Topographical record and sketch book for use with transit and stadia

TURNER'S
SKETCH BOOK

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.

•Class

TOPOGRAPHICAL
RECORD AND SKETCH BOOK

FOR USE WITH

TRANSIT AND STADIA

BY

DANIEL LAWRENCE TURNER, C. E.

Associate Member American Society Civil Engineers
Instructor in Surveying and Hydraulics, Harvard University.

NEW YORK

THE ENGINEERING NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY
1902

QUA G'A(

Copyright, 1901, by
THE ENGINEERING NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY.

INTRODUCTION.

This record and sketch book is the outcome of efforts
in teaching students topographical surveying. Sketches
are always desirable in this work ; and, if properly made,
the number of points necessary to develop any particu-
lar area is thereby 'reduced. To be most useful, sketches
should be approximately to scale, and should clearly in-
dicate the configuration of the area covered.

It is almost impossible for beginners in topography to
make sketches that are of any value; and it is difficult
in many cases for even the experienced topographer to
do so.

A sketch book with concentric circle and radial rul-
ings was first tried by the author in 1896. The results
proved to be so satisfactory that in 1890 a book con-
taining such rulings was printed for students in the au-
thor's classes, where it has since been used v/ith gratify-
ing results. Believing that such a book may also be ap-
preciated by fellow teachers and by engineers and sur-
veyors generally, it is with pleasure that it is now
placed at their disposal.

The method of using the book is almost self-evident.
The vertical rulings are of such form that they may be
readily adapted to almost any method of recording.
They are suitable for level notes, and also for the ordi-
nary land survey and traverse records. The right-hand
page can be used for any kind of sketching.

For topographical work the form of record shown on
the next page is suggested.

INTRODUCTION.

For stadia station sights — in addition to azimuths —
fore and back magnetic bearings should be read and re-
corded. It is not necessary, however, to provide an ex-
tra column for recording these magnetic bearings. They
can be noted down under the corresponding azimuth on
an extra horizontal line. It is essential, though, that
they be noted down, in order that they may serve as
witnesses, should errors be afterwards discovered when
plotting.

Remembering that in most cases it is only necessary

July "5., \S98.
Oc. B IV El e. 93.27 H. I, 4-.70

S-ra.

am

AT:.

Dish

Vert. L.

Diff.
EVe.

Ele.

Remarks.
B.5.

N 87°'55'W

688

' &5 .

63°/0'

1080

+6°0f

Saddle.

46

67°25'

8ZO

+'3°I8'

Ft. Slope.

47

etc.

etc.

etc.

13 Y

82° 19'

-5=33-

-Z°I2'

F. 5.

NK°ie'E

531

to reduce to the horizontal the distances between stadia
stations, such corrected distances may be noted under
the distance read, in the same extra horizontal line pre-
viously used for the magnetic bearings.

With regard to the "side shots" — the sights taken to
determine the position of the controlling points in the
configuration — they should be numbered continuously
through adjacent stadia stations, except when the to-
tal number taken at the several adjacent stations
runs up into the thousands. If not numbered in this
manner, two or more plotted shots may happen together
on the sheet, and so cause confusion when interpolating

INTRODUCTION. 5

for contours. Also, such numbering saves time when
it becomes necessary to look up the record in order to
check the plotting. The azimuths of side shots need
only be read to the nearest five minutes.

In determining the necessary data for obtaining ele-
vations, it is often convenient to sight at the rod at some
point above or below the H.I. point, and in such cases a
+ or — correction indicating this can be noted under the
''remarks" column. The columns headed "Differences
of Elevation," and "Elevation" are for the office reduc-
tions.

The right-hand page of the book is reserved for the
concentric circle and radial rulings upon which the
sketches are drawn. The concentric circles are one-
quarter of an inch apart; corresponding conveniently
to scales of 100, 400, or 800 feet to the inch, which ever
may be most suitable to the work in hand. The topog-
rapher predetermines the scale to be used in each par-
ticular case. The radial lines are 10° apart, the posi-
tion of a point being easily interpolated to the nearest
degree.

As soon as the recorder has noted down the observed
azimuth, distance, and vertical angle on the left-hand
page, he proceeds to plot the corresponding point ap-
proximately in its true position on the sketch page.
Each point being designated by its number. As fast
as the controlling points are plotted the sketch is drawn
in. It is not mxessary to reduce the elevations in the
field, the sketch as drawn need only indicate the config-
uration.

DANIEL LAWRENCE TURNER.

Cambridge, Mass., May, 1901.

r

_.

! I.

.

