corps of
the prebend of Tomb in the cathedral of Ferns : the
tithe rent-charge is £123. IS. 6. ; and there is a glebe
gf 7 acres. The church is in ruins. In the Roman
ROSS
Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Camolin ; the chapel is at Craneford, and adjoining it
is a residence for the priest. The late Right Hon.
George Ogle, of Bellevue, author of " Molly Asthore"
and other admired ballads, received the earlier part of
his education under the Rev. Mr. Millar, then rector of
this parish.
ROSSMERE, RossMiRE, or Rossmore, a parish,
partly in the barony of DECiES-without-DRUM, but
chiefly in that of Upperthird, union and county of
Waterford, and province of Munster ; containing,
with the post-town of Kilmacthomas (which is sepa-
rately described), 2866 inhabitants. It forms a narrow
slip of land, separating the portions of the original
Upperthird barony ; and comprises 8161 statute acres.
Within its limits, at Newtown, on the confines of the
three baronies of Upperthird, Middlethird, and Decies-
without-Drum, it was designed to build a new town, of
which the streets were marked out and paved ; but only
a few houses were built, and these have since mostly
gone to ruin. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lis-
more, and in the patronage of the Duke of Devonshire,
in whom the rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent-
charge is £375, of which £225 are payable to the im-
propriator, and the remainder to the vicar. The church
is a modern structure, towards the erection of which the
late Board of First Fruits granted a loan of £750 ; and
there is a Roman Catholic chapel.
ROSSMORE, an island, in the parish and barony of
BuRRisHOOLE, uuion of Westport, county of Mayo,
and province of Connaught; lying in Clew bay, and
comprising 77^ statute acres.
ROSSNOWLOUGH, an ecclesiastical district, in the
union of Ballyshannon, barony of Tyrhugh, county
of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (N. W.)
from Ballyshannon, on the west of the road to Donegal,
and on the sea coast ; containing about 1006 inhabitants.
In the year 1830, nine townlands, comprising 2403|
statute acres, were separated from the parish of Drum-
holm, and constituted the ecclesiastical district parish
of Rossnowlough. It is a perpetual curacy, in the
diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage of the Vicar of
Drumholm : the gross value of the benefice is £108. 8.,
of which £75 are paid by the vicar, and £25 from Pri-
mate Boulter's fund; the remainder is the annual value
of the glebe. The church was erected in 1831, by aid
of a gift of £800 from the late Board of First Fruits. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is in the dis-
trict of Drumholm. About 360 children are educated
in six public schools, of which one is supported by the
trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, one from Colonel
Robertson's endowment, and the remainder chiefly by
subscription. There are also two Sunday schools.
ROSSORY, a parish, partly in the barony of Glen-
awley, but chiefly in that of Magheraboy', union of
Enniskillen, county of Fermanagh, and province of
Ulster ; containing, with part of the suburbs of Ennis-
killen, 3846 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated
on the shores of Lough Erne, and on the roads leading
respectively from Enniskillen to Sligo and Ballyshannon,
comprises, according to the Ordnance survey, 7654
statute acres, of which 2302^ are in the barony of Glen-
awley, and 535 If in Magheraboy : about 494 acres are
water, and by far the greater portion of the remainder
is meadow and pasture. The land is of good quality.
R O S T
ROST
and that portion of it which is under tillage is in a state
(if profitable cultivation : there is a moderate proportion
of bog, and limestone is quarried for agricultural pur-
jioses and also for repairing the roads ; the system of
agriculture is much improved, and there is no waste
land.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Clogher, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe-
rent-charge is £180. The glebe-house, a handsome
residence, was erected at an expense of £1 10", the late
Board of First Fruits granting £3'2;5 and a loan of
£461 ; the glebe comprises 78 acres, valued at £136. 10.
per annum. The church was lately rebuilt at a cost of
£1810, of which £1460 were from the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Enniskillen. At
Portora, within the limits of the parish, is the Royal
endowed school of Enniskillen, a handsome building,
erected at an expense of £4000. The interest of a
bequest of £50 by Mrs. Noble is annually divided
among twelve aged women. A very ancient religious
foundation appears to have subsisted here, upon the
.-site of which, Lisgoole Abbey was afterwards founded
for Canons Regular by Mac Noellus Mackenleff, King of
Ulster, about the year 1106. This establishment was
destroyed by fire in 1360; and in the reign of Henry
VIII., having fallen into ruin, it was surrendered by
the last abbot to Maguire, tanist of Fermanagh, by
whom it was assigned to the Franciscans, and the
abbey rebuilt as a place of sepulture for the principal
families of that country : at the Dissolution it was
granted to Sir John Davies. Here is a sulphureous
spring in great repute.
ROSSTRUNK, an island, in the parish and barony
of BuRRiSHOOLE, union of Westport, county of Mayo,
and province of Connaught, 4 miles (\V.) from New-
port. This small island, which is situated in Clew bay,
and affords tolerable pasturage, is chiefly remarkable
for its well-sheltered harbour, which has good ground
for nearly a square mile, with two or three fathoms.
There is excellent anchorage, especially for small vessels,
which may go farther up the bay to Newport and Bur-
rishoole.
ROSTELLAN, a parish, in the union of Midleton,
barony of Imokilly, county of Cork, and province of
Minster, 3 miles (S.W.) from Cloyne ; containing
1110 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on
the eastern shore of Cork harbour, comprises 22.JS sta-
tute acres. The land is generally good, being in a lime-
stone vale ; about one half is under tillage, and the
other in pasture and demesne : the system of agricul-
ture is greatly improved, under the spirited example
and encouragement given by the Marquess of Thomond,
whose farm is one of the best cultivated and most pro-
ductive in the county. Rostellan Castle, the seat of
that nobleman, is an elegant mansion on the margin of
the harbour, over which it commands extensive and
pleasing views ; and is situated in a highly cultivated
demesne, comprehending one-third of the parish, and
richly embellished with woods and plantation.*. The
grounds are arranged with great taste, are for nearly
two miles skirted by the waters of Rostellan bay, and
are diversified with rural and picturesque houses of the
farming steward, gardeners, and others connected with
the management of the farm. The flower-gardens con-
VoL. II. — 197
tain a fine selection of the choicest plants and flowers.
Here are the Rostellan mills for making starch from
potatoes.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Cloyne, formerly a part of the union of Aghada, from
which, on the demise of Dr. Brinkley in 183.5, it was
separated and made a distinct benefice, in the patron-
age of the Crown. The tithe rent-( harge is £'216. 5. 6. :
the glebe, at Kilteskin, for which the old glebe, now-
forming part of the demesne of Rostellan Castle, was
exchanged, comprises 47 acres. The parishioners at-
tend divine service at Aghada or Cloyne. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Aghada ; there is a small chapel at Ballin-
rostig. The ancient castle of Rostellan was, during the
parliamentary war, surrendered to Lord Inchiquin in
1645, but was afterwards retaken by Lord Castlehaven,
who also made prisoners Lord Inchiquin's brother and
Colonel Courtenay, who had been sent to demolis-h it.
Near the demesne is a holy well much venerated by the
peasantry, and an ash-tree is literally covered with
their offerings to the patron saint ; not far distant is a
stone on which is sculptured a rude representation of
the Crucifixion ; and within the demesne are some
limestone rocks, in which are capacious natural caverns,
with stalactites depending from the roof.
ROSTREVOR, or Rosetrevor, a sea-port and
post town, in the parish of Kilbroney, union of Kil-
KEEL, barony of Uim'er Iveagh, county of Down, and
province of Ulster, * miles (E. by S.) from Newry, and
57 (N.) from Dublin ; containing 683 inhabitants.
This place was anciently called Castle Roe or Rory,
from its original founder, Rory, one of the family of the
Magennises, lords of Iveagh, of whose baronial castle,
subsequently occupied by the Trevor family, there are
still some remains near the town; it derived its pre-
sent appellation from Rose, youngest daughter of Sir
Marmaduke Whitchurch, after whose marriage with
Trevor, Viscount Dungannon, the family seat, Iveagh
Castle, was invariably called Rosetrevor. The town is
beautifully situated in a cove of Carlingford lough, at
the western termination of the Morne mountains, and
contains 134 houses, which are large and handsomely
built. The streets are wide and open, and the whole
place has a cheerful and attractive appearance. The
air is salubrious ; and the town is very desirable as a
residence, from its fine situation on a gentle eminence
sheltered by mountains on the north, south, and east,
and open on the west to Carlingford bay, the shores of
which are richly planted and embellished with numerous
seats, handsome villas, and picturesque cottages. An
act was passed in July, 1846, for the construction of a
railway to Warrenpoint and Newry.
The port is principally frequented by fishing-boats,
for whose accommodation there is a small quay, from
which is a walk nearly a mile in length, thickly shaded
with trees ; and on the side of the mountain is a stone
of very large dimensions, called Cloughmorne, which is
visited for the very extensive and beautiful prospect it
commands. Between this place and Warrenpoint, in
Carlingford lough, is a large extent of soft ground, on
which are two fathoms of water, where vessels frequent-
ing the port of Newry lie at their moorings. In the
vicinity of the town are some salt-works. Fairs are
held on Shrove-Tuesday, Aug. 1st, Sept. 19th, Nov. 1st,
3 S
R OU N
ROY A
and Dec. 11th. The parish church, a cruciform edifice
with a lofty embattled tower crowned with pinnacles, is
situated in the principal street ; and near it is a neat
Roman Catholic chapel, with a campanile turret. Here
are handsome school-houses, with residences for the
masters and mistresses ; the schools are supported by
Mrs. Ross and Mrs. Balfour. There are some remains of
Castle Roe and Greencastle, and of the old churches of
Kilbroney and Killowen ; and near the town is a monu-
mental obelisk, erected to the memory of General Ross,
who fell iu a battle near Baltimore, in America, while
leading on the British troops to the victory which they
obtained on the l'2th of Sept., 1814; on the four sides
of the pedestal are recorded the principal engagements
in which that gallant officer bore a conspicuous part.
ROSTURK.— See Rosstrunk.
ROUGHFORT, a village, in the parish of Temple-
PATRiCK, barony of Lower Belfast, county of An-
trim, and province of Ulster; containing about 195
inhabitants. Fairs are held on May 31st and Nov.
29th.
ROUNDHILL, a village, in the parish of Ballymo-
DAN, union of Bandon, barony of Kinalmeaky, county
of Cork, and province of Munster ; containing 254
inhabitants.
ROUNDSTONE, a village, in the parish of Moyrus,
union of Clifden, barony of Ballynahinch, county
of Galway, and province of Connaught ; containing
396 inhabitants.
ROUNDTOWN, a village, in the parish of Rath-
farnham, union of South Dublin, barony of Rath-
down, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster,
■i^ miles (S.) from the General Post-office : the popu-
lation is 1048. The place takes its name from the
arrangement of its cottages in the form of a circle ; it
is neat, and pleasantly situated, and forms a pleasing
feature in the environs of the metropoUs, to which it
has a receiving-house for letters. In the immediate
vicinity are numerous handsome seats and elegant villas.
Bushy Park, the seat of Sir Robert Shaw, Bart., is a
spacious mansion of brick, situated in an ample de-
mesne tastefully embellished, and commanding some
views of mountain scenery. Fortfield, the admired re-
sidence of the late Rt. Hon. Sir W. M^Mahon, Bart.,
master of the rolls, is pleasingly situated in grounds
beautifully ornamented and comprehending much
scenery of interest. Kimmage. the seat of the Rt. Hon.
F. Shaw, recorder of Dublin, is a handsome mansion in
the ancient English style, also in a demesne highly cul-
tivated. Terenure is remarkable for the picturesque
beauty of its grounds, embellished with stately timber
of many varieties, and its gardens laid out with great
taste and comprehending a rich selection of choice
plants and flowers. In the demesne and gardens are
numerous varieties of orange-trees, ash, elm, horse-
chesnut, holly, and hawthorn, and more than 1750 dif-
ferent kinds of rose-trees ; the conservatories and hot-
houses contain upwards of 12,000 square feet of glass,
and the whole is arranged in the most perfect order,
and preserved with the greatest care. The other seats,
more or less distinguished for beauty of situation and
variety of scenery, are St. John's, Mountain View,
Westbourne Lodge, Ashfield, Bessborough, &c.
ROUNDWOOD, or Togher, a village, in the pa-
rish of Derralossory, union of Rathdrum, barony
of Ballinacor, county of Wicklow, and province of
Leinster, 4^ miles (\V. S. W.) from Newtown -Mount-
Kennedy, and on the road from Dublin to the Seven
Churches : the population is returned w ith the parish.
The extensive tract of table-land on which this place is
situated is watered by the river Vartrey, a fine trout-
stream, and is separated from Lough Dan only by the
mountains of Carrigroe and Slieve Buck. From a pro-
jecting point of Slieve Buck the lake is seen in its full
extent of about 160 plantation acres, supplied by
a stream from Mount Tay, and another from the moun-
tains to the west. The lake forms a graceful curve in
the centre of a wildly romantic district ; the lofty
mountains which rise precipitously from its waters en-
wrap it in continual gloom, and add much to the strik-
ing solemnity of its appearance. Bog-trout, grey-trout,
and char are found in abundance; in winter its waters
overspread the low lands in the neighbourhood, and, on
returning to their bed, leave large trunks of oak-trees
exposed on the surface of the land. Lead-ore is to be
obtained on the shores of the lake, and mines were for-
merly worked there. The village contains 19 houses,
neatly built ; and is much frequented by strangers and
visiters from Dublin, for its beautiful mountain scenery,
and its proximity to Lough Daii, Glendalough, and
Luggelaw, which last is described under the head of
Calary. A little above it is Roundwood Park, a plea-
sant residence, the grounds of which are tastefully laid
out and planted ; and near the shore of Lough Dan is
Lake Park, which, with others, is more particularly
noticed in the article on Derralossory. There are a
good inn in the village, and some smaller houses for
the accommodation of visiters. Fairs are held on Jan.
3rd for cattle, March 8th for frieze, March 14th for
cattle, and May 19th, July 26th, Aug. 1st, and Sept.
5th and 19th, for frieze. A constabulary police force is
stationed here ; there is a neat Roman Catholic chapel
belonging to the union of Glendalough, and a school is
supported by subscription.
ROWER, or Roar, a parish, in the union of New
Ross, barony of Ida, county of Kilkenny, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Inistioge ; con-
taining 37/6 inhabitants. This parish, which is also
called Rochar, is situated at the confluence of the rivers
Nore and Barrow ; forming a tongue of land extending
five miles iu length from north to south, by about three
in breadth; and comprising 10,758 statute acres, of
which about 1000 consist of mountain, and a small
portion of bog. Within its limits are, Ringwood, the
seat of Lord CUfden ; and an ancient residence of the
Bolger family, in whose demesne, on the water's edge,
is a romantic and richly wooded spot, called Ballyna-
barna, near which is the picturesque cascade of the
Clodagh, noticed in the article on Cloneamera. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory,
and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-
charge is £420. The church is a plain building. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Inistioge, and contains two chapels. The
ruined castle of Coolkill, said to have belonged to the
Butler family, still exists; and there are several broken
cromlechs in the vicinity of Ballynabarna.
ROYAL-OAK, a village, in the parish of Killi-
NANE, barony of Idrone West, union and county of
Carlow, and province of Leinster, 1 mile (S. W.) from
R IT S II
R U T L
Bagnalstown, and on the road from Dublin to Carlow ;
containing 293 inhabitants. This place is situated on
the river Barrow, which is here crossed by a bridge ;
and derives its name from an old and well-known inn
in its vicinity, established previously to the erection of
the village.
ROYSLEA.— See Rosslea.
RUAN, an ancient parish, in the union of Ennis,
barony of Inchiquin, county of Clare, and province
of MuNSTER ; containing '26'24 inhabitants, and com-
prising 10,744 statute acres. — See Dysert.
RUSH, a small sea-port and fishing town, in the
parish of Li'Sk, union and barony of Balrothery,
county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 6 miles
(N.E.) from Swords, and I3A (N. byE.) from Dublin;
containing 1603 inhabitants. This town, which is situ-
ated on the eastern coast, contains 338 houses, chiefly
inhabited by fishermen; and has, since the I6th cen-
tury, been celebrated for the great quantities of ling
which are taken and cured by the inhabitants. Pre-
viously to the discontinuance of the bounties, 22 boats
were employed in this fishery ; but the number has been
reduced to 16, of about 40 tons each, carrying seven or
eight men. The harbour is difficult of access, and
adapted only for small vessels ; the channel has from
seven to eight feet depth at low wafer, and is much ex-
posed to a heavy swell during the prevalence of winds
from the north-east. A small pier has been erected on
a ledge of rock extending into the sea and covered on
the north side by a reef of rocks ; it affords good accom-
modation to the vessels employed in the fishery. The
sands are celebrated for early potatoes, which are pro-
duced in abundance. On the south side of the bay, and
to the east of the pier, are beds of fine compact lime-
stone and black slate-clay and conglomerate limestone
alternating. A coast-guard station has been established
here, forming one of the nine which constitute the dis-
trict of Swords ; a constabulary police force is stationed
in the town, and there is a martello tower on the beach.
A patent exists for fairs on May 1st and Sept. SQth, but
they are not held. The parish church is three miles
distant ; and therefore, for the accommodation of the
town, divine service is performed once every Sunday in
the parochial schoolroom, a large and commodious
building, in which are a lending library and a depository
of bibles. In the Roman Catholic divisions the town
forms the head of a union, including also Lambay island
and part of the adjoining districts ; there are chapels at
Rush and on Lambay Island. The former was built
about HO years since, and an embattled tower sur-
mounted with a cross was added to it in 1833, by sub-
scription ; the interior is well fitted up, and has a carved
altar-piece brought from France. Adjoining is the resi-
dence of the parish priest, built in 1823 by subscription,
to which the late Mrs. Palmer, of Rush House, largely
contributed, also giving an acre and a half of land for a
site. A dispensary in the town is supported in the
usual manner.
About half a mile from the town is Rush House, now
called Kenure Park, formerly the residence of the great
Duke of Ormonde, and subsequently of Sir Henry Echlin,
Bart., from whom it was purchased by an ancestor of
Sir Roger Palmer, Bart., its present proprietor. The
mansion is spacious and handsome, and contains many
good apartments, a collection of valuable paintings by
499
the first masters, and some vases and other relics from
the remains of Pompeii, collected by the late Mr. Palmer
when in Italy. The demesne is richly embellished with
stately timber, and commands some interesting views,
embracing the town of Rush, Lambay Island, and a great
expanse of sea ; within the grounds are the picturesque
ruins of Kenure church, in which is a large tomb in-
scribed to the memory of George, fourth baron of
Strabane, who died in 1668. Near these ruins are the
remains of an ancient castle, a holy well dedicated to
St. Catherine, and part of an ancient cross.
RUSHEEN, an island, in the parish of Kilcommon,
union of Ballina, barony of Erris, county of Mayo,
and province of Connalght ; situated off the western
coast, and comprising 4 statute acres.
RUSKEY, or Rooskey, a market and post town, in
the union of Mohill, partly in that portion of the parish
of Mohill which is in the barony of Mohill and
county of Leitrim, but chiefly in the parish of Tar-
MONDARRY, barouy of North Ballintobber, county
of Roscommon, and province of Connaught, 7y miles
(N.byW.) from Longford, and 66i (W. N.W.) from
Dublin, on the road to Sligo : the population is 330.
This improving place is situated on the river Shannon,
over which is a bridge connecting the counties of Lei-
trim and Longford (which here unite) with the county
of Roscommon. It participates in the general trade of
the river, and has a market on Wednesday, which is well
attended : the fairs, now discontinued, were among the
principal that were held on the Leitrim side of the river.
A constabulary police force is stationed here, and petty-
sessions are held on alternate Thursdays. The parish
church of Tarmonbarry is situated in the town, and
there is a Roman Catholic chapel for the district of
Ruskey.
RUSSAGH, Meath. — See Clonabreny.
RUSSAGH, a parish, in the union of Granard,
barony of Moygoish, county of Westmeath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4i miles (S. E.) from Edgeworths-
town, and on the road from Dublin to Sligo ; containing
665 inhabitants. This parish, which extends on the
south to the river Inny, and includes the small lake of
Lough Gar or Cappa, comprises 2568 statute acres,
which, exclusive of a portion of bog, are in general good
land and chiefly under tillage. The soil is fertile, and
the system of agriculture improving ; limestone abounds,
and is quarried for agricultural purposes : there are also
quarries of black flagstone of very fine quality. The
living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardagh, and in the
patronage of the Bishop : the rectory is impropriate in
Major Bond, and the tithe rent-charge is £65, of which
£42 are payable to the impropriator, and tlie remainder
to the bishop ; the glebe comprises 14 acres, valued at
£21. 14. per annuniT There is no church, but divine
service is performed in a private house licensed by the
bishop. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
the head of a district, comprising also the parish of
Rathaspick ; the chapel for the district is situated near
the village of Rathowen. There are some remains of
the church, with its cemetery ; and some Danish raths,
and mineral springs.
RUTLAND, an island, in the parish of Temple-
croan, union of Glenties, barony of Boylagh, county
of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 18 miles (N.)
from Narin : the population is 125. This island,
3S2
S A G G
anciently called Innismacdurn, received its present
name from its proprietor, an ancestor of the Marquess
Conyngham, in compliment to Charles, Duke of Rut-
land, who was at the time lord-lieutenant of Ireland.
At the period of Pynnar's survey here was a small old
castle with a bawn, where a few English families had
settled. The isle is situated off the north-western coast,
forming one of the group of islands called the Rosses,
and contains 313 statute acres, chiefly rocky and coarse
mountain land, with a considerable quantity of bog.
The harbour is narrow, and fit only for small vessels.
The inhabitants, in each of the years 17S4 and 1/85,
realised £40,000 from the herring-fishery off the coast ;
and the great abundance of herrings found at that time
induced Colonel Conyngham to expend £50,000 in
building houses and stores and forming a town here,
and in constructing roads through the mountains on
the coast to the champaign country in the interior.
From that period, however, the fishery began to de-
cline ; in 1793 it entirely failed ; and though it after-
wards began to revive, it never regained its former
prosperity. The females are employed in knitting
coarse yarn-stockings. On the I6th of September,
1798, James Napper Tandy landed here from the French
brig Anacreon from Brest, with three boats full of offi-
cers and men, accompanied by General Rey and Colonel
Blackwell ; but after remaining for a day and a night,
hearing that the French who had landed at Kilcummin
had surrendered and been made prisoners, they re-em-
barked. On the island is a coast-guard station, forming
one of the seven that constitute the district of Dunfa-
naghy ; a dispensary is maintained in the usual way.
SAGGARD, or Tassaggard, a parish, in the poor-
law union of Celbridge, barony of Newcastle, county
of Dublin, and province of Leinster, I mile (E. by S.)
from Rathcoole, and on the roads leading from Dublin
to Blessington and Naas ; containing 1646 inhabitants,
of whom '260 are in the \ illage. This parish comprises
4453 statute acres : the surface is mountainous, but the
lower grounds are in good cultivation; hmestone is
quarried, and the mountains abound with peat. The
\illage is pleasantly situated near the Tallaght hills,
and contains 46 houses, neatly built. The manufacture
of paper is carried on in mills at Swift's Brook, where
was formerly a residence <if Dean Swift ; and fairs are
held on Corpus Christi day, Oct. 10th, and Nov. 8th.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Dublin, and in
the patronage of the Archbishop, partly appropriate to
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and partly constituting
the corps of the prebend of Saggard in the cathedral of
St. Patrick. The tithe rent-charge is £187.10., of
which £S2. 10. are payable to the commissioners, and
the remainder to the prebendary. The church has long
been in ruins, and the parishioners attend the church of
Rathcoole ; the churchyard, however, is still used as a
burial-place. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
500
SAIN
parishes of Newcastle and Rathcoole, and part of the
parish of Tallaght : there are chapels at Saggard and
Newcastle ; on the west side of the former is a monu-
ment of marble to the Rev. A. Hart, P.P., and dean of
Maynooth, with his effigy in bas-relief. A monastery is
said to have been founded here by St. Mosacre, who
flourished about the middle of the 7th century, but
there is no further record of it ; perhaps it was de-
stroyed in 1131, when this place was ravaged by the
septs of the Byrnes and O'Tooles.
SAINTFIELD, or Tonaghnieve, a post-town and
parish, in the union of Lisburn, barony of Upper
Castlereagh, county of Down, and province of Ul-
ster, 9 miles (N. W.) from Downpatrick, and 785 (N.
by E.) from Dublin, at the termination of the coach-road
branching from Dromore, by way of Ballinahinch ; con-
taining 7156 inhabitants, of whom 909 are in the town.
It consists of one long street intersected by a shorter
one, comprising 183 houses, the greater number of which
are built of stone and slated. At this place the first
battle was fought in the north of Ireland during the
disturbances of 1798, on June 9th, when the York Fen-
cibles were beaten back, and retreated to Cumber. The
proprietor and lord of the manor, N. Price, Esq., im-
proved the town in 1802, when he erected a large mar-
ket-house and hotel. According to the Ordnance survey,
the parish comprises 13,333f statute acres, 280 of which
are roads and waste, and 118 bog; the land is generally
good, and nearly all arable. Here is a chief constabu-
lary police station : a manor court is held every third
Saturday in the court-house, at which debts to the
amount of £10 are recoverable; petty-sessions are also
held in the court-house on alternate Tuesdays. Mr.
Price gave premiums for the encouragement of a market
and fairs, so that they rank amongst the best in the
north of Ireland ; the market is held every Monday,
and the fairs take place on Jan. 26th, the second Thurs-
day (O. S.) in Feb. and March, the third Thursday in
April and May, June 26th, July 30th, Aug. 26th, the
third Thursday in Sept., Oct. 26th, the third Thurs-
day in Nov., and the Thursday after Christmas. The
principal seats are, Saintfield House, the elegant resi-
dence of the family of Price, situated on elevated ground
near the town ; Mill House ; and the glebe-house : there
are several excellent farmhouses.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Down, and
in the alternate patronage of the Earl of Carrick and
Viscount Bangor ; the rectory is impropriate in the pro-
prietors of the soil, and the tithe rent-charge is £459. 1. 8.,
of which £131. 15. are payable to Viscount Bangor,
£110. 6. to Mr. Price, £6. 18. 6. to Lord Dufferin, and
the remainder to the vicar. The glebe comprises 10^
acres, valued at £25. 6. per annum ; the glebe-house is
a large and handsome building, erected in 1750 at the
expense of the then incumbent. The church, in the
town, is a large structure in the early English style, with
a square tower. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising this parish
and that of Killinchy, in each of which is a chapel. The
parochial school, in the town, was built by Mr. Price,
and endowed by him with an acre of land ; a female
school, built by subscription, is partially supported by
the vicar ; and there are other public schools. Hutche-
son, the author of a work on Moral Philosophy, was a
native of the parish.
SALT
S A N D
SALEEN. — See Binghamstown.
SALLINS, a village, partly in the parish of Naas,
but chiefly in that of Bodenstown, barony of North
Naas, union of Naas, county of Kildare, and province
of Lf.inster, li mile (N. W.) from Naas ; containing
392 inhabitants. It is situated on the Grand Canal, and
is the third stage for the canal-packets plying from
Dublin ; it is also a constabulary police station.
SALLYBROOK, a village, in the parish of Rath-
cooNEY, union of Cork, barony and county of Cork,
province of Munster ; containing 450 inhabitants.
SALTEE ISLANDS, in the barony of Bargy, union
and county of We-vford, and province of Leinster.
These islands, consisting of the Great and Little Saltce,
are situated in St. George's Channel, off the coast of the
parish of Kilmore, in lat. 52° 8' 30" (N.), and Ion. 6° 41'
(\V.) ; they are e.xtra-parochial, and comprise 309
statute acres. The Great Saltee is four miles from the
shore at the village of Crossfarnogue, and three leagues
(\V. i S.) from the Black Rock ; it is of an elliptical
form, about one mile in length and half a mile broad :
one-third is under tillage, and the remainder in pasture ;
and from the abundance of sea- weed found on its shores,
the isle is rendered peculiarly fertile. It is the property
of H. K. G. Morgan, Esq., of Johnstown Castle, from
whom it is rented by a farmer. The island is amply
supplied with water from several springs, and is fre-
cjuented by a great variety of wild-fowl that breed here
during the summer mouths ; it is consequently much
visited by shooting-parties. A detachment of two men
from the coast-guard station at Crossfarnogue is sta-
tioned here. The vestiges of numerous houses indicate
that the island was formerly thickly inhabited ; on the
eastern extremity, still called the Abbey Point, are the
ruins of a building supposed to have been a religious
house. Stafford, the governor of Wexford, who is said
to have betrayed that town to Cromwell, retreated
hither, and built a cottage which still bears his name.
Bagnal Harvey, commander-in-chief, and Colclough, a
general of the insurgent forces during the disturbances
of 179s, who had taken refuge here after their defeat,
were discovered in a cave and made prisoners. The
Little Saltee Island is about '2^ miles from the shore,
with which it is connected by a narrow ridge of shingle,
called St. Patrick's Bridge, about two-thirds of which
are dry at low water ; it is inhabited by a family con-
sisting of three persons.
The channel between the two islands is from four to
five fathoms deep. Off the north-west point of the
Great Saltee, a vessel may anchor in five or six fathoms.
The Coningmore rock, always above water, lies a mile
and a half (S. by \V.) from its south-west point ; and
about a mile (S.W. by W.) from it is the Coningbeg rock,
which appears at half ebb. Outside of these rocks is
placed a light-ship having two lanterns, at an elevation
of 2b feet above the sea at high water mark, displaying
a bright light visible at the distance of nine nautical
miles in clear weather. On part of the ridge called St.
Patrick's Bridge, are from seven to ten feet at low water ;
on the west side of it is situated the small fishing-har-
bour of Crossfarnogue. From these islands to Hook
Tower, a distance of five leagues, the intermediate space
is a large bay with a continual in-draught and heavy sea
setting in towards the shore, and dangerous from rocks
and shallows, known only to persons well acquainted
501
with the coast. Numerous vessels have been %\re<ked
here : should a vessel get too far into the bay, it is im-
possible to beat out, and there is no place of refuge
except Fethard, which, though it has a small pier, < an
afford little shelter, from the shallowness of its water
and its exposed situation.
SALTERSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Mag-
HERAFELT, barony of Ferrard, county of Lolth, and
province of Leinster, 4 miles (N. E.) from Dunker ;
containing 380 inhabitants, of whom about 90 are in
the hamlet. It is situated on the bay of Dundalk, and
comprises, accordiug to the Ordnance survey, 104"|
statute acres, the greater part of which is excellent land.
A lead and copper mine was formerly worked here. The
parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh, forming
part of the union of Dunany ; the lands are tithe-free,
having formerly belonged to the abbey of Mellifont.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Salterstown is con-
sidered to be part of the union or district of Dysart and
Clonmore.
SALT-MILLS, a village, in the parish of Tintern,
union of New Ross, barony of Shelburne, county of
Wexford, and province of Leinster, 1^ miles (X.)
from Fethard; containing 17 1 inhabitants. The village
of Tintern, which was contiguous to the abbey of that
name, the property of the late CiEsar Colclough, Esq.,
was taken down within the last 30 years, and rebuilt
upon the townland of Salt-Mills, by which name it is
now more generally known. It is situated on the western
side of an inlet of the sea, called Bannow bay, and in
1S41 contained '29 houses and cottages, all neatly white-
washed, and several of them painted, and ornamented in
front with small gardens : the dwellings are now, how-
ever, fast faUing into ruin. The female inhabitants are
mostly employed in straw-platting and bonnet-making,
which are carried on to some extent ; and some of the
males are employed in fishing. A dispensary is entirely
supported by Mrs. Boyse.
SANDFORD, a village, in the parish of St. Peter,
union of South Dublin, barony of Uppercross,
county of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 1^ mile
(S.) from the General Post-office, on the road to Ennis-
kerry : the population is returned with the parish. The
name of this place is derived from the circumstance of
Lord Mount- Sandford having, in 1826, erected and en-
dowed an episcopal chapel, under the provisions of an
act of the 11th and 12th of George III. Though not
possessed of any property in the neighbourhood, yet.
sympathising with a large population destitute of any
near place of worship for Protestants, his lordship
liberally expended about £5000 in building a church,
parsonage, and school-houses, besides securing an en-
dowment of £50 per annum to the chaplain. The build-
ings occupy a very interesting site : the church is fitted
up in a chaste and simple style, and is capable of ac-
commodating about 700 people ; 300 sittings are free ;
the rent of the remainder, in addition to the endowment,
forms the maintenance of the clergyman. The salaries
of clerk, organist, school-master, &c., arc paid by col-
lections among the congregation ; so that this chapelry
has never been any charge on the parish. The founder
vested the right of appointment to the chaplaincy in
four clergymen and one layman, as trustees, with power
to fill up vacancies in their number. There is a lending
library.
S A NT
SAUL
SANDYCOVE, a village, in the parish of Ringrone,
union and barony of Kinsale, county of Cork, and
province of INIunster, li mile (S.) from Kinsale;
containing about 104 inhabitants. The village stands at
the head of the little cove or bay from which it derives
its name. Close adjoining is the parish church of Ring-
rone ; near which are the ruins of Ringrone Castle,
built by De Courcy in the reign of Richard II., and the
history of which, as connected with that powerful and
noble family, is exceedingly interesting : it continues in
the possession of their descendants, the lords Kingsale,
who take from it the title of Baron.
SANDYFORD, a village, in the union and barony
of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province of
Leinster, 5 miles (S.) of Dublin, on the old road to
Enniskerry ; the population is returned with the parish.
This is the head of the Roman Catholic district of Sandy-
ford and GlancuUen, comprising the parishes of Kilternan
and Kilgobbin, and portions of those of Tullow, Rath-
michael, Stillnrgan, Kill, and Taney. The principal
chapel is a spacious building, commenced 30 years
since ; attached is a good residence for the priest : an-
other chapel is at GlancuUen, in the parish of Kilternan.
There is a school in connexion with the Board of
Education.
SANDYMOUNT, a large and populous village, in
that part of the parish of St. Mary, Donnybrook,
which is within the barony of Dublin, union of South
Dublin, county of Dublin, and province of Leinster,
Smiles (S. E. byE.) from the General Post-office: the
population is 1142. It is on the southern coast of the
bay of Dublin, and is much resorted to in summer for
sea-bathing, for which its sandy beach presents every
facility. The village is very pretty, and contains many
good houses forming a square, in the centre of which is
an ornamental grass-plot surrounded by iron railings :
there are numerous villas on the strand, for the con-
venience of visiters ; whence a new road to Merrion has
been made along the shore. Eighty years ago, there
were not more than one or two comfortable houses in
Sandymount : the village may be said to owe its exist-
ence to the late Richard Cranfield, Esq., who also
planned the baths of Tritonville in the vicinity. The
principal seats are, Lakelands, situated in grounds taste-
fully laid out and commanding fine sea and mountain
views ; Wilfield House ; Sandymount Castle ; and
Sandymount Park, whence is obtained a view of the
bay of Dublin, with the Hill of Howth, Ireland's Eye,
Lambay Island, the South Wall, and the Pigeon House.
In the village are a parochial school, erected in 1833,
and supported by subscriptions ; and a female school,
built by the Misses Hepenstall, aided by £100 from the
Lord-Lieutenant's fund. A loan fund and a Bible As-
sociation were established in 1832; there are also a
savings'-bank and a lending library. A branch of the
Sisters of Charity, from Stanhope-street, Dublin, settled
in Sandymount Avenue about 14 years since; the in-
mates consist of a superior and five nuns, who instruct
about SO children : a neat chapel attached is open to
the public.
SANTRY, or Santreff, a parish, in the union of
North Dublin, barony of Coolock, county of Dub-
lin, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (N.) from
Dublin, on the road to Swords; containing II 17 in-
habitants, of whom 110 are in the village. In 1641 the
502
village was burnt, and great devastation committed in the
parish by a detachment from the parliamentarian forces
stationed at Dublin, which had been sent against a party
of royalists here. The parish comprises 4726 statute
acres : the land is of good quality, chiefly in meadow
and pasture ; that which is under tillage is fertile, and
the system of agriculture is improving. Nearly adjoin-
ing the village is Santry House, the seat of Sir Compton
Domville, Bart., proprietor of the parish, a stately
mansion of brick, containing many spacious apartments
ornamented with numerous family portraits, a collection
of historical and scriptural paintings by the best masters,
and many other valuable specimens of the fine arts : the
demesne, comprising more than 140 acres, is tastefully
laid out in gardens and pleasure-grounds, richly em-
bellished with timber and commanding some beautiful
scenery and some extensive mountain and sea views.
There are numerous other seats and villas in the parish,
the principal of which are, Belcamp House, a handsome
mansion, situated in finely disposed grounds and com-
manding some rich views ; Woodlands, built by Dean
Jackson, contemporary with Dean Swift, who was a
frequent inmate here ; Belcamp, an elegant villa beauti-
fully situated ; Santry Lodge ; Belcamp ; Woodford ;
Woodlawn ; and Collinstown. The village is pleasantly
situated on the road to Swords ; it contains 25 houses,
neatly built, and derives much interest from the demesne
of Santry House : near it is a station of the city police.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, and
in the patronage of the Crown, in which one-half of
the rectorial tithes is impropriate ; the other half is
annexed to the vicarage. The tithe rent-charge is
£346. 10., of which £150 are payable to the Crown,
and the remainder to the vicar. The glebe-house was
built on a glebe of one acre in 1828, at an expense of
£1300, towards which the late Board of First Fruits
contributed £200 and a loan of £600 ; the remainder
was defrayed by the Rev. Dennis Browne, the incumbent.
The church, towards the repair of which the Ecclesi-
astical Commissioners lately granted £264, is a plain
neat edifice, built in 1709, and contains the tombs of
many members of the Barry and Domville families, suc-
cessive proprietors of the estate. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the union of Clontarf;
there is a chapel at Ballyman. The charter school here
under the Incorporated Society has been endowed with
land by R. H. L. Gardener ; the house, towards which
Primate Boulter contributed £400, is a spacious build-
ing, situated on the road to Drogheda : in this school
about 30 children are clothed, maintained, and educated,
and when of proper age apprenticed.
SAUL, a parish, in the union of Downpatrick,
barony of Legale, county of Down, and province of
Ulster, If mile (N. E.) from Downpatrick ; containing
2159 inhabitants. St. Patrick is said to have founded
here an abbey for Canons Regular, and to have con-
stituted his disciple St. Dunnius, or Modun, abbot there-
of : the patron day is May 29th. The founder died at
Saul, March 17th, 493, in the 120th year of his age, and
was interred with great solemnity at Downpatrick.
Some years since, the ruins of this establishment were
very extensive ; but now only a fragment remains. The
parish is situated on the south-western branch of Strang-
ford lough, and comprises 52/25 statute acres, of
which 2119 are under tillage, the remainder in pasture.
SCAR
Walsh'stown Castle, in the parish, is one of many built
by De Courcy, on the conquest of Ulster ; and of
twenty-seven around Strangford lough, this is the
only one now inhabited : the ancestors of the present
possessor have occupied it ever since the reign of
Charles I.
The living was formerly a perpetual cure, and part of
the deanery of Dosvu, from which, by order of council
in 1834, under the Church Temporalities' act, it was
separated, and constituted a distinct rectory, in the dio-
cese of Down and patronage of the Crown : the tithe
rent-charge is f'JSQ. 14. 6. The glebe comprises
6a. 20p. valued at £30. r2. per annum ; the glebe-house
was built by aid of £450 and a loan of £50, in 1816,
from the late Board of First Fruits. By the order in
council, the three detached townlands and the tithes of
White Hill, Ballyuarry, and Ballynagarrick, were dis-
united from this parish, and annexed to the adjoining
parish of Ballyculter ; and the clerical duties of those
townlands were anne.xed to the parish of Kilclief, to
which were also annexed the townland and tithes of
Ballywoodan, separated from the parish of Saul. In
lieu of such severance, the townland and tithes of Bally-
stokes severed from Bailee parish, and those of Raholp
and Ballintleave from Ballyculter parish, were annexed
to Saul ; the clerical duties of the two last-named town-
lands remaining annexed to Ballyculter. The church,
erected about 1770, is a large plain building, with a
small spire, occupying part of the site of the abbey ;
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £375
for its repair. The Roman Catholic parish is co-exten-
sive with that of the Established Church. Mrs. Conway
bequeathed a rent-charge of £3. 7. 6. per annum to the
poor of this parish ; and Judge Ward gave a rent-charge
of I6i-. per annum for ever out of the Castle Ward
estate. Near Walsh'stown Castle stood the church of
St. IMary, by some supposed to have been parochial, but
which it seems most probable was for the use of the
garrison ; on levelling the churchyard a few years since,
coins of the reigns of Henry I. and II., Robert Bruce,
and Richard III., were discovered!
SCADDANSTOWN, barony of Middlethird,
county of TiPi'ERARY. — See Johnstown, St.
SCALP, county of Dublin. — See Kiltern.\n.
SCxVLP, or C.\STLETON, a village, in the parish of
Ardr.\han, union of Gort, barony of Dunkellin,
county of G.vLWAY, and province of Connaught, 7
miles (S. S. W.) from Loughrea, on the road to Gort;
the population is returned with the parish. Here is a
chalybeate spa which was used some years since with
advantage.
SCARIFF, a post-town, and the head of a union, in
the parish of Tomgraney, barony of Tulla, county of
Clare, and province of Munster, 8 miles (N. W. by N.)
from Killaloe, and 94|^ (W. by S.) from Dublin, on the
road from Killaloe to Williamstown and Portumna ;
containing 656 inhabitants. It is situated on the river
Scariff, which flows into the picturesque bay of the same
name (opening into Lough Derg on the Shannon), and
might be easily made navigable from the bay to Lough
Grady, about a mile above the town : the river is here
crossed by a bridge of three arches. This is a pleasing
little town, occupying an ascent from the river, and con-
sisting chiefly of one main street: in 1841 it contained
113 houses, some of which are neatly built. A sub-
503
SCAR
post office here is under Killaloe. An excellent level
road, lately constructed between Killaloe and Williams-
town, chiefly along the shores of Lough Derg, passes
through the town. Here are extensive oil and flour
mills ; and a considerable number of coarse hats are
manufactured in the immediate vicinity. Fairs are held
monthly. A smelting-furnace for iron was formerly in
full work. In the Roman Catholic divisions Scariff
gives name to a district, comprising the north-eastern
part of the parish of Tomgraney, and the entire parish
of Moynoe, and containing the chapels of Scariff and
Knock O'Grady. The union workhouse, on a site of
six acres purchased for £350, was completed in 1841 at
a cost of £6400, and is constructed for 600 inmates.
During the disturbances in 1831, an encampment was
formed on Shene hill, in the vicinity, which was oc-
cupied for two months by a party of the military.
SCARIFF ISLAND, in the parish of Kilcrohane.
union of Kenmare, barony of Dunkerron, county of
Kerry, and province of Munster ; 2^ miles (S. W.)
from Hog's Head, which forms the southern side of
Ballinaskelligs bay ; and about the same distance (W.)
from Lamb's Head, on the shore of Derrynane ; on the
south-western coast. It is the larger of the two Hog
Islands, and, together with the smaller one called Dinish,
is held by Daniel O'Connell, Esq., M.P., from the Earl
of Cork. It is inhabited by only one family, employed
in the care of the cattle, sheep, &c., fed on the island.
The depth of water close to these islands is 28 fathoms,
and between them and Lambs' Head are several smaller
ones. On the summit of Scariff were the vestiges of an
ancient hermitage, or cell, which are now covered by a
mound of earth and stones raised by the Trigonometrical
Surveyors of Ireland. There are slight vestiges of a
church and burial-ground on the eastern side of the
island ; and in another place those of a mill, near which
runs a stream of very pure water.
SCARTAGLIN, a village, in the parish of Castle-
iSLAND, union of Tralee, barony of Trughenackmy,
county of Kerry, and province of Munster, 4| miles
from Castleisland ; containing 330 inhabitants. It is
situated on the line of road recently constructed by
government, from Castleisland through King-William's-
Town to Roskeen-Bridge, in the county of Cork. The
road crosses the Brown Flesk river near the village,
over a neat stone bridge ; and it has been in contempla-
tion to open a road connecting this line with one lately
formed by Col. Drummond and C. Fairfield, Esq.,
through the adjoining parish of Ballincuslaue, as far as
the village of Ardnagrath. Here is a Roman Catholic
chapel belonging to the district of Castleisland, in
which a school is held under the patronage of the clergy-
man.
SCARVAGH, a village (formerly a market-town),
in the parish of Aghaderg, union of Banbridge,
barony of Upper Iveagh, county of Down, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 2 miles (N. \V.) from Loughbrickland,
on the road to Tanderagee ; containing 262 inhabitants.
During the civil war of 1641, this place was the scene
of many sanguinary struggles : it finally fell into the
hands of Gen. Monk, who erected a castle on the sum-
mit of a gentle eminence to command the pass, where
a garrison was kept for several years. Here the army
of William III., under Duke Schoraberg, first rendez-
voused after landing in Ireland, the camp extending in
SCAR
two lines from Loughbrickland to Scarvagh Pass and to
Poyntz Pass ; a venerable oak in Scarvagh demesne is
still shewn as that under which the principal tent was
pitched. In 1783 a battle was fought at Lisnagade Fort,
between the " Hearts of Steel " and the " Break-of-day
Boys," when several of the former were killed. The
village, containing 4,5 well-built houses, was founded
about 1*46 by John Reilly, Esq., who obtained a charter
for a market and fairs. It is situated on the canal
between Newry and Lough Neagh, having a small dock
and quayage for lighters ; a considerable trade is carried
on, particularly in coal and turf, supplying a populous
neighbourhood and numerous bleach-mills and manu-
facfories with fuel. The market has long been discon-
tinued ; but fairs are still held on March '31st, June
19th, Sept. 5th, and Nov. 14th, and are well attended.
Scarvagh House is a handsome seat ; in the demesne is
some very fine old timber, and from the house may be
seen the lake called Lough Shark.
In the vicinity are numerous vestiges of antiquity,
which appear to have had some connexion with the
passes through the bogs, lakes, and forests, which
formerly abounded here, although this is now one of
the most fertile and beautiful districts in the north of
Ireland. In the demesne of Scarvagh is the " Danes'
Cast," by the native inhabitants known by the name of
Gleann na muck duibhe, or the "glen of the blatk pig :"
it is principally composed of earth and resembles the
Roman wall in Scotland, and Offa's dyke in North
Wales ; its course is nearly north and south. In some
places it consists of a single fnss and rampart ; in others
the rampart is divided by a deep foss, which gives the
appearance of a double foss and rampart. It is sup-
posed to extend from Lough Neagh to the sea, near
Dundalk ; but it is nowhere so well preserved and un-
broken as in this neighbourhood. The line runs south-
ward through the demesne of Union Lodge, where it is
a single rampart and foss, the rampart being here faced
with stone, and it so continues to the reclaimed ground
of Loughadian ; northward it extends towards the fort
of Lisnagade, terminating at a stream that forms the
boundary between the townlands of Scarvagh and
Lisnagade. Lisnagade, or " the fort of a hundred," is
one of the most extensive and best preserved of its
kind. It consists of treble ramparts and intrenchments ;
the entrance is from the east, leading into a large cir-
cular inclosure, whence are obtained prospects of the
entire country for many miles around, and a great num-
ber of forts or raths are seen, from which circumstance
it is supposed this fort took its name, being the chief or
centre of a hundred others. The fosses on every side
are very deep ; and it is remarkable that they are all
paved at the bottom with rounded pebbles set in clay.
In cleaning the fosses, in 1832, Mr. Trevor, on whose
property the fort is, found a great many silver coins, a
brass cauldron, spear-heads, and other relics of anti-
quity. Numbers, also, of arrow and spearheads of flint,
stone and brass celts, and other military weapons, have
been discovered in almost every part of the " Cast."
In 1.S07 the head and antlers of an enormous elk were
found, which are carefully preserved at Scarvagh
House : several others have been dug up in the bog
marl near Union Lodge; and in draining Loughadian,
part of a tiara of gold, brazen swords, skeans, and
spear-heads, were discovered. The greater portion of
504
SC R A
an ancient castle or tower yet exists at Poyntz-Pass ;
some fragments of that at Scarvagh are still to be seen
above the village, and in the centre of Lisnagade Fort
are the remains of another of the same kind ; the
floor was discovered entire in 1832, constructed of baked
tiles.
SCHEAMS ISLANDS, in the parish of Augha-
DOWN, union of Sribbereen, Eastern division of the
barony of West Carbery, county of Cork, and pro-
vince of Munster, 6 miles (S. \V.) from Skibbereen ;
containing about 3* inhabitants. These are two islands
situated in Roaring-water bay, and distinguished by
their position. East and West, the former comprising
about 60, and the latter 34, statute acres. On the
western isle, which is the more fertile of the two, are
the remains of an ancient church or chapel.
SCILLY, a village, in the parish of Rincurran,
union and barony of Kinsale, county of Cork, and
province of Munster ; forming a suburb to the town
of Kinsale, and containing about S14 inhabitants. It is
situated on the harbour of Kinsale, and occupies the
summit and side of a gentle eminence forming a penin-
sula projecting into the harbour. In 1831 it contained
124 houses; it has since rapidly increased, and now
contains nearly 200 houses, including a number of neat
and commodious villas and lodges, erected for the ac-
commodation of the numerous visiters resorting hither
during the bathing-season. It is so closely connected
with Kinsale that it is generally considered as a part of
that town. An extensive and lucrative fishery, affording
employment to a large portion of the inhabitants, is
carried on here. Immediately above the village are the
barracks of Kinsale.
SCOTSHOUSE, a village, in the parish of Currin,
imion of Cootehill, barony of Dartry, county of
Monaghan, and province of LTlster, 5^ miles (N. W.)
from Cootehill, and on the road from Clones to Stra-
done : the population is returned with the parish. It
is a station of the constabulary police, and contains the
parochial church and Roman Catholic chapel. Near
the village is the handsome seat of Hilton.
SCOTSTOWN.a village, in the parish of Tydavnet,
union of Monaghan, barony and county of Monaghan,
and province of Ulster ; containing 35 houses, and
210 inhabitants.
SCRABBY, or Ballimackellenny, a post-town
and parish, in the union of Granard, barony of Tul-
laghonoho, county of Cavan, and province of Ulster,
15 miles (S. W. byS.) from Cavan, and 70 (N. N. W.)
from Dublin ; containing 2836 inhabitants, of whom
170 are in the town. This small town, which in 1841
contained 3/ houses, consists chiefly of one street ex-
tending along the road from Arvagh to Granard ; it
has a sub-post office to Crossdoney, and fairs are held
on Feb. 10th, May 12th, Aug. 1st, and Dec. 12th. The
parish comprises, according to the Ordnance survey,
6661 statute acres, of which 1 182 are in Lough Gowna;
the land is of indifferent quality. Scrabby is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Ardagh, forming part of the union
of Drumloman : the rectory is in dispute. The tithe
rent-charge is £118. 8., of which £65. 15. 6. are pay-
able to the vicar ; the remainder is rectorial. The
church adjoins the town ; it was lately rebuilt at a cost
of £723, defrayed by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
of Ireland.
SEAT
S E A G
SCRONTHEA, a village, in the parish of St. Mary,
Clonmel, union of Ci.onmel, barony of Ui-pkuthird,
county of Waterkord, and province of Leinster ;
containing 46 houses, and '244 inhabitants.
SCRYNE, county of Wexford. — See Skreen.
SCULLABOGUE, Wexford.— Sec Newbawn.
SCULLOGESTOWN.baronyoflKEATHYandOuGH-
TERANY, county of Kii.dare. — See Hortland.
SCURLOGSTOWN, or Scurlockstown, a parish,
in the union of Trim, barony of Lower Deece, county
of Meath, and province of Leinster, 1^ mile (E. S. E.)
from Trim, on the road to Dublin, and on the river
Boyne ; containing 389 inhabitants. This place derives
its name from William de Scurlog, who erected a castle
here about 1180: the ruins exhibit a square keep of
large proportions and massive strength, with circular
towers at the angles, and a few apertures for the ad-
mission of light. The parish comprises '35895 statute
acres, chiefly arable. It is a curacy, in the diocese of
Meath, forming part of the ecclesiastical union of Trim ;
the re(tory is impropriate in Joseph Ashe, Esq., and
the tithe rent-charge is £119. •'i., of which £101. 5. are
payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
curate. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
part of the district of Dunsany and Kilmessan. There
are fragments of an ancient church, consisting of two
rude circular arches.
SCURLOGSTOWN, a village, in the parish of
BuRRY, barony of Upper Kells, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (S. W.) from Kells,
on the road to Clonniellon ; containing about 32 houses
and ISl inhabitants.
SEAFORDE, a village, in the parish of Loughin-
IsLANn, union of Downpatrick, barony of Kinelarty,
county of Down, and province of Ulster, I mile {N.)
from Clough ; on the roads leading respectively from
Downpatrick to Newry, and from Dundrum to Ballina-
hinch ; containing 394 inhabitants. This village, which
was anciently called Neaghen, is small, but very hand-
somely built, consisting of one principal street, from
the centre of which a smaller street branches off at
right angles. At its northern extremity is a gateway
of freestone, consisting of a centre and two side open-
ings ; and near this is a chaste Grecian lodge of free-
stone, forming an entrance into the extensive demesne
of Seaforde, the seat of the Forde family. The man-
sion, which is situated in the centre of the parish, was
destroyed by fire in 1816, and rebuilt in IHIQ in a style
of sumptuous elegance ; the demesne is finely undulated,
and comprises 1060 acres, richly planted, and embel-
lished with a large and picturesque lake. The manor
of Seaforde extends over the whole of the parish, with
the exception only of the townland of Clough ; and a
court is held every three weeks before the seneschal, in
which debts to the amount of £2 are recoverable :
petty-sessions are also held on alternate Tuesdays ; and
fairs on March 7th, June 9th, Sept. 4th, and Dec. 6th.
A receiving-house for letters here is under Clough.
The parish church, a handsome ediBce, is situated in
the village ; and there is a place of worship for Presby-
terians in connexion with the General Assembly ; also
six almshouses, erected in 1828 by Colonel Forde, who
endowed them with £60 per annum, for aged widows ;
and some schools, the particulars of which are stated in
the article on Loughin-Island.
Vol. II. — 505
SEAGOE, or Segoe, a parish, in the union of Lur
GAN, barony of O'Neilland East, county of Armagh,
and province of Ulster, 1 mile {S. N. E.) from Porta-
down j extending along the river Bann, and intersected
by the great roads leading from Armagh to Belfast, and
from Portadown to Banbridge ; containing 1 1,094 inha-
bitants. This place, which is said to have derived its
name from Setigli-Gabha, " the smith's scat," was allotted
to Nial Gabha, one of the sons of the great O'Nial. It
is traditionally said that in 836 a battle was fought
here, in which Blacar, a Danish chief, ancestor of the
family of Blacker, defeated Ail, or O'Nial, and his sept ;
and the place where it occurred, adjoining Carrick de-
mesne, is still pointed out, and bears the name of Lis-
tia-grillij, signifying " the fort of the dagger ;" there are
faint traces of a circular intrenchment. The parish is
bounded on the west by the river Bann, along which it
extends for about 4^ miles : it contains three manorial
districts, subdivided into 47 townlands, comprising
10,982^ statute acres ; 1236^ are in Lough Neagh, and
49^ in the river. The lands are chiefly arable, though,
along the banks of the river, there is an extensive tract
of low meadow and pasture ground ; this tract is inun-
dated about Christmas, and the water does not disap-
pear till March, when it leaves behind a light deposit of
mud, enriching the soil and producing nutritious,
though coarse, herbage. There is very little bog. Agri-
culture is considerably improved . the crop.s include
corn, flax, and potatoes ; and onions are also cultivated
to a great extent. The fuel used is turf, cut and saved
in the months of July and August; large quantities are
conveyed up the Bann from the bogs in Moyntaghs.
The trade is principally confined to the sale of the pro-
duce of the land, and a considerable quantity of butter,
poultry, eggs, &c., which are sent to Portadown, and
theuce by railway to the English and Scotch markets ;
but there is scarcely a house or family which is not, in
one way or other, connected with the linen trade, there
being extensive manufacturers throughout the parish.
On the townland of Balteagh and Kilvergan is a quarry,
the stone of which is highly valuable for lithography,
for which it is said to equal the best German stone ;
and at Killycomain a superior hard blue stone is found.
On the hill of Drumlin, in the southern angle of the
parish, are fine pits of gravel particularly adjiptcd for
roads and walks.
The surface of the parish is a gentle undulation of
hill and dale ; the highest point is the hill of Drum-
clogher, whence is obtained a full view of the parish,
and the rich scenery of the Bann, Lough Neagh, and
the Morne mountains. The river, here navigable for
vessels of 60 tons, cannot be surpassed for its majestic
appearance as it winds along the parish boundary. It
was crossed at Portadown by a bridge of seven arches,
built in 1764, but this having given way in several
places, a new bridge has been erected at an expense to
the county of £8000 ; it is a very fine building of three
arches, each more than fifty feet in span. The parish
is well intersected with roads : a new line between Ar-
magh and Belfast is carried through it for nearly three
miles, besides several minor roads communicating with
the county of Down ; and it is also intersected by the
Ulster railway. The farmhouses exhibit much appear-
ance of comfort, particularly those on the Carrick estate,
which are remarkable for their neatness. Manorial
3T
S E A P
courts are held, in Kernan, for the estate of the Duke of
Manchester ; Carrowbrack, for that of Colonel Blacker ;
and Derry, for that of Lord Lurgan : the respective
seneschals hold their courts every three weeks, for the
recovery of debts under 40s., and courts leet are held
once in the year. The principal gentlemen's seats are,
Seagoe House, the residence of the Venerable Archdea-
con Saurin 3 Killicomaine ; and Carrick, of the Blacker
family, a large edifice built in 169'2, but much improved
since : its gardens and pleasure-grounds retain many
specimens of the taste of that age. In the sheep-walk
of the demesne, on the summit of a low ridge or knoll,
is a curious excavation of an elliptic form, about 80 yards
in circumference, sloping gradually inwards on all sides
with great regularity ; in the demesne generally are
numerous fine old oaks, and well-grown beech and
ash.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Dromore, forming the corps of the archdeaconry,
and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-
charge is £247. 10., and the glebe comprises 500 acres
valued at £652. 7. per annum, making the gross income
of the archdeacon nearly £900. The glebe-house is a
commodious residence contiguous to the church ; the
latter is a large handsome edifice in the early English
style, with a square tower, built at an entire cost of
£'2'200, of which £1000 were a loan from the late Board
of First Fruits. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners re-
cently granted £319 for its repair ; the interior is fitted
up in a very superior manner. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is united with that of Moyntaghs;
there are two chapels, at Derrymacash and Bluestone.
At Edenderry, which forms a suburb to Portadown, is
a meeting-house for Presbyterians in connexion with
the General Assembly : there is a place of worship for
Wesleyan Methodists at Bluestone ; and three dispen-
saries have recently been established. There are male
and female schools at Balteagh and Bluestone, with
houses for the master and mistress, chiefly supported
by the Duke and Duchess of Manchester, and conducted
on the principles of the Moral Agency System, with a
lending library attached to each : the loan and clothing
fund of Tanderagee, and the dispensary of Portadown,
are connected with these schools, and open to the free
use of parents and children. There are also schools at
Levaghery and Hacknahay, the former built by Colonel
Blacker, the latter considerably aided by Mrs. Cope and
Archdeacon Saurin ; other schools are also aided by
annual donations from Archdeacon Saurin and Colonel
Blacker, and a girls' school at Carrick is superintended
by Mrs. Blacker. Near the spot where the battle was
fought, several brazen swords and spear-heads of supe-
rior workmanship have been dug up ; two, nearly per-
fect, are in the possession of the Earl of Charleville, to
whom they were presented by Colonel Blacker, who
has in his possession a curious battle-hammer head of
stone, found in the same place, the handle composed of
osier withes, and the whole much resembling a smith's
punch of the present day.
SEAPATRICK, a parish, partly in the barony of
Lower Iveaoh, but chiefly in that of Upper Iveagh,
union of Banbridge, county of Down, and province of
Ulster, on the river Bann, and on the coach-road from
Newry to Belfast ; containing, with the post-town of
Banbridge, 9528 inhabitants. This parish comprises
506
S E I R
75S2i statute acres, of which (with detached portions;
3141 are in Lower and 4441^ in LTpper I\eagh ; the
whole is rich land in a high state of cultivation. Its
connexion with the flourishing town of Banbridge has
rendered the parish highly important as a seat of the
linen manufacture : here are numerous bleach-greens,
linen-manufactories, yarn-mills, and depots, with the
various other branches connected with the trade ; which
for extent and importance are not excelled in any part
of the kingdom. This is partly attributable to the river
Bann intersecting the parish. Upon part of the glebe,
extensive manufactories, depots, and handsome houses
have been built by F. W. Hayes, Esq. Among the
most remarkable seats may be enumerated Millmount,
Brookfield, Huntley Glen, Seapatrick House, Ballyvalley,
Ballievy House, Edenderry, and Banview.
The living is a rectory and vicarage in the diocese of
Dromore, and in the patronage of the Bishop and the
Crown ; the rectory till lately formed part of the union
of Aghaderg and of the corps of the deanery of Dro-
more. The tithe rent-charge is nearly £300. The glebe-
house is a commodious old building ; the glebe com-
prises 1 1 If statute acres, valued at £155. 5. per annum.
The church, a small building on the eastern shore of the
Bann, was erected in 1698 upon the site of the ancient
edifice, which had been destroyed in the war of 1641 ;
being incapable of accommodating one-sixth of the popu-
lation, a large church has been built near Banbridge,
under the provisions of an order in council obtained in
1S34, at a cost exceeding £3000, of which £1500 were
given by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, nearly £1000
by the Marquess of Downshire (who also gave the site),
and the remainder was raised by voluntary contributions.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Tullylish. Near Banbridge is a meet-
ing-house for Presbyterians in connexion with the Re-
monstrant Synod : here are also a meeting-house in
connexion with the General Assembly, built in 1830;
one until recently in connexion with the Seceding Synod;
and a chapel each for the Wesleyan and Primitive Me-
thodists. The parochial schools, with residences for the
master and mistress, situated on the glebe, are endowed
with an acre of land, and supported by subscriptions.
Near Banbridge is a large male and female school-
house, comprising a centre and wings, the former the
residence of the master and mistress, and the latter the
schools ; it was built by subscription, to which the
Marquess of Downshire contributed £90, and is en-
dowed with an acre and a half of land and £50 per
annum. There are also schools at Ballydown, Bally-
lough, and Banbridge. At Tullyconnaught is a large
school, founded and endowed by Miss M. Mulligan by
will dated 1S24, and built in 1829 at a cost of £150; it
is in connexion with the Board of National Education.
On the Dromore road was a chalybeate spring, similar
in its properties to the waters of Aix-la-Chapelle, and
efficacious in scurvy ; it has been recently filled up.
The late Baron M'^Clelland was born here ; as was also
his contemporary. Dr. Dickson, Bishop of Down and
Connor.
SEIRKYRAN, or St. Kieran, a parish, in the
union of Parsonstown, barony of Ballybritt, King's
county, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (E. by S.)
from Parsonstown, on the road to Kinnitty ; containing
1637 inhabitants. This place derives its name from St.
S II A L
S II A N
Kieran the elder, who in the earliest period of the Chris-
tian church, founded u monastery licre, and is said also
to have made it the seat of a small bishopric. So early
(lid he exercise his mission, that he has been styled the
father of the Irish saints. This establishment was re-
peatedly plundered by the Danes and other freebooters ;
aud in 1().">2 the see of Seir-Kieran was removed to
Aghaboe, and thence finally to Kilkenny. To this see
the manor anciently belonged, and it was recovered to
the bishops by trial of single combat in r284. In suc-
ceeding ages a monastery, dedicated to St. Kieran, was
founded for Canons Regular of the order of St. Augus-
tine, the ruins of which are still to be seen : the posses-
sions of this monastery, at the Dissolution, were granted
to Sir William Taafe, and by him assigned to James,
Earl of Roscommon. The parish comprises SS-^.t
statute acres, of which 16'2 are woodland, 64 bog aud
waste, the remainder being arable aud pasture: lime-
stone is found, and agriculture is improving. The seats
are Oakely Park and Grange House. The living is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, and in the patronage
of the Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate. The tithe
rent-charge is £1'20. 3., of which £63. *. are payable to
the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar, who
has an augmentation from Primate Boulter's fund,
making his income £100 per annum: the glebe com-
prises I'-i acres ; the glebe -house was built by a gift of
£450 and a loan of £88, in 1814, from the late Board
of First Fruits. The church stands on the site of the
monastery ; it was rebuilt lately, at a cost of £608, of
which £540 were from the funds of the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. The Roman Catholic parish is co-
extensive with that of the Established Church, and con-
tains two chapels, one at Clareen, and the other at
Fancraft, both plain buildings in good repair. Ruins
exist of the old fort of Ballybritt, once a place of some
importance, and from which the barony derived its
name : at Drumoyle are the remains of a village. Here
is the holy well of St. Kieran.
SESKINAN. a parish, in the union of Dungarvan,
barony of DECiES-without-DRUM, county of Water-
ford, and province of jNIunster, 5| miles (N.) from
Dungarvan; containing 3'2 10 inhabitants. It comprises
16,877 statute acres, of which the greater part consists
of mountainous and boggy lands. At Ballynamult, on
its western confines, is a small military barrack. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Lis-
more ; the rectory forms the corps of the prebend of
Seskinan in the cathedral of Lisraore, with which the
vicarage is held. The tithe rent-charge is £'251. 9-
The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of
the Established Church, and contains two chapels.
SESKIXORE, a village, in the parish of Clogher-
NEY, union and barony of Omagh, county of Tyrone,
and province of Ulster ; containing 35 houses, and 134
inhabitants.
SEVEN CHURCHES, barony of Garrycastle,
King's county. — See Clonmacnois.
SEVEN CHURCHES, county of Wicklow.— See
Glendalovgh.
SHALLEE COUGHLAN, a village, in the parish of
KiLLOscvLLV, union of Nenagh, barony of Owney
and Arra, county of Tipperary, and province of Mun-
STER, 6 miles from Newport, and on the old road
from Dublin to Limerick ; containing about 138 inha-
507
bitants. On the high land in this vicinity a lead-mine
was formerly worked, and about seven tons of ore
were raised containing silver in the proportion of 80 oz.
to a ton.
SHALLON, a village, in the parish of Kilsharvan,
union of Duogheda, barony of Lower Di:leek, county
of Meath, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (S.) from
Drogheda, and on the road from Dulcek to Nynch ;
containing about '29 houses and 169 inhabitants.
SHANAGOLDEN, a post-town and parish, in the
Shanid division of the barony of Lower Connello,
county of Limerick, and province of Munster, 18
miles (W.) from Limerick, and 116 (W. S. \V.) from
Dublin, on the road from Rathkeale to Listowel ; con-
taining, in 1841, '2716 inhabitants, of whom 548 were in
the town, the popiilation of v\hich has since that time
considerably increased. The parish comprises 4'233
statute acres : about two-thirds are under cultivation,
producing abundant crops of corn, potatoes, and clover,
the rest of the area being rough pasture ; the land is
remarkably fertile near the town, and in some places is
tolerably well cultivated. The town consists of a long
irregular street, comprising 96 houses, of which three
only are slated, the remainder being thatched, and all
are small and ill-built. It has a sub-post office in con-
nexion with Rathkeale and Tarbert, and is a consta-
bulary police station ; petty- sessions are held on alter-
nate Wednesdays ; aud fairs take place on the Wednes-
day after Trinity-Sunday, and on Sept. 4th, chiefly for
cattle and pigs. A new line of road from the town joins
the mail-road on the banks of the Shannon, at Roberts-
town, opening a ready communication with the county
of Kerry. The substratum in and around the town is
limestone, of which blocks of a very large size are pro-
cured for cutting into gate-posts, pillars, slabs, &c., but
are all sent away, as no attempt has been made to cut
or work them on the spot. Black and grey marble of
very superior quality are extensively found throughout
the lower part of the parish, but are only worked for
repairing the roads, or fencing the fields. The town
and the surrounding lands are principally the property
of Lord INIonteagle, whose seat is about three miles dis-
tant. By the death of the late Lady Clonbrock, a large
property in this parish, and in the parishes of Roberts-
town and Loughill, devolved to the Hon. Colonel Wing-
field Stratford, who is doing much for the improvement
of his tenantry, enabling them to build slated houses,
and assisting them to reclaim their land : an agricul-
turist resides on the property, to instruct them in the
best method of draining, raising green crops, &c. ; and
within the last three years, more than 36 good slated
houses have been built. Close adjoining the town is
Shanagolden House, the elegant residence of the Rev.
G. Vincent ; the glebe-house, more than a mile dis-
tant from the church, is at present occupied by the
curate.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Limerick ; the rectory forms the corps of the precen-
torship of the cathedral of Limerick, and the vicarage
is in the patronage of the Precentor. The tithe rent-
charge is £150, one-third of which is payable to the
vicar, and the remainder to the precentor. The glebe-
house was erected by aid of £400 and a loan of £'i32,
in 1S13, from the Board of First Fruits : the glebe com-
prises lli acres, being composed of three portions, one
3 T 2
SHAN
near the church, another near the httle village called
Barracks, and the third where the glebe-house stands ;
the last portion was purchased by the Board. The
church is a large and handsome edifice, apparently very
old ; the chancel being in ruins, the nave was fitted up
for divine service, having been roofed and a lofty square
tower built, in 1S15, by aid of a loan of £450 from the
before- mentioned Board; the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners recently granted £101 for its repair. In the
Roman Catholic divisions this parish is the head of a
district, comprising the parishes of Shanagolden, Kil-
inoylan, and Robertstown ; the chapel is a plain edifice,
situated on a hill to the east of the town. There are two
mathematical male schools for adults.
About a mile south from the town, in the parish of
Kihnoylan, is Shanid Castle, one of the most impregna-
ble of the fortresses possessed by the earls of Desmond,
and from which they took their war cry of Shanid-a-
boo : this castle, which gives name to a baronial division
of the county, occupies the top of a steep hill, and is
surrounded by a strong rampart and fosse. Not far
distant is a very extensive circular fort, divided by earth-
works into four compartments ; but these subdivisions
appear to be of later date than the original formation of
the fort. A mile north from the town is Knockpatrick,
said to be the highest land in the county, whence the
surrounding country is seen stretching in extensive
perspective, with the majestic course of the Shannon
through its numerous windings to the sea. On the
summit are the remains, held in great veneration, of an
old church supposed to have been consecrated by St.
Patrick, whose chair is shown in an adjoining field,
composed of five rude unhewn stones ; and not far dis-
tant is a well dedicated to him, of which various legends
are related : the side walls of this venerable edifice are
nearly entire, though the east and west gables have en-
tirely disappeared ; and the space of the w-estern wall is
occupied by a large and curious tomb belonging to the
families of Bourke and Griflin. From this hill are views
embracing the high grounds of the counties of Tipperary,
Galway, Cork, and Kerry, with the rich lands of Clare
and Limerick in the foreground, and the towns of
Limerick and Ennis rising beyond the expanded waters
of the Shannon.
SHANBALLYMORE, a village, in the parish of
Templeroan, union of Mallow, barony of Fermoy,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 4 miles (E.
S. E.) from Doneraile, on the road to Rockmills ; con-
taining 471 inhabitants. This village, which sometimes
gives name to the parish, contained, in 1841, 89 houses,
mostly thatched ; also one of the two Roman Catholic
chapels belonging to the district of Doneraile, a plain
cruciform building. A patent exists for a fair, which is
not held. Here was formerly a castle.
SHANBOUGH, a parish, in the union of New
Ross, barony of Ida, county of Kilkenny, and pro-
vince of Munster, 3^ miles (W.) from New Ross ; con-
taining 491 inhabitants, and comprising IBO'J^ statute
acres. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, form-
ing part of the union of Rossbercon ; the rectory is
impropriate in the corporation of Waterford, and the
tithe rent-charge is £62. 4., of which two-thirds are
payable to the corporation, and the remainder to the
vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions also the parish
is part of the union or district of Rossbercon.
508
SHAN
SHANCOE, or Shancough, a parish, in the union
of Boyle, barony of Tiraghrill, county of Sligo, and
province of Connaught, 9 miles (N. by E.) from Boyle,
and on the road from Sligo to Ballyfarnon ; containing
1389 inhabitants. It is situated on the confines of the
county of Leitrim, and comprises 544 1^: statute acres,
of which a large portion consists of mountain and bog ;
some of the land, however, is good : limestone abounds,
and iron-ore is supposed to exist in the mountains.
Shancoe is a vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, forming
part of the union of Kilmaetrany ; the rectory is impro-
priate in Alexander Perceval, Esq., and the tithe rent-
charge, £24. 18. 6., is payable in equal portions to the
impropriator and vicar. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions, also, the parish forms part of the union or district
of Kilmaetrany. A "patron" is annually held on July
25th at St. James's Well.
SHANDRUM, a parish, in the union of Kanturk,
barony of Orrery and Kilmore, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, 2^ miles (S. W.) from Charle-
ville, on the road to Newmarket; containing 5 16 1 in-
habitants. It comprises 13,451 statute acres. The land
is mostly in pasture, and there are several large dairy-
farms ; limestone is quarried for agricultural purposes,
and part of the Red Bog is within the limits of the
parish. A fair is held at the village of Shandrum on
May 25th, and one at Newtown on the 13th May, for
general farming stock. The seats are Curriglass, Shan-
drum House, Cherry Hill, and Newtown House. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne,
and in the patronage of the Bishcfp ; the tithe rent-
charge is £603. 15. There is no church, but divine
service is regularly performed at the parochial school-
house. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
partly in the district of Ballyhea, but chiefly in that of
Shandrum ; and contains the chapels of Shandrum, and
Dromina or Cooliline. At Barna was a castle, of which
there is now scarcely a vestige.
SHANID, Limerick. — See Shanagolden.
SHANKILL, county of Antrim. — See Belfast.
SHANKILL, a parish, in the union of Lurgan,
partly in the barony of Lower Iveagh, county of
Down, but chiefly in that of Oneilland East, county
of Armagh, and province of Ulster, on the coach-
road from Belfast to Enniskillen ; containing, with the
post-town of Lurgan, 9350 inhabitants. This parish
comprises 6584 statute acres, of which 493 1| are in
the county of Armagh, and 1652| in Down ; 59| acres
are in lakes at Lurgan, and 362 in Lough Neagh. The
lands are of good quality, and chiefly under tillage ; the
system of agriculture is greatly improved, and the
parish is generally in an excellent state of cultivation :
there are some quarries of whinstone, which is chiefly
used for building, and for repairing the roads. The
principal seat is Lurgan House, the splendid residence
of the Right Hon. Charles Brownlow, created Baron
Lurgan in 1839, and who is proprietor of the parish.
It is a spacious structure in the Elizabethan style, beau-
tifully situated in a demesne with two fine artificial
lakes, and embellished with timber of luxuriant and
stately growth ; the approach is by a lodge and gate-
way of corresponding character, the whole of freestone
brought from Scotland. The other seats are Wood-
ville, Silverwood, and Grace Hall : there are also numer-
ous handsome residences in Lurgan. The linen manu-
SHAN
SHAN
facture is carried on throughout the parish, in connexion
with the large establishments in the town ; and diapers,
lawns, and cambricks, of very superior quality, are
made in great quantities. The Lagan navigation from
Belfast joins Lough Neagh in that part of the parish
which extends into the county of Down. Fairs are
held at Lurgan on Aug. .5th and 6th, and Nov. '2'2nd
and '^3rd. There is a chief constabulary police station ;
and manorial courts and petty- sessions are held regu-
larly in the town, as is noticed in the article on Lurgan,
wlitch see.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Dromore, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the
tithe rent-charge is £158. '2. The glebe-house, a
handsome edifice, was built in IS'^I, at an expense of
£1384. 1<2., of which £9'2. 6. were a gift and £969. 14. a
loan from the late Board of First Fruits ; the glebe
comprises I7O statute acres, valued at £325 per annum.
The church, situated in the town of Lurgan, a Grecian
edifice with a lofty tower and octagonal spire, was built
in \7Vi, and enlarged and repaired in 18'28, when the
late Board of First Fruits granted a loan of £800, and
the Right Hon. C. Brownlow gave £100; it has been
further repaired by a grant of £'2S'2 from the Ecclesias-
tical Commissioners : the congregation averages 6OO.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head
of a district, comprising also parts of the parishes of
Donaghcloney and Maralin : the chapel, a handsome
edifice in the later English style, is situated in the
town. There are places of worship for Presbyterians
in connexion with the General Assembly, for the Society
of Friends, and for AVesleyan and other Methodists. A
mendicity Society and a voluntary poor fund have been
established, towards the support of which Lord Lurgan
contributes annually £100 ; and there are various other
charities for the relief of the poor, to which his lord-
ship also contributes. The Right Hon. William Brown-
low, ancestor of the present proprietor, and for more
than 30 years a distinguished member of the Irish
House of Commons till the Union, was a native of this
place.
SHANKILL, or St. Kill, a parish, in the barony
of GowRAN, union and county of Kilkenny, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 3 miles (S. W.) from Bagnalstown,
on the road to Kilkenny ; containing 2586 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 6489 statute acres. At Kelly-
mount and Shankill are some of the principal flagstone-
quarries in the county, the produce of which is chiefly
sent by the Barrow navigation to Dublin, Waterford,
and other places, and generally sold under the name of
Carlow flags. Limestone is also quarried ; and a con-
siderable quantity of stone, coal, and culm, is obtained
at Bornafea : light turf is procured on the hills. The
seats are, Shankill Castle, a handsome residence; and
Kellymount. There is a station of the constabulary
police within the limits of the parish. The living is a
rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, and in the gift of the
Crown : the tithe rent-charge is £325. 10. ; there is
neither glebe-house nor glebe. The church, towards
the erection of which, in 18U, the late Board of First
Fruits contributed £800, is a plain neat edifice. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Grange Silvae, and has a chapel in the village
of Paulstown, which place is partly in this parish, and
partly in that of Kilinocahill.
509
SHANKILL, a parish, in the union of Boyle,
barony and county of Roscommon, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, 2 milcs (S. W.) from Elphin, and on the
road from Boyle to Roscommon ; containing 2626 in-
habitants. It comprises 66IO statute acres of land, in
general good, and chiefly in pasture ; there is a large
portion of bog, some of which has been reclaimed, and
the remainder is easily reclaimable. Limestone-gravd
exists in abundance, and within the limits of the parish
are quarries of excellent limestone. At Mantua is the
great turlough of that name, whose waters cover in
winter an extent of about 500 acres, which in summer
afford rich pasturage ; the water is supplied by a sub-
terraneous channel, from a source about half a mile
distant. The seats are, Mantua, surrounded by a well-
planted and highly improved demesne ; and Cherryfield.
The parish is in the diocese of Elphin : the rectory was
till lately united to those of Kilmacumsey, Kilcorkey,
Kilcola, and Creeve, together ccmstituting the corps of
the precentorship of Elphin, in the gift of the Bishop ;
the vicarage forms part of the union of Ardclare. The
tithe rent-charge, amounting to £69. 4. 8., is payable
in equal portions to the rector and the vicar : the entire
tithes of the late rectorial benefice amounted, under the
Composition act, to £207. 15.; the precentors lands
comprised 102^ statute acres, situated near the town of
Elphin, and let on lease at £55. *• per annum. The
church is in ruins. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Elphin, and has a
chapel at Ballyrody.
SHANLESS.— See Shenlish.
SHANNON-BRIDGE, a village, in the parish of
Clonmac.nois, union of Parsonstown, barony of Gar-
RYCASTLE, King's county, and province of Leinster,
8 miles (S.) from Athlone ; containing 398 inhabitants.
It is situated on the river Shannon, and derives its
name and origin from a bridge which here crosses the
river and connects King's county with that of Roscom-
mon. The bridge is a handsome structure of stone,
140 yards in length ; it consists of sixteen arches, ex-
clusive of two over a parallel canal, the roadway being
level throughout. At the western or Roscommon end
are a tower and battery forming a tete-du-pont, with an
artillery barrack for 2 officers and 44 men, and a maga-
zine annexed. On a rising ground in the vicinity is an
advanced redoubt. The village is a station of the con-
stabulary police; and contains one of the two Roman
Catholic chapels belonging to the district, and the paro-
chial school.
SHANNON-HARBOUR, a village, in the parish of
Gallen, union of Parso.nstow.n, barony of Garry-
castle, Kings county, and province of Leinster,
3 miles (W.) from Cloghan ; containing 244 inhabitants.
It is situated at the junction of the Grand Canal with
the river Shannon, and near the L^ppcr Brosna river,
which falls into the Shannon a little above it. Here is
one of the stations of the Inland Steam Navigation
Company, from which, on the arrival of the canal
packet-boat from Dublin, a steamer starts for Por-
tumna, Killaloc, and Limerick. In the village is a
station of the constabulary police.
SHANRAHAN, a parish, in the union of Clog-
HEE.v, barony of Iffa and Offa West, county of Tip-
PERARY, and province of Minster, on the road from
Clonmel to Cork ; containing, with the post-town of
S H E N
S HE R
Clogheen, 7398 inhabitants. It comprises 94,923 statute
acres. Within its hmits is Shanbally Castle, the splen-
did mansion of Viscount Lisraore, erected by Mr. Nash,
of London : the demesne, which comprises 8'20 acres,
is finely wooded, and, being situated in a valley between
the Galtee and Waterford mountains, is surrounded by
scenery of a grand and imposing character. His lord-
ship lately erected a lodge in a situation of much beauty
in a glen of the Galtees, and encircled it with a planta-
tion of about I.=iO acres ; the agricultural improvements
carried on under his inspection afford employment to a
considerable number of persons. A manor court is
occasionally held. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Lismore, episeopally united in 1774 to that
of Templetenny, and in the gift of the Crown : the rec-
tory is impropriate in Lord Lismore, and Caesar Sutton,
Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £49o. 15.,
of which £311. '>. are payable to the impropriators, and
the remainder to the vicar ; there is a glebe of 2f acres,
but no glebe-house.' The gross value of the benefice,
including the glebe, before the passing of the Rent-
charge act was £434. 12. The church built in 1812,
having been condemned, was pulled down in 1846, and
a new one is in course of erection in Clogheen, on a site
presented by Lord Lismore, who has also contributed
£300 towards the building; the estimated cost is £1200,
of which £900 have been granted by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish, under the name of Clogheen, is co-extensive
with that of the Established Church ; and contains the
chapels of Clogheen, and Burncourt or Shanbally Cross.
At Burncourt are the ruins of a fine old castellated
mansion, originally erected by one of the barons of
Ikerrin, and besieged and taken by a party of Crom-
well's army : it was inclosed in a bawn or court of
considerable extent, surrounded by a high wall, and,
with its tall gables and chimneys, still forms a striking
object. At Shanrahan is the burial-place of the O'Cal-
laghan family, of which Lord Lismore is the head.
Quin, the celebrated actor, is said to have been a native
of this parish.
SHEANNA, a small village, in the parish and union
of R.\THDRUM, barony of Ballinacor, county of Wick-
low, and province of Leinster, ,5 miles (W. by S.)
from Rathdrum, on the road to Tinahely ; containing
about 15 houses and 95 inhabitants. Here is a chapel
of ease to Ballinaclash district parish, in which it is
situated.
SHEFFIN, a parish, in the union of Kilkenny,
partly in the barony of Cranagh, but chiefly in the
barony of Galmoy, county of Kilkenny, and province
of Leinster ; containing 822 inhabitants, and com-
prising 2488 statute acres. It is in the diocese of
Ossory, the rectory is appropriate to the Dean and
Chapter of the cathedral of Kilkenny, and the vicarage
forms part of the uni(m of Aghoure. The tithe rent-
charge is £100. 19., of which £67. 6. are payable to
the lessee of the appropriators, and the remainder to
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is part of the district of Lisdowney.
SHENLISH, or Shanless, a parish, in the union
and barony of Ardee, county of Louth, and province
of Leinster, 1 mile (S. W.) from Ardee, on the road to
Kells and Navan ; containing 530 inhabitants. It is
situated on the confines of the county of Meath, and
510
comprises 2038;|: statute acres, of which 217 are under
water ; the land is in general of good quality, and chiefly
under tillage. Shenlish is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Armagh, forming part of the union of Ardee : the rec-
tory is impropriate in Viscount Ferrard, to whom the
tithe rent-charge, amounting to £61. 17.6., is entirely
payable. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the
parish forms part of the union or district of Ardee.
SHERCOCK, or Killan, a parish, in the union of
Bailieborough, barony of Clonkee, county of Cavan,
and province of Ulster, 5 miles (N. W.) from Carrick-
macross, and on the road from Kingscourt to Cootehill ;
containing 5544 inhabitants. It comprises 82^1 statute
acres : the land, in general good, is chiefly under tillage,
producing crops of oats, potatoes, and flax. On the
townland of Glasleck, about two miles south of the vil-
lage and contiguous to the Bailieborough road, appears
a thick stratum of coal of a very sulphureous quality ;
also some iron-ore ; but neither is worked : here are
several quarries of good building-stone. The village,
which comprises 82 houses, has a receiving-house for
letters under Carrickmacross, and is a constabulary
police station ; a court for the manor of Pierce Court is
occasionally held here, for the recovery of debts under
40i-., and petty-sessions on alternate Thursdays. There
is a market for flax, poultry, and pigs, every Wednes-
day ; also a corn-market every Saturday ; and fairs,
where horses, cows, sheep, asses, and goats are exposed
for sale, take place on the second Wednesday of every
month. The weaving of coarse linen was once carried
on to a great extent, but of late years it has considerably
diminished. Lough Sillan, or Swillan, is a fine sheet of
water, some miles in circumference, and surrounded by
picturesque hills formerly clothed with wood : on the
north its shores are planted, while on the south the
ground is elevated, and covered with corn-fields ; the
view of the whole being bounded by high hills. The
gentlemen's seats are Shinan and Northlands.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Kilmore, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe
rent-charge is £145. 11.8. The glebe-house was erected
by aid of £100 and a loan of £900 from the late Board
of First Fruits, in 1819 ; the glebe comprises 292f acres,
valued at £406 per annum. The church adds much to
the appearance of the village ; it was built about 60
years since, and a tower has been since added to it. la
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is united to
48 townlands of Bailieborough parish, being the ancient
parish of Killan, which name is still retained in the
Roman Catholic Church : the chapel is at Kilcrossbawn.
Tliis is the birthplace of Richard Brinsley Sheridan,
whose family resided here.
SHERKIN.— See Innisherkin.
SHERLOCKSTOWN, a parish, in the union of
Naas, barony of North Naas, county of Kildare, and
province of Leinster, 2 miles (S. E.) from Clane, on
the road to Celbridge ; containing 57 inhabitants. It
is situated on the Grand Canal ; comprises 917^ statute
acres ; and contains Sherlockstown House, the hand-
some modern mansion of W. R. Sherlock, Esq., and
Prospect, belonging to the same family. It is a per-
petual curacy in the diocese of Kildare, now suppressed,
but lately forming part of the union of Bodenstown :
the tithe rent-charge is £26. 5. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is in the district of Kill and Lyons.
SHIN
SHILLELAGH, an ecclesiastical district, and the
head of a union, in the harony of Shillelagh, county
of WiCKLOw, and province of Leinstkk, 3 miles (N. W.)
from Carnew, on the road to Tuilow, and contiguous to
the small river Dcrry : the population is returned with
Carnew, out of which this district was formed in 1833 ;
the village of Shillelagh contains 186 inhabitants. The
district takes its name from the wood of Shillelagh, once
the most celebrated forest in Ireland for the excellence
of its oak, which was exported to diU'erent parts of
Europe ; and it is said that Turlogh, King of Leinster,
sent hence the oak for the roof of Westminster Hall to
William Rufus. Agriculture has much improved here
within the last few years ; the late Earl Eitzwilliam re-
claimed an extensive tract of bog and waste land by
draining and trenching, under the superintendence of
Mr. Mill, from Scotland. Adjoining the village are ex-
tensive flour, carding, and bone mills, and a bleaching
green. The villages of CooUattin and Coolboy are within
the district, as is also the handsome seat of CooUattin
Park, the property of Earl Fitzwilliam and the residence
of his lordship's agent; the mansion is very large, and
situated in a fine park of about 400 acres, tastefully laid
out, and planted with a variety of forest-trees. In the
district are also Hillbrook, pleasantly situated in a rich
demesne embellished with timber ; and Coolboy House.
The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Ferns,
and in the patronage of the Rector of Carnew : there is
neither glebe nor glebe-house. The church, erected in
1834, is in a picturesque situation, and in the mixed
Gothic style of architecture, with a tower embattled, and
surmounted with a spire ; the interior is elegantly fitted
up, and the whole is of hewn granite : the cost was
£'2500, of which sum the Board of First Fruits gave
£900, the remainder being supplied by Earl Fitzwilliam,
excepting a sum received for the sale of a few seats. In
the Roman Catholic divisions Shillelagh forms part of
the district of Carnew and Crosspatrick. Here is a
lending library. The workhouse of the union, on a site
of 6^ acres held at a rent of £8, was completed in 1841
at a cost of £.5300, for 400 inmates.
SHILVODAN, a grange, in the barony of Upper
TooME, union and county of Antrim, and province of
Ulster, 4^ miles (N.) from Antrim, on the road to
Ballymena; containing 1366 inhabitants; and com-
prising, according to the Ordnance survey, 3546| sta-
tute acres of land, partly consisting of mountain.
SHINRONE, a post-town and parish, in the union
of RoscREA, barony of Clonlisk, King's county, and
province of Leinster, 5 miles (W. by N.) from Roscrea,
and 63| (S. W.) from Dublin ; containing '2563 inhabit-
ants, of whom 1054 are in the town. This place was
the scene of some hostilities during the war of 1641 :
the old castle of Cangort, which was garrisoned for the
king, made a vigorous defence against the parliamenta-
rians, by whom it was besieged, till it was betrayed into
the hands of its assailants, who burned it. The town
contains '215 houses, several of which are neatly built,
and in the parish are many eligible spots for the esta-
blishment of factories. The inhabitants are principally
employed in agriculture ; the only trade is in flour, for
which there are extensive mills at Keelogues, and two
others on a smaller scale. The market is not regularly
held ; there are fairs, chiefly for stock, on July 9th and
Nov. '21st. A constabulary police force is stationed
511
S II II u
in the town, and petty-sessions are held every Tues-
day.
The parish comprises 486Hi statute acres : the land
is of good quality ; the greater portion is under tillage,
and based on limestone ; the system of agriculture is
much improved, and there is an abundant supply of
bog. The principal seats in the parishes forming the
ecclesiastical union are, Cangort, a handsome mansion
erected on the site of the ancient castle ; Cangort Park,
a modern mansion in a demesne embellished with some
fine old timber ; Glasshouse ; Milltown ; Oakwood ;
Rutland ; Corolanty ; Clareen ; Derry ; Ballingor ;
Annaville; Bellfield ; and Rathcahill. The living is
a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, united
by act of council in 179'2 to the rectory and vicarage of
Kilmurry-Ely and the rectory of Kilcomin, and in the
patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £145. 8. The glebe-house, towards the erec-
tion of which the late Board of First Fruits made a gift
of £100, was built in 1/94; the glebe here comprises
2 If acres, exclusively of 54| acres in the other parishes
of the union. The tithe of the whole benefice amounts
to £33". 13. The church, a handsome building, wa.'^
erected in 1823, the late Board of First Fruits granting
a loan of £2300. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
parish of Kilmurry-Ely ; in each of these is a chapel.
There are two places of worship for Wesleyan Method-
ists. A poor's fund and a loan fund are supported by
subscription ; and there are also a dispensary and a
fever hospital. On the demesne of Corolanty are the
ruins of an old castle. There are two chalybeate springs
in the parish, not much frequented.
SHORE ISLAND, in the parish of Kildysart,
union of Kilrush, barony of Clonderlaw, county of
Clare, and province of Munster ; situated in the river
Shannon, and comprising 28 statute acres.
SHRONELL, or Shronehill, a parish, in the
barony of Clanwilliam, union and county of Tippe-
rary, and province of Munster, 3 miles (S. W.) from
Tipperary ; containing 1114 inhabitants. This parish
comprises 2806 statute acres ; a portion is arable, but
the greater part pasture. The chief seats are Ballinard.
Shronehill, and Damcrville. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, and in the patronage
of the'^Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £93. 15.; there
are 5 acres of glebe, and a glebe-house built in 1S29 by
aid of a loan of £310 and a gift of £400 from the Board
of First Fruits. The church was built about 1809, and
the tower by aid of a loan of £300 in 18 IS from the
Board. Damer's Court was built, about a century since,
by John Damer, Esq. ; it afterwards passed to the Earl
of Dorchester, then to Lady Caroline Damer, his daughter
and sole heir, and is now the property of the Earl of
Portarlington. The mansion, which was a large and
magnificent building, was taken down in 1*76, and
little remains but the offices, which are in a state of
dilapidation.
SHROWL.— See Abbeyshrule.
SHRUEL, or Shrule, a parish, in the union of
Ballymahon, barony of Rathcline, county of Long-
ford, and province of Leinster ; containing, with the
post-town of Ballymahon, 36/1 inhabitants. This
parish, which derives its name, signifying " the bloody
stream, " from a battle fought here in 960 (noticed in
S H R U
the article on Ballymahon), is situated on the river
Inny, which bounds it on the south ; and comprises
ep^^i statute acres. The lands are generally of good
quality; about three fourths are under tillage, and the
remainder low pasture or meadow; the soil is fertile,
and the system of agriculture improved. Limestone
abounds, and is quarried for agricultural purposes and
for building : at Terlicken are quarries of flagstones of
very good quality. In the immediate neighbourhood of
Ballymahon, and throughout the parish, are numerous
gentlemen's seats, among which are, Newcastle ; Bally-
mulvey, the property of the Shouldham family ; Moigh ;
Castlecore ; Drininacor; and Rockfield. Spinning and
weaving are carried on in several of the farmhouses ;
and near the bridge of Shruel, but in the parish of
Nogheval, are flour and oat mills producing annually
about 4000 barrels. The small lake of Drum, which
discharges its superfluous waters into the Inny, abounds
with pike of large size but inferior quality. The Royal
Canal passes through the parish.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardagh,
and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is im-
propriate in the vicars- choral of the cathedrals of Christ
Church and St. Patrick, Dublin. The tithe rent-charge
is f'iSS. 11. 11., of which £14.5. 16. '2. are payable to
the impropriators, and £9'2. 15. 9. to the vicar. The
glebe-house, towards the erection of which the Board of
First Fruits contributed £400 and a loan of £370, in
1S13, is a good residence ; and the glebe comprises 34
acres, valued at £4.5. 9- per annum. The church, a
handsome edifice situated in Ballymahon, was enlarged
in 18'24, the Board of First Fruits granting a loan of
£1140. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish,
called sometimes Ballymahon, and forming one of the
bishop's parishes, is co-extensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church ; the chapel is a spacious and well built
edifice. Tiiere are some remains of the ancient parish
church at Shruel ; the cemetery is still a favourite
burial-place. In addition to the castles of Ballymahon
and Castlecor, noticed in the article on that town, are
the remains of the castle of Barnacor, apparently built
to defend the pass of the river in co-operation with
Lot's Castle on the opposite bank. On the hill of Mul-
lavorna was a monastery, which was eventually removed
to Foighy. On the townland of Cartronboy is a cavern
containing several chambers, within the area of a
Danish rath.
SHRUEL, a pari.sh, in the union of Carlow, barony
of Slievemargue, Queen's county, and province of
Leinster, 2^ miles (N.) from Carlow ; containing 165
inhabitants. This parish is situated on the river Bar-
row, which separates it from the counties of Carlow and
Kildare ; it comprises 98'25: statute acres. The castle
of Shruel was built in the reign of Elizabeth, soon after
the reduction of Leix to English government, by Sir
Robert Hartpoole, constable of Carlow Castle, and go-
vernor of the Queen's county ; his extensive possessions
have passed through female heirs into other families.
The castle, once of some importance, is a massive pile,
situated on the bank of the Barrow. Hollymount, the
seat of the Fishbourne family, is also in the parish.
Shruel is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, forming
part of (he union of Slatey : the tithe rent-charge is
£35. 12. 3. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is held with part of Killabin.
512
SI L V
SHRULE, or Shruel, a parish, in the union of
Ballinrobe, barouy of Kilmaine, county of Mayo,
and province of Connaught, Sf miles (N.) from Head-
ford, and on the road from Galway to Westport ; con-
taining 5087 inhabitants, of whom 729 are in the village.
This parish is situated on the river Blackwater, which,
running past the village, separates the counties of Mayo
and Galway : it comprises 11,600|- statute acres. The
land is of good quality, and chiefly under tillage ; the
system of agriculture is much improved, and the wheat
produced here is considered to be the best in the county:
the only waste land is bog, which might be easily re-
claimed and converted into good pasture. Limestone of
excellent quality is found in abundance, and quarried
for agricultural purposes and for building. The princi-
pal seats are, Dalgan Park, a spacious mansion of hewn
limestown, in the Grecian style, with a noble hall sup-
ported on lofty Corinthian columns and lighted by a finely
proportioned dome ; Riverview ; Glen Corrib ; Shrule ;
Ballycurrin Castle ; and Houndswood. The village con-
tains 122 houses, many of which are neatly built; and
the salubrity of the climate is such as to render it a de-
sirable residence for invalids. To the rear of Riverview
is a hamlet called Gurtloygraph, in which are many in-
stances of longevity. An extensive brewery is carried
on, and there are large corn-mills : a market for corn is
held every Thursday, and is abundantly supplied ; there
are fairs on Easter-Monday, July 26th, and Nov. 11th.
A police force is stationed in the village, and petty-
sessions are held on alternate Thursdays.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Tuara, and
in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory forms
part of the union or wardenship of Galway, and the
tithe rent- charge is £193. 2., of which £137- IS. are
payable to the Warden of Galway, and the remainder to
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is in the diocese of Galway, and is co-extensive with
that of the Established Church : the chapel is a neat
edifice in the ancient English style, with a square tower,
towards the erection of which £1300 were contributed
by Mr. Kirwan, of Dalgan Park, who also gave the
ground; it has a handsome marble altar-piece, pre-
sented by T. Martin, Esq. About five miles from Shrule
is a Franciscan convent, endowed by the Lynch family
with 30 acres of land, and to which a chapel is attached.
Some interesting remains of the old castle and of the
ancient abbey of Shrule are still in existence. In the
demesne of Ballycurrin are the remains of the castle of
that name, in good preservation ; the floors are perfect,
and it might easily be rendered habitable : from the
summit are extensive views of Lough Corrib, Conne-
mara, and the surrounding country.
SHYANE, a parish, in the poor-law union of
Thurles, barony of Eliogarty, county of Tipperary,
and province of iNIunster, containing 359 inhabitants,
and comprising 909 statute acres. It is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Cashel, forming part of the union of
Thurles ; the rectory is impropriate in the representative
of N. Taylor, Esq., and in W. Downes, Esq. : the tithe
rent-charge is £33. 4. 3., of which £10. 3. '■ are payable
to the impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar.
SILVERMINES, a village, in the parish of Kil-
more, union of Nenagh, barony of Upper Ormond,
county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 4
miles (S.) from Nenagh, and on the old road from Lime-
S I X M
S K E I
rick to Dublin ; containing 6S'2 inhabitants. This place
takes its name from some mines which were worked
here under the direction of Lord William Russell and
Sir Charles Brooke, who held them from the crown,
previously to the parliamentary war in 1641, when the
works were destroyed, and the miners, who were chiefly
foreigners, were all massacred. The lead- ore extracted
from these mines was exceedingly pure, and contained a
larger proportion of silver than any of the Irish ores, with
the exception only of those of Bangor. The mines are
now the property of Lord Dunally, whose seat, Kilboy,
is within a mile of the village, and from whom they were
till recently held by an English company, by whom they
were brought into extensive operation. Machinery of
every kind requisite to facilitate the various operations
was constructed ; smelting-houses were erected, and
several hundred men employed by the company : the
mines, however, are not at present worked. The village
contains 134 houses, several of which are neatly built.
Fairs are held on May 1st, June 8th, Sept. l'2th, and
Oct. '25th, chiefly for farming stock. The parish church
of Kilmore, a neat edifice with a spire, ornamented with
a beautifully painted window representing Faith, Hope,
and Charity, and containing a monument to the late
Lady Dunally, is situated in the village ; in which are
also a plain Roman Catholic chapel, and a dispensary.
SINGLAND, Limerick. — See Patrick, St.
SINGLESTREET, a village, in the parish of Innis-
MACSAiNT, poor-law union of Ballyshannon, barony
of Tyrhugh, county of Donegal, and province of
Ulster ; containing 314 inhabitants.
SIX-MILE-BRIDGE, a post-town, in the parish of
KiLFiNAGHTY, barony of Lower Bunratty, union of
E.N'Nis, county of Clare, and province of Munster,
S miles (N. W. by W.) from Limerick, and lOlf (\V. S. W.)
from Dublin, on the old mail road from Limerick to
Ennis ; containing 848 inhabitants. This place is called
in Irish Abhu'mn O'Gearna, from the river Gearna or
Ougarnee, on which it is situated : it was formerly of
some note, and had a chapel or vicarial house belonging
to the Dominican friars of St. Saviour, Limerick, of
which no vestige now exists. The town, which is irre-
gularly built, in 1841 contained 160 houses. Although
advantageously situated on the river Ougarnee, which
flows into the Shannon at Bunratty, and is navigable
thence for boats to within half a mile of the town, Six-
niile-bridge has been long declining ; its market, held
on Friday, has been abandoned, and the market-house,
once a handsome building, is now unroofed. A large
mill, formerly used for grinding corn, and since used as
a paper-mill, has lately been discontinued ; as have some
mills below the town for several years. A fair held on
Dec. 5th for store and fat cattle is much frequented by
provision-merchants from Cork and Limerick. General
sessions are held here in June ; petty-sessions occasion-
ally on Tuesdays ; and a seneschal's court usually once
in six weeks, for tjie recovery of small debts. A con-
stabulary police force is stationed in the town. The
sessions-house is a commodious building, attached to
which is a small but well-regulated bridewell, consisting
of 5 cells, 'i day-rooms, and 2 yards. Here are the
church of the Protestant union of Bunratty, and the
principal Roman Catholic chapel of the district. The
former is an old edifice ; the tower, being considered
insecure, was taken down a few years since, and for re-
VoL. II.— 513
building it and repairing tlie church the Erdosiastical
Commissioners lately granted £54'2. In the Roman
Catholic divisions Six-mile-bridge gives name to the
district, comprising the parishes of Kilmurrynegaul,
Kilfinaghty, and Finogh, and containing the chapels of
Six-mile-bridge and Kilmurry ; the former is a spacious
modern building. The school-house near the chapel is
a large building, erected by subscription about 20 years
since ; the classics are taught in this school, which is
under the superintendence of the parish priest. A dis-
pensary for the poor is open three days in the week.
SIX-MILE- BRIDGE, a village, in the parish of
Manister, or Monaster-Nenagh, barony of S.mall
County, union and county of Limerick, and province
of Munster ; containing 1/4 inhabitants.
SIX-MILE-CROSS, a village, in the parish of Ter-
MONMAGUiRK, uuiou and barony of O.viagh, county of
Tyrone, and province of Ulster, 6 miles (S. E.) from
Omagh, on the road to Dungannou ; containing 355
inhabitants. The village contains 76 meanly built houses,
many of them thatched ; it has a sub-post to Omagh
and Dungannon. A court for the manor of Feena is
held once a month, for the recovery of debts under 40s. ;
and a constabulary police force is stationed here. The
village, manor, and lands around, are the property of
the Earl of Belmore and Colonel Sir William Verner.
A very handsome and commodious church was built in
1835, by aid of a grant of £900 from the Board of
First Fruits, and private donations : the district at-
tached to it embraces townlands of the parish, and of
Errigal-Keeroge and Clogherney contiguous. A small
chapel here, probably erected by one of the lords Glen-
awley, was used for public worship until the parish
church was built, in I786. In the village are a meeting-
house for Presbyterians, and a male and female school.
The lords Glenawley, to whom all the surrounding pro-
perty formerly belonged, had their chief residence here,
a small fragment of the castle being still in existence.
SKEIRKE. a parish, in the barony of Claxdonagh,
Queen's county, and province of Leinster, iJ mile
(S. S. W.) from Burros-in-Ossory, on the road to Tem-
pleraore ; containing 1056 inhabitants. This parish
comprises 333~ statute acres : the land is generally of
good quality, and the greater portion is under tillage ;
the system of agriculture is improved, and there is nei-
ther waste nor bog. The principal seats are Ballyrael-
lish and Skeirke Cottage. The living is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Ossory, and in the patronage of the
Crown ; the rectory is impropriate in the corporation
of Kilkenny. The tithe rent-charge is £101. 5., two-
thirds payable to the impropriators, and the remainder
to the vicar: the glebe comprises 1 87 acres ; there is
no glebe-house. The church, towards the erection of
which the late Board of First Fruits granted a loan of
£500, in 1831, is a small neat edifice. There are some
Druidical remains, situated near the church, on a high
hill, and consisting of a circular area inclosed with an
earthen rampart, and surrounded with a fosse : in the
centre of the area is a pyramidal stone, about six feet
high, with fragments of several others ; and towards
the north is a high mound with a flat summit. In the
parish are also considerable remains of Garran Castle,
one of the feudal fortalices of the Mac Gill-Patrick, or
Fitzpatrick family, anciently kings of Ossory, and by
Henry VIII. created barons of Upper Ossorv. The
3 U
S K E L
style of its architecture proves it to have been erected
in the reign of Elizabeth, who, by letters-patent in the
42(1 of her reign " granted the castle of Garrane" (among
many others) to Florence Fitzpatrick, baron of Upper
Ossory, and John Fitzpatrick : this grant must have
been a confirmation of Florence's title, probably on sur-
render ; for Garran had formed a portion of the posses-
sions of the family from the earliest times. Beneath the
church is the site of the castle of Skeirke, in a field
still called the " Castle quarter ; " it belonged to the
powerful sept of the O'Duigans, as appears by an in-
scription, in Roman characters, on a head-stone now in
the churchyard. The name of Duigan, now spelled
Deegau, is still common among the peasantry of the
locality.
SKELLIGS, THE, three islands in the parish of
KiLLEMLAGH, uiiion of Cahirciveen, barouy of Ive-
RAGH, county of Kerry, and province of Munster;
the principal, or the Great Skellig, being S miles (W. N.
W. |n.) from Bolus Head, and 7f (W. S. W.) from Bry
Head in the island of Valentia. They form a range of
lofty and widely detached masses of rock, extending in
a west-south-westerly direction from Puffin Island, an
insulated rock forming the south-western extremity of
the coast of Kerry. The first from the coast is a circu-
lar rock called the Lemon, which abounds with various
kinds of fowl, and has an elevation considerably above
high-water mark ; near it are two smaller rocks, which
are dry at half ebb, but have 30 fathoms' depth on the
north side. Three miles farther, in the same direction,
is the Middle or Little Skellig, consisting of a reddish
kind of slate, rising abruptly from the sea, and fre-
quented by vast immbers of gannets, or Solan geese,
and a great variety of other birds ; the people of the
main land take these gannets for their feathers, which
are valuable as articles of trade, and also for food, which
savours of fish, and is eaten on fast days.
About a league farther from the shore is the Great
Skellig, in lat. ,51° 49' (N.), and Ion. 10° 32' 30" (W.) ;
it is a stupendous mass of slate rock rising majestically
from the sea, and at the height of .50 or 60 yards divid-
ing into two pyramidal summits, the taller of which has
an elevation of 1500 feet above high-water mark. The
middle region of the island forms a plain of about three
acres, surrounded by precipitous elevations which over-
hang the waters ; it affords some short but nutritious
pasturage, and there are indistinct traces of former cul-
tivation. This spot, in the earlier ages of Christianity,
was selected as a place of religious seclusion : there are
still some remains of the abbey of St. Finian, and of
the cells of the monks who formerly lived here in the
most austere solitude ; the chapels or cells are built of
stone dovetailed without mortar, and apparently in imi-
tation of Roman architecture, with conical roofs of the
same material. In 81 2 the Danish pirates jjlundered
this little monastery ; and the monks, unable to obtain
supplies of provisions, died of famine. There are also
the remains of two small wells, which, with the chapels,
were dedicated to St. Michael. The island has only two
coves in which a landing can be effected ; according to
Keating and other Irish historians, Irr, one of the sons
of Milesius, attempting to land here, was shipwrecked
and buried in the isle. Near the summit of the higher
cliff is a projecting crag overhanging the sea and having
at the extremity a rudely carved cross, which it was
514
SK E R
considered an act of the most determined devotion to
kiss ; which appalling task was frequently enjoined as a
penance upon pilgrims, who visited the island for that
purpose. The monastery became a cell to the abbey of
St. Michael at Ballinskelligs baj', subsequently founded
for monks of the order of St. Augustine, and the ruins
of which still form an interesting object on the shores
of the main land. The water at the base of the island
is 90 fathoms deep, and abounds with a variety of fish.
On the south side are two lighthouses at a distance of
650 feet from each other, distinguished by the names of
the Upper and Lower Skellig rock lights ; they exhibit
fixed bright lights, at an elevation of 173 feet above the
level of the sea at high-water mark, bearing from each
other N. by E. and S. by W., and are so arranged as to
answer the purpose of leading lights to vessels sailing
either north or south. The erection of these lighthouses
has been the means of preventing much loss of life and
property ; scarcely a winter previously elapsed without
frequent and fatal shipwrecks, which since their com-
pletion have been of rare occurrence. The light-keepers
are sometimes cut off from all communication with the
main land for months together, and as there is no supply
of wholesome water on the island, they suffer at those
times the greatest privations : it requires a perfectly
calm day, and a very steady and skilful crew, to effect a
landing on the rock. The rugged sides of the higher
peaks present immense masses of a rotten slaty sub-
stance, apparently decomposed by the electric fluid ;
and it is not improbable that there may have been a
third peak, destroyed by the same means.
SKERRIES, a sea-port and fishing town, in the
parish of Holmpatrick, union of Balrothery, barony
of Balrothery East, county of Dublin, and province
of Lein'ster, 3:| miles (S. E.) from Balbriggan ; con-
taining '2417 inhabitants. The town is situated on the
eastern coast, and was the place at which Sir Henry
Sydney landed, in 1575, when sent by Queen Elizabeth
as lord-deputy of Ireland : it contains 536 houses,
chiefly inhabited by persons employed in the fishery ;
and in the neighbourhood are several handsome villas.
Previously to the withdrawing of the fishery bounties,
the trade of this place was very considerable ; at pre-
sent only 46 boats, of 40 tons and carrying 7 men each,
are employed in the fishery. The comparative scarcity
of fish, hovi'ever, may be another cause of the decline of
the trade. Off the coast are the islands called the
Skerries, within which is a broad beach of sand dry at
low water, extending from Shenex Island, the most
southern, to Red Island, the most northern, and con-
nected with the main land by a causeway which, with a
small pier on the north side, forms the harbour of
Skerries. This harbour is capable of being made one
of the best on this part of the coast, having a good
roadstead which is safe in southerly winds : the chan-
nel between Red Island and Colt Island is only fit for
boats ; but within St. Patrick's Isle are from 3 to 4
fathoms of water. Tambour-work is carried on to a
very considerable extent, affording employment to more
than 700 persons. A receiving-house for letters here is
in connexion with Balbriggan. Fairs for cattle and
pigs are held on April 26th and Aug. 10th ; a consta-
bulary police force is stationed in the town, and it is
also a coast-guard station, being one of the nine that
constitute the district of Swords. The parish church,
S K K II
S K I B
a neat edifice, to which an embattled tower crowned
with pinnacles was added, in IHI9, by Hans Hamilton,
Esq., adjoins the town ; and there is also a Roman
Catholic chapel, erected in 1823, a spacious and hand-
some edifice. There are circulating libraries in con-
nexion with both. The parochial school-house, with
apartments for the master and mistress, was erected at
the expen.se of the family of Hamilton, and is near the
church ; the national schools are situated in the town,
in which is also a dispen-sary. On the Red Island,
and on that of Shenex, are martello towers ; and on
St. Patrick's Isle are some remains of an ancient
church.
SKERRY, Skirrik, or Squirre, a parish, in the
union of B.\llymkn.\, barony of Lower Antrim,
county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 3 miles
(.\. E.) from Ballymena ; on the river Braid, and on the
roads leading respectively from Glenarra and Lame to
Ballymena ; containing 5349 inhabitants. It comprises
'26,176 statute acres. The surface is mountainous, and
the soil varied : the lower lands are fertile and well
cultivated, but in other places the ground is entirely
neglected ; there are large tracts of bog producing abun-
dance of fuel, and of waste and mountain land affording
rough pasturage. The principal seats are Knockboy,
Bushyfield, Nowhead, White Hall, Tullymore, Glencairn,
and Claggan, a splendid hunting seat. Coal and iron-
stone have been discovered, but neither has been yet
worked ; basalt of every description is obtained in
abundance, and greenstone is found in some places.
At Knockboy is an e.\tensive mill for spinning linen-
yarn and flax, and the weaving of linen-cloth is car-
ried on in almost every house. An annual fair is held
at Tullymore, on Nov. 17th, for cattle, horses, pigs, and
pedlery.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Connor,
united from time immemorial with the rectory of Raca-
van, and in the patronage of the Marquess of Donegal :
the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £'299- 11., and of
the entire benefice, which is popularly called the union
of the Braid, £537. 3. The ancient church has been
long in ruins ; the present, situated in the town of
Broughshane, and which is the church of the union, is
a small edifice in the Grecian style of architecture, with
a handsome spire. It was erected by Charles, ancestor
of the present Viscount O'Neill, probably about the
year I765, on condition of the parishioners keeping it
in repair ; a gallery was added to it, and a vestry built,
at the expense of the parish, in 1«29 : there is a beauti-
ful marble font, the gift of the Rev. Mr. Crawford. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish, with Dunaghy,
is called the parish of Glenravel. Here is an excellent
parochial school-house, in which divine service is per-
formed on alternate Sundays. The late Alex. Davison,
Esq., bequeathed £100 towards the education of poor
children.
The ruins of the ancient church, in which were in-
terred many of the ancestors of Viscount O'Neill, are
situated on the summit of a conical hill, and form a
conspicuous object for many miles round ; there are
also numerous forts, raths, and artificial caverns, in the
parish. It is said that small particles of gold have been
found in the rills riinning from the hills where the
greenstone is obtained ; and in the valley of the river
Arloags, near the bridge, are some fine basaltic columns
of four, five, six, and seven sides, exactly like tho.se of
the Giants' causeway. Above the bridge, on the same
stream, is a picturesque waterfall ; and about a mile
from Claggan is a curious cave, formed of large stones
in appearance similar to those of Druidical monuments,
and from which the townland on which it is situated is
supposed to have derived its name : several of the
stones have been removed by the peasantry, and the
plough has contributed to deface this monument of an-
cient times.
SKIBBEREEN, a market and post town, and the
head of a poor-law union, partly in the parish of An-
hevstrewry, but chiefly in that ot Creaoii, Eastern
division of the barony of West C.vkbery, county of
Cork, and province of Munster,42 miles (S. W.) from
Cork, on the mail-road to Bantry, and 167^ (S. W.)
from Dublin; containing 4715 inhabitants. In 1691,
an engagement took place in the vicinity between the
forces of James II. and Colonel Becher, who command-
ed about 500 of the militia, when the former were put
to flight, with the loss of 60 men and a large number
of cattle. Three years afterwards, a party of 40 Rap-
parees came into the town ; plundered the custom-
house, which belonged to the port of Baltimore; and
killed two revenue officers. The town, from its situa-
tion in a wild, uniiulosed part of the country, was fre-
quently the rendezvous of disaffected parties; but it
has been much improved of late years, and is now a
very flourishing place. It is situated on the southern
bank of the river Hen, and comprises seven streets ;
that part which extends into the parish of Abbeystrewry
is called Bridgetown, and consists of three streets, one
of them recently formed. The number of houses in the
whole is 753, many of which, in both parts of the town,
are large and well built : the approaches have been
much improved by the formation of new lines of road
at each extremity.
This place had formerly a considerable trade, arising
from the manufacture of woollen-cloth, linen, checks,
and handkerchiefs, which has altogether declined : it is,
however, very advantageously situated for trade, in an
extensive and improving district ; the tide from the
harbour of Baltimore flows up to the town, and the
river is navigable for vessels of '200 tons' burthen to
Oldcourt, two miles below Skibbereen. In the town
are capacious storehouses for corn, and a considerable
quantity of flour is exported from mills on the bank of
the Hen, a quarter of a mile from the town. A porter
brewery upon an extensive scale was established in
I8O9 ; and is in full operation, many of the neighbour-
ing towns being supplied from the establishment. The
market-days are Wednesday and Saturday, the former
for the Bridgetown portion, and the latter, which is the
principal market, for Staplestown. Milk, and fuel, are
exposed daily in the market-place for sale. The supply
of provisions is very abundant, particularly fish and
poultry ; pigs and sheep are also sold in great numbers.
The market-place being small, and the market-house
old and inconvenient, the articles brought for sale on
the regular market-days are exposed in the public
streets and in a place called the Square. Fairs are held
on May 14th, July 10th, Aug. Snd, Oct. l'2th, and Dec.
11th and '23rd; and petty-sessions on Wednesdays.
The sessions-house and bridewell form a large and
handsome building in the Grecian style, occupying an
3 U2
S K R E
S K R E
elevated site near the entrance to the town from Cork.
There was, also, until lately, an infantry barrack ; and
Skibbereen was the residence of the inspecting com-
mander of the coast-guard stations of the district, of
which it was the head, comprising those of Milkcove,
Glandore, Castle-Townsend, Barlogue, Baltimore, Long
Island, Crookhaven, Dunmanus, and Whitehorse, and
extending from Sheep Head to Rosscarbery. The com-
mander of the coast-guard has, however, been moved
to Castle-Townsend.
The parochial church of Abbeystrewry is situated in
Bridgetown ; it is a large edifice in the early English
style, with a tower at the east end, erected in 182", at
an expense of fl^OO, towards which £900 were contri-
buted by the late Board of First Fruits. The Roman
Catholic chapel, situated near -the sessions-house, is a
spacious and handsome edifice in the Grecian style,
erected in 1826, at an expense of £3000; the interior
is fitted up with great taste, and the altar, which is
ornamented with a painting of the Crucifixion, is very
chaste : the structure was built under the direction of
the late Dr. Collins, Roman Catholic Bishop of Ross,
who resided here ; and is the principal chapel of the
union to which Skibbereen gives name. There are also
two Wesleyan Methodist chapels. Near the Roman
Catholic chapel are large school-houses, built by Dr.
Collins, and now supported by the National Board. A
dispensary is maintained in the customary manner.
There are numerous handsome houses near the town.
The union workhouse, on a site of six acres held at a
rent of £9, was completed in 1841, at a cost of £7083,
and is constructed for 800 inmates.
SKIRTS, or Skirts of Urney, also called Derg, a
parish, in the union of Castlederg, barony of Omagh,
county of Tyrone, and province of Ulster, S miles
(VV.) from Newtown-Stewart, and on the river Derg;
containing, with the post-town of Castlederg, 5*99 in-
habitants. This parish, which in the ecclesiastical divi-
sions is generally known as Derg, Derg-Bridge, or Castle-
derg, was formerly considered to be included in the
parishes of Urney and Ardstraw ; but in 1812 the por-
tion of the latter parish was claimed by its rector, and
since that period the parish has been called the Skirts
of Urney. It comprises 17 townlauds, containing (to-
gether with the portion of Ardstraw) 14,286 statute
acres. Petty-sessions are held every second, and a
court for the manor of Hastings every third, Saturday,
at Castlederg ; where also are held a monthly court for
the manor of Ardstraw, and a monthly fair. The living
is a perpetual cure, in the diocese of Derry, and in the
patronage of the Rector of Urney : the tithe rent-charge
of the 17 townlauds over which the cure extends
amounts to £193. 17. The glebe-house is a neat build-
ing, erected in 1795, at an expense of £200, of which
£1.50 were a gift from the late Board of First Fruits ;
and there is a glebe of 30 Cunningham acres. The
church is situated at Castlederg, wkicli see. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Urney : the chapel is at Castlederg ; and
there is a place of worship for Presbyterians.
SKORMAN.— See Graystown.
SKREEN, or Skryne, a parish, in the union of
DuNSHAiGHLiN, barony of Skreen, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 3 miles (N.)' from Dun-
shaughlin ; on the roads from Dublin to Navan, and
516 .
from Drogheda to Summerhill ; containing 1156 in-
habitants, of whom 225 are in the village. This parish
was anciently called Scrinitim Suncti Columba, and ap-
pears to have derived that name from the shrine of St.
Columb having been brought from England into Ire-
land, in 875, and deposited in the monastery here. The
Danes twice plundered this religious establishment
during the eleventh century, and it was likewise ravaged
by the inhabitants of Teaffia in 1058 and in 1152. On
the settlement of Meath by Hugh de Lacy, this place
became the property of Adam de Feypo, who erected a
castle here ; his family founded and endowed a friary
for eremites of the order of St. Augustine. In the reign
of Richard II., mention is made of the " Irish town of
Skryne :" in that of Henry IV., notice is taken of its
hundred court as a borough, and of its burgage rents ;
and in the records of the 1st of Henry VI., 1423, " the
Provost and Commonalty of the town of Scryne are
ordered to be at Trim with all their power for its de-
fence ;" though at present it is a place of but little con-
sideration. The PARISH comprises 452 if statute acres ;
the lands are nearly equally pasture and arable, and the
soil is of the best quality. Fairs are held on March
17th, June 20th, and Oct. 12th, for live stock, the last
being a very large fair for sheep ; all are well attended.
Corbalton Hall, an elegant and spacious mansion, stands
in a remarkably well-wooded demesne of about 1000
acres.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath,
united by act of council in I677 to the rectory of
Rathfeigh, the vicarage of Dowthstown, the impropria-
tion of Kilcarn, and the chapelries of Templecarne and
Lismullen, and in the patronage of the Crown. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £210; and the gross
value of the benefice, before the passing of the Rent-
charge act, was £660. 1. 4. The glebe-house, situated
in this parish, was built in 1813, at a cost of £1754, of
which £100 were a gift and £900 a loan from the late
Board of First Fruits, the residue being supplied by the
then incumbent. The glebes of the union comprise 26
acres, valued at £53. 8. per annum. The church of the
union is in Templecarne; it was built about 1809, by a
gift of £500 and a loan of £500 from the Board, and
has been repaired by aid of £116 from the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district comprising this parish
and those of Taragh, Rathfeigh, Lismullen, Temple-
kieran, and Macetown, and containing two chapels, at
Skreen and Rathfeigh. The former is a handsome edi-
fice with a lofty steeple, opened in 182/ ; the interior is
very neat, and has a painting over the altar : the build-
ing was erected by subscription, to which the principal
contributors were E. Corbally and T. Maher (of Clons-
town), Esqrs. The old castle has been enlarged and
modernised, and is now occupied by a farmer. On an
eminence, and conspicuous at a great distance, are con-
siderable remains of the ancient church or monastery,
consisting of the tower and shell of the building, with a
burial-ground attached. Skryne gave the title of Baron
(now e.xtinct) to the family of Feypo.
SKREEN, or Skrine, a parish, in the barony of
Tyreragh, union and county of Sligo, and province of
Connaught, 5 miles (E.) from Dromore-West ; on the
road from Sligo to Ballina, and on Ardnaglass harbour ;
containing 4103 inhabitants. This parish was anciently
S K U L
S K U L
called Kiwik-»a-moile, and was granted byTipraid, Chief
of Hy-Fiachrii, to St. Columb : it obtained its present
name from a shrine of St. Adamnau erected liere. From
its contiguity to the shore of the Atlantic, great facility
is afforded of obtaining valuable manure : agriculture is
nevertheless very bad, the peasantry being adverse to
the adoption of any improvements, though the land is
in itself good. There is some bog in the mountains.
At Ardnaglass is a limestone-quarry, from which some
of the hewn-stone work of the new chapel at Ballina
was procured ; it bears the chisel well, and takes a
good polish. Petty-sessions are held at Ardnaglass once
a fortnight ; and fairs for cattle ou June '.J 1st, Aug. 13th,
Sept. 'i.iTi\, and Nov. l'2th. The seats are Seafort and
Tubberpatrick ; the mansion of Leckfield was acci-
dentally burnt about fourteen years since, and a bathing-
lodge has been built on its site.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Killala, and in the patronage of the Lord Primate and
the Archbishop of Dublin, who must present a fellow or
e.\-fellow of Trinity College; the tithe rent-charge is
£360. The glebe-house was built in 1807 by the then
incumbent, at a cost of £6S0 ; the glebe comprises '21
acres, valued at £5'2. 10. per annum. The church is a
neat building with a square tower, erected in 1819, near
the ruins of the former, by aid of a loan of £r200
from the Board of First Fruits : the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners lately granted £180 for its repair. The Ro-
man Catholic parish was, till recently, co-extensive with
that of the Established Church, but the quarterlaiids of
Ross and Portavude have been annexed to the district of
Dromard ; it contains a chapel. Tradition reports that
once there were seven churches within the parish, and
that an establishment existed for religious instruction ;
appearances yet remain of the foundations of many
buildings. The old castle of Ardnaglass, of which there
are considerable remains, was originally the residence of
the O'Dowds, a family of great note, and was subse-
quently in the possession of the Mac Swineys ; it is now
the property of J. Junes, Esq., whose ancestor came
over with Oliver Cromwell. At Skreen is a very fine
well, having over it a monument inscribed, " Eugenius
M'Donnuil, vicarius hiijus vile, M.F.F. 1.591 :"' it is in
excellent preservation.
SKREEN, or Skryne, a parish, partly in the barony
of E.\ST Shelm.vlier, but chiefly in that of B.\llagh-
KEEN, union and county of Wexford, and province of
Leinster, 5 miles (X. E.) from Wexford, on the coast-
road from Wexford to Oulart ; containing 438 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 1366^ statute acres; within its
limits is Ballinroan Lodge. The inhabitants are partly
employed in the herring-fishery at Carracloe, in the ad-
joining parish of St. Margaret. Skreen is an impro-
priate cure, in the diocese of Ferns, forming part of the
union of Ardcoira ; the rectory is impropriate in the
Earl of Portsmouth. The tithe rent-charge is £.5,5. 13.8.,
of which £30. 7. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the curate ; there is a glebe of 19 acres.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Castlebridge : the chapel is at the
village of Skryne ; and a residence for the Roman Ca-
tholic curate has been built on the site of the old chapel.
Here is a dispensary for the poor.
SKULL, a parish, in the union of Skibbereen,
Western division of the barony of West Carbery,
517
county of Cork, and i)roviucc of Mu.nster, 11^ miles
(\V. S. W.) from Skibbereen, on the road to Crook-
haven ; containing, with several inhabited islands in
Roaring- Water bay, 17,314 inhabitants, of whom 452
are in the village. This district is exceedingly wild and
uncultivated ; and appears, in the earlier periods of Irish
history, to have been regarded as of very great import-
ance from its numerous defiles and strongholds amidst
its rocks ; and, in later times, from the erection of
several castles by the various native septs, which on
account of their situation and strength would appear to
have been impregnable. The castles of Dunbeacon and
Dunmanus, on Dunmanus bay, were built by the sept of
O'Mahony ; the former to protect the boundary and
pass between their territories and those of the O'Dono-
vans. At Lemcon, in tire south of the parish, are the
remains of a castle which was taken, in 1602, by the
Lord-President of Monster, on his return to Cork after
the siege of Dunboy ; to the east of these, on the shore
of Roaring- Water bay, are the castles of Ardintenant
and Rossbrin ; and opposite to the former, on an island
about a mile from the shore, are the remains of Black
Castle, which gave name to the island. All of these
fortresses were erected by the sept of O'Mahony. At
Liscaha are also the remains of a very extensive fort
surrounded by a double rampart and fosse, which gives
name to that district (the term signifying " the Battle
Fort ") and where a sanguinary battle is said to have
taken place between the Irish and the Danes, in which
the latter were defeated with great slaughter. At Ra-
trovane is a similar fort, surrounded by a mound of
earth, and strengthened with a massive stone wall,
firmly built without mortar : close to this fort some
curious crypts have been discovered.
The p.\RisH forms the eastern portion of a peninsula ;
extending from Dunmanus bay, on the north, to Roar-
ing-Water bay on the south, and comprising 37.9-3
statute acres. The surface is rocky and very uneven,
rising in some parts into mountains of considerable ele-
vation ; the highest, in a chain extending from east to
west, is Mount Gabriel, 1335 feet above the level of the
sea ; the whole are of the schistose formation, in some
places passing into all the varieties of transition rock.
About one- third of the land, consisting principally of
small patches between the rocks, is under tillage ; but
the system of agriculture is in a very backward state,
and spade husbandry is in general practice. Some
tracts of mountain afford tolerable pasturage to numerous
herds of young cattle ; but the greater portion presents
only a bare rocky surface, and appears to be wholly
irreclaimable. There are also considerable tracts of bog,
producing a good supply of peat, and part of which
might be reclaimed at a moderate expense. The prin-
cipal seats are Ardmanah House, Lemcon House, Rock
Cottage, Gortnagruach, and Greenmount. The islands
within the limits of the parish are Long Island, Goat
Island, Castle Island, Horse Island, Dunmanus, Bally-
dehob, Carbery Island, the Three Calves, and the islands
of Carty and Moan.
Some very extensive copper-mines were opened on
the summit of Cappach hill by the proprietor. Lord
Audley ; they were subsequently worked by the Irish
Mining Company, and afterwards rented by the West
Cork Mining Company, who for a time suspended their
operations here while they were working the mines in
S K UL
S L A N
Horse Island, about a mile and a half distant. The ore
found at Cappach and Horse Island is very pure. The
same company, in 1S35, opened e.\tensive slate-quarries
at Audley's Cove and at Filemuck, in this parish, in
which .lOO men were constantly employed : the slate is
of e-xcellent quality, compact, hard, and durable ; and
great quantities were sent to London and other English
markets, where it was in great demand. Trials for cop-
per ore and slate have also been made with success in
various other parts of the parish, and new mines have
been opened, the working of which is highly beneficial,
by providing employment to the dense population of
this wild and hitherto almost unknown portion of the
county. The mines and quarries of the company, situ-
ated close to the shores of Roaring-'Water bay, upon a
small creek called Audley's Cove, have been abandoned ;
but the mine of Cosheen, on Skull harbour, is still
worked, and produces the very finest ore. The bay is
accessible to vessels of 600 tons' burthen : the harbour
of Skull is well sheltered, the ground level, and the
water in the anchorage averaging from three to four
fathoms ; the entrance is perfectly safe, and at all times
practicable, there being only one rock, which is situated
nearly in the centre and is dry at two hours' ebb. A
new line of road parallel with the shore, and leading
from Skibbereen to Rock Island and Crookhaven, has
been constructed, and will materially benefit the trade
of the place. The village contains about 100 houses,
several of which are modern and well built ; and has a
receiving-house for letters in conne.xion with Skibbereen.
A fair for cattle, sheep, and pigs, is held at Skull on the
.5th of January ; and fairs are also held in the village of
Ballydehob, which see. A constabulary police force is
stationed here, and also at Ballydehob ; coast-guard
stations are kept up on Long Island and at Skull. A
manorial court is held at Lemcon every third Monday,
at which debts under £5 are recoverable ; there is an
ecclesiastical manor belonging to the bishop, for which
a court is held occasionally ; and a third court is held
by the seneschal of the manor of Ballydehob. Petty-
sessions are held at Ballydehob every alternate week.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Cork, and in the alternate patronage of the Crown
and the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £637. 10. The
glebe-house is a handsome residence, and the glebe com-
prises 63| acres. The church, towards the repairs of
which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted
£■207, is a small plain edifice, erected in IJW. At
Ballydehob is a very handsome church in the later
English style, erected in IS'29 as a chapel of ease, at an
expense of £600, a gift from the late Board of First
Fruits ; divine service is also performed in three school-
rooms in the parish. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is divided into East and 'VN'est Skull, which
latter forms part of the union of Kilmoo ; in the eastern
division are three chapels, one at Ballydehob, one at
Dunbeacon, and the other at Skull, where also is a place
of worship for 'Wesleyan Methodists. There is a dis-
pensary. Near Towermore, on the road to Rock Island,
are situated the remains of a cromlech, called "the
Altar;" and on the road to Four-mile- Water are those
of another, with an imperfect circle of upright stones.
On the shores of Dunmanus bay stand the remains of
the church of Kilcoma ; and at Bawnaknuckane are the
ruins of an ancient religious house and seminary, and of
51S
the castle of Rossbrin, in which was written the Psalter
of that name by a bard of the O'Mahony family. An
old skein, or sword, was found in the churchyard in
1835; and at Quoilahmore a great number of silver
coins of the reign of Anne were recently discovered.
SLADE, a village, in the parish of Hook, union of
New Ross, barony of Shelburne, county of Wex-
ford, and province of Leinster, 5| miles (S. S. vv.)
from Fethard j containing 184 inhabitants. This vil-
lage, formerly remarkable for a salt-factory, is situated
on the bay and harbour to which it gives name. It con-
tains about 3'2 houses, and is chiefly inhabited by fisher-
men ; the scenery derives some interest from the re-
mains of Slade Castle, which was built at an early period
by the Hay family. The harbour is about one mile
eastward of Hook lighthouse, and is fit only for small
vessels, being dry at low water. Between the quay
heads are 1 1 feet of water at high spring tides, and from
S to 9 feet at neap tides ; but the pier is in a very dila-
pidated state. In the bay to the north-east of Hook
lighthouse, vessels may anchor in good ground, under
shelter from northern and western winds.
SLANE, a post-town and parish (formerly a pariia-
mentary borough), in the union of Navan, barony of
Upper Slane, county of Meath, and province of Lein-
STER, 6| miles (W. S. W.) from Drogheda, and 2'2 (N. by
W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road from Dublin to
Londonderry, and on the river Boyne ; containing 2510
inhabitants, of whom 555 are in the town. This place
is of very high antiquity, and in the earliest ages of
Christianity was the seat of a small diocese, of which
St. Eire, who had built himself a hermitage, was conse-
crated first bishop by St. Patrick ; he died in 514. On
the neighbouring hill an abbey for Canons Regular was
founded at a remote period, into which the young
Dagobert, King of Austrasia, in France, who had been
banished from his own country when only seven years
of age, was received in 653, for the purpose of being
educated ; he continued to reside in it 20 years, till re-
called to France and restored to his throne. This esta-
blishment was many times plundered, and the monks
massacred, by the Ostnien of Dublin, to whose ravages
it was peculiarly exposed. In 11*2 the town was sacked
and burned by Dermod Mac Murrough and a party of
the English ; and it was again plundered by the English
in 1175, from which period the abbey seems to have
continued in decay till the year 1512, when it was re-
stored by Sir Christopher Fleming, Lord of Slane, who
placed in it two friars who had till then resided in the
hermitage of St. Eire. On the settlement of the English
in Meath the town became a borough, and in the reign
of Henry VI. ranked as one of the middle class. The
Fleming family having been engaged in the civil war of
1641, the estate escheated to the crown ; and the lands
subsequently became the property of the Right Hon.
Wilham Conyngbam, ancestor of the Marquess Conyng-
ham. The place is within four miles of Oldbridge, where
the battle of the Boyne was fought ; and the bridge of
Slane has been on many occasions considered, and de-
fended, as a pass of importance. The town is pleasantly
situated on the northern bank of the river, which is
navigable from its estuary at Drogheda up to Navan :
it consists of S3 houses, chiefly modern and of neat ap-
pearance ; and the richness of the surrounding scenery
renders it one of the most attractive places in the county.
SL A N
S L I G
The market has been discontinued : fairs for cattle and
pips are held on the 2nd of April, June, and Sept., and
on Nov. 8th; petty-sessions on alternate Fridays. Slane
is a chief constabulary police station.
The parish comprises .">947i statute acres of land, for
the most part of inditferent quality : there is no bog,
except in the vicinity of the town. About 40 years
since, coal-works existed : but they proved unproductive,
and were abandoned. On the river, adjoining the town,
are very extensive flour and corn mills, worked l)y seven
pairs of stones ; they have an excellent supply of water,
and are capable of grinding 1000 barrels of wheat weekly.
To the west of the town is Slane Castle, the seat of the
Marquess Conyngham : it is a spacious and elegant
structure in the later English style of architecture, with
embattled turrets and pinnacles, and comprising part of
the ancient castle of the Flemings ; it is beautifully
situated on an elevated site, on the steep banks of the
Boyne, and is surrounded by a richly wooded park of
about 900 statute acres, through which that river winds.
The interior of the castle is very handsome, particularly
the circular room, which has a splendid groined ceiling
and is adorned with some good paintings, among which
are a fine picture of the Battle of the Boyne, and Sir
Thomas Lawrence's portrait of George IV., who visited
the marquess here in Aug. IS'il. The living is a
rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and in the patronage
of the Crown ; the tithe rent-charge is £303. I6. 8.
The glebe-house was built in 1S07, at an expense of
£1046 British currency, which was partly defrayed by
a gift of £100, and a loan of £500, from the late Board
of First Fruits, and the residue by the then incumbent.
The glebe comprises 12 acres, and, with some houses on
it, is valued at £41 per annum. The church is a neat
edifice with a handsome steeple, after a design by John-
ston, erected in 1712; it was enlarged in 1830, by aid
of a loan of £200 from the Board, and has been re-
paired by a grant of £134 from the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is the head of a district, comprising the parishes of
Slane, Gernonstown, Rathkeuny, Stackallen, Dunnioe,
and Fennor, and containing three chapels ; one in Rath-
kenny ; and two in this parish, one of which is a neat
structure situated in the town.
There are the ruins of the monastery and college on
the hill of Slane ; and of a hermitage in the Marquess
Conynghani's park. In the vicinity of the town are the
ancient mounts or tumuli of New Grange : the principal
is a large mound of earth, 70 feet high, and 300 feet in
circumference at the top, covering an area of an Irish
acre ; it is irregular in its form, and was surrounded at
the base by a circle of huge upright unhewn stones,
several of which remain. On removing part of the ma-
terials in 1699, a large stone was found, covering the
entrance to a gallery 62 feet long, leading to a central
arched cavern with three offsets, forming together in
their ground plan a rude cross. The entrance is only
three feet wide and two feet high, the gallery at first de-
creasing in breadth, and farther on being formed of large
upright stones on each side, with others extending hori-
zontally to form the roof, which is high enough to admit
of approach in an upright position. The dome in the
centre of the cross is of octagonal form, and about 20
feet high, constituting a coved roof of courses of flat
stones successively projecting ; in the right branch of the
519
cross is a large stone vase, within the excavated part of
which are two circular cavities less than a foot in dia-
meter. When this cavern was opened, two human
skeletons were found entire, and also some horns and
bones of deer. Slane gives the inferior title of Viscount
to the Marquess Conyngham.
SLANES, a parish, in the union of Downpatrick,
barony of Ardes, county of Down, and province of
Ulster, 4 miles (E.) from Portaferry ; containing 556
inhabitants. This parish is situated on the eastern
coast, and comprises 946i statute acres, the whole of
which is under cultivation, and produces excellent crops
of corn, flax, and potatoes. Here is Slanes Point, be-
tween which and Carney Point is a cluster of rocks and
shoals, one of which, called the South Rock, is three
miles (E. N. E.) from Carney Point, and has a light-house
called the Kilwarlin Light, erected by the Corporation
for the Improvement of the Port of Dublin. It is a re-
volving light, elevated 52 feet above the sea at high
water, with 10 lamps of a bright colour, appearing once
in a minute and a half; two bells are kept tolling in
foggy weather, by means of clock-work, to warn ma-
riners of their proximity to danger : the rocks and
shoals extend a mile, at least, to the east of the light-
house. Slanes is a coast-guard station. On the shore
are the remains of a large castellated edifice, called New-
castle, which has given name to the district; from this
is the communication with the lighthouse, and here
are the residences of the keepers. The parish is a rec-
tory, in the diocese of Down, forming part of the union
of Ballyphilip and of the corps of the chancellorship of
Down ;' the tithe rent- charge is £80. There is no vestige
of a church ; but a burial-ground remains, where once
stood an extensive edifice, traditionally said to have been
a wealthy abbey : the Protestants attend divine ser-
vice at Portaferry church. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Upper
Ardee.
SLATEY, Sleaty, or Sletty, a parish, in the union
of Carlow, barony of Slievemargue, Qceen's
county, and province of Leinster, \^ mile (N. N. W.)
from Carlow ; containing 226 inhabitants. This parish,
which is situated on the river Barrow, comprises 67 1
statute acres. The living is a rectory, in the diocese
of Leighlin, united to that of Shruel, and in the patron-
age of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish
is £45, and the gross value of the benefice is £88. 12. 3. ;
there are three acres of glebe, valued at £8 per annum.
The rector is treasurer of the diocese of Leighlin, with
a seat in the chapter. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Killeshin. St.
Fiech is said to have founded a church and bishopric
here in the fifth century, the latter of which was after-
wards transferred to Leighlin : in the churchyard are
two stone crosses of remote antiquity ; and there are
ruins of a small church called Slitb-teacli, or " The
House near the Mountains, ' which is said to have been
originally a place of great importance.
SLEATYGRAIGUE, a village, in the parish of Kil-
leshin, poor-law union of Carlow, barony of Slieu-
margue. Queen's county, and province of Leinster ;
containing 317 inhabitants.
SLIERUAGH.— See Rathpatrick.
SLIGO (County of), a maritime county of the pro-
vince of CoNNAUGHT, boundcd on the east by Leitrim,
S LI G
S L I G
on the north by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west and
south by Mayo, and on the south-east by Roscommon.
It extends from 53° 53' to 54° 26' (N. Lat.), and from
8° 3' to 9° r (W. Lon.) ; and comprises an area of
461,753 statute acres, whereof ^90,696 are arable land,
151,723 uncultivated, 6134 in plantations, 460 under
towns and villages, and 1'2,740 under water. The popu-
lation, in IS'^r, amounted to 146,2'i9 ; in 1831, to
171.50S; and in 1S41, to 180,886.
This county, in the time of Ptolemy, was included in
the territory of the Xagiutice, the chief city of which
tribe, Nagnata, is supposed by some to have been near
the site of the town of Sligo. It was afterwards pos-
sessed by a branch of the O'Conors, called for the sake
of distinction O'Conor Sligo : the families of O'Hara,
O Dowd, Mac Donagh, and Mac Ferbis, were heads of
septs in different districts. After the landing of the
English under Henry II., it gradually fell, together with
the rest of Connaught, into the hands of the great
English leaders, of whom the Burghs or De Burgos
were the most powerful in these parts. Yet this revo-
lution was not effected without a protracted struggle, in
the course of which a great battle was fought at Assa-
dar, now Ballysadere, where O'Nial, dynast of Tyrone,
was defeated with great slaughter in an attempt to re-
store Cathal Croobhderg to the throne of Connaught,
from which he had been driven by Charles Carragh,
aided by William de Burgo. Not many years after,
the site of the present town of Sligo being deemed a
suitable position for defence, a castle was erected there
in 1'245 by Maurice Fitz-Gerald, then lord-deputy,
which was destroyed in 1271, by O'Donel, but rebuilt
in the beginning of the ensuing century by Richard,
Earl of Ulster. The county was regarded as part of
Connaught, which, with the exception of Roscommon,
was considered by the English as a single county, until
the 11th of Elizabeth, when the proiince was divided
into se\en counties, of which Sligo made one. About
the same time, O'Conor Sligo had tendered his submis-
sion to Sir Henry Sidney, lord-deputy, and had ob-
tained a grant of his lands under the crown of England
at a rent of £100 per annum, with a covenant to pay
five horses and 130 beeves every Michaelmas, in lieu
of cess, and to bring twenty horsemen and forty foot-
soldiers into the field whenever summoned to attend a
general hosting. During the disturbances by which
the north and west of Ireland were distracted at the
close of Elizabeth's reign, several actions took place
in the county, in one of which the monastery of Bally-
mote was burned by the Irish. But the most remark-
able incident connected with the county at that period
was the defeat and death of Sir Conyers Clifford, who
had succeeded Sir Richard Bingham in the presidency
of Connaught. He had been sent by the Earl of Essex
to Belkek, at the head of 1400 foot, and a body of horse
consisting of 100 English and a number of Irish auxiha-
ries : in proceeding through the Curlew mountains, he
pushed forward with his infantry through a defile,
where he was suddenly attacked by O'Rourk, chieftain
of Breffny, at the head of about 200 men, with such
impetuosity that he was killed on the spot, together
with several of his officers and 120 men ; the rest being
driven back upon the cavalry, whose appearance checked
the pursuit, and gave the fugitives an opportunity of
escaping without further loss.
520
On the breaking out of the war of 1641, the county
was overrun by the De Burgos ; and though Sligo was
taken from them the year after, by Sir Frederick
Hamilton, it fell into their hands again, and remained
in their possession until finally subdued by Ireton and
Sir Charles Coote. In the war of 1688, Sligo was at
first in the possession of the troops of James II., but
they were compelled to vacate it after the siege of
Dcrry, through a stratagem contrived by Lieutenant-
Colonel Gore : the forces of William III. were, however,
too much exhausted to follow up their advantage, so
that the country fell again into the possession of the
Irish, and the town surrendered the following year to
Lord Granard. During the French invasion in 1798,
General Humbert, after the battle of Castlebar, instead
of proceeding towards Dublin, turned northwards through
this county in the hope of being able to co-operate with
a larger force destined to act upon the north of Ireland.
He was stopped at CoUooney by the city of Limerick
militia, commanded by Colonel 'Vereker, afterwards
Lord Gort, who, though much inferior in numbers, gave
him such a check as induced him to turn towards Long-
ford, where he was surrounded by the whole of the army
under the Marquess Cornwallis, and forced to surrender
at discretion.
This county is partly in the diocese of Elphin, partly
in that of Killala, but chiefly in that of Achonry. For
purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided into the baro-
nies of Carbery, Coolavin, Corran, Leney, Tiraghrill, and
Tyreragh. It contains the borough, sea-port, market,
and assize town of Sligo ; the market and post-towns
of Ballymote and Collooney ; the market-town of Coola-
ney ; and the post-town of Dromore-West : the princi-
pal villages are Ballysadere (which has a sub-post),
Tubbercorry, Ardnaree, Easkey, Grange, and Riverstown.
It sent four members to the Irish parliament, two for
the county and two for the borough of Sligo ; since the
Union its representatives in the Imperial parliament
have been the two members for the county at large, and
one for the borough. The election takes place in the
town of Sligo : the constituency, as registered in 1841,
amounted to 1093, of whom 277 were £50, 136 £20,
and 622 £10, freeholders; 2 £50, and 16 £20, rent-
chargers; and 31 £10 leaseholders. The county is in
the Connaught circuit : the assizes, and general sessions
of the peace, are held at Sligo ; general sessions
are also held four times in the year at Ballymote and
half-yearly at Easkey, in each of which towns are a
court-house and bridewell. The county gaol and court-
house are in the town of Sligo. The district lunatic
asylum is at Ballinasloe, but the greater part of the
lunatics belonging to the county are kept in the county
gaol : the county infirmary and fever hospital are in
Sligo ; and there are dispensaries at Ballymote, Carney,
Castleconner, Collooney, Coolaney, Dromore-West,
Riverstown, St. John's Sligo, and Tubbercorry. The
local government is vested in a lieutenant, 10 deputy-
lieutenants, and 83 other magistrates. There are 31
constabulary police stations, having a force of a county
inspector, 5 sub-inspectors, 5 head- constables, 29 con-
stables, and 144 sub-constables, with 6 horses; the ex-
pense of whose maintenance in 1842 was £9322. The
grand jury presentments ft)r 1S44 amounted to the
sum of £24,102. In the military arrangements the
county is included in the Athlone district, and contains
S L IG
S L I G
a barrack for cavalry at Sligo, affording accommodation
for seven officers, 96 non-commissioned officers and
men, and 60 horses.
The SURFACE is much varied. Near the sea-coast are
extensive plains backed by lofty mountains. The inte-
rior is hilly, with several lakes interspersed, and with
some rivers which, though not of great length or size,
add much to the beauty of the scenery by their romantic
borders and precipitous currents. The western part of
the county, which stretches along the southern shore
of Donegal bay, is chiefly bog, backed by a range of
lofty hills. Btnbulben, in the north, is not more re-
markable for its great elevation than for the singu-
larity of its shape : it forms the western extremity of
a range extending from Lough Erne ; its northern side
is nearly perpendicular ; the only access to its summit,
which is a table-land of some extent and covered with a
rich variety of plants, is by the south. Thence to the
town of Sligo the country is an extensive plain richly
cultivated. Knocknaree, a mountain of considerable
elevation and with a wide-spread base, situated on the
peninsula formed by the estuaries of the Sligo and Bal-
lysadere rivers, is a very striking object in every point
nf view. The Ox mountains extend along the western
verge of the county into Mayo : the whole of the south
of the county is rugged and hilly, rising into the high
range of the Curlews on the border of Roscommon.
There are three lakes remarkable alike for size and
beauty. The most northern is Lough GUI, near the
town of Sligo, on the east ; it is about nine miles long
and three broad, and studded with islands, some of
which are richly wooded, while others present an ex-
panse of verdant meadow. Of these islands two are
inhabited ; namely, Innismore, called also Church Island,
from the remains of a monastic building, the cemetery
of which is still used as a place of interment and where
the incumbent of St. John's, on his presentation, still
takes possession ; and Cottage Island, so called from a
beautiful modern lodge erected on it. Besides these,
there are 16 islands uninhabited, all more or less
wooded. Lough Arrow, nearly of the same size as the
preceding, but more irregular in its outline, and equally
remarkable for the variety of its scenery, contains the
three islands of Innismore, Innisbeg, and Annaghgowla :
there is fine fishing in this lake in April and May. At
the southern extremity of the county, and forming
part of its boundary on the side of Roscommon, is
Lough Guru, equally picturesque and irregular, and
also studded with islands, the chief of which are named
Derrymore, Inse, Inchymore, and Inchybeg. In the
Ox mountains is Louc/h Calf, or the High Lake, sur-
rounded by cliffs that seem to have been thrown up
by some extraordinary convulsion of nature. The lake,
which is about a mile long by half a mile in breadth, is
well stocked with trout of a small size, of which it is
said that, while those which teed on one side are pecu-
liarly ill-flavoured and misshapen, having heads exceed-
ing the body in size, those in other parts are of good
shape and flavour. Two islets near the centre are
covered during the summer months with flocks of gulls
and other aquatic birds. More northwards in the same
range of mountains, is Lough Laskey.
The SEA-COAST is indented by numerous bays. Near
the northern extremity is the harbour of Mullaghmore,
where a pier, which has fifteen feet depth at high water.
Vol. II.— on
has been built at the expense of Lord Palmerston, for
the accommodation of the fishermen. This part of
Lord Palmerston s estate is much injured by the spread-
ing of the sand over the surface to the depth of several
feet, which is attributed to the pulling up of the bent
that grew along the shore. Further south is Mtlhhdfeu,
an inlet of some extent, but difficult of access, and fit
only for vessels of small draught ; at its entrance is
Carrig-na-Spaniahg, or " the Spanish rock, ' so called
from the loss of one of the vessels of the Armada, which
struck upon it. At Rinorcen Point, improperly called
Gessigo, the coast expands into Sligo Bay, by an opening
five miles broad to the further extremity of the bay at
Aughris Head. On the northern side is the elevated
peninsula of Raughly, connected with the sand-hills on
the shore by a narrow neck of land. The bay then
divides into three inlets, of which that in the middle,
leading to Sligo, is the only one of importance, the
others being rocky, and nearly dry at low water ; the
northern inlet, from the shores of which come the
Lisadill oysters, is called Drumcliffe bay ; the southern
is the embouchure of Ballysadere river, at the entrance
of which is a very profitable turbot-bank. Ballysadere
river is navigable to the village, where there is as good
anchorage for shipping as at Sligo : during the last few-
years there have been a considerable export of oats and
oatmeal, and an import of coal. Salmon are prevented
from going up this river by a ledge of rock which crosses
it and forms a very fine waterfall. The passage to
Sligo, which is five miles from the coast, is tortuous
and difficult ; and vessels of large size must lie at the
mouth, as there are only ten feet of water at the
quay : they are, however, well protected by Oyster
Island and Coney Island, which form a natural break-
water at the entrance. The former of these islands has
a bed of oysters of large size but inferior in flavour
to those of Lisadill. South of Coney Island is
Magin"s Island, of small dimensions. Inrtismurray lies
two leagues out at sea, on the northern coast, rising
into a precipitous cliff towards the ocean, but shelving
down like steps towards the land ; it has but one en-
trance, called by the inhabitimts "the Hole : " a descrip-
tion of the isle is given under its own head. From
Aughris Head the coast takes a western direction along
a rocky shore to the opening into Killala Bay, and
thence to the mouth of the Moy, which forms the
boundary of the county.
The climate is very temperate, but so variable that
the best barometers are uncertain as to the indications
of wet or dry weather. The whole county may be called
a tillage country, although there are numerous tracts
more peculiarly suited to the fattening of cattle. In
the north the soil is either a thin turf moss on a free-
stone gravelly bottom, or a thin sandy loam skirted
with large tracts of bog. In proceeding southward the
soil becomes less moory, deeper, and richer. The vici-
nity of Sligo presents a plain of great fertility, resting
on a substratum of limestone or calcareous gravel. The
central baronies to the south of the town are the most
fertile, being covered, e.vcept where interrupted by hills,
with a very rich deep soil, well suited to the growth of
wheat, potatoes, and every kind of green crop. In the
southern extremity the soil changes its character wirh
the aspect of the surface, the rocky mountain traits
beine covered with a stratum of freestone gravel and
^ 3X
SLIG
SL I G
rock, interspersed with land of excellent quality fit for
every kind of tillage, or for pasturage. In the west
the soil is light and gravelly, with large tracts of black
bog and moory mountain, much of which is capable ot
improvement. The best land in the entire county is
around Ballymote. Throughout most parts occurs a
substratum called Uic-leigh, which term is corrupted
Irish for " a grey flag ;" it is found from nine to twelve
inches beneath the surface, and is, when undisturbed,
perfectly impervious, and therefore retentive of water.
Silicious marl in a concrete state seems to be its princi-
pal ingredient. It effervesces slightly with acids ; is of
a leaden-grey colour ; and, when dug up and e.xposed
to the atmosphere, resolves into a coarse-grained friable
powder. Its presence would be a complete bar to the
progress of tillage, did not experience prove that, when
dug up and well incorporated with the superincumbent
soil, it improves the compost ; and that, when broken
through, the ground below consists of a limestone-
gravel, into which the water retained by the stubborn
shell is immediately absorbed. Trenching the land for
potatoes breaks the stratum, and carries off the water
so effectually that no other drains are necessary.
The size of farms varies from three acres, and even
less, to 400 or 500. Those of larger size were formerly
held by several tenants in partnership, and consisted
usually of a small portion of tillage land to which an
extensive tract of coarse mountain and bottom land
was annexed ; but this mode of tenure is on the decline :
most of the large farms are now held by one individual,
and consist chiefly of pasture land. Tillage has increased
rapidly ; the principal crops are oats and potatoes, very
little wheat being sown. The rotation system and green
crops are common with the gentry ; and, through the
laudable exertions of Mr. Cooper and Major O'Hara,
who have formed farming societies for the diffusion of
agricultural knowledge, and for improvements in rural
economy by means of premiums, they are gradually
extending among the small farmers. A pair of horses
abreast, and driven by the ploughman, is now often
seen ; a pair of asses may also be frequently seen
ploughing, instead of horses. Oxen were formerly used
under the plough, but never are at present. In the
mountainous districts, much of the tillage is performed
by the spade or loy. Natural manures are found in
the greatest abundance in every part ; sea-sand, which
is collected in large quantities along the coast, proves
an excellent manure for potatoes, but must be spread
some time before the seed is planted, as otherwise the
potato produced by it is wet ; lime, marl, and sea-weed
are also used. Vast beds of oyster-shells stretch along
different parts of the shore, and are even found in the
interior, at some miles from the coast, at an elevation
of 60 feet above high-water mark ; they make the best
manure ; even the sand in which they are imbedded is
so impregnated with calcareous particles as to be used
beneficially for the same purpose. The fences in some
parts are broad ditches, faced with stone or sods, and
sometimes planted with quicksets ; in others they are
dry stone walls, which give a denuded and sterile ap-
pearance to the parts where they are used.
The soil is peculiarly adapted to pasturage ; the
rich low lands fatten bullocks of the largest size for the
Dublin and English markets. In the hilly districts
towards the west, sheep are grazed in large flocks ; and
522
on those in the interior, herds of young cattle are
reared. On some of the mountains, the sheep and
horses are subject to a disease called the staggers, that
often proves fatal ; yet horned-cattle feeding on the
same pasture are never subject to it. Near Ardnaree,
cattle are affected with a disease called " crasson," in
every apparent symptom similar to the gout ; in the
early stage of the complaint, feeding with hot bran has
proved an infallible remedy. The favourite breed of
cattle is a cross between the Durham and the native
cow ; that between the long-horned Leicester and the
native is also much esteemed : much attention is paid
to the breed of sheep. Around Sligo and Ballymote
are some excellent dairy-farms, and all the small farm-
ers make butter, by much the greater part of which is
shipped at Sligo for the British market. Good horses
are brought from Galway and Roscommon ; the native
breed is small, light, and unsightly. Pigs are numer-
ous, of large size, and very profitable. Goats, which
are sometimes seen on the small farms and near the
mountains, are of diminutive size, and by no means
numerous. The land indicates a strong tendency to
produce timber spontaneously : the escars are generally
covered with brushwood ; and even among the clefts of
the rocks in the mountain glens, the oak, hazel, yew,
holly, and beech, shoot forth, requiring only protection
from the inroads of cattle to come to maturity. Around
the mansions of the gentry are large and thriving plan-
tations ; planting forest-trees in hedgerows is becoming
every year more customary. The only trees that thrive
near the coast are the sycamore and the willow, whose
pliancy allows them to give way under the pressure of
the blasts from the Atlantic : alder also flourishes for a
time in these exposed situations, but soon decays. The
arbutus grows spontaneously, but does not attain the
same size as in the south-western counties; the myr-
tle is to be seen in great abundance in sheltered situa-
tions.
In a GEOLOGICAL point of view, the county forms the
north-western extremity of the great central floetz lime-
stone field of Ireland, interrupted in two places by the
mica-slate formation ; one to the south of Lough Gill ;
the other along the western mountain range, which in
its utmost extent stretches from Foxford, in Mayo, by
Collooney, to Manor-Hamilton, in Leitrim. This range
is very narrow, seldom exceeding three miles, and at
Collooney being less than a quarter of a mile, in
breadth. It is generally succeeded by beds of red or
yellowish sandstone, or by limestone. The sandstone
formation is of very unequal thickness, and irregular in
its arrangement, in some places rising into mountains,
in others not exceeding 20 or 30 feet in height : it is
sometimes, though rarely, interstratified with red or
grey sandstone-slate, in which case its resemblance to
the coal formation has led to expensive and illusory
attempts to obtain this valuable mineral. Iron-ore is
abundant in many places, particularly at Ballintogher
and at the base of the Ox mountains. Near Screevena-
muck are extensive excavations whence the ore was
raised so long as timber could be procured to make
charcoal for smelting it : the last furnace was extin-
guished in 1768. Lead-ore has been found in several
parts of the limestone district, and worked for some
time feebly and unprofitably. A silver-mine, which
produced some specimens of very pure metal, was for-
S L I G
S L I G
incrly worked ucar Ballysadore. Iron pyrites and sul-
phate of copper are often found in small detached
|)ieces, and some pure specimens of the latter metal
liave been met with in the Awenmore and Collooney
rivers ; black oxyde of manganese is often seen on the
surface, and very large pieces of the ore have been
found in several parts. At the foot of some of the
mountains, and in the beds of some rivers, carbonate of
copper and various kinds of ochre, all indicative of
extensive mineral deposits, have been discovered, as
also very beautiful amethysts in the neighbourhood of
Ballymote.
The LINEN MANUFACTURE was introduced into Sligo
by the spirited exertions of Lord Shelburue, who, in
1*49, brought hither a colony of weavers, and settled
them on his estate at Ballymote, then a thinly inhabited
and almost uncultivated waste, whose population was
employed solely in the herding of cattle. The death of
this nobleman for a time checked the progress of the
manufacture j but it revived under the guidance of Mr.
Fitzmaurite. who, on succeeding to the estate, after
having made himself practically acquainted with all the
processes of the trade, superintended the establishment
in person, and thus powerfully stimulated those engaged
in it. Each weaver was provided with a cottage, half a
rood of laud for a potato-garden, and grass for a cow ;
affording him the means of subsistence for his family,
without allowing his time or thoughts to be distracted
from his main business by the details of even a .small
farm. This well-devised exertion gave a turn to the
public mind throughout the county, and led to the
general establishment of tlfe manutacture, which flou-
rished for many years. The manufacture of unions, a
mixed fabric of linen and cotton, has been introduced,
and is carried on extensively. Mr. Fitzmaurice also
encouraged the erection of bleach-greens upon a large
scale ; and having built very extensive bleach-works
near the town of Denbigh, in North Wales, he pur-
chased the brown linens in every market of Sligo and
the adjoining counties, and thus greatly benefited both
Wales and Ireland. The linen trade is still the staple
of the county, and though by no means so prosperous
or extensive as formerly, it is briskly carried on : there
are four bleach-greens in full operation, finishing nearly
40,000 pieces annually, which are principally shipped
for England and generally destined for the American
markets. Coarse woollen cloths and friezes are made
for domestic use ; and a very extensive trade is carried
on in the purchase of flannels, druggets, stockings, and
other fabrics of Connaught manufacture. Merchants
from many parts of Ireland, but particularly from
Ulster, come to Sligo to meet the Connaught factors.
The only other branches of trade, except as connected
with the port of Sligo, are tanning, distilling, and
brewing.
Kelp is made around the greater part of the coast ;
but since the reduction of the duty on barilla, this
source of employment has declined considerably, and
much the greater portion of the plant now collected is
used as manure, being dried near the shore by the
peasantry, by whom it is sold to the farmers of the
interior, who draw it home to distances of 20 miles and
upwards. Fish is taken in large quantities off the
coast J cod, haddock, and turbot being among the most
abundant kinds. Herrings appear here in vast shoals ;
523
but as the boats and nets are badly constructed, and
very incomplete in their equipments, little advantage is
taken of this productive source of wealth. Sprats are
taken in great quantities ; indeed this is the only kind
of fishing for which either the boats or tackle arc
adapted. Oysters of excellent flavour are found in
several beds : those of Lisadill are the most sought
after; and great numbers are sent to Dublin, where
they are sometimes more highly esteemed than even the
Carlingford oysters. A very extensive and profitable
salmon-fishery is carried on at Ballina, on the river
Moy, which separates this county from Mayo ; there is
another valuable fishery at the town of Sligo, besides
some of minor importance in the smaller inlets.
The RIVERS of the county are few, and short in their
course, but generally rapid ; that which flows from
Lough Gill is usually called the Sligo river, from its
passing through the town, but its proper name is the
Garvogue. The water of Ballysadere, also named from
a town, but properly called the Awenshien, is formed by
the river Arrow, which flows from the lake of that
name and joins the Owenmore and the Owenbeg near
the town of Collooney ; the united waters constitute
the first-named river, and, flowing northward to Bally-
sadere, over a succession of cascades, form the greatest
horn or inlet of Sligo bay. The river Moy rises in the
Ox mountains, and runs nearly south, through the
barony of Leney, where it enters the county of Mayo,
flowing westward through the barony of Gallen, and
shortly after turning due north and joining the waters
of Loughs Conn and Cullcn : thence it proceeds by
Foxford to Ardmore, where it becomes the boundary
between Sligo and Mayo ; and, passing by Ballina,
Rosserick Abbey, and Moyne, to the sea, it opens into
the spacious bay of Killala. The entrance of the Moy,
which had been impassable for vessels of any size in
consequence of a bar, has been rendered navigable for
ships of large burthen, which can now come up to Bal-
lina ; this important improvement is chiefly owing to
the exertions of John Levington, Esq., a merchant in
the town. The Easkey rises in Lough Easkey between
the Ox mountains and Knocknaree, and flows due north
to the sea, parallel with the Moy. There are many
smaller streams, particularly among the mountains, all
tributary to one of those above mentioned. The roads
are numerous in the eastern part of the county, and
generally well laid out and in good order. A line, lately
completed.between Ballysadere and Ballina, through the
western baronies into Mayo, roust prove of incalculable
advantage, by facilitating the communication between
the two counties, and affording a vent for the produce
of the district it traverses, which was hitherto nearly
unprofitable for want of such an outlet. The road is
constructed on the most scientific principles.
Among the antiquities maybe mentioned the remains
of a round tower at Drumcliffe, of coarser construction
and smaller dimensions than any other now known ; it
is considerably injured by time : at the same place are
two stone crosses, one in a perfect state, the other much
mutilated and decayed. About two miles from Sligo,
on the Dublin road, the ground is overspread to a great
extent with Druidical circles, called by the peasantry
Giants" Graves : one of them, Lugna Clogh, is a crom-
lech of large stones, under which human bones have
been found. The name of Giants' houses has been given
3X2
SLIG
S LIG
to a number of grottos hollowed out of the west side of
the hill or rock of Corron, and to which access is ob-
tained only by a steep and very difficult entrance : their
origin or use has not been satisfactorily ascertained.
About a mile from Castleconnor several vaulted square
rooms have been discovered, built of large stones, and
communicating with each other by an exterior circular
passage ; in the centre is a cavity unconnected with any
of the other chambers : the place is conjectured to have
been either a granary or a cemetery of the Ostmen. On
Innismurray Island are some small chapels of great an-
tiquity, in one of which is a rudely sculptured statue of
wood, said to represent St. Molasse, the patron ; these
relics are more particularly described in the account of
the island, which see. A circular stone fort, called
Knockaraoyle Skreen, stands on the summit of a high
hill near Skreen church. Many cairns, and remains of
what seem to have been places of defence, are visible on
Knocknaree mountain. The vestiges of monastic in-
stitutions are very numerous : the ruins of those of
Ballysadere, Ballindown, Ballinley, Ballymote, Bennada,
Clonymeaghan, Court, Innismore, Innismurray, and
Sligo, are still remaining, and some of them are large
and very handsome ; those of Bile, Drumcliffe, Drum-
coUum, Drumratt, Killaraght, Kilmacoen, Kilnemanagh,
and Skreen, have been converted into parish churches.
