Full text of "Toronto Normal School jubilee celebration : (October 31st, November 1st and 2nd, 1897) : biographical sketches and names of successful students 1847 to 1875"

NORMAL SCHOOL

JUBI

RYERSON LIBRARY

THIS IS A

AND MUST REMAIN IN
THE READING ROOM

195419

Date Due

TORONTO NORMAL SCHOOL

JUBILEE CELEBRATION.

O
O
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PS
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1847-1897

TORONTO NORMAL SCHOOL

JUBILEE CELEBRATION

(October 3 1st, November Jst and 2nd, 1897)

RYERSON INiiLi UilL OF TECHNOLOGY

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES AND NAMES OF
SUCCESSFUL STUDENTS J847 TO J875

TORONTO:

WARWICK BRO S & RUTTER,
1898.

&lt;]

PREFACE.

The Toronto Normal School was instituted by the late Dr.
Ryerson for the purpose of training teachers for Public School work.
In fact, it was an integral part of the system of education which he
recommended after having visited the schools of Europe and the United
States, under the direction of the Government, with a view to legisla
tion of a comprehensive character for the schools of Ontario. An
experience of fifty years in the development of this system (the Normal
School included) has clearly shown the wisdom of his conclusions and
its adaptation to the social and municipal institutions of the country.

There was no feature of the system of education founded by Dr.
Ryerson which had a more important bearing upon Elementary and
High School education than the establishment of the Toronto Normal
School. For many years it was the only educational seminary at
which the training, qualifying a man or woman for the profession of
teaching could be obtained. It was always a Normal School, even in
the modern sense of the term, for every subject which the student was
expected to master was also considered in a pedagogical sense. Much
can be said in favor of this early feature of our Normal School, and
no doubt, were it not that the High Schools of Ontario attained to
such pre-eminence, the literary courses, originally established in the
Normal School, would have been continued to this day.

During the last half -century, a great multitude of students gradu
ated from the Toronto Normal School, all of whom felt that they were
indebted to its curriculum and staff for a certain mental stimulus which
was of great value to them in after life. And so it occurred to some of
the earlier students that an opportunity should be given them of doing
honor in some public way to their Alma Mater. Out of this desire
laudable and kindly in the highest degree, arose the Jubilee Celebra
tion, which it is the object of this volume to record. The opportunity

VI.

was an admirable one to let the Province see how the old students
appreciated the services of some of the great men who, nearly half a
century ago, were connected with the educational work of the Province.
They were all great teachers men of magnetic personality and
thoroughly in sympathy with the teacher s work. It was meet that
their names should be revered by their students and held in grateful
remembrance by the country which they served. Their portraits in
the school room where they taught will remind successive generations
of teachers, of the honor that has been done them, while the impetus
they gave to scholarship and education will go on, it is hoped, increas
ing with the wealth and growth of the country.

Not the least gratifying circumstance in connection with the
Jubilee was the presence of two of its fir.st graduates, Dr. E. H. Dewart
and Dr. J. H. Sangster ; the one a distinguished divine of the Methodist
Church, and the other a former Principal of the School, but more
recently a physician in active practice. The story of their early
difficulties to acquire an education is best told in their own words. It
is to be hoped their example will be imitated by many of their fellow-
Canadians.

The large attendance of old students indicated the respect in
which the Normal School is held by the graduates of former years.
Every function in connection with the celebration appeared to be
enjoyed to the fullest degree, the only regret in the case of many being
that public duties would not allow them to give as much time to the
exercises as they desired.

TORONTO, 1897.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Rev. E. H. Dewart, D.D. 1

David Fotheringham.
Rev. R. P. McKay, M.A.
Charles A. Barnes, B.A.
Mrs. Nasmith.
Miss Mary Caven.
David Ormiston, B.A.
Charles A. jHodgetts, M.D.

I. SERMON.

II. UNVEILING OF PORTRAITS :

Thomas Jaffray Robertson, M.A.

J. Herbert Sangster, M.A., M.D.

Rev. HenryW. Davies,M.A.,D.D.

Past Headmistresses of the\

Girls Model School. J

Past Headmasters of the Boys ^

Model School. J

III. REMINISCENT SPEECHES : . . .

Mrs. Catharine Fish ; William Carlyle ; David Ormiston, B.A. ;
Rev. Mungo Eraser, D.D. ; Mrs. G. Riches ; Joseph H. Smith ;
A. S. Allan.

IV. REPORT OF CONVERSAZIONE.

V. EDUCATIONAL ADDRESSES : . ...

A Brief Sketch of the Toronto Normal School. Thomas

Kirkland, M.A.

The School of the Twentieth Century. James L. Hughes.

Protestant Education in Quebec. S. P. Robins, M.A., LL.D.
Where do we stand, Educationally, as compared with Fifty Years

ago I J. Herbert Sangster, M.A., M.D.

VI. REPORT OF BANQUET.

VII. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES :

Rev. Egerton Ryerson, D.D., LL.D. ; Hon. Adam Crooks, M.A. ,
LL.B. ; Hon. Geo. W. Ross, LL.D. ; J. G. Hodgins,M.A , LL.D.;
Alex. Marling, LL.B. ; John Millar, B.A. ; Thomas Kirkland,
M.A. ; Wm. Scott, B.A. ; A. Mclntosh ; Margaret T. Scott; R.
W. Murray ; May K. Caulfeild ; T. M. Porter ; Mary M. A.
Meehan ; Jeannie Wood ; Alice Stuart ; Hattie B. Mills, B.A. ;
Sara Ross; Eugene Albert Masson ; A. C. Casselman ; Sydney H.
Preston ; Thomas Parr ; Wilhelmina Mackenzie ; Louisa H.
Montizambert ; Kate H. Mitchell ; Mary E. Macintyre ; Ellen
Cody.

VIII. NAMES OF STUDENTS WHO ATTENDED THE NORMAL SCHOOL FROM

1847 UNTIL 1875 AND RECEIVED CERTIFICATES ; ALSO ALL AVAIL
ABLE BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES . . . .

IX. MEMBERS AND EX-MEMBERS OF THE STAFF.
X. COPY OF THE JUBILEE PROGRAMME

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[vii.J

THE TORONTO NORMAL SCHOOL
JUBILEE CELEBRATION.

The Jubilee Celebration was inaugurated by Divine Service in
the Metropolitan Church, Toronto, on Sunday evening, October 31st,
1897. It was conducted by the Pastor, Rev. R. P. Bowles, M.A., B,D.,
assisted by Revds. John R. Phillips, R. P. McKay, M.A., and by Rev.
E. H. Dewart, D D., who preached the sermon. The centre pews of
the church were reserved for members of the Convention, among whom
were the Committee of Management, the present Normal and Model
School staffs, inspectors of schools from different parts of the Province,
teachers from the city and from the country, and a number of ex-
students of the Normal School, some of whom are members of other
professions, while others have retired from professional work.

SERMON:

THE TRUE ELEMENTS OF INDIVIDUAL AND NATIONAL PROGRESS

AND STABILITY.

Rev. E. H. Dewart, D.D.

(A Student of the 1st Session).
J* J*

" And wisdom and knowledge shall be the stability of thy times, and strength
of Salvation : the fear of the Lord is his treasure." Isa. 33 : 6.

Memorial Commemorations.

The commemoration of important events has been practised from
the earliest times of which we have any account. In the Old Testa
ment we find many interesting illustrations of this usage. Jacob
erected a stone pillar and called it Beth-El the house of God where
he saw the vision of angels and received Divine revelations. After the
passing of the Jordan, Joshua set up twelve stones to be a memorial
of that event, so that when the children should ask their fathers,

[1]

" What meaneth these stones?" they could tell them of what the Lord
had done for Israel. After a victory over the Philistines, Samuel set
up a memorial stone and called it " Ebenezer," saying, " Hitherto hath
the Lord helped us." The Feast of the Passover was a perpetual
memorial of a great deliverance.