V 7

/

r

1

i:

\

^•-'.

d

™ T

r

7

TABLES SHOWING HORIZONTAL

DISTANCE AND
DIFFERENCE OF ELEVATION

For stadia readings of 100 units at various vertical angles. The
values of other readings are obtained by multiplying the
quantities under the proper vertical angle by the stadia
reading divided by 100; for instance, if the stadia
reading is 204 and the vertical angle 5° the
horizontal distance is found by multiply-
ing 99.24 by 2.04.

These tables were computed by Mr. ARTHUR WINSLOW (now

General Manager and Consulting Engineer of the Liberty Bell

Gold Mining Co., of Kansas City, Mo.), and first appeared

in a report of the Pennsylvania Geological Survey.

• • O \O >- \O N tv. MOO -<t O> to O O I-" v£> N tv. MOO f O •«»• O to M \O *- rv.
jtt> -"-NNMro-^-Tioiootv, tv.00 OO O> C> O O ~ «NMM-*^«-iOiriy

Q 2 £" £" £"£"£* ^ £* ET ^ ^ £~ £• £~ ^ £* *"* px°° °°°° OOOOOOOOOID ooooooc

„•*

-- J> ^-10 mvO sO tx r-^oo oo O* O O M M N r* ro f*i -<r m »OsO O t^ t^ oo oo O C^ C

SQ

S %> "KOO'CO" a q "8 « ^ fT'S M 5- ^? lo"^ vS >o" f^ £00" £ S o "€ " ^ fT'n M !
Qy f^,^,,^,^^ 4-4-4--i>-4- •*'4--4-4-4' •>«• 4- >* 4- 4- •*4-ioioio ioio»o»oi

. «O»^>Mt-<O
fc-S 0 000 0

*T^/-N oooooooooo
WO o> 0^ &<?• 0>

MOOO\Oi/>Mn 0*00 \D -^ M M O* l>s
00 00 00 00 r-. iv. tv! tv two $ S o o vO >o £

v. tv.tv.rv.t^tv, tv.tv.tv.tv.tv. tv.tv.tv.tv.tv.

> &&& 0-0- o-O-O-O-O- 0-0-0-&&

vONtv. MOO •"J-Oul'-'tv. NOOMO>1
\O tv. tvOO 00 O^OO"" NNrOfj-

•• ^

O .2

S_u •* •* 10 too vO tv. tv.<»" o^"5-q"o«'» NMM-^-^Io iOvO tv.tv.oooo ^^ C
y ddddd ddddd 6 -«-•-' MWMMM MMMWM MM^MCS

M <N w O OO Jv.O M- M N M C7"00 tv. to "^"^ ~ O 00 tv.\D ^ M

----- - - o- o- o- -0-- o o o o

>.a H

QQ \O txtxt>.r>, tNtx^tv,tx tv.tv.tv.tv.tv, Jv.tv.tv. txGO OOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOO

o.«

so

£££8:8: ££8:8:8:

5a

O .£H

ffiQ

££££££££££££££££££££ £££££ £££££

sa

la*

WQ

tv.vD -0 to -* -»•

OO tx fx ts,\O vOiOtO^t''1^ roroNNM w

1: £ 11 £ llll £ lllll £££££ £££££ £££££

«tt >
5g

si

ffiQ

£££££ £££££ £££££ £££££ £££££ £££££

55

88888 88888 8 8 8;£85 £££££

88:888; BSBBB 888£££££££££££££££££

N -*O OO O N M-\O 00 O N -*vO OO O N -*vO 00

90

£ Q §8 §8 S3 §8 08 §8 S8 S8 08 w « ^« » <» <»<

<»<» oo <»<»=

ds

r; o o o o

«a

• • O \O fi O^sO N OO 10 n oo ^•Q'OroO^xONOQ""!'-'
** "u! •^rOfONN WMMMQ 000s O^OQ 00 OO tx tx t^*

<>&a-~&&cr<-cr-&&&

NNNNN NNNNN MN

c'oooo 60600 p^

rDMrOrOtOfOfOfOMtOM

^ \O N 0s m i-t OO
r-. t-N two O vD m

• .vO>-OOvo OioO-^O^ •«»• CT- -*00 roOOMt^Nf^MxO'-'vO'-1 «« O JJ> O •*
(t) ^ (7> O 5 H M MNr^Mro-'i-fu") »OO vO t^ t^oo OO ONC>OO« 7r}r!r?r?

Q 2 t~-00 oooooo oonooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooo o-O^C* S'^^

0s ui N OXO N OxvO

tv 0s

6! 6

ffifi 8>S^c>c>o< &&&&£ &cTO>a^ S-o^o^^^ 5>3-5v3>^ ao-aSv!