Those of Achonry, Agharois, Akeras, Ardnary, Ardseinlis,
Athmoy, Caille, Caillevinde, Cashel, Craobhgrellain,
Druimederdalogh, Druimlias, Druimna, Echenach or
Enaceich, Emlyfadd, Enachaird, Gleandallain, Kil-
chairpre, Killuathren, Kilrasse, Knockmore, Snamluther,
and Templehouse, are known only by name. In the
yard which surrounds the church of Kilmaeteige, near
Bennada, are the ruins of an ancient building, said to
have been a college ; but no particulars of its history
are known. The principal castles, all more or less in
ruins, are those of Ardnaglass, Bahy, Ballyhara, Bally-
mote, Ballynafad, Castleconnor, Enniscrone, Lackan,
Memleck, Newtown, O'Gara, Rallee, Roselee, Sligo, and
Tanrago. The modern residences of the gentry, which
are numerous and in many instances highly orna-
mental, are more particularly noticed in their respective
parishes.
The habitations of the peasantry are very mean, but
progressively improving: the walls are sometimes of
stone, but more generally of sods, roofed with sticks,
and thatched with heath and straw, or rushes, in alter-
nate layers. The fuel is turf : the use of coal brought
from England, Wales, and Scotland, in trading-vessels
which return laden with grain, is confined to the town
of Sligo and its vicinity. The food is potatoes, with an
occasional admixture of oaten-bread, milk, eggs, fresh
or sahed herrings, and other sea-fish. The men's cloth-
ing is chiefly home-made frieze. The women are dressed
in stuffs and druggets of domestic manufacture ; cottons
for upper garments are now much worn, and few are to
be seen without stockings and shoes, at least on Sundays
and holidays. The English language is generally spoken
through every part of the county, but elderly people in
the mountainous districts still speak Irish. A striking
difference is perceptible between the population here
and that of the northern counties ; the former is a
much more diminutive race, and the character of the
countenance indicates a different origin. Early mar-
riages are encouraged, and the ceremony is attended
524
with much expense : the favourite season for marrying
is from Christmas to Lent, being that least occupied in
agriculture. The disputes arising at fairs or markets,
or in the deahngs of the peasantry with each other, were
frequently, and are still occasionally, decided by arbitra-
tion before persons chosen by the parties at variance ;
the judges are called Brehons, and are generally recom-
pensed for the loss of time devoted to hearing the cause
by being regaled with whisky at the expense of the
parties : but this custom is falling into disuse, and most
of the disputes are now taken to the petty or quarter-
sessions. Attendance on the wakes of deceased friends
and neighbours is another source of extravagance. The
estimation in which a man has been held during life, is
judged of by the attendance on these occasions and at
his funeral : to be absent is therefore considered a
serious offence, and much expense is incurred in pro-
curing the necessary refreshments for the numbers that
attend. But although this ancient custom of waking
the corpse and attending the funeral is still kept up, the
Irish cry or howl is now rarely heard. In the mountain
parish of Kilmaeteige is a tract of country which for
several years has scarcely ever been free from a low
malignant typhus fever, of which great numbers die
after a lingering illness of fifteen or twenty days : the
cause is attributed to the moist and chilly nature of
the soil, and not to any peculiarity in the dietetics of
the people.
In the same parish are two wells much resorted to
for devotional purposes : one of them, called Tubber
Art, is celebrated for its efficacy in restoring to health
persons whose cases have-^proved hopeless under the
ordinary modes of treatment. In a rock near the en-
trance to the old church in Innismore, or Church Island,
in Lough Gill, is a cavity called "My Lady's Bed," in
which women lie down and repeat a certain formulary,
believing themselves to be thus secured from the peril
of death in childbed. Among the natural curiosities,
may be mentioned a singular peculiarity in a stream in
Glenduff, in which, when the wind blows strong from
the south-west, at every gust the water, which flows
perpendicularly down the mountain, is divided into two,
and one part flows to the bottom, while the other is
carried back up the mountain ; the channel of the
stream being quite dry as long as the gust continues.
At the base of Knocknaree mountain is a chasm, com-
monly called " The Glen," apparently formed by some
violent convulsion of nature ; it is about a mile long,
of considerable breadth and depth, in several parts well
furnished with trees, and enlivened by small cascades.
Sulphureous and chalybeate springs are found among
the mountains of Tyreragh, where also the common
spring and river waters are peculiarly pure and pellucid.
This county gives the title of Marquess to the family of
Browne. John Browne, an ancestor of the marquess,
was created a baronet of Nova Scotia in l63'i : and his
second son, of the same name, was a colonel in King
James's service, and one of the capitulators of Lime-
rick. The colonel's grandson, John Browne, Esq., M. P.
for Castlebar, was elevated to the peerage of Ireland in
1*50 by the title of Baron Monteagle, of Westport,
county Mayo ; and in 1*68 was made Viscount West-
port, and in 1**1 Earl of Altamount : his grandson, the
third earl, was created an Irish marquess and an English
baron in the beginning of the present century.
S L I G
S L I (".
Seal.
SLIGO, a sea-port, as-
size, borough, market, and
post town, and the head of
V)^ a poor-law union, in the ba-
:i rony of Upper Carhery,
)unty of Sligo, and pro-
S^ Viuce of CONNAUGHT, 'iOf
miles (S. W.) from Bally-
shannon, and 103| (N. W.)
from Dublin ; containing
14,318 inhabitants, of whom
I'^.'iT'i are in the town. This
place, which is the chief town
of the county, is indebted for its importance to one of
the first English settlers in Ireland. So early as 1242
a castle was erected here by Maurice Fitzgerald, Earl of
Kildare, and at that time lord justice of Ireland ; and
the same earl, in 1252, founded a monastery dedicated
to the Holy Cross, for friars of the order of St. Dominick,
the origin of which establishment has by some writers
been erroneously ascribed to O Conor Sligo. In 12/0
the town and castle were destroyed by O'Donell ; but
the monastery escaped the ravages of that chieftain,
and the castle was afterwards rebuilt by Richard, Earl
of Ulster, in 1310. In 1360 the town was again de-
stroyed by fire, and in 1394 was plundered and burnt
by Mac William Burgh. In 1414 the monastery was
w holly consumed by an accidental fire ; and for its re-
storation. Pope John XXII. granted indulgences to all
who should visit it, and contribute towards the expense
of rebuilding. In 1416 it was rebuilt by Bryan Mac
Dermot Mac Donthaigh, or Mac Donagh ; and in 1454
Bryan Mac Donagh, sole monarch of Toroilill (now the
barony of Tiraghrill), was interred within its walls. It
continued to flourish till the Dissolution, when it was
granted to Sir William Taaffe.
At the commencement of the reign of James I., a
grant of a market and two annual fairs to be held here
was made to Sir James FuUerton ; and in 1613 the
town was made a parliamentary borough by charter of
incorporation. In 1621, it received a charter of the
staple, incorporating a mayor, two constables, and mer-
chants, with the same powers as those of Youghal. In
1627 Sir James Craig had a fresh grant of a market and
two fairs, which in 1674 were transferred to William,
Earl of Stafford, and Thomas Radcliffe, Esq. During
the war of 1641 the town was taken'.without opposition
by Sir Charles Coote, at the head of an array of 4000
infantry and 500 horse. By his occupation of this post.
Sir Charles had the means of keeping a check upon the
royalists of the neighbouring counties ; but the Roman
Catholic archbishop of Tuam with great zeal collected
forces for the recovery of the place, in which attempt he
■was joined by Sir James Dillon, who was sent by the
confederates of Kilkenny with SOO men to his assistance,
and who, having forced his way into the town, was on
the point of expelling the parliamentarians, when he
was suddenly alarmed by the intelligence of an army
being on its approach to their relief. Upon this, the
confederated forces retired, and in their retreat were
attacked and routed by Sir Charles Coote ; the arch-
bishop was killed in the action, and among his papers
were found the important documents that exposed the
connexion of the king with the Roman Catholic party.
The parliamentarians afterwards abandoned the town.
which, though threatened again by Coote on his ad-
vance against Limerick, in 1651, was retained by the
Roman Catholics till the termination of the war. In
the war of the Revolution it was taken by the brave
Enniskilleners, who also defeated a large body of
James's forces that were advancing against it, and took
from them a considerable booty ; hut the garrison was
shortly after driven out by General Sarsfield, and the
place was finally reduced by the Earl of Granard.
The TOWN is now the property chiefly of Lord Pal-
merston, and the family of Wynne, of Hazelwood. It
is advantageously situated on the banks of the river
Garvogue, which connects Lough Gill with the bay of
Sligo opening to the Atlantic ; the stream is about two
miles and a half in length, and the town is situated on
the extremity of it nearest the sea, where it is narrowest.
This river is navigable from a little above Lough Gill to
the town ; but a weir across it prevents the navigation
thence to the sea, to the great injury of the commercial
interests of the place. The larger portion of the town
is on the south side of the river, in the parish of St.
John ; and is connected with the smaller portion, in the
parish of Calry, on the north side, by two bridges. The
streets are irregularly formed, which detracts much
from the internal appearance of the place, though the
houses are chiefly of respectable character and there are
several of a superior order ; as seen, however, in com-
bination with the surrounding scenery, it forms an in-
teresting and pleasing feature in the landscape from
many points of view in the vicinity. The total number
of houses is 21 S3. The town is lighted and paved under
a local act of the 43rd of George 111., the provisions of
which are stated in the subsequent account of the cor-
poration ; and the inhabitants are supplied with water
from public pumps, kept in repair by the commissioners
appointed under the above-named act. A public library
and two reading-rooms are supported by subscription ;
and a newspaper is published every Saturday. There
is a small theatre, which is very irregularly attended ;
races are generally held annually in August on the
race-course of Bomore, about five miles from the town ;
and a regatta is held on Lough Gill, which is numer-
ously attended. The barracks for cavalry are capable
of accommodating 7 officers and 96 non-commissioned
officers and privates, with stabling for 60 horses ;
an excellent hospital for 15 patients is annexed to
them.
There are a few linen and stocking weavers who work
on their own account, but no large factories ; the linen
trade, formerly carried on here to some extent, has
almost ceased, and the linen-hall is unoccupied. A dis-
tillery belonging to Messrs. Martin, Madden, and Co.,
manufactures 120,000 gallons of whisky annually, and
affords employment to 55 persons : there are four pub-
lic breweries, and several manufactories for soap, candles,
snuff, tobacco, hats, ropes, and cables ; also extensive
flour-mills. The trade is facilitated by the river, which
is navigable through Lough Gill from Droraahaire to
Sligo, and supplies the town with turf and other neces-
saries : a canal from Dromahaire to Lough Allen would
increase the trade still more, as it would open up a
cheap means of communication from the limekilns ot
Drumshambo and the coal-mines of Arigna, both on the
borders of the lough. Lough Allen is but sixteen miles
from Sligo, and is the source of the river Shannon,
S L I G
which is thence navigable for upwards of '200 miles
through the heart of the country. The raaritime trade
of the PORT is the chief source of the prosperity of the
town, and its rapid increase may be ascertained from
the fact that, in the year 1800, the number of vessels
that entered the port was only 65, of the aggregate
burthen of 4100 tons; while in the year 1830, the
number of vessels was 540, and their aggregate burthen
57,015 tons. In 1834, 47 vessels in the foreign trade
entered inwards and 2 cleared outwards, and 354 in the
coasting and cross-channel trade entered inwards and
508 cleared outwards ; there were 25 vessels belonging
to the port in 1844. The principal exports are corn,
butter, and other provisions ; and the chief imports,
iron, timber, coal, slates, herrings, salt, and every article
of West India produce, which are distributed over a
very large tract of country, this being the only port of
note between Londonderry and Galway. In 1835, the
gross estimated value of the exports was £369,490, of
which £185,414 were for corn, meal, and flour, £181,848
for provisions, and the remainder for linens : the value
of the imports was £124,692, of which £13,925 were
for iron and other metals, &c., £2580 for coal, £9210
for hides, tallow, &c., £34,434 for tea, coffee, and sugar,
£8430 for wines, £16,450 for tobacco, and the re-
mainder for various other articles. The principal ex-
ports now average annually, 60,000 pigs, slaughtered,
value £200,000 ; 6000 cattle, £60,000 ; 50,000 firkins of
butter, £125,000 ; 22,000 tons of oats, £132,000 ; and
12,000 tons of meal, £132,000; total, £649,000 : be-
sides poultry, eggs, and salmon. Among the average
annual imports may be enumerated 16,000 barrels of
herrings, 10,000 tons of timber and deals, 15,000 tons
of coal, 4000 of iron, and 5000 of slates. The amount
of duties paid at the custom-house, in 1826, was
£33,565 ; in 1830, £36,325 ; and in 1844, £31,532. In
the excise arrangements Sligo gives name to, and is the
head of, a district which comprises the towns of Ennis-
killen and Irvinestown, in the county of Fermanagh ;
Ballyshannon, Donegal, &c., in the county of Donegal ;
Manor-Hamilton, &c., in the county of Leitrim ; and
Ballymote and Sligo, in the county of Sligo. The
amount of duties collected in the district, for 1843, was
£20,304. The custom-house and the king's warehouses,
which are the property of the crown, are well adapted
to the purposes for which they were built ; and the
quays, which are very commodious, and kept in good
repair by the commissioners, have a depth of water of
12 feet at spring tides, allowing vessels of 300 tons'
burthen to moor close to them. Many emigrant.s from
this and the neighbouring counties sail hence for
America. The principal markets are on Tuesday and
Saturday for provisions and agricultural produce ; they
are well attended, and a market for corn and another
for butter are open daily in buildings erected for them
by Owen Wynne, Esq. Fairs, chiefly for cattle, are
held on the 27th of March, the Saturday after the 1st
of May (O. S.), 4th of July, 12th of August, and 9th of
October. Branches of the Bank of Ireland, the Na-
tional Bank, and the Provincial Bank, have been esta-
blished. There is a large salmon-fishery in the river,
with which is connected a pond the property of Abraham
Martin, Esq., so constructed that the fish can easily
enter but cannot quit it. by which means there is a sup-
ply of fresh salmon at all times. A chief constabulary
526
S L I G
police station has been established here ; and the town
is also the residence of the inspecting commander of the
Sligo coast-guard district, which comprises the five sub-
ordinate stations of Inniscrone, Pallocherry, Pullendiva,
Rochley, and Mullaghmore.
Sligo bay is situated between Aughris Head and
Rinoran Point, which latter is in the charts improperly
named Gessigo. It is about five miles in breadth at the
mouth, and extends as much inland ; the upper part
divides into three inlets, of which the central one only,
leading to the town, is of importance, as each of the
others has a bar and is nearly dry at low water. On
the north side of the bay is Raughly, a small peninsula
of rising ground, connected by a low narrow neck with
some sand-hills on the shore ; at the south-west side
of the peninsula is the Wheaten rock, extending nearly
half a mile N. E. and S. W., and partly dry at spring
tides. At the south end of Raughly, about two cables'
length off the shore, are the Bird rocks ; half a mile to
the eastward a vessel may lie in moderate weather in
2i fathoms, and there is a small pier with 12 feet of
water inside the point. At the distance of one mile
south from Raughly is the point of the reef called Bun-
garr, or Black Rock, extending to the north end of Coney
Island, and having the western part entirely, and the rest
nearly, dry at low water ; a lighthouse has been erected
on it, and the channel into Sligo lies close along its north
side. Shallows from this point towards Lissadill or
Lisadill form the bar of Sligo, on which are only 10 feet
at low water. Ships drawing 12 feet of water should
take half flood into the harbour, for with westerly winds
there is generally a heavy sea between Raughly and the
point of Ross. Two lighthouses have been erected on
Oyster Island.
By a charter dated the 20th of March, 1 1th of James I.,
and which was in force till the passing of the act 3rd and
4th Victoria, cap. 108, the town was incorporated under
the name of the " Provost and Free Burgesses of the Bo-
rough of Sligo ;" the corporate body to consist of a pro-
vost, 12 free burgesses, and a commonalty. The charter
also constituted the corporation a guild mercatory. The
provost, who was elected annually, was judge of the
borough court, which was a court of record with civil
jurisdiction to the amount of £3. 6. 8. and was heW
weekly; he was also clerk- of-the-market. The bur-
gesses were elected for life by the provost and the other
burgesses : usage, confirmed by a judgment of the court
of king's bench, had given the right of admission to the
freedom wholly to the provost and burgesses. The
subordinate officers were a town-clerk and recorder, a
weighmaster, and two serjeants-at-mace. A charter
granted by James II., in the 4th year of his reign, had
not been acted upon. By the act of Victoria the borough
is divided into three wards, and governed by a mayor,
six aldermen, and 18 councillors ; a treasurer, town-
clerk, and coroner are appointed, and there are several
other officers. A local act of the 30th of George II.,
c. 21, directed that the corporation should be conser-
vators of the port, and should maintain a ballast-office ;
and subsequently, by an act of the 40th of George III.,
c. 49, for the management of the concerns of the town,
amended by another of the 43rd of George III., c. 60,
commissioners were appointed, consisting of the repre-
sentatives of the county and borough; the provost and
burgesses ; and 24 others, resident in the town or within
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five miles of it, and to be elected by holders of houses
of the yearly value of £'20. These commissioners were
empowered to regulate the paving, flagging, lighting,
watching, and improving of the town ; to regulate the
markets, and also the carriages and porters ; to improve
the quays, and make and repair the docks and wharfs ;
to improve the port and harbour; regulate the pilotage ;
and assess taxes at a maximum of '2s. 6(1. in the pound
on all houses of the annual value of £5 and upwards,
for defraying the expenses incurred in the execution of
these duties. The commissioners were also empowered
to raise a fund for these purposes, to the amount of
£'2000 for the town, and £6000 for the harbour. The
boundary of their jurisdiction was fixed at a distance of
a mile from the market cross in every direction. This
commission was not abolished by the act 3rd and 4th
Victoria. By letters- patent of Charles II. in the '27th
of his reign, the town and certain lands were erected
into the manor of Sligo, with a court baron having civil
jurisdiction to the amount of 40s-., a court of record with
civil jurisdiction to the amount of £100, and a court
leet to be held before the seneschal ; no manor courts
are now held. The only property belonging to the cor-
poration consists of about 19^ acres of land formerly a
common, let at £98. 3. per annum ; and a plot of a rood
of ground formerly a pound, but now built upon, let at
£10 per annum.
The charter also conferred upon the provost and bur-
gesses the privilege of returning two members to the
Irish parliament, which they exercised till the Union,
since which time Sligo has returned one member only
to the Imperial parliament. The right of election, pre-
viously vested in the corporation, was by the act for
amending the representation extended to the £10 house-
holders within the borough, the limits of which are the
same as those defined by acts for the purpose of local
taxation already referred to. The constituency regis-
tered in 1S41 amounted to S'21, of whom 813 were
householders, and 8 were freemen ; the mayor is the
returning officer. The assizes and the general-sessions
of the peace for the county are held here, the latter four
times in the year ; petty-sessions for the division are
held every Thursday. The court-house, to which are
attached the pubhc offices, is too limited for the busi-
ness of the town. The county gaol is a handsome and
substantial building, erected on the polygonal plan at
an expense of £30,000 ; the governor's house is in the
centre, and the debtors' ward and the hospital form two
advanced wings. It is well adapted to the classification
of the prisoners, each of whom has a separate sleeping-
cell ; it has a tread-mill for hard labour, a school, and
a surgery and dispensary within its walls : all its de-
partments are under excellent regulations, and it is in
high repute for discipline and good order.
The borough comprises the greater part of the parish
of St. John and part of the parish of Calry ; the former
on the south, and the latter on the north, side of the
river. The patronage of the parish of St. John was
lately given to Trinity College, Dublin, a fellow or ex-
fellow of which will in future be presented by the Lord
Primate and the Archbishop of Dublin. The soil of the
district is fertile, the lands generally in a good state of
cultivation, and the system of agriculture much im-
proved. The scenery is diversified, and in many parts
beautifully picturesque : the view of the town at the
527
head of the bay, environed by mountains and em-
bosomed in a richly cultivated country, is strikingly
romantic, especially in the approach from Dromahaire ;
and on the road from Manor- Hamilton is a point where,
emerging from the mountains, a spacious and magni-
ficent scene, embracing the whole of the town with its
surrounding district, open.s at once on the view. The
approach to Sligo by the Dublin road is also very beau-
tiful, having Lough (iill with Hazelwood demesne on
the east ; the bay of Sligo, with its two bold headlands
of Benbulben and Knockaree, on the west ; and in the
centre the highly picturesque town of Sligo. Among
the various residences that embellish the neighbourhood
the most conspicuous is Hazelwood, the seat of the
Wynne family, a noble mansion situated on a peninsula
stretching into Lough Gill, and surrounded by a richly
wooded demesne, commanding beautiful views over the
lake and its wooded islands, terminated by the moun-
tains which rise from its shores on the south. Adjoin-
ing Hazelwood is the demesne of Holywell, and in the
vicinity of the town are numerous other handsome seats.
The neighbourhood is resorted to as a bathing-place, but
not to any great extent.
The church of St. John's parish is an old cruciform
building in excellent repair, in the later style of English
architecture, with a massive square tower at the west
end : the glebe-house is situated on a glebe of one acre
close to the church. The church of Calry, which is also
in the town, is a respectable building in the Gothic style,
with a well-proportioned spire; it was erected in 182'2,
at an expense of £3500, in which is included the expense
of the erection of a house, offices, and garden-wall, for
the perpetual curate, whose appointment belongs to the
vicar of St. John's. The Roman Catholic chapel of the
parish of St. John is a structure of spacious dimen-
sions : there is also in the town a small Dominican
convent with a chapel attached to it ; together with
places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with
the General Assembly, Independents, and AVesleyan
Methodists in connexion with the Established Church.
The late William Draper, Esq., left £18 per annum to
be divided among three Protestant servant girls who
have served three years in a Protestant family. The
county infirmary is a handsome building of hewn lime-
stone, erected in 1819 at an expense of £3000 ; it con-
tains six wards for 30 patients, with officers' apartments
and every other requisite. The fever hospital is a well-
arranged structure in an airy and healthful situation on
the summit of a hill ; it contains eight wards, and has
a dispensary attached to it. These three institutions
are within the same inclosure ; there is also a dispen-
sary in the parish of St. John. The union workhouse,
on a site of nine acres held at a rent of £50, was com-
pleted in 1841 at a cost of £9100, and is constructed
for 1200 inmates. There are still remains of the spa-
cious monastery of Sligo, serving to convey some idea
of its former magnificence : they consist chiefly of three
sides of the cloisters, with a finely vaulted roof, and are
separated from the quadrangle by a long series of pil-
lars, several of which are sculptured, and of pointed
arches, in the early English style of architecture. The
great east window of the church is of beautiful design,
and highly enriched with tracery ; the high altar, which
is embellished with sculpture in relief, is almost hidden
by the accumulation of disinterred bones ; the nave is
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spacious, and the roof supported by ranges of pillars at
intervals of four feet from each other. The central tower
is complete, with the exception only of the battlements.
To the right of the high altar is the tomb of O'Conor,
with the effigies of himself and his lady ; and there are
numerous vaults and cells.
SLYGUFF, a parish, in the barony of Idrone East,
union and county of C.\rlow, and province of Lein-
STER, 3 miles (S. byE.) from Leighlin-Bridge ; on the
road from Goresbridge to Bagnalstown, and on the
river Barrow ; containing ^O*'^ inhabitants. This parish
comprises 6775f statute acres, and extends from the
eastern bank of the river Barrow to the base of Mount-
Leinster, a distance of seven miles ; there is a consider-
able quantity of bog. Fairs are held on Feb. 12th and
Nov. 1st, for general farming stock. Slyguff is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Leighlin, forming part of the union
of Lorum ; the rectory is appropriate to the dean and
chapter of Leighlin, and the tithe rent-charge is £'239. 14.,
of which £166. 3. are payable to the dean and chapter,
and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is part of the districts of Borris and
Dunleckney. The ruins of the church, within a burial-
ground, stand beautifully above the course of the river
Barrow. Here are also the ruins of Ballylaughan Castle,
formerly belonging to the Kavanaghs, from whom it
passed to other proprietors about the close of the six-
teenth century ; it is a picturesque pile, and, though
roofless, is about .50 feet high, with projecting round
towers in front, flanking the gateway, which is arched
with hewn stone. The walls are about five feet thick ;
and the second floor, supported by an arch, still remains,
and is gained by a flight of steps. The castle is now
the property of Colonel Bruen. About eighteen yards
distant is another ruin, 30 feet square and 20 high, with
walls of equal thickness ; and beyond this is a third, of
smaller dimensions. Near them is a large old dwelling-
house of the Beauchamp family. In 1806 was found an
ancient cloak-clasp of gold, weighing 4 oz., and beauti-
fully carved, which was purchased by the Dublin Royal
Society for £20.
SMARMORE, a parish, in the union and barony of
Ardee, county of Louth, and province of Leinster,
2i miles (S. S. W.) from Ardee, on the road to Slane;
oontaining 439 inhabitants. This parish comprises
1.596 statute acres : the land is of first-rate quality, and
about two-thirds are under tillage ; there is no bog.
The chief seat, Smarmore Castle, is in a demesne of
about 520 statute acres, well planted and tastefully laid
out ; it is of some antiquity, but considerable additions
have been made to it by the present proprietor : in the
demesne are three Danish raths. The parish is in the
diocese of Armagh, and is a vicarage, forming part of
the ecclesiastical union of Ardee ; the rectory is impro-
priate in G. Taaffe, Esq. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions, also, the parish is part of the union of Ardee.
SMERWICK, county Kerry.— See Dunurlin.
SMITHSBOROUGH, a village, in the parish of
Clones, union, barony, and county of Monaghan, and
province of Ulster, 5 miles (VV. S. \V.) from Monaghan
(to which it has a receiving-house for letters), on the
road to Clones ; containing 2*6 inhabitants. This place
is called after a gentleman named Smith, who esta-
blished monthly fairs here in the latter part of the last
century, one of which, held on Whit-Monday for black
528
cattle, is still kept up. The village consists of 51
houses, and contains a meeting-house for Presbyterians,
a modern structure ; and a dispensary. It is a con-
stabulary police station ; and there is a school of about
60 children.
SMITHSTOWN, a village, in the parish of Kil-
SKYRE, county of Meath, and province of Leinster,
1 mile (N.) from Crossakeel ; containing about 15
houses and 122 inhabitants.
SNEEM, a maritime village, in the parish of Kil-
CROHANE, union of Kenmare, barony of Dunkerron,
county of Kerry, and province of Munster, 12 miles
(\V. S. W.) from Kenmare; containing 217 inhabitants.
It is situated at the upper extremity of the harbour of
the same name formed by the Sneem river and other
mountain streams flowing into the northern side of
the bay of Kenmare. The harbour is frequented chiefly
by fishing-vessels. The village, which is irregularly
built, has been lately somewhat improved by the erection
of new houses ; and a road hence to the pass of Came-
duff, on the mail-road between Killarney and Kenmare,
has been completed through an extensive boggy tract,
part of which surrounds the village. A receiving-house
for letters in connexion with Kenmare has been esta-
blished. Petty-sessions are held generally once a
month ; and a constabulary police force is stationed
here. Fairs are held seven times in the year, for gene-
ral farming stock, and for flannel and frieze. Here
are the parochial church, and the principal Roman'
Catholic chapel of the district of Ballybog ; also the
parochial school, a school held in the chapel, and a dis-
pensary.
SOLAR, a parish, in the union of Larne, barony of
Upper Glenarm, county of Antrim, and province of
Ulster, on the road from Larne to Cushendall ; con-
taining about 259 inhabitants. It is bounded on the
east by the sea ; and is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Connor, forming part of the union and corps of the
prebend of Connor : the vicarial tithe rent-charge is
£14. 18.
SOLDIERSTOWN.— See Aghalee.
SOLLOGHODBEG, a parish, in the barony of
Clanwilliam, union and county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, 2| miles (N.) from Tipperary, on
the road to Burris-o'-leagh ; containing 911 inhabitants.
This parish, which comprises 2201 statute acres, is
situated near the confines of the county of Limerick : a
considerable part of it belongs to the trustees of Eras-
mus Smith's charities, and is chiefly in the hands of
cottier sub-tenants. The soil is in general a fine loam,
or wet clay much in want of draining. Limestone
abounds, especially at the hill of Solloghodbeg ; but
the management of the dairy is more attended to than
tillage, as being more profitable. The parish is a
rectory, in the diocese of Emly, forming part of the
union of Cullen : the tithe rent-charge is £S2. 16. 8.
SOLLOGHODMORE, a parish, in the barony of
Clanwilliam, union and county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, 2 miles (N. W.) from Tipperary.
on the road to Limerick ; containing 2852 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 6657 statute acres, and is situ-
ated on the borders of the county of Limerick, and to
the south of the parish of Solloghodbeg, which it much
resembles in its agricultural character : there is neither
bog nor waste land. Tillage is in a backward state.
S P I D
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the land being deemed better adapted for pasture than
grain ; the farmers confine themselves very much to the
management of the dairy. Great attention has been
paid by Lord Stanley to the improvement of the stock 5
he has imported several Durham bulls, which his
tenants have the use of gratuitously. A copper-mine
was worked at Gortdrum in IS'25, but the workings
were soon abandoned. The seat of Lord Stanley at
Ballykisteen, on the Limerick road, is an elegant
modern building, situated in a very fertile and improving
part of the country, and commanding a fine view of the
range of the Galtee mountains. The parish is a rectory,
in the diocese of Emly, forming part of the union of
CuUen : the tithe rent-charge is £'236. 1. 6. There is a
Roman Catholic chapel at the village of Solloghod.
Some traces e.xist of Danish encampments.
SOWEY, county of Sligo. — See Ballinakill.
SPA, a watering-place, in the parishes of Ballyna-
UAGLisii and Clogherbrien, union of Tralee, barony
of Trughenackmy, county of Kerry, and province of
MuNSTER, 3 miles (W.) from Tralee : the population is
returned with the respective parishes. This place, which
is generally called the " Spa of Tralee," is finely situated
on the northern shore of Tralee bay ; and its excellent
bathiug strand and mineral spa, the latter of which is a
strong chalybeate, together with the salubrity of its situ-
ation, and the fine views it affords of the Tralee and
Dingle mountains, attract numerous visiters during the
season, for whose accommodation several neat and com-
modious lodges have been erected. On the strand,
which at low water is nearly three miles in length, races
are generally held in the course of the season ; and a
regatta in the bay has been lately established. Near the
centre of the bay are the small rocky islets called the
Samphire, to the larger of which aquatic excursions are
often made ; and the drive along the strand, from the
Spa to the town of Tralee, affords a delightful succession
of marine and mountain scenery. Off the shore, to the
west of the Spa, is an oyster-bed, which is allowed to be
dredged gratuitously by poor persons, who furnish an
abundant supply during the season at the rate of 3f/. per
100. Among the seats and lodges in the immediate
vicinity are Frogmore Lodge, Plover Hill, and Oyster
Hall.
SPANCEL-HILL, a village, in the parish of Clo-
NEY, union of Ennis, barony of Upper Bunratty,
county of Clare, and province of Munster ; contain-
ing 169 inhabitants.
SPANISH, or GREEN, ISLAND, in the parish of
Creagh, union of Skibbereen, Eastern division of the
barony of West Carbery, county of Cork, and pro-
vince of Munster, 6 miles (W.) from Skibbereen ; con-
taining about \'i inhabitants. It is situated in the mid-
channel of the Hen, where that river flows into the har-
bour of Baltimore ; and comprises 120 acres of land,
some part of which is rocky, but the greater part is
under cultivation, and produces tolerably good crops.
SPIDDLE, or Spiddal, a village, in the parish and
barony of Moycvllen, union and county of Galway,
and province of Connaught, 9 miles (\V.) from Galway,
and on the bay of Galway : the population is returned
with the parish. Here is a pier built by the Fishery
Board, which is the only place of shelter for boats on
this side of the bay. In the Roman Catholic di\isions
Spiddle is considered a parish, united with that of
Vol. II.— 5-29
Minna, in which union are two small thatched chapels,
one at Spiddle and the other at Minna.
SPIKE ISLAND, in the parish of Templerobin,
barony of Barry.more, union and county of Cork, and
province of Munster, I5 mile (S.) from Cove, and in
the harbour of Cork ; containing about 205 inhabitants.
This island is situated in the middle of Cork harbour,
and acts as a natural breakwater, preserving the bay
within perfectly smooth, while that portion of the har-
bour which is without is very much agitated. It com-
prises ISO acres of fertile land, which, previously to
the occupation of the isle by government, in 1811, as
an ordnance depot for the south of Ireland, afforded
good pasturage, but was uninhabited. The substratum
is, on one side, a compact dove-coloured limestone, and
on the other a clay-slate, uniting with the former in a
remarkable manner. On the high ground in the centre
are e.xtensivo barracks for a detachment of artillery,
and an infantry depiit : on the western side is a large
and handsome military hospital ; forts, bomb-proof,
have been constructed to defend the entrance of the
harbour, and around the shores are several houses oc-
cupied by persons connected with the establishment.
The principal entrance is on the north, where is a com-
modious pier with a water-gate, near which are three
small towers with apartments for the gate-keeper, sen-
tinel, and others ; the battery is very strong and well
mounted, and is the only salute battery on the southern
coast. The barracks are frequently used by regiments
under orders for foreign service, when waiting for the
arrival of transports, or detained by contrary winds ;
and detachments are sent hence to Hawlbowline Island,
and Carlisle and Camden Forts. The only place of wor-
ship is the chapel of the garrison, which has been
fitted up by government. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the island forms part of the district of Monkstown,
in the diocese of Cork.
SPRINGFIELD, a village, in the parish of Shan-
kill, union of Belfast, barony of Upper Belfast,
county of Antri.m, and province of Ulster ; containing
547 inhabitants.
SPRINGVILLE, a village, in the parish of Burry,
union of Kells, barony of Upper Kells, county of
Meath, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S. W.)
from Kells ; containing about 33 houses and 1"! inha-
bitants.
STABANNON, a parish, in the union and barony of
Ardee, county of Louth, and province of Leinster, 3
miles (E. N. E.) from Ardee, on the road to Castle-Bel-
lingbam, and on the river Dee ; containing 2234 inha-
bitants, of whom 243 are in the village of Stabannon.
This parish comprises 4376J statute acres of land of the
best quality, mostly under an improved system of til-
lage. The Dee has been deepened within the parish
since 1S44 ; and an entire ford called Sheepford, con-
sisting of a solid bed of rock across the river, has been
removed by blasting and quarrying, so as to sink the
passage for the water to a sufficient depth ; a work of
considerable labour and expense. At Drumgoolstown
is a bleach-green ; and a corn-mill on an improved con-
struction, and four stories high, has been lately built for
flour and oatmeal. The only gentleman's seat is Charle-
ville ; it is pleasantly situated on the banks of the Dee,
and is one of the oldest houses in the county, having
been built in 1640. The living is a vicarage, in the dio-
3 Y
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rese of Armagh, episcopally united from time imme-
morial to the vicarage of Richarilstown, and in the
patronage of the Vicars-Choral of St. Patrick's cathe-
dral, Dublin, to whom the rectory is appropriate ; the
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £373. I*- 6., of which
£■223. 1*. 6. are payable to the vicars-choral, and the
remainder to the incumbent, who receives no part of
the tithe of Richardstown. The glebe-house, within a
very short distance of the church, was erected in 1818,
at an expense of £*38 British currency, half being
a loan and half a gift from the late Board of First
Fruits: the glebe comprises 20 acres of excellent
land, of which 15 belong to the vicars-choral, and five,
valued at £12. 10. per annum, to the incumbent. The
church is a neat modern structure in good repair,
erected through the influence of the incumbent ; it was
built at an expense of £"84 British currency, a loan
from the same Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Kilsaran ; the
chapel was partly erected in ISOO, and enlarged in 1827.
The ruins of Rootstown Castle, on an eminence, afford
abundant evidence of its ancient magnificence ; it was a
lofty quadrangular pile, strengthened by a rectangular
projection at one corner.
STACKALLEN, a parish, in the union of Navan,
barony of Upper Slane, county of Meath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 3 miles (N. E.) from Navan, on the
road to Slane, and on the navigable river Boyne ; con-
taining 748 inhabitants. It comprises 2358 statute
acres. Stackallen House was the handsome residence
of Viscount Boyne, whose ancestor, Gustavus, the first
viscount, commanded a regiment in King William's
army in the Battle of the Boyne: he was interred in
the church of Stackallen, as have also been many other
branches of the family. The mansion is now a Protest-
ant college, and stands in a fine, well-planted demesne.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, united
by act of council in 1800 to the rectories of Gernons-
town and Duumoe, and in the patronage of the Crown
and the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£144; and the gross value of the benefice, tithes and
glebe inclusive, before the passing of the Rent-charge
act, was £551. 10. The glebe-house, closely adjoining
the church, was built in 1815, at an expense of £1490,
partly defrayed by a gift of £100 and a loan of £600
from the late Board of First Fruits, and the residue by
the then incumbent. The church is a neat plain edifice
in good and permanent repair, built about 200 years
since ; the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted
£280 for repairs.
STACUMXEY, a parish, in the union of Celbridge,
barony of South Salt, county of Kildare, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 2i miles (S. by W.) from Leixhp,
and on the road from Lucan to Celbridge ; containing
157 inhabitants. This parish, in which is situated the
elegant seat called Stacumney House, comprises 568|-
statute acres ; and is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Dublin, forming part of the union of Leixlip.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the district of Celbridge.
STAFFORDSTOWN, a parish, in the union of
Navan, barony of Skreen, county of Meath, and
province of Leinster, 4 miles (K.) from Navan, on
the road to Dublin, by Ashbourne; containing 81 in-
habitants. It comprises 61 6J statute acres, mostly
530
grazing-land of excellent quality ; and contains Staf ■
fordstown House, the property of the Rev. R. Butler,
vicar of Trim. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath,
entirely impropriate in the Rev. R. Butler ; the tithe
rent-charge is £30 : the rector of Skreen performs the
occasional duties, without any remuneration. Here is
an ancient burial-ground, in which some of the mem-
bers of the Cusack family, the former owners of the
StafFordstown property, are interred.
STAGONIL.— See Powerscourt.
STAHALMOCK, or Staholmoy, a parish, in the
union of Kells, barony of Lower Kells, county of
Meath, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (S. S. W.)
from Nobber, and on the road from Kells to Ardee ;
containing 579 inhabitants, and comprising 2109 sta-
tute acres of good land. The living, lately suppressed,
was a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and in the pa-
tronage of the Crown : the tithe rent- charge is £82. 10.,
payable to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners ; and there
is a glebe of 21 acres, valued at £47 per annum. la
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of
a district, comprising also the parishes of Kilbeg, New-
town, Robertstown and Emlagh, and containing the
chapels of Stahalmock and Carolanstown.
STALEEN, a hamlet, in the parish of Donore, union
of Drogheda, barony of Lower Duleek, county of
Meath, and province of Leinster, 2^^ miles (W. S. W.)
from Drogheda, on the road to Navan ; containing
about 20 houses and 88 inhabitants. It is the property
of Wm. Sharman Crawford, Esq., who has a house here
in which he occasionally resides.
STAMCARTY, or Stumcarty, also called Stone-
CARTY, a parish, partly in the barony of Knocktopher,
but chiefly in the barony of Shillelogher, union of
Callan, county of Kilkenny, and province of Lein-
ster, 2^ miles (N. \V.) from Knocktopher, and on the
road from Stoneyford to Pilltown and Carrick-on-Suir ;
containing 355 inhabitants, and comprising 1434f sta-
tute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory,
forming part of the union of Kells : the tithe rent-
charge is £26. 19. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Ballyhale; the
chapel, a neat modern building, is in the village of
Stoneyford.
STAMULLEN, a parish, in the union of Droghe-
da, barony of Upper Duleek, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 5f miles (S. by E.) from
Drogheda, on the road, by Balbriggan, to Dublin ; con-
taining 1484 inhabitants, of whom 198 are in the vil-
lage. This parish, which is situated on the eastern
coast, comprises 5144:|: statute acres : the land is
chiefly under tillage, and in a state of profitable culti-
vation ; limestone is quarried for agricultural and other
uses. The principal seats are, Gormanston Castle, the
residence of Viscount Gormanston, a spacious and lofty
structure, with a domestic chapel attached, and situated
in a richly embellished demesne ; Harbourstown, a
handsome modern mansion, with a demesne comprising
more than 400 acres tastefully laid out and well planted,
and commanding an extensive view from the summit of
a tower within the grounds, which forms a conspicuous
landmark to mariners ; Stedalt, situated in a demesne
of 230 acres ; and Delvin Lodge, beautifully situated on
the banks of the river Delvin, which here separates the
parish from the county of Dublin. The village is plea-
STEW
saiit, ami in the immi'diate neighbourhood are numerous
handsome cottages. Off the coast are the Cargee rocks,
wliith are dry at half ebb, and on which a beacon is
placed ; the coast comprehending the shores of Meath
and Louth, from this place to Carlingford lough, is
for the greater part a broad shallow strand free from
shoals or other obstructions. Petty-sessions are held
for the district on alternate Tuesdays at Julianstown.
It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, forming part
of the union of Julianstown ; the rectory is impropri-
ate in Captain Geo. Pepper. The tithe rent-charge is
£318. 1.')., of which £'26'2. 10. are payable to the im-
propriator and the remainder to the vicar ; the glebe
comprises about four acres, valued at £'27- 19- per an-
num. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of
Julianstown, Ballygarth, and Moorcchurch, in which
union are three cliapels ; the chapel in the village of
Stamulleu is a handsome modern edifice, with an altar
of Sienna marble, the gift of Lord Gormanston, who
also presented a fine painting of the Crucifi.xion for the
altar-piece, and contributed largely towards the erection
of the building. Here is a dispensary. Some remains
e.vist of the ancient church, the cemetery of which is
the burial-place of the Preston family. Viscounts Gor-
manston, who take their title from this estate.
STAPLESTOWN, county of Carlow.— See Bal-
LfNACARRIG.
STATION ISLAND, in the parish of Templecaune,
union of Donegal, barony of Tyrhugh, county of
Donegal, and province of Ulster ; containing 19 in-
habitants. It lies in Lough Derg, and is distinguished
as the resort of pilgrims to perform penance. — See
Templecarne.
STEPASIDE, a village, in the parish of Kilgobbin,
union and barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin,
and province of Leinster ; containing 149 inhabit-
ants.
STEWARTSTOWN, a market and post town, in the
parish of Donaghenry, union of Cookstown, barony
of Di'NCANNON, county of Tyrone, and province of
Ulster, 16 miles (N. \V.) from Armagh, and S'2 (X. by
W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Coleraine ; con-
taining 108'2 inhabitants. This place, also called Steu-
artstown, derives its name from its founder, Sir Andrew
Steuart, to whom James I. granted the surrounding
district : in 160S he erected a strong bawn of limestone,
which afterwards was converted into a castle ; and laid
the foundation of a village according to the conditions
of the grant. The present town consists mainly of a
spacious square and three streets, and contains '234
houses, well built of stone and roofed with slate ; many
of the houses are large and handsome, several of mo-
dern erection, and the whole place has an appearance of
cheerfulness and prosperity. The manufacture of linen-
cloth and a fabric called unions (a mi.\lure of linen and
cotton) is carried on to a tolerable extent ; and the
town derives a good inland trade for the supply of the
neighbourhood, and considerable traffic, from its situa-
tion on a great public thoroughfare. The market is on
Wednesday ; and fairs for cattle, sheep, and pigs, are
held on the first Wednesday in every month (O. S.) :
the market-house is a handsome building in the centre
of the town. A constabulary police force is stationed
here : a court is held monthly for the manor of Castle-
531
STI L
Stewart, at which debts to the amount of 40s. are re-
coverable ; and petty-sessions on alternate Tuesdays.
The parish church is situated in the town ; in which are
also a Roman Catholic chapel, two places of worship for
Presbyterians, some large school houses, and a di.spen-
sary. There are remains of the old castle ; but they
have long been in a neglected state, and retain scarcely
any traces of their original character. The country
around exhibits much picturesque scenery, and is em-
bellished with several handsome seats : two miles from
the town, in an extensive and improved demesne with a
fine park, is Stewart Hall, the scat of the Earl of Cas-
tle-Steuart, who derives his titles of baron and earl from
this place.
STICKILLEN, a parish, in the union and barony of
Ardee, county of Louth, and province of Leinster,
1 mile (li.) from Ardee, on the road to Annagasson and
the sea-coast ; containing 348 inhabitants. It is bound-
ed on the north by the river Dee, and comprises 136 if
statute acres of excellent land, chiefly under tillage. It
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh, forming part of
the ecclesiastical union of Ardee ; the rectory is impro-
priate in Viscount Ferrard, and the tithe rent-charge is
£8/. 11., of which £75 are payable to the impropriator,
and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catho-
lic divisions, also, the parish is part of the union or dis-
trict of Ardee. The ancient burial-ground still exists.
STILLORGAN, a parish, in the union and barony
of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and province of
Leinster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Dublin, on the road, by
Donnybrook, to Bray ; containing 1.550 inhabitants, of
whom 611 are in the village. This parish comprises
only 690 statute acres, of which about three-fourths are
meadow and pasture, chiefly demesne land, and the re-
mainder principally garden-grounds. There are nume-
rous handsome seats and pleasing villas, beautifully
situated, and commanding some fine views of mountain
scenery, with extensive prospects over Dublin bay.
Among the principal are, Stillorgan House, anciently
the property of the Aliens, ancestors of the present
Viscount and Baron Allen of Stillorgan ; Carysford
House, situated in grounds tastefully laid out ; Stillor-
gan Abbey, a handsome residence in the Elizabethan
style, built in 1833 near the site of the old abbey;
Mount Eagle ; Obelisk Park, so called from a lofty
obelisk erected in the grounds by Lady Pierce, for the
employment of the poor during the scarcity of I74I ;
Thornhill ; Stillorgan Park ; Beaufield ; and Oatlands.
The village is within the delivery of the Dublin post,
and is a constabulary police station; there is also a
station at Newtown Park. Close to the village was till
lately an ale and beer brewery, which had been carried
on for more than 80 years by the family of Darley.
This parish, together with that of Kilmacud, consti-
tutes the perpetual curacy of Stillorgan, in the diocese
of Dublin, and in the patronage of the Dean of Christ
Church, Dublin. The tithe rent-charge is £76. 3., the
whole payable to the incumbent : the glebe, which is
situated in the parish of Kill, comprises 9 acres ; the
glebe-house was built about 90 years ago. The church,
a neat edifice, was enlarged in 181'2 and again in 1833 ;
the late Board of First Fruits, in the former instance,
granting a loan of £800, and in the latter a gift of
£500. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the union of Booterstown, and of that of
3 Y2
ST R A
ST R A
Sandyford and Glancullen. There are a dispensary in
the village, and an institution for bettering the condition
of the poor and suppressing mendicity. Adjoining the
grounds of Waltersland is a field called Silver Park,
from the great number of silver coins and ornaments
found there. On clearing the rocky ground, more than
100 graves were discovered, together with numerous
spear-heads and other warlike instruments, confirming
a tradition that a battle was once fought here; there
were also discovered some urns of baked clay containing
ashes and burnt bones, and a small chamber about a foot
and a half square, formed of four upright stones, with
one on the top and one at the bottom.
STONECARTY, barony of Shillelogher, county
of Kilkenny. — See Stamcarty.
STONEHALL, a parish, in the union of Mxjllin-
GAR, barony of Corkaree, county of Westmeath, and
province of Leinster, 6^ miles (N.) from MuUingar,
and on the road from Rathowen to Castletown Delvin ;
containing 635 inhabitants. This parish, which com-
prises 3601 statute acres of land, borders on the north-
east upon the most picturesque portion of Lough Dere-
veragh, over which rises the hill of Knockbody, com-
manding a view of a range of heights to the south : to
the west are other high hills, at the bottom of which,
and on the side of a small lake, are vestiges of the old
parish church. The land is chiefly under tillage, with
some bog, marshy land, and mountain. The principal
seat is Mornington. Stonehall is in the diocese of
Meath, and is one of the three parishes forming the
union ot Taghmon, or Multifarnham ; but the tithe
rent charge, amounting to £67. 10., is wholly impro-
priate in the Marquess of Headfort. There is also a
perpetual curacy, comprising the parishes, of Stonehall
and Multifarnham, and in the patronage of the Incum-
bent of Taghmon ; the income of the perpetual cnrate is
£1 13. '2., arising from £64. 12. payable by the rector of
Taghmon, £3* from the augmentation fund of Primate
Boulter, and a glebe of 1 |i acres valued at £11. 10. per
annum. The glebe-house, which is li mile from the
church, was built in 1 8 17 by a gift of £450 and a loan of
£50 from the late Board of First Fruits : both glebe-
house and glebe are in the parish of Multifarnham. The
church, a plain badly constructed edifice, in indifferent
repair, was built in 1H09 by a gift of £600 from the
same Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is part of the district of Rathconnell. In the
hill of Polnagoth is a remarkable cavern of considerable
depth.
STONEPOUND, barony of Bantry, county of
Wexford. — See Clonroche.
STONEYFORD, a village, in the parish of Church-
Jeri'oint, barony of Knocktopher, union and county
of KiLKE.NNY, and province of Leinster, 6 miles (S.)
from Kilkenny, on the road to Waterford ; containing
85 houses, and 413 inhabitants. It is a chief station of
the constabulary police, and has a receiving-house for
letters in connexion with Knocktopher and Thomas-
town. Petty-sessions are held every alternate week.
Here is a neat Roman Catholic chapel; also a dispen-
sary and fever hospital, maintained in the customary
manner ; and schools for boys and girls, and one for
infants, patronised by Mr. and Mrs. Flood, of Flood
Hall.
STRABAE.— See Straboe.
532
Seal.
STRABANE, a market
and post town (formerly a
parliamentary borough), and
the head of a union, partly
in the parishes of Leck-
PATRiCK and Urney, but i
chiefly in that of Camus-
juxta-Mourne, barony off
Strabane, county of Ty- '
RONE, and province of Ul-
ster, 12 miles (S. S. W.) from
Londonderry, 14;^ (N. W. by
N.) from Omagh, and 10"
(N. N. W.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to London-
derry ; containing 4704 inhabitants. Little notice of
this place occurs prior to the 14th century, when a
Franciscan monastery of the third order was founded
here, which flourished for a short time and ultimately
merged into the abbey of Scarvaherin. The place was
originally in the district of Munterlony ; but on the
formation of part of the territory of Tir-Owen info the
county of Tyrone, in 1591, it was made the head of the
barony of Strabane. It appears, however, to have been
merely an inconsiderable village till the plantation of
Ulster by James I., who in 1611 granted the surround-
ing district to the Earl of Abercorn, who previously to
the year I6I9 had erected a strong castle, around which
he built a town of 80 houses, and settled 120 families
mustering together 200 armed men, for whom, in I6l2,
he obtained a charter of incorporation and other valu-
able privileges. He also erected three water-mills for
grinding corn, and began to build a church. The town
now ranks the first in the county. In 1641 it was be-
sieged by Sir Phelini O'Nial, who took the castle, and,
carrying off the Countess of Abercorn, detained her as
a prisoner till ransomed by the payment of a large sum
of money. The Irish forces of O'Nial remained for a
long time in possession of the castle ; but it was at
length retaken by the troops under the command of
Colonel Sir G. Hamilton, brother of the Earl of Aber-
corn. In the war of the Revolution it was garrisoned
for the Protestants, and on the 14th of March, I6S8,
afforded an asylum to the inhabitants of Dungannon and
its neighbourhood, when abandoned by Colonel Lundy ;
in the following month, however, it fell into the hands
of the enemy, and on the 18th of April, James II.
arrived in person at this place and passed the ford to
Lifford. From Lifford he proceeded to Londonderry;
but finding that city in a state much more opposed to
his views than he had anticipated, he returned to the
castle of Strabane on the 20th, and received a deputa-
tion who surrendered to him the fort of Culmore.
The TOWN is situated on the river Mourne, near its
confluence with the Fin, and consists of ten principal
and several smaller streets ; it contained 883 houses in
1841, since which time several houses have been built,
and great improvements made, among which are the
newly constructed roads to Londonderry, Newtown-
Stewart, and Castlefin. The houses generally are well
built, and many of them are spacious and handsome,
especially in such of the principal streets as are of
recent formation. Over the river Mourne is a bridge,
recently widened ; and over the Foyle, by which name
the united rivers Mourne and Fin are called, is another,
to which three arches have been added. The appear-
STR A
S T II A
ance of the town is strikingly prepossessing, and the
effect is further increased by the thriving orchards
attached to the houses and in the immediate vicinity,
producing apples, pears, and cherries, in abundance.
The manufacture of corduroys and other cotton fabrics
was formerly carried on to a limited extent ; and in the
neighbourhood are several bleach- greens, none of which,
however, at present are in operation. The principal
trade is in grain, of which more is sold in this market
than in any other in the county ; great quantities are
annually shipped for Liverpool, Glasgow, and other
ports. The provision trade is also very extensive ; more
than 1000 tierces of beef and 2000 barrels of pork are
annually cured here for the English market. There is
a large ale and beer brewery of some celebrity, chiefly
for the supply of the town and neighbourhood, though
considerable quantities are sent to Londonderry, Cole-
raine, Lifford, Donegal, and other places. The prin-
cipal e.vports are wheat, oats, barley, flax, pork, beef,
butter, eggs, and poultry ; and the imports, timber, iron,
staves, groceries, and articles of general merchandise.
The trade of the place is much facilitated by the Stra-
bane canal, which meets the river Foyle at Leek, about
three miles below the town, and is navigable for vessels
of 40 tons' burthen. It was constructed in 1793, at an
expense of fl'J.OOO, defrayed by a grant from the Com-
missioners of Inland Navigation, aided by the Marquess
of Abercorn ; and was brought into the town by two
locks. On its banks are ranges of warehouses and
stores for grain, with wharfs and commodious quays,
well adapted to the carrying on of an extensive trade.
Near the town, on the river Foyle, is a salmon-fishery,
which belonged formerly to the corporation of Lifford,
but is now the property of the Earl of Erne ; great
quantities of fish are annually taken. Branches of the
Belfast and Provincial Banks have been established. In
the excise arrangements the town is within the district
of Londonderry. The principal market is on Tuesday,
and is largely supplied with corn, provisions, and brown
linen ; fairs are held on the first Thursday in every
mouth, and on the 1st Feb., l^th May, 1st Aug., and
l'2th November, for horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs.
The market-house is a commodious and handsome
building ; and the grain and meal markets, built by the
corporation in 1823, are large and well arranged : over
the principal gateway are the arms of Strabane. A
market has been lately established for the sale of flax,
and a commodious market-house erected by the town
commissioners ; it is held on Wednesdays.
James I., in the 10th of his reign, made the town a
free borough, and granted the inhabitants a charter of
incorporation, by the title of the " Provost, Free Bur-
gesses and Commonalty of the Borough of Strabane,"
with a weekly market, two annual fairs, and the power
of returning two members to the Irish parliament, hold-
ing a court of record, and other privileges. By this
charter the corporation consisted of a provost, twelve
free burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen,
assisted by a recorder, chamberlain, two serjeants-at-
mace, and other officers. The provost, who was also
clerk-of-thc-market and judge of the borough court, was
annually elected on the 'iQth of Sept. from the free bur-
gesses, by a majority of that body ; if no election took
place, he continued in office till the next appointment.
The free burgesses filled up vacancies as they occurred,
533
from the freemen, by the provost and a majority of their
own body ; and also admitted freemen, by favour oidy.
The corporation was dissolved by the act 3rd and 4th
Victoria, cap. 108. The town had returned two mem-
bers to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the
parliamentary borough was disfranchised. The court of
record held before the provost possessed jurisdiction to
the amount of five marks ; but after the abolition of
arrest for small sums, the business of the court de-
clined, and it eventually fell into disuse. The late cor-
poration had no property but the tolls of the fairs and
market, which were under their regulation, and are now
partly vested in Town Commissioners, pursuant to the
provisions of the Corporations' Reform act. There is a
chief constabulary police station : the quarter-sessions
for the county are held here in January, April, July,
and October ; petty-sessions on alternate Tuesdays ;
and a court for the manor of Strabane every month, at
which debts to the amount of 40s. are recoverable. The
bridewell contains two apartments with three beds in
each, two day-rooms, and a yard. The church built
here in 1619 by the Earl of Abercorn has, since the
parliamentary war of 1641, been the parish church of
Camus-juxta-Mourne ; it has been enlarged from time to
time, and is now a handsome cruciform structure in the
Grecian style, with a cupola, and the arms of the
founder over the principal entrance. There are a spa-
cious Roman Catholic chapel, two places of worship for
Presbyterians, and two for Wesleyan and Primitive
Methodists. The union workhouse, on a site of 9i
acres given free, was completed in 1841, and is con-
structed for 800 inmates. About one mile from the
town, on the road to Londonderry, is a chalybeate
spring containing iron, magnesia, and sulphur, held in
solution by carbonic-acid gas. Of the castle built by
the Earl of Abercorn, nothing now remains ; the site is
occupied by a dwelling-house and merchant's stores.
Strabane gives the inferior titles of Baron and Viscount
to the Marquess of Abercorn.
STRABOE, a parish, in the barony of Rathvilly,
union and county of Carlow, and province of Leinster,
3 miles (W.) from Tullow ; containing 214 inhabitants.
It is situated on the north side of the county, and on
the confines of the county of Kildare ; and comprises
1104 statute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese of
Leighlin, forming part of the union of Rathvilly : the
tithe rent-charge is £S6. 12.8. In the Roman Catholic
divisions, also, the parish is part of the union or district
of Rathvilly.
STRABOE, a parish, in the union of Mountmel-
LicK, barony of Maryborough East, Queen's county,
and province of Leinster, 2f miles (S.E.) from Mount-
mellick, and on the road from Portarhngton to Mary-
borough ; containing 2002 inhabitants. This parish,
which is situated near the river Onas, and watered by
one of its tributary streams, comprises .5757i statute
acres ; the land is generally productive, and limestone
of good quality is quarried for agricultural and other
uses. The principal seats are Shara House, Eyne
House, Straboe, Derry, and Knocknagrove. At Shara
is a foundry, and there is a constabulary police station
at the Heath. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Leighlin, forming part of the union of Maryborough ;
the rectory is impropriate, and the tithe rent-charge is
£225 late currency, of which £150 are payable to the
STR A
impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Maryborough. There are some remains of
the parish church, and a well held in much esteem, near
which are the walls of a castellated mansion, erected on
the site of the ancient castle of Morett, one of the for-
tresses originally built by Lord Mortimer, and held for
many ages by the Fitzgeralds against the O'Mores. The
present remains have a stack of chimneys on each side-
wall and gable, with a turret at one of the angles ; but
the interior is wholly destroyed. About OQO yards to
the south, beyond a rivulet that runs through a small
valley, is a building apparently an ancient chapel.
Shara' Castle, in this parish, called formerly Lion or
Shelaw Castle, was, in 1397, the head of a manor be-
longing to Sir Robert Preston ; it was besieged and
taken by the insurgents in the war of 1641, and in the
following year surrendered to Sir Charles Coote, from
whom it was retaken by Owen Roe O'Nial in 1646. It
finally surrendered, in 16.50, to Colonels Reynolds and
Hewson, by whom it was demolished; the few remains
that existed were wholly removed some few years
since.
STRADBALLY, a parish, in the barony of Dun-
KELLiN, union and county of Galway, and province of
CoNNAUGHT, 3 Hiilcs (S.) from Oranmore, and on the
road from Galway to Gort ; containing, with the village
of Claran-Bridge (which is described under its own
head), 1184 inhabitants, of whom 280 are in the village
of Stradbally. This parish, which comprises 41 675
statute acres, is situated in the interior of an inlet that
proceeds eastward from Kilcolgan Point and receives two
rivers which flow through the parish ; the Kilcolgan
river, frequently called the Carnamart ; and the Claran,
nearly dry in summer, and meeting the sea at Claran-
Bridge. The surface for the most part consists of large
tracts of naked limestone rock, yet aflfording, in all those
places that are covered with soil, a very nourishing
herbage for sheep, and where tilled throwing up excel-
lent crops notwithstanding bad culture : the sea-weed
collected from the shore is the only manure used, and
the too frequent application of it has been found very
e-xhausting. Ash-timber thrives well. The district is
supplied with peat for fuel from Connemara and the
coast of Clare, by the inlet, which is navigable for small
craft to the village. There is a weekly market on Tues-
day at Claran-Bridge ; and four fairs are held on the first
Thursday after the 11th of Feb., May, Aug., and Nov. :
the chief traffic, both in the markets and fairs, is in
wheat, oats, and pigs, which last are bought up by the
agents of the provision-merchants. There are also fairs
at Tubberbracken in May and October, the latter chiefly
for turkeys. Kilcoran, a residence situated near the
village, has been enlarged and improved according to
the Tudor style of architecture : in the demesne are the
ruins of a castle, said to have belonged to a celebrated
heroine of the Clanricarde family, named Norah Burke,
but better known, from her cruelties, by that of Norah
ua Kaun, or " Norah of the heads." Lavally is a resi-
dence belonging to the Lynches : several old monuments
in the neighbourhood during the three last centuries
bear the names of members of this family. Rahasane is
a fine thickly wooded demesne.
The parish is in the diocese of Kilmacduagh : the
rectory is appropriate to the see and to the arch-
534
STR A
deaconry ; the vicarage forms part of the union of
Kilcolgan. The tithe rent-charge is £86. 1'2. 6., of
which £'21. 12. 9- are payable to the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners, £41. 7. to the archdeacon, and the
remainder to the vicar. The Roman Catholic parish,
sometimes called Kilcornan and Claran-Bridge, is co-
extensive with that of the Established Church, and has
two chapels. The old chapel is in a retired situation ;
a stone over the entrance bears the date 1763 : the
modern chapel at Claran-Bridge, a plain slated build-
ing, was erected by the late C. and T. Redington,
Esqrs., father and grandfather of the present proprie-
tor of Kilcornan. A monastery near the village was
also built by the same gentleman, and has been en-
dowed with seven acres of land, on condition that the
tenantry on the Kilcornan estate be educated gratuitously
at the school attached to the establishment. A building
for an institution of the religious sisters of charity was
lately erected by Mrs. Redington, widow of the late Mr.
Redington, on a piece of ground given by the present pro-
prietor on similar conditions to the former : that lady
contributes £25 per annum, and supplies books and
other requisites, to a female school. Near Lavally is the
holy well of Tubberbracken, "the Well of the Trout," not
much frequented at present. Not far from Kilcornan,
in the townland of Tarmon, and on the estate of Mr.
Redington, are the ruins of an old church, in a cemetery
now not used from a superstitious notion of the peasantry.
The castle of Dunkellin, now in ruins, the property of the
Marquess of Clanricarde, gives the inferior title of Baron
to that nobleman.
STRADBALLY, a parish, in the union of Tralee,
barony of Corkaguiney, county of Kerry, and pro-
vince of Munster, 10 miles (N. E. byN.) from Dingle,
on the Connor-Hill road to Tralee ; containing 1202
inhabitants, of whom 336 are in the village. It is
situated on St. Brandon's bay, and comprises 4103
statute acres ; the soil is in general light, and there are
some patches of bog : the state of agriculture is gradu-
ally improving. A new road, in continuation of the line
from Dingle made a few years since, passes through the
parish, and has been extended to Knockglass, in the
parish of Kilgobbin, where it forms a junction with the
mail-road to Tralee. The village of Stradbally com-
prises 53 houses, mostly thatched ; and within the
limits of the parish are Hillville and Stradbally Lodge,
both houses commanding fine views of the bay and
mountain of St. Brandon. The parish is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, forming part of the
union of Ballynacourty, also called the union of Kilflyn
or Kilflin; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of
Cork, and the vicarial tithe rent-charge is £138. 15.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the district of Castle-Gregory. In the cemetery adjoin-
ing the village are the ruins of the church.
STRADBALLY, county of Limerick. — SccCastle-
CONNELL.
STRADBALLY, a market and post town, and a
parish, in the union of Athy, barony of Stradbally,
Queen's county, and province of Leinster, 5 miles
(E.) from Maryborough, and 38 (S. W. by W.) from
Dublin, on the road to Cork ; containing 2588 inhabit-
ants, of whom 16S2 are in the town. This place, an-
ciently called " Mon-au-Bealing," was the site of a
Franciscan monastery founded in the 12th century by
STR A
S T R A
the chief of the O'Mores, and which in \r,9'i was granted
with all its possessions, comprising several castles, to
Francis Cosbye and his heirs, to hold as of the Castle
of Maryborough, in capite, by knight's service, at a
yearly rent of £17. 6. 3., and to provide nine English
horsemen. This grant was, in I609, confirmed and re-
newed by James 1st to Richard, son of Alexander Cos-
bye, together with the manor and lordship of Timahoe.
The TOWN is one of the most pleasant in the county ; it
is situated on the banks of a small river which flows
into the Barrow, in a vale surrounded by lofty hills, and
in a district richly embellished with cultivated demesnes.
The principal street is spacious ; the number of houses
in the town is '299, and they are mostly well built : the
river is crossed by a bridge of three arches. The southern
branch of the Grand Canal passes along the eastern side
of the barony into the vale of the Barrow, opening a
communication with Dublin and the towns on that river ;
but there are no manufactures, nor is any trade carried
on, except that arising from the produce of two flour-
mills on the stream that runs through the town. The
market is on Saturday ; and there are fairs on May 6th,
July lOth, Aug. '2Ist, Sept. 14th, and Nov. '21st. A
chief constabulary police force is stationed in the town ;
general sessions of the peace are held here twice in the
year, and petty-sessions on alternate Fridays. The
court-house is a neat building, and attached to it is a
small bridewell, containing three cells, one day-room,
and an airing-yard. There is a dispensary ; also a
savings' bank.
The parish comprises 2466|- statute acres : the land
is good, and much of it in demesne ; the system of
agriculture is improved, and very excellent limestone is
procured, which is used for building and other pur-
poses. The vicinity of the town is beautifully varied.
Stradbally Hall is a handsome mansion adjoining the
town, and situated in a highly embellished demesne,
within the limits of which was the ancient castle of the
O'Mores. Brockley Park, formerly occupied by the
Earl of Roden, is pleasantly situated on the opposite
side of the town. In the vicinity are also Ballykilcavan,
the seat and improved demesne of Sir Edward Welsh,
Bart, i Kellyville ; Timogue ; Ballymanus ; Moyanna ;
Vicarstown ; Rahinduffe ; Derry ; Lohihoa ; Clopook ;
and Esker. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Leighlin, united by act of council, in 1*74, to the
vicarage of Moyanna, and in the patronage of T. P.
Cosby, Esq. ; the rectory is impropriate in the Provost
and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin. The tithe rent-
charge of the parish is £156. 10. 8., of which £104. 12.
are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to
the vicar. The glebe-house is a good residence, and the
glebe comprises 12 acres; the gross tithe of the benefice
of the vicar is £ 1 55. 15. The church, a handsome build-
ing in the town, was erected in 1764 by subscription;
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £321
for its repairs. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
parishes of Moyanna, Corclone, Timogue, Fossey, and
Kilcolmanbrook : the chapel in the town is a spacious
edifice, and a handsome chapel has been erected at
Timahoe in the Gothic style, capable of accommodating
4000 persons. A battle is said to have been fought at
Stradbally bridge between the first settlers of the Cosby
family and a native sept, in which the leaders on both
535
sides were killed. Near the town are the ruins of an
old church, the walls of which are about six feet thick
and of considerable height : under one end is the mau-
soleum of the Cosby family. Four miles to the south
is the Dun of Clopoke, an isolated rock, in which are
various singular cavities : it has a level summit, formerly
encompassed with a rampart of stone, and was a fort of
the O'Mores ; the ascent is steep and rugged. It is
now remarkable only for the romantic views which it
commands along the range of hills in its vicinity and the
rich pastures of Timogue.
STRADBALLY, a maritime parish, in the union of
DuNGARVAN, barony of DECiES-without-DRUM, county
of Waterkord, and province of Munster, 7 miles (a.
by W.) from Kilmacthoinas ; on the coach-road from
Waterford to Cork, and on the river Tay; containing
4419 inhabitants, of whom 814 are in the village. The
parish comprises 10,917 statute acres, of which 150 are
waste land. The village consists of one long street, with
smaller ones diverging from it ; the houses are well
built, and command fine marine views : it is a place of
some resort during the bathing-season, but the accom-
modations are inconsiderable. Petty sessions are held
once a fortnight ; and it is a constabulary police station.
Here was formerly a productive salmon-fishery, which
has totally declined. A new road from Stradbally to Kil-
macthomas, shortening the distance one mile, has been
lately made. South-west of the village, on a very steep
cliff, a signal station-house was erected by the govern-
ment during the late war ; it is now a private residence :
the sea view is of almost boundless extent, and the cliff
on which the house stands is nearly perpendicular,
measuring 370 feet from the summit. Near the shore
is Woodhouse, a large and well built mansion, situated
in a beautiful valley through which the river Tay winds
its course ; the proprietor's ancestor, in 1742, obtained
a premium for having planted here no fewer than
152,640 trees, which form a noble wood, having flou-
rished remarkably, though so near the sea. Woodhouse
was anciently called Torc-Raith, or Tar-Cora, and was
the residence of a branch of the Geraldines. The other
seats are Fahagh, Glenview, and Carrickbarron.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore,
episcopally united, in 1*99, to the vicarages of Bally-
laneen and Clonea, and in the patronage of the Duke
of Devonshire, in whom the rectory is impropriate : the
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £596. 8., of which £375
are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to
the incumbent ; the gross tithe of the benefice of the
vicar is £495. IS. The glebe in Clonea consists of two
acres ; there is no glebe-house. The church is a neat
structure with a tower and spire, built in 1786 by aid of
£500 from the Board of First Fruits ; a gallery was
added in 1830 : the churchyard is well planted, and
adorned by the ruins of the ancient abbey of Stradbally,
which, being overgrown with ivy, have a very pic-
turesque appearance. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, comprising the
parishes of Stradbally and Ballylaneen, and containing
three chapels, two of which are in this parish, at Strad-
bally and Fahagh, the latter built principally at the
expense of the late James Barron, Esq. The late Rev.
P. Wall, P.P., left upwards of £100 to be distributed in
clothing and other charities. On the estate of Fahagh
are the remains of an ancient building which derives
STR A
STR A
interest from having been the place of refuge of the
Fitzgeralds. At Ballivoney, traces of an extensive
building are visible, extending in length 180 feet, and
in breadth 90, with an open wall in front ; it is sup-
posed to have belonged to the Knights Templars. Two
miles south-west of the village, on a very steep cliff, are
the ruins of a castle (the Irish name of which signifies
"the house of fortification") built by the Fitzgeralds,
and defended on the land side by a deep trench, over
which was a drawbridge. At Carrigahilla is a relic sup-
posed to be Druidical, consisting of an oval inclosure,
1 8'2 yards long by 33 broad, having a large upright stone
in the centre and several smaller ones around it. One
of the brotherhood of the Augustine friars, ruins of
whose abbey are in the churchyard, was called the
" White Friar," and is the hero of many legendary
tales.
STRADE, county Mayo. — See Templemore.
STRADONE, a market and post town, in the parish
of Larah, barony of Upper Loughtee, union and
county of Cavan, and province of Ulster, 5 miles
(E. by S.) from Cavan, and 50 (N. W.) from Dublin, on
the road from Virginia to Ballyhaise ; containing 53
houses, and S^'J inhabitants. It is a station of the con-
stabulary police, and has a dispensary. The market is
on Monday ; and fairs are held on Feb. 7th, March 'iSth,
May 10th, June 24th, Aug. I6th, Oct. lOth, and Dec.
18th, for general farming stock. Stradone House is a
handsome mansion, situated in an extensive and finely
wooded demesne adjoining the town.
STRAFFAN, a parish, in the union of Celbridge,
barony of North Salt, county of Kildare, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 3 miles (S. W.) from Celbridge, on
the road to Naas ; containing 834 inhabitants. It com-
prises 2286i statute acres, nearly equally divided between
tillage and pasture ; the soil is in general a strong stiff
clay. The Grand Canal passes within two, and the
Royal Canal within about four, miles of the parish.
The principal seats are Straffan House, Barberstown,
Lodge Park, and Straffan Lodge. The parish is a vicar-
age, in the diocese of Dublin, forming part of the union
of Kildrought ; the rectory is impropriate in Mrs. White-
law, and the tithe rent-charge is £97. 10., of which £60
are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Celbridge : the chapel is a
neat edifice, situated in the village.
STRAIDKELLY, or Straightkelly, a village, in
the parish of Tickmacrevan, union of Larne, barony
of Lower Glenarm, county of Antrim, and province
of Ulster, li mile (N, W. byN.) from Glenarm, on the
old coast-road to Belfast ; containing about 25 houses
and 172 inhabitants. It is situated on the hill of Cloony,
over which the old road passes at an elevation of nearly
200 feet above the level of the sea ; while the new mili-
tary road takes nearly a level course along the shore,
round the base of the hill, being not more than 15 feet
above high-water mark.
STRANDTOWN, a village, in the parish of Holly-
wood, union of Belfast, barony of Lower Castle-
reagh, county of Down, and province of Ulster;
containing 2" houses, and 129 inhabitants.
STRANGFORD, a small sea-port and post town, in
the parish of Ballyculter, union of Downpatrick,
barony of Legale, county of Down, and province of
536
Ulster, 6 miles (N. E.) from Downpatrick, and 79f
(N. N. E.) from Dublin ; containing 571 inhabitants. In
the year 1400, the constable of Dublin city, with divers
others, fought a great sea battle here against the Scotch,
in which many of the English were slain. Strangford
is situated on the western side of the channel which
forms the entrance of the lough to which the town gives
name ; it is a very small place, having only 130 houses,
but contains a chapel of ease to the parish church of
Ballyculter, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a Wesleyan
Methodist meeting-house. Here is also a small quay
for the convenience of the fishing-boats, and of the
passengers crossing the strait to Portaferry. It has a
sub-post office in connexion with Downpatrick and
Portaferry ; and is a constabulary police station : fairs
are held on Aug. 12th and Nov. Sth. The trade is
chiefly in the export of grain, provisions, and live stock,
and the import of coal, iron, bark, and timber : the
gross estimated value of the exports from Strangford
and other places on the lough, in a recent year, amounted
to £79,633, whereof £59,221 were for corn, meal, and
flour, and £17,062 other provisions; and the gross
estimated value of the imports for the same period was
£20,498, whereof £9850 were coal, £1933 iron, &c., and
the remainder various other articles. Near the place
are the remains of two castles called Walsh'stown and
Audeleys : the former has been converted into a hand-
some dwelling-house ; the latter, still in ruins, is on a
hill which commands a view of the lough as far as New-
town, and is supposed to have been erected by one of
the Audeleys, who settled in this county under John
De Courcy. Close to the village, and on the edge of
the lough, is Old Court, the beautiful residence of Lord
de Ros. Near the village also, and in the parish of
Ballyculter, is a large structure now called Strangford
Park ; it was formerly one of the Protestant charter
schools, but on the abandonment of these schools by the
government, the building and lands reverted to Lord de
Ros, the proprietor of the soil.
The lough of Strangford, formerly called Lough Coyne,
extends from Killard Point to Newtown, a distance of
about 17 miles, from north to south ; in some parts it
is five and in others three miles in breadth, and at its
entrance not quite one. It contains a vast number of
islands and rocks. Six of the islands are inhabited ;
namely. Castle Island, in the parish of Saul, containing
lis acres of land under cultivation, and on which are
the ruins of a castle ; Rea Island, in the parish of Tully-
nakill, containing 103 acres, occupied by a farmer;
Wood Island, also in the parish of TuUynakill, contain-
ing 16 acres, and on which are large beds of shells,
from 50 to 60 feet above the level of the sea, that are
converted into excellent lime by burning ; Tagart Island,
in the parish of Killyleagh ; Islandbawn, in the parish
of Killinchy, containing 30 acres of land ; and Maghea
Island, in the parish of TuUynakill, containing 137 acres
of land. This last has a small quay, to which brigs can
come up ; and on it are the ruins of a castle, formerly
the summer residence of the Knox family. Strangford
lough is a safe and deep harbour, admitting vessels of
the largest draught ; but, owing to the great rapidity
of the tides, and to the rocks near its entrance, on which
the sea breaks violently, it is not prudent for a strange
vessel to attempt to enter. There are two passages to
it, divided by a reef nearly in the centre of the channel
S T R A
and half a mile long, called Rock Angus, corrupted into
" the Rock and Goose," on which is a stone beacon, and
at the south extremity a perch called the Garter, which
is dry at half ebb ; south-westward from this perch, at
a cable's length, are the Pots rocks. The passage on
the south side of Rock Angus has 'Z^ fathoms of water,
and is navigable only for small vessels. The tide runs
in and out of the lough with such velocity as on
some occasions to carry vessels against the wind.
Strangford gives the title of Viscount to the family
of Smythe.
STRANOCUM, a village, in the parish and union of
Ballvmoney, barony of Upper Dunluce, county of
Antrim, and province of Ulster ; containing 3 1 houses,
and 140 inhabitants. Fairs are held on April ■30th and
Dec. 29th.
STRANORLAR, a market and post town, a parish,
and the head of a union, in the barony of Raphoe,
county of Donegal, and province of Ulster; 10^
miles (W. byS.) from Lifford, and 118 (N. W.byN.)
from Dublin, on the road from Strabane to Ballyshan-
non, and on the river Fin ; containing 6l6 1 inhabitants,
of whom 385 are in the town. The parish, according to
the Ordnance survey, comprises 15, ,509 statute aires, of
which 159 are covered by water. That part which forms
the estate of Sir Edmund Hayes is under an improved
system of agriculture, but the other part appears to be
neglected. Here are two veins containing spar, ochre,
and apparently lead-ore ; they are in a limestone rock,
and in the vicinity are great bodies of decomposed lime-
stone, forming excellent manure : some is quarried for
building. The stupendous mountains of Barnesmore,
alike remarkable for their perpendicular ascent and for
their beautifully varied rocks and herbage, form the Gap
of the same name, situated just without the south-
western extremity of the parish ; through this gap a
fine stream flows into Lough Esk, and it is also the
pass between the north and west of Ireland, coastwise,
and on the leading road to Donegal. The town com-
prises SI houses, of which '20 are well built, the re-
mainder being occupied by labourers and artisans. Here
are two good hotels ; also a market and court house.
The market, at which fine brown linen is sold, is held
every Saturday ; and there are fairs on March 29th,
June nth, July 6th, Aug. 12th, Oct. lOth, and Dec. 9th
and 10th. Manor courts are held in the court-house
before the seneschal on the first Saturday in every
month; and petty-sessions are held on alternate Wednes-
days. The linen manufacture is partially carried on ;
there are two extensive bleach-greens near the town.
In the neighbourhood are numerous gentlemen's seats,
among which are, Drumboe Castle, the residence of Sir
E. Hayes, situated on a pretty lawn in the centre of an
improved demesne ; Tyrcallen, the property of the Mar-
quess Conyngham, a beautiful and extensively planted
demesne, on the principal elevation in which stands an
observatory ; Edenmore, a neat mansion, in a small but
handsome demesne, on the south bank of the Fin ;
■VN'oodlands, a modem residence ; Glenmore, a mansion
in improved grounds ; Curcam, the seat of the Stewart
family ; and Cloghan Lodge, the occasional residence
of Sir T. C. Style, Bart., near the romantic waterfall
and salmon-leap of this name on the Fin.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Raphoe, and in the patronage of the Crown ; the tithe
Vol. n.— 5Sr
S T R A
rent-charge is £363. 15. The glebe-house was built in
1812, at a cost of £692 British currency, of which £46
were a loan, and the remainder a gift from the late
Board of First Fruits. The church is an old building,
to which the same Board, in 1825, granted a loan of
£300 for the erection of a gallery. Prior to the 24th of
March, 1835, this parish, forming part of the deanery
of Raphoe, consisted of the two perpetual cures of Stra-
norlar and Kilteevock ; but by an order in council of
the above date it was disappropriated from the deanery,
and erected into a separate and distinct parish, or bene-
fice. It was provided, however, that the incumbent
should pay to the perpetual curate of Kilteevock the
same salary as had been paid by the dean. The Roman
Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church ; it has a chapel in the town. There
are places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion
with the General Assembly, and for Wesleyan Metho-
dists ; also a dispensary. The union workhouse, on a
site of five acres purchased for £213. 10., was completed
in 1842, at a cost of £5240, and is constructed for 400
inmates.
STRATFORD-UPON-SLANEY, a market-town and
a parochial district, in the union of Baltinglass, barony
of Upper Talbotstown, county of Wicklow, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 2^ miles (N.N. E.) from Baltinglass
(to which it has a receiving house for letters), near the
road to Wexford through Tullow ; containing 2221 in-
habitants, of whom 618 are in the town. This town,
which is of recent date, owes its origin to Edward, Earl
of Aldborough, who, towards the close of the last cen-
tury, conferred upon it his family name, " Stratford,"
and distinguished it from other places of that name by
the adjunct which describes its situation on the Slaney.
A battle was fought here during the disturbances of
1798. The town is built on the summit of a consider-
able hill rising from the bank of the river, is regularly
laid out in streets and squares, and commands most
extensive views, including the svindings of the river.
Adjoining it, on the bank of the river, are extensive
cotton and calico-printing works, established in 1792,
by Messrs. Orr and Co. : they employ from 800 to 1000
persons ; the machinery is worked by water-power, and
the average number of pieces printed and finished weekly
is about 2000. The market is on Tuesday and Satur-
day, and by the patent the town is entitled to two annual
fairs, which have never yet been held. The district
parish, also called Rathbran, comprises 5831J statute
acres. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese
of Leighlin, endowed in 1792 by Edward, Earl of Ald-
borough, with a rent-charge of £50 out of the Stratford
estate, and in the patronage of Colonel John Wingfield
Stratford. The curate's stipend is augmented by a
grant from the trustees of Primate Boulter's fund. The
late Board of First Fruits, in 1811, contributed £4.'>0
and a loan of £100 towards the erection of the glebe-
house, to which is attached a glebe of 10^ acres. The
church, a neat structure, was built in 1*90 by the noble
proprietor ; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners re-
cently granted £679 for its repair. There is a Roman
Catholic chapel, belonging to the district of Baltinglass ;
also a place of worship for Presbyterians of the General
Assembly. A fever hospital, with a dispensary, was
erected near the town in 1817; it is a neat building,
comprising S wards containing 24 beds. Adjoining the
3 Z
ST R O
S U B U
church is a plot of two acres of freehold land, from
which Lord Henniker takes his title of an Irish baron.
STREAMSTOWN, a village, in the parish of Ard-
NORCHER, union of MuLLiNGAR, barony of Moycashel,
county of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, 5
miles (N. E.) from Moate, on the road to Mullingar ;
containing about 20 houses and 100 inhabitants. It is
a station of the constabulary pohce ; and has a patent
for fairs, but none are held.
STREET, anciently Straid, a parish, partly in the
barony of Ardagh, union and county of Longford,
but chiefly in that of Moyggish, union of Granard,
county of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, Si
miles (X. by E.) from Rathowen ; on the river Inny
and Lough Dereveragh, and on the road to Granard ;
containing 3905 inhabitants. This parish comprises
l6,722f statute acres, of which about 9500 are good
land chiefly under tillage ; its eastern side is composed
of vast tracts of bog, through which the Inny winds,
and on the west is the county of Longford. The farms
are large and for the most part well cultivated ; much
draining and other improvements are going forward,
especially on the estates of Major Blackall, and W. Wil-
son, Esq. ; green crops are coming into cultivation, and
the people seem generally comfortable and contented.
Here are quarries of very fine limestone, good black
marble, and thin black flagstone. The seats are Colam-
ber and Kildevin. The living is a vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Ardagh, and in the patronage of Fulke Greville,
Esq., in whom the rectory is impropriate; the tithe
rent-charge is £276. 18. 6., one-half payable to the im-
propriator, and the other to the vicar. The glebe com-
prises 5 acres, valued at £10. 10. per annum ; the glebe-
house was built by aid of £400 and a loan of £382, in
1812, from the late Board of First Fruits. The church
is an ancient building, in good repair : divine service is
also performed in two school-houses, at each extremity
of the parish, on the evenings of the alternate Sundays
throughout the year. The Roman Catholic parish is
co-extensive with that of the Established Church ; the
chapel is at Boherquil. A loan fund with a capital of
upwards of £3000, has been productive of much good.
At Colamber are the ruins of a castle, which was be-
sieged by Oliver Cromwell ; and the ruins of an old
church and burial-ground : the castle formed the
boundary of the English pale. There are also the re-
mains of an old church with a burial-place at Clonmore,
anciently a monastery of the order of St. Bernard,
founded by St. Fintan about the 13th century. Oppo-
site the church is a large high moat. At Kennard, in
the parish, was a nunnery. In the midst of the bog is
a mineral spring.
STROKESTOWN, a market and post town, in the
parish of Bumlin, union, barony, and county of Ros-
common, and province of Connaught, on the new road
from Dublin to Ballina, 12 miles (\V. byN.) from Long-
ford, and 74i (W. N. W.) from Dublin ; containing 1611
inhabitants. It consists of two streets intersecting each
other at right angles ; one is 49 yards wide, and the
other 21 : there are 276 houses, some of them very good
buildings of stone, covered with Welsh slate brought by
land-carriage from Sligo. The main street is terminated
by the grand entrance to Lord Hartland's demesne ; a
new church being at the other end, on the highest ground
in the town.
538
The market is held weekly, and is very numerously
attended, giving a bustling appearance to the place.
The country people, besides the ordinary articles of pro-
vision, bring a small quantity of linen, linen-yarn, and
tow, together with woollen-stockings, webs of flannel,
and a peculiar sort of stuff made with a thread some-
what between the texture of woollen yarn and worsted :
the stuffs are dyed and dressed in the town. Abundance
of eels and other river fish, salt-water fish, and laver,
a preparation of sea-weed, from Sligo, are brought to
this market. About seven thousand barrels of wheat
are sold here in the year, the surrounding lands being
reckoned peculiarly favourable for its production. It
is chiefly purchased for the flour-mills of Sligo ; but
much grain is also sent to Richmond Harbour, at the
head of the Royal Canal, about seven miles distant, for
the Dublin market, or for exportation. Fairs are held
on the first Tuesdays in May, June, October, and
November. In the town is a brewery. Races, sup-
ported by private subscription, take place on the course
of Ballynafad, at the base of Slievebawn, between three
and four miles to the south of the town. Quarter-
sessions are held here once a year for the northern half
of the county ; a sessions-house, and a bridewell on the
new plan, have been recently erected, the latter con-
taining apartments for the keeper, a day-room, and
cells for the prisoners. This is a constabulary police
station ; petty-sessions are held on alternate Thursdays ;
and there is a dispensary.
Bawn House, the noble mansion of Lord Hartland, is
situated to the east of the town, in a demesne of more
than 1000 acres : it consists of a centre with an Ionic
portico, having a flat roof guarded by a balustrade, and
of heavy advancing wings, shewing the original character
of the whole edifice. Within a grove at a short distance
from the front are the roofless ruins of an old church,
some of the windows of which retain their ancient mul-
lions, while others are of modern workmanship : the in-
closed area has been selected for the site of a family
mausoleum ; the surrounding grounds are very beau-
tiful. The church forms a regular octagon, and is a
handsome building of limestone, with a tower and spire,
in the Gothic style. A bequest of £800 was made by
the late B. Mahaii for the i)oor of the parishes of the
ecclesiastical union. Chalybeate springs abound in the
neighbourhood.
SUBULTER, a parish, in the union of Kanturk,
barony of Du hallow, county of Cork, and province of
MuNSTER, 3 miles (E.) from Kanturk, near the road to
Mallow ; containing 273 inhabitants. Knockninoss, in
this parish, was, in 1647, the scene of a desperate battle
between the forces of Lord Inchiquin and those of Lord
Taafe. The former, having taken the field with 4000
foot and 1200 horse, on Nov. 13th encountered the
Irish army, consisting of 7464 foot and IO76 horse,
posted on the hill of Knockninoss. The English forces
charged up the ascent : the Irish at first stood their
ground, and forced their assailants before them, some
of the Highlanders of Sir Alexander Mac Donell's or Mac
Allisdrum's corps even driving part of them a consider-
able distance, and capturing their artillery and carriages ;
but Lord Inchiquin having found means to detach a
party of horse round, so as to gain the summit of the
hill, the right wing, commanded by Lord Taafe, and a
great part of the main body, fled. The left wing, also, com-
SWAN
S WO R
manded by Mac Allisdrum, was at length forced to yield,
both the leader and his men giving up their swords :
but notwithstanding this submission, Lord Inchiquin
having ordered that no quarter should be given, the
whole were put to the sword, making tlic total number
slain of the Irish army no less than 4000. The parish
consists only of the townlauds of Subulter, and Knock-
niaoss or Knocknanuss ; and comprises 74'2 statute
acres. The land is of good quality, and chiefly in
tillage : limestone is found, and burnt for manure. For
all civil purposes, and for the performance of clerical
duties, the parish is considered part of Kilbrin. It is a
rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne, forming the corps of
the prebend of Subulter in the cathedral of St. Colman,
Cloyne ; the tithe rent-charge is £4". 9. 6. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the union
or district of Kilbrin.
SUMMERHILL, a post-town, in the parish of La-
RACOR, union of Trim, barony of Lower Movfenragh,
county of Me ATH, and province of Leinster, 5 miles
(S. by E.) from Trim, and 17 (W. N. W.) from Dublin,
by Dunboyne ; containing 47 houses, and '28* inhabit-
ants. This town is pleasantly situated on the road from
Dublin to Trim, by Kilcock, and also on that by Dun-
boyne, which latter road is nearer by three miles. It
has a sub-post office under Kilcock and Trim, and is a
chief constabulary police station ; petty-sessions are
held on alternate Tuesdays, and fairs on April 30th, June
9th, Sept. 'i'ind, and Nov. '25th. Here is a Presbyterian
meeting-house ; and contiguous to the town is Summer-
hill House, the seat of Lord Longford, situated in a
noble demesne.
SUTTONS, county Wexford. — See Kilmokea.
SWANLINBAR, a post-town in the parish of Kin-
awley, union of Enniskillen, barony of Tullaghagh,
county of Cavan, and province of LTlster, 8 miles
(N. W.) from Ballyconnell ; containing 492 inhabitants.
This town is supposed to have derived its origin from
a rich iron-mine in the neighbouring mountain of
Cuilcagh, which was worked at a remote period to a
very considerable extent. The ore was smelted into
pig-iron in furnaces about half a mile distant, and
manufactured into bars at some works erected upon a
powerful mountain stream which flows through the vil-
lage : these works were continued fill all the timber of
the mountains was consumed in smelting the ore, when
they were necessarily abandoned. In 17S6 a part of
the town was destroyed by an accidental fire, which
consumed 12 houses. It now contains 113 houses, and
is situated on the old road from Ballyconnell to Ennis-
killen, and surrounded by the wild mountains of the
barony. The place is chiefly distinguished for its
mineral waters which are strongly impregnated with
sulphur, earth, sea-salt, and fossil alkali, and in their
medicinal effect are both alterative and diaphoretick ;
they are esteemed highly efficacious as a restorative
from debility. From April to September Swanlinbar is
the resort of numbers of the gentry of the surrounding
district. The spa is situated in an inclosure, tastefully
laid out in pleasant walks, and embelhshed with thriving
plantations : contiguous to the well is a handsome
pump-room, in which the visiters usually take breakfast,
and where on re-assembling an excellent dinner is pro-
vided. The mountains a6ford ample soope for the re-
searches of the mineralogist, and contain several natural
539
and artificial caves ; on the neighbouring townlands of
Lurgan and Coolagh are strong indications of coal. A
few linens are manufactured in the vicinity, besides other
articles of clothing for the inhabitants. In connexion
with Ballyconnell is a receiving-house for letters ; and
fairs are held annually on Feb. 2nd, March 30th, May
18th, June 29th, July 27th, Aug. 18th, Sept. 3rd and
29th, Oct. 26th, and Dec. 1st and 29th. A chief con-
stabulary police station has been established ; and petty-
sessions are held on alternate Wednesdays. On the
summit of the mountain of Cuilcagh, is a fine spring of
excellent water : on this mountain, which is intimately
associated with much of the legendary history of the
district, the Maguires anciently invested their chiefs with
supreme command over the adjacent country of Fer-
managh.
SWATTERAGH, a village, in the parish of Magh-
ERA, union of Magherafelt, barony of Loughinsho-
LiN, county of Londonderry, and province of Ulster,
3i miles (N.) from Maghera, on the road to Coleraine,
and on the river Clady ; containing 238 inhabitants ;
and comprising about 50 houses, which, with the
exception of one, are small and indifferently built. Here
is a corn-mill, the water from which, after passing under
the bridge, divides, and, making a curious circuit, forms
an extensive island. The country around is barren and
badly cultivated, being esteemed the worst part of the
Mercers' Company's estate ; but a change may be ex-
pected, as the leases have lately fallen into their own
hands, and improvements are already going forward.
In the village is a meetinghouse for Presbyterians in
connexion with the General Assembly ; also a large and
handsome school-house, supported by the Mercers'
Company.
SWINFORD, a market and post town, and the
head of a union, in the parish of Kilconduff, barony
of Gallen, county of Mayo, and province of Con-
naught, 15 miles (S. E. by S.) from Ballina, and 140
(\V. N. W.) from Dublin, on the road from Foxford to
Ballaghadireen ; containing 1016 inhabitants. This
improving town, which consists of one principal and
two smaller streets, comprises about 150 houses, nearly
all of which are slated. The market is on Tuesday, for
provisions ; and there is a good market-house, in
which petty-sessions are held every Wednesday. Fairs
take place on May 20th, July 2nd, Aug. 1 8th, Oct.
29th, and Dec. 18th; this is a chief constabulary and a
revenue police station, and in the town are the parish
church, the Roman Catholic chapel, and a dispensary.
The union workhouse, on a site of 6 acres held at a rent
of £18, was completed in 1842 at a cost of £7100,
and is for 700 inmates. — See Kilconduff.
SWORDS, a market and post town (formerly a par-
liamentary borough) and a parish, in the union of
Balrothery, partly in the barony of Coolock, but
chiefly in the baronyofNETHERCROSS, county of Dublin,
and province of Leinster, 7 miles (N.) from Dublin, on
the road to Drogheda by Balbriggan ; containing 363S
inhabitants, of whom 1788 are in the town. The place
appears to owe its origin to tlie foundation of a monas-
tery in 512, by St. Columbkill, who presented to it a
missal written by himself; appointed St. Finan Lob-
hair, or the Leper, its first abbot ; and blessed the well
here. The monastery continued long to increase In
character and wealth; and the town in consequence
3 Z2
S wo R
S WO R
rose to such a magnitude, that it had several additional
places of worship, among which were chapels dedicated
to St. Finan and St. Bridget, near the latter of which
was an ancient cross, called " Pardon Crosse." Swords
was repeatedly plundered and burnt by the Danes ; and
about the year 103.5 it suffered in a similar manner
from an attack by Conor O'Melaghlin, King of Meath,
who was killed in the engagement, to revenge which his
brother ravaged the whole district of Fingal with fire
and sword. Notwithstanding these repeated injuries, it
still retained the character of a place of much import-
ance : for when the bodies of Brian Boroimhe and his
son Murrough, who had fallen in the arms of victory at
the famous battle of Clontarf, were being conveyed to
their final place of interment at Armagh, they were
deposited for one night during the journey in the abbey
of this town. On the foundation of the collegiate esta-
blishment of St. Patrick's, Dublin, by Archbishop Co-
myn in 1190, Swords was constituted a prebend of that
church : it is noticed by Archbishop Alan, in his Reper-
torium I'iride, as "the Golden Prebend, similar to that
of Sarum in England ;" and in the same work is regis-
tered as giving name to one of the rural deaneries in
the northern part of the diocese. King John granted
to Comyn the privilege of holding a fair here for eight
days after the feast of St. Columbkill. The place was
incorporated by Queen Elizabeth in 1578. James I.,
in 1603, granted to the Archbishop of Dublin a con-
firmation of the privileges of the town, together with a
weekly market on Monday ; in this document the place
is called the " Archbishop's manor of Swords." A grant
of two additional fairs was made in 1699. On the
breaking out of the war in 1641, the Irish army of
the pale assembled for the first time at Swords ; and
on the 10th of the following January they were driven
from it with the loss of 200 men, by Sir Chas. Coote,
with scarcely any loss on his side except that of Sir
Lorenzo Carey, a son of Lord Falkland, who was slain
in the action.
The TOWN occupies a pleasing situation on the steep
banks of a small but rapid stream, which discharges
itself northwards into the inner extremity of the creek
or pill of Malahide : the creek, which comes within a
mile of the town, is navigable for boats at high water.
The place consists chiefly of one wide street a mile
in length, formed of houses which, with but few ex-
ceptions, are of mean appearance. Fairs are held on
March 17th and May 9th, for cattle and pedlery ; petty-
sessions on Wednesdays ; and the town is a constabu-
lary police station. Its charter, already noticed, which
bears date in the '20th year of the reign of Elizabeth,
incorporates the place by the name of the " Bailiff and
Burgesses within the Town of Swords." It was a potwal-
loping borough, and sent two representatives to the Irish
parliament ; but was disfranchised at the Union. By
an order of the privy council of Ireland, dated Jan. 10th,
1837, under the act of the 6th and 7th of Wm. IV., for
extending the jurisdiction and regulating the proceed-
ings of the Civil-Bill court, the county of Dublin was
divided into two districts. The northern, called the dis-
trict of Balbriggan, was to consist of the barony of Bal-
rolhery, so much of the parishes of Swords, Killossory,
and Malahide, as were in the barony of Coolock, and the
barony of Nethercross except the part of the parish of
Finglass which was within that barony; the act of
540
council directed that two general sessions of the peace
were to be held annually at Balbriggan, and two at
Swords, for this district. For the particulars of the
southern district, named the district of Kilraainham, see
KiLMAINHAM.
The parish comprises 96*4^ statute acres. The soil
is good, and the system of agriculture rapidly improv-
ing : there are several extensive corn-mills within the
parish, and it is embellished with numerous seats and
villas. Brackenstown is a spacious mansion, situated
in a demesne laid out with much taste, in which is a
cemetery erected by the present proprietor's father,
whose remains are interred there : this place was the
residence of the Chief Baron Bysse in the time of Crom-
well, who paid him a visit here during his military ex-
pedition to Ireland. Balheary House is a large square
structure with several apartments of ample dimensions;
in the saloon and dining-room are some fine pieces of
tapestry, formerly the property of the Earl of Ormonde.
The surrounding demesne, through which flow the small
rivers of Fieldstown and Knocksedan, is well laid out,
and commands a view of Howth and the Dublin moun-
tains, with the town and environs of Swords, which,
with its church, round tower, ruins of the monastery,
and other interesting objects, presents a varied and pic-
turesque scene in the foreground. Among other seats
are, Seafield, Little Lissenhall, Newport, Swords House,
Prospect Point, Cremona, and Mantua.
Swords is a prebend, rectory, and vicarage, in the
diocese of Dublin. In 1431 it was divided by Arch-
bishop Talbot into three unequal portions, one of which
was assigned to a prebendary of St. Patrick's, the second
to the perpetual vicar, and the remainder to the economy
fund of the same cathedral, which was thereby bound to
maintain six minor canons and six choristers, to fur-
nish lights, and to keep the building in a proper state
of repair. At present, the rectory in part constitutes
the corps of the prebend of Swords ; one of the other
portions is appropriated to the economy fund of St.
Patrick's, Dublin; and the other, with the vicarage, is
episcopally united to the rectory of Kinsealy, and the
curacies of Killeek and Killossory, in the patronage of
the Archbishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£■204. 16., of which £84. 10. are payable to the dean
and chapter, and the remainder to the vicar. There are
a glebe-house, and a glebe of 33a. Ir. 20p. The church,
completed in 1818 by aid of a loan of £2500 from the
Board of First Fruits, is a handsome building of hewn
stone, in the pointed style of architecture : the interior
is fitted up neatly, but without any display of ornamental
decoration ; and a gallery, in which is an organ, extends
across the west end. The cast window is of modern
painted glass. The belfry tower is that of the former
church, which was allowed to remain when the rest of
the edifice was taken down ; it stands a little detached
from the main building. Not far from the church, in
the same direction, is an ancient round tower, 73 feet
high, which is of a ruder construction than most of the
others now existing, but has been kept in good repair;
it also differs from all the others, by having on the ver-
tex of its conical roof a small cross. Near the summit
are four round-headed windows opening to the four
cardinal points, and at different heights are four other
small square windows j an opening about four feet
high, apparently intended for the doorway, is nearly 24
S YD D
T A C U
feet above the ground. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is the head of a district which comprises
the parishes of Swords, Malahidc, and Cloghran j and
contains two chapels, one in the town, a spacious and
neat edifice with a small tower and spire, the other at
Balheary.
The free school situated in the town owes its origin
to circumstances connected with the Union. On the
suppression of the elective franchise of the borough at
that period, the claimants for shares of the £15,000
allowed as compensation for the loss of that right were
very numerous : but all their claims were disallowed,
and the sum was vested in the Lord Chancellor and
several clergymen of high station, in trust to found a
school here for the daily education of the children of the
place in reading, writing, arithmetic, and such branches
of manufacture as would be most likely to be useful to
them during their future life ; the surplus to be applied
as apprentice fees for those pupils who have completed
their school course, also in premiums, and for the gene-
ral encouragement of manufactures and agriculture in
the district. Upwards of 400 children receive instruc-
tion in the school, and 6 of each se.\ are apprenticed
every May with a fee of £12 each: a dispensary is
supported from the fund, and also a coal-yard for sell-
ing fuel to the poor at low prices in times of scarcity.
The old Roman Catholic chapel has been converted
into a school, in connexion with the Board of National
Education. Another dispensary is supported by grand
jury presentments and private subscriptions in equal
portions.
The principal relics of antiquity still in existence are
the ancient round tower and the archbishop's palace :
the latter was a fortified structure in the centre of a
court surrounded by embattled walls flanked with
towers ; these walls compose the whole of the existing
remains, the inclosed area having been converted into a
garden. The only evidence of the former existence of
a nunnery founded here at an unknown period, is the
record of a pension granted by parliament, in 1474, to
the prioress and her successors. To the south of the
town, near the sea-shore, are the ruins of Seatown
Castle, once a chief scat of the Russell family : about a
mile from the town, in the same direction, is Drynam,
built by the Russells in 16'Z7. Lissenhall, an ancient
seat in the vicinity of Swords, belonged to the de Lacey
family in the reign of Edward 1. ; Sir Wm. Fitzwilliam
resided in it for some time, when he was lord deputy
of Ireland. Near Brackenstown House is a high rath,
which commauds a fine view of all the surrounding dis-
trict : near Seafield is an old burial-ground, called
Ballymadrouch.
SYDDAN, a parish, in the union of Ardee, barony
of Lower Slane, county of Me.\th, and province of
Leinster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Nobber, and on the
coach-road from Dublin to Londonderry ; containing
1357 inhabitants. This parish formed part of the pos-
sessions of the abbey of St. Thomas, Dublin ; the tithes
and advowson were granted in the '2nd of Elizabeth to
Thomas Manners. It comprises 5l63f statute acres,
nearly equally divided between pasture and tillage ; the
soil is of good quality, and agriculture improving; some
of the pasture land is particularly fine. liime and marl,
found in the low grounds at a small depth beneath the
surface, form the chief manure ; there is no bog. Coarse
541
linen cloth is woven for the Drogheda market ; and
there is a corn-mill. The gentlemen's seats are Keiran
House and Moortown. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Meath, united by act of council, in 1/34, to
the vicarage of Killeary and the rectory of Mitchelstowu,
and in the patronage of the Crown and the Bishop ; the
rectory is impropriate in J. P. Eyton, Esq., of Holy-
well, in Wales. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£252. 14., of which £190. 7. 10. are payable to the
impropriator, and £62. 6. 2. to the vicar ; the gross
value of the vicarial benefice, tithes and glebe inclusive,
before the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £291. 3.
The glebe-house is half a mile from the church, and was
built in 178a at a cost of £484, of which £100 was a
gift from the late Board of First Fruits, and the residue
was defrayed by the then incumbent. The glebe here
comprises 20 acres, valued at £30 per annum ; and
there are glebes in each of the other parishes of the
union. The church was built in 1753; it is a neat edi-
fice, and for its repairs the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
recently granted £180. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
this parish and those of Kdleary and Innismott : there
are three chapels in the union, two of them in Killeary,
and one in this parish at Newtown.
TACUMSHANE, or Tacumshin, a parish, in the
barony of Forth, union and county of Wexford, and
province of Leinster, 2i miles (S.W.) from Broadway;
containing 961 inhabitants. This parish, which com-
prises (with the chapelry of Churchtown) 3154 statute
acres, is situated between two small land-locked gulfs
with very narrow openings, called Lake Tacumshane
and the Lady's-Island Lake : the surface is flat, and has
only a few streams flowing through it, which are dry in
summer, when the cattle are driven to be watered in
marl pits, which are numerous in the district and are
never exhausted. The land is chiefly under tillage ; the
crops are wheat, barley, oats, and beans, which are cul-
tivated according to a judicious system. The principal
manure is marl, found here in large quantities, and of
three varieties, all adapted to the soil ; sea-weed, which
is eagerly sought after and collected by the families
residing near the shore, is also much used, both by
itself and mixed into a compost with sea-sand. The
lakes are frequented by various kinds of wild and water
fowl, which are highly esteemed as an article of luxury
from the delicacy of their flavour, which is attributed
to their feeding on a species of grass or weed in the
lakes. A peculiar kind of stork used to build its nest
on the surface of the water of one of those lakes, which
formerly was unconnected with the sea ; but a high
tide having broken the intervening embankment of
sand, the birds deserted it after the ingress of the salt-
water. The principal want is fuel : coal from Wexford
is generally used by the more wealthy farmers ; but the
poorer classes are obliged to have recourse to furze and
bean-stalks. There is a coast-guard station at Tacum-
T A G H
shane. The roads in the parish are in good order. It
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ferns, form-
ing part of the union of Kilscoran ; the tithe rent- charge
is £168. 14. A perpetual curacy for Tacumshane and
Ballymore has been instituted under the name of
Churchtovvn, which see. The church, near the lake, is
in ruins. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is part of the district of Lady's Island : the chapel is in
the village of Faithe. The castle or tower of Ballynia-
kane fell about 90 years since, but the dwelling-house
attached to it is still inhabited : the remains of the
castles of Syganstown and Rathshelan, the former be-
longing to the Jacob family, and the latter to J. H.
Talbot, Esq., are yet in existence.
TAGHADOE, or Taptoo, a parish, in the union of
Celbridge, barony of North Salt, county of Kil-
DARE, and province of Leinster, 1^ mile (S. byW.)
from Maynooth, on the road to Naas ; containing 4^23
inhabitants. This parish is situated between the Grand
and Royal Canals, and comprises 41'265 statute acres,
partly under tillage, but chiefly in pasture. Before the
Reformation it formed part of the possessions of the
monastery of All Hallows, Dublin ; the advowson was
granted, at the Suppression, to the corporation of Dub-
lin, from whom it was purchased in 1842 by the Duke
of Leinster. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Dublin, and the tithe rent-charge is
£165: there are 1'2 acres of glebe. The church is a
small neat building, with octagonal turrets rising from
square piers at the angles, and was erected in 1831 by
aid of a gift of £830 from the late Board of First
Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
part of the district of Maynooth : the chapel is in ruins.
Near the church is an ancient round tower, about 60
feet high ; its external diameter is much larger than is
usual in similar structures.
TAGHBOY, or Taughboy, a parish, in the union of
Athlone, partly in the barony of Killian, county of
Galway, but chiefly in that of Athlone, county of
Roscommon, and province of Connaught, 3 miles (E.)
from Ballinamore, and on the road from Roscommon to
Ahascragh ; containing 38'25 inhabitants. This parish,
situated on the river Suck, comprises 13,996^: statute
acres : the soil is in general light, and, chiefly by the
example and encouragement of the Hon. Gonville
Ffrench, agriculture has considerably improved ; there
is a very large tract of bog. Here is a station of the
constabulary police. The gentlemen's seats are Clare-
mount, Ballyforan House, Mucklon, and Turrock. The
parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, forming
part of the union of Tessaragh, or Mount-Talbot ; the
rectory is impropriate in the Incorporated Society, and
the tithe rent-charge is £7<2. 14., of which £'29'. 1. 6.
are payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is partly in the district of Tessaragh, and partly in that
of Dysart. Here is a mineral spring.
TAGHKEEN, or Tausheen, a parish, in the union
of Ballinrobe, barony of Clanmorris, county of
Mayo, and province of Connaught, "2 miles (N. N. E.)
from Hollymount, on the road to Claremorris, and on
the river Robe ; containing 3084 inhabitants. The pa-
rish comprises 683" statute acres, including large tracts
of bog : it is mostly under tillage, but agriculture has
but little improved ; the chief crops are oats and pota-
542
T AGH
toes. The principal seat is Hollybrook. The parish is
a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Tuam, forming
part of the union of Hollymount, or Kilcommon ; the
tithe rent-charge is £78. '2. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is part of the district of Cross-
boyne : the chapel, at Carramore, is a thatched build-
ing.
TAGHMACONNELL, a parish, in the union and
barony of Athlone, county of Roscommon, and pro-
vince of Connaught, 5 miles (N. E.) from Ballinasloe,
on the road to Roscommon ; containing 480" inhabit-
ants. This parish comprises 1S,8'2* statute acres. The
land is badly cultivated, yet agriculture is improving ;
there is a considerable portion of bog, and limestone
abounds. Castle-Sampson, a little village within the
parish, is 5 miles (VV.) from Athlone, and comprises 26
cabins, and 130 inhabitants; it has a patent for fairs,
which, however, are not held. The gentlemen's seats
are Fighill, Eskan, Keoghvill, and Camla House. The
parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Clonfert, partly
appropriate to the bishopric and deanery, and partly
included in the union of Creagh ; the tithe rent-charge
is £110. 15. 6., of which £2" are payable to the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners, £2. 15. 6. to the dean, and the
remainder to the incumbent : there is a glebe of 4 acres.
The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of
the Established Church, and contains a chapel. At
Clonohill are the remains of an old abbey, and there are
also the remains of the abbey of Taghmaconnell, and of
a nunnery at Ballinnina. Certain lands in the parish
pay a rent, called " monastery money," to the crown
for this nunnery. Here are the ruins of several castles
formerly belonging to the Keogh family ; also two
upright stones crossed by a third on the top, supposed
to have been land-marks between some ancient pro-
prietors of the land and the Keogh family.
TAGHMON, a parish, in the union of Mullingar,
barony of Corkaree, county of Westmeath, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 5f miles (N. N. E.) from Mullingar,
on the road to Castle-Pollard, and on Lough Dereve-
ragh ; containing 958 inhabitants. It comprises 3452|-
statute acres, chiefly under tillage ; about 60 are called
the Crooked Wood, and 60 are bog. Here are quarries
of black limestone. The living is a rectory, in the dio-
cese of Meath, united to the vicarage of Stonehall and
the rectory of Multifarnham, and in the patronage of
the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£115. 7- 6. ; and the gross value of the benefice, before
the passing of the Rent-charge act, was £396. 4. The
glebe-house was built in 1813, at an expense of £892
British, of which £400 were a gift and £300 a loan
from the late Board of First Fruits. The glebe here
comprises 40 acres of profitable land, valued at £60 per
annum ; there is also a glebe of 12 acres in Multifarn-
ham. The church is an ancient building in the Gothic
style, in decent repair. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the district of Turin, or
Rathconnell, and has a chapel at Monktown. On a
hill in the parish the insurgents, in 1798, had an en-
campment. There are several raths, most of which
have a double trench.
TAGHMON, an ancient incorporated post-town
(formerly a parliamentary borough) and a parish, partly
in the barony of Bargy, but chiefly in the barony of
Shelmalier West, union and county of Wexford,
T A G H
T A L L
and province of Leinster, 7 miles (\V.) from Wexford,
and TZ (S. byW.) from Dublin, on the old road from
New Ross by Fowke's Mill to Wexford ; containing
3737 inhabitants, of whom 1303 are in the town. This
place derived its name, originally 'J'lieagh Munno, or
" the House of Munno," from St. Munno, who in the
6th century founded here an Augustinian monastery, to
which is attributed the origin of the town. The mo-
nastery was plundered by (he Danes in 917, and was
subsequently granted by Dermod Mac Murrough, last
king of Leinster, to his abbey at Ferns, as appears by
his charter, which is still extant. The town consists
chiefly of two nearly parallel streets, intersected ob-
liquely by two others ; and contains 304 houses, some
of which are neatly built. Its chief trade arose from
its situation on a public thoroughfare, which has been
recently diverted into the new line of road from Wex-
ford to New Ross ; and it is now mainly dependent on
the number of its fairs, of which not less than '23 are
held in the year. A market for salt-butter is held every
Tuesday and Friday during the season, and the fairs
are well attended. Of the ancient corporation, scarcely
any thing is at present known ; it has for many years
ceased to exist, and even the remembrance of it seems
to have passed away. The last privilege it exercised
was the return of two members to the Irish parlia-
ment, which was continued till the Union, when the
borough was disfranchised. A chief constabulary police
force is stationed in the town, and petty-sessions are
held on alternate Wednesdays.
The parish comprises 10,1*241 statute acres, princi-
pally under tillage ; the soil is fertile, and the system of
agriculture improving ; there is very little waste land,
and the bog of Slevoy is now \inder cultivation : lime-
stone of good quality is found at Poulmarle, and is
quarried for agricultural uses and for building. The
principal seats are Harperstown, Slevoy Castle, Hilburn,
and Clover Valley. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Ferns, episcopally united, in 1/64, to the
rectory of Ballyconnick, and with it forming the corps
of the prebend of Taghmon in the cathedral of Ferns,
to which was also united, in 1785, the impropriate
curacy of Ballyniitty ; the union is in the patronage of
the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £335. The glebe
comprises only about three roods of land in the town :
there is no glebe-house. The church, for the erection
of which the late Board of First Fruits, in 1S18,
granted a loan of £1000, is a small but handsome edi-
fice in the later English style, with a square embattled
tower ; in the churchyard are the remains of an an-
cient granite cross of considerable dimensions and rude
workmanship. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
greater portion of the parishes of Coolstuff and Kilgar-
van, and some part of Horetown, Ambrosetown, and
Whitechurch of Glynn : the principal chapel is a spa:-
cious edifice, partly concealed by some fine beech-trees,
and adjoining it are a residence for the priest, and a
school ; there are chapels also at Trinity and Carro-
reigh. At Forrest, about half a mile from the town, is
a place of worship for the Society of Friends. A bene-
volent association, called the Female Spinning Asso-
ciation, for employing poor females of this and the
adjoining parishes of Coolstuff and Horetown, in the
dome.stic manufacture of flax and wool, was established
543
here under the management of a committee of ladies in
1826; it afforded much comfort to the poor, by sup-
plying them with articles of clothing of their own ma-
nufacture, and also with wages for their labour : the
association, however, has been lately dissolved. Here
is a dispensary for the parishes of Taghmon and Hore-
town. There are three ancient burial-places, in two ot
which are the ruins of churches ; and near the town is
a burial-place called the Grave, belonging to the family
of Batt, who have a large property here. In the town
is a massive square tower, all that remains of an ancient
castle once belonging to the heirs of Sir Gilbert Talbot,
Knt., Lord of Wexford, who held a hundred court
there ; it is now the property of W. Hore, Esq., of
Harperstown.
TAGOAT, a village, in the parish of Rosslabe, ba-
rony of Forth, county of Wexford, and province of
Leinster, 1^ niile (N.) from Broadway ; the population
is returned with the parish. It is situated at the south-
ern extremity of the parish, and at the junction o»
several roads, the principal of which is that leading to
the town of Wexford, 7^ miles distant. Tagoat is a
station of the constabulary police ; and contains the
chief Roman Catholic chapel of the district, which com-
prises the parishes of Rosslare, Kilrane, Kilscoran, St.
Helen (or Killilane), St. Michael, and Ballybrenuan. A
very large and handsome chapel has been lately built,
close to the former one. Within a quarter of a mile of
the village is the church of the union of Tacumshane.
also called the union of Kilscoran from the church being
situated in the latter parish. Adjoining the chapel are
schools for children of both sexes, under the superin-
tendence of the parish priest ; and near the village is a
neat school, erected and supported by the rector. In
the immediate vicinity is Hill Castle.
TALLAGHT, a post-town and a parish, in the
South Dublin union, barony of Uppercross, county
of Dublin, and province of Leinster, 05 miles (S. W.
by W.) from Dublin, on the road to Blessington ; con-
taining 4921 inhabitants, of whom 348 are in the town.
The name, which is also written Tavelagh, Tauelagh,
Tamlact, and Taimlacbt, signifies a "place of burial, '
and is derived from a large cemetery attached to the
church, which popular tradition states to be the place
in which the whole race of Partholan, who formed a
settlement in Ireland a. m. 1956, were interred after
their destruction by a plague. An abbey was founded
in the eighth century, of which St. Mtelruane was first
abbot ; but no record remains concerning it after the
year 1 1'25. A castle was built here by Alexander de
Bicknor, Archbishop of Dublin, as his residence, and
continued to be the seat of his successors until a late
period; in 13'24, he obtained a remission of money in
consideration of his expenses in its erection. In 1331,
O'Toole, the chieftain of Imail, at the head of a nu-
merous band, plundered the castle and demesne, slew
many of the archbishop's people, and defeated Sir Philip
Britt and a body of Dublin men who had been sent
against him. A very large mansion-house was subse-
quently erected, to which was attached an extensive
and well-stocked garden, laid out in the Dutch style,
and a demesne of upwards of 200 acres. Dr. Fowler,
who died in 1S03, was the last archbishop who resided
here. Lord John G. Beresford, who was translated to
the see of Dublin in 1619, obtained an act of parlia-
TALL
TALL
raent to sell the buildings and lands ; and his suc-
cessor. Dr. Magee, sold them to Major Palmer, who,
after having taken down the buildings, with the mate-
rials of which he erected Tallaght House, a handsome
residence, disposed of his interest to John Lentaigne,
Esq.
The PARISH contains 21,868j statute acres. The
northern portion of it is generally flat, with a range of
low hills, or escars, extending from Balrothery hill, on
the Dodder, to the Greenhills at its western extremity ;
the southern and eastern parts rise into the range of
Tallaght hills, which command a magnificent view of
the vale of Dublin and are backed by the lofty range of
Seechin, the summit of which is on the southern verge
of the parish. The Dodder has its sources near Castle-
kelly, in the valley of Glennasmuil, or the " Thrushes'
vale," in the south, and proceeding northward quits the
parish at Templeogue, near Rathfarnham : the Brittas
river, a tributary of the Liifey, also rises in the parish.
The hills consist of clay-slate, greenstone, and green-
stone-porphyry ; the last-named formation is most
abundant in the eastern part. There are several paper
and flour mills and a woollen-mill in the parish. In the
town is a dispensary ; it is a constabulary police station,
and petty-sessions are held on alternate Mondays. There
is a patent for fairs, but they are not held. Near New-
4ands is Belgarde Castle, originally the property of a
branch of the Talbots of Malahide, from whom it passed
by marriage to the Dillon family, and thence by pur-
chase to the ancestors of the present proprietors, the
Cruise family, who reside in it. The mansion is a large
building, in a demesne in which are a number of very
fine aged forest-trees ; and has at one of its angles a
square tower of antique appearance, that formed part of
the origmal structure, and which at some distance gives
the house the appearance of a church. The other more
remarkable seats are, Templeogue House ; Newlands, at
one time that of Viscount Kilvvarden, chief justice of
the king's bench ; Cypress Grove ; Friarstown ; Dela-
ford ; Sally Park ; Kilvere ; Willington ; Prospect ;
Allenton; Kiltalown ; Fir House; Orlagh ; Killymanagh;
Castlekelly ; and Oldbawn, an ancient mansion having
in one of its apartments the date 1635.
The LIVING is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin,
united to the rectory of Cruagh, and in the alternate
patronage of the Archbishop of Dublin, and W. Bryan,
Esq. ; the rectory of Tallaght till lately formed part of
the corps of the deanery of St. Patrick's. The chapel of
Killahan, in the townland of Oldbawn, and dilapidated
since 1.53'2, and that of St. Bridget, near the Dodder,
now in ruins, were appendant to the church of Tallaght.
The Dean of St. Patrick's originally had the right of
presentation to the vicarage, by a grant from Pope
Gregory IX. ; but the right lapsed by neglect. The
tithes of the parish, under the Corporation act, amounted
to £678. 18. 6., of which £369. 4. 7. were payable to
the dean, £'2^21. 10. 9. to the dean and chapter in their
corporate capacity, and £88. 3. '2. to the vicar; the
gross tithes of the vicarial union amounted to £270.
The glebe-house stands on a glebe of \'a. '20p. ; it was
built in 18'25 by aid of a gift of £'200 and a 'loan of
£600 from the Board of First Fruits. The church, de-
dicated to St. Miclruane, was built in 18'29 on the site
of the ancient structure, by a grant of nearly £3000
from the Board ; it is in the pointed style of architec-
.644
ture, with pinnacles at the angles and along the sides ;
the ancient belfry tower, which is of considerable height,
is still preserved as part of the edifice. The Ecclesias-
tical Commissioners lately granted £107 towards re-
pairs. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Rathfarnham, and has a
chapel at Bohernabreena. At Fir House is a convent
of discalced Carmelites, consisting of a superior and 13
professed and lay sisters, founded about 18 years since,
with a small chapel attached. At Mount Anne is a
small monastery of the order of Carmelites. In 1789,
Robert Murphy, Esq., bequeathed to the minister and
churchwardens £10 Irish currency for the poor, and
£10 Irish per annum towards founding a Sunday
school.
In the garden of Tallaght House are the remains of
the original castle, consisting of a large square tower
with a lofty gateway. On a rising ground that com-
mands a pass in the road leading from Crumlin and
Drymnagh Castle to Fir House is the castle of Timon,
or Timothan, which anciently was the chief place in the
lordship or manor of Tymothan, granted by King John
to Henry de Loundres, Archbishop of Dublin, in recom-
pense for his losses in repairing the castle of Dublin and
for other public services : in 1247 the manor was erected
into a prebend in St. Patrick's cathedral, which still
exists, but without any endowment. The building,
which was in a ruinous condition in the reign of Henry
VIII., now consists of a square tower or keep with a
few small windows in a very dilapidated state. At
Aughfarrell are the remains of an old castle, and at
Templeogue and beyond Friarstown are ruins of churches;
near the latter of which is a well, dedicated to St. Anne.
At the Greenhills are a rath and a fort, apparently
erected at an early period to curb the predatory in-
cursions of the Wicklow septs : on the grounds of
Fortville Lodge is a Danish rath, surrounded with a
fosse.
TALLANSTOWN, a parish, in the union and ba-
rony of Ardee, county of Louth, and province of
Leinster, 7 miles (S. W.) from Dundalk ; on the road
from Drogheda to Monaghan, and on the river Glyde ;
containing 933 inhabitants, of whom about 60 are in
the village, which has a receiving-house for letters. The
parish, according to the Ordnance survey, comprises
32105 statute acres : the soil is in general good, and
agriculture has greatly advanced, the resident gentry
and the farmers having exerted themselves to introduce
the improved system both in the cultivation of land and
in the rearing of cattle. The principal seats are, Lis-
renny, a handsome residence in an extensive and well-
planted demesne, the grounds and hedge-rows of which
are exceedingly well kept ; Arthurstown, also a hand-
some residence ; and Louth Hall, the seat of Lord
Louth, a spacious castellated mansion, in a demesne of
about 250 acres, well planted : on this estate are 700
acres of the best land in Ireland, under tillage. The
parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh, forming
part of the union of Charlestown or Philipstown ; the
rectory is impropriate in William Foster, Esq., and the
tithe rent-charge is £195. 2. 9., of which £161. 15. 3.
are payable to the impropriator, and £33. '. 6. to the
vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
the head of a district, comprising the parishes of Tal-
lanstown, Charlestown, Philipstown, Clonkeen, and
TALL
TALL
CUiiikcc'han, in which union are two chapels, one in
Tallaiistown, the other at Reastown in Phihpstown.
TALLERAGHT, Tklleraight, or Tullyrath, a
parish, in the union of New Ross, barony of Shel-
BURNE, county of Wexford, and province of Lein-
STER, 3 miles (S. E.) from New Ross, and on the road
from Enniscorthy by Ballinlaw-Ferry to Waterford ;
containing 381 inhabitants. It is estimated to comprise
1654 statute acres of land, chiefly under tillage; the
soil is fertile, and the system of agriculture is progres-
sively improving. There was formerly a considerable
village, which, with the church, has altogether disap-
peared, and the site has been turned up by the plough,
which is frequently obstructed by the foundations of
old buildings. There is a constabulary police station
within the limits of the parish. Talleraght is a rectory,
in the diocese of Ferns, forming part of the union of
St. Mary's, New Ross : the tithe rent-charge is £60.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Cushinstown : there is a chapel at
Talleraght. Some remains still e.xist of an ancient Nor-
man castle, consisting of a lofty square tower ; but
nothing is now known of its early history : it is the
property of H. Lambert, Esq., to whom this and the
adjoining parish of Carnagh entirely belong.
TALLOW, or Tallagh, a market and post town
(formerly a parliamentary borough) and a parish, in
the union of Lismore, barony of Coshmore and Cosh-
bride, county of Waterford, and province of Mun-
STER, 39 miles (W. S. W.) from Waterford, and 114 (S.
W. by S.) from Dublin, on the coach-road from Water-
ford, through Youghal, to Cork ; containing 486" inha-
bitants, of whom '2969 are in the town. This place,
together with the surrounding territory, was, in I.5S6,
granted by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Walter Raleigh, by
whom the estates were subsequently assigned to Sir
Richard Boyle, afterwards created Earl of Cork. In
the original grant it is designated a decayed town ; but
it was restored by the earl, who in the llth of James I.
obtained for the inhabitants a charter of incorporation
and various important privileges. Though not walled,
an intrenchment with four gates was thrown up around
it for its defence during the war in 1641, by the earl,
who maintained here a garrison of 100 infantry; and in
1643 the Earl of Inchiquin, with his army, met the
Lords Dungarvan and Broghill at this place, whence
they proceeded to the relief of Lismore Castle, at that
time besieged. In 1644 the castle of Ballyniacow, near
the town, was taken from Sir Philip Perceval by the
Irish, but was soon after restored by order of the su-
preme council at Kilkenny, in consequence of its seizure
having been a violation of the cessation of hostilities
previously concluded.
The town is situated about half a mile to the
south of the river Bride, and consists chiefly of two
streets ; it contained, in 1841, 436 houses, many of
them well built and of respectable appearance. The
wool-combing business was formerly carried on exten-
sively ; but at present the principal trade is in grain,
which is brought from Fermoy and the neighbouring
markets to be shipped here. The manufacture of coarse
lace affords employment to several hundred females : an
extensive ale and porter brewery was established in
1835, by Messrs. Anthony and Terry, which produces
annually 3000 barrels ; and attached to it is a large
Vol. II.— 545
malting concern. Tlierc are also very extensive flour-
mills, which were built in 18'i2, and produce annually
10,000 barrels of flour; they are set in motion by a
powerful stream which rises to the south of the town
and falls into the river Bride at Tallowbridge. The
Bride, which bounds the parish, is navigable to within
a quarter of a mile of the bridge at Tallowbridge ; and
at Janeville quay, about two miles distant, lighters of
from 30 to 40 tons' burthen unload their cargoes of
coal, culm, and timber ; the river Bride, from its junc-
tion with the Blackwater, affording a facility of water
carriage to Youghal. A new line of road has been
constructed to Youghal, opening an improved com-
munication between this place and the neighbouring
towns. The National Bank has a branch here. The
market is on Saturday ; and fairs are held on March
1st, Trinity-Monday, Oct. 10th, and Dec. 8th : the
market-house is a well-arranged building.
A charter of incorporation was grantedby James I.,
in the 1 1th of his reign, to the inhabitants, under the
designation of the " Sovereign, Free Burgesses, and
Commonalty of the Borough of Tallagh ;" and the
town, and the surrounding lands within a mile and a
half of the parish church, were constituted a free bo-
rough. By this charter the corporation was to consist
of a sovereign, not less than 13 nor more than "24 free
burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen,with a
recorder and other officers. The sovereign, who, with
the recorder, was a justice of the peace, wa.« chosen
annually by the lord of the manor from the free bur-
gesses nominated for that purpose by the sovereign and
a majority of that body, by whom vacancies in their
number were filled up from among the freemen, and
freemen were also admitted. The charter conferred
upon the corporation the privilege of returning two
members to the Irish parliament, which it continued
to exercise till the Union, when the borough was dis-
franchised. There was a court of record in which the
sovereign and recorder presided, with jurisdiction ex-
tending to £20 ; but, long before the disfranchisement
of the borough, the corporation had ceased to exercise
any municipal functions, and soon afterwards it became
extinct. The seneschal of the manor for some time
continued to hold a court, with jurisdiction to the ex-
tent of £15; but this has been also discontinued, and
the only pleas now cognizable in the manor court are
for debts not exceeding 40s. A chief constabulary
police force is stationed in the town.
The parish comprises 502" statute acres : about 400
are pasture, 100 mountainous but in cultivation, and
the remainder chiefly under tillage ; the soil is fertile,
and the system of agriculture improved ; there is
neither waste land nor bog. The surrounding district
produces abundance of grain of all kinds, and there are
some extensive dairies. Kilmore Hill is a handsome
seat on the new line of road to Youghal, about a mile
from the town. The living is a rectory, in the diocese
of Lismore, episcopally united in 1817 to the vicarage
of Kilwatermoy, and in the patronage of the Duke of
Devonshire. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£276. IS. 6. ; the glebe comprises about 5 acres, and
the tithe for the whole benefice is £343. 7- 8. The
church, for the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners recently granted £'259, is a spacious struc-
ture : in the aisle is a monument of marble, erected
4 A
T A M L
by the parishioners to the Rev. H. Brougham, their
rector, who died in 1S31. The Roman Catholic parish
is co-extensive with that of the Estabhshed Church :
the chapel is a handsome cruciform edifice, with a tower
of hewn stone ; the interior is neatly arranged ; the
high altar is of elegant design, and over a small altar of
marble is a monument to the Rev. Denis O'Donnell,
late P. P., with emblematic sculpture beautifully ex-
ecuted, representing Religion and Charity. A convent
of the order of the Presentation was erected in 1S36,
at an expense of £1500, on a site of two acres pre-
sented by the Duke of Devonshire ; the Rev D. O'Don-
nell had bequeathed £1000 towards the erection of the
buildings, and the Rev. E. Condon, under whose super-
intendence they were completed, supplied the remainder.
Almshouses have been erected under the will of John
Boyce, Esq., who endowed them for the reception of six
aged couples, to each of whom he assigned £10 per
annum : the buildings, which are very neat and well
adapted to the purpose, are situated at the southern
entrance of the town. Near the Roman Catholic chapel
are also almshouses for widows, erected, and endowed
with £30 per annum, by a bequest of the Rev. D.
O'Donnell. There are a dispensary and a fever hospital,
to which the Duke of Devonshire liberally contributes ;
and a house of recovery has been erected with funds
charged on the estate of the late Mr. Boyce, who be-
queathed £50 per annum to be apphed in promoting the
convalescence of the patients. To the west of Tallow-
bridge, but within the parish of Lismore, is the ancient
castle of Lisfinny, built by the Earl of Desmond, now
converted into a handsome residence ; and on the con-
fines of the parish, bordering on the county of Cork, are
some vestiges of the castle of Kilniacow, which also
belonged to that family.
TALLOWBRIDGE, a village, in the parish of Lis-
more and MocoLLOP, union of Lismore, barony of
CosHMORE and Coshbride, county of Waterford,
and province of Munster ; containing 46 houses, and
258 inhabitants. — See Tallow.
TAMLAGHT, a parish, partly in the union of
Magherafelt, barony of Loughinsholin, county of
Londonderry, but chiefly in that of Cookstown,
barony of Dunganno.x, county of Tyrone, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 3^ miles (S. byE.) from Moneymore;
on the roads from Toome to Moneymore and from
Cookstown to Magherafelt, and on the river Ballinderry ;
containing 3006 inhabitants. The river here forms the
southern boundary of the county of Londonderry ; and
on its south bank, close to its junction with Lough
Neagh, stands the village of Coagh, which is described
under its own head. The parish comprises 4954f statute
acres, '24471 acres being in the barony of Dungannon,
and 2507 in that of Loughiusholin, all fertile land, ex-
cept about 300 acres of waste and bog : about two-
thirds of the surface are arable, and the rest meadow
and pasture ; there is no mountain laud. The inhabit-
ants combine with agriculture the weaving of linen-
cloth, here carried on to a great extent. There are
several quarries of good limestone, much of which is
burned for manure. A little westward of the church
are seen strata of white limestone, which enter from
Seagoe and Maralin, in the county of Down ; pass
under Lough Neagh, nearly due east and west; and,
here emerging from their subterranean bed, continue to
546
T A M L
the neighbourhood of Moneymore, and so on to the
Magilligan strand. There were formerly two extensive
bleach-greens in full operation, neither of which is now
worked.
Tamlaght was created a parish in 1783, by Primate
Robinson, by separating 6 townlands from the parish
of Ballyclog in the barony of Dungannon, and 5| from
that of Ballinderry in the barony of Loughinshohn ; the
Primate also built the church, and purchased the glebe,
with which he endowed it, together with the tithes of
the II5 townlands. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Primate ;
the tithe rent-charge is £150. The glebe-house was
built in 1781, at an expense of £496, of which £92
were a gift from the late Board of First Fruits, the
residue being supplied by the then incumbent. The
church is a small plain edifice, in the Londonderry por-
tion of the parish. In Coagh is a meeting-house for
Presbyterians in connexion with the General Assembly ;
within the parish is a meeting-house for those till lately
in connexion with the Associate Synod ; and there are
places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyan Metho-
dists, the latter in the market-place of Coagh. On the
glebe stands a cromlech called Cloughtogel, composed
of a stupendous table-stone of granite, weighing 22
tons, raised 13 feet above the ground on six uprights of
basalt ; under it is a chamber or vault of considerable
extent. There were formerly several other cromlechs
connected with this, extending in a line due east and
west, the whole surrounded by a circle of upright stones ;
but, in the process of fencing and other alterations, all
have been removed except the first-named. In a field
called the " Honey Mug," not far distant, is a large
upright pillar of marble of a singular kind, beneath
which is an artificial cave.
TAMLAGHTARD, or Magilligan, a parish, in the
union of Newtown-Limavady, barony of Kenaught,
county of Londonderry, and province of Ulster, 4^
miles (N. E.) from Newtown-Limavady ; containing 3252
inhabitants. The former of these names, which signi-
fies " the cemetery on the height," is derived from the
situation of the ancient burial-ground, which is still
used ; and the latter from a family of that name who
were proprietors of a native freehold in it, until the
land was forfeited to the Crown, after the war of 1641.
In the year 584, St. Columbkill founded a monastery
here, -which afterwards acquired great wealth and cele-
brity, and became so pre-eminent among the monastic
foundations of this saint, that it obtained the title of
the " Throne or shrine of St. Columba;" kings, princes,
and prelates repaired hither to close their days in its
recesses, and the remains of many others were brought
hither for interment. The most remarkable of the
latter were those of St. Aidan, Bishop of Lindisfarne,
which were raised by Colman, one of his successors,
and buried here in a tomb of hewn stone that still
exists near the eastern window of the old parish church ;
near which is also a fine well, called Tubber-aspug-
Aidan, " the Well of Bishop Aidan." The monastery
was plundered in 1203, by Diarmit Hua Lochluin, at
the head of a party of foreigners, who were afterwards
met by the chiefs of the country, and routed in a battle
in which their leader was slain. On the dissolution of
monasteries, the buildings and lands of this establish-
ment were granted to the see of Derry.
T A M L
T A M L
The PARISH, which contains 13,137 statute acres, in-
cluding '28 under water, is situated at tlie northern
extremity of the county, having Lough Foylc on the
west aud the Northern Ocean on the north ; the river
Roe forms part of its southern boundary. The soil of
the upland portion consists of clay aud bog, and in the
lowlands is a mixture of sand and bog : three-fourths
of the surface consist of mountain and barren land.
The border to the sea is a fine strand, extending in its
entire length from west to east upwards of 10 miles in
an unbroken line, and backed in many parts by a range
of basaltic cliffs, or by the sandy tract forming the
great rabbit-warren of MagiUigan. In the south the
land rises into the lofty mountain of Benyevenagh,
whose summit, 1'260 feet above the level of the sea, and
on the southern boundary of the parish, commands a
most extended range of prospect, embracing the cele-
brated island of lona and others of the Western Isles
of Scotland : on the side towards Lough Foyle the
mountain rises with a bold and almost precipitous eleva-
tion. The vicinity of the ocean gives the air a mild and
genial temperature, which is increased by the shelter
afforded by this mountain against the eastern blast.
The measurement of the celebrated base hne for the
Ordnance survey of Ireland was commenced in this
parish, and carried on through its entire length.
The vegetable productions are of great variety. Innes,
in his Natural History of the place, published by the
Royal Society of London in 1725, states that the herb-
doctors, who then were in high repute in Ireland,
esteemed the breast of Benyevenagh mountain a kind of
physic-garden, which supplied them with medicines to
be found in no other place ; adding that " the abundance
and great variety of flowers rendered MagiUigan honey
so delicious, that the produce of the townland of Tir-
creevan commanded a higher price than any other
brought to the Dublin market." There are few trees
except in the demesnes, where they are protected from
cattle ; although the side of Benyevenagh affords excel-
lent sites for their cultivation, which have been taken
advantage of only in one tract that is finely planted.
Alders and osiers succeed well in the low lands ; and
the growth of trees in general, when properly protected
and attended to, is rapid.
The insect tribe is very prolific, and often extremely
troublesome : the grub-worm abounds in boggy lands,
to the great injury of the corn-crops; early sowing is
the only protection against the ravages of this insect.
Fleas often multiply in a wonderful manner on the low
lands ; no house in which sand is admitted can be kept
free from them. Earwigs, which are great enemies to
the few stocks of bees now reared here, are very nume-
rous and troublesome in summer : the minnow- worm,
used for bait in flounder-fishing, is to be had in abun-
dance on the strand. The fish most frequently taken
are, flounders and cockles in the shallows and sands ;
farther out, herrings and oysters ; and in the deep sea,
cod, haddock, and turbot. Salmon are sometimes taken
off the north shore and in the river Roe, where also
trout and mullet are caught : eels are scarce. Some
eagles breed in the heights of Benyevenagh ; kites and
hawks abound there. The barnacle frequents the
lough strand in countless numbers, forming an article of
considerable profit to the residents in the neighbour-
hood, who send them in quantities to Londonderr}' and
547
the inland towns. The widgeon, heron, curlew, and
seagull also frequent these shores ; pigeons are so
abundant as to cause much annoyance to the farmers.
The parish is remarkable for one of the largest rabbit-
warrens in Ireland. In 1"S6, it was worth £1.'jOO per
annum : the number of skins about that time sold
annually amounted to three or four thousand dozen ;
they were purchased by the hatters. The price lately
fell from 15s. to 3j. per dozen ; the present price is 10s.
a dozen for rabbits in their skins, that is, the skins in-
cluded, which sum is given to the farmers at their own
doors, by purchasers from England. The discovery of
cheaper materials for the manufacture occasioned the
depression ; and a diminution in quantity has been
caused, partly by the havoc committed on the rabbits
by rats of the Norway breed, which have increased here
to a most pernicious degree, not only as regards the
warren, but in the corn-fields and about the haggards ;
and partly by the increased culture of rye on the sandy
lands, which, by the judicious exertions of the late pro-
prietor, are gradually being converted from their unpro-
ductive state into arable land. The process adopted
to produce this beneficial effect is, the covering of the
surface with soil, mud, and shells, brought up in boats
from the banks of Lough Foyle, near the mouth of the
Roe. About 50 years since, foxes were so abundant that
the parish vestry gave a reward of Is. fur every skin
brought in ; they are now extirpated. The lart wolf
known to exist in Ulster was started about a hundred
years since upon Benyevenagh, and hunted into the
woods near Dungiven, where it was killed.
The population is chiefly engaged in agricultural pur-
suits. jNIost of the low lands produce abundant crops
of wheat, oats, and potatoes ; the first-named of these,
introduced by Mr. Gage in 1S30, now forming part of
the rotation of the more wealthy farmers : but the old
and less profitable systems of agriculture are still ad-
hered to by many with much pertinacity, and the burn-
ing of soil in the low lands has been in some parts car-
ried to such excess as to threaten the total extinction of
the productive qualities of the soil. The quantities of
white limestone raised in the mountain districts, have
tended much to aid the exertions of the landholders in
the improvement of their farms. The high lands afford
excellent pasturage for sheep and young cattle, and
many tracts heretofore unproductive have been brought
into a state of profitable cultivation. Little flax has
been at any time raised, the soil not being well adapted
to it, and still less latterly, in consequence of the low
prices of yarn : wool is manufactured into a substan-
tial and well-looking cloth worn by the farmers. A
kind of matting is manufactured from the bent grass,
or basque, planted on the sandy tracts to prevent the
drifting of the sands : a ready sale is found for it in
the inland parts of the country. The trade of the
parish is mostly confined to the disposal of this article
and to the sale of wild-fowl, rabbits, poultry, and eggs
in Londonderry. The Derry and Coleraine line of rail-
way, now in progress, will run through the end of the
parish ; the engineers are at present tunnelling for it to
a very considerable extent under Down Hill, the resi-
dence of Sir Hervey Bruce, Bart., in an adjoining pa-
rish. The principal seats are, Bellarena, a highly em-
bellished demesne on the banks of the Roe and the side
of Benyevenagh, contributing much to the beauty of the
4 A a
T A M L
T A M L
scenery of this secluded district ; Castlelecky, a roman-
tic seat i Ballycarton ; Doaghs ; and Magilligan Glebe,
in which resided the late Rev. John Graham, rector of
the parish.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and
in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge
is £318. 15.; and the glebe-house stands on a glebe of
■23 acres, valued together at £36. 15. per annum ; the
gross value of the benefice, tithe and glebe included, is
therefore £355. 10. per annum. The church, situated
near the ancient monastery of Duncrun, is a large and
handsome edifice in the early English style of architec-
ture, built in 1778; it has a steeple, furnished with a
bell : the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted
£2*29 towards repairs. The old church, being in a de-
cayed state and in an inconvenient situation, was relin-
quished as a Protestant place of worship, and was given
to the Roman Catholic congregation, with the consent
of the late Earl of Bristol, then Bishop of Derry ; but
being after some time found unsuited to its purpose, a
large and commodious chapel was built in the neigh-
bourhood, towards the erection of which Dr. Knox, the
late Bishop of Derry, and other Protestant gentlemen,
contributed. The churchyard, being the burial-place of
most of the old families of every religious persuasion,
has been inclosed with a wall and iron-gate by parish
assessment. In the Roman Catholic divisions the pa-
rish is the head of a district, comprising also parts of
Dunboe and Aghanloo. At Margymonaghan is a meet-
ing-house for Presbyterians. Hodgson Gage, Esq., be-
queathed £'200, and the Rev. John Leathes, rector of
the parish, in 1703, £100, to the poor; the interest is
paid annually by two of the seven proprietors of the
soil. The remains of an ancient encampment, and the
foundations of a castle, were lately discovered in a
strong position about half-way up the mountain ; it is
supposed to have been one of the fastnesses in which
the Irish secured themselves and their property during
the wars of Elizabeth and Charles I. and II. The foun-
dations of the abbey of Duncrun, and near them those
of the old church, are the only traces of their former
existence : the surrounding scenery is peculiarly grand
and romantic. The ruins of Screen Abbey, noticed by
Colgan in his Trias Thaumaturga, may still be traced
on the townland of Craig. The Rev. John Graham was
author of the Siege of Derry, Derriana, Annals of Ire-
land, and various other historical, statistical, and poeti-
cal publications. Dennis Hampson, the celebrated Irish
harper, resided in the parish.
TAMLAGIITFINLAGAN, a parish, in the union of
Newtown-Limavady, barony of Kenaught, county of
Londonderry, and province of Ulster, 'i\ miles (W.
by S.) from Newtown-Limavady, on the coach-road to
Londonderry; containing 7252 inhabitants. This pa-
rish, which comprises 17,-102 statute acres, whereof
8li ai-e under water and one-sixth consists of moun-
tain, derived its name from an abbey founded by St.
Columbkill, in 585, in the townland of Tamlaght, and
over which he placed Fion Lugain as its first abbot :
at what time it ceased to be a monastic institution is
now unknown, but it is classed as a parochial church in
Pope Nicholas's Taxation in 1291. The lands belong
to three proprietors, in the proportions of two-fifths to
the freehold estate of Newtown, as granted to Sir Thos.
Phillips ; two-fifths to the Fishmongers' Company ; and
548
one-fifth to the see of Derry : they are in three distinct
manors, but no courts are held in any of them. Lough
Foyle forms about one-half of the western boundary.
In the vale of Myroe, which exhibits some of the most
beautiful and romantic scenery in the north of Ireland,
and throughout all the northern districts of the parish,
is some of the very finest and most productive land,
bearing heavy crops of all kinds of grain. In the
southern portion the land rises into considerable ranges
of mountain and bog, by much the greater part of which
is capable of cultivation, and from which spring the
sources of the numerous streams and rivulets that irri-
gate and fertilise the lower grounds. In the same por-
tion, near the sources of the Rush and Ballykelly waters,
are large deposits of excellent blue limestone, and in
several places throughout the parish are indications of
calcareous sandstone ; but the prevailing rock is of
schistose formation.
The vicinity of the shores of Lough Foyle affords
great facilities for water-carriage, of which full advan-
tage has not yet been taken, though a large sum has
been expended, somewhat injudiciously, towards the
construction of a landing-place at the mouth of the
Ballykelly water. The inhabitants unite to their agri-
cultural employment, upon which they mainly depend,
the weaving of linen-cloth : at the Dog-leap are exten-
sive and very complete mills for bleaching linen, but
at present unemployed. There are several tanyards,
in which a considerable quantity of leather is manufac-
tured ; three flour-mills ; three corn-mills ; and a plat-
ing-mill or forge for the manufacture of spades, shovels,
and other agricultural implements. By much the
greater number of the farms in the northern or low-
land portion of the parish are well fenced, drained, and
cultivated : green crops, also, have latterly been attend-
ed to. The old oak woods at Walworth, Roe Park, and
the Dog-leap, and the modern plantations in various
parts, add much to the richness of aspect that charac-
terises the greater portion of the parish ; and the effect
is still farther heightened by the numerous seats with
which it is studded. The principal are Roc Park, Wal-
worth, Drummond, Walworth Lodge, Finlagan, Farloe,
Bessbrook, Rush Hall, Oatlands, Culraore, and Ard-
nargle.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and
in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£750. The glebe-house is situated half a mile east of
the church, upon a glebe of 188 Cunningham acres,
w hich is valued at £235 per annum. The church was
built in 1795, near the village of Ballykelly, at the joint
expense of the Earl of Bristol, then Bishop of Derry,
and John Beresford, Esq. : it is a small but handsome
edifice, in the early English style, with a large square
tower and lofty octagonal spire ; the windows are em-
bellished with the armorial bearings of the Irish Society,
the Fishmongers' Company, and the Beresford family,
in stained glass. The building contains a very neat
monument to the memory of the Rev. G. V. Sampson,
author of the Memoir and Map of Londonderry and of
the Statistical Survey of the same county ; another
belonging to the ancient family of the Hamiltons ; and
a third, of modern and elegant execution, to a junior
branch of the Beresford family. A grant of £124 for
repairs was lately made by the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
T A M L
T A \ D
forms part of the district of Ncwtown-Limavady : the
chapel is situated at Oghill, near Ballykelly ; in which
latter place is a large meeting-house for Presbyterians
in connexion with the General Assembly, i)uilt by the
Fishmongers' Company in 18'i7, iu the Grecian style.
At Largy and Myroe are also meeting-houses of Presby-
terians in connexion with the General Assembly. Hand-
some male and female schools, with residences for the
teachers, have been erected by the company, and are
conducted under its patronage on the most improved
system ; the parochial male and female schools, at
Tamlaght, were built by the rector in 1832, and are
supported by him ; two others in the parish were built
and are supported by the Fishmongers' company ; one
at Glasvey, is in connexion with the London Hibernian
Society; and there are schools elsewhere, and a large
dispensary at Ballykelly. The remains of Walworth
Castle, erected by the Fishmongers' Company in I6l9,
shew it to have been a large and spacious edifice, de-
fended by a bawn and flankers, three of which are still
in a tolerable state of preservation. Closely adjoining
are the remains of a church, built by the Hamilton
family in 16'29. The ruins of the old parish church,
which was destroyed in the war of 1641, occupy the
site of the abbey. There are numerous raths, of which
that called Daisy Hill, in Roe Park, and another near it,
called Rough Fort, are the most remarkable.
TAMLAGHTOCRILLY, a parish, in the unions of
Ballymoney and Magherafelt, partly in the barony
of CoLERAiNE, but chicfly in that of Loughinsholin,
county of Londonderry, and province of Ulster, 3
miles (N. W.) from Portglenone, and on the river Bannj
containing 10,460 inhabitants. The parish comprises
16,839 statute acres of land, the general quality of which
is light and cold, with a good deal of moss or bog, the
soil being chiefly composed of decomposed basalt. In
some places are escars of sand and rubble, and in others
the bare rocks of basalt rise above the land ; in some
districts large detached masses of basalt are scattered in
great confusion : so that not more than three-fourths of
the land can be said to be available for tillage. The
system of agriculture is rapidly improving ; good crops
of corn, flax, and potatoes are produced, and are likely
to be augmented by the increasing application of lime
as manure. There are considerable tracts of turbary in
various parts of the parish, in which large trunks of oak
and fir are imbedded. Five townlands of the parish
belong to the Mercers' Company, and are in the manor
of Kilrea ; seven belong to the see of Derry, and are in
the manor of Maghera, as are also the several glebes.
Three inconsiderable villages are situated on the western
side of the river Bann, namely, Tamlaght, Glenone, and
Innisrush : in a patent for a fair, that of Tamlaght is
called Churchtown. The gentlemen's seats are Innis-
rush, Gknburn, Termoneeny glebe-house, Hervey-hill,
and Glenone.
The living is a rectory and perpetual cure, in the
diocese of Derry, the former in the patronage of the
Bishop, and the latter in that of the rector : the tithe
rent-charge is £3'26, payable to the rector ; the glebe
comprises 564 acres, valued at £5'22. 2. per annum.
The income of the perpetual curate arises from £9'2. 6.
payable by the rector, and £4. ~. 6. the rent of two
houses; he has also a glebe-house, and a glebe of 1.5
acres valued at £18. 15. per annum. The peculiarity
549
of the glebes here is worthy of notice : Lisgorgan belongs
to the rector of Deserfmartin, 6 miles distant ; Bally-
macpcake belongs to the rectors of Maghera and Ter-
moneeny, and upon it stands the glebe-house of the latter;
Killymuck belongs to the rector of Kilrea ; and Money-
staghan to the rector of Ballyscullion : besides which there
arc the glebe of the rector of Tamlaght and the curate.
The church is in the village of Tamlaght, or Church-
town ; it was rebuilt in IS 15 by aid of a loan of £1000
from the late Board of First Fruits. The chapel of the
curacy, at Tyanee, is a small neat edifice in the early
English style, built at the private expense of the late
Earl of Bristol, Bishop of Derry, and to the repairs of
which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted
£150. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
part of the district of Desertoghill ; it contains two
chapels, a small one at Greenlough and a larger one at
Drumagarner, both plain buildings. At Tamlaght and
Boveedy are meeting-houses for Presbyterians in con-
nexion with the General Assembly ; and there is one
at Drumbolg for Covenanters. The Rev. Ralph Mans-
field, about 90 years since, bequeathed £100 to the poor
of the parish ; only £50 remain, the interest of which is
distributed twice a year. There are some remains of
ancient fortifications; at Tivaconway is a Druidical
circle ; and on a rising ground above the village is the
sepulchral cave, or Tamlachta, from which the parish
derives its name.
TANDERAGEE, or Tawnatelee, a market and
post town, in the parish of Ballymore, union of Ban-
bridge, barony of Lower Orior, county of Armagh,
and province of Ulster, 4^ miles (X. W.) from Lough-
brickland; containing 1562 inhabitants. This town
appears to owe its origin to the erection of a baronial
castle here by the O'Hanlons, proprietors of the sur-
rounding territory, on whose participation in the Earl
of Tyrone's rebellion, in the reign of Elizabeth, the
estates became forfeited to the crown. On the planta-
tion of Ulster the lands were granted by James I., in the
Sth year of his reign, to Sir Oliver St. John, who rebuilt
the castle and laid the foundation of the present town,
which he peopled with English inhabitants. Sir Oliver,
in 1622, also built the church, which afterwards became
the parish church of Ballymore ; and it appears to have
been the intention of the king to make the town a free
borough, and to incorporate the inhabitants ; but this
design was never carried into effect ; the only privileges
they received were a market, fairs, and courts leet and
baron. The town is beautifully situated in a richly
cultivated part of the country, on the confines of the
county of Down ; within a mile of the Newry canal,
which opens a communication between Newry and Bel-
fast ; and on the estate of the Duke of Manchester. It
consists of two principal and three smaller streets, and
contains 294 houses, most of which are handsome and
well built. Its general appearance is prepossessing ;
and as seen from a distance, ascending from a beautiful
vale, through which the river Cusher winds between lofty
banks richly wooded at one extremity, the demesne of
Tanderagee crowning the other, the town forms a strik-
ingly picturesque feature in the landscape.
The linen manufacture is carried on extensively in all
its various branches ; there are two large establishments
in the town, and one at Derryallen, in all which linens,
sheetings, damasks, diapers, drills, and other articles.
T A N D
TANK
are manufactured. There are also several flax-mills ;
aud in the different departments of the linen trade car-
ried on at Tanderagee and in the immediate neighbour-
hood, more than 6000 persons are employed. The
manufacture of damask was first introduced here in
1S05, by Mr. J. Davis, who is now the only manufac-
turer of that article in the county. On the river
Cusher, near the town, is a flour and meal mill, in
which more than 2000 tons of wheat and 1000 tons of
oats are annually ground. This river and the Newry
navigation join the Bann at about two miles' distance
from the town, affording facilities of conveyance and a
supply of coal from Newry. The market is on Wednes-
day, and is largely supplied with flax, the weekly sale of
which has amounted to £7000 ; besides linen, butter,
and pork, averaging nearly £3000 weekly : much pork
is bought in this market for Belfast. Fairs are held on
the first Wednesday in every month, and also by charter
on the 5th of July and November. A police force is
stationed in the town : courts leet are held twice in the
year, and courts baron, at which debts under 40*-. are
recoverable, every third Thursday ; petty-sessions for
the division are held once a fortnight.
Adjoining the town is Tanderagee Castle, the splendid
seat of the Duke of Manchester, erected on the site of
the ancient castle of O'Hanlon, which, after it was re-
built by Sir Oliver St. John, was surprised and com-
pletely destroyed by the O'Hanlons in the war of 1641 :
the present structure is spacious, and is situated in an
ample demesne, richly embellished, and diversified with
bold eminences clothed with stately timber. In the im-
mediate neighbourhood is also the elegant residence of
the rector. The church, built by Sir Oliver, was nearly
demolished during the war of 1641, and rebuilt in 1684;
having fallen into decay, it was taken down in 1812, and
the present handsome structure built upon its site. In
removing the materials of the old church, the skull of
its founder, who was shot by an assassin on his return
to the castle, was discovered, perforated by a bullet. A
very extensive and important charitable establishment
has been founded on the moral agency system by the
Duke and Duchess of Manchester, upon the estate of
Tanderagee ; the benefits of which are open to the whole
of their numerous tenantry, in the improvement of whose
moral, intellectual, and social condition, it has, though
comparatively in its infancy, produced the most bene-
ficial effects. The establishment includes a loan fund, a
clothing fund, three dispensaries, an orphan asylum, a
circulating library, and 2.5 pubUc schools, to each of which
is attached a lending library. The loan and clothing
funds are conducted by the " moral agent " resident at
the castle ; the dispensaries are at Tanderagee, Porta-
down, and Tullahappy, and are open one day in every
week, under the care of a physician, who devotes the
whole of his time to dispensing medicines and to visit-
ing poor tenants at their own dweUings. The orphan
asylum, at Tanderagee, is open to the female orphans of
the Protestant tenantry, who are boarded, clothed, and
educated for service in respectable families. The schools,
for which spacious and handsome buildings with houses
for the master and mistress, have been erected, are
scattered over the whole estate ; those in this parish are
at Tanderagee, Corvernagh, Cargans, and Ballymore.
There are schools at Portadown and Mullantine, in the
parish of Drumcree ; and also in the parishes of Sea-
550
goe, Kilmore, and Killevy. An annual festival takes
place at the castle, where all the children assemble and
are hospitably entertained ; on a recent occasion more
than 2000 children attended. To the south-east of the
town is the pass of Searva from the county of Down
into that of Armagh, formerly defended by the strong
and ancient castle of Glan Flusk, of which there are
portions remaining.
TANEY, or Tawney, a parish, partly in the barony
of Dublin, but chiefly in that of Rathdown, county of
Dublin, and province of Leinster, 3| miles (S.) from
Dublin, on the road to Enniskerry ; containing 3848
inhabitants. It is beautifully situated on a sheltered
declivity near the base of the Dublin and Wicklow
mountains, and comprises 4563^ statute acres. The
land, which is of good quality, is principally in demesne ;
the surrounding scenery is richly diversified, and the
parish thickly studded with handsome seats and pleas-
ing villas, most of them commanding interesting views
of the city and bay of Dublin, and the adjacent country.
Among the principal are, Merville, the residence of the
late Judge Downes, who greatly improved the demesne ;
Mount Anville, the seat of the Hon. Charles Burton,
second justice of the court of queen's bench, situated
on elevated ground commanding fine mountain and
sea views, and remarkable for its richly cultivated
gardens and extensive conservatories ; Taney Hill ;
Moreen ; Drummartin Castle ; Ludford Park ; Priest-
house ; Greenmount ; Eden Park ; Milltown ; Church-
town ; and Wickham. At Windy Harbour was till
lately a silk- throwing factory, employing about 80
persons ; and in the village of Dundrum is an iron-
foundry.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Dublin,
forming part of the corps of the archdeaconry of Dublin :
the tithe rent-charge is about £350. The church, to-
wards the erection of which the late Board of First
Fruits granted a loan of £4300, in 1818, is a spacious
and handsome cruciform structure, in the later English
style, with a square embattled tower ; the interior was
thoroughly renovated in 1835. The old church is still
remaining ; one portion of it is used for reading the
funeral service, and another is appropriated to the
parochial school. In the cemetery are some interesting
monumental inscriptions, among which is one to Wil-
liam Hallida}', Jun., who died in 1812, aged 24 ; he was
distinguished for his proficiency in Irish literature and
his critical knowledge of the language. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the unions of
Booterstown, Sandyford, St. Mary Donnybrook, and St.
Mary and St. Peter's Rathmines ; there is a chapel at
Dundrum, and the parish also contains a place of wor-
ship for Wesleyan Methodists. — See Dundrum.
TANKARDSTOWN, a parish, in the barony of
Rathvilly, union and county of Carlow, and province
of Leinster, if mile (N. W. by N.) from TuUow ; con-
taining about 1100 inhabitants. It is situated on the
rivers Derreen and Slaney, the former of which separates
it from the county of Wicklow and bounds it on the
east, while the latter bounds it on the west. About
seven-tenths of its surface consist of meadow and pas-
ture ; the remainder is arable, with a small portion of
wood. Within its limits are the small hamlet called
from its situation Tankardstown Cross-roads, and
Copnagh House. In ecclesiastical concerns it is not
T A R A
known as a parish, but constitutes part of the rectory
of TuUow, in the diocese of Leighlin ; in the Roman
Cathohc divisions, also, it is part of the district of Tullow.
At Copnagh are the ruins of an old castle.
TANKARDSTOWN, or Ballytankard, a parish,
in the union of Kilmallock, barony of Coshma, county
of Limerick, and province of Miinster, 2 miles (S. W.)
from Kilmallock, on the road to Bruree ; containing
660 inhabitants. It comprises 1*10 statute acres : the
land, which is remarkably good, rests on a substratum
of limestone ; there are some large dairy-farms, but the
land is in general much subdivided. Turbary being
scarce in this district, cow-dung, dried and stacked like
turf, is generally used as fuel by the peasantry. Within
the limits of the parish is Knocksowney, which rises to
a considerable height, and forms a conspicuous object
in the vicinity : the land around it is very fertile. The
living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Li-
merick, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £93. 15. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish forms part of the district of Kilmallock.
The church has long been in ruins : within the walls
near the west end is a flourishing ash-tree, and where
the altar stood are a fine yew and chesnut tree.
TANKARDSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Athy,
partly in the barony of Ballyadams, Queen's county,
and partly in the barony of Narragh and Rheban
East, but chiefly in that of Kilkea andMooNE, county
of Kildare, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (S.)
from Athy, on the road to Carlow ; containing 1914in-
habitants. It is situated on the river Barrow, and com-
prises 7909 statute acres : within its limits are some
quarries of limestone. The state of agriculture is pro-
gressively improving, and the Barrow navigation affords
great facility for the conveyance of produce to Water-
ford. The seats are, Kilmoroney, an improved and
handsome residence ; Farm Hill ; and Leinster Lodge.
The parish is in the diocese of Dublin, and is a rectory
and vicarage, forming part of the ecclesiastical union of
Athy ; the tithe rent-charge is £244. 9. 6. In the
Roman Catholic divisions, also, Tankardstown is part of
the union of Athy. On the margin of the Barrow is a
Danish rath.
TARAGH, Tarah, or Tara, a parish, in the union
ofNAVAN, barony of Skreen, county of Meath, and
province of Leinster, 3^ miles (X. by W.) from Dun-
shaughlin ; containing 5S6 inhabitants, of whom 126
are in the village. Taragh Hill, which was also named
Teagh-mor, signifying " the Great House," and fre-
quently called Temora, derived that appellation from its
having been, to the end of the sixth century, the place
where the convocation of the states-general of Ireland
was held every three years, for the decision of civil and
ecclesiastical matters, and also for the election and in-
vestiture with supreme authority of one chief, sovereign
of all Ireland. This triennial convocation of the pro-
vincial kings, priests, and bards, is said to have been
originally instituted by the great Ollamh Fodhla, one of
the ancient monarchs, celebrated as a great legislator,
in the traditional records of the kingdom. Tuathal, a
Milesian prince, is conjectured to have convoked an
assembly here after his victory over the Firbolgs, when
he was recognised by the states as supreme monarch.
During the ceremony of inauguration, the monarchs
were placed upon the Liafail, or " stone of destiny,"
551
TARA
which was afterwards removeil to Scotland and used for
a similar purpose, until it was taken by Edward I. as a
trophy of his victory over that people, and plated in
Westminster abbey, where it is still preserved. The hill
of Taragh was also selected by St. Patrick as a con-
venient spot from which to promulgate the doctrines of
Christianity, which rapidly extended to every part of
Ireland. In 980, the Danes sustained a signal defeat
here, which contributed materially to their final expul-
sion from the country a few years afterwards, from
which period they could only infest it by predatory in-
cursions. Roderic, the last native monarch of all Ire-
land, assembled his forces at Taragh while preparing to
besiege the English in Dublin ; but after the English
settlement it was no longer a place of note, except for
the assembling of the military within the English pale.
In 1539 O'Nial, at the head of the northern Irish, after
ravaging the surrounding country, reviewed his forces
here with great parade ; and during the disturbances of
179s, a numerous body of insurgents was defeated on
the hill, by a party of about 400 fencibles and yeomanry.
It seems very doubtful, notsvithstanding the name,
whether any building of stone ever existed ; the only
traces of fortification are earthworks of considerable
extent and of various forms, chiefly circular intrench-
ments, within which habitations of light materials ap-
pear to have been formed.
The parish is bounded on the west by the small river
Skreen, and comprises 3364 statute acres, of which two-
thirds are under tillage ; the soil is fertile, the state of
agriculture is improving, and there are quarries of lime
and black stone used both for building and agricultural
purposes. Taragh Hall is a neat mansion ; Riverstown
Castle, now in ruins, was a residence of the Dillon fa-
mily. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath,
united by act of council, in 16S0, to the vicarage of
Killeen and the rectory of Dunsany, and in the patron-
age of the Crown. The tithe rent-charge of the parish
is £150 : here is a glebe of 9 acres valued at £22. 10.
per annum, and in the parish of Killeen is one of 5"
acres valued at £171 per annum: the gross annual
value of the benefice, including the glebes, is £418. 10.
The glebe-house, in Killeen, was built in 1813 at an ex-
pense of £1712 British, of which £100 Irish were a gift
and £750 a loan from the late Board of First Fruits ;
the residue was defrayed by the incumbent. The church,
conspicuously situated on the hill of Taragh, nearly in
the centre of the parish, is in excellent repair : it was
erected in 1823 at a cost of £700 Irish, of which £500
were a loan from the late Board, and the residue was
raised by parochial assessment. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the union of Skreen.
Taragh formerly gave the title of Baron to John Pres-
ton, of Bellinter, on whose death it became extinct.
TARA HILL, partly in the parish of Kilkevan,
barony of Gorey, and partly in that of Kiltennel,
barony of Ballaghkeen, union of Gorey, county of
Wexford, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (.v. E.)
from Gorey; containing about 470 inhabitants. It is
situated near the eastern coast, and, though not of great
extent or elevation, forms a conspicuous and useful
landmark for mariners, with reference to the Kilgorman
sands and the new harbour of Courtown. The former
are a long and narrow bank, extending from Kilraichael
Point in a southern direction for about four miles ; the
TARE
T A R M
southern extremity being nearly opposite the entrance
to Courtown harbour. About midway between the
sand bank and the shore at the foot of Tara Hill, is a
smaller bank, called the Saleen patch ; and a little to
the north of this is an oyster-bed. Building-stone of
excellent quality is obtained on the hill ; and its sum-
mit commands extensive marine and inland views.
TARBERT, an island, in the parish of Omey, union
of Clifden, barony of Ballynahinch, county of Gal-
way, and province of Connaught, 3 miles (N. W.)
from Clifden : the population is returned with the
parish. It is situated on the western coast, about half
a mile from the shore, and comprises 90 statute acres of
arable land. Between this island and that of Rualie is
a channel to Clifden for small vessels ; and between
Tarbert and Kingstown is a bar, passable only by small
vessels at high water.