In more modern times people have commemorated great battles
which gave national deliverance from threatened subjugation ; the
beginnings of important movements that were fruitful in blessings ;
the work of patriots who lived noble and useful lives and removed
evils that had oppressed the people ; and events that affected personal
and family life for good.

Such commemorations are not foolish or unfruitful. All that is
good in our present civilization is the outgrowth of seed sown in the
past. In reviewing and commemorating such events as I have men
tioned, we may catch something of the spirit that inspired the brave
deeds that call forth our admiration. We may gather lessons from
the past to nerve and guide us in the conflicts of the present. And a
more intelligent appreciation of the rich inheritance to which we are
heirs should prompt us to live more worthy of our great privileges and
opportunities.

An Event Worthy of Commemoration.

The common disposition to place a high estimate on things that
possess outward features that attract attention often causes us to
underestimate forces that operate more quietly. But the event we
celebrate on this occasion, though it belongs to the latter class, is
eminently worthy of being held in grateful remembrance by the
people of this country of every class and creed. The establishment
of a Normal School for the training of teachers for our Public Schools
was the opening of a fountain at which many thirsty souls, whom cir
cumstances had previously shut out from such a privilege, were per
mitted to slake their thirst for knowledge. I can testify from per
sonal experience and observation that the students at the earlier ses
sions were nearly all of this class. I shall never forget how the
announcement of the opening of the Normal School in Toronto, which
I incidentally saw in a newspaper, fell on my path, in the backwoods
of the county of Peterborough, like a beam of light from Heaven. I
had tried, sometime before that, to make an arrangement to go to
another educational institution and had failed, and was very much
disappointed. I read the announcement over and over. It seemed
almost too good to be true, but it seemed to be just what I required.
I wrote to Dr. Ryerson, and received an encouraging answer. So I
started for Toronto and tramped one hundred and twenty miles through
the November snows. Like another pilgrim we read of, I found hills
of difficulty and sloughs of despond before I reached the celestial city.
But though footsore and weary, I trudged on and never thought of
turning back. A kind welcome from Dr. Ryerson and Mr. Robertson,
the Head Master, made me forget all the fatigue of the journey.

But the Normal School was not a mere local fountain of know
ledge. It has been a living spring that has sent forth streams of
salutary influence over the whole country, increasing the intelligence

and quickening the intellectual life of successive generations of our
youth. We must not measure the value of the institution simply by
the benefits it has conferred upon teachers. To change the figure,
they carried the torches they lighted at its fires to illuminate many a
remote place. They did not learn, what they learned for themselves,
but for the youth of the country, whom they were to teach. The value
of the results, like that of all results in the sphere of mind and thought,
cannot be tabulated, or weighed in any commercial balances. When
we speak of the large number of teachers trained in our Normal Schools
during the last fifty years, and the great increase in the number of
schools and pupils, we only touch some outward and visible signs of
progress. The most important results are the improvement in the
efficiency of the teachers and the schools, and the great influence for
good that has been exerted on the character and life of our people, by
the diffusion of knowledge and the mental training of the young.

Higher than the work of parliaments, and next in importance to
the work of the Christian churches, which teach the great truths of
our Holy religion, I am disposed to rank the work of our schools and
colleges, which prepare the coming men and women of our country for
the duties of citizenship. The people of our country are largely what
the churches and schools have made them. We should not allow either
sectarian or political prejudice to prevent us from candidly recognizing
the great debt we owe to those who founded and those who developed and
built up the educational system that has done so much for our country.
It is well known that the school system of Ontario has in a great
degree inspired and moulded the systems of the other provinces of our
Dominion. (Dr. Ryerson was a trustee of this Metropolitan Church.)

A Period of Growth and Progress.

The period that has elapsed since the opening of the Normal
School in this city embraces the greater part of Queen Victoria s long
reign, which has been so recently celebrated throughout the British
Empire, and therefore includes most of the same events. It is a period
characterized by change and progress in all departments of human
thought and action. There have been wonderful discoveries in science
and inventions in the mechanical arts, which have lessened labor and
conduced to the comfort of human life. Steam and electricity have to
a great extent annihilated distance and brought distant countries near
together. Countries that had been for ages inaccessible, have been
thrown open to the missionary labors of the churches. In the sphere
of legislation there have been great political and social reforms which
removed evils that formerly oppressed the people. There has been a
steady growth of civil and religious liberty which has broken down
the barriers to progress and given increased power to the people.
Agencies and institutions for the promotion of social reforms and the
relief of want and suffering have been greatly multiplied.

In the churches there has been a decline of sectarian feeling and
a growing spirit of union, which tends to make the denominations
more like different divisions of the " one army of the living God."
There is a more general conviction than ever before, that the great

obj ect of religion is to produce unselfish benevolence and righteousness
in all the conduct of life. There is also a fuller recognition of the
place and power of woman, and greater practical interest by the
churches in the religious education of the young.

The World is not Growing Worse.

I cannot agree with those good people who believe the world is
growing worse. " The good old times," of which we hear so much, were
times in which credulity, injustice and oppression flourished. We can
not go very far back in the history of the past till we reach a condi
tion of things that would be deemed intolerable in these times of light
and liberty. There is a great contrast between then and now :

" Learning then was Fortune s favor, to the poor by fate denied ;

Now, the gates of Truth and Knowledge unto all stand open wide ;
And the poor man s boy, with only honest heart and active brain,
May evince his native kingship and the highest place attain.

Ignorance, Injustice, Folly, linger still while myriads wait,

Till the valleys are exalted and the crooked paths made straight ;

But the direst ills and follies which becloud the world to-day
Are but shades of darker evils that have almost passed away.

Rouh and steep the path of progress ; slowly earth s oppressions die ;

Yet the world is rising higher as the burdened years go by.
Truth and Righteousness unconquered, in this warfare shall prevail :

This the God of Truth has promised, and His word can never fail."

The Text Corrects a Popular Fallacy.

Without attempting any formal exposition of the text I have read,
we may take these words as affirming that knowledge and wisdom are
the true elements that give salutary growth and stability to the
character of individuals and nations. Like many other Scripture
truths, this utterance is at variance with a prevailing sentiment among
men of the world, as to what is the chief good. There is a broad
difference between the heavenly and the earthly, the divine and the
human standards of value and honor. Among men who judge all
things from an earthly standpoint outward things, such as the applause
of the world.the increase of wealth and material prosperity, are esteemed
and sought after, as if they were the chief things of life. But in the
sight of God, a right spirit, righteousness in character and conduct,
are regarded as the supreme things.

In the world men are honored who have displayed physical
courage men are honored who can trace their pedigree through a
long line of titled ancestry, though they may have done nothing great
or good themselves men are honored who have acquired great wealth,
however they may have gained it men are honored who possess great
intellectual gifts, even though they " wade through slaughter to a
throne and shut the gates of mercy on mankind." But God s heroes
are distinguished by different qualities. He ranks highest on the
honor roll of heaven who bears life s burdens most patiently, who uses
the talents committed to him most faithfully, and who does the
greatest amount of unselfish work for the glory of God and the good
of his fellow- creatures. The words of the Master are : If any man

serve me, him will my Father honor." In the Old Testament we find
a similar truth : " They that be wise shall shine as the brightness of
the firmament, and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars
forever and ever."