J*H> O^oO^oO w) Q in O if* OtoO^^O toOioO1^ O^O^O toO^^O1^ o
Q2 10 m to 10 10 loioiotoio miou-imio intoioioioxDOONDsO NSxg>SN2N2l O

" (HNMNN (SNNC4N NNNNM NNC^NN WNWNN <SNC*(SC<i

II - ^" I".!

mNO^t>-* -OOioroQ t^-*« O^O M O tx m N O^vO ro O tv in
W.J wMOOO OO^O^O^O^OOOOOOt-^txt^ tx>O OvD iniotnin'* ^

tw > « tx N 00 to 00 tooo -tO^ •*ON-<tOin OmOmM vOMvOi-vO Nt^N l^N
f5 « O^O^OOM MNNtOtO-^--* invO vO t^ t>.OO OO.O^xT-OOi-M NNtOtO-*

. . -^ M O^vO •* M OX\O M-
t- - 0> CTOO »D 00 00 Kis t^t>

x'ti izzzz izizz

fig OOOOO 6666

o.2

ffifi

Qy oooooooooo 2>6^o^p^6>

2>2>?S'2S 2s?? ?S SSSSS

,g- > g, s^ £ 3- 3 S S, E^S, £3 o o g. Rf. ££ oo <£ 8- & S°§- o ? & o -

Sa 5?5?? 55555 55555 55555 55555 55555

• O to O ^ O Vi O i^ O ^ O* "^ O" ^" C* **• O1 "^ 0s *<* C* roGQ r-COO r^OQ rnDO <N

^ ' *i 0 & aoo oo rx t^vO O 55 ^ 4 *o ^ « N-^OO O- C^oo oo t>. K2) O tn in

o .2

• • O mO 0s PO O O1- N tooo ••* •<$- tx O PO O O- N 1000 •* "* tx O co O OO <-* •*
ttS > *• *?% "«• to to .00 vO sD t^ t^ t^oo ooooooo^cra OOO-- --N<T

05

Ow-JOmO tnOioOw^ O«^ii

irjO toOioOLoOi^Oi^O t^O«oO>o

^l^f^^l^g.^!

• ,' tOOO N toOO « 1000 «•* f^«-<«'«^Q. ">t^Q f^vD CT- N 10 CT- N 100O «•*!>.
!t3> •^••^•lOiOiOvDvDvOI^I^ t-^OO OOOOO^OO^OOO O •• " " N NNt«POrO

OS 5- 5- 5. ^ 5- 5- ^ 5- 5- 5- 5- 5- 5- 5- ^ ^ 5- 5S- 3- ^ n ^ ^ 3- ^ ^ ^ ^ '

. .vO«-O«t»»NtxMtxNOONOO fOOO COOO COO--* Q^-<»-O--*O- -*O--*O-iO

t « <5- o-oo oo tx t^o otoio-B-^roMN N-.-OO o- q-oo oo t^ t-«o o 10 10

HHQ t^t^t^t^t-x txtxtx^N. t^t-xtxtxtx r^r^r^t^rxOOOOO OOOOO

QS 4-0 o ii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiii;

WQ Si

07s s C7^ CT- <> O< O" O^OO OOOOOOOOOO CT-OO 00 00 OO OOOOOOOOOO OOOOCOOOOO

^

£

o d

^o^o^co^c^c

ooo ooo 00

OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOSON
OOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOO 000000 t^tv

MOO -t t-^

?1

> O -*OO K 10 0s f^O O •* t^ « 1000 N O O^ <*> t^ O "too - tOOO N sO O* c^O

Qy OOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOO O- O-O-O^O-O11 O-O-ONOXON
»-' -jj « O O* O CS O-OO 0?'txtxOOOioio-*'«troc<>N NW^I-^ OO- O-OO X

SO oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oo

-NNNfO

NsCO ^tN^toO^ fO\D O "^OO « to 0s f^\O

0 0 t^ tx r^OO 00 00 0-5- 000 H M M fi «l

. . >O i* tx MOO ""fOto-tx NOOfOO-tOOON t^toOO-^-O-io- ONIx MOO
»-«-• "T^cOfON NN«wO OO- C-00 <X> OS t^ t^O O lOiO'V-TrrCMroNN-

^^ txMtoO«ro txMtoO^co txMtoO-fO txwioa-ro t^o -*OO MOO -*00 N
« O^OOO^ MNNNfif>'«J-«fr-»io too O O tx t^oo OOOOO-O-OOOM