TARBERT, an inland port and a post-town, in the
parish of Kilxaughten, union of Listowel, barony of
Iraghticoxnor, county of Kerry, and province of
MuNSTER, '26 miles (N. E.) from Tralee, and 1'26 (S. W.)
from Dublin ; containing 10'24 inhabitants. The seigni-
ory of Tarbert, including the island of that name, was
granted by James I. to Patrick Crosbie, Esq., on con-
dition of his keeping on these lands several Irish fa-
milies brought hither from the King's county, which
condition was fulfilled by him and the subsequent pro-
prietors. At the Revolution the seigniory was granted
to the family of Leslie. The town is advantageously
situated on the southern bank of the Lower Shannon,
about 33 miles below Limerick, and at the head of the
bay to which it gives name ; and though irregularly
built, it has, on the whole, a neat appearance. In 1841
it comprised 185 houses. It has been much improved
and enlarged of late years by the erection of some neat
dwelling-houses and extensive corn-stores, a spacious
Roman Catholic chapel, and a national school. Being
the landing-place for passengers from Dublin and Li-
merick to Tralee and the lakes of Killarney, and being
situated on one of the high roads from Limerick to the
latter places, it has a good hotel and other accommoda-
tions for travellers. There is a considerable and in-
creasing export trade in corn, butter, pigs, and other
agricultural produce raised in the surrounding district,
and chiefly sent to Limerick, with which city and the
town of Kilrush the port has a communication, in sum-
mer daily, and iu winter on alternate days, by the vessels
of the Inland Steam-Navigation Company : the voyage
to the former place is generally performed in four hours.
About ,50,000 barrels of grain, and 'JS.OOO pigs, are an-
nually exported, and the export of butter during the
season averages ^00 firkins per month. A variety of
articles are imported from Limerick, and the import
trade is likely to be much increased in consequence of
the recent erection, by Mr. James Patterson, of Kilrush,
of an extensive store for general merchandise. Fairs
are held on Feb. -iOth, Easter-Monday, June o^nd, July
'20th. Aug. 12th, and Dec. 11th.
The bay of Tarbert extends between the town and
island, and, being capable of affording a safe and com-
modious roadstead for about 150 vessels of the largest
class, may be considered an asylum harbour. It is
formed by a deep bight terminated by a small river
flowing into it near the town, and is sheltered on the
north-west side by the island, which is however insu-
552
lated only at extraordinary high water of spring tides,
being connected with the main land by a narrow cause-
way for foot passengers, which is proposed to be super-
seded by a bridge. An excellent road from the town to
the island has been constructed along the shore of the
bay by the Steam-Navigation Company, for the con-
venience of passengers, there being at present no nearer
point of embarkation than the inner side of the island.
A pier has also been completed on the south-east side
of the island, at a point recommended by Captain Mudge
in his report to the Board of Public Works, the trade
of the port having been much checked for want of such
an accommodation. On the island, which is about a
mile from the town, are a battery and bomb-proof bar-
rack mounting seven 24-pounders and two howitzers,
erected, with several others, during the late continental
war, for the protection of the trade of Limerick. Here
is also a revenue station, under the Board of Customs,
the establishment of which consists of a surveyor and
six boatmen. A lighthouse (completed in 1835) has
been constructed on the extreme northern point of the
island, enabling vessels to run for this anchorage at
night, when driven from Carrigaholt and Scattery.
In the town is a station of the constabulary police,
and petty-sessions for the district are held on alternate
Tuesdays : a small but neat and substantial bridewell,
consisting of six cells, two day-rooms, and two yards,
was erected in 1831. The parochial church, a modern
edifice, is situated about a quarter of a mile east of the
town. The Roman Catholic chapel is a handsome cru-
ciform structure, erected at an expense of il^OO : there
is also a meeting-house for Wesleyan Methodists. Near
the town is a school on Erasmus Smith's foundation ; a
national school has been established near the chapel ;
and a school is held in the meeting-house. There is a
dispensary for the poor. The shores of the bay and
river are prettily wooded, and, both above and below
the town, are embellished with several handsome seats,
most of which command fine views of the Shannon and
of the opposite coast of the county of Clare. Of these
the principal are, Tarbert House, Ahanna, Leslie Lodge,
Shannon Lawn, Clare View, Ballydonohue, Pyrmount,
Sallow Glen, and Carrunakilly. In a field near the
town is a chalybeate spa, not used for medicinal pur-
poses.
TARMONBARRY, a parish, in the union of Long-
ford, barony of North Ballintobber, county of
Roscommon, and province of Connaught, on the road
from Strokestown to Longford ; containing, with part
of the market and post town of Ruskey (which see), 42*9
inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the
Shannon, comprises 9295 statute acres, about half being
inferior arable and pasture land, and the other half con-
sisting of unreclaimed bog. The two branches into
which the Shannon is here divided are crossed by two
bridges connected by a raised causeway across the inter-
vening island ; that on the Roscommon side has seven
arches, and that on the Leinster side four, the whole
forming a straight passage, 126 yards in length, and of
imposing appearance. A flat tract above the bridge is
composed chiefly of the island of Cloondragh, formed
by the Shannon, and by two branches of the river Cam-
lin. At this island terminates the Royal Canal, in the
navigable channel of the Camlin, which unites a little
below with the Shannon. Here the Canal Company
TART
have extensive docks, basins, and warcliouscs, called
Richmond Harbour in honour of the Duke of Rich-
mond, who, when lord-lieutenant of Ireland, was pre-
sent at the opening of the navigation. Tarmonbarry,
however, is the name generally given to the place,
although this designation applies strictly only to the
little village on the Roscommon side of the bridge, and
to the surrounding parish. Houses have increased on
the Leinster side, where are some considerable mills on
the Camlin river, and a distillery. There are rapids
in the Shannon at the bridge, which are avoided by
coasting round Cloondragh Island, at the lower end of
which a short canal communicates with the Shannon.
The communication by water between Richmond Har-
bour and Dublin is frequent and regular ; four merchant-
boats starting each week on fixed days. The living is
a rectory, in the diocese of Elphin,and in the patronage
of the Bishop, being the corps of the prebend of Elphin ;
the tithe rent-charge is £171. The glebe-house was
built in 1817, by aid of £400 and a loan of £344 from
the late Board of First Fruits; the glebe comprises 16
acres, valued at £16 per annum, subject to a rent of
£'3.2. to the bishop. The church is a small neat build-
ing, in the town of Ruskey, erected by aid of £800 from
the Board, in 1813. The Roman Catholic parish, some-
times called Ruskey, is co-e,\tensive with that of the
Established Church, and contains two chapels, one in
Ruskey, the other at Newtown. A patron is held an-
nually. There are remains of a church in Killybeg,
and other ecclesiastical ruins in the churchyard.
TARTARAGHAN, or The Low Parish, a parish,
in the unions of Lvrgan and Armagh, barony of
Oneillaxd West, county of Armagh, and province
of Ulster, 3 miles (N. E.) from Loughgall, and on the
road from Lurgan, by Verner's-Bridge, to Dungannon ;
containing 7313 inhabitants. This parish is bounded
for a short distance on the north-east by the river Bann,
and on the north-west by the river Blackwater ; it for-
merly was part of the parishes of Drumcree and Lough-
gall, from which it was separated by act of parliament
in the 8th of Queen Anne, and erected into a distinct
parish, comprising 11,61'2 statute acres, of which ^l^'^J
are in Lough Xeagh and in small lakes. The lands are
chiefly under tillage ; the soil is stiff and heavy, but
fertile ; and the system of agriculture is progressively
improving. In the lower extremity of the parish, bor-
dering on Lough Neagh, is a large tract of valuable bog;
and a quarry of whinstone is worked, chiefly for build-
ing. The principal seats are Crow Hill and Clantilew.
About one-sixth of the population are employed in the
linen manufacture. The parish contains a police sta-
tion, and petty-sessions are held in the barrack once
a month ; a manorial court is held at Clantilew, every
third Thursday, for the recovery of debts to the amount
of 40s.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh,
and in the successive patronage of the Lord Primate,
the Earl of Charlemont (two turns), and Lord Lurgan ;
the tithe rent-charge is £-207. 6. 5. The glebe-house was
erected in 1775, at an expense of £5'23, of which £100
were a gift from the late Board of First Fruits, and the
remainder was defrayed by the then incumbent ; the
glebe comprises 40 statute acres, valued at £50 per
annum. The old church was pulled down, and the
present church erected in 1816 at a cost of £1300, of
Vol. II.— 553
T A S H
which the Board of First Fruit§ granted £800 ; it is a
neat structure, with a square tower, and capable of
accommodating 400 persons. A church was built at
Milltown in 1839, to which has been assigned a district
formed by the separation of twelve townlands from this
parish : see Milltown. The Roman Catholic parish
is co-extensive with that of the Established Church ;
and has chapels at Maghery and Eglish. There is a
place of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with
the General Assembly ; also one for Wesleyan Metho-
dists.
Adjoining the village of Maghery, and close on the
shore of Lough Neagh, are the ruins of an old church ;
and in the townland of Eglish is an ancient cemetery,
still used. In the townland of Derrycorr is a curious
road, made of large oak-trees placed longitudinally with
planks of cleft oak laid over them transversely, and
covered with sand and gravel about a foot deep, form-
ing a road across the bog at a considerable depth below
the surface, and in an excellent state of preservation,
though, from the accumulation of superincumbent bog,
the timber must have remained there for many cen-
turies. The sand and gravel were evidently brought
from Lough Neagh, portions of petrified wood and chal-
cedony being intermixed with them ; and the road, which
was recently discovered while cutting turf, is traceable
for nearly two miles to the Lough, and is supposed by
the peasantry to have been constructed by St. Patrick,
for the purpose of conveying sand for the building of
Armagh cathedral. In the year 1815 a golden gorget,
weighing 12 oz., and richly chased, was found in one of
the bogs, and was purchased by the Rev. F. Gervais,
rector of the parish.
TASCOFFIN, a parish, in the barony of Gowran,
union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Leisi-
ster, 21 miles (N. by W.) from Gowran; containing
1314 inhabitants. In 1362, James, the second earl of
Ormonde, here defeated and slew 600 of the clan or sept
of the Mac Murroughs. The parish comprises 4708^
statute acres ; culm has been found within its limits,
and was formerly worked. It is a rectory, in the diocese
of Ossory, constituting the corps of the prebend of Tas-
coffin in the cathedral of St. Canice, Kilkenny, and in
the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£138. 15. ; ^hcre is neither glebe-house nor glebe. The
church was built in 1796, when the Board of First
Fruits gave £500 towards its erection ; and the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners lately granted £308 for its
repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish
forms part of the district of Gowran, and contains a
chapel.
TASHINNY, or Taghshinny, a parish, in the union
of Longford, partly in the barony of Rathcline, but
chiefly in that of Abbeyshrvle, county of Longford,
and province of Leinster, 1^ mile (S.) from Colehill.
and on the road from Ballymahon to Mullingar ; con-
taining 2333 inhabitants. It is situated on the river
Innv. and comprises 4880^ statute acres. The land is
of good quality, and chiefly in tillage : there are quarries
of black stone, and some bog, within the limits of the
parish, through which the Royal Canal passes. .\t
Tennelick, on the Inny, are large mills for grinding oat-
meal, generally employing more than 40 persons. Fairs
are held at Tashinny on March 27th and July 9th ;
fairs are also held at the village of Barry, ichich see.
4 B
T AUG
The seats are, Doory Hall, situated in a fine and well-
planted demesne ; Colehill House ; and Hermitage.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Ardagh, united by episcopal authority to the rectory
and vicarage of Abbeyshrule, and in the patronage of
the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish amounts
to £157. 10. ; and there is a glebe of 29 acres, valued at
£52 per annum : the gross annual value of the benefice,
exclusive of the glebe, amounts to £234. 12. The glebe-
house was built in 1825, at an expense of £923 British,
of which £230 were a gift and £507 a loan from the late
Board of First Fruits ; a large addition to the building
has been made by the Rev. N. Gosselin, the present
rector. The church is a small building without tower
or steeple, erected about a century ago ; it has lately
undergone considerable repairs, towards which the
Countess Dowager of Rosse contributed £150, Mr. Jes-
sop £50, Mrs. Jessop £50, and the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners £50 : there is a handsome marble monument
to the memory of Judge Gore. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Car-
rickedmond, or Teighshinod. Tennelick, once the resi-
dence of Lord Annaly, has long been in ruins.
TASSAGGARD.— See Saggard.
TAUGHBOYNE, a parish, in the unions of Lon-
donderry and Strabane, barony of Raphoe, county
of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 5 miles (W. S. W.)
from Londonderry, on the road to Raphoe ; containing,
with the village and ancient disfranchised borough of
St. Johnstown, 5782 inhabitants. St. Baithen (son of
Brendan), a disciple and kinsman of St. Columb, and
his successor in the abbey of Hy, founded Tegbaothin
in Tyrconnell : he flourished towards the close of the
sixth century. The parish comprises an area of 15,773|
statute acres, including a large portion of bog : the laud
is chiefly arable, and of good quality. There are some
extensive slate-quarries, but the slates are small and
coarse. The river Foyle, which bounds the parish on
the east, is navigable for boats to St. Johnstown ; where
a fair is held on Nov. 25th. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage
of the Marquess of Abercorn : the tithe rent-charge is
£1176. 18.; and the glebe, comprising 317 acres, is
valued at £260. 6. per annum. The glebe-house was
originally built in 1*85, at a cost of £1313 British, and
was subsequently improved at an expense of £1399 by
the then incumbent. The church was erected in 1626 ;
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £268
for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Lagan, or Raymo-
chy ; the chapel was built about 60 years since. There
is a dispensary for the poor.
TAUGHBOYNE, or ARTAGH,also called Tibohine,
a parish, in the union of Castlerea, barony of French-
park, county of Roscommon, and province of Con-
naught, on the river Gara (also called Lung), on the
road from Boyle to Ballaghadireen, and on the great
new western road to Ballina ; containing, with the
market and post town of Frenchpark and the village of
Lough-Glynn (both of which are separately described),
17,804 inhabitants. According to Archdall, a religious
establishment existed here, of which St. Baithen was
bishop in 640 ; the same writer says that here was a
celebrated school. The parish comprises 44,092| sta-
tute acres, and consists for the most part of isolated hills
054
T AUN
and ridges bounded by bogs, forming altogether a wild
tract, one half bog and the other inferior land, under an
unimproved system of agriculture. The Gara rises in
the parish, as docs a branch of the river Suck. To the
north-east of Lough-Glynn is the high sandstone hill
of Fairy Mount ; and two miles west of the village are
some furloughs, presenting a considerable extent of
water in winter, but dry in summer, of which Feigh is
the principal, containing 200 acres and celebrated for
the numbers of wild-fowl that resort thither. The river
Gara runs underground for about a mile in this vicinity.
The manufacture of felt-hats is carried on. A manor
court is held monthly in the parish, and petty-sessions
and fairs are held at Frenchpark ; there are also fairs
at Lough-Glynn. Lough-Glynn House, with its lake
and fine hanging woods, is the seat of Viscount Dillon ;
it is a large massive building, with angular bay-windows,
and has a noble appearance, from its situation on the
northern bank of the lake, which is about an Irish mile
long, having smooth green banks sloping to the water's
edge or banks overspread with trees, and a wooded
island : on the opposite side of the lake are two ash-
trees of remarkable growth. About five miles west is
Lough-Erritt, a highly improved seat, beautifully situated
in an extensively planted demesne, at the head of a lake
of the same name, which covers upwards of 360 statute
acres and contains very fine fish.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Elphin, being the corps of the prebend of Artagh or
Taughboyne, in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe
rent-charge is £260. 6. The glebe-house was erected in
1819, by a gift of £400 and a loan of £340 from the late
Board of First Fruits; the glebe comprises 21^ acres,
subject to a rent of £29. 15., and considered of the
same value. The church is an ancient building, remark-
able for its vaulted i-oof; the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners recently granted £240 for its repair. There is
a chapel of ease at Lough-Glynn. The Roman Catholic
parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church, and contains three chapels, at Frenchpark,
Taughboyne, and Lough-Glynn. There are dispensaries
at Frenchpark and Lough-Glynn. Among the woods
on the southern side of Lough-Glynn are remains of
the old castle of that name, said to have been founded
by one of the Fitzgeralds of Mayo, once a building of
considerable extent and strength, and defended at the
angles by towers, of which, in later times, one was used
as a temporary prison. Near Lord Dillon's deer-park
is a strong circular fortification on the summit of a
round hill.
TAUGHEEN.— See Tagheen.
TAUGHSHINOD, Longford.— See Teighshinod.
TAUGHSRARA.— See Tessaragh.
TAUNAGH, a parish, in the barony of Tiraghrill,
union and county of Sligo, and province of Con-
naught, 9 miles (N. N. W.) from Boyle, on the road to
Sligo ; containing 1597 inhabitants. This parish, situ-
ated on the river Arrow or Unshion, which flows from
Lough Arrow, comprises 3235 statute acres ; it has in
general a good deep soil, and contains a small quantity
of bog. It is in the diocese of Elphin : the rectory was
formerly part of the union and corps of the prebend of
of Kilmacallane ; the vicarage, formerly part of the
union of Boyle. The tithe rent-charge is £58. 3., equally
divided between the Ecclesiastical Commissioners and
T E I G
T E M P
the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is part of the district called Riverstown. There are
remains of the church, with a burial-ground attached;
and near the coach-road are the ruins of Bahy Castle,
surrounded with trees. A patron is held at Patrick's
well on March I'tli.
TAWNA, or Tavna, an island, in the parish of
Ballinacourty, barony of Dunkelmn, union and
county of Galway, and province of Connaught, .5 miles
(S. W.) from Galway, and in the bay of Galway ; con-
taining about 2'20 inhabitants.
TAWNEY, county of Dublin.— See Taney.
TAWNY, a village, in the parish of Clondevadock,
union of Milford, barony of Kilmacrenan, county
of Donegal, and province of Ulster; containing 26
houses, and 128 inhabitants.
TAXAX, county of Cork. — See Teighsasson.
TECOLME, a parish, in the union of Athy, barony
of Ballyadams, Queen's county, and province of
Leinster, .5 miles (S. VV.) from Athy, and on the road
from Stradbally to Carlow ; containing 239 inhabitants.
The parish comprises 1022|- statute acres. It is in the
diocese of Leiglilin : the rectory is impropriate in the
representatives of Thos. Fitzgerald, Esq. ; the vicarage
forms the corps of the prebend of Tecolme, in the pa-
tronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £75. 6.,
two-thirds payable to the impropriator, and the re-
mainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Ballyadams.
TEDONAGH.— Sec Tydavnet.
TEIGHSASSON, Ty-sassion, or Ta.xax, also called
Tisasson, a parish, in the union and barony of Kinsale,
county of Cork, and province of JNIunster, 2| miles
(W. N. W.) from Kinsale, and on the north side of the
river Bandon ; containing 49S inhabitants. This parish,
the name of which signifies " the Englishman's House,"
comprises 134" statute acres. The soil is extremely
light, and, under a good system of cultivation and by
the constant application of large quantities of sea-sand
brought from the bay of Kinsale and landed at the
small quays in the parish made for that purpose, pro-
duces good crops : the land is deemed valuable in con-
sequence of its pro.vimity to Kinsale and of the facilities
for procuring manure. The principal seats are Teigh-
sasson House, Ballywilliam, IloUyhill, Ballinvolig, and
Ballinacurra House. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of Cork, and in the patronage of the Crown :
the tithe rent-charge is £78. I'y. ; there is neither glebe
nor glebe-house. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is part of the union of Kinsale. A small creek,
which separates this parish from that of Clontead,
penetrates a considerable distance into the land : on its
southern bank are the ruins of the church ; and not
far distant are those of White Castle, which was built
by the Roches in 1497 to command the landing-place,
and gives name to the creek and the small village ad-
joining.
TEIGHSHINOD, or Taughshinod, a parish, partly
in the barony of Abbeyshrule, but chiefly in that of
MoYDOW, imion and county of Longford, and pro-
vince of LriNSTER, 3 miles (X.) from Ballymahon, on
the road to Ardagh ; containing 2533 inhabitants. In
the reign of King John a priory for Regular Canons,
dedicated to St. Peter, was founded at Deirg by Gorm-
gall O'Quin ; at the Dissolution its possessions were
555
granted to Nicholas Aylmer. The parish comprises
57 13^^ statute acres of land, which is in general good
and chiefly in tillage ; limestone is in some places found
on the surface, and there is a small quantity of bog.
The seats are Park, Loughin, and Richmont, the last on
an elevated situation commanding extensive views of
the .surrounding country. The parish is in the diocese of
Ardagh ; the rectory is partly impropriate in King Har-
man, Esq., and Messrs. Ponsonby and Palliser, partly
appropriate to the rector of Tashinny, and partly with
the vicarage constitutes a portion of the union of Moy.
dow. The tithe rent-charge is £172. 10., of which £24
are payable to the impropriators, £1 1 to the rector of
Tashinny, and the remainder to the incumbent ; the
glebe, comprising 30 acres, is valued at £42 per annum.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Carrickedmond, comprising also the
parishes of Abbeyshrule and Tashinny, and containing
the chapels of Carrickedmond and Abbeyshrule, the
former in this parish. There are some remains of the
old castle of Mornine ; and the ruins of the church,
and of the ancient abbey of Deirg or Darig, are still in
existence.
TELTOWN, or Killalton, a parish, in the union
of Kells, barony of Upper Kells, county of Meath,
and province of Leinster, 3| miles (s. E.) from Kells,
and on the road from Dublin to Enniskillen ; contain-
ing 1613 inhabitants. This place, under the name of
Taltion, is celebrated in traditional history for the pe-
riodical assemblage of vast numbers from all parts for
the purposes of traffic, sports, and social intercourse ;
the custom is said to have been established or revived
by King Tuathal. The parish appears to have derived
its name from St. Teallean, who founded the church
called Teachtelle, or " Teallean's House." It is situated
on the river Blackwater, and the Carlanstown or Ros-
niin river, which joins the former at Bloomsbury ; and
comprises 4266^ statute acres : about one-third is in
tillage, and the remainder, with the exception of 200
acres of bog of inferior quality, is excellent pasture and
meadow land. The seats are Bloomsbury, Teltown, and
Hurdlestown. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of
Meath, entirely imjiropriate in Dominick O'Reilly, Esqs,
and the representatives of Jas. C. Vincent, Esq. : the
tithe rent-charge is £163. 8. In the Roman Catholic
divisions, the parish is part of the district of Kilberry
and Teltown, and contains a chapel, situated at Oris-
town. The old burial-ground remains.
TEMPLEBEG, a parish, in the union of Thukles,
barony of Upper Kilnemanagh, county of Tipperary,
and province of Munster, 5 miles (S. E.) from Burris-
o'-leagh, and on the road from Newport to Thurles ;
containing 1207 inhabitants, and comprising 3427 sta-
tute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Cashel,
entirely impropriate in the Marquess of Ormonde : the
tithe rent-charge is £.50. 12. In the Roman Catholic
divisions Templebeg is held with part of the parish of
Toom, and contains a chapel.
TEMPLEBODANE, or Dronmoyne, a parish, in
the union of Midleton, barony of Barrymore, county
of Cork, and province of Munster, o^ miles (S. E.)
from Rathcormac, and on the road from Midleton to
Fermoy ; containing 1583 inhabitants. This parish
comprises 4736 statute acres ; there are 3037 acres of
arable and pasture land, SO of woodland, and 56 of bog,
4 B 2
TEMP
the remainder being mountain and waste. In the ham-
let of Ballinacurrig is a poHce station. Cadogan, an
elegant residence, is situated in grounds carefully laid
out ; the rhododendron, planted in clusters in its native
soil, flourishes in luxuriance and beauty, and in the
lower grounds is an arbor-vitae of great size, with some
laurels of large growth. Dunlarick stands in a demesne
embellished with e.xtensive and thriving plantations, the
whole of which was formerly waste land. The living is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patron-
age of the Bishop ; the rectory is appropriate to the
vicars-choral of Christ Church cathedral, Dublin. The
tithe rent-charge, amounting to £261. 5. 6., is equally
divided between the vicars-choral and the vicar : there
is a glebe of 9 acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Lisgoold. There
are some remains of the castle of Rathgabbane.
TEMPLEBOY, a parish, in the barony of Tyre-
R.\GH, union and county of Sligo, and province of
CoNNACGHT, 3 milcs (E.) from Dromore-West, on the
mail-coach road to Ballina j containing 3812 inhabit-
ants. This parish, which is situated at the entrance of
the bay of Sligo, and includes within its limits the point
or headland of Aughris, comprises 9112^ statute acres.
A large portion is mountainous, and there is a consi-
derable tract of bog ; the land is generally of good
quality and principally under tillage, but the system of
agriculture is not improved. There are quarries of
stone of good quality for building, and also of slate.
The principal seats are Sea View House, Cork Hill,
Grange, and Donahantra. The entrance of the bay of
Sligo, from the headland of Anghris to the point of
Rinoran, is about five miles wide; and the shores of
the parish, which are bold and rocky, are curiously in-
dented with caverns excavated by the action of the
waves. One of these, called Seals' Hole, from the num-
ber of seals which frequent it, is nearly 100 yards in
length ; at the entrance are some remarkable pendent
cliffs, more than 100 feet above the water, which rushes
in with great violence. The cavern called Khorandhun,
or "the Iron chest," extends a considerable distance
under the cliff, and is frequently visited by strangers ;
a small landing-place has been made near it by the
coast-guard, enabling small fishing-boats from the Do-
negal coast to land in safety. At PuUendiva is a coast-
guard station, one of the five that constitute the district
of Sligo. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Killala, forming part of the union of Kilmacshalgan;
the rectory is impropriate in R. W. Hillas, Esq., and
Colonel Gore, and the tithe rent-charge is £420, of
which £262. 10. are payable to the impropriators, and
the remainder to the vicar. The Roman Catholic parish
is co-extensive with that of the Established Church.
A priory of Augustine canons was founded in 1280 at
Akeras, otherwise Kilmantine, by the family of Mac
Donald; the prior was in 1544 consecrated bishop of
Elphin. In a field near Grange a gold signet ring,
weighing nearly an ounce, was dug up by a labourer,
some years since.
TEMPLEBREADY, orTEMPLEBRiDOET, also called
St. Matthew and St. Bridget, a parish, in the union
of KiNSALE, barony of Kerrycurrihy, county of
Cork, and province of Munster, 5 miles from Carriga-
line ; containing 1613 inhabitants. In 1.589, Sir Fran-
cis Drake with a squadron of five ships of war, being
556
TEMP
chased into Cork harbour by a Spanish fleet, sailed up
the river Ounabuoy, or Yellow river, under the lee of
Currabinny hill; the Spaniards followed, but Sir Francis,
having sailed up this winding estuary, anchored safely
a little off the north-western shore of the parish, and
the pursuers returned without their expected prize.
The parish is bounded on the north by the estuary called
Cross-Haven, or river Ounabuoy or Awenbuoy ; form-
ing a peninsula between Cork harbour and the Atlantic
ocean, at the entrance of the Cove of Cork : it com-
prises 2654 statute acres. The land is generally very
productive, the soil being deep, on a substratum of
clay slate ; and, with the exception of the plantations in
the demesnes of Hodderfield, Cross-Haven House, and
Aghamarta, it is almost wholly under tillage. About
two-thirds of the parish being surrounded by the sea,
there is a portion of waste near the rocks, but besides
this there is no waste land incapable of tillage ; some is
covered with a light herbage depastured by sheep. The
Awenbuoy is navigable for lighters and small sloops ;
and on the south is the Atlantic Ocean, in which is
Ringabella bay, where sloops can enter at spring tides,
and discharge coal, &c., at Is. per ton less than in the
harbour, owing to exemption from dues. The substra-
tum of the land is of the schistose formation, changing
through all the varieties of transition rocks, strangely
mixed with argillaceous grit, which alternates in a re-
markable manner; some of this stone is procured for
building, but it is very porous and soft. Quarries of
indifferent slate are partially worked near Hoddersfield,
and at Myrtle Ville ; and in several places in the east-
ern part of the parish is good manganese ; but the cir-
cumstance of that near the surface being in a state of
decomposition, has prevented any efforts being made to
open mines.
From the elevated grounds near the church are exten-
sive and magnificent views of the town of Cove and the
villages of Monkstown, Whitegate, &c., with the delight-
ful scenery along the shores of the river Lee. On the
eastern point of land, at the entrance to Cork harbour,
is Camden Fort, at present under the care of a master-
gunner and five men only. The gentlemen's seats are,
Hoddersfield, a handsome house beautifully situated in a
demesne of 647 acres, embellished with extensive plan-
tations rising above the Awenbuoy, whence the drive to
the house is a mile and a half long through a pictu-
resque glen ; Aghamarta Castle, on an estate of about
800 acres, extending along the south bank of the
Awenbuoy,and extensivelyplanted; Cross-Haven-House,
a spacious structure on the margin of the harbour, and
in the midst of a fine old wood; Myrtle Ville; and
Myrtle Ville Cottage, occupied in the summer as a
bathing-lodge.
The living is a rectory and perpetual cure, in the
diocese of Cork. The rectory has been united time im-
memorially to the rectories of Cullen and Templemartin,
constituting the union and corps of the deanery of St.
Finbarr's, Cork, in the patronage of the Crown ; the
jierpetual cure is in the gift of the Dean. The tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £150, of which £120. 5. 6.
are payable to the dean, and the remainder (being the
tithe of the demesne of Hoddersfield) to the perpetual
curate, who has also 12 acres of glebe and the glebe-
house, with an augmentation of £23. 3. 6. from Primate
Boulter's fund. The glebe-house was built in 1815, by
T E M P
a gift of £450 and a loan of £50 from the Board of First
Fruits. The church is a large edifice in the early
English style of architecture, with a turret and spire,
erected in 17/8, near the site of a former church; its
situation is remarkable, on the summit of the highest
ridge that rises west of the mouth of the harbour, and
being whitewashed, it forms a conspicuous and well-
known landmark. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the union of Carrigaline : the
chapel is a large plain building. The ancient castle of
Aghamarta, in the demesne of that name, was built by
the first earl of Desmond ; it stands on the verge of a
beautiful and picturesque glen, and consists of a tower
52 feet high, partly square and partly octagonal. Upon
its west side are the fragments of a building of two
stories ; the upper one, which is unroofed, was lighted by
two large semicircular windows on each side : this part
of the building, formerly much more extensive, was
taken down by a late tenant, and the materials used in
the erection of a house and cottages on the estate. On
the eastern point of land, close to the inner harbour,
was a nearly perfect tumulus, which has been almost
obliterated by the excavations for Camden Fort.
TEMPLEBREDIN, a parish, in the union of Tippe-
RARY, partly in the barony of Clanwilliam, county
of TiPHERARY, and partly in that of Coonagh, county
of Limerick, and province of Munster, 6 miles (N. W.
by W.) from Tipperary ; containing 1457 inhabitants,
of whom about 1000 are in that part of the parish which
is in the county of Limerick. The parish comprises
'2455 statute acres, and is equally divided between til-
lage and pasture, with the exception of a small portion
of bog, which supplies the tenantry with fuel. The
living, lately suppressed, was a vicarage, in the diocese
of Emly, and in the patronage of the Crown, owing to
the legal incapacity of the Earl of Kenniare ; the rec-
tory is impropriate in the Marquess of Ormonde, and
the tithe rent-charge is £106. 17. 6., of which £13. 10.
are payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Catho-
lic divisions the parish forms part of the district of Pal-
lasgreine.
TEMPLEBRYAN, a parish, in the union of Ban-
don, Eastern division of the barony of East Carbery,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 'i^ miles
(N. N. W.) from Clonakilty, on the old road to Bandon ;
containing 776 inhabitants. It comprises 11S9 statute
acres : the soil is generally light, and that portion of it
which is well cultivated is very productive ; on the
waste land is some excellent turbary. The parish is
in the diocese of Ross ; the rectory is appropriate to
the see, and the vicarage forms the corps of a prebend
in the cathedral of Ross, in the patronage of the Bishop.
The tithe rent-charge is €101, of which £45 are payable
to the prebendary, and the remainder to the Ecclesias-
tical Commissioners. The Protestant inhabitants at-
tend divine worship at Clonakilty church. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Clonakiltj'. On the summit of a gentle
eminence are the ruins of the parochial church, of which
the foundations, and part of the walls, only remain :
in the burial-ground is the shaft of a cross, 1 1 feet
high, set up in 1303 by the Knights Templars, who at
the period had possession of the whole parish, and from
whom Templebryau received its present name. Nearly
557
T E M P
adjoining the ruins of the church is a small circular
building, resembling a round tower, but it is not more
than six feet in diameter : and in an adjacent field are
the remains of a very extensive heathen temple ; i-ix nt
the stones still exi.st, the centre one being of white
quartz and much larger than the rest. This monument
of antiquity, near which is a spacious cave, is described
in the Philosophical Transactions, No. 471, a. d. I74'i,
by the Bishop of Clogher.
TEMPLECARNE, or Templecoin, a parish, in
the union of Donegal, partly in the barony of Lurg,
county of Fekmanagh, but chiefly in the barony of
TYRm;GH,county of Donegal, and province of Ulster,
4 miles (W.) from Kesh ; containing 5934 inhabitants.
This parish, which is also called Termoncerin-Magrath,
from its having been the residence of Magrath, the first
Protestant bishop of Clogher, is bounded on the south
by Lough Erne, and comprises 45,868 statute acres, of
which 7719 are in the county of Fermanagh. Of the
whole, 2140^ are in Lough Derg, which is entirely within
the parish ; 4400 are in Lower Lough Erne, and 1085^
in small loughs. About three-fourths of the land con-
sist of heathy mountain, affording during the summer
only a scanty pasturage to a few black-cattle ; the re-
mainder, with the exception of a moderate portion of
meadow, is principally under tillage. The soil is but
indifferent, and the system of agriculture backward ;
though some improvement has taken place in the low
lands, general progress has been greatly retarded by the
want of convenient roads through the district. Lime-
stone abounds, and is quarried for agricultural uses ;
there are also large quarries of excellent freestone, of
millstones of peculiar hardness, and of a coarse kind of
dark marble ; iron-ore is found here, and mines of it
were formerly worked to advantage. The rivers Petti-
goe, Omna, Letter, and Rossharbor, all of which abound
with trout, pike, and eels, intersect the parish in various
directions, and fall into Lough Erne. The principal
mountains, among which are some small lakes well
stored with fish, are Crocknacunny, Minchifin, Rushen,
and Rossharbor. Lough Derg, a noble expanse of water,
bordering on the eastern confines of the county of Done-
gal, is thickly studded with picturesque islands, the
chief of which are, Saints' Island, called also St. Da-
beoc's or St. Fintan's Island, from the supposed founder
of a monastery upon it, of which there are some re-
mains ; Turres or Station Island, so called from its being
the resort of pilgrims on penance ; Innishtoesk ; and
Goat, Eagle, Ash, Kelly's, Grouse, Lodge, and the
Prior's Islands. The shores of the lake are precipitously
steep, except in that part where the ferry-boat plies to
convey visiters to the several islands ; and the scenery
of the parish generally is strikingly diversified. Water-
foot, the residence of the Barton family, is pleasantly
situated. Fairs are held on the 25th of every month
except December, in which month a fair is held on the
Wednesday next before Christmas-day, for cattle, sheep,
pigs, and linen-yarn. A manorial court and petty-
sessions are held every other week.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Clogher, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
tithe rent-charge is £'2'25. The glebe-house was built
in 1813, at an expense of £978. 9-, of which £623 were
a loan from the late Board of First Fruits, and the re-
mainder was defrayed by the then incumbent : the
TEMP
TE
glebe comprises 141 acres of good land valued at
£176. 16. per annum. The church, situated at Pettigoe,
has been lately rebuilt at a cost of £2059 ; towards its
erection the Ecclesiastical Commissioners gave £1525,
and Mrs. Leslie (the proprietor of the estate), the rector,
and the Protestant parishioners contributed the remain-
der. A subscription, also, has been raised to build a
chapel of ease about four miles from the town. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish, called sometimes
Pettigoe, is the head of a district comprising also the
parish of Belleek. There are two chapels in this parish ;
one at Pettigoe, a large and well-built edifice ; and one
about four miles from the town, on the Strabane road :
there is also a chapel in the parish of Belleek. In the
town is a place of worship for Presbyterians ; and near
it, though within the verge of the adjoining parish, are
two for Wesleyan Methodists. Not far from the glebe-
house are the ruins of an ancient castle, said to have
been the residence of the first Protestant bishop of
Clogher ; it was battered by Ireton in the parlia-
mentary war, from the neighbouring hill, on which are
still traces of the works thrown up by that officer. There
are also several Danish raths, and mineral springs, in
the parish.
On Saints' Island, in Lough Derg, are the remains of
an Augustinian priory dedicated to St. Peter and St.
Paul, the foundation of which is ascribed to St. Dabeoc,
brother of St. Canoe, who flourished towards the close
of the fifth century : notwithstanding its celebrity, it
was plundered and reduced to ashes by Bratachus
O'Boyle and M" Mahon, in 1207. It was subject to the
great abbey of Armagh, and for several ages was cele-
brated for its miraculous cell, called St. Patrick's pur-
gatory, an invention attributed to a saint of that name
who was prior here in the ninth century. This cell
was much resorted to by pilgrims from all parts of
Europe, who were supposed to suffer in imagination,
while lying within its narrow precincts, all the pains
endured by the wicked in the purgatory of the Romish
Church. Its proximity however to the shore, with
which it was connected by a neck of land, affording too
great facility of access, the cave was stopped up, and
another opened in a smaller island, now called the Sta-
tion Island, about half a mile from the shore, to which
access is obtained by a ferry-boat constantly plying for
that purpose. Such was the reputation the place main-
tained, that safeguards were frequently granted by the
kings of England to foreigners of distinction who came
to visit It ; among others to Raymond, Viscount de
Perilleux and Knight of Rhodes, with a train of 20 men
and 30 horses, in 1397. The purgatory was repeatedly
suppressed by the Popes, and also by the Lords-Jus-
tices of Ireland, who banished the friars, and broke up
the cell ; but it was as frequently revived, and is still
visited by multitudes of pilgrims, who assemble here
during what is called " the station," which commences
on the 1st of June and continues to the 15th of August,
during which time the friars are constantly engaged in
hearing confessions, enjoining penance, and performing
other devotional rites. The number annually resorting
hither during that period exceeds 10,000 : each pays the
ferryman 6^d. for taking him to the island, and bringing
him back ; and the proprietor of the lake receives £165
per annum for allowing the ferryman to ply. The term
of continuance on the island is three, six, or nine days.
and each pilgrim spends the last twenty-four hours of
his term in the chapel of the purgatory, which receives
light only from a small window in one of the angles.
About 20 years since, a boat having eighty pilgrims on
board was swamped, and went to the bottom, only
three of the number being saved ; the bodies of the
rest were afterwards found and interred on Saints'
Island.
TEMPLECORRAN, or Broad Island, a parish, in
the union of Larne, barony of Lower Belfast, county
of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 5 miles (N. E.)
from Carrickfergus ; on the road from Belfast to Lame,
and on Lough Larne ; containing, with the village of
Ballycarry (which is separately described), 1428 inha-
bitants. In 1597 a battle was fought at the highly
romantic vale called Old Mill Glen, near Ballycarry,
between the Mac Quillans and Mac Donnells, the former
of whom were defeated ; and in November of the same
year, another took place on the same spot between the
Mac Donnells and Sir John Chichester, when the latter
was slain and his army cut to pieces. The parish,
which is also called, after the name of the village, Bal-
lycarry, comprises 4744^ statute acres, in a high state
of cultivation ; the system of husbandry is in a very
improved state, and has been much promoted by the
present proprietor, who is a practical and spirited agri-
culturist. Limestone and basalt are found in great
abundance. Red Hall, the seat of the Ker family, is
an elegant mansion with a fine demesne. The spinning
of yarn and the weaving of linen-cloth are carried on.
A court is held for the manor of Broad Island by the
seneschal of Marriot Dalway, Esq., for the recovery of
debts and determination of pleas to the amount of £20 ;
its jurisdiction extends over this parish and that of
Kilroot. Fairs are held at Ballycarry.
Templecorran is a vicarage, in the diocese of Connor,
forming part of the union of Ballynure and of the corps
of the prebend of Kilroot in the cathedral of Connor ;
the rectory is impropriate in D. S. Ker, Esq. The
tithe rent-charge is £260. 6., of which two-thirds are
payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
vicar. The ancient church, originally a spacious and
handsome cruciform structure, is now a ruin ; it was at
one time occupied by the Presbyterians, since whose
ejectment it has not been used as a place of worship.
A new church was built in 1846, at Mr. Ker's expense.
There are chapels for Presbyterians, Independents, and
Methodists ; the first is in connexion with the Remon-
strant Synod. R. G. Ker, Esq., in 1825, bequeathed
£200 in trust to the vicar and the senior Presbyterian
minister, to divide the interest among the poor. There
is a curious hollow cave, called the Salt Hole, into
which rushes a large stream of water which is not found
again ; and in the grounds of Red Hall is a glen of
very extraordinary character. The Rev. Mr. Bryce,
minister of the first Presbyterian congregation esta-
blished in Ireland, lived and was buried here : and over
the remains of a poet, known only as the Bard of Bally-
carry, a monument has been raised.
TEMPLECROAN, a parish, in the union of Glen-
ties, barony of Boylagh, county of Donegal, and
province of Ulster ; containing, with the post-town of
Dungloe and the islands of Arranmore and Rutland
(which are separately described), 9842 inhabitants.
The parish is situated on the north-western coast, and
TEMP
T E M V
is bounded on the north by the Gwidorc or Gwcedorc
river; it comprises 5'2,9'21 statute acres, of which QHg^
arc in the tideway of the Gwidore, and '2H96 in lakes.
Within its hmits is the greater part of the district called
" the Rosses," consisting of a dreary wilderness of rug-
ged mountain wastes and heaths, broken on the west
into abrupt rocky heights, and including many islands
separated by inlets of the sea. Some of these islands
are thinly covered on the summits with moss and heath,
and a few present specimens of verdure produced by
cultivation ; Arranmore, the largest, forms a shelter for
the rest, and a barrier against the western ocean. On
the shores of Cruit grows a kind of long and broad-
leaved grass having a saline taste, which the cattle rea-
dily feed on at ebb-tide. The district is unfavourable
either for grazing or tillage ; the produce raised is
inconsiderable, and there is often a scarcity of food.
Throughout the parish, agriculture is in a very back-
ward condition, the greater portion of the land consist-
ing of sands, mountain rocks, and bog : the mountain
of Crovehy rises 1033 feet above the level of the sea.
Indications of iron-ore may be observed in the precipi-
tous face of the mountains. Petty-sessions are held at
Dungloe, at which place is a constabulary police station.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Raphoe, and in the patronage of the Marquess Conyng-
ham ; the tithe rent-charge is £1/6. 5. The glebe-
house was erected by aid of £100, iu 1/63, from the
late Board of First Fruits; the glebe comprises S15
acres, valued at £152. 16. per annum. The church is a
small plain building, erected in 1760 by aid of £400
from the Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions this
parish is partly in the district of Lettcrmacward, and
partly a district in itself: it contains three good, plain,
slated chapels ; one of them at Dungloe, belonging to
Lettcrmacward ; the others in Arranmore and Kincas-
lagh, belonging to Templecroan. A dispensary is sup-
ported at Dungloe. Here are the ruins of the ancient
castle of Dungloe, near which have been brought up
out of the sea several brass cannon bearing the Spanish
arms, said to have belonged to the Armada.
TEMPLEDERRY, a parish, in the union of Ne-
NAGH, barony of Upper Ormond, county of Tippe-
RARY, and province of Munster, 6 miles (S. E.) from
Nenagh ; containing 'aOS'i inhabitants. The parish
comprises 6998 statute acres. The living is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, and in the pa-
tronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £1 18. 2.
The church is a small building, in good repair. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a
district, comprising also the parish of Kilnanave ; in
which union are three chapels, two in Templederry and
one in Kilnanave.
TEMPLEDOWNEY, a parish, in the union of Ne-
nagh, barony of Upper Ormond, county of Tippe-
rary, and province of Minster, 6 miles (S. E.) from
Nenagh, and on the coach-road from Dublin to Lime-
rick ; containing 552 inhabitants. The parish com-
prises IS50 statute acres. The principal seat is Pallas.
Templedowney is a rectory, in the diocese of Killaloe,
forming part of the union of Ballyniackey : the tithe
rent-charge is £62. 6. 2. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is part of the district of Aghnamadle,
also called Toomavara ; the chapel is a neat building,
in the village of Toomavara. Kuockane Castle is situ-
ated on an eminence, and forms a landmark, though in
ruins.
TEMPLE-ERRY, or Templeree, a parish, in the
union of Tiiurles, barony of Ikerrin, county of Tip-
perary, and province of Minster, 2^ miles (.N. E.)
from Templemore, on the road to Johnstown ; contain-
ing 16 12 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated
on the river Suir, comprises 4241 statute acres. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cashel, and in the
patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £156 ;
there is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Loughmorc and Castle-Inney ; the chapel is a hand-
some building of recent erection. Some vestiges of the
church still exist.
TEMPLEFINLAGAN.— SeeTAMLAGHTFiNLAGAN.
TEMPLEGALL, Cork.— See Whitechurch.
TEMPLEIIARRY, a parish, in the union of Ros-
CREA, barony of Clonlisk, King's county, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 2^ miles (N. W.) from Moncygall ;
on the coach-road from Dublin to Limerick, and on the
small river Ollitrim (which forms its boundary on the
south-west) ; containing 1 13* inhabitants, and compris-
ing 4590 statute acres. Agriculture is greatly im-
proved ; there is abundance of limestone. The chief
seats are, Emell Castle, which commands from its sum-
mit a very extensive view, and at the rear of which is
the ancient castle ; Ballintemplc ; Foxborough ; Clon-
lohan ; Rathfenny ; and Silver Hill. The living is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, episco-
pally united, in 1*99, to the rectory and vicarage of
Cullenwayne, and in the patronage of the Bishop. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £106. 6., and the
entire tithe of the union £276. IS. 6. The glebe-house
was erected by aid of £450 and a loan of £184, in 1812,
from the late Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises
12 acres. The church is a plain structure, built by aid
of a loan of £200 from the Board, in 1814. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Dunkerrin. The parochial school-house is an
excellent slated building, with accommodations for the
master and mistress, erected at an expense of £150, of
which £100 were a grant from the Lord-Lieutenant's
school fund. The remains of the ancient church being
situated on an eminence, have a picturesque appear-
ance. Here is the remarkable rath called Wolfe Hill,
near which is a pass through a bog, formerly thickly
wooded, where a large party of the army of William III.
was destroyed by the O'Carrolls, the native sept of this
district ; from which circumstance the spot has since
been called the " bloody Tosher. "
TEMPLEICHALLY, or^ Templekelly, also called
Callathamery, a parish, in the union of Nenagh,
barony of Owney and Arra, county of Tipperary,
and province of Mvnster, ^ of a mile (E.) from Killa-
loe ; on the road to Limerick, and on the river Shan-*
non ; containing 4259 inhabitants. It comprises 10,039
statute acres, and extends along the Shannon, about one
mile towards Limerick, and three miles in the opposite
direction from Ballina, which is connected with Killaloe
by a bridge across the Shannon. The land is mostly in
tillage ; there is some bog on the mountains. A slate-
quarry is worked at Rynmch : the Derry slate-quarries,
situated iu this parish, have been purchased by an
English company ; and the more e.xtensive slate- quar-
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TEMP
nes of Corrybally, about three miles further from Kil-
laloe, are worked by the same company, who employ
about 300 men. Derry Castle is situated in a noble
demesne, abounding with remarkably fine old timber ;
the scenery in its vicinity is extremely beautiful, and
the Shannon bounds the demesne on the west. The
parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Emly,
forming part of the union of Kilmastulla : the tithe
rent-charge is £304. 12. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
this parish and that of Kilmastulla, and called Ballina ;
in each of the parishes is a chapel. On the Upper
Killary mountain, a son of one of the kings of Leinster
was buried : on an island in the Shannon, opposite the
ruins of the church, are some remains of a monastery;
and on the north side of the bridge at Ballina are the
ruins of a castle, built most probably to defend the pas-
sage of the river.
"TEMPLE-KIERAN, a parish, in the poor-law union
of Navan, barony of Skreen, county of Meath, and
province of Leinster, 4 miles (S. E.) from Navan, and
near the coach-road from Dublin to Enniskillen ; con-
taining 34'2 inhabitants. This parish comprises, with
the chapelry of Lismullen, 200* statute acres of good
land. It is a chapelry, in the diocese of Meath, form-
ing part of the union of Skreen : the tithe rent-charge,
including that of Lismullen, amounts to £97- 10. The
church is a neat structure, erected in ISll by parochial
assessment, and a loan of £461 from the late Board of
First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the
parish is part of the district of Skreen.
TEMPLEMALY, a parish, in the union of Ennis,
barony of Bunratty Upper, county of Clare, and
province of Munster, 3^ miles (N.) from Ennis, near
the road to Corofin ; containing 1634 inhabitants.
This parish, which, though only about one mile broad,
is nearly five miles long, comprises 464Sy statute acres.
Within its limits are several lakes, and about 100 acres
of bog ; one of the lakes, which abounds with fish and
contains a small island, is supposed to have a subter-
raneous communication with another lake, about a mile
and a half distant. Templemaly is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe ; the rectory forming
part of the rectorial union of Ogashin, and the vicarage
part of the vicarial union of DrumclifFe. The tithe
rent-charge is £79. 7- 6., of which £37. S. are payable
to the rector, and the remainder to the vicar : there is
a glebe of about one acre. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is part of the district of Dowry, or
Doora. The ruins of the church still exist.
TEMPLEMARTIN, a parish, in the union of Ban-
DO.N', barony of Kinalmeaky, county of Cork, and
prounce of Munster, 5 miles (X.) from Bandon, and
on the road from Kinsale to Macroom ; containing 236'2
inhabitants. It comprises 7.515 statute acres, of which
about 330 are common ; about one-tenth pasture ; one-
twentieth bog (affording a good supply of fuel) ; and
the remainder under tillage, but generally poor and
stony ground. At Lisnegat is a large power-loom
factory for spinning cotton, employing about 100 per-
sons. At Mosstown was formerly a distillery, which
was subsequently a brewery; but it has long been dis-
continued. Fairs are held at Mossgrove on March
17th, Corpus-Christi day, Sept. 2nd, and Dec. 8th,
chiefly for cattle. The gentlemen's seats are. Mount
560
Pleasant, a handsome mansion on a commanding emi-
nence in a highly improved demesne ; Gurrane, a newly
erected house, near the old family mansion ; Mossgrove ;
Scartnamuck ; and Old Park.
The living is a rectory and perpetual cure, in the
diocese of Cork : the rectory forms part of the union
of Teniplebready, and of the corps of the deanery of St.
Finbarr's, Cork ; the perpetual curacy is in the gift of
the Dean. The tithe rent-charge is £389. 5., of which
£375 are payable to the dean, and the remainder to
the perpetual curate, who also receives £50 per annum
from Primate Boulter's augmentation fund. The glebe-
house was built by aid of £450 and a loan of £50, in
1815, from the late Board of First Fruits: the glebe
comprises 16 acres. The church is a plain building
with a square tower 50 feet high, erected in 1797 by aid
of £500 from the Board. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
the parishes of Templemartin, Killowen, and part of
Kilbrogan : the chapel is a small plain edifice. At
Mossgrove are the ruins of an old fortified mansion of
the Baldwins, who acquired the estate by purchase from
the Maskelyne family, in I6l2 : it appears to have been
surrounded by a wall, in the angles of which, and at
one end of the house, were round turrets, three of which
are standing. A subterraneous passage leading from
the house to the adjacent bog is still visible ; the en-
trance was by an aperture covered by the hearthstone
of a room on the ground- floor. There are also many
Danish raths in the parish, one of them on the lands
of Gurrane, including three acres, and surrounded by
three ramparts and a fosse ; another at Castle-Lac,
where are four upright stones of clay-slate, respectively
12, 9, and 6 feet high : this is supposed to be Druidical,
or to have been erected to commemorate a victory ob-
tained here by the Danes in 968. On the same plough-
land was a castle, now quite demolished.
TEMPLEMARTIN, or St. Martin, a parish, in the
barony of Gowran, union and county of Kilkenny,
and province of Leinster, 2^ miles (E.) from Kil-
kenny, on the road to Dublin ; containing 306 inhabit-
ants ; and comprising. JS'i^ statute acres. It is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, entirely
appropriate to the vicars-choral of the cathedral of St.
Canice, Kilkenny ; the tithe rent-charge is £58. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of St. Canice.
TEMPLEMICHAEL, Cork.— See Michael, St.
TEMPLEMICHAEL, a parish, partly in the barony
of Longford, but chiefly in that of Ardagh, union and
county of Longford, and province of Leinster, on
the main road from Dublin to Sligo, and on the river
Camlin ; containing (with the town of Longford), 8484
inhabitants. This parish comprises 91 14| statute acres;
and is principally under tillage, though there is a great
quantity of bog. Here are quarries of the best descrip-
tion of limestone, and great facilities for the transport
of provisions and merchandise are provided by the
Royal Canal. The seats are, Clonbalt, the property of
the Earl of Belmore ; and Carrickglass, of the Right
Hon. T. Lefroy, one of the barons of the exchequer.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ardagh, united
by episcopal authority to part of the vicarage of Killoe,
denominated Upper Killoe, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £276. 1 8. 6.
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The glebe-house is beautifully situated about half a mile
from the church, and near the river Canilin, wliieh flows
through the demesne ; it was built in I76O, and for its
improvement various sums were expended between 176;J
and 1795, amounting altogether to £'3314. There are
two glebes in the parish, one of 108 acres on which the
glebe-house is situated, the other of 35 acres at Lisser-
dowling ; also a glebe of '9^ acres in Kiltoe, subject to
a quit-rent of £'2. 16. 6. The church at Longford is a
spacious edifice, with a tower and spire : it was repaired
and enlarged in ISI'2, at a cost of £3'2'21 British, being
a loan from the Board of First Fruits ; and the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners lately granted £'249 for its
further repair. There is also a church at Upper Killoe.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is in the
district of Longford, comprising this parish and that of
Ballymacormick, and containing two chapels, one in the
town of Longford, and the other at Strand in Bally-
macormick. In Longford are also chapels for Wesleyan
Methodists and Presbyterians. The County Infirmary,
near the town, has '28 beds, besides a very large attend-
ance of extern patients, who are provided with advice
and medicine. There is a bequest for the poor, called
the " Charleton Money." In the townland of Lisser-
dowling is a moat which is supposed to form the central
spot of Ireland : near the town is a chalybeate spa ; and
on the glebe of Templemichael are the ruins of an old
church.
TEMPLEMICHAEL, or Templemihill, a parish,
in the union of Carrick-on-Suir, barony of Slievar-
DAGH, county of Tipperary, and province of Munster,
4^ miles (N.) from Carrick-on-Suir, and on the river
Liugan ; containing 102" inhabitants. The parish com-
prises 2870 statute acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese
of Lismore, forming part of the union of Dysart : the
tithe rent-charge is £147. 13. 8.
TEMPLEiMlCHAEL, a parish, in the union of Lis-
more, barony of Coshmore and Coshbride, county
of Waterford, and province of INIunster, 3^ miles
(N. X. W.) from Youghal, and on the road from Two-
mile-Bridge to Clashmore ; containing 2994 inhabitants.
This parish is bounded on the east by the navigable
river Blackwater, and on the south by the river Touro,
which is navigable for lighters. On Molana, formerly
an island, but now united with the main land, an Augus-
tinian monastery was founded in the 5th century by St.
Molanfide, who became its first abbot; and Raymond le
Gros, the companion of Strongbow, was interred here.
At the Dissolution it was granted, with the lands of
Ballinatray and Rhincrew, to Sir Walter Raleigh, by
whom the estate was assigned to the Earl of Cork. The
parish comprises 8215 statute acres, of which about
400 are woodland, 900 bog, and the remainder arable
and pasture ; the land is ot good quality and principally
under tillage. The scenery is pleasingly diversified, and
embellished with woods and thriving plantations. Bal-
hnatray, a seat here, is finely situated in a highly im-
proved demesne, comprising nearly 1500 acres; the
deer-park is well stocked, and the grounds are tastefully
disposed, and enriched with flourishing plantations.
The other seats are Cherrymount, Garryduff, Wood-
view, Templemichael House, and Newtown ; there are
also several other respectable houses within the limits
of the parish. A constabulary police force is stationed
here.
Vol. II.— 561
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore,
united to that of Kilcockan, and in the patronage of the
Duke of Devonshire ; the rectory is impropriate in
R. Smyth, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£495. 11., of which two-thirds are payable to the im-
propriator, and the remainder to the vicar ; the entire
tithe of the benefice of the vicar is £238. 2. There is a
glebe of three roods in Kilcockan, but no glebe-house.
The church is a neat edifice, rebuilt in 1824 on the site
of the ancient structure, the late Board of First Fruits
contributing £500. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a union, called Knockanore,
and comprising the parishes of Templemichael, Kil-
cockan, and Kilwatermoy ; there are three chapels.
The remains of St. Molanfide's Abbey are very extensive,
and, being thickly overspread with ivy, have a very
picturesque and interesting appearance ; they are pre-
served with great care : in the interior is a modern
statue of the founder, habited in the costume of his
order, erected on a pedestal. A little below these re-
mains are the ruins of the castle of Templemichael,
which appears to have been demolished by gunpowder ;
and to the south, on an eminence called Rhincrew, are
the ruins of another building, destroyed by similar
means.
TEMPLEMICHAEL, an ancient parish, in the
parish of Kiluride, poor-law union of Rath drum,
barony of Arklow, county of Wicklow, and province
of Leinster, 2^ miles (N.) from Arklow ; containing
about 360 inhabitants. It was separated from Arklow
ecclesiastical union by act of council in 1833 ; and com-
prises 1325 statute acres : it is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, now form-
ing part of the ecclesiastical union of Kdbride. The
church is in ruins. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the place is part of the district of Newbridge and Ba-
ranisky, and contains a chapel.
TEMPLEMICHAEL-DE-DUAGH, a parish, in the
union of Kinsale, barony of Kinnalea, county of
Cork, and province of Munster, 25 miles (E.) from
Innishannon, and on the road from Cork to Kinsale ;
containing 7 1 1 inhabitants. This parish comprises 2064
statute acres. The land is generally very good, the soil
deep, and based upon a substratum of clay-slate : agri-
culture is rapidly improving under the spirited exertions
of some of the resident gentry ; the chief manure is sea-
sand, brought up the Bandon river, and landed at the
quays near Innishannon. About one-half of the land is
under tillage, producing crops of corn and potatoes ; the
remainder being pasture, except about 20 acres of valu-
able bog. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of
Cork, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the tithe
rent-charge is £186. 17-6. The glebe-house was built
by aid of £300 and a loan of £500, in 1814, from the
late Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises six
acres. The church is a small handsome edifice, in the
early English style, built in 1812 by aid of £600 from
the same Board. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the union of Ballynaboy.
TEMPLEMOLOGGA, or MoLOGGA, also called No-
NANE, a parish, in the union of Fermoy, barony of
Condons and Clongibbons, county of Cork, and pro-
vince of Munster, 3^ miles (N. W.) from Mitcbclstown.
near the road to Kildorrery ; containing 1951 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 4396 statute acres, consisting partly
4 C
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of coarse mountain pasture and bog, and partly of arable
land which is tolerably good. For all civil purposes
the small parish of Ahacross has merged into this
parish, into which is supposed to have also merged the
ancient ecclesiastical parish of Rogericalvi, still retained
in the incumbent's title as a vicarage. Near the ruins
of the old church of Mologga is a beautiful cottage,
erected by the Hon. Robert King, as a summer resi-
dence. The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne,
forming part of the union of Clenore : the tithe rent-
charge is £134. 16. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Kildorrery ; the
chapel is at Coolbohoga. The ruins of a second church
exist at Laba Mologga, which is supposed to have been
formerly a distinct parish.
TEMPLEMORE, a parish, in the north-west liber-
ties of the city of Londonderry, union and county of
Londonderry, and province of Ulster ; containing
■20,3*9 inhabitants, of whom 14,530 are in the city.
This parish, also called Templederry, and more anciently
Derry or Derry-Columbkille, derives its name Temple-
more, "the Great Church," from the cathedral of Derry:
that name was applied to the cathedral in a popular ac-
ceptation, to distinguish it from the smaller churches in
its immediate vicinity ; and, after the cathedral had
been used as the parish church, the name was extended
to the parish. The most ancient name of the district
in which Derry is situated was Moy-Iha, "the Plain of
Ith ;" Ith being uncle of Milesius, whose sons led into
Ireland the celebrated colony that bore his name. This
district, which comprehended the tract between Loughs
Foyle and Swilly, and extended as far south as the river
Fin, was afterwards divided between Owen and Enda,
the two sons of Nial of the Nine Hostages ; under the
names of biis-Owen, " Owen's Island, " and Tir-Enda,
" Enda's Territory." Previously to the l^th century,
Moy-Iha was occupied by a branch of the Kinel-Owen,
called Clan-Conor, the most distinguished families of
which were those of O'Cathan, O'Cairellan, O'Murry,
O'Kennedy, O'Corran, O'Quin, and O'Dugan, most of
whom having crossed the Foyle into county Derry, their
places here were occupied by the Kinel-Moen, another
branch of the Kinel-Owen, of which the O'Gormlys and
O'Loonys were chiefs. These, in turn, were driven across
the Foyle by the Kinel-Connell in the 15th century.
From inquisitions taken in the reign of James I. it
appears that about half the parish was then considered
to belong to Inishowen, or O'Dogherty's country ; and
that Sir John O'Dogherty possessed several townlands
now in Templemore, which had been included in a re-
grant of Inishowen made to him on a surrender in the
30th of Elizabeth : he had forfeited this property in
1599 by rebellion, but it had been regranted to his
family, with the exception of some townlands reserved
for the fort of Culmore. In 1608 his son Sir Cahir
also rebelled, in consequence of which all his estates
were granted to Arthur, Lord Chichester, of Belfast,
who leased them to Sir Faithful Fortescue, Arthur
Ussher, Tristram Beresford, and Charles Pointz. Of
the 24 townlands into which the parish is now divided,
one, on which is the fort of Culmore, belongs to the
king ; one to Captain Hart ; one and a part to the
Bishop of Derry in right of his see ; two to Lord Tem-
plemore, a branch of the Chichester family ; three to
the Marquess of Donegal, the head of the same family :
56'2
and fifteen and a part to the Irish Society. Until the
year 1809 the parish extended into the county of Done-
gal, and included the three parishes of Burt, Inch, and
Muff, which were then severed from it and erected into
perpetual curacies.
The PARISH, as at present constituted, contains
12,611 statute acres. It is bounded by the river Foyle
and Lough Foyle on the east, and by the county of
Donegal on every other side ; extending about eight
miles in length from north-east to south-west, and less
than three in its greatest breadth in the contrary di-
rection. The surface is beautifully undulating, present-
ing a succession of hills, mostly cultivated or under
pasture. A wide valley, extending from the Foyle at
Pennybum, separates the hills into two groups. Of
these the southern is the more prominent, rising at its
southern extremity into Holywell hill, 860 feet above
the sea ; the highest point of the northern group, in
Elaghmore, is not more than 354 feet. The lake of
Ballyarnet, occupying portions of the three townlands
of Ballyarnet, Ballynashallog, and Ballynagard, contains
3a. 3r. 27p. ; its height above the sea is about 100 feet.
Except the Foyle, which is navigable for small craft to
Castlefin, there is no body of water entitled to the name
of river : the numerous small streams which irrigate
the parish, flow eastward into the main river or lough,
with the exception of one, which, passing by Coshquiu,
terminates in Lough Swilly. Springs are numerous ;
not fewer than eight occur within a tract of about 20
acres, in Springhill and Creggan ; several of them are
slightly chalybeate. The coast of Lough Foyle, where
it borders the parish, is low, and destitute of any strik-
ing characteristic features. It is the general opinion of
the intelligent farmers here that a marked amelioration
has taken place in the climate : the seasons both of seed
time and harvest have advanced considerably ; and the
extended cultivation of wheat, and the increasing num-
ber of quails, are further proofs of it.
The soil in the high grounds is occasionally stony,
sandy, and meagre ; but in by far the greater portion
of the parish it is a light productive clay or loam, which
in the very low grounds becomes stifFer, though never
to an injurious extent. The subsoil is more generally
a coating of gravel resting on the rock than the rock
itself, and is often in a very indurated state, owing to
the abundance of iron proceeding from the decomposi-
tion of the schistose rocks : it is then called "till," or
" red till," from its prevailing colour, and is considered
to be hurtful to vegetation. The geological structure
of the parish is simple. The great mass of primary
schistose rock which occupies much of the western por-
tion of the county, spreads over the whole surface of
Templemore, with the exception of a considerable patch
of detritus at Culmore in the north-east, which pro-
bably conceals a part of the new red sandstone, that
rock being visible at the northern extremity of the
parish ; and also with the exception of several very
limited deposits of mud and clay, which skirt the Foyle
on the south-east. Mica-slate, passing into quartz-
slate, is the prevailing mineral, occupying at least two-
thirds of the whole. Limestone is found only in small
quantities at the southern extremity where the quarries
have been abandoned; and greenstone, of a dense, close-
grained, and homogeneous character, at Conn's Hill,
where the opening of the quarry is, strictly speaking.
T E IVI P
T E M P
without the bounds. The schistose rocks are in the
harder varieties too coarse, and in the softer not suf-
ficiently cohesive, for being used as roofing slates ; but
they are much employed in building. Plenty of clay
for bricks is to be had ; but the manufacture has been
relinquished on account of the scarcity of fuel. The
bogs are of great local importance, though they are now
only the relics of a more extensive tract nearly exhausted
by continued use : portions are occasionally reclaimed,
and when the peat has been entirely cut away, the sub-
soil is easily brought into cultivation. Large trunks
and roots of trees have been raised from them. The
natural meadows are extensive, particularly on the sides
of some of the bogs : the mountain pasture is generally
poor. Wheat, which formerly was considered unsuit-
able to the climate and soil, is now in much estimation :
green crops are occasionally adopted. Forced or sown
meadows are by no means general : when prepared for
cutting the first year, they are sown with perennial rye-
grass and red clover ; when for grazing, white grass and
white clover are sown. There are several nurseries.
Most of the timber in the parish appears to have been
planted more for ornament than profit ; the most com-
mon trees along the Foyle are beech, elm, sycamore,
and ash : a small patch of natural wood is to be
seen at Ballynagalliagh. Manures are easily attain-
able, being partly stable-dung ; partly lime, drawn
from the city ; and partly a compost of bog-earth, dung,
lime, and shells : the shells are procured at a bank
called Shell Island, in Lough Foyle. Kelp is only oc-
casionally used.
The manufactures carried on in the rural parts of the
parish are chiefly those arising directly from agricultural
produce. The mill at Pennyburn ground 1,513,'200 lb.
of wheat, and 1,164,800 of oats, in a recent year ; three
others ground an aggregate of 543,0001b. of oatmeal :
seven flax-mills worked up 4'250 cwt. of flax and 1059
cwt. of tow ; a brewery made 5200 barrels of beer, and
two distilleries 208,800 gallons of spirits ; two tanneries
converted 5300 hides into leather. There were two
lime- kilns, one brick-kiln, two rope- walks, SO linen-
looms, 28 cotton-looms, and one woollen-loom, at work.
All these totals are the results of returns collected in
that year, and are exclusive of the manufactures of the
city, to which the commerce of the district is wholly
confined : the salmon-fishery gives employment to 232
persons. The jurisdiction of the corporation of Lon-
donderry extends over the whole parish, but in Culmore
only by sufferance, that townland being the exclusive
property of the crown, and under the control of the
governor of the fort.
The condition of the peasantry in the low lands is
comfortable, the dwellings neat, and orchards and
kitchen-gardens are frequently to be seen, attached to
well-fenced farms of considerable extent, and in good
condition. In the mountain lands, which are much
frequented on account of free turbary being granted
with the cabins, the cottiers are very poor, and several
of the farmhouses are nearly as wretched as the huts
of the labourers. Three main roads from Londonderry
to Greencastle, Lifford, and Letterkcnny, intersect the
parish ; they are not kept in good order, and would
admit of much improvement as to the line of direction :
the cross-roads and bye-roads are sufficiently numerous,
and there is a ferry across the mouth of the Foyle at
563
Culmore, below the fort. It has long been contemplated
to connect Loughs Foyle and Swilly by a canal ; but
though the district through which the line would pass
is well adapted for it, a difliculty presents itself in the
circumstance of the Swilly at the Burnfoot, which is
separated from the Foyle by a neck of land only three
miles broad, rising and falling at spring tides 18 feet :
this is twice as much as at Londonderry, and therefore
the surfaces of the loughs at high water stand at dif-
ferent levels. In July, 1846, an act was passed for
draining and embanking the two loughs. Among the
principal seats are. The Farm, the property of Sir R. A.
Ferguson, Bart. ; Boom Hall, the property of the Earl
of Caledon, and the residence of the Bishop of Derry ;
Brook Hall, remarkable for the beauty of its grounds,
the seat of Sir George Hill, Bart.; Thorn Hill; Bal-
liuagard ; Belmont ; Foyle Hill ; Milton Lodge ; and
Troy II(mse. The bishop's demesne, though it is not
his residence, may also be included under this head.
Casina, erected by the late Earl of Bristol, is situated
in the suburbs of the city, close to the bishop's gardens,
commanding a fine view of the river and the scenery
on its opposite bank ; although irregularly built, it pre-
sents a handsome front, and the principal apartment is
decorated with paintings in chiaro-oscuro.
The LIVING is a rectory, united by patent of James I.
to the rectories of Faughanvale and Clondermot, form-
ing together the corps of the deanery of Derry, in the
patronage of the Crown : the tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £1205. The deanery-house was rebuilt in
1834, at an expense of £3422, provided out of the funds
of the present incumbent, and the whole of which -will
be chargeable on his successor : the glebe, containing 3
acres, is valued at £9 per annum. The gross value of
the benefice, tithe and glebe inclusive, before the passing
of the Rent-charge act was above £3000. The cathe-
dral of Londonderry is now used as the church, and
there are two other churches in the parish, the particu-
lars of which are given in the account of that city : the
old church was situated in the northern part of the
parish, near Culmore Fort. The Roman Catholic parish
is co-extensive with that of the Established Church ; it
is the head of the diocese, and the mensal of the
bishop.
In Ballinagard demesne, on the western bank of the
Foyle, is a rath measuring 73 yards by 60 ; it is sur-
rounded by a fosse and parapet, and is now covered
with trees. In Ballymagrorty is a small cromlech, the
table-stone of which is 4 feet by 3 ; and on the summit
of Holywell Hill are the remains of a cairn, about 40
feet in diameter, in the centre of which is a pit 3 feet
square and 5 deep ; the rock of the mountain forms
the bottom of this pit, and it is called the Holy well,
from a small pool of rain-water being found in it, which
is supposed to possess healing virtues. There are also
two cairns of modern construction : one is called
" Jenny's Cairn," being the spot where a young woman
was murdered under very atrocious circumstances ; the
other, in the bed of a rivulet, is called the " Priest's
Burn," from a tradition that a priest was killed on the
spot. The old church of Killea, in the townland of the
same name, was one of the five chapels of ease to the
mother church ; its foundations still remain, in a ceme-
tery surrounded by an old stone wall. The church of
Culmore, though a ruin, is of no great antiquity, having
4 C2
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been built a short time before the war of 1688 and
burnt by James's army, since which it has never been
repaired : it was cruciform, and consisted of a nave and
transept ; the walls are still entire, except at the western
end. The castle of Aileagh or Elagh, now a small ruin,
stands on a commanding eminence on the verge of the
parish, about two miles from the more ancient fortress
of the same name in the county of Donegal, formerly a
royal castle. The forts of Culmore and Donnalong were
erected by the English in the reign of Elizabeth or
James I., to secure their newly accjuired possession of
Derry : the former, situated on a projecting point on
the western bank of the Foyle, where the stream opens
into the lough, was a small triangular fort, with a bas-
tion at each corner, and a square tower at the point
next the river : though not occupied as a military sta-
tion for upwards of a hundred years, a governor is
still appointed to it. General Hart, the late governor,
substantially repaired the tower ; but the outworks are
now nearly obliterated. Donnalong, or Donolonge,
which was a place of more importance, was on the
eastern bank of the Foyle, in the parish of Donagheady ;
there are no remains. Templemore gives the title
of an English baron to a branch of the Chichester
family.
TEMPLEMORE, or Sthade, a parish, in the union
of Castlebar, barony of Gallen, county of Mayo,
and province of Connaught, 4 miles (S. W.) from Fox-
ford ; on the road from Foxford to Castlebar, and on
the river Moy and Lough Cullen ; containing 4'251 in-
habitants. A Franciscan friary was founded here by
the sept of Mac Jordan, and in 12.5 '2 was given to the
Dominicans by Jordan of Exeter, Lord of Athlethan, or
by his son Stephen ; a very small part remains, but the
walls of the church, which was singularly beautiful, are
nearly entire, with some curious ornaments and a re-
markable tomb : a house has been built adjoining the
church, which is inhabited by some of the order. The
parish comprises 9463 statute acres : the land is prin-
cipally under tillage, and there are quarries of limestone,
and some bog. In the village of Strade is a constabu-
lary police station; and fairs are held on May 31st,
July 30th, Oct. '23rd, and Nov. '■27th. The living is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Achonry, episcopally united,
in 180.5, to the vicarages of Bucholla, Towmore, Killas-
ser, and Killedan, and in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the rectory is impropriate in the representatives of the
late Roger Palmer, Esq. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £'209. 13. 6., one-half payable to the impro-
priators, and the other half to the vicar ; the gross
amount of the tithe of the vicarial benefice is £6*0. 1.
There are two churches in the union ; one at Foxford,
in the parish of Towmore ; and the other at Ballina-
more, in the parish of Killedan. In the Roman Catho-
lic divisions the parish is a separate benefice : the chapel
is a large slated building, contiguous to the abbey.
Ballylahan Castle is the ruin of an ancient fortress,
about 30 feet square, built by one of the Jordan family,
who had many more in this neighbourhood. An old
bridge of 16 arches, called Alahan, or the Broad Ford,
here crosses the river. Ruins exist of the church of
Templemore.
TEMPLEMORE, a market and post town, and a
parish, in the union of Thurles, partly in the barony
of Ikerrin, but chiefly in the barony of Eliogarty,
564
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county of Tipperary, and province of Mdnster, 31
miles (N. by W.) from Clonmel, and 65 (S. W.) from
Dublin ; on the road from Athlone to Cork, on that
from Cashel to Roscrea, and near a branch of the river
Suir ; containing 5966 inhabitants, of whom 3685 are
in the town. It is supposed that this place originated
in its being a station of the Knights Templars, who were
settled in the castle. The parish contains S47'2 statute
acres, including about 700 acres of good land the pro-
perty of the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, Dub-
lin : agriculture has much improved of late years, and the
parish has in it some of the finest pasture and meadow
land. The limestone-quarries here are very good, af-
fording blocks of 20 feet, if required. The manor courts
have been discontinued ; but petty-sessions are held
every Thursday in the court or market house, a hand-
some decorated building in the centre of the town.
Fairs are held in Jan., March, May, June, July, Sept.,
Oct., and Dec, for cattle, sheep, pigs, wool, &c. ; they
are considered the best in the county. Templemore is
remarkably healthy, and well supplied with water and
fuel : every encouragement is given by the proprietor to
induce the inhabitants to adopt improvements. The
town is clean, well built, and modern ; it is approached
on all sides by handsome avenues of ash-trees, and owes
its very improved condition to the exertions of the late
proprietor. Sir John Craven Garden, Bart, (father of
the present proprietor), who granted the ground on
which it stands, at a nominal rent, and under whose
auspices the public buildings were erected. It contains
extensive infantry barracks, with accommodations for
54 officers, 1500 men, and 30 horses, and an hospital
attached for SO patients ; a bridewell ; a fever hospital ;
and a dispensary.
The neighbourhood is adorned with many fine seats
and elegant cottages, having ornamented grounds. The
castle, so lately as a century ago, was the family resi-
dence of the Gardens ; but in consequence of its acci-
dental destruction by fire, they removed to another
house in the demesne, which was recently pulled down
for the purpose of erecting a new mansion on a more
elevated spot. Since the demolition of the old house.
Sir H. R. Garden's family has resided at the Priory, a
building adjoining the park, erected by the late baronet.
The Priory demesne, exclusively of the park and large
plantations, comprises 200 statute acres ; it is situated
within one mile of the town, and has gardens and shrub-
beries laid out with much taste. One of the entrances
to the Park is a remnant of the castle of the Knights
Templars : the park is well wooded, and contains a
large sheet of water ; it is surrounded by excellent
land, and backed by a range of mountains, the largest
of which is called " the Devil's-Bit," from its singular
shape, it appearing as if a portion had been taken out.
Lloydsborough is the seat of J. Lloyd, Esq. ; part of the
demesne is in Killea, though the mansion is in the
parish of Templemore ; it is a handsome residence.
The other principal seats are Woodville Lodge, Belle-
wood, and Eastwood.
The LIVING is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel,
united by act of council to the rectories and vicarages
of Killavenogh and Killea, and in the patronage of the
Bishop ; the rectory is impropriate in Mr. Lloyd. The
tithe rent-charge of the parish is £480. 15., of which
£315 are payable to the impropriator, and the remain-
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tier to the vicar ; the gross tithe of the benefice of the
incumbent is £608. 16. 6. Here is an ancient glebe of
14 acres, in dispute; also a glebe of 20 acres, for which
the incumbent pays £30 per annum rent, and on which
the glebe house was built in 1790 by the then incum-
bent, Dr. Graves, at a cost of £1'200 and by aid of a
gift of £100 from the Board of First Fruits. The
church is remarkably handsome, both internally and
externally ; it was erected about 60 years since, and
has a spire : the interior is highly finished, very com-
modious, and furnished with a good organ, the gift of
the late baronet ; the window over the altar is enriched
with a representation of the Crucifixion in stained glass.
The Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £169
for the repairs of the church. The Roman Catholic
union or district is co-extensive with that of the Esta-
blished Church, and in each of the parishes is a chapel;
that of Teniplemore is a capacious building, on a plot of
ground given by Sir J. C. Carden. Here is also a hand-
some Wesleyan Methodist chapel. A school is under
the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity ; it has a good
school-house with a square tower, for the erection of
which the trustees gave £300, Sir J. C. Carden defraying
the remainder of the cost. Dr. Graves left £50, the
interest to be applied for the benefit of this school.
George Bennett, Esq., vested £200 in the old 3 per
cent, annuities, the interest of which is placed at the
disposal of the incumbent for the benefit of the poor.
There are remains of several ancient castles, built at
different periods, but all of very remote date. In a cave
in the Devil's-Bit mountain was found, in 1790, a IMS.
copy of the Gospels, in Latin, but in the ancient Irish
character, apparently written in the thirteenth century;
it was inclosed in a case, partly of silver, ornamented
with crystal and coloured glass, and is now in the pos-
session of Sir W. Bctham, Knt.
TEMPLEMURRY, a parish, in the union of Bal-
LiNA, barony of Tyrawley, county of Mayo, and pro-
vince of CoxNAUGHT, 3 milcs (N.) from Killala, and on
the road from Ballina to Lacken ; containing 1291 in-
habitants. It is situated on the bay of Rathfran (con-
tiguous to the bay of Killala), into which a river here
empties itself; and comprises 2240| statute acres,
chiefly arable. Fairs are held at Rathfran on Aug.
25th and Nov. 1 1th. The sea being smoother here than
at the contiguous bar, some vessels prefer running up
to this part ; it is quite sheltered, and safe from the sea
swells. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Killala,
forming part of the union of Lacken ; the rectory is ap-
propriate to the dean and the precentor of Killala, and
the tithe rent-charge is £S1, one-half payable to the
dean and the precentor, and the other half to the vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions Templemurry is part
of the district of Killala. Ruins exist of the fine old
abbey of Rathfran, which was founded for Dominicans
in the 12th century : adjoining is a burial-place still
used.
TEMPLENECARRIGA, a parish, in the union of
MiDLETO.N, barony of Barrymore, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, 6^ miles (S. E.) from Rath-
corraac, on the road to Midleton ; containing 1574 in-
habitants ; and comprising 520S statute acres, of which
64 are woodland, and the rest either pasture or under
tillage. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne, form-
ing the corps of the treasurership of Cloyne, and in the
565
patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is
£373. 16. 6., and the gross annual income of the trea-
surer £383. 16. 6. The glebe comprises 22 acres;
there is not a glebe-house. The church is in ruins, but
divine service is performed in a school-house licensed
by the bishop, until a new church shall be built. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the
district of Lisgoold.
TEMPLENEIRY.— See Bansha.
TEMPLENOE, or New Church, a parish, in tlie
union of Kenmare, barony of Dunkerron, county of
Kerry, and province of Munster, 5 miles (W. .S. W.)
from Kenmare, on the road to Sneem ; containing 41S9
inhabitants. It is situated on the northern shore of the
estuary or bay of Kenmare, from which it extends to-
wards the base of the mountains of Mangerton and Mac
Gillicuddy's Reeks ; and is bounded on the east by the
river Finihy, and on the west by the Blackwater, both
flowing into Kenmare bay. Near the shore are the
ruins of the ancient castle of Dunkerron (once the chief
seat of the O'Sullivan Mores), which gives name to the
barony, and also to the manor into which the possessions
of the Earl of Shelburne were erected by patent in 1721,
on the petition of that nobleman, for the purpose of
establishing a legal course of justice in this part of the
country, which, he declared, on account of its remote-
ness had never before existed. The patent gave to the
carl and his heirs courts baron, with special power to
take cognizance and hold pleas in all actions for debt,
trespass, &c., not exceeding £20: the jurisdiction of
this court, which is generally held every third week at
Kenmare, extends over parts of the baronies of Dunker-
ron, Iveragh, and Glanerough.
The parish comprises 32,428 statute acres, and con-
sists chiefly of mountain and bog. About one-sixth of
it only is under tillage ; two-sixths are irreclaimable
rocky mountain, affording, however, coarse pasturage ;
and the remaining three-sixths are capable of reclama-
tion : there are about 130 acres of woodland. Lime-
stone exists on the lands of Cappanacoss and Dunkerron,
and on the contiguous shore, and indications of copper
are to be seen at GortamuUen : sea- weed, collected in
the bay, is generally used for manure. Some of the in-
habitants are employed in fishing, and dredging for
lobsters. The Spaniards are said to have formerly
carried on an extensive fishery in this bay, and there
still exist on the opposite shore the remains of several
long low buildings erected by them, and bearing the
name of " fish palaces." The salmon-hauling at the
mouth of the Blackwater is noticed in the article on the
village of that name. The principal seat is Dromore, a
noble edifice in the Gothic castellated style, lately erected
on the shore of the bay, in the scenery of which it forms
a striking feature ; it commands a splendid and ex-
tensive prospect of the bay, and of the bold and pic-
turesque group of mountains on its southern shore.
The demesne, which extends a considerable distance
along the margin of the bay and the eastern bank of the
Blackwater, has been much improved and extensively
planted by the present proprietor : within it are the
ruins of Cappanacoss Castle, formerly belonging to a
branch of the OSullivans; and adjoining the ruined
castle of Dunkerron is the seat of that name. The
castles of Dunkerron and Cappanacoss are traditionally
said to have been defended by their respective owners
TEMP
and founders, when attacked by Cromwell's forces.
At Cappanacoss is a station of the constabulary police ;
and petty-sessions for the Blackwater district are
held at Cloverfield on the first Wednesday in each
month.
Templenoe is in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe,
and is a rectory and vicarage, forming part of the union
of Kilcrohane : the tithe rent- charge is £91. 15. The
church, a small plain building, situated about three-
quarters of a mile to the west of the ancient edifice, was
erected in 1826, at an expense of £700, of which £600
were a gift from the Board of First Fruits, and £100
were contributed by the late Mr. Mahony, of Dromore,
who also gave the site ; it is fitted up with teak wood
from the wreck of a vessel. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Ken-
mare : the ruins of the old church have been converted
into a chapel. At Dreendroch is a cromlech.
TEMPLENOE, or Lisnavilla, a parish, in the
barony of Clanwilltam, union and county of Tippe-
RARY, and province of Munster, 3 miles (N. E.) from
Tipperary, on the road to Cashel ; containing 1154 in-
habitants. It comprises 2730 statute acres, consisting
chiefly of rich grazing-land. The principal houses are
Greenane, Friarsfield Cottage, and Newtown Cottage.
The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Cashel, forming part of the ecclesiastical union of Tip-
perary : the tithe rent-charge is £138. 9. The glebe-
house of the union is in this parish; and there are 12
acres of glebe, valued at £36 per annum.
TEMPLEOMALUS, a parish, in the union of Ban-
don, barony of Ibane and Barryroe, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, 2|- miles (S. E.) from Clona-
kilty, on the road to Donoughmore, and on the harbour
of Clonakilty ; containing 1612 inhabitants, and includ-
ing the village of Ring. The Lord Arundel, in the early
part of the 13th century, built here a very extensive
and beautiful castle, called Castle Arundel ; it afterwards
passed to the Barrymore family, and was by them named
Rine or Ring, whence the name of the village. The
lands of Ring and Lackenduff were granted by Charles
II., in 1666, to the corporation of Bandon, but have long
since passed from that body. The parish comprises
1931 statute acres, of which 1781 are arable, 125 bog,
and 25 waste : the land is in general good ; and the
judicious use of sea sand and weed for manure, under
an improved system of agriculture, produces abundant
crops of corn and potatoes. The substratum is clay-
slate : quarries of slate were wrought some years ago ;
but as the quality was very indifferent, they were dis-
continued. Some of the inhabitants are engaged in fish-
ing The village of Ring is remarkably well situated for
an extensive trade, and some business is carried on in
grain, potatoes, and flour, to facilitate which several
very capacious stores have been built, connected with
which is a large flour-mill ; 5000 bushels of wheat and
1000 tons of potatoes are annually shipped. The living
is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ross, and in
the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£150. 4., and the glebe comprises 13 acres, but much
injured by the working of a slate-quarry for many years.
A neat but small church was built in 1844, near the site
of a former edifice, on ground given by John H. Love,
Esq. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms
part of the district of Clonakilty ; the chapel is a large
566
TEMP
plain edifice, at Darrery. The ruins of the old church
form a conspicuous and interesting object on a hill. In
the lands of Lackenduff are the remains of an extensive
heathen temple ; two large stones remain standing near
each other, and in an adjoining field is another still
larger.
TEMPLEORAN, or Foran, a parish, in the union
of MuLLiNGAR, barouv of MoYGoisH, county of West-
MEATH, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (N. W.) from
MuUingar, on the road to Ballinacargy, and on Lough
Iron, which bounds the parish on the north ; containing
1395 inhabitants. This parish, which is intersected by
the Royal Canal, comprises 5189 statute acres of land,
principally under grass ; there is a small quantity of
bog. Sonna has been for upwards of six centuries the
seat of the Tuite family ; the house is a light and ele-
gant building, in a well-planted demesne, situated on the
bank of a picturesque lake. The parish is a rectory, in
the diocese of Meath, impropriate in the family of Piers,
and forms part of the union and perpetual cure of Leney :
the tithe rent-charge is £102. 17-, wholly payable to the
impropriator. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is the head of a district, called Sonna, comprising
this parish and that of Kilbixy, in each of which is a
chapel i that of Tcmpleoran is at Sonna. The ruins of
the church are on the lands of Templeoran, and in their
vicinity are several raths.
TEMPLEOUGHTER, a parish, in the union of
Larne, barony of LTpper Glenarm, county of Antrim,
and province of Ulster, adjoining the post-town of
Glenarm, and on the Glenarm water : the population is
returned with the parish of Ticmacrevan, by which this
parish is entirely inclosed. Nearly two-thirds of it are
barren mountain. It is ecclesiastically consolidated with
Ticmacrevan, ichich see. A small fragment of the ancient
church is still remaining on the lawn in front of the castle
of Glenarm, near the principal entrance : the church of
the union was built about 65 years since, by act of
council, within the hmits of this parish, and in a situation
convenient for both parishes.
TEMPLEOUTRAGH, or Upperchurch, a parish,
in the union of Thurles, barony of Upper Kilne-
managh, county of Tipperary, and province of Muns-
ter, 5 miles (S. E.) from Burris-o'-leagh, and on the
road from Newport to Thurles ; containing 3147 in-
habitants, and comprising 12,903 statute acres. It is
in the diocese of Cashel ; the rectory is impropriate in
the Marquis of Ormonde, and the vicarage is appropriate
to the Bishop's mensal : the tithe rent-charge is £151. 17.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head
of a district called Upperchurch, comprising this parish
and that of Moyaliffe, in each of which is a chapel : that
of Templeoutragh is a large building. Some remains of
the church exist.
TEMPLEPATRICK, a parish, partly in the barony
of Lower, but chiefly in that of LTpper, Belfast, union
and county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 4
miles (E. by S.) from Antrim, and on the road from
Belfast to Londonderry ; containing 3559 inhabitants,
of whom 194 are in the village. This place is said to
have derived its name from a preceptory of Knights
Templars established here at a very early period ; but of
its foundation or its history nothing is recorded. The
whole parish, in form nearly triangular, and comprising
also within its limits the ancient parishes of Carn
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r E M V
Graneyor Grame, Ballyrobert, and Umgall, was granted
ill the reign of James I. to Sir Arthur Cliichcster, and
afterwards to Roger Norton, At the hamlet o( Duitudnj,
or Dunelhtri;, "the Middle Fortress," one mile from
Templcpatriek, a sharp action took place in 1648 be-
tween the English and Scotch forces, in which the cele-
brated Owen O'Conolly, who commanded the former,
was mortally wounded.
The PARISH comprises 13,26l| statute acres, a con-
siderable portion of which is mountain land, though
affording good pasturage for sheep ; there is but a small
tract of bog, scarcely yielding suflRcient fuel for the use
of the inhabitants. The system of agriculture is be-
ginning to improve under the auspices of Lord Temple-
town, the proprietor, who has subdivided the larger
townlands ; increased the size of the farms ; drained
and brought into cultivation great quantities of waste
land ; laid out the whole valley from Castle Upton to
the Si.\-mile-water as lawn and pasture ground, upon
which large numbers of cattle are fed ; planted a great
number of trees and whitethorn hedges ; and made many
other improvements. Near the village, which contains
49 houses and has a receiving-house for letters under
Antrim, is the venerable mansion of Castle Upton,
formerly called Norton Castle, after Sir Robert Norton,
by whom it was founded in the reign of Elizabeth : it
occupies the site of the ancient preceptory, and is in the
castellated style of architecture. The weaving of linen
and calico, and the making of hosiery, are carried on in
several of the farmhouses ; and in and near the village
are extensive lime-works, supplied with limestone raised
on the spot : there are also numerous quarries of ba-
saltic stone, which is obtained in abundance. Two or
three fairs are held annually in the parish ; and two of
the largest in the county are held on its borders, one at
Park Gate, a mile to the north, and the other at Old-
stone, two miles to the west. This parish appears to
have been one of the earliest Presbyterian settlements
in Ireland : on the introduction of a Scottish colony
into Ulster, Josias Welsh, grandson of the Scottish re-
former John Knox, is said to have obtained possession
of the church, from which he was ejected in 1631 by
the Bishop of Down and Connor, fornonconformity ; he
was, however, reinstated by Archbishop Ussher, and
died in 1634. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Connor, and in the patronage of the Marquess of
Donegal, in whom the rectory is impropriate : the tithe
rent-charge is £273. 15., of which £52. 10. are payable
to the impropriator, and the remainder to the \ icar.
There was no church of the Establishment from the
time of the Reformation till the year 182", when the
present church, a small edifice with a tower at the west
end, was erected on an elevated site, at an expense of
£830 British, a gift from the late Board of First Fruits.
At Lyle Hill is a place of worship for Presbyterians in
connexion with the General Assembly ; and in the vil-
lage, one in connexion with the Remonstrant Synod.
Of the ancient preceptory nothing remains, except
what is included within the walls of Castle Upton (the
crypt under which is in a perfect state, and the finely
groined roof in good preservation), and the cemetery of
the Temple church, in which are the tomb of the Rev.
Josias Welsh, and the mausoleum of the Upton family.
In a field at a short distance from the road to Antrim
is Cairn Graine, a remarkably fine monument of anti-
567
quity. It consists of ten large tabular stones, sup-
ported on upright pillars in the manner of a cromlech,
but ranged in a straight line 41 feet in length in a direc-
tion from north-east to south-west ; the stone at the
north-eastern extremity is rather low, and every suc-
ceeding one increases in elevation towards the south-
western extremity, where the tabular stone is of very
large dimensions and supported on five upright pillars.
Various conjectures have been entertained as to the
origin of this interesting relic ; the name literally im-
plies " the Heap of the Sun." Not far from this is one
of the mounds or forts so frequently found in Ireland ;
it appears to have been very exteii.-ive and of great ele-
vation, but has been much diminished and disfigured by
the removal of the sand, of which, intermixed with com-
mon field stones, it was originally formed. Near Dun-
adry is a very perfect circle of large stones, and there
are several other raths in the parish. This place gives
the titles of Viscount and Baron Templetown to the
Upton family.
TEMPLEPATRICK, county of Westmeath.— See
MOYVORE.
TEMPLEPETER, a parish, in the barony of Forth,
union and county of Carlow, and province of Leinster.
5 miles (S. E. by S.) from Carlow, on the road to Fen-
nagh, and on the river Burrcn j containing 317 inhabit-
ants, and comprising 1045 statute acres. Granite is
plentiful, and the state of agriculture is improving. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, and in the
patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£46. 7. 6. ; there is neither glebe nor glebe-house. The
Protestant inhabitants attend divine service in the parish
church of Dunleckney. In the Roman Catholic divisions
Templepeter is part of the district of Dunleckney. The
ruins of the church remain.
TEMPLEPLACE, a village, in the parish of Donagh-
CUMPER, union of Celbridge, barony of South Salt.
county of Kildare, and province of Leinster ; con-
taining 49 houses, and 279 inhabitants.
TEMPLEPORT, a parish, in the union of Ennis-
KiLLEN, barony of Tlllaghagh, county of Cavan, and
province of Ulster, 7^ miles (N. W.) from Killeshandra,
and on the road from Ballyconnel to Swanlinbar ; con-
taining 12,100 inhabitants. This parish, which is situ-
ated on the confines of the county of Leitrim, comprises
42,172 statute acres, whereof 1532| are water. It con-
tains no less than eight lakes : in the lake of Temple-
port is an island called Inch, on which are the pic-
turesque ruins of an abbey founded by St. Maedoc, or
Maodhoy, in the 6th century ; attached to it is a ceme-
tery still used. At Kilnavat are also the remains of an
ancient monastery, of which there are no particulars on
record, with an extensive burial-place still in use. The
principal seats are Brackley Lodge, Corville, and Lis-
nover. Fairs are held at Bally macgaurau on May 23rd.
Aug. 12th, and Nov. 23rd, which last is noted for fat-
cattle.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese ot
Kilmore, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; it was
formerly united to the vicarage of Drumreilly, from
which it was separated in 1S35, on the decease of Dr.
Bushe, by act of council, upon the recommendation of
the Plurahties' Commissioners. The tithe rent-charge
is £207. 19. 6. The glebe-house was built in 1775, at
an expense of £1 165. 4. ; there are two glebes ; one of
TEMP
50 acres ; the other, formerly belonging to the parish of
Drunireilly, comprising 195 acres. The church, a very
neat edifice, beautifully situated on the margin of the
lake, and for the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners recently granted £]'Z0, was erected in
1815, the late Board of First Fruits granting a loan of
£1500. The Roman Catholic parish is coextensive
with that of the Established Church, and is divided into
Upper and Lower Templeport ; in the former are three
chapels, and in the latter one.
TEMPLEQUINLAN, a parish, in the union of Ban-
Dox, partly in the Eastern division of the barony of
East Carbery, but chiefly in the barony of Ibane and
Barryroe, county of Cork, and province of Munster,
3 miles (E.) from Clonakilty, on the road to Timoleague,
and on the Arigadeen river; containing 1'247 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 2969 statute acres : the land is
generally good ; the soil, though light, being very pro-
ductive. But agriculture as a system is altogether un-
known ; the old heavy wooden plough is still used, and
much of the land is cultivated by spade labour. The
weaving of coarse linen-cloth is carried on in the parish.
At Ballinaroher are mills propelled by the waters of the
Arigadeen, where 6000 barrels of flour are annually
ground, chiefly for England. There are several large
and very neat houses, the principal of which is Castle-
view. The living, lately suppressed, was a vicarage, in
the diocese of Ross, and in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the rectory is impropriate in the Duke of Devonshire.
The tithe rent-charge is £43. 10., payable to the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners : there is neither church, glebe,
nor glebe- house. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Clonakilty. The
remains of the church stand on a gentle eminence, and
the burial-place is still used by persons from a con-
siderable distance ; in it are the vaults of the Allen
family, to whom some extensive tracts of land were
granted by Cromwell in 1658. The ruins of Ballin-
aroher Castle are situated on the south bank of the
river ; it appears to have been erected to protect the old
ford here, which was the only pass between Bandon and
the entire south-western part of this country. Here was
formerly a good family residence of the M'^Carthvs.
TEMPLEREE, Tipperary.— See Templeerry.
TEMPLEROAN, also called Shanballymore, a
parish, in the union of Mallow, barony of Fermoy',
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 2^ miles
(E.) from Doneraile, and on the road from Mallow to
Mitchelstown ; containing 1802 inhabitants. It is situ-
ated on the river Awbeg, by which it is bounded on the
south-west i and comprises 3866 statute acres. The
land is of medium quality, and chiefly under tillage;
the system of agriculture has of late years been much
improved, the gentry having introduced the drill system,
which the smaller farmers are gradually adopting. On
CJraig mountain are about 450 acres of reclaimable land,
at present affording only coarse pasturage : limestone
abounds, and is quarried both for building and agricul-
tural purposes ; at Graig are some indications of coal.
The river Awbeg, the scenery of which is very interest-
ing, is at Ballyuamona crossed by a neat bridge, close
to which is a police barrack : a large flour- mill is pro-
pelled by this river, and is capable of producing annu-
ally about 12,000 barrels of flour. The seats are, Graig,
beautifully situated on a gentle declivity in the midst of
568
TEMP
an extensive and highly improved demesne ; Shanbally ;
Old Town, in a retired situation on the north-eastern
bank of the river ; Clogher ; and Ballynamona, the an-
cient residence of the Nagle family. The manor of
Doneraile extends over the townland of Ballynamona.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne, united
by act of council to the perpetual curacy of Doneraile,
and in the gift of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is
£273. 16. 2. ; and the incumbent, as curate of Doneraile,
receives from the impropriator of that parish a stipend
of £13. 6. 8., late currency. The church of the union
is in the town of Doneraile. In the Roman Catholic
divisions, also, the parish forms part of the union or
district of Doneraile ; the chapel at Shanballymore is a
plain cruciform building. On the Clogher estate, which
once belonged to the celebrated Edmund Burke, was an
ancient and strongly fortified castle, called Shanogh, of
which some vestiges of the foundations may still be
traced ; and attached to the mansion of Ballynamona is
the venerable ruined castle of that name, said to have
been originally built by the Nagle family in the reign of
King John : it now consists chiefly of a square tower,
richly mantled with ivy, and forming an extremely in-
teresting object. Of the castle of Shanballymore, not a
vestige exists. In the burial-ground are the ivied ruins
of the church ; it has been for centuries the burial-place
of the Nagle family.
TEMPLEROBIN, Cork.— See Great Island.
TEMPLESCOBIN, a parish, in the union of Ennis-
corthy, barony of Bantry, county of Wexford, and
province of Leinster, 1^ mile (W. by S.) from Ennis-
corthy, on the road to New Ross ; containing 495 in-
habitants. This place derives its name from its patron
saint, St. Busc or Bosc : in old records it is denomi-
nated " the Church of St. Busc, alias Tamplescobe ;"
Bosc, by a transposition of letters, being made Scab. The
parish was a rectory from time immemorial, and a sepa-
rate parish in itself. By an inquisition made in the reign
of Elizabeth, 1577, it appears that Templescobin was
one of the parishes at that time appended to the nunnery
of Timolin ; but soon afterwards, when the nunnery was
dissolved, Templescobin was again made a separate parish.
At length, however, it became united to Rossdroit ; and
for a reason not difficult to discover. About I6l 1, " some
of the numerous churches," says Archdall, " established
in the old prevalent times of popery might have begun to
go into decay." To such decay, the civil wars which suc-
ceeded, and the gradual increase of the Protestant in-
terests, no doubt contributed much ; for " in the time of
James II.," Archdall adds, " one church only served, in
many places, the purpose in common of two or three
parishes." In any part of this period, after l6l 1, the
parishes of Templescobin and Rossdroit might have be-
come episcopally united ; and the conjecture as to the
time is confirmed by a statement in the Royal Visita-
tion Book, in the Prerogative office, namely, " Temple-
scobin united to Rossdroit, I6l5." This union of the
parishes continued until 1 806, when a separation took
place. An inquisition in the 33rd of Elizabeth, 1591,
" finds the rectories of Rossdroit and Templescobe
respectively of the annual value of 4«. and 10s. sterling :"
the superiority in value of Templescobin above Ross-
droit at that time (the latter parish being vastly larger
than the former) may be partly accounted for from
there having been, according to tradition, a town in
T E M P
'1' E M P
Templescobin, situated on the farm now held by Mr.
Furlong. This tradition is confirmed by the discovery,
not many years ago, of planed beams, seemingly belong-
ing to large warehouses ; and as St. Busc was very
famous, the town was probably populous and rich ;
which would add much to the value of the parish in
those early times.
The PARISH, which is bounded on the north by the
river Urrin, comprises 1*07^ statute acres, chiefly under
tillage. The soil is in some parts shingly, and in others
loamy and inclining to a yellowish clay ; the state of
agriculture is improving, and there is but a very small
portion of bog or waste land. Good stone of an argil-
laceous slaty kind is quarried for building; and at
Clohass the manufacture of coarse pottery-ware and
tiles is carried on to some extent. The principal seats
are Dunsinane, Verona, and Clohass. In 1806, the
townlands of Clohass, Scobin, and Jamestown were
separated from the parish of Rossdroit, and constituted
a distinct parish under the name of Templescobin. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the
patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is about
£100. The church is a small neat edifice, in the later
English style, with a handsome square tower surmounted
by angular turrets ; it was completed in 1S1~, by aid of
a gift of £800 from the Board of First Fruits, and the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners have since granted £158
for its repair. There was formerly a good glebe, which
adjoined, on the western side, what now constitutes the
village of Scoby ; but its boundaries were destroyed in
the civil commotions of the country, and the glebe be-
came lost. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is within the district of Davidstown. The old church
and churchyard were situated on the side of the road to
Ross ; and some parts of the walls of the church were
standing in ISO* ; but as the limits of the churchyard
had long previously become undefined and it had ceased
to be a burial place in consequence of having been pro-
faned, a new site for the church was obtained, and every
vestige of the former one was soon swept entirely away.
The Rev. "Fhomas Cranfield, author of a Harmony of the
Gospels \\h\c\i obtained a college premium, is the present
rector of the parish.
TEMPLESHAXBO, a parish, in the union of En-
NiscoRTHv, barony of Scarawalsh, county of Wex-
ford, and province of Leinster, 6 miles (N. W.) from
Enniscorthy, and on the road by Scollagh Gap to
Carlow ; containing 8990 inhabitants. This parish,
which is bounded on the north-east by the river Slaney
and on the west by Mount Leinster, is by far the largest
in the county ; comprising 75 townlands extending over
an area of 3'2,545^ statute acres, inclusive of three
townlands of which the tithe rent-charge is allotted for
the support of the perpetual curate of Monart, whose
ecclesiastii al district comprises a large portion of this
parish. The surface is boldly undulated in every part,
and, on the borders of the county of Carlow, rises into
a chain of mountains, of which the most remarkable is
Mount Leinster. About one-seventh of the entire sur-
face consists of mountain, and the whole of the re-
mainder of arable or pasture land, but chiefly the former ;
the soil varies from a light shingly character to a stiff
clay. Limestcuie- gravel is found on the banks of the
Slaney, and marl in various places ; both are used for
manure, and the state of agriculture is gradually im-
VoL. II.— 569
proving. At the foot of Mount Leinster is an extensive
bog, from which the surrounding country is supplied
with fuel ; on the side of the mountain, granite of a
superior quality is procured in great abundance for
building : there are also some quarries of good slate.
Fairs are held at Mockhurry, or Mohurry, on June '.ind
and Oct. 'i6th. Among the seats are, Killoughram
Forest, the residence of the Phaire family, which derives
its name from an extensive plantation of oaks, com-
prising about l'>00 statute acres ; Ballychrystal, roman-
tically situated on the mountainous confines of the
county of Carlow ; and Templeshanbo Glebe, in a re-
tired and wild situation near Mount Leinster. Several
other seats are noticed under the head of Monart.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Ferns, consolidated in 1724, and constituting the corps
of the precentorship in the cathedral of Ferns, and in
the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£900, and there is a glebe of 26 acres ; the glebe-house
is a handsome mansion, erected in 1829. The church,
a neat edifice in the later English style, with an embat-
tled tower crowned with crocketed pinnacles, was built
in 1815, at an expense of £1 150, of which £1000 were
a loan from the Board of First Fruits ; it was enlarged
in 1826, by aid of a loan of £300 from the same Board,
and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted
£352 for its further improvement. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish is partly in the district of
Newtownbarry, but chiefly in that of Ballindaggin ;
and contains six chapels, of which those of Marshals-
town and Castledockril are in the former, and those of
Ballindaggin, Caim, Newtown, and Kiltcaly, in the
latter, district. A school on Erasmus Smith's founda-
tion was established in 1815, when a school-house was
built by the trustees ; and, in 1829, a wing containing
a schoolroom for girls was added by the rector. The
lands of Whelagore are charged with the payment of
£10 (late currency) per annum to the poor of the
parish. According to Ware, a convent of the order
of St. Augustine was founded at Seaubotha, of which
Colman O'Fiachrah was patron in the 6th century ; in
the churchyard are remains of a religious house.
TEMPLESHANNON, a parish, in the union of
Enniscorthy, partly iu the barony of Scarawalsh,
but chiefly in the barony of Ballaghkeen, county of
Wexford, and province of Leinster ; containing, with
a part of the town of Enniscorthy, 3232 inhabitants.
It is situated on the eastern bank of the river Slaney,
along which it extends in a north-eastern direction about
two miles from the town, with the main body of which
it is connected by the bridge ; the parish is bounded on
the north and east by the small river Blackwater, and
within its limits is the mount called Vinegar Hill, one
of the principal stations of the insurgents during the
disturbances of 1798. (See Enniscorthy.) It com-
prises 49h2| statute acres, and is chiefly in tillage, but
there is a good deal of pasture on the sides of Vinegar
Hill i the soil is productive, and the state of agriculture
improving. Building-stone is found at Clonhaston and
Drumgoold ; and a few years since, some fine specimens
of plumbago were discovered at Grenville. At the foot
of VinegarHill is " Shiell's Well," so remarkable for the
purity of its water as to have obtained the designation
of the " liquid diamond :" from this source the inha-
bitants of the town are supphed, by pipes laid along the
4D
TEMP
bridge, and conducted to several public conduits. The
projected canal from Pooldarragh to Enniscorthy was to
pass through the southern part of the parish. There is
a brewery in the suburbs of the town, and another at
Drumgoold about half a mile distant. The parish is in
the diocese of Ferns, and is a rectory, forming part of
the union of St. Mary's, Enniscorthy ; the tithe rent-
charge is £35'2. 11. 8., and there is a glebe of 23 acres :
the glebe-house, and the school on Erasmus Smith's
foundation built on the glebe, are noticed under the
head of Enniscorthy. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is partly in the district of Enniscorthy ; the
remainder is in that of Monageer. There is a meeting-
house for the Society of Friends near the North quay.
According to Colgan, the church, now in ruins, was
founded by St. Senan, a coteraporary of Maidoc, bishop
of Ferns. At Moatabeg, on the border of the parish, is
a tumulus of great antiquity, and in a very perfect state ;
it is supposed to have been constructed at a period prior
to the irruptions of the Danes.
TEMPLETENNY, a parish, in the union of Clo-
GHEEN, barony of Iffa and Offa 'West, county of
TippERARY, and province of Munster, 4 miles (S. W.)
from Clogheen, and on the road from Ballyporeen to
Mitchelstown ; containing, with Ballyporeen, 6907 in-
habitants. It comprises 18,1S'2 statute acres, of which
about '240 are woodland, 3800 waste and bog, and the
remainder arable and pasture. The surface is moun-
tainous, but the lower lands are of good quality, and in
a state of profitable cultivation; limestone is abundant,
and is quarried for agricultural purposes. The scenery
is boldly varied, and there are two woods of consider-
able extent, the property of Lord Kingston. The pro-
jected Wexford and Valentia railway was intended to
run from east to west through this parish, passing close
to Ballyporeen and on to Mitchelstown. Templetenny
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, forming part of
the union of Shanrahan ; the rectory is impropriate
in CiBsar Sutton, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge is
£445. 19., of which £307. 10. are payable to the impro-
priator, and the remainder to the vicar. The church, a
neat edifice situated in the village of Ballyporeen, was
built in 1827 by a gift of £900 from the Board of First
Fruits : there are some remains of the old church, the
burial-place of which is still used. The Roman Ca-
tholic parish is co-extensive with that of the Established
Church, and is called Ballyporeen, where the chapel is
situated.
On the townland of Coolagarranroe, near the road
from Mitchelstown to Cahir, about six miles from the
former and seven from the latter place, are the Kings-
ton CAVERNS, which, though in this parish, are some-
times called the Mitchelstown caverns, from the parties
visiting them usually making that town their head-quar-
ters. These extraordinary and magnificent caverns were
discovered in 1833, while quarrying the limestone hill
on the farm of a tenant of Lord Kingston, named Gor-
man, to whom his lordship confided the charge of pre-
serving them from injury, and of acting as guide. The
entrance is from the quarry by a slanting passage 50
feet long, terminating at the edge of a precipice, from
•which is a descent of 20 feet by a ladder to a second
sloping passage, 100 feet in length, and greatly ob-
structed by scattered masses of rugged rock ; this pas-
sage leads into an area about 70 or 80 feet in diameter,
570
TEMP
and 30 feet high. From the area are various galleries
or passages leading into other chambers of various di-
mensions, of which at present 15 have been explored;
of these, the principal are called the House of Commons,
the House of Peers, O'Leary's Cave, O'Callaghan's Cave,
Kingsborough Hall, the Altar Cave, the Closets, the
Cellar, and the Garret. The stalactites depending from
the roof of several of these caverns are exceedingly
beautiful, assuming every variety of form and every
gradation of colour; in some places uniting with the
stalagmites rising from the floors, and forming columns
of spar ; and in others spreading into thin transparent
surfaces, resembling elegant drapery disposed in the
most graceful folds. In some of the chambers the sta-
lagmites rise in the form of massive pyramids, orna-
mented at the base with successive tiers of crystalli-
zations of the most fanciful forms ; and in others in
columns resembling those of the Giants' Causeway. In
several places are small pools of limpid water between
large masses of rock. The whole cavern, including the
various chambers, is from "00 to SOO feet in length, and
about 570 in breadth ; and the depression of the lowest
chamber beneath the level of the entrance, is about 50
feet : the limestone hill in which it is situated has an
elevation of 100 feet above the level of the road.
TEMPLETHAY, Templethiry, or Temple-Etny,
a parish, in the union of Clonmel, barony of Iffa and
Offa East, county of Tipperary, and province of
Munster, 4^ miles (N. E.) from Clonmel ; containing
1500 inhabitants. This parish comprises 6677 statute
acres. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, form-
ing part of the union of Kilcash ; the rectory is impro-
priate in the Marquess of Ormonde, and the tithe rent-
charge is £162. 13., of which £90 are payable to the
impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. About
150 children are taught in a public school, for which a
spacious and handsome building was erected at an ex-
pense of £1500, of which £1100 were contributed by
the Marquess of Ormonde.
TEMPLETOGHER, a parish, in the union of
Castlerea, barony of Ballymoe, county of Galway,
and province of Connaught, 5 miles (W.) from Bally-
moe ; containing 4976 inhabitants. It is situated on
the confines of the counties of Mayo and Roscommon,
and comprises 13,705f statute acres, the greater part of
which consists of reclaimable bog and mountain ; within
its limits are about 20 acres of woodland, some quarries
of good limestone, and a fine trout-stream which propels
two oatmeal-mills. A market for corn is held on Tues-
day at Kelmalag, where also fairs are held on Easter-
Monday and Whit- Monday ; and petty-sessions are held
weekly at Williamstown, where, and also at Kelmalag,
is a station of the constabulary police : at 'Williamstown
is a comfortable hotel. The scats are Beahagh, Gurtane,
and Springfield, which last is beautifully planted. The
parish is in the diocese of Tuam, and is a rectory and
vicarage, forming part of the union of Kiltullagh : the
tithe rent-charge is £90. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is part of the district of Boyanagh, also
called Glanamada : there are chapels at Kelmalag and
■Williamstown ; the site for the latter, and £50 towards
its erection, were given by 'William M'^Dermott, Esq.,
who also gave six acres of land for the use of the
priest, on which a neat house has been erected. Near
Springfield is a spring impregnated with sulphur.
E M P
T K M P
TEMPLETOUHY, a parish, in the union of
Thurles, barony of Ikerrin, county of Th'perary,
and province of Munsteu, 4 miles (E. S. !•;.) from Tem-
plemore, on the road, by Johnstown, to Kilkenny ; con-
taining 3194 inhabitants, of whom 393 are in the villaije.
This parish, which is separated from the parish of Cal-
labeg by a small stream which also separates the baro-
nies of Ikerrin and Eliogarty, comprises 8461 statute
acres. The land is generally of good quality, and prin-
cipally under tillage ; there is a large portion of bog,
which might be very easily reclaimed. Cranagh is a
handsome mansion, attached to a circular tower in the
rear, the remains of a very ancient castle. The village
has lately been much improved, and several new houses
built : a receiving-house for letters under Teniplemore
has been established ; and a constabulary police force
stationed there. The living is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Cashel, united to the rectory of Calla-
beg, together forming the corps of the prebend of Kil-
bragh in the cathedral of Cashel, and in the patronage
of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£376. 'i. 6., and the gross rent-charge of the benefice
£563 : the glebe consi.sts of 14 acres, and there is a
glebe-house, built by the present incumbent, the Rev.
M. N. Thompson. The church is situated in the village
of Templetouhy. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Moyne ; the chapel,
a neat building, is in the village. There are remains of
several old castles in the parish.
TEMPLETOWN, or Kilcloghan, a parish, in the
union of New Ross, barony of Shelburne, county of
Wexkord, and province of Leinster, 1 mile (S. W.)
from Fethard, on the road from that place to New Ross,
by Duncannon Fort ; containing 14'26 inhabitants. The
place probably derived its name from a preceptory of
Knights Templars founded here in the reign of King
John by one of the O'More family, and on the suppres-
sion of that order in the reign of Edward II. converted
into a commandery of Knights Hospitallers, of which,
in 13'26, Fitz David was the chief. The parish com-
prises 4156| statute acres, chiefly under tillage; the
soil is loamy, and the state of agriculture has within
the last few years been much improved. The principal
residence is Ballystraw, a neat villa pleasantly situated.
Templetown is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of
Ferns, forming part of the union of Hook ; the rectory
is impropriate in the Marquess of Ely, to whom the
tithe rent-charge, amounting to £9'2. 18., is wholly pay-
able. The church, which was built in 1S28, partly by
a gift of £100 from the Board of First Fruits, is a neat
edifice, connected by a corridor with the tower of Tem-
pletown, the only remains of the ancient church of the
Templars, in conformity with which it is in the early
English style. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is in the district of Hook ; there is a chapel at
Templetown. Besides the remains of the Templars'
church, are those of the castle of Kilcloghan, supposed
to be of equal antiquity.
TEMPLETRINE, a parish, partly in the Western
division of the barony of East Carbery, but chiefly
in the barony of Colrceys, union of Ki.nsale, county
of Cork, and province of Munster, 4 miles (W. S. \V.)
from Kinsale ; containing ^149 inhabitants. This
parish, which is situated on the southern coast, on the
western side of the Old Head of Kinsale, and near the
571
entrance to the bay of Kilbrittain, comprises 48*4
statute acres. In the western part are three tracts of
land, called Boggestown, Rochestown, and Hackets-
town, containing respectively 100, '200, and 300 acres
each J they extend in parallel directions to the sea, and
were granted by Cromwell to the several parties whose
names they still bear. The surface of the parish is
very uneven, rising in some parts into considerable
eminences ; about 150 acres are woodland, 100 waste,
and 50 bog, and of the remainder the principal part is
under tillage. The soil is fertile, and the system of
agriculture has been greatly improved under the auspices
of the resident gentry and principal farmers, who have
introduced the Scottish mode of husbandry : there are
some quarries of excellent slate, but very indifferently
worked ; and also of a soft shaly schist, which is raised
for repairing the roads and for inferior buildings. The
principal seats are, Garretstown, a handsome house in
beautiful grounds laid out in terraces, gardens, and
shrubberies, with extensive plantations ; Kilmore ; and
Knockanroe. The population are occasionally employed
in the fisheries off the coast.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cork, and in
the patronage of T. C. Kearney, Esq. : the tithe rent-
charge is £357. 15. The glebe-house was built in IS'21,
on which occasion the late Board of First Fruits con-
tributed £100 and a loan of £8'25 ; the glebe com-
prises 28 acres of good land. The church, a very neat
edifice in the early English style, with a square tower,
situated on the summit of a hill and forming a con-
spicuous feature in the landscape, was erected in 182),
at an expense of £900, and a gift from the late Board.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head
of a district, called sometimes Coureeys, and comprising
the parishes of Templetrine, Ringrone, and Kilroan ;
there are two chapels in the district. The parochial
schools, near the church, consist of a centre, serving as
a residence for the master, and two wings used as the
school-rooms, built in 1822, partly by a grant from the
Lord-Lieutenant's fund and partly by the rector. The
late Thomas Rochford, Esq., of Garretstown, bequeathed
£1000 to the poor of Coureeys barony; this parish
participates in the annual distribution made according
to his will. Near Garretstown is a chalybeate saline
spring ; and in the mansion, is preserved the collar of
gold given by Queen Elizabeth to one of the Roche
family, while he was mayor of Cork, which relic has
descended with the estate to Mr. Kearney. In the
western portion of the parish are the ruins of the
ancient church of Crohane, which, prior to the Reform-
ation, belonged to the abbey of Tiraoleague ; and be-
tsveen the church of this parish and Ballinspittle is a
very extensive fort, with a treble rampart and intrench-
ments in a perfect state, where the Danes are said to
have been first defeated by the Irish.
TEMPLEUDIGAN, or St. Peters, a parish, in the
union of New Ross, barony of Bantry, county of
Wexford, and province of Lei.nster, 5^ miles (N. E.)
from New Ross, on the road to Newtownbarry ; con-
taining 2151 inhabitants. This parish is bounded on
the west by the White mountain, which separates it
from the county of Carlow : it comprises 8177i statute
acres, chiefly under tillage, and the state of agriculture
has been latterly improved. The surface is g:enerally
uneven, and, on the confines of Carlow, rises into the
4D2
TEMP
commencement of a chain of mountains which for about
VZ miles forms the boundary between that county and
Wexford. In the north-eastern part of the parish is
Coolbawn, the seat of Francis Bruen, Esq., a splendid
mansion in the later English style, erected a few years
since after a design by INIr. Frederick Darley, Jun. ; it
is finished with fine white granite procured un the
neighbouring mountains, and forms a striking feature
in the scenery. At Ballywilliam is a station of the
constabulary police. The living is a perpetual curacy,
in the diocese of Ferns, endowed with the vicarial tithes,
and in the patronage of the Incumbent of the union of
New Ross, of which this parish was formerly a part ;
the rectory is impropriate in Eneas M''Donnell, Esq.,
Edward Lewis, Esq., and Dr. O'Reardon. The tithe
rent-charge is £'294. 13., of which £141. 9. 6. are pay-
able in equal portions to the impropriators, and the
remainder to the curate : there is neither glebe nor
glebe-house. The church, a small plain edifice, was
commenced in 1808, the Board of First Fruits giving
£600 for its erection ; and the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners lately granted £308 for its repair and improve-
ment. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Killegney, and contains a
neat chapel. On White mountain, near the border of
the parish, is an ancient cairn or cromlech.
TEMPLEUSQUE, a parish, in the barony of Bar-
RYMORE, union and county of Cork, and province of
MuNSTER, 5^ miles (N.) from Cork, on the road to
Dublin : containing 14'29 inhabitants. This parish,
which is intersected by the river Glanmire, comprises
4602 statute acres. The surface is hilly, and the soil
light and shallow land, under which is a brown unpro-
fitable clay ; yet by good management and the use of
sea-sand as manure, the crops equal those of better
lands. The parish is principally under tillage, and there
are some dairy-farms of about 20 cows each, which
supply butter for the Cork market. The system of
agriculture is in general defective on the smaller farms ;
but great improvement has been made on the lands of
Mr. Cremen, who has practised irrigation with success,
and embellished the lands in his immediate vicinity
with thriving plantations. The principal seats are,
Riverstown, a handsome seat, formerly the residence of
the celebrated Peter Browne, and also of Dr. Jemmett
Browne, Bishops of Cork ; Sarsfield, an ancient man-
sion, once belonging to that family but now to Mr.
Rutland, of Dublin, commanding an extensive and beau-
tiful view down the vale of Glanmire and the opposite
bank of the river Lee ; and Woodview, the residence of
Mr. Cremen. Within the limits of the parish are the
Sallybrook paper-mills ; and the woollen manufacture is
capable of affording employment to nearly 200 persons ;
there are also some extensive bleach-greens and spin-
ning-mills. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of
Cork, forming part of the union and corps of the pre-
bend of KillaspigmuUane in the cathedral of St. Finbarr,
Cork, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £225. The Protestant parishioners attend
divine service at the church of Ballydelahor. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Glanmire. Nearly adjoining the Dublin road
are situated the ruins of a very ancient castle ; and
about two miles distant stand those of the parish church
of Templeusque.
.572
TERM
TEMPO, a post-town, in that part of the parish of
Enniskillen which is in the barony of T\rken-
NEDY, union of Enniskillen, county of Ferm.\nagh,
and province of Ulster, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from Ennis-
killen, on the road to Five-mile-town, and S65 miles
(E. N. E.) from Dublin ; containing 422 inhabitants. It
has a receiving-house for letters under Enniskillen ;
is a station of the constabulary police ; has a market on
Wednesday for butter ; and a fair on the 28th of each
month. Here is a chapel of ease to the parochial
church at Enniskillen ; also the Roman Catholic chapel
giving name to the district, which comprises the greater
part of the parish of Enniskillen, and three townlands
of Aughavea : it is a neat structure, erected in 1826.
A meeting-house for Wesleyan Methodists has been re-
cently completed ; and a dispensary established.
TERELA.— See Tyrella.
TERMONAMUNGAN, a parish, in the union of
Castlederg, barony of Omagh, county of Tyrone,
and province of Ulster, 4 miles (S. W.) from Castle-
derg, on the road to Pettigoe ; containing 7253 inhabit-
ants. This parish, which is situated on the river Derg,
and bounded on the south by the Longfield mountains,
comprises 45,399 statute acres, of which 288 are water.
The surface is mountainous, and interspersed with
several small lakes ; not more than one-fourth of the
land is in cultivation, but the mountains afford good
pasturage for cattle. Limestone, freestone, whinstone,
and grauwacke are found in the valleys ; and in some
parts are indications of coal. The scenery is beautifully
diversified ; but the whole parish is deeply secluded,
and there are few gentlemen's seats : the principal are
Derg Lodge, the residence of Sir R. A. Ferguson, Bart. ;
Lisnacloon ; and Woodside. Several new lines of road
have been opened, and others are in progress which
will greatly improve the district. Fairs are held in the
small village of Killeter, on the 21st of every month;
and a constabulary police force is stationed there. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and in the
patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£328. 17., and the glebe comprises 20 acres, valued at
£10 per annum. The church, for the erection of which
the late Board of First Fruits granted a loan of £600,
is a neat small edifice with a bell-turret ; it was built in
1822 on a site near the village, and on the south bank
of the river Derg. The Roman Catholic parish is co-
extensive with that of the Established Church ; the
chapel is at Aughryarn, and there is also an altar in
the open air. Here is a place of viorship for Presby-
terians in connexion with the General Assembly.
TERMONEENY, a parish, in the union of Maghe-
RAFELT, barony of Loughinsholin, county of Lon-
donderry, and province of Ulster, on the road from
Magherafelt to Maghera ; containing 2539 inhabitants.
It is bounded on the south-west partly by the river
Mayola, and comprises 4773 statute acres, of which
about 40 are old plantations. John Bates, Esq., the pro-
prietor of Knockcloghrim, recently planted and improved
about 60 acres with forest-trees and ornamental shrub-
beries, making in all about 100 acres in the parish
under plantation; about 1000 acres are bog, and the
remainder is principally arable, with a moderate pro-
portion of pasture. The land varies greatly in quality.
Around the old church of Mullagh it is extremely fer-
tile, producing abundant crops ; around Knockcloghrim,
TERM
T E 11 M
and surrounding the protruding rocks, the soil is
mostly sharp, warm, and triable, and, being suflicieutly
deep, is the best for the produetion of the staple crops
raised here. Towards the Mayola the red sandstone
appears ; and intermediately between it and the basalt
of the higher lands, the soil is generally of superior
quality. In some parts the soil is indifferent. Knock-
cloghrim is a bold and almost detached rock of basalt,
which rises to a considerable height and is difficult of
access ; it has some indications of the columnar forma-
tion, and is a conspicuous object from every part of the
barony. From Knockcloghrim hill the prospect is one
of the most extensive and splendid in the province, the
point of view being central and at an elevation of about
350 feet, over a vast amphitheatre of from ten to thirty
or forty miles, studded with gentlemen's demesnes,
rivers, lakes, and churches, and extending to or em-
bracing the mountains and other elevated lands of five
different counties. Mr. Bates, as already observed, has
l)lautcd this hill ; and is preparing to clear off the
decayed rocks, so as to exhibit the columnar formations
in some of the most conspicuous parts. The principal
seats are Clover Hill and Knockcloghrim, the latter the
residence of Mr. Bates.
The inhabitants are partly engaged in weaving linen
and calico for the Belfast manufacturers, and in the
manufacture of coarse cloth used for making sacks,
which is an extensive branch of trade in the locality ;
there is a large bleach-green at Brough, where about
8000 pieces of linen are bleached and finished annually.
A sub-post office has been established at Knockcloghrim.
Four townlands of the parish belong to the see of Derry,
and are in the manor of Maghera ; the remaining five
formerly belonged to the Vintners' Company of London,
but are now the property of Sir Robert Bateson, Bart.,
of Belvoir Park, and others, and are in the manor of
Bellaghy. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of
Derry, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £165. The glebe-house was built in
18^2, at a cost of £433, defrayed by the then incum-
bent; the glebe comprises '290 acres, valued at £1.58
per annum. The church was erected in ISOl, and the
Board of First Fruits contributed £554 towards the
cost: previously to 1845, it had fallen into a state of
dilapidation, but it has been put into neat and comfort-
able repair at the joint expense of the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners and Mr. Bates ; the latter has also, at
his sole expense, formed a new entrance and approach
to the edifice. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is partly in the district of Maghera, and partly a
district of itself: there is a chapel at Lammy without
its limits. The Presbyterians have a place of worship ;
and besides the parochial, there is another public
school.
TERMONFECHAN, or Terfechan, a parish, in the
union of Drogbeda, barony of Ferrard, county of
LovTH, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (N. E.)
from Drogheda ; containing 3344 inhabitants, of whom
41'2 are in the village. This place is of very remote
antiquity : the village, though at present comparatively
insignificant, was formerly a town of considerable import-
ance. A monastery was founded in 665, of which, how-
ever, nothing more is recorded than the death of one of
its abbots in 935 ; and a convent for regular nuns was
founded, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, by
573
M'Mahon, whose endowment of it was confirmed by a
bull of Pope Celestin III., in 1 195. The manor anciently
belonged to the see of Armagh, and the archbishops
resided here for three months of the year, in a palace
the remains of which till very recently formed an in-
teresting feature in the village. Primate Dowdall was
interred at Termonfechan in 1543 ; and the last of the
prelates that resided in the palace was the celebrated
Archbishop Ussher, who died in 1612. The parish,
which is situated on the eastern coast, and bounded at
its southern extremity by the river Boyne, which there
discharges itself into the sea, comprises 6382 statute
acres ; about 300 acres, lying immediately along the
shore, are unprofitable land, and the remainder princi-
pally under tillage and in a state of profitable cultiva-
tion. The system of agriculture is progressively im-
proving. There are some good quarries, from which
stone is procured for building, and repairing the roads.
The principal seats are, Cartown, that of the Chester
family, built in 1612; Newtown; Black Hall, of the
Putland family; Rath House; and Ballydonell. The
village of Termonfechan, which has a receiving-house
for letters under Drogheda, was partly rebuilt and
greatly improved by the late Mr. Brabazon, of Rath
House : it now contains 92 houses, most of which are
very neatly built ; a constabulary police force is sta-
tioned there, and petty-sessions are held every second
Wednesday.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Armagh, united from time immemorial to the rectories
and vicarages of Clogher and Maine, and in the patron-
age of the Crown : the tithe rent-charge of the parish
is £324. The glebe-house was built in 1814, at an ex-
pense of £1685 British, of which £100 were a gift, and
£"25 Irish currency a loan, from the late Board of First
Fruits, and the remainder was defrayed by the then
incumbent. There is a glebe of 6i acres in the parish
of Elaine, valued at £9. 16. The church, to the repair
of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently
granted £152, is a neat plain edifice, partly rebuilt in
1792 at the expense of the parish : in the churchyard
is a handsome stone cross ; also a tombstone, dated
1504, inscribed to the memory of Jolien De Pclacio,
subdean of Armagh. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
parish of Beaulieu, and parts of the parishes of Bally-
makenny and Drumshallon ; there are two chapels, one
in the village and one at Sandpit, both small buildings.
In a field at a short distance from the town is a massive
square tower : there were several other small castles in
the vicinity ; about two miles from the town is a square
tower, all that now remains of Glass-Pistol, a castle
formerly belonging to Sir Anthony Brabazon, Bart.
This parish was the residence of Dr. Oliver Plunket,
Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh, who was exe-
cuted at Tvburn for treason.
TERMONMAGUIRKE, or Termonmacnorck, a
parish, in the union of Omagh, partly in the barony of
Strabane, but chiefly in tliat of Omagh, county of
Tyrone, and province of Ulster, 9 miles (S. E.) from
Omagh, on the road to Dungannon ; containing 12,098
inhabitants. This parish, which is situated in a moun-
tainous district, comprises, according to the Ordnance
survey, 41,078a. Ir. 21/). statute measure, of which
1352 J acres are in the baronv of Strabane, and the re-
TERM
TERR
mainder in that of Oniagh : '291^ are water; and
31,S17 are applotted under the Tithe act. The land is
in general of good quality, though there are some ex-
tensive tracts of mountain and bog that cannot be
brought into cultivation : the system of agriculture is
rapidly improving under the auspices of the rector (the
Rev. C. C. Beresford) and Sir Hugh Stewart, Bart.
There is good freestone, with indications of coal in
several parts ; also an extensive range of quartz rock.
Besides the rector, there are two resident landlords.
Sir Hugh Stewart, and Alexander RFCausland, Esq.,
the former of whom has a lodge at Loughmacrory ; the
latter, one at Drumnakilly. The principal lakes are
Loughmacrory and Lough Fingrane : of the mountains,
few have any great elevation ; the highest is Carrick-
more, on which a village, called by the country people
The Rock, is built. Fairs are held there on the last
Friday of every month ; there is also a good weekly
market. A portion of the parish, called The Eighteen
Townlands, belongs to the Archbishoj) of Armagh, who by
his seneschal holds a monthly court for his manor of
Tonnen, at Nine-mile-house, for the recovery of debts
under £10 ; and a court for the manor of Feena is held at
Six-mile-cross, for the recovery of debts under 40s.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Armagh, and in the patronage of the Marquess of
Waterford : the tithes amounted to £803. 1. before the
late heavy deductions. The glebe-house was built in
1815, at an expense of £3600 Irish, of which £100
were a gilt and £1,500 a loan from the Board of First
Fruits ; the remainder was defrayed by the incumbent.
The glebe comprises 1459 acres, valued at £680. 13.
per annum. The parish church is a neat edifice with a
square tower, towards the erection of which, in 1786,
the Board of First Fruits contributed £500. There are
two other churches in the parish, one at Six-mile-cross
and one at Drumnakilly ; four Roman Catholic chapels,
situated respectively at Creggan, Loughmacrory, Ter-
mon-Rock, and Drumduff; and a place of worship for
Presbyterians at Six-mile-cross. About 1200 children
are taught in 10 public schools, of which the parochial
school and several others are supported by the rector,
schools at Loughmacrory and Inisatieve by Sir Hugh
Stewart, and a school at Cloghfin by Colonel Sir W.
Verner ; three are in connexion with the National Board.
There are also several private schools, thirteen Sunday
schools, and a dispensary.
Li the townland of Sluggan, on a mountain close to
the road to Duiigannon, is preserved an ancient bell
called the " Clogh of Termon," much corroded by time,
and said to have been used as the bell of the old parish
church ; there are many traditionary records concerning
it, and it is still occasionally used in cases of solemn
asseveration. Within a gunshot of the rectory grounds,
on the south side, is an isolated hill on which James H.
encamped, when on his flight from Derry in 1689.
Adjoining the village are the picturesque remains of the
old church of Termon, of a date so remote that not even
a tradition of the celebration of public worship in it
exists ; the building appears to have been an elegant
specimen of the decorated English style. The cemetery
is still used by the Roman Catholic parishioners ; near
it is a separate burial-place for children, and within a
quarter of a mile, one exclusively for women. On the
glebe are the remains of a fallen cromlech, a very pic-
574
turesque object, the table-stone of which is entire, and
weighs, by admeasurement, 104 tons : there is a second
one at Loughmacrory, in perfect preservation, but not
of such large dimensions. Several forts also exist in
various parts of the parish.
TERRYGLASS, a parish, in the union of Nenagh,
barony of Lower Ormond, county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, 5 miles (W. N. W.) from Burris-
o -kane, and on the road from Portumna to Nenagh ;
containing 2953 inhabitants. At this place, anciently
called Tirdaglas, " the country of the two greens,"
St. Patrick is said to have baptized several inhabitants
of Thomond, who came across the Shannon to him.
St. Columba, a disciple of St. Finian, founded a monas-
tery here, of which he became the first abbot, about the
middle of the 6th century ; dying of the pestilence in
552, he was interred here, and was succeeded by his
brother, St. Mochoemius. In 801, 1112, and 1162, the
town and abbey were destroyed by accidental fires ; iu
842 they were plundered and destroyed by the Danes,
and in 1140 the whole place was destroyed by the peo-
ple of O'Maney, a small territory around the barony of
Tyaquin, county of Gahvay. Little remains of this cele-
brated seat of learning and religion, of which subse-
quently to 1 162 we find no further historical notice. The
PARISH, which is bounded on the north-west by the
Siiannon, comprises 9762 statute acres. The land is
light, and partly in tillage : about 2000 acres are bog,
whirh might be reclaimed by a canal to the Shannon ;
and 106 acres are woodland, the greater portion of
which, called Killanow Wood, is the property of the
Globe Insurance Company. A flour-mill at Ballinderry,
and one at Carrigahorig, are supplied by two small
rivers. Limestone abounds, and is used principally for
building ; at Castle Biggs, near Lough Derg, is a mar-
ble-quarry of a deep black colour. The gentlemen's
seats are, Castle Biggs, situated in a very neat demesne,
in which is a square tower, commanding an extensive
view of the Shannon and the surrounding country ;
Slevoir ; Ashgrove ; and the glebe-house.
Terryglass is a rectory, vicarage, and perpetual cure,
in the diocese of Killaloe : the rectory, which was lately
suppressed, was in the patronage of the Bishop ; the
vicarage forms part of the corps of the deanery of Kil-
laloe ; and the perpetual cure is in the gift of the Dean.
The tithe rent-charge is £225, of which £150 were
payable to the rector, and the remainder to the vicar :
the income of the perpetual curate is £100, half being
paid by the vicar and the remainder from Primate Boul-
ter's augmentation fund. The glebe- house was erected
by aid of £450 and a loan of £50 from the late Board
of First Fruits, in 1816 ; the glebe comprises 15 acres,
and £450 were given towards reducing the rent to 40s.,
late currency, per acre. The church is a plain building,
erected by aid of £335 from the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Kilbarron, and contains a
chapel. On the shore of Lough Derg are the interest-
ing remains of the castle known by the name of Old
Court Castle : it stood on the acclivity of a rising
ground, and appears to have been a quadrilateral struc-
ture of two stories, with round towers at the angles.
The walls are about five feet thick, and are built with a
considerable batter or inclination to the height of 10 or
12 feet from the foundation, which was laid on the
T E S S
T II O M
surface ; the total absence of chimneys or fire-places,
indicates the great antiquity of the structure, which
exhibits several other peculiarities of a rude age. There
are also considerable remains of the ancient parochial
church.
TERRYRONE, a village, in the parish of Upper
MoviLLE, union and barony of Ennishowen, county
of Donegal, and province of Ulster, 8 miles (N.) from
Londonderry, on the road to Moville ; the population is
returned with the parish. This village was formerly of
some importance, being then inhabited by the farmers
of the adjoining lands on the system of " Rundale ; "
but that system having been broken up by the pro-
prietor, the Earl of Caledon, the farmers now reside on
their respective lands, and the village has in consequence
been almost deserted. Though the land in the vicinity
is in general poor, the state of agriculture has been
lately much improved under the patronage of the noble
proprietor. Here is a school established by Lord Cale-
don, and now in connexion with the National Board ;
the school-house was built at his lordsliip's expense.
TESSARAGH, or Taughsrara, a parish, in the
barony of Athlone, union and county of Roscommon,
and province of Connaugbt, upon the river Suck, and
on the road from Roscommon to Ballinasloe ; contain-
ing, with the post-town of Mount-Talbot {icliich see),
3356 inhabitants. This parish comprises 848'2 statute
acres : the soil is light, and chiefly under tillage ; but
there is a great quantity of bog. Limestone-quarries
of the best description are worked ; the stone is used
as piers for gates, and slabs for chimney-pieces. Fairs
are held at MOunt-Talbot, and petty-sessions at the Four-
Roads on alternate Fridays. The gentlemen's seats are
Mount-Talbot, Bushy Park, and Belgrave. The living
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Elphin, episcopally
united, in 181 1, to the vicarages of Desert and Tagh-
boy, constituting the union of Tessaragh or Mount-
Talbot, in the patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is
impropriate in the Incorporated Society. The tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £77- 6., of which £30. 18. 6.
are payable to the society, and the remainder to the
vicar ; the gross tithe of the benefice of the vicar is
£103. 17. The church is a plain neat Gothic building,
erected in I766 at an expense of £415, a gift from the
late Board of First Fruits ; the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners recently granted £390 for its repairs. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a
district, comprising also part of the parish of Taghboy ;
there is a chapel at the Four-Roads, a small thatched
house in bad repair. Here are some ruins, supposed to
be those of a religious house.
TESSAURAN, a parish, in the union of Parsons-
town, barony of Garrycastle, Kings county, and
province of Leinster, '2 miles (N. by W.) from Cloghan,
on the road to Shannon-Bridge ; containing '20'^lg inha-
bitants. This parish is situated between the river
Shannon and the Greater Brosna river, which latter
runs into the former at its southern extremity : it com-
prises 7316 statute acres of land, of which upwards of
1600 are red bog. Limestone is quarried both for
building and agricultural purposes ; and great facility is
afforded by the Shannon and the Grand Canal for the
conveyance of agricultural produce to Dublin and Li-
merick. Petty-sessions are held on alternate Tuesdays
at Belmont. The seats are Moytown, Belmont, Kil-
575
cummin, and Hunstanton. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the dioce.se of Meath, united by act of
council in 1804 to the vicarage of Farbane, and in the
patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £150, and there is a glebe of 114 acres of pro-
fitable land, valued at £256. 10. per annum ; also a
glebe of '28'2 acres (exclusive of bog) in the parish of
Farbane : the gross value of the benefice, including the
glebes, amounted, before the passing of the Rent-charge
act, to £876. 19. per annum. The glebe-house was
built in 18r2 by the incumbent, at an expense of £'21 19.
The church is a neat edifice, built in I8O6 by aid of a
gift of £500 Irish currency from the late Board of
First Fruits, and enlarged in 1831 by private subscrip-
tion, aided by a loan of £300 British from the same
Board ; on this occasion Colonel L'Estrange contributed
£80. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms
part of the district of Farbane ; the chapel, at High-
street, is a plain building of recent erection. A loan
fund has been established for the benefit of the indus-
trious poor. Of the abbey founded here about the
commencement of the sixth century, and of which St.
Trena was abbot, not a vestige exists. The old church-
yard which for the last two centuries ha.s been the
burial-place of the L'Estrange family, is still used.
THAMPHELIM.— See Killare.
THERANADROMMON.— See Kilnamartry.
THOMASTOWL, a parish, in the union of Eden-
DERRY, barony of East Ophaly, county of Kildare,
and province of Leinster, 3 miles (N. by W.) from
Kildare, on the road to Rathangan ; containing 119
inhabitants, and comprising 853^ statute acres. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Kildare, episcopally
united to the rectories of Dunraauy and Pollardstown,
and in the patronage of the Duke of Leinster : the tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £43. 11., and the gross
tithe of the union £156. 1. The glebe-house was
erected in 1828, by aid of £450 and'^a loan of £120
from the Board of First Fruits, and a gift of £200 from
the Duke of Leinster ; the glebe comprises 6h acres.
The church is a small handsome building in the Gothic
style, erected in 1827 by a gift of £900 from the Board,
and to the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners lately granted £234.
THOMASIOWN, a market and post town (formerly
a parliamentary borough), and a parish, in the barony
of GowRAN, union and county of Kilkenny, and pro-
vince of Leinster; 21 miles (N.) from 'Waterford and
59 (S. S. \V.) from Dublin, on the coach-road to Water-
ford ; containing 2744 inhabitants, of whom 2335 are
in the town, which extends into the parish of Columb-
kill and contains altogether 2348 inhabitants. This
place, situated on the river Nore, and on the southern
border of the county, was anciently called Grenan ; it
took its present name from Thomas Fitz-Anthony
Walsh, seneschal of Leinster, one of the earliest Eng-
lish proprietors in Ireland, who built a castle here, and
made the town a free borough. By the Irish it was
called Bally-Mac-Andon, signifying " Fitz-Anthony's
town ;" and from its situation at the head of the naviga-
ble channel of the Nore, it became at an early period a
place of considerable trade and an important military
station ; it was surrounded w ith walls, and most of its
buildings were castellated. The present town contains
463 houses, most of which are neatly built. Over the
TH O M
river is a handsome stone bridge of five arches, built in
ITQ'i, and having at each end an ancient square tower,
formerly connected with the fortifications by which the
town was surrounded.
A very considerable trade was once carried on, and
the town was the commercial depot for the county of
Kilkenny ; flat-bottomed boats of an aggregate burthen
of 11,000 tons were constantly employed in conveying
goods from the town, besides many others which did
not belong to it. But the river is now choked up with
deposits of sand. Inistioge has become the head of
the navigation of the Nore, and the boats employed on
the river at this place do not exceed an aggregate bur-
then of 150 tons ; the goods are now convej'ed on
Scotch cars by land from Waterford to Kilkenny. The
improvement of the navigation of the Nore would tend
greatly to the revival and extension of the trade of the
town, and to the development of the resources of the
county, which is rich in marble, coal, culm, slate, and
limestone, for which, in addition to the agricultural
produce, it would afford facilities of conveyance to the
neighbouring ports. It has been estimated that the
clearing of the channel of the river, which would open
the navigation from New Ross to this town for flat-
bottomed steam-boats of 70 tons' burthen, might be
accomplished at an expense of £12,000, and would
effect, by a reduction of the charges for freight and
the discontinuance of land-carriage, a saving of at
least £10,000 per annum. There are several large
flour-mills worked by water in the town and its vicinity,
and also two breweries, and a tan-yard. The market-
days are Monday and Saturday ; and fairs are held on
March 17th, May ^Sth, June 29th (a large wool fair),
and September 1.5th.
The inhabitants received a charter of incorporation
from Thomas FitzAnthony, which was confirmed and
extended by Edward III., who, in the 20th of his leign,
granted the " Provost, Bailiffs, and Honest Men of Tho-
raastown" certain customs and tolls for the erection
and repair of the bridge, and, in the 49th of his reign,
further customs, for the purpose of surrounding the
town with walls. Henry VI., in the 28th of his reign,
granted to the burgesses, in consideration of the ex-
penses they had incurred in maintaining the fortifica-
tions, an exemption from all tolls and subsidies for ten
years, except such as were ordered by parliament or
great councils ; and Queen Mary, in the first of her
reign, conferred additional privileges, empowering the
corporation to elect officers and hold courts with juris-
diction ecjual to that of Kilkenny, with markets, fairs,
and other grants. This charter was confirmed and ex-
tended by James I., in the 13th of his reign ; and
though a charter was granted by James II., the former
continued until the passing of the Municipal Corpora-
tions'act to be the governing charter. By it the cor-
poration was to consist of a sovereign, provost, and an
indefinite number of burgesses, assisted by a recorder,
town-clerk, Serjeants at-mace, and other officers. The
sovereign and recorder were to be justices of the peac'e,
and had power to hold a court of record to any amount.
The charter also gave power to return two members to
the Irish parliament, which the corporation continued
to exercise till the Union, when the borough was dis-
franchised. From that period the corporation exercised
few municipal functions j a sovereign, who also acted
576
THO M
as a justice of the peace within the borough, was ap-
pointed, and there were in 1S37 nine burgesses, but no
other officers. In 1840 the inhabitants adopted the act
9th George IV. cap. 82, as far as regards cleansing.
The court of record has been discontinued, and also a
local court with jurisdiction limited to 406-., which was
held by the sovereign till within the last few years.
The quarter- sessions for the county are held here in
January, April, July, and October ; and petty-sessions
every alternate week. A constabulary police force is
stationed in the town. The court-house is a neat
modern building, to which is attached a small bride-
well.
The parish comprises 2042 statute acres ; the land is
of good quality, and in a state of profitable cultivation.
Limestone abounds, and there is an extensive quarry
near the town : in the lower part of the sandstone-hills
is found a kind of stone inclining to jasper ; and not
far from the town is a quarry of light-coloured compact
silicious schistus, which is raised in large flags for
building. The principal seats are, Danj:an Lodge, a
handsome modern house situated in tastefully disposed
grounds ; Coolmore ; and Flood Hall, the residence of
the Flood family. The living is a rectory and vicar-
age, in the diocese of Ossory, united by act of council
in 1803 to the rectories and vicarages of Colunibkill
and Famagh-Church, and in the patronage of the
Bishop; the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £1S6.
The glebe-house, towards the erection of which the late
Board of First Fruits contributed £100 and a loan of
£650, in 1806, is a neat building about a quarter of a
mile from the church; the glebe comprises 1*^ acres,
and the gross value of the whole benefice, before the
passing of the Rent-charge act, was £526 per annum.
The church is a neat structure ; the late Board granted
a loan of £1266 for its erection in 1817, and the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners recently granted £129 for its
repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
the head of a district, comprising also the parishes of
Church-Jerpoint, West-Jerpoint, Columbkill, Kilfane,
TuUowherin, and Killarney, in which union are four
chapels ; the chapel in the town is a handsome edifice
with a spire, and contains the great marble altar re-
moved from the ruins of Jerpoint Abbey. In the vici-
nity of the town are the remains of Grenan Castle ; and
on the river a little below the town, are those of Dysett
Castle, said to have been the birth-place of Berkeley,
the learned bishop of Clogher, who was born in 16h4.
Lagan Castle, near the town, was the residence of the
last abbot of Jerpoint. "There are some remains of the
Dominican abbey of Thomastown, the foundation of
which and its subsequent history are not recorded ;
they consist chiefly of the wall of one of the aisles, in
which are five pointed arches and some windows of
elegant design : there are numerous sepulchral monu-
ments among these ruins, but the most ancient are
greatly mutilated, and no inscriptions are legible ; the
most remarkable has a recumbent figure of a man of
gigantic stature.
THOMASTOWN, a village, in the parish of Relick-
MURRY, union of Casukl, barony of Clanwilliam,
county of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 4i
miles (W.) from Cashel, on the road to Tipperary, and
near the river Suir; containing 139 inhabitants. Tlio-
mastown House, a splendid castellated mansion, is situ-
T II U U
T II U R
atcd ill a noble demesne, comprising upwards of '2000
statute acres, and embellished wifli a profusion of re-
markably fine timber, and two large pieces of water,
supplied from a distance of several miles : the scenery
is of a very pleasing character, the fine range of hills
called the Galtces forming the background. On a part
of the demesne called the Ross, near the small river
Fidachta, is a beautiful cottage, built by the late Earl
of LlandafiF. A constabulary police force is stationed iu
the village. Some remains of the church exist ; it is
the burial-place of the noble family of Matthew.
TIIURLES, a market and post town, a parish, and
the head of a union, in the barony of Eliogakty,
county of TippERARY, and province of Munstkr, 24|-
miles (N.) from Clonmel, and ~'i (S. W.) from Dublin,
on the road from Cashel to Templemore ; containing
10,'284 inhabitants, of whom "523 are in the town.
This place, originally called Durlas-O'Fogarty, is of
great antiquity, and in the 10th century was the scene
of a memorable battle between the Danes and the native
Irish, in which the former suffered a signal defeat.
Soon after the English invasion, the Ostmen of Dublin,
on their march to reinforce Strongbow, who was then
encamped at Cashel, halted at this place in careless
security, when O'Brien of Thomond suddenly attacked
and defeated them, with the loss of 400 of their men
and their four principal commanders. O'Brien soon
afterwards encountered the English borderers, who
were extending their power in this direction ; and,
meeting with them at this place, compelled them to
retreat. A castle appears to have been erected here at
an early period, and in 1'208 was besieged by Hugh de
Lacy and taken from Geoffrey Mac Morris, by whom it
was then occupied. In 1300 a monastery for Carmel-
ites or 'White friars was founded by one of the Butler
family, which at the Dissolution was granted, with all
its dependencies, to Thomas, Earl of Ormonde. A pre-
ceptory of Knights Templars is said to have been also
founded here, of which probably the castle before men-
tioned may have been a part; but no authentic record
exists of such an establishment. The principal castle
was erected by James Butler, the first Lord Palatine of
Tipperary, one of whose descendants was, in 1535, cre-
ated Viscount Thurles : this castle, during the parlia-
mentary war, was garrisoned for the king, but was
afterwards taken by the parliamentarian forces, by
whom it was demolished.
The TOWN is pleasantly situated on the banks of the
river Suir, by which it is divided into two nearly equal
parts, connected with each other by a low bridge ; and
consists of one spacious street, from which smaller
streets diverge in various directions. It contains 1'2S9
houses, most of which are neatly built and several are
of handsome appearance : there are infantry barracks
on a small scale. The environs in every direction are
pleasant, and are enlivened by richly varied scenery ;
the country is extremely fertile, and the town is the
commercial centre of a populous and highly cultivated
district, and is rapidly increasing in wealth and import-
ance. A considerable trade is carried on in corn, which
is sent by laud-carriage to Clonmel ; the place has also
an excellent retail trade, and contains a brewery and
two tanneries. In the excise arrangements the town is
within the district of Clonmel. A branch of the Na-
tional Bank has been established. The market days
Vol. II.- 577
are Tuesday and Saturday ; and fairs are held on the
first Tuesday in every month, on Easter-Monday, and
the '21.st of August and December : the market-house is
a neat building, in the western part of the main street.
A chief constabulary police force is stationed in the town ;
general sessions for the county are held twice in the
year, and petty-sessions every Saturday. The sessions-
house is a neat modern building ; and near it is a well-
arranged bridewell, containing 2'2 cells, 4 day-rooms,
and 2 airing-yards.
The parish comprises 8269 statute acres, of which
6649 are arable, 810 pasture, and 810 bog and waste :
the land in cultivation is of very good quality, producing
abundant crops ; and the system of agriculture is im-
proved. An abundant supply of fuel is obtained from
the neighbouring bogs, and from the Slievardagh coal-
mines, which are about eight miles distant. Brittas
Castle, the property of the Langley family, was com-
menced on a very extensive scale by the late Captain
Langley, but remains in an unfinished state. The
LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Cashel; partly
impropriate in the family of Bagwell and in Mrs.
Downes ; and partly united, by act of council in 1682,
to the vicarages of Rahelty, Shyane, and Adnith, in the
patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £'46. 5., of which £101. 5. are payable to the
impropriators, and the remainder to the vicar. The
glebe-house, towards which the late Board of First
Fruits contributed £100 and a loan of £1500, in 1820,
is a good residence ; the glebe comprises 56^ statute
acres, and the gross rent-charge of the benefice amounts
to £766. 12. 9. per annum, the church is a neat edi-
fice at the east end of the town, towards the erection of
which the Board of First Fruits advanced a loan of
£2000, in 1812. The Roman Catholic parish is co-
extensive with that of the Established Church ; it is the
head of the diocese, and the mensal of the archbishop.
The chapel, which is the cathedral of the diocese, is a
spacious and handsome structure, erected at an expense
of £10,000, and one of the finest buildings of the kind
in Ireland. Near it are Ursuline and Presentation con-
vents, the ladies of which employ themselves in the
gratuitous instruction of poor female children ; each
convent has a private chapel. St. Patrick's College,
established in 1 836 for the liberal education of Roman
Catholic young gentlemen upon moderate terms, is a
handsome building in an improved demesne of 25 acres,
bounded on one side by the river Suir. There are
several public schools, of which the conventual schools
are partly supported by a bequest of £2000 from the late
Most Rev. Dr. James Butler, and those of the Christian
Brethren by a similar bequest from the Most Rev. Dr.
Bray, the interest of which he appropriated to the in-
struction and clothing of poor boys ; the parochial
school is principally supported by the incumbent. The
union workhouse, on a site of 6| acres purchased for
£1000, was completed iu 1841 at an expense of £5840,
and is constructed for 700 inmates.
It is said, that till within the last thirty years, there
were the ruins of seven castles in this parish ; there
are still vestiges of two, and also of a large mansion
formerly the residence of the Earl of Llandaff. The
remains of the principal castle are situated close to the
bridge, and consist at present of a lofty quadrangular
keep, with various embattled walls and cables : the
^4 E
TICK
TIM A
other, which is situated at the western extremity of the
town, and is ascribed to the Knights Templars, appears
to have been of very small extent ; a little to the north
of it was an ancient moat. In this part of the town
are also the remains of the monastery, consisting of a
great part of a strong tower, with some mouldering
walls. Grose, in his Antiquities, states that St. Mary's
church, belonging to a Franciscan monastery founded
by the O'Meaghers in the 15th century, occupied the
site of the present Roman Cathohc chapel : Manus
O'Fohily, the last abbot, refused to surrender at the
Dissolution, and was taken prisoner to Dublin, where
he suffered a long confinement. On the townland of
Killinan are the remains of an old church, to which is
attached a burial-ground. The greater part of the
parish is the property of Viscount Chabot, cousin-
gernian of the late Earl of Llandaff. Thurles gives
the inferior title of Viscount to the Marquess of
Ormonde.
TIBOHINE, Roscommon. — See Taughboyne.
TICKILLEN, a parish, in the barony of Shelma-
LiER, union and county of Wexford, and province of
Leinster, 85 miles (N. W.) from Wexford, near the
mail-road to Enniscorthy ; containing 1160 inhabitants.
It is principally situated on the north-eastern bank of
the Slaney, but there is a small detached portion on the
northern extremity of the estuary of that river. The
principal portion is skirted by the mail-road, and is
connected with the south-western bank of the river by
a handsome bridge of American oak, which, together
with the ancient castle of Ferry-Carrigg, romantically
situated on a rocky eminence on the Tickillen side of
the river, is noticed in the article on the parish of Car-
rigg. Tickillen comprises 2866f statute acres, of which
the detached portion contains 748 : within the limits of
the latter is part of the village of Castlebridge. The
land is mostly in tillage, the soil in general fertile, and
the state of agriculture has been of late years much im-
proved. The seats are, Percy Lodge, pleasantly situated
near the banks of the river ; Killowu, built in the cottage
style ; Newtown Lodge ; and Moat Park. The parish
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ferns, separated by act
of council in 1829 from the union of Ardcolrae (with
the exception of the small detached portion, which is
still attached to that union) and, with the adjoining
parish of Kilpatrick, formed into a distinct benefice ;
the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Portsmouth.
The tithe rent-charge of the larger portion amounts to
£92. 11., of which £4". U. are payable to the impro-
priator, and the remainder to the vicar ; and that of
the smaller portion to £44, of which £21. 10. are pay-
able to the impropriator, and the remainder to the in-
cumbent of Ardcolme union. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Cros-
sabeg. Within the demesne of Percy Lodge is a glebe,
comprising three acres ; also the ruins of the church,
with a cemetery attached. At the north-western ex-
tremity of the parish are the remains of Deeps Castle,
said to have been granted by Cromwell to one of his
standard-bearers named Randle, whose family subse-
quently entertained James II. on his way to Waterford,
when he was retiring to France after the battle of the
Boyne.
TICKMACREVAN, or Glenarm, a parish, in the
union of Larne, barony of Upper Glenarm, county of
578
Antrim, and province of Ulster ; containing, with
the post-town of Glenarm and the village of Straidkelly
(each separately described), 4443 inhabitants. It com-
prises an area of 20,506| statute acres ; and is situated
on the Glenarm water, which rises in Blemish mountain
and discharges itself into the sea at the town, where it
is of considerable size. A very large portion of the
parish is mountain, bog, and waste ; but the remainder
is in a high state of cultivation under the most im-
proved system of agriculture, and produces wheat,
beans, and barley, in great abundance and of excellent
quality. Limestone of many varieties is found here :
some kinds contain echenites, belemnites, and other
similar fossils ; and large masses of ponderous iron-ore,
and decomposed basalt used in making Roman cement,
are found imbedded among the limestone rocks. One
species is remarkable for its quality of setting instantly
when immersed in water. Great quantities of limestone
are exported from Glenarm, the quay of which is much
resorted to by Scotch vessels in this trade, which bring
coal and general merchandise in exchange. Close to
the town is a coal-mine, which has not been worked to
advantage ; there are also indications of that mineral
in other parts of the parish. Glenarm Castle, the resi-
dence of the M"^Donnell family, in this parish, is de-
scribed in the account of the town. There are several
elegant bathing-lodges at Carnlough, which have tended
much to induce visiters from the inland parts to resort
hither during the summer months.
The living was a rectory and vicarage, the former
annexed in 1 609 to the chancellorship of Connor, and
the latter episcopally united in 176S to the rectory of
Templeoughter (which is completely inclosed within
Tickmacrevan) ; but on the death of Dr. Trail, the late
chancellor, in 1830, the two parishes were consolidated
under the provisions of Dr. Mant's act, into a single
rectory, in the diocese of Connor, and placed under the
patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-charge, in-
cluding Templeoughter, amounts to £180. The glebe-
house, which is situated about a mile and a half from
the church, near the sea-shore, was built in 1813 by aid
of £450 and a loan of £46 from the Board of First
Fruits ; the glebe of the union comprises 23a. 30p.
valued at £46. 7. per annum. The total value of the
benefice is £226. 7. The church, which occupies the
site of an ancient monastery close to the shore near the
town, was built in I76S, at the expense of the noble
family of M"^Donnell, and was enlarged in 1822 by a
loan of £300 from the Board of First Fruits ; it is a
plain building with a tower and spire. The Roman
Catholic parish, which is called Glenarm, is co-extensive
with the consolidated rectory of Tickmacrevan, and has
two chapels, one at Glenarm, and the other at Carn-
lough about two miles north-west of it. There are
places of worship for Presbyterians, one of which is in
connexion with the Remonstrant Synod ; and a meet-
ing-house for Wesleyan Methodists. Some remains of
the ancient monastery, built in 1465 by Robert Bisset,
a Scotchman, for Franciscan friars of the third order,
are still to be seen ; also those of the ancient church, a
mile west of the town.
TIMAHOE, a parish, in the union of Naas, barony
of Clane, county of Kildare, and province of Lein-
ster, 8 miles (S. W.) from Kilcock, on the road to
Kildare, and on the Grand Canal; containing 1680 in-
TI MO
T I M O
habitants, and comprising 9896^ statute acres. The
hving is a rectory, in the diocese of Kildare, and in
the patronage of the Crown : the tithe rent-charge is
£178. 10., and the glebe comprises 10 acres; there is
neither church nor glebe-house. The Protestant parish-
ioners attend the church of Ballynefagh. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Clane.
TIMAHOE, a village, in the parish of Fosey, or
TiMAHOE, barony of Cullinagh, Queen's county, and
province of Leinster, 4^; miles (S. S. \V.) from Strad-
bally, on the road to Ballynakill; containing about 100
inhabitants. This place takes its name from the mo-
nastery of Tcach-Mochoe, founded here by St. Mochoe,
who died in 497, and which was destroyed by fire in
1142 ; it was afterwards refounded by the O'Mores, but
of its further history there is no record. There are still
some slight remains of the building, near which is an
ancient round tower, 33 feet high ; the doorway is 14
feet from the ground and ornamented with a zigzag
moulding, and the whole is in good preservation. A
castle was erected in the reign of Elizabeth by the
Cosby family, whose descendants are still proprietors of
part of the estate ; the ruins form a very interesting
and picturesque object. In 1642 a battle took place
here between a party of forces under Colonel Monck, on
his return from the relief of Ballinakill, and a party
under General Preston, who had advanced to intercept
his retreat ; in which the latter was repulsed with con-
siderable loss. The vicinity abounds with rich pastures
and extensive dairy-farms, and much butter of superior
quality is sent hither for sale. The village, which con-
tains only a few houses, is pleasantly situated. Fairs
are held on April 5th, July 2nd, and Oct. ISth; and a
constabulary police force is stationed here. The Roman
Catholic chapel of the union of Stradbally, a handsome
cruciform edifice in the early English style, lately erected
at an expense of £2000, is situated in the village, in
which is also the parochial school, under the patronage
of Colonel Close.
TIMOGUE, a parish, in the union of Athy, barony
of Stradbally, Queen's county, and province of
Leinster, li mile (S. by W.) from Stradbally, on the
road to Ballynakill ; containing 36* inhabitants, and
comprising 2491 statute acres. The living is a rectory,
in the diocese of Leighlin, and in the patronage of the
Marquess of Lansdowne : the tithe rent-charge is
£119. 5. The church is a neat structure. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Stradbally.
TIMOLEAGUE, a post-town and parish, partly in
the Eastern Division of the barony of East Carbery,
but chiefly in the barony of Ibane and Barryroe,
union of Bandon, county of Cork, and province of
Munster, 22i miles (S. W. by S.) from Cork, and US^
(S. W. by S.) from Dublin, on the road from Courtmac-
sherry to Clonakilty ; containing 1686 inhabitants, of
whom 63.5 are in the town. This place is also called
Ti/-Motoi:a, signifying the " house of St. Mologa," to
whom the Franciscan abbey founded here by the
M'Cartys in 1312 was dedicated; the buildings of the
abbey are nearly entire, except the roof, surrounding three
sides of a court 60 yards square. On the east is the
church with a nave and choir, the former 30 and the
latter 15 yards long : from the division a transept opens
579
to the south more than 12 yards long, and on the south
of the nave is an open arcade, extending round one side
of the transept, and supported by seven irregular arches
resting on cylindrical and square pillars without capi-
tals. The windows are varied in their style and eleva-
tion : the east window is composed of three lofty lights,
divided by stone mullions ; the south window of the
transept is also of three lancet-shaped lights, and the
great west window of two. On the east side of the
south transept is an oratory with light and elegant win-
dow's, and those of the nave are pointed, square-headed,
obtuse, and ogee. The division or screen between the
nave and choir is by a lofty arch, on which rests a small
light square tower, 68 feet high ; and beneath this
tower is a narrow and curious passage similar to those
leading to the rood-loft in English cathedrals. The
dormitories, refectory, and other domestic edifices are
remaining. During the reign of Mary, the monks re-
took possession of this abbey ; and iu 1603, the Roman
Catholics again occupied it, and completely repaired it
in every part. In 1518, Edmund Courcy, Bishop of
Ross, was buried here ; he had built the scjuare tower,
now so conspicuous an ornament, and also the dormitory
and library. Timoleague was for several centuries the
burial-place of the powerful families of Mac Carty
Reagh, de Courcy, O'Cullan, O'Hea, and others. The
castle belonging to Sir Roger Shaughnessy was besieged
and burned in 1642, by Lord Forbes, who then set sail
for the Shannon ; it was again taken from the Irish, in
1643, by Col. Myn.
The parish comprises 2873 statute acres : the land,
though in general good, is in some places light and
stony ; it is chiefly under tillage, and produces abimd-
ani crops of wheat, oats, and potatoes. Agriculture
was till very lately carried on under the old system, but
is improving rapidly through the spirited exertions and
example of the proprietor : green crops have been ad-
vantageously introduced, and several of the farmers have
adopted the use of the Scotch plough and other im-
proved agricultural implements. The town consists of
one long irregular street, with another diverging from it
(parallel with the old abbey) which was built by Col.
Travers and contains many comfortable slated cottages,
principally inhabited by weavers ; the place comprises
about 120 houses, the greater part modern and well
built, and has a neat court-house, where petty-sessions
for the district are held every Monday, and a manor
court belonging to Lord Carbery occasionally. This is
a constabulary ,police station. A market for pigs is
held every Thursday ; and fairs for cattle on March
2Sth, July 5th, Aug. 21st, and Dec. 7th. Although the
chief occupation of the inhabitants is agriculture, many
are yet engaged in weaving coarse sheeting, and about
50 looms are employed in the town iu weaving cotton
cords. At Spital-Hill is a flour-mill, where 6000 barrels
of wheat are annually ground, principally for the neigh-
bouring towns. The country would be remarkably
beautiful but for the want of plantations, which defect,
it is hoped, will in a few years be effectually remedied :
the late Col. Travers, of Timoleague House, planted 50
acres of land on his demesne, close to the town.
Barry's Hall is a large mansion, erected by one of the
Barry family about a century since, and surrounded by
a considerable plantation : among other seats are,
Umera, a beautiful house on the banks of the river;
4 E 2
T I M O
Timoleague Villa ; and the glebe-house, the residence
of the Rev. C. L. Cnghlan, D.D., the learned author of
a " Scriptural Commentary on the Book of Genesis and
St. Matthew's Gospel."
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Ross, form-
ing the corps of the prebend of Ross in the cathedral
of St. Faughan, and in the patronage of the Bishop ;
the tithe rent-charge is £310. 1. 6. The glebe-house, a
neat villa residence, was erected by aid of a gift of
£100 and a loan of £900, in 1S16, from the Board of
First Fruits ; the glebe comprises five acres. The
church is a small neat structure, built in ISIO by aid of
a loan of £500 from the Board. It lately underwent a
thorough repair ; the east gable was raised tn correspond
with the other, and an entirely new roof was added,
covered with the best slate : the ceiling is particularly
beautifxd, and upon the whole the church is one of the
most comfortable and suitable places of worship in the
diocese. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
the head of a district, comprising also the parish of Kil-
maloda ; the chapel of Timoleague is a plain building.