We have seen the truth of this great Scriptural principle of the
inferiority of the outward and material to the moral and spiritual,
illustrated in the sphere of our own observation. We know it as a
historic fact that a nation may possess a rich inheritance, and all the
elements of material prosperity, and yet be known as a country where
ignorance, superstition and political serfdom hold unbroken sway.
We must never forget that it is " righteousness that exalteth a nation."
Some of the greatest empires in history have crumbled jnto decay and
perished, because they had not the conserving salt of moral integrity.
So also we know that a man may gain riches and outward prosperity,
while all that is noble and generous in his better nature is dying out,
and he is becoming harder and more selfish. The case of the church
at Laodicea is a striking illustration. In their own esteem they were
" rich and increased with goods and had need of nothing ;" but in
God s sight they were " Avretched and miserable, and poor and blind
and naked." Oh ! for a prophet s voice to ring out above the din and
clamor of the mammon-worship of our times the great truth spoken by
our Lord, that " a man s life consisteth not in the abundance -of the
things which he possesseth."

The Value of Knowledge.

Both reason and Scripture testify to the value of knowledge and
the evils of ignorance. The fact that God has endowed us with facul
ties of observation and reflection and has spread around us fields of
knowledge for the exercise of these faculties shows that it is the pur
pose of our Creator that we should gather knowledge and be intelli
gent beings. What we call the sciences are simply the facts we have
observed in the works of the Creator, placed in orderly relations to
each other. As light to the eye, as music to the ear, as food to tho
body, so is the knowledge of the works and word of God to the mind.
To widen the gauge of our knowledge of truth, to strengthen and
develop the faculties with which our Maker has endowed us, to climb
steadily upward to loftier heights of mental and moral elevation from
which we can survey with broader and clearer vision the grand and
beautiful and true in God s universe, is the duty, the interest, and the
glorious privilege of all. If we fail to grow in knowledge, we must
fail in accomplishing the great ends of life. There might as well be
no truth or beauty in Nature, if we do not develop any capacity for
appreciating all that is revealed in her vast and varied resources.
Many have eyes but see not, and never have apprehended the sublime
truth of the Hebrew Psalmist, that " the heavens declare the glory of
God and the firmament showeth His handiwork." To such people we
may fitly propose the Poet s question :

" how canst thou renounce the boundless store of charms," etc.

The Scriptures tell us " for the soul to be without knowledge is not
good," and Hosea represents God as saying : " My people ai e destroyed

for lack of knowledge." Ignorance misleads and enslaves. Knowledge
emancipates and sheds light on the path of life. Ignorance prevents
mental growth and lessens happiness. It limits the power of useful
ness, and breeds superstitious credulity. The deepest moral degrada
tion is generally found associated with ignorance.

Religion Essential to True Education.

We must, however, never forget that, in educating men and
women for useful citizenship and the complex duties of life, Know
ledge alone is not sufficient. Religious character and religious
principles are needed to govern the conscience. This is what is meant
by the wisdom and the fear of the Lord of which the prophet speaks.

The views of men concerning life will determine their ideas as to
the kind of education the young should receive. Those who have low
views of man s place in the scale of being, and who think of life
mainly as an opportunity of gaining wealth and the pleasures of sense,
will have a correspondingly low conception of education, and will regard
it merely as a sharpening of the mental faculties for the secular busi
ness of life. But those who regard man as a being made in the divine
image, with an immortal and spiritual nature, to glorify God and enjoy
Him forever, will esteem education as a preparation to fit him for his
high duties and destiny as a child of God and an heir of immortality.
Moral integrity and Christian faith must be united with intellectual
acuteness and intelligence.

Faith in the great truths of our holy religion is the foundation of
moral obligation. I know that many disparage religious beliefs, and
deny the essential relationship of religion to right conduct. But right
beliefs are the roots from which right actions grow. If we believe
the Scriptural truths, that there is a holy all-seeing God to whom we
owe love and obedience that we are accountable beings, who shall be
judged according to our works that as God is our Father all men
are our brothers to whom we owe brotherly kindness that our per
sonal experience of the saving mercy of God qualifies and obligates us
to be witnesses for God and heralds of His grace to others, it will
hardly be denied by any one that the belief of such truths is eminently
adequate to influence and determine character and conduct.

We need religious faith for the motives it supplies and the
strength and consolation it affords in all the great emergencies of
existence. Out on the great battlefields of life there are fierce con
flicts to be fought heavy burdens to be borne, and arduous work to be
done ; and it largely depends upon the use that we make of the early
years of life, in acquiring useful knowledge and building up worthy
character, whether the result shall be victory or failure.

Religious Teaching in the Schools.

There is probably not much difference o opinion among Christian
people as to the importance of religious education. We all believe
that moral and religious training is as essential as the acquisition of
knowledge and the culture of the intellect to qualify for a right dis
charge of our duty as citizens and Christians.

It is in regard to the best way of achieving this result that differ
ences exist. I heartily believe in surrounding our schools and colleges
with moral and religious influences, so far as this can be done without
violating the conscientious convictions of parents or pupils. I have
never been able to see any good reason why the great truths of religion,
which we profess to hold in common, could not be taught in common
to all Christian children. But lam not in sympathy with all that is
said in some quarters in favor of religious or theological teaching in
the Public Schools. In their zeal for religious teaching, some are will
ing to break up our whole system of united education and substitute
a system of denominational schools. I believe any such scheme would
greatly lessen the efficiency of our schools, without increasing their
religious power. I cannot but think that united education, fellowship
in school life between those who are to work together in the future as
fellow citizens, is more patriotic and Christian than any system of
division. It seems to be assumed by those who advocate theological
teaching in our schools that the children must grow up without religion,
unless their plan is adopted. Such an assumption ignores the work of
the Christian churches. There are the regular services of the churches,
Sunday Schools for the young, an abundant supply of suitable religious
literature, and the influence of Christian homes, all aiming at the same
object. Are all these to be disparaged and ignored in the interest of a
theory ? As a matter of fact nineteen-twentieths and more of the
Godly Christian men and women in the different churches did not
receive their religious knowledge in the schools, but through other
Christian agencies. I have never seen any satisfactory evidence that
the children educated in church schools display a higher type of
moral character than those educated in national schools.

The loudest demand for theological teaching in the schools gener
ally comes from those who want to have the peculiar doctrines of their
creed taught, rather than the common principles of the Christian
religion. At least it is significant that the plea for so-called " volun
tary schools," is on the sectarian line, and not for united Christain
teaching. I do not deem it uncharitable to say that there is generally
more " churchianity " than Christianity in their demands. When
Christains are drawing closer together, when minor differences have
ceased to be magnified, and when the spirit of Christian union and
liberality is abroad, this is not the time to encourage any schemes of
sectarian division, inimical to the unity of our educational system.

The Times Require Sound Education.

The education of the coming men and women of a country is
always important, but the circumstances and tendencies of the present
time invest the question of the sound education of both head and heart
with special interest. We are laying the foundation of our national
life, and by the lives we live and the work we do at this formative
period of our history we largely determine what the future of our
country shall be. The change and progress that have taken place in
the past are prophetic of important work to be done in the coming
time, which will need good men and true to do it successfully. The

work of the church and of the state must be done with a wise recog
nition of the requirements of the times in which that work has to be
done. Whether we like it or dislike it power is going down to the
common people, and if we would avoid disaster they must be educated
to exercise that power wisely and soberly. Error and heresy are rife.
There are theories of agnosticism, materialism, and anti-supernatural
rationalism in the air, which, in whatever they differ, all tend to reject
or ignore the inspiration and authority of the Holy Scriptures. The
prevalence of such teaching requires a type of Christian who, without
bigotry or intolerance, will intelligently and earnestly contend for
" the faith which was once delivered unto the saints."

There are important social and political problems to be solved in
the coming years. Different remedies are presented by different
theorizers as their panacea for the ills that aifect humanity. They do
not reach the seat of the disease. Brethren, the only efficient remedy
for these ills is the practical application of the principles of the
religion of Christ in all the relations of human life.