Q 3 "^ ooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ot->t^r^t>

^ PO to ro ro co cococococo COCOCOMCO fotocococo corocoroco cococococ»;

. • t*>ONiol-'txNO01«tOtoMt-^ coOO ^ OO^lxco O-^OON txcoO-^O

I- £ txyD 00 to 10^- ^-^-COCONN«« MCJOO-O^OOOOOOtxtxOOioioi^

ffiQ oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oo oo^oo oo oo o?oo oo^'co'dc

j *J ro t^ N O O ^fOO NtNM toC-fOtxwOO ^"OO N O 0 ^OO (S O 0 to O- M
f, koo O&O-O-O-OOM MMNNfOro^-^^-tO ioO 0 0 tx ti.00 OO OO CT

-• fcS^cg ^.RS^-S ^^55-^coSrf?? ^:^S°8- 58-^cgf:

o.2

1010101010 toioioioto totoioioto toioioioio toiotoio1^ •^••^•^•^f^-
oooooooooo ooeooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooo

iH'!>'>OO^t-OxfOtxNOO-*O-rof^«O O-*OOMtxt-iioO^OO NI^MioOx
C ^ «<}• 10 to too O tx t^oo OOOOOXO-OO »-iwt-iNN foro^t'^'^to too O O

fe.«

•»ONOO"i'OONOO''»-O tvroO-iOi- txroO-ion txMO-iOM txroO'iOM

o N ^VDOO o N ^ooo o N ?ooo ON ^ooo S.N 5000 o N 3000

i

<* Vl

ENGINEERING NEWS

Founded 1874.
Published Every Thursday. Price, $5.00 a Year.

The past volumes of Engineering News constitute an
encyclopedia of American engineering practice and public
works' construction that has no rival. It has the ad-
vantage over the ordinary ponderous reference book is-
sued by some publisher once in a decade or two, in that its
contents are always fresh and up-to-date, and if errors
occur, they are promptly criticized and corrected.

There is no engineer so thoroughly equipped intellec-
tually and practically that he cannot at times add to his
knowledge from the pages of Engineering News; to the
young engineer just struggling "for place" in his
profession, and to the engineering student, there can be
no agency more helpful than the weekly installment of
this journal.

The
Engineering News Publishing Company

220 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

93

ENGINEERING NEWS

O f f

BOOK DEPARTMENT

"PUBLISHES a number of standard tech-
A nical works by recognized authorities, a
selection of which should be on the shelves
of every engineer.

This department is prepared to supply, on
receipt of advertised prices, any works issued
by other publishing houses, and also to give
information regarding the best books on
special subjects, the equipment of technical
libraries, etc. It does not matter whether
you are or are not a subscriber for ENGI-
NEERING NEWS, this Department is at your
service. Write for catalogue and state sub-
jects in which you are interested.

The

•

Engineering News Book Department

220 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
94

A SELECTION OF STANDARD
AND USEFUL BOOKS

Send for Complete Catalogue

Field Practice of Railway Location— Beahan $3.00

Reinforced Concrete— Buel and Hill 5.00

Plat and Profile Book— Dunham 1.00

Concrete Blocks: Their Manufacture and Use 1.50

Universal Dictionary of Mechanical Drawing —

Follows 1.00

Railway Right of Way Surveying — Frye 1.00

Index to Engineering News (1890-1899) 50

Index to Engineering News (1900-1904) 2.00

Earthwork and Its Cost— Gillette 2.00

Economics of Road Construction — Gillette 1.00

Textbook of Plain Lettering— Jacoby 3.00

Engineering Contracts and Specifications — Johnson. 3.00

City Roads and Pavements — Judson 2.00

Design of Steel Mill Buildings — Ketchum 4.00

Design of Walls and Bins— Ketchum 4.00

Hydrographic Surveying — Lea 2.00

Surveying Manual — Pence and Ketchum 2.00

Technic of Mechanical Drawing — Reinhardt 1.00

Lettering for Draftsmen, etc. — Reinhardt 1.00

Tables of Logarithims and Squares — Smoley 3.00

Modern Tunnel Practice — Stauffer 3.50

Bridge and Structural Design — Thomson 2.00

Railway Track and Trackwork — Tratman 3.00

Specifications and Contracts — Waddell and Wait. . 1.00

Linear Drawing and Lettering — Fish 1.00

Hydraulic Diagrams — Swan and Horton 1.00

Civil Service Manuals — Send for Price List.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY

THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW

JAN 29. 195!
DEC 16 1916

Mil 22

30m-l,'15

YB 51922

205565