The parochial schools are held in a handsome building
erected in iy42. Here is a dispensary ; and an Indi-
gent-Housekeepers' Society has been established, and is
supported by voluntary contributions. In the town is
also a parochial library, the books of which were given
by James Duncan, Esq., of London. In a field not far
from the Spital Mills are the ruins of an hospital for
lepers, founded by the first M'^Carty : on the banks of
the river stand the ruins of the castle, built by the Mo-
rils in 1206.
TIMOLIN, a parish, in the union of Baltinglass,
barony of Narragh and Rheban-East, county of
KiLDARE, and province of Leinster, on the river
Griese, and on the coach-road from Dublin to Carlow ;
containing, with the post-town of Ballytore (which is
separately described), 1611 inhabitants, of whom l/'J
are in the village of Timolin. The name of this place,
in Irish, signifies "the house of Moling," and is derived
from the foundation of a monastery here by St. Moling
of Ferns, who died in the 7th century. In the reign of
John, Robert Fitz-Richard, Lord of Noragh or Narragh,
founded a convent of nuns of the Arroasian order,
which he amply endowed ; and also erected a strong
castle. In IS^S the church of St. Moling was burned
by Edmond le Boteler ; and in the reign of Charles I.
the castle was taken by the Marquess of Ormonde, and
the garrison put to Hhe sword by order of the Lords-
Justices, though conditions of peace were in progress of
adjustment. The parish comprises 2290 statute acres,
chiefly under tillage, though there is some good pasture;
the land is in general good, and there is no waste : fuel
is scarce, and only to be obtained from the bog of Nar-
raghmore, about three miles distant. Here are quarries
of sandstone and pebble limestone, which latter is
burnt for manure. The village of Timolin contains 28
houses ; fairs are held there on Easter-Monday and on
June 28th.
The seven denominations constituting part of the
vicarage of Killelan are now entirely separated from the
union of Timolin : they were for some time considered
to be under the patronage of the Archbishop, but Sir
Richard Steele lately advanced a claim to them, and
succeeded in recovering them and in establishing his
right to the vicarage of Killelan. The living of Timolin
5S0
TINN
is a vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, united time im-
memorially to the rectory and vicarage of Belan and the
vicarages of Moone and Rathtoole, together constituting
the union of Timolin, in the patronage of the Arch-
bishop ; the rectory is appropriate to the vicars-choral
and minor canons of the cathedrals of St. Patrick and
Christ Church, Dublin. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £143. 9-, two-thirds payable to the appropria-
tors and one-third to the vicar. There is a glebe-house,
with a glebe of 20 acres. The church is a plain build-
ing with a neat tower, for the repairs of which the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £242.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part
of the district of Castle-Dermot ; the chapel is a plain
spacious edifice. The Society of Friends have a mert-
ing-house at Ballitore.
TIMON, or TiMOTHAN.— See Tallaght.
TINAHELY, a market and post town, in the parish
of KiLCOMMON, union of Shillelagh, barony of Bal-
LiNACOR, county of WiCKLOW, and province of Lein-
ster, 20 miles (S. W.) from Wicklow, and 41 (S.)
from Dublin, on the road from Rathdruni to Carnew ;
containing 640 inhabitants. This place formed part of
the vast estate of the celebrated and unfortunate Earl of
Strafford, who commenced the erection of a splendid
mansion at Coolruss, about a quarter of a mile from the
town, the ruins of which are vulgarly called " Black
Tom's Cellars :" on the attainder of that nobleman the
estate was forfeited to the crown, and it subsequently
became the property of the ancestor of Earl Fitzwilliam,
the present proprietor. During the disturbances of
1798, the town was entirely destroyed, but it was soon
afterwards rebuilt in an improved style : it is situated
in a wild and mountainous district, on the banks of a
small stream, over which is a stone bridge of five arches.
A market is held every Wednesday ; and fairs, chiefly
for cattle and pigs, on the first Wednesday after the
1st of Jan., on Feb. 7th, the first Wednesday after St.
Patrick's day, the second Wednesday in April, May 8th,
tlie 4th day and the last Wednesday in June, the first
Wednesday after the 12th of July, on Aug. 7th, the
second Wednesday in Sept., the first Wednesday after
the 29th of Sept., on Nov. 7th, and the second Wednes-
day in December. Here is a chief constabulary police
station ; a manorial court is held in April, and petty-
sessions on alternate Wednesdays in a room over the
market-house, a neat edifice erected by the late Earl
Fitzwilliam. Soap-boiling is carried on, and there are
an extensive flour-mill and a tan-yard. In the town
are a few good houses ; and in the immediate \icinity
are. Town View, situated on high ground, whence a
fine view of the town and surrounding country is ob-
tained ; and Ballicionougue. The Primitive Wesleyan
Methodists hold their meetings in the sessions-room.
A school is maintained partly by a grant from Earl
Fitzwilliam, and partly by the rector; and a dispensary
is aided by an annual grant of £50 from his lordship. —
See KiLCOMMON.
TINNEHINCH, a village, in the parish and barony
of St. Mvllin's, union of New Ross, county of Car-
low, and province of Leinster, forming a suburb of
the town of Graig or Graignamanagh, in the county of
Kilkenny, with which it is connected by a good stone
bridge over the river Barrow : the population is 321. —
See Graig.
TINT
T I P P
TINTERN, or Kinneagh, a parish, in the union of
New Ross, barony of SHELnuuNE, county of Wexfokd,
and province of Leinstf.r, 3 miles (N.) from Fethard,
and on the road from Wexford to Duncannon Fort ;
containing '^680 inhabitants. This place derives its
name from a monastery founded here by William
Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, after his escape from ship-
wreck off the coast in the year 1^00, in fulfilment of a
vow made during his peril : in this monastery after its
endowment and dedication to the Blessed Virgin, he
placed monks from the Cistercian abbey of Tintern, in
the county of Monmouth ; whence it obtained the ap-
pellation of Tintern Minor. In 144" the monastery had
suffered such dilapidation that the abbot rebuilt the
house at his own expense, and on that occasion obtained
an act exempting him from all compulsory attendance
in parliament.
The parish is bounded on the south-east by the bay
of Bannow, and on the north-east by the river Black-
water. It comprises 6863 statute acres ; about one-
half consists of arable land, and the remainder of
meadow and pasture, with a considerable portion of
bog. The soil is fertile, and the system of agriculture
is much improved, green crops for winter feeding hav-
ing been introduced with success ; the cottages of the
farmers and peasantry exhibit a considerable degree of
neatness and comfort. The village of Tintern, which
was contiguous to the abbey, was taken down some
years since, and rebuilt on the townland of Saltmills,
by which name it is now more generally known ; it is
described under that head. An inlet from Bannow bay
is navigable to the old bridge near the abbey, for
lighters bringing limestone and coal ; and there is a
small fishery. Fairs are held at Tintern on May I'ith,
Sept. 21st, and Nov. 11th, and at Nash on June '24th,
Aug. 15th, and Nov. 20th: the parish is a station of
the constabulary police. Tintern Abbey is beautifully
situated in a sequestered spot near the margin of the
bay, and in the midst of a richly wooded demesne : the
family mansion has been formed principally from the
chancel of the ancient conventual church, of which the
tower and part of the walls form a picturesque feature
in the grounds ; but from the frequent alterations the
abbey has undergone, these ruins have lost much of
their original character. Subsequently to the formation
of the present mansion, the ancient domestic buildings
were removed, and the materials were used in the erec-
tion of the old chapel of ease near the abbey, and in
that of the bridge before mentioned. About half way
between Tintern and Clonmines is Thoria, or Tallough,
a pleasantly situated residence, supposed to occupy the
site of an ancient religious house, called Midway, from
its position between the monasteries of Tintern and
Clonmines.
The living is an impropriate curacj', in the diocese of
Ferns, united in 1785 to those of Owenduffe and Clou-
mines, and in the patronage of Mrs. Boyse, in whom
the rectories are impropriate, and who allows the offici-
ating minister a stipend of £32, augmented by £60
from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. Tlie tithes,
amounting to £300, many j-ears ago merged into the
rental of the land. The church, a neat edifice in the
later English style, with a square tower crowned with
pinnacles, was erected in ISIS, at an expense of about
£1000, of which £600 were a loan from the late Board
581
of First Fruits ; the remainder was assessed on the
parishes of the ecclesiastical union. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also the parishes of Ballylennon (or Rosegar-
land), Clonmines, Clongecn, Owenduff, Inch, and New-
bawn. The chapel at Ballycallane is a spacious building,
near which a residence for the priest was lately erected ;
and at Rathnagusseran is a handsome modern chapel, ad-
joining which, also, is a residence for the priest : the
chapels of Clongecn and .St. Leonard likewise belong to
this district. On digging the foundations for the mansion
at Thoria, a piscina and a great number of bones were
discovered ; the latter were interred under a tumulus in
the grounds, and the former removed to the Roman Ca-
tholic chapel. In the old chapel adjoining the abbey is a
large table-monument to Sir Anthony Colclough, Knt.,
who is recorded to have first arrived in Ireland in the
34th of Henry VIII., as captain of the Band of Gentle-
men Pensioners, in which and other offices of state he
continued during the reigns of Edward VI., Mary,
and Elizabeth ; he died in 15S4.
TIPPER, a parish, in the union of Naas, barony of
North Naas, county of Kildare, and province of
Leinster, on the road from Naas to Blessington ; con-
taining 661 inhabitants, and comprising 3288 statute
acres. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Dublin, partly
impropriate in the Burgh family, but chiefly constituting
the corps of the prebend of Tipper in the cathedral of
St. Patrick, Dublin, in the patronage of the Archbishop.
The tithe rent-charge is £133. 10., of which £19. 10. are
payable to the impropriators, and the remainder to the
prebendary. At Craydockstown and Punchstown are
two remarkably large stones.
TIPPERAGIINEY, or Tyburoughny, a parish, in
the union of Carrick-on-Suir, barony of Iverk,
county of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 2|
miles (E. S. E.) from Carrick-on-Suir, on the road to
Waterford ; containing 278 inhabitants. This place is
supposed to have been of som^ importance in ancient
times, and to have been at one period thickly inhabited.
According to Archdall, St. Dominick, or Modomnoc,
flourished here about the middle of the sixth century ;
and the ruins of the church bear evidence of its remote
antiquity. Here are remains of the foundations of a
town, supposed to be of Danish origin, a tombstone still
existing being sculptured with Danish characters ; also
a mound of a conical form, encircled by a spacious
fosse, and presenting a considerable area on its summit.
The castle of Tipperaghney is a stately edifice, supposed
by some to have been erected by John, Earl of Morton,
while at Waterford, but by others attributed to the
Walshes, once proprietors of the entire parish. The
parish is situated on the northern bank of the Suir, and
comprises about 1147 statute acres; a large stone on
its western border marks the boundary between the
county of Kilkenny, in the province of Leinster, and
that of Tipperary, in Munster. It is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of the
union of Fiddown : the tithe rent-charge is £67- 10.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the district of Templeorum.
TIPPER.\RY (County of), an inland county of the
province of Munster, bounded on the east by the
King's and Queen's counties, and that of Kilkenny ; on
the south, by that of Waterford ; on the west, by those
TI PP
TI PP
of Cork, Limerick, and Clare, from which last it is sepa-
rated by the Shannon and Lough Derg ; and on the
north, by that of Galway, and King's county. It extends
from 52° 12' to 53° 9' (N. Lat.), and from 7° 20' to 8° 26'
(W. Lon.); comprising an area, according to the ordnance
survey, of 1,061,731 statute acres, of which 843,887
are arable, 178,183 uncultivated, 23,779 in plantations,
2359 under towns and villages, and the remainder
covered with water. The population, in 1821, was
346,896; in 1831,402,363; and in 1841,435,553.
The inhabitants of this portion of the island are de-
signated by Ptolemy the Coriondi. ^ngus Mf^Nafrach,
King of Munster in the fifth century, is said to have
enlarged the territory of the powerful tribe of the Desii,
occupying the present county of Waterlbrd, by the ad-
dition of the southern part of Tipperary, then forming
a district called Magh Femin, but afterwards designated
Desie Thuasgeart or North Desie, to distinguish it from
the southern lands of the sept. According to Vallan-
cey, the chiefs of Magh Femin, whose principal resi-
dence was on the Rock of Cashel, obtained the name of
Hij dun iia nioi, or " the chiefs of the hill of the plain,"
rendered by corruption O'Donnohue ; and horn them
descended the Mac Carthies. The Desii maintained a
separate sovereignty until overpowered by the first
English invaders, against whom, however, they carried
on a sanguinary and protracted struggle. The families
then holding superior rank were those of O'Fogarty,
occupying the territory about Thurles, anciently called
Hi/ Fogarta ; O'Brien, possessing the tract bordering on
the Shannon, below Lough Derg, called Aradh Cliach,
and forming the present barony of Owney and Arra ;
and OKennedy, who held Muscraighe Thire, now the
baronies of Upper and Lower Ormond. The names of
several other small districts have also been preserved,
such as C'orcn Eathrach, including the country around
Holy Cross and Cashel, and forming a considerable part
of Goulin, or the Golden Vale ; Enganacht, a territory and
sept to the north of this, near Thurles ; and Hy-Kerrin
still further north. Ormond, the name of the northern
part of the county, signifies East Munster.
The first English army that penetrated into this part
of the island was led in person by Henry \\., who, in
1 172, advanced from Waterford, and on the banks of the
Suir received the submissions of the surrounding chief-
tains of the south ; but on his return these submissions
were for the most part retracted, and hostilities with the
English commenced by the march of Earl Strongbow
with an army to Cashel. Here he reviewed his troops ;
and having received information of the strength and
posture of the enemy, he sent to Dublin, for the aid of
the Ostmen forces enlisted in the English service there.
When this auxiliary force had advanced as far as
Thurles, it was suddenly attacked by O'Brien of Tho-
mond so successfully, that the four principal leaders
and 400 men were slain ; upon which, Strongbow made
a precipitate retreat to Waterford. Afterwards Prince
John, to secure the southern part of the county in sub-
jection to the English authority, ordered the erection of
castles at Ardfinnan and Tipperary. The next ereat
struggle originated in an attempt made by Daniel
O'Brien, of Thomond, to dispossess the English of this
tract of country ; he levied a considerable force, and
the contending parties having met at Thurles, a battle
ensued in which the English were discomfited. But
582
this did not put an end to the contest ; the English still
continued to ravage the territories of O'Brien, and to
increase the number of their castles, which they gradu-
ally extended towards the Shannon.
When the territory had been in a great measure re-
duced, Henry H. granted the whole of its lay posses-
sions to Theobald Walter, who accompanied prince
John to Ireland in 1185 and was constituted "Chief
Butler " of Ireland, a dignity made hereditary in his
family, and from which it derives its name. Tipperary
was one of the counties erected into shire ground by
King John, in 1210. In 1315, Edmund, the fifth chief
Butler of Ireland, received a grant of the return of all
writs in his cantreds of Ormon, Hyogarty, and Hyoca-
royl ; and his son and successor, James, was created
Earl of Ormonde in 1328. Edward III. granted to this
nobleman's son, James (who had married Eleanor
Bohun, grand-daughter of Edward I.), for the better
support of the name and honour of Earl of Ormonde,
and in consideration of his valuable services, and of the
consanguinity existing between him and his majesty,
the regality, fees, and all other liberties in the county
of Tipperary, and also the prisage of wines in Ireland.
The royal liberty thus established in the county con-
tinued until the commencement of the last century ;
having, through the power, talents, and loyalty of the
family, been preserved long after the other royal liber-
ties in Ireland had ceased to exist. The lands of the
church, however, were exempt from the palatine
jurisdiction, and formed considerable tracts within the
limits of the county, in which the king's writs and
ordinary jurisdiction had free course ; these lands, in
contradistinction to the county palatine, were designated
the Cross of Tipperary, had their own sheriffs, and sent
separate members to the Irish parliament. From a
representation of this parliament, in 1430, it appears,
that the greater part of the county was then subject to
" Irish enemies, or English rebels," meaning by the
latter name such as, under the loose authority of the
age, lived in the old native fashion, in contempt of the
king's authority or the English law ; but the Butler
family and the archbishops of Cashel were at a subse-
quent period firm in their allegiance to Henry VII., in
opposition to the attempts of Lambert Simnel. In the
reign of Henry VIII., ordinances for the government of
this and other western counties, in which English law
had been long disregarded, were committed for execu-
tion to the Earl of Ormonde. In the 28th of the same
reign, many of the possessions and privileges of the
earldom became vested in the king, by his marriage
with Anne Boleyn ; while such portions as were settled
in tail male, including the prisage of wines, passed to
the eldest heir male of the family. Sir Pierce Butler,
created Earl of Ossory, and commonly styled Lord Or-
monde ; and in 1537, the king confirmed to this noble-
man all the lordships and manors anciently belonging to
the family, in this and other counties.
In 1632, James, commonly styled " the great Duke of
Ormonde," succeeded to the possessions of his family ;
and in the subsequent civil commotions, in which he
acted so important a part on the royal side, this county
suffered very severely. In 1642, almost every fort and
castle was captured by the Irish, and nearly all the re-
lations of the earl were at once involved in the war.
In 1647, it suffered from the military ravages of Lord
TI P P
Inchiquiii, who took Cahir and Cashel, and devastated
the whole county. After the fall of Clonincl in le'jO,
a great portion of the then forfeited lands was divided
amongst the parliamentarian adventurers ; and the
estates were confirmed to them by the act of settlement
after the Restoration. The Duke of Ormonde obtained
confirmation of all his ancient paternal property by
several patents and statutes of Charles II. ; and the
royalties and liberties thus granted were extended over
the county at large, including the Cross of Tipperary,
and were confirmed by act of parliament in the 14th
and 15th of the same king. James, grandson and
successor of the Great Duke, was impeached on the
accession of George I., and, fleeing to France, was at-
tainted of high treason by an act of the British parlia-
ment, and his estates confiscated. By an act of the
Irish parliament, in the '2nd of George I., all the liber-
ties, regalities, franchises, courts of law and equity,
jurisdictions, rights, and authorities, granted by the
letters-patent and acts of parliament above mentioned,
were for ever extinguished ; and the rolls and records
thereof, consisting of the pleadings in the court palatine
of Tipperary from l66i to 1714, and leases of lands
from the family during the same period, were deposited
in the rolls office of chancery in Ireland, and the office
of the chirographer of the common pleas. However,
by an English statute in 1721, the duke's brother, the
Earl of Arran, was enabled to purchase the estates ;
and after his grace's death without issue, he succeeded
as heir and representative of the Butlers of Ireland.
From this nobleman's time until 1791, the ancient ho-
nours of the house of Ormonde remained dormant ;
but in that year John Butler, Esq., of the castle of Kil-
kenny, was restored to the earldoms of Ormonde and
Ossory, viscounty of Thurles, &c. ; no statute of re-
storation being deemed necessary on the occasion, as
the title had not been attainted by an act of the Irish
parliament. The present Marquess of Ormonde still
retains the honorary office of chief butler ; but the
profits of the butlerage and prisage were purchased from
the family for £'216,000, under the 46th, r.Oth, and ,51st
of George III., and vested in the crown for the benefit
of the public.
The county is partly in the diocese of Lisraore,
Emly, and Killaloe, but chiefly in that of Cashel. For
purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided into the
baronies of Clanwilliam, Eliogarty, Iffa and Offa East,
Iffa and Offa West, Ikerrin, Kilnemanagh, Middlethird,
Lower Ormond, Upper Ormond, Owney and Arra, and
Slievardagh. It contains the borough, assize, and
market town of Clonmel ; the city and borough of
Cashel ; the market and post town of Fethard, formerly
a parliamentary borough ; the market and post towns
of Nenagh, Thurles, Carrick-on-Suir, Tipperary, Ros-
crea, Clogheen, Killenaule, Cahir, and Templemore ;
and the post-towns of Burris-o'-leagh, Burris-o'-kane,
Cloghjordan, Newport, Golden, Littleton, and New
Birmingham. The largest villages are Bansha (which
has a sub-post), Emly, Toomavara, Silvermines, Bal-
lina, Ballingarry, and Mullinahone. It sent eight
members to the Irish parliament ; two for the county,
and two for each of the boroughs of Clonmel, Cashel,
and Fethard ; but since the Union its representatives
in the Imperial parliament have been two for the county,
and one for each of the boroughs of Clonmel and Cashel.
583
T I PP
The county members are elected at Clonmel ; the con
stituency is 2600. The county is included in the Lein-
ster circuit. The local government is vested in a
lieutenant, 30 deputy-lieutenants, and 153 other magis-
trates, with the usual county officers, including 4
coroners : there are 148 constabulary police station.s.
The county gaol is at Clonmel ; and there are bride-
wells at Cahir, Clogheen, Tipperary, Cashel, New Bir-
mingham, Thurles, Templemore, Roscrea, Nenagh, Car-
rick-on-Suir, Burris-o'-kane and Newport. The lunatic
asylum for the county is at Clonmel ; where also was
the late County House of Industry, with a lunatic asy-
lum attached to it principally for cases of idiotcy : the
infirmary is at Cashel. There are fever hospitals at
Clonmel, Tipperary, Cahir, Burris-o'-kane, Clogheen.
Cloghjordan, Cashel, Carrick-on-Suir, Nenagh, Roscrea,
and Templemore ; and dispensaries at Ballingarry, Bird
Hill, Burris-o'-leagh, Burros-o'-kane, Ballyporeen,
Clonmel, Drangan, Kilsheelan, Newcastle, Portroe,
Poulmucka, Lorrha, Carrick-on-Suir, Cahir, Clogheen,
Bourney, Castlebiggs, Clonoulty, Grangcmockler, Kil-
cooley, Killusty, Templetuohy, Cloghjordan, Dundrum,
Fethard, Killenaule, Mullinahone, Nenagh, Newport,
Ballynonty, Roscrea, Silvermines, Tipperary, Thurles,
Templemore, Toomavarra, Littleton, and Thomastown,
each maintained by equal grand jury presentments and
private subscriptions. The total grand jury present-
ments for 1844 were £71,643. In the military arrange-
ments the county is partly in the Athlone, but chiefly in
the Limerick, district ; and within its limits are nine
barracks, or military stations : four for cavalry, at Cahir,
Carrick-on-Suir, Clogheen, and Fethard ; four for in-
fantry, at Cashel, Nenagh, Roscrea, and Templemore ;
and one for cavalry, artillery, and infantry, at Clonmel ;
the whole capable of accommodating 139 officers and
2938 men.
The suRF.\CE of the county is composed of several ex-
tensive and fertile tracts of champaign country, separated
from each other by ranges of hills. The greatest tract
of level country is that watered by the Suir,from its source
near Roscrea to Ardfinnan; extending in length about
50 miles, and in breadth averaging 15. But although
it presents a nearly level appearance when viewed from
the surrounding heights, owing to the general equality
of its successive swells, yet it is found to be diversified
with slightly depressed valleys and gentle elevations,
which, combined with an exuberant fertility, afford a
pleasing though by no means a picturesque succession
of scenery. The part of this plain between the Kilna-
managh and Galtee ranges, in the centre of which the
town of Tipperary is situated, and which is bounded by
a line drawn from Bansha to Thomastown near Golden,
on the east, and by another from Galbally in county
Limerick through Pallasgreine to the Bilboa mountains,
on the west, has been designated the " Golden Vale, " on
account of the surpassing richness of its soil.
The general elevation of the surface of the Suir district
is about 400 feet above the level of the sea, though in
some parts it does not exceed '250 : from Cashel upwards
it varies from 3'26 to 474 feet. On the east the plain is
bounded at first by a large tract of bog, a branch of that
of .-lllen, extending into the contiguous county of Kil-
kenny ; farther south it is inclosed by the low range of
the Stievardiigh hills, forming the Killenaule coal dis-
trict, extending from the vicinity of Freshford in the
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county of Kilkenny, a distance of eighteen miles south-
Nvestward, to a point five miles beyond Killenaule. The
breadth of this range is about six miles : it is most
elevated and abrupt towards the north-western side,
where the height of the hills above the subjacent plain
varies from 300 to 600 feet ; while towards the south-
east the surface gradually declines, and in that direction
flow all the principal streams. Farther south, the
boundary of the plain is terminated on this side by the
elevated group of Slieve-na-man, to the south-east of
Fethard, from which several ranges of hills extend into
the county of Kilkenny. On the south the vale is im-
mediately overlooked by the steep and towering heights
of the Monei-uUaqh and Knockmeledoun mountains, which
form the county boundary towards Waterford ; and
along the base of the latter, a branch of the plain ex-
tends westward from Cahir and Ardfinnan, by Clogheen
and BaUijporeen, into the vale of the Blackwater, which
forms the north-eastern part of the county of Cork. On
the north of this portion of the plain stands the noble
range of the Galtees, which on the south-east side rise
for the most part with a gentle ascent, while on the
north-west they are in many parts extremely precipitous.
The length of this range is twenty miles to its termina-
tion near Mitchelstown, at the river Funcheon, which
river forms part of the boundary between Tipperary and
Cork ; its breadth is from five to seven. The highest
summit is C4altymore, which attains an elevation of
about '2500 feet. The wild magnificence of this chain
of mountains, from its sudden elevation in the midst of
a fertile plain, is very striking ; and its vast groupings
present an assemblage of the most interesting features
in boldness, freedom of outline, and variety of aspect.
There are three curious circular lakes of small extent on
the mountains, and the glens diverging from them ex-
hibit many natural beauties, particularly the western
glen, in which is a fine cascade. North of the Galtees
is a subordinate and lower parallel ridge, called SUeve-
iia-Mtick, near the base of which stands the town of
Tipperary.
From this vicinity a second branch of the great plain,
through which a road runs from Clonmel to Limerick,
extends to the western confines of the county, where it
is met by the more elevated district in the vicinity of
Pailasgreine, in the county of Limerick ; and to the
north of this Golden Vale, as it is called, rises the group
of the Bilboa, Keeper, and Slieve-Phelim mountains, pre-
senting a grand and varied outline. Among these,
which occupy a wide district, is pre-eminently distin-
guished the Keeper mountain, between Newport and
.Silvermines. To the north-west is another mountain
group on the borders of the Shannon at Lough Derg,
appearing to form part of a range extending by Killaloe
to the vicinity of Six-mile bridge, in the county of Clare,
though here intersected by this grand watercourse. The
Bilboa mountains separate the baronies of Ormond from
the other baronies ; and from theui the western bound-
ary of the grand vale of Tipperary is continued by a
narrow range of heights, called theKilnamanagh hills,
which stretch hence north-eastward above Thurles and
Templemore, forming the Devil's- Bit mountains. From
these, again, a lower series of hills extends by Roscrea
to the more elevated Slieve-Bloom mountains, separating
the King's from the Queen's county ; thus making the
length of the entire range not less than 40 miles. The
584
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Keeper mountains and their northern dependencies
within the county of Tipperary form a wild tract of
country, extending in length about 24 miles, and in
breadth about 20, and comprehending an extent of about
480 square miles. Throughout the whole there was,
until lately, scarcely any road passable for wheel-car-
riages ; but two excellent lines have recently been con-
structed by government. From these mountains to the
banks of the Shannon, and its expansion Lough Derg,
extends the fertile plain of the Ormonds, of similar cha-
racter to the Golden Vale, like it highly cultivated, and
adorned with many rich demesnes. The common eleva-
tion of this plain varies from 114 to 274 feet, gradually
declining towards Lough Derg.
The SOIL of the great plains and vales consists of
calcareous loams of various quality, but for the most
part exuberantly fertile, and forming, in parts of the
southern and south-western baronies of Clanwilliam,
Middlethird, and l£Fa and Offa, the most productive
portion of the county ; these baronies contributing more
to the county cess than all tlie other seven, and com-
prising a greater number of highly cultivated farms.
The rest of the low country is similar in character,
forming extensive agricultural tracts ; the hills are oc-
cupied by poorer soils on substrata of slate and sand-
stone, and these soils are often very shallow. Great
progress, however, has been made in their improvement,
the construction of new roads having afforded means
for the introduction of lime as a manure, which is
procured in abundance in the low country. The soil
of the Slievardagh hills is of a cold and wet nature,
abounding in many places with yellow clay. Contigu-
ous to the Bog of Allen lies a great extent of flat marshy
ground, producing little but sedges and aquatic grasses,
used for thatching and litter. The diversified nature of
the surface renders the countj' equally noted for its good
sheep-walks, its rich corn-fields, and its fertile grazing-
pastures.
In describing the husbandry of the county it may
be classed into five districts ; three mainly agricultural,
occupying the plains ; and two mainly of pasturage,
comprising the mountain tracts. The principal of the
former is the plain district from Carrick to Tipperary,
the superior quality of the soil of which, and its con-
tiguity to Clonmel, the great mart for export, have
caused it to be occupied by the more wealthy class of
landholders, in farms averaging about 50 or 60 acres,
though sometimes considerably more. Here, the lands
under tillage exceed the quantity of pasture in the pro-
portion of five to three. Of the other two agricultural
districts, one occupies the upper part of the Suir
plain, extending to Roscrea, Burris-o'-leagh, Duudruni,
and Cappaghwhite; while the third forms the plain
country extending from the north-western mountains
to the Shannon and Lough Derg. The mountain dis-
tricts are, the coal tract of Slievardagh and Killenaule,
and the mountains of Upper Ormond and Kilnemanagh.
Part of the hills of Slievardagh are under tillage ; the
farms, which were of considerable size, averaging from
80 to 100 acres, have been in many instance.s so sub-
divided among the descendants of the original lessees,
that they do not now average more than 10. The
mountain district of Upper Ormond, including the
Keeper and Kilnamanagh heights, though elevated,
affords good pasturage to the summit; the bases of
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T I P ]'
these mountains, particularly on the north, are fertile
and under excellent cultivation, which is extending a
considerable way up their sides.
In the low lands the general course of crops is pota-
toes, wheat, and oats, sometimes for two years, after
which the same course is resumed, after liming or
manuring. On light and shallow soils, barley some-
times succeeds the potatoes. Bere is usually taken off
rich deep soils that have remained long under pasturage.
In the mountain districts, wheat is cultivated only in a
few peculiarly favourable valleys, except where the in-
creased use of lime has extended its growth on the
Siievardagh hills. Sometimes the corn crops are re-
peated until the soil is entirely exhausted, and then it
is left to regain its natural sward, and remains untilled
for a few years. The common mode of planting the
potatoes is in lazy beds, but in many parts they are
now drilled. The artificial grasses are red and white
clover, rye-grass, and hay-seeds, which last are almost
invariably sown whenever land is laid down for grass.
The grass lands are good and sound, and though they
are not in general clothed with the luxuriant herbage
that adorns the county of Limerick, the butter is of
superior quality. The most productive lands are the
abundant tracts of low meadow, stretching along the
banks of the larger rivers descending from the moun-
tains, and constantly enriched by their alluvial depo-
sits : these lands are here designated Inches, signifying
" islands." A considerable portion of fertile land is
devoted to the purposes of the dairy ; and there are
some extensive grazing-farms, on which large herds of
cattle are fattened. The butter, which is made in large
quantities, is mostly packed in firkins, and sent to Clon-
mel, Waterford, or Limerick, for the English market, or
by the canal to Dublin : the demand for it is annually
increasing.
The principal manure is lime, which is extensively
used on the rich lands of the vale, and in reclaiming
and improving the colder soils of the high lands. A
compost of turf mould mixed with the refuse of the
farmyard is also used, particularly for top-dressing.
Limestone-gravel is likewise in demand : that taken
from the escars in the coal district between Killenaule
and New Park, which form fertile and picturesque hills
chiefly composed of this material, was formerly in great
repute as manure, and was always spread on the ground
without being calcined. Agricultural implements and
carriages of improved construction are every year coming
more into use ; a light car with a wicker body is com-
mon. The fences are generally large mounds of earth
from six to eight feet broad at the l)ase, thrown up from
the trench, and frequently topped with whitethorn or
furze. In some districts stone walls are the fence : a
few resident gentlemen have set the example of an im-
proved English system of fencing. Notwithstanding
the undulatory character of the plain country, which
renders the land less retentive of moisture than the con-
tiguous county of Kilkenny, large tracts of the tillage
land require draining. In many parts, a mode of draw-
ing the water off pasture lands, called pipe-draining, has
been introduced from Limerick : it consists of a narrow-
drain, covered with a thick surface sod, resting on an
offset on each side. In some parts of the Ormonds, and
on the lands of the principal gentry throughout the
county, the most approved systems of green-cropping
Vol. II. — 5S5
are practised ; the raising of clover has become general
among the farmers, by whom rape, fla.x, vetches, and
liemp are occasionally sown, though not to any great
extent. Flax is cultivated in small plots, on the head-
lands or in a corner of the field, for domestic use. The
fields are generally very small, even in the dairy districts
seldom exceeding five or six acres, and in tillage land
being from two to four : the number and width of the
ditches in such a mode of arrangement must throw
much land out of cultivation. Great improvements
have taken place latterly in the breeds of every kind of
CATTLE : the breed most esteemed for the dairy is the
Irish cow crossed by the Ilolderness or Durham, the
latter of which seems to thrive best on every soil but
the limestone, where the cross between the Devon and
Limerick answers better. The Kerry cow crossed by the
Old Leicester is small, but fattens rapidly in the lowland
pastures. Sheep arc seldom seen, except with the gentry
and large farmers; the defective system of fencing, the
small holdings, and subsequent minute subdivisions of
the fields, tend to exclude them from the management
of the small farmer : in the mountain districts the small
old hairy country breed is still to be found. Pigs arc
very numerous, forming part of the stock from the
highest to the lowest landholder ; they grow rapidly,
are easily fattened, and much care is bestowed on
them : great numbers are shipped for England, both
alive and dead. The improvement of horses is also
much attended to, although the number is now less
than what it formerly was, the farmers having brought
into use a greater number of asses and mules to per-
form the drudgery. Some of the asses are of a large
Spanish breed ; they are almost every where used by the
poorer classes.
There are very few woods, and these are mostly mere
copses, consisting of underwood, or stunted oak, white-
thorn, and birch. The defect, however, is in course of
being remedied by the numerous plantations around the
mansions of the gentry, in some of the glens, and on
the sides of the hills ; the most extensive wood of this
description is that in the western Galtces, round the
mountain lodge of the Earl of Kingston. Several good
nurseries for forest-trees have been established par-
ticularly in the neighbourhood of Clonmel, and much
encouragement to plant is held out by many of the
landed proprietors. The greatest extent of bog is that
formed originally by the obstructed waters of the Nore,
which constitutes a tract of 36,025 statute acres, between
Roscrea, Urlingford, and Killenaule, forming part of the
Bog of Allen ; its general elevation is about 400 feet
above the level of the sea. This vast tract, now wholly
unprofitable except for fuel, is, according to a compu-
tation made by the surveyors in l.Sll, capable of being
reclaimed at the moderate expense of ris. per acre, and
of being converted into land of the best quality : hut
with the exception of petty encroachments and improve-
ments on the borders, no attempt has hitherto been
made to carry into execution the plans then deemi.l
practicable. The great object is, the removal of ob-
structions in the bed of the Nore, which flows through
these morasses, and must form their main drain. There
are several other detached bogs, all capable of being
reclaimed, because they command a fall towards some
one of the great rivers of the countj'. Yet, notwith-
standing these extended tracts of turbarv, the bog is
4 F
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so unequally distributed that the peasantry ia many
parts suffer much from the want of fuel ; in the neigh-
bourhood of Cahir, the women and children are chiefly
employed in collecting every thing of a combustible
nature from the ditches and roads. In 1786, one of
the smaller bogs of the county overflowed, and sub-
merged some lands in its progress to the Suir at Bally-
griffin.
The MINERAL PRODUCTIONS are various and import-
ant. The plain country forms part of the great lime-
stone field of Ireland. The Roscrea and Devil's-Bit
mountains, which are a continuation of the Slieve-Bloom
chain, consist of sandstone in mass, whose covering
every where assumes the form of conglomerate. The
Keeper and Bilboa mountains, in which this range ter-
minates, consist of a nucleus of clay-slate surrounded
by sandstone, except on the north, near the village of
Silvermines, where the clay-slate comes immediately in
contact with the limestone of the flat district, extending
nearly to Lough Derg : the surrounding sandstone in
some parts forms a red coarse conglomerate similar to
that of Lyons and Donabate, near Dublin, and is quar-
ried for mill-stones. The Galtees, with the subordinate
ridge of Slieve-na-muck, consist wholly of sandstone,
the upper part of which forms strata from one to two
feet thick, gradually curving in the form of the summit:
the sandstone of Slieve-na-muck is in horizontal strata,
which yield excellent flags. The Knockmeledoicn and
MonavuUagh mountains, ranging along the southern
boundary of the county, are likewise composed of clay-
slate, with sandstone at the base and horizontal strata
of the same formation on their summits. The Siieve-
na-inan group is of analogous structure, consisting of a
nucleus of clay-slate surrounded and surmounted by
sandstone, which is connected with the sandstone-hills
stretching by Nine-mile-house towards Carrickon-Suir
and Thomastown. The clay-slate to the east of Slieve-
na-man, extending towards Kilmoganny, yields good
slates, particularly in the quarries of Inchinagloch, or
the Ormond quarries.
The Killenaule coal district chiefly occupies a low
range of heights extending to Coalbrook, on the north-
east, a distance of about 5 miles. The strata consti-
tuting this formation are shale and sandstone, the prin-
cipal bed of the latter forming the main body of the
elevated part of the coal-hills ; the whole occupy a
depression in the limestone strata, from the borders of
which they dip to a common centre, those declining
from the north-west having a descent about twice as
rapid as those from the south-eastern margin". This
bed of sandstone forms narrow troughs or basins lying
north-east and south-west, in which are beds of fire-
clay, forming the immediate floor of the coal and covered
next it by two beds of shale and one of iron-rock. In
some instances this series appears to be repeated ; two
or more seams of coal lie one above the other in the
same trough, and are generally from 40 to 43 yards
from the surface to the upper bed of coal, with a breadth
of from .'SOO to 700 yards. The fire-clay under the coal
varies in thickness from four to nine feet, and is every
where interspersed with vegetable impressions, appa-
rently of grasses, which, when fresh, have a glossy
surface. The roof also exhibits vegetable impressions
of a similar kind, chiefly of ferns, reeds, and grasses,
but occasionally of shells. The coal of the whole dis-
586
trict is of the kind called stone or blind coal, similar to
that of Kilkenny and Queen's county. The value of the
quantity annually raised, previously to 1825, amounted
to about £12,000 ; but has since nearly doubled. The
increase is attributable in a great measure to the exer-
tions of the Mining Company of Ireland, who took
several of the mines on lease, among which were those
of Glangoole, Ballygalavan, and Boulintlea (the last-
named said to be the most extensive coal-field in Ire-
land), and opened that of Mardyke in 1827. The
principal colliery worked by an individual is that of
Coalbrook, the property of Mr. Langley, in which the
beds of coal are not only more extended, but nearer the
surface and more regularly stratified, than any others
in the same neighbourhood : a singular feature in the
strata is their occasional interruption by what are tech-
nically called " hags " or " faults," which consist of sub-
stitutions of firm shale in lieu of coal, commonly from
three to five yards broad, ranging across the troughs in
a north-western and south-eastern direction. The col-
liery has been worked for more than a century by the
family of the present proprietor, and was the only mine
of any importance kept open previously to the Mining
Company's undertaking : the first steam-engine in this
part of the country was erected in it. There are now
extensive collieries in full operation at Ballinastick and
Earl's Hill, belonging to Mr. Going.
The troughs generally contain two or three seams of
coal from one to two feet thick, covering a space varying
from 50 to 600 acres. The undulating surface being
favourable to the construction of adit levels, most of
the seams were worked to the depth at which this mode
was available before much use was made of steam-power.
One-fourth of the produce of the seam is pure coal, and
the remainder culm : the former is pecuharly adapted
to every purpose where a strong regular heat is re-
quired ; it possesses about 87 per cent, of pure carbon,
and, therefore, without any preliminary preparation, is
fit for the use of the maltster, and is carried to great
distances for brewers, distillers, millers, and smiths.
The culm is in great demand for burning lime, and is
likewise made up into balls with a mixture of clay, and
used in the kitchen. The charge for the coal at the pit's
mouth varies from 20j>. to 40s. per ton, according to the
quality; that of the culm, from l6s'. to 18s. The col-
lieries in which steam-engines are employed are worked
on the most approved principles, the engine-pits being
sunk in the lowest part of the field whence the coal is
raised ; eight engines are now erected in the district,
and 34 pits are at work, giving employment to upwards
of 1000 persons. In the Coalljrook pits several valuable
seams of ironstone, yielding about 30 per cent, of metal,
have been found ; but they have not yet been turned to
profitable account.
The Mining Company likewise possesses extensive
SLATE quarries in the hilly tract adjoining the lower
extremity of Lough Derg. Until a late period the pro-
duce of these quarries had to be conveyed by a land
carriage of six miles to Killaloe, whence it was taken by
boats along the Shannon or canal, although the quarries
lie within two miles of the Shannon navigation ; but a
new line of road thither, and the erection of a small
quay in a bay in Lough Derg, allow it now to be con-
veyed at a greatly reduced scale of carriage to every
part of the country with which the Shannon or the canals
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T I P P
comfmuiicate. Tlie produce of the mine has been about
7000 tons annually. The same company had the slate-
tjuarrics at Derry, close to the sliipping-(|uay on the
Shannon, but these are now held by John Salmon, of
Derryville, near Killaloe, Esq. ; and also those at Glen-
patrick, east of Clonmel, of great magnitude and return-
ing a good profit.
But the mineral works of earliest celebrity are the
COi'i'KR and LEAD mines near Silvcrmines. They were
first worked by an English company, who extracted a
considerable proportion of silver from the ore ; after
their lease expired, about a century ago, new veins were
opened and the works extended in different directions
by successive companies. Mr. Hudson, the last lessee,
sold his interest to the Mining Company, who, after
sinking some expensive shafts, relinquished the attempt.
The works were opened in four places, called the Old
Works, Knockeen, and Kevestown, on Lord Dunally's
estate, and Garryard, on that of Lord Norbury. The
Old Works were carried on in a space between the clay-
slate and limestone -rock, which here approach each
other ; being several fathoms wide at the surface, but
contracting until it closes at the depth of about 25
fathoms. This space was filled with clay, sand, decom-
posed slate, and scattered blocks of limestone, lydian
stone, and hornstone ; the whole mass being penetrated
and cemented by metallic deposits, consisting of iron-
ochre in various stages of induration, iron-pyrites, white-
lead ore, galena, malachite (the value of which was un-
known, and which was therefore thrown away), copper-
pyrites, with calcareous spar and heavy spar. In Knock-
enroe is a powerful vein, consisting at the surface prin-
cipally of quartz and iron-pyrites, with some heavy spar,
galena, blende, and copper-pyrites. In Knockeen are
various others, comprising the same substances. About
five miles to the east of Newport is the old copper-mine
of Lackamore, the workings of which were very exten-
sive ; an attempt was made to renew them at the be-
ginning of the present century, but was abandoned on
account of the insufficiency of the machinery to draw off
the water. It was subsequently worked by the Mining
Company, and yielded ores worth from £20 to £30 per
ton ; but has again been abandoned as unprofitable.
Here arc two veins running through clay-slate, and
composed of brown spar, calcareous spar, clay, and iron-
ochre, more or less indurated, a few inches in width ;
and a third vein of the same material, but of greater
thickness, and comprising rich copper-ore in bundles at
Cappaghwhite, Ballysinode, and Gurtdrum, in this
county : these were also held on lease by the Mining
Company, who seem, however, to have made no attempt
to work the two first, though on the last they made an
outlay, in 1S26, of £300. Ores of zinc and manganese
are common in various places, but no efforts are now
being made to work them.
With the exception of an extensive cotton manufac-
tory' at Clonmel, of recent establishment, the county
may be considered to be devoid of manufactures of
importance. The ancient staple manufacture of wool,
of which Clonmel and Carrick-on-Suir formed the centre,
was suppressed by the parliamentary regulations made
shortly after the Revolution, for the avowed purpose of
confining the woollen manufacture to England, and sub-
stituting that of linen in its place in Ireland. Yet not-
withstanding this discouragement, stuffs and ratteens
5S-
werc made in large quantities until the dose of the last
century ; and blankets and flannels, much prized for
their warmth and durability, are still manufactured in
various places. Flax and linen had been manufactured
on a small scale, chiefly for domestic consumption, for
many years, and a few grants towards the erection of
scutching-mills were made by the Linen Board from
1817 to 18'23. In \b'l2, the London Society for the
relief of the western counties in Ireland, during the
famine occasioned by the failure of the crops, besides
supplying nearly £6000 to purchase food for the poor
of this county, remitted £'2500 for the employment of
the peasantry in the linen manufacture ; in addition to
which grant, other sums were contributed by various
charitable societies and by the Linen Board. Societies
were consequently formed in seventeen of the most im-
portant places by ladies of rank and respectability
(among whom was the Countess of Glengall, who allot-
ted 50 acres of land at Cahir for the growth of flax), to
form and superintend establishments for carrying on
the manufacture. But notwithstanding these exertions,
the linen trade, after languishing a few years, may be
said to be nearly extinct in the county. Flour is now
the staple manufacture ; there being 61 large mills for
grinding it on the several rivers throughout the county ;
and this branch of industry is deemed to be of such im-
portance that some of the wealthiest individuals in the
country have embarked their property in it. The com-
merce of the county consists in the extensive exporta-
tion of its agricultural produce, the chief mart being
Clonmel, from which the export trade is so great that
the farmer is here always certain of a favourable market.
The market of Thurles is the second in importance, and
the others for agricultural produce are those of Carrick-
on-Suir, Cahir, Tipperary, Cashel, Tem])lemore, Roscrea,
and Nenagh. Carrick-on-Suir, like Clonmel, exports
by Waterford to the English markets ; Nenagh sends to
Limerick by the Shannon navigation, and to Dublin by
the Grand Canal ; Roscrea, to Dublin, by the Grand
Canal ; while Templemore, Thurles, CasheJ, Tipperary,
and Cahir generally forward their products by land
carriage to Clonmel or Waterford. The rich southern
and eastern plains contribute, perhaps, one-half to the
vast exports from Waterford, of flour, oatmeal, barley,
horned-cattle, sheep, and pigs.
The principal rivers are the Shannon, the Suir, and
the Nore. The Shannon, with its noble expansion.
Lough Derg, forms the western boundary of the county
from the mouth of the Lesser Brosna to within a few-
miles of Limerick, a distance of about 40 statute miles,
throughout the whole of which it is navigable and dis-
plays a grand succession of striking and beautiful
scenery. It receives several streams from the Kilna-
managh hills, the most important of which is that from
Nenagh. The Suir, in consequence of the great length
of its course throughout the entire county from north
to south, forms the grand outlet for the superfluous
waters of by far the greater portion of it. The prin-
cipal tributaries, from the baronies to the east of its
course, are the Derryhogan, the Littleton, and the Anncr ;
from the hills of Kilnamanagh, three considerable
streams, which discharge their waters into it near
Golden ; from the Galtee mountains, the Dunbeg, flow-
ing through the beautiful glen of Aherlow ; and from
the Cummeragh mountains in Waterford, the copious
4F2
T I P P
TI PP
waters of the Nier. The Nore, from its source in the
Slieve-Bloom mountains, flows eastward for about ten
miles through this county, in its way towards Burros-
in-Ossory and Kilkenny ; and though it has a fall of "1
feet in this distance, the various interruptions to its cur-
rent have chiefly caused the formation of the vast tracts
of bog extending along that part of the county.
With the exception of the Shannon and the Suir, the
rivers present greater facihties for irrigation and mill-
sites than for inland navigation. An extension of the
Grand Canal by Mouutmellick, Roscrea, and Cashel, to
Carrick-on-Suir, was at one period proposed. Another
extension was designed to proceed along the western
side of the Slieve-Bloom and Keeper range ; and in the
report of the Board of Works, in 1831, it was recom-
mended to form a still-water communication between
Parsonstown and the river Shannon, by a canal, nearly
parallel with the Lesser Brosna. In IS'25, Mr. Nimmo,
by desire of the resident proprietors, made a survey and
estimate for the construction of a railway to connect the
towns of Cahir, Clonmel, and Carrick-on-Suir, with an
extension in one direction to Limerick and in the other
to Waterford, and with a branch to the Killenaule coal
district. It was also proposed to extend this line from
Cahir to Tipperary, with a branch to Thurles. But no
steps were taken to execute the plan. A line of railway
from Dublin to Cork, subsequently proposed, was in-
tended to enter this county near Callen, and to proceed
through Fethard, Cahir, and Clogheen, to Ballyporeen,
near which it was to enter the county of Cork. This
project, however, was also abandoned, and a better line
is now in progress ; together with a line from Water-
ford to Limerick, crossing the Dublin and Cork railway
near the town of Tipperary.
The roads of common construction are generally in
good order, especially the mail-coach roads. Two lines
of cross road deserve especial notice ; they are called
Anglesey's roads, from having been commenced in 1828
under the immediate order of the Marquess of Anglesey,
then lord-lieutenant : one, connecting the towns of
Newport and Thurles, was completed in 1S30, at an ex-
pense of £9857 i the other, from Nenagh to Tipperary,
was more recently finished, at an expense of about
£17,200. The great object of their construction was,
to open a communication into the mountains through
which they extend, and which had been for many years
the asylum of outlaws and of robbers ; they also afford
the means of agricultural improvement to the district,
by the introduction of lime from the quarries. A new
line has been opened from Mitchelstown to Tipperary ;
another, from Lismore to Mitchelstown, through the
Knockmeledown range ; and a third, being an extension
of the Mitchelstown line, from Tipperary by Dundrum,
in the direction of Thurles. Great facilities of inter-
course throughout the country are afforded by the
exertions of Mr. Bianconi, an intelligent Italian settled
at Clonmel, who first established a communication be-
tween Clonmel and Cahir by a jaunting car in 1815, and
now has depots of cars and horses in every post-town
in the county ; in all the counties of Munster except
Clare, and of Connaught except Sligo ; and in the
counties of Carlow, Kilkenny, King's, Queen's, Long-
ford, Westmeath, and Wexford, in Leinster. There are
84 cars, 816 horses, and 469 men, constantly engaged ;
some of the cars carry the cross mails.
588
The most numerous remains of antiquity are the
raths or earthworks of various kinds, scattered over the
surface of the county. There are also many little
mounds, called Clogh Breagh, or " Stones of Sorrow,"
said to have been formed by passengers casting a stone
each on a spot where any person had met with a violent
death. Within the limits of the county are two ancient
round towers, in good preservation ; one on the Rock
of Cashel, and the other at Roscrea. In a small bog
near Cullen have been found an amazing number of
valuable relics, of a very remote period of antiquity :
they include utensils of brass ; ingots, plates, plain
pieces, and numerous ornaments, of gold ; a quantity
of arrow and spear heads ; gold cups, tubes, rings, and
chains ; brass spears of very extraordinary form ; and
other articles of a similar kind. The number of reli-
gious houses is stated to have been 40 ; and there are
still remains of those of Ardfinnan and Athassel, the
Dominican and Franciscan houses at Cashel, and the
houses of Clonmel, Corbally, Fethard, Holy Cross, Hore
Abbey, Lorragh (where are the remains of three reli-
gious edifices), Monaincha, Roscrea, Thurles, and Kil-
cooly. There are also an old decayed ecclesiastical
building at Mullinahone, and numerous decayed parish
churches. But the ruins that claim pre-eminent notice
are those on the Rock of Cashel, described in the ac-
count of that city, u-h'ich see. Remains of ancient castles
are to be met with in every part. The most remarkable
are those of Nenagh Round, Ardfinnan, Cahir, Lismalin,
Grestown, Gralla near Killenaule, Mealiffe, and Drum-
ban in the parish of Mealiffe ; two at Roscrea ; and two
at Thurles ; besides which may be particularly noticed
the old castellated mansion in the town of Carrick-on-
Suir ; Carrick Castle, formerly the seat of the Earl of
Carrick ; and Killaghy Castle. Burnt Court is a very
fine specimen of an ancient fortified mansion, and there
are some remains of another at Thurles. The chief
modern mansions of the nobility and gentry are noticed
in their respective parishes. The celebrated natural
caves near Mitchelstown, lately discovered, are in the
parish of Templetenny, in this county, under which
head a detailed description of them is given.
The title of Earl of Tipperary is enjoyed by His Royal
Highness Prince Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cam-
bridge.
TIPPERARY, a market-town, a parish, and the
head of a union, in the barony of Clanwilliam, county
of Tipperary, and province of Munster, 18:^ miles
(W. N. W.) from Clonmel, and lOOf (S. W.) from Dub-
lin, on the coach-road from Waterford to Limerick ;
containing 731 1 inhabitants, of whom 5643 are in the
town, which extends into the parishes of Corroge and
Cardangan and contains altogether 7370 inhabitants.
This place, which is of great antiquity, is supposed to
have derived its name, Tipra-Rae, signifying in the
Irish language " the well of the plains, " and of which
its present appellation is only a slight modification, from
its situation at the base of the Slieve-na-muck hills,
forming a portion of the Galtee mountains. A castle
was erected here by King John for the defence of the
territory acquired by the English ; to which may be
attributed the growth of the town ; and the subsequent
foundation of a monastery for Augustinian canons in the
reign of Henry HI. contributed materially to its increase.
The town gives name to the county, and appears to have
T I P P
TOMB
had formerly a corporation, from a grant made in 1310
by Edward II. to " the Bailiffs and Good Men of Typc-
rary," allowing them " murage (as Adare) for three
years." In I3'29 the town was burnt by Breyn O'Breyn ;
but the monastery appears to have subsisted till the
Dissolution, when it was granted by Henry VIII. to
Dermot Ryan, at a yearly rent of eightpcnce.
The present town is situated on the river Arra, and
consists of one principal street, from which smaller streets
branch off at right angles; it contains 11*5 houses,
several of which arc well built and of handsome appear-
ance. The inhabitants are supplied with water from
a public fountain, erected at the expense of Stafford
O'Brien, Esq., who, with the representatives of John
Smith Barry, Esq., is proprietor of the town, which is
now lighted with gas and has been placed under the
provisions of the Cleansing act. Considerable improve-
ments have been made, and are in progress ; many of
the old houses have been taken down and new buildings
erected, and the town has a very neat and thri\ ing ap-
pearance : a sub-post office to Cappaghwhite and Bansha
has been established. There are temporary barracks
for the accommodation of 100 infantry. The principal
trade is in agricultural produce, which is purchased in
the market for shipment to Waterford and Limerick, to
which places about 30,000 casks of butter are sent an-
nually ; and there is a large retail trade for the supply
of the populous and extensive surrounding district. A
branch of the National Bank has been opened. In the
excise arrangements the town is within the district of
Clonmel. The Dublin and Cork and the Limerick and
Waterford raihvays pass in the vicinity. The markets,
which are amply supplied, are on Thursday and Satur-
day ; and fairs are held on April 5th, June '24th, Oct.
10th, and Dec. 10th : the market-bouse (over which is
a news-room), a neat building in the centre of the
town, and the shambles, were erected at the expense of
the late Mr. Barry. This place is the residence of the
chief magistrate of police for the district, who has
generally from '20 to '25 men stationed here ; and there
are an excellent new bridewell, and a new court-house
in which quarter-sessions are held. Petty-sessions are
held every Thursday.
The parish comprises 4363 statute acres : the land is
of good quality, and in a high state of cultivation ; the
system of agriculture is improved, and there is no waste.
Limestone of good quality is quarried in the vicinity,
and adjoining the quarry is also one of building-stone.
The principal seats are, Sadleir's Wells, a handsome
house in a fine demesne, the grounds and gardens of
which are tastefully laid out ; Scalliheen ; Roesborough,
finely situated in an improved demesne ; and Pegs-
borough. The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of
Cashel, united by act of council, in 168'2, to the rectory
and vicarage of Templenoe and the rectories of Clon-
bulloge and Kilfeacle, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £'20". 14.
The glebe-house is in the parish of Templenoe ; it was
built in 1*76: the glebes comprise 36^ acres, including
about half an acre in the centre of the main street, on
which are three houses let for £100 per annum. The
gross value of the benefice, before the passing of the
Rent- charge act, was £967. 7. per annum. The church,
situated in the town, was erected in 1S30, at a cost
exceeding £4000, of which the Board of First Fruits
5«9
advanced a loan of £2800 ; the Ecclesiastical Commiu-
sioners recently granted £1'27 for its repair. The Ro-
man Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the
Established Church : there is a chapel in the town ;
also a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists, a
dispensary, and a fever hospital. The union workhouse,
on a site of six acres held at a rent of £25. 4., and for
which the occupying tenant received £150 compensa-
tion, was completed in 1840 at a cost of £6240, and is
constructed for 700 inmates. On the lawn in front of
a classical school are some remains of the Augustiniari
monastery, consisting chiefly of an arched gateway, from
which circumstance the school building is called Abbey
House. There is a chalybeate spring in the adjoining
hills, much frequented during summer.
TIPPERKEVIN, a parish, in the union of Naas,
barony of South Naas, county of Kildare, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 3 miles (W. S. W.) from Blessing-
ton ; containing 744 inhabitants. This parish com-
prises 3751 statute acres, of a light gravelly soil; the
state of agriculture is gradually improving, and a great
number of calves are fattened here for the Dublin
market. Slate exists, but is not at present worked.
The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Dublin, con-
stituting the corps of the prebend of Tipperkevin in the
cathedral of St. Patrick, Dublin, in the patronage of
the Archbishop : the tithe rent-charge is £88. 7. 6., and
there is a glebe of 80 acres. The church is a neat edifice
in the later English style, erected in 1830 by aid of a
grant of £900 from the Board of First Fruits ; and the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £164 for
its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the pa-
rish forms part of the district of Ballymore-Eustace.
At Barretts-town are the ruined castle of that name,
and an ancient burial-ground ; and at Slieve Ruagh.
Dawdingstown, and Bishop's Hill, are moats or raths.
TISSASSON.— See Teighsasson.
TITESKIN, county of Cork.— See Kilteskin.
TOBARMORE.— See Ti bbermore.
TOBERAHEENA, a village, in the parish of Inms-
LONNAGH, union of Clonmel, barony of Iffa and
Offa West, county of Tipperary, and province of
Munster ; containing 83 houses, and 453 inhabit-
ants.
TOBERSCANAVAN.— See Tubberscanavin.
TOEM, county of Tipperary. — See Toom.
TOGHER.— See Rovndwood.
TOLKA, a village, in the parish of Finglas, union
of North Dublin, barony of Castleknock, county
of Dublin, and province of Leinster ; containing 54
houses, and 275 inhabitants.
TOMB, a parish, partly in the barony of Gorev,
but chiefly in that of Scarawalsh, union of Gorey,
county of Wexford, and province of Leinster, 3 miles
(S. W.) from Gorey, on the road to Enniscorthy ; con-
taining, with the post-town of Camolin, 2087 inhabit-
ants. It is situated on the river Bann, and comprises
59795 statute acres. Fairs for black-cattle and pigs
are held at Camolin, nliiclt see. The seats are Norris-
raount and Meadop Hall. The living is a rectory, in
the diocese of Ferns, united by act of council in 1720
to those of Kilcomb and Rossmanogue, together con-
stituting the corps of the prebend of Tomb in the ca-
thedral of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Bishop.
The tithe rent-charge of the parish is £20*, and there
T O M G
TO M H
is a glebe of 20 acres ; also a glebe of 7 acres in Ross-
manogue : the gross tithe of the benefice amounts to
£484. 12. The church, a small plain structure with a
low square tower, is situated in the town of Camolin j
it was built in 1772, and enlarged in 1820 by a loan of
£600 from the Board of First Fruits. The ruins of an
old church at Balliuclare still exist. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of the district
called Camolin, belonging to the Roman Catholic bishop
of Ferns, and comprising also the parishes of Leskinfere
(or Clough), Ballycannew, Rossmanogue, and the greater
part of Kilnehue ; the chapels are at Camolin, Crane-
ford, Monaseed, and Balloughter.
TOMDEELY.— See Dromdeley.
TOMFINLOE, or Tomfinlogh, a parish, in the
union of Ennis, barony of Lower Bunratty, county
of Clare, and province of Munster, 4 miles (N. W.)
from Six-mile-bridge, on the road to Ennis ; containing,
with the town of Nevvmarket-on-Fergus, 4401 inhabit-
ants. It comprises 6736 statute acres. The land is in
general rich, and chiefly in pasture ; there is, however,
some craggy land and bog : the state of agriculture is
much improved, chiefly owing to the example and exer-
tions of the late Sir Edward O'Brien, of Dromoland,
Bart. Fairs and petty-sessions are held at Newmarket,
which see. Besides the seats noticed under the head of
Newmarket, the following are in this vicinity ; Ballycar,
Shepperton, Ralahine, Caherbane, Carrigeary, and Fin-
loe or Finlough, the last situated on the lake of that
name. The parish is in the diocese of Killaloe. Part
of the rectory was episcopally united, in 1802, to those
of Kilnasoolagh, Kilconry, Kilmaleery, Clonloghan,
Dromline, Fiuogh, and Bunratty, together constituting
the rectorial union of Tradree or Traddery, also called
the union of Tomfinlogh, and in the patronage of the
Wyndham family ; the remainder of the rectory is ap-
propriate to the bishop's mensal. The vicarage forms
part of the union of Kilfinaghty. The tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £107. 1., of which £46. 7. are payable
to the rector, £23. 4. to the vicar, and the remainder to
the bishop ; the gross tithe of the rectorial benefice
amounts to £509. 1. Adjoining the ruins of the church
is a glebe of 2f acres. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Newmarket :
the chapel, a spacious building, is situated in the town.
The old castle of Ralahine still exists ; and on Mohawn
Hill is an ancient fort or rath of considerable dimen-
sions.
TOMGRANEY, or Tomgrenei, a parish, in the
union of Scariff, barony of Upper Tulla, county of
Clare, and province of Munster ; containing, with
the post-town of Scariff and the village of Tomgraney,
6113 inhabitants, of whom 371 are in the village. An
abbey was founded here in the earliest age of Chris-
tianity in Ireland, and flourished for many centuries :
in 886 and 994 it was plundered. The church and
steeple were rebuilt in 964 by the venerable Cormac
O'Killcen, abbot of this house as well as that of Ros-
common, and both abbot and bishop of Clonmacnois.
In 1027 the steeple is said to have been again rebuilt by
the great Brien Boroimhe ; but in 1084 the abbey was
reduced to ashes by O'Rourke of Breffny, who' was,
however, overtaken and slain by the men of this county.
In 1 164 it was again destroyed, and, after being rebuilt,
was plundered about the year 1170. The only ancient
590
ecclesiastical building now existing is the parish church
which is in the Norman style of architecture. The
parish is situated on the river and bay of Scariff open-
ing into Lough Derg on the Shannon, and is on the new
line of road from Killaloe to Portumna, constructed
chiefly along the shores of the lough. It comprises
14,181 statute acres. The land is in general excellent,
and the soil in the vicinity of Scariff consists of lime-
stone shale ; limestone and granite abound, and there
is a considerable portion of reclaimable bog : the state
of agriculture has been much improved. Great facility
of communication with Dublin and Limerick is afforded
by the vessels of the Inland Steam-Navigation Com-
pany, which ply daily between those places. Fairs are
held at the village on March 17th, May I7th, June 2nd,
and Oct. 10th; and petty-sessions on alternate Fridays:
a court for the manor of Raheens is held there once a
fortnight. The seats are, Raheens, abounding with fine
timber, and well stocked with deer ; Drewsborough
House ; Ballyvannon House, the seat of Lord Dun-
boyne ; and Shannon View ; all commanding most in-
teresting views of Lough Derg and the surrounding
scenery.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Killaloe, held
from time immemorial with one-third part of the rectory
of Kilballyhone, together constituting the corps of the
prebend of Tomgraney, in the patronage of the Rev.
Thomas B. Brady, the present incumbent. The tithe
rent-charge is £311. 11., and, including the portion of
Kilballyhone, £373. 17. The glebe comprises 12 acres;
the glebe-house was built in IS 14, when the Board of
First Fruits gave £100 and lent £1500 for its erection.
The church, a small building without a tower, has been
repaired and improved, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
having granted £124 for that purpose. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the south-western portion of the
parish forms the head of the district of Tomgraney,
which also includes the parish of Kilnoe ; the north-
eastern portion forms the head of the district of Scariff,
which also comprises the parish of Moynoe. In the
former district are the chapels of Tomgraney and
Bodike, and in the latter those of Scariff and Knock-
O'Grady ; the chapel of Bodike is in the parish of Kil-
noe, and the three others in this parish. At Tomgraney
are the remains of an old castle, and nearly in the
centre of the village rises a singularly shaped rock.
Lead-ore exists in the vicinity, but has not been worked ;
at Ballymalone is a chalybeate spring.
TOMHAGGARD, a parish, in the barony of Bargy,
union and county of Wexford, and province of Lein-
STER, 8 miles (S.) from Wexford, on the road to Kil-
more ; containing 774 inhabitants. This parish, which
is situated at the north-western extremity of the lake of
Tacumshane, comprises 2180 statute acres, and, together
with the neighbourhood, is remarkable for its high state
of cultivation, chiefly owing to the example and personal
exertions of the late James Harvey, Esq., of Bargy
Castle, who for several years distributed premiums at
his own expense for improvements in agriculture. Sea-
weed is brought up the lake, and generally used for
manure ; building-stone is found in the parish. Bargy
Castle, which gave name to the barony, is supposed to
have been built either by Harvey de Montemarisco, or
some other early Anglo-Norman settler; but no part
of that ancient fortress is now remaining, except what
T O M R
T O () M
is incorporated with the present and comparatively
modern castellated mansion, flanked with towers, and
surmounted with battlements. The predecessor of the
late Mr. Harvey, Beauchamp B. Harvey, Esq., on the
evacuation of Wexford by the king's troops, was induced
to take the command of the insurgents, which he held
for a short time. After the termination of the dis-
turbances he took refuge in the Great Saltce Island, but
was discovered and brought to Wexford, where he was
tried and executed ; the estate, however, which was
forfeited to the crown, was subsequently restored to the
family. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns,
episcopally united to the vicarages of Kilturk and Kil-
more, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent- charge of the parish is £l,'j'2. 7., and the gross
tithe of the benefice £'298. IS. The glebes of the union,
which are contiguous to the sites of the respective
churches, consist of '24 acres ; there is no glebe-house.
The church is in ruins : that of the union is at Kilturk ;
it was built in ISOS, by aid of a gift of £600 from the
Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms part of the district of Kilmore, and
contains a chapel. Near the chapel is a holy well
dedicated to St. Anne, where, on July '26th, a pa-
tron is held ; and on the eve of this patron the re-
latives of deceased persons deck their graves with
flowers.
TOMREGAN, a parish, in the union of Lisnaskea,
partly in the barony of Knockninny, county of Fer-
M.\NAGH, and partly in that of Lower Lolghtee, but
chiefly in the barony of Tullaghagh, county of Cavan,
and province of Ulster, on the road from Belturbet to
Swanlinbar ; containing, with the post-town of Bally-
connell (which is separately described), 4'21'2 inhabitants.
This parish, which is situated on the river Woodford,
comprises 10,678 statute acres ; saOOj are in the county
of Fermanagh, and of the remainder ^'2565 are in Lower
Lough tee and 5'2'21 in Tullaghagh, county of Cavan.
About '275 are under water. The river has its source in
the county of Leitrim, and after reaching Woodford,
formerly the residence of the Gore family, and from
which it takes its name, passes through two lakes, and,
becoming deep and broad, might at a trifling expense
be made navigable to Lough Erne, a distance of nearly
nine miles. The lauds are in a very iuditfercnt state of
cultivation ; and a large portion capable of being ren-
dered profitable is allowed to remain waste : there is
abundance of bog, affording a good supply of fuel. The
mountainous parts abound with iron-ore and coal, which
might be easily raised ; but no regular works have been
established, though some of the coal has been sent to
Ballyhays, Cavan, and to the great iron-works at Arigna.
Slieve Russell, which borders on Fermanagh, and is the
highest land in this county, is partly within the parish ;
it is chiefly waste and barren, the surface being in some
parts very rocky, and in others a mere swamp. Lead
and silver ore have been brought down the stream
which flows from the mountain of Ortnacullagh, in the
vicinity of the parish. There are some quarries of ex-
cellent limestone and granite, and marble is also found
in some of the townlands ; the materials for Cavan
court-house, Cloncorick Castle, and the episcopal palace
of Kilmore, were supplied from these quarries. Bally-
connell House, the residence of John Enery, Esq.,
beautifully situated in a fine demesne on the Woodford
591
river, is within the parish. There is a small flour
mill.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Kilmore, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe
rent-charge is £97. •'>. The glebe-house was built in
181'2, at an expense of £138.5 British, of which £969
were a loan and £9'2 a gift from the late Board of First
Fruits: the glebe comprises 380 acres valued at £38 1. 13.,
of which .50 acres are bog, and the remainder arable
and pasture land. The church was built about 90 years
since at the expense of Colonel Montgomery, and was
cidarged in 18'20 at an expense of £9'23 British, half a
gift and half a loan from the Board ; it has recently
been further improved at an expense of £70, of which
£60 were contributed by the Rev. Mr. Carson, and the
remainder by the Rev. J. Storey, the incumbent. It
occupies a picturesque situation on the road to Ballina-
more, and, with the adjacent school-house, forms a pleas-
ing object as seen from the mountains. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the district of
Knockninny, and partly in that of Druralainc, but
chiefly in that of Kildallon ; the chapel, at Ballycon-
nell, is a good slated building. There is a place of wor-
ship for Primitive Wesleyan Methodists. In the moun-
tains are some curious caves.
TOOM, or ToEM, a parish, partly in the barony of
Clanwilliam, but chiefly in that of Upper Ktlne-
MANAGH, union and county of Tipperary, and province
of MuNSTER, 65 miles (N. W.) from Tipperary ; con-
taining 4277 inhabitants. This parish, which is also
called Toemverig, is situated on the river Anycarthy,
near the new line of road from Tipperary to Nenagh ;
and was noted for its priory of Canons Regtdar, dedi-
cated to St. Donan, who was formerly honoured here as
patron, and was probably the founder. The house was
a cell to the abbey of Inchenemeo ; subsisted till the
Dissolution ; and was granted by Queen Elizabeth, in
the 28th of her reign, to Miler Magrath, Archbishop of
Cashel. The parish comprises 11,678 statute acres,
including some extensive tracts of mountain which
might be easily reclaimed, large tracts of bog both on
the mountain and low lands, and considerable quantities
of marl. At HoUyford and Ballysinode, near Cappagh-
white, are copper-mines wrought by the Mining Com-
pany ; the ore is shipped at Clonmel in boats to Piltown
or Waterford, to be transhipped for Swansea. The
seats are Cappagh House, High Park, and Kilbeg. The
living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cashel, and in the
patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is
£l6l. 11. The church has been lately rebuilt at a cobt
of £900. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is partly a district of itself, called Cappaghwhite, from
the chapel being in that village. There is a chalybeate
spring, in great repute.
TOOMAVARA, a village, in the parish of Aghna-
MEADLE, union of Nenagh, barony of LTpper Or-
MOND, county of Tipperary, and province of Minster.
5 miles (E.) from Nenagh, and on the coach-road from
Dublin to Limerick ; containing Sbo inhabitants. This
place, the name of which signifies " the burial-place ot
the O'Mearas," is a constabulary police station ; and
has fairs on Whit-Monday, July '27th. Sept. '29th, and
Nov. 4th, chiefly for cattle, corn, and butter. A stream
runs through the village, and presents a good site for a
mill. In the Roman Catholic divisions Toomavara is
TORY
TO W A
the head of a district, comprising the parishes of Aghna- 55° 16' 10", and Ion. S° 15', erected by the Corporation
meadle and Ballymackey, in each of which is a chapel ; for Improving the Port of Dublin, in 183^ : it is a bright
that in the village is a neat building. Here are also fixed light, the lantern elevated 12'2 feet above the sea
the parish church, and a dispensary. Some ruins here at high water, and may be seen for 17 nautical miles
are supposed to be those of a preceptory of the Knights when the atmosphere is clear. There are four landing-
Templars ; near the village stand the two ancient castles places, Camusmore, Tormore, Port-Doon, and Port-
of Knockane and Blane. Delligan. With southerly winds, a vessel may stop on
TOOjME, a post-town or village, in the parish of the east side of the island in fair weather. The clay
DuNEANE, union of Ballymena, barony of Upper found in one of the churches is held in veneration as a
TooME, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, preservative from injuries of any kind, particularly from
■^^■2-^ miles (W. N. W.) from Belfast, on the road to Lon- fire. Ruins of several ecclesiastical buildings exist here,
donderry, and 102| (N. by VV.) from Dublin ; containing including those of an abbey of which St. Ernan, the son
95 inhabitants. This place, which gives name to the of St. Colman, was abbot about 650 ; another ruin yet
barony, had at a very early period a ford or ferry across presents a steeple 64 feet high and 54 feet in cir-
the river Bann, which formed the only pass from one cumference. Here are also two stone crosses, one
part of Ulster to the other, and which, on the first in- 7 feet, the other 3 feet, in length. About a mile ofiF are
.asion of the English, was considered to be of so much
importance that De Courcey erected a castle here for
Its protection. Toome has been the scene of many
sanguinary contests, its name being conspicuous in the
history of all the insurrections that have occurred in
this part of the country. In the parliamentary war the
the ruins of an old building, called by the inhabitants
Ballaas Castle.
TOUGH, or TtoRAGH, a parish, in the barony of
OwNEYBEG, union and county of Limerick, and pro-
vince of Munster, 9 miles (S. E.) from Limerick, and
on the little river Mulcairn, or Mukhair ; containing
astle was surprised and taken by the Roman Catholic 3*53 inhabitants. This parish comprises 6519 statute
bishop of Clogher, in 1650, but was soon after taken by acres of land, some of which is very fertile, some indif-
Colonel Venables, an officer in Oliver Cromwell's army, ferent, and some bog : it is partly under a tolerable
by whose orders it was subsequently dismantled. In system of cultivation, but generally the holdings are
the disturbances of 1798, a body of insurgents, after small, and the inhabitants very poor. At Drumsally is
their defeat at Antrim, retreated from Randalstown to an extensive tract of turbary, around which stand a
this place, and posted themselves on the eastern side of great number of wretched cabins. Fairs are held at
the river, where they remained for two days ; and on the the village of Cappamore, u-hich see. Near the river is
approach of General Knox, who was marching hither Tower Hill, a fine house and demesne. The parish is a
with 1500 of the yeomanry, to prevent the disaffected rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Emly, forming
of Derry from joining them, they broke down one of part of the union of Abington ; the tithe rent-charge
the arches of the bridge, with a view to interrupt his is £187. 10- lu the Roman Catholic divisions the
progress. The village contains 17 houses, and is situ- parish is the head of a district, called Cappamore, com-
ated on the eastern bank of the river, over which, in its prising this parish and those of Clonkeen, Abington,
short course from Lough Beg into Lough Neagh, is a and part of Doon : the chapel is a large plain edifice, in
handsome bridge, erected at the sole expense of a late the village. Not far from Tower Hill are the ruins of
Earl O'Neill. It has a sub-post office to Randalstown, the church.
and is a constabulary police station : in the court-house TOUGHCLUGGIN, a parish, in the union of Tip-
are held petty-sessions every fortnight, and the court perary, barony of Coonagh, county of Limerick, and
for the manor of MuUaghgane. A pleasure-fair is held province of Munster, on the confines of the county of
at the bridge on Easter-Monday. The remains of the Tipperary, o-^ miles (N. W.) from Tipperary ; containing
castle have fallen from the cliff, and are scattered on 822 inhabitants, and comprising 2094 statute acres. It
the strand of Lough Neagh ; many cannon balls have
been found near its site.
TORY, or Torre, an island, in the parish of Tul-
i.aguobigley, union of Dunfanaghy, barony of Kilma-
CRENAN, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster,
on the north-west coast, three leagues (N. VV.) from
Horn Head, two leagues (N. E.) fiom Bloody Farland
Point, and 12 miles (S. W.) from Dunfanaghy; contain-
ing 399 inhabitants. It is about three miles in length.
vicarage, in the diocese of Emly, forming part of
the union of Cullen ; the rectory is impropriate in W.
Wilson, Esq. ; and the tithe rent-charge is £60, payable
in moieties to the impropriator and the vicar.
TOWAGHTY, a parish, in the union of Ballin-
ROBE, barony of Carra, county of Mayo, and province
of Con naught, on the road from Castlebar to Holly-
mount ; containing, with the post-town of Ballyglass
(which see), 1297 inhabitants ; and comprising 3067^
and one in breadth, comprising 785^ statute acres, of statute acres of land, with but very little bog. Petty-
ihich a small portion is arable or pasture, the
mainder being mountain or barren sands. There are
two lakes. Lough Ahoey and Lough Ayes, on the west-
ern side ; and one, Lough Aher, on the southern side, of
the island. Clay is found of different kinds and colours,
some of which is made by the inhabitants into earthen
sessions are held at Ballyglass, which is a constabulary
police station. Within the parish is Tower-Hill, the
beautiful seat of Major Blake, situated in a noble de-
mesne ; the house stands on an eminence commanding
fine views of the surrounding country and the adjacent
mountains of Partrce. The living is a rectory, in the
\essels capable of resisting a strong heat. The spinning diocese of Tuam, entirely appropriate to the vicars-choral
of flax and wool is carried on to some extent, the girls of St. Patrick's, Dublin ; the tithe rent- charge is £45.
i-oinmencing as soon as they are able to sit at the wheel; The duties are performed by the curate of Balla, in the
the men are employed in agriculture and fishing. On church of Drum. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
the north point of the island is a lighthouse, in lat. parish forms part of the district of Ballintobber.
592
T R A C
T R A C
TOVVMORE, or Tuymoue, a parish, in the union
of SwiNFORD, barony of Gallen, county of Mayo, and
province of Connaugiit, on the new mail-coach road
from Swinford to Ballina, and on the river Moy ; con
taining, with the market and post town of Foxford, 3~44
inhabitants. This parish comprises 6" 87^ statute acres ;
there are extensive mountainous and rocky tracts, and
it is for the most part surrounded by a chain of high
mountains, rendering it remarkably salubrious. Iron-
works were formerly carried on, but when the fuel
failed they were abandoned ; and here are very superior
quarries of flagstone, which is used for roofing houses.
The river is particularly beautiful, receiving in its ser-
pentine course the waters of other streams, and is- dis-
charged into the sea at Ballina. The gentlemen's seats
are Dove Hall, Carrick, and Clongec. The parish is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Achonry, forming part of the
union of Strade or Templemore ; the rectory is impro-
priate in W. J. Bourke, Esq., and the tithe rent- charge
is £I,t6. 12., equally divided between the impropriator
and the vicar. The church, which is one of two in the
uni(m, is a plain building in the town of Foxford, erected
in 1801 by parochial assessment, at an expense of about
£400; a tower and gallery were added to it in 1826,
by aid of a loan of £300 from the late Board of First
Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
a separate benefice ; the chapel is a large slated build-
ing, at Foxford. Here is an old burial-ground, with
the ruins of a church and the remains of an ancient
monument, on which is an inscription now illegible ; it
is held in great veneration by the country people. In a
garden at Foxford, a brass coin or medal was found in
1835 ; it represents a bishop and a church, with a de-
faced motto, and on the reverse are the words " Floreat
Her," with a crown and a harp, and a pope at his devo-
tions, looking up to the crown.
TRABOLGAN, a ploughland, in the parish of
Aghada, union of Midleton, barony of Imokilly,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 6| miles
(S. W.) from Cloyne, and on the eastern side of the
entrance of Cork harbour : the population is returned
with the parish. It comprises 842 statute acres. Here
is an extensive and valuable slate-quarry employing a
great number of workmen, whence slate of durable
quality and excellent colour is procured. Roche's-
Tower lighthouse is within this ploughland, as is also a
coast-guard station. It is ecclesiastically known as a
particle, forming part of the mensal of the Bishop of
Cork, to whom the tithe rent-charge, amounting to
£111. 1., is payable: the cure of souls devolves upon
the rector of Corkbeg.
TRACTON, a parish, in the tinioD of Kinsale, ba-
rony of Kinnalea, county of Cork, and province of
Munster, 4 miles (S.) from Carrigaline, on the road to
Roberts-Cove, and on that from Ringabella to Kinsale ;
containing 2959 inhabitants, of whom 115 are in the
village. An abbey of Cistercian monks was founded
here by the family of ]\rCarthy, in 1224, the monks
being brought from If'hitdand, in Carmarthenshire,
South Wales, called also " De Alba Luuda," and " Alho
TraclK," whence the name of this parish is thought to
be derived. In 1375, Edward III. confirmed the seve-
ral possessions which had been granted to the abbey.
According to Dr. Smith, great numbers of pilgrims
annually visited this place on Holy Thursday, to pay
Vol. II.— 593
their devotions to a piece of the real cross that the
monks were reputed to possess, which relic was pre-
sented by Barry Oge, and preserved here with religious
veneration until the suppression of the monasteries.
The abbot regularly sat as a lord of parliament. In
1568 the abbey and its po.ssessions were granted by
Queen Elizabeth to Henry Guildford and Sir James
Craig, on payment of a fine of £7. 15. ; the latter after-
wards assigned his interest to Richard, first earl of
Cork, who obtained a grant of the place in the 7th of
James I. ; it now forms part of the estate of the Earl
<5f Shannon.
The parish comprises 6097 statute acres. The land
is very good, and chiefly in dairy-farms ; about one-
fourth is arable, producing wheat and potatoes : the
manure is principally sea-sand, which is brought in
boats manned with three 'men each to Menane bridge,
on Ringabella creek ; where also sea-coal, the fuel
mostly used, is landed. Near Tracton is a small bog.
At Ahnacarriga, the property of the Earl of Shannon,
are valuable lead-mines, worked some years since, but
now discontinued. At Ringabella are very extensive
works, conducted by an English company of miners,
and employing upwards of £400 persons ; the ore
raised is very good. Not f; r from the church are
rocks of excellent slate, but the quarries are very indif-
ferently worked. The creek is navigable for hookers
up to Menane bridge, about three miles from the sea ;
it is very intricate on account of the serpentine course
it takes, but not dangerous. A canal has been contem-
plated, to commence at the bridge and to continue
through the valley to Belgooley, about ten miles, which
would be very beueficial, as great quantities of manure
are obliged now to be carried overland. The gentle-
men's seats are Ringabella, Gurtnagrenane, Broomley,
and Fountainstown.
The living is an impropriate cure, in the diocese of
Cork, united to those of Kilmony, Kilpatrick, Bally-
foyle, Kinnure, and Clontead, and in the patronage of
the Earl of Shannon, in whom the rectory is impropri-
ate : the tithe rent-charge is £302. 12. 6., wholly pay-
able to the impropriator. The income of the perpetual
curate arises from £25 from the Earl of Shannon, and
£50 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The glebe-
house was erected by aid of £450 and a loan of £50, in
1814, from the late Board of First Fruits ; the glebe
comprises 24 acres : both the house and land, however,
have been given up to the original proprietor from
whom the Board purchased the land, although £650
were expended in building, and £500 as a fine, so as to
reduce the rent of the land. The church, surrounded by
a grove of trees at the bottom of a deep valley, forms
a pleasingly picturesque object ; it is a plain building
with a small tower and low spire, erected upon the site
of the ancient abbey, by aid of a loan of £1000, in
1819, from the Board. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is the head of a district, sometimes
called Kinnalea, comprising this parish and those of
Nohoval, Kilpatrick, Ballyfoyle, and Kinnure ; and con-
taining two chapels : that at Menane bridge is a large
neat edifice, recently enlarged and improved by sub-
scription. Inconsiderable remains of the old abbey
may be traced ; and numerous sculptured stones, scat-
tered in the neighbourhood, afford some idea of the
magnificent character of the structure. Tracton gave
4 G
TR A L
the title of Baron to James Dennis, chief baron of the
exchequer, in l/Sl, but the title is extinct ; a splendid
monument of white marble has been erected to his me-
mory in the cathedral at Cork. A chalybeate spring
exists here, but is not now used.
TRADDERY.— See Tomfinloe.
m^M
Seal.
TRALEE, a borough,
assize, sea-port, market, and
post town, a parish, and the
head of a union, in the barony
of Trughenackmy, county
of Kerry, and province of
MuNSTER, 584: miles (W. N.
W.) from Cork, and 151 (S.
W. by W.) from Dublin ; con-
taining 1'2,534 inhabitants,
of whom 10,590 are in the
town, which extends into the
parish of Ratass and con-
tains altogether 11,363 inhabitants. Its ancient name,
Traleigh, "the Strand of the Leigh," is derived from its
situation near the point at which the river Leigh or
Lee discharges itself into the broad sandy bay of Tra-
lee ; this river, though apparently so insignificant as to
be covered over during its course through the town, is
occasionally so much swelled by the winter torrents
from the mountains as to cause much inconvenience,
and at times damage, to the inhabitants. The first
historical notice of the place is the record of the foun-
dation of a Dominican monastery, in \'2\3, by John
Fitz-Thomas of the Geraldine family, who, having been
slain with his son Maurice and many of his followers
in the battle waged at Callan against M'^Carthy More,
was interred in it. In 13'25, Maurice Fitz-Maurice,
fourth lord of Kerry, slew Dermot M<^Carthy here in
the presence of the judge of assize, for which act he
was severely punished. In 15/6, the great Earl of
Desmond, who claimed that his palatinate should not
be amenable to the jurisdiction of the king's judges,
having in vain endeavoured to prevent Sir William
Drury, then lord-justice, from holding the assizes at
Tralee, invited him to his castle, where he met him
peaceably attended by a large body of his followers.
The lord-justice seeing them advancing towards him
in military order, unjustly suspected treachery and
ordered his attendants to charge, upon which Desmond
and his men fled with the greatest precipitation, leaving
the countess to explain the cause of the alarm. In
1579, Sir Henry Davels, who had been sent out by the
lord-deputy to summon the Earl of Desmond to join
him with his forces against the Spaniards, who had
lauded at Smerwick, on his return from this mission
was assassinated at Tralee by Sir John Desmond, a
relation of the carl. In 1600, Sir Charles Wilmot here
routed a party of the Irish with considerable slaughter.
At the breaking out of the war of 1641, all the English
families in and about Tralee took shelter in the castle
belonging to Sir Henry Denny, to whom it had been
granted after the death of the Earl of Desmond and the
forfeiture of his property. Sir Edward assembled all
his tenants for its defence ; but being ordered away on
another duty he left the new-comers to their own re-
sources, which they exerted so effectually that they kept
the besiegers at bay for six months, until, being worn
out with fatigue and hunger, and discouraged by the
594
T R A L
death of their governor. Sir Thomas Harris, they sur-
rendered. The town was soon after destroyed and the
surrounding country wasted by the Irish, on the ap-
proach of Lord Inchiquin, to prevent him from making
it his head-quarters. It was treated in a similar way
in 1691, on the approach of William III.'s forces.
The TOWN, which, with the surrounding district, is
the property of Sir Edward Denny, contains 1569
bouses : it is situated near the foot of a range of moun-
tains, and about a mile and a half from the bay of the
same name, on a site so low as to be occasionally flooded
when high spring tides meet the mountain torrents. It
consists of an irregular main street, upwards of a mile
long, having several streets branching from it on each
side : the streets are kept in repair by county present-
ments, and are partially paved and flagged. A proposal
made to procure the inhabitants a full supply of water,
under the provisions of the act of the 9th of George
IV., c. 82, was rejected by a public meeting convened
in 1832; and the town is now provided with water
from pumps fitted up by subscription during the preva-
lence of the cholera. In 1840 the town was placed
under the act, as far as regards lighting and cleansing.
It has been much improved within the last few years
by the erection of several good houses, and the forma-
tion of a new street named Denny-street, on the site of
the ancient castle of the Earl of Desmond, at the west-
ern extremity of which is the entrance to the castle de-
mesne, which has been lately much improved and forms
a delightful promenade open to the public. The build-
ing of the county club and news room is in this street,
and there are two other reading and news rooms, called
the Chamber of Commerce and the Constitutional Club.
The barracks, at Ballymullen, about half a mile from
the town, and capable of accommodating 1* officers,
456 non-commissioned officers and privates, and 6
horses, with an hospital for 30 patients, form a sub-
stantial building, erected in 1810 at an expense of
£20,000; they stand in an inclosed area of about IS^
acres. Near the barracks is a flour-mill ; also the dis-
tillery of Messrs. Newell and Grant, which manufactured
upwards of 70,000 gallons of whisky annually, until the
temperance movement caused the concern to close alto-
gether. Branches of the Bank of Ireland, the National
Bank, and the Provincial Bank have been established.
In the excise arrangements, the town gives name to,
and is the head of, a district which comprises the towns
of Rathkeale and Newcastle in the county of Limerick,
and those of Listowel, Tralee, Killarney, Dingle, &c., in
the county of Kerry. The markets, which are held on
Tuesday and Saturday, are abundantly supplied with
meat and vegetables, and with fish from the bays of
Dingle and Tralee ; there are no regular market-places,
and the dealings are consequently carried on in the
public streets, to the great inconvenience of the inhabit-
ants : the provost used to act as clerk-of-the-market, in
examining the weights and measures, and in correcting
abuses and deciding disputes ; market jurors are sworn
at quarter- sessions. The town has a large retail trade.
Fairs are held on May 3rd, Aug. 4th and 5th, Oct. 9th
and 10th, Nov. 7th and 8th, and Dec. 13th.
About twenty-five years since, the export of grain
was confined to two or three small cargoes annually :
there is now a considerable export, which is increasing
every year ; the chief articles are wheat and oats, the
T II A L
T II A L
barloy being mostly purchased for home consumption.
Butter is also exported, but not to its former extent.
Coal and timber are the chief articles imported. The
gross estimated value of the exports in a recent year
was £4'2,315, of which £40,07'2 were for corn, meal,
and flour : the gross value of the imports for the same
period was £7-70, of which £4'295 were for coal, slates,
iron, &e. The improvements in the trade, commerce,
and general appearance of Tralee have been very con-
siderable of late years. Until recently, much incon-
venience arose from the extreme shallowness of the
water in the river, which prevented the approach of
vessels excecdiug .50 or 60 tons nearer than Blenner-
ville, about 1^ mile distant, and still obliges very large
vessels to lie at the Samphire Islands, off Fcnit Point, a
distance of about five miles. To remedy this defect in
some measure, a local act of the 9th of George IV.,
c. 118, was procured, creating a corporate board of
commissioners for the purpose of constructing a navi-
gable canal adequate to bring up vessels of a tolerable
size to the town. The canal, which is just completed,
commences at Croompane-Rockard, near the west end
of the town, where is a basin 400 feet by 1.50, on the
north side of which is a quay faced with hewn stone ;
the canal proceeds thence to the Blackrock, beyond
Blennerville, and is 74 feet wide and 15 feet deep : the
estimated expense was £^4,000. Vessels of 150 tons'
burthen are enabled to discbarge at the quay. The
canal commissioners are empowered to impose certain
dues on the imports and exports, and on vessels coming
into the port. The town is the head station of the
coast-guard district, and residence of the inspecting
commander ; the district comprises the stations of Cas-
tlcgregory, Kilfinura, Ballyheigue, the Cashen river, and
Beale. Tralee is also a chief police station.
The town was incorporated by a charter of the 10th
of James I., under the name of " the Provost, Free Bur-
gesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Tralee ;"
to consist of a provost, 12 free burgesses, and a com-
monalty. The provost, elected annually, was thereby
appointed clerk-of-the-market, justice of the peace for
tlie county of Kerry, and judge of a borough court of
record. The burgesses were elected for life : the charter
declared all the inhabitants of the borough freemen, to-
gether with such others as the provost and free bur-
gesses admitted ; but the freedom was never claimed as
of right. In 1840 the corporation was dissolved by the
Municipal act, and the property vested in the commis-
sioners under the act 9th George IV., already referred
to. The charter granted to the borough the right of
returning two members to parliament, and vested the
election in the provost and burgesses : the borough was
only half disfranchised at the Union, and by the act of
the ^nd of William IV., cap. SS, it is empowered to
return one member, to be elected by the £10 house-
holders, and by the burgesses, provided they be resident
in the borough or within seven miles of it. The borough
is not co-extensive with the parish, but, including part
of the parish of Ratass, in which are the county gaol
and the barracks, comprises an area of 534 statute
acres. The constituency, as registered in 1S41, amount-
ed to ^SS, of whom '246 were householders, and VI bur-
gesses. The provost presided at a court of record, held
every Thursday, for personal actions not exceeding five
marks, Irish. The assizes for the county of Kerry are
held at Tralee ; and general-sessions of the peace four
times in the year : petty-sessions are held every Tues-
day. The county court-house, erected near the eastern
end of Denny-street, at an expense of £14,000, is an
edifice of great elegance ; its front presents a Grecian
portico, approached by a noble flight of steps, and sur-
mounted with a fine pediment. The main building,
which is circular, has the criminal court of justice on
the one side and the civil on the other, separated by
the judges' and other chambers in the centre of the
building ; the county offices are in the rear. The county
gaol, situated near the barracks, is a large and substan-
tial building on the radiating principle, consisting of an
octangular centre containing the governor's apartments,
from which project two lateral wings and one rearward,
containing wards for the male prisoners ; in the front
are two detached buildings for female prisoners and
debtors, and in the rear another, of semicircular form,
being the chapel. It contains 79 cells, 7 day-rooms, and
7 yards, an hospital, and a trcadwheel ; there is a school,
and the prisoners work in various ways.
The parish contains 4605 statute acres : it is inter-
sected by the small rivers Ballymullen and Leigh, which
unite just before they fall into the strait or haven at the
western entrance of the town. The soil is in general of
superior quality, and chiefly in pasturage ; the system
of agriculture is gradually improving : the parish con-
tains some mountain pasture and shallow bog. Lime-
stone and black marble are found within its limits : the
materials with which the new court-house was con-
structed were chiefly raised from a quarry of fine lime-
stone near the Castle green, which has been since filled
up and planted. Sea-weed from Tralee bay is in gene-
ral use for manure. The principal gentlemen's seats in
the vicinity are, Ballyseedy, a finely planted demesne ;
Oak Park, situated in grounds well wooded with oak,
among which are some trees of singular size and beauty ;
Belmont ; Ballard House ; Spring Lodge ; Lower Can-
non ; Magh ; Chute Hall ; Spring Hill ; Arbella ;
Plover Hill ; and Frogmore Lodge. The living is a
rectory, in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in
the patronage of Sir Edw. Denny : the tithe rent-charge
is £306. 6. The glebe-house is a large and commodious
building, adjoining the church ; the glebe comprises 11
statute acres. The church was enlarged in 181" by aid
of a loan of £"2450 from the late Board of First Fruits,
and more recently enlarged and thoroughly repaired by
a fund raised by subscription and the sale of the pews ;
it is a handsome structure with a square tower sur-
mounted with pinnacles. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is the head of a district, comprising
also the greater part of the parishes of Annagh, Clogher-
brien, and Ratass : the chapel is a spacious edifice,
the entrance to which from the High-street is by a fine
avenue bordered with trees. A convent for nuns of the
order of the Presentation, established about '20 years
since, has a small chapel attached to it ; and there are
places of worship for Calvinistic Independents, Presby-
terians, and 'Wesleyau Methodists.
A school, under the superintendence of the incum-
bent, was built by aid of a grant of £140 from the
Lord-Lieutenant's fund, and shortly after its erection
was placed in connexion with the trustees of Erasmus
Smith's charity, who allow the master a fixed salary of
£20 per annum and a contingent gratuity of £10. There
4 G2
TRAM
is a school for females, formerly in connexion witb the
London Hibernian Society, held under the same roof;
the salary of the mistress is paid by subscriptions,
which average £30 per annum. The building can ac-
commodate 80 children of each sex. A male school in
the town is in connexion with the Board of National
Education. A female free school is connected with the
convent of the Presentation, by the nuns of which the
children are instructed in the elements of useful litera-
ture, and in lace-making and needle-work : it is partly
supported by a grant from the same Board. The county
infirmary, with a dispensary attached, has been esta-
blished here ; and the county fever hospital, a substan-
tial building, forming three sides of a quadrangle, and
capable of accommodating 200 patients, is situated in a
spacious area in the vicinity. There is also a temporary
asylum for the reception of lunatics previously to their
transmission to the district lunatic asylum at Limerick.
Two asylums for the aged and impotent poor are sup-
ported respectively by the Protestant and Roman Catho-
lic inhabitants. A neat row of six almshouses, affording
accommodation to 36 widows, was built in 1832 by Dr.
^'PEniry, P. P., at an expense of £600 ; the widows are
selected by the parish priest. The interest of £1000
Irish, bequeathed by Miss Tuomy, of Tralee, who died
about 40 years since, is distributed by the parish priest
among the poor, generally at Christmas. The union
workhouse, on a site of ten acres held at a rent of £62,
was completed in 1844 at an expense of £8557, and is
constructed for 1000 inmates. The only relics of the
ancient abbey are some sculptured ornaments which
have been built into the front of the Roman Catholic
chapel and of the adjoining school-house. At Ballybeg-
gan are the remains of a castle, and at the northern
outlet are some slight vestiges of the castle of Mac
Allistrom or Ellistrom. On the northern shore of the
bay, about three miles from the town, is a celebrated
chalybeate spring, which has given the name of Spa to
a small watering-place that is described under its own
head.
TRAMORE, a maritime market and post town, in
the parish of Drumcannon, barony of Middlethird,
union and county of Waterford, and province of
MuNSTER, 6 miles (S. S. W.) from Waterford, and Slf
(S. W.) from Dublin; containing 1)20 inhabitants.
This town is situated at the north-western extremity of
the bay of Tramore, to which it gives name ; com-
manding a fine view of the sea, and sheltered by the
surrounding heights from the prevailing winds. In the
reign of Henry V., the Irish sept of the Powers, with
their adherents, being then in a state of hostility with
the citizens of Waterford, landed at this place, and pro-
ceeding to Ballymatdane were joined by the O'Driscolls,
when a battle occurred, in which they were defeated by
the citizens with great slaughter. The advantages of its
situation and its fine beach, which is more than three
English miles in length and perfectly firm and level,
have made this town a favourite place of resort for sea-
bathing by the inhabitants of Waterford and of the adja-
cent counties. Many comfortable lodging-houses have
been built for the accommodation of visiters, and like-
wise a spacious hotel ; the town consists of 242 houses,
and has a receiving-house for letters. A new line of
road on a better level has been constructed from Water-
ford, and facihties of intercourse with that city are
596
T R I L
afforded by numerous vehicles. Races, which are much
encouraged by the neighbouring gentry, and supported
by subscription, are held annually on the strand. At
one extremity of the beach, immense heaps of sand
have been thrown up by the sea and now form a rabbit
warren ; from their summit is a view of the bay, the
navigation of which is very dangerous. In 1816, the
Sea Horse transport, with the 2nd battalion of the 59th
regiment of foot, was wrecked in this bay, when 292
men and 7 1 women and children perished. Within the
entrance of the bay are two small fishing-coves, from
which it has been proposed to carry out two piers for
the prevention of similar calamities, and which would
also form a commodious harbour for the boats employed
in the Nymph-bank fisheries. The market is on Satur-
day, and is well supplied with meat, fish, and vegetables ;
it is held in a large walled square, along one side of
which are sheds, erected by Lord Doneraile. A chief
constabulary police force is stationed here, and petty-
sessions are held on alternate Tuesdays.
The parish church of Drumcannon is situated in the
town, and in the churchyard is a monument raised by
the surviving officers of the 59th to the memory of the
shipwrecked soldiers of that regiment ; they also erected
a monument in the cemetery of the old church at
Drumcannon, over the remains of those who were in-
terred there. The town is the head of a Roman Catholic
district, comprising the parishes of Drumcannon and
Corbally, in each of which is a chapel, that of Drum-
cannon being in the town of Tramore. An almshouse
founded for 12 men and 12 women by INIrs. Catherine
Walsh, and a dispensary maintained in the customary
manner, are also situated in the town ; near which are
the ruins of the castle of Cullen, formerly a place of
great strength.
TRANNISH, an island, in the parish of Aghalur-
CHER, union of Lisnaskea, barony of Magheraste-
PHANA, county of Fermanagh, and province of Ul-
ster ; containing 64 inhabitants. It is situated in
Lough Erne.
TREADINGSTOWN, or Ballyreddin, a parish,
partly in the barony of Shillelogher, but chiefly in
the barony of Gowran, union and county of Kilkenny,
and province of Leinster, 5 miles (W. S. W.) from
Gowran, and on the river Nore ; containing 423 inha-
bitants. This parish comprises only 71 If statute acres :
it is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, entirely appro-
priate to the economy estate of the cathedral of St.
Canice, Kilkenny ; the tithe rent-charge is £59. 5. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Danesfort.
TREVET.— See Tryvett.
TRILLICK, a market-town, in the parish of Kil-
skerry, union of Lowtherstown, barony of Omagh,
county of Tyrone, and province of Ulster, 9 miles
(X. by E.) from Enniskillen, on the road to Omagh ;
containing 434 inhabitants. It owes its origin to the
family of Mervyn, who settled at the neighbouring castle
of Mervyn in the reign of James I. ; and is a small but
very improving town, being a convenient stage from
Enniskillen, and having an excellent hotel. The sur-
rounding district is undulating and hilly, and is em-
bellished with several lakes : the laud in cultivation is
generally fertile, and a large tract of waste has lately
been reclaimed. Here is a good market-house, recently
T U I M
TRIM
repaired by the late Gen. Mervyn Archdall, of Trillick
Lodge, the proprietor of the town and adjacent lands :
a market is held every Tuesday, chiefly for butter and
provisions; and there is a fair on the 14th of every
month. A receiving-house for letters is in connexion
vvith Enniskillen and Omagh. There is a constabulary
police station : petty-sessions are held on alternate
Mondays ; and courts leet and baron every three weeks,
for the recovery of debts under fiOs. Here are meeting-
houses for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, in the
former of which also divine service is performed by the
clergyman of the Established Church, monthly in winter
and once a. fortnight in summer. There is likewise a
dispensary. The Londonderry and Enniskillen railway
passes near the village. No vestiges are discernible of
the abbey said to have been founded here in the 7th
century ; but near the town are the ruins of Castle
Mervyn, from which a wide prospect is enjoyed.
TRIM, a market, assize,
and post town (formerly a
jxv^ parliamentaryborough),apa-
V^ rish, and the head of a union,
f'Hf^y 111 \rA>/ft partly in the barony of Upper
.^\h -^-^i:/ )g j <^^' Navan, but chiefly in that
'J:S^' "f Lower Moyfenragh,
'ij^^^ county of Meatii, and pro-
vince of Leinster, IO5 miles
(N. W.) from Kilcock, and
25 (N. W. by \V.) from Dub-
lin ; containing 6314 inha-
■^'«"'- bitants, of whom ^^eg are
in the town. This place, formerly called .i/Zi-rn/m, is
of very remote antiquity, and was celebrated for its ab-
bey of Canons Regular, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin.
The establishment became the seat of a small bishopric,
of which St. Loman, nephew of St. Patrick, was made
the first bishop ; of his successors, who were indif-
ferently styled abbots or bishops, no regular notice is
preserved till the year 1152, when the diocese was
united with several others to form the see of Meath.
In llOS the town and monastery were burned by Conor
O'Melaghlin, and more than 200 persons who had taken
refuge in the church perished in the flames ; in 1143
and 1155, also, the town suffered from conflagration.
After the English invasion it was, with the whole of the
territory of Meath, given by Henry H. to Hugh de Lacy,
who made it a free borough ; and his son and succes-
sor, Walter de Lacy, in the reign of Richard L gave the
burgesses a charter of incorporation, conferring privi-
leges equal to those enjoyed by the citizens of Bristol.
As the head of the palatine lordship of the Lacys, the
town became a place of importance ; and a strong castle
was erected here as a baronial residence for that family,
who also refouuded the monastery. The defences of the
castle were destroyed by the constable, Hugh Tyrrell,
when Roderic O'Conor entered Meath during the
absence of De Lacy, to prevent them from becoming
serviceable to the enemy ; but on his expulsion they
were quickly restored. In 1203 the town was again
destroyed by fire. The present castle was built in 1220 ;
and soon afterwards, during the sanguinary feuds which
then prevailed, it was attacked by William de Burgo,
but was obstinately defended by the garrison, and The
assailants repulsed. When the palatinate of Meath was
divided between the co-heiresses of Walter de Lacy, the
597
town was still the capital of one-half, and in 1330 it
was invested with jurisdiction over the other.
In the reign of Edward II., during Piers Gaveston 8
vice-regency, Richard, Earl of Ulster, held his court here
with a degree of ostentatious parade highly alarming to
the chief governor, to whom his collected followers ap-
peared as a well-appointed and formidable retinue.
Edward Bruce, in his retreat from Munster to the north
of Ireland, halted for some days at Trim ; and in 1393,
Roger de Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, received
a grant of tolls for the purpose of improving and forti-
fying the town, as the capital of all Meath. Richard II.,
when last in Ireland, on receiving intelligence of the
Earl of Hereford's landing in England, committed the
young lords Gloucester and Henry of Lancaster, the
latter afterwards Henry V., prisoners to the castles of
this place. In 1407 a parliament convoked at Dublin
was adjourned hither, to deliberate on the best means of
repressing the aggressions of Art Mac Murrough. On
the accession of Henry VI. a parliament was held here;
and in the year 1425 the Earl of March and Ulster,
then lord-lieutenant, died suddenly at this place while
preparing to repel the incursions of the native septs
into his territories. In 1447, a parliament was held
in which various reformatory and sumptuary laws
were enacted ; and in 1459 a mint was established in
the town. Richard, Duke of York, father of Edward
IV., while lord-lieutenant of Ireland, resided for some
time at Trim, the palatine liberty of which was vested
in him ; and in the reign of Henry VII. the townsmen
favoured the imposition of Lambert Simnel, but were
afterwards received into the king's favour. Parliaments
were also held here in 14S4, 1487, and 1491. During
the parliamentary war the town again became a place
of military importance. In 1642 it was in the hands
of the confederate Roman Catholic forces, who were
expelled ; and in a subsequent skirmish to retain the
place. Sir Chas. Coote, commander of the parliamen-
tarian garrison, was killed by a ball supposed to have
been from the musket of one of his own troopers.
Soon after this, four royal commissioners sat in the
town to meet the agents of the confederate Catholics,
and receive their remonstrance and petition for the
redress of grievances. After the massacre at Drogheda
by Cromwell, in 1649, the town surrendered to that
general, the garrison disregarding the instructions given
by the Marquess of Ormonde to destroy the place rather
than suffer it to fall into his hands.
The TOWN is pleasantly situated on the river Boyne,
over which is an old bridge, and is still a place of
considerable importance ; it contains 375 houses, many
of which are neatly built ; and from the remains of
its stately castle and religious establishments, it has an
appearance of venerable antiquity. A handsome column
of the Corinthian order was in 1817 erected here, in
commemoration of the principal military achievements
of the Duke of Wellington, who for some time was re-
presentative of the borough, and resided at Fosterstown,
in the vicinity ; above the capital is a statue of his
grace. There are barracks for infantry, adapted to the
reception of 3 officers and SO non-commissioned officers
and privates. The environs are pleasingly diversified,
and abound with interesting scenery. The trade is in-
considerable, being chiefly for the supply of the imme-
diate neighbourhood : there are, however, a small flour-
TRIM
mill, a brewery, and a tannery ; and on the Boyne,
about a mile to the west, are very extensive mills, called
New Haggard Mills, producing annually about 40,000
barrels of flour and oatmeal. The market is on Satur-
day ; and the fairs on March 27 th. May 8th, Wednesday
after Trinity-Sunday, Oct. 1st, and Nov. l6th. An ex-
tension of the navigable communication between Dro-
gheda and Navan, to this town, has been long contem-
plated ; but has not yet been carried into elfect.
The charter of incorporation granted to the bur-
gesses by Walter de Lacy was confirmed and extended
by Edward III. ; and Richard II. bestowed on the cor-
poration certain tolls for 20 years for the fortification of
the town, in which " all the fideles of the county of
Meath congregated." Henry IV. and VI. ratified the
original charter ; and Elizabeth, in the 13th of her reign,
reciting and confirming all previous grants, conferred
the charter under which the town was till lately
governed. By this charter the corporation consisted of
a portreeve and an indefinite number of burgesses and
freemen, assisted by a recorder, town-clerk, two
serjeants-at-raace, and other officers. The portreeve,
who was a justice of the peace within the borough, was
annually chosen from the burgesses on the 29th of
June ; the burgesses were generally chosen from the
freeruen by the corporation at large ; and the freemen
were admitted either as of right, which was confined to
the sons and sons-in-law of freemen, or by favour of
the corporation. By the act 3rd and 4th of Victoria,
cap. 108, the town was placed under municipal commis-
sioners. The charter conferred the elective franchise
on the corporation, which first returned two members
to the Irish parliament in the 2nd of Elizabeth, and
continued to exercise the privilege till the Union, when
the borough, then the property of the Wellesley family,
was disfranchised. The borough court, which had
jurisdiction to an unlimited amount, has fallen into dis-
use ; no action has been tried in it since 1831, and the
late corporation exercised no exclusive jurisdiction
either civil or criminal. Assizes for the county are
held here ; general sessions of the peace twice in the
year here, and twice at Navan ; and petty-sessions on
alternate Saturdays, before the county magistrates, with
whom the portreeve also used to sit in cases arising
within the borough. The court-house is a very neat
and well-arranged building ; and a new county gaol
was erected in 1834, at an expense of £26,000. It is
on the radiating principle, and consists of five ranges
of building for the reception of the different classes,
each of which is divided into three stories, the lower
story containing a dining-hall and work-room, and
each of the upper 12 sleeping-rooms or cells : between
the ranges are airing-yards for the respective classes, who
are employed in stone-breaking and in various handi-
craft trades. In the centre is the governor's house, a
circular building, in the upper story of which is a
chapel communicating with the five wards by a bridge
leading from each. The prison is capable of receiving
140 prisoners in separate cells ; it has a treadmill with
two wheels, hospitals for male and female patients, and
a school in which adults attend for three hours every
day. This town is the head-quarters of the constabulary
police for the county, and the residence of the inspecting
magistrate. In the excise arrangements it is within the
district of Drogheda.
TRIM
The parish comprises 13,425|- statute acres. The
land is principally in tillage and of good quality;
there is only a small portion of bog : the system of
agriculture has lately improved, and that portion of the
parish which is under tillage affords abundant crops.
The principal seats are Tullaghard, New Haggard,
Roristown, Boyne Lodge, Harcourt Lodge, Lodge Park,
Foxbrook, and Doolistown. The living is a vicarage,
in the diocese of Meath, united by episcopal authority,
in 1S19, to the rectories of Newtown and Trubly, and to
the curacies of Kilcooley, Tullaghanogue, and Scurlogs-
town, and in the patronage of the Bishop, to whom the
rectory is appropriate. The tithe rent-charge of the
parish is £461. 5., of which £322. 10. are payable
to the appropriator and the remainder to the vicar.
The glebe-house was built in 1754: the glebe, which
was given to the vicar by a Cromwellian debenturer,
comprises 187 acres, valued at £300 per annum ; and
the gross value of the benefice, before the passing of the
Rent-charge act, was £647. 19. The church, with the
exception of the tower, which is of great antiquity and
partly covered with ivy, was rebuilt in 1803 at an ex-
pense of £738, raised by assessment and a gift from the
bishop ; in 1827 a gallery was added at an expense
of £350, a loan from the late Board of First Fruits,
and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted
£100 for repairs. In the Roman CathoHc divisions the
parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
parishes of Trimlestown and Newtown Clonbun or
Trim ; there are two chapels, one of which is at Bords-
mill, a neat modern edifice. The parochial school-house
was built by Lord Mornington, at an expense of £1100.
There is a dispensary. The union workhouse, on a site
of 6^ acres purchased for £510, was completed in 1S41,
at a cost of £5750, for 500 paupers.
The remains of the castle are extensive, and form a
conspicuous and highly interesting object. The keep is
a massive pile strengthened by four lofty square towers,
which rise to a considerable height above the other
parts of the building; and there are several round
towers and other outworks extending to the river Boyne,
which flows along their base ; the whole occupying an
area of about four acres. The remains of the ancient
abbey, in which was preserved an image of the Virgin,
that was burnt at the Reformation, consist principally
of part of the tower called the Yellow Steeple, one-
half of which was destroyed by Cromwell, against whom
it was defended for a considerable time. Here were
formerly also, a convent of grey friars, dedicated to St.
Bonaventure; a Dominican friary, founded in honour
of the Blessed Virgin, in 1263, by Geoffrey de Geneville,
Lord of Meath, and in which general chapters of the
order were frequently held ; and a chantry in the
parish church. At Newtown Clonbun or Trim, about
half a mile from the town, on the banks of the Boyne,
are extensive remains of other religious foundations,
the principal of which are those of a priory of Canons
Regular of the order of St. Victor, founded by Simon
de Rochfort, Bishop of Meath, about the year 1206 ;
the prior was a lord of parliament, and there are still
some remains of the fine old church. Adjoining the
bridge are the remains of a square tower, whence a
regular range of building extends along the water's
edge to another tower, near which is the eastern gable
of a small chapel with a fine window j and at a short
T R U B
T U A M
distance is a neat circular turret : these are the remains
of a house of Crouched friars, founded in the 13th cen-
tury, and to which the bishops of Meath were great
benefactors. In the parish church of Newtown Clon-
bun is the tomb of Sir Lucas Dillon, ancestor of the
earls of Roscommon, and an able jurist in the reign of
Elizabeth.
TRIMLESTOWN, an ancient chapelry, in the parish
and union of Trim, barony of Upper Navan, county of
Meath, and province of Leinster, '2 miles (W. N. W.)
from Trim, on the road to MuUingar : the population
is returned with the parish. Within the limits of this
chapelry stands an imposing pile, in the style of archi-
tecture prevalent in the I6th century, with square
windows, embattled parapets, and ornamented towers,
formerly the seat of Lord Trimlestown ; contiguous to
which is a small chapel, the burial-place of the Barne-
wall family. The place gives the title of Baron Trimles-
town to that family.
TRISTELKERIN.— See Loghan.
TRISTLEDERMOT.— See Castledermot.
TROAL\UN, a village, in the parish of Ath league,
barony of Athlone, union and county of Roscommon,
and province of Connaught; containing 203 inhabit-
ants.
TROREY, or St. Michael's, Trory, a parish, in
the union of Enniskillen, partly in the baronies of
Tyrkennedy and Lurg, but chiefly in that of Maghe-
raboy, county of Fermanagh, and province of L^lster,
4 miles (N.) from Enniskillen, and on Lough Erne ;
containing '20^28 inhabitants. It comprises 6068y statute
acres, of which 183'2 are in Lower Lough Erne, 13.5| in
the river Erne and small loughs, upwards of 100 wood-
land, and 100 bog; the remainder is arable, and one-
third of the parish was abbey land and is tithe free. A
bridge with an arch of 30 feet span crosses the river
here; it was erected in 1S17, at an expense of £1100.
On the banks of the lough are extensive flour- mills,
employing "2.') persons, and worked by water equal to a
35-horse power; boats of about 10 tons' burthen each
ply up the lake to these mills. The parish was con-
stituted in 1778, by disuniting some townlands from
the parish of Devenish : the living is a perpetual cure,
in the diocese of Clogher, and in the patronage of the
Prebendary of Devenish. The tithe rent-charge is £8". 8.,
payable to the perpetual curate. The glebe comprises
60 acres, valued at £90 per annum : the glebe-house
was built in 1820, at an expense of £461, being a gift
of £415 and a loan of £46 from the late Board of First
Fruits. The church is a plain building, erected in 17*8,
at the cost of £300, defrayed by assessment on the
parish. There is a place of worship for Wesleyan
Methodists.
TRUBLY, or Tubberville, a parish, in the poor-
law union of Tri.m, barony of Lower Deece, county of
Meath, and province of Leinster, 3 miles (E. by N.)
from Trim, and on the river Boyne ; containing 73 in-
habitants. This parish comprises S.54J statute acres of
land, mostly under tillage, with some good pasture. It
is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, forming part
of the union of Trim ; the tithe rent-charge is
£34. 12. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is part of the district of Dunsany. Here are remains
of an old castle formerly belonging to the Cusacks, in
which Oliver Cromwell is said to have slept after the
599
taking of Drogheda ; it is now the property of the Hon.
General Taylor.
TRYVETT, or Trevet, a parish, partly in the
barony of Ratoath, but chiefly in that of Skreen,
union of Dunshaughlin, county of Meath, and [pro-
vince of Leinster, 2 miles (N. N. E.) from Dunshaughlin,
and on the road from Navan to Ratoath ; containing
416 inhabitants. This place was distinguished in the
earliest ages of Christianity in Ireland by the foundation
of a considerable monastery, the founder of which is
unknown: though pillaged by the Danes in 917, de-
stroyed by fire in 1145, and plundered by the men of
Ily Briuin in 1152, it appears to have existed till the
settlement of the English in Meath. The ancient town
was rebuilt soon afterwards by Hugh de Lacy, who
placed here a colony of his English followers ; and
upon this occasion the monastery seems to have been
superseded by the erection of a large church in honour
of St. Patrick. The town continued to flourish for
many years, and acquired considerable importance ; it
subsequently, however, fell into decay, and is now only
an obscure village. The parish comprises 4 169| statute
acres, chiefly pasture ; the soil is of excellent quality,
and the arable land, under an improving system of
agriculture, produces good crops. The living is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, united by
act of council, in I67S, to the rectory of Kilbrew, and
in the patronage of the Crown ; the tithe rent-charge of
the parish is £150. 4., and of the whole union £284. I6.
The glebe-house, situated about a mile from the old
church, was built in 1815, at an expense of £794
British, of which £461 were a loan and £277 a gift
from the late Board of First Fruits, the residue being
defrayed by the incumbent. The glebe, situated in the
parish of Kilbrew, comprises 11</. Ir. 'p., subject to a
rent of £31. The present church of the union is also
in Kilbrew, and was rebuilt and enlarged about 90
years since. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
forms part of the district of Skreen.
TUAM, a market and
post town (formerly a par-
liamentary borough), a pa-
rish, the head of a union,
and the seat of a diocese,
partly in the barony of Bal- ,
lymoe, partly in that of
Clare, but chiefly in the ^^
barony of Dunmore, county ^^&., .,^
of Galvtay, and province of ^^^Q^_5^
Connaught, 16 miles (X. ^^
W.) from Galway, and 98|-
(W. by X.) from Dublin, at
the junction of the coach-roads from Ballinasloe, Dun-
more, and Hollymount, to Galway and Roscommon ;
containing 13,425 inhabitants, of whom 6034 are in the
town. This place, called anciently Ttiaim-da-Gualanil,
owes its origin to the foundation of a religious esta-
blishment, about the beginning of the 6th century, by
St. Jarlath, son of Loga, who for some time lived in
seclusion in the small monasterj' of Cluaiufois, which
he had previously founded. The church of Tuam was
soon afterwards made the cathedral of a diocese, of
■which St. Jarlath became the first bishop, and was
called Teampul-Jarlnth, in honour of its founder, to
whom it was subsequently dedicated. St. Jarlath is
^^XA-:^
Seal.
T U A IM
supposed to have died in 540 ; and long after his death
his bones were discovered, and deposited in a silver
shrine, which was placed in a church or chapel called
Temple-ne- Serin, or " the Church of the Shrine." Prior
to the year 1150, Tirdelvac O'Conor, King of Ireland,
founded a priory for Augustinian Canons, which he
dedicated to St. John the Baptist; and in II6I Roderic
O'Conor, then king, erected a strong castle of stone
here, which obtained the appellation of " the wonderful
castle." The town was shortly after destroyed by an
accidental fire, but was soon restored, as in HI'S a
great synod was convened here by Bishop Catholicus
O'Dubhai, at which three churches were consecrated.
An abbey for Praemonstratensian canons was founded
either in the reign of John or early in that of Henry III.,
by one of the family of De Burgo, and dedicated to the
Holy Trinity. In 1'244 the town, with all its churches,
was destroyed by fire. In 1952, when Henry III. con-
firmed to Florence Mac Flin the Pope's bull for annex-
ing the bishopric of Enaghdune to the see of Tuam, it
was on condition that he should have a portion of land
within the town for the erection of a castle, in exchange
for other land of equal value. The same king by letters-
patent granted to the Archbishop of Tuam a fair on
the ^Sth of December and the seven following days. In
1356, the place was plundered and burnt by Charles
Oge, son of William de Burgo.
The TOWN, which is situated in a flat and rather low
but healthy tract of land, consists of several spacious
and some smaller streets, containing 1158 houses, most
of which are neatly built and several are large and of
handsome appearance ; it is amply supplied with water
by a copious and limpid stream, which in its course
turns several mills. Among the principal sources of
recreation are, a reading-room over the market-house,
and a public billiard-table. A newspaper is published.
Races are held annually about the 1st of September on
an excellent course about a mile from the town, called
Gurrans Turlogh, which is in winter overflowed with
water, forming a considerable lake : an unsuccessful
attempt was made some years since to drain it. The
grounds of the bishop's palace are tastefully laid out,
and the gardens are spacious and kept in excellent
order : the mansion, though not possessing much archi-
tectural embellishment, is large and handsomely built ;
and around the demesne is a walk, a mile in length,
thickly planted with trees and furnished with seats,
affording a pleasant promenade to the people. The
house of the Roman Catholic archbishop also adds much
to the appearance of the town. The ancient market
cross, of richly sculptured stone, was a great ornament :
it was erected by Turlogh O'Conor, but has been suf-
fered to fall into decay; part of the base is still to be
seen in the old meat-market, and two other portions
in the churchyard, where that part forming the cross
is erected at the head of the tomb of Dr. Singe, one of
the Protestant archbishops. The trade of the town,
which is at present ne.\t in importance in the county to
Galway, is very considerable ; it is principally for the
supply of the surrounding districts. A constant inter-
course with Dublin is maintained, the shopkeepers thus
obtaining the various articles for their home trade ;
and there are two good inns, at which the mails and
other coaches stop. An extensive brewery, belonging
to Mr. Blake, produces from 4000 to 5000 barrels of
600
TUAM
malt hquor annually ; attached to it are a malting con-
cern, making about 600 quarters of malt, and some
flour-mills, carried on by the sons of that gentleman :
there is also a tannery, and the manufacture of coarse
linens is extensive. A branch of the National Bank has
been established. The markets, on Wednesday and
Saturday, are abundantly supplied with provisions of
all kinds, and with fish from Galway and Ballina ; fairs
are held on May 10th, July 4th, Oct. 20th, and Dec.
15th. The market-house is a neat building, nearly in
the centre of the town.
The inhabitants received their first charter from
James I., who in the 11th of his reign incorporated
them under the designation of " the Sovereign, Free
Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Tuam."
By this charter the corporation consisted of a sovereign,
twelve free burgesses, and an indefinite number of
freemen, assisted by a recorder, treasurer, town-clerk,
two serjeants-at-mace, and other officers. The sove-
reign, who was judge of the borough court and clerk-of-
the-market, was chosen annually from the free burgesses
by a majority of that body, on the festival of St. John,
and was sworn into office on that of St. Michael ; the
free burgesses filled up vacancies as they occurred, by a
majority of their body, by whom also freemen were
admitted, and the officers of the corporation appointed.
By the act 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. 108, the town was
placed under a body of municipal commissioners. The
charter conferred upon the corporation the privilege of
returning two members to the Irish parliament, which
they continued to exercise till the union, when the
borough was disfranchised. The borough court of re-
cord had jurisdiction to the amount of five marks ;
but since 1826 few proceedings have issued from it,
and within the last few years it has been altogether
discontinued. The general- sessions of the peace are
held here twice in the year, and petty-sessions every
Wednesday ; a chief constabulary police force is sta-
tioned in the town. The court-house is a neat and
well-arranged building : annexed to it is a bridewell,
containing two day-rooms, two airing-yards, and eight
cells
The See of Tuam, as be
fore noticed, was founded
in the early part of the 6th
century by St. Jarlath, of
whose successors (who for
some years after his death
were styled comorbans, bish-
ops, or archbishops, of Con-
naught) but little is record-
ed, with the exception of
Muredach O' Dubhai, who
in 1143 convened a great
synod of 12 bishops and 500
priests at this place, to de-
vise the best means of ransoming Rory O'Conor, son of
Tirdelvac, King of Ireland, who had been taken prisoner
by Tiernan O'Rourk. That prelate was succeeded, in
1 150, by Edan O'Hoisin, who, at the synod held m 1 152
by Cardinal Paparo, was invested with the pall j and the
see of Tuam became one of the four archbishoprics of
Ireland. The bishoprics of Mayo, Killala, Roscommon,
Clonfert, Achonry, Cluan, and Duach were at that time
made suffragan to Tuam, to which was afterwards united
.■}rms 0/ tilt lute Ann
bishopric
T U A M
T i; A M
the see of Mayo, and in I2o'2 that of Enaghdune on
petition of Florence Mac Fliu to Henry III. j Enagh-
dune was, notwithstanding, frequently held separately,
but, ixfter many contests, became finally part of the see
of Tuam in \-l2l. Edward Singe, who became arch-
bishop in 1716, obtained an act in the first meeting of
parliament after his succession, by which the rjuartu pars
of the dues of the officiating clergy was settled upon such
rectors, vicars, and curates, within his see, as should
personally discharge their respective cures. Dr. Hort,
who was translated to the archbishopric in l"-*^, was
permitted to retain the see of Ardagh in the province of
Armagh, which he held in comiiuiidum, in lieu of the see
of Kilfenora, which had been previously held with Tuam ;
and his successors ever after continued to hold it. The
archbishops of Tuam were, therefore, as bishops of
Ardagh, suffragan to the Lord-Primate of all Ireland.
The late ^-Irchbishopric or Eci.lesiaslical PTovince of
Tuam comprehended the six dioceses of Tuam, Elphin,
Clonfert, Kilmatduagh, Killala, and Achonry ; compris-
ing an estimated superficies of '2,356,750 acres ; and,
with the exception of the county of Leitrim and small
portions of the counties of Sligo, Roscommon, and Gal-
way, including the whole of the civil province of Con-
naught, and a small part of King's county in the pro-
vince of Leinster. Under the provisions of the
Church Temporalities act, the sees of Tuam, Killala,
and Achonry were united ; those of Clonfert and Kil-
macduagh were also united, and fixed to be held with
Killaloe ; the diocese of Elphin being held with Kilmore
and Ardagh. Consequently, only two bishops latterly
presided over the subordinate dioceses of the province,
and were suffragan to the last Archbishop of Tuam, who
died in 1839. Under the same act all archiepiscopal
jurisdiction ceased on the avoidance of the archbishopric ;
Tuam, with the united diocese of Killala and Achonry,
is now one bishopric, and, with the other dioceses of
the province of Tuam, is suffragan to the Archbishop
of Armagh.
The Diocese of Tuam is the most extensive in Ireland :
it is 77 miles in length and 63 in breadth, and comprises
an estimated superficies of 1,135,650 acres, of which
675,'250 are in the county of Galway, 424,700 in Mayo,
and 35,700 in the county of Roscommon. The lands
belonging to the original archiepiscopal see, or the united
dioceses of Tuam and Ardagh, comprised 86,S00f statute
acres, of which 39,53 1^ were profitable land; and the
gross annual revenue, on an average of three years end-
ing Dec. 31st, 1831, was returned by the Ecclesiasti-
cal Commissioners as amounting to £8206. 13. The
chapter consists of a dean, a provost, an archdeacon,
and the eight prebendaries of Kilmeen, Killabeggs,
Teighsasson, Kilmoylan, Kilmainmore, Ballagh, Fal-
down, and Laccagh. There is one vicar-choral, whose
office is a corporation in itself, endowed with several
plots of ground and houses in the town, with portions
of the tithe of the parishes of Kilconly and Kilbannon,
and with 56 acres of land ; altogether producing, before
the passing of the Rent-charge act, £200. I7. per an-
num. The economy fund of the cathedral arises from
several parcels of land in the parish, let on lease at a
yearly rental of £76. 5. The diocese comprises 34 bene-
fices, of wliich 19 are unions of two or more parishes,
and 15 are single parishes ; two are in the patronage
of the Crown, one in that of the Corporation of Galway,
Vol. II.— 601
one in alternate patronage, and the remainder in the pa-
tronage of the Bishop or Incumbents. The total num-
ber of parishes is 90, of which 86 are rectories and the
remainder perpetual curacies; there are 31 churches,
J8 other buildings in which divine service is |)erformed,
and 21 glebe-houses. The cathedral, which is also the
parochial church, appears to be only a portion of the
original building : it has some remains of Norman
character, and the arch at the entrance of the porch is
of a kind of red gritty stone not found in any part of
the county ; the edifice was repaired in I688, and about
60 years since was considerably damaged by an accidental
fire.
The Roman Catholic archbishop's province com-
prises the diocese of Tuam, with the bishoprics of Clon-
fert, Achonry, Elphin, Kilmacduagh, Killala, and Galway :
the diocese of Kilfenora (held with Kilmacduagh) is alter-
nately suffragan to the archbishoprics of Tuam and
Cashel. On the dissolution of the Roman Catholic
wardenship of Galway, in 1831, that portion of the dio-
cese of Tuam was formed into a separate see ; the re-
mainder constituting the diocese of Tuam, which com-
prises 52 parochial unions, and contains 103 chapels
served by 52 parish priests and 57 coadjutors or curates.
The parochial benefices of Tuam and Kilmina, each served
by an administrator and several curates, constitute the
mensal of the archbishop. The Roman Catholic cathe-
dral is a cruciform structure of hewn stone, in the later
English style, with a lofty western tower, and six square
turrets at the angles and other parts of the building,
each rising above the open parapets in an octangular
form and terminating in eight octangular minarets richly
crocketed ; the walls are strengthened with panuelled
buttresses of several stages, terminating in crocketed
pinnacles rising above the parapet, which is adorned
with open tracery. The principal entrance is under the
western tower, through a richly moulded and gracefully
pointed arch, and the entrances to the aisles are of simi-
lar character ; the eastern end of the building is orna-
mented with a lofty oriel window of elegant design, and
the whole has a very magnificent appearance. The in-
terior is finely arranged. The ceiling is tastefully en-
riched with stucco, and pannelled in compartments; the
east window is embellished with scriptural subjects in
stained glass, and the windows ot the transepts and aisle
have flowing tracery ; the high altar of variegated mar-
ble, the tabernacle, and canopy, which were brought
from Rome, are exquisitely wrought. The whole is one
of the most beautiful ecclesiastical edifices in the country.
Nearly £12,000, raised by subscription, have been ex-
pended in its erection, and a considerable sum will be
required for its completion.
The parish comprises 25,01 5f statute acres : the land
is generally of good quality, and in a state of profitable
cultivation. The principal seats are, Birmingham, the
property of the Earl of Louth, at present uninhabited ;
Gardenfield ; Queensfort ; Wilfort ; Tullinadaly ; Kil-
clooney ; and Ballygaddy. The living of Tuam is a
rectory and vicajrage, the rectory partly appropriate to
the vicar- choral and others, and partly united to parts
of the rectories of Clonbern, Liskeevy, Addergoole, Bel-
clare-Tuam, Templetoghcr, Crossboyue, and Dunmore,
and to the rectory of Boy anagh, together constituting
the corps of the deanery of Tuam, in the patronage of
the Crown. The lands belonging to the deanery com-
4 H
TUBE
TUBE
prise 1629 statute acres, of which 67 are in the parish
of Tuam ; the whole are let at a rent of £127. 9-, with
annual renewal fines amounting to £45. 1'2. The gross
value of the deanery, before the passing of the Rent- charge
act, was £6S0. 15. per annum. The vicarge, by act of
council in 1789, was united to the vicarages of Belclare-
Tuam, Kilbennan, Kilconla, Liskeevy, and Addergoole,
and is in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithe rent-
charge of the parish is £410. 10. 6., of which £'274. 8. 6.
are payable to the vicar. The glebe-house was built in
1792 at an expense of £584 ; and in 1813, £784 British
were expended in its improvement by the then incum-
bent. The glebe lands of the union comprise 39 acres,
valued at £63 per annum ; and the gross value of the
vicarial benefice, including tithe and glebe, amounted,
before the passing of the Rent-charge act, to £741. 16.
The Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of
the Established Church : the parishioners attend divine
service at the cathedral. A college for the instruction
of young men for the Roman Catholic priesthood, and
also for general education, was founded here by the late
Dr. Kelly, archbishop of the diocese, in 1814 : it is sup-
ported partly by contributions of £2 per annum from each
parish priest in the diocese, and by the payments of lay
boarders ; is under the superintendence of three ecclesi-
astical and two lay professors ; and has a very exten-
sive library. A presentation convent was erected under
the will of the late W. Burke, Esq., who bequeathed his
house and a large sum of money for that purpose : there
are numerous sisters in the estabhshment, which was
opened in 1835 ; and attached to the building is a
spacious schoolroom, in which poor girls are taught
by the ladies of the convent. The union workhouse, on
a site of 7i acres, partly purchased for £300 and held at
a rent of £10. 2., was completed in 1841 at an expense
of £6700, and is constructed for 800 inmates.
Of the seven churches formerly in this parish, the
only one now remaining is the cathedral of St. Mary ;
but vestiges of the other six may still be traced in vari-
ous parts of the town : they were " the Church of the
Shrine," of the abbey of the Holy Trinity, of St. John,
St. Bridget, St. Jarlath, and the old parish church, the
burial-ground of which is still a favourite place of inter-
ment for the Roman Catholic parishioners. There are
some slight remains of the ancient castle, which con-
sisted of a strong keep, with a large court-yard defended
by lofty massive walls with towers at the angles and
at the gateway entrance, and was surrounded by a
deep fosse, into which the waters of the adjacent river
were diverted.
TUBBER, a parish, in the union of Baltinglass,
partly in the barony of Upper Talbotstown, but
chiefly in that of Lower Talbotstown, county of
WicKLOw, and province of Leinster, 1 mile (N.) from
Dunlavan, on the road to Ballymore-Eustace ; containing
576 inhabitants. This parish, which comprises 1423
statute acres, is situated at the junction of the counties
of Kildare and Wicklow. It is a curacy, in the diocese
of Dublin, annexed by act of council in 1833 to the
union of Dunlavan : the rectory is appropriate to the
archbishop, and the tithe rent-charge is £66. 9. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Dunlavan. There are slight remains of the
church, situated in a burial-place, near an old mansion
the property of the Leslie family.
602
TUBBER, or Tubber-Roe, a village, in the parish
of KiLCROAN, union of Castlerea, barony of Bally-
MOE, county of Galway, and province of Connaught,
5 miles (S. W.) from Ballymoe, and near the road from
Dunmore to Roscommon; containing 149 inhabitants.
Here are the ruins of an ancient abbey.
TUBBERCURRY, or Tobercorry, a chapelry, in
the parish of Achonry, barony of Leney, union and
county of Sligo, and province of Connaught, 8^ miles
(S. W.) from Ballymote, and on the road from Boyle to
Ballina ; containing 783 inhabitants. The village, which
comprises 149 houses, has a receiving-house for letters
under Ballymote, and a dispensary : it is a constabu-
lary police station ; and petty-sessions are held in it
every Thursday. There is a market on Monday ; and
fairs are held on Feb. 6th, March 25th, May 22nd, June
27th, Aug. 15th, Oct. 4th, and Nov. 29th. The chapel
is a neat building with an octagonal tower, erected in
1830 by aid of a gift of £900 from the late Board of
First Fruits : it is built of limestone (procured from a
quarry in the parish) in the Gothic style, and stands on
a commanding eminence. The curate is appointed by
the Dean of Achonry, and has a stipend of £75.
TUBBERMORE, or Tobarmore, a post-town^ in
the parish of Kilcronaghan, union of Magherafelt,
barony of Loughinsholin, county of Londonderry,
and province of Ulster, 18 miles (S.) from Coleraine,
on the road to Armagh, and 98 (N. by W.) from Dublin ;
containing 525 inhabitants. It is situated on the river
Moyola, and consists of an irregular street containing
121 small thatched houses. Fairs are held on Jan. 17th,
Feb. 13th, March 28th, May 31st, July 5th, Aug. 12th,
and Oct. 19th. Here are chapels for Independents and
Presbyterians. The ancient fountain, or Tober-mor,
which gave name to the town, and is now dry, was once
sufficiently powerful to supply a mill close by, now in
ruins.
TUBBERS, or Tubberindowney, a village, in the
parish of Beagh, union of Gort, barony of Kiltartan,
county of Galway, and province of Connaught, 5 miles
(S. W.) from Gort, on the road to Ennis ; containing
167 inhabitants. Two large fairs for horses and lambs
are held here on July 12th and Sept. 20th.
TUBBERSCANAVIN, a village, in the parish of
Ballysadere, barony of Tiraghrill, union and county
of Sligo, and province of Connaught, 1 mile (S. E.)
from Collooney, and on the road from Boyle to Sligo ;
containing 51 houses, and 259 inhabitants. Fairs are
held on May 17th, June 30th, Sept. 19th, and Oct.
31st.
TUBBERVILLE.— See Trubly.
TUBBRIDBRITTAIN, or Tubbridbretain, a pa-
rish, in the barony of Cranagh, union and county of
Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (S. W.)
from Freshford, on the road to Urlingford ; containing
1293 inhabitants, and comprising 4140 statute acres.
It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part
of the union of Aghoure, or Freshford ; the rectory is
impropriate in the corporation of Kilkenny, and the
tithe rent-charge is £187. 10., two-thirds payable to the
corporation, and one-third to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Urlingford, and contains a large chapel recently
erected. Here is an ancient castle, consisting of a
square tower.
TU L L
T U L T.
TUBRID, a parish, in the union of Caruick, barony
of IvERK, county of Kilkenny, and province of Lein-
STEK, 9^ miles (s. by W.) from Knocktopher ; contain-
ing '241 inhabitants, and comprising 2'24H|- statute acres.
It is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory, forming part of
the union of Fiddown ; the tithe rent-charge is £3". 10.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the district of Moncoin.
TUBRID, a parish, in the union of Clogheen,
barony of Iffa and Offa West, county of Tipperary,
and province of Munster, 4 miles (S. W.) from Cahir,
on tlie road to Clogheen ; containing 4874 inhabitants.
Inclusive of mountain and bog, this parish comprises
1'2,573 statute acres. Within its limits are two stations
of the constabulary police ; and the seats of Scart and
Carrigataha, the latter pleasantly situated near the river
Suir. The manor is the property of Lord Waterpark.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, epis-
copally united to those of Ballybacon and Whitechurch,
and in the patronage of the Bishop : the rectory forms
part of the corps of the deanery. The tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £716. 9., of which £4'25. 11.6. are pay-
able to the dean, and the remainder to the incumbent.
A portion of the deanery lands, comprising 28 statute
acres, is in this parish ; the glebe here comprises "27
acres, and there is a glebe in Ballybacon of 4a. Ir. 22p.
The church is a modern edifice with a neat tower. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Ballylooby, or Whitechurch. Some re-
mains of Ruscoe Castle still e.xist, boldly situated on a
rock ; and there is a holy well, dedicated to St. Kearn,
much venerated by the peasantry. The Irish historian.
Dr. Geoffrey Keating, who was a native and the priest
of this parish, is buried in Tubrid churchyard : in front
of an old ruined chapel, close to the church, is a Latin
inscription, dated 1644, enjoining the reader to pray for
the souls of Eugenius Duhy and Geoffrey Keating, its
founders.
TULLA, or Tulloh, a market and post town, and
a parish, in the union of Scariff, barony of Upper
Tulla, county of Clare, and province of Munster,
10 miles (E.) from Ennis, and 109| (W. N. W.) from
Dublin, on the road from Ennis to Killaloe ; containing
S748 inhabitants, of whom 1'217 are in the town. This
place appears to have some claims to antiquity ; there
are numerous remains of ancient castles, formerly the
residences of its landed proprietors. The town is plea-
santly situated on a hill, and is surrounded with highly
interesting scenery, enlivened with numerous elegant
seats and pleasing villas. The principal trade is derived
from its situation on a public thoroughfare : the market
is on Thursday ; fairs, chiefly for the sale of cattle, are
held on May 13th and Sept. 29th. A sub-post office is
in conne.\ion with Limerick ; and a chief constabulary
police force is stationed in the town. There is a hand-
some court-house in which quarter-sessions are held
twice a year, in June and October ; road-sessions for
the barony are held here, as are also petty-sessions on
alternate Thursdays : a small bridewell for the district
consists of si.\ cells, two day-rooms, and two yards.
The parish comprises 24,53 If statute acres ; there is a
large tract of mountain, and a considerable portion of
bog. The system of agriculture is rapidly improving ;
the only waste land is mountain, which, in consequence
of the improved lines of road now in progress, and the
603
abundance of limestone, will perhaps be speedily re-
claimed and brought into cultivation. On the plough-
land of Milltown is a lead-mine, which was formerly
worked, but is at present discontinued ; and among the
grey limestone-rocks is a vein of white calcareous spar,
not yet worked. The principal seats are Maryfort, Kil-
tanon, Newlawn, Fort Anne, Cragg, and Tyredagh.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Killaloe ; one moiety of the rectory forms part of the
union of Ogashin, and the other, with the vicarage, con-
stitutes the corps of the i>rebend of Tulloh in the cathe-
dral of Killaloe. The tithe rent-charge is £28.5, U.6.,
of which £213. 7. 6. are payable to the prebendary of
Tulloh, £69. 5. to the incumbent of Ogashin, and the
remainder to the prebendary of Tomgraney. The glebe-
house is a good residence near the church, built in 1819
by the then incumbent, by aid of £100 from the Board
of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 3 acres : the church,
towards the erection of which the Board granted a loan
of £700, in 1817, is a neat edifice with a spire. The
Roman Catholic parish is co-extensive with that of the
Established Church ; it contains two chapels, one in the
town and one at Drimcharley. There is a dispensary.
At Kiltanon is a succession of limestone caverns, through
which a rivulet takes its course ; these are much visited
in summer : many petrified shells are found in the lime-
stone, some of which are nearly perfect and very curious.
On the hill of Tulla are the remains of an ancient abbey,
and at Newgrove and Milltown remains of Druidical
altars.
TULLAFERNE, county of Donegal.— See Tclly.
TULLAGH, county of Carlow. — See Tcllow.
TULLAGH, a parish, in the union of Skibbereen,
Eastern division of the barony of West Carbery,
county of Cork, and province of Munster, 6^ miles
(S. by \V.) from Skibbereen, and on the southern coast ;
containing 3690 inhabitants. This parish, which in-
cludes the island of Sherkin or Innisherkin, and the
village and sea-port of Baltimore (both of which are
separately described), is situated on the harbour of
Baltimore, and comprises 5349 statute acres. The sur-
face is hilly, and in some places rises to a considerable
elevation ; the principal eminence is Ballylinch, 649 feet
above the level of the sea. The greater portion of the
parish is rocky, in some places quite bare, but in others
affording good pasture : about one-half of the land is
under cultivation, and as it consists chiefly of small
patches among the rocks, spade husbandry is neces-
sarily adopted, and the manure is conveyed on horse-
back. Good freestone is found near the shores of the
inner bay, and slate e.xists in several places. The prin-
cipal seats are Baltimore Castle, Lough-Hyne. and Bal-
timore House. The living is a rectory and vicarage,
in the diocese of Ross, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £225. The glebe-
house was built about 1616, when £100 were given and
£825 lent by the late Board of First Fruits ; the glebe
comprises 23 statute acres. The church, towards the
erection of which the late Board granted a loan of £600
in 1S18, is in the village of Baltimore. In the Roman
Catholic divisions, the island of Innisherkin forms part
of the district of Cape Clear, and the remainder of the
parish part of that of Skibbereen : there are two chapels,
one in the island, the other at Rathmore ; the latter, on
the new road from Baltimore to Skibbereen, is a large
4 H2
TU LL
plain building. The parochial school, at Baltimore,
built in 183'2 at the expense of Lord Carbery, is a large
and handsome structure, comprising a centre and two
wings, the former containing the master's apartments,
and the latter the male and female schools. The exten-
sive and picturesque ruins of Baltimore Castle still re-
main ; but of Ardagh Castle, which stood on an eminence
nearly in the centre of the parish, a small fragment only
exists. The remains of the old church are picturesquely
situated on the shore of a small bay opposite the island
of Ringa- Roga.
TULLAGHAN.— See Rossinver.
TULLAGHER, a village, in the parish of Dysert-
MORE, union of New Ross, barony of Ida, county of
Kilkenny, and province of Leinster; containing 187
inhabitants.
TULLAGHOBIGLEY, a parish, in the union of
DuNFANAGHY, barony of Kilmacrenan, county of
Donegal, and province of Ulster, 7 miles (S. W.)
from Dunfanaghy ; on the north-west coast, and on
the rivers Gwidore and Clady ; containing 9049 inha-
bitants. For civil purposes it is divided into east and
west ; the former contains about 5500, and the latter
about 3500, inhabitants. It is said to derive its name
from TuUy O'Bigley, who founded a monastery here, of
which the remains exist. There are 68,608 statute
acres, of which 785 are in Tory Island, 9*24 in tbe tide-
way of the Gwidore or Gweedore, and 1720 in small
loughs. About one-fourth of the entire superficies is
arable, and the remainder mountain and bog ; agricul-
ture is in general but little improved. Within the limits
>)f the parish are the district of Cloghanheely ; part of
that of the Rosses ; and the islands of Tory (about two
leagues to the north-east), Innisboffin, Island Dowey or
Innisduck (comprising about 20 acres of arable and
pasture and a quantity of mountain land), Innisbeg,
Inisinney, and Innismanan, of which the two first are
inhabited, and the rest only during the summer. Here
are also Bloody-Foreland Point, in lat. 55° 8', and Ion.
8° 17' ; and the mountains of Errigal 2462 feet, Carn-
treena 1396 feet, and Bloody-Foreland 1035 feet, above
the level of the sea.
In the Rosses, at a place called Rosapenna, so lately
as 1784 the district was well cultivated, planted, and
improved, particularly around the mansion of Lord
Boyne, whose demesne excited general admiration ; but
now the house, park, garden, and even the tallest trees,
are covered with sand blown in from the Atlantic : the
chimneys are only visible at times ; and, added to this,
1400 acres of land lie buried beneath the sand, which
is every year increasing. The estate of Gweedore, which
passed into the hands of Lord George Hill about the
year 1838, has been since vastly improved : there is
now a comfortable inn ; luxuriant crops are raised ;
neat cottages have been erected, and good roads formed.
That nobleman has also built a corn-store and a shop
near the mouth of the river Gweedore ; a quay for ves-
sels to unload at the store ; a corn-mill ; a dispensary ;
and a sessions-house. On the townland of TuUaghobig-
ley iron-ore has been found in large lumps ; and in the
Errigal mountain, extensive lead-mines, belonging to
the Earl of Leitrim, have been successfully worked, but
are at present abandoned. Fairs are held at Gortahock
on the first Tuesday, at the Cross Roads the last Thurs-
day, and at Derrybeg on the last Monday, in every
604
TUL L
month ; but they are only indifferently attended. The
gentlemen's seats are Cashel and Dunloey, near which
latter is a fine marble-quarry. The living is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe, and in the pa-
tronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £165,
and the glebe comprises 40 acres, valued at £30 per
annum. The roof of the church fell in in 1834, which
having left it a ruin, divine service was performed in
the rector's house, until the recent erection of a new
church by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, at a cost
of £619. In the Roman Catholic arrangements the
parish is divided into East and West Tullaghobigley,
the former being united to the parish of Raymunter-
doney : the chapel atGortahork, in the eastern division,
is a large slated building, erected about 60 years since ;
and at Cottern, in the western division, is a chapel,
which has been built nearly 100 years. The parochial
school, in which are about 50 children, is aided by an
annual donation from Colonel Robertson's fund. At
Maghragallan are the ruins of an old church, and a
burial-ground.
TULLAGHOG, Tullyhog, or Tbllyhogue, a vil-
lage, in the parish of Desertcreight, union of Cooks-
town, barony of Dungannon, county of Tyrone, and
province of Ulster, 2^ miles (S.) from Cookstowu, and
on the road from Stewartstown to Coleraine ; containing
103 inhabitants. This place, though now an insig-
nificant village, was of importance at an early period.
On the summit of a gentle eminence, a little north-
eastward from the village, is a large circular encamp-
ment surrounded by deep fosses and earthworks, on
which is said to have stood the residence of the ancient
chieftain O'Haedhagain, or O'Hagan; in this fortress
the chiefs of the O'Nials were solemnly inaugurated into
the style and authority of " The O'Nial." The Earl of
Tyrone retired into this stronghold when retreating
before the victorious army of Elizabeth; and in 1602,
the Lord-Deputy Mountjoy remained for some time at
Tullaghog, and broke in pieces the strong chair of stone
in which the O'Nials had been installed. On June 27th,
1603, Sir Garrett More had here the first audience with
the Earl of Tyrone, the last prince of the O'Nial race :
two days afterwards Tyrone left the fortress, and on the
30th, at Mellifont Abbey, submitted to the English
government; he received a pardon, and was shortly
restored to his earldom and possessions. All that is
left of the ancient city is the fortress before noticed : no
vestige remains of the regal chair, though there were
pieces of it in the orchard belonging to the glebe-house
so lately as 1776. The fortress is planted with trees :
it forms part of BallymuUy, the glebe of Desertcreight.
The village has a receiving-house for letters in connexion
with Cookstown, Dungannon, and Stewartstown ; and
comprises 27 houses, among which is a handsome
school-house with a residence for the master, built by
John Lindesay, Esq. Close adjoining is the site of the
ancient priory of Donaghrisk, founded by one of the
O'Hagans in 1294, and of which nothing remains but
the cemetery, the ancient burial-place of the clan of
O'Hagan, and more recently of the family of Lindesay :
a remarkable tomb is erected to the memory of
" Robert Lyndsay, Chiefe Harbeger to y King James."
TULLAGHORE, Tullachgor, or Tulloghgor, a
parish, in the union of Ballvmoney, barony of Upper
Dunluce, county of Antrim, and province of Ulster ;
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T IJ L L
adjoining the town of Ballymoney, and containing 90
inhabitants. Tullaghore has merged into Ballymoney
for ecclesiastical purposes. It comprises, according to
the Ordnance survey, 43'2i statute acres. Here is said
to have been a religious house, over which St. Nehemias
presided in the time of St. Patrick.
TULLAGHORTON, a parish, in the union of Clo-
GHEEN, barony of Iffa and Offa West, county of
TippERARY, and province of Mi'nsteu, on the coach-
road from Clonmel to Cork, and on the river Tar ; con-
taining, with part of the post-town of Clogheen, 2198
inhabitants. This parish contains 6889 statute acres,
mostly under tillage. Here is abundance of limestone,
used for manure and for building ; and peat is cut on
the mountain, much of which is reclaimable. A silver-
mine was worked for a short time, about 50 years since,
on the townland of Castle-Grace ; but it was discon-
tinued, though the ore was considered valuable. An
extensive flour-mill, employing from 30 to 40 persons,
and which is supposed to have cost £6000, has been
built at Castle-Grace by Samuel Grubb, Esq., of Clo-
gheen. A manorial court is held in the parish by the
seneschal of the Earl of Glengall, lord of the manor.
The chief seats are Parson's Green, Castle-Grace, and
Ballyboy. The living, now suppressed, was a rectr)ry
and vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore; the rectory
formed the corps of the prebend of Lismore, with which
the vicarage was held, and was in the patronage of the
Bishop. The tithe rent-charge is £'291. 7- ; the glebe,
close to the site of the old church, comprises 3r. 6p., and
was annexed to the vicarage. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Bally-
looby, or Whitechurch, and contains a chapel. There
is a holy well, to which pilgrims resort once a year.
The ruins of a castle here, denominated Castle-Grace,
consist at present of two towers on the east side, com-
prising an area about 40 yards square : it was erected
as a strong position to check the inroads of the Des-
monds by Raymond le Gros, who came over with
Strongbow and received a grant of this property, with
other possessions, from King John ; it passed to the
Butler family, and is now the property of the Earl of
Glengall. At Ballyboy are slight remains, indicating
that it was once of considerable strength, of an old
castle formerly belonging to the Desmonds.
TULLAHOUGHT, a parish, in the union of Car-
RiCK-ON-SuiR, barony of Kells, county of Kilkenny,
and province of Leinster, ,5 miles (N.) from Carrick-
on-Suir, on the road to Kilmoganny ; containing 17,50
inhabitants. This parish is situated on the small river
Lingam, which here separates the counties of Kilkenny
and Tipperary, and the provinces of Leinster and Mun-
ster. It comprises 46015- statute acres ; the sub-
stratum consists chiefly of a slaty argillite. Near Kil-
macoliver is an extensive quarry of slate of superior
quality, called the Ormond Quarry, in which about 1.50
persons are generally employed ; the slates have an
extensive sale in this and the adjoining counties, being
considered nearly equal to the Welsh slates in colour
and lightness ; the quantity annually raised is consi-
derable, and the works have been extended to a depth
of r,^0 feet. Tullahought is a rectory, in the diocese of
Ossory, entirely impropriate in the Marquess of Or-
monde, to whom the tithe rent-charge, amounting to
£134. 1,1., is payable. In the Roman Catholic divisions
605
the parish forma part of the district of Killaraery ; the
chapel, a modern structure, is at Kilinacoliver. At
Lamogue are some remains of an ancient church.
TULLAMAIN, a parish, in the poor-law union of
Callan, barony of Shillelogher, county of Kil-
kenny, and province of Leinster, 1^ mile (N.) from
Callan, on the road to Kilkenny ; containing '294 in-
habitants, and comprising 117'2 statute acres. It is a
rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, forming
part of the union of Callan : the tithe rent-charge is
£78. 15. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, the
parish is part of the union or district of Callan.
TULLAMAIN, a parish, in the union of Cashel,
barony of Midulethird, county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, 4 miles (\V.) from Fethard ; con-
taining 688 inhabitants. It comprises 2217 statute
acres; the land is in general good and mostly in pasture,
and there is abundance of limestone, Tullamain House,
the principal seat, is pleasantly situated. The parish is
a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cashel, form-
ing part of the union of Redcity : the tithe rent-charge
is £105. Some remains of the church still exist; and
there is a very extensive moat with intrenchments,
which, from its being planted with fine trees, forms a
conspicuous object in the neighbourhood.
TULLAMORE, or Kilbride, a market, assize, and
post town, a parish, and the head of a union, in the
barony of Ballycovtan, King's county, and province
of Leinster, '20 miles (S. E. by E.) from Athlone, and
495 (W. by S.) from Dublin, on the road to Parscms-
town, and on the line of the Grand Canal from Dublin
to Shannon Harbour; containing 96O8 inhabitants, of
whom 6343 are in the town. About the year 1790 this
place was an insignificant village, consisting almost
wholly of thatched cabins ; but having been nearly de-
stroyed by an accidental fire, occasioned by the mis-
management of a fire-balloon, it was rebuilt by the Earl
of Charleville, the proprietor, in an improved manner.
Its central situation in a very fertile agricultural district,
and the circumstance of its being for some time the
terminus of the Grand Canal, before the line was ex-
tended to Shannon Harbour, caused it to increase very
rapidly in wealth and population, insomuch that an act
of parliament was passed in 1833 to transfer the place
of holding the assizes and transacting the county business
to it from Philipstown, which had been the assize town
from the time of the formation of the county in the
reign of Philip and Mary. The small river Clodagh, a
branch of the Brosna, passes through it, and is crossed
by a neat bridge. The town now consists of 1179
houses, and is the chief mart for the agricultural pro-
duce of a large extent of country, which in return draws
from it the requisite supplies of foreign articles and
manufactures : several stores have been erected on the
banks of the Grand Canal, which passes close to the
town, and affords a direct communication between this
central depot and Dublin on one side and the west of
Ireland on the other. The distance of Tullamore from
Dublin by the canal is 57 miles. Various branches of
industry are carried on here with considerable spirit :
there are two distilleries and three breweries, and near
the town is a large brick-manufactory. A branch of
the Bank of Ireland is established. The market, which
is held on Tuesday and Saturday, is well supplied with
provisions ; a neat market-house has been built by
TULL
TULL
Lord Charleville : fairs are held on May 10th, July 10th,
and Oct. 21st. The assizes for the county and the
general sessions of the peace are held here, as also are
petty-sessions every Saturday. The new county court-
house is a fine building in the Grecian style, containing
all the requisite accommodations for the public business :
the county gaol, erected in 1S31, is a castellated build-
ing on the radiating principle, consisting of 114 single
cells, 10 debtors' rooms, 8 day-rooms, 8 work-rooms,
and S yards, with a chapel and hospital. The town is
a chief constabulary police station, and has a barrack
capable of accommodating 3 officers and 85 non-com-
missioned officers and privates.
The PARISH originally formed part of the lands of the
abbey of Durrow, on the dissolution of which they were
divided into the two parishes of Dermagh or Durrow,
and Kilbride, which constituted a union until separated
by an order of council. It contains 10,152 statute
acres, the greater portion of which consists of town-
parks of highly cultivated land of good quality ; the
remainder is of an inferior description, and includes
some boggy ground : there are quarries of excellent
limestone for building. The demesne of Charleville
Forest, the seat of the Earl of Charleville, extends to the
town; it is remarliable for the judicious advantage taken
of its great natural beauties. The mansion is a spacious
structure, erected in the style of an English baronial
castle, from designs by Mr. Francis Johnston ; the
demesne contains about 1500 statute acres richly wooded,
and comprises two artificial lakes, the larger of which is
studded with islands. The Clodagh passes through it
along a deep glen, forming several fine cascades over-
hung with trees ; the largest of the cascades is seen to
most advantage from an artificial grotto formed for the
purpose of giving employment during a season of
scarcity.
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath,
partly impropriate in the Earl of Norbury, and partly,
with cure of souls, in the patronage of the Bishop : the
tithe rent-charge is £208. 11., one-half payable to the
impropriator and the other to the incumbent, each
having the entire tithe of certain portions of the parish.
The glebe-house, which is near the church, was built by
means of £323 and a loan of £415 from the late Board
of First Fruits, in 1815 : the glebe comprises 4^ acres,
valued at £9. The church, situated about a quarter of
a mile from the town, on the Portarlington road, was
erected in 1 818, in the Gothic style, after a design by
Mr. Johnston, at an expense of £8030 British, of which
£738 were a gift and £2769 a loan from the Board of
First Fruits, and the residue, amounting to £4523, was
a donation from Lord Charleville ; the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners lately granted £700 towards repairs.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head
of a district, comprising also Durrow : each parish has
a chapel; that inTuUamore is a large building, to which
several additions have been made in various styles of
architecture. There are places of worship for Primitive
and Wesleyan Methodists, and a meeting-house belong-
ing to the Society of Friends. The county infirmary is
in the town. The workhouse of the union, on a site of
6^ acres purchased for £685, was completed in 1841 at
an expense of £5950, and is constructed to receive 700
mmates. The remains of a castle built in 1626 by Sir
Jasper Herbert, on the abbey lands demised to him by
606 '
Queen Elizabeth for a term of years and afterwards
granted to him in fee by James I., are still in existence ;
as also are those of three small square castles built by
some of his tenants at Ballestillenury, Aharne, and
Aughinanagh. The ruins of the first-named shew it to
have been a building of some extent and grandeur, and
an inscription over the entrance records the date and
circumstances of its erection. Shrahikerne Castle was
built, as appears from an inscription on its ruins, in
1588 by John Briscoe, an officer in Queen Elizabeth's
army : its name signifies " Kearney of the Shragh," the
remains of whose family house, previously to the build-
ing of the castle, are also still to be seen. There are
several sulphuro-chalybeate springs in the vicinity. Tul-
lamore gives the subordinate title of Baron to the Earl
of Charleville.
TULLANISKEN, a parish, in the union and barony
of DuNGANNON, county of Tyrone, and province of
Ulster, on the road from Dungannon to Stewartstown,
and on the Tyrone canal ; containing, with part of the
post-town of Coal-Island {which set), 4106 inhabitants.
This parish comprises 446 1^ statute acres, of which 26
are under water : the surface is remarkably undulating,
and the soil various ; that part which is under tillage
is generally productive of good corn-crops and flax. At
Derryvale is a large green for bleaching linen-cloth,
where about 30,000 pieces are annually finished for the
foreign and English markets; and at Coal- Island and
Newmills are extensive iron-works, forges, and plating-
mills, for the manufacture of spades, shovels, edge-tools,
&c. At Coal-Island, also, are two large establishments
for the manufacture of fire-bricks, pots for glass-houses,
and crucibles, one of which was established in 1834 by
two English gentlemen from Stourbridge : the greater
part of the goods manufactured here are for the home
trade. There are extensive coal-works, earthenware
manufactories, and many other trades dependent on the
above, all in full operation and productive of great bene-
fit to this part of the country. The surrounding scenery
is interesting, and the land is well planted : among the
principal seats are Lisdhue, Bloomhill, Drumreagh, Tor-
ren Hill, Beech Grove, and Derryvale.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, and
in the patronage of the Lord Primate ; the tithe rent-
charge is £150. The glebe-house was built about 1791,
at a cost of £813 British, of which £100 were a gift
from the late Board of First Fruits. The old church
was destroyed in the war of 1641; in the 15th of
Charles II. this parish was episcopally united to that of
Drumglass, and Tullanisken church remained in ruins
until 1792, when Primate Robinson dissolved the union
and erected the present church at Newmills, on the
site of the ancient one. It is a plain building with an
embattled square tower, and was built at a cost of £553
British, of which £461 were a gift from the before-
mentioned Board, £35 were raised by parochial assess-
ment, and the residue by private subscription ; in 1823
a gallery was added at an expense of £73, of which £40
were subscribed by individuals, the residue being raised
by parochial assessment. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is one of three forming the district of
Drumglass, and has one small chapel. Near Lake Far-
lough is an ancient mansion named alter it, distin-
guished as occupying the site of Tyrone's favourite
camp ; and a little westward from Tullanisken church.
TULL
TU LL
on the northern bank of the Torren, is a large and well-
fortified encampment thrown up by Turlogh O'Nial. In
the churchyard is a venerable ash-tree, measuring '29
feet iu circumference ; near Drumrea is a valuable sul-
phureous spring, said to be highly beneficial in scorbutic
cases. Ducart, the celebrated engineer, resided for some
years in this parish, and under his direction the aque-
ducts, bridges, &c., of the canal, were constructed, by
the Board of Inland Navigation : a remarkable aque-
duct constructed under his direction still remains entire,
near Newmills.
TULLAROAN, a parish, in the barony of Cranagh,
union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Lein-
STER, 7 miles (N.W.) from Kilkenny ; containing 3490
inhabitants. TuUaroan formed part of the extensive
territories of Raymond le Gros, Strongbow's companion
in arms. He fixed his principal residence at Courts-
town, in this parish, whence the head of the family was
in after times sometimes styled Baron of TuUaroan or
of Courtstown, and the surrounding lands were often
distinguished by the name of Grace's parish. Its east-
ern boundary lies within four miles of the city of Kil-
kenny, joining the liberties ; its western is the small
river Munster, which borders the parish for three miles,
forming the line of demarkation between Kilkenny and
Tipperary : its extent is about six miles from east to
west and five from north to south, comprising 12,3595
statute acres. Three-fourths consist of hills of consi-
derable height, inclosing a fertile and spacious vale of
pasture and meadow ground, opening southwards to a
rich and well-planted range of country. The hills are
capable of cultivation to their summits, and the vale
consists of a fine aluminous soil irrigated by a number
of streams, the principal of which, rising in the northern
part, after passing through it, falls into the King's river
at Callan : this stream is remarkable for the number
and quality of its trout ; while in the neighbouring
stream of the Munster, that fish is scarcely ever taken.
The soil of the hills is argillaceous clay and peat, easily
reclaimable by a judicious application of lime and marl.
Though more subject to rain than the more level dis-
tricts, TuUaroan is far from being wet or boggy, and is
peculiarly healthy, having been less affected by the
ravages of typhus fever during the visitations of that
disease than any other part of the county. Many por-
tions of the valley were once thickly planted ; but the
land has been completely cleared since the Revolution ;
and as no pains were taken to preserve a sufficient
quantity, nor have been since to repair the loss by new
plantations, the landscape presents a bare and denuded
appearance.
The hills form part of a chain extending south-
westwards into Tipperary, where they form a portion of
the coal districts. Indications of this valuable mineral
are perceptible in many parts of the parish ; but the
attempts to explore the veins have not been undertaken
in that spirit of perseverance that would enable the
speculators to form a well-grounded estimate of the
probable results of an outlay of capital. As far as the
superficial workings have afforded means of determining
the quality of the veins, these appear to enlarge as they
descend, dipping into the mountain at an angle of about
?3 degrees, and therefore incapable of being worked
with a prospect of success without a large expenditure
for machinery and skilful workmanship. The crops
60r
cultivated are oats and potatoes, the soil not being
well adapted for wheat ; but most of the land is under
meadow or pasture, chiefly for dairy-farms, there being
very few landholders who do not send considerable
quantities of butter to market. The village is a con-
stabulary police station, and has a fair on the 26th
of August. The roads in some parts are formed of
a kind of black slate, which in wet weather is very
soft : this defect could easily be remedied, as abun-
dance of good gravel is to be had from the beds of the
streams.
The parish is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Ossory, forming part of the union of Callan : the tithe
rent-charge is £384. 18. In the Roman Catholic divi-
sions the parish is part of the district of Freshford :
the chapel is on the townland of Brith. There is scarcely
a townland in which some vestige of remote antiquity
cannot be traced. One of the most perfect raths is at
Courtstown ; it is composed of a large moated inclosure
encompassing a smaller : on the same townland are two
of inferior dimensions. Others of very large size are
on the lands of Rathely-Grace, and near the site of the
old parish church. The ruins of Courtstown Castle,
which for many years presented striking remains in-
dicative of its former extent and importance, are now
reduced to little more than an outline of the founda-
tions : in digging among these, many curious relics of
former ages have been discovered. About half a mile
eastward of the castle are the ruins of TuUaroan church
and Grace's chapel, both founded by members of the
Grace family : the former are of small extent, and pre-
sent little to attract attention ; the latter building, which
is an offset from the church, is entered by a curiously
decorated ogee gateway. The remains of a small struc-
ture, supposed to be a friary, are near the church ; and
at the rath of Rathely-Grace are some remains of the
eastern window of an old church, and of its side walls,
which are pierced with loopholes instead of windows.
In the village are two ornamented stone crosses in a
perfect state ; a third, now mutilated, is on the roadside
near Bonnetstown. The water in some of the land-
drains is deeply coloured with ochreous matter, affording
strong indications of the existence of iron.
TULLIG, a village, in the parish of Kilballyhone,
union of Kilrush, barony of Moyarta, county of
Clare, and province of Munster j containing 269 in-
habitants.