A Defence of Individualism.

Some social reformers of our day disparage individualism and
talk as if society as a whole may, in some way that is not very clear,
be uplifted by the Church or State. But society is made up of indi
viduals, and it is just what the character of the individuals who com
pose it make it. There can be no such thing as a holy church made
up of unholy members. No nation can occupy a high place in the
scale of Christian civilization, if its people are ignorant and demoral
ized. If the members of a church are converted and consecrated men
and women, that church will be a powerful agency in the promotion
of every moral and social reform. If the people of a nation are intel
ligent and virtuous, that nation will be distinguished by progress and
stability, and shall not fail to be a force for truth and righteousness
in the world. The Apostle Peter, when speaking of the Christian
graces, says, " For if these things be in you and abound, they make
you that ye shall neither be barren nor unfruitful in the knowledge
of our Lord Jesus Christ." As the disciple of Him who preached to
the woman of Samavia at Jacob s well, we cannot afford to despise
efforts for the salvation of the individual. There is no way of elevat
ing nations or communities except by uplifting the individuals of
which they are composed. All the great reforms that have blessed
the world were begun by individual souls, who were inspired by some
high purpose. We have societies enough and to spare. The greatest
need of the world to-day is more men and women who will be living
epistles, illustrating the truth and power of religion in all spheres of
human life. We want them in the pulpit men of keen intelligence,
broad charity and sincere piety. We want them in our political and
judicial offices men of incorruptible integrity and true patriotism.
We want them as editors of our public journals men of broad unsec-
tional views, who will realize the sacredness of their work as educators
of public opinion. We want them in the marts of trade and com
merce men of unswerving uprightness, to whom wealth will be a

means of usefulness, and not a mere instrument of selfish gratification.
We want them in our Sunday Schools and Public Schools men and
women who feel it to be a grand and sacred thing to direct the first
awakenings of intellectual life and influence the destiny of immortal
beings. We want them everywhere men and women who shall
ennoble the lowly toil of daily life by the faith and patience with
which their work is done. Only by God s saving grace can we become
vessels unto honor having our spirit unto holiness. Brethren, " the
harvest truly is great, but the laborers are few." You who are yet
young, who are to carry the banners, which some of us must soon lay
down, have the inspiration of hope, as well as of gratitude, in
your work. Remember, you best serve your country and your God
by living useful unselfish lives. Let your motto be : " Not slothful
in business, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord." Though apparent
failures may discourage at times, no true work done for Christ and
humanity shall ever be in vain. In due season you shall reap, etc.
" Therefore, my beloved brethren, be ye steadfast, unmovable, always
abounding in the work of the Lord ; for as much as ye know that
your labour is not in vain in the Lord:"

Work for the good that is nighest

Dream not of greatness afar ;
That glory is ever the highest

Which shines upon men as they are.

Work though the world may defeat you,

Heed not its slander and scorn ;
Nor weary till angels shall greet you

With smiles through the gates of the morn.

What if the poor heart complaineth,

Soon shall its wailings be o er ;
For there, in the rest that remaineth,

It shall grieve and be weary no more.

UNVEILING OF PORTRAITS.

The ceremony of unveiling the portraits of past Principals of the
Normal School, past Head Mistresses of the Girls Model School, and
past Head Masters of the Boys Model School, took place in the Prin
cipal s lecture room, on Monday afternoon at 2 o clock, in the presence
of a large number of visitors. Hon. Geo. W. Ross, LL.D., Minister of
Education, occupied the chair and delivered an address in which he
outlined the history of the Toronto Normal School and welcomed all
those who had responded to the invitation of the Committee.

The portrait of Mr. Robertson was presented by the students of
the Normal School many years ago; those of Dr. Sangster, Dr. Davies,
the Head Mistresses of the Girls Model School, and the Head Masters
of the Boys Model School, were presented by the Education Department.

THOMAS JAFFRAY ROBERTSON, M.A.

David Fotheringham.

(Inspector, Public Schools, South York).

S^* If*

Thomas Jaffray Robertson, the first Head Master of the Toronto
Normal School, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in March, 1805, and was
the youngest son of Charles Robertson of the same place, Miniature
Painter.

He was educated at the Frinaiglian Institute in Dublin, and
entered Trinity College of that city, but through illness was unable to
take his degree. Proof of fidelity and success in his studies at Trinity
is to be found in the prizes awarded to Mr. Robertson while there, and
now in possession of his eldest son.

In the years 1827 and 1828 he held the position of Classical
Teacher in the Frinaiglian Institute. After which he passed into the
Irish office of Education ; and in May, 1832, was appointed an
Inspector of the National Schools, which involved a good deal of
travelling.

In 1838 Mr. Robertson was appointed Senior Assistant to the
General Superintendent of the National Schools, and soon after this

(10)

appointment married Amelia, daughter of Richard Nelson, Solicitor
of Dublin.

In July, 1845, Mr. Robertson was promoted, provisionally, to the
officeof Chief Inspectorof National Schoolsof Ireland, the Commissioners
of National Schools observing in the minutes of their proceedings that
" Mr. Thomas J. Robertson having had long experience in the business
" of School Inspection, and shewn the requisite knowledge and discrc-
" tion which are required for the due performance of the duties of such
" an office be appointed to carry the foregoing plan into effect at such
" time and under such regulations as the Board may hereafter prescribe."

In December of the same year (1845) Mr. Robertson was con
firmed in the office of Chief Inspector.

In 1847 Dr. Ryerson appears to have applied to the Commis
sioners of Education of Ireland asking them to select a person qualified
to take the Head Mastership of the Normal School in Toronto ; for in
a letter still in the possession of his family, and dated July 1st of that
year, the Secretaries of the Commissioners notify Mr. Robertson that, in
accordance with such application, the Commissioners had selected him
to fill that position.

Accepting this appointment, Mr. Robertson soon after crossed the
Atlantic in a sailing vessel, and reached Toronto early in September,
1847.

The Normal School was first opened in the Old Government House,
corner of King and Simcoe Streets, Mr. Robertson for a time occupying
with his family a suite of rooms on the second floor.

The old Parliament Buildings were at that time used as a lunatic
asylum.

Early in 1852, if not in 1851, it became necessary to vacate
Government House, as Toronto was to become the seat of Gov
ernment ; and, as the new Normal School buildings were not com
pleted, the Temperance Hall, on Temperance Street, was occupied for
a time.

Mr. Robertson of course entered the new buildings, when they
were completed, and continued his services in them till another
removal was made to the building in rear of that now called the Edu
cation Department, and known as the Model Grammar School. This
continues to be the home of the Normal School at the present date.

During the winter of 1865-6, Mr. Robertson s health failing him,
he was granted leave of absence ; and this was renewed in the summer
following; but he never recovered, and died on the 26th September,
1866, after a service of nearly twenty years, during the formative
period of our public school system.

In addition to his duties as Head Master of the Normal School,
Mr. Robertson acted for some years as Inspector of Grammar Schools
throughout Upper Canada.

In appearance Mr. Robertson was tall, erect and well filled out.
His favorite pastime was yachting ; and, during the months that
were open for that exercise, he wore the bronzed and breezy 1 ace of a
sturdy sailor ; and though he sometimes told his students in his
familiar moods that a gentleman could be told by the size and general

gracefulness of his hands and fingers, some fancied that he would
have preferred to be tried by his own standard in the winter season
rather than in the dog-days.

Thirty-one years after Mr. Robertson s demise, his widow at the
ripe age of 85 still survives her husband ; and all the children remain,
and are loyal Canadians on the stock of the sturdy Irish thorn. They
are the following : Thomas ./affray Robertson, Barrister-at-law, resi
dent at and ex- Mayor of Newmarket, to whom the writer is largely in
debted for the present exact and satisfactory outline of his father s
career.