TULLILEASE, a parish, in the union of KANXtRK,
partly in the barony of Orrery and Kilmore, but
chiefly in that of Duhallow, county of Cork, and
province of Munster, 7 miles (W. S.W.") from Charle-
ville, and on the new road from Newcastle to Kanturk ;
containing 3278 inhabitants. It is situated on the river
Allua, which flows into the Blackwater below Kanturk ;
and comprises 8292 statute acres. The state of agri-
culture is rapidly improving, in consequence of the con-
struction of new roads in this district, of which that
between Newcastle and Kanturk intersects the pari.'h
from the borders of the county of Limerick to Johns
Bridge. Some veins of culm have been discovered, but
not yet worked ; at Ballinaguila is a quarrj- of fine
flagstones ; and there are quarries of good brownstone
within the limits of the parish. On the Allua is a small
oatmeal-mill. Fairs are held at Tullilease on March
1st, April 29th, June 29th, and Oct. 24th, for cattle and
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pigs. The chief seats are Tullilease House and Bellajth.
The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in
the patronage of the Bishop : the rectory is impropriate
in the representatives of A. Ankittle, Esq. ; and the
tithe rent-charge, £255, is payable in equal portions to
the impropriators and the vicar. There is neither
church, glebe-house, nor glebe ; divine service is per-
formed at Tullilease House. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Free-
mount ; divine service is performed in a private house
until a chapel can be built. Of the ancient priory
which, according to Ware, was founded here by Mat-
thew Mac Griffin for Canons Regular of the rule of
St. Augustine, and which was afterwards united to
Kells, in Ossory, the ruins of the church still exist, and
contain a stone effigy supposed to be that of St. Barna-
bas, the patron saint : the burial-ground is still used.
TULLOGHALLEN.— See Tullyallen.
TULLOGHER, a village, in the parish of Dysert-
MORE, union of New Ross, barony of Ida, county of
Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 4 miles (S.)
from Inistioge ; containing 31 houses, and 187 inha-
bitants.
TULLOGHMEELAN, or Tullamellon, a parish,
in the union of Clogheen, barony of Iffa and Offa
West, county of Tipperary, and province of Mun-
STER, 5 miles (S. W. by W.) from Clonmel, on the road to
Cork; containing 1155 inhabitants. It is on the river
Suir, and comprises 2696 statute acres, chiefly under an
improved system of tillage. Knocklofty, the seat of
the Earl of Donoughmore, is situated in a finely wooded
and extensive demesne, which, with the deer-park, com-
prises about 320 acres ; the demesne is bounded on the
south by the river, exhibits some delightful scenery, and
commands extensive and interesting views. The living
is a rectory, in the diocese of Lismore, united to that of
Newcastle, together constituting the corps of the trea-
surership, in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £145. 7. The lands belong-
ing to the treasurership comprise 965 statute acres, of
which 72, called Ballynalegan, adjoin the town of Lis-
more, on the river Blackwater ; the remaining 24:|: acres
constitute the glebe of Newcastle, and the whole is let
on lease at £47. 10. per annum, and an annual renewal
fine of £27. The gross value of the dignity, tithe and
land inclusive, amounted, before the passing of the
Rent-charge act, to £436 per annum. The glebe-house
was built in 1817 ; the late Board of First Fruits gave
£300 and lent £"50 towards its erection. The church,
a neat and commodious edifice with a tower, was erected
about 50 years since. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish forms parts of the district of Ardfinnan, and
contains a chapel. John, second earl of Donoughmore,
is interred in the family vault at TuUoghmeelan : he
succeeded Sir Ralph Abercromby in the command of
the army in Egypt, where he much distinguished him-
self; and was raised to the peerage in 1801 as Baron
Hutchinson of Alexandria and Knocklofty : his lord-
ship died in 1832. There are some ancient Danish forts
within the limits of the parish.
TULLOHANBROGE, or Grove, a parish, in the
union of Callan, partly in the barony of Granagh,
but chiefly in the barony of Shillelogher, county of
Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (W. S.
W.) from Kilkenny, on the road to Callan: containing
608
10/8 inhabitants, and comprising 348/ statute acres.
Within its limits is Ballykeefe Hill, the property of the
Earl of Desart, which has been lately planted to the
extent of 90 acres, and forms a conspicuous and in-
teresting feature. It is a rectory and vicarage, in the
diocese of Ossory, the vicarage forming part of the
union of Inchiolaghan and of the corps of the chancel-
lorship : the tithe rent-charge is £174. 2. 6., of which
£116. 1. 8., the rectorial portion, belong to the vitars-
choral of the cathedral of Christ Church, Dublin, and
£58. 0. 10., the vicarial, are payable to the incumbent.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is in the
district of St. Patrick's. Some remains of the old church
of Kyleballykeefe still exist ; and at Ballykeefe are the
ruins of the castle of that name.
TULLOW, or TuLLOWPHELiM, a market and post
town, and a parish, in the barony of Rathvilly, union
and county of Carlow, and province of Leinster,
7i miles (E. S. E.) from Carlow, and 46^ (S. S. W.) from
Dublin, on the road from Carlow to Newtownbarry ;
containing 4478 inhabitants, of whom 2019 are in the
town, which extends into the parish of Fennagh, and
contains altogether 3097 inhabitants. This place, which
is situated on the river Slaney, over which is a bridge of
five arches, built, according to an inscription on it, in the
year I767, is supposed to have been originally an ap-
pendage to a castle erected here by some of the first
English settlers under the directions of Hugh de Lacy,
and to a monastery founded in 1315 for Augustinian
friars by Simon Lumbard and Hugh Tallon, whose grant
was confirmed, in 1331, by Edward III. At the Dis-
solution, the temporalities of the monastery were granted
to the Earl of Ormonde. The castle was defended by
Colonel Butler in 1650 against the parliamentarian
army, but after a stubborn resistance was taken by
Colonels Hewson and Reynolds. There are no vestiges
of it now in existence, and the only relic of the abbey
is a mutilated stone cross in a burial-ground on the
south side of the river; it is said that the building
was taken down in the reign of Queen Anne, to supply
materials for the erection of a barrack on a site now-
occupied by the court-house. The town comprises
two main streets and a few lanes, in which are 565
houses, mostly of inferior description : its outlets ex-
tend into the two adjoining parishes of Ardristan and
Killerig. It obtained a patent for holding a market on
Saturday, and again for another on Tuesday ; the market
is now held on Saturday, and is the best corn-market
in the county. Fairs are held on April 21st, July 10th,
Oct. 29th, and Nov. 21st. The extensive flour-mill of
Messrs. Doyle and Pim grinds about 10,000 barrels of
wheat annually : there are also two breweries. General-
sessions of the peace are held in January, April, June,
and October ; petty-sessions are also held : the business
of both is transacted in a small court-house. The town
is a chief constabulary police station.
The parish contains 7989| statute acres, about one-
half meadow and pasture, and the remainder under
tillage, with the exception of a small portion of wood.
The Derreen river flows along its south-eastern and
southern boundaries, and at its southern extremity
joins the Slaney near the church of Aghade. The prin-
cipal seats are, Newstown ; Rathglass ; Castlemore, the
seat of the Eustace family ; Rathrush, a seat of Vis-
count Frankfort de Montmorency ; and Ballynunuery.
TUL L
TU LL
The LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, and
in the patronage of the Marquess of Ormonde : the
tithe rent-charge is £450. There is a glebe of 16 acres,
with a glebe-house built upwards of a century ago.
The church was erected in 1831 by a loan of £1800
from the Board of First Fruits ; it is in the Gothic
style. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
the head of a district, comprising the parishes of Tullow
and Tankardstown, and part of those of Ardristan,
Pubbledrum, and Urglin : in the union are three chapels ;
that of Tullow is a spacious building with three gal-
leries, to which were lately added a very fine tower and
spire. There is a monastery in the town, the friars of
which, ten in number, superintend a classical school ;
and also a national school to which the Board of Na-
tional Education allows £'20 per annum for an addi-
tional master. The ladies of a convent superintend two
schools, one for the daughters of the gentry, the other
a free school for the education of the poorer classes ;
the latter of these also receives aid from the National
Board. A number of orphan children are sent from
Dublin to the monastery and convent schools for in-
struction. Some distance south of the town are the
ruins of Castle Grace, erected by one of the ancient
family of Grace, descended from Raymond le Gros. The
title of Viscount Tullowphelim was enjoyed successively
by two branches of the Butler family, both of which have
been many years extinct.
TULLOW, county of Dublin.— See Tully.
TULLOWCRINE, a parish, in the barony of Idrone
West, union and county of Carlow, and province of
Leinster, .5^ miles (S. W.) from Carlow ; on the road
from Leighlin-Bridge to Castlecomer, and on the river
Barrow; containing 149'2 inhabitants, and comprising
5S99 statute acres. It is an impropriate cure, in the
diocese of Leighlin, forming part of the union of Old
Leighlin ; the rectory is appropriate to the Dean and
Chapter, and the tithe rent-charge is £'22.5. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the
district of Lcigblin-Bridge.
TULLOWHERIN, a parish, in the barony of Gow-
RAN, union and county of Kilkenny, and province of
Leinster, 3^ miles (S. S. W.) from Gowran, on the
road to Thomastown ; containing 9*6 inhabitants, and
comprising .50.t'2 statute acres. It is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, the rectory being the
corps of the precentorship, and the vicarage forming
part of the union of Kilfane and corps of the arch-
deaconry, both in the patronage of the Bishop. The
tithe rent-charge is £34.5, of which £157. 10. are pay-
able to the rector, and the remainder to the vicar. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish forms part of
the district of Thomastown, and contains a chapel. Here
is one of the ancient round towers : the upper part, near
the summit, appears to have been lighted by eight win-
dows, four of which still remain : the whole is built of
silicious breccia, but the contiguous church, which is in
ruins, is constructed of limestone.
TULLOWMAGRINAGH, or Thumagurna, a pa-
rish, partly in the barony of Forth, but chiefly in the
barony of Carlow, union and county of Carlow, and
province of Leinster, 4 miles (S. E. by S.) from Car-
low, and on the road from Leighlin-Bridge to Tullow ;
containing 11'25 inhabitants. It comprises 4064 statute
acres, chicflv under an improved system of tillage. The
Vol.' II.— 609
seats are Castletown, Racroge, and Kilballyhue. It is
a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, forming the corps
of the prebend of TuUowmagrinagh in the cathedral of
Leighlin, and part of the union of Ballinacarrig or
Staplestown : the tithe rent-charge is £'240. 11. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the pari.-^h is the head of
a district, sometimes called Tinriland, comprising also
the parishes of Ballinacarrig, Ballycrogue, and Benc-
kerry, and containing the chapels of Tinriland and
Benekerry, the former in this parish. Mr. Ilaughton,
a translator of some of Fenelou's works, lived in the
parish.
TULLOWMOY, a parish, in the union of Athy,
partly in the barony of Ballyadams, and partly in that
of Straddallv, Queen's county, and province of
Leinster, 4 miles (S. by E.) from Stradbally, on the
road to Castlecomer ; containing 1675 inhabitants, and
comprising 600S statute acres. The principal scats are
Rahinahole and Clopook, near wliich latter are the ruins
of the church and some remarkable caves. The living
is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, and in the pa-
tronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is £2'25 ;
there is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Ballyadams, and has a neat chapel at Luggacurrin,
where also is a police station. There arc extensive re-
mains of Tullowmoy Castle ; and on the grounds of
Rahinahole is an ancient rath.
TULLY, or Tullaferne, a parish, in the union of
Milford, barony of Kilmacrenan, county of Done-
gal, and province of Ulster ; containing, with part of
the post-town of Rameiton, 6141 inhabitants. It is
situated on a branch of Lough Swilly, and comprises
1 6,61 '2 statute acres, of which 383 are water. There is
a considerable portion of bog ; also part of a lake, up-
wards of a mile in length, called Lough Feme : about
100 acres of laud were lately reclaimed from the sea at
Mulroy bay. Several of the inhabitants are employed
in linen-weaving at their own houses. The gentlemen's
seats are Glenalla, Clara, and Ballyare. The parish is in
the diocese of Raphoe, aud is a rectory, forming part of
the union of Aughnish, or Tullyaughnish : the tithe rent-
charge is £44'2. 19. 6. ; and there is a glebe, comprising
51'2 Cunningham acres, valued at £'256 per annum. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of
a district comprising also the parish of Killygarvan, by
which name the district is sometimes called : each
parish contains a chapel. There are two meeting-houses
for Covenanters, and one for Presbyterians.
TULLY, or Tvllow, also called Bullock, a parish,
in the union and barony of Rath down, county of
Dublin, and province of Leinster ; containing, with
part of the village of Cabinteely, 1267 inhabitants.
Cabintecly, which is the principal village, is situated
65 miles (S. S. E.) from Dublin, on the road to Bray :
at the village of Golden-Ball, the eastern side of which
is in this parish, is a post-office. The parish comprises
3'2S5| statute acres : granite and firestone are procured
at Murphystown. Near Rockville is a deep and ro-
mantic glen or dingle. The principal seats are, Leo-
pardstown, a handsome residence situated in a demesne
of about '200 acres, the pleasure-grounds of which are
tastefully laid out and command magnificent views of
the bay of Dublin, Killiuey hills, Bray Head, and Wick-
low and Dublin mountains ; Brenanstown House, also
4 I
T ULL
situated in a fine demesne ; Cherryfield ; Rocklands ;
Rockville, commanding a view of the bay of Killiney ;
Glanamuck ; Priorsland ; Kingstown House ; North
Lodge ; Bellmont, commanding a magnificent moun-
tain view ; and Glen-Druid, which derives its name
from a very perfect cromlech or Druidical altar situ-
ated in a picturesque and richly wooded glen watered
by a mountain stream. From the summit of a lofty
tower erected by the late Mr. Barrington, of Glen-Druid,
is obtained a splendid view of the sea, the hills of Howth
and Killiney, Bray Head, the Sugar Loaves, Djouce, and
the Three Rock and Shankill mountains, with the beauti-
ful country in the foreground.
The parish is a rectory and curacy, in the diocese of
Dublin ; the rectory formed part of the corps of the
late deanery of Christ Church, and the curacy is part
of the union of Monkstown : the tithe rent-charge is
£'216. 8. 6., two-thirds of which were payable to the
dean. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
chiefly in the district of Kingstown, and has a chapel
at Cabinteely. According to Ledwich, the church of
Tully was founded by the Ostmen, and dedicated to
their favourite saint Olave ; its ruins, situated on an
eminence, still form a picturesque object, and the circular
arches bear evidence of its remote antiquity. Near the
church are the remains of some crosses with traces of
rudely sculptured figures. The cromlech at Glen-Druid
consists of a large table-stone, 14 feet long and 12 broad,
supported by six upright stones ; the former is supposed
to weigh about 25 tons. At Murphystown are the re-
mains of an ancient castle.
TULLY, a parish, partly in the barony of Kilcul-
LEN, but chiefly in that of East Ophaly, union of
Naas, county of Kildare, and province of Leinster,
1^ mile (S.) from Kildare, on the road to Castle-
Dermot ; containing 1279 inhabitants. It comprises
5165 statute acres, including a large extent of bog,
adjoining the Curragh of Kildare. A fair is held on
Dec. 21st; and there is a grist-mill within the limits of
the parish. A commandery of Knights Hospitallers
existed here at an early period, and was richly endowed ;
several chapters of the order were held here, and it
continued to flourish until the Reformation. It was sub-
sequently annexed to the bishopric of Kildare, as part
of the corps thereof : the possessions consist of upwards
of 20 townships or places yielding tithe, in some cases
the whole, and in others two-thirds ; the tithe rent-
charge is £242. IS. Under the provisions of the
Church Temporalities act the proceeds of the parish, on
the late avoidance of the bishopric, became vested in
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish forms part of the district of
Kildare and Rathangan. Some remains of the ancient
religious house and its chapel still exist. General Sars-
field, who served under James II., lived in this parish :
on taking down the house, several spoons and curious
bottles were found.
TULLYALLEN, or Tulloughallen, a parish, in
the union of Drogheda, chiefly in the barony of Fer-
rard, county of Louth, but partly in that of Upper
Slane, county of Meath, and province of Leinster,
on the road to Ardee ; containing, with part of the town
of Drogheda, 4642 inhabitants. The parish is situated
on the river Boyne, by which it is bounded on the
south. It comprises 8294 statute acres, of which 7344
610
T ULL
are in the county of Louth, including a detached por-
tion of 953 acres called Newtown-Stalaba, and 84 in
the tideway of the Boyne. The land is wholly under
tillage, the soil fertile, and the system of agriculture
improved ; the scenery on the banks of the Boyne
is pleasingly varied. On a rock rising abruptly from
the river, about two miles from Drogheda, is a stately
obelisk of stone, commemorating the battle of the
Boyne by inscriptions on the faces of the pedestal : it
was erected by subscription in the reign of George 11.;
the first stone being laid by Lionel, Duke of Dorset,
lord-lieutenant of Ireland, in 1736. The principal
seats are, Townley Hall, a handsome mansion of hewn
stone, situated in a highly improved demesne of 500
acres, and containing a choice collection of paintings ;
Newtown ; and Green Hills. The village contains about
40 houses ; the weaving of coarse linen is carried on
for the Drogheda market, and a constabulary police
force is stationed here.
The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Ar-
magh, comprising also the parish of Mellifont, and in
the patronage of the Marquess of Drogheda, in whom
the rectory is impropriate : the stipend of the curate is
£84. 6., of which £36. 18. 6. are paid by the impropri-
ator, the remainder by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
from Primate Boulter's augmentation fund. The glebe-
house, towards which the late Board of First Fruits
contributed £450 and a loan of £50, was built in 1816 ;
the glebe comprises 10 acres, valued at £8. 6. per
annum. The church, towards the erection of which
the same Board contributed £800, in 1817, is a neat
edifice, and has been repaired at an expense of £217 by
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also the parish of Mellifont ; there are two
chapels, one in the village, and one at Newtown-Dro-
gheda. Near the obelisk is a picturesque valley called
King William's Glen, in which that monarch encamped
his forces, previously to his crossing the river and ob-
taining the victory of the Boyne.
TULLYBRACKY, a parish, partly in the barony of
CosHMA, but chiefly in that of Small County, union
of KiLMALLOCK, county of Limerick, and province of
MuNSTER, If mile (N. E.) from BrufF, on the road to
Limerick ; containing 14/3 inhabitants. The parish
comprises 3209 acres, statute measure. The land is
considered to be of the most fertile character ; it is
based on a substratum of limestone. About one-fifth
is in tillage, producing heavy crops of every kind of
grain ; the remainder is meadow, or inclosed in de-
mesnes : near the boundary is a small but very valuable
bog. The most remarkable of the seats is Rockbarton,
the elegant mansion of Lord Guillamore, situated in a
demesne of great extent, beauty, and variety of scenery :
the others are, Cahir, also belonging to his lordship ;
Ballynauty ; and the glebe, the grounds of which are
laid out with much taste and densely planted. The
LIVING is a rectory, in the diocese of Limerick, forming
the corps of the prebend of the same name, and in the
patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£210. 8. per annum. The glebe-house was erected in
1813 by a gift of £250 and a loan of £550 from the
late Board of First Fruits. There are two glebes ; one on
which the house is built, the other near the old church ;
making together 45^ acres of land of the highest na-
TUL L
T U L L
tural and acquired fertility. The church, erected in
1819 on a new site about ^ a mile from the former
building, and about midway between Rockbarton and
the glebe-house, is an elegant edifice in the later English
style, with a lofty square tower crowned with pierced
battlements : it cost £'2500, of which £1200 were con-
tributed in two grants by the late Board of First Fruits,
and the remaining £1300 were given by the late Lord
Guillamore. In the Roman Catholic divisions the pa-
rish forms part of the district of Bruff. The male and
female parochial schools are wholly supported by Lord
Guillamore and the rector. A few portions of the old
church are yet in existence, and round Rockbarton are
numerous vestiges of antiquity ; but the most remark-
able ruins are those in the demesne of Cahir, which
indicate the former existence of a city of great extent :
the sites of streets, gates, and fortifications are still to be
traced, extending in some places into the adjoining pa-
rishes, and connected with the ancient forts on several
of the surrounding hills.
TULLYCANNA, a village, in the parish of Am-
BROSETOWN, uuion of Wexford, barony of Bargy,
county of Wexford, and province of Leinster ; con-
taining r23 inhabitants.
TULLYCORBET, a parish, partly in the barony of
Cremorne, but chiefly in that of Monaghan, union
and county of Monaghan, and province of Ulster,
3 miles (N.byE.) from Ballil)ay, on the road to Mo-
naghan ; containing 5096 inhabitants. It comprises
7913i statute acres, according to the Ordnance survey,
of land generally of good quality and well cultivated :
there are several lakes within its limits, the two largest
of which, Cordoo and Corfin, are near one another.
Besides the usual crops of wheat, oats, barley, and
potatoes, rye and flax are grown ; and a considerable
quantity of linen is manufactured in the houses of the
farmers. The coach-road from Dublin to Derry skirts
the parish on the east. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Clogher, forming the corps
of the prebend of Tullycorbet in the cathedral of Clo-
gher, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge is £300. The glebe-house, which is in a
dilapidated state, was built in 1*73 by the then incum-
bent at an expense of £634. 10. : the glebe, comprising
42 acres, is valued at £63 per annum. The church is a
small and plain but neat edifice, situated on an emi-
nence, and erected at an expense of £850, by a loan
from the Board of First Fruits in 1831. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a district,
comprising also Ballibay ; in each parish is a chapel.
There are three other places of worship ; two situated
respectively at Bradox and Cahans, belonging to the
General Assembly ; and the third, for Covenanters,
connected with that in the parish of Muckno.
TULLYHANOGUE, or TtLLAGHANOGUE, a parish,
in the poor-law union of Trim, barony of Upper
Navan, county of Meath, and province of Leinster,
2 miles (N. W.) from Trim, on the road to Athboy ;
containing 178 inhabitants. It is the property of Lords
Darnlcy and Sherborne; and comprises 1414 statute
acres, nearly the whole of which, except what is in
demesne, is arable and in a good state of cultivation.
The land is of fair quality, and the system of agriculture
has been greatly improved under the auspices of those
noblemen, who have erected some very superior farm-
611
houses on their estates. Clifton Lodge, the seat of the
Earl of Darnley, is a handsome mansion finely situated
in an ample demesne, which was greatly improved by
the late lord. The parish is a perpetual curacy, in the
diocese of Meath, forming part of th<; union of Trim ;
the rectory is impropriate in J. O'Reilly, Esq., and the
tithe rent-charge is £40. 17., of which £22. '.i. 6. arc
payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the
perpetual curate. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is part of the district of Moymet.
TULLYHOG, barony of Dungannon, county of
Tyrone. — See Tullaghog.
TULLYLISII, a parish, in the union of Lurgan, ba-
rony of Lower Iveagh, county of Down, and province
of Ulster; containing, with the post-town of Gilford
(which is separately described), 12,660 inhabitants.
The parish formerly was the property of the powerful
family of Maginnis, lords of Iveagh ; it was forfeited in
consequence of the part taken by the head of the family
in 1641. At the commencement of the war which
broke out in that year, a body of Protestant women
sent by Sir Phelim O'Nial from Armagh to Claneboy,
were forced to cross Lough Kernan, in this parish,
during a severe frost ; and the ice giving way when
they were in the middle of it, the whole party perished.
In 1685 the townland of Moyallen was granted to a
colony of the Society of Friends in England, whose
descendants still maintain the settlement and have con-
tributed greatly to the prosperity of the surrounding
district. In 17*2, a band of the insurgent peasantry,
who styled themselves " Hearts of Oak," attacked Gil-
ford Castle, the seat of Sir R. Johnstone, Bart., who
with his family and friends defended the place so gal-
lantly as to repulse the assailants ; but the Rev. Samuel
Morel], Presbyterian minister of the parish, who had
joined in the defence, was killed during the engage-
ment.
The PARISH, which comprises 11,707 statute acres,
according to the Ordnance survey, whereof 6920 are
applotted under the tithe act, is situated in the west of
the county, on the border of Armagh, from which county
it is separated by the Newry canal ; it is intersected by
the roads from Loughbrickland to Lurgan, from Ban-
bridge to Portadown, and from Gilford to Dromore.
The river Bann passes through it in a winding course
of five miles from east to west, passing by the town of
Gilford, which is nearly in the centre of the parish :
the only sheet of standing water is Lough Kernan, near
Banford, which covers about 43:^ acres. The soil is
fertile, in a highly imjjroved state, and cultivated ac-
cording to the best systems ; there is no waste land,
and the bogs have been mostly reclaimed. Here are
some good quarries of building-stone : numerous indi-
cations of coal have led to several unsuccessful attempts
to discover a productive vein : ironstone is found near
Gilford. The scenery is highly picturesque, the whole
of the surface being studded with well-planted seats and
with bleach-greens. The district of Moyallen is one of
the richest and most beautiful in the county ; its nu-
merous elegant houses, lawns, plantations, and greens,
with the fine river Bann winding tranquilly among
them, indicate a high degree of comfort and prosperity,
owing chiefly to the linen manufacture, which was
introduced into the parish in 1725, and has since con-
tinued to be the main source of its wealth.
412
T ULL
TUL L
The bleaching of the cloth is the process peculiarly
attended to : in the bleach-greens which border the
Bann in its progress through the parish, upwards of
138,000 pieces of linen were finished for the market in
a recent year. A thread-manufactory, carried on at
Miltown on an extensive scale, gives employment to
1*0 persons; a mill at Coose for spinning fiue linen-
yarn employs '200 : each is worked by a combination of
steam and water power. Another mill, for linen-yarn,
has been erected at Gilford on an extensive scale ; and
large works for manufacturing the chymical ingredients
required in the various processes of the fabrication of
linen-cloth, have been established at Moyallen and at
Coose. At Banford is a flour-mill. The vicinity of the
canal, which skirts the parish on the west, and on which
are a wharf and stores about a mile from Gilford, con-
tributes to the increase of this prosperity, by affording
a vent for the manufactured articles throughout a large
extent of inland country both to the north and south,
and to the two great shipping ports of Belfast and
Newry. The parish is in the manor of Gilford, and
was subject to the jurisdiction of the court held there,
with the exception of two townlands which belong to
the manor of Bailonagalga ; but the manor is now
united to that of Rathfriland, and is within the juris-
diction of the court there. Petty-sessions are held in
Gilford, and two fairs annually. The seats are very
numerous ; among them are Gilford Castle, Fanny-
mount, Milltown, Banville, Hazelbank, Springvale, Law-
rencetown, Banford, Mount Pleasant, Tullylish House,
Stramore House, Moyallon, Gilford Villa, and Banvale.
At Lennaderg is a house built in l64.'j for the accom-
modation of the officers of the royal army, who were
stationed on the Bann water during the war of 1641 ; it
is still a handsome cottage, and the residence of Thos.
Weir, Esq., by whose ancestor it was erected.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Dromore. The rectory, till lately, partly formed a
portion of the union of Aghaderg and the corps of the
deanery of Dromore, the rectorial tithes of 15 townlands
being payable to the dean ; and was partly united with
the vicarage and in the patronage of the Bishop; the
incumbent receiving the rectorial tithes of the four re-
maining townlands, as well as the vicarial tithes of the
parish. The tithe rent-charge is £3/^2. 1., the whole
now payable to the incumbent. The glebe-house is
situated about a mile from the church, on a glebe of
40 acres, valued at £60 per annum : it was erected in
1*89 by aid of £100 from the late Board of First
Fruits ; offices were added in 1803 at an expense of
£120 British, and in 1808 £4'24 were further expended
in additions. The church, which is at Banford, on the
southern bank of the river, over which is an excellent
stone bridge, was built in 1698, upon one of the outer
defences of an ancient fort or field-work raised to de-
fend the pass of the river ; the former edifice had been
destroyed in 1641. A large circular aisle was added on
the north side, in 1827, by aid of a loan of £800 from
the Board of First Fruits, and at the same time a square
pinnacled tower : the church has recently been again
enlarged, to enable it to afford sufficient accommodation
for the increasing numbers of the congregation. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is the head of a
district, comprising this parish, Seapatrick (which in-
cludes the town of Banbridge), Magherally, and Donagh-
61?
cloney, in which union are two chapels, both of large
dimensions : one, near the bridge at Coose, was greatly
enlarged and improved in 1834 ; the other is on the
townland of Clare. Near the village of Hall's-Mills is
a place of worship for Presbyterians in connexion with
the General Assembly : in it is a handsome monument
to the memory of the Rev. Samuel Morell, who was
buried here. At Moyallen is a meeting-house of the
Society of Friends ; there are also places of worship for
a second body of Presbyterians and for Methodists.
The remains of several ancient forts are still to be
traced : the largest is that at Banford, on which the
church is built, and of which, though a road now passes
through it and the ramparts are nearly levelled, the
general outline can be distinctly traced. At Tullyhoa
are extensive ruins, supposed by some to be those of an
abbey.
TULLYNAKILL, a parish, in the union of New-
town-Ardes, barony of Castlereagh, county of
Down, and province of Ulster, 3 miles (S. S. E.) from
Comber ; on the western shore of Strangford lough,
and on the road from Downpatrick to Belfast; contain-
ing, with the village of Ardmillan, 1416 inhabitants.
It comprises 29'23;5: statute acres, including several
islands in the lake. The whole of the land is arable ;
of excellent quality, and under a highly improved system
of cultivation ; producing fine crops of grain, potatoes,
and turnips. Some large limestone-quarries, in which
fossil remains abound, are extensively worked ; the
stone resembles porphyry, and is conveyed both by
land and vvater to all parts of the surrounding country.
A manorial court with extensive jurisdiction and peculiar
privileges was formerly held here, but it has fallen into
disuse for many years. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Down, and in the patronage of the Bishop,
who is impropriator of the whole parish, which is
bishop's land ; the vicarial tithe rent-charge is £82. 7. 6.
The church, erected in 1825, at an expense of £830, a
gift from the late Board of First Fruits, is a very neat
edifice in the early English style. The ruins of the old
church, built, or according to some accounts rebuilt, in
1636, are still visible.
TULLYRATH.— See Tallerath.
TULLYRUSK, a parish, in the union of Lisburn,
barony of Upper Massereene, county of Antrim, and
province of Ulster, 3 miles (E.) from Glenavy, and on
the road from Lisburn to Antrim ; containing 1304
iniiabitants. It comprises 4779| statute acres, chiefly
under pasture ; the land in the lower part is tolerably
good, but the southern part includes much unimproved
and barren mountain : there are about 100 acres of
bog at the Brown moss. The climate, from the position
of the parish between Lough Neagh and Belfast lough,
is moist and chilly. The rivers Crumlin and Glenavy
flow to the cast and west. The weaving of linens and
cottons lor the Belfast market is carried on to some ex-
tent in the farmhouses. Tullyrusk is a vicarage, in
the diocese of Connor, forming part of the union of
Glenavy ; the rectory is impropriate in the Marquess
of Hertford, and the tithe rent-charge is £53. 6. 6., of
which £11. l6. are payable to the impropriator, and the
remainder to the vicar. In the registry of Connor this
parish is called a grange, and in the terrier and regal
visitation book a chapelry ; having been, probably, either
a bishop's mensal or a dependency of one of the great
T U L S
T U M O
monasteries. The church of Tullyrusk stood in the
townland of that name, near the verge of the parish ;
from the portions of its foundations still remaining, its
dimensions appear to have been 6'2 feet by I7. Adjoin-
ing it is a large and well-inclosed cemetery, in which the
Protestant dissenters and Roman Catholics chiefly bury.
Several raths and tumuli occur in various parts. The
crystals commonly called Lough Neagh pebbles are
found in great quantities on turning up the land by the
plough, although the lake whence they take their name
is three miles distant, and the elevation of the land
where they are found is many hundred feet above the
level of its surface.
TULLYVEUY, a village, in the parish of Killy-
LEAGii, union of Downpatrick, barony of Dufferin,
county of Down, and province of Ulster ; containing
75'2 inhabitants.
TULLYVIN.— See Killersherdiny.
TULSK, a post-town or village (formerly an incor-
porated market-town and parliamentary borough), in
the parish of Ogulla, union, barony, and county of
Roscommon, province of Connaught, 8 miles (N.)
from Roscommon, and 79|- (W. N. \V.) from Dublin ;
containing 133 inhabitants. O'Conor Roe erected a
castle here in 1406 ; and during the same century a
Dominican monastery was founded, either by Mac Duil
or O'Dowel, or by Phelim, son of Phelim Cleary
O'Conor, who was interred here in 1448. The castle
was for along time one of the strongest in the province,
and was garrisoned by the Earl of Kildare when he led
his forces into this province in 1499. The monastery
existed till the reign of Elizabeth ; but for some time
prior to the Dissolution its possessions had been usurped
by the corporation of Galway. A Dominican abbey
was founded at Toemonia, near the town, by O'Conor
Roe, and in the reign of Elizabeth was in the occu-
pation of Franciscans of the third order, on whose
suppression it was granted by the Queen to Richard
Kyndelinshe. The inhabitants were incorporated by
Charles II., in the fourteenth year of his reign, by the
designation of the " Portreeve, Free Burgesses, and
Commonalty of the Borough of Tulsk :" the charter also
conferred the elective franchise, with power to hold a
court of record and a weekly market. Under this
charter the corporation consisted of a portreeve, 15
free burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen,
assisted by two serjeants-at-mace and other officers
appointed in the usual manner. The portreeve and free
burgesses continued to return two members to the
Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough was
disfranchised. The court of record, which had juris-
diction to the amount of £5, has been long discon-
tinued ; the corporation has become extinct, and the
town has dwindled into an insignificant village consist-
ing only of a few straggling cottages and one shop.
Fairs are held on Easter-Monday and the first Monday
in November (O. S.). In the village is a receiving-house
for letters in connexion with Strokestown ; a consta-
bulary police force is stationed in it ; and petty-sessions
are held weekly. There are some remains of the ancient
abbey, situated in a large cemetery which is still used ;
the chief feature is a double-arched doorway divided
in the centre by a round pillar of elegant design and in
good preservation. The surrounding district is ex-
tremely rich, and afifords luxuriant pasturage.
613
TUMNA, or Toemonia, a parish, in the union of
Carrick-on-Shannon, barony of Boyle, county of
R0SC0M.MON, and province of Connaugut, I5 mile
(\V.) from Carrick-on-Shannon, on the road t(j Boyle,
and on the river Shannon; containing 4180 inhabitants.
This parish comprises 9188| statute acres, mostly good
laud, though there is much bog ; agriculture is generally
in a backward state : limestone and freestone abound.
There is a canal from Lough Allen to Carrick. to avoid
the shoals. A large portion of the parish is occupied
by the Coote Hall estate, the improved property of the
Barton family, presenting a great contrast to the sur-
rounding lauds. Some of the tenantry are engaged in
the woollen and cotton manufactures, such as coarse
flannels and as striped woollen and cotton stuffs used
for under garments. The Shannon bounds the parish
on the east, and on the shore is the small rising village
of Battlebridge at the end of a bridge on the road to
the village and county of Leitrim ; this bridge is of 6
arches, 150 feet in length and 13 in width. On the
south side of the parisb are the upper and lower Oak-
ford loughs, through which the Boyle water descends
into the Shannon. Near the banks of the Boyle stands
Old-Coote Hall (with a wretched dependent village),
formerly a place of strength, of which a northern round
tower with a conical roof forms an appendage to the
farmhouse into which the buildings have been con-
verted : the surrounding curtain walls include ruins of
various other old buildings. The gentlemen's scats
are, Hughestown, standing immediately on a large lake
formed by the Boyle water ; Woodbrook ; Lakeview ;
and Springfield, the parish is a vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Elphin, forming part of the union of Ardclare ;
the rectory is impropriate in Viscount Lorton, and the
tithe rent-charge is £105, half of which is payable to
the impropriator, and half to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the district of
Killuken, also called Crogban and Ballinameen, and
partly in that of Ardcarne or Crossna, and contains a
chapel : a school is maintained by the parish priest.
Remains of an ancient church exist, with a cemetery at-
tached ; and seven golden balls have been dug up near,
of the size of an egg, supposed to have belonged to the
church.
TUMORE, a parish, in the union of Boyle, barony
of Corran, county of Sligo, and province of Con-
naught, 5 miles (X. W.) from Boyle, on the road to
Ballymote ; containing 3319 inhabitants. It comprises
10,834 statute acres. The portion of the land which is
under cultivation, both in tillage and pasture, is of supe-
rior quality and makes a good return, but there is a
good deal of mountain and bog : limestone is abundant
for all purposes. The chief seats are Battlefield and
Mount Dodwell. The parish is a vicarage, in the dio-
cese of Achonry, forming part of the union of Emly-
fadd ; the rectory is impropriate in Sir Robert Gore
Booth, Bart., and the tithe rent-charge is £-^220. 14.,
of which £9'2. 14. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is the head of a district, called
Keash, which comprises this parish and that of Drum-
ratt : the chapel at Keash, in Tumore, is a large build-
ing in good repair. There is a place of worship belong-
ing to a Presbyterian congregation at Granamore. The
remains of an old church wifh a burial-ground are to be
TU O S
T YD A
seen at Tumore, and another ruin and inclosure of
similar character at Templevaney. The lofty hill of
Keash contains several remarkable caves, some of which
extend to a considerable length ; the entrance to the
largest is 30 feet high.
TUOGH— See Tough.
TUOSIST, or KiLMACALOGUE, a parish, in the poor-
law union of Kenmare, barony of Glanerolgh, county
of Kerry, and province of Monster, 1'2 miles (S. \V.)
from Kenmare, and on the bay of that name ; containing
7485 inhabitants. This parish is considered to be one
of the wildest and most irreclaimable districts in the
county. It is separated on the south-east from the
county of Cork by a range of lofty and almost impassable
mountains, and extends for about nine miles along the
southern shore of the great estuary or bay of Kenmare,
an inlet of which, called Ardgroom H'arbour, forms its
boundary on the south-west. A road is in progress
through the parish to Castletown-Berehaven, in the
county of Cork. The ancient castle of Ardea, now in
ruins, occupies a bold and romantic situation on a lofty
cliff overlooking the bay ; it was once the seat of the
O'Sullivans, some of whose descendants still exist in
this district. In 160'2 a Spanish ship landed supplies
of money and ammunition at this castle, which event
encouraged some of the native Irish to assemble in the
mountains ; but they were soon dispersed by Lord
Barry, Sir G. Thornton, and Sir C. Wilmot.
According to ancient computation the parish, which is
entirely the property of the Marquess of Lansdowue, com-
prises 97i gneeves (or 39,341 statute acres) consisting
chiefly of rocky mountain and bog ; in the hollows among
the mountains are several lakes, some of which are ex-
tremely picturesque, and near the bay is one of consi-
derable size called Lough Cloney. The principal resi-
dence is Deireen. There is a domestic manufacture of
coarse flannel, which is chiefly sold in the town of Ken-
mare ; and several of the inhabitants are occasionally
employed in the fishery of the bay : at Ardea is a good
salmon-fishery. The small bay or harbour of Kilmaca-
logue affords shelter for vessels of considerable size. Off
the coast, about three miles below the town of Ken-
mare, is a small island called Dinis, the property of H.
A. Herbert, Esq., of Muckross, on which is a cottage
with a neat plantation ; and immediately adjoining is a
fine oyster-bed. On this island are vestiges of a small
chapel, supposed to have formerly belonged to the
abbey of Muckross ; and it is traditionally stated that
an establishment existed here for supplying the monks
with oysters, the shells of which had accumulated to
such an extent that they were lately used as manure.
A considerable quantity of sea-weed is collected on its
shores, and used for the same purpose. The parish is
in the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and is a rectory,
forming part of the union of Kenmare : the tithe rent-
charge is £170 British, exclusive of £11. 10. late cur-
rency payable to the Archdeacon of Aghadoe. There is
a glebe of four acres ; and another of the same extent
belonging to the archdeacon. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms the head of a district, called
Lochurt, or Carks, comprising also a part of the parish
of Kenmare lying on the south side of the river, and
containing the chapels of Daurus and Deireen : at
Ardea is a house for the priest, built by the Marquess
of Lansdowne. The ruins of the church still exist in
614
the burial-ground, near the harbour of Kilmacalogue ;
and at Lochurt are the remains of a Druidical circle. lu
the vicinity of Ardea is situated the small Lough Quin-
lan, in which are to be seen some remarkable little float-
ing islands.
TURLOUGH, a parish, in the union of Castlebar,
barony of Carra, county of Mayo, and province of
Connaught, 3 miles (N. E.) from Castlebar, on the
road to Swinford ; containing 7430 inhabitants. This
parish is situated on a small river connecting Lough
Lanach with Lough Cullen, and comprises 24,,566|- sta-
tute acres, of which 2'249 are under water ; a large
tract is mountain and bog, and of the remainder the
greater portion is under tillage. The land is generally
of good quality, and the system of agriculture is im-
proving. Limestone abounds, and is extensively quar-
ried for agricultural purposes, and for building ; there
is also a quarry of very fine black marble. About half-
way between Castlebar and Ballina is a wild romantic
district, where Lough Conn and Lough Cullen unite by
a narrow sound, over which is a stone bridge of one
arch. Within this district called the Pontoon, the river
Deel and several smaller streams flow into Lough Conn,
which discharges its superfluous waters into Lough
Cullen, into which also flow several large streams.
When these tributary streams are swollen by mountain
torrents, the Moy, the only outlet, is insufficient to
carry off the redundant waters, which are forced back
into Lough Conn. The road here, winding round the
lake, presents a succession of highly picturesque and
romantic scenery ; on a rock overhanging the waters is
a rocking-stone nicely poised, and at the Pontoon bridge,
leading from this parish to that of Kilbelfad, Lord
Bingham has erected a very commodious inn. The
principal seats are, Turlough Park, finely situated in an
improved demesne ; and Ballyvilla. Here is a bleach-
green, in which ten men are constantly employed ; and
fairs are held on May 9th, June 13th, Aug. 24th, and
Dec. Sth.
The living is a rectory, vicarage, and perpetual curacy,
in the diocese of Tuam : the rectory and vicarage form
part of the union of Castlebar ; the perpetual curacy
comprises this parish and that of Kildecamogue, and is
in the patronage of the incumbent of Castlebar. The
tithe rent-charge is £1.5.5. 15.6.; and the stipend of
the curate is £100, of which £75 are paid by the in-
cumbent, and £'lo by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
from Primate Boulter's augmentatiou fund. The church
is a neat edifice in the later English style, and in good
repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
the head of a district, comprising also the parish of
Kildecamogue, and containing three chapels, two of
which are in this parish, situated respectively at Park
and Crumlin. There are places of worship for Presby-
terians in connexion with the General Assembly, and
Wesleyan Methodists. Some remains exist of an old
church, near which is one of the ancient round towers,
in an excellent state of preservation.
TUSCAR, county Wexford. — See Kilrane.
TWO-MILE-BURRIS.— See Burris-O-Leagh.
TYBROUGHNY.— See Tipperaghny.
TYDAVNET, a parish, in the union, barony, and
county of Monaghan, and province of Ulster, 3| miles
(N. N. \V.) from Monaghan, on the road by Brookborough
to Enniskillen; containing 11,645 inhabitants. This
T Y D A
parish, which is intersected by a rapid stream descending
from theSlievebaugh mountains, comprises '26,50^ statute
acres, whereof 163 are water. There is an extensive
tract of mountain and bog, the former of which, though
rough, is capable of being reclaimed ; and nineteen lakes
are included within the parish, of which one near Mount-
Louise and one near Slack's Grove are considerable.
The Slievebaugh mountains entirely inclose the parish
on the north and west ; on the former side is their
highest point, called Cairnmore, commanding a most
extensive and interesting prospect. Immediately around
this point is the only part of these mountains suscepti-
ble of improvement or embellishment, and here a pic-
turesque glen opens towards the low country. On the
north-east border of the parish is a very large tract of
bog ; and there are numerous smaller bogs, supplying
an abundance of fuel. The lands under cultivation vary
much in quality ; the principal crops are wheat, oats,
barley, and flax, of the last of which much is grown,
there being at Lemacallagh a mill for scutching it,
which is of great benefit to the neighbourhood. There
is but a small quantity of grass land, except what is in
demesne ; though portions of the mountains afford
rough pasture.
Near Cairnmore is a limestone-quarry, and on the
summit of the mountain an extensive quarry for mill-
stones ; the stone on the northern side is a soft whitish
freestone, and on the southern a hard reddish grit in-
terspersed with flint. At Scotstown is a depot for these
millstones, which, after being worked to their proper
form in the quarry, are suffered to roll down the moun-
tain ; on the north side, just below the rock, is a large,
deep, and stormy lake. On the townland of Knocko-
tally, good freestone for building is quarried for the
supply of the neighbourhood ; and the hills also abound
with potters'-clay. The principal scats are, Tullaghan,
the property of Sir George Forster, Bart. ; Gold ; Poplar
Vale ; Raconnel ; Mount-Louise ; Clenamully ; Slacks
Grove ; Newgrove ; Mullaghmore, greatly improved
and extensively planted by the proprietor ; and Carra-
chor. Fairs are held at Scotstown on the 17th of every
month, and in the village of Tydavnet on Jan. 19th,
March '2nd and 31st, June ^24th, and Sept. 2Sth ; and
there is a constabulary police force at each of those
places.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Clogher, and in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe
rent-charge is £498. 9. The glebe-house was built in
18-24, at an expense of £1581 British, of which £900
were a loan from the late Board of First Fruits, and the
remainder was defrayed by the then incumbent ; the
glebe comprises 40 acres, valued at £!nO per annum.
The church is a neat modern edifice, situated in the
village of Ballinode ; it was enlarged in 1830, at an ex-
pense of £471, defrayed by the parish, and the Ecelesi-
astial Commissioners lately granted £116 for its further
improvement. The Roman Catholic parish is co-exten-
sive with that of the Established Church ; there are two
chapels, one of which is near Scotstown. On the
eastern verge of the parish is a place of worship for
Presbyterians ; and there is another for Wesleyan Me-
thodists. A portion of this parish is attached to a per-
petual curacy in the parish of Aghalurcher, where a
church has been built from a grant by the late Board of
First Fruits.
615
T Y N A
TYFERNAN, or Tyfarnam, a parish, in the union
of MuLLiNGAU, barony of Coukaree, county of Wkst-
MEATH, and province of Leinster, oJ miles (N.) from
Mullingar, and on the road from Multifarnham to Cas-
tlepoUard ; containing 380 inhabitants. This parish is
situated between Loughs Dereveragh and Owhel, and
contains 1818| statute acres of arable and pasture land.
It is an impropriate cure, in the diocese of Meath,
forming part of the union of the perpetual cure of
Leney ; the rectory is impropriate, and the tithe rent-
charge is £'26. .5. The church has long been in ruins,
and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recommended
that this small parish be annexed to the adjoining pa-
rish of Portshangan. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is part of the district of Rathconnell, or
Turin.
TYHALLON, or Teholland, a parish, partly in
the barony of Cremorne, but chiefly in that of Mo.v-
aghan, union and county of Monaghan, and province
of Ulster, 2 miles (E. N. E.) from Monaghan ; on the
turnpike road to Armagh, and on a branch of the river
Blackwater ; containing 4G30 inhabitants. It com-
prises 5949^ statute acres of land (S23:J being within
the barony of Cremorne and 5126,: within that of Mon-
aghan), which is nearly all under tillage, there being
very little waste land, though to the east there is a
tract of bog. The line of the Ulster canal passes
through the parish from east to west. There are some
limestone-quarries, for building and other purposes ; and
the linen manufacture is carried on in private dwellings.
Here is a constabulary police station. The gentlemen's
seats are Bessmount Park, Droraore, Liscarney, Cool-
main, and Sallymount. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Clogher, being the corps of
a prebend in the cathedral of Clogher, and in the pa-
tronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is
£'26'2. 10. The glebe comprises 40 acres, valued at
£b0 per annum : the glebe-house, which is near the
church, was improved by the incumbent, in 1S'20, at an
expense of £370. The church is a plain structure,
built in 1788 at a cost of £'277, defrayed by parochial
assessment. The Roman Catholic parish is co-exten-
sive with that of the Established Church ; the chapel is
a spacious edifice, built in 18'27 at an expense of £1000.
The late Mr. Richardson bequeathed £100, the interest
of which continues to be divided among the poor.
TYMOLE, a parish, in the union of Navan, barony
of Skreen, county of Meath, and province of Lei.v-
STER, 6 miles (S.) from Slane ; on the road from Skreen
to Duleek, and on the Nanny- Water ; containing 7 1 in-
habitants ; and comprising 1033^ statute acres. It is
a vicarage, in the diocese of Meath, forming part of the
union of Duleek ; the rectory is impropriate in G. A.
Hamilton, of Balbriggan, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge
is £57. 15., of which £-24 are payable to the impro-
priator, and the remainder to the incumbent. The
glebe comprises 6 acres, valued at £20. 5. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the dis-
trict of Blacklion.
TYNAGII, a parish, partly in the barony of Long-
ford, but chiefly in that of Leitrim, union of Lovgh-
rea, county of Galway, and province of Conxaight,
7 miles (N. \V.) from Portumna, on the road to Loughrea ;
containing 5941 inhabitants, of whom 349 are in the
village, it comprises 12,520 statute acres : the land is
T Y N A
T Y N A
generally of very good quality, and in a state of profit-
able cultivation ; the system of agriculture is much
improved, and there is little waste land. A lead-mine
was formerly worked within a mile of this place ; a
great deal of lead-ore is still found in the neighbour-
hood. The principal seats are Pallas, Killeen, Flower
Hill, Spring Garden, Derrywilliam, and LisdufF. On
the river Ballyshinee are some mills, capable of pro-
ducing more than 30,000 barrels of flour annually.
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Clonfert ; the rectory is partly appropriate to the see,
partly to the prebendary of Kilmeen in the cathedral
of Tuam, partly to the vicars-choral of Christ Church,
Dublin, and partly annexed to the vicarage, which was
episcopally united in 1735 to the rectory and vicarage
of Doneira, and is in the patronage of the Marquess of
Clanricarde. The tithe rent-charge of the parish is
£1S5. 15. 6., of which £24. 19. 6. are payable to the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners (as part of the temporali-
ties of the see), £10. 8. to the prebendary, £1. S. to the
vicars-choral, and the remainder to the vicar. The
glebe-house, situated in the parish of Doneira, is a
neat building, towards the erection of which the late
Board of First Fruits contributed £300 and a loan of
£500 in 1S14; the glebe of the union comprises 91
acres, of which 12 are in this parish, the whole valued
at £81. 9. I)er annum. The gross value of the benefice,
including tithe and glebe, amounted, before the passing
of the Rent-charge act, to £358. 7. The church is a
small plain edifice, erected in 1702. In the Roman
Catholic divisions this is a separate parish, and gene-
rally appertains to the bishop of the diocese, who ap-
points a curate to perform the duty ; the chapel is a
\ery handsome edifice. At Pallas, anciently called
Kaltnigh-ni-Pallice, are the ruins of an ancient and
strong castle; and there was formerly a friary, dedi-
cated to the Blessed Virgin, founded by Birmingham,
Baron of Athenry, for Carmelite or White friars, and
which was granted by Queen Elizabeth to John Raw-
son.
TYNAN, a post-town and parish, partly in the
barony of Armagh, but chiefly in that of Turaney,
union and county of Armagh, and province of Ulster,
6i miles (W. by S.) from Armagh, and 72 (N. by W.)
irom Dublin, on the road from Armagh to Monaghan ;
containing, with the town of Middleton and the village
of Killylea (both separately described), 11,392 inhabit-
ants, of whom 177 are in the town or village of Tynan.
This was formerly a parish of great extent and import-
ance : it is noticed in Pope Nicholas's Taxation in 1291
as belonging to the Cohdei or Culdees of Armagh, who
are said to have retained possession for some time after
the Reformation. It was united with Derrynoose in
the 14th and 15th of Charles II.; but the union was
severed by an act of the Sth of Anne, c. 13, and lately
the district parishes of Killylea and Middleton have
been ecclesiastically separated from it. The parish
contains 17,646 statute acres, whereof 80| are under
water, being the small lakes of Portnelligan, Houslough,
and Kiltubrit, which discharge their superfluous waters
into Glaslough, in the county of Monaghan : this area
includes the two new districts. The soil is generally a
rich loam of considerable depth : tillage is carried on to
a great extent, and under an excellent system ; flax of
the best quality is grown in very large quantities. There
616
is no waste land ; bogs were numerous, but they are
now mostly cut out or reclaimed : there are several
quarries of limestone and freestone. Though the coal
formation extends over a considerable district, little
advantage has been derived from it, as the veins hitherto
discovered are too thin to be worked with profit. Here
was formerly an extensive forest, known by the name
of the Bondville wood, consisting chiefly of oak, ash,
and fir, and extending over several hundred acres ; but
it was all cut away during a period in which the estate
was under litigation. At Doogary and at Belteagh are
large flour-mills. The Ulster canal, connecting Loughs
Neagh and Erne, passes through the parish.
The town, situated on an eminence, contains 33
houses ; it has a dispensary, and petty-sessions are held
in it every second Saturday, and at Middleton on the
alternate Saturdays. The lands of the parish are divided
among several proprietors in fee. Ten townlands be-
long to the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College,
Dublin ; eight to the trustees of Bishop Sterne's chari-
ties ; and the remainder to Lord Gosford, Lord Cale-
don. Sir James Stronge, Bart., and several others. The
circumstance of a great number of resident gentlemen
spending their incomes in the improvement of their pro-
perty and in the diffusion of comfort and useful inform-
ation throughout the district, has tended much to the
prosperity of all classes, the existence of which is appa-
rent in the highly improved culture of the land, the
exterior of the farmhouses and cottages, and the general
appearance and demeanour of the population. The
most remarkable seats are, Tynan Abbey, the residence
of Sir J. M. Stronge, who is proprietor of the village ;
Woodpark, of the St. George family ; Fellows Hall ;
Mount Irwin, of the Irwins ; Darton ; Portnelligan ;
Ashford ; Bondville ; and Chantilly glebe.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Armagh, being the corps of the prebend of Tynan
in the cathedral of Armagh, and in the patronage of the
Lord Primate. The tithe rent-charge is £600, out of
which the curates of Killylea and Middleton are partly
paid : the townland of Cortaynan, comprising 564 acres,
is tithe free. The incumbent of Tynan has the appoint-
ment of the curate of Middleton, and every third turn
of that of the curate of Killylea. The glebe-house was
built in 1777 at an expense of £UOS British, and has
been since improved at a cost of £1442 : the glebe con-
tains 217(7. 3r. 6/5., statute measure, \alued at £190. 12. ;
the incumbent holding 58 acres in his own hands, and
the remainder being let to tenants. The church, situated
in the village of Tynan, two miles from the church of
Middleton and one and a half from that of Killylea,
was built in 1/84, and considerably enlarged in 1822
by the addition of a north and south transept and a
chancel, by which it was made a commodious cruciform
edifice, at an expense of £646, a loan from the late
Board of First Fruits. In the Roman Cathohc arrange-
ments the parish is divided into the Upper and Lower
parishes, each having a chapel, one in the village of
Tynan, and the other at Ashford, near Middleton : the
former, erected in 1810 at an expense of £1800, has a
very fine altar; the latter, built in 1828 at an expense
of £1250, and to which two galleries were added in
1834 at a further expense of £.300, has also an altar of
very superior workmanship, which cost £100. At Lis-
dooney is a place of worship for Presbyterians in con-.
TYRE
nexion with the General Assembly, and there are others
at Drumhillary [and Middleton : they are all neat and
lommodious buildings. A considerable tract of land,
comprising 1312 acres, and of which a part is in the
county of Monaghan, was bequeathed by Dr. Sterne,
Bishop of Clogher, for supporting hospitals and schools,
and for other charitable purposes ; the management of
this charity was vested in trustees by act of parliament
in 177''. The remains of an ancient and highly orna-
mented stone cross, which originally stood in the church-
yard but was thrown down and defaced by Cromwell's
soldiers, have been built into the wall of the churchyard
for their better preservation.
TYRELLA, a parish, in the union of Downpatrick,
barony of Legale, county of Down, and province of
Ulster, 4 miles (S. S. E.) from Clough, and 6 (s. \V.)
from Downpatrick ; containing 1079 inhabitants. This
parish is situated on the bay of Dundrum, by which it
is bounded on the south ; and comprises 1999^ statute
acres, the whole of which, with the exception of a few
acres of sand-hills along the shore, is land of good
quality and in a state of profitable cultivation. The
system of agriculture is improved ; and the crops of
wheat, barley, oats, flax, and potatoes, are abundant,
the lands being much enriched by the facility of obtain-
ing sea sand and weed for manure. Tyrella House, the
handsome residence of the Montgomery family, is
beautifully situated in a richly planted demesne of 300
acres, commanding extensive views over the bay, with
the noble range of the Morne mountains in the back-
ground, and containing within its limits the parish
church. Off the coast is a rocky shoal extending one
mile from the shore, at the extremity of which is a rock
called the Cow and Calf, seldom covered by the sea.
The parish is a rectory, in the diocese of Down, till
lately forming part of the union and corps of the deanery
of Down: the tithe rent-charge is £1'23. 1'2. After
the separation of the rectory from the deanery, in 1S39,
a handsome church of cut granite was erected on the
site of the old edifice ; it was opened for divine service
in September, 1S4'2. In the Roman Catholic divisions
the parish is the head of a district, comprising also the
parish of Ballykinlar and part of Loughinisland ; there
are chapels at Ballykinlar and Drumaroda. In the
demesne of Tyrella House, and near the church, a cave
was discovered in 1S32, artificially constructed of un-
cemented stones, and covered with flagstones, above
which the earth is thickly heaped ; it is 43 yards long,
2^ feet wide, and about .5 feet high, dividing into three
chambers, 60, 45, and 24 feet in length respectively,
the last extending its width to six feet.
TYRENASCRAGH, a parish, in the union of Bal-
LiNROBE, barony of Longford, county of Galway,
and province of Connaught, 3^ miles (N. N. E.) from
Portumna, on the road to Eyrecourt ; containing 1U8
inhabitants. This parish, which is pleasantly situated
on the river Shannon, comprises 36'29 statute acres :
about one-half of the land is arable, and in a profitable
state of cultivation ; the system of agriculture is im-
proving, and there is a large tract of bog. The prin-
cipal seats are Longford Lodge, Longford Castle, and
Ormondview.' The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Clonfert, forming part of the union of Dononoughta ;
the rectory is appropriate partly to the see and partly
to the deanery. The tithe rent-charge is £53. C, of
Vol. II.— 617
T Y R O
which £25. 12. are payable to the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners (as part of the temporalities of the see),
£3. 9. 6. to the dean, and the remainder to the vicar.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the district of Killimore j the chapel is a new slated
building.
TYRONE (County of), an inland county of the pro-
vince of Ulster, bounded on the east by the county of
Armagh and by Lough Neagh, on the north by the
county of Londonderry, on the west by the counties of
Donegal and Fermanagh, and on the south by those of
Fermanagh and Monaghan. It extends from 53° 59' to
54° 37' (N. Lat.), and from 6° 2S' to 7° 50' (W. Lon.) ;
comprising an area, according to the Ordnance survey,
of 806,640 st<itute acres, of which 450,2S6 are arable,
31 l,,s67 uncultivated, 11,981 in plantations, 7 10 under
towns and villages, and the remainder water. The
population in 1821, amounted to 261,865; in 1831, to
302,943 ; and in 1S41, to 312,956.
In the time of Ptolemy it was probably inhabited by
the Scoti, which tribe extended itself over most of the
inland regions ; though some writers place the Erdini
here, as well as in the neighbouring maritime county of
Donegal. It was afterwards known as the district or
kingdom of Cbieal Eoghain, frequently called Tijr-Oen,
whence its present name of Tyrone is derived : a portion
of its southern border embraces the northern parts of
the ancient district of Orgial or Uriel. According to
Camden it was divided into Upper and Lower, or North
and South, Tyrone, by the Slieve-Gallion mountain; but
as this range is now wholly included within London-
derry, it is probable that the name of Tyrone then ex-
tended to the greater part of that county also. This
district was from the earliest period of the Irish annals
the chief seat of the power of the O'Nials, the princes or
kings of the country, who traced their origin from Nial
of the Nine Hostages, and several of whom obtained the
sovereignty over the whole island. In the tenth century,
Hugh O'Nial, lord or chief of Tyr-Oen, was solicited by
Malachy, King of Ireland, to assist him against Brian
Boroimhe, then claiming the rank of king of Ireland ;
and was offered a large portion of Meath as the reward
of his acquiescence. O'Nial of Tyrone was one of the
chiefs in Roderic O'Conor's army in his unsuccessful
attempt to drive the English out of Dublin: in 1177,
his death is recorded, under the title of King of Tyrone.
On the second arrival of King John in Ireland, O'Nial,
who had been a formidable opponent to De Courcy
during his invasion of Ulster, was prevailed on to give
personal attendance on the king, but not until two
hostages had been sent for the security of his person.
Henry HI., in a letter to the Irish subordinate princes
who had done homage to the English sovereign, stvles
him O'SVl regi de Khietum sii-e Tir-Oeii. The O'Nial
family was also one of the five Irish septs which were
specially entitled to the enjoyment of English rights
and privileges. On the first arrival of Richard II. in
Ireland, O'Nial met him in Drogheda, being the first of
four native princes who waited on that king. During
this period, and for many years after, this territory, of
which Tyrone was the principal part and the usual seat
of the ruling prince's residence, was untouched by the
English ; while, on the contrary, their borders were
exposed to his predatory incursions. O'Nial was one
of the adherents of Edward Bruce in his attempt to
4 K
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TYRO
conquer Ireland. In 1333, on the assassination of the
Earl of Ulster at Carrickfergus by his own servants,
O'Nial crossed the Bann, and seized part of the
counties of Down and Antrim, which he parcelled out
into the districts of the Upper and Lower Claneboy ;
and these continued subject to the family till the reign
of James I.
In the reign of Henry VIII., Hugh Baccagh, or the
Lame, invaded Meath, but was afterwards induced
to submit to that monarch, by whom he was honoured
with a collar of gold ; and though he had supported
the Kildare family during its rebellion, he was not
only pardoned, but had the title of Earl of Tyrone
conferred on him, with remainder to his illegitimate
son Matthew. On his death, however, his legitimate
son John, better known by the name of Shane O'Nial,
assumed the family title, and seized on the inheritance,
claiming the sovereignty of the province, and arrogating
the supremacy over all the subordinate clans. This
chief, after maintaining a desultory warfare against the
English government, was assassinated by Ale.xander Oge
M'Connell or M'Donnell, the leader of the Scots in Uls-
ter, to whom he had had recourse for protection when
unable to give effectual resistance to the English. The
title was claimed after his death by Tirlogh Leinagh
O'Nial, a nephew of the first Earl of Tyrone ; but being
advanced in years and of a peaceable disposition, he
suffered it to be wrested from him by Hugh, the son of
Matthew O'Nial, who, after performing some services to
the English in the war against Desmond, was admitted
to the title and rank of Earl of Tyrone and to the estate
of his ancestors, in virtue of the grant made to his grand-
father ; a fort on the Blackwater being the only place
excepted from his jurisdiction.
Hugh afterwards became one of the bitterest and most
formidable enemies of the English. In consequence of
alleged grievances, he raised forces, and suddenly seized
on the above-named fort, which was the key of his terri-
tory on that side ; but being hard pressed by Sir John
Norris, he evacuated that position, burnt the town of
Dungannon and the neighbouring villages, together with
the greater part of his own fortress there, and endeavoured
to preserve his life by concealment. Afterwards, being
buoyed up with promises of succours from Spain, he
joined a league of all the northern chieftains against the
English. In 1.597, the whole of Ulster, except the castles
along the coast, was in the possession of O'Nial or his
i^dherents ; and in an attempt made to relieve the fort of
the Blackwater, then severely pressed by O'Nial's army,
Sir Henry Bagnall, marshal of the English, his invete-
rate enemy, was utterly routed and slain. After having
baffled the celebrated and unfortunate Earl of Essex by a
succession of affected submissions and unexpected hosti-
lities, and having joined in the expedition to Munster to
aid the Spaniards at Kinsale, he was invaded in turn
by the royal forces under Lord Mountjoy, who, by
seizing on the passes, and erecting forts at Charlemont,
Mountjoy, and other important positions, reduced him
to such extremities that he surrendered at Mellifont, and
attended Mountjoy to Dublin, where it was proposed
to send him to the Queen. Her death changed his desti-
nation for that time ; but in the beginning of the ensu-
ing reign, being suspected of an attempt to excite a new
insurrection at Ulster, he fled to Spain ; and his princely
property, being consequently confiscated, was parcelled
61S
out into six counties, which were modelled, divided,
and planted with English settlers, under special instruc-
tions from the king.
According to the rules of James's settlement, the
whole county, which was estimated to contain 1571
balliboes, or 98,187 acres, being at the rate of 1000
acres to 16 balliboes, was divided into 78 portions, which,
after deducting a portion for the church and some lands
for Trinity College, Dublin, were granted to English and
Irish undertakers, that is, settlers, who engaged to build,
fortify, and stock the lands with British tenantry. Five
borough towns, Dungannon, Clogher, Omagh, Strabane,
and Mountjoy, were allowed a certain portion of the
surrounding grounds ; and another portion of the
county was assigned to some of the members of the
O'Nial family. The Irish were distributed as tenants
among the undertakers, the swordsmen excepted, who
were to be removed to the waste parts of Connaught
or Munster, where they were to be dispersed and not
suffered to settle together in one place. On an inspec-
tion of the progress of the plantation, made by Captain
Pynnar under the king's direction in 1618, it appeared
that the county was divided into the five precincts of
Strabane, Omy, Clogher, Mountjoy, and Dungannon.
The first of these, Strabane, had been allotted to
Scotch undertakers, of whom those then in possession
of the lands granted to the original patentees were the
Earl of Abercorn, Sir George Hamilton, Sir William
Stewart, Sir Robert Newcomen, and Sir John Drum-
mond. Omy, allotted to English undertakers, was in
the possession of the Earl of Castlehaven and Sir John
Davies ; Clogher, also allotted to EngUsh undertakers,
was held by Lord Ridgwaie, George Ridgwaie, Sir Ge-
rard Lowther, Lord Burleigh, John Leigh, Sir William
Stewart, Sir William Cope, and William Parsons.
Mountjoy, allotted to Scotch undertakers, was held
by Sir Robert Heyburne, Lord Vehiltree, Captain
Sanderson, Mrs. Lindsey, Alex. Richardson, Andrew
Stewart (son to Lord Vehiltree), and David Kenedaie.
Dungannon, allotted to servitors and natives, was held
by Lord Chichester, Lord Ridgwaie, Sir Toby Caulfield,
William Parsons, Sir Francis Ansley, Lord Wiiigfield,
and Tirlagh O'Nial. The only towns in the erection of
which any progress had been made were Strabane and
Augher. The county continued to improve during the
reign of James I. and in the commencement of that of
Charles I., but suffered greatly during the war of 1641,
at the termination of which, much of the land fell into
the hands of new proprietors ; and in the subsequent war
of 1688 Tyrone was the scene of many military events
connected with the siege of Londonderry.
The county is partly in the diocese of Clogher, partly
in that of Armagh, but chiefly in that of Derry. For
purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided into the
baronies of Clogher, Dungannon, Strabane, and Omagh.
It contains the borough and market town of Dungannon ;
the assize and market town of Omagh ; the disfran-
chised boroughs and market and post towns of Strabane
and Clogher ; the disfranchised borough and market
town of Augher; the market and post towns of Cooks-
town, Stewartstown, Newtown-Stewart, Aughnacloy,
Caledon, Ballygawley, Castlederg, and Moy ; the market
towns of Drumquin, Beregh, and TriUick ; and the post-
towus of Fintona, Fivemile-town, Dunamanagh, and
Coal-Island. The principal villages are Claudy, Coagh,
TYRO
T Y K ()
Dromore, Gartin, Pomeroy, Six-mile-cross (each of
which has a sub-post), Killcter, Newmills, Termonma-
puirk, and Tullyhoge. It SL-nt ten members to the
Irish parliament; two for the county, and two each for
the boroughs of Diingannon, Strabane, Augher, and
Cloglicr. Since the Union its representatives in the
Imperial parliament have been two for the county, and
one for the borough of Dungannon : the election for the
county is held at Omagh. Tyrone is included in the
North-west circuit. The assizes are held at Omagh,
where the county gaol and court-house are situated :
general sessions of the peace are held alternately at
Omagh and Strabane, for the Omagh district, which
comprises the baronies of the same name ; those for the
district of Dungannon, which comprises the baronies of
Dungannon and Clogher alternately. The local govern-
ment is vested in a lieutenant, 13 deputy-lieutenants,
and 106 other magistrates, together with the usual
county officers, including two coroners. There are 29
constabulary police stations. The district lunatic asy-
lum is in the city of Londonderry, the county infirmary
at Omagh, the fever hospital at Strabane ; and there are
dispensaries at Termonmaguirk, Stewartstown, Augher,
Clogher, Castlederg, Caledon, Dungannon, Newtown-
Stewart, Strabane, Dunamanagh, Drumquin, Fintona,
Coagh, Dromore, Trillick, Omagh, Gortin, Ballygawley,
and Cookstown, supported by equal grand jury present-
ments and private subscription. The total grand jury
presentments for 1844 were £35, .5/8. In the military
arrangements the county is in the Belfast district.
The SURFACE is diversified by a continued variety of
hill and dale, and rises into elevated mountain tracts in
the north and west, known by the general name of the
Munterlowny mountains : the most elevated is Saicell,
part of which is in the county of Londonderry, 2'235
feet high; the next is MiilUtghcarn, 1778 feet. Bessy
Bell and Mary Grey are the fanciful names of two moun-
tains detached from this range, and standing promi-
nently on each side of the river Mourne. The former is
said to derive its name from Baal or Bel, whose religious
rights called Baase were performed on its summit;
hence the expression Baase Bell, which by a natural cor-
ruption has been moulded into its present popular ap-
pellation : the origin of the name of the other has not
been ascertained. To the west of the barony of Dun-
gannon are the mountains of Biilli/<^'(twlf-y, and still
further south-west are those of Morley or Murley , both
so high as to preclude the possibility of cultivation,
though not so lofty as the northern range. The less
elevated districts present many views of rich tranquil
scenery : the mountainous parts, particularly near the
courses of the numerous rivers and streams, abound with
romantic prospects. The central part of the county from
Omagh to Ballygawley is mostly a dreary expanse of
bog and heath. The Lakes are few and small ; in the
demesne of Baronscouit are three, one of which has
an artificial islet clothed with timber, called M'^Hugh's
Island, from a chieftain of that name who constructed
it and erected a fortress on it. Not far from Barons-
court is Lough Creevy ; Lough Frae or Fry is in Lissan
parish. There are others, small, but interesting for their
scenery, near Pomeroy, Donoughmore, Fairlough, and
Dunamanagh ; the border of one in the demesne of
Pomeroy presents an exact miniature resemblance of
the outline of Ireland.
619
Tlie climate is very variable. The prevalence of
westerly winds occasions a constant humidity of the at-
mosphere, which is a frequent cause of rheumatism and
paralysis ; but the county is improving greatly in this
respect ; disease is much more uncommon than it was
formerly, and those who are well fed and dothed are
as free from sickness as the similar class in any other
part of the country. In the mountain districts to the
north, the soil is cold and shallow, seldom exceeding
six inches in depth : in some parts the subsoil is a
tenacious clay, rendering the surface wet and spongy ;
in others it is a compact bog, equally tenacious of
moisture, and therefore equally injurious by retaining
the surface water. Yet even amidst the elevated cold
and moory districts in the north and west, some spots
of excellent land appear, well cultivated and highly
productive. At Strabane the lands are of a dry and
fertile description, and also in a high state of cultiva-
tion ; near Urney are some meadow lands of the richest
quality. The eastern parts are a deep alluvial soil
based upon limestone, adequate also to produce excel-
lent crops. The vale of the Blackwater is exceedingly
picturesque, and also of the greatest fertility.
Agriculture has made rapid advances of late years,
particularly in the eastern districts, where crops of
every kind are raised of the best quality. The culture
of wheat is universal, except in the mountainous parts :
the farmers are peculiarly skilful in the management of
flax and potatoes. The lands in the more fertile dis-
tricts are much subdivided, the general size of farms
varying from 5 to 50 acres ; the fields are judiciously
laid out. The fences are generally of whitethorn, except
in the hilly country, where they are mostly of dry stone,
sometimes 8 feet broad at the bottom, very carelessly
built, and much neglected : where stones are scarce,
walls built of sods, and often topped with furze, are
used. Draining and irrigation form part of the general
system in many parts, but the water is not good for
irrigation. The improvements in the agricultural imple-
ments and carriages have kept pace with those in tillage.
Spade cultivation is not so prevalent here as in the hilly
districts of other counties. An implement called a
" skroghoge," for cutting scraws or sods, is peculiar to
this part of the country : it is in the form of a large
spade, with a blade ten inches both in length and
breadth, and a handle about four feet and a half long.
The sods used in the covering of houses, to lay be-
tween the wattles and the thatch, are cut with it
about two feet broad and from an inch to two inches
thick ; the length is determined by that of the slope of
the roof: when cut, they are rolled upon a stick like a
roll of parchment, and thus carried to the place on
which they are to be laid. The mode formerly general
here of allowing land to rest for a few years, to recover
itself naturally, w ithout the assistance of clover or hay-
seeds, prevented the pastures from being of a rich qua-
lity ; but it is no longer practised, except by the poorest
class of farmers. A pernicious custom exists in many
parts of turning the cattle into the potato-grounds
before the stalks are withered, thus checking the
growth of the bulb and injuring the land. Red and
white clover are the most common kind of artificial
grasses.
The native cattle are mostly reared on the moun-
tains ; they are of various colours and shapes, but gene-
' 4 K«
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rally small, as heavy stock could not subsist on the
scanty vegetation produced there, being principally
heath and a coarse kind of sedge-grass which springs
lip immediately after burning the heath, a common
practice in many parts. In no other county in Ireland
has there been a greater improvement in the breed of
cattle than in the low country of Tyrone. Some of the
best description in England and Scotland have been
brought over, and the numerous crosses thus produced
have occasioned a great variety of stock, which appears
necessary to suit the various soils. In the valley of the
Blackwater and some other similar districts, the Dur-
ham breed thrives remarkably well, and in many parts
a judicious cross with the Kerry cow has been intro-
duced to great advantage. Though there are few exten-
sive dairy-farms, butter is made in large quantities, and
some cheese ; the butter is usually salted, and made up
in firkins for the Scotch market. The native horse,
though ill-shaped, is hardy, and well suited to agricul-
tural purposes ; a superior description, for the road or
field sports, is brought in from other counties : the great
mart for the purchase of good horses is the fair of Moy ;
yet some very fine horses are now reared in the county
from British sires. The native sheep are small and ill-
shaped, and very inferior both as to fleece and carcass :
these are confined to the mountainous districts ; in the
fertile parts the breed is good ; but, strictly speaking,
Tyrone is not a sheep-feeding county. The vicinity of
Strabane is the only part in which pigs are kept in great
numbers ; and little improvement has taken place in
this kind of stock.
The county exhibits some very striking geological
features. The red sandstone formation embraces a con-
siderable portion of its southern and eastern parts, while
the greater part of the north and west belongs to the
clay-slate formation. In both districts are considerable
exceptions. The clay-slate is intersected by a vein of
micaceous limestone, which first appears in the bed of
the river Poe ; thence passing near Newtown-Stewart
and crossing the Munterlowny mountains, it terminates
near the village of Dunamanagh, in the northern extre-
mity of the county. Detached portions of limestone,
similar to that of the great central field of Ireland, are
to be met with in many parts : white limestone, con-
taining numerous nodules of flint, like that of Antrim,
is found near Coagh. Near Cookstown is a species dis-
similar to all the others, and containing a great variety
of organic remains ; the vein extends southwards to
Stewartstown, and is disposed in strata varying from
five inches to four feet in thickness. But the most
remarkable geological feature of the county is its co.\l
f(jrmafion, in which, though the field is of small extent
as compared with those in the south and west of Ireland,
it surpasses them in the thickness of the seams and
quality of the mineral. The district around this coal
field contains rocks of every class, from the most ancient
of the primary to the latest of the secondary or alluvial
formations. In the Coal-Island works the coal rests
on fire-clay, in Drumglass on soft porous sandstone,
and in Annahoe on blue clunch ; but as the country in
which the collieries are situated is covered with alluvial
soil to the depth of from '20 to 30 feet, it is often diffi-
cult to trace the various beds. In its external aspect,
the coal district is in general similar to that composed
of sandstone ; the surface exhibiting an assemblage of
620 ^ ^
low hills with steep acclivities and flattened summits,
rarely exceeding 100 feet in height : when higher, their
upper part is generally composed either of new red sand-
stone or of trap.
The Coal-Island district is 8 miles long by an average
breadth of 2^ miles, and therefore comprehends an area
of several thousand acres ; the Annahoe district is little
more than a mile long by half a mile in breadth, and
may therefore contain about 500 acres. Both districts
contain sandstone, sandstone-slate, shale, argillaceous
iron-stone, and fire-clay. The composition and externa]
character both of the coal and of its accompanying
strata are nearly similar in the two divisions ; it burns
rapidly, giving out a bright blaze and intense heat, like
that of Ayrshire. The shale, called by the miners metal,
varies in colour from light blueish white to black, is
extremely soft, and decomposes rapidly on exposure to
the atmosphere ; it sometimes contains impressions of
ferns, myrtle, and gigantic reeds. An uncommon
species of clay-stone, extremely compact, and difficult
to break, occurs interstratified with the shale. Argilla-
ceous iron-stone is not abundant ; when found, impres-
sions of a large species of fern are frequently detected
in the interior. The fire-clay which lies immediately
beneath the bed of coal, is so soft as to form a pulpy
mass on the admixture of the slightest moisture ; and
by allowing the pillars of coal which support the roof
to sink into it, the clay immediately swells, and would
close the workings were not precautions adopted.
This clay makes fire-bricks equal to those of Stour-
bridge.
Great irregularity prevails in the direction and incli-
nation of the coal strata : the main dip in the southern
extremity is north-east ; in the northern, south-west ;
but it is frequently altered by wavings or undulations,
which are generally north and south. Besides these
undulations, which throw the strata into confusion, the
continuity of the beds is often broken by slips or faults.
The average angle of the strata with the horizon is
about 1 1° 30', or one foot of fall for five of length, but
in many places it increases to 50° : the difficulty of
clearing off the water is much increased by this increase
of angle. The quantity of coal capable of being pro-
duced from the Coal-Island district may be estimated
from the fact that, in the immediate vicinity of the
village, are seven workable beds of coal, amounting, in
the aggregate, to 34 feet of coal in a depth of 244
yards : no instance occurs in the great mining districts
of England of an equal number of beds so near each
other.
From the sulphureous and ferruginous appearance of
the water in many places, it is evident that large quan-
tities of Iron Ore are deposited here. Claij, of various
colours, for making bricks, may be procured in all parts
of the county. Good flooring and ridge tiles, garden-
pots, and coarse earthenware are made in the neigh-
bourhood of Moy and Killyman. Excellent pottery is
manufactured near Coal-Island : the clay, which is of a
muddy white before it is baked, is also made up into
small oblong wedges of about a pound each, and sold as
a substitute for fuUers'-earth, for which purpose it is
sent to all parts, bringing back a profitable return. A
line of Escitrs proceeds from Killyman, by Dungannon,
Ballygawley, and Clogher, to Five-mile-town, where it
enters the county of Fermanagh. Those in this county
T Y II O
TYRO
are formed of uodulcs of basalt, greenstone, porphyry,
limestone, chalcedony, jasper, and agate : a branch of
them near Fintona is almost exclusively formed of
chalcedony, jasper, agates, and quartz. At Killeshill
and Newtown-Saville, the formation of the escars is as
regular as if they had been artificially arranged. In the
sandstone formation in Killyman, Fossil Fishes of several
species are found, among which the trout and pike can
be distinctly recognised : on raising the stone from the
quarry, the fish is found imbedded in it, one side of it
being raised in high relief, and the concave impress in
the lower stone e.xhibiting the marks of the gills, eyes,
and scales, with the utmost accuracy.
The linen manufacture has long been the staple of
the county ; and though it has declined considerably,
large quantities are annually manufactured and bleached,
principally for the English market. Bleach-greens were
numerous in every part, but nearly two-thirds of them
are unemployed, or converted to other purposes : the
linens are all carried in a brown state to the towns of
Oraagh, Dunganuou, Cookstown, Ballygawley, Fintona,
and Strabane, and sold in the markets there. The wool
of the county, and all that is brought into it, is made
up into cloth, blankets, and druggets. The farmers,
who are in general linen-weavers, consume the greater
part of the cloth and blankets ; the druggets are worn
by the poorer class of women : the cloth is generally
yard wide, and of very good quality. The people are
all expert at dyeing for domestic purposes ; they dye
various colours, but blue is the favourite. Druggets
of two parts wool and one linen are much esteemed.
An economical practice of the wool-spinners is worthy
of notice : the root of the common fern is replete during
summer with an oily glutinous substance, an excellent
substitute for oil or butter ; and as wool cannot be
manufactured without the aid of some substance of this
nature, a pound of wool requiring a quarter of a pound
of butter, the common people supply the want of it by
cutting the fern root into small pieces, bruising it in a
mortar, and pressing out the juice through a cloth.
Spades, shovels, and other farming implements, cruci-
bles and other chymical vessels, and fire-bricks, are
manufactured very extensively at Coal-Island. Tanning
is carried on in several places, as is also the manufacture
of tobacco, soap, and candles. There is a good ale
brewery at Donuugbmore ; distilleries are worked in
various parts, large flour-mills at Caledon and Coal-
Island, plating-mills at Leckpatrick, Fintona, and New-
mills, and scutch-mills in most parts.
The county is copiously watered by the numerous
branches of the Foyle which, under the names of the
Munterlony, the Voe, the Monrne, the Carnouii, the
Owenkellow , and the Oweiireagli, rise in the mountainous
central districts : the Derg joins the Mourue from a
lough of its own name ; the Dennet empties itself into
the Foyle near the northern boundary of the county.
The Foyle, which forms part of the western boundary, is
navigable to St. Johnstown, and thence by an artificial
navigation between three and four miles farther up to
Strabane. The Ballinderry river forms part of the north-
eastern boundary. The Blackunter, which forms part
of the southern boundary, and discharges itself iuto
Lough Neagh, is navigable to Moy and Blackwatertown :
near the mouth of this river a canal proceeds from the
lake to Coal-Island, and more than half a century since
en
was partially opened above Newmills, but this latter
part of the undertaking was abandoned before the canal
was completed. The beauty of the scenery in several
parts is much enhanced by Woods and I'lanlalious.
Large tracts of land near Baron's Court, and Rash or
Mountjoy forest, have been planted since 179."j. Near
Augher and Favour- Royal are considerable natural
woods ; and throughout the greater part of the county
the soil appears disposed to throw up a spontaneous
growth of timber ; but in too many instances the young
trees are neglected, and the cattle suffered to browse
upon them. Near Strabane are many large and well-
stocked orchards. The Roads are numerous, and in
general judiciously laid out and kept in good repair : a
new line was lately opened from Omagh, by Mountfield,
Kildress, and Cookstown, to Belfast. The roads are all
made and repaired by county presentments.
The REMAINS of ANTIQUITY are not peculiarly interest-
ing. Raths are scattered over almost every part ; near
the western border of the mountain named Mary Grey,
more than twelve of them may be seen within the com-
pass of a mile : they are generally in pairs. Many are
now scarcely discernible, in consequence of the farmers
having drawn off the mould for manure. The most
perfect has a parapet six feet high, with stepping stones
projecting from the inner sides in an oblique direction
to the top, like the winding of a staircase; its diameter
is 33 yards. A very remarkable Druidieal monument,
called Cloghtogle, or the " lifted stone," stands on a
hill a mile north of Newtown-Stewart ; it consists of
three large stones set upright in a triangular position,
about 7 feet high each, and covered with a broad hori-
zontal flag 1 1 feet long, 7 broad, and Ij inches thick.
On an opposite hill, at the distance of about 100 yards,
was a similar relic of larger dimensions, now lying on
the ground. There is a large and very beautiful one,
also called Clogh-togle, at Tamlaght, near Coagh ; it
consists of six upright stones standing about 5 feet
above the ground, on which is a large slab whose greatest
diameter is 10 feet, its circumference 2S, and its greatest
thickness 7 feet. Another, but less perfect, is to be
seen in the demesne of Loughry ; and a very noble one,
12 feet high, a quarter of a mile above Castlederg. At
Kilmeillie, near Dungannon, are two circles of stones,
each about 20 yards in diameter, in the form of the
figure S. On the same hill has been found a kind of
altar of dry stones, with the charcoal aud bones fresh
among the stones, which retained the marks of fire. An
urn has been found in a little sandy hill near Cooks-
town, covered with a large limestone slab, and sur-
rounded by si.x others. Near Omagh, three small chests
containing as many urns were found in 17 1-. under two
heaps of stones. In the parish of Errigal-Keroge is a
flat stone set upright, about three feet broad and of the
same height above ground, having one side covered
with carvings of a regular design, consisting of waving
and circular lines : it had been the cover of a vault
formed of flags set edgeways ; in the vault were found
two earthen vessels containing ashes. Near Dungannon
have been found several brazen trumpets of an uncom-
mon construction, with a hole in the side, and the smaller
end stopped, supposed to have been Danish. The mo-
nastic institutions of which traces yet remain are those
of Ardboe, Ardstraw, Cluin-Dhubhain, Garvaghkerin,
Puble, Grange, and Dououghmore : Cloghcr, Airecal-
T Y RR
ULLI
Dachioroc or Errigal-Keroge, Corock, Ballina=agart,
Dungannon, Omagh, Maghclair, Strabaue, and Trillick,
monasteries, exist only in the records of history. The
remains of ancient castles are numerous, but few of them
are of much importance : Benburb is the largest ; near
it are the ruins of one of the residences of Shane O'Nial.
Those of Newtown- Stewart, Dungannon, Strabane, and
Ballygawley, together with the chief modern mansions
of the nobility and gentry throughout the county, are
noticed under their respective parishes.
The PEASANTRY are very industrious. The houses of
the farmers are built in some parts of stone, in others of
clay ; slating is becoming more prevalent than thatch
for roofing. The want of native timber has been much
felt in the construction of the houses of the small
farmers and cottiers. The cabins are generally built at
the joint cost of landlord and tenant, in which case the
latter has an abatement of rent : when the whole is e.ve-
cuted at the tenant's cost, a year's rent is usually allowed
him. The use of turf for fuel is universal, except in the
immediate neighbourhood of the collieries. The food
consists of potatoes and oatmeal, and, in seasons of
scarcity, barley-meal : milk is used in summer and
autumn ; in winter, herrings. Sometimes a pig is killed
at Christmas, or several labourers join in the purchase
of a cow. The Donagh, which is kept at Brookborough,
near Five-mile-town, is a box or casket about the size of
a thick quarto volume, containing a representation of
Christ and the Apostles in high relief on brass coated
with silver, under which are some relics ; it is used as a
test of veracity in taking evidence among the people.
A belief in fairies, called here the Wee People, is uni-
versal among the poorer peasantry ; as is the custom of
driving their cattle round fires lighted on Midsummer
eve. A kind of hurling, here called " common," is a
favourite amusement of the young men : formerly they
devoted eleven days at Christmas to this exercise, now
they give only one ; a proof of the increase of habits of
industry. There are chalybeate springs at Dunbonrover
in Badony parish, and at the foot of Douglas mountain ;
besides several of less note among the Munterlowny
mountains. At Aghaloo is a sulphureous water stronger
than that at Swanlinbar ; and a very valuable mineral
water at Scarvey, two miles from Aughnacloy. Tyrone
gives the inferior titles of Earl and Viscount to the
Marquess of Waterford, the head of the Beresford
family.
TYRRELL'S-PASS, a post-town, partly in the pa-
rish of Clonfad, but chiefiy in that of Newtown,
union of Mullingar, barony of Fartullagh, county
of Westmeath, and province of Leinster, IQi miles
(E.) from Athlone, and 40 (S. W.) from Dublin, on the
coach-road to Athlone; containing 6^23 inhabitants.
This town takes its name from having been for many
centuries the residence of the family of Tyrrell, of whose
castle near the town there are still some remains. It is
situated at the meeting of three roads, and consists of
one long street, containing 10.5 houses, most of which
are well built, and roofed with slate ; the inhabitants
are supplied with water from a pump in the centre of
the market area, inclosed at the expense of the Countess
of Belvidere, who is proprietor of the town. To the
east rises the high hill of Gnewbaune, near the base of
which is Tou, a pleasant seat ; and in the environs are
several other handsome seats and pleasing villas. The
cotton manufacture was formerly carried on to a very
considerable extent, but is at present discontinued.
Fairs are held on the l/th of May and December, chiefly
for cattle, and are numerously attended ; the market,
held by patent, is discontinued. The parish church of
Clonfad, a structure in the later English style, with a
well-proportioned spire, is situated in the town ; and
there is also a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists,
built by the Countess of Belvidere. A savings' bank, a
charitable loan fund, and a dispensary, have been esta-
blished ; and there is a ladies' charitable association
under the patronage of the countess, which has been
highly beneficial to the poor. The loan fund, esta-
blished by the Rev. W. Fames, the incumbent of Clonfad,
to whom the parish is much indebted, has been pro-
ductive of the greatest good to the poorer classes of the
district ; and from its profits, numerous improvements
have been carried into effect, without aid from the pro-
prietor. Among these improvements are, the leveUing
of a small hill in front of the church, so as to increase
the apparent height of the spire, and improve the en-
trance to the building ; the draining and embellishment
of the public green ; the formation of an infant-school,
a straw-platting school, and a store for meal, all in the
building used as the loan office ; and the erection of an
excellent public clock, the laying out of a public garden,
and the construction of new footpaths. From the pror
fits, also, an agriculturist is paid, through whom im-
proved methods of cultivatiim have been introduced.
ULLARD, a parish, partly in the baronies of Idrone
East and St. Mullins, county of Carlow, and partly
in the barony of Gowran, county of Kilkenny, and
province of Leinster, 1^ miles (N.) from Graig, and on
the road from Carlow to New Ross; containing 2354
inhabitants. This parish is situated on both sides of
the river Barrow, and comprises 5S47 statute acres.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Leighlin, being
the corps of a prebend in the cathedral of Leighlin, and
in the patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is
£210. 9. S., and the gross income of the prebend about
£240. There is a glebe-house, with a glebe of 30 acres.
A new church and a school-house have been erected on
sites given by the Rev. Mr. Stubbs, the incumbent,
through whose exertions the cost of the buildings was
defrayed, wholly by private subscription. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is part of the district of
Graig. The remains of the old church, with an orna-
mented cross in the churchyard, appear to be of great
antiquity, and arc of considerable interest.
ULLID, or Illod, also called Illede, a parish, in
the union of Waterford, barony of Iverk, county
of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 6^ miles
(N. N. W.) from Waterford ; containing 646 inhabitants,
and comprising 2249 acres. It is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Ossory, forming part of the union of Poleroan ;
the rectory is impropriate in the corporation of Water-
ford, and the tithe rent-charge is £101. 5., two-thirds
URLI
URNE
payable to the lessee of the corporation, and one-third
to the vicar. In the Roman Catholic divisiions UUid is
part of the district of Kilniacow.
ULLOE.— See Oolla.
UMGALL, a grange, in the parish of Tkmi-le-
PATRiCK, barony of Ui'per Belfast, union and county
of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 6 miles (N. W.)
from Belfast : the population is 188. It is situated
upon the road from Belfast to Antrim, and comprises,
according to the Ordnance survey, 7531 statute acres.
UMMA.— See Omey.
UNION-HALL, a village, in the parish of Myross,
union of Skiubereen, Eastern division of the barony
of West Cardery, county of Cork, and province of
Munster, 6 miles (S. W.) from Rosscarbery, to which
it has a sub-post : the population is 336. It is situated
at the western extremity of the harbour of Glandore,
where is an excellent quay for vessels drawing ten feet of
water ; and a considerable trade is carried on in the ex-
port of corn. Close to the village is the parish church,
a handsome cruciform building with a tower ; and not
far distant is the district chapel of Castlehaven, a large
plain building. It is a constabulary police station, and
petty-sessions are held on alternate Thursdays. There
are a dispensary and three public schools. In the im-
mediate vicinity are several handsome seats, which are
enumerated in the article on Myross.
UI'PERCHURCH.— See Templeoutragh.
UPPER FALLS.— See Falls (Upper) and Bel-
fast.
UREGARE.— See Owregare.
URGLIN, or Rutland, a parish, in the union,
barony, and county of Carlow, and province of Lein-
STER, "25: miles (E. N. E.) from Carlow, on the road from
that town to Castledermot ; containing 1004 inhabit-
ants. This parish comprises 3149 statute acres: the
greater part of the land is in small holdings, but the
system of agriculture is improving. The seats are,
Burton Hall, pleasantly situated on a rising ground in a
finely planted demesne, approached by a long and w'ide
avenue of trees ; Rutland House ; Rutland Lodge ;
Johnstown ; Benekerry Lodge ; and Mount Sion. At
Palatinetown is a constabulary station ; and a fair is held
there on the '26th of March. The living is a rectory, in
the diocese of Leighlin, united in 1*13 to the rectory of
Grangeforth, and by act of council in 1803 to the im-
propriate cure of Killerick, and in the patronage of the
Bishop : the tithe rent-charge of the parish is £18". 10.,
and of the svhole union £407. 4. 6. The church is a
neat plain building with a spire, erected in 1821 by aid
of a loan of £700 from the Board of First Fruits. In
the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is partly in the
district of TuIIow, and partly in that of Tinriland, and
contains a chapel belonging to the latter division, situ-
ated at Benekerry.
URLINGFORD, a parish, in the barony of Galmoy,
union and county of Kilkenny, and province of Leix-
STER, If mile (S.) from Johnstown, to which it has a
sub-post ; on the road from Kilkenny to Thurlcs, and
on the coach-road from Dublin to Cork by Cashel ;
containing '2830 inhabitants. Of this number 174 2 are
in the village, which consists of a main street with a
few offsets diverging from it, and contains 318 houses,
mostly of inferior appearance. The village is the cen-
tre of a manufacture of coarse stuffs, flannels, and
623
worsteds, and carries on an extensive retail trade with
the surrounding districts. There are 1'2 fairs during the
year, chiefly for cattle and fat pigs ; they are held on
Jan. l'2th, Feb. 1st, March 17th, April 10th, May r2th,
June '29th, July '20th, Aug. 15th, Sept. l.'ith, Oct. r2th,
Nov. 14th, and Dec. '23rd. Near Urlingford is a race-
course surrounding a green knoll, the summit of which
commands an extensive panoramic prospect. A manor
court is held here every three weeks : the village is a
constabulary police station, and has a dispensary. The
parish comprises 349H statute acres. Agriculture is in
an improving state ; limestone exists in abundance ; and
there is a considerable quantity of bog, which, however,
is capable of being reclaimed. Near the village is Mary-
mount, a neat and improved seat. The living is a rec-
tory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ossory, and in the
patronage of the Crown: the tithe rent- charge is £1 1'2. 10.
The parish likewise forms part of the perpetual curacy
of Clomanto. In the Roman Catholic divisions it is the
head of a district, comprising also the parish of Tubrid-
Britain, with parts of those of Burnchurch and Clomanto,
in which union are two chapels ; that of Urlingford is a
very neat building. In the demesne of Marymount is a
cromlech, once supported by three upright stone pillars,
two of which, 8 feet high each, still remain in their
original position at one end; the third has fallen : a flat
stone underneath was broken in a search for money by
the peasants, who, instead, found human bones. A
rath in the neighbourhood is pecuUar, being of a square
shape.
URNEY, a parish, partly in the barony of Upper,
but chiefly in that of Lower, Loughtee, union and
county of Cavan, and province of Ulster; containing,
with the town of Cavan, 6464 inhabitants. It is situated
on the road from Dublin to Enniskillen, and comprises
7934 statute acres, of which 10.55 are water, and of
these, 530i are in Lough Oughter : the land is of
various qualities, but most of it in a profitable state of
cultivation. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Kilmore, united by episcopal authority, apparently at
an early date, to the vicarage of Annageliffe, and in the
patronage of the Bishop ; the rectory is partly appro-
priate to the Dean of Kilmore, and partly to the vicars-
choral of Christ Church, Dublin. The tithe rent-charge
of the parish is £117. 4., of which £'29. 1. 6. are pay-
able to the dean, £4. 15. 4. to the vicars-choral, and the
remainder to the vicar. The glebes of the union com-
prise 404^ acres, valued at £384. 4. 7- per annum ; and
the net value of the benefice, after paying three curates,
is £300. The church was rebuilt in 1816; the late
Board of First Fruits granted a loan of £4000 for the
purpose, and the remainder of the expense was defrayed
by private donations : it is a handsome structure, situ-
ated in the town of Cavan. Nine townlands of this
parish have been separated from it to form, with others,
the district parish of Derryheen. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish is the head of a union or dis-
trict, comprising also the parish of Annageliffe, and
commonly called the union of Cavan ; here are two
chapels, one of them in Cavan, a handsome edifice
erected at an expense of £2000, and one at Coolboy-
ague, built in 1810. There are places of worship tor
Presbyterians, and Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists.
The Royal school at Cavan is described in the account
of that town. Some remains exist of a monastery.
U R N E
V A L E
URNEY, a parish, in the union of Strabane, partly
in the barony of Raphoe, county of Donegal, but
chiefly in that of Strabane, county of Tyrone, and
province of Ulster, 1 miles (S. S. W.) from Strabane ;
containing, with the village of Claudy and part of the
town of Strabane (each separately described), 7^61 in-
habitants. This parish, comprising 14,4895 statute
acres, is bounded on the north-west by the rest of the
county of Donegal, and is situated for the most part
between the rivers Finn and Mourne, which, uniting at
its northern extremity, form the Foyle. The greater
portion of the land is remarkably fertile, and, under its
present improved treatment, produces crops of all kinds
of grain : there is abundance of limestone, which is ex-
tensively used both for building and agriculture ; the
bogs are increasing in value, and the moimtains afford
excellent pasturage. The inhabitants combine with
their rural employments, to which most attention is
given, the manufacture of linen-cloth : a large mill has
been built at Seeir, upon the Mourne river, for the
spinning of linen-yarn. The produce of the soil finds a
ready market at Strabane, and much of the grain is
sent to Derry by the river Finn, in barks of from 60 to
80 tons' burthen. At the northern extremity of the
parish is a bridge of twelve arches over the Foyle, lead-
ing to Lifford ; another near the church, over the same
river, leads to Donegal ; and at Bridgetown, a third of
light arches over the Mourne connects the parish with
the main part of the thriving commercial town of Stra-
bane. It is partly within the manor of Strabane, and
partly within that of Ardstraw, for the latter of which
a court is held once a month at Castlederg. The vale
of Urney is among the most fertile and highly culti-
vated parts of the county : the houses are in general
well built, and have gardens and orchards attached to
them ; those of the higher classes are embellished with
flourishing plantations. The principal seats are, Urney
Park, the residence of the Galbraith family; Urney
House ; Fyfinn Lodge ; Galany j Ballyfatton ; and
Castletown.
The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Derry, and
in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge
is £525. The old glebe-house having been accidently
burnt, a nevv one was erected in 1*98, during the in-
cumbency and at the sole expense of the late Dr. Fowler,
Bishop of Ossory, who did not charge his successor in
the living with any portion of the outlay. The glebe, of
286 Cunningham acres, is in two portions : one, on
which the glebe-house stands, contains 83 acres on the
banks of the Finn, from the inundations of which river
it is protected by an embankment \1 feet high and
nearly a mile long _; the other, called Rabstown, is let
to tenants. The entire glebe is valued in the Commis-
sioners' books at about £300 per annum. The church,
in the vale of Urney, a handsome edifice in the Grecian
style, built in 1734, underwent a thorough repair in
1809. The right of nomination to the perpetual cure
of Skirts, or Derg, belongs to the incumbent of this
benefice. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is the head of a district comprising this parish and that
of Skirts. There are places of worship for Presbyterians
at Somcrville and Alt, in connexion with the General
Assembly. Andrew Sproule, Esq., in 1801, bequeathed
£1000 to the rector and churchwardens for ever, in
trust for the poor of the parish ; the interest is annually
distributed in winter clothing. The Honj and Most
Rev. Dr. Beresford, Archbishop of Tuam ; the Right
Rev. Dr. Forster, Bishop of Kilmore ; and the Right
Rev. Dr. Fowler, Bishop of Ossory, were successively
rectors of Urney.
USKE, a parish, in the union of Naas, barony of
East Narragh and Rheban, county of Kildare, and
province of Leinster, 4 miles (S.) from Kilcullen, on
the road to Baltinglass ; containing 1035 inhabitants,
and comprising 1763 statute acres. Near Redgap,
within the limits of the parish, a skirmish took place in
1798, between the king's troops and the insurgents.
Fairs are held on the Thursday before the 12th of May,
and the first Thursday and Friday in October. Uske is
a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, forming
part of the union and corps of the prebend of Dunlavan :
the tithe rent-charge is £57. 16. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish is part of the district of Narragh-
more.
USKEANE, a parish, in the union of Parsonstown,
barony of Lower Ormond, county of Tipperary, and
province of Munster, 2 miles (E. by N.) from Burris-
o'-kane, on the road to Roscrea and Parsonstown ;
containing 1875 inhabitants. This parish comprises
7606 statute acres; the land is principally under tillage,
and the soil light but productive. There is, however,
a large proportion of bog. The principal seats are, Sop-
well Hall, a very handsome house situated in an exten-
sive and finely planted demesne ; Castle Shepherd ;
Uskeane House ; and Cooreavan. The parish is a
vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, forming part of the
union of Ballingarry ; the rectory is impropriate in
Marmaduke Thompson, Esq., and the tithe rent-charge
is £199. 12., of which £121. 14. are payable to the im-
propriator, and the remainder to the vicar. On the
demesne of Sopwell Hall are the ruins of an ancient
castle, formerly occupied by the Sadleir family ; they
consist chiefly of a very massive and lofty tower,
forming an interesting and picturesque object in the
landscape.
VALENCIA, an island, and a parish called also
Kilmore, in the union of Cahirciveen, barony of
Iveragh, county of Kerry, and province of Munster,
4 miles (S. W.) from Cahirciveen, and 184f (S. W.) from
Dublin; containing 2920 inhabitants. The island lies
in a direction from north-east to south-west, along the
coast of Kerry, from which it is separated on the north,
east, and south by Valencia harbour, the Atlantic wash-
ing the other side. The spacious harbour thus formed
by the island may be entered from the north and from
the west ; it is land-locked, extremely well sheltered,
and has deep water and excellent holding-ground ; to
the north of the island is Beg-innis or Begnis Island,
which see. Oliver Cromwell having expelled the Spaniards,
who had occupied Valencia for a considerable time for
purposes of piracy, erected forts at each entrance, and
made it a station for troops and frigates to defend the
V A L E
\' E X T
western coast of Ireland against the privateers of Spain.
In 1710, the Irish house of commons voted a grant for
the construction of a fort on the island, also to guard it
against pirates ; and in the course of the late French
war, a signal tower was built at Bry Head, the western
extremity, as a place eminently suited for observations
to the westward. Two ferries connect the island with
the main land : the principal one is half a mile in length
and on the eastern side, where the mail-road terminates
at Reenard Point, on the main land ; the other, still
shorter, is at the western entrance, near Portmagee.
The island comprises 6371 statute acres, of which
about 4500 belong to the Knight of Kerry; about r200
to Trinity College, Dublin ; and the remainder to Henry
Herbert, Esq. : the Knight rents the college lands. The
soil is in general light, with a porous subsoil, and is
capable of being easily drained ; there are large tracts
of fertile land : some improvements have been made in
agriculture, and green crops are now cultivated with
great success. The want of lime is remedied by the
use of calcareous sand, which, with sea-weed, is the
general manure. The principal residences on the island
are, Glanlcem, the beautiful seat of the Knight of Kerry;
Corobeg ; and Reenellen, the private residence of the
incumbent of the parish, the Rev. Mr. Day. The num-
ber of houses now exceeds 560, mostly scattered over
the island and of a single story. Within these few
years a town has been commenced, called in the Ordnance
sur\ ey " Knightstow-n," contiguous to the eastern land-
ing-place ; a comfortable hotel has been erected, and is
about to be improved with baths and additional accom-
modation : there is a large store for the purchase and
export of corn, butter, and other agricultural produce.
An extensive establishment of saw- mills has been
formed, for cutting blocks of slate-stone into slabs, by
means of steam-power ; and additional buildings are in
course of erection. New lines of streets have been laid
out, and houses are being built for the workpeople and
tradesmen connected with the saw-mills ; several shops
have been opened ; and an active spirit of enterprise
prevails. Near the town is a station for the coast-guard,
close to the principal anchorage. Some years ago, a
pier was constructed at the joint expense of the Knight
of Kerry and the late Fishery Board, and vessels of
200 tons can lie here in safety ; but it requires con-
siderable extension to be suitable to the existing traffic,
the exports of slate, corn, butter, &c., direct to the
London market, having greatly increased within the
last two years. There is a ferry-slip or pier at the op-
posite shore of Reenard. In the town are a sub-post
office in connexion with Cahirciveen ; a petty-sessions'
house ; and a dispensary.
Valencia, according to Smith's History of Kerry, was
in his time looked upon as the granary of the south-
west, sending great quantities of oatmeal (the food of
the people at that period) to the markets of Killarney
and other towns. This commodity, on account of the
mountainous character of the roads, was conveyed in
bags on the backs of small horses. It was not until
IS'2'2 that a proper carriage-road was completed to
Cahirciveen, the principal town of Iveragh ; previously
to which time, the use of cars was almost unknown in
this barony : a fine level and very picturesque road was
then constructed, along which produce can be conveyed
to and from Cork. A fishery on a small scale has been
Vol. II.— 6'25
established by the Knight of Kerry, for the supply of
the fresh-fish market ; and the farmers commonly equip
seine-boats for taking mackerel and herrings, during the
summer season : a seine costs about £40, and the crews
of two boats attending it, are sixteen in number. The
slate-quarries on the northern side of the island, at
Dohilla, were opened several years ago by the Knight of
Kerry, who expended £16,000 in establishing the works,
and succeeded in introducing his flags to a considerable
extent into the London market, where the slate obtained
the favour of the most distinguished architects and
engineers. On its first introduction it was used for
the National Gallery, St. Thomas's Hospital, the British
Museum, and various other public edifices ; and it was
also adopted in the Ordnance and Admiralty depart-
ments. In 1S39, the quarries were let on lease to an
English company, the Messrs. Blackburn, who invested
upwards of £40,000 in the extension and improvement
of the undertaking, and who by machinery and skill
have brought the material to such perfection that it
now commands an unbounded market. Among other
great works, it is employed by Mr. Barry in roofing the
new houses of parliament. At present, 400 men are
employed in the works, and the wages of labourers
in Valencia are double those given on the main land
opposite.
The LIVING is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese
of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the patronage of the
Crown: the tithe rent-charge is £112. 10. The glebe-
house, at Kilmore, built in 1815 by a gift of £400 and
a loan of £300 from the Board of First Fruits, is now
in a dilapidated state : the glebe comprises 06 statute
acres of good land. The church, situated at the north-
eastern side of the island, is a small plain building with
a square tower, also erected in 1S15, and since repaired
by a loan of £200 from the Board. In the Roman
Catholic divisions, likewise, the island constitutes a
separate parish : the chapel is nearly in its centre. The
ruins of the old church are to be seen in the burial-
ground, which is still used for interment.
The H.ARBOUR of Valencia, being the nearest to
America of any in Europe, and so directly and easily
accessible from the ocean, as well as possessing all the
qualities of capaciousness and safe anchorage, has been
much talked of by men of science of all countries as a
desirable point for departure towards America and our
northern colonies. Its value as a safety harbour has
been well ascertained, during the last two winters, by
Her Majesty's vessels stationed or cruizing on the west-
ern coast ; and the lines of railway projected from
Dublin and Wexford towards the south-west, seem to
point to Valencia as a future packet-station for America.
It is understood that many of the citizens of the United
States interested in a proper choice, have, after a care-
ful investigation of the different Irish harbours, given a
decided preference to the harbour of Valencia.
VASTINA. — See Castletown-Kindelane.
VENTRY, a parish, in the union of Tralee, barony
of CoRKAGUiNEY, couuty of Kerry, and province of
MuNSTER, 4i miles (W.) from Dingle ; containing 2426
inhabitants, of whom 190 are in the village. The
parish is situated in the interior of a harbour of the
same name on the northern shore of Dingle bay, and is
near Dunmore Head, the most western point of Ireland :
it contains 4439 statute acres, of which a large portion
4 L
VI R G
WALL
is coarse mountain land and bog. The harbour is spa-
cious, and is considered to be a dependency on the port
of Dingle, being separated from it only by a narrow
peninsula, concerning which there is a tradition that it
was the last ground possessed by the Danes in Ireland,
which is somewhat corroborated by a statement given
by Hanmer in his Chronicle from the "Book of Howth,"
that a great battle was fought here between the Irish
and the Danes. The harbour is exposed to the gales
from the south-east. On its western point, called Cahir
Trant, is an ancient Danish intrenchment, and at Rath-
lanane are the remains of an old castle of the Knight of
Kerry : at a place called Fane, or Fahan, is a small cell
or hermitage with a pointed roof of stone. There is a
coast-guard station at East Coumtra, belonging to the
Dingle district. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and in the patron-
age of the family of Crosbie : the tithe rent-charge is
£80, and the glebe, which is in three portions, contains
4a. 2r. 2z>p. A church and a parsonage have been lately
built. In the Roman Catholic divisions this parish
forms part of the district of Dingle, and has a chapel in
the village. Ventry gives the title of Baron to the
family of Mullins.
VICARSTOWN, a village, in the parish of MoY-
AN'NA, union of Athy, barony of Stradbally, Queen's
county, and province of Leinster, on a branch of the
Grand Canal, from Monastereven to Athy ; containing
about 14 houses and 77 inhabitants. It is a constabu-
lary police station.
VILLARAIDE.— See Raylestown.
VILLIERSTOWN, a chapelry, in the parish of Ag-
LiSH, union of DuNGARVAN, barony of DECiES-within-
Drum, county of Waterford, and province of Mun-
STER, 7 miles (\V.) from Dungarvan, and on the road
from Clashmore to Cappoquin ; containing 328 inhabit-
ants. This is a remarkably neat village, beautifully
situated near the river Blackwater, and close to the de-
mesne of Dromana ; comprising 52 houses. It is a con-
stabulary police station ; petty-sessions are held once
a fortnight ; and fairs on June 5th and Sept. 4th. The
chapelry is a donative in the gift of Lord Stuart de
Decies, originally endowed by John, Earl of Grandison.
The church, erected in I76O, is a small building ; within
a short distance is the residence of the chaplain, whose
stipend is £54, and he has also 25 acres of land.
"VIRGINIA, a market and post town, in the parish
of LuRGAN, union of Oldcastle, barony of Castle-
rahan, county of Cavan, and province of Ulster,
14| miles (S. E.) from Cavan, and 40:^ (N. W.) from
Dublin ; containing 965 inhabitants. It was founded
in pursuance of the plan for colonising Ulster in the
reign of James I., when 250 acres ware allotted for the
site of a town to be erected between Cavan and Kells,
and called Virginia ; which was to have been made a
borough, but has never been incorporated. The patent
was originally granted to Capt. Ridgway, but was even-
tually assigned to Capt. Culme, who, in I7I9, had a
house and large bawn in a strong situation ; and there
were at that time in the town eight houses built of
timber and occupied by English tenants, and a minister,
who kept a good schodl. Capt. Culme also held the
lands of Lough Ramor, or the manor of Chichester,
comprising 1000 acres. The town, which is pleasantly
situated on Lough Ramor, consists of 149 houses, and
626
within the last few years, has been greatly improved by
its noble proprietor, the Marquess of Headfort. The
market is on Thursday; and fairs are held on Jan.
24th, March 7th, April 2nd, May 11th, July 9th, Aug.
22nd, Sept. 23rd, Nov. 21st, and Dec. 20th. Here are
an extensive malting and brewing establishment, and
a constabulary police station; petty-sessions are held
once a fortnight, and a manorial court monthly for the
recovery of debts under 405. The present parochial
church, situated in the town, is a new and handsome
structure in the Gothic style, with a fine spire sur-
mounted by a gilt cross. A church had been built here
by a loan of £2000 from the late Board of First Fruits
in 1818, but soon after its completion a storm blew
down the steeple, which, falling on the roof, completely
destroyed the edifice ; and on Christmas night, 1832,
the church by which it was replaced was entirely con-
sumed by an accidental fire. Adjoining the town, and
on the north side of the lake, is Virginia Park, a cottage
residence of the Marquess of Headfort : the scenery of
the park is extremely diversified, and its walks and
drives are very beautiful ;'-the plantations are a highly
ornamental feature in the landscape. Lough Ramor
contains several small islands, recently planted by his
lordship, who has established an annual boat-race on
the lough and gives as a prize a cup of the value of 30
guineas. Many curiously shaped brazen pots, supposed
to be Danish, were discovered in the lake a few years
since, some of which are in the possession of the Mar-
quess, at Headfort House, near Kells.
w
WALLSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Mallow,
barony of Fermoy, county of Cork, and province of
Munster, 2^ miles (E. S. E.) from Doneraile, on the
road to Castletown-Roche ; containing 950 inhabitants.
This parish is situated on the river Awbeg, by which it
is partly intersected ; and comprises 3056 statute acres :
the land is of medium quality, and chiefly in tillage, and
the state of agriculture is much improved ; limestone
abounds, and is used both for building and agricultural
purposes. Fairs are held at Drumdeer on July 12th
and Aug. 12th, for cattle and pigs : at the village of
Dunavalla is a mill for grinding oats. The river winds
very beautifully through the district, and is famous for
its fine trout ; the gentlemen's seats are Ballywalter,
Landscape, and Wallstown. The living is a rectory and
vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, united to the particle
of Ballygregan (a townland now considered to form
part of the parish of Wallstown), and in the patronage
of the Bishop: the tithe rent-charge is £312, and the
glebe comprises 16 statute acres. The glebe-house is a
commodious and well-built mansion, erected in 1829 at
an expense of £1100, of which the late Board of First
Fruits gave £200 and lent £600, on condition of its
being used for the performance of divine service until a
church could be erected ; it is accordingly used for that
purpose. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is in the district of Monanimy, or Kealavullen. The
W A R I
W A 11 II
ruins of the church still exist ; immediately adjoining
is the ancient castle of Wallstown, which originally
belonged to the family of Wall, and was granted by
Cromwell to one of his soldiers, of the name of Rud-
dock.
WALTERSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Athy,
barony of West Ophaly, county of Kildare, and
province of Leinster, 3^ miles (S. S. W.) from Kildare,
on the road to Athy ; containing 376 inhabitants, and
comprising 1501 5 statute acres. It is a rectory, in
the diocese of Kildare, forming part of the union and
corps of the prebend of Nurney : the tithe rent-charge
is £93. 19. A new church was lately erected here, the
church at Kildangan having become dilapidated. In the
Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of the dis-
trict of Kildare. Of the ancient church and burial-
ground of Walterstown not a vestige now exists ; nor is
there any trace remaining of the castle, traditionally
stated to have belonged to a branch of the Fitzgerald
family.
WARD (THE), a chapelry, in the parish of Fin-
GLAS, North Dublin union, barony of Castleknock,
county of Dublin, and pro»ince of Leinster, 6 miles
(N.) from Dublin, on the road to Ashbourne ; contain-
ing 175 inhabitants, and comprising 1349:i statute
acres. Here is a station of the constabulary police,
and petty-sessions are held on alternate Mondays ; there
are quarries of good stone. It is a chapelry, in the
diocese of Dublin, forming part of the union of Finglas
and corps of the chancellorship of St. Patrick's cathe-
dral, Dublin : the tithes are included with those of
Finglas. In the Roman Catholic divisions, also, it
is part of the district of Finglas. The church is in
ruins.
WARINGSTOWN, a post-town, in the parish of
DoNAGHCLONEY, union of LuRGAN, barouy of LoWER
IvEAGH, county of Down, and province of Ulster, '2|^
miles (S. W.) from Lurgan, on the road to Banbridge ;
containing 825 inhabitants. The ancient name of this
place was Clanconnel, which was changed into that by
which it is at present known by William Waring, who
settled here in I667 on lands purchased by him from
the dragoons of Cromwell's army, who had received a
grant of forfeited land in this quarter. The new pro-
prietor immediately built a large and elegant mansion,
which is still the family seat. In the war of 1688 he
was driven out by the Irish army, who kept possession
of the house as a military station till the arrival of Duke
Sehomberg, who remained here for two days on his
march to the Boyne. Mr. Waring, who had escaped to
the Isle of Man, was outlawed by the parliament of
James II. Samuel Waring, a descendant of the spirited
individual to whom the place owes its existence and its
name, was the founder of its manufacturing prosperity,
in the reign of Queen Anne. Having acquired a know-
ledge of the processes for making diaper during his
travels in Holland and Belgium, he introduced them
into his own country ; and the first piece of cloth of this
description, made in Ireland, was the produce of his
estate. He also, when abroad, procured drawings of the
wheels and reels in Holland, and with his own hand
made the first of the wheels and reels now in general
use ; before which, all the flax in the country had been
spun by the rock and spindle. The linen manufacture
thus introduced and patronised became the staple of
6'27
the district, and is now carried on to a very great extent
in all its branches, there being scarcely a family in the
town and neighbourhood which is not more or less
employed in some department of it. Petty-sessions are
held in the town every alternate Saturday ; it is a con-
stabulary police station, and has a sub-post ofhce to
Banbridge and Lurgan.
The town was made the site of the parish church of
Donaghcloney by an act of parliament in 1681 ; and
divine service has been celebrated since that period in
the church in this town, which had been previously
built by Mr. Waring at his own expense for the use of
his family and tenantry. It is a large and handsome
edifice in the Elizabethan style, to which a tower and
spire were added in 1/48 : the interior is very elegantly
fitted up, and is remarkable for its roof of carved oak,
resting on 18 carved corbels of the same material ; the
pulpit, communion-table, railings, and pews are all of
oak. In 1832 the church, being found too small for the
congregation, was enlarged by the addition of a north-
ern transept, which is finished in its roof and all other
parts to correspond with the original building ; and
at the same time, the pulpit and communion-table
were richly ornamented with carvings and pierced work
of wreaths, festoons, and other similar embellishments,
executed by the hand of the Rev. Holt Waring, pro-
prietor of the estate, and by him presented to the parish.
The bell of the old church of Donaghcloney, after having
lain for nearly a century in the river Lagan, was raised,
and hung in the tower of Waringstown church : en-
graved on it in rude characters is the inscription, " I
belong to Donaghcloney." Waringstown House, the
mansion of the proprietor, is in the immediate vicinity
of the town, surrounded by a demesne richly planted
with ancient and flourishing forest-trees ; the pleasure-
grounds, gardens, and shrubberies are extensive, and
kept in the best order. The residence named Demesne
is also near the town. The district is very fertile, and
in a high state of cultivation, with numerous houses of
the gentry and wealthy manufacturers interspersed.
Henry M<^Lcary, who greatly improved the machinery
for diaper-weaving, and invented a slay for expediting
the process,' for which he received a premium of £100
from the Linen Board, was a native of this place.
WxVRRENPOIKT, a sea-port, post-town, and dis-
trict parish, in the union of Newry, barony of Upper
Iveagh, 'county of Down, and province of Ulster,
5 miles (S. E. by S.) from Newry, and 5.5^ (N.) from
Dublin, on the road from Newry to Rostrevor ; con-
taining 2045 inhabitants, of whom 1540 are in the
town. A castle was built near this place in 1212, by
Hugh de Lacy, to protect the ferry across the channel
where it narrows, and the fortress was thence called
Narrowwater Castle ; it was destroyed in the war of
1641, and rebuilt by the Duke of Ormonde in 1663.
The site of the present town was originally a rabbit-
warren, whence it received its name. In 1"80 the place
consisted only of two houses, with a few huts for the
occasional residence of fishermen during the oyster-
season : it now comprises several respectable streets,
diverging from a square on the sea-side, and containing
288 houses, many of them large and well built. This
rapid increase has been principally owing to the extra-
ordinary beauty of the situation of the town, command-
ing fine views of the bay of Carlingford, and to its
W A II R
W ATE
convenience as a bathing-place, on which account it has
been for several years a fashionable resort for visiters
from all parts. Petty-sessions are held on alternate
Mondays ; it is a constabulary police station ; and has
a dispensary. Fairs are held on the last Friday of every
month. Its maritime situation has also rendered it a
place of considerable commercial activity. Large ves-
sels trading to Newry are obliged to lie here, with deep
water, good anchorage, and perfect shelter, as the pas-
sage up to Newry will only admit vessels drawing from
9 to 9A feet of water : the shipping-trade has been ac-
commodated by the erection of a quay at which vessels
can load and discharge their cargoes. There are three de-
partures weekly of first-class steamers to Liverpool during
the summer months, and two a week during winter ; one
to Glasgow ; and one to Dublin ; by which very large
quantities of agricultural produce, cattle, poultry, eggs,
provisions, and oysters are exported, and British and
foreign produce received in return. A patent-slip has
been erected by Roger Hall, Esq., at his own e.\pense,
capable of taking up ships of SOO tons' register ; it
adjoins a dock, where ships have every accommodation.
In the town is a windmill constructed according to the
most approved principles, to which a steam-engine is
attached for working the machinery in calm weather ;
in addition to its practical value, this building forms a
striking feature in the landscape when viewed from some
distance.
The parish comprises 1178| statute acres, all of which,
with the exception of 6si acres under water, are of good
quality and well cultivated. Not far from the town is
Narrowwater Castle, a very fine edifice in the Eliza-
bethan style, built of hewn granite raised from a quarry
on the estate : near the town also is Dromore Lodge ;
and the neighbouring shores are studded with seats,
villas, and cottages, chiefly erected by the gentry of the
surrounding counties as bathing-lodges during summer,
all enjoying varied prospects of the lough and its ad-
jacent mountains, which combine in a singular manner
the picturesque with the sublime. The livi.ng is a
perpetual cure, in the diocese of Dromore, and in the
gift of the Chancellor of the diocese, as incumbent of
Clonallon. The income of the curate amounts to
£69. 4, 7., arising from an endowment of £46. 3. 1.
paid by the chancellor and f'^S. 1. 6. from Primate
Boulter's augmentation fund. The church, situated in
the town, and about a mile distant from the mother
church, is a small building in the early English style ;
it was erected in 18'25 by Mr. Hall, at an expense of
£830. 15. British, being a gift from the late Board of
First Fruits. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Clonallon : a large
and elegant chapel has been erected in the town. There
are places of worship for Presbyterians in connexion
with the General Assembly and the Remonstrant Synod;
also for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. The ex-
tensive ruins of Nuns' Island were near the ferry at
Narrowwater ; they were by some supposed to be the
remains of a religious establishment, and by others the
ruin of De Lacy's castle : these ruins have been de-
stroyed by an embankment lately made to deepen the
river up to Newry.
WARRENSTOWN, a village, in the parish of Knock-
mark, union of Dunshaughlin, barony of Lower
Deece, county of Mbath, and province of Leinster,
•25 miles (\V. by N.) from Dunshaughlin, on the road, by
St. John's Well and Dunsany, to Kilmessan and Navan ;
containing about 13 houses and 97 inhabitants. Fairs
are held on Jan. 1st, April '28th, June 27th, and Sept.
^Oth, chiefly for cattle and pigs.
■WATERFORD (County of), a maritime county of
the province of MrxsTER, bounded on the west by that
of Cork ; on the north, by those of Tipperary and Kil-
kenny ; on the east, by that of Wexford ; and on the
south, by St. George's Channel. It extends from 51°
54' to 52° 19' (N. Lat.), and from 6° 57' to S° S' (W.
Lon.) ; comprising an extent of 461,553 statute acres,
of which 325,345 are arable land, 105,496 uncultivated,
23,408 in plantations, 1525 in towns and villages, and
5779 covered by water. The population, in 1S21, ex-
clusively of the city of Waterford, which forms a county
of itself, was 127,842 ; in 1831, 148,233 ; and in 1841,
172,971.
The earliest inhabitants of this portion of the island
were a tribe designated by Ptolemy Menapii, who occu-
pied also the present county of W^exford. Prior to the
seventh century, mention is made of two small tracts,
one called Coscradia, and the other Ily-Lyathain, on the
south, about Ardmore ; but these designations appear
to have merged at an early period in that of Decies,
given by the preponderating power of a tribe called the
Desii, or Decii, who occupied the central and larger
portions of the county at the time of the English inva-
sion. They are said to have been originally planted in
Meath, and gave name to the barony of Deece : in
a contest for the chieftaincy in the middle of the third
century, a large number were compelled to abandon
that territory, and to remove southwards ; and they
ultimately settled themselves in the tract of country ex-
tending from Carrick-on-Suir to Dungarvan, and thence
eastward to Waterford harbour. From this time Decie
in Meath, and Decie in Munster, were called respectively
jyorth and South Decie ; the latter also bore the Irish
name of Nan-Decie. But jEngus Mac Nafrach, King of
Munster, in the fifth century, enlarged the territories of
the Decii by annexing to them the lands of Magh-Femin,
comprising the present barony of Middlethird, and the
large extended plains near Cashel, called Gowlin, toge-
ther with the country about Clonmel : and from this
period the designation of Decie-Thuasgeart, or North
Decie, became applied only to this grant ; the former
territories in W'aterford still retaining the distinctive
appellation of Decie- Deisgeart, or South Decie. St. De-
clan, a Christian missionary of the race of the Decii,
converted great numbers of them about the year 402 ;
and, by his influence, their pagan chieftain was deposed,
and one of the Christian converts elected in his stead.
This saint, and St. Carthage, of the same sept, who died
in 637, founded respectively the religious establishments
at Ardmore and Lismore, the extent of the parishes
attached to which is accounted for by their remote
antiquity.
In the ninth century, the population of this territory
was augmented by the Danes, who, under a leader
named Sitric, conquered and retained the maritime dis-
trict bordering on the harbour of Waterford, then nearly
insulated, and forming the present barony of Gaultier,
" the land of the Gauls, or Foreigners." They founded
the city of Waterford, which they made their chief sta-
tion ; and though they never became amalgamated with
W ATE
the native population, they appear at a subsequent period
to have united with them in cases of common danger.
In the twelfth century, the chieftains of the Decii as-
sumed the surname of O'Feolain. In 1169, Melaghlin
O'FeoIain, Prince of the Decii, was taken prisoner at
the siege of Waterford by the Anglo-Normans under
Strongbow, and saved only through the mediation of
Dermod Mac Murrough. He was the last chieftain who
enjoyed the full powers of his predecessors ; but the
political existence of the Decii was not at once termi-
nated, as appears from the recorded deaths of three of
their " kings" in the interval between that period and
the year r206.
The power of the Anglo-Norman invaders was too
great to be long effectually resisted. In U73, Raymond
le Gros, with a select party, overran the country of
Decies, which he every where depopulated and ravaged ;
and, after a conflict with the Danes of Cork, returned
in triumph to Waterford. Henry II., in 1177, granted
in custody to Robert le Poer, his marshal, the country
lying between AVaterford and the river of Lismore (the
Blackwater), comprising the greater part of the present
county, the rest of which was included in the grant of
the " kingdom " of Cork to Mile de Cogan and his com-
panions. Henceforward the Poers maintained a great
superiority in this territory, and often waged sanguinary
hostilities on their own part with the men of Waterford.
It appears from a charter of King John to the citizens
of Waterford, in 1'206, that the territory of W^aterford
had been then erected into a county, the justices of
assize and other officers of which were inhibited from
exercising any authority within the city : this con-
troverts the generally received opinion that the first
shires in Ireland were erected by King John, in 1^210.
The same king granted the custody of this county and
that of Desmond to Thomas Fitz-Anthony, together
with all the royal demesnes in the same, at the annual
rent of '250 marks. Edward I. confirmed it to his son
John, for .500 marks per annum ; but this act having
been performed during the king's minority, the lands
were subsequently recovered by the crown, by a decree
against Thomas Fitz-Maurice, cousin and heir of John :
Edward, however, in 1'29-, granted them to Thomas
Fitz-Anthony, another branch of the Geraldines. In
1300, a party of natives made an incursion into Water-
ford, but were repulsed with much slaughter by the
O'Feolains. In 1444, James, Earl of Desmond, pro-
cured a patent for the government of this and other
counties of Munster ; but three years afterwards, John
Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, then lord-lieutenant of
Ireland, obtained a grant from the king of the city and
county of Waterford, and the dignity and title of earl
of Waterford, together with the castles, honour, lands,
and barony of Dungarvan, with jera regalia, wreck, &c.,
from Youghal to Waterford ; because the country was
waste, in so far as, in lieu of producing any profit to the
crown, it was a cause of great loss. This patent was
made by virtue of a privy seal, and by authority of
parliament. By the act of the '2Sth of Henry VIII.,
however, vesting in the crown the possessions of all
absentees from Ireland, the whole of the above lands,
rights, and titles were resumed by the crown ; and the
only portion restored to the family of Talbot was the
title, which was re-granted to Francis Talbot in 1661
by Charles II.
629
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The county suffered the severest calamities during the
protracted war in Munster, towards the close of Eliza-
beth's reign ; those whom the sword spared being re-
duced to the extrcmest misery of famine. A large
portion of its lands was forfeited : an extensive tract
near its western confines, included in the grant to Sir
Walter Raleigh, was subsequently vested by purchase
in Sir Richard Boyle, afterwards Earl of Cork, and
is now the property of the Duke of Devonshire. In
the war of 1641, the county experienced its full share
of calamities. The towns were chiefly in the Roman
Catholic interest, and their inhabitants ravaged the
lands of the English settlers, and put many of them to
death : the Earl of Cork was scarcely able to defend
his settlements in the west ; and finally the whole was
overrun and reduced by Cromwell's forces. Few events
connected with the war of I6h8 occurred here; but
subsequently, in the middle of the last century, the
county was much disturbed by agrarian associations
and outrages committed by bands of the peasantry,
styling themselves Whiteboys, Levellers, and Rightboys.
In the insurrection of 179*^, the people of this county,
notwithstanding the fury of the hostilities in the ad-
jacent counties of Wexford and Kilkenny, suffered little ;
the amount claimed for compensation of losses within
its limits, during this period, being only £13'2'2. Early
in the present century, considerable disturbance was
occasioned by the hostilities of the rural factions called
" Caravats" and " Shanavests."
The shire comprises the whole of the dioceseof Water-
ford and the greater part of that of Lismore, in the province
of Dublin. For civil purposes it is divided into the ba-
ronies of Coshbride and Coshmore, Decies-without-Drum ,
Decies-within-Drum, Gaultier, Glenahiery, Middlethird,
and Upperthird. Exclusively of the city of Waterford,
which forms a county of itself, it contains the borough,
market, and sea-port town of Dungarvan ; the sea-port,
market, and post town of Dunmore ; the sea-port and
market-town of Tramore, and the sea-port town of
Passage East, each of which has a sub-post ; the mar-
ket and post towns of Lismore and Tallow, formerly
parliamentary boroughs ; the post-towns of Cappoquin,
Clashmore, Portlaw, and Kilmacthomas ; and the mari-
time village of Bonmahon, which has a sub-post. It
sent eight representatives to the Irish parliament ; two
being for the county, and two for each of the boroughs
of Dungarvan, Lismore, and Tallow ; but since the
Union its only representatives in the Imperial parlia-
ment have been two for the county and one for the
borough of Dungarvan. The county members are
elected at Waterford : the constituency consisted in
1841 of 171 £'r,0. 76 £'20, and 481 £10, freeholders,: S
£.50, and 16 £'20, rent-chargers ; and '2 £50. 5 £'20, and
4.3 £10, leaseholders ; making a total of 802 registered
electors. The shire is included in the Leinster circuit :
the assizes and four general sessions of the peace are
held at Waterford, in which city the court-house, county
prison, and house of correction are situated ; general-
sessions of the peace are also held twice in the year at
Dungarvan, and twice at Lismore. The local govern-
ment is vested in a lieutenant, '20 deputy-lieutenants, and
49 other magistrates. The number of constabulary police
stations is 33, having unitedly a force of a county inspec-
tor, five sub-inspectors, six head-constables, 25 con-
stables, and 119 sub-constables, with seven horses; the
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expense of whose maintenance in 1842 was £8531.
The district lunatic asylum, which is confined to the
county and city, is in the city of Waterford : there are
fever hospitals at Waterford, Dungarvan, Lismore, and
Tallow ; and dispensaries at Cappoquin, Clashmore,
Dunmore, Kilmacthomas, Kilbarrymeaden, Tramore,
Dungarvan, Tallow, Lismore, Ballyduff, Bonmahon, and
Drumcanuon, supported by grand jury presentments
and private subscriptions in equal portions. The total
grand jury presentments for 1S44 were £26,546. In
military arrangements the county is in the Cork district,
and within its limits are barracks for infantry at Balli-
narault and Dungarvan, capable of accommodating 13
officers and 247 men : the city is in the Dublin dis-
trict.
The SURFACE is for the most part of a mountainous
character ; and the valleys watered by the various
rivers are generally picturesque and beautiful. It is
divided into two nearly equal portions by the Ciimme-
ragh or Monevullagh mountains, which extend from
Cappa, three miles west of Dungarvan. The general
range of these mountains is from south to north : their
sides are wild and precipitous, the lofty rocks and deep
ravines exhibiting extraordinary masses of light and
shade. On the summits of most of them are irregular
piles of stones, many of them of great size, which, from
their peculiar situation, are thought to have been placed
there by the hand of man. Among the mountains are
four lakes, two called Cummelouglis and the others Stil-
loughs, the largest of which covers only five or six acres ;
they contain several inferior kinds of trout, and in the
Cummeloughs are found also char : around these lakes
are some very fine echoes. Connected with the north-
ern extremity of the mountain range is the sterile
district called the Commons of Clonmel, which extends
to the vicinity of that town ; proceeding from which,
however, down the course of the river Suir, is found a
gradually expanding vale of the greatest beauty, parti-
cularly in the vicinity of Curraghmore, the seat of the
Marquess of Waterford. From this vale to the sea-
coast, in a southern direction, the face of the country is
wild, almost entirely destitute of trees, and, except near
the village of Bonmahon, unimproved by any respectable
residence. A considerable range of high land extends
from this part of the coast through the parishes of
Dunhill and Reisk, in which latter it divides into two
branches ; the low land intervening is partially covered
during the winter season with water, which in summer
is confined to the small lake of Ballyscanlan. In this
low land, trunks and roots of trees, chiefly oak and
pine, of considerable size, are found embedded. Hence
the hills extend to the vicinity of IVaterfonl ; and the
entire range is overspread with rocks, forming in some
places very curious groups, especially on the precipitous
heights about Pembrokestown. The barony of Gaultier,
which exhibits a varied though not very elevated sur-
face, is a peninsular tract, appearing to have been at
one period completely insulated in the direction of the
line of marshy land which extends from Tramore bay to
Kilbarry, near Waterford.
To the south of the Cummeragh mountains, from the
parish of Clonea, the land declines in approaching the
sea, and presents a large alluvial tract highly cultivated
and fertile, which entirely encircles the bay of Dungar-
van. But immediately to the south-west of this noble
630
W ATE
inlet rises the elevated tract called the Drum mountain,
which divides the old territory of Decies into Decies
within and without Drum. This mountain comprises a
large tract of land, much of it already cultivated, and
all capable of considerable improvement : the summit
is a table-land extending about twelve miles in length
and from four to five in breadth, and comprising about
25,000 acres. The mountain is supposed by some to
have anciently belonged to the proprietors of the sur-
rounding estates, in common ; by others, in consequence
of its inferior value, to have never been appropriated ;
while a favourite notion among the common people is,
that it was reserved by Queen Anne for the relief of
the poor, of whom great numbers have made settle-
ments on small plots of it. The barony of Decies-with-
in-Drum was cut off by this tract from the rest of the
county, and was formerly accessible only by a circuitous
route, or by attempting the mountain passes, which
were impassable by a loaded carriage. Consequently,
the produce of the land could be conveyed to the neigh-
bouring markets only by sending it coastwise in boats,
or employing horses, that carried it on their backs over
the difficult and dangerous pathways. The mountain
tract was lately decided to be the property of Henry
Villiers Stuart, Esq., now Lord Stuart de Decies. Some
of the finest scenes are presented by the shores of the
Blackwater, throughout its course in the western part of
the county ; wooded heights generally bordering the
broad and navigable stream on each side, and the whole
being enriched by castles, seats, and villages. The ge-
neral superiority of Coshmore and Coshbride, in cultiva-
tion and pleasing scenery, has procured for the barony the
designation of " the garden of the county." The other
western parts of the county, including the small barony
of Glenahiery (so called from the glen of the Nier, a
small river which descends through it into the Suir),
has for the most part an elevated and uninteresting
character, except where the high mountain of Knock-
meledown stands conspicuous to the north of Lismore
and has some picturesque glens descending from its
sides to the Blackwater : its summit commands a pro-
spect of great extent and magnificence.
The COAST presents a variety of interesting features.
Beginning at the Suir, the first remarkable object is the
Little Island, two miles below Waterford, and nearly 12
miles from the sea. The rivers Suir and Ross unite
their waters not far distant with great fulness and ra-
pidity, and at once form a grand estuary nearly three
miles in breadth. Woodstown strand, below New
Geneva, has a low beech ; beyond it the coast is bold
and precipitous, with lofty headlands stretching out
into Waterford harbour. The same character of coast is
continued past the harbour of Dunmore to Brownstown
Head, which forms the eastern boundary of the bay of
Tramore. On this line of coast are several caverns of
natural formation, remarkable for their extent. Next
beyond Brownstown Head is Newtown Head, and be-
tween these is Tramore bay, noted for the shipwrecks
that have occurred in it, and presenting a level beach
and flat coast three English miles in extent. A bar or
mound of sand, raised by the opposing influence of the
tides and the land streams, prevents the further en-
croachments of the sea ; and divides off from the open
bay a part called the Back Strand, containing about
1000 Irish acres, which it is designed to embank and
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\\ A T E
inclose. From the bay of Waterford to that of Diin-
parvan there is no shelter for vessels of any description ;
the shore is rocky and precipitous, and affords only
precarious retreats for the boats of fishermen in a few
coves. The rocks along this line appear to have been
violently separated, the beds being heaped together in
the greatest confusion. Contiguous to the coast, in the
parish of Icane, are the islands of Icane, which are
small masses of rock separated from the main land, and
partially covered with coarse grass. Whiting Head
(near Bonmahon bay, a small inlet formed by the
mouth of the Bonmahon river) is high and steep ; and
to the westward of it is the square island rock of Tem-
plebric, about 100 feet high, on which numbers of sea-
fowl breed. Clonea bay is an extensive sweep of coast,
presenting at low water a vast sandy strand ; the next
great break in the line of coast, which here assumes a
south-western direction, is the harbour of Diingurvan.
From Helwick Head to Mine Head the coast inclines
southward about a league distance, and is high and
rocky, inclosing Muggort's bay. From Mine Head it
runs more directly westward into Ardmore bay, which
has in part a flat shore and is sheltered on the west by
the bold and high promontory of Ardmore, to the west
of which is a point called Ardigna Head, forming the
eastern boundary of Whiting bay, inclosed on the west
by Cabin Point. The low point called Black Ball, about
half a league further, forms the eastern boundary of the
entrance to Youghal harbour, and is the western extre-
mity of the coast of this county.
In an agricultur.vl point of view the county may
be divided into three classes, two-thirds being under
tillage, and the remaining third equally divided between
meadow and pasture, and unimproved mountain and
bog. Wheat, barley, here, oats, and potatoes are the
general crops, except in the mountain land, where the
produce is confined to the two last-named. Clover is
becoming very general ; turnips and vetches are seldom
sown, and flax or hemp only in the headlands or corners
of the field. The manures are chiefly lime, which
abounds in the western parts, and sea-weed and sand
procured in the utmost abundance at Dungarvan and
Youghal. The fences, except in the neighbourhood of
gentlemen's seats, are high banks of earth, with furze
occasionally planted on the top. The most improved
implements and carriages are now in general use ; and
the best breeds of every kind of cattle, when proved to
be suited to the soil, are encouraged. Sheep are less
common than other species of stock. Pigs are to be
met with every where, and though the old Irish breed
may be seen in a few places, those in general demand
are of the best description : goats are also numerous in
the county. There is a great deficiency of timber ; the
ornamental woods and plantations of Curraghmore, Lis-
more, Dromana, and Tourin, those on the banks of the
Blackwater, and the wood on that part of the Suir be-
tween Carrick and Ardfinnan, being all that the county
can boast of, except a few young plantations about the
houses of some of the resident gentlemen. The average
size of tillage-farms is from 30 to 40, and of dairy-farms
from 50 to 70, acres ; butter is the only produce of the
dairy, the making of cheese not being at all practised.
The example of the successful cultivation of poor land
in a mountain district, set by the Trappists at Mount
Melleray (described in the article on Cappoquin), and
631
the opening of roads through that hilly part of the
country, are exciting a strong spirit of exertion in the
vicinity, to attempt improvements in the treatment of
the lands, heretofore deemed impracticable ; the effects
of which have already begun to shew themselves in
the large tracts of land that have been inclosed and
brought into cultivation since the settlement was
made.
The GEOLOGY of the county exhibits no great variety,
nearly the whole being composed of clay-slate, sand-
stone, and some limestone. The elevated region between
the Suir and the Blackwater, comprising the heights of
the Cummeragh and of Knockmcledown, is a table-land
of clay-slate, partly liordered by sandstone, and sus-
taining isolated caps of the same rock. Its outskirts
are marked by Carrick, Clonmel, and Clogheen, on the
north ; and by Kilmacthomas, Dungarvan, and Lismore.
on the south ; on the north, west, and south, it is bounded
by limestone. A border of sandstone approaches close
to the Suir on the south side, from the vicinity of Ard-
finnan to Kilmaiden, four miles west of W'atcrford.
The clay-slate throughout the mountain district is of a
reddish brown, purpleish, or greenish-grey colour ; it
ranges nearly uniformly north-west and south-east, and
dips generally from "0 to 75 degrees to the south and
south-west. Good slates for roofing are raised in the
glen of Ownashad, near Lismore, and in Glen Patrick,
near Clonmel. Not far from the junction of the streams
that form the river Mahon are veins of quartz, compris-
ing granulated lead ore ; and in the same mineralogical
tract, at Kilkeany, near Mountain Castle, is a fine vein
of lead-ore. The rocks to the north of Lismore are also
rich in mineral veins : iron, copper, and lead ores are of
frequent occurrence. Lismore Castle stands on a floetz
limestone rock, which, partly separated from the clay-
slate by a border of fine-grained sandstone, extends in
a narrow range down the vale of the Blackwater, to the
innermost recesses of Dungarvan harbour : in several
places it assumes the character of marble, as at Tourin,
where it is variegated with many colours ; near New
Affane, where it is black and white; in the parish of
Whitechurch, where it is both black and grey, &c.
In the country to the south of this narrow range,
beyond the river Bricky, the clay-slate and sandstone
again prevail in the same relations as to the north : near
the summit of the Drum mountain the white sandstone
partakes of a slaty structure, and bears fossil impressions
of leaves, fern-branches, &c., near which are thin seams
of black slate or coal slate ; but between the Drum
mountain and the coast, limestone again occurs, and
extends into the sea. Mineral veins, containing lead,
iron, and copper ores, were formerly worked on this
side of the Drum, and are said to have been very pro-
ductive. At Minehead and Ardmore very valuable iron-
ore was procured, and converted into the finest steel :
of the copper and lead mines also worked at the latter
place, the ores, from fragments still found, are supposed
to have been very rich.
The eastern portion of the county consists almost
entirely of clay-slate, presenting a disposition of range
and dip nearly approaching to that observed westward.
Limestone, however, imbedded in indurated clay-slate,
is found on the sea-coast, at Lady's Cove, in the im-
mediate vicinity of Traraore ; it is of the primitive kind,
and capable of receiving a very high polish, but is chiefly
W ATE
W A T E
burned for manure. Near Annstown, farther westward,
occur both conglomerate and basalt ; and a range of trap-
rock of a columnar tendency projects into the sea. In the
high laud extending from Dunhill towards Waterford
are occasionally found large masses of very beautiful
jaspar. Along the coast, the rocks are rich in metallic
veins ; and the elevation and abruptness of the cliffs
greatly facilitate their discovery. Lead and copper
ores have been found at Annstown and Bonmahon, near
which the copper-mines at Knockmahon are carried on
most scientifically and expensively by the Mining Com-
pany of Ireland, which has a lease of the royalties of
the district. These mines have the most complete
machinery in Ireland, and give employment to 1000
persous ; the annual produce is from 4000 to 5000
tons, valued at £9 per ton. A lead-mine, the ore of
which contains a considerable portion of silver, in the
parish of Ballylaneen, belongs to the same company ;
but has not yet been worked. In the conical hill of
Cruach, in the parish of Reisk, a rich vein of lead-ore,
containing a large proportion of silver, was formerly
worked to a great extent ; and on the strand of Kil-
murrin, lead-ore containing silver is dug from among
the sand. The south-eastern angle of the county
is wholly composed of sandstone and conglomerate,
throughout a line of coast three leagues in extent. The
sea has in some places laid bare a clear uninterrupted
sheet of the rock, exposed in one plane at low water for
300 yards in length and .50 in breadth. The conglo-
merate of this coast bears all the marks of the detritus
of a primary country ; it sometimes forms a thick and
apparently unstratified mass, resting on finer stratified
sandstone ; and sometimes it is interstratified with
the latter, as well as with very fine-grained reddish-
brown micaceous sandstone, which is of a very perish-
able nature.
Potters-clay is found in numerous places, at Dungar-
van, Ringagonagh, Lismore, and Whitechurch ; pipe-
clay, at Ballyduff near Dromana, and at Ballyntaylor;
ochre, at the last-named place, and in small veins in
various other parts ; and red bole, at Ballyduff. The
sandstone is worked in numerous places for building,
for grindstones, and millstones ; and marl is found, in-
cumbent on the limestone.
The MANUFACTURES are very inconsiderable. Car-
rick-on-Suir was once the centre of a very extensive
manufacture of woollens, chiefly ratteens and stuffs ; but
the trade is now nearly extinct. Linen, though made
in all parts for domestic use, was never an article of
commercial importance. Cotton-manufactories were
established at Cheekpoint and in some other places, all
of which totally failed ; but a factory has been since
erected at Mayfield by Mr. Malcolmson for spinning
and weaving cotton, in which nearly 900 persons are
employed : the cloth is in great demand ; much of it
is shipped for Manchester. At Fairbrook, or Phair-
brook, near Waterford, is an extensive paper-mill, fur-
nishing employment to 150 persons. A large distillery
has been erected at Clashmore. The fisheries are of
much value, and capable of great extension. The em-
bayed nature of the coast renders it the resort of great
quantities of fish of every kind ; the Nymph bank,
about seven miles distant, abounds with immense shoals
of round-fish. Hake, which is the leading object of the
fishery, is taken in the mackerel-season, which com-
632
mences in June. Cod and ling are in season from
October to February, and both are very fine : the former is
chiefly consumed fresh ; thelatter is salted, dried, and sent
principally to Dublin. The most valuable kinds of flat-
fish are taken, in quantities limited only by the want of
a more extensive market. Although herrings visit the
coast yearly, the numbers taken are comparatively in-
significant, scarcely sufficing for the home consumption :
the season is from September to Christmas. The coast
abounds with various kinds of shell-fish. The striking
advantages of situation for the fishery, which the eastern
coast possesses, have not yet been made fully available ;
the villages of Portally, Rathmoylan, Ballymacaw, and
Summerville, are principally occupied by poor fishermen
who are also small farmers and divide their time between
both occupations. The cause of the want of exertion
in this class of men is, perhaps, the deficiency of any
shelter from the prevailing winds from the south and
south-west, to which this coast is greatly exposed ; the
fishermen are compelled to draw up their boats high on
the beach in foul weather, and in violent and sudden
storms, having no safe harbour to resort to, cannot
fearlessly ventiire to any great distance from the shore.
These observations apply to the entire coast, with the
exception of the harbours of Waterford and Dungarvan.
The commerce of the county, consisting of the export of
agricultural produce and cottons, and of the import of
timber, iron, coal, and British and foreign manufactures
and commodities of every kind, is almost wholly carried
on in the city of Waterford.
The principal rivers are the Suir, the Blackwater,
and the Bride. The Suir forms a great part of the
northern, and its estuary the whole of the eastern,
boundary of the county ; it is navigable to the city of
Waterford for vessels of the greatest draught, and to
Carrick for those drawing 1 1 feet. The Blackwater,
formerly called the Awendubh and Avonmore, " the Black
river" and " the Great river," enters the county at its
western extremity, and falls into Youghal bay ; the Rride
from the west is a tributary to it : vessels of 100 tons'
burthen can proceed to the confluence of these rivers.
The Blackwater is navigable for barges of 70 tons to Cap-
poquin, from which a canal was formed by the late
Duke of Devonshire to Lismore, a distance of three
miles ; the Bride, which has a very slow current, and
is affected by the tide throughout the whole of its course
through this county, is also navigable for small craft.
The Neir is a tributary to the Suir. The principal of
the smaller streams which discharge their contents into
the sea are the Tay, Colligein, Mahon, Phinisk, Bricky
(which falls into the head of Dungarvan bay), Clodagh,
and Lickey. The chief line of inland communication is
the road from Waterford to Cork, which forms a trust
and is called a military road ; it is kept in excellent
order by the proceeds of the tolls. Several new lines
have been formed : the principal are, a road from Dun-
garvan to Youghal ; two through the mountains from
Dungarvan to Youghal ; one from Cappoquin into the
mountain region there ; one from W^aterford to Tra-
more, completed in 1836; one from Lismore to Mitch-
elstown ; one from Lismore to Clogheen ; and one from
the new Youghal line to Ardmore.
The county presents vestiges of many periods of
ANTIQUITY, and of various character. At Ardmore is a
very perfect and beautiful ancient round tower. There
W A T E
are remarkable ratlis on the hill of Lismore, at Rath-
gormuck, in the parish of Kinsalebeg, near Youghal,
and at Ardmore, the remains of which last show it to
have been of great extent : many others of less note
are dispersed in various quarters. Circular intrench-
ments, consisting of a small area, defended by a ram-
part and fosse, and called in the language of the country
lis, " a fortified residence," are very numerous, and
appear to form with each other branches from more
important stations that formerly existed at Waterford,
Lismore, Dungarvan, and Ardmore. One of the sepul-
chral mounts called in England " barrows," and here
" duns," is to be seen to the west of Dungarvan ; and
many others occur in different parts. A large double
trench, called by the Irish Riun-ho-Padriuc, " the trench
of St. Patrick's cow," commences to the east of Knock-
meledown, and runs in nearly a direct line across the
Blackwater, and through the deer-park of Lismore,
towards Ardmore, being traceable for sixteen or eighteen
miles ; it corresponds exactly with that extraordinary
work called " The Danes' Cast," which runs through the
counties of Armagh and Down. A second trench from
Cappoquin, through the plain along the side of the
mountains westward into the county of Cork, is called
by the peasantry Clee-duff. Cromlechs exist in the
barony of Gaultier, within five miles of Waterford ; on
Kilmacombe hill ; on Sugar-loaf hill, near Reisk ; at
Dunhill; Gurteen ; near Stradbally ; and other places.
There appear to have formerly existed, within the limits
of the county, 24 religious establishments ; but at pre-
sent vestiges remain of the buildings of those only of
MothiU, Dungarvan, Stradbally, Lismore, and Ardmore.
The castles and fortified houses were very numerous :
there still exist (some of them entire, and the rest in
ruins) that of Lismore, one on the Little Island, one at
Crook, Cullen Castle, and those of Carrickbcg, Bally-
clough, Feddens, Clonea, Darinlar, Dungarvan, Mode-
ligo, Kilbree, Strancally, Conagh, and Castlereagh. The
princely castle of Lismore, the mansion of the Duke of
Devonshire, and that of Curraghmore, the seat of the
Marquess of Waterford, with which is embodied the
ancient castle of that place, are, with the other mansions
and seats of the nobility and gentry worthy of particular
notice, described in the accounts of the parishes in
which they are respectively situated.
Chalybeate springs are particularly numerous in the
barony of Gaultier ; the most efficacious are that at
Monamintra, and that near the " Fairy Bush." The
Clonmel spa, on the Waterford side of the Suir, is a
strong chalybeate ; and the others of the same nature at
all noted are, some very strongly impregnated between
Dungarvan and Youghal ; that of Two-mile-bridge ;
that of Ballygallane, between Lismore and Cappoquin ;
one between Knockmeledown and Lismore ; and one at
Kilmeaden. Tiie vitriolic spas are those at Modeligo
and Cross, the latter in the parish of Kill St. Nicholas.
Among the natural curiosities may be noticed the
numerous caverns, the largest of which are on the
sea-coast. In the little bay of Dunmore is a small
fissure : some distance westward is an immense hole
called the Bishop's cave, upwards of 100 feet long and
24 wide ; and though mare than SO yards from the sea,
it is approachable in a boat at high water. There are
several more caves in this neighbourhood, as at Rath-
moylan and Ballamacaw, and in Brownstown Head.
Vol. II.— 633
w A T !•:
Others of great extent have been worn by the waves
in the rocky shore of Ardmore. In the inland parishes
of Whitechurch, Kilwatermoy, Lismore, and Dungar-
van, the limestone rock contains singular caverns
adorned with stalactites. In the mountains of Cum-
maragh are several large and deep pits, very difficult
of access ; some of tlicm are evidently artificial. This
county gives the title of Marquess to the Bcresford
family, and of Earl to tiiat of Talbot, also Earls of
Shrewsbury, in Great Britain. The barony of Decies
gives the title of Baron to a branch of the Beresford
family.
WATERFORD, a sea-
port, city, and county of
itself, the seat of a diocese,
and the head of a union,
locally in the county of
Waterford, of which it is
the capital, and in the pro-
vince of MuNSTER, 6* miles
(E. by N.) from Cork, and
75| (S. S. W.) from Dublin ;
containing 29,288 inhabit-
ants, of whom 23,216 are in
the city and suburbs. The ^"'"•
ancient name of this place is said to have been (uan na
Griotk or Grian, signifying, in the Irish language, " the
Haven of the Sun ; " it afterwards obtained the appella-
tion of Ghann-nu-Gleodh, or " the Valley of Lamenta-
tion," from a sanguinary conflict between the Irish and
the Danes, in which the former, who were victorious,
burnt it to the ground. By early writers it was called
Menapia, under which name was implied the whole dis-
trict ; and by the Irish and Welsh, Purtlargi, " the Port
of the Thigh " (from the supposed similitude which the
river at this place assumes to that part of the human
body), which appellation it still partly retains. Its more
general name Waterford, which is of Danish origin, and
supposed to be a corruption of fadi't-Fiuni, "the Ford
of the Father, " or of Odin, a Scandinavian deity, was
derived from a ford across St. John's river, which here
falls into the river Suir.
The original foundation of the city is by some writers
referred to the year l.")5 ; but its antiquity as a place of
any importance cannot be traced beyond the year 853,
when it is said to have been built by the Danes or
Ostmen, under their leader, Sitiricus or Sitric. The
city, for that period, was a place of great strength, sur-
rounded with walls ; and the scattered notices of the
colony which are still preserved, shew that the inhabit-
ants maintained among themselves an independent and
sovereign authority, and that they were for a long time
the terror, if not the absolute masters, of a vast extent
of country. Up to the time of the English settlement,
the colony strictly avoided all intimate connexion with
the native inhabitants of the country, and preserved all
its ancient customs, manners, and character, unchanged.
In S93 it is recorded that Patrick, son of Ivor or Imar,
King of the Danes of Waterford, was slain ; and in 937,
that the Danes of Waterford wasted all the county of
Meath. According to the annals of Tigernach, Imar,
King of Waterford, laid waste the county of Kildare ;
and in 995 succeeded AnlaDTc in the occupation of Dub-
lin : he died in the year 1000, and was succeeded, in
1003, by his son Reginald, who built the celebrated
4 M
W A T E
W ATE
tower known by his name, corruptly called Reynold's,
and now the Ring Tower. This tower was erected in
1003, and is said to be the oldest in Ireland : in 1171 it
was held as a fortress by Strongbow ; in 1463 a mint
was estabhshed in it by Edward IV. ; and recently, in
1S19, it was rebuilt and formed into a police barrack.
Another Imar of Waterford is recorded to have been
slain, in 10'2'2, by the King of Ossory, and to have been
succeeded by a second Reginald, styled by the Irish
O'Hiver, who in the same year was killed by Sitric II.
In 1038, Cumana, King of the Danes of Waterford, was
killed by the people of Upper Ossory, or, as is otherwise
stated, by the treachery of his own subjects ; and in the
same year the city was burnt by Dermot Mac-mel
Membo, King of Leinster. It was also burnt in 1087,
by the people of Dublin. The Danes of the place having,
in 1096, embraced the Christian religion, and elected
Malchus, a Benedictine monk who had been for some
time at Winchester, for their bishop ; sent a letter to
Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, to request his con-
secration, which was granted ; and Malchus, on his
return, assisted in the erection of a cathedral, which
was dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and is now called
Christ Church. It appears that, about this time, there
was a mint, a silver coin having been found with the
inscription " Wadter" on the reverse, and attributed to
one of the Danish kings.
In 1171, after the taking of Wexford by Hervey de
Montemarisco and his companions, Raymond Le Gros
landed, in May, at Dundonolf or Dundrone, four miles
from Waterford, with a force of 10 knights and 70
archers, sent as an advance guard by Earl Strongbow,
who had spent the whole of the preceding winter in
preparation for the invasion of Leinster, in support of
the deposed sovereign Dermod M'^Murrough. This
party, for their immediate security, threw up an in-
trenchraent and a temporary fortification, which was
soon attacked by an irregular force of 3000 men, con-
sisting of the Danes of this place and the troops of the
princes of Decies and Idrone. The English retreated
from this formidable superiority of numbers into their
fort, and the Irish pressing closely upon them were
partly within the gates, when Raymond slew their
leader ; upon which, his associates, animated by his
example, compelled the assailants to retire. Raymond
ordered a numerous herd of cattle collected by the Eng-
lish from the adjacent country, to be driven furiously
against the retiring army, which was thus thrown into
confusion ; and seizing the advantage, he rushed with
impetuosity upon the disordered troops, and gained a
complete victory, committed dreadful slaughter, and
returned to the fort with 70 captives, all principal inha-
bitants of the city. These offered large sums for their
ransom, and promised to surrender the city as the price
of their liberty ; but Raymond, listening to the advice
of Hervey de Montemarisco, adopted the barbarous
policy of putting them all to death. Raymond and
Hervey now waited here for the arrival of Strongbow,
who, on the eve of the festival of St. Bartholomew,
appeared in the harbour, and landed with 200 knights
and 1'200 infantry, all chosen men and well-appointed
soldiers. Strongbow was immediately joined by Ray-
mond and his party, and, on the following morning,
marched in military array to attack the city, which had
received considerable reinforcements from the neigh-
634
bouring chieftains, and was prepared for a vigorous
defence. The English were twice repulsed, and twice
returned to the attack, when Raymond, perceiving a
house of timber projecting from the eastern angle of the
city walls, and supported on the outside by posts, pre-
vailed on his men to make a third assault, and direct
their whole force against this quarter. They began by
hewing down the posts ; and the house, falling, drew
away with it such a portion of the walls as made a
breach wide enough to admit the besiegers, who rushed
in, and bore down all opposition ; the city becoming a
scene of indiscriminate carnage and rapine. Reginald.
King of the Danes, and Malachy O'Feolian, Prince of
Decies, had been seized and were just on the point of
being put to death, when the sudden arrival of Dermod
M'^Murrough, King of Leinster, and his forces, with
Fitzstephen and other English leaders, prevented fur-
ther slaughter. Dermod embraced his new associates,
and introduced his daughter Eva to her affianced hus-
band. Earl Strongbow : the marriage being immediately
solemnized, the earl departed with his allies, and, leav-
ing a sufficient garrison in Waterford, proceeded to lay
siege to Dublin.
On his return from the conquest of that city, with the
lordship of which he was invested, Strongbow received
a summons from Henry II., at that time in Normandy,
to attend him. Leaving his forces quartered in Dublin
and Waterford, he obeyed the summons ; and offering
to deliver up to the king these cities and other principal
towns, on condition of having the remainder of his ac-
quisitions confirmed to him and to his heirs, the king
agreed to his proposals, and immediately prepared to
follow him to Ireland. Henry's fleet, consisting of 240
vessels having on board from 400 to 500 knights and
4000 soldiers, arrived in Waterford harbour in October,
1172 ; and on the festival of St. Luke, the king landed
to take possession of the kingdom as its rightful sove-
reign, by virtue of Pope Adrian's bull, and was joyfully
received by the English, and by the Irish nobility who
were in alliance with them. Strongbow immediately
made a formal surrender to the king of the city of
Waterford, and did homage to him for the principality
of Leinster; Henry also received here the submission
of the people of Wexford, and of Dermot M'^Carthy,
King of Cork. He afterwards proceeded to Lismore,
Cashel, Dublin, and other places ; and on his return to
England, aware of its great importance as one of the
principal maritime towns, he left the city of Waterford
in the custody of Humphrey de Bohun, Robert Fitz-
Bernard, and Hugh de Gundeville, with a train of twenty
knights. A new garrison was soon after placed in the
city, which at the same time was greatly enlarged, and
surrounded with new walls ; the old fortifications were
repaired, and strengthened with towers and gates, and
the inhabitants were made freemen by royal charter.
Strongbow, being subsequently invested with the sole
government of Ireland, removed Robert Fitz-Bernard
and his garrison to Normandy ; and agreeably to the
king's instructions, took upon himself the government
of this city, as well as that of Dublin.
In all the predatory expeditions which the English
made into the territories of the natives, this city was
the centre of action in the south, the general rendezvous
of the invaders, and the place in which their spoils were
deposited. Having sustained a considerable defeat in
W A T E
Ossory, Strongbo\' suddenly found himself shut up
here, in equal dread of an attack from without and of
an insurreetion within. From this distress, however,
he was speedily relieved by Raymond Le Gros, who
arrived from England with a fleet of twenty ships,
having on board 20 knights, 100 horsemen, and 300
archers and other infantry ; and uniting his forces with
those of Strongbow, the whole marched to Wexford,
leaving Purcell governor of the city. But Purcell at-
tempting to follow them in a boat on the Suir, was
intercepted and slain by the Danish inhabitants, who
also put to death all the English in the city, except a
few who took refuge in Reginald's Tower, which they
defended with so much resolution and success that the
insurgents yielded up the city to them on conditions
little favourable to themselves. In 1 177, soon after the
arrival of FitzAndelm, as chief governor, in Ireland, an
assembly of the Irish clergy was held in this city, in
which the brief lately granted by Pope Alexander and
the bull of Pope Adrian, granting to Henry II. the
sovereignty of Ireland (under the authority of which
the first act of that monarch was the appointment of
Augustine to the vacant bishopric of "Waterford, the
office of consecration being performed by the archbishop
of Cashel), were solemnly promulgated, and the English
sovereign's title to the dominion of Ireland was declared
in form, with dreadful denunciations against any who
should impeach the grant made by the pope, or resist
the sovereign authority of that monarch. In 1179,
Robert le Poer, governor of Waterford, was associated
with Hugh de Lacy in the government of the English
settlements ; and subsequently received a grant of the
entire county of Waterford, with the reservation of the
city and the cantred of the Ostmen.
Waterford, from its situation and importance, became
the centre of communication with England, as well as
one of the chief places of trade in the island ; and during
the same year, 1179, Robert Fitzstephen, Milo de Cogan,
and Philip de Braos landed here with fresh forces from
England. In the Easter of 118.^, John, Earl of Mor-
ton, son of Henry II., accompanied by Ralph Glanville,
justiciary of England, and other distinguished persons,
and attended with a retinue of 400 or 500 knights and
about 4000 men, disembarked at this port to take upon
himself the office of lord chief governor of Ireland, and
was received with congratulation by the different native
chiefs. The earliest coinage in Waterford of which in-
dubitable evidence remains, is that of John while lord
of Ireland, of which several silver halfpence, weighing
from 10 to lOi grains, are still preserved. After his
accession to the throne of England, John granted to the
citizens, in 1204, a fair for nine days, and in 1206 a
charter of incorporation, apparently in many respects
little more than a recital and confirmation of privileges
previously granted. In 121 1, that monarch landed here
on his way to Dublin to arrange the affairs of the Irish
government ; and during his stay in the city, he ordered
pence, halfpence, and farthings, to be coined there, of
the same standard as in England, to be equally current
in both countries. In the early part of this century
arose nearly all the religious houses that anciently
existed here, of which the Benedictine priory of St.
John's was founded by King John and the others by the
inhabitants. In 1232, Henry III. granted a new char-
ter, in which the election of a mayor is first mentioned :
635
W A T K
the citizens, by this charter, were also empowered to
choose a coroner, and to have a guildhall, a prison, and
a common seal in two portions. In 1252, the city was
burned to the ground ; and in 1280 was so much in-
jured by a conflagration, that it was a long time Ijefore
it recovered its prosperity. In 129'-i, the custody of
the castle and of the county at large was granted to the
heirs of Thomas Fitz-Anthony in the same manner as it
had been enjoyed during King Edward's minority by
John Fitz-Thomas, and subsequently by his cousin,
Thomas Fitz-Maurice, from whom it had been recovered
at law. Edward I. was the next sovereign after John
that coined money here, and several of his pence and
halfpence are still preserved.
On the 4th of September, 1368, the Poers of the
county of Waterford having assembled all their forces,
and being joined by ODriscoll with his galleys and
men, embarked with the intention of plundering the
city. The mayor, informed of their design, prepared to
resist them, and, accompanied by the sheriff of the
county, the master of the hospital of St. John of Jeru-
salem, and a number of merchant strangers and Eng-
lish, sailed towards the enemy in order to give them
battle. A sanguinary conflict ensued, in which the
Poers and O'Driscolls were victorious : the mayor,
sheriff, master of the hospital, 36 of the principal citi-
zens, and 60 of the merchant strangers and English,
were killed ; while on the side of the enemy were killed
the Baron of Don Isle, head of the Poers, his brother,
and many of his sept, besides a great number of the
O'Driscolls. In 1377, in consideration of the heavy
burthens and charges the citizens had sustained in the
repairs of the city, and its defence against the native
Irish and other enemies, Edward III. granted them
the cocket customs of the port for ten years ; at the
same time enjoining them, as the city was exposed and
defenceless towards the sea, to take care that it be
firmly surrounded and provided, and that the quays be
repaired and inclosed ; so that it might be protected
against various enemies who were preparing to attack it
on that side. In consideration of the great expenses of
the citizens in these fortifications, and in defending the
city from the almost daily incursions of the Irish and
of foreign enemies, Richard II. gave them the customs
and dulies upon all goods and merchandise brought
into it for sale. That monarch landed at Waterford,
on the 2nd of October, 1394, with an army of 4000
men-at-arms and 30,000 archers, accompanied by the
Duke of Gloucester, the Earls of Nottingham and Rut-
land, and several other distinguished noblemen ; and
remained here till the following Shrovetide. In 1399
he again landed, and was joyfully received by the inha-
bitants ; after spending six days in the city, he pro-
ceeded to Kilkenny.
In 1413, the mayor and baihffs, in prosecution of
their feud with the Irish sept of ODriscoll, embarked
with an armed force in one of the ships belonging to
the city, and sailed to the chieftain's strong castle of
Baltimore, on the coast of Cork, where they arrived on
the night of Christmas-day. The mayor landed his
men, and, marching up to the castle gate, desired the
porter to tell his lord that the mayor of Waterford was
arrived in the haven with a vessel laden with wine, and
would gladly come in to see him ; upon the delivery of
this me=«aee. the cate was opened, and the whole party
^ 4 M 2
W ATE
W A T E
instantly rushing in, O'Driscoll and all his family were
made prisoners. In 144", the city and the county were
granted to John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, created
Earl of Waterford, with palatine authority ; and in the
same year it was enacted by statute of the 25th of
Henry VI., that it should be lawful for the mayor and
citizens of Waterford, to assemble what forces they
pleased, and to ride in warlike array, with banners dis-
played, against the Powers, Walshes, Grants, and Dal-
tons, who had for a long time been traitors and rebels,
and continually preyed upon the king's subjects of
Waterford and parts adjacent. In 1460, O'Driscoll
persevering in hostilities, all communication between
his country and this or any of the English ports was
rigidly prohibited by act of parliament. This chieftain,
on the invitation of the Powers, whose hostility also
continued without intermission, brought his forces by
sea to Tramore, on the first intelligence of which the
mayor and citizens marched out in battle array to Bal-
lymacdane, where they met with the enemy and gave
them a signal defeat ; 160 of the number were killed,
and several taken prisoners, among whom were O'Drts-
coll-Oge and six of his sons, who with three of his
galleys were brought in triumph to Waterford. Ed-
ward IV. was the last sovereign that coined money
here ; in the 15th of his reign, all the mints of Ireland
were abolished, except those of Waterford, Dublin, and
Drogheda. In 1484, a shipment by some merchants of
Waterford to Sluys, in Flanders, in preference to Calais,
raised the important question of Ireland's being bound
by statutes made in England, which was finally decided
in the affirmative.
In 1487, during the plot for raising Lambert Simnel
to the throne, the citizens, while the insurrection in
that impostor's favour was almost universal, maintained
a firm and unshaken loyalty to Henry VII. The Earl
of Kildare, then lord-deputy, having proclaimed Sim-
nel king in Dublin, sent to the mayor of Waterford,
commanding him to receive the pretender and assist
him with all his forces ; to which, with the advice of
the council, he wrote in return, by a messenger of his
own, that the citizens of Waterford regarded all the
supporters of Simnel as rebels. On the receipt of this
answer, the earl ordered the messenger to be hanged.
He then sent his herald to command the mayor and
citizens to acknowledge and proclaim the new king, on
pain of being hanged at their doors ; they received this
message in the boat, without allowing the herald to
land, and sent back word that they hoped to save the
false king and his adherents the trouble of coming so
far for such a purpose, by meeting him on the road.
Preparations for battle were accordingly made, in which
the Butlers and other septs then in the city, and men
trom several other towns, joined the mayor and citi-
zens ; but the departure of Simnel for England sus-
pended further proceedings : he, however, assembled a
parliament previously to his embarkation, in which he
declared the franchises and the possessions of the city
forfeited. Henry VII., to acknowledge the steady loy-
alty of the citizens, wrote a letter of thanks to them
immediately after the battle of Stoke, and empowered
them to seize the persons and appropriate the goods of
as many of the insurgents as they could secure. Sir
Richard Edgecombe, who, after these disturbances, was
sent with a considerable force to receive new oaths of
636
allegiance from the leading men in Ireland, arrived in
this city from Kinsale, iu June, 1488, and was honour-
ably entertained by the mayor and citizens, to whom
he promised so to represent matters to the king that, in
the event of the Earl of Kildare being again raised to
authority, they should be secured from his resentment,
by an exemption from his jurisdiction. In a parliament
held in 1492, the citizens, who it was stated "had by
false surmises been attainted, by authority of parlia-
ment, in the time of Gerald, Earl of Kildare, lord-
deputy," were formally restored to the enjoyment of
their grants, authorities, and privileges.
In the year 1497, they again testified their fidelity by
communicating to the king intelligence of the arrival of
Perkin Warbeck, at Cork, on a second expedition
against Ireland ; and by formally assuring him of their
loyalty and affection. On this occasion, among other
honours conferred upon the city, was the motto, Urbs
intacta manet Waterford. Pei'kin, being joined by the
Earl of Desmond and his numerous followers, imme-
diately marched with an army of 2400 men to attack
Waterford, which they assailed on the west ; the siege
lasted eleven days, during which time the citizens were
victorious in several skirmishes. Eleven of the enemy's
ships arrived at Passage during the siege, and two of
them landed men at Lombard's weir ; but the troops
were quickly overpowered by the citizens, who killed
many of them, and carried several into the city as
prisoners and beheaded them in the market-place : one
of the vessels was sunk in the river by the cannon on
Reginald's Tower, and the whole of the crew perished.
At length, on the 3rd of August, the enemy, before
daybreak, raised the siege, and retired with great loss
towards Ballycashin ; Perkin embarked at Passage for
England, but was pursued by the citizens with four of
their ships to Cork, thence to Kinsale, and lastly to
Cornwall. In acknowledgment of these distinguished
services, the citizens received two letters from the king,
in the first of which, previously to Perkins apprehen-
sion, he offers them the sum of 1000 marks to secure
his person.
In 1536, Henry VIII. wrote to the mayor and citi-
zens by William Wyse, a gentleman of the city in high
favour at court ; and conferred on them a gilt sword
and a cap of liberty to be borne before the mayor, which
are still carefully preserved. In 1547, Sir Edward
Bellingham, who had been sent over by the Lord Pro-
tector and Privy Council of England, landed here with
an army of 600 horse and 400 foot ; and in 1549 the
Lord-Deputy Sidney, who had encamped at Clonmel,
and was apprehensive of being attacked by the insur-
gent chiefs, sent to the mayor for a few soldiers for
three days ; but the citizens, pleading their privilege,
refused him any assistance. In 1588, Duncannon (on
Waterford harbour) was fortified, in consequence of an
invasion of the Spaniards, who committed great depre-
dations in the counties of Waterford and Wexford. In
April, 1600, the Lord-Deputy came to Waterford, where
he received the submission of some of the Fitzgeralds of
Decies and the Powers. On the accession of James L,
great disaffection prevailed in the city ; and dangerous
tumults arose at his proclamation. In consequence of
these and of similar demonstrations of hostility, the
Lord-Deputy Mountjoy made a progress into Munster,
and, arriving at Grace-Dieu, within the liberties of the
W A T E
W A T E
city, on the 5th of May, 1603, summoned the mayor to
open the gates and admit his majesty's army into the
city ; to which the citizens replied that, by a charter of
King John, they were exempt from having soldiers
quartered upon them, and would admit only the Lord-
Deputy himself. Two Roman Catholic clergymen, in
the habit of their order, and bearing the cross erect,
went into the deputy's camp to defend the conduct of
the citizens. But the Lord-Ucputy threatening " to
draw King James's sword and cut the charter of King
John to pieces, destroy the city, and strew it with salt,"
the citizens opened their gates to him and his army,
and swore allegiance to the new nionarch ; after which,
leaving a strong garrison to keep them in subjection,
Mountjoy departed.
During the civil war which commenced in 1641,
Waterford experienced its full share of calamity. At
the commencement of that year the city was, without
any effort for its defence, surrendered to the son of
Lord Mountgarret ; and the country around was laid
waste by the insurgents, to whose cause the inhabitants
were so attached, that the confederate Catholics had
their printing-press here, under the conduct of a man
named Bourke. In 1646, the pope's nuncio, with a
view of setting aside the peace which had been con-
cluded between the contending parties, summoned all
the Roman Catholic clergy to Waterford, on the ground
of an apostolic visitation, and for the purpose of hold-
ing a national synod. But so opposed to the measure
were the inhabitants, fearing it might compromise the
interests of their religion, that when the heralds came
from Dublin to proclaim it, no one would shew them the
mayor's house ; nor could they, after three days' stay,
obtain from the proper functionaries any other answer
than that the peace ought first to have been proclaimed
in Kilkenny. In 1649, Cro.mwell, having surprised
Carrick, crossed the Suir to besiege Waterford ; and
although his army, from the fatigue it had undergone,
did not amount to more than 5000 foot, 2000 horse,
and 500 dragoons, the terror of his approach had such
an effect on the citizens, who had refused to accept the
troops offered to them by the JI.\rq.uess of Ormonde,
that they sent to consult that nobleman about the con-
ditions on which they should surrender the city. The
marquess, however, assuring them that it rested only
with themselves to do their duty and ensure their
safety, they gladly accepted a reinforcement of 1500
men under General Farrel, and began to prepare for
their defence. The siege commenced on the 3rd of
October ; and Ormonde, struggling against desertion
and other diRRculties, kept together some forces, with
which he hovered between the city and Clonmel. Being
surrounded with batteries and other fortifications, the
city was thought to be sufficiently defended ; and
Cromwell therefore adopted the plan of a tedious in-
vestment as the best mode of attack. On the 'iSrd,
however, he despatched six troops of dragoons and four
of horse to the town of Passage, about six miles to the
south, and these taking possession of the fort which
commanded the river at that place, the communication
between Waterford and the entrance of the harbour was
cut off. The serious inconveniences resulting from the
occupation of this post by the enemy, rendered it neces-
sary to make an attempt for its recovery, for which
purpose General Farrel marched with some troops, ex-
637
pecting to be assisted from the opposite side of the
river by Colonel Wogan, of Duncannon Fort, in the
county of Wexford. He wa.s, however, driven back by
a strong force suddenly detached against him from
Cromwell's army, and would have suffered great loss,
but for the prompt covering of his retreat by the Mar-
quess of Ormonde with a party of only 50 horse, the
citizens having refused any facilities for conducting a
larger body over the ferry. After this failure, the mar-
quess offered to transport his troops from the north to
the south side of the Suir, for the purpose of recovering
Passage, and quartering them in huts under the walls
of Waterford, that they might not be burdensome to
the city, but receive pay and provisions from the coun-
try. But this proposal was also rejected ; and it was
even moved in the council to seize Ormonde's person,
and to attack his troops as enemies. Irritated at their
obstinacy and ingratitude, Ormonde withdrew his army,
and left the citizens to defend themselves, by their own re-
sources, against the vigorous attacks of Cromwell ; their
courage giving way, they declared that, unless they re-
ceived a reinforcement of troops and a supply of pro-
visions, they could make no further resistance. At
length, when the assault was hourly expected, the mar-
quess appeared again with his forces on the north side of
the Suir, and Cromwell having already lost about 1000 of
his men by sickness and the chances of war, prepared
to raise the siege. Ormonde now proposed to cross the
river, and attack the retreating army in the rear ; but
the citizens obstinately urged their objections, from an
apprehension that the city might become the winter-
quarters of his army.
Early in the following June, Waterford was again
besieged by the parliamentary forces, under the com-
mand of Ireton, on whose approach General Preston,
then governor, sent to the Marquess of Ormonde to in-
form him that, unless supplies were immediately for-
warded, he should be obliged to surrender ; these not
being sent, the garrison was reduced to the greatest dis-
tress. Though the siege was begun early in June,
Ireton did not summon the city to surrender till the
25th of July : soon after the besieged made a sally, but
were driven back with loss ; aud a party of musketeers
being sent by the besiegers to burn the suburbs, the
smoke driven by the wind into the city so terrified the
besieged, that they thought the whole army had made
an assault, and began to seek safety by the eastern gate.
Two brothers named Croker, who led the party that
burnt the suburbs, \mder cover of the smoke, which
concealed the smallness of their number, scaled the
walls and marched forward to the main guard, putting
all they met to the sword. The besieged, firmly believ-
ing that the whole of Ireton's army had forced their
way into the city, were seized with a panic, which en-
abled this small party to secure all the great guns and
march w ith them to the western gate, which they opened
to their fellow soldiers, who immediately entered. The
citadel still held out, but, after a protracted treaty,
surrendered on the 10th of August, upon terms favour-
able to the citizens generally, whose persons and pro-
perty were guaranteed from injury. The violence of
the parliamentarian army was chiefly directed against
the churches, works of art, and remains of antiquity;
not even the tombs of the dead being spared from mu-
tilation.
W ATE
W ATE
From this period till the year J656, the old govern-
ment by mayor and sheriffs was superseded by a go-
vernment of commissioners appointed by Cromwell,
whose most devoted partisans had supreme power in
the city. Under these commissioners, orders were
issued prohibiting Roman Catholics from trading either
within or without doors ; high courts of justice were
instituted here as in other cities, for the trial of persons
concerned in the massacre of 1641 ; and under this
usurped authority the public buildings, quays, streets,
roads, and other works, were generally improved.
Colonel Lawrence, the first governor under the parlia-
ment, was succeeded in that office by Colonel Leigh, to
whom, and to the justices of the peace, the lord-deputy
and council issued an order to apprehend forthwith all
Quakers resorting to Waterford, and to ship them either
from the port or from Passage, to Bristol, to be com-
mitted to the care of that city. On the Restoration,
Richard Power was appointed governor of the county and
city of Waterford ; and on the revival of the corporation,
the inhabitants petitioned the Duke (late Marquess) of
Ormonde to be admitted to the enjoyment of the fran-
chise, notwithstanding religious differences ; but so far
from obtaining this object, it was ordered by the lord-lieu-
tenant and council, in I67S, that, with the exception of
some merchants, artificers, and others, they should be
expelled from the city, though many were re-admitted.
During the interval of peace from 1664 to I6SI, the
trade of the port continued to increase rapidly; the
duties paid at the custom-house, at the former period,
amounted to £7044, and at the latter to £14,826.
James IL, on the day after the battle of the Boyne,
arrived at this place, and immediately embarked for
France in a ship which lay in the harbour ready to re-
ceive him. On the "Oth of July, Major-General Kirk
advanced with a body of forces from Carrick, and de-
spatched a trumpeter to the city to summon the garrison
to surrender ; this was at first refused in mild terms,
but soon after, the citizens sent to know the terms that
would be granted, which, being the same as those of-
fered to the garrison of Drogheda, were rejected. The
garrison then demanded the enjoyment of their estates,
the freedom of their religion, and liberty to march out
with their arms and baggage, which being refused, pre-
parations were made for a regular siege ; but on the
25th the garrison was allowed to march out with arms
and baggage, and was conveyed to Mallow. On the
following day King William entered the city, and took
measures to prevent the property of any person from
being damaged ; on his return from the siege of Lime-
rick, he embarked at this port on the 5th of September,
for England. At the close of this century the city is
represented as being in a wretched condition ; the
houses in ruin, the streets filthy and uneven, and the
roads extremely bad ; but, under the management of
successive mayors, it was greatly improved both in
comfort and appearance early in the following century.
In 1732, a tumultuous assembly attempted to prevent
the exportation of corn ; another riotous meeting, occa-
sioned by the scarcity of provisions, took place in 1744,
when the military were called to suppress the riot,
and some lives were lost. In the rebellion of 1798 the
citizens took no part; meetings of United Irishmen
were held here, but the peace of the city was preserved
by the victory gained over the insurgents at Ross.
638
The CITY of Waterford is beautifully situated on the
southern bank of the Suir, about 16 miles from its influx
into the sea. It extends principally along the margin
of the river, having an elevation very little above high-
water mark, except at the western extemity, where it
occupies some high and precipitous eminences, and at
the eastern extremity, where are some more gentle ele-
vations. On the south, bordering on the stream called
John's river, which here falls into the Suir, is a large
tract of level marshy land stretching towards Tramore.
Near the western extremity of the city, and connecting
it with the small suburb of Ferrybank in the county of
Kilkenny, is a bridge of wood, 832 feet in length and 40
in breadth, supported on stone abutments and 40 sets
of piers of oak. This bridge was undertaken by a
company incorporated in 1793, who subscribed £30,000
in shares of £100 each ; and was erected by Mr. Cox, a
native of Boston, at an expense so much below the esti-
mated cost that £90 only were paid on each share of
£100, which now sells for £170: it was begun April
30th, 1793, and opened January 18th, 1794. The com-
pany have a sinking fund for the repair or rebuilding of
the bridge if necessary, and the tolls are let for about
£4000 per annum. Over John's river, which skirts the
city on the east and south-east, are two ancient bridges,
called respectively John's bridge and William-street
bridge ; and also one of modern erection, called Cathe-
rine's bridge, from the ancient abbey of St. Catherine,
near which it is situated. Upon the opposite side of
the Suir are some lofty hills, from which the city is
seen to great advantage, having in front the river, and
the splendid quay extending from the bridge to the
mouth of John's river, one mile in length, with scarcely
any interruption, and forming a remarkably fine pro-
menade. The quay was enlarged in 1705, by throwing
down the city walls on this side, with one of the gates,
which, with the great ditch, formerly divided it into
two portions. The houses lining the quay, though irre-
gular in their style of architecture, form a range of
buildings of lofty and imposing appearance, among
which the tower erected by Reginald the Dane, and now
occupied as a police barrack, is a conspicuous object.
In front of the buildings are a broad flagged footway and
a macadamised carriage road ; the part along the margin
of the river is separated from these, and forms the pro-
menade. At the east end of the city is the Mall, from
which a spacious street has been opened, forming the
principal western entrance on the Cork road. The
streets, with the exception of King-street, in a line pa-
rallel with the quay from the west end to the centre of
the city, and of the line from its termination to John's
bridge, are generally short, narrow, and irregular in
their direction: the number of houses, in 1841, was
3150. The English mails have been changed from Dun-
more to Waterford, causing a great saving of time ; the
first passed up on June 24th, 1837. The city is lighted
with gas by a company of 400 shareholders, who ex-
pended £14,000 in the construction of works ; but from
some defect in the old act of parliament under the pro-
visions of which the public lighting of the city was
vested in the corporation, it cannot be lighted more
than seven months in the year : the amount of the rates
collected for this purpose is about £640 per annum.
On the south-western side of the city are barracks for
artillery, capable of accommodating 129 officers and
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men, and 78 horses, with an hospital for l^ men ; and
also barracks for infantry, which will accommodate
551 ofTiccrs and men, and 9 horses, with an hospital for
30 men.
Thf U'aler/urd [iistitulioii was founded in i8'20, and
consists of 100 proprietors of shares of £10. 10. each,
who contribute one guinea, and of 90 subscribers who
pay two guineas, annually. It is conducted by a com-
mittee, consisting of a president, vice-president, and
seven members, with a secretary and treasurer ; the
weekly meetings, formerly held in Lady-lane, are now
held at the Chamber of Commerce, in King-street, where
arc an increasing library, a reading-room, and a small
collection of minerals. The Literary and Scientific So-
ciety was formed in 183'2, for the dissemination of know-
ledge by means of lectures and essays : this society
possesses a good philosophical apparatus ; and during
the session, which usually commences in December and
terminates in May, essays are read and discussed at the
stated meetings, and public lectures occasionally deliver-
ed by its members. A newspaper was published here
so early as the year 1 729, since which period several
others have successively risen and declined ; at present
there are three in circulation. The Agricultural Society
for the promotion of improvement in agriculture, feeding
of cattle, and agricultural implements, by the distribu-
tion of prizes among the farmers of the district, is hbe-
rally supported and has been of great benefit. The
Horticultural Society, under the patronage of the Mar-
quess of Waterford, was founded in 1833, for promoting
by fair and open competition the culture of every spe-
cies of vegetable production ; it comprehends the ad-
joining counties, and spring and summer shows are
regularly held, when prizes are awarded for the best
specimens of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. The mar-
ket-days for pigs and cattle are Monday and Thursday ;
and fairs are held on May 4th, June 24th, and Oct.
■iSth : the market-house is a commodious and well-ar-
ranged building, erected on a plot of ground adjoining the
river. There are branches of the Bank of Ireland, the
Provincial Bank, and the National Bank.
This place has never been much distinguished for its
MANUF.vcTURES. It had ouce some celebrity for the
weaving of a narrow woollen stuff, which was in great
demand in every part of Ireland, and was also ex-
ported in considerable quantities ; but of this trade, and
also of the hall in which the article was sold, there are
now not the smallest remains. Here were also manu-
factories for salt, smoked sprats ; japanned wares of
various descriptions, a branch established by Thomas
Wyse, Esq. ; and linen and linen-thread, which latter
was celebrated all over Ireland, established here by a
family named Smith, who brought with them a number
of workmen from the north of Ireland. But all these
successively failed ; as has also a glass-bottle manufac-
tory, carried on opposite to Ballycarvet. A glass-manu-
factory of superior description was, however, established
in 1783, and is now conducted by Messrs. Gatchell and
Co., who have a considerable export trade, particularly
to America: about 70 persons are employed. There is
a starch and blue manufactory; also three iron-foun-
dries ; and till within the last few years there was a
manufacture of glue, of which considerable quantities
were sent to England. At the extensive iron-foundry
called the Neptune Foundry, an iron steam-vessel of
639
large dimensions has just been finished; every thing
connected with the building and repairs of steam-en-
gines, boilers, and machinery, is efficiently executed at
these works, which are under the direction of the emi-
nent firm of Malcolmson Brothers. There is a small
establishment for rectifying spirits, and public breweries
have been brought to such perfection as to supersede
any importation from England ; they are conducted on
a scale alTording the means of a considerable export of
beer to Newfoundland, and latterly to England, which
trade is progressively increasing. A coast-fishing com-
pany was established about 184'2.
But it is to its COMMERCE, promoted by the favour-
able situation of its port, that Waterford is principally
indebted for the importance it has maintained from so
very early a period. The liberal policy adopted in 1704
and 170."), of admitting to the freedom of the city foreign
traders of all descriptions, induced several merchants
from Italy, Spain, France, Portugal, Holland, and other
countries to settle here. Before agriculture became so
extensive as it is at present, the principal trade was the
exportation of beef, hides, and skins, not only to the
English settlements but to several ports of Spain ;
cheese also, of an inferior quality, called " MuUahawn,"
was exported in considerable quantities, and an extensive
trade was carried on with Newfoundland. At present
the principal trade is with England, to which is exported
a large quantity of agricultural produce of every kind,
butter, pork, bacon, flour, and all other kinds of pro-
visions ; and since the establishment of steam-packet
communication, great numbers of live cattle have been
sent across the Channel. The value of these exports,
in 1813, was £'2,'200,4.')4. 16. : for several years after-
wards it did not exceed £ 1 ,.500,000, but this decrease was
rather the result of reduced prices than of any diminu-
tion of the quantity. On an average of three years from
1831 to 1834, the quantity of provisions exported an-
nually was, 38 tierces of beef, 880 tierces and 1795 barrels
of pork, 39'2,6 13 flitches of bacon, 132,384 cwt. of butter,
19,139 cwt. of lard, 1.52,113 barrels of wheat, 160,954
barrels of oats, 27,045 barrels of barley, 403,852 cwt.
of flour, 18,640 cwt. of oatmeal, and 2857 cwt. of bread.
Of hve stock the number annually exported, during the
same period, was, on an average, 44,241 pigs, 5808 head
of cattle, and 9729 sheep ; the aggregate value of all
which, with the provisions, amounted to £2,092,668.
The exports of provisions for the year ending July 31,
1845, were as follows: 82,021 live pigs, areraging two
cwt. each ; 248,807 pigs, manufactured into 497,613
flitches of bacon of "2 lb. each ; and 2695 pigs, manu-
factured into barrel pork : 131,805 cwt. of butter, and
30,072 of lard; 124,179 barrels of wheat of 2^ cwt.
each, 207,147 barrels of oats of 14 stone each, 7986
barrels of barley of 16 stone each, 693,800 cwt. of flour,
and 4418 cwt. of oatmeal : the whole making a grand
total of 101,955 tons of provisions. The principal im-
ports are tobacco, sugar, tea, coffee, pepper, tallow, pitch
and tar, hemp, flax, wine, iron, potashes, hides, cot-
ton, dye-stuffs, timber, staves, saltpetre, and brimstone,
from foreign ports ; and coal, culm, soap, iron, slate,
spirits, printed calico, earthenware, hardware, crown
and window glass, glass bottles, bricks, tiles, gun-
powder, and bark, from the ports of Great Britain.
The gross estimated value of the imports in a recent
year was £1,274,154, whereof £66,630 were for coal.
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slates, &c. ; £27,659 iron and other metals, hardware,
machinery, &c. ; £665,386 woollens, cottons, silks, &c. ;
£153,66* tea, coffee, and sugar; £5750 wines;
£ 1 02,900 tobacco ; and the remainder in various other
articles.
Notwithstanding the extent of its export trade, and
the importation in return of foreign produce of every
kind, the merchants and traders until recently invested
little property in shipping of their own, but chiefly em-
ployed English shipping; and even till the year 1820,
the port was considered one of the worst in Ireland, in
respect of the accommodation it afforded for repairing
ships. This disadvantage was at length removed by the
construction of a dockyard on the bank of the river,
opposite to the city ; into which vessels of any burthen
may be drawn completely out of the water for repair, and
in which have been built several vessels that are much
admired for beauty of model and soundness of work-
manship. The trade of the port has been also much
promoted by the Chamber of Commerce, incorporated
by act of parliament in 1815 : the building in King-
street, is large and commodious. The ground floor is
occupied by the offices of the Harbour Commissioners,
and the Pilot-office ; and there are a news-room and a
reading-room and library belonging to the Waterford
Institution : the upper part of the building is occupied
by railway engineers. A Savings' Bank has been lately
built opposite the Chamber of Commerce.
The numerous and peculiar advantages which Water-
ford enjoys for the extension of its commerce, are still
but beginning to be fully known and appreciated. The
river Suir is navigable for ships of very large burthen,
having sufficient depth of water to allow vessels of 800
tons to discharge their cargoes opposite to the Custom-
house. About two miles below the city is an island
called the Little Island, in the form of an equilateral
triangle ; and in the King's channel, which embraces
two sides of this island, is the greatest depth of water,
but from its position it requires particular winds to
work through it, and it is also rendered dangerous by a
sunken rock, called the Golden Rock. In the other
channel, which is designated the Ford, and which is
both the shorter and more direct passage, there was
formerly a depth of only two feet at low water. This
great disadvantage naturally attracted the attention of
mercantile and nautical men; and in 1816, through the
exertions of the Chamber of Commerce, an act was
obtained for deepening, cleansing, and otherwise im-
proving the port and harbour, for supplying ships with
ballast, and for regulating the pilots. Under this act
the management is vested
in 24 commissioners, 12 of
whom are nominated by the
Chamber of Commerce, 7 by
the Corporation of the city,
and 5 by the Commercial
Association of Clonmel.
Agreeably with its provi-
sions, arrangements were
speedily made for deepening
the channel of the Ford, and
this was so effectually ac-
complished that there is ^^"^ "f "'^ ^^'"''"
now at high water of ordi- missioners.
nary spring tides a depth of 21 feet. The expense of
640
Co
this improvement amounted to £21,901, towards which
government contributed £14,588, and the remainder
was paid from duties levied on the shipping under
the authority of the act ; there are now two excellent
pilot-boats, each of 40 tons' burthen.
During the latter years of the war, the average num-
ber of ships which annually entered the port was 995,
of the aggregate burthen of 91,385 tons; but on the
sudden transition from war to peace, and more especially
from the alteration in the navigation laws, which en-
abled the colonial settlements, particularly Newfound-
land, to procure from the cheaper markets of the con-
tinent those supplies of provisions which they had
exclusively obtained from the mother country, the trade
of the port was niaterially diminished. Since the deep-
ening of the Ford, however, and the reduction of the
port duties, the trade has been increasing; in 1825, the
number of ships that entered the port was nearly equal
to the former, and the trade has since continued to make
rapid advances. In the year ending Jan. 5th, 1835, 57
British ships, of the aggregate burthen of 11,489 tons,
and 5 foreign ships, of 984 tons aggregate burthen, en-
tered inwards ; and 28 British ships, together of 4658
tons, and 1 foreign vessel of 169 tons, cleared out from
this port, in the foreign trade. During the same
period, 1376 steam- vessels, coasters, and colliers, of the
aggregate burthen of 154,004 tons, entered inwards, and
1028, of the collective burthen of 123,879 tons, cleared
outwards, from and to Great Britain ; and 132 of 6136
tons' aggregate burthen entered inwards, and 170 of
6848 tons cleared outwards, from and to Irish ports.
The number of ships registered as belonging to the port,
in the same year, was 115, of the aggregate burthen of
11,986 tons: in 1844, the tonnage had increased to
21,995. The amount of duties paid at the custom-house
for 1835, was £135,844. 12.; for 1836, £137,126. 7-;
and for 1843, £177,554. The amount of excise duties
collected within the revenue district of Waterford, for
the first-named year, was £60,835. 12. : the district
comprises the towns of Dungarvan, Lismore, &c., in the
county of Waterford ; Thomastown, Graigue, &c., in the
county of Kilkenny ; and Wexford, New Ross, &c., in
the county of Wexford.
The quay, in the centre of which is the custom-house, a
neat and commodious building, presents a very brilliant
appearance at night, having two ranges of gas-lights, of
which that on the verge of the quay is provided by the
Harbour Commissioners out of the fees and emoluments
of the water-bailiff's office, by agreement with the cor-
poration ; the benefit of these lights has been experi-
enced in a very high degree by vessels loading and
unloading by night. The commissioners have esta-
blished a quay and river watch, which has been very
useful in the protection of property and the preservation
of human life : it appears that, since its establishment
in 1822, not less than 300 persons have been saved from
drowning ; and scarcely a night passes, when it is
dark and boisterous, without a life being saved. They
have also made a complete survey, and published a chart,
of the coast for 12 miles to the east and west of Hook
lighthouse, for the purpose of making Waterford more
known to mariners as an asylum harbour. A dredge-
vessel is at work, to clear the mud from the quays and
river, and render the accommodation to the shipping
still better than heretofore. The port affords peculiar
W ATE
W A T E
facilities to stoam-vcssels of the larger class, which, from
the great depth of water in the river, arc not obliged, as
in most other parts, to wait at the harbour's mouth for
high water, but can approach the quay at any period of
the tide. Tiie commissioners have placed vessels or
hulks about 60 or "0 feet from the edge of the quay,
with a strong gangway or bridge from 10 to 12 feet
wide, and fenced with iron railings, reaching from the
hulks to the quay, which, having one extremity restiiit;
on the hulk, rises and falls with the tide j by this means
the steamers can discharge or receive a cargo even at
low water, without the labour of throwing out or taking
up an anchor, merely by making fast to the moorings
close to the hulks. Steam-vessels of a superior class
sail regularly, three times in the week, with goods, pas-
sengers, and live stock, to Bristol and Liverpool ; and,
being able to enter or leave the river at any state of the
tide, have an opportunity of arranging their time of
sailing so as to take advantage of the time of high water
in other less favoured ports : hence, passengers are not
more than one night at sea, the passage being usually
made, except in extreme eases, in 18 or '24 hours. The
geographical situation, with the natural and acquired
advantage of the port, and the moderate rate of duties,
render it a very desirable station for the East India and
China free trade, which was lately introduced, the Messrs.
Kehoe having imported tea direct from China.
The harbour is 4'2 leagues from the Land's End, in
Cornwall, to the lighthouse on the peninsula of Hook,
which lies N. ^ E. When making for it from the south
or east, it is necessary to keep Slievenaman, a remark-
able mountain inland, N. E. i N., or the Great Salter
Island E. S. E., till the lighthouse is seen on the east
side of the harbour : Hook Point must be kept at the
distance of a cable's length, to avoid falling into ir-
regular streams of tide that run near it ; the west side
of the harbour is deep along shore as far as Credan's
Head, and shews a red light at Dunmore pier. Passing
the Hook, anchorage may be obtained with a flood tide
or leading wind at Passage.
In 1845. an act was passed for the construction of
a railsvay from this city to the city of Limerick : this is
a new undertaking, to supply a line for which an act
was passed in 18'26, but which was not carried into
effect. Part of the present line is to be constructed for
the joint use of this and the Great Southern and Western
railway. The main line is nearly 7* British miles long,
and a branch to the upper part of Waterford one mile ;
the capital of the company is fixed at £7')0,000, with a
power of raising £250,000 by loan. In 1 845, also, an act
was passed for a railway from Waterford to Kilkenny,
with a branch to Kells, in the county of Kilkenny : the
length of the main line of this undertaking will be 31
miles; the capital is fixed at £'250,000, with power to
raise an additional sum of £83,000 by Ician.
The city first received a charter of incorpor.4TION
from King John, who, on the 3rd of July, 1205,
granted the city, its port, and all appurtenances, to his
I itizens of Waterford, witli murage and all free customs,
liberties, and privileges, enjoyed by the burgesses of
Bristol. Hairij III., by repeated writs to the Arch-
bishop of Dublin, and to his lord justiciary of Ireland,
confirmed this grant ; and in the I6th of his reign, by
a new charter, gave the whole of the city to be held by
the citizens at a fee-farm rent of 100 marks, with
Vol. II.— 641
exemption from toll, lastage,
pontage, pa^^sage, and other
/^n'/y«J»!Uhl1 .•v -^p« i'fnunities. Edward II., in
^t^C,^ipt)-^^ik^(^ '^'^i'' ratified the preceding
lf^Mls^.'\ ^ ^■''"■•''-■'•' """^ '»>•*' •' g'-a"'«'d
>siiS^^[^X,El'!-.V, the citizens certain customs
for murage for seven years,
to assist them in fortifying
the town. Edward HI., by
writ issued in the '2nd of
his reign, directed that the
mayor should be annually
elected by the citizens, and
sworn in before the commons, unless the Lords Justices,
or one of the barons of the exchequer, might be in the
city at the time. The same monarch, in the 30th of his
reign, confirmed by charter all previous grants, and in
the 38th and 45fh extended the privileges of the port;
in 13*7 he bestowed the custom called Cockct, for ten
years, on the citizens, for the repair of the quays and in-
closing the city. Richard II., in l;S80, confirmed the
charter of Henry III. ; and in the following year granted
the corporation licence to sell wine, and, in 1385, all the
customs of things sold here for 24 years, to be expended
on the fortifications of the city.
Henry IV. ratified all previous charters, and also
granted certain annual sums from the cockct, for
strengthening the walls, ilcnry l\ confirmed the grants
made by his predecessors, and by charter, in the 1st of
his reign, appointed the mayor the king's escheator ; to
have, with the commons, cognizance of all pleas of
assize, and other privileges and immunities ; which were
confirmed by Henry VI., who also granted £30 per an-
num from the fee-farm rent, to be applied for 30 years
to the repair of the walls and fortifications. Edward IV.
gave the citizens a charter, conferring some additional
privileges, among which was that of bearing a sword
before the mayor; Ilcnry VII. granted the mayor and
corporation the power to have a gallows and a prison,
and appointed the mayor and bailiffs justices for gaol
delivery in all cases of felony, treason, and other crimes.
Henry VIII., Edward VI., and .Mary, severally granted
confirmatory charters ; and Elizabeth, in the 9th of her
reign, by letters-patent, granted the privilege of electing
the mayor and bailiffs annually, and of choosing a re-
corder, town-clerk, sword-bearer, and various other
officers. In the I6th of her reign, she granted the citi-
zens a new charter, constituting the city, with all lands
belonging to it, a county of itself under the designation
of the City and County of the City of Waterford, and or-
daining that the corporation should consist of a mayor,
two sheriffs, and citizens. By another charter in the
25th of her reign, the queen bestowed on the corporation
the lands of the grange, Ballytrokeele, and the new-
town adjoining Waterford on the south side (containing
100 acres), with the abbey of Kilkellen and its demesnes
on the north side.
In the 5th of James I., the citizens, who had refused
to proclaim that monarch's accession to the throne,
were served with a writ of Quo Warranto, to which
they pleaded the several grants previously enumerated ;
and their plea with some small alterations and omis-
sions, as " by the king's privy council were thought fit. "
was allowed. The charter having nevertheless remained
in the hands of the monarch, as forfeited, was, after a
4N
W A T E
W A T E
disclaimer by the citizens in a Quo Warranto, restored
by patent under the great seal of England, on the 26th
of May, 16-26, in the "2nd year of the reign of Charles I.
It was explained and amended by a supplementary one
granted by the same monarch, in 1631, and was till
1840 the governing charter. It conferred upon the
mayor and council the returns of assize, precepts, bills,
and warrants, the summons and escheats of the ex-
chequer, and the precepts of itinerant judges ; a grant of
the city and various lands, with all other possessions of
\Thich the corporation had formerly been seized, to be
held for ever in free burgage at the usual rents ; and a
grant of the site and precincts of the abbey of Kilculli-
heen, with all its possessions and numerous parsonages,
to be held in fee-farm at the rent of £59. 1. 8. per
annum. The same charter granted to the corporation,
for ever, the harbour of Waterford, from the entrance
between Rodybank and Rindoan to Carrigmagriffin, and
as far as the sea ebbed and flowed, with all its waters,
soil, and fisheries ; the office of admiralty, and an admi-
ralty court, reserving to the Lord High Admiral of
England and Ireland all pirates' goods and wrecks of
the sea ; the power of taxing the inhabitants for all
public charges and works ; of forming themselves into
guilds and fraternities, similar to those of Bristol ; of
taking murage custom, and of having a corporation of
the staple, to be governed by a mayor of the staple and
two constables ; of holding courts or councils, once
every week, for the conduct and government of the
orphan children left to their charge by deed or will ; of
receiving the cocket customs and half the prisage of
wine, together with all waifs, strays, felons' goods, and
deodands ; and of having a gaol under the custody of
the sheriffs ; with many other privileges.
Under this charter the
GOVERNMENT of the city was
vested in a mayor, eighteen
aldermen, eighteen assist- A'^^^^^^^^^^i
ants, a recorder, and two jio^^P^^aa^^ffi?^,^'^'')
sheriffs (who altogether con- X^^kJS^^^^ jLlaj >f'.?
stituted the common coun- " ^'
cil), a coroner, clerk of the
crown and peace, a town-
clerk, notary public, mares-
chal, water-bailiflF, searcher,
ganger, sword-bearer, four
Serjeants -at -mace, consta-
bles, and other officers. The mayor was chosen from
among the aldermen annually on the Monday after the
Visitation of the Blessed "Virgin, by a majority of the
common council, and was sworn into office before his
predecessor, or, in his absence, before the council, on
the Michaelmas-day following. The sheriffs were chosen
at the san.e time from among the assistants, by which
body the recorder was appointed ; all the other officers
of the corporation were chosen by the mayor and
council, except the serjeants-at-mace, who were ap-
pointed by the mayor and sheriffs. The mayor, the
recorder, and the four senior aldermen were justices of
the peace within the city and county of the city, and
also within the county of Waterford. The freedom was
inherited by birth, and obtained by marriage with a
freeman's daughter, or by apprenticeship to a freeman ;
the citizens were exempted from all toll, lastage, portage,
pontage, murage, and other duties throughout the realm.
642
Mat/or's Seal.
Under the Municipal Reform act, 3rd and 4th Victoria,
cap. lOS, the city is divided into five wards, and is
governed by a mayor, ten aldermen, and 30 councillors,
each ward electing two aldermen and six councillors ;
the mayor is elected annually from either the aldermen
or councillors, on the 1st of December, and is sworn
into office on the 1st of January following, before his
predecessor and the council. A sheriff is appointed
annually by the Lord Lieutenant, in the same manner
as sheriffs of counties at large ; and there are also a
town-clerk, treasurer, clerk of the peace, coroner, and
other officers. The city first sent members to parlia-
ment in the year 1374, apparently by prescriptive right,
as no grant of the elective franchise is found in any of
its charters ; from that period it continued to send two
members to the Irish parliament till the Union, from
which time it returned only one to the Imperial parlia-
ment, till the passing of the act of the ^nd of William
IV., cap. 88, which restored its original number. The
right of election is vested in the resident freemen, the
£10 householders, freeholders, and in £20 and £10
leaseholders for the respective terms of 14 and 20 years ;
the 40s. freeholders retain the privilege only for life.
The number of registered electors in 1841 was 1499, of
whom 31 were £.50, 19 £20, 5 £10, and IS 40s., free-
holders; 1 £50 rent-charger; 17 £20, and 4 £10, lease-
holders ; 853 £10 householders; and 551 freemen.
The old corporation held a court of record before the
mayor and recorder, or their deputy, on Monday and
Friday in every week, or as often as might be thought
necessary, for the determination of all pleas arising
within the city and county of the city to any amount ;
but on the Municipal act coming into operation, the
town council not petitioning the Lord Lieutenant to re-
institute the court, as allowed by the act, it altogether
ceased. There were also a civil-bill court, for the sum-
mary recovery of debts exceeding 40s. and not exceed-
ing £10, in the first weeks respectively after the 6th of
January, Easter, the 7 th of July, and 29th of September;
a court of conscience before the ex-mayor, who pre-
sided in it for one year after the expiration of his mayor-
alty, for the recovery of debts under 40s. ; and a court
in which the mayor was sole judge, held for the decision
of all claims for wages to the amount of £3 by in-door
servants, and of £6 by out-door servants ; these cases,
however, were frequently referred to the petty-sessions.
The assizes for the county are held here twice in the
year, the mayor being always joined in the commission.
The quarter-sessions for the county of the city were
held usually about 15 times in the year, before four of
the senior aldermen, among whom the mayor and re-
corder were always included : they are now held before
the assistant-barrister for the county, the mayor, and
borough justices appointed by the crown. The charter
also granted the corporation a court leet, with view of
frankpledge, to be held twice in the year ; and a court
of admiralty ; but neither is now held.
The town-hall is a handsome building, in the Mall,
contiguous to the Bishop of Cashel's palace : the front,
which is of stone, is of elegant simplicity of design, and
of just proportion ; the principal entrance leads into the
public hall, which was formerly resorted to by the
merchants as an exchange. The building contains the
mayor's office, court of conscience, chamberlain's office,
town-clerk's office, council-chamber, and two spacious
W ATE
^v A T !•:
rooms used on public occasions. The court-house, and
the city and county gaols, occupy a considerable space
of ground near the spot where St. Patrick's gate stood,
and are handsomely fronted with granite. The court-
house, which is in the centre, was designed and executed
by James Gandon, Esq., on the recommendation of
Howard, the philanthropist ; the entrance leads into a
hall, from which are seen the interiors of the city and
county courts, which are well arranged and lighted, but
on a scale too confined to atl'ord suitable accommoda-
tion to the public. The gaols, though of modern erec-
tion, are not well adapted for general classification ; the
city gaol comprises 14 cells, and the county gaol has 8.5
cells, seven day-rooms, three working-rooms, and four
airing-yards (in one of which is a treadmill), being suf-
ficient to receive the average number of prisoners com-
mitted. The prisoners are clothed, and employed in
various kinds of work ; and the females are under the
superintendence of a matron. The penitentiary, or
house of correction, built in the south-western suburbs
in 18'20, at an expense of £4990, occupies a spacious
quadrangular area inclosed with a wall : at one ex-
tremity is the governor's house, round which are ranged
the various cells in a semicircular form ; behind the
cells are gardens and ground in which the prisoners are
regularly employed. There are in all 4 1 cells, with day-
rooms and airing-yards, in one of which is a treadmill,
adapted to four distinct classes ; the whole prison is
under a regular system of disciphne and employment,
and a school is maintained for the instruction of male
prisoners. The constabulary police force stationed in
the city and liberties comprises one sub-inspector, one
head-constable, 9 constables, and 43 sub- constables,
with four horses ; the expense of whose maintenance, in
1S42, was £'229'2.
The city is the seat of a
DIOCESE, founded originally
about the close of the 11th J^
century by the Ostmen of "^
Wateri'urd, soon after their
conversion to Christianity
For the office of bishop tliLy
chose 3/(//f/iHs, who had Ixcn
a Benedictine monk of Win-
chester, and whom they sent
to England to be consecrated
by Anselm, Archbishop of j^^^^^ ^^^. ^f^^ ,^,^^, b,,,;,,,,,,.;,..
Canterbury. Malchus en-
tered upon his episcopal office in 1096, and died in
1110: of his two immediate successors, nothing worthy
of notice occurs ; after the distribution of the four palls
by Cardinal Paparo, Augusline, the third in succession,
was appointed bishop in a council at Windsor, in 1175,
and was sent by the king to Ireland, to be consecrated
by his proper metropolitan, Dunat, Archbishop of Cashel.
David, the second in succession to Augustine, was con-
secrated in 1204, and, in addition to his own, seized the
temporalities of the adjoining see of Lismore, but was
assassinated in 1'209 ; Robert, who succeeded to the
prelacy in 1210, pursuing the same policy as his pre-
decessor, laid the foundation of continual feuds between
the two sees, which were carried on with fierce and
rancorous hostility. Stephen of Fulburn, who was con-
secrated in 12*3, was in the following year made trea-
surer, and afterwards lord justice, of Ireland ; he
643
caused a new kind of money to be coined. Du-ing the
prelacy of Tliomns Le Reve, who succeeded in 1 l63, Ihc
sees of Lismore and Waterford were consolid ited by
Pope Urban V. ; and this union, which had be n long
contemplated and frequently attempted without success,
was confirmed by Edward III. Huf^h (ion-, who was
consecrated bishop of the united sees in 1666, expended
large sums in repairing and beautifying the cathedral ;
and bequeathed £300 for bell.s for the churches of Lis-
more and Clonmcl, and £1200 for the erection aud en-
dowment of an almshouse for ten clergymen's widows,
to each of whom he assigned £ 10 per annum. Nathaniel
Foij, made bishop in 1 69 1 , greatly improved the episcopal
palace, and bequeathed funds for the erection and en-
dowment of a school of 50 children, afterwards extended
to 75 ; and for the improvement of the estates ; the
surplus funds to be applied to clothing and apprenticing
the scholars. The two sees continued to be held to-
gether till the passing of the Church Temporalities' act
in the 3rd and 4th of William IV., when, on the de-
cease of Dr. Bourkc, both were annexed to the see of
Cashel, and the temporalities became vested in the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners.
The diocese is one of the sixteen that constitute the
ecclesiastical province of Dublin, and comprehends the
eastern portion of the county of Waterford; it is 13
miles in length and 9 in breadth, comprising an esti-
mated superficies of 3 1 ,300 acres. The lands belonging
to the see comprise 8000 acres ; and the gross revenue
of the two united sees, on an average of three years end-
ing Dec. 31st, 1S3I, amounted to £4.323. '. In 1844,
the revenue was £3921, paid to the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners. The chapter consists of a dean, precentor,
chancellor, treasurer, and archdeacon who has no vote.
Formerly there were the prebendaries of Kilcornan.
Rossduffe, Corbally, and St. Patrick's Waterford, and
four chaplains; and about the beginning of the 13th
century. King John endowed the cathedral with lands to
the value of 400 marks, for the support of 12 canons
and 12 vicars ; but the estates were so wasted in the
different wars, that the four great dignitaries had not
sufficient to maintain them in comparative decency ;
and Edward IV., on their petition to that effect, granted
them a mortmain licence to purchase lands of the yearly
value of 100 marks. The economy fund, in I6l6,
amounted to 100 marks; at present it is £144 per
annum, a sum very insufficient for the repairs of the
cathedral and the payment of the salaries of the choir
and other officers. The consistorial court consists of a
vicar-general, surrogate, registrar and deputy-registrar,
apparitor, a proctor of office, and two other proctors.
The diocese contains 34 parishes, comprised in 13 bene-
fices, of which 1 1 are unions of two or more parishes,
and two single parishes ; 4 are in the patronage of the
Crown, 8 in that of the Bishop, and the remaining one
wholly impropriate : the total number of churches is 8,
and of glebe-houses, 7-
The C.^THEDRAL, dedicated to the Holy Trinity and
commonly called Christ Church, was originally built by
the Ostmen of Waterford in IO96, and the ancient edi-
fice was standing till 1773. It was a venerable struc-
ture, with the parish church of the Holy Trinity and the
chapel of St. Nicholas (used as a vestry) at the east end,
and having two other chapels, one on the south and the
other on the north side, the former of which was used
4X2
W A T E
W ATE
for a consistory court. The present church, which is
parochial, was erected under the authority of a com-
mittee appointed by the corporation, and superintended
by the dean and chapter, at the expense of £5397, de-
frayed by a grant from the corporation, the tithes of
Cahir bequeathed by Bishop Gore for the repairs of
churches in this diocese and in that of Lismore, the
produce of the sale of pews, and private subscription.
It is a handsome structure, partly built with the mate-
rials of the old church, in the modern style of architec-
ture, with a lofty and much ornamented steeple rising
from the west end ; the whole length is 1*0 feet, and
the breadth .58 feet. The western entrance has on one
side the consistorial court, and on the other the vestry,
and above these are apartments for a library ; between
the entrance and the body of the church is a spacious
vestibule, in which are preserved some of the monuments
of the old cathedral. That portion of the building
which may be called the church is 90 feet long and 40
feet high, and consists of a nave and aisles, separated
by ranges of columns supporting galleries. In 1815, an
accidental fire materially injured the building, and de-
stroyed the organ; but it was restored in 1818 at a
very great e.vpense, towards which £2000 were granted
by the Board of First Fruits. Among the monuments
in the vestibule are, one to the Fitzgerald family,
erected in 1770; a very neat monument to Mrs. Susan-
nah Mason, erected in 1752; and one to Bishop Foy :
among those of more modern erection is a tablet to the
memory of Bishop Stock, who died in 1813. In the
churchyard are two remarkably ancient monuments ;
one to James Rice, mayor in 1469; the other bearing
the figure of a man in armour, but without date or in-
scription. James Rice, about the year 1482, built a
chapel 22 feet square against the north side of the
cathedral, and dedicated it to St. James the Elder and
St. Catherine ; this, with another chapel to the east of
it, and the chapter-house, was taken down about 60
years since, in order to enlarge the churchyard. The
bishop's palace is situated on the south side of the open
space that surrounds the cathedral, and is a handsome
building of hewn stone : the front towards the Mall is
ornamented with a fine Doric portico and enriched
cornice ; the other, facing the churchyard, has the door-
way, window cases, and quoins in rustic work. The
Deanery-house, and also a building for the accommoda-
tion of clergymen's widows, called the Widows' Apart-
ments, are situated in the same space.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the two united sees
form one of the seven bishoprics suffragan to the archie-
piscopal see of Cashel ; they comprise 35 parochial
benefices or unions, and contain 78 chapels, served by
89 clergymen, of whom, including the bishop, 35 are
parish priests, and 54 coadjutors or curates. The paro-
chial benefices of the bishop are Trinity Within and St.
John's, in the former of which are the cathedral and the
bishop's residence.
The ancient county of the city, or present parlia-
mentary borough, from the peculiar situation of the
town on the northern confines of the county of Water-
ford, was made to include a portion of land on the
north of the river Suir, formerly belonging to the
county of Kilkenny ; and by the charter of Charles I.,
the boundaries comprise the great port and river up
to Carrick, that part of the county of Kilkenny con-
644
tained in the parish of Kilculliheen, all the lands on the
opposite bank of the river in the parishes of Kilbarry
and Killoteran, and the town of Passage ; comprehend-
ing together 96S3 statute acres, of which several hundred
acres are occupied by the city aud suburbs. The rural
districts present no great peculiarity of character : the
northern part chiefly consists of high grounds, com-
manding fine views of the city ; and on the opposite side,
especially on the banks of the river above the city, are
some elevated lands, except near the course of John's
river, where is an extensive level of marshy land. The
prevailing substratum is argillaceous schistus, with
silicious breccia near the summits of the hills, over
which red sandstone frequently occurs : sienite and
hornblende are found at Kilronan ; talcous slate near
Knockhouse ; lydian stone on the road to Annestown ;
hornstone and jasper, alternating with flinty slate, in
the same neighbourhood ; and serpentine, resting on a
blueish-black quartzose rock, at Knockhouse. The face
of Bilberry rock, over the river Suir, above the city, pre-
sents a very interesting section, in which, in addition to
the above-named minerals, are veins of quartz, com-
prising a considerable quantity of micaceous iron-ore
and scalygraphite, both passing into oxyde of iron and
jasper, and in some places forming, with the quartz, a
beautiful jaspery iron-stone ; brown crystallised quartz,
with minute crystals of chlorite ; red ochre in
abundance ; sulphate of barytes ; oxyde of titanium ;
bituminous shale ; talcous slate ; and arsenieurate of
iron. The principal gentlemen's seats in the vicinity
are. New Park, the residence of the late Rt. Hon. Sir
John Newport, Bart., who represented this city in par-
liament for a series of years ; Belmont House, of Sir
Henry W^inston Barron ; Mullinabro' ; May Park ; Bel-
mont ; Mount Pleasant ; Ballinamona ; Killaspy ; Belle-
vue ; Bishop's Hall ; Faithlegg House ; Woodstown, of
Lord Carew ; Woodstown, of the Earl of Huntingdon ;
Summerfield ; Harbour View; Droniona ; Grantstown ;
and Blenheim Lodge.
The parliamentary borough comprises the parishes
of Trinity Within, Trinity Without, St. Michael, St.
Olave, St. Peter, St. Stephen, St. Patrick, St. John
Within, St. John Without, Killoteran, Kilbarry, and Kil-
culliheen ; the three last are entirely rural, and are
described under their own heads. They are all in the
diocese of Waterford, except the last, which is in the
diocese of Ossory. The present municipal borough con-
tains only 669 statute acres. The parishes of Trinity
Within and If'ithout (otherwise called the Holy and Un-
divided Trinity) form a curacy, which, with the curacies
of St. Michael and St. Olave, together comprising two-
thirds of the city, is united to the entire rectory of
Kilcarragh and part of that of Kilburne, and to part
of the rectories of Kilmeaden and Reisk, together con-
stituting the corps of the deanery of Waterford, in the
patronage of the Crown. Trinity, St. Michael's, and
St. Olave's parishes pay minister's money. The gross
annual income of the deanery amounted, before the
passing of the Rent-charge act, to £1044, including
one-third share of the corporate revenue of the dean
and chapter, amounting to £145. There are two glebes
in the union, one of 17 acres in Kilcarragh, and another
of 317 acres in Kilburne. Exclusively of the cathedral
church, which is also parochial, there are churches in
the parishes of St. Olave and Killoteran, which latter
W A T E
W A T !•:
rectory is usually held with the deanery by a separate
title. St. Olave's church was rebuilt and consecrated
by Dr. Milles, Bishop of Waterford and Lisnnore, in
1734, a memorial of which fact is preserved on a brass
plate in the western wall of the building ; the pulpit,
and the bishop's throne, which is in the church, are of
very beautiful oak handsomely carved. Divine service
is performed here twice every day, and a lecturer, who
is also master of the endowed school, receives £100 per
annum from a bequest by Bishop Milles for the endow-
ment of lectureships at St. Olave's and St. Patrick's.
The parishes of .S7. Patrick, St. Peter, and St. Stephen,
the livings of which are curacies, are united to the vicar-
ages of St. Jolin Within and Without, together com-
prising one-third of the city, and constituting the corps
of the archdeaconry of Waterford, in the patronage of
the Bishop : the income is derivable from minister's
money. The church of St. Patrick, the only one in the
union, is a plain neat building, situated on elevated
ground to the west of the city : the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners recently granted £,576 for its repair. The
churches of St. John, St. Stephen, St. Peter, and St.
Michael, long since fell to ruin.
There are four Roman Catholic chapels. The prin-
cipal, situated in Barron-Strand-street, was erected in
1793, on ground given by the corporation, nearly oppo-
site a former chapel, which had been built about a hun-
dred years previously and was the first ever erected in
the city ; it is a very large building, and cost £'20,000,
raised chiefly by collections of pence at the chapel doors.
The interior is remarkable for the lightness and elegance
of its style ; the spacious roof is supported on ranges
of columns of the Corinthian order. In this chapel arc
preserved, and used on the day before Easter- Sunday,
some rich dresses supposed to have been presented by
Pope Innocent III. to the cathedral of \\'aterford ; the
plate, also, is of the most rich and valuable kind. There
are tablets in the interior to the memory of Dr. Power
and Dr. Patrick Kelly, and one on the exterior wall of
the chapel to the memory of Dr. Hussey ; all Roman
Catholic bishops of Waterford. The city contains
places of worship for Baptists, the Society of Friends,
Independents, Methodists, and Presbyterians.
The Blue-Co.vt School was founded for the gra-
tuitous instruction of boys by Bishop Foy, who died in
1707. After making several legacies, among which was
one of £'20 to the poor of Waterford, and another of
as much of the sum of £800 expended on the episcopal
palace as might be recovered from his successor in the
see, for apprenticing Protestant children, the bishop be-
queathed his property for the establishment of a school
for instruction in reading, writing, and the principles of
the Protestant religion. He fixed the number of child-
ren at 50, the salary of the master at £40, and that of
the catechist at £10, with liberty to increase the number
of children and the amount of salary in proportion.
The appointment of the master and catechist was vested
in the bishop for the time being ; that of the children
in the mayor, three of the aldermen, and the sheriffs,
subject to the approval of the bishop. The executors
erected a handsome school-house at the corner of
Barron-Strand-street, on land granted them by the
corporation, and, with the remainder of the funds, pur-
chased lands then of the yearly value of £191 : the en-
dowment was, on the death of the bishop's sister, aug-
645
mcnted with £48 per annum ; the number of boys wan
increased to 75, the salary of the master to £60, and
that of the catechist to £15. An act of parliament was
subsequently obtained by the Rev. Nathaniel France,
the only surviving executor, for perpetuating and
regulating the charity, and the endowment was vested
in him for life, and after his decease in the bishop,
dean, and mayor of Waterford for the time being ; the
act also provided that the excess of income, after pay-
ment of the salaries, £5 to a collector, and the expenses
of keeping the school-house in repair, should be ap-
plied to the clothing of the children, and, if any sur-
plus then remained, to apprenticing the boys. In IbOS
a second act was obtained, by which the trustees were
enabled to sell the school-house in Barron-Strand-street,
and to erect another on a more convenient site ; to
raise the salary of the master to £100, and that of the
usher to £50. The funds having increased by the de-
termination of leases and the accumulation of savings
to the amount of £4900, the trustees resolved to board
and lodge the masters, children, and servants of the in-
stitution in the school-house. The school was soon
afterwards established on the lands of Grantstown,
in the vicinity, in a recently erected house, which, by
numerous additions to the original building, has been
rendered sufficiently commodious for the purpose. The
estates of the charity consist of 1400 acres of land,
with two or three plots of ground in the city.
The Blue-Cuat School for Girls was erected in 1740, at
an expense of £750, by Mrs. Mary Mason ; it is a plain
building, with the arms of the Mason family in front.
The foundation was originally designed for clothing and
instructing 30 girls till of age to be put out to service,
the expense being defrayed by an annuity of £60 paid
by trustees, to whom the Mason family bequeathed
£900 for that purpose. In 17S4, Counsellor Alcock
left £1000 to this charity, the interest of which sum
is expended in apprenticing the most deserving of the
children. An endowed school in the parish of St. Olaie
is under the patronage of trustees, who give a school-
house and residence for the master, who is also lecturer
of St. Olave's and receives for both appointments, as
alreacly observed, a salary of £100 per annum. A scliool
at Newtown, near the city, was established in 1798, for
the education of children belonging to the Svciety of
Friends of the province of Munster ; the average num-
ber of both sexes is about 50, and the usual course of
instruction comprehends an English education, with
the Latin and French languages. The school-house is
large and commodious ; there is an extensive play-
ground, and the premises are well adapted to the pur-
pose. There are numerous Roman Catholic schools, the
principal of which is the college of ^.'Z. John, in Manor-
street, erected by the Rt. Rev. Dr. Power, for the
education of young men for the ministry ; attached to
it is a lay school for boarders and day scholars. The
building is plain, but spacious and commodious, and ad-
joining it are extensive gardens and pleasure-grounds.
The greater number of the clergy of the united dioceses
of Waterford and Lismore go through their courses of
humanity and theology hcre"^ previously to entering May-
nooth ; several complete the whole course of their studies
in this establishment. Of the other schools, the prmci-
pal are those established in 1803, by the Rev. Edmund
Rice, in connexion with the society called the Order ol
W A T E
W ATE
fhe Christian Brethren, and in which are generally from
600 to "00 boys, who are taught chiefly by young men
who, from religious motives, have devoted themselves to
the instruction of the poor without receiving any pecu-
niary remuneration. The principal female school is
conducted by the Sisters of the Presentation Convent,
who gratuitously instruct about 400 girls. A School,
also for the gratuitous instruction of poor females, has
been established near the Ursuline convent on the road
to Tramore.
A neat range of houses with two returns, facing the
grand entrance of the cathedral church, and called the
Hldous' Apartments, was, according to the inscription
on a marble tablet over the central house, founded by
Bishop Hugh Gore, for the use of clergymen's widows,
and erected, in 1702, by Sir John Mason, Knt., sur-
viving executor of his lordship. By his will, £1'200
were bequeathed for building an asylum and purchasing
lands for the maintenance of ten poor clergymen's
widows, to each of whom he assigned £10 per annum.
Connected with the meeting-house of the Society of
Friends is a house of refuge for aged and reduced mem-
bers of that body. An Hospital was founded about
the year 121 1 or 1<212, by King John, who incorporated
it under the designation of the Master, Brethren, and
Sisters of the Leper-house of St. Stephen, and granted
the society a common seal. He endowed it with the
house and several other buildings in St. Stephen's pa-
rish, and the oblations and offerings of that parish, with
lands at Poleberry without St. John's gate, and with the
lands of Leperstown, in the barony of Gualtier, contain-
ing 500 plantation acres ; also with the tithes of Carrig-
brahan. The Poers, lords of C«irraghmore, endowed an
hospital adjoining the leper-house, which circumstance
has led to an erroneous opinion that the Poers were
either the original founders of the leper-house of St.
Stephen, or that they endowed at least one ward in the
establishment. In the middle of the last century, when
leprosy had become of very rare occurrence, the corpo-
ration shut up the house ; but legal proceedings being
instituted against them by the Rev. Dr. Downes, a
decree was obtained for appropriating the funds of the
charity to the relief of the sick and maimed ' poor.
Under this decree, an infirmary was built for the recep-
tion of ,50 indigent patients ; and the funds afterwards
increasing, a magnificent hospital was erected in the
suburbs, capable of receiving more than 400 patients :
the average number, however, seldom e.\ceeds 40. The
government is vested in a master, appointed by the
corporation ; and the medical attendants, housekeeper,
and inferior servants are appointed by the master, sub-
ject to the approval of the corporation. The rent-roll
of the estates is about £1300, but the actual receipts
are only about £1000 per annum ; and the expenditure,
including the salaries of physician, surgeon, and others,
nearly approaches that sum.
The Holy-Ghost Hospital was originally a monas-
tery of Friars Minor, founded in 1'240 by Sir Hugh
Purcell. After the settlement of the French Huguenots
in this city, a part of the building was appropriated to
their u.se as a place of worship, and it still bears the
name of the French Church ; the steeple is yet entire.
In the vaults beneath are several curious monuments,
but the inscriptions are now illeeible ; among these is
the tombstone of Sir Patrick O'Neill, a colonel in the
646
army of James 11., who served in the battle of the
Boyne, and, dying of his wounds, was buried in this
church. At the Reformation, Henry 'Walsh purchased
the site and all the possessions of the dissolved monas-
tery, for t'ne sum of £150. 13. 4., and founded the pre-
sent hospital for a master, brethren, and the poor, to
whom he gave it in trust at a rent of only Ss. The
brethren were incorporated by an act of the 36th of
Henry "VIII. providing that the master and his suc-
cessors should be appointed by the heirs of Patrick
"Walsh, who should nominate three or four secular
priests to celebrate divine service in the hospital, and
have the nomination of at least 60 of the sick, infirm,
and impotent folk of both sexes ; all the persons thua
nominated to be a corporation, with power to possess
lands of the value of £100. This patent was confirmed
by Elizabeth, in the 24th of her reign ; over the en-
trance of the hospital is a tablet recording its foundation
in 1545, and its repair and enlargement in 1741 and
17-^3. The master has for several years been appointed
by the corporation, in concurrence with the descendants
of the Walsh family, who reside at Cratava, one of the
Canary Islands ; the inmates are at present all women
and of the Roman Catholic religion. The building has
a modern front erected against the ancient monastery,
and on each side of the entrance is a flight of steps
leading to the apartments, which are over the cemetery,
and consist of a long narrow room or gallery lighted
from above, and partitioned off for beds on one side
throughout the whole length ; and an inner chamber,
forming the whole of one wing : these rooms are termi-
nated by the upper portions of two pointed arches, and
contain some curious sculpture and a font. The other
wing of the hospital contains the chapel, a long gallery
like the former, with an altar decorated with some
ancient sculptured figures ; divine service is regularly
performed here, in compliance with the direction of the
founder. The property of the hospital consists of seve-
ral houses and plots of ground in Factory-lane, the
Mall, Colebeck-street, the Quay, and Lombard-street;
the lands of Priors Knock, in the liberties of Waterford,
containing 31 acres ; certain tithe of the parish of Kil-
mocahill, in the county of Kilkenny ; the tithe of Kil-
maguage, in the county of Waterford ; and a house and
garden in Broad-street, Bristol, now the White Lion Inn,
which, though a valuable property, produce only a rent
of £6. 10., having been let on lease in the reign of Eliza-
beth, renewable for ever, and for the renewal of which
it does not appear that any fine has been exacted. The
present income from all these sources does not e.xceed
£3S5.
The Fever Hospital was established in 1799, and was
the first institution of the kind in Ireland, and the second
in the united empire ; it arose from very small begin-
nings, but progressively increased, and the present
building is capable of admitting 150 patients, for whose
accommodation it posseses every requisite convenience.
There are two attending physicians, with salaries of £40
each, and one resident apothecary, with a salary of
£84 ; it is supported by subscription and local assess-
ments. A Dispensary , established in 1/86, is also sup-
ported by subscription, and city and grand jury pre-
sentments ; about 5500 patients are annually relieved
at the trifling expense of about £250. A Lying-in
Charity has been established ; but its funds are not
W A T E
W A T E
extensive, and its usefulness is consequently limited.
There are ainfishouses for lioman Catholics. A Charitable
Loan Fund was established by Archdeacon Fleury and
Mr. Hobbs, in 1768, since which period more than
£33,000 have been lent to more than 14,000 persons,
free of interest ; but its funds are at present very
limited. The late House of Industrij, with which was
connected a Lunatic Asylum, was erected in 1779. at an
expense of £1.")00, and was under the direction of a
general board of governors, incorporated by acts of the
llth and Vlth. of George III., under the title of "the
President and Assistants instituted for the relief of the
poor, and for punishing vagabonds and sturdy beggars
for the county and county of the city of Waterford."
A general meeting of the governors was held on the first
Thursday in every month, and oftener if necessary ;
subordinate to which was a regulating committee of ten
governors, or members of the corporation, appointed
for one year, who met weekly, and to whom was con-
fided the whole management. Two physicians, and a
Protestant and a Roman Catholic clergyman, attended
gratuitously ; and there were a stipendiary apothecary,
a superintendent, and two housekeepers. On an ave-
rage, from '200 to 300 persons were annually received
into the house ; they were generally employed in
domestic othces and in various trades : there was a
school for the instruction of females. The income of
the institution, amounting on an average to £3000 per
annum, was derived from local assessments, donations,
and subscription. There are two associations for the
relief of destitute Orphan children, one for Protestants,
and one for Roman Catholics. The Protestant Orphan
House was established in 1818, and a school for 40 chil-
dren was subsequently erected ; it is situated within a
quarter of a mile of the city, at a place called Gaul's
Rock, on ground presented by John Fitzgerald, Esq. :
the late Sir Francis Hassard gave £100 towards its
support. The Union fi'orkhouse, on a site of si.x acres
purchased for £I'2'2'-2, was completed in 1841, at a cost
of £7S.")0, and will admit 900 inmates.
The ANTIQUITIES are worthy of notice. Of the
ancient (Vails of the city, which appear to have inclosed
a triangular area of about 15 acres, with a tower at each
angle, there are still some interesting remains ; they
were extended in the reign of Henry H. by a consider-
able sweep towards the west, and their circuit was
further enlarged in that of Henry VH., when they were
repaired. Of the original towers, the only one perfect
is Reginald's Tower, in old documents frequently called
Reynold's Tower and the King's Tower : it was rebuilt
in its original style in 1819, and is now appropriated
by the corporation as a barrack for the police establish-
ment. St. Martin's Castle, situated at the western angle
of the city walls, has been partly preserved by its con-
nexion with a private dwelling-house, long called "the
Castle." On the land side the city had five gates, of
which St. John's was for a long time used as a county
prison. There were also, in addition to the regular for-
tifications of the city, several private fortresses, called
by the names of their respective proprietors, and sup-
posed to have been not less than '20 in number. In
Colbcck Castle, from which a street took its name, was
the Chamber of Green Cloth, or Chamber of Waterford,
sometimes used by the mayor as a place of confinement
for refractory citizens; and a few years since, there
64-
were several Danish semilunar towers on the walls, one
of which is still remaining at the extremity of what are
called the ramparts. The palace in which King John
resided during his stay at Waterford, occupied the site
on which the Widows' Apartments were built in 170*2,
when the vaults and foundations of that ancient struc-
ture were discovered.
The oldest of the UEi.ifiiors houses was the priory
of St. Catherine, founded by the Ostmen for canons of
the order of St. Augustine and of the congregation of
St. Victor. Its endowment and possessions were con-
firmed by Pope Innocent III., in 1211 ; from the terms
of that confirmation it appears to have been insulated
at that time. In the 3 1st of Elizabeth, its revenues
were granted on lease to Elizabeth Butler, otherwise
Sherlock. The abbey was situated to the south-west
of the city, adjoining Lombard's marsh, and a great
part of the building remained in tolerable preservation
till a few years since, when it was levelled to open a
way to the bridge then built over John's river ; a
vaulted room and a small portion of the foundations
are all that now remain. The priory of St. John the
Evangelist was founded in the suburbs, in 1185, by
John, Earl of Morton, afterwards King of England, for
monks of the order of St. Benedict, and made a cell to
the abbey of St. Peter and St. Paul, in the city of Bath.
This establishment received many grants and charters
from successive English monarchs, and at the close of
the 15th century had vast possessions and enjoyed
ample privileges, among which was the right of holding
a court baron within the parish of St. John. The manor
of St. John, now the property of Thomas Wyse, Esq.,
was for a long period held under the priors of that
house by his ancestors : at the Dissolution, in 1537, it
continued in the possession of the family ; and it was
subsequently confirmed in capite at two knights' fees,
with all tithes, privileges, royalties, and immunities, by
royal charter, to Sir William Wyse, then chamberlain
to Henry VIII. This charter was fully confirmed by
patent in the 15th of Elizabeth. A monastery for
Dominican or Black Friars, called also Friars Preachers,
who were introduced into Ireland in 1226, was founded
by the citizens, who for that purpose applied to Henry
lil. for liberty to erect their house on a piece of ground
adjoining Arundel's Castle, and on which stood the ruin>--
of an ancient tower. The establishment continued to
flourish under the patronage of several monarchs ; and
at the Dissolution the buildings, which were very exten-
sive, but in a ruinous condition, were granted in capite,
with some parcels of land, to James White, at an annual
rent of 4s. The only existing remains are the chancel
of the church and the belfry. The entrance to the
former is through an arched doorway, highly orna-
mented with rope mouldings and surmounted by a
spacious window ; the interior consists of two apart-
ments, low and gloomy, with vaulted roofs supported
on groined arches. The belfry is a lofty square tower
of massive thickness, having a staircase leading to the
summit, from which is obtained an interesting view,
especially over the old portion of the city. A monastery
for Franciscan Friars, or Friars minor, was founded in
1240 by Sir Hugh Purcell ; at the Dissolution it was
purchased by Henry Walsh, who established on its site
the hospital of the Holy Ghost, before noticed. There
are remains of two houses of the Knights of St. John oj
W ELL
Jerusalem, situated respectively at Killure and Kilbarry ;
near which last is a cromlech. In Arundel-square was
anciently a college of Jesuits, of which there are still
some small remains. Of the old parish churches, the
only one of which any part remains is that of St. Thomas,
supposed to have been erected by Henry II., or by his
son and successor. King John, and which was dedicated
to St. Thomas i Beckett ; part of the entrance is entire,
and displays a beautiful specimen of Norman architec-
ture. In Her Majesty's State-Paper Office is lodged a
curious manuscript history, in verse, of the municipality
of Waterford, thought to have been written in the time
of Henry VIII., and of which a printed version is given
in Ryland's History of Waterford.
Among eminent natives may be noticed Gotofield, a
learned Dominican friar of the 13th century ; William
of Waterford, author of a polemical work, published in
1433 ; Peter White, a celebrated classical teacher, and
author of several publications, in the reign of Elizabeth ;
Nicholas Quemerford, D. D., cotemporary with the
above, and author of "Answers to certain Questions
propounded by the citizens of Waterford," and other
works ; Peter Lumbard, Roman Catholic Archbishop of
Armagh, and a learned writer, who died in 162.5 or
1626; Peter Wadding, a learned Jesuit, highly es-
teemed for his piety, who died in 1644 ; John Hartrey,
a Cistertian monk, who wrote the history of his order
iti Ireland ; and Luke Wadding, a Franciscan friar, born
in I.tSS, who also compiled the annals of his own order.
Waterford gives the title of Marquess to the family of
De la Poer Beresford.
WATERGRASSHILL, a village, partly in the parish
of KiLQUANK, but chiefly in that of Ardnageehy,
union of Fermoy, barony of Barrymore, county of
Cork, and province of Munster, .5 miles (S. by W.)
from Rathcormac, on the road to Cork; containing SOI
inhabitants. This place is said to stand on the highest
ground in the county ; the ascent by the road from
Cork, a distance of nine miles, is almost uniform, but so
gradual as to be scarcely perceptible. The village is
intersected by the new line of road from Mallow to
Midleton, and is a station of the constabulary police ;
a receiving-house for letters is in connexion with Cork
and Rathcormac. In the vicinity are two paper-mills.
A church, or chapel of ease for the union of Killaspig-
mullane, has been erected near the village. Watergrass-
hill gives name to the Roman Catholic district, of which
it contains the principal chapel ; a school is attached.
There is also a dispensary for the poor.
WATERSIDE.— See Londonderry.
WELLS, a parish, in the union of Gorey, partly in
the barony of Cjowran, county of Kilkenny, but
chiefly in that of Idrone West, county of Carlow,
and province of Leinster, 2 miles (S. by W.) from
Leighlin-Bridge, on the road to Gowran ; containing
1601 inhabitants. This parish is situated upon the south
side of the river Barrow, and comprises 2756 statute
acres, of which 2835: are in the county of Kilkenny.
The land is of good quality, and in a highly improved
state of cultivation. Here is a slate quarry. Fairs for
general farming stock are held on Ascension-day and
Sept. 1 1th. Tlie seats are Ravindon, Burgage, and the
Deanery-house. The living is a rectory, in the diocese
of Leighlin, constituting, with the chapelry of Bally-
nochen, the corps of the deanery of Leighlin, and in the
648
WEST
patronage of the Crown. The tithe rent-charge is
£294. 4. 7-, and the gross income of the deanery
£344. 4. 7., including 20 acres of glebe let for £50
per annum : from this amount, however, are to be de-
ducted £27. 7. for house-rent, £3. 4. visitation fees, and
other charges. The glebe-house was built in 1823, by
a gift of £300 from the Board of First Fruits. The
church, which formerly stood near the village of Royal-
Oak, was by act of council in I8O7, rebuilt on the site
of the ancient chapel of Ballynochen, now a townland
in the parish. It is a plain edifice in an elevated situa-
tion overlooking the Barrow, erected in 1810 by aid of
£500 and a loan of £200 from the Board of First Fruits ;
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently granted £256
for its repair. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is part of the district of Leighlin-Bridge : the
chapel is a large building. The ruins of the church at
Royal-Oak are still visible; and near Ballynochen is a
rath of considerable extent, called by the peasantry
" the Maudlin Moat."
WESTMEATH (County of), an inland county of
the province of Leinster, bounded on the east by the
county of Meath ; on the north, by those of Meath,
Cavan, and Longford ; on the west, by those of Long-
ford and Roscommon ; and on the south, by the King's
county. It extends from 53° 18' to 53° 47' (N. Lat.),
and from 6° 55' to 7° 55' (W. Lon.) ; comprising an
area of 453,468 statute acres, whereof 365,218 are ara-
ble land, 56,392 uncultivated, 8S03 in plantations, 628
under towns and villages, and 22,427 covered by water.
The population, in 1821, amounted to 128,819; in
1831, to 136,8/2 ; and in 1841, to 141,300.
This county formed part of the kingdom of Meath
when the island was divided into five provincial dynas-
ties, and was then known by the name of Eircamhoin,
or " the Western Division." The provincial assemblies
were held at the hill of Usueagh, supposed by some
to be the Laberus noticed by Ptolemy as <me of the
inland cities of Ireland. In 1153, the northern part of
the county became the scene of contention between two
sons of Dermod O'Brien, who terminated their strife by
a bloody battle fought near Fore, in which Turlogh,
obtaining the victory, became master of his brother's
person and put out his eyes. The principal Irish fami-
lies during this period were those of Mac Geoghegan
(chieftains of Moycashel), O'Mulbrenan or Brenan,
O'Coffy, O'Mullady, O'Malone, O'Daly, O'Higgins, Ma-
gawly, Magan, O'Shannagh (afterwards changed to Fox),
O'Finilan, and O'Cuishin. The annals of the religious
houses prove that this county suffered much during the
period in which the island was exposed to the predatory
incursions of the Danes ; the town and abbey of Fore
alone having been burnt nine times in the 10th and
11th centuries, either by the Danes or by the bordering
Irish chieftains. After the settlement of the English in
Leinster, the county formed part of the palatinate of
Hugh de Lacy, who allotted it in large tracts to his
principal followers, the most remarkable of whom were
Petit, Tuite, Hussey, D' Alton, Delamare, Dillon, Nugent,
Hope, Ware, Naugle, Ledewich, Geneville, Dardis, Gay-
nor, and Constantine. Subsequently, the families of
Darcy, Johnes, Tyrrel, Fitzgerald, Owen, and Piers
settled here at various periods previous to the Reforma-
tion. The ancient Irish, however, were not at once
exterminated by the new settlers : they made several at-
WEST
W E S T
tempts to recover their former position, in one of which,
in \:i'l9, Mac Geoghec;aii, chieftain of Moycashel, de-
feated an English force under Lord Thomas le Botiller,
who was killed in the action. Two years after, the
Irish were defeated in a battle near Finae by Sir An-
thony Lucy, lord justice. Mortimer, Earl of March,
who married Philippa, daughter and heiress of Lionel,
Duke of Clarence, third son of Edward III., finding it
necessary to conceal himself during the troubles that
followed the deposition of Richard II., chose this county
as his place of refuge, where he remained a long time in
concealment. In 1468, Delamare, abbot of Tristernagh,
was attainted by act of parliament for uniting with the
Irish enemies and English rebels in an insurrection in
which the town of Delvin was burnt. By an act of the
34th of Henry VIII., the ancient palatinate of Meath
was divided, the eastern portion retaining its former
name, and the western being distinguished by the ap-
pellation which it still retains. Longford was a portion
of the latter division, until it was formed into a distinct
county by Elizabeth.
The plan for the insurrection of 1641 is said to have
been concerted in the abbey of Multifarnham, in this
county, as being conveniently situated in the centre of
the island, and a place of great resort for religious pur-
poses, so that the assemblage of large numbers there at
any particular time was less liable to suspicion. In the
subsequent war between William and James, the county
was the scene of several severe actions ; and so great
was the change of property occasioned by the confisca-
tions after these wars, that not one of the names of the
persons who formed the previous grand juries are found
on the modern lists. The principal families who ob-
tained grants of confiscated lands were those ofPacken-
ham, Wood, Cooke, Stoyte, Reynell, Winter, Levinge,
Wilson, Judge, Rochfort, Handcock, Bonynge, Gay,
Handy, Ogle, Middleton, Swift, Burtle, and Str George.
Those of Smith, Fetherston, Chapman, O'Reilly, Purdon,
Nagle, Blaquiere, and North, obtained prtjperty by pur-
chase or inheritance. Among the recent settlers, the
family of Nagle alone claims from an ancient proprietor,
having inherited in the female line from the Mac Geo-
ghegans. On the landing of the French at Kilcummin
a rising took place in this county, in consequence of an
erroneous report from the north : the peasantry first
assembled at the hill of Skea, whence they proceeded to
Lord Sunderlin's park ; but retired without committing
any act of hostility. Afterwards they attacked and
plundered Wilson's Hospital, where there was a collec-
tion of arms ; and having converted it into a barrack,
they kept possession until driven out by a detachment
of the royal forces.
This county is partly in the diocese of Ardagh, but
chiefly in that of Meath ; and in the province of Ar-
magh. For purposes of civil jurisdiction it is divided
into the baronies of Brawney, Clonlonan, Corkaree, Del-
vin, Demifore, Farbill, Fartullagh, Kilkenny West, Moy-
ashel and Magheradernan, Moycashel, Moygoish, and
Rathconrath. It contains the market and assize town
of Mullingar ; part of the borough and market town of
Athlonc ; the market and post towns of Kilbeggan,
Moate, Rathowen, Castletown-Delvin, Ballinacargy, and
CloumcUon ; and the jjost-towns of Castlepollard, Kin-
negad, Ballymore, Tyrrell's- Pass, Killucan, Moyvore,
Multifarnham, Glasson, Rochfort-Bridge, and Drum-
VoL. II.— 649
cree : the largest villages are Finac, Coole, Castletown,
Rathconrath, CoUinstown, and Ballinalack. It gent ten
members to the Irish parliament, two for the county
and two for each of the boroughs of Athlone, Mullingar,
Kilbeggan, and Fore, the last of which is now a small
village ; since the Union it has returned three members
to the Imperial parliament, two for the county, and one
for the borough of Athlone. The county constituency,
as registered up to the beginning of 1846, consists of
•286 freeholders of £50, .53 of £'20, and 71* of £10;
13 leaseholders of £'20, and 89 of £10 ; and <21 rent-
chargers ; making a total of 1786 registered voters.
The election takes place at Mullingar. Westmeath is
included in the Home circuit : the assizes are held at
Mullingar, where the county court-house and gaol are
situated ; general quarter-sessions are held alternately
at Mullingar and Moate, and at the latter place are a
court-house and a bridewell. The local government is
vested in a lieutenant, vice-lieutenant, I" deputy lieu-
tenants, and 80 other magistrates. There are 48 con-
stabulary police stations, having a force of 1 stipendiary
magistrate, I county inspector, 6 sub-inspectors, 7 head-
constables, 47 constables, and '23."j men, with 9 horses.
The district lunatic asylum is at Maryborough, the
county infirmary at Mullingar, and the fever hospital at
Castlepollard ; there are dispensaries at Glasson, Bally-
nacarrig, Multifarnham, Street, Killucan, Kinnegad,
Tyrrell's Pass, Moate, Kilbeggan, Athlone, Castletown-
Delvin, Drumcree, Clonmellou, Milltown, Newbristy,
Monilea, Ballinalack, CoUinstown, and Castlepollard.
supported by grand jury presentments and private sub-
scriptions in equal proportions. The total grand jury
presentments for 1845 amounted to £"24,566. In the
military arrangements the county is included in the
district of which Athlone is the head-quarters ; there
are two barracks at Athlone, one for artillery and the
other for infantry, which, with an infantry station at
Mullingar, afford accommodation for 80 ofhcers and 1&06
men, with 208 horses.
The SURFACE of the county, though nowhere rising
into tracts of considerable elevation, is much diversified
by hill and dale, is highly picturesque in many parts,
and deficient in none of the essentials of rural beauty.
In its scenery it ranks ne.\t after Kerry, Wicklow, Fer-
managh, and Waterford. None of the hills are so high
as to be incapable of agricultural improvement. Knock
Eyne and Knockross, on the shores of Lough Dtre-
veragh, have on their sides much stunted oak and
brushwood, the remains of ancient forests; the former
of these hills is about S50 feet high. The Ben of Fore,
near the village of Fore, is 760 feet high. The lakes are
picturesque and very numerous, and mostly situated in
the northern and central parts, the southern being flat and
overspread with bog. The largest and most southern of
the lakes is Lough Innel or linni:l, now called also
Belvidere lake : it is 1^ mile from Mullingar, and is
studded with eight islands, the chief of which, called
Fort Island or Dysart Island, was garrisoned and used
as a magazine by the Irish in the war of 1641, and was
twice taken by the parliamentary forces, and ultimately
retained by them till the Restoration. The names of
the others are Shan Oge's, Goose, Inchycroan, Cormo-
rant, Cherry, Chapel, and Green Island. The Brosua
passes through the lake from north to south. To the north
of this lake is Lough Hoi/le, Foiile, Quel, or Owet, in the
40
WEST
WEST
very centre of the county ; the land around rises gently
from its margin, and is fertile and richly planted. The
only stream by which it is supplied is the Brosna.
Two streams, called the Golden Arm and the Silver
Arm, formerly flowed from it, one from each of its ex-
tremities ; but both have been dammed up, and the
low grounds on the borders of the lake raised by em-
bankments so as to increase the body of water contained
in it, in order to render it the feeder of the summit
level of the Royal Canal. This alteration enlarged the
surface of the Hoyle to an extent of 2400 acres. The
lake has four islands, on one of which is an ancient
chapel of rude masonry, with a burial-ground, hereto-
fore much resorted to by pilgrims from distant parts ;
the isle afforded an asylum to many of the Protestants
in the neighbouring country at the commencement of
the war of 1641. The other islands are planted. Fur-
ther north is Lough Dereveragh, a winding sheet of
water of very irregular form, 11 miles long, and 3 in
its greatest breadth ; its waters discharge themselves
through the lower Inny into Lough Iron or Hiern. This
latter is the most western lake in the county, and is a long
sheet of water, but 5 of a mile broad, and very shallow :
its banks are enriched with some fine scenery towards
Baronstown and Kilbixy ; and from its northern extre-
mity the Inny takes its course towards the county of
Longford. Lough Lein, three miles to the east of Dere-
veragh, is of an irregular oval form, two miles long and
one broad : its waters are peculiarly clear, and remark-
able for having no visible outlet, nor any inlet except a
small stream which flows only in rainy seasons ; it is
surrounded on every side by high grounds, which on
the north and south rise into lofty hills from the margin
of the lake, and are clothed to their summits with rich
verdure and flourishing plantations. There are four
fertile and well planted islands in the lake. In the
west is Lough Seucly, a romantic sheet of water near the
old fortress of Ballymore. Two miles north-east from
Mullingar are the small lakes of Ktwckclriii, Chilean,
and Clonshever ; Knockdrin supplies Lough CuUean,
which, after flowing through a bog, falls into Lough
Clonshever, whence the Brosna has derived its supply
since the waters of Lough Hoyle have been appropriated
exclusively to the supply of the Royal Canal. Among
the other smaller lakes scattered throughout the county,
the principal are Lough Maghan, and the two lakes of
Water stoKn, near Athlone.
The fine expansion of the river Shannon, called
Lough Ree, may be considered as partially belonging to
this county, as it forms the principal part of the western
boundary between W'estmeath and Roscommon ; it is
twenty miles long in its greatest length from Lanes-
borough to the neighbourhood of Athlone, and is
adorned with several finely wooded islands. Those ad-
joining Westmeath are, Inchmore, containing 104 acres,
once the site of a monastery built by St. Senanus ;
Hare Island, the residence of Lord Castlemaine, contain-
ing 57 acres, and having the ruins of an abbey built by
the Dillon family ; Inchturk, containing 24 acres; and
Innisbolfin, 27. An abbey built on this last island by a
nephew of St. Patrick, was plundered by the Danes in
1089. Lough Glinn forms a small portion of the same
boundary towards Longford : Loughs Sheelin and Kinale
are on the north-western limit, towards Cavau ; the
Ulute lake, Lough Deel, and Lough Bawn are small
650
boundary lakes on the side of Meath. The water of the
last-named of these has the peculiarity of being lower
and more limpid in winter than in summer, being
highest in June and lowest at Christmas : in summer
its colour is green, like sea-water ; but in winter it is as
pellucid as crystal, and remarkably light.
Throughout the eastern part of the county the
SOIL is a heavy loam from seven to twelve inches deep,
resting on a yellow till : the land here is chiefly under
pasture, and feeds the fattest bullocks ; from its great
fertility it has been called the " Garden of Ireland."
The northern part is hilly and very fertile, extremely
well adapted for sheep-walks, but chiefly applied to
the grazing of black-cattle. The barony of Moygoish
is fertile, except towards the north, where there is
much bog and marshy land. The central barony of
Moyashel and Magheradernan is mostly composed of
escars, chiefly formed of calcareous sand and gravel.
In the western baronies the country is generally flat, and
the soil light; the Bog of Allen spreads over a large
portion of Brawney and Clonlonan.
The farms are usually large ; the chief crops, oats and
potatoes, with some wheat, barley, flax, rape, and clover.
The resident gentry and large farmers have adopted the
system of green crops, and the most improved imple-
ments are in use : oxen, yoked in teams of two pairs,
are frequently used in ploughing. Limestone-gravel is
preferred to any other substance as manure ; lime, either
separately or in a compost with turf mould and the
refuse of the farmyard, is also used. The fences are
bad and much neglected, except in the neighbourhood
of demesnes and town lands. The valleys throw up an
abundance of rich grass, the hay of which, however, is
much deteriorated in consequence of not being cut till a
late period, sometimes in September, and of being
suffered, when made up, to stand in the fields until the
autumnal rains ; thus the surface is injured, the lower
part of the cocks spoiled, and in low situations the whole
is liable to be Carried away by the floods. Though dairy
husbandry is not practised so extensively as the fertility
of the soil would warrant, great quantities of butter are
made of very superior quality, and always command a
high price ; it is chiefly sent to Dublin for the British
markets. Much attention is paid to the breed of every
kind of cattle. The short- horned cows are highly prized,
as growing to a very large size and giving great quanti-
ties of milk ; the oxen fatten quickly, and the flavour of
their beef is excellent. Sheep, for which several parts
are well adapted, are not a favourite stock. Westmeath
produces superior horses ; the principal fair for their
sale is at Mullingar : great numbers are also brought
from Connaught, and reared here for sale in Dublin and
in the English towns. Agricultural societies, in con-
nexion with the Royal Irish Agricultural Improvement
Society, have been established at Mullingar and Moate,
and are effecting great benefits in the breeding of stock
and the general system of agriculture : exhibitions of
stock and farm produce are held annually at both towns
in October, and ploughing-niatches take place in Feb-
ruary. There is also a Horticultural Society, which
holds exhibitions at Mullingar in April, June, and
August, and has brought horticulture to great perfection
throughout the county.
Timber formerly abounded ; but the profuse use of it
when plentiful, the great demand for charcoal for the
WES T
^\' !•: s T
old iron-works, and the neglect of any prospective mea-
sures to supply the deficiency thus arising, rendered it
scarce. The county has, nevertheless, some small copses
and underwoods, the remains of the ancient forests.
Many trunks of large timber-trees, particularly juniper,
yew, and fir, have been found in the bogs ; the wood,
when dried, is always black. The waste and neglect
of past ages are now being remedied : there are many
thriving young plantations; several of the hills are
clothed svith wood. The ash grows in such abundance
in hedge-rows as to prove it to be indigenous to the soil ;
hazel is encouraged, in order to make hoops for butter-
firkins ; Scotch firs thrive on boggy bottoms, and larch
still better.
The county, geologically, is wholly included within
the great limestone plain of Ireland, of which it forms
the most elevated portion. The uniformity of its struc-
ture is broken only at Woate and Ballymahon, in each
of which places an isolated protuberant mass of sand-
stone rises from beneath the general substratum. The
predominating colour of the limestone is a blueish-grey
of various degrees of intensity ; it is often tinged with
black, and sometimes passes into deep black, particularly
in those parts in which it is interstratified with beds of
clay-slate, ralp, or swinestone, or where it abounds with
lydian stone. The black limestone in the latter case is
a hard compact rock, recjuiring much fuel for burning
it, and is by no means serviceable for agricultural
purposes. The structure of the limestone varies from
the perfectly compact to the conjointly compact and
foliated, and even to the granulary fohated : beds of
the last kind are quarried and wrought for various
purposes in the northern baronies. Copper, lead, coal,
and yellow and dove-coloured marble, have been found
in small quantities, but not so as to induce searches
for the parent bed. A pair of elk's horns, found in a
bog, were presented to Charles I. shortly before the
commencement of the civil war; stags' horns in a state
of great decomposition have been found near the shores
of Lough Iron.
The manufactures are merely such as supply the
demands of the inhabitants, being confined almost
wholly to friezes, flannels, and coarse linens. There are
no fisheries of any consequence, although all the lakes
are stored with fish of various kinds and excellent
quality. The Inny is well stocked with bream, trout,
pike, eel, and roach ; salmon is found in the Inny and
Brosiia, coming out of the Shannon ; Lough Dereveragh
is celebrated for its white and red trout ; and about the
month of May, a small fish of very pleasant flavour,
called the Goaske, of the size of a herring, is taken in
this and the neighbouring lake. In the ditches near the
borders of Lough Hoyle, an incredible quantity of the
fry offish is caught from September to March. In the
bogs, and especially in slimy pits covered with water, is
found a muscle, flatter and broader than the common
sea muscle, the shell brighter in colour, much thinner,
and very brittle. They are not numerous, nor are they
much used as food.
The Brosna and the Iiinij are the only rivers of any
importance in the county : the former rises near Lough
Hoyle ; the latter at Longhcrew, in the county of Mcath.
Numerous rivulets, flowing through every part, dis-
charge themsehes either into the lakes, or the larger
rivers. The more remarkable of the lesser rivers are the
651
Moiiga^h, the (JUne, the (ianie, and the Hulluimralli.
The Shannon forms the western boundary from Lough
Ilee to a point some miles south of Athlone. The lioyul
Canal enters the county from that of Meath, two miles
north of Kinnegad, and, after crossing the Inny by an
aqueduct, enters the county of Longford nearTinellick :
a branch of the Grand Canal enters from the King's
county near Rahue, and proceeds to Kilbeggan. The
roads are numerous : those of modern construction are
well laid out and maintained ; the older arc ill laid out
and constructed, but these defects are in progress of
being remedied.
Many vestiges of very remote antiquity may be
traced in the neighbourhood of Ballintubber, and others
of a similar description arc observable in Moycashel.
Of the numerous monastic institutions scattered through
the county, those of Currick, Clonfad, Kileoniry, Drum-
cree, Forgney, Killuken, Leckin, Lynn, and Uathugh,
still remain, either wholly or in part, as places of wor-
ship either of Protestants or Roman Catholics. The
ruins of those of Farranemanagh, Fore, Kilbeggan, Kil-
mocahill, and Multifarnham are also in existence : those
of Tristernagh, and of the houses of the Franciscans,
Dominicans, and Augustinians of MuUingar, are utterly
destroyed ; Athlone had a house of Conventual Fran-
ciscans. The existence of several others is now ascer-
tained only by the names of the places in which they
flourished. The ruins of ancient castles, several of which
were erected by Hugh de Lacy, are numerous : the remains
of Kilbixy Ccislle, his chief residence, though now obliter-
ated, were extensi\ein the year 1680. Those of Anlnor-
cher, or Horseleap, another of de Lacy's castles, and the
place where he met with a violent death from the hands
of one of his own dependants, are still visible. Ralhwire,
Sonnagh, and Killare were also built by de Lacy : the
second of these stands on the verge of a small but beau-
tiful lake i the third afterwards fell into the hands of the
Mac Geoghcgans, the mansion of which family was at
Castle Geoghegan. Other remarkable i astles were, Del
tin, the seat of the Nugents ; Leney, belonging to the Gay-
nors ; Empor, to the Daltons ; Killaniny and Jr<hwu:riilh,
to the Dillons ; Bracca, near Ardnorcher, to the Handys,
who have a modern mansion in its neighbourhood ;
and Clare Castle, or MuUaghcloe, the headquarters
of Generals de Ginkell and Douglas when preparing
for the siege of Ballymore. Several castles of the
Mac Geoghcgans were in the neighbourhood of Kilbeggan.
The chief modern mansions are noticed under the heads
of their respective parishes.
The PEASANTS are a healthy robust race. The women
retain their maiden name after marriage ; they perform
the out-door work, bring the turf home in carts, and
share in the labours of the field. The English language
is every where spoken, except by some of the old people,
and that only in ordinary conversation among them-
selves. The habitations are poor ; the roofs without
ceilings, formed of a few couples, and supported by two
or three props, over which the boughs of trees not strip-
ped of their leaves are laid crossways, and covered with
turf and thatched with straw. A hole in the roof gives
vent to the smoke ; and the bare ground constitutes the
floor and hearth. The house-leek is encouraged to grow
on the thatch, from a notion that it is a preservative
against fire : the peasants make their horses swim in
some of the lakes on Garhck- Sunday, the second Sun-
4 0-2
WEST
WEST
day ill August, to jjreserve them in health during the
remainder of the year. There is a chalybeate spa at
Grangemore, near Killucan ; but the water is little
used, in consequence of the difficulty of access to the
place. Westmeath gives the title of Marquess to the
family of Nugent.
WESTPALSTOWN, a parish, in the union of Bal-
ROTHERY, barony of Balrothery West, county of
Dublin, and province of Leinster, 12 miles (N.) from
Dublin ; containing 169 inhabitants, and comprising
1596 statute acres. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Dublin, forming part of the union and corps of the
prebend of Clonniethan in the cathedral of Christ
Church, Dublin ; the rectory is appropriate to the
vicars-choral of that cathedral, and the tithe rent-
charge is ifill'2. 10., two-thirds payable to the vicars-
choral, and the remainder to the vicar. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish is in the district of Da-
mastown. The ruins of the church still exist.
WESTPORT, a sea-port, market, and post town,
and the head of a union, in the parish of Aughaval,
barony of Murrisk, county of Mayo, and province of
CoNNAiGHT, S| miles (W.) from Castlebar, and at the
termination of the road from Dublin; containing 4912
inhabitants. This town is situated at the south-eastern
e.xtremity of Clew bay, and at the mouth of a small
river which falls into that portion of the bay constitut-
ing the harbour of Westport. It is of modern date ;
and consists of three principal streets, and a Mall of
large and handsome houses on both sides of the river,
the banks of which are planted with trees and afford a
pleasing promenade. The total number of houses is
"80, and most of them are well built, and roofed with
slate ; a spacious and handsome hotel, considered one
of the best provincial hotels in Ireland, has been erected
and splendidly furnished at the expense of the Mar-
quess of Sligo, who assigns it rent-free to the landlord.
The approach from Castlebar is singularly beautiful,
being enriched with the plantations of the marquess,
and commanding a fine view of the mountain of Croagh-
patrick; the lofty ranges of Achill and Erris, terminat-
ing in the stupendous mountain of Nephin ; and Clew
bay, studded with innumerable picturesque islands.
Westport House, the elegant mansion of his lordship,
who is proprietor of the town, and to which is an en-
trance from the Mall, is a handsome and spacious
structure of hewn freestone, situated on the margin of a
small lake in the demesne, which is also embellished
with the windings of the W^estport river and its two
picturesque waterfalls ; the grounds command some
beautiful views of the bay, with the islands and ship-
ping. Near the town are also Murrisk Abbey, Marino,
Trafalgar Lodge, New Brighton Lodge, Old Head,
Boathaven, and Mount Browne.
The trade of the port, which is of comparatively
recent origin, consists in the exportation of agricultural
produce, particularly corn ; and in the importation of
timber from America and the Baltic, and of articles of
British manufacture. In a late year, 116,11* quarters
of grain, and .5140 cwt. of flour and meal were shipped
hence for different ports in England and Scotland.
The number of vessels registered as belonging to the
port, in that year, was 6, of the aggregate burthen of
123 tons ; 4 foreign vessels and 97 from Briti.'^h ports
entered inwards, and one foreign vessel and 153 to
652
British ports cleared outwards, in the same year. The
herring-fishery is still carried on here, though not so
extensively as in l/SO, when the port was established
for its use ; the number of boats employed, and the
quantity of fish taken, vary considerably. In the neigh-
bourhood are three very productive salmon-fisheries,
and the market is plentifully supplied with all kinds of
fresh-water fish throughout the year. The port is ad-
vantageously situated for trade at the head of Clew bay,
which is S miles in breadth and from 10 to 12 in length,
and has two entrances, one on the north and another
on the south of Clare Island, which occupies about a
third part of the mouth of the bay, and on which a
lighthouse has been erected. The ordinary channel
leading into the harbour of W^estport is that of Beulas-
crona, which is marked out by a small lighthouse on
the northern beach, erected by the corporation for im-
proving the port of Dublin. The entrance is 240 fa-
thoms wide and 6 fathoms deep : there are shoals on
each side, extending on the north from 200„to 300 fa-
thoms N. \V. byW. of the light, and on the south, or
Doreinnis (otherwise Doreinch) side, nearly half a mile
in the same direction seaward ; but the intermediate
channel is clear (S. E. by E.). When within the en-
trance, a vessel may anchor any where behind the bar
of stones on the south side, called Doreinnis, in two
fathoms or less, and this is the ordinary place for ves-
sels trading to Westport : or, turning round the eastern
end of the isle, a vessel may enter the harbour of Inuis
Gort, which is completely sheltered on all sides, and
anchor in from three to five fathoms ; or, passing the
entrance to Innis Gort, may anchor behind an island
on the left, called Innis Lyre, in two fathoms or less.
From Innis Lyre up to the quays at Westport, buoys
are placed along the channel, a distance of three miles :
vessels drawing 13 feet of water can come up to the
quays, where the spring tides rise to the height of 14
and neap to 8 feet. The quays, which are an English
mile from the town, are now being extended, and when
completed will be nearly a mile in length. A commo-
dious range of warehouses and stores, capable of contain-
ing 40,000 tons of grain, has been built for the merchants
of the town ; and ranging with them are the king's stores,
a neat building but less extensive.
In the town is an extensive distillery established in
1S26, producing annually about 60,000 gallons of
whisky and consuming 29,000 bushels of grain ; a
brewery belonging to the same proprietor, and esta-
blished by his father in 1800, has very much declined
since the reduction of the duty on spirits, but is still
considerable. In these concerns about 150 men are
regularly employed. Another brewery, with a malting
concern, has been established by Messr.s. Graham, who
have two salt-works and three corn-stores on the quay,
and a tannery in the town ; affording together employ-
ment to 30 persons, and to double that number during
the winter. The Manor flour and oatmeal mills were
built in ISOS, and are set in motion by two water-
wheels equal in power to 30 horses. At Cloonagh,
within two miles of the quay, are two very extensive
flour-mills propelled by a considerable water-power
throughout the year ; there is also a corn and flour-
mill near the quay : all are in full operation. At Bel-
clare is a cotton-factory, with 26 looms, affording em-
ployment to 30 men and a considerable number of
W E X F
W E X F
women and children. About two miles from the town
are a bleach-green and linen and cotton manufactory,
in which are 24 power-looms, producing weekly 48
webs of 5'2 yards each, and affording constant employ-
ment to 50, and when in full operation to more than
'ZOO, men. The market is on Thursday ; and fairs are
held on Jan. 1st, May 25th, Aug. 6th, and Dec. 1st. A
branch of the Bank of Ireland was lately established
under the direction of Messrs. Clendining.
A chief constabulary police force is stationed in the
town, which is also the head of the coast-guard district,
comprising the stations of Innisturk, Old Head, Island-
more, Mynish, Achilbeg, and Keem, and including a
force of 6 officers and 52 men, under the control of a
resident inspecting commander. There are very com-
modious barracks, capable of accommodating five com-
panies of infantry, and occupying a healthy situation
commanding a view of the entire town. The general-
sessions for the county are held here in April and Oc-
tober, and petty-sessions every Thursday ; a manorial
court is held on the last Friday in every month, at
which debts not exceeding £10 Irish are recoverable.
The court-house is a neat and well-adapted building ;
there are also a good market-house and a linen-hall.
The parish church is situated within the demesne of the
Marquess of Sligo ; and on the Mall is a handsome
Roman Catholic chapel, erected in 1820 by Dr. Kelly,
at an expense of £6000 ; the altar is embellished with
a fine painting of the Crucifixion. There are places of
worship for Presbyterians and Wesleyan Methodists.
Two large free schools have been erected, one of which
is under the direction of the National Board ; the other
is a free Protestant school, built and supported entirely
by voluntary contributions of the inhabitants. On the
estate of Mr. Garvey are some interesting remains of
the ancient abbey of Murrisk, founded by the O'Malleys,
for Augustinian friars.
WEXFORD (County of), a maritime county of the
province of Leinster, bounded on the north by the
county of Wicklow ; on the west by those of Carlow
and Kilkenny, and Waterford harbour; on the south
by the Atlantic Ocean ; and on the east by St. George's
Channel. It extends from 52° 2' to 52° 44' (N. Lat.)
and from 6° 17' to ~° 4' (\V. Lon.) j comprising an
extent, according to the Ordnance survey, of 5*6,588
statute acres, of which 510,702 are arable, 45,501 un-
cultivated, 14,325 in plantations, 2392 in towns and
villages, and the remainder covered by water. The
population, in 1S21, was 170,806 j in 1831, 182,991;
and in 1841, 202,033.
The whole or the greater portion of the county was
inhabited in the time of Ptolemy by the Mcnapii, whose
territory bordered on the Modoiius, now called the river
Slaney, on the bank of which stood their chief town
Menapia, supposed to have occupied the site of the pre-
sent town of Wexford. They are considered to have
derived their origin from the Mcnapii of Belgic Gaul,
perhaps through the Belgre of Britain, and to have been
the race styled by Irish annalists Fir-bolgs, i. e., J'iri
Bvlgici, or Belgians. Some writers are of opinion that
the peninsula of Hook, the most southern point of the
county, is the Hieron Promontoriuin, or " Sacred Pro-
montory," of the Grecian geographer. Before the
arrival of the Danes or English, the county was distin-
guished by the names Corteigh, Moragli, and Laighion,
653
all signifying "the maritime country." The first of
these appears to be preserved in the designation of En-
niscorthy; the second, it is thought, gave the family
name to the chief Mac Murrough or Mac Murchad ;
and from the third came the denomination of Leinster,
which, in the productions of the Irish, Danish, and
Latin writers towards the close of the middle ages, is
mostly confined to Wexford. This and the adjoining
county of Wicklow were also distinguished by the name
of Dalmuchscrd, or " the maritime counties." Weisford,
from which its present name is formed, was given to its
chief town by the Danes, who, after devastating the
country by predatory incursions, made the town of
Wexford the centre of a permanent settlement. In
later times, a popular designation of this district was,
according to Camden, County Reogh, or "the rough
county ;" and the northern part was included in Ily
Kinselagh, the peculiar territory of the Mac Mcii-
ROUCHS, afterwards known by the name of Kavanagh.
A principal seat of the royal family of Leinster was at
Ferns, in this territory, the favourite place of residence
of the last king, Dermod Mac Murrough. Hither he
conveyed Dervorghal, wife of O'Rourk, Prince of
Breffny, whom he carried off from her husband ; and
after he had been driven out of the country, by Roderic,
King of Ireland, and had engaged the assistance of
some English leaders to reinstate him in his authority,
he returned to this part to await in the privacy of the
abbey the arrival of his new allies.
The landing of the first body of the English took
place at Bagenbon, on the south side of Fethard bay, in
the south- western part of the county, in May, 1169-
The party consisted of 30 knights, 60 men at arms, and
300 archers, under the command of Robert Fitz-Sfe-
phen, whom Mac Murrough had engaged in the attempt
by the promise of conferring on him the town of Wex-
ford, with a large adjacent territory. Being reinforced
by Maurice Prendergast, who landed on the following
day at the same place with 10 knights and 200 archers,
and joined by Mac ISIurrough, Fitz-Stephen attacked
Wexford; but its Danish inhabitants made a stubborn
resistance, and it was not until after a contest of four
days that they were induced to surrender on articles,
through the interference of the clergy. Mac Murrough
then made the grant in favour of Fitz-Stephen, and his
companion in arms, Maurice Fitzgerald ; he also granted
two cantreds, which lay between the town of Wexford
and the Suir, to Harvey de Monte Marisco or Montmo-
rency, the uncle of Strongbow and another associate of
Fitz-Stephen. The successful settlement of the Eng-
lish, whose numbers were augmented by reinforcements
from their own country, alarmed the other native
princes ; and Roderic, King of Ireland, aided by a con-
federacy of the subordinate chiefs, made an effort to
drive out both the rebellious king of Leinster and his
allies. To resist this formidable invasion, Mac Mur-
rough fortified himself in a strong position near Ferns,
and presented such a front to the assailing army, that
hostilities terminated in a treaty between the Irish
kings, in which a secret article was inserted for the
expulsion of the English. But the arrival of additional
forces eave a new direction to Mac JIurrough's views.
Aided by them he took the city of Dublin from the
Danes, and was projecting a scheme for asserting bis
right to the monarchy of the whole island, when the
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arrival of Ricliard de Clare, surnamed Strongbow,
Earl of Chepstow, gave a new turn to the aspect of
affairs ; extending still wider by his conquests the
power of the English arms and the ambitious views of
Dermod, whose daughter Eva he espoused. Fitz-Ste-
phen and his party, to secure their new possessions,
had erected the Castle of Carrigg near Wexford, where
the native inhabitants quickly besieged them ; and they
were induced to surrender on articles, by the false intel-
ligence of the death of Srongbow and the extirpation of
his followers. On surrendering, most of his men were
killed ; and Fitz-Stephen himself was committed to
the island of Beg-Eriu, in Wexfnrd harbour, where all
the native inhabitants of the town sought safety on the
approach of Strongbow with his victorious forces. The
latter, however, was deterred from practising hostilities
towards them by a threat that the imprisoned leader's
life should be answerable for such a proceeding ; so
that Fitz-Stephen remained in captivity until the arrival
of Henry II., to whom he was given up by his ca[)tors
on a promise of redress for any ill treatment inflicted
by him on the natives.
After the death of Mac Murrough in 11*2, Strong-
bow became lord of Leinster, which was confirmed to
liim as a palatinate in the same year by Henry II., when
he visited Ireland. This monarch at first retained the
town of Wexford in his immediate possession; but in
the year 117-t he granted it to the earl, who made it
one of the principal seats of his power, which extended
over the whole of the present county, as well as the
other parts of Leinster. The county of Wexford is one
of those erected by King John in 1210 ; and it formed
part of the inheritance of William le Mareschal, who
succeeded to the possessions of Earl Strongbow by
marriage with his daughter. On the extinction of the
male line of William Earl Marshal, his possessions
were divided among his five daughters ; and the corpus
comitatiis of Wexford, with the assizes, perquisites, &c.,
valued at £50. 12. 6., and the burgh of Wexford, valued
at £42. 1. 5., with the manors of Rossclare, Carrick,
Ferns, &c., were assigned to the second daughter, Joan,
married to Warren de Mountchensy, the richest baron
in England. Through this marriage, the lordship de-
scended by the female line successively to William de
Valence, Earl of Pembroke and half-brother of Henry
III., and to Lawrence, Lord Hastings of Abergavenny ;
after the death of whose grandson, John Hastings, Earl
of Pembroke, the king, in the year 1395, ordered posses-
sion of all his estates to be given to his next heirs. The
lordship of Wexford came to the family of Talbot, and
was inherited by John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, who,
in 1446, was created Earl of Waterford and Baron of
Dungarvan.
In the meantime, however, in consequence of these
changes and the non-residente of the great English
lords, the county fell into a state of such confusion,
that, in the beginning of the fourteenth century, a great
part of it was seized by one of the Kavanaghs, who as-
sumed the title of Mac Murrough, declared himself king
of Leinster, and maintained possession of a large por-
tion of Carlow and Wexford by means of his alliance
with the O Tooles and Byrnes, the chieftains of Wick-
low. Nor did the county suffer merely from the efforts
of the natives to regain their ancient dominion. John
Esmond, Bishop of Ferns, having been deprived of his
654
episcopal dignity by the pope in the year 1349, main-
tained himself in his castle of Ferns, in defiance of the
power of his superiors. The sheriff declared himself
unable to execute the king's writ against him, and he
was at length with difficulty brought to enter into arti-
cles to keep the peace. His immediate successor was
equally warlike, for, when his castle was assaulted by
some Irish septs about the year 1360, he made a sortie
in person at the head of his servants and retainers, and
routed the assailants with considerable slaughter. During
the minority of George, great grandson of John, Earl of
Shrewsbury, it was enacted by parliament, in 14*4, that
Gilbert Talbot, Esq., might exercise and enjoy the
liberty of the county of Wexford, with cognizance of
all pleas and jurisdictions royal, under the name of
Seneschal of the Liberty of Wexford, with power to
appoint all officers established of old within that liberty.
Earl George afterwards enjoyed it, until 1537, when an
act was passed vesting in the crown this and the other
possessions of the great absentee lords of Ireland, and
the separate jurisdiction of the liberty was thereby ter-
minated. During its existence, the county returned
two sets of representatives to the Irish parliament ; two
members being sent for the liberty, in which the re-
turn was made by the lord's seneschal ; and two for the
Cross, or Church lands within the county, over which
was a sheriff appointed by the king, to whom the writs
were addressed.
In the year 1571 the people of this county had a feud
with the Kavanaghs of Carlow, in which 30 gentlemen
of rank in Wexford were killed ; but it led to no im-
portant consequences. In the civil war which broke
out in 1641, this was the scene of important military
operations : the Marquess of Ormonde was repulsed in
the early part of it, from before New Ross. Duncannou
Fort was afterwards taken by the Roman Catholic party,
who thus became masters of the whole ; but in I6l9the
county was reduced to submission by Cromwell, who
put the garrison of Wexford to the sword in the same
sanguinary manner in which Drogheda had been treated.
In the war of the Revolution it was much less distin-
guished; and from this period the history of the county
presents a perfect blank, until 179H, when it acquired a
melancholy notoriety as the chief seat of the insurrec-
tion of that year.
In the month of April, 1798, the county was sub-
jected to martial law, in consequence of the suspicions
of the secret organization of the society of United Irish-
men, which had already pervaded most of the other
counties, having been extended to it ; but it was not
until after actual hostilities had broken out in other
parts, that any military force was sent hither. The
burning of the chapel of Boulavogue, in the parish of
Kilcorrauck, by the military, and the cruel treatment of
the peasantry in order to force them to confess their
guilt, hastened the assembly of the people in arms on
the two neighbouring hills of Oulart and Kilmacthomas.
They were immediately driven from the latter position
with some loss ; but at the former they routed and cut
to pieces the detachment of the military sent to disperse
them. Increasing now in numbers and in confidence,
the insurgents attacked Enniscorthy the next day, and
forced the garrison to fall back upon Wexford. Having
at the same time cut off a party of infantry and artillery
that was advancing from Duncannon Fort to strengthen
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the garrison of the latter place, the insurgents moved
upon that also ; and the garrison made a hasty re-
treat to Waterford. At this time a camp was
formed at Vinegar hill, in the immediate vicinity of
Enniscorthy, which was the head-quarters of the insur-
gent army during its short existence. The possession
of Wexford gave occasion to the slaughter of many
of the loyalists who had not been able to effect a timely
escape, and also of several of the prisoners brought in
from time to time ; nor were these atrocities without
their counterpart in the excesses of the royalist soldiery.
At the commencement of hostilities, Beauchamp Bagaal
Harvey, Esq., a Protestant gentlemen of the county,
who had long signalised himself as an advocate of the
people, and an enemy to the measures of the Irish
government, had been chosen general. A few days sub-
sequently to the occupation of Wexford, the insurgents
attacked the town of New Ross, but after ten hours'
hard fighting they were repulsed on all sides with con-
siderable loss ; shortly afterwards Harvey was super-
seded, and the command was given to a Roman Catho-
lic clergyman named Roche. The royal forces which
had been collecting from various parts now made a
simultaneous attack from all sides on the position of
Vinegar hill, which was taken with little difhculty, and
the main body of insurgents forced to retreat. The re-
capture of Wexford immediately followed, and a fresh
torrent of blood was poured forth in the punishment of
numbers engaged in the rebellion, which was thus ter-
minated in this district, except in the lingering efforts
of detached parties.
The county, with the exception of parts of two
parishes, which are in the diocese of Dublin, is entirely
within the diocese of Ferns. For civii, purposes it is
divided into the baronies of Ballaghkeen, Bantry,
Bargy, Forth, Gorey, Scarawalsh, Shelburne, and
Shelmalier East and West. It contains the ancient
episcopal town of Ferns ; the borough and market
towns of Wexford and New Ross ; the market and post
towns of Gorey, Enniscorthy, Newtownbarry ; the dis-
franchised borough of Fethard ; and the post-towns of
Arthurstown, Broadway, Clonegal, Camolin, and Tagh-
mon, the last of which was anciently a borough, as
were also Clonmines and Bannow. The minor posts
are Ballycarney, Banuow, Bridgetown, Duncaunon,
Kyle, and Oulart. It sent eighteen members to the
Irish parliament, two being for the county at large, and
two for each of the boroughs of Wexford, New Ross,
Gorey, Enniscorthy, Taghmon, Fethard, Clonmines, and
Banuow ; but since the Union its representatives in the
Imperial parliament have been, two sent by the county,
and one for each of the boroughs of Wexford and New
Ross. The county members are elected at Wexford.
The shire is included in the Leinster circuit : the
assizes are held at Wexford ; general sessions of the
peace are held twice in the year at each of the towns of
Gorey, Wexford, Enniscorthy, and New Ross ; and
petty-sessions are held, at various intervals, at each of
the above towns and at Newtownbarry, Burkestown,
Clonroche, Duncormuck, Killinick, Oulart, and Tagh-
mon. The county gaol is at Wexford, and there are
bridewells at New Ross, Gorey, and Enniscorthy. The
local government is vested in a lieutenant, 16 deputy-
lieutenants, and til other magistrates. The number of
constabulary police stations is 43. The district lunatic
635
asylum is at Carlow, the county infirmary at Wexford .
there are fever hospitals at Wexford, New Ross, Gorey,
Enniscorthy, Arthurstown, Castleborough, Oulart, and
Newtownbarry ; in each of which places is a dispensary,
as also at Taghmon, Kilcavan, Bannow, Broadway,
Ferns, Bridgetown, Killenagh, Skreen and Ardcolm,
and Chmgeen and Newbawn. The grand jury present-
ments for the year 1844 were £;J5,'26h. In the military
arrangements the county is in the Dublin district, and
within its limits are barracks at Wexford, New Ross,
and Duncaunon, for cavalry, artillery, and infantry ; the
whole capable of accommodating 18 officers and 3/2
men.
This district is much detached from the rest of Ire-
land, having the sea on its eastern and southern sides,
and the estuary of the Suir and the river of Ross
along the greater part of its western border, the re-
mainder of which and the northern side are hemmed in
by a lofty range of mountain land, through which there
are but few lines of communication. The mountains
on the side of the county of Wicklow extend from .S7iere-
biiii, a beautiful conical hill covered with verdure, to the
valley through which the Slaney flows, the river dividing
this part of the range from the still more extensive and
lofty chain of Mount Leiiisler and the Hlachstciirs, three
remarkable pointed summits of which are distinguished
by the names of the "Leaps of Ossian's Greyhounds. "
Except on the confines, there are no high or extensive
ridges of mountains; but the surface is diversified with
many single hills, of considerable height, and, towards
the south-east, the mountain of Forth forms a ridge
about 500 feet above the level of the sea, extendmg ,5
or 6 miles in a north-eastern and south-western direc-
tion. The general surface between these single hills
does not expand into large plains : the land declines
from the primitive mountains on the north towards the
sea in unequal elevations, and, where the depositions of
alluvial substances are considerable, the surface has a
beautifully waving outline, and is enlivened by numer-
ous gently winding streams. The Staiiey, which tra-
verses the northern and eastern part, presents a succes-
sion of highly picturesque views, beautifully ornamented
with remains of antiquity, and with modern mansions,
villas, and plantations. The scenery on the Barrow, in
the vicinity of New Ross, is marked by grander features,
and can scarcely be surpassed. The southern baronies
of Bargy and Forth, which are shut out from the
remainder of the county by the Forth mountain, con-
sist of low land that owes its attractions more to
human labour and ingenuity than to the gifts of na-
ture. The entire county presents nothing meriting the
name of lake, except Laity's Island Lake, in Forth, which
claims notice, not from its extent or beauty, but from
the singularity of its formation, receiving several small
rivulets and having no natural outlet, so that once in
every three or four years an opening is cut through the
sand-bank which separates it from the sea.
The SEA-COAST on the eastern side presents no open-
ing for shelter from foul weather from Arklow to Wex-
ford harbour, and is rendered still more dangerous to
shipping by a range of sand-banks parallel to the shore,
the most northern of which is marked by a light-ship.
Towards the northern extremity of this Ime of coast, a
harbour has been made for small craft at the inlet of
Courtowu, in Kilbride bay, cousisting of two rough piers
^^' E X F
forming a floating-dock. Wexford harbour is large and
capacious ; but its entrance is obstructed by a bar, and
the navigation is in other respects dangerous. The
Tuscar Rock hes about seven miles south-east of Green-
ore Point : it is marked by a revolving light of three
faces, two bright, the third a deep red ; a bell, also,
rings in foggy weather. In the northern part of We.K-
ford harbour are the islands of Beg Erin, or Little Ire-
land, and Great Island, both inhabited : the former is
of very small extent, but ancient fame ; the latter con-
tains about .SO acres. On doubling Carnsore Point, the
Saltee Islands, two in number, the Larger and the
Smaller, present themselves off the southern coast. A
late return from the resident incumbent of the adjoin-
ing parish on the main land, states that these islands are
considered to form part of the county of Tipperary.
The larger is a mile long and half a mile broad, but not
more than one-third of it consists of arable land ; the
lesser is about a mile in circuit ; both are high, and
contain some rocky pasture. From the lesser island to
the main land is a ridge of rocks called St. Patrick's
bridge, extremely dangerous, having not more than
from 7 to 10 feet of water above them at low tide.
Farther westward is Bagenbon Head, and near it the
small dry harbour of Fethard. What was formerly
called "Slade Island " is connected with Bannow by a
narrow isthmus of sand. The extreme south-west point
of the county is marked by a lighthouse at Hook Head,
140 feet high, with a steady fixed light. On doubling
this point the navigator finds himself within the grand
and safe estuary of Waterford harbour, into which the
united streams of the Suir, Barrow, and Nore are
received.
In the eastern and southern districts, which lie open
to the sea, the temperature is milder than in the ad-
joining counties of Carlow and Kilkenny. Snow seldom
continues on the ground ; the lands may be tilled, and
the surface is verdant, while those ten miles inland are
frost-bound, and their elevated parts covered with snow.
The southern district is subject to storms in spring and
autumn, and to heavy rains in winter ; but the harvest
is as early, if not earlier, than in the opposite Welsh
counties of Pembroke and Carmarthen, which lie more
southerly. It is even earlier here than in the north of
Devonshire ; and the climate is altogether eminently
favourable to the perfection of grain crops. The soil
is mostly of a cold clayey nature, being deficient in the
substrata of limestone and limestone-gravel, universally
found in the midland counties. On the whole, the
maritime districts are superior to those in the interior,
as to fertility. The entire of the eastern and southern
border has a deep alluvial soil, abounding in various
kinds of marl and calcareous sand, with some limestone.
The western and inland baronies . contain little marl ;
but in compensation for this defect they have abun-
dance of bog, which affords an adequate supply of turf
for burning the lime imported from the neighbouring
counties ; while the southern baronies are extremely
deficient in this useful article. The prevailing clayey
and gravelly loam, though apparently stubborn and un-
tractable, when judiciously under-drained and limed is
productive of abundant crops. In the Hook, a penin-
sula entirely open to the ocean, and little elevated above
its level, the subsoil is of a compact limestone, over-
spread with a thin layer of vegetable mould ; it pro-
656
W E X F
duces grasses of wonderful luxuriance, and both wheat
and barley of superior excellence.
The parishes along the sea-coast, particularly in the
baronies of Forth and Bargy, are divided into small
farms of from five to twenty acres, the competition for
which produces high rents, and on which is exhibited
that wonderful exertion of industry which seldom fails
to shew itself in Ireland where the inhabitants are
secured in the enjoyment of the fruits of their labour.
The CROPS consist of wheat, oats, barley, and beans ;
also tares, rape, and turnips. Barley is the principal
corn- crop throughout the county, and, though uncer-
tain, generally repays the cultivator by a luxuriant pro-
duce. Beans are sown on the lea after it has been
manured with marl ; the kind sown is the small horse-
bean, and the produce is generally exported to the W'est
Indies : in seasons of scarcity, this crop has been found
of great utility in diminishing the severity of famine.
The potato, however, is the staple crop here, as in the
other counties, and all the manure is used for its cul-
ture; the seed is planted with the plough in small
ridges, three rows in the ridge, and covered with the
spade. The general succession of crops is, potatoes,
barley, and oats ; but, in the barony of Forth, beans are
introduced. The sowing of clover, which has been for
some time increasing, is now very general ; but the
English green crops for winter feeding are still chiefly
confined to the lands of the resident gentry or experi-
mental agriculturists. In some parts, particularly in
the peninsula of Hook (already mentioned), the natural
grasses are very luxuriant : in the interior, on the cold
clay soils, they are thin and of little value ; the farmers
mainly depend upon artificial grasses. Dairies are nu-
merous, but they are not managed with the attention to
neatness requisite for ensuring the best kind of butter ;
nor is sufficient pains taken in the selection of a suit-
able stock of cows : nevertheless, there is a large export
of that article. In Forth and Bargy, the farmers ma-
nure with marl found in abundance in the interior of
those baronies ; also with calcareous sand, procured in
the vicinity of Duncannon fort : floating sea-weed is
much used in some parts. By these kinds of manure
the land is maintained permanently in a state of great
fertility. In Carne, where the tillage grounds are so
overspread with large stones that the superficial ob-
server would think the plough could hardly be used at
all, the land has been kept, from time immemorial, under
alternate crops of barley and beans, affording abundant
returns. In the eastern district, where also marl is
abundant, use is made of it : in this tract, too, particu-
larly on both sides of the Slaney, pebble-limestone is
burned, and applied to the purpose of manure. In the
western baronies, lime, brought with much toil and ex-
pense from the neighbouring counties, is the chief ma-
nure employed. The cottiers on the side of Mount
Leinster travel with a horse a journey of two days in
going and returning, to bring home a load of limestone,
forty loads of which are required for manuring an acre.
The farmers on the parts adjacent to the Barrov; and
Suir procure from the beds of these rivers, at low
water, a rich sediment of the nature of marl, but which
is so heavy that it cannot be carried to a distance with-
out much expense. Under all their various natural
disadvantages, the lands of this county, by incessant
industry and superior skill, are generally kept in an
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W E X F
excellent state unknov.n in many other parts of Ire-
land ; and in the baronies of Forth and Bargy this dis-
tirction is of long standing.
The fences in the southern baronies are in general
well kept, being formed of mounds of earth and sods,
planted on the sides and top with furze, which affords
good shelter for cattle, and has the additional advan-
tage of being extremely useful for fuel, while it presents
an impenetrable barrier against trespassing. In some
cases they are still farther improved by a row of quickset
on the summit, which increases both the shelter and
ornament. In those parts where turf is plentiful, less
attention is paid to the construction of fences ; and
there they are generally rugged and defective. The far-
mers are by no means so attentive to the improvement
of the breed of cattle as in many other counties : the
long-horned was prevalent, but the short-horned is now
most encouraged. Although all the farmers, even the
smallest, keep a few sheep for their wool and milk, the
common breed reared here is by no means of a good
kind, being long-legged, narrow-backed, large-boned,
and as wild as deer, insomuch that they are only kept
from destroying the fences and breaking into the corn-
fields by tying their feet with side lines : of the im-
proved breeds, the Leicester is the favourite. Swine
are numerous, but, like the former kinds of stock, not
in general of the best kind. The Poultry is excellent :
farmers, and even cottiers, rear vast quantities of turkeys
and other domestic fowl ; and many old leases contain
a clause binding the tenant to rear poultry for the land-
lord. In the neighbourhood of Wexford the fowls are
fattened by cramming, and sent to Dublin and Liver-
pool. There is a fair for poultry only, every Michael-
mas, at Ballyhack, where the various kinds are sold in
large quantities and very cheap, owing to the number
of small landholders who rear them at a tritling ex-
pense from their potato offal and a little barley meal.
Bees are in certain parts much attended to, and much
mead is made : means are used in some places to save
the honey without destroying the bees, by driving them
into a fresh hive instead of smothering them. A source
of profit, arising from the contiguity to the sea, is found
in the extent of sandy warren, which furnishes great
numbers of Rabbit!: yearly. The burrow of Rosslare,
near Wexford harbour, furnishes the market weekly
with 300 pairs for three months ; they are considered
peculiarly delicate and well-flavoured. Pigeons are also
attended to, and found profitable ; and, in consequence
of the growth of a peculiar kind of grass or sea-weed,
myriads of ff'ild-foul frequent the shores, the flesh of
which is of remarkably delicate flavour : the barnacle,
whynyard, widsreon, teal, and duck, are most esteemed ;
besides which there is a great supply of sea-fowl, which
are readily bought, though of inferior quality. Fuel in
some parts of the county is very scarce, especially in
places remote both from the sea-coast, where coal from
England can be obtained at a reasonable rate, and from
the mountains, where turf can be procured.
The great improvement which has been made in the
agriculture of the county, even within the last few years,
has been mainly effected by the exertions of two agri-
cultural associations, one in the northern and the other
in the southern part, in the success of which a lively
interest has been taken by the resident gentry, as well
by pecuniary contributions as by personal attendance
Vol. II. — 657
and encouragement : the former is held at Gorey, and
is in a flourishing state ; the latter, hi-ld at Fook's
Mill, is on the decline. An agricultural school was
carried on for some time at Bannow, and an horticul-
tural institution has been established at Kyle ; the par-
ticulars of each of which are given in the accounts of
Bannow and Kilpatriek, respectively.
The county, in its geological relations, forms part
of the day-slate tract which stretches, on the eastern
side of the granitic range, from the northern part of the
county of Wicklow to the Atlantic. The strata in the
southern portions are in some places considerably in-
flected, but in the northern parts of the county they
maintain a tolerably uniform north-eastern and south-
western direction, with a dip to the south-east ; and
the clay-slate is here found immediately in contact with
granite, which is the chief component of the Blackstairs
and Mount Leinster ranges. The Forth mountain con-
sists almost entirely of quartz rock, with a tendency to
the slaty structure from interposed lamince of clay-slate.
The strata range 2:>° north of east and south of west,
and dip 4.5° towards the north-west ; they are occasion-
ally traversed by fissures and by veins of quartz, and in
these veins appear in some places indications of lead,
copper, and iron. The lower grounds and eminences in
the vicinity of Forth are composed of alternations of
quartz-rock and clay-slate ; the former rock, which is
sometimes iron-shot and of a deep reddish hue, ranges
to the north of Wexford town, being its foundation, and
in its southern progress constituting the White Rocks
near Kerlogue. Clay-slate is visible on the south-
eastern side of Forth, and to the north-west is distinctly
seen at Carrigg bridge, and in several other parts around
the inner haven of Wexford ; it is traversed by con-
temporaneous veins of quartz, and probably contains
several beds of greenstone, blocks and fragments of this
rock being observable on the strand near Saunders
Court, and smaller pieces in the fields above and to-
wards the entrance of Edenvale. The general compo-
nents of the extreme south-eastern quarter of the
county are also quartz-rock and clay-slate interstratified,
disposed in the manner above described, and containing
occasionally beds of greenstone. Towards Carnsore
Point the land gradually rises, forming a low swell of
ground, composed apparently of granite, as great blocks
of that rock, with some few scattered masses of mira-
slate, occupy its entire surface.
The approach to a granite soil is indicated even at
Broadway village, a little north of the lake of Lady's
Island, where blocks of that rock and of mica-slate
begin to appear. The granitic base breaks forth again
in Carrigburn and Camorus hills, to the north-west of
Forth ; and blocks of granite are strewed over a part
of the county extending towards Bannow on the south.
At Caim, near the eastern foot of the granitic chain, the
clay-slate appears to contain several beds of greenstone;
and the bridge over the L^rrin stream is mostly built of
it. Traces of the same rock occur near Enniscorthy,
on both sides of the Slaney : the clay-slate and quartz-
rock in the vicinity of this town are sometimes much
intermingled. Vinegar hill and the craggy rocks stretch-
ing towards Solsborough are principally composed of the
latter; so also is Carrigrna-more, to the north-east.
But the principal ranges of elevated land, such as
Slieve-buy, Bree hill, Slieve Kelter, &c., are clay-slate ;
4 P
W E X F
WE X F
and quarries are opened in several parts of the line
adjacent to the granitic chain, some of the best slates
being raised in the neighbourhood of Newtown- Barrj',
and towards Kilkevin to the north-east. A black
slightly carbonated clay occurs near Enniscorthy, where
it was mistaken for coal and some trials were made in
consequence ; this rock generally contains finely dis-
seminated iron-pyrites, and exhibits also thinly inter-
spersed galena.
The eastern side of Waterford harbour, in this county,
consists principally of day-slate in strata nearly verti-
cal, but the rock is surmounted by a cap of sandstone
in Broomhill : a similar cap occurs more to the south,
in Templetown hill, which gradually declines till it
underlines the tongue of floetz-limestone which extends
to the extremity of Hook Point. This limestone is ar-
ranged in strata only a few inches in thickness, dipping
at an angle of from 4° to 8° towards the south, and
contains numerous bivalves and corallites : its con-
nexion with the sandstone is most conspicuous on the
eastern coast, proceeding along which to the north the
limestone becomes interstratified with slate-clay ; and
this latter rock at length predominates, alternating with
very thin beds of limestone, and acquiring a much
higher elevation. At the point of junction with the red
sandstone beneath it, at Houseland Castle, the latter is
of a fine grain and red cast : more to the north it ac-
quires a coarser structure, thick beds of conglomerate
being interstratified with fine-grained, red, perishable
sandstone. These rocks form a bold coast of abrupt
precipices, extending to Carnyven headland, eastward of
Templetown hill and south of Bagenbon Head. De-
tached portions of the sandstone shew themselves in
other places. The inner haven of Wexford is partly
lined with four isolated patches of this rock lying un-
conformably on the clay-slate ; it is of a deep red co-
lour, and is principally composed of fragments of quartz,
with a few of clay-slate, cemented by iron-shot quartz.
Park Point, on the south side of the haven, consists
chiefly of this sandstone arranged in strata from one to
two feet thick, which are sometimes separated by a thin
seam of red soapy clay. On the western side of the
northern extremity of the inner basin is another smaller
patch of red conglomerate, situated to the west of the
Castle bridge. In a dell westward of Artraniont Castle
is a similar small patch, and a fourth of larger extent
occurs in Saunders Court demesne. At Duncormuck
is another patch of sandstone, which comes in contact
with floetz-limestone ; and it is found in the Saltee
Islands, where it is based on the clay-slate. At Bally-
back, where Waterford harbour narrows to the north,
arc caps of sandstone conglomerate, reposing uncon-
formably on clay-slate, and containing many pebbles of
granite, but fragments of clay-slate are the predominat-
ing constituents. The great body of the rugged and
isolated hill of Taragh, east of Gorey, consists of por-
phyry, with a compact felspar base, that sometimes
passes into hornstone, containing inlaid crystals of
glassy felspar ; but greenstone also appears occasion-
ally. Besides the limestone of Hook Point, there is a
narrow slip at Drinagh, a mile south of Wexford, which
follows the coast for four or five miles southward, con-
sisting of a blueish-grey kind, containing corallites
and bivalves, and associated with a brownish-grey,
fine, granular magnesian-limestone. A third small
658
limestone district occurs at Duncormuck, and extends
from the coast into the interior three or four miles ; it
is generally of a reddish-brown cast, apparently derived
from the sandstone conglomerate in its vicinity.
A lead-mine was discovered at Caim, and wrought
for several years : the works were lately resumed. At
Clonmines the remains of an ancient mine are still to
be traced ; and galena has been found here, partly ad-
hering to quartz and rhomboidal ironstone, and partly
thrown on shore after storms by which portions of the
cliff had been torn away. The old heaps in the neigh-
bourhood are supposed to be the remains of the silver-
mines said to have been worked by the ancient Ostmen.
At Kerlogue, near Wexford, is a small vein of copper-
ore, of the malachite or carbonated green copper-ore
species. Specimens of plun)bago were foimd, about
twelve years since, at Greenfield, near Enniscorthy ;
and in quarrying for stone at Bloomfield, in the same
neighbourhood, about ten years ago, some fine speci-
mens of asbestos wei-e discovered, the only ones known
to exist within the county. The horns and bones of the
moose-deer have been found in the alluvial districts
both on the east and south, where there is marl.
About ten years since, a perfect fossil skeletcm of the
Cervus Megaceros, or gigantic horned deer of Ireland,
was found at Ballyhuskard, near the bog of Itty, ex-
ceeding in its dimensions the fossil deer in the Dublin
museum.
Much coarse woollen-cloth was formerly manufac-
tured throughout the county, but almost wholly for
domestic use. Cotton-works were erected at St. John's,
near Enniscorthy, upwards of thirty years since, but
were only carried on for two or three years : at the
latter place were also some iron-works. Linens, diapers,
checks, and woollens were wrought at Tintern, where
the weaving and spinning business was carried on to
such an extent that a yarn-market and a general-market
house were erected for the accommodation of the buyers
and sellers ; but both these buildings have fallen into
decay, though there are still many weavers in the
neighbourhood. The vicinity of the county to the great
Nymph Bank renders its fisheries an important ob-
ject of consideration. In addition to the supply of
deep-sea fish derivable from this source, the inhabit-
ants along the whole coast are mainly employed in fish-
ing : there are also numerous residents at every creek
that affords shelter for a few boats, who derive their
subsistence from partly their little farms on shore,
but mostly from the sea. A valuable fishing-ground
lies near the shore, adjacent to the Saltee Islands ; but
the want of a harbour adequate to the reception and
shelter of a good description of craft, prevents the
fishery from being followed, except in open boats.
There are two small harbours, one at Fethard, and the
other at CrossFarnogue at the eastern extremity of
Ballyteigue bay, which, inadequate as they are, enable
the fishermen to go out in the summer season ; but the
want of a good harbour prevejits them from partaking
much in the profits of the cod and herring fishery,
which is chiefly carried on in the winter. Shell-fish are
caught in great abundance along the shore. The oysters
are much esteemed by some for their size and flavour,
but they do not maintain that character in the Dublin
market : the lobsters are also reckoned to be of a supe-
rior kind. Salmon, white-trout, eels, and the pearl-
W E X F
w 1 : x I-
muscle, are taken in the Slancy. The chief commerce
of" the eonnty is in the export of agricultural produce,
especially barley, to various ports on the British coast.
The |)rincipal markets for grain are Wexford, Ennis-
corthy, and Castlebridge ; the first is the port for the
two others. New Ross has also a considerable trade in
the same produce. The surplus butter is either taken
to Gorey, and there sold for the Dublin market, or ex-
ported from Wexford and Waterford to Bristol, Liver-
pool, &c. There is also a consideraljle export of cattle,
pigs, and poultry, which are shipped at Wexford and
Waterford for England by steam.
The only large river is the Slaiiey, which enters the
county at Newtown- Barry, and flows in a south-eastern
course through Enniscorthy to Wexford ; the tide flows
up to Enniscorthy, and the river is navigable so far by
large boats : it receives the flcinn near Ferns, and the
Boro south of Enniscorthy. The Jianiwic is a small
stream falling into the harbour of the same name, and
chiefly remarkable for the historical reminiscences con-
nected with it. The Coriig, another small stream, falls
into the same harbour. The Oweinarra empties itself
into St. George's Channel at the fishing-port of Cour-
town, in the bay of Kilbride. The Barrow forms a
small part of the western boundary from Blackstairs
mountain to its confluence with the Nore, whence, as-
suming the name of the Ross river, it continues to skirt
the county, passing by New Ross, and having depth of
water sufficient for vessels of large burthen ; at Great
Island it exchanges its new name for that of the Suir,
with which it here unites, and the whole body of water
flows southwards, still skirting the county, and disem-
bogues itself in the capacious and safe estuary of Water-
ford harbour.
The RELICS of ANTIQUITY anterior to the arrival of
the English are very few, with the exception of monas-
tic buildings. A fine tumulus or rath stands at Salville
or Moatabeg, and another at Donamore, both in the
neiglibourhood of Enniscorthy ; near Old Ross is also
a rath or tumulus, and two of considerable extent are
to be seen near Dunbrody. Smaller raths are scattered
in numbers through the southern baronies : one of the
most perfect is that at Ballytrent, near Broadway, which
has a double mound and has been laid out as a pleasure-
garden. There are remains of monasteries at Wexford
town, Enniscorthy, St. John's to the south of Ennis-
corthy, Ferns, Dunbrody, Ross, and Clonmines. Tin-
tern Abbey has been converted into a residence, and the
houses of Ballyhack, Carnsore, and Clonmore, are now
parish churches ; the remains of Glascarrig are also
still visible, part being used as a barn. The sites of
the other monastic buildings are either uncertain or
wholly unknown : their names are Achadbabla, Airdne-
coemhain, Arbensis, Ardladhrann, Camross, Disert-
Cheandubhoin, Down, Drum-chaoin-chellaigh, Fion-
magh, Horetown, Inverdaoile, lunisbeg, Innisfcal, Kil-
doghan or Killogan, Maghere-nuidhe, Seanbhotha, and
Taghmon. There were religious houses on each of the
little islands of Beg Erin and Dcrinis. Near Carn-
sore are the ruins of a very ancient chapel, called St.
Vaugh's.
The remains of castellated buildings are more nume-
rous. At Wexford is White Castle, over against the en-
trance to the harbour ; also a castle within the town,
since taken down and a barrack erected on its site.
659
Two miles north-west of the town is Carrifiq Caslle,
seated on the pinnacle of a rock over the Slaney : two
miles from Wexford is also the castle of Barnloun ; and
that of Fenis is worthy of note both in an historical and
architectural point of view. One of the noblest and
earliest military structures of the English settlers is
Enniscorthy Ciistle. Another of these feudal structures
ia at Mtickmine ; Brown's Castle, on a projecting point
over the river Slaney, about two miles from Enniscor-
thy, is in ruins. At a short distance from Dunbrody
Abbey is a curious old fortress, called Cuistan-na-Dlahie,
or " Buttermilk Castle ;" and in the same neighbour-
hood are the rnins of Killesk, Knockagh, and Kithile
Castles. Of Ballijkeroge or Sutton's Castle, so called
from its founder, Roger de Sutton, considerable ruins
still exist ; and in the same district are a castle at
Stokestowii, another at Aldertown, a third at I'riest's
Haggard, and two in the Great Island. On the summit
of Moiintgarrett, a lofty hill that overlooks the town of
New Ross, are the ruins of an ancient castle, from which
a branch of the Butler family derives the title of Vis-
count. On the peninsula of Hook are the remains of
Slade Castle and Houseland Castle ; and on its extreme
point is the old fort Hook Tower, which has recently
been converted into a lighthouse. Duncormuck or Cros-
corinuck Castle, on the inlet of Bannow, owes its erec-
tion to the English settlers under de Montmorency.
There are the remains, more or less perfect, of nearly
sixty of these ancient castles or towers, most of which
are situated in the baronies of Forth and Bargy : the
principal, not already enumerated, are, Johnstown Caslle,
near Wexford, now incorporated with the modern cas-
tellated mansion of H. R. G. Morgan, Esq. ; Rathma<k-
nee, in the same neighbourhood, which was inhabited
by the Knox family within the last SO years ; Bargtj,
which gave name to the barony, also incorporated with
some comparatively modern additions ; Butlerstown,
Lingstoicn, Ballycogley, and Cloest, in the barony of
Forth ; and Ballyhealy, Balb/ttigiie, Baldwinstown, Coot-
hnlt, and Dane's Castle, in that of Bargy. Not far from
Duncormuck Castle is Strongbow's Fort, on the head of
Bagenbon, where are yet visible the remains of strong
intrenchments, attributed to that leader, though it is
more probable that they were thrown up by the party
under Fitz-Stephen, who landed there two years before,
as Strongbow's debarkation took place in the county of
Waterford. Duncannon Fvrt, on the eastern bank of
Waterford harbour, is modern in comparison with those
hitherto noticed.
WEXFORD, a sea-port,
borough, market, and assize
town, and the head of a
poor-law union, in the ba-
rony of Forth, county of
We.xford, and province of
Leinster, 74 miles (S.)
from Dublin, and 30^ (E.
N. E.) from Waterford, con-
taining 11,'25'2 inhabitants.
This town, which, as far as
can he inferred from the
earliest historical notices re-
specting it, was a maritime settlement of the Danes, is
thotight to have derived its name, anciently written
Weisford, from the term Waesfiord (Washford), which
4 P2
Seal of the late Corporation.
W E X F
W EX F
implies a bay overflowed by the tide, but left nearly dry
at low water, like the washes of Lincolnshire and Cam-
bridgeshire. Nothing further is known respecting it till
the time of the English invasion, when it was besieged
by Fitz-Stephen and Harvey de Montemarisco, imme-
diately after their landing at Bannow, aided by the
Irish army of Dermod Mac Murrough. The townsmen
at first marched out to give the invaders battle, but,
awed by their numbers and discipline, they retired within
the walls, after having set fire to the suburbs to check
the enemy's pursuit ; an assault of the besiegers was
gallantly repulsed, but at the end of three days the in-
habitants surrendered, on condition of recognising the
sovereignty of Dermod. The town, with two adjoining
cantreds, was then assigned to the two English leaders,
conformably with a previous agreement ; and Fitz-
Stephen, to secure himself in his new possession, imme-
diately commenced the erection of a castle in a position
commanding the pass of the Slaiiey at Carrigg.
After the main body of the English had proceeded to
Dublin, the Wexford men invested the castle, and,
having iu vain endeavoured to force an entrance, pre-
vailed upon Fitz-Stephen and his garrison to surrender,
by means of a fabricated account of the destruction of
Strongbow and all his companions in arms. On the
arrival of Strongbow, who, after the dispersion of the
Irish army before Dublin, had hastened to the relief of
Fitz-Stephen, the townsmen quitted "Wexford and took
refuge in Beg Erin, an island in the harbour, carrying
their prisoners with them as hostages for their own
good treatment. The plan succeeded : on the arrival of
King Henry, they gave up their prisoners, and were al-
lowed to return peaceably to Wexford, which they now
promised to hold under his authority. Henry, on his
hurried departure from Ireland to suppress an insurrec-
tion in Normandy, gave the town in charge to William
Fitz-Aldelm, Philip de Braosa, and Philip of Hastings,
with a body of 50 knights. In 1174 he granted the
town to Strongbow, who, during his residence in it,
celebrated the marriage of his sister Basilea with Ray-
mond le Gros and appointed him governor. In 1177,
Raymond received Fitz-Aldelni here on his arrival as
custos or governor of Ireland, and the latter placed his
kinsman, Walter Almain, in command of the place ; but
Raymond having been restored, soon after proceeded
by sea with part of the garrison to the relief of the city
of Cork, which was besieged by an Irish army. After
the death of Strongbow, and all the male issue of his
only daughter (who had married William Marshal, Earl
of Pembroke), and on the subsequent partition of his
immense property among his five grand-daughters, Wex-
ford was assigned to Joan, the second sister, who had
married Warren de Mountchensey. In 1318 the town
received its earliest charter extant, from Adomar de
Valence, into whose possession it and the lordship had
come by marriage with Warren's only daughter. In
1327, an Irish army under O'Brien was repulsed from
the town with great slaughter.
During the struggle between the houses of Lancaster
and York, the place was seized in 146'2, by Sir John
Butler, whose brother, the Earl of Ormonde, had been
just before beheaded by the Yorkists ; but having
rashly accepted a challenge from the Earl of Desmond,
who had advanced to dispossess him, to decide the con-
test in the open field, he suffered a total defeat : the
660
victorious earl held a parliament in the town next year.
The lordship, which had been conveyed, through the
female line, to Richard Talbot, who married the only
daughter of Adomar de Valence, continued in the pos-
session of his descendants, until forfeited in the '28th of
Henry VIII., under the act against absentees. By a
charter of James I., iu 1608, the castle aud borough
were granted to the corporation at an annual rent.
Upon the breaking out of the war of 1641, Wexford was
one of the first places that fell into the hands of the
insurgents, and became their chief port for receiving
military supplies from other countries. On hearing of
the approach of Cromwell, in 1649, the inhabitants at
first refused to admit any troops on the part of the
king, but afterwards consented to receive 2000 Roman
Catholics sent by the Marquess of Ormonde : the aid,
however, was useless, for Cromwell's troops gained ad-
mission either by force or through the treachery of
Stafford, the governor ; and the town was given up to
military execution, as had been the case with Drogheda.
The castle, and much of the corporation property, were
confiscated at this period. After the battle of the
Boyne, the town declared for William III., and was
garrisoned by his troops.
In 1793, a large body of the peasantry advanced
hither to rescue some Whiteboy prisoners. On their
approach, a detachment of the garrison was sent out to
disperse them, the commander of which. Captain Vallo-
ton, having ridden in advance of his men, for the hu-
mane purpose of expostulating with the insurgents on
their conduct, was cut down by a scythe : a monu-
mental obelisk erected on the Windmill hill commemo-
rates this deplorable event. During the disturbances of
1798, Wexford was the chief position of the insurgents
in the south of Ireland. After the defeat of a detach-
ment of the king's troops, at the Three Rocks, on the
30th of May, on their march to the town, it was evacu-
ated in a panic by the garrison, and immediately taken
possession of by the insurgents, who made it their prin-
cipal station, and kept it till the '21st of the following
month, during which time they put to death 91 of their
prisoners on the bridge. On the advance of the royal
army, however, after the total defeat of the main body
of the insurgents at Vinegar Hill, near Enniscorthy, it
was evacuated with such precipitation that a troop of
yeoman-cavalry, which had boldly galloped in advance
of the main body, in the hope of preventing the appre-
hended ill-treatment of their wives and families from
the paroxysms of despair of their opponents, entered
without the smallest check or opposition. Medals of
gold and silver were struck by order of the corporation,
to commemorate this event, and were given to the officers
aud privates of the corps. In 1804, the walls underwent
a thorough repair, at the expense of the corporation,
on which occasion a piece of plate was presented to the
mayor.
The TOWN is situated on the lower part of a hill, close
to the shore of the estuary of the Slaney, where it opens
into the broad but shallow expansion of Wexford haven.
The extent from north to south within the walls is
nearly a statute mile, or a mile and a quarter including
the suburb of Faithe at the southern extremity, the name
of which is a corruption of Feagh, from the parish of
St. Michael of Feagh, in which it is situated. The
streets are narrow, partially and indifferently paved, and
W EX F
WEXF
not lij^htcd : two attempts, iiiaile in 18:50 and 1833, to
bring the town within the provisions of the act of the
9th of George IV., for Paving, Lighting, and Cleansing
Towns, failed; the proposal being each time rejected by
a majority of a public meeting convened for its consi-
deration. An arrangement recently made with a Scotch
contractor to light the quay with gas will probably re-
naove pai-t of this inconvenience, by having the contract
extended to the rest uf the town. There are about
2000 houses, in general well built and of respectable
appearance ; the supply of water is partly by pipes laid
down by the corporation for improving the quays, and
partly from wells, or from the public conduit in the
corn-market, erected at the expense of the Marquess
of Ely.
Wexford is connected at
its northern end with the
grounds on the opposite
bank of the Slaney by a
bridge occupying the site
of one commenced in 1*94
and opened in 1795 : the
old bridge was constructed
wholly of American oak, at
an expense of £17,000, by
the late Emanuel Cox, an
engineer from the United ^ ■ i r- ■ ■ • c ;
„^&^ , ^. , ., , ^ Bruise- Commtsswners Seal.
States, and the builder of "
the wooden bridge at Londonderry ; its length was 15*1
feet. The collection of the tolls and care of the bridge
were committed to a corporation, consisting of the share-
holders who contributed towards its erection, and some
ex ojficio members. In consequence of its decayed state
the corporation had it repaired, or rather re-constructed,
at an expense of £6000, of which £4000 were raised by
a mortgage of the tolls, which let, in I83'2, for £700 per
annum. The structure now has two causeways pro-
jecting from the opposite side of the river, and of
the respective lengths of 650 and ISS feet; the road-
way of the bridge over the intervening space of 733 feet
is of timber, supported on '23 sets of piers of the same
material, with a drawbridge to permit the passage of
vessels with masts. A quay extends for nearly half a
mile from the bridge, having a general breadth of 60
feet, except near its middle, called the Crescent, where
it widens to 80 feet. On the opposite shore is the
Ballast-quay, so called from being formed by the
ballast deposited there by the shipping : it serves as a
breakwater for the protection of the vessels moored on
the side towards the town. The former of these two
quays has received a considerable extension to the south-
west by an embankment raised by J. E. Redmond, Esq.,
which carries it on in a direct line to the end of Fishers-
row, whence a communication with that part of the
country is opened by a road in the same direction to
the rock of Maudlintowu, where it forms a junction
with the Killinick road.
A branch of the Bank of Ireland occupies a very neat
structure faced with granite, forming the north-western
angle of the Crescent ; the Provincial Bank has an
establishment on the quay ; and there is a branch of the
National Bank. A building, with an exterior corre-
sponding with that of the bank, has been erected on the
Crescent-quay, for reading-rooms and a library ; and on
the same quay is a building for the accommodation of
661
the Chamber of Commerce, established in 1831 : two
other reading-rooms have been opened. The Wexford
Union Club, formed in 1833, is held in a building erected
for it on the quay. Two newspapers are published, each
twice a week, and professing respectively conservative
and independent principles. A small theatre was built
in the Back-street about thirteen years since, as a private
speculation, which not having succeeded, it is used as an
auction and commission sale-room, without any altera-
tion in its internal arrangements : a circulating library
is kept in its lobby. Balls for public charities and on
other occasions are given in the Assembly-rooms, a
handsome suite <>( apartments. The castle and its sur-
rounding grounds, granted by Cromwell to a person
named Borr, were sold about a century since to the
government by that individual's representative, who
contracted to convert it into a spacious barrack ; but the
transaction being made the subject of parhamentary in-
quiry, the contractor, who was a member of the house
of commons, was obliged to vacate his seat, and the
treaty was put an end to. The present barracks, situ-
ated at the commencement of the Faithe, form a con-
siderable range of building, capable of affording sufficient
accommodation for seven officers and 172 non-commis-
sioned oflicers and privates, with an hospital for twelve
patients. Several new streets have been opened within
the last few years, but much is yet to be accomplished in
the general improvement of the town, many of the cross
lanes which connect the principal thoroughfares being
of very unsightly appearance, extremely narrow and
irregular, and presenting almost every indication of
decay and poverty.
The inhabitants, in the time of the Danes, maintained
themselves by commerce and piracy : afterwards the
fisheries, and chiefly that of herrings, were their main
source of subsistence. At present, the staple trade of
the town arises from the agricultural produce of the
surrounding country ; the herring and oyster fisheries,
though still of some magnitude in the winter months,
having declined considerably, from the withdrawing of
the bounties, the poverty of those engaged, and the
want of safety harbours. The principal manufat ture is
that of malt, for which there were 38 establishments in
1S31, when from 70,000 to 80.000 barrels of malt were
made, by much the greater part of which was exported,
chiefly to Dublin : the quantity has since decreased. A
distillery, built on a large scale in the suburbs, con-
sumed 2.5,000 barrels of grain in the same year ; there
are breweries, tan-yards, and rope-walks, in the town
and suburbs. The magnitude of the export trade may
be estimated by the fact that, in 1831. upwards of
300,000 barrels of grain were purchased by the mer-
chants, chiefly for export either in the raw state or
malted : that of cattle <luring the same period was very
considerable; and 28,000 firkins of butter were ex-
ported. Since the place has been made a bonding port
the coasting-trade has diminished, but that to Great
Britain has Increased proportionally ; a store for bonded
tea has been erected. The amount of customs' duties
for 183.5 was £4920. 13.; for 1836, £6306. 10.; and
for 1844, £9501. The amount of the excise duties col-
lected in the Wexford revenue district, for the year
1834, was £4064; for the year 1838, £7439; and for
the year 1843, £8746. The amount of postage collected
in the town of Wexford in 1844, was £8/1.
WEX F
The PORT or haven is -^'IJ^^^^^^P^^
formed by two low sandy "^/^^l^sa^S-^,.^
peninsulas approaching each (^Q/^^^^^^C\:^^
other from the north and ^S^^X «*^^^o\^?(S
south, and separated by a ,
narrow entrance half a mile
broad between Rosslare and '
Raven Points. On the out-
side isabank of shifting sand,
which has been for some
years gradually increasing
so that in the part where it is ,, , „ * c ;
, , ^- T .u .• Harbour-Corporation Seal.
lowest, and which therefore '
is the principal passage to the haven's mouth, there are
only six feet of water at the ebb of spring tides ; and as
the rise of springs is but six feet, and at neaps from
three to four, vessels of every size larger than fishing-
boats must ride outside exposed to the danger of ship-
wreck before there is a sufficient depth of water to float
them in. The navigation, too, of the interior of the
harbour, a distance of five miles, is both intricate and
shallow. Several expedients have been suggested by
Sir John Rennie in a report on the subject, for the
diminution of those impediments to the safe navigation
of the haven ; but none of them have been yet acted
upon. Notwithstanding these formidable obstacles the
commerce is considerable : there are 1 10 registered ves-
sels, of the aggregate burthen of 8000 tons, and navi-
gated by 600 seamen, belonging to the port ; chiefly
engaged in the British and coasting trade. The port is
deemed a great nursery for seamen, as there is always
a large proportion of apprentices in the merchants' ser-
vice here. There are two steamers on the Wexford and
Liverpool station, one of which sails every week in
winter and twice a week in summer, carrying live cattle,
provisions, merchandise, and passengers. The shipping
interests have been materially promoted by the con-
struction of a patent-slip and ship-building yard, by
Mr. Redmond, at the southern extremity of his new
embankment ; the vessels belonging to the port were
previously built at Milford and Liverpool. The trade
with the interior of the country is carried on chiefly by
the Slaney, which is navigable to Enniscorthy. The
principal market is on Saturday ; there is one for
poultry, butter, eggs, and small wares, on Wednesday :
meat, fish, and vegetables are exposed for sale daily.
The shambles occupy one side of a street leading from
the quay ; the butter-market is held underneath the
Court of Conscience, the corn and potato market in a
square named the corn-market : poultry is vended in
the public street. Fairs are held on Whit-Monday and
the ^gth of June, on the Windmill Hill ; on the 24th of
Aug., in the Faithe ; and on the Saturday before Shrove-
tide, March I'th, May 1st, Sept. 29th, and Nov. 1st, in
the town.
The first charter to Wexford on record is that of
Adomar de Valence in 1318, already noticed, which
was confirmed and extended by that of the 12th of
Henry IV., in 1411, and again confirmed by Elizabeth
in 155S. The act of the 2Sth of Henry VHL for vest-
ing the estates of absentees in the crown, under which
that of Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, was confiscated, was
followed by another specially confirming the liberties
and privileges of the corporation of Wexford. A
third charter was granted by James I. in 1608, which
662
WEX F
was the latest in force when the corporation was dis-
solved by the act 3rd and 4th Victoria, cap. 108 : that
subsequently granted by James IL, in 16SS, having been
annulled after the Revolution. The corporation was one
of those subjected to the New Rules of the 25th of
Charles H. By the charter of James L the ground
within the ancient limits of the town and its suburbs
was made a free borough corporate, by the name of
" the Town or Free Borough of Wexford," to consist of
a mayor, two bailiffs, free burgesses, and commonalty ;
and the body so incorporated was called " the Mayor,
Bailiffs, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Town
or Borough of Wexford ;" the mayor to be a justice of
the peace within the borough and county, also escheator,
coroner, clerk-of-the-market, and master of the say;
and a court to be held every second Monday before the
mayor and bailiffs, with civil jurisdiction to any amount.
It also granted a guild of the merchants of the staple,
of which the retiring mayor and bailiffs were to be mayor
and constables for the ensuing year. At the time of
the passing of the act of Victoria, the mayor appointed
a deputy ; there were 23 other burgesses : no recorder
had been appointed for many years, and the mayors
court had fallen into disuse ; but that functionary still
exercised occasionally a right to attach the property of
persons about to go beyond the limits of his jurisdiction.
The corporation possessed large portions of its original
lands, which are now managed by Municipal Commis-
sioners ; but as many of them are let on long leases or
in perpetuity, at very low rates, the income from this
source does not exceed £270 per annum : tolls were
formerly levied to the average amount of £900 per
annum, but the demand for them has been discontinued
for some years, in consequence of the right being dis-
puted. A court of conscience is held every week for
debts under 40s'. Irish ; imprisonment for two months
by this court cancels a debt under 206., and for four
months one under 40»'. The assizes for the county are
held in the town, and also the Epiphany and Midsum-
mer general-sessions for this district of the county, at
which the mayor used to take precedence of all the
other county magistrates, on the pica of his commission
bearing date from the granting of the governing charter:
petty-sessions are held weekly, and special road-sessions
twice in the year.
Two minor corporations have been formed under an
act of the 34th of George III. ; these are the Quay or
Harbour Corporation and the Bridge Corporation. The
Quay Corporation, formerly composed of the mayor,
bailiffs, burgesses, town-clerk, port collector, and the
members for the county and town, with 36 others elected
by a majority of the persons atteudmg (seven to be a
quorum), is a corporation with power to levy rates on
the vessels entering the port, to be applied towards
making, maintaining, and improving the harbour, quays,
and passages to them ; it has also the regulation of the
pilotage and of the supply of pipe-water, and is invested
with certain powers towards the cleansing and economy
of the town. Under this authority the avenues to the
quay are kept in repair, and a pilot establishment has
been formed consisting of two smacks with a sail-boat
and row-boat attached to each ; the pilot station is near
Rosslare Fort. The borough corporation repaired the
streets up to the period of the interruption of the collec-
tion of tolls, since which the streets have been neither
w !•: X F
W !•: X F
cleaned nor repaired ; all the thoroughfares up to the
town are kept in order by the county grand jury. The
Bridge Curporation consists of the subscriljcrs to the fund
for building the bridge across the Slaney at Wexford,
who are empowered to levy tolls for defraying the ex-
penses of its erection and repairs, and to divide the
surplus revenue among the subscribers rateably. The
Court-house, situated on the quay, opposite to the end
of the bridge, is a neat structure, erected at the expense
of the county, and consists of a centre and two wings,
with its entrance under a pediment supported by two
columns. The County Gaol ami House of Correction
Stands at the entrance of the town from New Ross, in-
closed by a wall from 16 to '20 feet high, with an
entrance between two turnkeys' lodges. It consists of
a centre and two wings ; the interior contains 4'2 cells,
12 day-rooms, and 1 6 airing-yards, with a detached
hospital ; the male prisoners are employed at breaking
stones, or at the treadmill ; the females in washing,
spinning, and knitting. There is not, however, accom-
modation suthcicut for the average number of prisoners,
or for discipline and classification.
The borough returned two members to the Irish par-
liament, by a prescriptive right exercised without inter-
ruption from 13~4, till the Union, at which period the
number of its representatives was reduced to one, whom
it continues to return under the act of the 2nd of Wil-
liam IV., cap. 88. The number of electors, in 1841,
was 301, of whom 195 were £10 householders, and 106
freemen. The environs contain a number of handsome
houses and neat villas, the residences of the gentry con-
nected with the town. W'ithin the last few years new
roads have been opened between Wexford and Duncan-
non Fort, New Ross, and Enniscorthy, the last-named
of which is now the mail-coach road : a new approach
to the town from the Carrigg bridge road has been
contemplated, as has been the formation of a canal of
four miles to the bathing-village of Curracloe.
The ECCLESIASTICAL union of Wexford, in the diocese
of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Bishop, consists
of the rectories of St. Patrick's, Maudlintown, Kdlilogue
or Kerlogue, Drjnagh, Rathaspick, Kildavin, and Ard-
candrisk ; the rectory and vicarage of St. ^Mary's ; and
the impropriate cures of St. Iberius (Wexford), St.
Bridget's or Bride's, St. Selsker's or Sanctum Sepul-
crum, St. Tullogue's or St. Euleck's, St. Peter's, St.
Michael's of Feagh, and Carrigg. Of these, the parishes
of St. Patrick, St. Mary, St. Iberius, St. Bridget, St.
Selsker, and St. TuUogue are within the walls, and,
being entirely built upon, pay no tithe or dues of any
kind ; the rest, which are without the walls, are de-
scribed under their respective heads. The glebe of St.
Patrick's, now the site of the parochial school, contains
20 perches ; that of St. Mary's, now a dwelling-house
and offices, 2 roods ; of St. Selsker's, now a garden,
20 perches ; and of St. Tullogue's, the site of five small
houses, 1 rood ; making a total of 1 acre of glebe land
within the walls. By a return to a regal visitation in
1615, it appears that there were then 20 churches in
the town ; at present there are but two, those of St.
Iberius and St. Selsker. The former, erected in the
latter part of the last century, is now the principal, but
not the mother, church of the union ; that of Rathas-
pick being so considered, and the incumbent being
therefore inducted first into it and afterwards into each
663
of the other churches. It is a plain structure with stone
quoins and surmounted with a cupola ; the interior has
a gallery round three sides, and the fourth, containmg
the altar, forms a semicircular recess separated from the
body of the building by an open screen of two pilasters
and two columns. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners
lately granted £252 for repairs. The church of St.
Selsker is a small edifice, erected in 1818 at an expense
of £1400, in the early style of English architecture,
with pannelKd buttresses at the angles terminating in
pinnacles, and plain buttresses between the lancet-shaped
windows on each side, and a combination of three simi-
larly shaped windows at the east end ; the body of the
church is connected by a vestibule with the massive
ancient tower of the old chiirch : the interior is fitted
up with open seats instead of pews. There are several
monuments of great antiquity in the churchyard ; and
in St. John's churchyard is a handsome mausoleum
erected by J. H. Talbot, Esq., of Talbot Hall, to the
memory of his wife.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the union or dis-
trict of W^exford extends over the whole of the town
and suburbs, and includes 11 of the 16 parishes consti-
tuting the Protestant union : of the remaining five,
Drinagh, Rathaspick, and Kildavin are included in the
district of Piercestown ; Carrigg and Ardcandrisk, in
that of Glynn. The chapel of the Frajiciscaus has been
long used as the principal chapel of the Wexford union.
The conventual Franciscans settled here in the reign of
Henry HI. ; about the year 13S0 they obtained posses-
sion of the convent and church of St. Bridget and St.