Amelia M. Bristol, widow of the late Dr. Bristol, Napanee, Ont.

Llewellyn H. Robertson, of Toronto, Real Estate Agent.

Clementina Appelby, wife of R. S. Appelby, of Oakville, Ont.,
Barrister-at law.

Frederick C. Robertson, Chief Auditor of The Pullman Palace Car
Co., Chicago.

Isabel Lewis, wife of 0. R. Lewis, Q. C., Toronto.

Did time permit, some interesting incidents of Mr. Robertson s life
could be given. One at least may be mentioned. While discharging
tli. duties of Inspector in Ireland, he had to travel through some out-
oi: -the-way places, and in one of these he was taken for a Process-
Si Tver, an officer for whom the Irish people entertained a holy horror,
and was only saved from serious maltreatment by the timely inter
vention of the Roman Catholic priest of that place. This, Mr. Robert
son took pride in saying, was only a sample of the generosity, hos
pitality and consideration shown uniformly by the clergy of that
church, as well as those of other churches, while travelling through
Ireland.

The nature and merit of Mr. Robertson s services as first Head
Master of the Toronto Normal School do not enter into the scope of
the monograph asked from the writer. But it may be said, he was a
stalwart who had little to do with the fine distinctions of psychology
and child-study, but much to do with the foundation j&gt;rinciples of
grammatical analysis and synthesis, the immutable laws of the pheno
mena of physical geography, and the erection of a clearly defined
skeleton of ancient and modern history on which, at their leisure, his
students could build the full, symmetrical story of man s life, labors
and progress on the earth.

Mr. Robertson s strong, rugged character and direct ways stamped
themselves on many of his students who, to this day, testify that he
confirmed, if he did not originate in them, sturdy, energetic, thorough
going ways and methods that still stand the survivors in good stead,
among the many devices now popular for making the royal road to
learning less masculine, less a road of effort and overcoming, and more
a road of theorizing, of wooing and sugar-coating.

The impress of this bold, fearless educator as a pioneer in Normal
School work still stands out as a stimulus to bold, energetic, thorough
going methods in educational and national efforts for Canadian
progress.

J. HERBERT SANGSTER, M.A., M.D.

jt jt
Rev. R. P. McKay, B.A.

(A Student of the 35th Session).
Jt

It is my privilege and pleasure to unveil the portrait of a man
whom I always esteemed, and to whose influence I am indebted.

There are two elements in education that are indispensable with
out which a man can neither be educated nor be an educationist. 1. He
must use his own powers, be they great or small. He must not be
simply a rehearser of the results of other men s labours reaping where
others have sown. He must learn to use his own powers of observa
tion, and induction and imagination. He must think for himself.
The primary use of the results of other men s thoughts, as far as
education is concerned, is the development of that power of indepen
dent effort within ourselves. 2. He must in the second place be
capable of severe and continued application. Great efforts can alone
produce great results. That is the universal law, even of the greatest
minds. We must pay the price. He that saveth his life shall lose it,
has an application wider than simply the spiritual.

Dr. Sangster has these two qualifications. That is seen both in
the quality and quantity of work he has done. I well remember how
his students used to speak about him as a prodigy in these respects.
How in addition to his professional work, he snatched time to acquire
.an extensive knowledge of Botany, Chemistry, and Medicine. How
he prepared books on Algebra, and Arithmetic, and Chemistry, and
Natural History, which books were for a time used as text books in
our schools, and did their part in the development of that splendid
system of education of which the country is so justly proud.

Dr. Sangster not only worked himself, but I can testify that he made
his students work. I can well remember how he used " to pile Ossa
on Pelion and never relent," while the students sometimes despaired.
But I am quite sure that the example of his own indefatigable appli
cation led many a student to similar effort such as they otherwise
would not have put forth.

I should like to add another quality essential in an educationist.
Dr. Sangster kept before his students a high moral purpose. Never
did I forget the farewell address Dr. Sangster gave the class at the
end of the session. When he solemnly impressed upon us the respon
sibilities of the teaching profession, the influence for good or evil we
were to have in the lives of children the necessity for watchful
ness as to the details of life, and especially the necessity of keeping
the heart pure if the words and actions were also to be pure. That
address remained with me a, living power, and it is a pleasure to be
able to express it in Dr. Sangster s presence.

Comparisons are invidious, but all are agreed that Dr. Sangster
has earned the right to be enrolled as one of the leading educationists
in this Province, and it is with peculiar pleasure I now unveil this,
his portrait.

REV. HENRY W. DAVIES, M.A., D.D.

.* ^

Charles A. Barnes, M.A.

(Inspector, t ublic Schools, Lambton No. 1).

&* (*

It affords me the greatest possible pleasure to be present with you
on this very important occasion to celebrate with you the half-century
jubilee of the establishment of this Normal School. As I understand
it, Sir, this school was established in 1847, but the corner stone of this
present structure was laid on the 2nd of July 1851, by Lord Elgin, who
was at that time Govenor-General of Canada. On that occasion the
Noble Lord gave expression to the following : " It gives me unfeigned
pleasure to know that the youth of this country who are destined in
their maturer years to meet in civil life on terms of perfect civil and
religious equality, are receiving an education so well fitted to qualify
them for the proper discharge of the important duties of life, and also
associated under such conditions as are likely to promote the growth
of those Christian graces, mutual respect, forbearance and charity."
And Sir, I believe the same spirit has actuated those who have been
responsible for the work carried on within these walls during the past
fifty years. I believe the teachers have endeavored to inculcate into
the minds and hearts of the students the principles enunciated by
Lord Elgin ; so that they should go forth in the different pathways of
life saturated with the principles of good citizenship, and carrying with
them the essential qualifications for making life a success. They should
go forth bearing those influences which are calculated to raise a type
of manhood and of womanhood whose very lives would be a benedic
tion to others and a credit to those teachers who trained them. They
should go forth to carry on the busy work of life, and show by life and
character that the training received within these walls had been
ot inestimable value in the development of a high type of Christian
citizenship. How important therefore, that we, as teachers and edu
cators should realize the responsibility that rests upon us, that we
should remember, that the boys and girls in our public schools, the
young men and the young women in our high schools, our normal
schools, our colleges and universities, will soon be out into the broad,
busy world, engaged in its conflicts, and that upon the face, heart
and soul of these pupils and students will lie the reflected image of
the teacher. How essential that we should be thoroughly equipped
for our work, that we should be thinkers and not machines, that we
should be men and women of original ideas, lofty purposes, and sure
and steady aim, rather than the fossilized relics of past ages.

Again, I have said that I am glad to be with you to-day, but not
withstanding the pleasure and enjoyment which I experience in being
present with you, there are traces of sadness and sorrow mingled
with it. I look around me and ask myself the question, " Where are
those who were my classmates and my associates in this Normal
School years ago " ? I see a few of them here to day. Many of them
are scattered here and there over this continent, carrying on the great
work of life, and some lie yonder in the cemetery of the city from

which I come, and some I doubt not in the cemetery of this city, and
some here and there in the different parts of this province; they have
finished their labors and have gone home to the great school above
where the Lord Jesus Christ Himself shall preside ; where the uni
verse shall be the curriculum of study and eternity shall be the
time for graduation.