John, which had previously belonged to the Knights
Hospitallers: at the Dissolution, the buildings and lands
were granted in perpetuity to two laymen. The com-
munity at present consists of a guardian elected trien-
nially at a general meeting of the Franciscan order in
Dublin, and six friar.-. The convent is a plain edifice,
with the exception of a modern addition erected for a
library, which contains a valuable collection of theolo-
gical works, chiefly of the early Christian fathers, and
also books in other departments of literature. The
building is surmounted by a turret with a cupola and
cross, and furnished with a clock ; it was erected under
the superintendence of the Rev. R. Walsh, late guardian
of the convent, who, with the aid of a subscription for
the purpose, also collected the library, chiefly from the
continent. The chapel, dedicated to St. John and St.
Bridget, and supposed to occupy the site of that of the
ancient monastery of the Franciscans, is a large unor-
namented pile : the burial-ground attached to it has
been enlarged, and a commodious house for the clergy-
man has been built adjoining the chapel, at an expense
of about £1000. A nunnery was established in 1818
for the order of the Presentation. The house, adjoining
the Franciscan convent and erected principally at the
expense of the late Mr. Carrol, of the Faithe, contains
a small chapel elegantly fitted up at the expense of the
Countess of Shrewsbury, who presented £200 for that
purpose ; it is open on Sundays as a public place ot
worship. Beneath the chapel is a commodious school-
room, in which the girls originally attached to the Lan-
casterian school, and those belonging to the Redmond
female-orphan house, are gratuitously educated by the
ladies of the order, and also instructed in useful and
ornamental needle-work. Tlie U'esteyan Methodists have
^^ E X F
W H E R
two places of worship : a congregation in connexion
with the Irish Evangelical Society, and another called
the Separatists, meet in private houses.
The Diocesan School for the see of Ferns, situated to
the north of the town, on the road from Ferry- Carrigg,
was built in 1800, at the expense of the county, on a
piece of ground leased by the late R. Neville rent-free
for 30 years, with a right reserved of charging it with a
rent not exceeding £50 per annum at the end of that
period, which has not been demanded by the present
proprietor. Sir \V. R. P. Geary, Bart. The school pos-
sesses accommodation for 40 boarders and 6 daily
pupils, and has a large play-ground attached : the mas-
ter receives a salary of £70, paid by the bishop and the
beneficed clergy of the diocese ; an additional salary of
£100 was paid by the corporation until the discontinu-
ance of the payment of tolls. The Parochial School,
founded in 18'24, and situated on the glebe of the parish
of St. Patrick, is a neat building, consisting of a centre
and two wings, and containing two schoolrooms, in
which both boys and girls are instructed j it is sup-
ported by the trustees of Erasmus Smith's charity, and
by voluntary contributions.
St. Peter's College originated in a bequest by the Rev.
Peter Devereux, P. P. of Kilmore, made during the ex-
istence of the penal code, which prohibited students for
the priesthood from being educated at home. The be-
quest consisted of a farm, the proceeds of which were
to provide for the education of two ecclesiastical students
in a foreign college ; the continental war prevented the
gift being applied to its intended purpose, and a large
sum accumulated, which, in ISIS, was expended in the
purchase of land and the erection of the buildings,
which are vested in the Roman Catholic bishop of the
diocese and two clergymen as trustees. The college
stands on Summer Hill, an elevated situation to the
west of the town, and presents the appearance of a large
mansion-house, containing accommodation for a pre-
sident, six professors, and 30 resident pupils, with class-
rooms for 1.50 daily pupils. A large addition was
lately made in the Gothic style, containing a chapel,
library, and accommodations for a number of professors
and pupils ; it forms a quadrangle, the eastern front of
which exhibits a square tower in its centre with octan-
gular turrets at each angle : the interior is surrounded
by a colonnade in the cloister style, inclosing an open
area about 130 feet square. The course of studies com-
prises all the gradations of instruction from the rudi-
ments to the highest departments in the ancient and
modern languages, mathematics, physics, logic, meta-
physics, and ethics ; and should the wants of the
diocese require it, a course of theology to supersede the
necessity of students finishing their education at May-
nooth. The fees, the maximum of which is limited to
£28 per annum, are at present £25 for resident and £6
for daily pupils. Protestant children are admitted with-
out any interference with their religious principles : the
profits of the institution are applied exclusively to
charitable purposes.
The Wexford poor school, founded in 1809 by Mr.
W. Doran, is attended by upwards of 300 boys : an in-
fants' school, founded in 1830, affords instruction to up-
wards of 70 children in a building erected for the pur-
pose ; and there are other public schools. The county
infirmary, in the north-western part of the town, con-
664
taius 10 wards and 35 beds ; attached to it is a dispen-
sary, with a house for the surgejn. The county fever
hospital, erected in 1818 in the south-western suburb,
has six wards, containing 60 beds : during the preva-
lence of cholera it was used for the reception of patients
labouring under that disease. The Earl of Shrewsbury
has for the last few years given £50 per annum to this
institution. The late house of industry and lunatic
asylum were established in 1816, in the old gaol : the
former contained two departments, one for the aged and
infirm, the other for vagrants and prostitutes ; all the
inmates able to work were employed. The Redmond
female-orphan house was erected in IS'iQ, at an expense
of £1000 ; being the accumulated proceeds of a bequest
of £500 by Walter Redmond, of Bettyville, Esq., to-
gether with a donation of £200 by John H. Talbot, Esq.,
of Talbot Hall. The institution, originally intended
for 12 orphans, without religious distinction, but con-
taining accommodations for 34, is maintained by a be-
quest of £120 per annum from the founder, and is
under the superintendence of the Roman Catholic bishop
and five other trustees ; the children are received at an
early age, and apprenticed at 16. The house stands on
part of St. Peter's College lands. A savings' bank and
a loan fund have also been opened : the deposits in the
former amounted, in 1845, to £46,000. Some chari-
table bequests to the poor of W^exford and the adjoining
parishes are distributed by the rector, under the names
of Tottenham's fund, Browne's fund, and Tait's charity.
The union workhouse, on a site of seven acres held at a
rent of £58. 16., was completed in 1842, and is con-
structed for 600 inmates.
The ruins of the ancient monastery of St. Peter and
St. Paul of Selsker, consisting of a tower now forming
part of the present church, and some of the arches, are
still in existence. It is said that Cromwell, when he
destroyed the church at the sacking of Wexford, carried
away the ring of bells, and that they are now in one of
the churches in Liverpool : according to tradition, the
freedom of the town, and exemption from the port dues,
of Liverpool, were granted to the freemen of Wexford
in lieu of these bells. There are no remains of the
priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, or
of the Magdalene leper house. Some portions of the
town walls, with five of the towers, three square and
two round, are still in a sufficient state of preservation
to shew that the walls were 22 feet high, and were .sup-
ported on the inside by a rampart of earth 2 1 feet thick :
ruins of most of the old churches, also, are still visible.
Near the West gate was a strong chalybeate spring, now
closed up. Many coins have been found at different
times, but none of great antiquity : among them are
some of copper, of the dates 1605 and 1615, evidently
struck off for tokens by merchants or dealers to supply
the deficiency of legal coin. Near the Windmill hill a
rudely carved urn of unbaked clay, containing calcined
human bones, was found in 1831. Nicholas French,
anthor of " the Bleeding Iphigenia," and several other
political publications during the reign of Charles IL,
was a native of this town. Wexford gives one of his
titles of Earl, in the Irish peerage, to the Earl of Shrews-
bury.
WHERRY, a parish, in the union of Pabsonstown,
barony of Garrycastle, King's county, and province
of Leinster ; containing, with part of the post-town of
W H I D
Farbane, 3841 inhabitants. This parish is situated on
the river Brosna, and comprises 17,rj56J statute acres,
of which 80 are woodland and more than "000 bog; the
remainder is divided in nearly equal portions between
grass and tillage. The arable land is of very good
quality, and favourable to the growth of corn ; but the
pasture, except the lowlands near the river, is indifferent,
and the meadow land poor. The system of agriculture
is slowly improving ; there is abundance of limestone,
which is quarried for agricultural purposes and for
building. The principal seats are, Ballylen, situated
in a fine demesne ; Killygally ; and IMoyclare. Fairs
are held at Farbane on Aug. '^nd and Oct. 20th : the
Grand Canal passes within a quarter of a mile of the
parish. Wherry is a rectory, vicarage, and perpetual
curacy, in the diocese of Meatb : the rectory is impro-
priate in the Rev. J. Armstrong and the Rev. H. King ;
the vicarage forms part of the union of Tessauran ; and
the perpetual curacy, which is sometimes called Far-
bane, is in the patronage of the vicar. The tithe rent-
charge is £'20*. 14., one-half payable to the impropria-
tor and the other to the vicar. The glebe-house, an-
nexed to the curacy, was built in 1818 at an expense of
£500, of which 4.">0 were a gift and £50 a loan from the
late Board of First Fruits ; the glebe comprises 20
acres. The income of the curacy is £99. ?•, arising
from the glebe, a stipend of £55. 7-. payable by the
vicar, and an augmentation of £14 by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. The church of the curacy was built
in 1804, at an expense of £461 British, of which £32"
were raised by parochial assessment and the remainder
by subscription i a belfry-turret was added in 1819 by
the same means. In tlie Roman Catholic divisions the
parish is in the diocese of Ardagh, and is the head of a
union, called Farbane, comprising also the parish of
Tessauran : in each parish is a chapel ; that of Farbane
is a handsome edifice lately erected. There are remains
of old castles at Cool and Kilcolgan.
WHIDDY ISLAND, in the parish of Kilmaco-
MOGUE, union and barony of B.antry, county of Cork,
and province of Munster, if mile (W.) from Bantry ;
containing about 714 inhabitants. It is situated near the
inner extremity of the bay of Bantry, and extends from
X. E. to S. W. nearly three miles, having an average
breadth of about one mile, and comprising 12 IS statute
acres of land, chiefly under an improved system of cul-
tivation. It is remarkable for the variety of its soil,
which in some places consists of a rich loam, and in
others of rock, sand, and stiff clay : on the north side
are extensive rocks of a black shaly substance, soft and
unctuous, and much resembling black lead ; it is called
Lapis Hiberniciis, and was formerly given medicinally in
cases of inward bruises, but is now chiefly used by
carpenters as black chalk. Bogs supply the inhabitants
with turf for fuel ; and there are both a fresh and a salt
water lake on the island. Three batteries, each consist-
ing of a circular tower surrounded by a deep fosse, and
together mounting 18 guns, were built subsequently to
the descent of the French fleet here in 1796: there
were barracks for seven officers and 188 non-commis-
sioned ofiicers and men of the engineer and artillery
departments ; but the whole are now entrusted to the
care of one man. Along the eastern shore of the island
are five small islets, between which and the main land
on the east is the best anchorage in the bay, in five or
Vol. II.— 665
W H I T
six fathoms, quite landlocked, and secure from all
winds. On an eminence near the eastern point of the
island are the ruins of a castle, built by O Sullivan Bear
in the reign of Henry VI. In the reign of Queen Eliza-
beth it was in the possession of Sir George Carew, lord-
president of Munster; it was ultimately rie.'^tnjycd
by Ireton during the civil war of the 17th century.
There are also some vestiges of an ancient church, with
a cemetery attached. The island forms part of the
estate of the Earl of Bantry.
WHITEABBEY, or Wii.tehouse-Ahbev, a village,
in the parish of Carmoney, union of Belfast, barony
of Lower Belfast, county of Antrlm, and province
of Ulster, 4 miles (N.) from Belfast, and on the shore
of Belfast lough ; containing 96 houses, and 650 inha-
bitants. It takes its name from an old abbey, whose
picturesque ruins consist of a chapel, denoting the early
English style of architecture, but at what time or by
whom founded is not known. The inhabitants are
chiefly workers in the flax-spinning manufactory which
adjoins the village. There is a place of worship for
Presbyterians.
WHITECHURCH, or Templegall, a parish, partly
in the baronies of Barretts and Barry.more, but
chiefly in the barony of Cork, union and county of
Cork, and province of Munster, 5 miles (N. W.) from
Cork, on the road to Limerick ; containing 336S inha-
bitants. This parish comprises 10,515 statute acres.
The land is generally cold, and the soil light, resting on a
substratum of clay-slate ; it is chiefly under tillage, but
there are some large dairy-farms : the proximity of the
city affords the facility of procuring an abundant
supply of manure, and from the exertions of the Rev.
Mr. Horgan and others the system of agriculture is
rapidly advancing. A line of road lately opened from
Cork by the perseverance of A. Beale, Esq., proprietor
of the Monard iron-works, has stimulated the farmers
to clear their rocky grounds ; and having established a
trade with the city for flags and building-stone, they
are deriving an immediate profit in preparing their
waste land for future cultivation. This road was con-
structed at an expense of about £400, of which the
grand jury gave £190, three gentlemen of the neigh-
bourhood gave £25 each, and the remainder was
defrayed by Mr. Beale. In a romantic glen on the
western boundary of the parish are the iron-works, an
extensive manufactory for spades and shovels, to which
is attached a dye-wood mill. A copious and powerful
stream, which, after running for two or three miles in a
line with the Mallow road, enters the glen, gives motion
to the six water-wheels of these works, which occupy
three fine sites supplied by spacious ponds rising one
above the other, the iron-works being attached to
the first and second, and the dye-wood mill to the
third fall. The glen is handsomely planted, and, with
the ponds, weirs, and buildings, presents a very pictu-
resque and animated appearance. The Uving is a rec-
tory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the
patronage of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-charge is
£588. 9. The church, rebuilt in 1800, is a spacious
structure in the early English style, with a square
tower surmounted by a low spire. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the district
of Garrycloyne, or Blarney : the chapel is a large and
very neat edifice, and near it is a tower, erected in \b.H
4Q
WHIT
by the Rev. Mr. Horgan, in imitation of the ancient
round towers peculiar to Ireland.
WHITECHURCH, a parish, in the union of Rath-
down, barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin, and
province of Leinster, 5 miles (S.) from the General
Post-office; containing 1375 inhabitants. The parish
comprises 'iS73i statute acres, of very varied surface.
The northern portion, though lying high with respect to
the sea level of Dublin bay, is generally flat and of good
quality, highly improved by continued cultivation ; the
southern rises into heights of considerable elevation,
forming the base of the northern range of the Dublin
and Wicklow mountains. The Cruagh river and an-
other of smaller size, both carrying down from the high
grounds a large volume of water during the rainy season,
though nearly dry in summer, irrigate the whole district
from south to north, and after uniting their streams join
the Dodder at Rathfarnham. Each of these has several
mill sites, on which are paper-mills at present little used,
though capable of executing much work, and cotton-
factories that employ about l'.;0 hands in the aggregate :
attached to the works of Mr. Bewley are bleaching-
grounds and an extensive laundry. The mountain land
produces only pasturage, and about 5.50 acres of it are
a barren waste ; but there are inexhaustible stores of
granite, which is in great demand for the public buildings
and the more ornamented dwelling-houses in Dublin and
the surrounding country. The military road through the
county of Wicklow passes by the villages of Ballyboden
and Rockbrook.
The greater portion of the cultivated part of the parish
is mclosed in the demesnes and grounds of the gentry
who reside here, all of which, in consequence of the land
forming a gentle declivity from the mountainous parts to
the shores of Dublin bay, command fine views of the
beautiful and highly cultivated valley of the Liffey and
the basin of the bay itself, with its back-grounds of
How th, Lambay, and the Carlingford and Morne moun-
tains in the distance. Marlay, a residence of the La
Touche family, took its name from Bishop Marlay, whose
daughter was married to the Right Hon. David LaTouche,
by whom the place was built. The demesne contains
about 400 acres, and enjoys all the advantages which
fertility, high cultivation, variety of surface, a copious
supply of water, rich and varied planting, and extent of
prospect, can bestow : the gardens, containing about four
acres, are stocked with a large selection of native and
exotic plants, and have extensive ranges of glass. In a
sequestered spot is a mausoleum with a monument to
the memory of Elizabeth, Countess of Lanesborough,
sister to the present proprietor. Among the other seats
are, Hollypark, the beautiful residence of the late Jeffrey
Foote, Esq., situated at the base of Stagstown Hill, and
tastefully laid out, with a well planted deer-park at-
tached to it ; Glen-Southwall, better known by the name
of the Little Dargle, as being a miniature resemblance
of the valley of that name at Powerscourt, the seat of
C. B. Ponsonby, Esq., by whom the grounds are thrown
open for the inspection of visiters ; Larch Hill ; Her-
mitage ; the Priory, formerly the seat of the celebrated
and gifted John Philpot Curran, who resided here
during the latter part of his life; The Park; Eden Park;
Highfield; Sommerville; Elm Grove; St. Thomas;
Kingston; Cloragh ; Til)radden ; Grange Cottage ; and
Harold's Grange.
666
WHIT
The LIVING is a rectory and perpetual curacy, in the
diocese of Dublin. The rectory is appropriate partly to
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and partly to the in-
cumbent of Tallaght : the parish was erected into a per-
petual curacy in 1823, when it was separated from the
union of Tallaght, and the curacy is in the alternate
patronage of the Archbishop, and W. Bryan, Esq. The
tithe rent-charge is £163. 3., of which £39. 3. are pay-
able to the commissioners, and the remainder to the
incumbent of Tallaght, who allows the curate a stipend
of £69. 7. : 10S9 acres of the parish are tithe-free. The
church was erected in IS'26, at an expense of £'2000, on
a site in the grounds of Marlay, given by John David
La Touche, Esq. ; it is in the pointed style, with a tower
and spire : the Ecclesiastical Commissioners recently
granted £'283 towards repairs. The old church, which
has a burial-ground attached to it, and stands on an
eminence about half a mile distant, forms a picturesque
ruin. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is
part of the district of Rathfarnham. There is a Mo-
ravian cemetery in the grounds of Marlay, not far from
the church. Near it, also, is a school-house with
apartments for the master and mistress, erected in 1824 :
about 30 of the pupils are annually clothed. At the
Little Dargle are the ruins of a cromlech, the three up-
right stones of which are still standing, but the table-
stone has been displaced and lies on the ground near
them. At Larch Hill is a Druidical circle, with an altar
or cromlech in its centre ; and on Kilmashogue moun-
tain is a strong chalybeate spa.
WHITECHURCH, a parish, in the union of Naas,
barony of North Naas, county of Kildare, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 3 miles (X.) from Naas, ou the road
to Celbridge ; containing 3'20 inhabitants, and compris-
ing 3l65|- statute acres. It is a vicarage, in the diocese
of Kildare, forming part of the union of Kill ; the rec-
tory is entirely impropriate in the Earl of Mayo, and
the tithe rent-charge is £78. 15., of which £33. 15. are
payable to the impropriator and the remainder to the
vicar. A priory of Carmelites stood here.
WHITECHURCH, or Castlane, a parish, in the
union of Carrick-on-Suir, barony of Iverk, county
of Kilkenny, and province of Leinster, 2 miles (N. E.)
from Carrick-on-Suir, on the road to Kilkenny ; con-
taining 837 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the
river Lingan, near its junction with the Suir, and com-
prises 2186f acres, all arable and pasture land ; there
is abundance of limestone, and the system of agricul-
ture has much improved. The seats are, Castletown, a
fine mansion, situated in a well-wooded demesne, and
built by Archbishop Cox ; Ballycaushlawne Lodge ; and
Anneborough. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in
the diocese of Ossory, the one in the patronage of the
Crown, the other in that of the Bishop ; the tithe rent-
charge is £165. The church is a neat building with a
spire, erected by Archbishop Cox, and for which, in
1766, the Board of First Fruits gave £"200, and in
1820 £300. The glebe-house was built in 1812 by aid
of £400 and a loan of £316 from the same Board ; the
glebe comprises 16 acres. In the Roman Catholic di-
visions the parish forms part of the district of Temple-
orum. There is a dispensary.
WHITECHURCH, an ancient parish, in the unioa
of Clogheen, barony of Iffa and Offa West, county
of Tipi'erary, and province of Munster, 3 miles
WHIT
(S. \V.) from Cahir, on the road to jMitchelstown ; con-
taining 1274 inhabitants. This parish comprises 39'2'2
acres, the greater part of which is arable and pasture
land : the soil is mostly of a light quality ; and adjoin-
ing are the Galtee mountains. A woollen manufactory
was carried on some years since, but from want of pro-
per encouragement was given up. The parish is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore, and forms part
of the ecclesiastical union of Tubrid. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions it is the head of a district, called, from the
village, Ballylooby, and comprising the parishes of White-
church, Tubrid, and Tullaghorton, in which union are two
chapels ; that in Wlutechurch is a modern building.
WHITECIIURCH, a parish, in the union of Dun-
GARVAN, barony of DECiES-without Drum, county of
■W'aterford, and province of Munster, .5 miles (W.)
from Dungarvan, and on the coach-road from Water-
ford, through Youghal, to Cork ; containing 3403 in-
habitants. This place was the scene of repeated hos-
tilities during the parliamentary war. In 1645, Sir
Richard Osborne, then proprietor of Knockmoan Castle,
notwithstanding his scrupulous observance of the cessa-
tion of hostilities which had been previously concluded,
was closely besieged by the Earl of Castlehaven, to whom
he was compelled to surrender. The castle was de-
livered up to Lord Lisle in 1646; and in 1649, while
Cromwell was besieging Dungarvan, it was taken by a
detachment of his army, by whom it was afterwards
demolished. The parish comprises 99">'2 statute acres ;
the land is of good quality, and the system of agricul-
ture very much improved. Limestone abounds on the
low lands, and marl of rich quality is obtained in several
places ; on the high grounds, brown freestone and green
flagstone are in abundance ; manganese is also found
at Cappagh, but has not been worked to any extent ;
and at Carriglea is a stratum of pure black marble.
Ballyntaylor, formerly a seat of the Osborne family, is
in the southern part of the parish, within half a mile of
the picturesque ruins of Knockmoan Castle. The other
seats are. Mount Odell, the property of the Odell family,
of Carriglea, also in this parish, the latter a mansion in
the later English style, situated in a highly improved
demesne commanding fine mountain scenery ; Cappagh,
a handsome residence embracing some picturesque and
romantic views ; and Whitechurch, pleasantly situated
in grounds tastefully laid out. The farmhouses are of
very superior character. At Cappagh is a lake whence
a stream issues, which after turning a mill pursues a
subterranean course for nearly two miles, emerging at
Canty, where it falls into the river Brickey. A fair is
held on the 5th of August ; and at Cappagh is a con-
stabulary police station.
The LIVING is a vicarage, in the diocese of Lismore,
united to the vicarages of Lickorau and Colligan, and in
the patronage of the Duke of Devonshire, in whom the
rectory is impropriate : the tithe rent-charge is £393. 15.,
of which £'J6'2. 10. are payable to the impropriator, and
the remainder to the vicar ; the gross value of the vi-
carial benefice is £1S4. 4. 4. There is neither glebe-
house nor glebe. The church, towards the erection of
which the late Board of First Fruits granted a loan of
£600, is a neat edifice built in 18'27. In the Roman
Catholic divisions the parish forms part of the union of
Aglish : the chapel is a spacious edifice. There are som»
remains of the castle of Kilmoan, said to have been
667
W II I T
originally built by a lady, whose tombstone was long
shesvn here ; they occupy the sumniit of a lofty lime-
stone rock, surrounded by a deep morass, the only
passage across which was a narrow causeway. Near
Cappagh is an ancient building, said to have belonged
to the Knights Templars ; not far from Ballylemon,
when searching for marl, the skeletons of several moose-
deer were found. In the limestone-rocks are two ex-
tensive caverns, situated near each other. One, called
Oon-na-glour, or " the pigeon hole," is divided into two
chambers, through the inner of which runs a small
stream that disappears at Ballymacourty and after pass-
ing through this cavern emerges from its subterraneous
course at Knockane ; the larger chamber is of elliptical
form, and about 150 feet in length, very beautifully or-
namented with stalactites and crystallizations of various
forms. The other cavern, which is called Oon-na-mort,
contains numerous chambers, and has been repeatedly
occupied as a place of religious retirement. Near the
river Phinisk is a cavern called Oon-na-glour, about 100
feet square, the roof of which is very lofty in some parts ;
there is also a small cavern at Bewley, within a very
short distance.
AVHITECHURCH, a parish, in the union of New
Ross, partly in the barony of Bantry, but chiefly in
that of Shelburne, county of WcxFoftD, and province
of Leinster, 4| miles (S. S. \V.) from New Ross, on the
road to Fethard ; containing 13H4 inhabitants. After
the battle of New Ross in 1798, the insurgents under the
command of the Rev. Philip Roche encamped on Slieve
Kieltre, a lofty eminence partly in this parish ; and dur-
ing their continuance here, a detachment from the main
body destroyed a gun-brig lying off Pilltown. The pa-
rish is situated on the Ross river, by which it is bounded
on the west ; it comprises 5342:^: statute acres, chiefly
under tillage. The soil is in some parts good, and the
system of agriculture has in particular instances been
brought to a high state of perfection ; green crops, and
an extensive system of drainage, introduced by the late
Mr. Glascott, have been continued with great success on
the estate of Pilltown, and are gradually being adopted
on other estates. But in the central and inland parts
of the parish, the soil of which is chiefly of a poor quality,
the old system of agriculture is still practised. Lime,
and a testaceous sediment found on the banks of the
river, are in general use for manure. There are some
patches of bog on the sides of Slieve Kieltre ; and on
the summit of that eminence is an extended plain, form-
ing a good sheep-walk, and serving as a common for the
adjoining estates. A black mould resembling tin-ore
appears in veins in many parts of the parish, and there
are quarries of roofing-slate of an indifferent quality.
The river, which abounds with the finest salmon, is here
navigable for vessels of several hundred tons, and the
inlets to Pilltown and Camlin are navigable for small
vessels. At the village of Whitechurch is a station of
the constabulary police. One of the chief seats is Pill-
town, pleasantly situated on the Ross river, and sur-
rounded by an extensive demesne embellished with
thriving plantations. Landscape, a scat, derives its name
from the fine view it embraces of the river and the orna-
mental grounds of Castle .\nnaghs on the opposite bank ;
it is surrounded with a fine plantation of fir, sycamore,
beech, and oak trees. Stokestown is similarly embel-
lished ; and Killowen is a pleasing seat.
4 Q2
WHIT
WICK
The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of
Ferns, united by act of council in 1723 to the rectory
of Kilmokea, together constituting the union and corps
of the prebend of Whitechurch in the cathedral of
Ferns, and in the patronage of the Bishop : the tithe
rent-charge of the parish is £"261. U., and the entire
tithe of the benefice £484. 12. There is a glebe of 2
acres in this parish, and one of 12 acres in that of Kil-
mokea, on which is the glebe-house, built in ISIO by
aid of £100 and a loan of £600 from the Board of
First Fruits. The church is a plain building, with a
tower erected by subscription within the last few years ;
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners lately granted £190
for repairs and improvements. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the district of Hores-
wood ; there is a neat chapel near the village of Old
Court. At Strokestovvn is an excellent school-house
with apartments for the master and mistress, built at
an expense of £500 by INIrs. Erith Paul, who by her
will, in 1810, endowed the school with £800, and with
2| acres of ground for the use of the teachers ; she also
bequeathed a further sum, the interest of which was to
be applied for the relief of such poor aged and infirm
persons as her trustees should appoint. These legacies
were paid over to the Commissioners for Charitable
Bequests, but delays, occasioned by official difficulties,
occurred in their appropriation ; the funds accumulated
to about £6000, and are now vested in the 3^ per
cents., and the interest regularly applied as follows :
£50 per annum to the master and tuistress of the
school, £50 for apprenticing the children, and the re-
mainder, £107. 18., in annuities of £8. 6. per annum to
13 aged and infirm persons.
WHITECHURCH-GLYN, a parish, partly in the
barony of Shelmalier West, but chiefly in that of
Bantry, union and county of Wexford, and province
of Leixsier, 3 miles (N.) from Taghmon, near the
road to Enniscorthy ; containing I960 inhabitants. It
comprises 7187^ statute acres, partly in pasture, but
chiefly in tillage : the new road from Wexford to New
Ross passes through the southern part of the parish.
It is an impropriate cure, in the diocese of Ferns ; the
rectory is partly impropriate in the Earl of Portsmouth,
and the remainder, which was formerly impropriate in
tlie Colclough family, was, about the year 1740, pur-
chased by the Board of First Fruits for the endowment
of the impropriate cure, which now forms part of the
union of Killurin. The tithe rent charge is £195. 0. 10.,
of which £34. 0. 6. are payable to the impropriator and
the remainder to the incumbent. In the Roman Ca-
tholic divisions the parish is partly in the district of
Taghmon, but chiefly in that of Glyn.
WHITEGATE, a village, in the parish of Aghada,
barony of Imokilly, union and county of Cork, and
province of Munster, 5 miles (S. \V.) from Cloyne ;
containing 1129 inhabitants. It is situated upon the
south-western side of the harbour of Cork, and on the
road from Cloyne to Carlisle Fort; containing 227
houses, which are all small but neat and well built, and,
being white-washed, have a pretty and cheerful appear-
ance. A considerable fishery is carried on, in which 6
boats of from 15 to '20 tons' burthen are regularly em-
ployed during the season in taking hake, mackerel, and
herrings; and about 20 boats of from 5 to 10 tons are
engaged in conveying sand to Cork, Midleton, and
668
other places. Two boats occasionally ply from the
village to the Cork and Cove markets, during the sum-
mer season ; and a steam-boat from Cork comes every
Tuesday to a small pier situated about one mile north-
east from the village. A receiving-house for letters is
in connexion with Cloyne. The country around is
exceedingly fertile, and is embellished with several ele-
gant mansions, the principal of which are Corkbeg
House, Whitegate House, Trabolgan, Hadwel Lodge,
and Aghada House. Close to the village _are the ruins
of the castle and church of Corkbeg, and near the ruins
of the old church a new one has been erected. — See
Aghada.
WHITEHALL, a village, partly in the parish of
Shankill, but chiefly in that of Kilmocahill, barony
of GowRAN, union and county of Kilkenny, and pro-
vince of Leinster, 4 miles (S. W.) from Leighlin-
bridge, on the road to Kilkenny ; containing about 33
houses and 212 inhabitants.
WHITEHOUSE, a village, in the parish of Carn-
MONEY', union of Belfast, barony of Lower Belfast,
county of Antrim, and province of Ulster, 3 miles
(N. E.) from Belfast, on the road to Carrickfergus ;
containing about 132 inhabitants. It is situated on the
shore of Belfast lough, and is principally occupied by
the proprietors and workpeople of the factories. The
first cotton-mill established in Ireland was erected here,
in 1784, by Mr. Nicholas Grimshaw, by whose sons the
manufacture was subsequently carried on in all its
branches ; the buildings were very extensive, and the
spinning of yarn and weaving of cotton and muslin lat-
terly afforded employment to above 1000 persons. Here
were also some very large print-works, erected by an-
other of Mr. Grimshaw's sons, in which more than 200
persons were employed. The village now partakes with
the villages of WMiite Abbey and BallydufF, and with
Monkstown and Mossley, in the spinning of flax, which
has entirely superseded the former cotton and printing
establishments. The place is neatly built, and its inha-
bitants are in comfortable circumstances. It has a
receiving-house for letters under Belfast and Carrick-
fergus ; petty-sessions are held every three weeks, and
there is a coast-guard station, being one of eight in the
district of Carrickfergus. A handsome church has been
built and endowed at a cost of £2000 raised by sub-
scription.
WHITESTOWN, a village, in the parish of Car-
lingford, union ofDuNDALK, barony of Lower Dun-
DALK, county of Louth, and province of Leinster, 3|
miles (S. E.) from Carlingford ; containing 334 inha-
bitants. It is situated near the eastern coast, and
entrance to the bay of Carlingford ; and comprises 62
houses, mostly inhabited by farmers and agricultural
labourers.
WICKLOW (County of), a maritime county of the
province of Leinster, bounded on the east by St.
George's Channel ; on the north by the county of Dub-
lin ; on the west, by those of Kildare and Carlow ; and
on the south by that of Wexford. It extends from 52°
35' to 53° 16' (N. Lat.), and from 5° 58' to 6° 55' (W.
Lon.) ; comprising an area of 500,178 statute acres,
whereof 280,393 are arable land, 200,754 uncultivated,
17,600 plantation, 341 in towns and villages, and 1090
'under water. The population, in 1821, was 110,767;
in 1831, 121,557; and in 1841, 126,143.
W 1 C K
W I C K
According tl) I'tokmy, the inhabitants of this part of
the island, and also of the present county of Kildare,
were the Cauci, supposed to have been of Belgic-Gaulish
extraction. But Wicklow is chiefly celebrated as the
country of the Byrnes and the O'Tooi.KS, the former
of whom occupied the northern and eastern parts, and
the latter the south-western. The country of the
Byrnes on the western side of the mountains was called
the Ranelagh or Kilconnell, and, in Queen Elizabeth's
time, Pheagh Mac Hugh's country, from the name of
the chief of the Byrnes. Another sept of the Byrnes
inhabited the eastern side, bordering on the sea ; while
the country of the O'Tooles was called Imale, and com-
prised the mountain regions surrounding the great glen
of Imale. The O'CuUans possessed a tract along the
northern confines, but they are scarcely mentioned after
the Anglo-Norman invasion ; the Danes, also, appear
to have had some settlements on the coast. After the
arrival of the English, the maritime portions of the
county most easy of access were partitioned among the
adventurers, and the Byrnes were compelled to retire to
the mountains, as also were the O'Tooles who had pre-
viously occupied part of the county of Kildare. On
the division into counties by King John, this extensive
region was included in Dublin ; but the septs of the
mountains did not acknowledge the English jurisdiction
until many centuries after. Secured from successful
pursuit by their mountain fastnesses, they waged an
incursive warfare against the surrounding English set-
tlements, and more particularly against the citizens of
Dublin, of whom, on one occasion, they slaughtered
three hundred at CuUen's-wood, where the latter had
assembled for recreation at Easier. Besides several
fortresses built for private protection, royal castles to
keep the natives in check were erected at Newcastle,
and at Castle-Kevin, near Annamoe ; but with little
effect. Piers Gaveston, in the reign of Edward II.,
drove back the septs with considerable slaughter into
their mountain fastnesses, after which, however, they
became so powerful that they were accustomed to make
formal treaties with the English authorities. They
were overawed by the first military expedition of
Richard II., and agreed, with the rest of the native
tribes, to evacuate Leinster ; but in 1393, after this
monarch's return to England with his army, the fulfil-
ment of the agreement was refused. Upon this Roger
Mortimer, Earl of March, the king's lieutenant, attended
by the Earl of Ormonde, marched against the septs of
Byrne, and dro\e them from their lands in Wicklow ;
but at the very moment of their triumph, while feasts
were held, and knights created in honour of this suc-
cess, they were disturbed by the intelligence of a vic-
tory gained by the neighbouring sept of O'Toole, who
slaughtered a considerable number of the king's forces.
The Byrnes, retiring into Ossory, there maintained the
war with obstinacy : and Mortimer, pursuing them
with more courage than circumspection, was surprised,
defeated, and slain.
About 1402, the septs of Wicklow were severely
chastised by the arms of the magistrates of Dublin ;
and in later times they sued to become English sub-
jects. In the 34th of Henry VIII., the Byrnes of the
mountains who had lately sworn allegiance, earnestly
desired that their country might be converted into a
distinct county, and called the countv of Wicklow ; but
669
this re(niest was cither neglLCted or refused. When the
opponents of the English guvernnienl had acquired
increased strength by fomenting religious dissensions,
the celebrated Pheagh Mac Hugh Byrne, in the years
1577, 15/8, and 1580, in alliance with several dis-
affected lords, harassed the English pale ; and in the
last-named year obtained a sanguinary victory over the
lord-deputy's forces at Glendalough, whither they had
penetrated with great diflicuity. In 1595, on a reverse
of fortune, he made his sulimissiou at Dublin. In 1596,
his sept was defeated by the British troops, after a sharp
action ; and in the following year, Pheagh Mac Hugh
fell in an engagement with the lord-deputy, Sir William
Russell. His son Phelim Mac Pheagh was chosen in
his place as chief of the Byrnes, and in 1600 made an
humble submission to Queen Elizabeth, together with
several other Irish toparchs. An expedition was under-
taken against him, however, in the same year ; but the
country was reduced to comparative tranquillity in 1605,
in the reign of James I., and during the lieutenancy of
Sir Arthur Chichester, by being erected into a county
distinct from that of Dublin, under its present name.
The Byrnes, in the wars of 1641, united with their
neighbours of the same party in the counties of Wex-
ford and Carlow, and extended their ravages to the very
walls of Dublin. Notwithstanding the cruelties exer-
cised by Sir Charles Coote in his expedition against
them, they maintained their cause until Cromwell, after
the siege of Drogheda, marched triumphantly through
the county, and reduced every town and fort in it ; thus
terminating the war in this quarter. In the disturb-
ances of 179^J the county was the scene of many acts
of violence, and in the southern part of it several severe
conflicts took ])lace. Even after their general suppres-
sion, bands of insurgents found a refuge in its mountain
recesses, and hence committed extensive depredations,
which a large military force was unable to repress. Go-
vernment at length entered into composition with the
principal leaders, in order to restore tranquillity to the
country ; cut roads through the wildest districts ; and
erected barracks at different places ia them ; which
effected the object proposed, and also tended much to
improve the country by facilitating the means of com-
munication through a district previously almost im-
passable.
The county is partly in the diocese of Ferns, but
chiefly in that of Dublin. For purposes of civil juris-
diction it is divided into the baronies of Arklow, Balli-
nacor North, Balliuacor South, Newcastle, Rathdown,
Shillelagh, Lower Talbotstown, and Upper Talbotstown.
It contains the once incorporated sea-poit, market, and
assize town of W'icklow ; the once incorporated market-
town of Baltinglass ; the sea-port and market towns of
Arklow and Bray ; the disfranchised borough, market,
and post town of Blessington ; the market and post
towns of Rathdrum, Carnew, Dunlavan, Newcastle.
Tinahely, and Stratford-upon-Slaney ; the post-towns of
Newtown-Mount-Kennedy, Enniskerry, Ashford, An-
namoe, Delgany, Glanealy, and Newbridge ; and the
disfranchised borough of Carysfort : the principal vil-
lages are Bolinolea, Rathnew, Douard, Kilcoole, Round-
wood, and Redcross. It sent ten members to the Irish
parliament ; two for the county, and two for each of
the boroughs of Wicklow, Baltinglass, Blessington, and
Carysfort : since the union the two returned for the
WICK
county at large to the Imperial Parliament have been
its sole representatives. The constituency, as registered
inlS41,was 1503, of whom 339 were £oO, 10'2 £'20,
and S56 £10, freeholders; 1 £50, 40 £'20, and 105
£ 10, leaseholders ; and 7 £30, and 53 £20, rent-chargers :
the election takes place at Wicklow. The county is in-
cluded in the Leinster circuit ; the assizes are held at
Wicklow, and general- sessions are held there and at
Baltinglass. The county court-house and county gaol
are at Wicklow, and a district bridewell is maintained
at Baltinglass. The local government is vested in a
lieutenant, 17 deputy-lieutenants, and 71 other magis-
trates ; besides whom are the usual county officers, in-
cluding 5 coroners. There are 24 constabulary police
stations, having in the whole a force of a county in-
spector, 5 sub-inspectors, 6 head-constables, 28 con-
stables, and 171 sub-constables, with 7 horses; the
expense of whose maintenance in 1842, was £10,004.
The District Lunatic Asylum is in the city of Dublin :
there are infirmaries, with dispensaries attached, at
"Wicklow and Baltinglass ; fever hospitals with dis-
pensaries at Arklow, Bray, Newtown-Mount-Kennedy,
Stratford-on-Slaney, and Enniskerry ; and dispensaries
at Kiltegan, Rathdrum, Blessington, Carnew, Coollattin,
Tinahely, Dunlavan, Delgany, Dunganstown, and Red-
cross. The grand jury presentments for 1844 were
£26,380. In the military arrangements the county is
included in the Dublin district ; it contained several
barrack stations for infantry, which have been con-
verted to the use of the constabulary force and other
purposes, except that at Baltinglass, which is still occu-
pied as a military barrack, and contains accommodation
for one officer and about 25 non-commissioned officers
and privates.
The county is somewhat of a rectangular form, about
40 English miles in length from north to south, and 33
in breadth. A vast tract of mountains, composing
almost the whole of the baronies of Ballinacor and
Upper Talbotstown, with parts of Lower Talbotstown,
occupies the entire central portion from the confines of
Dublin to those of Carlow ; and nearly cuts off all
communication between the opposite sides of the county,
where are more fertile districts, thickly inhabited, as the
barony of Newcastle on the east, bordering on the sea,
and the vales of Blessington and Baltinglass, on the
confines of Kildare and Carlow. The natural divisions
are four, the central mountain region, the fertile dis-
tricts on the. east and on the west, and the barony of
Shillelagh to the south. The general direction of the
MOUNTAIN ranges is from north-east to south-west : the
declivities towards the north and west are mostly abrupt ;
while on the south and east, where their ascent is com-
monly more gradual, basins and hollows are scooped
out, forming romantic glens. These mountains consti-
tute a splendid background to most of the extensive
prospects in this and the adjacent counties, and some
of their summits command views of superior magnifi-
cence. The mountains do not form extended chains,
but are assembled in lofty groups separated by preci-
pitous ravines, usually narrow and straight. The groups
are eight ; that of Kippure on the north ; those of
Djouce, Thonelagee, Comaderry, and Lugnaquilla, in
the centre ; those of Slieve Gadoe and Cadeen on the
west ; and that of Croghan Kinshela to the south. The
summit of Lugnaquilla, the highest in the county and
670
WICK
in the south-east of Ireland, is 3039 feet above the level
of the sea ; that of Djouce is 2384 ; of Kippure, 2473 ;
of Thonelagee, 2307 ; of Slieve Gadoe, 1791 ; of Cadeen,
2143; of^Croghan Kinshela, 2064; and of Warhill,
2250. The interior of this large tract, though almost
uninhabited, has been rendered accessible by the military
road ; and on its eastern side are the celebrated scenes
of Lough Bray, Luggelaw, Lough Dan, Glendalough, and
Glenmalur, all embosomed in mountainous recesses of
vast depth, and characterised by wildness and sub-
limity.
To the east of the mountain range, and at the north-
ern extremity of the county, rise two conical mountains
called the Great and Little Sugar-loaf, the former 1651,
and the latter 1 120, feet above the sea; and Bray Head,
a vast mass with a remarkable broken outline, 870 feet
high, which projects into the sea to the south of the
town of Bray. From the Little Sugar-loaf commences
a mountain range of secondary elevation, cultivated in
some parts to the very summit, and extending in a di-
rection south by west to the rugged heights of Carrick-
macreilly, near Glanealy : thence sweeping eastward, it
joins the heights that, to the south of Wicklow, form
the elevated promontory of Wicklow Head. Between
this range and the more elevated mountain chain is a
cheerless table-land, watered by the Vartrey river, and
formerly entirely overspread with bogs and rocks, which
yet occupy great portions of it, though cultivation has
made considerable advances near the lines of road by
which it is now intersected. The most conspicuous of
the secondary range are the Downs mountain, Dunran,
and the mountains above Glanealy. Encircled by these
mountains from Bray Head to Wicklow Head, and ex-
tending to the coast between those promontories, lies a
tract distinguished for its fertility and beauty, which
justly entitle it to be called the garden of the county.
At an elevation greatly below that of the sheltering
range, it is diversified by extensive swells and fertile
vales enriched in every direction with fine seats, neat
villages, and thriving plantations. These open on the
east to the sea, towards which the surface gradually
declines, until it reaches a flat tract of boggy marsh,
extending along the shore from Wicklow to near Grey-
stones, and protected from the sea only by a broad
bank of sand and gravel called the Murrough, present-
ing at the back a beautiful smooth sward. The streams
of the plain or vale find their way through the bank to
the sea at Wicklow and at a place called the Breaches,
where the sea is making considerable encroachments.
From this shore the view of the amphitheatre of moun-
tains is extremely grand, particularly to those sailing
along the coast through the channel betv^een the land
and the range of dangerous banks running parallel with
it at some miles' distance. The encircling range dis-
plays some of the most splendid of the picturesque
scenes of the county, in the Glen of the Downs, Her-
mitage, Dunran, and the Devil's Glen ; and to the
north, the celebrated valley of the Dargle intersects the
elevated grounds between the Sugar-loaf mountain and
the confines of Dublin county. The peaked cone of the
Sugar-loaf appears prominent in every prospect on this
side of the county, and commands views of great scope
and grandeur, extending northwards to the mountains
of Morne in the county of Down, and eastward to those
of North W^ales.
WICK
W I C K
In the country east of the great central mountain
chain, and south of Wicklow, the only scenes of pecu-
liar beauty are the vales of the Ovoca and the Avon-
more. The general aspect of this part of the county is
marked by extensive swells and ranges of elevated
ground descending to vales of little picturesque beauty,
though the road along the coast, from Wicklow to
Arklow, presents many fine sea-views. One of the
southern extremities of the central mountain tract is
Askeaky, close to .\ughrim, from which hill a range of
mountainous heights stretches south-westward, by
Tinahely and the western side of the Aughrim or Derry
river, through Shillelagh, to tlie confines of Carlow and
Wexford counties. The barony of Shillelagh, though
much improved through the exertions of the late Earl
Fitzwilliam, still wears a rugged and forbidding aspect.
The alluvial district to the west of the great mountain
range consists for the most part of low, long, and flat
hills, with intervening valleys sometimes spread out into
broad meadows of considerable fertility ; the only hills
of striking elevation being those of Baltinglass, \'i~i
feet high; Brisselstown, 1330; and Spynan's, 1351.
This district is enriched with numerous gentlemen's
seats ; yet some parts exhibit a neglect of improvement,
such as the great glen or valley of Imale, between five
and six miles long and from three to four broad, extend-
ing from Stratford-upon-Slaney to the foot of Lugna-
quilla mountain, and presenting an appearance of deso-
late wildness, notwithstanding that there is every in-
ducement to cultivation.
The climate of the mountains, though remarkably
mild for their elevation, is necessarily moist, and rain
frequently falls among them when the low lands on the
east side are free from it ; the vapours, carried by the
prevailing westerly winds, following the summits of the
mountains to the sea at Bray Head and Wicklow Head.
Although these low lands are exposed to the chilling
effect of the east winds in spring, yet, being completely
sheltered on every other side, the climate is more genial
than that of any other part of the county ; and the
vigour with which the arbutus, laurestinus, and other
delicate shrubs flourish even in elevated situations is
very remarkable.
The SOILS of the county are various. A great part of
the mountain tract is covered with heath and peat to a
considerable depth, underneath which is found a coarse
gravel, consisting of decayed granite ; where not en-
cumbered with rocks, the surface is commonly a deep
bog. The table-land of the Vartrey has for the most
part a thin mould interspersed with bogs, and encum-
bered with vast masses of granite. The soil of the
marsh (already described) along the coast is a black
peat, but that of the firm land bordering on it is com-
monly a deep loam of the greatest fertility. Beyond
Wicklow to the south, the soil changes into a variety of
thin loams and poor gravels on slate rock, extending to
the confines of the county of Wexford ; marl, however,
has been found in one or two places near the Ovoca.
Along the banks of the Liffey and the Slauey, on the
western side of the mountains, are alluvial strata of
limestone-gravel, pebble-limestone, and loose marl; and
in the glen of Imale they are found as high as the base
of Lugnaquilla. These strata give a character of fer-
tility to the entire district, except on the border of the
county of Dublin, where there is a considerable extent
671
of low hills covered with heath and dwarf furze on a
wet and boggy soil, producing very poor herbage in
summer, and in winter wholly unprofitable. The s(uls
hereacquire their unproductive character from a stratum
called " the curb" or "griddle," occurring within a few
inches of the surface, totally impervious to water, and,
though but from four to six inches thick, so hard as to
resist the plough and spade : when broken with the
pick-axe, however, and intermixed with the substrata of
argillaceous earth and limestone-gravel, it forms a pro-
ductive soil. These hills extend from those of Tallught
to Dunlavan. The barony of Shillelagh, like the south-
eastern part of the county, is covered with various thin
soils, based on clay-slate, and much interspersed with
rocks and stones, often of granite. The soils in these
lower districts arc generally of an argillaceous nature,
becoming gradually gravelly and heathy in the vicinity
of the mountains.
Cultivation has for many years been rapidly extend-
ing up the more improvable mountains, and in the
richer districts has undergone considerable amelioration,
to svhich the liberal measures of Earl Fitzwilliam, one
of the largest proprietors, have greatly contributed.
Tillage is the chief object of husbandry. The crops in
the more elevated situations are potatoes and oats, in
exhausting succession ; wheat and barley, and occasion-
ally green crops, are also cultivated in the lower dis-
tricts, but the land is commonly left to recover itself
under pasture. Turnips are cultivated in the south ;
and rape is grown by a few agriculturists. Artificial
grasses are seldom sown. The inclosed pastures are
chiefly fields on which grasses have been left to grow
naturally after the land has been worn out with corn-
crops ; in the eastern part of the county these pastures
are luxuriant, particularly near the sea, where cattle are
fattened on them. On the banks of the Liffey and
Slaney are also many excellent pastures. The upland
and mountain pastures, devoted entirely to rearing and
feeding store cattle and sheep, are remarkably good of
their kind ; and even where bogs most abound, there are
spots covered with soft grasses. Lugnaquilla, to the
very summit, which is nearly flat and clothed with a dry
green sward of velvet softness, is a good sheep pasture.
The cattle reared in the northern part of the county are
mostly for the Dublin market ; in the southern, for Ross
and Waterford. The milk in the former is chiefly ap-
plied to the feeding of lambs for the Dublin market ;
and in the vicinity 'of Rathdrum some butter is made
that is in high esteem in that city. But the common
application of grass lands is to the feeding of store
cattle and the produce of hay : both cattle and sheep
are commonly small ; and the sheep of the mountains
are usually very wild and active.
Lime is one of the principal manures ; the cultivation
of the land in Shillelagh entirely depends on the use of
lime brought from Carlow county. It is also imported
to Bray, W'icklow, and .Vrklow, from Sutton, on the
south side of Ilowth, as no limestone is found in the
county, except in the alluvial beds, the pebbles of which
have sometimes been burned. Marl and limestone-
gravel are used very extensively. Oxen are employed
by many in the labours of husbandry, sometimes in
teams by themseUes, but more frequently yoked with
horses. The agricultural implements are of the ordinary
imnroved construction ; and the carriages, one-horse
W I C i^
cars. In the great vale of Newcastle the country is en-
riched and enlivened with hedgerows of various growth,
interspersed with timber trees, but badly plashed ; most
other parts exhibit an appearance of nakedness, from
the fences being commonly composed of rough mounds
of earth, covered here and there with furze. Walls are
sometimes formed by piling the stones on the mountain
lands, but so loosely is the work done that breaches are
constantly occurring. Frequently the land is so en-
cumbered with rocks as to be utterly valueless until
these have been blasted or undermined, and buried. The
gardens in the barony of Newcastle are generally very
productive. There are a few orchards.
Owing to the nature of the country, there is more
natural wood than perhaps in any district in Ireland of
the same extent ; it consists chiefly of coppices, usually
cut at 30 years' growth, and which enrich some of the
most romantic glens. But the finest timber is that in
gentlemen's demesnes, with which this county is so
much embellished ; that in Powerscourt Park and Ro-
sanna is perhaps unequalled for grandeur by any in the
island. Large tracts, however, adapted to the growth
of timber, remain neglected ; although Dr. Frizell, of
Castle-Kevin, Mr. Grattan, and some other proprietors,
by their extensive and flourishing plantations on moun-
tains of considerable elevation, have proved the capa-
bilities of the soil. The natural growth of the county
is chiefly oak, birch, and hazel.
Of the vast extent of bog and mountain, the greater
portion forms the wild region in the centre. The moun-
tainous and uncultivated lands of the entire range, as
estimated by the surveying engineer who examined the
district with a view of developing its capabilities, com-
prise 3'29,967 acres, of which 97.190 are black bog, and
the remainder a moory soil commonly producing coarse
sedgy grass or heath, interspersed in many parts with
tracts of pasture land on some of which large numbers
of sheep and young cattle are fed, while other tracts,
now unproductive, might be brought into a state of pro-
fitable cultivation by draining and manuring. The bogs
on the outskirts of the mountains are in some places
becoming exhausted by the constant digging for turf ;
the barony of Newcastle is beginning to apprehend a
deficiency of that valuable article, in the marsh extend-
ing along the coast northward from Wicklow. The
peat of this tract, from its maritime situation, is found
to he impregnated with salt, which gives its slight flame
a blue colour. To make it fit for use, it is necessary to
reduce it to a soft mud and spread it upon the surface,
in which state it is divided into lumps of convenient
size, which, when dry, are carried home at the approach
of winter ; its superior durability compensates for the
greater trouble in preparing it than in digging for that
of the mountains. In the barony of Shillelagh is a
tract several miles in length, called the Derry bog, the
principal of the kind south of Lugnaquilla. The or-
dinary fuel is every where peat, though much coal is
imported to Bray, Wicklow, and Arklow, from White-
haven, for the gentry and farmers of the surrounding
districts.
Wicklow is not less remarkable for the variety and
importance of its minerals than for the wild and pic-
turesque beauties of its scenery ; it comprises the greater
portion of the south-eastern mountain chain of Ireland,
composed of formations of granite, mica-slate, quartz-
672
WICK
rock, day-slate, greywacke, trap, and porphyry. Nearly
the whole of the most elevated and wildest part of the
mountain range, in a line from north-east to south-west,
is composed of granite, which supports, in geological
position, all the other beds : this rock occupies a tract
which, to the north of Lugnaquilla, is about seven miles
in breadth ; but to the south-west, where it descends
towards the plains of Carlow, it is greatly expanded.
The granite is in general remarkably pure. The size of
the grain varies much : some of the largest and most
beautifully grained is found at the Scalp and in Glen-
cree; the finest-grained, at the northern foot of Cadeen,
in the glen of Imale. The rock is sometimes porphyritic,
as in Glenisraaule, Glencree, and the head of the water-
fall of Glenmacanass. Numerous minerals are found
imbedded in the granite, and in the veins of quartz that
sometimes traverse it, but so small in quantity as to be
considered merely adventitious.
The mica-slate occurs in direct contact with the
granite range on each side, and is found in an uninter-
rupted range along its eastern border from Shillelagh,
by Glenmalur, Glendalough, and Luggelaw, to the Scalp,
where it is seen distinctly resting on the granite, as ia
many other places. It is usually fantastically contorted,
on a small scale, and of a dark-grey hue ; and consists
of alternate layers of quartz and mica of various thick-
ness : in some places strata of quartz and of granite,
and irregular masses of the latter, are imbedded in it.
In the lower part of Glenmacanass it contains a bed
of talc-slate, easily worked with the chisel, and harden-
ing in the fire ; which qualities fit it for chimney-pieces,
hearthstones, gravestones, and troughs. On the west-
ern side of the granite range is a similarly incumbent
series of mica-slate strata, but extending no farther
south than Baltinglass, and not so regular and continu-
ous as the eastern tract in its range from the point
where it enters from the county of Dublin, north-east
of Blessington. Lugnaquilla, though composed chiefly
of granite, is capped with mica-slate, with some alter-
nating strata of granite ; and although the glen of Imale
is entirely based on granite, this slate is seen forming
the summits of many of the high surrounding moun-
tains on the north and south. Brisselstown hill, and its
lateral extension to the west, called Spynan's hill, consist
of mica-slate, fine and minute granular greenstone, and
greenstone-porphyry : the mica-slate in the western part
is porphyritic, containing numerous crystals of felspar ;
and similar translations, as also into greenstone por-
phyry by an intimate intermixture of hornblende, are
observed in various neighbouring localities. Garnet, in
general so constant a companion of mica-slate, is sel-
dom seen in the strata of this county ; but hollow spar
occurs in some places. The low range of hills west of
Blessington, and the rest of the north-western border
of the county, are based on clay-slate.
On the eastern side of the county, between the mica-
slate range and the sea, the prevailing rock is clay- slate j
but in detached situations are found granite rising from
beneath it, and quartz and trap rocks associated with it.
The granite of this tract is very remarkable, as seldom
comprising quartz ; the chief ingredients being simply
felspar and mica, forming in one part pure felspar por-
phyry. The central and south-eastern parts of Dun-
ganstown hill are composed of greenstone; but the
prevailing rocks to the south are clay-slate and quartz.
WICK
extending down the Avonniore and Ovoca, and the
varieties they display are very numerous. Tlio varieties
of olay-slate, which are here all cjuartzose, abound in
contemporaneous veins of pure quartz more or less
metalliferous : the western extremity and the brow of
Croghan Kinshela mountain consist of granite, with
broad veins of quartz towards the east, succeeded by
alternations of granite and clay-slate, terminating in
interstratiBcations of clay-slate and greenstone, beyond
which is found only the clay-slate, traversed by veins of
quartz, sometimes metalliferous. Beds of granular fel-
spar in the prevailing clay-slate arc worked for building
on the right bank of the Avonmore, north-west of Ratli-
drum. Bordering on the Derry or Aughrim river, and
likewise near the Ovoca in its course from Newbridge,
are numerous beds of greenstone. Arklow rocks, on
the coast, south of the mouth of the Ovoca, present ill-
defined columns of greenstone, with four, five, or six
sides : the northern part of the hill consists in general
of greenstone ; on the north-western side is a variety of
the character of basalt. Quartz-rock forms a prominent
naked ridge on Coollattin hill, in Shillelagh ; and con-
stitutes also a very extensive mountain range from the
banks of the Avonmore above Rathdrum to those of the
Vartrey, comprising the high naked ridge of Carrick-
macreilly and the picturesque rock of Cronroe. In the
northern extremity of the county it forms the Great and
Little Sugar-loaf, Bray Head, and a great part of the
neighbouring hills.
In no part of the county have organic remains been
found in its rocks. It is also remarkable that there is
a total absence of metallic ores on the western side
of the great granitic mass, while on the eastern they are
found in abundance. A vein of lead has been worked
and apparently exhausted in the granite brow of Carri-
geenduff, on the banks of Lough Dan ; a second, called
the Luganure vein, wholly in granite, intersects the
mountain of Comaderry, and is now very productive.
Another great vein which has been worked crosses the
upper part of Glendalough ; and in the alternating beds
of granite and mica-slate on the northern side of Glenma-
lur, is the vein on which are the lead-mines of Ballinafiu-
chogue, and which comprises, besides, galena, white-lead
ore, blende, and copper-pyrites. The above minerals
are found at all these places, in true veins ; but in the
only other metalliferous tract, situated in the clay-slate
district, they are found only in beds, in contempora-
neous veins, or in alluvial deposits. This tract is about
ten miles in length, from Croghan Kinshela, across the
northern end of the vale of Ovoca, towards Rathdrum.
Its most celebrated produce has been the alluvial gold,
found in the gravelly deposits of the streams descending
from the eastern side of Croghan Kinshela, and dis-
covered in 1796 ; of this a further notice will be found
under the head of Arklow. As no trace of auriferous
veins could be found in the mountain by the most per-
severing efforts, the works necessarily ceased when the
stream ore was exhausted. Trials were also made in
Croghan Moira mountain, but without effect. Metallic
substances, however, are diffused through the whole
district in disseminated particles, in slight layers, in
contemporaneous veins and strings, and in massy beds,
which latter are principally composed of copper-pyrites
and iron-pyrites. The rocks have been perforated in
various directions by the works of the Associated Irish
Vol. II.— 673
W I C K
Mine Company, the line of which, extending into Con-
nery andTigrony hills, occupies more than one thousand
fathoms. These works are on the nortli side of the
Ovoca, and there are other productive works on the
opposite side, especially in Ballyniurlagh. In Kilcashel
some trials have been made, and copper-ore has been
met with; indications of copper in Avondale, and of
lead in Knockanode, have also been found in the form
of slight strings. The abundance of building-stone in
every \iart of the county appears from the previous
detail : the granite used in building the Bank of Ireland,
the library of Trinity College, Nelson's Pillar, and seve-
ral other of the public buildings of Dublin, was raised
from the Golden (juarry near Blessington. The clay-
slate is seldom found in layers sufficiently thin for
roofing; there are, however, good slate-quarries in the
parishes of Carnew and Dunganstown.
The flannel and frieze manufactures were formerly of
considerable extent, the chief market for their produce
being Rathdrum, where a handsome flannel-hall was
erected by the late Earl Fitzwilliam ; but they have
entirely declined, and their only vestige is the manufac-
ture of a little frieze for domestic use. The principal
fishery is that of herrings at Arklow, which, however,
has much declined. They are also taken by a few-
fishermen at different places along the coast ; but the
extension of this branch of industry is checked by the
want of safe harbours for the boats. Oysters are taken
at Arklow, and carried to Liverpool and Dublin. The
trade of the county consists chiefly in the exportation
of its agricultural and mineral produce, and in the im-
portation of the various supplies of foreign articles and
manufactured goods necessary for its inhabitants. Al-
though Dublin is a principal market for the northern
part of the county, Wicklow is a very improving port,
where are several stores ; and grain and cattle are sent
from the southern part of the county to New Ross. This
trade is carried on by ordinary land-carriage, as the
county is devoid of river or canal navigation.
The. Rivers are numerous, but their courses rapid and
short, except some of those which flow westward ; the
principal are the Liffey, the Slaney, the Ovoca, the
Vartrey, and the Derry, Daragh, or Aughrim. The
principal Lines of HontI are of first-rate excellence : the
new mail-coach road to Wexford, through the Glen of
the Downs and the Vale of Ovoca, constructed by grand
jury presentments, is a noble line. A new turnpike
road on the western side of the county to Carlow, Wex-
ford, Waterford, and Kilkenny, by Blessington and Bal-
tinglass, has also been opened. The cross roads, too.
are generally good and in sufficient number : so much
has of late years been done in the cutting of new lines
of road, as to make it a popular subject of complaint ;
but the result is the formation of excellent toll-free lines
in every direction. The Military road, which commences
near Rathfarnhara, a few miles south of Dublin, and
extends southward through the midst of the mountain
region, in a line selected with great skill, was planned in
1799, by order of government, with the view of opening
a direct and easy line of communication between the
city of Dublin and the barracks of Glencrcc, Laragli,
Drumgoff, and Aughavanagh, which had been built after
the insurrection in the preceding year. It obtained its
name from having been made by some Scotch fencible
regiments then quartered in the county.
4R
WICK
The VESTIGES of remote antiquity are comparatively
few. Near Enniskerry is a small cromlech, and another
is to be seen on the summit of Lugnaquilla. Raths are
numerous : there are a Druidical circle and a cromlech
in Donoughmore ; a cromlech at Baltinglass ; and a
curiously sculptured stone at Old Court, near Bray.
Besides Glendalough, a collection of monastic ruins of
peculiar antiquarian interest, there were eleven religious
establishments ; those of which any remains exist are
at Rathdrum, Baltinglass, and Wicklow. Ruins of
churches are to be seen on Slieve Gadoe near Donard,
at Kilcoole, Killeskey, Kilmacanogue, Aghold, Kilbride
near Arklow, Killadreeny, Kilpipe, and Templemicbael ;
besides slight vestiges of several others, all situated in
ancient burial-places. The native septs do not appear
to have erected any strong fortresses ; those of which
remains exist were built by the English, and serve now
to mark the districts in which they secured a permanent
footing. The most remarkable are, the Black Castle at
Wicklow, Newcastle, Dunganstown, Bray, Old Court
near Fassaroe, Kindlestown and Rathdown near Del-
gany, Carnew, Arklow, Kiltimon, Ballivolan in the parish
of Killeskey, Kilcommon and Knockrath near Rath-
drum, Grange near Baltinglass, and Castle-Kevin near
Annamoe.
The present residences of the nobility and gentry are
very numerous, and render the county the most richly
adorned and the most peaceable in the island ; the chief
are noticed in the parishes or places in which they are
respectively situated. The farmhouses of the principal
tenants in the northern and eastern parts are built in a
style of superior accommodation, with roomy and con-
venient offices ; those in the southern and western parts
were mostly destroyed in the year 1798, and have been
rebuilt in an improved mode, with slated roofs. In the
vicinity of gentlemen's demesnes are many pretty cot-
tages, and those of the north-eastern part of the county
generally have an appearance of superior comfort ; but
the habitations of the lower tenants and cottiers are for
the most part extremely wretched, being roughly formed
of sods or stones supporting a thatched roof not imper-
vious to the weather. The squalid misery of these in
parts of the mountain districts is extreme ; in some
places even the roof is of sods taken from the mountain
side. The character of the peasantry is the same as in
the country generally ; with regard to their language, it
is remarkable that, while the Irish is often spoken in the
contiguous counties, it is never heard here, and scarcely
a peasant even of the wildest districts understands it.
Natural curiosities of a minor character, such as mineral
springs, are very few ; but those of the highest order,
exhibited in the mountains and glens, their fantastic
rocks and picturesque waterfalls, present a greater
variety of sublime features than any tract of equal
extent in the island. The most celebrated spots are,
the waterfall of Poul-a-Phuca, near Blessiugton ; Lug-
gelaw, included in the modern parish of Calary ; the
Vale of the Avonmore and the Meeting of the Waters,
below Rathdrum ; the Vale of Ovoca, with its contiguous
seats and demesnes, extending by Castle-Mac-Adam
towards Arklow; the Glen of the Downs, near Delgany;
the Scalp, near Enniskerry ; the recesses of Glenda-
lough ; the Devil's Glen, that of Dunran, and those of
Kiltimon and Ballyvolan, in the parish of Killeskey; the
Dargle, the Waterfall, and Lough Bray, near Powers-
674
Seal.
WICK
court ; Glenmalur, with its waterfalls, in the parish of
Rathdrum ; Lough Dan, near Roundwood ; and Her-
mitage and Altadore, near Newtown-Mount-Kennedy.
The abrupt rocks of vast size at Kilcoole and Cronroe
are worthy of especial notice. Wicklow gives the titles
of Viscount and Earl to the family of Howard.
WICKLOW, a sea-port,
assize, market, and post
town, partly in the parish of
Rathnew, barony of New-
castle, partly in the parish 4^
of Drumkey, but chiefly in s4^^^
that of KiLPOOLE, barony
of Arklow, union of Rath-
drum, county of Wicklow,
and province of Leinster,
24 miles (S. S. E.) from
Dublin, on the coast-road
to Arklow; containing 2794
inhabitants. Its ancient name Wykinglo, or Wykinglogh,
is derived from its situation at the southern extremity
of a creek shut out from the sea by a long narrow pen-
insula called the Murragh. It is supposed to have been
one of the maritime stations occupied by the Danes pre-
viously to the landing of the English in 1169, and to
have been called by them Hlgginge Lough, " the Lake
of Ships." Afterwards it formed part of the extensive
possessions granted by Strongbow to Maurice Fitzgerald,
who commenced the building of a castle here for the
protection of his property, the execution of which was
discontinued in consequence of his death in 1176. His
sons were subsequently dispossessed of their inheritance
by William Fitz-Aldelm, and compelled to accept in
exchange for it the decayed and defenceless city of
Ferns. In 1301 the town was burned by the Irish;
but the castle was put into a state of defence, in 1375,
by William Fitzwilliam, a descendant of one of the early
English settlers, in whose family the constableship con-
tinued for several generations. From its vicinity to the
Irish mountain septs it was a frequent subject of con-
tention. In the early part of the 1 6th century it fell
into the hands of the Byrnes, the chieftains of the
northern part of the county, by whom the castle and
town were surrendered to Henry VIII. in 1.t43. In
1641, Luke O'Toole invested the castle, but was forced
to raise the siege on the approach of Sir Charles Coote,
who sullied his victory by an unauthorised and indis-
criminate slaughter of the inhabitants of the town.
Wicklow is situated on a piece of elevated rugged
ground backed by hills of considerable height, over the
point at which the river Vartrey, or Leitrim, after flow-
ing through the narrow creek already noticed, discharges
itself into St. George's Channel ; this river- is crossed
by a bridge of eight arches. The houses, 4.58 in num-
ber, are irregularly built, and of very inferior appear-
ance ; the streets are narrow, and not lighted ; but
there is an ample supply of water from springs : the
town is a place of resort for sea-bathing during the
summer months, and would be much more frequented
for this purpose were suitable accommodations pro-
vided for visiters. Races occasionally take place on the
Murragh, a portion of which is kept as a race-course,
where a small stand has been erected. This border of
low land, which extends nearly six miles northwards,
slopes down gradually to the strand, which, at low-
WICK
WICK
water mark, sometimes consists merely of fine sand, but
at other times of layers of small pebbles, three or four
feet deep and of considerable breadth, varying according
to the changes of the weather ; many of these pebbles
are so much esteeii\ed for their beauty as to be bought
up by the jewellers in Dublin, to be wrought into neck-
laces and other ornaments. Several neat houses have
been lately built on the Murragh, and also hot and cold
baths.
In the excise arrangements the town is within the
district of Naas. The market is held on Saturday, for
butchers'- meat, poultry, and vegetables, which are ex-
posed for sale in the market-house and the shambles :
there are no regular markets for corn, that article being
delivered at the merchants' stores on any day of the
week. The fairs are on March '2Sth, May '24th, Aug.
VZth, and Nov. ?.5th. The trade is confined to the ex-
portation of grain, and of copper and lead ore, of which
400 tons from the neighbouring mines are shipped
weekly ; and to the importation of coal, culm, lime-
stone, timber, and iron. The gross estimated value of
the exports in a recent year was 3686,.566, of which
£'23,491 were for corn, and £63,0*5 for copper-ore : the
gross value of the imports in the same year was £l.'j,67 1,
of which £6'20'2 were for coal, &c., £4168, iron an(l
other metals, ike, £948, tea, &c., and the remainder
various other articles. The estuary of the Vartrey,
which forms the harbour, is accessible only to vessels
of small burthen, in consequence of a bar at its entrance,
on which there are only eight feet of water at spring
and not more than four or five at neap tides ; but ves-
sels may ride in the bay, in three or four fathoms of
water, during the prevalence of westerly winds. Some
attempts were made, about the year I76O, to diminish
the obstruction, when sums to the amount of £800 were
granted by parliament, but did not produce any benefi-
cial result. In 183.5 an application was made to the Irish
government by the merchants and traders of the port,
pointing out the advantages of having a large and secure
harbour formed here ; which was not acceded to, in
consequence of the expense that must have been in-
curred, as, according to the reports of scientific men,
the construction of such a harbour would require an
outlay of £80,000. In the same year the number of
vessels belonging to the port was 20, varying in burthen
from 3.5 to 100 tons ; and about 30 small craft. Two
lighthouses have been erected on Wicklow Head, a pro-
montory of considerable height boldly projecting into
the sea, about a mile to the south of the town. The
lantern of one of these lighthouses is 2.50 feet above
high-water mark, and is visible in clear weather at a
distance of '21 nautical miles ; the other, 540 feet dis-
tant, is but 1'21 feet above the same level, and spreads
its light only to 16 miles distance : both are fixed lights.
Under the Head are several caverns, scooped out by the
incessant working of the waves, and in which seals fre-
quently take shelter. A coast-guard is fixed here, being
one of the eight stations which constitute the district of
Glynn.
The limits of the late borough, which were fixed by
prescription, included the town of Wicklow and a space
of a mile from it in every direction on the land side.
The corporation was constituted by a charter granted in
the nth of James I., according to which it consisted,
till its dissolution in 1840, of a portreeve chosen an-
675
nually from among the burgesses, 12 burgesses elected
for life from among the freemen, and an unlimited num-
ber of freemen, who were admissible by birth, appren-
ticeship, marriage, or special favour, and enjoyed an
exemption from tolls and harbour dues, and a right of
commonage on the Murragh : there had been no recorder
for several years. In 1840 the town was placed under
commissioners appointed by act 9th George IV., cap. 82.
The charter griinted the portreeve and burgesses the
power of returning two members to the Irish parliament,
which was exercised by them until the Union, when the
borough was disfranchised. The landed property of the
late corporation consists of 200 or 300 acres, all let on
terminable leases : the rental is on the increase. Mar-
ket tolls have been relinquished for some time : a barrel
of coal is taken from each vessel discharging in the
port i harbour dues are levied on all vessels of above
20 tons' burthen. The corporation exerted the power
of regulating the pilotage. The portreeve held a court
every Tuesday, in which debts to the amount of five
marks, or £3. 6. 8. Irish, could be recovered ; he was
not, however, a justice of the peace for the borough,
which was, in this respect, under the control of the
county magistracy. The town is a station for the con-
stabulary police. The castle, called in public documents
" The King's Castle of Wicklow," was specially exempt
from the jurisdiction of the borough : from an inquisi-
tion held in 1620, it appears that every person selling
beer in the town had to pay to the use of the castle four
sextaries (pints) of ale for every bushel of malt brewed ;
and that several parcels of land, amounting to 45 acres,
belonged to it. The assizes for the county, and the
general-sessions for its eastern district, are held here ;
petty-sessions arc held at Rathnew, as being more cen-
tral for the surrounding district. The representatives
for the county are elected here. The county court-
house, erected in 1824, is a plain but commodious edi-
fice, with sufficient accommodation for all requisite
purposes. The gaol, which adjoins it, contains 6 wards,
having in all 32 cells, 5 day-rooms, and 4 yards, a small
chapel, and a separate hospital, besides a debtors' ward;
it has also a treadmill : the building stands on 1^ acre,
inclosed with a high wall. An addition is about to be
made to it, to carry out the penitentiary system.
The BENEFICE of Wicklow extended over a district com-
prehending several chapelries and parochial churches ;
and on the annexation of the church of Newcastle-
Lyons to the archdeaconry of Glendalough, in 1467, it
was separated from that dignity, and erected into a
distinct prebend. According to a terrier dated 17S1,
the vicarage of Wicklow comprised what are called, in
the ecclesiastical return, the chapelries, and in the ci\il
return the constablcwicks, of Rathnew, Killcskey,
Glanealy, and Kilcommon. The place is a prebend in
the cathedral church of St. Patrick, and a vicarage, in
the archdiocese of Dublin and Glendalough, episcopally
united in 1795 ; the whole comprising the rectory and
vicarage of Drumkey, the vicarage of Kilpoolc, and the
chapelries of Glanealy, Kilcommon, Rathnew, Killeskey.
and Killoughter ; and in the patronage of the Arch-
bishop. The tithe rent-charge of the four chapelries
amounts to £862. 10., and that of Drumkey and Kil-
poole to £138. 15., £45 of which are payable to Earl
Fitzwilliam ; the tithe of the whole union is about
£1000. There is a glebe-house in the chapelr^- of
4 R2
W I C K
Glanealy ; and in the union are three glebes, containing
in all 4Qa. Ir. I9p. The church, locally in Drumkey, is
a neat edifice with a tower and a copper cupola, which
were added in 17*7, by a bequest of a member of the
Eaton family, formerly resident in the town ; over the
south door is a fine Saxon arch which belonged to a
more ancient church : the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
lately granted £670 for repairs. There are also churches
in the chapelries of Glanealy and Killeskey, the latter
of which was built partly at the expense of the late
Francis Synge, of Glenmore, Esq. The Roman Catho-
lic district is nearly co-extensive with the Protestant
union : the principal chapel, a plain cruciform edifice
with a tower, forms, with the schools annexed to it, an
extensive pile near the entrance to the town ; there are
also chapels at Ballynahinch, near Ashford, and at
Glanealy. In the town are places of worship for Wes-
leyan Methodists and the Society of Friends.
The diocesan school for the archdiocese of Dublin
was established here under an act of the 12th of Eliza-
beth ; a grant of ten acres of land near the tosvn to
encourage a Protestant clergyman to keep a classical
school remained inoperative for some years, until the
land was recovered by the Rev. Mr. Corcoran, head-
master of the diocesan school. The Wicklow parochial
schools were built in IS'iT, at an an expense of £656
late currency, of which £'200 were granted from the
Lord-Lieutenant's fund ; and an infants' school was
established in 1830, by the Hon. Martha Stratford.
Among the sources from which these schools are main-
tained, are, a bequest of £37. 6. 8. per annum from a
member of the Eaton family, £S from the Association
for Discountenancing Vice, and an allowance varying
from £40 to £.50 from the Governors of the Foundling
Hospital, Dublin, for instructing and clothing some
of its children. There is also a school of industry,
chiefly supported by a bequest of £25. 5. per annum by
IVIiss Catherine Eaton. The county infirmary and fever
hospital were erected in 1834, at a cost of £2000, de-
frayed by subscription and grand jury presentments :
each of the two departments is divided into four wards.
The whole forms a neat building, situated in an airy
part of the town : the infirmary is supported by county
l)resentraents, the petty-sessions' fines of the whole
county, and subscriptions ; the fever hospital, by sub-
scriptions only. A parochial almshouse for 15 aged
men and widows is supported by subscription, and by
the weekly collections at the church. There are also a
coal and sick-clothing fund, a fund for supplying the
poor with blankets, and a loan fund. A sum of about
£500 per annum is thus expended on the poor, of
which £82. 18. 8. proceed from a bequest of the late
Miss Eaton, £11. 1.4. from a bequest of Mr. Boswell,
and £21 a bequest from a Mr. INlorrison.
On a rocky projection overhanging the sea, may still
be seen a small fragment of the walls of the ancient
castle, the masonry of which is so excellent that it ap-
pears to be a portion of the natural rock : it is called
the Black Castle. There are also some remains of a
Franciscan convent, founded by the Byrnes and O'Tooles
in the reigu of Henry HI., near the entrance of the town
from the Dublin and Wexford road ; they are inclosed in
the grounds of the parish priest, for which a nominal rent
is charged. In the grounds are a number of remark-
ably fine old yew-trees.
676
WOOD
WILLESTOWN.— See Carrigparson.
WILLIAMSTOWN, a village, in the parish of
BooTERSTOWN, partly in the barony of Dublin, but
chiefly in the barony of Rathdown, county of Dublin,
and province of Leinster, 3^ miles (S. E.) from Dublin,
on the road to Kingstown and Bray; containing 575
inhabitants. This village is situated upon the southern
shore of the bay of Dublin, close to the Kingstown rail-
way, with which it communicates for the purpose of
taking up or setting down passengers. It is much fre-
quented in the summer months as a bathing-place, from
its fine, smooth, sandy beach, and its baths. Here is a
station of the metropolitan police ; the post has three
deliveries daily from the city, and a constant communi-
cation is kept up with Kingstown. In the immediate
vicinity are several neat villas, which embrace a fine
prospect of the bay : the principal are Ruby Lodge,
Belleview, Seafort Lodge, Caroline Lodge, Wcstfield,
and Williamstown Castle. Here are two eminent board-
ing schools, Castledawson and Seafort.
WITTER, or Grange-Outer, a parish, in the union
of DowNPATRtCK, barony of Ardes, county of Down,
and province of Ulster, 2 miles (S. E.) from Portaferry;
containing 1053 inhabitants. This parish is situated on
the eastern coast, forming a peninsula round which is
the entrance to Strangford lough ; and comprises
2529| statute acres, the greater portion good land in an
improved state of cultivation. On the north side of the
entrance of the lough is Ballyquintin Point, in lat.
54° 19' 30" (N.) and Ion. 5° 28' 20" (W.), from which
the coast extends N. E. 4 miles to Carney Point ; and
within this distance of coast are two creeks, affording
occasional shelter to fishing-craft. About half a mile
to the east of Tara Hill, on which is a moat or earthern
fort, is Tara bay, which is spacious, and sheltered from
all winds except the north-east, but dry at low water ;
and about half a mile farther is Quintin bay, affording
good anchorage in four fathoms in oif-shore winds, and
having a tolerably well-sheltered cove. At Tara is a
coast-guard station belonging to the Donaghadee dis-
trict. The parish is a vicarage, in the diocese of Down,
forming part of the union of Inch ; the rectory is im-
propriate in John Echlin, Esq. In the Roman Catholic
divisions the parish forms part of the unions of Upper
and Lower Ardes : at Ballygilgat is a chapel for the
parishes of Slane, Ardkeen, and Ballytrustin, and the
liberty of Castlebuoy, called the parish of Lower Ardes.
On the shore of Quintin bay are the ruins of a very
strong castle, built by De Courcy in 1184.
WOODFORD, a town, in the parish of Ballyna-
KiLL, union of Scariff, barony of Leitri.m, county of
Galway, and province of Connaught, 6 mdes (\V. S. W.)
from Portumna, and on the road from Loughrea to
Nenagh ; containing 396 inhabitants. It is situated on
the Rossmore river, which flows into Lough Derg on the
Shannon and is here crossed by a bridge, and, about
two miles below the town, by Rossmore bridge, to
which the river is navigable at present for boats of
about 20 tons' burthen. It has been proposed by the
government engineers to improve the navigation of the
river, to form a good road from Woodford to Rossmore
bridge, and at the latter place to construct a quay and
other accommodations for the shipment of agricultural
produce. About 70 years since an extensive iron-
foundry was carried on here, and, 20 years subse-
W O O 1)
W {) () I.
qiicntly, the manufacture of salt ; iron-ore is supposed
to exist extensively in the neighbouring mountains,
and evidence of the old iron-works may still be seen
adjoining the town, where is a stratum of cinders from
three to four feet deep. Here is a mill for grinding
corn; and fairs are held on March IHth, May I'ith,
June ^5th, and Dec. '26th. A receiving-house for letters
is in connexion with Loughrea : there is a good barrack,
at present occupied by one company of infantry ; and a
constabulary police force is stationed in the town. A
seneschal's court for the recovery of small debts is oc-
casionally held. Here are the parochial church, a neat
building j and the Roman Catholic chapel of the district
of Woodford : Marble Hill, the seat of Sir John Burke,
Bart., and Eagle Hill, are in tlie vicinity. On Ben-
more mountain, about 1^ mile north of the town, is
a quarry of fine freestone, capable of furnishing blocks
of large dimensions, adajited both for useful and or-
namental purposes ; and should the proposed improve-
ments be carried into effect, it is likely to be worked
to a considerable extent. Near the town is a chaly-
beate spa, formerly used with success for medicinal pur-
poses.
WOODS-CHAPEL, or Chapelin-the-Woods, a
district parish, in the union of Magherafelt, barony
of LouGHiNSHOLiN, county of Londonderry, and pro-
vince of Ulster, 2^ miles (E.) from Magherafelt, and on
the road from Belfast to Londonderry, by Toome bridge.
Prior to the Reformation this district was a parish,
called in ecclesiastical records the parish of Ross-Aglish,
with a church, glebe, and glebe-house, as appears by the
return made to Henry VHL in 1540. It was granted
by Queen Elizabeth, together with Ardtrea, and Kiltinny
now called Upper Aglish, to the Provost and Fellows of
Trinity College, Dublin ; the three were then united
into a single parish under the name of Ardtrea, and so
continued untd IS^S, when this district was severed
from it, and constituted a perpetual curacy according
to the ecclesiastical, and a district parish according to
the civil, arrangements.
The district thus consists of 15 townlands taken from
the parish of Ardtrea. It extends from near Money-
more, along the shore of Lough Neagh, by Ballyronan,
Castledawson, and Toome, to the neighbourhood of
Bellagby, on the shore of Lough Beg ; comprising an
extent of 10,440^ statute acres. The soil in general is
light, with an occasional intermixture of rich land ; that
in the neighbourhood of Ballyronan is very fertile and
highly cultivated, well fenced, and planted. The crops
usually raised are wheat, oats, barley, potatoes, turnips,
and Hax ; mangel-wurzel, clover, and vetches sometimes
form part of the rotation. In the neighbourhood of
Toome, between the lakes and towards Bellaghy, the
land consists altogether of low marshy meadow, mostly
covered with water during winter, but in summer yield-
ing excellent and abundant pasturage. The Lough
Neagh Improvement Company proposed, some years
ago, to draw off the surplus water of the lake through
this tract, and thus not only to effect the thorough
drainage of this quantity of rich land, but, by reducing
the waters of Lough Neagh to their summer level, to
reclaim many thousand acres now under water, and
consequently unprofitable during a great portion of the
year. The soil of the parish rests mostly on a substra-
tum of basalt, which shews itself frequently above the
677
surface in knolls of rock, much broken and decom-
posed : some veins of the coal formation from Castle-
dawson appear near Warwick Lodge, and a few scatter-
ed fragments of the limestone formation from Spring-
hill ; but in neither case does the a])pearance of the
seams hold out encouragement for an expenditure of
capital to work them. Close to the shore of Loiigh
Neagh is the village of Ballyronan, icliirh sie. The
houses of the farmers, though generally small, are well
built, comfortably furnished, and for the most part sur-
rounded with small orchards and gardens. The plan-
tations about the mansion of Lakeview, being arranged
partly in hedgerows and partly in clumps or groves,
give the neighbourhood a lively appearance. The other
seats are, W^arwick Lodge ; Lisnamorrow ; and Bally-
neil House, of the Dowdall family, lineal descendants
of the celebrated Geo. Dowdall, Archbishop of Armagh,
whose opposition to the orders of Henry VIII. respect-
ing the clianges of the Liturgy gave rise to the long-
continued controversy between the Archbishops of
Armagh and Dublin, as to the right of each to the pri-
macy of the Church of Ireland, which was ultimately
determined in favour of the former prelate.
The living is a perpetual curacy, in the diocese of
Armagh, and in the patronage of the Rector of Ardtrea :
the income of the perpetual curate amounts to £89. 4.,
of which £69. 4. are [jayable by the rector of Ardtrea,
and £'20 from the augmentation fund of the Ecclesiasti-
cal Commissioners. The glebes appear to have been
comprised in the grant by James I. to the London So-
ciety, pr they have since merged into the estate of the
Salters' Company, which has an extensive and valuable
property here. The church, at Lisnamorrow, ten miles
distant from the mother church, and between two and
three east of Magherafelt, was built in 1730, and en-
larged in IS'2.5 at an expense of £415 British by a loan
from the Board of First Fruits : the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners lately granted £183 for repairs. The ruins
of the old church still remain ; and its yard is used as
a burial-ground. In the Roman Catholic divisions the
parish forms part of the district of Moneymore, and has
a chapel, a small plain edifice, at Derrygarve. At Bally-
maguigan, or Gracefield, is a small Moravian settlement,
with a chapel, burial-ground, and school attached to it.
The male and female parochial schools, at Lisnamorrow,
close to the churchyard, are chiefly supported by the
rector ; one at Ballyronan is supported by the Mar-
quess of Londonderry, Sir Robert Bateson, Bart., and
D. Gaussen, Esq., of Lakeview ; and there are others in
the parish, at Aughrim, Anahorish, Ballymuldey, Bally-
muldeymore, Creagh Moyola, and Derrygarve, in con-
nexion with different societies : these schools afford
instruction to a considerable niunberof children of both
sexes ; and there are also several Sunday schools.
WOOLLEN-GRANGE, or Mollgrange, a parish,
in the barony of Gowran, union and county of Kil-
kenny, and province of Leinster, 5 miles (W. S. W.)
from Gowran, and on the river Nore ; containing 3'2S
inhabitants. This parish comprises I6635 statute acres.
It anciently formed part of the possessions of the abbey
of Jerpoint, and is a rectory, in the diocese of Ossory,
being one of the several denominations that form the
union of Burnchurch ; the tithe rent-charge is £141.
In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish is part of
the district of Danesfort.
Y O U G
YAGOE, or Yagoestown, a parish, in the poor-
law union of Naas, barony of South Naas, county of
KiLDARE, and province of Leinster, I5 mile (W.)
from Ballymore-Eustace, on the road to KilcuUen ; con-
taining '291 inhabitants. This parish, anciently called
St. Jago, from its church being dedicated to St. James,
is situated upon the confines of the county of Wicklow,
and comprises IS'^O^ statute acres. The advowson an-
ciently belonged to the Dean and Chapter of St. Patrick's
cathedral, Dublin, and was granted in 1230 to the Earl
of Pembroke, in consequence of a compact between him
and Archbishop Henry, by which the earl confirmed to
him the church of Moncolumbkill (granted by his
father) on the condition that he and his heirs should
present to a prebend of the value of fifty marks. On
the failure of issue male in the family of the earl, the
living became the property of Agnes De Vesey, from
whom it passed to the Earl of Kildare, whose family
have ever since presented. It had two dependent
chapels, Inchebri>lane and Brethnockstown : the for-
mer, from an extensive grange belonging to the abbey of
Baltiuglass, obtained the name of Grangia Monachorum ;
that of Brethnockstown is now within the demesne of
R. La Touche, Esq. The seats are Ardenode, Anne-
field, Enfield, and BoUabeg. The parish is a rectory
and vicarage, in the diocese of Dublin, the rectory
being the corps of the prebend of Yagoe, in the patron-
age of the Duke of Leinster ; the vicarage is part of the
union of Ballymore-Eustace. The tithe rent-charge is
£61. 6. 2., of which £'23. 1'2. 6. are payable to the pre-
bendary and the remainder to the vicar. In the Ro-
man Catholic divisions the parish is also part of the
union or district of Ballymore-Eustace. The ruins of
the parochial church, in a burial-ground, are within the
demesne of Annefield.
YELLOW-FURZE, a village, in the parish of Pains-
town, union of Navan, barony of Lower Duleek,
county of Meath, and province of Leinster, 3 miles
(S.) from Slane, and on the road from Dublin, by Stack-
alien bridge, to Nobber ; containing '26 houses, and 12*
inhabitants. Here is a Roman Catholic chapel, a hand-
some modern building in the Gothic style.
YOUGHAL, a sea-port,
borough, and market town,
and a parish, in the poor-
law union of Midleton,
barony of Imokillv, county
of Cork, and province of
Munster, '29 miles (E.) from
Cork, and l'24i (s. \v.) from
Dublin; containing 11,054
inhabitants, of whom 9939
are in the town. The place
derived its name, Eo-chaUl,
in the Irish language signi-
fying " a yew wood," from its situation at fhe base of a
range of hills, which, at the period of its erection, was a
dense forest. The Anglo-Norman adventurers esta-
blished here a colony from Bristol, soon after their con-
678
Seal.
YOUG
quest of Waterford ; and so early as the year 1209 the
town received from King John a charter of incorpora-
tion which is still preserved among the archives of Lis-
more Castle. In 1229, according to Holiushed, Mau-
rice Fitz-Gerald founded a Franciscan monastery on
the south side of the town, which was the first religious
foundation of the order in Ireland. It is recorded that
he originally intended the building for a castle, but
that, in consequence of some harsh treatment which the
workmen received from his eldest son, he changed his
design and determined to devote it to religious uses :
dying in 1257, it was completed in 1260 by his second
son, Thomas, whose son, in 126S, founded a Dominican
monastery, called the Friary of St. Mary of Thanks,
which was opened for its inmates, in August, 1271. At
this time the town had attained some commercial emi-
nence, for in 1267 the amount of customs paid was
£103. In 1317, Sir Roger Mortimer, who had been
appointed lord-justice, landed here in Easter week
with 38 knights, and in a short time compelled Edward
Bruce, with his plundering Scots, to retreat from the
neighbouring country and take refuge in Ulster ; and in
the year following, Alexander Bicknor, Archbishop of
Dublin and Lord-Deputy of Ireland, also landed at this
port. The collegiate church and college-house, which
form the chief attraction of the place, were founded in
1464, by Thomas, Earl of Desmond. The latter insti-
tution was richly endowed with money and lands, and
comprised a community of a warden, eight fellows, and
eight choristers, who lived in a collegiate manner, having
a common table and all other necessaries allowed them,
with an annual stipend each.
In 1579, the Earl of Desmond, on being proclaimed
a traitor, led his forces to this place, plundered the
town, and carried o£f the property of the inhabitants to
his castles of Strancally and Lisfinny, in the county of
Waterford, at that time occupied by the Spaniards. The
Earl of Ormonde, receiving intelligence of this attack,
sent a ship from Waterford with troops which entered
the town ; but, being overpowered by the forces of the
seneschal of Imokilly, most of them were killed, and the
remainder escaped with difficulty to their ship. The
mayor had before this perfidiously refused to receive an
English garrison, promising to defend the place to the
last e.xtremity; having made no effort for that purpose,
he was tried by a court martial, found guilty, and
hanged before his own house. The devastation to
which the town was subjected during this rebellion com-
pelled the inhabitants to abandon it ; but on the retreat
of the insurgents in 15S0, they were invited to return,
and in order to inspire them with confidence a garrison
of 300 foot was left for their defence. In 15S2 the
seneschal of Imokilly, with all the forces he could
muster, came suddenly to Youghal and scaled the walls ;
the alarm however being given, he was repulsed by a
portion of the garrison, with the loss of 50 of his men.
On the plantation of Munster, in the 28th of Elizabeth,
1586, an important project was contemplated which has
been strangely overlooked by most writers on the sub-
ject, yet which, if it had been carried out, would have
resulted in the formation of a new county in Ireland.
We learn from Sir Richard Cox, that it was the royal
wish the county of Cork should be divided into two ;
the western and more considerable portion to retain its
name, having for its capital the city of Cork ; and the
YO UG
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eastern to be denominated "the county of Youghal,"
and to derive its designation from its chief town. The
project was favourably regarded by her successor,
James I., who, in a letter to Sir Arthur Chichester,
dated 30th January, 1613, proposed " that Cork shouhl
be divided into two counties," adducing his reasons
from its unwieldy size. The measure was frustrated
chiefly through the energetic opposition of the Earl of
Cork ; yet, if we may judge from contemporaneous
documents found among the archives of the corporation
of Youghal, there can be little question that the scheme
would have become a law had it not been for the king's
death. It was feebly renewed by Anne, when it was
resisted by the Earl of Burlington and the Irish chan-
cellor Brodrick. A modification of the original design
was at length adopted in a late reign : by the act 4th
George IV., cap. 93, the county of Cork was divided
into the East and West ridings, for the purpose of
holding general-sessions of the peace.
In the war of 1641 the tow'u again became an im-
portant military station, and was defended against the
insnrgents by the Earl of Cork, at his own expense,
with 1000 foot and 60 horse ; in addition to which, the
townsmen maintained 15 companies without any other
supply than what the earl might furnish. Sir Charles
Vavasour, with his regiment of 1000 men, came to their
assistance in February, 1642, and landed with some dif-
ficulty ; soon after, the earl, assisted by his sons the
Lords Dungarvan, Broghill, Kinalmeaky, and Barry-
more, held a session in the town, at which the principal
insurgent leaders were indicted for high treason : this
powerful nobleman died in the following year. In 1644
the native Irish were expelled from the town, and their
property was seized. In 1645 the place was besieged
by Lord Castlehaven : although the town was in a very
weak state of defence and the garrison small, the be-
siegers were several times repulsed and, on the arrival
of Lord Broghill with assistance, were compelled to
abandon the enterprise. On the approach of Cromwell
in I64y, the inhabitants, through the interest of Lord
Broghill, embraced the cause of the parliament, and the
Protector made Youghal his head-quarters till the
spring ; after the siege of Clonmel he returned, and
embarked here on the "JQlh May, 1650, for England.
By letters-patent under the privy seal, dated Feb. 14th,
1660, their estates and franchises were restored to the
inhabitants, being " innocent Papi.sts," who had been
deprived of them during Cromwell's usurpation. On
the 'Jnd of August, 1690, after the reduction of Water-
ford, Youghal surrendered to a few dragoons of King
William's army ; and on the 9th the governor marched
at the head of a small army to Castlemartyr, where he
defeated a large number of the Irish, and seized the
castle for the king's use. In I696 the inhabitants man-
ned a boat with 40 seamen and soldiers, and captured
a French privateer which had seized on some boats be-
longing to the town, and sent one of them into the har-
bour to obtain supplies, while she lay herself at anchor
under Capell Island. His Majesty William IV., when
Prince William Henry, visited Youghal as commander
of the ship Pegasus, in 1*87; and honoured the corpo-
ration with his company to dinner, on which occasion
he was presented with the freedom of the borough.
The TOWN is pleasantly situated on the western shore
of the harbour to which it gives name, and which is
679
inclosed between two bold eminences called Blackball
Head and Knockvarry, leaving a channel about half a
mile in breadth for the confluent streams of the Toragh
or Tohrig and the Blackwater, which discharge them-
selves into the bay. The Toragh in a boundary between
Cork and Waterford for about two miles before it falls
into the Blackwater, and then makes a bold sweep to
the east and south, forming in appearance a fine lake,
environed by an amphitheatre of verdant and gently
sloping hills, which terminate abruptly on the south in
the two bold eminences previously noticed. Knock-
varry, rising immediately over the town, is in many
places well planted. The principal street, from which
diverge several smaller streets, is nearly a mile in
length, and is divided by the Clock-Gate into the north
and south main-streets : the houses are irregularly
built, but generally of respectable appearance, though
occasionally intermixed with a few of the more ancient,
which are in a ruinous and dilapidated state ; the total
number, in 1H41, was 1360. The streets are mac-
adamized, with the footways flagged ; they are lighted
with gas, and cleansed under the provisions of the act
of the 9th of George IV. The inhabitants are supplied
with water from pumps erected in various parts ; but
the supply in dry seasons being deficient, and the water,
from an admixture of sea-water, being at times (at high
water) rendered unpalatable, it is in contemplation to
bring water of a better quality to the houses by pipes
from the extremities of the town, where there is an
abundant supply.
Within the last half century the town has extended
itself in all directions ; the ancient walls, with the ex-
ception of portions at the western side and some strong
flanking towers, have been removed, and a valuable
piece of slab having been reclaimed by the corporation
and their tenantry, Catherine-street, the Mall, and
numerous extensive warehouses, have been built on it.
At the southern extremity of the town, on the site of
the South Abbey, two ranges of spacious and handsome
houses have been erected, and an elegant and commo-
dious hotel built, by the Duke of Devonshire ; on the
north-west side of the town is Nelson-place ; and
a ueat row of houses has been built on the east side.
Most of the houses in the principal streets are either
new, or have been modernised ; many of the ancient
houses have been newly fronted, but may still be dis-
tinguished by their gable ends fronting the street, and
their pointed doorways of stone. The town is much
frequented during the summer for sea-bathing, for which
it is well adapted, having a fine, smooth, and level
strand extending nearly three miles along the western
shore of the bay ; but as a watering-place it is deficient
in the accommodation of good lodgings, which might be
easily supplied by the erection of marine villas and
lodging-houses at the Cork entrance to the town, along
the declivity of the hill, which would command a pleas-
ing prospect of the bay, the strand, and Capell Island.
This would not only increase the number of visiters
during the season, but induce many persons to take up
their perraaraent abode in the town, which among other
advantages, enjoys the benefit of cheap and well sup-
plied markets, salubrity of atmosphere, central situation,
and excellent society.
The Bridge over the Blackwater, a mile and a half
north-east from the town, was erected in 1830, after a
Y O U G
design of the late Alexander Nimmo, by George Nimmo,
Esq., under the provisions of an act passed in IS^S,
which empowered certain commissioners to take ground
and to erect a bridge from Foxhole, in the parish of St.
Mary, Youghal, to the opposite shore, in the parish of
Clas'hmore, county of Waterford. The expense of its
erection, exclusively of £8509 paid to the corporation
for the ferry, was £22,000, towards which government
advanced £10,000 as a loan; it was carried into exe-
cution by proprietary shareholders of £100 each, but
the speculation has not renumerated them. This struc-
ture is built of Memel fir, and is remarkably light and
elegant : it is ITS* feet in length, including a draw-
bridge 40 feet long ; its uniform breadth is 22 feet
within the railings, which are 4| feet in height ; and the
whole is supported on 57 sets of piers, of five pillars
each. The Gas-works, on the strand adjoining the
northern entrance to the town, were built in 1&30 under
the provisions of the act of the 9th of George IV. ; the
establishment is managed by 21 commissioners.
There are two public reading-rooms, one in the Mall-
house and the other in the Operative Association Rooms,
both well furnished with English and Irish newspapers,
periodicals, and works of reference. The Youghal Lite-
rary and Scientific Institution for the diffusion of know-
ledge by lectures on subjects capable of practical illus-
tration, was founded in 1833, and is supported by annual
subscriptions of half a guinea each, which entitle the
subscriber and his family to admission to the lectures :
a library and museum are in course of formation. A
horticultural society has been established, and at fit sea-
sons gives public exhibitions of flowers, fruits, and vege-
tables, for which prizes are awarded. Balls and concerts
are held during the summer season at the Mall-house.
A savings' bank was established in 1818, and a large
and handsome building was erected for it in 1831, the
expense of which was defrayed from the accumulated
surplus fund ; the business is conducted by 10 trustees
and 30 managers : in the year ending 20th November,
1844, the number of depositers was 11*8, by whom
£10,653 were lodged ; and the total amount of deposits
is £37,513. On an eminence north of the town are
infantry barracks for the accommodation of 6 otficers
and ISO men.
The woollen manufacture was formerly carried on
here to a considerable extent, but has long since been
discontinued ; that of porcelain and fine delf was like-
wise carried on for a time : the manufactures at present
are those of bricks, of which some of a very fine quality
are sent coastwise to Cork ; a coarse kind of pottery
made for the use of the neighbourhood; and an ex-
tensive rope-manufacture. A large porter and ale
brewery was established at the northern end of the
town by Messrs. Deaves and Eustace, the machinery
of which is of the most improved kind ; a malting con-
cern is connected with it. Messrs. Keays and Messrs.
Ronayne have each establishments for the purchase and
export of salmon in ice : the annual amount of export
is valued at about £2500. At the north end of the
town is a quarry of good clay-slate used as building-
stone, which produces an abundant supply ; it is the
property of the Town Commissioners, who generously
give it to the quarry-men working it, by whom the pro-
duce is disposed of to great advantage. The trade of
the PORT is very considerable, especially the coasting-
680
Y O U G
trade ; it consists chiefly of the export of agricultural
produce, and the import of coal, culm, timber, Stafford-
shire ware, porter, and groceries, for the supply of the
neighbourhood. In a recent year there were sent from
this port 156,653 barrels of oats, 12,827 of wheat, and
16,973 of barley, 13,123 sacks of flour, 832 barrels of
rye, 8593 firkins and 419 kegs of butter, 641 sacks of
biscuit, 2190 bales of bacon, 6429 live pigs, 866 head
of cattle, 434 sheep, 40 hogsheads of lard, 613 gallons
of whisky, and a large quantity of dried salmon. The
value of these exports was estimated at £215,316; the
value of the imports in the same year was £28,310.
The number of vessels that cleared outwards was, 420
with cargoes, and 46 in ballast ; and the number that
entered inwards, 459 with cargoes of coal, culm, and
timber, and 26 in ballast. The number of vessels regis-
tered as belonging to the port was 28, of the aggregate
burthen of 2998 tons, two of which were engaged in the
foreign trade : the duties paid at the custom-house
amounted to £561. 15.
The harbour is safe and commodious, and at spring
tides is accessible to vessels of 500 tons' burthen. Ships
of any burthen may ride afloat off the town, when in-
side, as there is a depth of four fathoms at low water ;
but there is a bar across the entrance, extending about
a mile to the south, on which are only five feet at low
water, and thirteen feet at high water of neap tides : the
sea is consequently rough when the wind blows on the
shore or against ,the tide. The quays are extensive and
in good repair ; and on one of them is the custom-house,
a building well adapted to its purpose ; but Youghal
being only a creek to Cork, most of the large vessels
discharge at the latter port. Here is a coast-guard
station consisting of one officer and seven men under a
resident inspecting commander, forming the head of the
district of Youghal, which extends from Ballyvoile Head
to Bally- William Cove eastward, a distance of 54 miles
of maritime boundary, comprising the subordinate sta-
tions of Helwick Head, Ardmore, Knockadoon, and
Ballycotton. In 1844 the fishery district possessed 586
registered craft for fishing, giving employment to 2864
men and boys. The market is daily, but the principal
market is on Saturday, which is large and well supplied,
particularly with fish, meat, and vegetables ; and fairs,
all of which are toll free, are held on the first Thursday
of each month, Ascension-day, and the 18th of October.
There are two convenient market places for butchers'-
meat, and another for fish. The Bank of Ireland, and
the Provincial Bank, have each a branch in the town,
and transact considerable business. A mail-coach to
Cork from Waterford passes through the town every
evening, and another to the latter city is despatched
every morning ; a second daily mail to Dublin, via Fer-
moy, has been recently established, as also a second
daily mail to Cork; besides which there are several stage-
coaches every day to Cork ; and public cars to Ard-
more, Dungarvan, and Clonmel, on the plan introduced
by Mr. Bianconi. The lovely scenery of the river Black-
water, which procured for it from the tourist Inglis the
name of " the Irish Rhine," is now rendered accessible by
means of a small steamer that ascends the river daily as
far as Cappoquin. The question of rendering the Black-
water yet further navigable, even up to Fermoy and
Mallow, has been often canvassed ; a joint-stock com-
pany is now in process of formation under the patron-
YO UG
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age of the Earl of Mount-Cashtl and Sir Richard Mus-
grove, and promises to be successful.
The earliest charter to Youghal on record, exclusively
of those of a temporary nature, is that of the 49th of
Edward III., directing that the dues hitherto paid at
Cork for certain stai)lo articles should henceforward be
paid in the port of Youghal. Another charter of the
'iad of Edward IV. granted to the sovereign and pro-
vosts the cognizance of pleas to any amount, both real
and personal, and appointed the sovereign derk-of-the-
market, with power to regulate the weights and measures
and the assize of bread ; also escheator and admiral of
the port, which was made a petty limb of the cinque-
ports of Ireland. The charter of the '2nd of Richard III.
changed the titles of Sovereign and Provosts into those
of Mayor and Bailiffs, and incorporated the town by
the name of " The Mayor, liailiffs, Burgesses, and Com-
inoiiatti/ of the Town of Youghal," with cognizance of all
])leas real and personal, and a court of record every
Friday, the freemen to be free of tolls throughout Eng-
land and Ireland, and the corporation to have the cus-
toms and cocquet from the headland of Ardmore and
Capell Island to the island of Toureen. The charter of
the l'2th of Henry VII. gave the corporation a ferry at
Youghal and a mease of herrings from every fishing-boat.
That of the 7th of James I. which was considered to be
the governing charter till the dissolution of the corpora-
tion in 1840, after confirming all the privileges in former
grants, and licensing two weekly markets and two fairs,
granted a corporation of the staple, as in Dublin, the
retiring mayor and bailiffs to be mayor and constables
of the staple for the ensuing year ; the mayor, deputy-
mayor, and recorder, to be justices of the peace and of
oyer and terminer for the borough, and for the county
of Cork ; and licensed the mayor to have a sword borne
before him. The charter granted by James II., in the
fourth year of his reign, was not considered valid. The
borough appears to have exercised the elective franchise
by prescription, as, though no notice of that privilege
appears in any of its charters, it continued to send two
members to the Irish parliament from the year 13~4 till
the Union, since which period it has returned one mem-
ber to the Imperial parliament : the right of election was
vested solely in the members of the corporation and the
freemen, whether resident or not ; but by the act of the
^nd of William IV., cap. 88, it was granted to the £10
householders, and the non-resident freemen were dis-
franchised. A new boundary was drawn round the
town, including an area of 212 statute acres. The present
constituenc)' of Youghal is 470.
The mayor was elected from among the burgesses
annually ; the bailiffs were elected annually at the same
court out of the freemen. The aldermen were those bur-
gesses who had been mayors ; the burgesses, those free-
men who had been bailiffs : the number of each class
was unlimited. The freemen were chosen at the court
of d'oyer hundred, but had to be proposed by the
mayor ; no qualification on the part of the candidate
was required. The court of d'oyer hundred was an
assemblage of all the members of the coporation, and
exercised the right of admitting freemen, disposing of
the corporation property, and performing all other cor-
porate acts except the election of officers. There was a
class of freemen, called freemen of trade, arising from
a power given to the corporation to license foreigners to
Vol. II.— 681
trade in the town ; but they exercised no political func-
tions. The recorder was elected for life at a special
meeting of the corporate body, called a court of election.
The court of quarter-sessions, held by the mayor, bailiffs,
and recorder, had jurisdiction in all cases, but confined
its proceedings to larcenies and misdemeanours punish-
able by fine and imprisonment : the court of pleas or
record, held before the mayor and bailiffs, or one of
them, assisted in special cases by the recorder, took
cognizance of pleas to any amount. The town is a con-
stabulary station in the Midleton district, and the police
are under the control of the resident justices of the
peace for the county, who, in consequence of the ex-
tinction of the corporation, hold petty-sessions weekly
on Thursday. The property of the late corporation is
now vested in twenty-one Town Commissioners chosen
under the Lighting and Cleansing act 9th George IV.,
cap. S'i. It consists of lands and tenements, yielding
about £900 per annum ; of tolls and customs, producing
an uncertain amount ; and of an annuity from the Com-
missioners of the Blackwater Bridge, being the interest
on £8500, the purchase money of the ferry. Quarter-
sessions are now held at Youghal (mce a year, before the
assistant barrister for the East riding of the county of
Cork ; debts amounting to £20 are recoverable by pro-
cess in this court, and all offences not capital are
cognizable in it ; it is also a court of registration. The
Mall-house, in which the courts are held and the public
business transacted, is a handsome structure, built by
the corporation in 1779, on a site reclaimed from the
slab ; it contains, besides the court-rooms, an assembly-
room, a reading-room, and the magistrates' offices : ad-
joining it is an agreeable promenade. A lofty square
building of four stones, called the Clock-Gate, from its
being surmounted by a lantern and cupola containing
the town clock, was until recently used as the borough
gaol ; but, being defective in several of the accommoda-
tions essential to the health of the prisoners, it has been
condemned, and a new spacious bridewell is now in
course of erection.
The PARISH comprises 4830 acres : the surface is ex-
ceedingly undulating, and the lands are mostly under
cultivation or planted. The substratum is clay-slate,
the soil light but productive, and the system of agri-
culture is rapidly improving : there is a small portion
of waste land, which is chiefly composed of marsh
and turbary, comprising about 400 acres ; it is being
reclaimed and brought into cultivation. The sur-
rounding scenery is varied, bold, and interesting,
and is embellished with numerous gentlemen's seats.
Among these, the most interesting to the visiter is the
Warden's House of the old collegiate establishment,
now called Myrtle Grore ; it formed part of Queen Eliza-
beth's Irish grant to Sir Walter Raleigh, and was for
some time occupied by the chivalrous knight. In 1602.
when Raleigh feared an attainder, he disposed of all his
Irish estates to Sir Richard Boyle, afterwards created
Earl of Cork ; and, with the rest, passed his residence
at Youghal, where Sir Richard established himself as
owner and occupier, and where he died in 1 643 : from
his successor, Richard, the second earl, the place was
purchased in 1670 by Samuel Hayman, Esq., of the
ancient Kentish and Somersetshire family of that name,
and it has since continued in the possession of his de-
scendants. The house is situated in a secluded spot
4 S
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near the church, and, with the exception of some of the
windows which have been modernised, preserves its
antique character of pointed gables and spacious chim-
neys, and is considered a perfect specimen of the EUza-
bethan style of architecture. The drawing-room is
panelled with polished oak superbly carved ; the mantel-
piece is an elaborate and exquisite specimen of carved
work in the richest designs, the lower cornice resting
upon three beautiful figures representing Faith, Hope,
and Charity, and the whole embellished with a profusion
of richly carved figures and emblematical devices. In
removing the panelling of one of the rooms, some years
since, an aperture in the wall was discovered in which
were found several old books. One, bound in oak, and
printed at Mantua in 1479, consisted of two parts, one
in black letter, a History of the Bible, with coloured
initials; the other part, printed at Strasburgh in 14S3,
is Peter Comestor's Ecclesiastical History, translated by
John Schallus, professor of physic at Hernfield, dedi-
cated to Prince Gonzales : it is now in the possession
of Mathew Hayman, Esq., of South Abbey. The de-
mesne of Myrtle Grove is remarkable for the luxuriant
growth of myrtles, bays, the arbutus, and other exotics,
in the open air, some of which have attained the height
of twenty feet. In the garden of these grounds the
potato, brought by Sir W. Raleigh from America, was
planted ; but, from an erroneous opinion that the apple
which grew on the stalk was the sole produce of the
plant, it was gathered and rejected ; and it was not till
some time after, when the ground was dug for another
crop, that the potatoes were discovered and the value of
the plant appreciated ; from these few plants the whole
country was in course of time stocked. College House,
the property of the Duke of Devonshire, is a handsome
modern edifice, the ancient house built in 1464 having
been taken down; it is a quadrilateral building with a
circular tower at each angle : in the great hall is pre-
served one of the ancient mantel-pieces of the old
house, of the same character but not of such elaborate
workmanship as that at Myrtle Grove. The grounds
are ornamented with myrtles, bay-trees, and the arbu-
tus. The other gentlemen's residences are, Green Park;
Chfton, of Sir Wm. Homan, Bart. ; Bellevue ; Nelson
Hill ; Muckridge ; Brooklodge ; Healthfield ; and Rock-
ville ; besides numerous large and handsome houses
in the town.
The LIVING is a rectory, formerly anne.\ed to the War-
denship of the College of St. Mary, Youghal, as united
in perpetuity to the see of Cloyne by act of council in
1639, but separated from it by an act obtained by the
late Dr. Brinkley ; it now forms a distinct living, but
the wardenship is still annexed to the bishopric, and
the Bishop is patron of the rectory. The tithe rent-
charge is £390. 17. 6. The collegiate establishment was
founded in 1464, by Thomas, Earl of Desmond, and con-
sisted, as before stated, of a warden, eight fellows, aud
eight choristers. It was endowed with the parishes of
Agher, Moyallow, Newtown, and Olehan, to which
were subsequently added those of Ardagh, Clonpriest,
Garrivoe, Ightermurragh, Kilcredan, and Killeagh,
and the vicarage of Kilmacdonough, in the diocese
of Cloyne, and four others in that of Ardfert ; of
all which the duties were performed by the warden and
fellows. The collegiate church was a magnificent struc-
ture in the enriched Gothic style of architecture,
682
YOUG
esteemed the finest specimen of the kind in the island,
with a lofty tower on the north side : it consisted of a
nave, choir, transepts, and north and south aisles ; the
nave and aisles have been fitted up for the parish
church. The chancel or choir is a splendid ruin ; the
north transept is used as a vestry, and the south con-
tains some ancient monuments of the founder, and also
of the earls of Cork and other branches of that family :
the latter transept is the private property of the Duke
of Devonshire ; it has lately been roofed in, and glazed,
but the monuments are much neglected and fast going
to decay. The church is remarkably handsome, and
contains a throne for the bishop, as warden of Youghal,
and a state pew for the corporation. At the south end
of the town is a chapel of ease, a neat plain building,
erected in I8I7 on the cemetery of the ancient Fran-
ciscan friary, at an expense of £1200, of which £900
were a gift from the late Board of First Fruits and £300
were raised by subscription. The Roman Catholic dis-
trict comprises the whole of the parishes of St. Mary
Youghal and Clonpriest : the chapel is a handsome
structure, 100 feet in length and 50 in breadth, built
by subscription, aided by a donation of £700 from Dr.
Coppinger, late Roman Catholic Bishop of Cloyne,
under whose patronage it was erected ; above the altar
is a fine painting of the Crucifixion, brought from Lis-
bon. An imposing entrance tower and graceful spire
were added in 1844, which considerably improve its
outward appearance. At the south entrance of the
town, a handsome convent for nuns of the Presentation
order has been erected, towards the expense of which
£2000 were received from Miss Gould, of Doneraile ;
attached to it are a small chapel, the female national
schools, an infants' school, and a magdalen asylum.
There are also places of worship for the Society of
Friends, Independents, and Primitive and Wesleyan
Methodists.
There are 18 schools in the parish, aflFording instruc-
tion to nearly 1800 children. Of these the male and
female general free schools are supported by sub-
scription and collections after annual sermons in the
churches ; the master and mistress have each a resi-
dence. The Youghal United schools are upon a novel
and very interesting plan ; they are self-supporting
institutions, managed by a committee, and the children
obtain a good English and scriptural education. The
national school is supported by an annual grant of £30
from the Board of Education and collections at the
Roman Catholic chapel ; it is attended by 320 boys,
who are instructed in reading, writing, arithmetic, book-
keeping, and the mathematics. The Convent school, in
which are 600 girls, is conducted by the ladies of the
convent ; and an infants' school is supported by sub-
scription among Protestants. The ancient school,
founded by the Earl of Cork in 1634, has an endow-
ment of £30 per annum, paid by the Duke of Devon-
shire, and affords instruction to 40 boys ; the master
has a house and some excellent land. The remainder
of the schools are private boarding and day schools,
and are wholly supported by the pupils.
The Earl of Cork's alms-houses for poor widows,
founded also in 1634, adjoin the free school : they have
been recently rebuilt in their original style, with the
arms of the founder in front ; and contain apartments
for six poor widows, who are supplied with fuel and
Y O U G
Y () i: G
receive £5 per annum from the Duke of Devonshire.
The ahns-houses founded by Mr. Ronayne have no
endowment for their maintenance. A Protestant alms-
house was established in 1834 at a cost of £675, raised
by subscription, and is for aged persons, who receive
religious instruction every day from a minister of the
Established Church ; there is also a parochial poor
establishment, in which 40 persons are supported chiefly
by collections made in the church. The infirmary, fever-
hospital, and a dispensary are situated in a healthy and
retired spot just without the town ; they form different
wards in the same building, and were opened originally
in 1784, and greatly enlarged in 1806. This invaluable
institution is under the direction of a committee of
management, and has resident medical attendants ; it
is supported by donations, and by an annual present-
ment from the grand jury of the county of the same
amount as that locally subscribed. In the year ending
June, 1845, I960 persons applied for relief, of whom
1934 were cured or relieved ; of 18 surgical cases, two
patients only, died, and of 56 fever patients 50 were
discharged cured : the institution is conducted with the
strictest attention to economy and usefulness in every
department. The lying-in hospital was founded in 1833,
and is wholly supported by voluntary contributions : iu
1845, 114 poor married women were relieved, and of
these 78 were received into the hospital. The merchant-
seamen's fund was established in 1835, for the support
and relief of sick and disabled seamen, and for the
maintenance of the widows of such as are drowned or
otherwise killed iu the merchant-service : the funds
arise from the voluntary contributions of masters and
sailors in the local shipping j the former contributing
two shillings per month, aud the latter, one. The
Tuscan-plat institution was commenced in 18'29, under
the patronage and personal direction of the lady of the
Rev. II. Swanzy, who established a platting-school for
the instruction and subsequent employment of destitute
females, whose moral improvement was to be promoted
by a perusal of the Scriptures. This establishment
affords employment to more than 30 females, and since
its commencement has paid upwards of £800 to the
most destitute class of society. A loan-fund had, in
1844, a capital of £17'23, and circulated in that year
£8436, leaving a gross profit on the year of £233, and
a net profit, alter paying all expenses, of £63 available
to charitable purposes. John Perry, Esq., bequeathed
a sum now producing £'2'2 per annum ; Dr. Dehay left
£100, which has accumulated to £'217, and now pro-
duces £13 per annum ; John Spencer, in I69O, gave a
rent-charge of £1 ; Mr. Cozens bequeathed a house in
1783, which is uow let for £18 per annum ; Mr. John
Rea, in 1795, bequeathed £100 ; Mr. W. Mannix, a rent-
charge of £6 ; and Mrs. Walker, one of £3 ; producing
altogether £64. 14. 5. per annum for distribution among
the poor. Thomas Croker, in 17 18, left a rent-charge
of £4, the payment of which has been latterly discon-
tinued ; and George Melin, Esq., left £100, which were
distributed by his executors in 1834.
The .\NTiauiTiEs may in conclusion be noticed.
The western gable and some of the eastern portions of
the Dominican friary, at the north end of the town, still
remain. The chancel of the collegiate church of St.
Mary, now in ruins, affords a good specimen of its
former magnificence ; the east window of si.x lights is
683
richly embellished with flowing tracery : on the north
side of the altar is a canopied niche with crocketed
finials of elegant design, in which was a tomb, now
removed, but there is still remaining the inscription,
" Hie jacet Thomas Fleming ;" on the south side of the
altar is another ancient tomb. On the south side of
the church is a chapel, formerly called the chantry of
Our Blessed Saviour, which was purchased from the
corporation by the first earl of Cork and contains the
remains of that nobleman and several of his family, to
whose memory is a handsome altar- tomb, bearing his
efiigy recumbent under a splendid arch, with those of
his two wives kneeling ; on either side, and around, are
the efiigies of his children : over the monument is a
large mural tablet of black marble, with the genealogy
of the family. There are also the monument of the
founder of the chapel, which having been defaced in the
Desmond rebellion was restored by the earl ; and a
splendid monument of white marble to the memory of
Lord Broghill. Near it is the tomb of Sir Edward
Villers, lord president of Munster, who died 7th Sept.
16'26. The north transept or chapel, now used as a
vestry, contains some ancient monuments, among which
is one of the Uniacke family, with a cross* fleury and
inscription both in relief, but much injured by exposure
to the damp; it bears the date 1557- At the west
entrance into the church are two monuments found, a
few years since, in digging the foundations of the new-
buildings on the site of the ancient Franciscan monas-
tery at the south end of the town, one bearing a male
and the other a female effigy, supposed to be husband
and wife, with an inscription in Norman French nearly
obliterated. On the north side of the altar is a very
chaste and beautiful monument of white marble, to the
family of Smyth, of Ballinatra. In the nave, now used
for divine service, are several fine mural tablets to
members of the Hayman family, who came to Ireland
from Somersetshire in the reign of Charles II. In the
churchyard, which is one of the most spacious in the
kingdom, are also many curious monuments deserving
of notice.
Of the ancient walls there are some remains on the
western side of the town, where they are tolerably per-
fect, and three of the tenalia or flanking towers are yet
standing. The gates have all been removed, except the
AVater-Gate leading out t(j the quay, which is extremely
dilapidated ; and the Clock-Gate, which was rebuilt iu
1777. In the north main street is Tyntes Castle, in
the style of those erected in the reign of Elizabeth ; it
was built in 1643, by Sir Robert Tynte, Knt., a distin-
guished officer in Lord Carew's army, from whom
Smith relates that the Lord President was obliged to
seize £4000 for the supply of his army. Sir Robert
Tynte died in 1663, and lies buried in the church of
Kilcredan, three miles eastward of Castlemartyr, of
which he was founder : his tomb is on the south side
of the communion-table ; on it is placed the effigy of a
recumbent knight, clad in a surcoat of mail, while at
the head and feet are two kneeling female figures, sup-
posed to represent his two wives. At the north-eastern
extremity of the parish, near the river Tohrig, are the
remains of the castle of Kilnatohrig, a noble structure
formerly belonging to the great Earl of Desmond. Se-
veral ancient houses are still remaining in the town,
some of them having the staircases in the walls, which
Y O U G
YO UG
are of extraordinary thickness : among them is one
said to have been that of Coppinger, the mayor who
was hanged before his own door ; also one in which
Cromwell took up his residence during his stay at
Youghal. A great quantity of silver coins was found
here in 1830 ; the number could not be ascertained,
but more than 400 oz. were sold as old silver in Cork ;
they were mostly pence and half groats of Edward I.,
and also some halfpennies of the same reign. In 1818,
several pieces of stamped pewter of the size of half-
crowns and shillings were found near the walls, which
had evidently been made and passed as money. Many
remains of crosses, croziers, and other ornaments, worn
by the monks and friars, were found in 1817, when
sinking the foundations for the chapel of ease, on the
site of the old South Abbey. On the old Cork road,
near Mary Ville, the property of Mr. Taylor, are the
remains of an ancient Danish fort, which runs under
ground nearly a mile. There are two chalybeate springs,
one on the Spa road near the fever hospital, and the
other at the quarry near the Waterford road, which are
but seldom used. The Earl of Cork and Orrery, among
his inferior titles in the peerage of Ireland, enjoys that
of Baron Boyle, of Youghal, conferred upon his lord-
ship in September, 1616.
YOUGHAL-ARRA, a parish, in the union of Ne-
XAGH, barony of Owney and Arra, county of Tippe-
RARY, and province of Munster, 4^ miles (W.) from
Nenagh, and on the river Shannon; containing SS'il
inhabitants. This parish is situated at the junction of
the counties of Clare and Galway, where the Shannon
expands and forms Lough Derg ; it comprises 8356
6S4
statute acres, of which ,560 are under water. The land
is of inferior quality, much of it being moist and un-
profitable, and there is a considerable quantity of moun-.
tain, but capable of being reclaimed. There are three
extensive slate-quarries of the Mining Company of Ire-
land at work, situated at Curraghbally, Corbally, and
Clonebrien, where large quantities of slate are raised,
for the e.^iportation of which the steam navigation of the
river affords every facility. The small rivers Newtown
and Youghal run through the parish, and afford sites for
mills. On the north and east boundaries of the parish,
between it and that of Dromineer, is the bay of Youghal,
said to be one of the safest in the river. The seats are,
Kilcoleman, in a handsome and well planted demesne
containing some very fine oak-timber ; Monroe ; and
the seat of the Smithwick family, surrounded by thriv-
ing plantations. Fairs are held on March 6th, June
'27th, Sept. 30th, and Dec. 13th. The parish is a rec-
tory and vicarage, in the diocese of Killaloe, and in the
patronage of the Bishop : the tithe rent-charge is
£312. 4. 6. In the Roman Catholic divisions the parish
is the head of a district, comprising the parishes of
Youghal-Arra and Burgess or Burgesbeg, in each of
which is a chapel ; that of Youghal-Arra is a remark-
bly neat building of modern erection in the Gothic
style, pleasantly situated on an eminence. On the lands
of Monroe are the remains of a square tower, much
dilapidated. Here are also the ruins of an oratory,
supposed to have been a place of worship of the O'Brien
family ; and on a part of the wall of the old church is
the figure of a head, with the inscription " St. Coonna,
434." A well near it is called St. Coulan's.
END OF YOL. II.
GILBERT & RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHNS SQUARE, LONDON.
INDEX
PLACES DESCRIBED IX THE WORK ;
NOT INCLUDING THE TARISIIES AND OTHER PLACES FOR WHICH THERE ARE SEPARATE ARTICLES.
The last word in each line refers lo the article where the place indexed is noticed.
ABBEVILLE, seat, Kinsealy.
Abbey, river, Kilbarron.
Abbey Brauey, Clongeen.
Abbey Down, Johustoivn.
Abbey House, Tipperary.
Abbey Point, Saltee.
Abbey River, Limerick city.
Adbeysiirule, barony, Longford.
Abbey View, Kilmallock.
Abbotstown, seat, Castleknock.
Abhain-Naille, river, Leitrini.
Acliad-finglass, Agha.
Achadfobhair, .\ughagower.
Aclare, Drumconra.
Acre-river, Ardclinis.
Acres mountain, Ballinvohir.
A(ldiri;i.ole, lauds, Omagh.
Adelphi, residence, Kilneboy.
.^eluyn, lougli, Roscommon co.
Aghaliisky, Kilmalooda.
Agliamarta, Castle of ; Temple-
bready.
Agliamore Abbey, Kilcroliane.
Aghentinc Castle, ruin, Five-
Aghe
Agl.l
A^l;i
A- :
castle
li^k.■el.
, Ki 1
Oranmore.
A^liM- I'.'i'ir. i^,ilw:iy co.
Agivfv water, Aghadowy.
Aglish, Mahonagh.
Aglislivenan, Ballymacart.
Agnew Hill, Kilwaughter.
Ahadoe House, KiUeagh.
Ahanic, Tullamore.
Ahenny, ruins.N'ewtown-Lennan .
Aher, lougb, Tory.
Aheilow, glen, Galbally.
Aherlow, river, Killaldriff.
Aherlow Castle, Banslia.
Ahem House, Aghem.
Ahoev, lough, Torv.
Ailbe's, St., well, Emly.
Aile, limgh, Mavo.
Aile, river, Mavo.
Aile.ich Castle," Muff.
Aird Snout, Billy.
Airfield, seat, Castleknock.
Akei-as, priorv, Templeboy.
Albani, Mnuii't ; Castletown.
All Hallows College, Clonturk.
Vol. IL— 685
Alia, Cork co.
Alia, lands ; Cumber, L'pper.
Allanstown, mansion, Martry.
Alle.v, Bog of ; Kild.irc.
Allen, Hill and Leap of ; Kildare.
Allen, Lough ; Kilronan.
Allitrim, stream, Burrisnefamey.
Allua, river, Kanturk.
Altadawin, Errigal-Trough.
Altamira, seat, Liscarrol.
Alta villa, residence, Lismakeery.
Altavilla, seat, Cahir.
Alternan, Easkey.
Altidore, Newtown-Mount-Kcn-
nedy.
Altmore Mountains, Pomeroy.
Altnaveagli, mountain, NewTy.
Anacarthy, Donohill.
Anaghroe, Glasslough.
Anakissey, seat, Clenore.
Anbally Castle, Kilmoylan.
Andruim, Antrim co.
Angliharo, Galway co.
Annachmore, seat, Kilvamet.
Annacotty, Castle-Connell.
Annagh, Glendermot.
Annagh, he.idland of ; Kilraore-
Erris.
Annagh, Iiniishannon.
Annagh, island, Kilbelfad.
Annagh, lough. King's County.
Aniiagurra, Ballingarry.
Annah, castle, Kilbarron.
Annahone, Donnybrook.
Annalong, creek, Kilkeel.
Aimaly, Longford county.
Annamoc, river, Glendalough.
Annasilla, Rathcooney.
Annefield, demesne, Yagoe.
Anner, river, Kiltev-nan.
Anne's, St , house ; John's, St.
Annestomi, Dungoumey.
Annsbrook, Duleek.
Annsgrove, Cistletown-Roche.
Antrim, Lower, barony, Antrim
CO.
Antrim, Upper, barony, Antrim
CO.
Anville, Mount ; Booterstown.
Anacarthy, river, Toom.
Ai-aglyn, river, Macrony.
Arbutus Island, KUlarney.
Arch Hall, seat, Clongill.
.\rd Castle, Moyrus.
Ardagu, barony, Longford.
Ardagh, ford, Boyle.
Ardagli, mountain, Clonmany.
Ardagh, village, Rathronan.
Ardagh Castle, Tullagh.
Ardandra, castle, Ahara.
Ardbear, harbour, Galway co.
Ardcandrisk, House of ; Ardcan-
dridge.
Arddameilivan Castle, Beagh.
Ardea, ruins, Tuosist.
Ardee, barony, Louth.
Ardekellen, lake, Killuken.
Ardes, barony, Down.
Ardfry, seat, Renville.
Ardgillau Castle, Balrotherj'.
Ardgonnell, castle, Middlctown.
Ardgroom Harbour, Tuosist.
Ardilea, house, Loughin-Island.
Ardintenant, castle. Skull.
Ardkilmore, mountain, Denn.
Ardmore, Glendermot.
Arduacraney, Nogheval.
Ardnaglass, Skreen.
Ardo, mansion, Ardmore.
Ardoj-ne factory, Belfast.
Ardpatrick, Donoghenry.
Ardpatrick, Louth town.
Ardrigoole, Kilcaskin.
Ardrum, Inniscarra.
Ards, seat, Clondehorky.
Ardsallas, stream, Clare co.
Ardscull, Moat of ; Athy.
Ardsrath, Aidstraw-Bridge.
Ardtole, Ardglass.
Ardtully, castle, Kilgarvan.
Ardwest, b,-iy, Moyrus.
Argala, rivujet, Listerling.
Argial, Louth co.
Arigideen, river, Rathclarin.
Arig.na, works, Roscommon co.
Arklow, barony, Wicklow co.
Arleston, manor, Omagh,
Arley, seat, SIoont-Nugent.
Akmagh, barony, Armagh co.
Armour's Hole, Newbawn.
Arodstown, castle, Kilmore.
Arra.n, barony, Galway co.
Arranview, house, Killeilagh.
Arrow, lough, Kilmactrany.
Arthurstown, Tallanstown.
Articlave, Dunboe.
Artoags, river, Skeny.
Ash Island, Teniplecarue.
Ashesky, lough, Arraninorc Is-
land.
.\shfield, Banbridge.
Ashfield, Rathfamham.
Ashfield, scat, Castleknock.
Ashley Park, Cloghprior.
Asigh, castle, Asscy.
Assylin, Boyle.
Athadc, monaster)', Carlow co.
Athcamc Castle, Duleek.
Athdalaragb, ford, Boyle.
Athenry, barony, Galway co.
Athgarvan.ford ; Connell, Great.
Athgoe Park, Newcastle.
Athlone, barony, Roscommon.
Audeleys, castle, Strangford.
Audley's Cove, Skull.
Aughacashel, seat, Kiltubrid.
Augher Castle, Clogher.
Aughfarrell, castle, Tallaght.
Aughinanagh, Tullamore.
.Vughnacloghmullan, Camlough.
Aughnagurgan, lough, Armagh-
Breague.
Aughnish Point, Oughtmanna.
Aughris, Templeboy.
Aura, mountain, Loughguile.
Auvane, river, Kihnacoinogue.
Avannachora, river, Midleton.
Avcan, lough, Aughamullen.
Avonbeg, Rathdrum.
Avoumore, Rathdrum.
Avondale, seat, Rathdrum.
Avullin, lough, Clare Island.
Awbeg, river, Doneraile.
Awenbfg, vale, Carrigrohanbcg.
Awenbuoy, Templebready.
Awencharry, Donegal co.
Awenchillew, Donegal co.
Awencranagh, Donegal co.
Awenduffe, stream, Uwenduffe.
Awen-o-varra, river, Kiltcnnel.
Ayes, lough, Tory.
Baffin, lough, Galway co.
Bagenbon Bay, Fethard.
Baggot-rath Castle, Ball's Bridge.
Baggots-town Castle, Aney.
Bahoss, scat, Cahir.
Bahy Castle, Taunagh.
Bailenambratharbeg, monastery,
Rochestown.
Bailey, Howth
Bailick, (juav?, .Midleton.
4t
INDEX.
BaldwinstowT), Kilcowan.
Balegalle, lands, Ballvgawley.
Balheary House, Su'ords.
Balief Castle, Clomanto.
Balintagart, Garfinagh.
Ballaas, castle, Tory.
Ballagh, castle, Rathdowney.
Ballagh, lough, Raharrow.
BiLLAGHKEES, baTony, Wexford
CO.
Ballaghmore Castle, Burros.
Ball.tnveigga, Ballyane.
Balleen Castle, Freshford.
Balleiglian, friary, Raymochy.
Ballendinus, Ightermurragh.
Ballenemony, lands, Lurgan.
Ballentaggart, Portadown.
Ballestillenury, Tullamore.
Balliahill, seat, Cloncagh.
Ballickmoyler, Killeban.
Ballier, manufactory, Keady.
Ballievey, Banbridge.
Ballina Park, Rathnew.
Ballinabanaba, Fohenah.
Ballixacor, North, barony of,
SVicklow CO.
Ballinacor, South, barony of,
-Wicklovv CO.
Ballinacourty, Clonbeg.
Ballinacourty, Dungarvan.
Ballinacourty, inlet of, Claran-
Bridge.
BallinacuiTig, Templebodane.
Ballinafad, Drum.
Ballinagail, mansion of, Ports-
Ballinag.ird, Templemore.
Ballinahinch, castle, Knocklong.
Ballinakill Castle, Clonaslee.
Ballinamona, Mourne.
Ballinamultina, Clashmore.
Ballinamore, Killedan.
Ballinamore, village, Kiliian.
Ballinaroher, Templequinlan.
Ballinaskelligs, Prior.
Ballinasmale, abbey, Kilcoleman.
Ballinatone, Rathium.
Ballinatray, Templemichael.
Ballincar, Dramcullin.
Ballincarrig Castle, Balhinoney.
Ballinderry Castle, Kilmacrean.
Ballindoon, hamlet, Arran.
Ballingarry, castle, Ballyheigue.
Ballingarvey, Kii-kinriola.
Ballinglena, church, Kilcummin.
Ballinglenn, seat, Preban.
Ballinguile, castle, Kilbroney.
Ballinley, Dromard.
Ballinlough Castle, Killua.
Ballinnina, Taghmaconnell.
Balliurode, Dungarvan.
Ballinruddary, Finuge.
Ballintemple, Errigal.
Balliiitemple, Pubbledrum.
Ballintlea, house, Kilfentinan.
Ballintobber, North, barony of,
Roscommon.
Ballintobber, Soith, barony of,
Rnscimmion.
Ballintowlas, Ballyoughtera,
Ballintra, Dunluce.
Ballintra, fort, Kilbride.
Ballintubbcr, Kilcumreagh.
Ballinvillin, seat, Brigown.
Ballinvli-ick, seat, Nantinan.
Ballinward, castle, Kilmeen.
Ballisnaliincy, Kilmainmore.
Ballivonev, .Stradballv.
Balloo, fnrt, Killinchy.
Ballow House, Bangor.
Ballug Castle, Carlingford.
Balltadams, barony. Queen's co.
Ballyaline, Killeilagh.
Ballyallinan Castle, Rathkeale.
Ballyalton, Bailee.
Ballyandrein, Churchtown.
Ballyannan, Midleton.
Ballyamet, lake, Templemore.
Baliyartella, castle, Monsea.
Ballvarthur, demesne of,Castle-
Ballyatwood ; Andrew's, St.
Ballybeg, Dingle.
Ballybeggan, castle, Ratass.
Ballybogan, Finglas.
Ballyboggy, Dunaghy.
Ballybot, Newry.
Ballyboy, Tullaghorton.
Ballybot, barony. King's co.
Ballybrack, Kilgobbin.
Ballybrado, seat, Cahir.
Ballybricken, Cahirelly.
Balltbkiit, barony. King's co.
Ballybritt, fort, Seirkyran.
Ballybrittan, Coleraine.
Ballybritton, Ballymacwilliam.
Ballybroider, Rahue.
Ballycahill, castle, Kilmore.
Ballycanvan, seat, Faithlegg.
Ballycapple, woods, Modreeny.
Bally-CarbeiTy, castle, Cahir.
Ballycarn, rums, Killowen.
Ballycaroge, castle of, Kilros-
santy.
Ballycarron, seat, Athassel.
Ballycarthy, Ballyseedy.
Ballycashlain, Ballycastle.
Bally Castle, Aghanloo.
Ballychrystal, Templeshanbo.
Ballyclose, Newtown-Limavady.
Ballyclough, Glanworth.
Ballyclough, castle, Kilmoleran.
Ballycogley, castle, Maglass.
BallycoUaton, castle, Kilbarron.
Ballycommen, seat, Kilmore.
Ballyconra, Aharney.
Ballyeorig Castle, remains of ;
Clondagad.
Ballycotton, Churchtown.
Ballycowen, barony. King's co.
Ballycrenan, Kilcredan.
Ballycrispin, estate, Kiltalla.
Ballycross, Kilmore.
Ballyeulhane, Kildimo.
Ballycullen, Kilfinaghty.
Ballycurrin, demesne, Shrule.
Ballycurry, demesne, Killeskey.
Ballydavid, headland, Kilquane.
Ballydavid, wood, Bansha.
Ballydevlin, Kilmoe.
Ballydian, Ballibay.
Ballydivitt, Coleraine.
Ballydonnelly Fort, Duneane.
Ballydoogan, castle, Kilmeen.
Ballydough, castle, Kiltormer.
Ballydown, Banbridge.
Ballydrain, Drumbeg.
Ballydufi", Monanimy.
Ballyduff, village, Carnmoney.
B.ollydugan, Downpatrick.
Ballyeagh, Benmore.
Bally-Edmond, glen, Lisgoold.
Ballyegan, seat, Parsonstown.
Ballyellis, Carnew.
Bally Ellis, Mallow.
Ballyely, seat, Garvaghy.
Ballyfermoyle, Ardcame.
Ballyfiuboy, stream, Finnoe.
Ballyfinboy Castle, Finnoe.
Ballyfinchogue, Rathdrum.
Ballyfi.nx HotSE, Mountrath.
Ballygahan, Castleraacadam.
Ballygally Castle, Carncastle.
Ballygannor, castle, Noughaval.
Ballygawley House, EiTigal-Ke-
Ballygorey, Carlow co.
Ballygourney, Churchtown.
Ballygraddy, Kilbrin.
Ballygrenane, Owregare.
Ballygriffin, estate, Monanimy.
Ballygriffy, castle, Dysert.
Ballyguin, Cloghane.
Ballyhallon, stream, Clonmany.
Ballyhargan, quarry, Bovevagh.
Ballyhassil, Ballymacwilliam.
Ballyhealy Castle, Castletown-
Delvin.
Ballyhenry, seat, Killeskey.
Ballyhickey, mine, Quin.
Ballyhigliland, Rossdroit.
Ballyhindon, house, Kilcrumper.
Ballyhire, seat, Kilrane.
Ballyhoe, Drumconra.
Ballyhorgan, Finuge.
Ballyhorsey, Kilcoole.
Ballyhough, heights, Kilquane.
Ballyikeen, Donquin.
Ballyinn, seat, Lismore.
Ballykaly, castle, Killeen.
Ballykaue, seat, Redcross.
Ballykealy Castle, Kilmoily.
Ballykearogue, castle, Kilmokea.
Ballykeefe Hill, Tullohanbroge.
Ballykilbeg, Downpatrick.
Ballykilcavan, Stradbally.
Ballykillinfort, Castropetre.
Ballykinnelly, Kilmacdonough.
Ballykisteen, Solloghodmore.
Ballylahan Castle, Templemore.
Ballylahen, castle, Mayo.
Ballylarkiu, Inch.
Ballylaughan Castle, Sligo town.
Ballylaughan Castle, Carlow co.
Ballyleagh, lands, Lanesborough.
Ballylee Castle, Kiltartan.
Ballyleidy, seat, Bangor.
Ballvlen, Wherry.
Ballylinch, Tullagh.
Ballylopin, heights, Kilquane.
Ballylough, castle, Ballydeloughy.
Ballylusk, Derrykeighan.
Bally-Mac-Adara, Ballincuslane.
BalljTnacadane, Inniskenny.
Bally-Mac-Andon, Thomastown.
Ballymacash, Derryaghy.
Ballymacaw, Rathmoylan.
Ballymacdonnell, Inver.
Ballymackmoy, House of ; Keala-
vollen.
Ballj-mackney, Killaney.
Balh-macoda Castle, Kilmacdo-
no'ugh.
Balh-macow, Tallow.
Ballymacswiney, monastery of ;
Clondehorky.
Ballymagor, village, Killag.
Ballymagrorty, Templemore.
Ballymakane, house of, Tacum-
shaue.
Ballymakeogh, Kilvolane.
Ballymalis, castle, Kilbouane.
Ballymaloe, Cloyne.
Ballymargy, Belfast.
Ballymarkahan, ruins, Quin.
Ballymartin, cave, Lismore.
Ballymartyr, Castlemai-tyr.
Ballymoe, barony, Galway.
Ballymoe, barony, Roscommon.
Ballymoon, Dunleckney.
Ballj-more, mansion, Kilbride.
Ballymore Castle, Laurencetown.
Ballymore hill, Carnew.
Ballymullen, Ratass.
Ballymulvey, Shruel.
BalljTuurphy, castle, Noughaval.
Ballymiu'tagh, copper-mines of ;
Castlemacadam.
Ballynabama, Rower.
Balh-naboola, castle, Kilfane.
Ballj-naclash Castle, Ballylaneen.
BalljTiafad, Cioufinlogh.
Ballynahatna, Dundalk.
Ballj-nahince, rums, Kilnoe.
Ballynahiuch, Moyrus.
Ballynahi.nch, barony, Galway
county.
Ballynahinch, Lough ; Galway co.
Ballynakill, Dunleckney.
BallynakiU, Kilcommon.
Ballynakill, chm'ch, Killashee.
Ballynakill Castle, Rathnaveoge.
Ballynakill House, Kilfenny.
Ballj-nalacken, castle, Killeilagh.
Balh-namintan, Charlestowu.
Ballynamona, Templeroan.
Ballynamult, Seskinan.
BalK-nary, Buncrana.
Ballynastragh, seat, Kilkevan.
Ballj-neanig, hill, Marhyn.
Ballyneerega, hamlet, Arran.
Ballyneety, castle, OoUa.
Ballj-neguai-d, seat, Fedamore.
Ballyneil House, Woods-Chapel.
Ballj-nesaggard, Ardagh.
Ballyness, Londonderry co.
Ballynglen, castle, Kilfyan.
Ballynochen, Wells.
Ballynocken, Ettagh.
Ballynock, BalljTashane.
Ballynock, castle, Kilcommick.
Ballynoe, Killury.
Ballj-noe Castle,'Clonelty.
Ballyntaylor, Wliitechurch.
Ballyoran, manor, Portadown.
Ballyphilip, Ballingarry.
Ballyportree, castle, Kilneboy.
Ballyquin, Killokennedy.
Ballyquin, seat, Ardmore.
Ballyquintin Point, Witter.
Ballyquirk Castle, Lorha.
Ballyrahine House, MullinacufT.
BalljTan Castle, Killinick.
BalljTane, mansion, Arklow.
Ballyrankin House, Kilrush.
Ballyre, Dingindonovan.
Bally- Reilly Castle, Cavan city.
Bally-Robert's Castle, tower of,
Castle-Lyons.
Ballyrogan, seat, Redcross.
Ballyronan, Ballinderry.
BalljToney, lake of, Drumbally-
roney.
Ballysaggartmore, seat, Lismore.
Ballysally, fort, Coleraine.
Ballyscanlan, Island-Icane.
Ballysheedy Castle, Donohill.
Ballysheen, church, Kilfinaghty.
Ballyshinee, Tynagh.
Ballyshondebuie, Kilquane.
Ballysloe, Buolick.
Ballvspellan spa, Fartagh.
Ballytarsney Castle, Ballyshee-
han.
Ballyteigue, Kilmore.
Ballytramont, Ardcavau.
Ballytrent, seat, Kilrane.
Ballytrustin, Ballyphilip.
Ballyvaiden Castle, Mogorbane.
Ballyvalley, seat, Killaloe.
Ballyvannon House, Tomgraney.
Ballyvarten, Ballyrashane.
Ballyvirane, lands, Macroom.
Ballyvohan Castle, Rathronan.
INDEX.
Ballyvolan, glen, Killcskey.
Ballyvoureun, RDsacarbery.
Uallyvuillinj;, Katliaspeck.
Uallywilliain, cave, Macosquin.
Ualrath, seat, Uun-y.
Balrichen Castle, Castletown.
Balbotuery, East, barony of,
Dublin CO.
Baluothery, West, barony of,
Dnbliii CO.
Baltard, KUIard.
Unlira;;li Water, Lontlonderry CO.
r,:,!il,i ,-ii:i, in:i,-, Miillingar.
]i:ii: : ' . .1 ' .^^carbery.
li: I- M. i^ , KiU'eighney.
Banmnrc, Kilialiathan.
Bans, r'wvv, Antrim co. ; also
Annagh cci., Down, and Lou-
doudeiTV CO.
Bann, river, Wexford co.
Ban.naoh, barony, Donegal.
Banroe, castle, Noughaval.
Bantuy, barony, Cork co.
liAXTRY, barony, Wexford co.
Bantry Bay, Kilmacomogue.
Bantry Lodge, Kilmacomogue.
Barbavilla, Collinstown.
Bardyville, Dunliice.
Barefield, lake, Kilraghtis.
Baroy, barony, Wexford co.
Bargy Castle, Tomhaggard.
Barley Cove, Kilmoe.
Barleyraount, Aglish.
Barmeath, Dysai-t.
Bam, seat, Newchapel.
Bania, Rahoon.
Barna, castle, Killereran.
Bama, castle, Shandrum.
Barna, demisne, KUvolane.
Barna Cliaugh, pass, Kilcloony.
Barnach, Kilmore-Erris.
Bamacor, castle, Shruel.
Bamagce, mountains, Mayo.
Bamakile, castle, Kilrossaiity.
Barnes Gap ; BaJony, Lower.
Bamesninv, I- Ijlf-. -tr ,ii,,rlar.
Barnock'- l .' : l-:;iiids.
Barntick. - . ' '.'■■'• y-
Bamtowii I ,i-i|. . I i.rnjj.
Baronscoirt, New t"wn-Stcwart.
Baronstown, seat, Kilbixy.
Barm, Donegal co.
Barra creek, Ardfert.
BaiTacks, fortress, Altedesert.
Barradaaltdeag, hills, Leitrim.
BaiTaglicore,seat,Grange-Silvae.
BaiTels, The, rocks, Courtmac-
shcrry.
Barrett's, barony, Cork co.
Barretts-town, Tipperkevin.
Barmonarane, Moyros.
Barrow, river, Carlow co. ; also
Kildare co., Kilkemiy CO., and
Queen's co.
Barrowmount, Grange-Silvae.
Barbymore, barony, Cork co.
Barry's Cmirt, Carrigtohill.
Barry's Hall, Timoleague.
Barry's Point, Nohoval.
Barrystomi, Carrick.
Bartrach, isle, Killala.
Battei-ford Bridge, Caledon.
Battlebridge, Tumna.
Battlemount, Kilrush.
Bawn House, Strokestown.
Bawn. lough : Mary'sde Fore, St.
Bawnachumtha, Kilpeacon.
Bawnaknuckane, Skull.
Bawnanoraii, Galway co.
Bawnmorc, stream, ClonJrohid.
Bawnmore, Killoe.
Bawn-Rce, Cloyelagh.
Hay, lough, Clogheen.
Bannount House, Clontarf.
Ileal, Gap of; Cavan.
Bealad, fort, Castleventry.
Bealbally monntains, Cavan.
Henle, castle, Kilconly.
B.alfoyI, Ballyfoil.
liKAH, barony, Cork co.
Beardstown, ruins, Mullingar.
Beardville, Ballywillin.
Bearcforest, seat, Mallow.
Bearhaven, Castletown.
Bcauchamp, seat of ; Connaught,
Old.
Beaufort House, Knockane.
Beaumont, seat, Blackrock.
Beaupark, Painstown.
Beeehwood, Ardcroney.
Heg, Lough ; Antrim co,
Boggarmaii's Hole, Gort.
Bell Castle, Iverus.
Behamore, castle, Modrccny.
Bel Lake, Kilmacomb.
Bclass, Foxford.
Belcamp House, Santry.
Belclare, castle, Kilmacteigue.
Belfast, Lower, barony of, An-
trim CO.
Belfast, Upper, barony of, An-
trim CO.
Belgardc Castle, Tallaght.
Belgooley, Kilmonogue.
Bellaghy, estate, Ballyscullion.
Bellahoo, Magheracloony.
Bellair, seat, Lemanaghan.
Bellamont Forest, Cootehill.
Bellarena, Tamlaghtard.
Belleek Abbey, Kilmoremoy.
Belle-Isle, seat, Lorha.
Belleisle, Fermanagh co.
Belleville Park, Affane.
Bellevue, Ballyheogue.
Bellevue, Croom.
Bellevuei Rathpatrick.
Bellevue, seat, Laurencetown.
Bell Grove, Finnoe.
Belline, seat, Fiddown.
Bcllinter, seat, Assey.
Bellmont, house, Tully.
Bellmont, seat, Forkhill.
Bell Park, Finnoe.
Bellview, seat, Delgany.
Bellview, seat, Enniskillen.
Belville, seat, Castleknock.
Belmont, Ballyclog.
Belmont, Tessauran.
Belmont, seat, Carrig.
Belmont House, Kilcullihecn.
Belmore, mountain, Bohoe.
Belmore Lodge, seat ; Jerpoint,
Church.
Belpatrick, CoUon.
Belrobin Castle, Baronstown.
Beltra, lake. Mayo.
Beltrim, Gortin.
Belvedere, seat, Moylisker.
Belvelly Castle, Great Island.
Belvidere House, Clonturk.
Belvoir Park, Knockbreda.
Benabola, mountain, Galway CO.
Benbo, mountain, Lurganboy.
Benboun, mountain, MojTus.
Benbradagh, Dungiven.
Benbulben, hill, Sligo co.
Benduff, mountain, Boumey.
Bcngore, Dunscverick.
Bengorm, Burrishoole.
Beuisou Lodge, Feighan of Fore.
4
Benmore, mountain, Woodford.
Ben of Fore, Feighan of Fore.
Benowdran, Cork city.
Benycvenagli, Tamlaghtard.
Berkeley, seat, Ballyanc.
Bcmagh, Killyman.
Berrcencurragli, moimtain of,
Mayo.
Bert House, Kilberry.
Besborough, Ballymackey.
Besuorougii, scat, Fiddown.
Bessbrook, Camlough.
Bessy Bell, mountain, Ardstraw.
Bethlem, nunnery of, Kilkenny-
West.
Betkelly, castle, Ogonnilloe.
Bculascrona, Clare Island.
Bewley, cavern, Kilmolash.
Bilberry, Waterford city.
Bilboa, l)oon.
Billcscs, Killencare.
Binnian, Donegal CO.
Binwec, mountain, Kilcommon.
Binwee Head, Kilcommon.
Biorra, abbey, Parsonstown.
Birchen, river, Glenbegh.
Birehfield, Kilkenny.
Birchfield, scat, Kilmacrehy.
Birch Grove, Corbally.
Bird Rocks, Sligo town.
Birdstown, scat, Fahan.
Birmingham, Tuam.
Bishop's Court, Armagh city.
Bishopscourt, seat. Kill.
Bishop's Quarter, Dromcrehy.
Bishop's Rock, Killeskey.
Birtcrbuy, bay, Moyrus.
Black Abbey, Adare.
Black Abbey ; Andrew's, St.
Blackball Head, Youghal.
Blackbank, Newtown-Hamilton.
Black Battery, Limerick city.
Black Castle, Aney.
Black Castle, Cahirelly.
Black Castle, Donaghmore.
Black Castle, Lcighlin-Bridge.
Black Castle, Skull.
Black Castle, Wicklow town.
Black Cave, Lame.
Black-Cave-head, Antrim co.
Blackford, Corclone.
Black Hall, Termonfechan.
Blackball Head, Kilnamannagh.
Black mountain, Ballingarry.
Black m.iumaii), Belfast.
Bhi.- I,'., v. I. :l,.,:,v CO.
r,:.,. 1; , . K ,:-.nagh.
I'.l:,, I . , " -lU-haven.
];i .. -. , k iiinrc-Erris.
l>,l:i. • - . Miii.Cariowco
lili J' , Knockane.
111:..' .■ . I ■ ' -mrthy.
Ular . T. 1, - I as, Tinahely.
Blaekwatrr, (Jort.
Blackwater, river, Armagh co.
Blaekwater, river, Cavan co.
Blackwater, river, Clare co.
Blackwater, river, Cork co.
Blackwater, river, Mayo.
Blane, castle, Toomavara.
Bleeding Stone, Donoughraore.
Blindwell, demesne, Kilconly.
Bloody-Fields, Ranelagh.
Bloody- Foreland,Tullaghobigley
Bloonifield ; John's, St.
Blosom's Gate, Kilmallock.
Blue Stack, Donegal co.
Bluestone, Seagoe.
Boahinsky, Innismurray.
Boase-Baal, mount, Ardstraw.
Bodarig, lough, Kilmore.
T2
Budikc, Kilnoe.
BoFFis, lough, AnnadufT.
Boggestown, Teniplctrine.
Boghead, Antrim city.
BouRA mounuiins, Cork co.
Bohedon, glen, .Mayo.
Boliomananee<le, Cahcr Island.
Bolhende8art,aI.li(v,Kilmoleran.
Bollane Castle, Kildimo.
Boltown, seal, Kilskyre.
Bolus Head, Prior.
Bon, lake, Longford CO.
Bona Margy, Ballycastle.
Bond's Glen, Londonderry co.
Bondvillc, forest, Tynan.
Bunistoe Castle, Ba'llingarry.
Bonncconlan, Kilgarvey,
Bonner's Bridge, Downing*.
Bonnow, lake, Longford co.
Bonny Fort, Descrtoghill.
Boom Hall, Ttmplcmore.
Boonid, river, L'itrim.
Boro, river, Killc;;iny.
Borodale ; Johns, St.
BoiTanstown, Ballymadun.
Borris, district, Maryborough.
Bottle Hill, Ballymagooley.
Bottom, fortress, Kirkinriola.
Boulavoguc, Kilcormuck.
Boulintlea, Ballingarrj-.
Boura, lough. King's County.
Bourthriggoum, Kilgarrilander.
Bovlagu, barony, Donegal.
Boyle, barony, Roscommon.
BoYXE, river, Kildare ; also Meatli
county.
Boyne, Battle of the ; Drogheda.
Boj-nc-Hill, srat, Navan.
Boyne Obelisk, Tullyallen.
Brabazon Park, Kilconduff.
Brackenstown, Swords.
Bracklievc, Roscommon co.
Brackloon, Clonfert.
Bracklyn Castle, Kilweilagh.
Brade, lands, Omagh.
Brade, seat, Mvross.
Bradilan, isle, Ball.Miakill.
Braganza House, Carlow city.
Bragil, castle, Killossory.
Braid, river, Ahoghill.
Brandon, Graig.
Brandon's, St., hill, Cloghane.
Beawsey, barony, Westmeath.
Bray, Lough ; Powerscourt.
Breagh, river, Kilkenny city.
Breast, isle ; Margaret, St.
Breda, Knockbreda.
Breedogue, river, Kilnamanagh.
Breeogue, river, Roscommon co.
Bheff.vy, sec, Kilmi re.
Breffny, territory, Leitrim.
BremoVe Castle,' Balrothery.
Brenanstown House, Tully.
Brendan's, St., seat, Killian.
Brethnockstown, Yagoe.
Brick, river, Kerrj-.
Brickeen, Killamey.
Brickland, lough of, Loughbrick-
land.
Brickv, Waterford co.
Bride" river, Tallow.
Bridgetown, Skibbercen.
Bridgetown, L'mey.
Bridgetown, castle, Mulrankin.
Bridget's, St., Abbey, Clara.
Brieze Castle, Ballagh.
Brisselsiown, Wicklow co.
Britfieldstown, Ballrfoil.
Brittas Castle, Thuries.
Brittas, river, Tallaght.
Brittas, demesne, Clonaslee.
INDEX.
Brittas, river, Dublin co.
Brittas, villa, Nobber.
Broadhaven, Kilcommon.
Broad Lays, Ballybought.
Broad Strand, Lislee.
Brockagh, Glendalough.
Brockley Park, Stradbally.
BroghiU Castle, FranUford.
Brookborough, Aughavea.
Brookdale, Dungourney,
Brookfield, Banbridge.
Brook Hall, Templemore.
Brook-Hill, Magheragall.
Brook- Hill, seat, Rossinver.
Brook- View Lodge, Enniskillen.
Broomfield, seat, Killeskey.
Brosna, river, King's co.
Brosna, Lesser, river, King's co.
Brough, Termoneeny.
Brow Head, Kilmoe.
Brown Hall, Ballintra.
Brown Island, Killarney.
Browne Hall, Mayo parish.
Browne's Hill, Carlow.
Brown's Bay, Island-Magee.
Brownsford, Inistioge.
Brownstown Head, Ratlimoylan.
Bruce Hill, Killesandra.
Bi-uce's Castle, Rathlin.
Bruree, isle, Longford co.
Brusselstown, Donoughmore.
Bryen Carrogh'sCouutry,Antrim
Bry Head, Valencia.
Buckroney House, Enorely.
Bui Naha, Mayo.
Bulgadine Hall, Owregai-e.
Buncraggy, seat, Clare-Abbey.
Bunduff, river, Ahamplish.
Buneagh, lough, Kilkeedy.
BungaiT, Sligo town.
Bunnanimma, Aughnamullen.
Bunowen bay, Ballindoon.
Bunown, castle, Killanin.
Bu.NRATTV, Lower, barony, Clare.
Bu.NRATTV, Upper, barony, Clare.
Bur, island, Andrew's, St.
Burlord, Kells.
Burgh's Bridge, Downings.
Burke, Lough ; Kilmaly.
Bumcourt, ruins, Shanrahan.
Bumdale, river, Donegal co.
Bumfoot, Templemore.
Bumham House, Dingle.
BuRREX, barony, Clare co.
Burren, river, Carlow co.
Burrial, island, Andrew's, St.
Burrin, Aghabollogue.
Burrin, rock, Lanibay.
BcRRisHooLE, barony. Mayo.
Burton Hall, Urglin.
Burton House, Churchtown.
Bush, river, Antrim co.
Busherstown, seat, Moneygall.
Bushy Island, Inniscaltlira.
Busliy Park, Powerscourt.
Bushy Park, Uoundtown.
Butlersgift, Dromdaleague.
Butlerstown, Ishartmon.
Butlerstown Castle, Kilronan.
Buttermilk Castle ,- .James's, St
Butter Pladdy, BallyphUip.
Cabra, Castleknock.
Cabra Casti.e, Kingscourt.
Cabragh, abbey, DonaglimoTOe.
Cadeen, hill, Kilranelagh.
Cadogan, Templebodanc.
688
Calierdriny, Glanworth.
Cahir, castle, Kenmare.
Cahir, demesne, Glenogra.
Cahir, mountain, Kilmoe.
Cahir-Canaway, Glenbegh.
Cahirconree, camp, Kerry.
CahircuUane, KUdrum.
Cahirdaniel, fort, Kilerohane.
Cahirglissane, Kinvarra.
Cahir Irlane, castle, Killeeney.
Cahirmore, seat, Midleton.
CahiiTOoyle, seat, Rathronan.
Cahirnane, seat, Killarney.
Cahir Trant, Ventry.
Cahore Point, Donaghmore.
Cailleavinde, Drumcliffe.
Cairn Castle, Glenarm.
Caimanmhanaghan,Armaghcity.
Caim-an-Tniagh, Ramoan.
Cairn Graiue, Templepatriek.
Cau-nmore, hill, Monagban.
Caimtogher, Cappagh.
Caislean-na Stucah, Clonmany.
Calla, lake, Killasser.
Calla, lands, Kilconnell.
Callahill Castle, Fermanagh co.
Callan, Kilgarvan.
Callan, barony, Kilkenny co.
Callan, river, Armagh co.
Callan, Mount; Kilfarboy.
Callanafercy, Castlemayne.
Callender's Fort, Belfast.
Calt, lough, Sligo CO.
Calverstown, Clonfad.
Camagli, Kilronan.
Cambos, Macosquin.
Camden Fort, Cove.
Cameduff, valley, Killarney.
Camla-Vale, seat, Mouaghan.
Camlin, river, Antrim co.
Camlin, river, Longford co.
Camm, lake, Clones.
Camnias, Cashel.
Caraniowen, Edenderry.
Camp, castle, Kilgobbin.
Camp Hill, Castletown-Roche.
Camus, monastery, Macosquin.
Cangort, castle, Shinrone.
Canon-Brook, house, Lucan.
Capanabool, Kilmacomogue.
Capard, seat, Rosenallis.
Capella de Crookmuck, Belfast.
Capella de Kilpatrick, Belfast.
Capel Moule, rums of ; Moville,
Lower.
Cappa, castle, Kilfinaghty.
Cappa, mansion, Loughill.
Cappach Hill, Skull.
Caiipagh, castle, Killaldriff.
Cappagh, village, Rathdrum.
Cappagli, seat, Whitechurch.
Cappauacoss, Templenoe.
Cara, lake, Glenbegh.
Cara, river, Kerry.
Caragrone rock, Clifden.
Carass, Croom.
Carberv, barony, Kildare.
Carberv, barony, Sligo.
Carbery, East, barony, Cork.
Carberv, West, barony, Cork.
Cardonaghy, Ah.ishill.
Canlurris. rock, Lambay.
Carew's Wood, Ightermurragh.
Carey, Culft-ightrin.
Carey, barony, Antrim co.
Careysville Castle, Clondulane.
Cargan, Dunaghy.
Cargee, rock, Clogher.
Cargee Rocks, Stamullen.
Carliane, river, Holycross.
Carlanstown, Teltown.
Carlanstown, ruins, Lickbla.
Carley's bridge, Enniscorthy.
Carlingford Bay, Louth co.
Carlisle Fort, Corkbeg.
Carmavy, grange, Killead.
Carmen, Hill of ; Narraghmore.
Carn Hill, Castle-Lyons.
Caruamart river, Galway co.
Carnamart, river, Mayo.
Carnealapt-Aura, Ardclinis.
Carnelly, seat, Clare- Abbey.
Carney Castle, Cloghprior.
Carney Pladdy, Ballyphilip.
Carney Point, Ballyphilip.
Carney Point, Slane.
Carnlea, Culfeightrin.
Carnmeen, bleach-green, Newry.
Carnown, river, Tyrone.
Carnsore Point, Carne.
Carntogher, mountain of, Kille-
lagh.
Carntreena, Tullaghobigley.
Carra, barony. Mayo.
CaiTa, lough. Mayo.
Carramore, lake, Bangor.
Carramore, lough, Minola.
Carranstowu, castle, Killogheon-
noghan.
Carran Tual, Knockane.
Carrick, demesne, Collinstown.
Carrick, estate, Seagoe.
Carrick, fort, Lecken.
Carrick, manor, Lisbellaw.
CaiTick-a-Brakey, Clonmany.
Carrickabrick, Clondulane.
Carrickanass Castle, Killala.
Carrickaneady, castle, Newport.
Carrickarede, Ballintoy.
Carrickbane, Muliaghbrack.
Carrick-beg, Carrick-on-Suir.
Carrickbrack, Howth.
Carrick-Brand, Forkhill.
Carrickglass, seat of, Longford
town.
CaiTickliill, Portmarnock.
Can-icklane, Kilcluney.
Carrickleck, Enniskeen.
Carriekmore, Termonmaguirke.
Carricknagatt, Collooney.
Carricknaronty, Inishkeeragh.
Carrig Castle, Ballylaneen.
Carrig Castle, Carlow co.
Carrigacashel, Clonfert.
Carrigacrump, Cloyue.
Carrigacunna, estate, Monanimy.
Camgadagon, Newbawn.
Carrigadrohid, Ahinagh.
Carrig a-foile, Aghavallin.
Carrigahilla, Stradbally.
Carrigallen, barony, Leitrim.
Carriganass, Innishannon.
Carriganass, Kilmacomogue.
Carriganimy, Clondrohid.
Carrig-a-Phouca, Clondrohid.
Carrig-a-Quincy, Kilkeedy.
Carrigarone, rocks, Omey.
CaiTigascoilty, Ballindoon.
Carrigburne Hill, Nenagh.
Carrigduft', Newtown-Barry.
Carrigdulkeen, Kileummin.
Carrigeary, seat, Kilconry.
Carrigemanu, Calary.
Carrigifarlogla, Cahirconlish.
Carrigiliky, Myross.
Carrigkerry, Ardagh.
Carriglong, hill, Drumeannon,
Carrigmagarrett, Crossboyue.
Carrigmahon, Monkstown.
Carrigmanon, Killuriu.
Can-igmoistha, Adamstowii.
Carrignacurra, Inchegeelagh.
Carrignagoule, castle, Kilkeedy.
Carrignamuck, Magourney.
Carrig-na-Spaniahg, Sligo co.
Carrigogunnell, castle, Kilkeedy.
Carrigonan, castle, Kilcoman.
Carrigoon, Rahan.
Carrigoreely, Cahirconlish.
Carrigorin, seat, Kilnasoolagh.
Carrigphadrie Rocks, Killala.
Carrigreen Tower, Croom.
Carrigrenan, seat. Little Island.
Carriquit, Ballymascanlan.
Carroc-Mor, Howth.
Carrowkeel, seat, Leitrim.
Carrowroe, seat, Roscommon.
Carruidhe, Kerry.
Cai-thage, hill, Culdaff.
Carton, demesne, Maj-nooth.
Cartown, Termonfechan.