Again, I see before me some of those who were teachers when I
was a student in the Normal School. I see the present Principal and
Vice-Principal, who stand shoulder to shoulder engaged in the great
work of training and educating the young people of this Province, and
sending them forth to be a blessing to the country in which they live,
but I look in vain for the face and form of him who at that time
occupied the position and assumed the responsibilities of the Principal-
ship. The flood of years of which Bryant speaks has taken him too,
and I look back in my memory and I call to mind the many
acts of kindness that I received from the Rev. Dr. Davies. I
call to mind his genial smile and his pleasant countenance as often
I went to his private room for advice, for assistance and for
instruction. And as I perform the duty that devolves upon me to-day,
by request of your committee, I do it with pleasure mingled with sad
ness and regret. As I unveil the portrait of the Rev. Dr. Davies, a
portrait painted in enduring colors to typify the imperishable worth
and the imperishable renown of its original, I trust it may remain
for ages to come where we place it to-day within these walls.
And as we look upon it in the future, may we all be reminded
of the genial nature and personal worth of him, who for nearly a
quarter of a century occupied the high, honorable and responsible posi
tion of Principal of this Normal School. Sir, I cannot say more, my
heart tells me of many things which I cannot find language to express
to you to-day, but ere another half century shall come and go, doubt
less you and I and many others in this assembly to-day shall have
passed on into the great future that lies before us. Others will rise to
take our places and to carry on the work of life and to perform duties
similar to those performed by us to-day. But I trust the portrait
which I have this day unveiled will ever remain as a memorial of
this gathering and as a tribute to the memory and personal worth
of him who for so many years performed good and noble service in
connection with this Normal School.

MRS. DORCAS CLARK AND MISS M. ADAMS.

&lt;
Mrs. Nasmith.

(A former pupil of The Girls Model School).
t^* i?*

Mrs. Dorcas Clark occupied the position of Head Mistress of the
Girls Model School, Toronto, from January, 1852 until June, 1865, and
during that time, by her energy and capability, she helped largely to
build up the reputation which the institution so deservedly enjoys.
She was one who combined, in an unusual degree, those womanly

virtues which adorn the quietest life with those qualities which go to
make a successful teacher. Full of ambition for her pupils, she
inspired them with her own enthusiasm, and nothing pleased her more
than to know of their success either in school or in after life. In her
time, Toronto University had not opened its doors to women ; they
could not even attend a High School ; had it been otherwise, there is
no doubt that some of her scholars would have won honors in these
institutions, for she gave freely of her time and strength, both before
and after school hours, to bring her backward pupils up to the required
standard, or to help her ambitious ones to higher attainments. Having
herself encountered and overcome difficulties in preparing for teaching,
she was well able to encourage those in like straits, and delighted to
tell how, in the many occupations of a busy life, she yet found time to
n t herself for her beloved profession.

Energetic in disposition, she yet was gentle in her discipline,
easily winning the affection of her pupils, and governing largely by
love. Severe rebukes were seldom needed ; to most of her charge a
word of reproof was enough.

Her teaching was not confined to the school curriculum ; she
taught her pupils respect for authority, regard for the feelings of
others, and absolute sincerity in word and action. She taught them
the dignity of labor ; lenient with many faults, she was intolerant of
idleness, reckoning it the blackest sin of the school-room. Many other
moral lessons she taught, as well by her life as by her words ; crown
ing all with the lesson from the wisest of men, that " The fear of the
Lord is the beginning of wisdom."

In the thirty and more years that have gone since she left Toronto
and the Model School, her scholars have been scattered to all parts of
the world ; and some, the brightest and sweetest, have journeyed to
that " undiscovered country," but she still lives, not claiming yet a
total respite from labor, but enjoying the consciousness of a life spent
for the good of others, and realizing that " not happiness apart from
service, but the happiness of added service, is the highest reward of
one who serves faithfully."

Her scholars look back with pleasure to the years spent under
her care, and more than one would offer her, in her western home,
their tribute of loving regard, taking for their own the words of
Whittier :

They part ; but in the years to be
Shall pleasant memories cling to each,
As shells bear inward from the sea
The murmur of the rhythmic beach.

And one shall never quite forget

The voice that called from dream and play,

The firm but kindly hand that set

Ber feet in learning s pleasant way."

Miss Adams began to teach in the Central School, Hamilton at
a very early age ; she won there the affection of her scholars and the
regard of her fellow-teachers ; but it was in the Toronto Model School

that she earned her highest honors and was recognized as amongst
those at the head of the profession. Conscientious almost to severity,
she looked for the same upright dealing in her class and thus estab
lished among them a high standard of honor. Expecting the best
from her pupils, and letting her expectations be known, she naturally
obtained from them proportionate results. These results were appar
ent in the exceptional standing of those of her pupils who passed into
the Normal School, also at the sessional examinations. By her fellow-
teachers, Miss Adams was held in the highest regard ; she was always
ready to assist them to the utmost of her power, and proved herself a
true friend in any difficulty ; and her good judgment in dealing with
the perplexing questions which at times confront every teacher, was
acknowledged by all. Though only occupying her position for the
comparatively short period of three years her influence remained ; and
the lessons of patience, perseverance and self-denial that she taught,
more by example than by precept, have been potent in moulding the
characters of some of Toronto s noble women to this day.

The following letter from Mrs. Clark, the first head mistress of
the Girls Model School, now residing in San Francisco, was read by
the Secretary, Mr. Scott :

To the teachers and friends of education assembled to com
memorate the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of the Toronto
Normal School, please present the true, heartfelt, loyal greetings of
an ex-student on the far distant shores of the Pacific.

When the portraits of past principals are unveiled, I shall be with
you in spirit, my plaudits mingling with those of the confraternity in
ascribing honor to the first principal, Thos. J. Robertson, who was at
the head of affairs when I was a student in the years 1849-50.

Since I left Canada, I have been associated with learned men and
famed educators, but have not seen Mr. Robertson s equal as a
systematizer, as an original thinker, as a humanist, as a disciplinarian,
while in executive ability, he stands peerless

To his classes Mr. Robertson was an inspiration. On sultry after
noons he would glance at the students, select the languid, faint
hearted, homesick members, and invite them to take a sail with him
after lecture hours. (Mr. Robertson was a skilful yachtsman.) On
or before sunset he would land them safely, and escort them to his
residence, where Mrs. Robertson would receive them with tender,
motherly courtesy, and assisted by her two charming daughters, regale
them with tea, cakes and exquisite music. After careful escort to
their several homes, thtey were enjoined not to study that evening, but
to retire at once and sleep soundly. Who can estimate the worth of
such fatherly attention and protecting care ?

I herewith desire to present to any member of Mr. Robertson s
family that may be present my grateful, loving remembrance and
deep, tender sympathy. May the Lord make His face shine upon
them, and be very gracious to them.

On reaching this coast, my credentials from the Toronto Normal
School introduced me to the leaders in the school department of San
2

Francisco, who at once ranked me with the highest class of educators,
bestowing on me gratuitously a first-class State certificate and a life
diploma. Of course, I was fully aware of the fact that all these
marks of respect were not personal, but arose from their desire to do
honor to the institution of which I was for the time a representative.

So I will pray for the prosperity of the Toronto Normal School.
For my brethren and companions sakes, I will now say, peace be
within thee.

Yours respectfully,

DORCAS CLARK.

MRS. CULLIN.

t^* &lt;^*

Miss Caven,

(A former pupil of The Girls Model School).
J* Jt

I have been asked to say a few words in remembrance of Mrs.
Cullen, third Head Mistress of the Girls Model School. She
was a woman of prepossessing and dignified appearance. In repose
her face had a very thoughtful almost a severe expression, but who, of
those who knew her, does not love to recall that face when a smile
broke over it.

Mrs. Cullen possessed great strength of character, but this only
made more conspicuous her amiability, her benevolent and sympa
thetic disposition, and all the gentler qualities of her nature. As a
teacher she had much ability and achieved great success. She was
characterized by her knowledge, zeal and patience ; her patience
indeed seemed inexhaustible. In a very striking degree, she was con
siderate of the feelings of her pupils. No one not even the most
timid or the dullest was afraid to attempt an answer to a question,
to ask an explanation or to confess ignorance of any subject ; and her
sympathy with those who failed in winning honors forbade anything
like boastfulness on the part of successful pupils.