Cartronboy, cavern, Shruel.
Carty, isle. Skull.
Carysfort House, Blackrock.
Casina, Templemore.
Casino, temple, Clonturk.
Cassino, villa, Rathdrum.
Cashen, residence, Cahir.
Cashen, river, Kerry.
Caslah bay, Galway co.
Castle, hamlet, Arran.
Castle-Archdall, Enniskillen.
Castle-Armstrong, Ballycumber.
Castle-Arundel, Templenoe.
Castle-Bernard, Ballymodan.
Castle-Bernard, Kinnitty.
Castle-Biggs, Terryglass.
Castle-Blunden, Kilkenny.
Castle- Boro, Killegney.
Castleboy, demesne, Killinane.
Castle-Brittas, Cahirconlish.
Castlebuoy ; Andrew's, St.
Castle-Cam, Belfast.
Castle-Carey, Culfeightrin.
Castle-Carey ; Moville, Upper.
Castle-Chichester, Island-Magee.
Castle-Clonlear, Maryborough.
Castle-Cloydubh, Carrigtohill.
Castle-Couagh, Kilronan.
Castle-Conway, Killorglin.
Castle-Cooke, Maerony.
Castle-Cool, Enniskillen.
Castlecoote, Fuerty.
Castle-Cor, Knockane.
Castle-Cor, seat, Kilbrin.
Castle-Crine, Kilfinaghty.
Castle-Cuffe, Kilmanman.
Castle-Dargan, Kilross.
Castle-Dawson, BallysculUon.
Castle-Derowil, BalLagli.
Castle-Dhermod, Kilaconenagh.
Castle-Dillon, Richhill.
Castle-Dobbs, Kilross.
Castle-Doe, Cloudehorky.
Castle-Donovan, Dromdaleague.
Castledrum, Castlemayne.
Castle-Duri\>\v, Durrow.
Castle-Egney, Kilcoleraan.
Castle-Eve, Earlstown.
Castle-Farm, Hospital.
Castle-Ffrench, Castle-Blakeney.
Castle-Field, Kilfeacle.
Castle-Fleming, Rathdowney.
Castle-Fogarty, Ballycahill.
Castle-Forbes, Newtown-Forbes.
Castlefore, village, Fenagh.
Castle-Forward, All Saints.
Castle-Freke, Rathbarry.
Castle-French, Ahascragh.
Castle-Garr, Mallow.
Castle- Gore, Castlederg.
INDEX.
( '.iHtlr-l Iraco, Tullugliortoii.
I M-ilr ilnice, Tullow.
I .i^ih I iiiju-d, Doon.
I aMl, llackftt, Killowcr.
( :i.stlL liill, i-uina, Kilmogauny.
Castlo-UowarJ, Castlcmacailam.
Castlehyde, seat, Litter.
Castle-Incli, Athnowen.
Castle. Ishoii, Knoekteniple.
Castle Island, Kilbriiic.
Castle Island, Straugford.
Castle-Iver, Gallen.
Castlo-Ivere, Athlacca.
Castle-Jolin, Kiltubrid.
Castlekcirau, village, LoghaD.
Castle-Kellv, Athleague.
Castle-Kelly, Kilbelfad.
Castlekclly, Tallaglit.
Castle-Kevin, Annamoe.
Castle-Kevin, Clenore.
Castle-Kirk, Ross.
Castleknock, barony, Dublin co.
Castle-Lac, Templeraartin.
Castle- Lake, Relickmurry.
Castlelccky, Taralaghtai-d.
Castle- Lehane, Castle-Lyons.
Castle- Leslie, Donagh.
Castle- Lougli, seat, Killamey.
Castle Mac- Andrew, ruin, Bally-
nahaglish.
Castle Mac-Grath,Fermanaghco.
Castle Mac-Swine, Dunkanely.
Caatle-Mahon, Bandon.
Castlemahon, Mahonagh.
Castleraaine, Donaglicavey.
Castlemaine bay, Cahir.
Castle-Mai'tin, seat, KilcuUen.
Castle-Mary, Inch.
Castle- Matress, Rathkeale.
Castlc-Mehau, Crookliaven.
Castle-Mervyn, Omagh.
Castle-Moat, Cloghran-East.
Castlemore, Ballagliadireeu.
Castlemore, Fennagh.
Castlemore, ruins, Moume.
Castlemore, ruins, Moviddy.
Castle-Morres, Augliaviller.
Castlemoyle, Ardmoyle.
Castle-Neynoe, Ballysumaghan.
Castle-ni-Park. Kinsale.
Castle- Oliver, Particles.
Castle-Palliser, seat, Came.
Castle-Park, Athassel.
Castle-Pook, Doneraile.
Castlequin, seat, Caliir.
Castleraguan, barony, C.ivan.
Castlehea, barony, Roscommon.
Castlereagli, Killala.
Castle-Reagh, Knockbreda.
Castlereagh, barony, Down.
Castlereagh, fort, Kilronan.
Castle- Redmond, Midleton.
Castle-Ring, Louth town.
Castle River, Buncrana.
Castle River, Londonderry co.
Castle-Robin, Lisbum.
Castle-Roe, Coleraiue.
Castle-Roe, Kilmore.
Castle-Rne, Rostrevor.
Castleruddery, Donoughmore.
Castle-Salem, Roscarbery.
Castle-Saunderson, Cavan city.
Castle-Sliane, Xlonaghan.
Castle-Southwell, Rathkeale.
Castlestr.mge, seat, Fuerty.
Castle-Sybil, Dunurlin.
Castletown, Easkey.
Castletown, Wliitechurch.
Castletown, castle, Kiltartan.
Castletown, castle, Lockeen.
Castletown, fort, Rathmolion.
689
Castletown, residence, Kilcoman.
Castletown, seat, Came.
Castletown, seat, Celbridgc.
Castletown, scat, Kilburron.
Castletown, Old; Uiiigindonovan.
Castle-Townsend, demesne, Cas-
tlehaven.
Castle-Troy, Kilraurry.
Castle-Tully, Innismacsaint.
Castle-Upton, Teniplepatrick.
Castle-Waller, Kihienith.
Castle-Ward, Uallyculter.
Castlowarden, hill, Lyons.
Castle- Warren, Barnahely.
Castle-White, Inniskonny.
Caslle-Widenhain, residence of,
Castletown-Roche.
Castle- Willington, Ballyraackey.
Castle- Worraigh, Castlefergus.
Castruni Ventrie, Castlevcntry.
Catherine, St., castle, Killybegs.
Catherine's, St. ; Killeilagh.
Catlierlough, Carlow co.
Catsforth, BalljTashane.
Cavan House, Fintona.
Cavan Spa, Innismagrath.
Cave HUl, Belfast.
Cavetown Loughs, Eastersnow.
Ceanchora, fort, Killaloe.
Cedy mountain, Balteagh.
Cerrigia, KeiTy.
Chair of Kildare, Kildare.
Chantinee, lough, Aughnamullen.
Chapel bay, Copeland Islands.
Chapel Island, Longford co.
Chapel Island, Westmeatli.
Cliapel-Martel, Particles.
Chapel River, Kiltcnnel.
Chappie, Redcross.
Charles Fort, Kinsale.
Charlestown, seat, Kilmore.
Charleville, seat, Kyle.
Charleville, seat, Powerscourt.
Charleville, seat, Stabannou.
Charleville FoREST,Tullamore.
Cherry Island, Westmcath.
Cherry-mount, Castlemacadam.
Cherry- Orchard, Rathnew.
Chillo Ca Lai-c, Ballymascanlan.
Chimney Tops, Billy.
Chour, hill, Carne.
Chrome-llill, mansion, Lambeg.
Church B.iy, lUthlin.
Church-Ilill, seat, Killyman.
Church Hill, Chapeltown.
Church Kill, Culkn.
Church Isliuiil, Coney Isl.ind.
Church Island, Uromod.
Church Island, Kilbrine.
Churchpool, Inniskecl.
Churchtown, seat, Knockane.
Church-Urney, Derryheen.
Ciaruidhe, Kerry.
Cillenalotor, church, Kilcoman.
Cittadella, lilackroek.
Claggan, scat, Skerrv.
Claggin bay, Ballynakill.
Clanconow, Galway co.
Clan Cuilean, Clare co.
Clandeboy, Antrim co.
Claxdonagh, barony. Queen's co.
Clane, barony, Kildare.
Clane, Lough ; Leitrim.
Clanfirgail, Galway co.
Clauhugh, seat, Leney.
Clan-Maurice, district, Kerry.
Claxmorris, barony. Mayo.
Cla.vricarde, territory, Galway
CO.
Clanwilliam, b.^rony, Limerick.
CLANwiLLiAMjbarony, Tippcrary.
Clantihw, Tartarn^'han.
Clara, village, llatlnlrum.
Clara hill, ClonaMl.e.
Clara Rocks, Dalkey Island.
Claran, Stradltally.
Clare, barony, Galway co.
Clare, river, Liskeevy.
Clareen, river, Clare co.
Clare Glen, Kilvohine.
Clare Hill, Killare.
Clare Island, seal, Favor.m.
Claremont, Cilasnevin.
Claremount Cairn, Joncsborough.
Claren- Bridge, Ballinacourty.
Clare- Yndowl, abbey, Clarc-Gal-
way.
Clarina, village, Kilkeedy.
Clarmallagii, barony. Queen's
CO.
Clarrisford House, Killaloe.
Chishaghbane, Ballynefagh.
Clashanly, stream, Fetliard.
Clashmaguirc, Clondroliid.
Clashj-morc, Innisniurray.
Claudy, river, Londonderry co.
Claugii Mc Simon, Bandon.
Clay, lake, Keady.
Cleanlis, Killecdy.
Qeedagh, glen, Kilfyan.
Clee Ruadh, Kerr)-.
Cleganough, .\rran.
Cleggan, Kilmore-EiTis.
Clehausevan,c.-\stle,Kilballylione.
Clenagh, castle, Kilmaleery.
Clermont, seat, Rathnew-.
Clei-niont r:u-k, 11,-ynstown.
Clifton ll.iusr, Kilfudane.
Clifton Lodge, Tullyhanogue.
Cliniharnon Cottage, Cleenisli.
Clintiveran Well, Clones.
Clean, ruins, Inistioge.
Clobemon Hall, Ferns.
Clodagh, Waterford co.
Clodagli, castle, Kilmurry.
Clodagh, river, Tullamore.
Clodagh, waterfall, Cloneamerj-.
Clody, river, Newtown-Barry.
Cloest Castle, Carne.
Cloggogh, Kilmalooda.
Clogh-a-mether, Newtown-Ha-
milton.
Cloghan, quarry, Ardcatli.
Cloghan Castle," Banagher.
Cloghan Castle, Creagh.
Cloghan, castle, Kilbelfad.
Cloghan, Hill of ; King's co.
Cloghan Lodge, Stranorlar.
Cloghan Cantualaig, Lusmagh.
Cloghan-earneeu, Kilkenny co.
Cloghanealv, Donegal CO.
riogh-a'-Phiiill, Carlow co.
Cloghard, Killnughter.
Cloghatana, seat, Charlestown.
Cloghbannagh, Kilkenny co.
Cloghduff, Kilbonane.
Clogher, barony, TyTonc.
Clogher, estate, Templcroan.
Clogher Head, Annagasson.
Clogher Lucas, Rosslee.
Cloahkeating, seat, Modreeny.
CloirhU-a. castle, Kilworth.
CI. _-ii-ii.iii- '. Ki'.K-'iiny CO.
(■;> _ I ' \ .1 :,:i\ scullion.
Cl-.^r^nhal'l, Ll..U:!^li.
Clohass, Templcscobin.
Clobua, Uonquin.
Clona, monaittery, Killcban.
Clonacody, stat.tininge .St. John.
Clonallis, seat, Kilkeevan.
Clonuiia Castle, (Jullen.
Clonard, d.mesne ; IV-tcr's, .St.
Clonarla, Dumluiinell.
Clonatin, Gorey.
Clonbela, Drumcullin.
Clonbolt, seat, Longford town.
Clonbrock, seat, Fohenah.
Clonbuni, scat, Moore.
Cloncarney, manor of, .Mullagh-
brack.
Cloncorrick Castle, Carrigallen.
Clo.vdehlaw, barony, Clare co.
Clonderlaw, demesne, Killmurry-
Clonderlaw.
Clone, mansion, Rathbcagh.
Clone, ruins, Kilnioganny.
Clonea, village, .Mothcll.
Clonegford, Clonagoose.
Clonerle, seat, Croghan.
Cloneurse, castle, Kyle.
Clonej-meath, Galtrini.
Clonfad, abbey, Killucan.
Clonfanlagh, lake, Clonmacnois.
Clonfin, seat, Granard.
Clonfinglass, Killaldritf.
Clongowes-Wood College, Clane.
Cloxkee, barony, Cavan co. -
Clonkeen, Culdaff.
CLO.VKEtLT, barony, Fermanagh
CO.
Clonkoskoriin, Dungarvan.
Cloiikyiio Leix, Abbeylei.\.
CNinlara, Kiltonanlca.
Cli.iilLi^h, lands, Lifford.
Clonliinan Castle, Clonodonnell.
Cloxlisk, barony. King's co.
Cloxloxax, barony, Westmeath.
Clonlonan, castle, Kilcleagh.
Clonlost, seat, Rathcouncll.
Clonlur, Ross.
Cloxmacxoo.x, barony,Galwaycii.
Cloxmaiiox, barony, Cavan co.
Clonmannon, seat, Rathnew.
Clonmellane, castle, Molahiffe.
Clonmines Abbey, Fcthard.
Clonmines Castles, Clonmines.
Clonmore, Street.
Clonohill, abbey, Taghmaconnell.
Clonpierce, Rathaspeck.
Clonroad, Ennis.
Clonshanvill Abbey, Frenchpark.
Clonshcver, lake, Westmeath.
Clonyn, seat, Castletown-Delvin.
Coonadeera, Drimtemiile.
Cloonagh, Westport.
Cloouakilla, Athlone.
Clooncurrin, castle, Killascobe.
Cloondragh,island,Tarmoubarry.
Cloono, abbey, Killoe.
Cloonow, .Vtidone.
Cloonteen, seat, Kilmore.
Cloony, hill, Straidkelly.
Clopoke, Dun of ; Stradbally.
Clough, castle, Dunaghy.
Clough, district, Kilcommick.
Clough, ruins, Kilmolash.
Clough bay, Ballykindlar.
Cloughinny, Killevey.
Cloughmnme, Rostrevor.
Clough Patrick, Drogheda.
Cloughtogel, Tamlaght.
Cloughy bay ; .-Vndrew-'p, St.
Cloundereci), church, Rathclarin.
Clover Hill, seat, Cavan city.
; Clover Hill, seat, Fuerty.
i Clowen Castle, Clonea luery.
INDEX.
Clovn Hill, Kilvarnet.
Cluain-Conmaone, Cloon.
Cluntogh, Analiilt.
Clydagli, river, Mourne.
Clydagh House, Headford.
Clynisli, isle, Kilmina.
Cnoc llugha, Abbey-Knockmoy.
Cnuc na Scanghaim, Ardee.
Coalbrook, Tipperary co.
Cobler's Castle, Ballyadams.
Codrum, Macroom.
Coemhain's, St. ; Arran.
Colamber, seat. Street.
Colbeck Castle, fort, Waterford
city.
Colebrooke estate, Aghalurcher.
Coleman's Leap, Killarney.
CoLERAixE, barony of, London-
derry.
Colganstown, lands, Newcastle.
Collans, Coleraine.
College Field, Cahirconlish.
College House, Youghal.
Collier's-Quay, Ballinadee.
Colligein, Waterford Co.
Collin, Dunmurry.
Colt Island, Holmpatrick.
Comaderrv, Glendalough.
Comane Bog, Blarney.
Comogue, river, Cahircomey.
Compass Hill, Kinsale.
Conagh, Innismagrath.
Condons and Clongibbons, ba-
rony, Cork CO.
Coney Island, Armagh co.
Coningmore Rock, Saltee.
Conkrow wood, Clontibret.
Conn, lougb. Mayo.
Conna Castle, Aghem.
Connaree copper-mines. Castle-
macadam.
CoNNELL, barony, Kildare.
CoNNELLo, Lower, barony of.
Limerick.
CoNNELLo, Upper, barony of.
Limerick.
CoNNEMARA, Galway co.
Connor Hill, Dingle.
Conn's Hill, Templemore.
Conolly, Kilmaly.
Convamore, Ballyhooley.
Good, Kilneboy.
Coode, church, Kilcrohane.
Cooksborough, Rathconnell.
Cool, ruins, Wherry.
Coolafancy, Crosspatrick.
Coolalta, villa, Ahinagh.
Coolamona, Clonaslee.
Coolartra, mine, Clontibret.
Coolattin Park, Carnew.
CooLAViN, barony, Sligo.
Coolavota, Kanturk.
Coolbawn, Templeudigan.
Coolcawer, seat, Macroom.
Coolcappagh, district of, Kil-
broderan.
Cooldross, marsh, Newcastle.
CooLE, barony, Fermanagh co.
Coolehane, seat, Macroom.
Coolemalish, manor of, Mullagh-
brack.
CooLESTOw.N, barony, King's co.
Coolestown, Edenderry.
Cooletooder, Portarlington.
Cooley, lands, Carlingf.jrd.
Cooley, remains ; Moville, Upper.
Cooley Point, Newry.
Coolfadda, BanJon.
Coolfrie, mountain, Kilflyn
690
Coolkill, castle, Rower.
Coolmoney, Dunoughmore.
Coolmore, Carrigaline.
Coolnamuek, demesne of, Kilmo-
leran.
CooLOCK, barony, Dublin co.
Coolreath, seat, Kilnoe.
Coolruss, TLnahely.
Coolure, seat. Castle- PoUard.
Coomainaire, Cloghane.
Coombe Dhuve, Knockane.
Coomola, river, Kilmacomcgue.
CooNAGH, barony. Limerick.
Coonagh Point, Limerick city.
Coonine, river, Mullaghfad.
Cooper's Hill, seat, Kilmacabea.
Coose, TuUylish.
Coote Hall, estate, Tumna.
Cooter, Lough ; Gort.
Copeland water, Carrickfergus.
Copnagh, castle, Tankardstown.
Coppingerstown, castle, Midleton.
Coraan-Achill, AchiU.
Cor-Abbey, Midleton.
Cor Island, Fermanagh co.
Corballis House, Ballygarth.
Corbalton Hall, Skreen.
Corby Rock, Dunaghy.
Corclea, Armagh-Breague.
CoRCOMROE, barony, Clare co.
Corcomroe, ruins. Abbey.
C'orcomroe, see, Kilfenora.
Corcumruadh, Clare co.
Cordoo, Tullycorbet.
Corduff House, Lusk.
Corfin, lake, Tullycorbet.
Corhill, mountain, Killesandra.
Cork Abbey ; Connaught, Old.
CoRKAGuiXEY, barouy, Kerry.
Curkan, castle, Rathconrath.
CoRKAREE, barony, Westmeath.
Corkhill Lodge, Kilskerry.
Cormorant, isle, Westmeath.
Cornacassa, seat, Monaghan.
Comoro Wood ; Castle-Blayney.
Cornwall, village, Killurin.
Corolanty, demesne, Shinrone.
Corran, Lisnadill.
CoRRAX, barony, Sligo.
Ci>rran Tiema, Castle-Lyons.
Corrib Hotel, Ross.
CoRRiB, Lough ; Galway co.
Corribiny HUl, CaiTigaline.
Corrigeen, Kilmanman.
Corrin, hill, Fermoy.
Corron, Desertserges.
Corrowmore, seat, Lorum.
Corrybally, Templeichally.
Corug, river, Wexford co.
Corvallev, lake, Carrickmacross.
Corville,"seat, Corbally.
CoSHBRIDE AND COSHMORE, ba-
rony, Waterford co.
CosHMA, barony. Limerick.
Coskerry, isle, Ogonnilloe.
Coslin Sorley-Boy, Layde.
CosTELLO, barony. Mayo.
Costello bay, Galway co.
CosTLEA, barony. Limerick.
Cottage Island, Sligo co.
Cotton-Mount, bleach-green, Mo-
lusk.
Coulogh, castle, Kilmore-Erris.
Coumtra, East ; Veutry.
Couragh, loiigh. King's co.
CouHCiES, barony, Cork co.
Courson, Athlone.
Court, abbey, Achonry.
Courtafuteen, Kilroan.
Court-Browne Castle, remains,
Askeaton.
CocRTENAY Castle, Newcastle.
Courtown, seat, Kilcock.
Courtown, seat, KilteimeL
Courtstown, TuUaroan.
Centra, Lough, Galway co.
Cow and Calf, rock, TjTella.
Cowboy's Chapel, Clonmines.
Cow'd Castle, Ardglass.
Conie, lough, Ardguin.
Cowruagh, hamlet, Arran.
Coyne, lough, Strangford.
Cragduff, castle, Kilmainmore.
Cragg, Kilcomenty.
Cragleigh, Dromcliffe.
Craig rocks, Finvoy.
Craig-an-Ari£F, Agherton.
Craigs, The, Errigal-Kerogue.
Craxagh, barony, Kilkenny.
Cranagh, Templetouhy.
Cranagh, lake, Culfeightrin.
Cranagh Hill, Killowen.
Cranfield Point, Carlingford.
Crannagh, Coleraine.
Cratloe Woods, Killely.
Craugh, pass, Kilcloony.
Crawi'ordsburn, seat, Bangor.
Creagh, castle, Doneraile.
Creaghan, river, Louth co.
Crebilly, Ballyclug.
Credan, headland, Kilmacomb.
Creeve, Newry.
Creevlea, Dromohaire.
Creg, castle. Litter.
Cregacarean, hamlet, Arran.
Cregg, seat, Newtown-Lennan.
Cregg Castle, Annaghdown.
Creggan, Lough ; Clare Island.
Cremome, AughnamuUen.
Cremorxe, barony, Monaghan.
Crevenish, castle, Magheracul-
mony.
Crew Hill, Glenavy.
Crew Hill, Maynooth.
Crieve, lough, AughnamuUen.
Crieve Hill, Monaghan.
Crieve Roe, Armagh city.
Crifcairn, castle, Xliddletown.
Croaghaun, hill, Aehill.
Croaghmoira, Ballinacor.
Croagmore, Ballintoy.
Croagh Patrick, Mayo.
Croc-a-Ysenachuisleann,fortress,
Cahirconlish.
Crochan, church, Kilfentinan.
Crocknacunny, Templecarne.
Croghan, river, Killesandra.
Croghan-Kinshela, Arklow.
Croho, fort, Kilcaskin.
Crom Castle, Galloon.
Cromiglaun,mountain, Killarney.
Cromwell's Fort, Kenmare.
Cromwell's Fort; Michael's, St.
Cromwell's Hill, Ballinloghy.
Cromwell's Hill, Nobber.
Cromwell's Moat, Ballinloghy.
Cromwell's Mount, Dungarvan.
Cromwell's Rock, Foxford.
Cronebane, Castlemacadam.
Crooked river, Cahircorney.
Croompane-Rockard, Tralee.
Cross, monastery, Kilmore-Erris.
Cross Avenue, ISooterstown.
Cross hill, Ballycastle.
Crossard, Kilneboy.
Crosscool harbour, Blessington.
Crossfarnogue, Saltee.
Cross-Haven House, demesne of,
Templebready.
Cross Island, Copeland Isles.
Cross Malin, Balscadden.
Cross-Roads, Raymunterdoney.
Crotto House, Kilflyn.
Croughletta, mountain. Mayo.
Crovehy, Templecroan.
Crover Castle, Ballymachugh.
Crow Head, Kilnamaimagh.
Crown Rath, Newry.
Cruach, Reisk.
Cruagh, isle, Omey.
Cruagh, river, Whitechurch.
Cruanard Hill, Killybegs.
Crucknanionan, Culdaff.
Crugg Denial Noi, Ballyclerahan.
Cruit, Templecroan.
Crump Island, Ballynakill.
Cuan-na-guactie, Galway city.
Cuannan's Abbey, St. ; Annagh-
down.
CuiLCAGH mountain, Fermanagh
CuUane, Mount ; Quin.
Cullean, lake, Westmeath.
Cullen, castle, Kilbride.
Cullen, lough. Mayo.
Cullenstow-n, Bannow.
Cullenswood, Ranelagh.
CuUina, seat, Knockane.
Cullinagh, BalljToan.
CuLLiNAGH, barony. Queen's co.
Cully, river, Louth co.
CcLMORE, fortress, Londonderry
city.
Cult_\Tnough, village, Killedan.
CuMMERAGH, mountains, Mothell.
Cummin, river, Donegal co.
Cunnigar Point, Dungarvan.
Curcam, Stranorlar.
Curlew Mountains,Roscomraon.
Curlews, castle ; Langfield, West.
Curley River, Londonderry co.
Curofin, castle, Kilmoylan.
Curraan, promontory. Lame.
Curraboy, castle, Camma.
Curracloe ; Margaret, St.
Curragh, estate, Loughill.
CuRRAGH, The ; Kildare.
Curragh Castle, Clonfert.
CcuRAGHMORE, Clouegam.
Curramore, Ballinrobe.
Curramore, lough, Kilcomraon.
Curran, Lough, Clonfeaele.
Currane, lake, Kerry.
Currawn, Kildecamogue.
Curreagh, rock, Lickbla.
Curtlagh, Balrothery.
Cushcam, Dungai'van.
Cusheir, river, Armagh co.
Cushkeen-moiTiihy, Clondrohid.
Cushlawn-Thigge-Burht, castle,
Kilbarron.
Cushlawn-Thullahawn, castle of,
Kilbarron.
Cuslough, Ballinrobe.
Cutts, The ; Colerame.
Dalaradite, Antrim co.
Dal Gaes, Clare co.
Dalgan Park, Shrule.
Dallua, river, Kanturk.
Damer's Court, Shronell.
Dan, lough. Mayo.
Dan, lough, Roundwood.
Danes' Cast, Scarvagh.
Danesfield, seat, MoycuUei
Danesfort, seat, Killarney.
Dangan, Kilcummin.
Dangan, Kilmore.
INDEX.
Danf;an, i-astlc, Balliiiacally.
l).in:;uii, ruins, (iuin.
l).in;,Mii Castle, Laracor.
Uaiiguri Liidgc, Thomastown.
Daugaiibi-ack, ruins, (^uin.
Daiiganmore, Kildccamogue.
Danganmore, castle, Newmarket.
Daraheeii-Dliarmuda, Kilcaskin.
Dardistown Castle, Moorecliurcli.
Dabole, river, I'owerscourt.
Darglo, Little ; Whitechurch.
Darinlur Castle, Kiilokeunedy.
DiirkKv, mills, Keady.
Ilarliiii Hill, Cloiimel.
Danaghs, liallyclog.
Darrviiane Abbey, Kilcrohanc.
Dartree, Ematris.
Dartrke, barony, Monaghan.
Daugliton, cases, Fermanagh co.
Davagli I'liadric, Fermanagh co.
IJavi.l'^, St., Castle ; Naas.
D.ivi.lstcivvii, house, Killelan.
Davis.. n (irove, Ematris.
Dawsou's-Bridgo.Castle-Dawson.
Dawson's Court, Erao.
Dawson's Table, Clonbeg.
Dead River, Donquin.
Decies, Waterford co.
DEciES-within-DRL'M, barony of,
Waterford co.
DECins-without-DRUM, barony of,
Waterford co.
Declan's, St., dormitory, Ard-
more.
Dee, river, Louth co.
Deece, Lower, barony, Meath.
Deece, Upper, barony, Meath.
Deehan, lough, Kilmacduagh.
Deel, river, Mayo.
Deel Castle, Crossmolina.
Deeps Castle, Tickillen.
Deer Park, Fiimogh.
Deerpark Lodge, Carrick-upon-
Suir.
Deirg, abbey, Teighsliinod.
Delvan, river, Meath.
Delville, Glasnevin.
Delvi.n, barony, Westmeath.
Delvin Lodge, StamuUen.
Demifore, barony, Meath.
Demifore, barony, Westmeath.
Demon's Hole, Ballymore.
Deunet, river, TjTone.
Dereencharrin, Kilcaskin.
Dereveragh, Lough, Multifam-
hara.
Derq, Lough, Killaloe.
Derg, lougli, Templecame.
1>. .^ l.ii 1_ . i' ,,-tlederg.
\i J > - ' '-:Ui\cTg.
I» 1 ^ i niionamungan.
I). 1 1 in. ,iM N . H.iscommou.
Dcrig, ( il.l ; Killeshin.
Derk, seat, Greane.
Deroin Lough, King's County.
Derrabard House, Fintona.
Derrane, abbey, Kilbride.
Den-een, river, Carlow co.
Derricunnihy, Killamey.
Derriquin, house, Kilcrohane.
Derry, Rosscarbery.
Derry, Templeichally.
Derry, lake, Longford co.
Derry, river, Preban.
Derry Castle, Desertserges.
Derrybane, Derralossory.
Derrybard, Xewtown-Saville.
Derrybawn, Glendalough.
Derrycame, Annaduff.
Derrycasson, seat, Granard.
691
Dcrryclare, Lough ; Galway co.
Derrycorr, TartJiragban.
Dcrrydimnagh, Killamey.
Dorrygoole, Abbeystrewry.
Derryhogan, river, Tippcrary co.
Uerry-Invcr, Ballynakill.
Derrymore, isle, Sligo eo.
Ucrrynana Abbey, Kilcrohane.
Dcrryowen, Kilkcedy.
Derry Vale, Coal Island.
Dcrver, village, Loghan.
Dcsart House, Inchiolaghan.
Desmond, Cork co. ; also Kerry.
Desmond's Chapel, Ballincuslane.
Devil's-Bit mountain, Barnane.
Devil's Castle, Kilconly.
Devil's Glen, Killeskey.
Devil's Island & B.ay, Killamey.
Devil's mill, Clonsillagh.
Devil's Punch-bowl, Kerry.
Devrin Pouit, Killaghtee.
Dewa Slaney, Carlow co.
Dlicrmod's Castle, Castletown.
Dim Hole, Kilwaughter.
Dicksgrove, seat, Killentiema.
Dinagh, stream, Killamey.
Diuis, Tuosist.
Dinis, isle, Killamey.
Dinrigh, Carlow co.
Direvreagh,lough,Multifamham.
Disert-na-cusiac, Clogher.
Dissour, river, Killeagh.
Djouce mountain, Calar\'.
D'Laughtane House, Kinsalebeg.
Dodder, Dublin co.
Dog- Leap, Dnmiachose.
Dohilla, Valencia.
Dollardstown, seat, Painstown.
DoUymount, scat, Qoutarf.
Donaghmedc, Baldoyle.
Donaglirisk, Desertcreight.
Donagore, castle, KUleilagh.
Donaldshill, Balteagh.
Donald's Mount, Antrim co.
Donard Lodge, Kilcoo.
Donell Spaniagh's Country, Car-
low CO.
Doninga, scat, Grange-Silvac.
Don-Isle, Dunhill.
Donmore, Durrow.
Donnalong, fort, Templemore.
Donnemark, Kilmacomogue.
Donomona, Drum.
Donore,ruins, Killoghconnoghan.
Donore, seat, Caragh.
Donour, Ardnorcher.
Doo Castle, Kiltora.
Doobrin mountains, Armagh co.
Doogary, lake, Longford co.
Dooish, mountain of; Langfield,
\yest.
Dooish West, Donegal co.
Doolie Rocks, Rathbarry.
Doon, Killurane.
Doon, castle, Kinvarra.
Doon, mountain, Clonclare.
Doon, seat, Lcmanaghan.
Doon Castle, Aney.
Doon Castle, Ballybunnian.
Doona, castle, Kilcommon.
Doouane, colliery. Queen's CO.
Doonaninney, castle, R^moan.
DooNASs, estate, Kiltonanlea.
Doong, peninsula, Kinnure.
Doon Glady, rath, Maghera.
Duonglass, Ballindoon.
Doongorey, castle, Kinvarra.
Dooninarv, Fahan.
Doorin Point, Invcr.
Doory Hall, Tasliinny.
Doreinnis, WesHwrt.
Dormerstown Castle, Ardbrac-
can,
Dorset Lodge, Killiuey.
Dough, bog, Kilfieragli.
Dough, castle, Kilmacrehy.
Dougla.4, mountain, Ardstraw.
Douglas channel, CarrigaUnc.
Dounc, Kilmacrenan.
Dovea Lodge, Inch.
Dowcorran, lands, Lurgan.
Dower, river, Ightemmrragh.
Dowlas Head, Caliir.
Downdanicl, Innishannon.
Downeen, castle, Rosscarbery.
Downhill, scat, Uunboe.
Downpatrick Head, Kilbreedy.
Downs Hill, Calary.
Drake's Pool, Carrigaline.
Drakestowii, Kildemock.
Dranagh, Kilconuuck.
Draper Hill, Loughin- Island.
Draper's Hill, Markethill.
Dreendroch, Templenoe.
Drewstown, seat, Girley.
Dripsey, Magoumey.
Dromagh, Droumtariffe.
Dromahaire, barony, Leitrira.
Dromana House, Affane.
Drombanny Castle, Caliimarry.
Dromineen, castle, Kilslianig.
DiiOMOLAND, seat, Kilnasoolagh.
Dromona, Craigs.
Dromore, lake, I'allaskenry.
Droniore, seat, Templenoe.
Dromore House, Kilshanig.
Dromore Lodge, Clonallon.
Droughtville, Drumcullin.
Droumhumper Hill, Killamey.
Drowse, river, Rossinver.
Druid Cottage, Killiney.
Druimna-GuUion, Londonderry
CO.
Drum, lake, Shruel.
Dram, mountain, Waterford co.
Drumans, spring, Ramoan.
Dramavrack, Killoughter.
Drambanagher, Donagh.
Dmmbanagher Castle, Killevey.
Dmmbane, castle, Moyaliffe.
Drumboe Castle, Stranorlar.
Drumboo, well, Kildallon.
Drumcaw, ruins, Loughin-Islaad.
Dnimclogher, hill, Seagoc.
Dramcondra, castle, Killery.
Drumeondra Castle, Clonturk.
Drumconready, Maghera.
Drumcoo, Dungannon.
Drumcree, Newtown- Barr>".
Drumcree, common, Caliirdug-
gan.
Drumcree, demesne, Kilcumney.
Dmmcroon, lands, Macosijuin.
Dramdiah House, Killeagh.
Dramdorony, hill, Rathpatrick.
Drumfaldra, Aughnamullen.
Drumfineen, mountain, Ardmore.
Drumgarifr,river,Kilraacomoguc.
Drumgoold, Enniscorthy.
Drumheamy, Kiltoghart.
Drumilly, seat, Loughgall.
Drumina, hill, Killyman.
Dramkellin, Inver.
Dramlav, fort, Kilcaskin.
Drummanagh, tower, Lusk.
Drummore, settlement, Letter-
kenny.
Drumnasole, seat, Ardclinis.
Drumod, Annaduff.
Dramoyle, village, Seirk\Tan.
Drumquin ; Langfield, West.
Drumtubberbuy, Monaghan co.
Drumtullagh, Dirrykeighan.
Drumurry, lake, Longford co.
Drung, Glcnbegh.
Dry Hurry, viaduct, Coal-Island
town.
Dubh Alia, Cork co.
Duck Island, Ballindoon.
Duffcarrig, scat, Anlinore.
Dl'FFERi.x, barony, Down.
Duffcrin, castle, Killylcagh.
Dugort, AchilL
DuiiALLOW, barony, Cork co.
Duibhacliar, river, Leitrim.
DiLEKK, Lower, barony, Meath.
DuLEKK, Upper, barony, Meath.
Dumfare, Broughshane.
Dunadry, Templepatrick.
Dun-j^Eugus, fort, Arran.
Dunaff Head, Clonmauy.
Dunaghy, Donoghenry.
Dunaha, residence, Moyarta.
Dunalley, castle, Kiluiorc.
Dun-a-MalUgbt, liamoan.
DuNAMASK, Dysait.
Dunamogh, fort, Kilmorc-Erris.
Dunamore Castle, ruin of, Cape-
Clear Island.
Dun beacon, castle, SkulL
Duiibeg, river, Tipperary co.
Dunboden, Kilbride- Veston.
Dunbogy, cove, Nohoval.
Dunbou'ght, Dunaghy:
Dunboy,settlement, Letterkcnny.
Dunboy Castle, Kilaconenagh.
DCNUOVSE, barony, Meath.
Dunbrattcn, KUb'arrymeaden.
Dunbrody, abbey, Fethard.
Dunbrody Park ; James's, .St.
Uuncearma, fortress, Ringrone.
Duncrue, Carrickfergus.
Duucran, Tamlaghtard.
Duncruthin, Dunboe.
Dundalk Bay, Louth CO.
DcsDALK, Lower, barony,Loutli.
DcxDALK, Upper, banmy, Louth.
Dundanion Castle, Blackroek.
Dundedy, castle, Rathbarrj-.
Dundonolf, Waterfonl city.
Dundrum, mills, Keady.
Dundnmi, seat, Ballintemple.
Duneen Castle, Aghem.
Dunfeeny, bay. Mayo.
Di-.NGAN.NON, barony, TjTone.
Dungar, Corbally.
Dungarbery Castle, Rossinver.
Dungonnell, Dunaghy.
Dungooley Castle, Faughart
Dungorthin, river ; Cumber, Up-
per.
DuxKELi-ix, barony, Galway co.
Dunkellin, castle, Stradbally.
Dmikelly, lake, Kilmoe.
DuxKERRON, barony, Kerry.
Duiikerron, castle, Templenoe.
Dunlarick, Templebodane.
Dunlieky, castle, Moyarta.
Dunlo, Ballinasloe.
DiNLOE, Gap of ; Knockane.
Dunloey, Tullachobigley.
DiXLiCE,LowER,barony,ADtrim
CO.
DixLfCE, Upper, barony, Antrim
CO.
Dunmacfelin, Galway city.
Dunmahon Castle, He>-nstown.
Dunmanas, castle. Skull.
Dimmaul, Ardclinis.
Uunminning,bleach-green oi. R:i-
sharkin.
Dunmore, Island.
DcNMORJi, barony, Galway co.
INDEX.
Dunmore, cave, Motliell.
Dunmore, ruins, Maghera-Ham-
let.
Dunmore Castle, Killard.
Dunmore Head, Donrjuin.
Dunmull, Balljwillin.
Dunmurry Hill, Kildare.
Dunny Cove, Ardfield.
Dunowen, Island.
Dunowen, castle, Rathbarry.
Dunowen Head, Ardfield.
Dunrally Fort, Moyanna.
DunraN, Killeskey.
Dunree Point, Cionmany.
Dunroin, bleach-green, Rashar-
kin.
Dunsoghly, castle ; Margaret's, St.
Dunworley, bay, Lislee.
Durin, Donegal town.
Dynish, Innismacnaughten.
Dysart Castle, Robertstown.
Dysart Hills, Queen's co.
Dyssett Castle, Thomastown.
Eadestown Hill, Donoughmore.
Eagish, Lough ; AughnamuUeu.
Eagle Island, Templecarne.
Eagle Island, Fermanagh co.
Eagle Island, Kilmore-Erris.
Eagles' Island, Killamey.
Eagles' Nest, Ballybunn'ian.
Eagles' Nest, Killaraey.
Eagles' Nest, Learmont.
Eamania, fortress, Armagh co.
Earl's Field, Ballymote.
Earlsrath, fort, Kilbeacon.
Earmaceire, Donagh.
Easkey, river, Sligo co.
Eastern Island, Arran Isles.
East-Ferry, Ballinacurra.
East-Fort,' EnniskiUen.
Ecclesville, Fintoua.
Echliuville ; Andrew's, St.
Edenderry, suburb, Seagoe.
EdenduScarrick, manor of, Ran-
dalstowu.
Edenmore, Stranorlar.
Edenvale, Artramont.
Edenvale, demesne, Killone.
EdmondstowD, Kilcoleman.
Edmonsbury, St. ; Lucan.
EiTrick, isle, BalljTashane.
Eglish, barony. King's co.
Egmont, townland, Churchtown.
Elagh, castle, Templemore.
Elaghraore, Templemore.
Elanmacdara, Galway co.
Eliogarty, barony, Tipperary.
Ellistron, Kilmainmore.
Elm Hall, seat, Belcarra.
Elm-Hill, seat, Kilscannel.
Elm Park, Eglish.
Elm Park, Kilkeedy.
Elm Vi.w, Cl.,nl:.i-f.
Elton., -;,„,. \,l,l,w.
Elv H , \: !,,.„„.
Eli 1 . I.. ., , i ,.||
Emc'ii ; .sii,!!i':;;:i:i;iu^;!^-
Einb, iM:irslios, Meath.
Emma Valo, Arklow.
Enipor, Kilniacneviu.
Enagh, lough, Glenderraot.
Endruim, Antrim co.
Englishman's Rock, Garomna.
Englishmen's Garden, Prior.
Emiisdavey, isle, Galway co.
E.vNisnowEN, bai-ony, Donegal.
692
Ennismain, Arran Isles.
Ennisrobin, isle, Galway co.
Ennismore, Dysart.
Ennistymon, river, Clare co.
Enver, Kilcommon.
Erbull, castle, Killasser.
Erchom, remains, Rathvilly.
Erkin, DuiTOW.
Ernai, Fermanagh co.
Erne, Lough, Fermanagh co.
Erne, river, Cavan co. ; also
Donegal co.
Erne Head, seat, CuUumkiU.
Erne-Head lake, Granai-d.
Ergal, Clogher.
Erra, village, Lissonuffy.
Erral, Lough ; Cape Clear Island.
Errew, peninsula, Crossmolina.
Errigal, Donegal co.
Errigal-Kierin, Errigal Kerogue.
Errjll, Rathdowney.
Erris, barony, Mayo.
Errislaneen, ruins, Oniey.
Erritt, lough, Roscommon co.
Erriv, river, Mayo.
Erynagh, abbey. Bright.
Escrahoole, Newtown-Saville.
Esk, lake, Donegal town.
Esk, mountain, Kilcaskin.
Esknamucky, Killamey.
Esker, convent, Kiltullagh.
Evaugh, Cork co.
Everard's Castle, Clogheen.
Eyreville, seat, Kiltormer.
Faha, demesne, Kilkeedy.
Fahagh, ruins, Stradbally.
Fahalty, Multifamham.
Fahrta, river, Killinane.
Fairfield, Enniscorthy.
Fair Head, Culfeightrin.
Fair Hill, Dundalk.
Fairhill, Ross.
Fair View, Clonturk.
Fairy Mount, Louth town.
Fairy Mount, Taughboyne.
Fairy Rock, Kilgarvan.
Fairy's Chair, Bun-os-in-Ossory.
Faithe, We.xford town.
Fall, The ; Ballyshannon.
Fallen, river, Longford co.
Fane, river, Louth co.
Fanisk, river, Clonpriest.
Fannet, Clondevadock.
Fanningstown, Fiddown.
Farahie, bay, Kilfieragh.
Farbill, Rathwire.
Farbill, barony, Westmeath.
Farlough, Tullanisken.
Farm, The ; Templemore.
Farmley, seat, Burnchurch.
Farney, barony, Monaghan.
Farney Castle, Moyalitfe.
Farnham, seat, Cavan city.
Farra, school, Leney.
Farrcncmanagh, Ballyloughloe.
Farrin-a-Urrigh, Ardmayle.
Fartullaoh, barony, Westmeath.
Fassadineen, barony, Kilkenny.
Fassarow, castle. Bray.
Fastnet Rock, Cape Clear Island.
Fathenmura Abbey, Fahan.
Fathom, Newry.
Fathom hills, Amiagh co.
Faughan Hill, Ardbraccan.
Faughan, river of, Londonderry
Fauntstown Castle, Athnassey.
Favour-Royal, demesne, Port-
Fea, lake, Magheracloony.
Feagh, Lough ; Burrishoole.
Feagile, river, Kildare.
Feale, river, Kerry.
Fearmuigh, Cork co.
Fee, Lough ; Ballynakill.
Feede, hill, Jonesborough.
Feeny, vale, Londonderry co.
Feigbeg, fort, Nantinan.
Fellows Hall, Tynan.
Feltrim Hill, Kinsealy.
Fenaghy, Craigs.
Feo, lake, Magheracloony.
Feor Magh Eanagh, Fermanagh
Fergus, river, Clare co.
Fermoy, barony, Cork co.
Feme, lough, Tully.
Femey Island, Fermanagh co.
Fernsborough, Abbeylai-agh.
Ferrard, barony, Louth.
FeiTiter's Creek, Dunurlin.
Ferrybank, Waterford city.
Ferry-Carrigg, castle, Carrlgg.
Ferry Castle, Kilkeedy.
Fews Mountains, Armagh co.
Fews, Lower, barony, Armagh
CO.
Fews, Upper, barony, Armagh co.
Fidachta, Thomastown.
Fidane, castle, Kilkeedy.
Fidane Castle, Beagh.
Field of Sculls, Arran.
Fieldstown, river, Swords.
Fierd, spring, Kilballyhone.
Fieries, castle, Molahiffe.
Filadowne, Killaha.
Filemuck, Skull.
Fin, Lough, Clonmacnois.
Finabagough, Kilcrohane.
Finae, Favoran.
Finbarr's, St.; Cork city.
Fingall, Dublin co.
Finglan, Banagher.
Fingrane, lough of, Termonma-
guirke.
Finish, isle, Galway co.
Finlough, Tomfinloe.
Finn river, Fermanagh co.
Finnebrogue, Inch.
Finnery, river, Kildare.
Finnihy, river, Kenmare.
Finnis, Dromaragh.
Finnitterstown Castle, Kilfenny.
Fin's Quoit, Howth.
Finstown Lodge, Esker.
Fintown, Inniskeel.
Finvarra Point, Aughnish.
Fion Mac Cuil's Finger Stone,
Cionmany.
Fiorish, river, Roscommon co.
Fir House, Tallaght.
Firoda colliery, Castlecomer.
Firville, seat, Macroom.
Fisher Hill, estate, Breafy.
Fisherwick Lodge, Doagh.
Flesk, river, Kerry.
Flesk Castle, Killamey.
Flesk Priory, Killamey.
Fleskroe, river, Kerry.
Fleury, river, Armagh co.
Flinn's Rock, Ardstraw.
Flood Hall ; Jerpoint, Church.
Florida, demesne, Kilmud.
Flower-Hill, seat, Lismore.
Flun-y, river, Armagh co.
Fochan-JIor Abbev, Fahan.
F.ihcrisb, river, Cl.mdroliid.
Ford, The ; Waterford city.
Forenaughts, Johnstown.
Forge, village, Monart.
Fort-Agnes, Kilcoleman.
Fort del Or, Dunurlin.
Fortfield, seat, Roundtown.
Fortfield, village, Kilfyan.
Fort-Grady, Droumtariffe.
Fort-Granite, Kilranelagh.
Forth, barony, Cai-low co.
Forth, baronv, Wexford co.
Fort-Henry, Ashfield.
Fort Hill, Faughart.
Fort Hill, Lucan.
Fort Island, Westmeath.
Portland, Easkev.
Fort-Margarett," Clonfeicle.
Fort-Robert, seat, Kinneigh,
Fort- Singleton, seat of, Ei-rigal-
Trough.
Fort-Stewart, Ramelton.
Fort-town ,residence,Mullinacufr.
Fort-William, Belfast.
Fort-William, Creagh.
Fort- William, Dmng.
Fort- William, seat, Lismore.
Forumna, hamlet, Arran.
Foulkes Court, Fartagh.
Foulksrath Castle, Coolcraheen.
Foxhole, Youghal.
Fox Island, Ballindoon.
FoYLE, river and lough, London-
derry CO. and city.
Foyle Park, Faughanvale.
Foyn's Island, Robertstown.
Francis's, St., isle, Galway co.
Franckfort Castle, Dunkerrin.
Frankford, Drumeullin.
Frayne, Athboy.
Freaehillan, Ballynakill.
Freagh, Kilfarboy.
Freame Mount, Ematris.
Freeston Castle, Belfast.
Freineston, Carlnw co.
French Furze, Ballysax.
Frenchpark, barony of, Ros-
common.
Frescati House, Blackrock.
Friar Islands, Galway co.
Fi'iar's Bush, Belfast.
Friar's Rock, Castlefergus.
Friarstown, seat, Fedamore.
Friarstown, Killerick.
Friendly Cove, Durrus.
Fruit Hill, demesne, Kilraokea.
Frum Hill, Portlemon.
Fuighes, Armagh co.
Fuith-na-Gael, Clonoe.
Funcheon, lough, Raharrow.
Fuogh, Lough ; Galway co.
Furnace, Lough ; Burrishoole.
Furnakurk, hamlet, Arran.
Furness, demesne, Furnaughts.
Furrinish, isle, Galway co.
Furry Park, Chmtarf.
Fynish, Innismacnaughten.
G.
Gabriel, Mount ; Skull.
Gageborough, Ardnorcher.
Gahanave, lands, Rathbarry.
Gaile, demesne, Geale.
Gaine, river, Westmeath.
Galavill, Innisbigle.
Gale, river, Kerry.
Gallen, barony. Mayo.
Gallerus, castle, Kilmelchedor.
Galley Head, Rathbarry.
Galmoy, barony, Kilkenny.
Galroestown, Carlow co.
INDKX.
Gai.tees, Tipperary co.
Galtimorc mountain^ Clunbog.
Gane, stream, Mullifai'iiliam.
Gar, lough, Rusaagh.
Gara, lough, Slign co.
Gara, river, Knsuommon co.
Gara Castle, Kilfree.
Gaiiidis,'. lough, Balliiiamore.
Garbally, Killascobc.
Gavbally Park, Bnllinasloe.
Gardcninore, villa. Lame.
Ganiavella, seat, Cahir.
Gari-an Castle, Skeirke.
Garran Tual, Knockane.
Garretstown, Teiiiplctriiie.
Gnnoi, r..int. .\nlclinis.
n,,n^ r,,i!,. r..,n,ii,'her.
I . ■ ■ I ' ililln CO.
I i civ.iiy. King's CO.
(. Mi> I lill. I Jinil.Tkiiey.
Giiny-Kirinu.tv, iu Castlctown-
Arra.
Garryricken, Killamery.
Garryvoe, Garrynoo.
Garvagh, seat, Errigal.
Garve Islands, Cloneha.
Garvey, Aughnacloy.
Garvogue, river, Sligo town.
Gaulstown Park, Kilbride-Pilate.
Gaultier, barony, Waterford co.
Gavelagh, Druniquin.
Gaybrook, Enniscoffey.
Gayfield, Donnybrook.
Geashill, barony, King's co.
Geesedon, Drum.
Geevagh, Kilinactrany.
Gelvin Water, Londunderry co.
Glieestan, river, Kerry.
Gheramine Cottage, Killamey.
Gheran Tual, Kerry.
Ghoal, mountains of, Kilraa-
comogue.
Giant's Causeway, Billy.
Giant's Cave, Magheragall.
Giant's Cut, Glendalough.
Giant's Finger, Ardstraw.
Giant's Grave, Coleraine.
Giant's Gi-ave, Kilmannian.
Giant's Grave, Rathronan.
Giant's Load, Ballymascanlan.
Giant's Organ, Biliy.
Giant's Ring, Drumboe.
Giant's Sconce, Dunboe.
Giant's Stairs, Monkstown.
Giant's Steps, Newbawn.
Gibbstown, Donoughpatrick.
Gill, lough, Sligo co. and town.
Gill, West Lough, Ballintogher.
Gill-Hall Castle, Dromore.
Gillinahirk, Knockbreda.
Glahaskeen, castle, Lockeen.
Glaiscaluin, stream, Fethard.
Glan, district, Cavan.
Glanasheen, village. Particles.
Glancullen, seat, Kilternan.
Glanculmkil, Carnme.
Glandine, Gap of ; King's co.
Glanduff Castle, Newcastle.
Glaneola, Glendalough.
GLA.NEROUGH, Kerry.
Glan Flusk, Tanderagee.
Glangavlin, Cavan co.
Glanigalt, Dunurlin.
Glankeen, Parsonstown.
Glanleem, Valencia.
Glanmurra, wood. Mayo.
Glann, Edenderry.
Glan-Patriek, Kilmoleran.
Glanquin, Kilneboy.
Glanruddery Mountains, Kerry.
Glaslacken.Newtown-Barrv.
Vol. II.— 693
Glasleck, Sliercck.
Glassabuiiy, Dunbolloge.
Classic, castle, Killeilagh.
Glasslough, seat, Calcdon.
Glass-Pistol, Temioufeclian.
Glastry, scat ; Andrew's, St.
Glauncoum, Grenaugli.
Glaun-na Ciiyipnl, Killarney.
(;l:nit,t:in, , ( 'I, ,„,l,-,.bid.
i:i. II'', l; .tl,I„.ale.
< ■!' ii:. i. ! ill!-' . I'l si<lence, Ross-
Glenahierv, barony, Waterford
CO.
Glcnamong, Burrishnole.
Glenamory, river, Kilcommon.
Glenanna, residence, Ardniore.
Glenanne, seat, Loughgilly.
Glenarb, Auglialoo.
Glenaiiff, Ardcliuis.
Glenarm, Lower, barony of, An-
trim CO.
Glenarm, Upper, barony of, An-
trim CO.
Glenart, mansion, Arklow.
Glonaule, Eglish.
Glenawly, barony, Fermanagh
Glenballcma, Kilflyn.
Glen-Bevan, Croom.
Gleubower, wood, Killeagh.
Glcuburnie Park, Ematris.
Glencairn, seat, Castle-Richard.
Glencar, Drumcliffe.
Glencara, seat, Almoritia.
Glencare, Knockane.
Glencloy, vale, Canilough,
Glenconkene, woods, London-
derry CO.
Glenconway, Glenarm.
Glencorran, seat, Ardmore.
Glencree, vale, Powerscourt.
Glendalough House, Annamoe.
Glendarrngh, Crumlin.
Glendarragh, Newtown-Mount-
Kennedy.
Glendascene, mines of, Derra-
lossory.
Glcndoneen, Ballymartle.
Glen-Druid, TuUy.
GlenduUane, Clondulane.
Glendun, rock, Culfeightrin.
Glenfarne, mountain, Clonclare.
Glenfarne Hall, Clonclare.
Glenficld, seat, Knocktemple.
Gleiifin, district, Kiiteevock.
Glenflesk, Killaha.
Glengad, hill, Culduff.
Glengare, Doon.
Glenoariff, Kilcaskin ; likewise
Kihnacomoguc.
GlengaiTa, Dingindonovan.
Gleng:irron hills, Fermanagh co.
Glongiillen, seat, Fahan.
Gknistorean. Powerscourt.
(il.iikr. 1. ni.jiinlriin, Bohoe.
1,1. n l„.r;i,. \l,:,,:ii;h.
I.: .'. . 'Ilmnbkille.
ii ' , ■ lulalough.
Glcuuiorc, btrauorlar.
Glenniore, scat, Killeskey.
Glennacurra, Ettjigh.
Glennalong, Innismacsaint.
Glennasmuil, Tallaght.
Glenogra Castle, Cahircomey.
Gleniimei-a, Killokennedy.
Glenone, Portglenone.
Glenortly Castle, Kilfinane.
Gleupatrick, Clonmel.
Gkniiuin, castlo, Killceily.
Glenrandle, river of; Cumber,
Ujiper.
Glcnroe, Kilflyn.
Glen-Southwall, Whitcchurch.
Glen-Tocher, Donagh.
Glenullcn, vale, Errigal.
Glenville, Rathrunan.
Glenwlierry, i-iver, Antrim co.
Glenwiiod, Dernilossory.
Glin, lake, Longford co.
Glin, mountain, Miiiard.
Glinsk, seat, Kilcroan.
Glore, stream, Feighan of Fore.
Gloster, seat, Eltagh.
Gloun-na-gccntha, glen, Bally-
macelligott.
Clyde, river, Louth Co.
Clyde Farm, Louth town.
Glynn, lough, Roscommon co.
Glynn, village ; MuUins, St.
I Glynues, Antrim co.
Glynwood House, Ballyloughloe.
Gnewbane, hill, Castlelost
Gnewbaron, hill, Clonfad.
Gnewbaunc, Tvrrell's-Pass.
Goat, isle, Sku'll.
Goat, island, Templecame.
Goats' Island, Lisgenan.
Gobau-Saor, Ramoan.
Gobbins, Island-Magee.
Cobban's Abbey, Carlow co.
Cocaun Point, Castlehaven.
Goff's-bridge, Horetown.
Golanesk, Donegal co.
Golden Arm, Westmeath.
Golden Fort, Baltinglass.
Golden Fort, Cape Clear Island.
Golden Grove, Ettagh.
Golden Hill, Kilbride.
Golden Hills, Athassel.
Golden Rock, Waterford city.
Golden Vale, Limerick co. ; also
Tipperary co.
Goleen, Kiimoe.
Googane, Inchegeelagh.
Goose Island, Westmeath.
Corey, barony, Wc.xford co.
Gormanston Castle, Stamullen.
Gortenacuppogue, Ballynakill.
Gortin, Coleraine.
Gortin Gap ; Badony, Lower.
Gortmenon, Dungannon.
GortnadeiTa, Ballynahaglish.
Gortnagopple, Arran.
Gortree, district, Killead.
Gosford Castle, Mullaghbrack.
Gownagb, Lough ; Granard.
GowRAN, barony, Kilkenny.
Grace-Dieu, Lusk.
Grace-Dieu, Waterford city.
Gi-acefield Lodge, Ballylinan.
Grace's Old Castle, Kilkenny.
Grace's Parish, Tullaroan.
Giaulilnnc, lake, Magheracloony.
t;r:ii:;niie, seat, Holvcross.
, Graigue, isle, Kilfen'tinan.
I Graigue-Padeen, Fennor.
Grailabuv Well, Clones.
I Cralla, cistle, Killenaule.
Grana-oge, Moate.
Gra.nard, barony, Longford.
Grand Canal, Dublin co.
Grandison, castle, Kilmacow.
Graney, castle, Kilmacow.
Graney, Lough ; Feacle.
Grange, Moy.
Grange, castle, Kilcooly.
Grange, castle, Kilmahuddrick.
Grange, seat, Athnowen.
Grange, scat, Fedamorc.
(irange, seat, Kilmocree.
Grange, scat, Templeboy.
Grange, The, Baldoyle.
Grange, The, village, Ballvnurc.
Grangc-Bellcw, DywrL
Grange Con, Ballynurc.
Grange Hill, Kildare.
Grange Lodge, Lisgcnan.
Grange, New ; Slaue.
Grangemellon, Granard.
Grangemore, scat, Killucan.
Granny, Lough ; Cavan.
Granstuwn, convent, Kilcavau.
Grantstown, Waterford city.
Grantstown, castle, Kilfeacle.
Crass, isle, Kilfentiiian.
Craystone, castle, Killenaule.
Grcagavine, Clonmore.
Grcatman's bay, Galway co.
Greenanstown House, Kilkeary.
Greencastle, Belfast.
Green Castle, Kilbmuey.
Greencastle ; Moville, Lower.
Greenfield, lands, Macosquin.
Grcenhill, Kilpeacon.
Green Hill, Lisnaskea.
Creenhills, fort, Tallaght.
Greenhills, seat, Moneygall.
Green Island ; Andrew's, .St.
Green Island, Westmeath.
Green Mountain, Leitrim.
Greenore Point, Carlingford.
Greenore Point, Kilrane.
Creenvale, Cookstown.
Greenville, Kilmichael.
Gregans, seat, Rathboumey.
Grellagh, estate, Ahain)ilish.
Greua, seat, Aghadoe.
Crenan Castle, Thomastown.
Grenane, Isertlaurcnce.
Greuane, Rathdrum.
Greyhound, river, Kilcommon.
Grey Stane, altar, Aghadowy.
Grierston, Ballingarry.
Griffinstown, Killucan.
Gris, river, Kildare.
Groody, river ; Patrick's, St.
Grouse Island, Templecame.
Grove, Dingle.
Grove demesne, Ballingan-y.
Gubberother, Roscommon co.
Guilcagh, Portlaw.
Guile, lough, Loughguile.
Cullion, tough, Moyntaghs.
Gully, island, Fennan.i^h co.
Guns Island, Dunsford.
Cur, Lough, Cahircomey.
Gurran Bnidhe, Clouiisliiiv.
Gurrane, Templemartin.
Gurrans Turlogh, Tuam.
Gurteen, Clouniel.
Gurteen, demesne, Kilsheelan.
Gurteen, Great ; Kilmannan.
Gurteen House, Ballyhooley.
Gurteen lake, Clonbi-oney.
Gurtloygraph, Shmle.
Curtmore, Clonmeen.
Gurtnetubber, castle of, Killa-
liathan.
Gurtney Cloy, Clonenagh.
Guttane, lough, Killaha.
Gweedore, estate of, Tulla-h-
obigley.
H.
Hacketsto«Ti, Templetrine.
Hag's Glen, Knockane.
Hag's Head, Kiln-.acrehy.
Hag's Tooth, Kiiliraue.
4U
INDEX.
Half-way House, Ballinaboy.
Hall Craig, Deveuish.
Halrerstown, seat, KilcuUen.
Hammersmith, Ball's- Bridge.
Hampstead, Glasnevin.
Hampton Hall, Balrothery.
Hannahstown, Belfast.
Harbour rock, Corkbeg.
Harboui-stowu, StamuUen.
Hardy Mount, Fcmiagh.
Hare Island, Beiiowen.
Harlev Park, Ballinsarrv.
Harp;.--.....,,. T:..'lMno„.'
Harpi,,- . .-, -^.
Harr . ,^ . M ,rne.
Hani-' , ,.. -. . 1. U.iu.luH-ney.
Harrv ijuiti- s ...loilc, Ardstraw.
Hawlbowling rock, Cariingford.
Hazel Bank, Banbridge.
Hazelwood, seat, Sligo town.
Headborough, seat of, Kilwa-
termoy.
Headfort, mansion, Kells.
Heading, The ; Killarney.
Hi-iirtwell, house. Kill.
Htatli House, Maryborough.
Hell's Hole, Clonclia.
Helvick Head, Riugagonagh.
Hempton's Bank, Loudoudeny
city.
Hermitage, lanils, Kilcoole.
Hermitage, seat, Castle-Connell.
Heron, isle, Killarney.
HeiTing Island, Fermanagh co.
Heywuod, demesne, Balliuakill.
Hibernia, Cork co.
HibL..rnian ^-lills, Kilmainbam.
High Fort, seat, Liscarrol.
High Island, Omey.
High Park, Kiltegan.
Hillbrook, Shillelagh.
Hillgrove, seat, Cahir.
Hill Castle, Kilscoran.
Hill Mount, Craigs.
Hill Town, Ballymitty.
Hill View, seat, Crosspatriek.
Hillville, house, -Stradbally.
Hilton, seat, Seotshouse.
Hilton Lodge, Curriu.
Hockley Lodge, Richbill.
Hoddersfield, Templebready.
Hodson'sBav, demesne, Kiltoom.
Hog Head, Kilcroliane.
Hog Island, Kilrush.
Hog Islands, Scariff.
Hole Stone, Muckamore.
Holland, New ; Keady.
Hollybrook, Aughauagh.
Hollybrook, Drumraaul.
HoUybrookc House, demesne of,
Kihnacanogue.
Hollyfort, village, Kilnehue.
HoUyraount, Downpatrick.
Hollymount, seat, Shruel.
Hollypark, Palhuskenrv.
Hollypark, VVhitochureli.
H'jilywell, demesne, Cairv.
Holywell, demesne, Kilcoole.
Holywell, rath, Kilbride.
Holywell Hill, Tem|.iemore.
Honeycomb, The, Billy.
Honey Mug, Tamlaght.
Hore Abbev, Cashel.
Hork, Doni.gal co.
Horn H.a.l, rinnd.liorky.
Ho
Hors.'l ,1 , . I ■ , \ ■ '] i-lier.
Ho,...--.: ,: : ,: .Kilpoole.
Houn.i-,-..i.i. L. .;,,,. ,:,,. KilHyn.
House, Till', s.:a. I '.iMl.'- Dawson.
Houslaud, castle, Hook.
694
Houslough, TjTian.
HoYLE, lough, Westmeatb.
Hughestowu, Tumna.
Hulin rocks, CarnciiStle.
Hume Wood. seat. Kiltecai
Huninl..'. ^.r ...„. :.^.-u.^vn
Hum.tuv,ii,=...t. C,.t:aknock.
Hybla, seat, Castlekiiock.
Hvde Park, Kilg'.rman.
H'vd-Park, print-Held, Jlolusk.
Hv Cabanagh, Carlow co.
Hy Drone, Carlow co.
Hy-Fiacria-Aidue, Galway co.
Hy Gannan, Clare co.
Hv Kinselagb, Carlow co.
Hy Lochlean, Clare co.
Hymaine, Galway co.
Hyne, Lough, Creagh.
Iar Coxnacght, Galway co.
Iba.ne and Barrvroe, barony,
Cork CO.
Ibernia, C.irk co.
Ibh Caisiu, Clare co.
Ibricka.ve, barony, Clare co.
Icane, isles. Island- Icane.
Icararn, liam'ct. Arran.
Ida, ).;,iv.:.. :^;;. ;.,r,.
Iddei-..aM ; . . : ,11.
IDKO.M. . ' .1 ;;l'low CO.
Idrom: V, I - , 1, ,: .,1 , . lii.iwco.
Iffa and Offa ii.vM, barony of,
Tipperai-y.
Iffa axd Offa West, biu-ony of,
Tipperary.
Ikeatht and Oughteraxy, Kil-
dare.
Ikerrix, baronv, Tipperary.
Ilane-a-green, Ballj-nakill.
Ilaun-an-upsig-usthig, Bishop's
Island.
Hen river, Cork co.
Illana-Earhach, .\rran Isles.
Imale, glen, Dououghmore.
Imlagh, Enily.
luimul, island, Ballindoon.
Ijiokilly, barony, Cork co.
Iraokilly Castle, Castlemartyr.
Inagh, river, Liscanor.
Inane, seat, Roscrea.
Inch, Dromcliffe.
Inch, Innismagrath.
Inch, Templeport.
Inchboffin, abbey, Cashel.
Inchenough, Riithcline.
Inchicrenagh, Ightermurragh.
Inchinappa, demesne, Killeskey.
Inchioveagh, Kiltoraght.
IxcHKjuix, barony, Clare co.
Ii.chiquin Tower,' Clonpriest.
Inchirourk-.More, Askeaton.
Im.lini..icnerin, Kilbrine.
luehmore. Deer Island.
Inchniore Ca.stle, Coolcraheen.
Inclimory, isle, Granard.
luchturk, Inelnnore.
Incliyana, isle, Cashel.
Inchycroan, isle, VVestme-.th.
Inchymore, Sligo co.
luisclothrann, isle, Ca-shel.
Inis-cluan, Castle-Couuell.
Inisfree, Donegal co.
Inisli-;ou,'lia, Burrishoole.
Inislidarus, Galway co.
Inislnia-crusna, BuiTishooIe.
InislmavoB, Galway co.
Inishratei
, isle, Ga
way CO
Inishtubride, Burr
shoole.
Inisbturk
Burrish
ole.
luishugh.
isle. Kiln
Inisli-m-k
n, Burri
hooie.
luisiuney,
TullaL'h.
biglev.
Inis-Sanie
r, Kiibai
■on.
iNXEL, Lonih. We.s
.m.^ath
Inner l,.-il
I-, l'.-li,,u
. n.
Innisak;!!
Innisl.. ,.
Inni.l,,,.
Innisbo:,,
.'...iy CO
Sh
Inuisbruin, Ballynakill.
luniscluan-ruadha, Ennis.
Innisdanrow, Ballindoon.
Innisdavoge, isle, Longford co.
Innisdoogan, Ballindoon.
Ixnisfallex, isle, Killarney.
Innis Glora, Kilmore-Erris.
Innis Gort, Westport.
Innisbire, Arran Isles,
lunishtoesk, Templecarue.
InniMnan, Ballindoon.
Inniskea, isles, Kilmore-EiTis.
Inuiskeera, Donegal co.
Innisloghlin, foriress, Maghera-
Innis Mac Durn, Donegal co.
Innismackilane, isle, Blasquets.
Innismaui, Arran Isles,
lunismanan, TuUaghobigley.
Innismore, Sligo co.
Innisuiore, island, Fermanagh CO.
Innismore, isle, Blasquets.
Innismore, isle, Lonjjford co.
Innisnebroe, isle, Blasquets.
Innisturk, Galway co.
Innistuskai'd, isle, Blasquets.
Inny, river, Dromod.
Inny, river, Longford co.
Innyard, seat, Fethard.
Inse, island, Sligo CO. m
Inshotin, lough, Desertmartin.
Insovenagli, Cork co.
Insula -Mventium, Corbally.
Inver-Colpa, Colpe.
Iraghticoxxor, briTonv, Kerry.
Irishtown, Ringsend. '
Irishtown, castle, Pahnerstown.
Iron, Lonqh ; \Vestm< a'l-.
Iron Pa..'i;.l:... !-. Ha!!-linan.
Irvan. 1 I , i: : : r: ,
Island, I , .: b.
Island, V. , •. : i ..■-. , ,M.
Islaudba«ii,oLiuii^.|..rU.
Island-Dowey, TuUaghobigley.
IslandEftVick, Coleraine.
Islanderry, Dromoie.
Island Shondela, Galway co.
Islands, baronv, Clare co.
Islannora, Ballindoon.
Isle Ruagh, Kilcoury.
Isles of Grelagh, Culdaff.
Isselyn, Boyle.
Iveagh Castle, Rostrevor.
IvEAGH, Lower, barony, Down.
IvEAGH, Upper, barony, Down.
Ivelagh, Cork co.
IvERAGH, barony, Kerry.
IvERK, barony, Kilk. ; :iy.
Ivoig, Lough, Bailyvourney.
Jack's Hole. Dunganstown.
Jackson Hall, Coleraine.
Jackson's Hall, Killowen.
Jaekson's Turret, Ballingarry.
James's Churches, Marshalstowu.
Jamts's Heap, Aunaduff.
Jamesto wn, m. lun tains, Kilquane.
Jamestown, scat of, CasiletoAu-
Kiadelane.
Jamestown House, Kilgobbin.
Jasper Island, Granard.
Jenkinstowu, seat, MajTie.
Jenny's Cairn, Teraplemore.
Jiggiustown, mansion, Naas.
John's Court, Carrigg.
John's Port ; Andrew's, St.
John's River, Waterford city.
John's, St., Point ; Killagbtee.
John's, St., Point, Dimdrum bay ;
Killough.
John's, St., Well ; Island-Bridge.
John's-Well, village, Rathcool.
Johnston- Fews,Newtown-Hamil-
ton.
Johnstown, seat, Rathccole.
Johnsto\vn Bridge, Cadamstown.
Johnstown Castle, Ratbaspeck.
Johnstown Park, Killodiernan.
Jordan's Castle, Ardglass.
Joyce's Country, Galway co.
K.
Kane, Lough, Fermanagh co.
Kates H.de, Lisc^irro;.
Katikern rock, Copeland Isles.
Kea, lough, R-.scommou co.
Keadeen, Donoughniore.
Keash, Tuniore.
Keelogues. Kildecamogue.
Keely, Coleraine.
Keenagh, river, Longford co.
Keeper, mountain, Killoscuily.
Keil, lough, Kiimacrenan.
Keinaile, lake, Abbeylaragh.
Kelgel, Anuagbdown.
Kells, ban.ny, Kilkenny.
Kells, Lower, barony, Meath.
Kells, Upper, barony, Meath.
Kellswater, Antrim co.
K..llvin,„,„t. .'shaiikill.
iv H ; :,_ , , ,:;.iogber.
K.-U,.ii...„ J.„„.j;,;eh,gh.
Kexalghx, b.irouy, Londonderry.
Kenbane Head, Antrim co.
Keulis, Kells.
Kenmare Castle, Hospital.
Kexmare River, Kerry.
Kennard, Caledon.
Keniiard, nunnery. Street.
Kennisharrock Point, Killala.
Kexry, barony. Limerick.
Kenure Park, Rush.
Kerdiffstown, Jolinstowu.
Kerehill, ruins, Kilmogauny.
KerUs, castle ; Langfield, West.
Keruaii, lough, Tullvlish.
Keruev Point, Ballypliilip-
Kerodii Point, Kimiure.
Keroe Islands, Baimow.
Kerramore, lake, Mayo.
Kerry Head, Ballyheigue.
Kekrycurrihy, barony, Cork co.
Kevin's, St. Bed, &c." ; Glenda-
lough.
Key, I.oiigh ; Beg-Innis.
Kiev, l,.iiiuli ; Kilbrine.
Kli"i,.M.',:,ini.Te7npleboy.
Ki.l Ishin.l, Kilcoiiimon.
Kiegall, l.av, l.itt.-rmuUin.
Kieran's, St., Abbey, Carlow city.
Kiern, Duleen,
INDEX.
Kilballvaaliiviii, BiUlingarry.
Killiallv„wi.ii, Alley.
Killi<;,'kv, su.1t, Moore.
Kill.lini-.'cMllp, Kilfnne.
Killn„,.i.t,v Mw, Kibricklll.
KM ■,K: -1 I' '« ■ r,,.„lMT, Uiip.-
Ki' ^. . : , i. ' .v.
, s. lit, t'n>.llelirack.
;n, ■lVn,,>K-t.uv,i.
s.:it, .\I..imt-Nugent.
;iM, I)i-s,i-isiri,n'3.
;iii, ViMinlinl-Arra.
in (distil-, Doncniile.
., r,r.,.s, Wl.ei-ry.
. ■ ^ I :,ill_vbunnian.
' ly, Galway co.
i ■• V. :■: . 1 ifi-iiv, Antrim CO.
k-oKin, .l.iiu'sne' StraJbally.
iLCoi'RSEY, barony of, in King's
CO.
ilc(nn-scy Castle, Charlestown.
Ifiea, i-.nstle, Desertmore.
k-iv.n, Kilkc.nny.
Ii-iiii^-, nii.untain, Kilflyn.
!..iih,«n, (ilanketii.
i.ci i.E.rs-, l.;,r..ny, Kildare.
li.-iislni;n'., Itallinciislane.
M:!v.r,... \,l,ill.
Kiiiii V iMi .MuoNE, barony of,
Kill-.i.nv, M„<lcIigo.
KiiKi NMt'olli.rii-9, Kilkenny CO.
Kii.K! \\v-\Ve.st, barony, West-
Kill.. n,n', Killofin.
Kilkirian bay, Galway co.
Kilkerran House, Rathbarry.
Kill, abbey, Moorgaga.
Kill, friarv. Kilmelchedor.
Kill. H-.U."Kilrivn.
:i::iu..-ui-y, killofin.
uiut, Uunsford.
iiiouastery, Carlnw co.
pper ; Templeichallv.
l':rm, >licllclon.
I\ I 1' i;, |MtitiiMila, Galway CO.
K J , Kilmoii..gue.
K ;' ; y. seat, Cahir.
Kill. :!, .|i:aiTies, Kene.
Kilicnl.r:a-k. castle. Killnre.
KiU-Knda, abbey, Arran.
Killenmore, Beuoiven.
695
ILLIAN, barony, Galway co,
illigar seat, Carrigallcn.
Ilimor Castle, Killiinore-Daly.
illinnre Castle, Bcnowen.
ilooriii House, Kiiiugo.
llo^liaiie, Knockanc.
Ili.iiv'li Castle, Geale.
llouu'lu-ainrorestjScat.Templc-
:l-li, liallin.
KilK^^■,,^^. ,-,-:! , Tallow.
KiLMAiN, barony, Mayo.
Kilmaine. Kilinainmore.
Kiliii:ik<(lv. Hallvadams.
i;i'in:iL. lit, .ii-ir:rt. Killcad.
Kill-, ■ . '•.• . : ,'.
Ki'iu.i: i^:i. cii..i.il, Killeskcy.
Kilma-luill, Nfwtown-Barry.
KIIma^.!l■.Kue, Whitecluirch.
Kilinessin, river, Meath.
Kilnibodain, abbey, Moydow.
Kilmii-liaol Piiint, Kilsorinan.
Kilni..aii, Whitci-liurch.
Kilni.r,% ctato. I.isronnRli.
Kil;!i..r Hi", li. I,,.', Tallow.
Kiln
I'.h-iff.
Kilniurrv, Kilseannel.
Kilmiin-y, seat, ColUinibkill.
Kilmuiry, scat, L'itriin.
Kilni'irrv lloiisr, Balliucuslane.
Kilnali.vrna, ■■hu. Mavo.
Kilna.aill.ill. K iitioragh.
r. Iiiiu'uslanc.
-. Voushal.
. Ardagh.
4 . i"-rt.
I, barony, county
Kiln. inanaKliAbbey,Ballysadere.
Kiliea, niansinii, Abbeylaragh.
Kili-cilagli, castle, Kilnaniartry.
Kilroan, Ballydeloher.
Kilronan, Drinagh.
Kilni.l.l.rv. s.at. Bniv.
lord.
Kiltaiiii, al.bi\, Kilconimon.
Kiltan..n, Tulla.
KiLTARTAN, baronv, Galway co.
Kiltiniiin, seat, Killeskey.
Kiltiiiane Castle, CKmniel.
Kilion^'a, Newtown-Ardes.
Kiltonis, lake, Ardani.
Kiltubrit, Tynan.
KUvedane, Kiliieboy.
Kilwarlin liglithouse, Castlebuoy.
Kilwee, Chapel of, Belfast.
Kiromage, seat, Roundtown.
Kimniersport, Ardglass.
Kiuaff, ruin, KilcoudufiT.
Kinale, lougli, Longford co.
KiNALMKAiiV, barony, Cork co.
Kinavalla, Ariaii.
Kinbane, castlo, R^moan.
Kineoe, castle, Aiigliaduwn.
Kiiidlcstown, ruiuD, Delgaiiy.
KiNELAiiTY, barony, Uowu.
Kinesliarrow, Kuukcy.
King Jolin's Castle, Buttevont.
King Jolin's Castif, Carlingford.
King Joliu'u Caatic, Limerick
King William's Glen, T.illyalleii.
King William 'a Kanipart,Finglaa.
King's Castle, Ardglass.
King's Cbaiiml, Waterford city.
Kit.,-. 11,,,.-,., . ; .i.iizod.
Kn:_- I !. : , , li.-k city.
Kii.- . wniarket.
Kill- - K. . : . iM ■ liny CO.
King'... .Sociii.l, I g Island.
Kingsborougli, Kilinactiany.
Kingsfort, castle, Killery.
Kingsforth, Ballyr.Tsliane.
Kingston, Clonbeg.
Ki.NosTON Cavern.*, Tcmpletcuny.
Kingston Lodge, Kiltcrnau.
Kingstown, sound, Omey.
Kinna, ruins, Mullingar.
KiNNALEA, barony, Cork co.
Ki.NNATALLooN, bai'ony, Cork co.
Kinturk, Ballyhane.
Kinturk, seat," Castle-Pollard.
KipruRE, mountain of ; I'owers-
Kii-ii~
.Andrew's, St.
Knapitan, seat, Ardclinis.
Knightsbrook, river, Meath.
Knigbtsbrook, seat, Lai-aeor.
Knightstown, \alencia.
Knock, nionasiery, Louth totvn.
Knock, ruins, Knockbreda.
Knockadoon, Aney.
Kiioekalla, Cbmdevadock.
Knoekaniany, Cloncha.
Knoekan, Banagher.
Kuockane, castle, Toomavara.
Knockane Castle, Templecroan.
Knockaneruoe, Moviddy.
Knoekantoha, Grenaugh.
Knockanure, hill, Kilconly.
Kiiockarley, river. King's co.
Knockatootiier, cairn, Larah.
Knoekawliii, bill, KilcuUeu.
Kuockbody, Stonehall.
Knockboy, mill. Skerry.
Knockbmck, Cloncha.
Knockbi-ack, Clonmeeo.
Knockbrogan, Kilbrogan.
Knockbrusli, bill, Castleknock.
Knock-Ca.llagh, Kildare.
KnocKclogbriin, Termoneeny.
Knockcunicreagh, Kilquane.
Kuockdrin, lake, Westraeath.
Knockdrin Castle, Rathconnell.
Knockelly. castle, Pepporstowu.
Knockendaragh, Donoughmore.
Knockeragli, Kilrush.
Knock-Eyen, Multifamham.
Knockfeigus Castle, Carrickfer-
gus town.
Knock ftrine, Limerick co.
Knickfiernha, Ballingarry.
Knocklodery Mountains, Kilsbi-
Knocklane, hill, Uaughley.
K.vucKi.oFTr, Tulloglimcelan.
Knockinajor, hill, Aluckalcc.
Knoekmaronii, Castleknock.
KnockmeleiloHu, LiBinure.
Knockmoan Castle, ruin. White-
church.
Knoekiuui-c, friary, Kilfrcc.
Kuockmoy, abbey, Ableykiiock-
inoy.
Knocknacrea, woods, Modrccny.
Knocknaroiika, Kilcaskin.
Knoekinigan-un, Movarla.
Knoeknagie.-, Nohoial-Daly.
Knoekiia::('tii], .\gliut>oll..gue.
Knock na-Giiiiie, Gr.ane.
Kiioeknaliua, castie of, Kilmorc-
Erris.
Knocknamace, Ettagli.
Knockiiarea ; John's, St.
Knockiiarca, glen of, Killaspic-
bro«n.
Knockmirea, mountain, Sligo co.
K.NOCK.MXNY, barcny of, Ferma-
Knockniiidss, Subulter.
Kno,konard, Cullen.
Knockpatrick, Shanagoldcn.
Knoek-R«bbiii,liill. Kins-ile.
Knockroe, hill. Abbey knuckmoy.
Knuckross, Wcstmeath.
Knockrour, Aghabollngue.
Kiiocksedan, river, Swords.
Knockshagowna, Ballingarry.
Knockshannaco.ilen, Clogheen.
Knocksliiban, Killucan.
Knocksogliy, Ballintoy.
Knocksowney, Tankardstown.
KNocKTOPnEB, barony, Kilkenny.
Knock-tuadli, Lackagli.
Knockusneach, Conragh.
Knock van-y, Youghal.
Knopouge Castle, Quin.
Knuckduve, seat, Rincurran.
Kyle, estate. Kilpatrick.
Kyle hill, Burros-iii-Ossory.
Kylemore, lough, Ballyuakill.
Kvrie Eleyson, Abbcv'
Labacally, Glanworth.
Labapatrick, Calier Island.
Labig Owen, Killaha.
Lachan Sehal, Kilkennv co.
Lack, Ballinvohir.
Laeka, mountain, Leitrim.
Lackeen Castle, Lorha.
Lacken, Duncormuck.
Lacken, castle, KilgiM--s.
Lackenduff, TempKomalus.
Ladle, The ; Gort.
Lady Rosse's Island, Fermanagh
Lady's Buttery, Cong.
Lady's Finger, Momiiigtcn.
Ladv's Island, lake, Wixlord co.
Lad'v's Well, Kilshane.
Lagan, river and vale. Antrim
CO. ; also Down, an.l Louth co.
Lagan Castle, Thoniastown.
Lagan navigation, Antrim co.
Lagan, village, Kilglass.
Lagore, seat, Rjitoath.
Laktfield, Dnimbeg.
Lakcfield, scat. Grange St. John.
Lake Head, Lisnaskea.
Lakelands, Sandvnu.nnt.
Lake Park, Den'^loss..ry.
LakeView, Aughadowu.
4 U -2
INDEX.
Lake View, Rosslea.
Lamb, isle, Kiilarney.
Lamb, rock, Dalkey Island.
Lambarton, mansion, Arkluw.
Lamberton Park, Maryborough.
Landscape, Whitechurch.
Lane, river, Kerry.
Langford Lodge, Killead.
Lanistown, Donabate.
Lausdowne Valley, Drimnagh.
Lany, river, Macroora.
Lara House, .\nnamoe.
Laragh, Ballibay.
Laragh, Glendalough.
Laragh, seat, Kilcock.
Laraghrill, Cioucha.
Larchfield, seat, Anahilt.
Larch Hill, Whitechurch.
Larch-Hill, seat, Kilniore.
Largy, deer-park, Agh.alureher.
Lai-k Hill, Coolock.
Laryban, B;illintoy.
Latoon, river, Kilnasoolagh.
Laugliermore, vale, Londonderry
Laune, river, Killarney ; likewise
Killorglin.
Lauragh, Kilbrogaii.
Lauragh, seat, Coolbanagher.
Laurel Hill, Errigal-Trough.
Laurel Mount, Fanlobbus.
Lavally, house, Stradbally.
Lavally, mountain, Rahan.
LeabaDearmid i Graine,Fenagh.
Leacrer, island. Calves Islands.
Leamonfield, seat, Knocknegaul.
Leamore, Newcastle.
Lean, Cape ; Kilballyhone.
Leap, village, Kilmacabea.
Lebros, shoal, Minish.
Legale, barony, Down.
Leek, Strabane.
Lee, River ; Cork co.
Lee, River ; Kerry.
Leenan, Head, Clonmany.
Legan Abbey, Moukstown.
Legananney, Drunigooland.
Legavannon, LondcudeiTy eo.
Leliys Point, Robertstown.
Leibe-na-cuhn, Kilkenny co.
Leigh, River ; Kerry.
Leinapolbouty, Lough of ; Clare
Island.
Leisster, Mount ; Carlow eo.
Leithmore, abbey, Rhode.
Leitrim, Donoughniore.
Leitklm, barony, Galway co.
Leitrim, barony, Leitrim co.
Leitrimbeg, Kilcaskin.
Leitrinimore, Kilcaskin.
Leix, abbey, Abbeyleix.
Lenia-vaddy,castle of ; Newtown-
Limavady.
Lemcou, castle. Skull.
Lemenagh, castle, Kilueboy.
Lemlara House, Ballycaraney.
Lemon, rock, Skelligs.
Lenan, Donegal co.
Lene, Lough ; Feighan of Fore.
Leney, bartjnv, Sligo.
Lennad.'i-;,', T.illvlisli.
Lei.nii, ,,.. V. l;,::,,. li.n.
Leoli^.; . , . I Jin.onev.
Lepi..T- 111 1. \r.ln:^.;._!.y.
Ltr, riv.i-, Kil.hu-e.
Lcrha, monastery, Abbeylaragh.
Leslie Hill, Derrvnoose.
Leslie House, Ba'llibay.
Letter, river, Templecarne.
Liccadoen Castle, Cahirniury.
Lick, castle, Kilcouly.
Lickev, Waterford co.
Liclash Castle, Clondulane.
Lietdrumai, see, Leitrim.
LiFFEY, river, Dublin co.
Lighthouse Isle,Copeland Islands.
Ligioneil, Belfast.
Limerick, Little ; Kilkevan.
Lindville, Blackrock.
Linen Vale, Armagh-Breague.
Linn Huachuille, Magheraliu.
Lintown, Kilkenny.
Lion's Tower, Galway city.
Liosnacoille Castle, Rathkeale.
Lisadaghearlagh, Fuerty.
Lisamoota Castle, Ballingarry.
Lisanour Castle, Loughguile.
Lisard, fort, Monaghun.
Liscaha, fort. Skull.
Liscrally, Clontead.
Lisdoonvarna, cistle, Kilmocn.
Lisdoune, abbey, Aughavea.
Lisdown, Eglish.
Lisdronturk, lake of, CaiTickma-
cross.
Lisduan, hill, Ballingarry.
Lisduffe, castle, Nogheval.
Lisfinny, castle. Tallow.
Lisgoole, abbey, R^ issory .
Lisgriffiu, castle, Kilmoe.
Lisheen, seat, Ballygriffin.
Lislaghtm, abbey, Kilnaughteu.
Lismacue, seat, Bansha.
Lismoiue, fort, Belfast.
Lismore Bawn, Carrenteel.
Lisnabin, seat, Killucan.
Lisnabrinny, Kilmeen.
Lisnacannon, Rasharkin.
Lisnacille Castle, Clounagh.
Lisnagade Fort, Scarvagh.
Lisnagalt, Ballyrashane.
Lisnagle, castle, Cahera.
Lisnamorrow, Woodsehapel.
Lisnarick, Ballyrashane.
Lisnaroe, lake. Clones.
Lisueg.ir, seat, Rathcormac.
Lisnegarvey, Lisburn.
Lisnegat, Templemartin.
Lisnisk, Ballyrashane.
Lisquinlan, Ightermurragh.
Lisrenny, Tallaustown.
Lissadell, Drumcliffe.
Lissadrone, seat, Lackan.
Lissan, seat, Cookstown.
Lissavigeen, fort, Killarney.
Lissenhall, Swords.
Lisserdowling, Teniplemichael.
Lissheen, hamlet, Arran.
Lissouter, Galway co.
Lissoy, Kilkenny- West.
Listress ; Cumber, Lower.
Listry, Kilbonane.
Liswatty, Ballyrashane.
Litteragh, district, Kerrv.
Little-Corkagh, Clondalliin.
Little Island, Ballynakill.
Little Island, Waterford city.
Littleton, river, Tippei-ary co.
Lloydsbiirough, seat of. Temple-
more.
Lodge, Drumlease.
Lod^e Island, TenipliTarne.
Lodge Park, Frcslilo.d
Lodge, The ; Kilciskin.
Luftus Hall, Il..,,k.
Loltii~ llili. K.li If V.
Lo^han. . l:. :n:,tll.
Lo-h .,-, ' ■ -.1 , .. ,-.
L.nnlani - 1 ., I - ,i,ii:i.,f,Butte-
I Longfield, seat, Forkhill.
Longford, barony, Galway co.
Longford, barony, Longford co.
Longford House, Dromard.
Long Graigue, Clongeeu.
Long Hill, Calary.
Long Range, Killarney.
Long Reach, Colpe.
Longstone, Donoughmore.
Long Stones, Kildare.
Longueville, seat, Ballyclough.
Loom, The ; Billy.
Loop Head, Kilballyhone.
Loscairue, seat, Ardmore.
Lotown, seat, Killucan.
Lot's Castle, Shruel.
Lough-a-Deel ; Mary's de Fore,
St.
Loughadian, Scarvagh.
Lough Allen ; See Allen, Louijh.
Loughans, village, Kildolhigh.
Loughanstown, Rathgraff.
Lough, Bar of ; Bannow.
Loughbawn, Aughnamullen.
LouGHCooTER Castle, Gort.
Lough-End, village, Kilronan.
Lough-Erritt, seat, Taughboyne.
Lough-Fea Castle, seat, Maghera-
cloouy.
Loughgill, Drumlease.
Lough-Glynu House,seat, Taugh-
boyne.
LouGHiNSHOLix, baroiiy, London-
derry.
Lough Island Reavy, Kilcoo.
Loughmacrory, lake, Termonma-
guirke.
Loughmogue, Dunlavan.
Loughraore, turlough, Mungrett.
Loughnacranagh, fort : Badony,
Lower.
Lough-na-Gaul, Ballingarry.
Lough-na-Ineli, Ballingarry.
Loughnamina, Kilfarboy.
Loughnavally, Conragh.
Lough on-Leighaghs, Enniskeen.
Lough Park, Castle-Pollard.
LoiGHREA, barony, Galway co.
Loughriescouse,Ne\vtowii-Ardes.
Loughry, Cookstown.
Loughseudy, Ballymore.
LouGHTEE, Lower, barony of,
Cavan co.
LouGHTEE, Upper, barony, Cavan
CO.
Louth, barony, Louth co.
Louth Hall, Tallanstown.
Lovers' Leap, Powerscourt.
Lowertown, hill, KilljTiian.
Low Island, Kildysart.
Lowry's Lough, Kildarton.
Lowville, seat, Fohenah.
Lua, lake, Inchegeelagh.
Lub.ack, stream, Kilmallock.
Lucanij, Kerry.
Luccni, Kerry.
Liiddejmiore, castle, Lmldenbeg.
Lugadii, Kerry.
Lngduff, Glendiloiigh.
Llggelaw, vale, Calary.
Lugnacuillagh, Leitrim.
Lugnafulla, Killasser.
Llgnaquilla, Rathdmm.
Lumford glen, Cloghei-.
Line, barony, Meath.
Lune, river, Kildare.
Lung, river, Mayo.
Lung, river, Ruscommon co.
LiRG, barony, Fermanagh co.
Lui-gagh, settlement of, Lttter-
Lurganculliagh, Cavan co.
Luttrell's Town, Clonsillagh
Lj-in, island, Ballindoou.
Lj-nfield, seat, Greane.
Lyons, Hill of ; Kildare.
Lyradan, Grenaugh.
Lyrath, seat, Blackrath.
M.
Maam, mountain. Mayo.
Maam Ina, Galway co.
Mac Allister's Castle, Ballintoy.
Mac Allistrom, castle, Tralee.
Mac Art's Fort, Belfast.
Mac Auliffe's Castle, Clonfert.
Mc Carthy's Duck, Killarney.
Mac Dermot's Castle, Kilbrine.
Macduff's well, Ballynakill.
Mc Geoghegan's Chair, Castle-
town-Kindelaiie.
Macgillvciddv's Reeks, heights,
Knockane.
Mackna, seat, Ballinasloe.
Macmine Castle, Cionmore.
Maemurrough, seat ; Ross, New.
Mic-na-ree, lake of, Carrickma-
Macn
, Lough
JIac Quillan, Agherton.
Mac Robert's Castle, at Bally-
clough.
Mac Sorley Boy's country, in
Antrim co.
Mc. Swme's Gun, Cloudehorky.
Maghan, lake, Westmeath.
Magharee, Killeiny.
Maghbhile, abbey of ; Moville
Upper.
Maghea, isle, Strangford.
Magherabot, barony of, Ferma-
nagh CO.
Magheragallan, Gola.
Magheralave House, Derryaghy.
Magheuastephana, barony, Fer-
managh CO.
Maghernahely, Camlough.
Miigherow, Drumcliffe.
Maghery, Tartaraghan.
Mugherybeg, spring, Kerry.
Maghrahughill, Ahoglnll.
Maghramorne, Glynn.
Maghullen, Galway co. '
Magio, abbey, Abbeydorney.
Maglen, Lough, Cnssmaglen.
Magonihy, barony, Kerry.
Magowna, seat, Kilnemona.
Maharabo, glen, Ballyduff.
Maher, village, Arran.
Maheraglass, priory, Kildress.
Maheranguna Point, Cloudeva-
dock.
Mahon, Waterford co.
Mahrc, castle ; Dysert.
Maiden Rock, Dalkey Island.
Maiden Rocks, Carncastle.
Maiden Tower, Colpe.
Maiden Tower ; Ross, New.
Maigue, river, Kilkeedy.
Main, river, Antrim co.
Maine, river, Kerry.
Malin Beg, Glencollumbkille.
Malin Head, Clonclia.
JIaloue, lands, Belfast.
Malpas- Bridge, Drogheda.
Mamore, Gap of ; Desertegney.
Manch House, Fanlobbus.
Mandubeagh, colliciy, Rathas-
peck.
INDEX.
Mmig, river, Kerry.
Mangcrton, iiiouiitain, Killamey.
Manniii bay, Galway co.
Mannistcr, hamlet, Arran.
MannoD, Donaghmoyne.
»Ian-of-War, Tlie ; Killamoy.
Manor-Chicliester, Poraeroy.
Manor-Hastings estate, Castle-
derg.
Manor House, Faulobbus.
Mantua, Sliankill.
Marble Hill, Ballynakill.
Margaret's Castle, Ardglass.
Marino Crescent, Clonturk.
Maritimo, villa, Blaekrock.
Markree, estate, Ballysaderc.
Marlav, Wliitechurch.
Mai-lfield, Ini
MarlKeld, Boyi
Marneen Castle, Cli
Mai-slialstown, Newtown-Barry.
Miii-shbniok, Cliarlcstowu.
Martin's Bank, Massereene.
Maryboroiuii, East, barony of,
Queen's co.
Maryiiorougii, West, barony of,
Queen's co.
Mary-de-la-1'onta, St., A givey.
Slary Geerane's Housejhcadl.ind,
Uunquin.
Mary Gray, mountain, Ardstraw.
Marymount, Urliiigford.
Mary, St., abbey, Annaglidown.
Mary's, St., Abbey ; Cloglieen.
Maryville, Kilworth.
Mary Ville, Youghal.
Masa, isle, Galway co.
Maslianaglass, Ahinagli.
Mask, lougli. Mayo.
Massereene, Lower, barony of,
Antrim co.
Massereene, Utpeb, bai-ony of,
Antrim co.
Massy Lodge, Galbally.
Matlock, rivulet, Mcllifont.
Matrix, castle, Rathkeale.
Mattock, river, Meath.
Maulagli, river, Kilmacomogue.
Maure, abbey, Myross.
May Park, Ballynakill.
Mayue, ruins, Mahonagb.
Mayo, Killeban.
Maze, The, Hillsborough.
Meadstowu Castle, Droniin.
Meares Court, Kathconrath.
Meeasquin, abbey, Agivey.
Meelagh, luugh, Kilronan.
Meelon, valley, Achill.
Meemlough Castle, Kiltora.
MEETtNG OF THE WaTERS, CaStlc-
macadani.
Melleray, Mount ; Cappoquin.
Melrose, scat, Fartagh.
Melvin, lough, Rossinver.
Menane Bridge, Tracton.
Mcuaun, bill, Achill.
Meneack, Cavan.
Merino, Kilmacomogue.
Merton Hall, Modreeny.
Merrignagh,Lou};h; Clare Island.
Merville, Clontarf.
Jlerville, Taney.
Mervyn, c-istle, Triilick.
MiDDLETUiRD, barouy of, Tippe-
MiDDt.ETHiRD, barony of, Water-
ford CO.
Milbui'n House, Coleraine.
Milkhaven, Sligo co.
Mill Bank, seat, Fermov.
Millbrook, Oldeastle.
Millea Chcan, bridge, Kilcloony.
.Millfort, seat, KiMianig.
Mill Glen, Old ; Tcmpleeorran.
Millniount, Banbridge.
Millmouut, Drummaul.
Mill Park, Banbridge.
Millpark, spring, Killofin.
Million, seat. Castle Plunkot.
Milltown, Camus-juxta-Mounie.
Milltown, Maghcralin.
Milltown, Tulla.
Milltown Castle, Cooline.
Mill View, Kilmallock.
Miltown, Iverus.
Miltown, Tullylish.
Miltown, castle, Uromiskin.
Miltown, castle, Rathconi-atli.
Miltown Ciistle, Rathaspeck.
Milverton, Holinpatrick.
Minard Castle, Castle-Gregory.
Minchitin, Templccarne.
Minegahane, Killury.
Minehead, Ardmore.
Mine View, Castlemacadam.
Miskush, mountain of, Kilaco-
nenagh.
Mitchel, Glasnevin.
Mitchelstown, seat, Castlctown-
Dclvin.
Mizen Head, Kilmoc.
Moan, island. Skull.
Muuiabif;, Tcmiilesliannon.
M ;i' .1 ' .1 ih _ii' . U^illvmore.
M. , I , : . K M-MII.'
Mobanian Manor, Mogorbane.
Moeklershill, village, Bricken-
Mogue's Well, St.; Ferns.
Mohawn, castle, Kilnasuolagh.
Mohawn HiU, Tomfinloe.
Moher, Kilmacrehy.
MoHiLL, barony, Leitrim.
Moige, fort, Kilcoman.
Moil, mountain, Lickbla.
Moista Sound, Kileommon.
Molana, Teniplemichael.
Molanfide's, St., Abbey ; Teniple-
michael.
Monacoghlan, Aghaboe.
MoNAGUAN, barony of, Monaghan
CO.
Mona Ineha, Corbally.
Monard, Whitechurch.
Monart House, Monart. •
Monaster-Cailliagh, Aney.
Monaster Ladizi, shoal, Kilmore-
Monaster O'Gomiagan, .A.bbey-
gonnagan.
Monasteroris Abbey, Castropetrc.
Monderhilt, Offerlane.
Mone, chapel, Kilbarrack.
Monca, village, Devenish.
Moneenai-ouga, Arran.
Mouegona, castle, Killuranc.
Monevullagh, Waterford co.
Monevduff, Dunaghv.
Mone\-fluch, foit, Kilerohane.
Moneyneiney, Dungiven.
Money-Point, Kille\Tnur.
Moneyreagh, Comber.
Money's Castle, Kilshanig.
Jlongiigh, river, Westmealh.
Monisternenagh, Manister.
Monkstown, Carnmoney.
Montallo House, ruin, Newtown-
Crommelin.
Montalto,seat, Maghei*aculraony.
.Monteen, Kilmalooda.
Mimtgcvclin ; Johnstown, St.
Montpelicr, Castle-Connell.
Monument Hill, Loghrca.
Moonbay colliery, Ballylinan.
Mounrudh, Dungarvan.
Moor, abbey, Kilkeevan.
Moor Hill, Kilwatemioy,
Moore Abbey, Monastercven.
Moore Bay, Kilfieragh.
Mooretield House, Morristown.
Moore Fort, Ballymoney.
Moore Hall, BurriKcami.
Moore Lodge, Finvoy.
Moore Park, Kilworth.
Moorcsfort, seat, Lattin.
Moorstown, river, Kilmelchedor.
More, Lough ; Errigal-Trough.
Morett, castle, Straboe.
MoRGALLioN, barouy, Meath.
Moriesk, DowTy.
Morley, mountains, TjTone.
MoR.NE, barony, Down.
Mome mountains, Down.
Mome Park, Kilkeel.
Moraine, castle, Teighshinod.
Morning-Star river, Athlacca.
Morrel, stream, Kildare.
Morris Castle, Kilmuckridge.
Morristow n-Lattin ; Connell, Old.
Mossgrove, Templemaitin.
ilosside, DeiTykeigban.
Mosstown, seat, Kilcommick.
Mosstown, seat, Killare.
Mountain Castle, Modeligo.
Mountain Lodge, seat, .\raiagli-
Breague.
Mountain Lodge, Kilbehenny.
Mountainstown House, Kilshine.
Mount-Alexander, Comber.
Mount-. \nne, Tallaght.
Mount- Anville, Taney.
Mount-Ash, fort, Louth town.
Mount-Aylmer, Croagh.
Mount-Bagnall, Ballyniascanlan.
Mount-Bayly, Faughart.
.Mount-Beamish, Desertserges.
.\lount-Bellew, seat, Moylough.
Mount-Browne House, Augh-
agower.
Mount-Butler, Corbally.
Mount-Campbell, Drumsna.
Mountcashcl, Kilfinaghty.
Mount Castle, Donagheady.
Mount-Coote, seat, Kilmallock.
.Mount-D'Alton, R^athconrath.
Mount-Daws, Alioghill.
1 >Iount-Dillon, seat, Lissonuffy.
! Mount-Druid, Ballintoy.
1 Mount-Eagle Loyal, Casileisland.
I Mount-Erris, seat, Boyle.
j Mount- Falcon, Ballina.
Mount-Hamilton, Killagnu.
; Mount-Heatoii. Corbally.
Mount- Irwin, T\-nan.
.Mouiii-Jen.nie, Harold's Cross.
Mouiit-Jessop, seat, Movdow.
.\l,.unl .John, seat, Xcwiastle.
.Mount-Joseph, Clondalkln.
Mounljoy Barracks, at Castle-
knock.
M.unijny Castle, Cliiioe.
Mountjoy Forest, Cappagh.
.Mount- Juliet ; Jerpoint, Cliurch.
.Mount Kennedy, seat, Newtown-
Mount-Kennedy.
Mount Ltiiister ; see Lfiiisttr,
Mount-Leinster, seat, Kiltennel.
.Mount-LoftHS, seat, Powcrstown.
Mount- Long, castle, Kilmonogue.
Mount-Luens, Baltiiiglass.
■league.
Mount MarV, Ballinaboy.
Mount-.Mamtey, Macroom.
.Mount-.Melhray, Cappoquin.
-Mountmurray, Poru«hangan.
Mount-Odell, Wliitechureb.
Mount-Oriel, Collon.
Mount-Pantlier, Clough.
Mount-Pliilip!<, Kilvolane.
Mount-I'leasant, Ballymackey.
Mount-Pleasant, Ballynakill.
Mount-Pleasant, Banbridge.
Mount- I'leHsant, Killaughey.
Mouni-I'li .i-:iMt. T'-mplemainin.
Mour.T-P,.. ','.,',, lu.rty.' '
Mouii' I'M V I: ssinver.
Moi;; I I 1 liik-on-Suir.
.M..u: ■ I: ;. ,„-aliill.
.Mo.,ir I.I,.-. ,. l;,,,li„i;addv.
Mouni-.-,a,Hl. 1, Lo.er-ame.
MoUNT-SuA>NoN, Castle-Connell.
.Mount-Stewart, Five-mile- town.
Mount-Stewart, seat of, Grey-
Abbey.
Mount-Trenchard, Lougliill.
Mount-Uniacke, Killeagli.
Moumc, river, Urney.
Moumtown, Kildavin.
Movanagher, cjistle, Kilrea.
Moy, abbey, Newtown-Gore.
Moy, river, Sligo co.
Moy, scat, Kilmanaheen.
Moyalbe, Carlow co.
Moyallen, Tullylish.
MovARTA, barony, Clare co.
MOVASHEL AND MaGDERADERNAV,
barony, Westmeath.
Moybeg, Kilcronaghan.
MovcAR.NON, barony of, Ros-
common.
MoYCASHEL, barony, Westmeath.
Moycashel, lands, Ardnoreher.
MoTCCLLEX, barony, Galway co.
Moydebegh, colliery, Queen's co.
Movdow, barony, Longford.
Moydrum Castle, Atbloue.
Moyenner, lands, BallygawUy.
.Mo'vFEXRATH, LowER,'Larony of.
Meath.
MoTFENRATB, UppER, barunv of,
Sleath.
Moygaddy, house, Moyglare.
Moygeelagh, Mogealy.
Moyglass, seat, Kilmore.
MoYuoiSH, barony, Westmeath.
Moyle, Newtown-Stewart.
Moylerg, Eastersnow.
Moylinny, manor, Antrim city.
Mo.>Tialvey, ruins, Kilmore.
I Moj-ne, river, Galway co.
Moj-ne, seat, Abbeyknockmoy.
: Moyola, vale, Londonderry co.
Mo'yrath Castle, Jonesborough.
MoJTath Castle, Kildalkey.
! Moyview, Castle-Connor.
i Muck, isle, Island-Magce.
Muckamore, Antrim co.
Muckna ; Johnstown, St.
, Muekn,«, lake, CasUe-Blayiuy.
. MicKROSs, demesne, Killanuy.
Muff Castle, Enniskeen.
Muff House, Faughanvale.
.Muglins, isles, Dalkey Island.
.Muilrea, monntoiu. Mayo.
Mulcaim, river, Donquin.
Muldowney, Malabide.
\ .Mulgrave Castle, New Ross.
Mulhussey Castle, KilcLan.
.Mullagha", ruins, Kili-usli.
' Mullaghalig, bill, Lea.
INDEX.
-Mullaghanish, Clondrohid.
Mullaghcaim, Cappagh.
MuUaghmast, Naii-aghmore.
Mullaghmore, Tydavnet.
Mullaha, seat, Rathkenny.
MuUahuna, Cavan.
Mullaraore, Coleraine.
Mullaslane, Drumgooland.
Mullavorna, monastery, Shruel.
MuUimast, Narraghmore.
Mullinashee, Ballyshannon.
Mullinhassig, Agliabollogue.
MrLLiNS, St., Lower, barony of,
Carlow CO.
MuLLiNS, St., Upper, barony of,
Carlow CO.
Mullins Wells, B^ilb-nakill.
Mullintra, Kiugseourt.
Mulloghnoney, castle of, New-
chapel.
Mullougli, Killencare.
Mullycarrie, Coleraine.
Mulnagone, Galloon.
Mulroy, bay, Mevagli.
Munfin, seat, Monart.
Muiishine, river, Kilcommon.
Mc.vsTEB, SocTH ; Kerry.
Munterlony, river, TjTone.
Slurlueh, Culfei^;li!rin.
Murluuyli bay, Antrim co.
Murphystown, TuUv.
Murragh, Wiiklow town.
Murrisk, Aughaval.
Ml-RRiSK, bar.iiiy, ilayo.
Murrougli, ruins, Oraninore.
Murus's, St., Bud ; Fahan.
Musgrave, Lake ; Bansha.
Mdskerry,East, barony of, Cork
CO.
Muskerry Ilane, Cork eo.
Muskerry-JIore, mountains of,
Maeroom.
Muskerry, West, barony of,Cork
CO.
Mj-nish, isle, Minish.
Mynishmore, Burrishoule.
RIvrtle Grove, Youghal.
Myrtle Ville, Tempiebready.
Myshell, demesne, JIagourney.
N.
Naas, North, barony, Kildare.
NiAS, South, barouy, Kildare.
Nagle's Mountains, Rathcormac.
Kaguata, Gahvay city.
Nahanaghan, lough of, Glenda-
lough.
Naiad's Point, Buncrana.
Nameena, I'mgli, Arranmore.
Nanny \\'ater, Meath.
Narragh, East, and Rheban,
barony, Kildare.
Narr.4GU, West, and Rheban,
barouy, Kildare.
N.arrow Water, Newry.
Narrowwater Castle, at Warren-
Natural Arch, Kilcommon.
Navan, Lower, barony, Mcnth.
Navan, Upper, barony, Meatli.
Navau Fort, Armagh city.
Neagu, Lough ; Antrim" co.
Neagh and Erne canal, co. Fer-
Neale Park, Kilmolara.
Neddrum, i.sle, Copeland Islands.
Nedcen, village, Keumare.
Needles, Howth.
Neid'a Point. Fahan.
Neir, river, Kilronan.
Neiss, cascade ; Cumber, Lower.
Nephin, mountains, JLayo.
Neihercross, barouy of, Dublin
NewbeiTy, seat, Carbery.
Newberry Hill, Coolock.
Newberry House, Kilshanig.
Newborough, Kilmonogue.
Newbridge, Donabate.
Newbridge, Kilbroderan.
Newbrook, Coolock.
Newbrook, seat, Robeen.
Newcastle, barony, Dublin co.
Newcastle, barony of, Wicklow
CO.
Newcastle, seat, Forgney.
Newcastle, seat, Ratlicore.
New Church, Aney.
Newfield, Burrislioole.
Newforge, seat, Magheralin.
Newgrove, Tulla.
New Hall, demesne, Killone.
New Harbour, Renville.
New Inn, district, Killane.
New-Inn, district, KnockgrafTon.
NewUmds, Tallaght.
Newmarket, manor, Clonfert.
New Park, BaUvsheehan.
New Park, En.atris.
New Park, Kilculliheen.
KilD
New,
■at, Mountrath.
Newpass, seat, Rutliaspick.
New Place, Killeek.
Newport, river, Killoscully.
New])ort House, Burrishoole.
Newry mountains, Armagh co.
Newry water, Armagh CO.
New-town, Banuow.
Newtown, Drumlease.
Newtown, KiUeban.
Newtown, Rathl'iu-nham.
Newtown, Rossraere.
Newtown, demesne, Earlstown.
Newtown, fort, Kilmacomogue.
Newtown-Anner, Clnnmel.
Newtown-Broi™, KiUedan.
Newtown Castle, Dronitrehy.
Newtown- Ellard, seat, (JoUa.
Newtowu-Gore, lake, Lcitrim.
Newtown House, Blackrock.
Newtown House; Margaret's, St.
Newtownloe, village, Newtown.
Newtown-Park, StiUorgan.
Newtown-Pery, Limerick city.
New Works, AJdglass.
Nineteen-mile House, Camallo-
way.
Nogliaville, lands, Nogbeval.
Nootka Lodge, Carlingford.
Nore, river, Kilkenny co. ; also
Queen's co.
Norelands, Jerpoint, Church.
North Bull, Clontarf.
North land Lodge, Drumglass.
Noilb-l'rison, Donouglmiore.
Ncthnn, h.-adiand. Kilnioe.
Nnerstnwn, Murni<;h.
Niigent's, Dungarvan.
Nun's Garden, Lambeg.
Nun's Island, Inclimore.
Nun's Island, Warreupoiut.
Oakgrove, demesne, Aliinagh.
Oakliampton, seat, Kihu-ralh.
Oak Island, Killarney.
Oakland, Innislonnagh.
Oaklands, seat, Kildress.
Oaklev, seat. Bright.
Oakly Park, Celbridge.
Oak Mount, Kilmeen.
Oak Park, Tralee.
Oak Park, seat, Carlow city.
Oakport, seat, Ardcarne.
Oaks ; Cumber, Lower.
Oaihnd House, Ardbraccan.
Oatlands, house, Kilmonogue.
Oatlands, seat, Castleknoek.
Obelisk Park, StiUorgan.
O'Counel, lough, Quin.
O'Donoghue's Prison, Killarney.
O'Donovans' Castle, Cruom.
O'Dorney, abbey, Abbeydnrney.
O'Duwda's-towii, village, Kilgar-
O'Fa'rreU's Rock, Cahirconlish.
Offalia, King's co.
Oghran, Coal-Island.
U'Grady, Lough ; Feacle.
O'Hara" Brook, Ballymoney.
Ohil. house, Kilglass.
O'Hill, castle, Laurencetown.
Olan's Cap, St. ; AghaboUogue.
Oldbawn, Tallaght.
Oldbridge, Donure.
Oldeastle, demesne, Meelick.
Oldcastle, seat, Killery.
Old Court, Bray.
Oldcouit, Skibbereen.
Old Court, Strangford.
Old-Court, mius, Molahiffe.
Old Court Castle, Terryglass.
Olderfleet, castle, Larne.
Old Head, Ringrone.
Oldstone, Templepatrick.
Oldstone, castle, Duuaghy.
Oldstone, village, Muckamore.
Oldtiiwn, seat, Naas.
Old Town, seat, Templeroan.
Ollitrim, Templeharry.
Omagh, barony, Tyrone.
Omai, Abinagh.
Omua, river, Fermanagh co.
Oneacliach, Cork city.
O'Neilland, East, barony, Ar-
magh CO.
O'Neilland, West, barony, Ar-
magh CO.
O'Nealane, Armagh co.
O'Nial's Court, Rath.
Oflylane, Armagh co.
Oonagh, lake. Clones.
Oon-na-glour, Wliitechurch.
OPHALV,EASTaud West, baronies,
Kildare.
Ora, mountain, Clogh.
Oran, casile, Oranmore.
Orehardton, house, Kilkenny.
O'Reilly's Island, Kilrouan.
Orgial, Armagh co.
Oriel Temple, Collon.
Orior, Lower, barony, Annagh
CO.
Oriok, Upper, barony, Armagh
Orland water, Carrickfergua.
Ormeau, seat, Kuockbreda.
Ormond, Lower, baruny, Tippe-
rary.
Ormond, Upper, barony, lippe-
rarv.
Ormond Quarry, Tullah..ught.
Orrery and Kilmore, barouy of,
Cork CO.
Ortnacullagh, Cavan.
Ossian's Grave, Chmcha.
Ossory, district, Kilkenny co. ;
also Queen's co.
O'SuUivan's Cascade, Killarney.
O'SulUvau's Country, Kerrv.
O'Sullivan's Punch-bowl, iii Kil-
larney.
Ougarnee, river, Clare co.
Oughter, Lough ; Cavan.
Ouler, lough, Glendalough.
Our Lady de Castro Dei, monas-
tery, Fermoy.
Ovens, Atlmowen.
OvocA, Vale of ; in Castleraac-
adam.
Oweuass, river. Queens co.
Owenbeg, river, Londonderry co.
Owenganuagh, Dunaghy.
Owenkellow, river, Tyrone.
Owenmore, river, Kilcommon.
Owenreagh, river, TyTone.
Owen's, St. ; Ballymore.
Owenvarra, Wexford co.
Ownamount, river, Longford co.
OwNET AND Arra, barony, co.
Tipperary.
OwNEYBEG, barony. Limerick co.
Ox Mountains, Sligo Co.
Oyster Haven, creek of, Kilmon-
ogue.
Pakenliam Hall, Castle-Pollard.
P^keuham's Fort, Killucan.
Palace, villa ; Ross, Old.
Palace Anne, seat, Kinneigh.
Palermo ; Connaught, Old.
Pallas, Tynagh.
Pallas, lough. King's co.
Pallice, Forgney.
Pallis, estate, Rosenallis.
Pallis Inn, Drumculhn.
Palmerston, seat, Naas.
Paps, mountains, Kerry.
Paradise, seat, Kilchrist.
Pardon Crosse, Swords.
Park, village, Learmont.
Park, The'; Killarney.
Parkanour, Castle-Caulfield.
Parkbawn, Inch.
Park-Gate, Templepatrick.
Parknafulla, remains, Minard.
Park View, seat, C'aslleknock.
Parlour, cavern, Ardmore.
Parlour, cavern, Kilcommon.
Parsoustown, Killeary.
Partree, Ballyovey.
Pass of Plumes, Ballybrittas.
Patrick's, St., Bridge ; Saltee.
Patrick's, St., Isle ; Skerries.
Patrick's, St., mills, Rathcooney.
Paulstown Castle, Kilmocahill.
Paynestown, seat, Carlow city.
Pembrokestown, Reisk.
Pennyburn, Templemoie.
Peppard's Castle, Donaghmore.
Percy Lodge, Tickillen.
Perrin Castle, Bullock.
Petersville, Moynalty.
Peterswell, district, Kilthomas.
Pettigo river, Fermanagh co.
Pherodagh colliery, Castlecomer.
Philipsburgh, Clonturk.
Philipstown, Lower, barony of,
King's CO.
Philipsxownj Upper, barony of.
King's CO.
Phinisk, river, Kilmolash.
PntENiX Park, Dublin.
Pickardstowu, Drumcannon.
INDKX.
Pleilmonf, Ballynin«caiilaii.
!■, Killwiicv.
fs, Ku,i.;l'.U.y.
^tiiti-, Whituchurch.
lio ; Li.i)elanJ Isles.
iiV, llillv.
■k ; Aiulrew's, St.
w;f.i T, Cork co. ; also
l!i:un'-s.T..wn.
I.ai.!;ru'lJ, Weat.
, Iiicli.
V, Uullylinan.
r.KT II.
I'olalhue.i e<:lUur
I'oliplicko, B.Myi
Pollaehccny Point.Clondevadock.
PollttKli lake, Cl.iiilfa.
IN.Iiia-oth, hill, Stmu-hall.
I'milcun Bi-iilgc, Tui-I.>uk1).
l>.,..iaai-i-.i-li, HallviusLiuov.
I'nrt, ivi.iK. D.sr'ri.
y'v' '■■'''! • ' ,,-Mnill.
iisoverick.
toy.
Puck's Ca.stle, Ratlimicliaul.
Pudiii I-slaii.l, Killoniluali.
I'lilliMi; llolos, An-.iii.
PiilUiidiva, 'r<iii|'li-lj<'y.
Pullinaslmiitiiia, Kilmorc-Erris.
Pulliiis, The ; lial!inti-a.
PuUoKheaiiv, crook, Kil^lass.
Piilpii, ThJ ; ca.stlu, Ai;lmdoo.
Piiiieli-lluwl, Tin: ; Ciort,
Purci-ir.s Hill, Mm-kak'O.
Punhsl.,ini,srat. Knockbreda.
Piii-.i..y t'asik', ]i,.ilyimkill.
l'uil>k-"M"Uiitaiii, Killaraey.
I'lirt, cattle, Abbcyfealc.
Pyrmont, seat, KiJuaugiitcu.
Dun
■luk.
Poitniore, cret-k, Ennistraliull.
Portmorc Castle, Balliudcrry.
Port-Muck, Island-JIagee.
Port-na-happel, Pvrtstewart.
Port-na-Spagiia, Billy.
PouTN EH I NCH,barony,Q,uecn's co.
Portiielligan, Tyuaii.
Port-Ninion, Copeland Islands.
Portnockan, luniskccl.
Portoneil, fort, Kilrca.
Portora, Rossory.
Port-Ramou, Copeland Islands.
Port- Rt-nard, castle, Abbeyleale.
Port-Usliet, Rathlin.
PosMXtown, seat, Nobber.
PottU raili, castle, Kilmanagh.
Poulakile, colliery, Queen's co.
Poulauislievy, inlet, Jloyarta.
Poi'L-A-Piii'cA, Ballymorc.
Poul-a-Tarr, Ballybacou.
PiaileMi..rli-. Tajlinion.
P,iuln:rvir!i-,'-:ahvayco.
Ponlnal.'iii;, Iniiisliannon.
Poul-Shane, Clondulane.
Priest Rock, Innisraacnaughten.
Priest's Burn, Templeniore.
Priest's Leap, Bunnawn.
Prince Rupert's Tower, Corkbeg.
Prior Park, Cloglipri.ir.
Prior's Isljmd, tcni])lecame.
Priors Wood, Coolock.
Priory, Templemure.
Priory, Whitccliurcli.
Prior'v, The ; Ncwiuai-ket.
Prohus, Clo.iar..hid.
I'l . - I, - :. ll-.vnstown.
\'v - I ! .1 ro>sboyne.
V, -■ • \ ;: 1. I^ariiahclv.
Publili- friary, Ar.lstraw.
PUBBLEBRIE.N, barony, Limerick.
Puck Rock, Ilowth.
6i)9
■r Island, Casliel.
Liti.wn, .Mnurnc.
L-bras, Dalkcv.
Isl uul, Bunrattv.
i-s F..rt,0 irk city.
II, crciU, Movarta.
Quoile, Uownpatrick.
Quosc, village, Galway CO.
RaM.it ^-l.^ Killarnoy.
ii;!|V' .1.^^^, ;.'\,^^:,;,,.,„y^
Kii.r.': v. ., i;,,iMiinu.
Kaiba Ca-tle, Athy.
Rainbow Bridge, Droraod.
Rakcnny, fort, Cootehill.
Raleighstown, Cahircomcy. .
Ralplisdale,demcsnc,Kilcumney.
Ra.nor, lake, Cavan.
Ramsfort, Gorcy.
Riinaghau, Dungannon.
Ranegeragh, Fennagh.
R.VNELAGH, Wicklow CO.
Raphoe, liaronv. Donegal.
Rni--. (■<•!.•, kllfvan.
i;.^ : : r i.pagh.
K 1 ^ . Kilmoon.
Kali, I . . . . -' ai, IviUossory.
HatlR-aiiiinn, Aililacca.
Rathcline, barony, Longford.
Rathcoffey House, Balrahan.
R.\THCoNRATH, barony, Wcst-
meath.
Rathcoole House, Dromin.
Raihcooney Hills, Cork city.
Ratlureenagh, castle, Lickbla.
Riith-Crnnhan, Elpbin.
Hathpown, barony, Dublin co.
Ratiuiowx, bamnv, Wicklow co.
Rath.lown, ca^tk.,'!' l.-at.y.
KathcW-l.ia- . li. :,.::■. .al.
Hath.-ii.lr: :., .-. , I :ain.
RalbLl-.m li . I : avne.
R.atll0S^al-. a, W --t . n.
Pxathf..lan.l. oastk-, Kih.asuol.-.gh.
Rathfran, Tenn<lemurry.
Ratligabbane, Tcoiplebodane.
R-ith-ljael lliinsc, Bangor.
Haih:;oiiln, rniucd castle, Kilbro-
Raihl-nnan, casllo, Kildaviii.
Kathlee Puiiit, KusK.'V.
Itithinore, Adarastuv.u.
Ralhmorc, castle, Manister.
Rathmorc, hill, Culluuikill.
Ralluniirc, seat, Rincurran.
Rathnallv, scat, Kilconlcy.
Rathiiaveuge, Dunkirrin.
Rathnci.-.ka, Collinstuwu.
Rath of Lara, Aghaboe.
Rathroe, castle, Kilfyan.
Riithrush, Tullow.
RatlLshelaii, Tacuniohano.
Rathsiward Ciustle, Caliirnarry.
Ratliugh, Rahue.
Ii;ithurlys, demesne, Kilruane.
Ratiivilly, barony, Carlow co.
Rathyark, quarries, .Mulrankin.
Rat island, Innisdadroni.
Ratoath, barony, Meath.
Ratope, castle, Kilkctdy.
Ratruvane, fort, Skull.
Ratteen, castle, Kiliucan.
Raughlin, seat, JloyntagUs.
Ravil, glen, Dunaghy.
Itavil, rive r, Antrim co.
Raven I'uiiil ; Margaret, St.
Raveiisdale P..rk, Jonesborougb.
Ravone, lands, Omagh.
Ra-will-cough Castle-Connor.
Red Ditch, KeiTy.
Rodesdalc House, Kilmacud.
Redgap, LVke.
Red Hall, Tomplccorran.
Ill,
Red l>].i
Rial Ma
i^caltlil
Itial i;i\ . r I . ; I ,;,|. rgus.
R, .! : all : 1 lououghmore.
i;. ,1 - l;a a Lr.r-gauboy.
R..1 -au,!. l: a;Ia.Ty.
Rcd-Tia.ut l.ake, Kuockane.
Redwood, Dorrah.
Ree, Loicn ; Cashel.
Reen.ard i'oint, Valencia.
Reendonagan, Kilmacomogue.
Reenellen, Valencia.
Reen Head, Castlehavcn.
Rea, lough, Louglirea.
Rea Islauil, Strangford.
Reagh Hill. Ballynure.
Recban, district, Raheny.
Red Abbey, Cork city.
Red Bank, oyster-bed, Abbey.
Red Castle, Clonenagh.
Red Castle ; Moville, Upper.
Redchair, pass, Kildorrery.
Regent House, Newtown-Ardcs.
Reginald's Tower, in Walcrford
city.
Reigiilig-na-loghduigh, Kilkenny
county.
Renard 'Point, Cahircivecn.
Renny, hou. Kilcuuimer.
Renval, Kilcommon.
Renville harbour, Ren>Tlle.
Reserk Abbey, Balliaakeery.
Reuta, Artrim co.
Rcwr-.nMie, Cork city.
Reynclla. M-at, RathcouncU.
Reynold's Tower, \\'aterfordcity.
Rhap.igue, ijuay, ililltown.
RliL-ban Caslle.' Athy.
Rhefeart, Gkndalough.
Rhmcrew, Tenipleiuichael.
Rhinesark, lUthmoyUn.
Rliynn, wat, Cloon.
Rian Uo-Padruic, LiHniorc.
Riehlield, H. at, Killag.
Richmond, heat, Monsca.
Richmond Ni:nucrv, Clonturk.
Richmont, Tcifhsh'iuod.
Riddlestown, IJiiiidonnell.
Ridge, The ; Queen's co.
Righban Caailc, Athy.
Rilickria-Riagli, Elphin.
RindiKart, Kilmacnuiogue.
Ring, Kilniacdonciigh.
Ring, village, Bnniahcly.
Ring, villag.-, Ringag(.nagh.
Ring, village, Tenipicoiualux.
Ringabclla, TractOD.
Ringfad, Ardglass.
Riiig-.Maiion Caslle, Blackcock.
Ringskiddy, Cove.
Ring Tower, Waterford city.
Ringville, seat, Ballygurruin.
Ringwood, seal. Rower.
Rinoreen Point, Sligo co.
River Lawn, mill of, Castlc-
Connell.
Rivcrsdalc, seat, Galbally.
Rivci-biield, KilniaMock.
Rivcrston, seat. Rath.
Rivcrsiown, Curofiu.
Rivcrstown, Tcmpleusque.
Rivcrstonn Castle, Taragh.
Roan Hill, Killyman.
Roancamg rocks, Cappanacoss.
Roaring- Water Bay, Skull.
Roba monastery, Balliurobc.
Robbere' Caves, Killeakey.
Robe, river, Mayo.
Robe Villa, Ballinrobe.
Roberts' Cove, Ballyfoil.
Rob's- Wall, castle, Portmamock.
Roche Castle, Roach.
Roches, Castle of ; Naul.
Roche's Tower lighthouse, Cork-
beg.
Rochcstown, Ballygurrum.
Roclicstown, Tera)iletrine.
Rochfort House, Moylisker.
Rochfortstown, Cork city.
Rock, village, Descrtcreight.
Rock Angus, Strangford.
Rockbarton, Glenogra.
Rockboniugh, seat, Macroom.
Rockbrook, Balljiiakill.
Rock C^tle, InnishannoD.
Rock Castle, Donoughmore.
Rockcastle mills. Ballymoney.
Rock Cottage, Myross.
Rocktield, demesne, Ardcanny.
Rockfiild, qu.arrie8, Nobber.
Rnckfield, seat, Modeligo.
Rockfl-et, castle, Mayo.
Rockforcst, Corbally.
Rockforest, seat, Kilkcedy.
Rockforcst, seat, Raban.
Rockfort, seat, Fahan.
Rock-Hill, seat, Lcck.
Rock House, Ballinadec.
Rockingham House, Ardcame.
Rockland Hall, Maudlintown.
Rocklcy Park, Fuerty.
Rock Lodge, seat, Carrigrohan-
beg.
Rocksborough, river, Midleton.
Rocksiown, Chmmany.
Rock.stown Ca.stlc, Fedamore.
Rock, The ; Tei-monmaguirkc.
Rockvalc, casile, Kilkcedy.
Rockvale House, Moume.
Rockview, seal, Relickmurry.
RockvUle, Tully.
INDEX.
Rocky bay, Ballyfoil.
Roddens,"seat ; Andrew's, St.
Roe, river, Londonderry co.
Roe Park, Tamlaghtfinlagan.
Roesborougli, Tipperary town.
Rogersto^-n, quay, Lusk.
Rokeby Hall, Marlinstown.
Ronayne*s Island, Killaruey.
Rookwood, seat, Atlileague.
Rootstown Castle, Stabaiinon.
Rosala, mountain. Abbey.
Rosanna, seat, Rathnew.
Rosapenna, Tullaghobigley.
RoscoMMO.N, barony, Roscommon
CO.
RosEGARLAND, Ballylennan.
Rosemount, seat, Grey Abbey.
Roseville, seat, Fahan.
Rosrua, peninsula, Galway co.
Ross, Thomastown.
Ross, barony, Galway co.
Ross, church, Kilballybone.
Ross, isle, Killamey.
Ross Abbey, Headford.
Rossagh, Doneraile.
Rossamerv, church, Killamery.
Rossbegh," Glenbegh.
Rossbrin, castle, Skull.
Rossburkie, isle, Killarney.
RosscLOGHER, baroHv, Leitrim.
Rossclogher, castle, Rossinver.
Rossduff Castle, Cullumkill.
Rossenarre, Kilmoganny.
Rosserick, Ballisakeery.
Rosses, Donegal co.
Ross Ferry, Kilcommon.
Rossgail, Fermanagh co.
Rossgul, peninsula, Mev.Tgh.
Rossharbor, Templecarue.
Rosskugh, Forkhill.
Rosslands, seat, Kilmina.
Rosslee, castle, Easkey.
Ross Lough, Galway co.
Rossmactreoin ; Ross, New.
Rossnianagher, Fennagh.
Rossmead, Castletown-Delvin.
Rossmore, river, Newcastle.
Rossmore, river, Woodford.
Rossmore Castle, Durrus.
Rossmore Park, Mnnaghan.
Ross River, Kilkenny co.
Rossroe, castle, Kilmurryuegaul.
Rostellan, seat, Cloynie.
Ross-Temple, Atlilacea.
Roughan, Donoghenrv.
Roughfort, Desertogbill.
Rough Point, Cioiukliorky.
Roughtv, river, Kerrv.
Round Hill, Lismorc.'
Roundstone, village, Moyrus.
Route, Antrim co.
RoVAL Canal, Dubhn co.
Roxboro', demesne, Killinane.
Roxborough, seat, Caliirvally.
Runevad Point, Clonclia.
Rusbrook, Coleraine.
Rush, stream, Tamlaglitfiulagan.
Rushall, Offerlane.
Rushen, Templecarne.
Rusk & Ram, The ; Donaghmore.
Ruskey, Carlingfonl.
RussBOROUGH, Blessin;;ti)n.
Rye Court, seat, Moviddv.
Rye-Vale, Leixlip.
Rylands, estate, Newtown -Barry.
Ryves-Castle, Batlyscadane.
Sadlier's Wells, Tipperary.
Saiger, Kilkenny.
Saint John's ; see Jvlin^s, St.
Saints' Island, Bunratty.
Saints' Island, Templecarne.
Saleen, village, Garranekenefick.
Saleen Patch, Kilgorman.
Sallow-Glen, Kilnaughten.
Sallymount, Feighan of Fore.
Sally Park, LiscaiTol.
Salterbridge, seat, Lismore.
Salt Hole, Templecorran.
Salt, Lough ; Kilmacrenan.
Salt, North, barony, Kildare.
Salt, Soi'ih, baronv, Kildare.
Salterstown, BallindeiTV.
Saraore, lough. Mayo.
Samphire, islets. Spa.
Sandford's Court, Rathcool.
Sandville, seat, Fedamore.
Sandy-Hill, seat, Macroom.
Sapperton, seat, Kilwatermoy.
Sarsfield, Templeusque.
Saulsford bridge, Haroldstown.
Saunderscourt, demesne of, Kil-
patrick.
Saunders Grove, Baltinglass.
Saundei-s Park, Cliarleville.
Sawil mountain ; Badony, Lower.
Scagh, inlet, Moyarta.
Scaghard, Isertlaurence.
Scall, Lough ; Annascall.
Scalp ; Fahan, Upper.
Scalp, bay, Killanin.
Scalp, pass, Kilternan.
Scamegeragh, Donagh.
Scarawalsh, barony, We.xford
Scariff, river, Clare co.
Scarlets, shoal, Kilfentinan.
Scartana, Cahir.
Scarteen, village, Newmarket.
Scarvaherin Abbey, Ardstraw.
Scattery Roads, luniscattery.
Scillies, river, Devenish.
Scordin's, St. Well ; Killough.
Scorthonac, stream. Blarney.
Scotch Point, Lambay.
Scotstown, Tydavnet.
Scraba, lake, Arvagli.
Scrabo, Newtown- Ardes.
Screen, abbey, Tamlaghtard.
Screevenamuck, Sligo co.
Screggan Hill, Lynally.
Scribblestown, Castlelmock.
Scripplestown, Casileknock.
Scullabogue, house, Newbaw-n.
Scur, Lough ; Kiltubrid.
Sea Court, seat, Bantry.
Seafield, Kilmurry-Ibrickane.
Seafield, seat, Ballylaneen.
Seafield, seat, Kiltennel.
Seafin Castle, Drumballyroney.
.Seafin Castle, Kilconeran.
Seal Hole, Lambay.
Seals' Hole, Templeboy.
Seamore Lodge, Newcastle.
Sea-Mount, Malahide.
Seamount, seat, Burrishoole.
Seanbotha, Tenipleshanbo.
Sea-Park Court, Malahide.
Seapatrick, Banbridge.
Seapoint House, Blackrock.
Seatown Castle, Swords.
Seechon, Dubhn co.
Seefin, Dublin co.
Scefinane, Dublin co.
Seir-Keran, Kilkenny city.
Seneschalstown, Painstown.
Serpent Rock, Drumcliffe.
Seudy, Lough, Westmeath.
Seven Church Island, Cashel.
Seven Churches, Clonmacnois.
Seven Chdrches, Glendalough.
Seven Heads, Lislee.
Shallee, castle, Kilnemona.
Shan-a-Court, Carrigg.
Shanagary, Kilmahon.
Shanbally, castle, Rathcomiac.
Shanbally Castle, Shanrahan.
Shanbuee rocks, Ardfield.
Shandon, Dungarvan.
Shandon Castle, Cork city.
Shane Castle, Coolbanagher.
Shane House, Maryborough.
Shane's Castle, Drummaul.
Shang.Tnagh, Rathmichael.
Sha.md, barony. Limerick co.
Shanid, castle, Kilmoylan.
Shankill, castle, Rathmichael.
Shannon, river, Cavan co. ; also
Clare co.. Limerick co. and
city, and Roscommon co.
Shannon Grove, Ardcanny.
Shannon Vale, Kihiagross.
Shannow, rivulet, Kiltlyn.
Shan Oge's Island, Westmeath.
Shanogh, castle, Templeroan.
Shantavny, mountain of, Errigal-
Kerogue.
Shara Castle, Straboe.
Sharahane, Offerlane.
Sharavogue, mansion of, Kilcole-
man.
Shark, lough, Loughbrickland.
Shaw's Lough, Loughgilly.
Shean North, Tnnismacsaint.
Sheelin, lough, Mount-Nugent.
Sheemore, hills, Kiltoghart.
Sheepford, Stabannon.
Sheep Haven, Clondehorky.
Sheep Hill, seat, Castleknock.
Sheep's Head, Kilcrohane.
Sheestown, demesne, Kilfeara.
Sheffrey, mountain, Aughaval.
Shelburne, barony, Wexford co.
Shellin, lake, Cavan.
Shell-.Martin, Howth.
Shelmalier East, barony, Wex-
ford CO.
Shelmalier West, barony, Wex-
ford CO.
Shelton Abbey, Arklow.
Shenachabine, Kilcommon.
Shendela, isle, Galway co.
Shene Hill, Scariff.
Shenex, isle, Holmpatrick.
Shiell's Well, Templeshannon.
Shillelagh, barony of, Wicklow
CO.
Shille'logher, barony of, Kil-
kenny.
Shillgray Wood, Caslle-Dawson.
Sliippool, castle, Leighmoney.
Shiven, river, Killararan.
Shodie, Lough ; Ballymore.
Shore, Lough ; An-anmore.
Short Castle, Knockane.
Slirahikerne, Tullainore.
Sliran, hamlet, Arran.
Shrove Head, Londonderry city.
Shruel, monastery, Abbeyshruel.
Shrule, river. Mayo.
Shurock, seat, Ballvloughloe.
Sillan, lough, Sheicoek.
Silnamchia, Galway co.
Silver Arm, Westmeath.
Silver Hill, Donegal co.
Silver Park, Stillorgan.
Silver River, Durrow.
Silver Stream, Carrickfergns.
Simmons Court, Donnyl rook.
Sinone Castle, Ardmayle.
Sion Castle, Coolbanagher.
Sion Hill, Garvaghy.
Sirmount, Athnowen.
Six-mile-water, Antrim co.
Skeagh, hill, Rathconrath.
Skean, lough, Kilronaii.
Skeogh, Dromore.
Skerries, isles, Ballynillin.
Skiheenarinky, Clogheen.
Skreen, barony, Meath.
Skye, lough. Mayo.
Slabby mountain, Fermanagh co.
Slack's Grove, Tvdavnet.
Slade Castle, Hook.
Slane, Lower, barony, Meath.
Slane, Upper, barony, Meath.
Slanet, river, Carlow co. ; also
Wexford co.
Slaney Park, Baltinglass.
Slaught-Mauus; Cumber, Lower.
Sleabea, Errigal-Trough.
Sledy, castle, Modeligo.
Slemish, mountain, Racavau.
Sliddery Ford, Kilmegan.
Sliebh Phelim, Abmgton.
Sliebuoy, hill, Rathgraff.
Slielmargy, territory of, Carlow
Slievardagh, barony, Tipperary.
Slieveaeluyu, Roscommon.
Slieve-Anee, Dunaghy.
Slievean-irin, Leitrim.
Slieve-an-oir, Galway co.
Slievebaughta, mountains of,
Galway co.
Slievebawn, Clonfinlogh.
Slievebeagh, heights of, Mona-
ghan.
Slieve-Bingian, Kilcoo.
Slieve-Bloom, mountains of, in
Queen's co.
Slieve-Buck, Roundwood.
Slievebuy, We.xford co.
Slieve-Conn, Bohola.
SUeve-Croob, Down.
Slieve-Curkagh, Roscommon.
Slieve-Donard, Kilcoo.
Slieve-Elva, Rathbourney.
Slieve-Gadoe, Donard.
Slieve-Gallion, Lissan.
Slieve-Galry, Moydow.
Slieve-Glagh, Deim.
Slieve-Grian, Kilkenny co.
Slieve-Grine, Riugagonagh.
Slieve-Gcllion, Killevey.
Slieveilva, mountain, KiUnoon.
Slieve-Kieltre, Whitechurch.
Slieveleague, Glencollumbkille.
Slievemargue, barony. Queen's
CO.
Slieve-Mish, Kerrv.
Slievemore, hill, AchiU.
Slieve-na-boil-tiougli, Kilmegan.
Slieve-na-Gridel, Bailee.
Slievenahera, Clogh.
Slieveuakill.i, Cavan co.
Slieve-na-hit, Castlewellan.
Slieve-na-nian, Tippei-ary.
Slieve-na-muck, Tipperary.
Slieve-Phelim, Tipperary co.
Slieve-Reagh, B:illiugarry".
Slieve-Rnssell, Tomregan.
Slieve Snaght, Don.igh.
Slieve-True, Antrim co.
Sluggan, Termonmaguirke.
Sluice Lsland, Limerick city.
Slushill-quarry, Aghalurcher.
Slyne Head, Ballindoon.
Small-County, barony. Limerick.
Smerwick, Kerry.
INDEX.
Siuiilistowii, eastic, Kilslinnny.
Siiipcsfortli, BBll)i-aslianc.
Suugborou(!li, Uououglimore.
Sod Fort, Culry.
Solsborough, seat, Clone.
Soniorville, seat, Kentstowii.
Sonim, district, Kilbixy.
Sonna, scat, 'I'l niiileoran.
Siiutli Hill, seat of, Castletowii-
Delvill.
Soulli Rock, Slane.
South Rock light, Castlchuoy.
Southwark, Newry.
Sovereign's Isles, Kilmonoguc.
Spa Mount, Ardstraw.
Spanish Point, Kilfarboy.
Spencer Farm, Rathangan.
Spcrcen, mountains of ; Uadony,
Lower.
Spire Hill, Portarlington.
Spital Hill, Timoleague.
Split Hills, Newtown.
Springfield, Slaghei-alin.
Springfield, Templetogber.
Springfield, seat, Kilteman.
Springfield Castle, Killaliatlian.
Spring Hill, Ardtrea.
Spring-Hill, mills, Rathcooney.
Spring Hill, seat, Moneymore.
Springmount, Dungarvan.
Spring Vale ; Andrew's, St.
Springvale, Kildorrery.
Spruce- Hill, Corbally.
Spur-Royal Castle, Augher.
Spy Hill, Great Island.
Spvnan's, Wicklow co.
Squire Carn, Culdaff.
.Squire's Hill, Belfast.
Stackpoole, Clonlea.
Stack's Mountains, Kileummin.
Stagdale, seat, Galbally.
Stag Island, Kilbrine.
Stagsof Broadhaven, Kilcommon.
Stags, The, rocks, Castlthaven.
Stags, The, rocks, Corkbeg.
Stagstown Hill, Whltechurch.
Stiiigue Fort, Kilei-ohane.
Staplestown, Ballinacan-ig.
Staplestown, Skibbereeu.
Station for Audience, Killaniey.
Station Island, Templecarne.
Stedalt, house, StamuUen.
Stepaside, village, KUgobbin.
Stephenstown, seat, Louth town.
Stewart Hall, Stewai-tstown.
Stokeen, Kilmaerchy.
Stokestown, Whltechurch.
Stonebridge, Clones.
Stonehall, seat, Kilconry.
Stonchall, seat, Kilcoman.
Stoneville, seat, Xantinan.
Stookans, hills, Billy.
Stormount, seat, Boystonn.
.STR.IBANE, barony, 'TxTone.
Straboy Castle, Ahoghill.
Strabregagh, loch, Cloncha.
Stradballv, barony. Queen's co.
Straid, Bnnagher.
Stranahely, Donoughmore.
Stranam, river, Louth co.
Strancally, mansion, Kilcockan.
Stratford Lodge, Baltinglass.
Strawberry Hill, Gallen.
Straw Island, Arran Isles.
Stre.irastown, b.iy, Oniey.
Streanistown Castle, Closhan.
Vol. II.— 701
Stuadhraicin, Ballingarry.
Subtach, stream, Kilbredy Minor.
Suck river, Galway co.
Sugar- Loaf, Rei.sk.
Sugur-Loaf, Wicklow co.
SiigarLoaf, mountain, Kilcaskin.
.SiiR, river, Kilkenny co. ; also
Tiiiperary co.
Suir Castle, Athassel.
Sulchoi Pass, Grcane.
Sullane, river, Ballyvounicy.
Sulla-Tober, stream of, Carrick-
fergus.
Sumnicrficld, Duiidonald.
.Sumnierhill, Drumclitt'e.
Summer Hill, liiuiisktrry.
Summer-Island, seat, Loughgall.
SuminerviUe, Kilcoman.
Sunday's Well, Cork city.
Sun-fish Bank, Mayo.
.Sun Lodge, Little Isl.iud.
Sunville, seat, Particles.
Sutton, Howth.
Sutton's Parish, Kilmokca.
Swainstown, seat, Kilinessan.
Swellan, lake, Cavan city.
Swift'e-Brook, mills, Saggard.
Swillan, lough, Shcrcock.
SwiLLY, river and lough, Donegal
CO.
Sybil Head, Dunurlin.
Sygansaggard, Coolstuffe.
Syganstown, castle, Tacumsliane.
Table Mountain, Donoughmore.
Tagart Island, Strangford.
Tailors, rocks, Lambay.
Talbot Hall ; Ro&«, New.
Talbotstown, fort, Kilranelagh.
Talbotstow.n, Lower, barony of,
Wicklow CO.
TiLDOTSTOWN, Upper, barony of,
Wicklow CO.
Tall water, Armagh co.
Tallough, seat, Tinteni.
TalljTatly, Ballyculter.
Talt, Lough ; Kilmacteigue.
TankardstowD, seat of, Gemons-
Tankersley, seat, Preban.
Tanragoe, Dromard.
Timvally, fort, Anacloan.
Tappahan, mountain, Fermanagh
Tar, river, Newcastle.
Tara, river, .\rmagh co.
Tara Hill, Witter.
Targoll, Fermanagh co.
Tamiacady, Ballyovey.
Tarmon, Innismagratb.
Tamion, Stradbally.
Tarmon, pier, Kilmore-Erris.
Tavanagh, castle, Kilmoylan.
Tay, river, Waterford co.
Tay, Lough ; Calary.
Teaehtemple, Kilvamet.
Teaghboyan, abbey, Churchtown.
Teampul-na-Glauntane, in Mone-
gay.
Tcampul-na-Hinghine-bugdhe, in
Mouegay.
Teampulnaskellig, Glendalough.
Teighmolin ; JIullins, St.
Temore, village, Arran.
Tempeil-Brecain, Arran.
Templeastragh, Ballintoy.
Templebodeen, Bruff.
Teniplecarrig, Delgauy.
Temple-Cro»8, Kilbixy.
Temple-Faughnan, Rosscarhery.
Temple Hill, Carrigrohanebeg.
Temple House, Kilvamet.
Temple-Maccatccr, Anlnorcher.
Templemichael, church, Kilbride.
Templemuircguiedan, Morgans.
Temple-Mungrett, Mungrett.
Teinpleoguc, Rathfamham.
Temi)leoran, church, Killaraght.
Templepatrick, Caher Uland.
Templepatriek, ruined fortress.
Teniilirainey, church, Kilbride.
'rtniiile Roe, Fedamore.
Tenipk shannon, Enniscortliy.
Temple-Stran, Kilkedy.
Templetown, Carlingford.
Templevallcy, Mogealy.
Tennelick, Tashinny.
Terenurc, seat, Rouniltown.
Tcrsington, seat, Painstown.
Tervoe, seat, Kilkecdy.
Tcssagh, cemetery, Kcady.
Thaiscogh, Kihicboy.
Theatre, The, colonnades, Billy.
Thomas's St., Abbey ; BaUybeg.
Thomastown Castle, Philipstown.
Thomoish, mountain. Mayo.
Thomond- Bridge, Limerick city.
Thosiond, Kmgdom of; Clare
Thonalagee, Glendalough.
Thorla, residence, Tintern.
Thornhill ; Connaught, Old.
Three-Calves, island, SkuU.
Three-Castle Head, Kilerohane.
Three Castles, Blessington.
Three- Castles, seat, Odogh.
Three Islands, Duneane.
Three-Rock Mountains, m Kil-
Thrce Rocks mountain, Forth
Jlountain.
Three Sisters, Dunurlin.
Thrce-Trouts, river, Kilcoole.
Tier Mac Bran Castle, Rath.
Tiemey, St., manor, Clones.
Tierovane, castle, Killurane.
Tig Vourney Geerane, Donquin.
Timogue, demesne, Stradbally.
Timon, castle, Tallaght.
Timony, seat, Corbally.
TinakeUy, Upper ; Rathncw.
TiNXEUiNCH, barony, Queen's co.
TisNEHiNCH, seat, Powerscourt.
Tintem Abbey, Tintera.
Tinvane, seat, Carrick-on-Suir.
TiRAGHRiLL, barony, Sligo.
TiRKEERAN, barony of, London-
derry.
Timony, Killelagh.
Tivacoiiway, Tamlaghtocrilly.
Toaghriny, Armagh co.
Tobberai-a, well, Kilberry.
Tobemiurrv, Caher Island.
Tobinstomi, Rathvilly.
Todd's Leap, Errigal-Kerogue.
Toe Head, Castlehaven.
Toemonia, Tulsk.
Tofflit-r Castle. Fanlobbus.
Toh. 1-1 ....::... K;;i...ily.
Tolka, Dublin co.
ToUymore Park, Brj-ansford.
Tombeola, monasterv, Moyras.
Toomalinc House, D\>on.
TooME, Lower, barony, Antrim
TooME, Uppeb, barony of, Antrim
CO.
Topped mountain, Fermanagh
Toragh, river, Youghal.
ToRC, lake and cottage, Killamcy.
Tomant, Dunlavaii.
Tor Point, Culfeightrin.
Tory Hill, Croom.
Tory Hill, Kilkenny co.
Tossct mountain, Fermanagh co.
Tottenham Green, Koretown.
Ton, scat, Tyrrell's- Pass.
Tourecn, isle, Youghal.
Tourin, seat, Lismorc.
Toumiore, Kilmoc.
Tower-Hill, Towaghty.
Tower, The, Ardglass.
Towers, The, Kilmallock.
Towcrmore, Skull.
Townley Hall, Tullyallcn.
Town View, Tinahcly.
Trabolgan, seat, Corkbeg.
Tradree, Clare co.
Treasure Castle, Douglas.
Trigon, muie, Castleniacadam.
Trihogue, river. Queen's co.
Trinity Island, Kilbrine.
Trinity Island, Kilmore.
Tristemagh, priory, Kilbixy.
Trostan, mountain, Layde.
Trough, barony, Monaghan.
Triouexackmv, Kerry.
Trummery, XIagheramesk.
Tuath-Mumhan, Clare co.
Tubberbracken, Stradbally.
Tubberdony, Richardstown.
Tubbermang, Castleisland.
Tubbernecarig Rock, Lcskin-
fere.
Tubber-Phadric, Donagh.
Tubber-Phadrig, Dungiven.
Tubberroe, abbey, Kilcroan.
Tubbrid-na-Draoith, Clontubrid.
Tulfarris, seat, Boystown.
TuUabeg, college, Rahan.
TiLLAGu, Lower, barony, Clare
TiLLAGH, Upper, barony, Clare
county.
TiLLAGHAGH, barony, Cavan co.
Tullaghan, Tydavnet.
Tulbghan, village, Rossinver.
Tlllaghgabtet, barony, Cavan
county.
Tullahedy, castle, Kilmore.
Tullerbuoy Castle, Athhicca.
Tullig, Killaroey.
Tun Bank, Londonderry city.
TuUy, lake, Longford co.
Tullyard, Drumboe.
TuH'ycaltcr, Devenish.
Tullvdoov, Benburb.
Tullyhoa', mins, Tullylish.
Tull'yhog, Desertcreight.
TvLLYHiNCO, barony, Cavan co.
Tullylaggan, Cookstown.
Tullymore, seat. Skerry.
Tullymore Lodge, Broughshane.
Tullynafaa, Roscommon co.
Tullj-navad, lake, Keady.
Tullyvin, village, Killershcrdiny.
Tullyvin Castle, Croom.
Ti'RAXEV, barony, Armagh co.
Turaw mountain, Feraianagh co.
Turbotstown, Castle-Pollard.
Tureen seat, Croom.
Turin, caslle, Kilmainmore.
Turlogh Castle, Oughimanna.
4 X
INDEX.
Turloughmore, Galway co.
Turra, stream, Ardagh.
Turret, The, Ballingarry.
Turvey, Donabate.
Tuscan's Pass, Killevey.
Tuscar Koek, Kilrane.
Twelve Pi.ns, mountains, Galway
Two-mile Bridge, Duiigarvan.
Tyanee, Tamlaghtocrilly.
Ttaquin, barony, Galway eo.
Tycroghan, castle, Clonard.
Tyllira Castle, Ardrahan.
Tymore, seat, Burrishoole.
Tynte Park, Dunlavan.
Tynte's Castle, Youghal.
Tyone, Nenagh.
Ttrawlev, barony, Mayo.
TjTcallen, Stranorlar.
T^TConnel, Donegal.
Tyrconnell Rock, Demish.
Tyreragh, barony, Sligo.
Ttrhigh, barony, Donegal.
Ttekennedy, barony, Ferman-
agh CO.
Tyrone, inlet, Ballinacourty.
TyTone, seat, Kilcolgan.
TjTone canal, Coal-Island.
Tyrone Lodge, Hollywood.
Ulidia, Antrim co.
Ulster canal, Fermanagh co.
Umera, seat, Timoleague.
Umery, Ahinagh.
Umgal, Cloncha.
Underwoods, Offerlane.
Union Lodge, Aghaderg.
LTplandg, seat, Fermoy.
Uppercross, barony of, Dublin
Upperthird, barony, Waterford
Upperwood, seat, Freshford.
Upton, seat, Kilmucki-idge.
Upton, seat, Knockavilly.
Uriel, Lough ; Galway co.
Urlin, Kilmaleery.
Urlor, lough, Mayo.
Urragh, castle, Killodieman.
Urrinsfort, seat, Monart.
V.
Vartrey, river, Wicklow town.
Velabri, Kerry.
Vellibori, Kerry.
Vemer's Bridge, Killyman.
Vicar's Cairn, Armagh city.
Viewmount House, Carlow city.
View Rock, Powerscourt.
Vinegar Hill, Euniscorthy.
Violet Hill, seat, Newry.
W.
WaUingstownHouse,Litt!eIsland.
Walsh Mountains, Kilkenny co.
Walsh'stown, Strangford.
Walsh'stown Castle, Saul.
Waltersforth, BalljTashaue.
Waltersland, Stillorgan.
Walterstown, Drumraney.
Walworth, BallykeUy.
War Hill, Calary.
Warren hill, BaUinakill.
Warren's Court, Kilmurry.
Warrenstow.n, barony. King's
CO.
Warrenstown, townland, Gartan.
Washford, remains of, Rathcou-
rath.
Waterfall, Inniskenny.
Waterfall, Glen of the ; Powers-
court.
Waterfoot, Templecarne.
Waterloo Spa, Goldenbridge.
Waterstown, Kilkenny-West.
Waterstown, Rathvilly.
Waterville, Dromod.
Water-Works, Inch.
Wellbrook, Cookstown.
Wellington, seat, HoUymount.
Wells House, Killancooly,
Wellwater, Armoy.
West Court, seat, Callan.
Western Island, Arran Isles.
Weston Park, Lucan.
Westown House, Naul.
Westport House, Aughaval.
Whaley Abbey, Ballykine.
Wheaten Rock, Raughley.
White Castle, Leighlin-Bi-idge.
Whitecastle ; Moville, Upper.
White Castle, Teighsasson.
Whitecross, Duleek,
Whitefield, seat, Knockane.
Whitehall, Baltinglass.
Whitehall, Rathfarnham.
Whiteliall, demesne,Aughadown.
White hill, Cloubroney.
White Lays, Ballybought.
White Lough, Monaghan.
White Mountain, Lisburn.
White Mountain, Templeudigan.
White Obelisk, King's co.
White Park Bay, Ballintoy.
White Point, Great Island.
White Quarry, Ardbraccan.
White River, Louth co.
White Rocks, Dunluce.
White Rocks, Killinchy.
White Rocks, Maudlintown.
White's Castle, Athy.
Whitestone, castle, Rathaspeck.
Whitewood, Nobber.
Whitfield, Lisnakill.
Whiting I5ay, Lisgenan.
Wildfield, Muckalee.
WiUiamstown, Templetogher.
Williamstown, castle, Mayue.
WiUiamstown Castle, Fedamore.
Willmount, demesne, Belfast.
Willmount, seat, Fiddown.
Wilmount, seat, Boystown.
Wilton, seat, Clonmore.
Windfield, seat, Moylough.
Windgates, hill. Bray.
Windmill Hill, Ballinahinch.
Windmill Hill, Dysart.
Windmill Hill, Kildare.
Windmill Hill, Lea.
Windmill Hill, We.xford town.
Windy-Harbour, Taney.
Wingfield, house, Kilpipe.
Wingfield Terrace, Enniskerry.
Wolderfirth, Carrickfergus.
Wolf Hill, cave, Belfast.
Wolfe HiU, Templeharry.
Wolfe's Hill, colliery of, Rathas-
Wolf Step, Annascall.
Wolstan's, St. ; Donaghcuniper.
Woman's Church, Corbally.
Woney, Abington.
Woodbank, seat, Errigal.
Woodbrook ; Connaught, Old.
Woodbrook, KUlan.
Woodburn, stream of, Can-ick-
fergus.
WoodclifFe, demesne, Loughill.
Woodfield, seat, Newtown-Barry.
Woodford, Dromaragh.
Woodford, river, Tomregan.
Woodford House, Carrigallen.
Woodfort, seat, Kilshanig.
Woodliouse, Stradbally.
Wood Island, Strangford.
Woodlands, Clonsillagh.
Woodlands, Faithlegg.
Woodlands, Santry.
Woodlands, Stranorlar.
Woodlawn, seat, Killaue.
Woodpark, Tynan.
Woodpark, seat, Addergoole.
Woodrooff, Derrygrath.
Woodsgift, seat, Cloraanto.
Woodside, Donabate.
Woodside, seat, Carrigrohanbeg.
Woodstock, Inistioge.
Woodstock, seat, Newcastle.
Woodstock Castle, Athy.
Woodstock Castle, BaUingarry.
Woodstown, seat, Kilmacomb.
Woodview, seat, Kilmeen.
Woodville, Ballymackey.
Woodville, CuUumkill. "
1 Woodville, Maryborough.
i Woodville House, Rossinv
Wotheney, Abington.
Wyault, Innismacsaint.
Yellow River, Kilberry.
Yeomanstown mills, Caragh.
Yoletown, mills, Owendufle.
•,* Where castles, demesnes, seats, ruins, &c., have names similar to those of the towns or parishes in which they are respectively
situated, they are not mentioned in the Index, as the reader may at once refer to them in the body of the work. Thus, as Athloxe Castle
will be found under ATHLO^E borough, and the demesne of Powerscourt mider Powerscourt parish, these places are omitted.
EXTRACTS,
COMPRISING A FEW OF NUMEROUS COIMMENDATIONS AND PUBLICLY EXPRESSED
OPINIONS OF THE WORK.
" I do not remember any case in whicli, on refoiTing to tlic work,
I was dissatisfied. 1 have examined it with respect to places known
to me ; and as far as I can collect from other sources of information,
and from my own observation, it is accurate : when at Killaloe, I
e.xamiucd the Dictionary particularly, and found the places about
that district very correctly described. So much value do I attach
to the matter it contains, that I take it with me in my carriage
when travelling." — The late Lord Bishop of Cashel (Dr. Sandes).
" On turning to the articles with which 1 am more immediately
acquainted, I have no hesitation in giving my opinion, that what-
ever inaccuracies may have crept in, they are insignificant, when
compared with the mass of sound and valuable information which
those articles contain, and which, undoubtedly, is not obtainable
from any other one source." — Is.iac Weld, Esq., Hon. Secretary
to the Royal Dublin Society, and author of the Statistiail Surrey of
tilt- Count!/ uf lioscunwwn.
" 1 have examined the book frequently. I have looked to the
history and description of particular parishes of which I was igno-
rant, and have always found them to be correct on personally com-
municating with those living in the parishes."— The Rev. Db.
>Uc DoN.VELL, Senior Fellow of Trinity College.
" I have very considerable acquaintance with the topography and
statistics of the country, the pursuit being a favourite one of mine.
My references to the Dictionary have been frequent ; I make
many excm-sions through Ireland, and before doing so it is my habit
fo form an ante tour-book compiled from Lewis's, as a guide to
what I ought to see. The statistics are, in my opinion, obtained
from the best possible sources ; tlie local information, also, has
evidently been collected with considerable pains at the precise
localities."— JoHX D'Altos, Es<j., M.R.LA., author of the Hi^t-jn/ of
the ComUy of Diibtln.
" The work has exceeded the expectation I formed of it when I
subscribed. I have not, of course, read the whole book ; but I
have looked uito those districts with which I am acquainted and
about which I can give my opinion ; and have found accurate
information respecting the different parts of Ireland in which I have
lived myself."— The Rev. Dr. Charles R. Elrixgiox, Regius Pro-
fessor of Divinity in Trinity College.
" In my judgment the book very fully comes up to what is promised
by the prospectus ; I think there is a great deal of valuable infor-
703
mation, which I do not know where I could find elsewhere. I am
in some degree acquainted with ecclesiastical divisions, and have
consulted the work with regard to ecclesiastical information : in
general it is very accurate upon this subject." — The Rev. Dr. James
H. Todd, Fellow of Trinity College, &c.
" I have read the prospectus of Lewis's Dictionary, and the book
itself; the work is a better work than I had anticipated, a great
deal better. My opmion is, that it is worth the price charged." —
George Pethie, Esq., R.H.A., M.R.I. A., author of numerous works
on the Topography of Ireland.
" It certainly contains a great mass of valuable and minutely accu-
rate information, such as never before has been collected together.
The scantiness of the materials in existence for the completion of
such a work, must have rendered its execution difficult, and, at the
same time, very much to be desired. — I believe the Topographical
Dictionary to be a valuable addition to our stock of statistical infor-
mation regarding Ireland." — Isaac Bctt, Esq., late Professor of
Political Economy in Trinity College.
"Having occasionally consulted the work, I may say that I think
it is very respectably executed ; as a topographical dictionary, so
far as it goes, and as far as I know from tlie localities I have
examined, it is in my judgment a satisfactory book." — James
Hardiman, Esq., M.R.I. A., author of the IlUtory ofGalaay.
" If ever a kind reception was due to such a work, it is in the
present instance, when what was attempted in vain by Harris, Smith,
Madden, and other members of the Physico-IIistorical Society, in
1743, by the Dublin Society in 1794, and by Shaw Mason in 1814, has
been achieved, and a description of tlie whole of our lovely island
simultaneously given to the public. "—The Rev. John GRAUAM,author
of the Siye of Derry, Annals of Inl-wd, &c.
" The work is well drawn up, and well written ; it is a very useful
production."— John O'Doxovax, Esq., Editor of several of the publi-
cations of tho Irish Archajological Society.
" I have been several years engaged in the Boimdary department of
the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, and have consequently a right to
claim a knowledge of a very considerable portion of the kingdom.
On examining a great number of the parochial descriptions in ihe
Topographical Dictionary, I have been much pleased and surprised
at the extent and accuracy of the information (particularly as to
EXTRACTS.
ecclesiastical matters) which they contain ; and I cannot call to
mind any natural curiosity, or remarkable fact, connected with the
very many parishes to which my recollection and knowledge extend,
that is not noted in its proper place."— Joseph Co.nrov, Esq.
" A great yariety, and a great deal not before in print, a vast
accumulation of particulars which will be new, or certainly curious,
to many of the inquirers into the Statistics and Topography of the
country, will be found in these ponderous tomes. It is by far the
ablest work— and we speak with some knowledge of such subjects—
indeed, it is the onltf work worthy the name, which we possess in
regard to this country."— Dublin Evening Post.
" The work may be regarded as the best epitomiof the country and
its history that ever appeared, or that it is possible to present with-
out going over again the same course of labour and research." — Cork
Standard.
" For four years agents were unremittingly employed in traversing
every district of Ireland. Each city, town, and parish, was visited.
Personal inquiries were universally made. Records in the pos-
session of individuals and in public libraries were examined ; and
the results of these investigations were tested by comparison with
the best authorities which could be foimd in print. In very many
cases proof sheets were forwarded to persons of intelligence in the
various localities, and such corrections and additions were made as
were suggested. A sum of nearly £30,000 was expended in getting
the work to press, and it ultimately appeared in two large quarto
volumes, containing about 1 400 closely printed pages, and embodying
a vast mass of information, most valuable in itself, and heretofore,
in gi'eat part, almost wholly inaccessible. — We say, in all sincerity
and candour, that we consider this work a most valuable accession
to the literature of Ireland. The extent and variety of the informa-
tion which it contains are in the highest degree satisfactory. No
page of it can be opened without the discovery of something of
novelty and interest ; and it most certainly supplies what has long
been a desideratum with all intelligent persons." — Newrv Examiner.
" We can speak, of our own personal knowledge, of the extreme
accuracy of the greater portion of the articles ; but we would select,
as the most favourable specimens, the notices of the counties of
Donegal, Fermanagh, Wicklow, Wexford, Cork, Kerry, and Clare,
and of the cities of Derry and Dublin. The article on the scenery
of Killarney is superior to any thing of the kind we have ever met
with among the multitudes of 'Guides' and 'Tours' which the
704
unrivalled beauties of the place have summoned from the ' vasty
deep ' of human enthusiasm. The language is simple, comprehen-
sive, condensed, and pure ; and the writers have earned this praise
from us without the slightest apparent effort, on their part, at
sublimity of style or rhetorical artifice." — Londonderrt Standard.
" Lewis's work is highly valuable, not only because it is a first
attempt to illustrate a perplexing though important subject, but also
for the mass of useful, rare, and interesting information it commu-
nicates. The historical parts have been collated with great care
and industry, and abotmd in curious reading. The geographical
description of each locality, though concise, is sufficiently full for
the general reader, and the statistical portions give a satisfactory
detail of the principal facts that should be included under that
department of the work. As a whole, the work, in our opinion,
displays talent and research ; and the individuals engaged in its
composition are evidently men of taste, discrimination, and learning."
— Londonderry Sentinel.
" We assert, that a more complete work was never published on
Irish Topography ; and its trifling typographical errors are insig-
nificant when compared to the mass of information which it con-
tains. It was not exclusively compiled for the Conservative or the
Liberal ; it is a general work, and cannot fail, when carefully
perused, of meriting the approbation of every impartial man, of
every sect and party." — Carlow Sentinel.
" The publishers have traced the history of every locality, from the
best authorities, and have thereby rendered our antiquities objects
of deep interest to the Historian, the Antiquary, and in fact to all
classes of the community, who think and feel that Irish Topography
was long neglected, although presenting a vast field to work upon." —
Kilkenny Moderator.
" A mass of such valuable information on the past and present
state of Ireland was never before given to the public as appears iu
' Lewis's Topographical Dictionary.' " — Leinster Independent.
" The Dictionary we beheve t(
department, unprecedented utility
tent of local information of the i
knowledge of the greatest national
he a book of great, and, in its
ind merit. In accuracy, and ex-
inutest nature, and of historical
it certainly surpasses all
statistical precursors : nor do we doubt that it will continue to
be a reference of the highest respectability, upon all mattei-s of
Irish Topography." — Leinster Express.
9912
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