Mrs. Cullen was indeed an ideal to many a girl who passed
through the Model School. As little children we admired her gracious,
dignified manner ; and as we passed into her division and got to know
her well, we felt the beauty of her character. Hers was a silent
influence but powerful and persuasive, and it is not too much to say
that Mrs. Cullen s influence was a great factor in moulding the char
acter of many a Model School girl. To-day all her old pupils must
rejoice to see this tribute of respect paid to her memory.

MESSRS. LCWEY, McCALLUM, FOTHERINGHAM AND CARLYLE.

j* &lt;
David Ormiston, B,A.

(A former teacher in the Boys Model School).
(5 c*

Fellow graduates of the Toronto Normal School it is with pleasure
I meet you here on this occasion, when words of kindly remembrance
are said of those who ably and skilfully managed the affairs of work

of the Normal and Model Schools during the first years of their exis
tence and also after they had come to their full stature in the educa
tional machinery of our country.

The authorities of the Normal School very soon discovered that
the work undertaken by them the training of teachers for successful
work in our schools could not be accomplished unless there was a
public or common school where the teachers in training could
see a school conducted in a proper manner and also be allowed
to take a part in the teaching and have their work criticized and their
mistakes pointed out by competent teachers. Hence, in February
1848, the Model School was opened with Mr. Lowey as the first Head
Master, a teacher from one of the eastern counties, who was supposed
to be the best qualified for the position at the time ; a man of kindly
disposition and agreeable manners who would doubtless have bem a
success in the new work, but before the end- of the year he was called
away by death, leaving his work, one might say, just commenced,

Mr. Archibald McCallum, a graduate of the Normal School was
selected to take his place and became the second Head Master, and for
ten years he honorably filled that situation and was well known and
greatly loved and esteemed by all the old students of the Normal
School. He loved his work and was never more happy than when
surrounded by a crowd of his pupils. A man of great tenacity and
persistency in accomplishing what he undertook and considered to be
right, but yet so unwilling to give offence or hurt the feelings of others,
that at times he appeared to yield, but only for a little until he could
accomplish the desired end without alienating the sympathy or affec
tion of those he felt constrained to oppose. Then, too, many of us
remember how often a kind word from him cheered us as we, feeling
thoroughly disheartened and wishing we were again at home engaged
in the quiet duties of rural life, came out of one of the Model School
class rooms, where for half an hour we had been endeavoring to teach
a class of forty boys, each of whom was, from past practice, fully
prepared to give us all the annoyance he could and not break the
regulations of the school.

As one of hi 5 assistants for a time, I had a good opportunity of
knowing his firm adherence to truth and duty, and his readiness at all
times, to assist anyone striving to obtain knowledge. For ten years
he successfully presided over the School, and was in 1858 selected by
the Board of Education of Hamilton to take charge of the Central
School there, the largest and best public school in the Province, and
ultimately became Inspector of Hamilton schools, which position he
filled until his death at a comparatively early age. I have no doubt
his close application to his duties while at the same time spending
many hours in close study to obtain a University degree and accurate
knowledge in advanced subjects undermined a naturally strong consti
tution and somewhat shortened a useful life.

The third Head Master was appointed in May 1858, and I am glad
to say is still among us engaged in school work, Mr. David Fothering-
ham, who has this afternoon given us such a concise and accurate his
torical sketch of the greatly esteemed first Principal of the Normal
School. He, too, is a Scotchman or more correctly an Orkney man,

possessing the characteristics of the inhabitants of these small northern
Isles, one of which is determination to succeed in whatever he under
takes. He, as might be expected, was a graduate of the Normal School,
and was, at the time of his appointment to the head mastership, an assis
tant in the Model School. He was a strict disciplinarian and was sure to
have the school where he presides in first-class order. I sometimes
thought he was just a little too strict to have every small matter of
detail carried out. For some reason he did not remain long in this
position but resigned to take a situation elsewhere, with the intention,
like so many of his countrymen, of studying for the ministry. But
from this he was turned on account of ill health, and after teaching
fora time he became, in 1 87 t , Inspector of Public Schools in North
York, a difficult position which he filled so well, that a few years
ago on the death of Mr. Hodgson, Inspector of South York, Mr.
Fotheringham was appointed to the vacancy, and he now presides
over the destinies of the schools all around this fine city. And sir,
though I have never visited those schools, from my knowledge of the
man and his determination to have all things done rightly and in
order, I am sure the school houses and schools in that riding stand
among the best of the land, and it is my sincere wish that he may long
be spared to inspect these schools. May his portly figure never grow less.
And now a word about the fourth Head Master, Dr. James Carlyle,
a relative of the celebrated Chelsea Seer, whose name will be honored
and revered as long as the English language is read. He, too, is a
Scotchman, but if not born, he was at least educated and trained in
Canada, hence a true Canadian. A man of fine appearance, and for
many years a faithful, painstaking teacher and educationist. While
attending the Normal School in 1854, he, his brother William and
myself boarded at the same place and tried to be helpful to one another.
On the resignation of Mr. FotLeringham in 1858, Mr. Carlyle was
selected by the Chief Superintendent for the position, which he held
for thirteen years with advantage to the school, honor to himself and
satisfaction to the department, as was shown by his being placed as
Mathematical Master in the Normal School. He filled this position
till 1893, when, owing to failing health, he had to resign and retire to
private life. He began the practice of medicine, for which be had
prepared himself while performing his arduous duties in the Model
School. And I am sure we all very much regret that he is not able
to be here and take part in these jubilee exercises of the Normal
School which he loved so well.

MESSRS. HUGHES, SCOTT AND CLARKSON.

c* t*

Chas. A. Hodgetts, M.D.

(A former pupil of the Boys Model School).
J*

" Sweet memory wafted by thy gentle gale,
Up the stream of "Time " 1 turn my sail
To view the haxuits of long lost hours."

And what more delightful to an "Old Model Boy" than to recall the
happy hours spent under his old masters in those halls when to study

was a pleasure, and kindness won our young hearts and holds them
still. Truly, happy memories cluster around the names of James L.
Hughes, Wm. Scott and Charles Clarkson, and many are the hearts
which beat with affection towards these masters of our earlier-
years, for

" Lull d in the countless chambers of the brain "

are the good impressions which they made.

Beginning alike their studies in rural schools, when they laid the
foundations for the educational superstructures which are now actively
identified with some branch of educational work in the Province ;
passing through the Normal School they each in turn became masters
in the Boys Model School.

The name of James f *. Hughes was not so familiar in the homes of
Toronto in April, 1867, when he was appointed second assistant master,
as it is now. From that date, however, his career has been one of
marked success. He became Head Master of the school in July, 1871,
and resigned it in May, 1874, to accept the position he now occupies of
Inspector of Public Schools for the City of Toronto. During the twenty-
three years of his inspectorship, the expansion of the public school
system has been great, while the standard in all respects is such that
we may safely say he has made " Model Schools " of all under his
supervision, and thus tens of thousands of all classes in the community
have every reason to love and respect him none, however, rejoice
more at his success than do his " Old Model Boys," in whose hearts he
holds an enduring place, won by his kind words of encouragement,
his warm personal influence, shown in the studies of each and all of
us, and the influence for good he has had upon our characters and
lives.

The career of William Scott, B.A., has been equally successful as
that of his immediate predecessor, though possibly in a less public
manner. Appointed to the Model School in October, 1869, he acted as
assistant master for five years, was then promoted to the Head Master
ship in May, 1874, and occupied the position until August, 1 882, when he
was appointed to the Mathematical Mastership of the Normal School,
Ottawa. He returned from that city to occupy his present position ;is
Vice- Principal in the Normal School here. The honorable and impor
tant appointment Mr. Scott now holds has been won by perseverance
and careful attention to detail. Thoroughness has ever characterized
his life and work, and pupils, be they young or old, have each alike
felt the example of his life and work as influences for good, and we
feel sure the standard of our future teachers will be higher, their
manhood more enriched and ennobled by being brought under his
influence.

Charles Clarkson, B.A., began his studies in the Normal School in
1866, and was appointed Head Master of the Model School in Septem
ber, 1882, and resigned in December, 1886. At present he occupies
the position of Principal of the Seaforth Collegiate Institute, where
he finds greater scope for the exercise of his scientific attainments.
Ever kind and sympathetic in manner to his pupils, he too has the

confidence, esteem and well wishes of many an " Old Model School
Boy."

Though the boys of the " old school " are scattered wide in every
zone, filling almost every calling in life, surrounded with the respon
sibilities and cares of mature years, they one and all unite in the wish
that their old masters may long be spared to the cause of education,
and trust in their latter years not the least bright spot in memory s
exhaustless mine may be the one clustering around The Model School
and their old boys, whose esteem and affection they will ever hold ;
and when sinks life s setting sun may the enlightened souls of masters
and scholars alike be found where perfection of knowledge is only
attainable.

Parvum non parvge amicitite pignus. "

III.

REMINISCENT SPEECHES.

The Reminiscent Speeches were made in the Public Hall of the
Education Department, on Monday afternoon, commencing at three
o clock, Hon. Geo. W. Ross, LL.D., Minister of Education, acted as chair
man. Great interest was taken in the meeting by those present, as
much of the heretofore unwritten history of the school was presented
in a very natural and apt manner. The speakers were selected by
the committee so as to represent the whole of the early period in the
history of the school.

Mrs. Catharine Fish.

(A former teacher in the Girls Model School).

t* w*

It gives me great pleasure to be here to-day on the invitation of
your committee to give a few reminiscences of my connection with the
Toronto Normal School.

The Good Book teaches us to " Offer unto God thanksgiving and
praise, and as I take a retrospective view of the years in which I was
connected with this institution, I realize truly the lines have fallen
to me in pleasant places, and, in the knowledge here acquired, I had a
goodly heritage, which has been a benediction to me and mine in later
years.

So many things come clustering in my mind, I know not to which
I should give utterance. I think of the pure, noble and generous
Christian, Dr. Ryerson, who conceived and then so worked as to bring
those conceptions to a glorious issue, viz., the founding of our Provin
cial Normal and Model Schools, and our great system of National
Schools

Then my mind calls up the highly cultured and earnest teacher,
the first Head Master of the Normal School, T. J. Robertson also
the kind-hearted and sympathetic Archibald McCallum. These have
passed to receive their reward their works do follow them.

One other name connected with the institution in my day was
the genial, whole-souled friend of us all, Dr. Ormiston, now of
California.

As the rose doth its fragrance impart
To the basket in which it is laid,
Whether wrought of pure gold or of braid ;
So, receiving wise men in thy heart,
Thou shalt tind, when their persons depart.
That their wisdom behind them hath stayed.
[231

With Mrs. Clark I had the happinness of opening and for some
years teaching in the Girls Model School. On my retiring, two new
teachers were engaged. Dr. Ryerson, in speaking of the fact to me,
playfully remarked, " You see it takes two to fill the vacancy."

Mrs. Clark is living in California, enjoying a ripe old age, her
passion for teaching still upon her. She conducts a large Bible class
every Lord s Day. My lot in life has been cast in many places, and
in my wanderings I have met many of our pupils, filling important
positions in the home and in the country.

Others of my co-laborers in this school have risen to distinction
in the literary and scientific world, occupying positions of responsibility
and trust. Some I am happy to greet at this auspicious hour.

I often now wonder how I had the courage to apply for the
situation, never having had any experience in teaching, and being
comparatively young in years. Well do I remember with what trem
bling -at first did I behold our Chief, coming in with some of the
foremost men and women in the work of education in other lands, but
I soon learned to trust these as my best friends. The old Doctor had
a fondness for mental arithmetic, and often he would ask me what was
the lesson for the hour, then would kindly say, " Would you mind
giving us a little mentfl arithmetic ? " We were all, I think
rather fond of our work in this department, and it was a source
of much criticism at our public examinations, by some university
students and others, who confidently asserted those questions could
not be performed in the head without having been previously worked
out and committed. The girls were too clever for them in that line.

Many changes, and, I presume, improvements have taken place in
the buildings as well as in the manner of conducting the work of the
Institution since those days ; all of which I have noted with great
delight, never having lost my interest in these things, and surely
have I proved true another saying of the late Dr. Ryerson s, "No matter
if the young ladies do not teach many years in the school-house, they
have to be teachers all their lives, and if we can educate the motht rs
of our country, we shall have accomplished much that we desire."
When our children come to us with the much- talked -about homework,
naturally the mother is appealed to for help, and happy is that mother
and those children if the needed help can be obtained. Nothing
makes me feel so young as to be with and try to help the youth around
me to be happy by being useful and good.

All education, I think, should aim at preparation for life work.
To my mind, after the ordinary English branches have been mastered,
every child should be taught that which he feels will best fit
him for his future. Home training for the girls, I am afraid, is
sadly neglected in these days. If mothers would have their daughters
capable of presiding over and making happy the inmates of homes of
their own, they should see to it that while mental culture is not
neglected, practical home work should go hand in hand with it. You
will readily perceive mine has been a practical life, not an ideal one.
So should every life be to be happy, filled up with work-
intellectual, moral or physical, or a little of all, helping to make the
world better than we found it.

Then should we have a practical and pleasing illustration of the
words of the wise man :

" She openeth her mouth with wisdom, and in her tongue is the
law of kindness."

" She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not
the bread of idleness."

Where are our early lessons,

The teachings of our youth,
The countless words forgotten,
Of knowledge and of truth ?
Not lost ! for they are living still.
As power to think and do and will.

Where is the seed we scatter,

With weak and trembling hand,
Beside the gloomy waters,

Or on the arid land I
Not lost ! for after many days,
Our prayer and toil shall turn to praise.

Whore, where are all God s lessons,

His teachings dark or bright !
Not lost ! but only hidden,

Till in eternal light
We see, while at His feet we full,
The reasons and result of all.

Emily II. Stowe, M.D., writes from Redwood, Lake Joseph,
Ontario, on October 26th, 1897 :

With feelings of deep regret I inform you that unforseen events
have occurred that will prevent my return to Toronto until after the
date appointed for the jubilee. I should very much have enjoyed
being present on that auspicious occasion. As one of the early students
my remembrance covers a lapse of time marked by many changes for
the better in our educational system.

It is with much pleasure that I contemplate what the Normal
School has done for the women of Canada.

She was the first to open the doors to woman s higher education;
first to recognize equality in the ability of the sexes to compete in the
halls of learning, and first to establish a system of co-education. All
hail to our Provincial Normal School ! She has built our national
education on a basis of justice and equity, silently projecting a force
that has ultimately opened the higher institutions of learning our
universities, colleges and law schools.

Again expressing my sincere regret for absence on so great an
occasion as the jubilee of so revered an institution as the Provincial
Normal School.

I am, with regret,

Yours sincerely,

EMILY H. STOWE, M.D.

William Carlyle.

(Inspector, Public Schools, Oxford ).

In giving reminiscences of the Normal School.. I must of necessity
lie personal. My remarks shall centre around three gentlemen :
Thomas Jaflfray Robertson, Principal ; the Reverend William Ormiston,
Master, and Mr. S. P. Robins, Teacher, then in the Provincial Model
School, and also in the Normal School, now Principal of the McGill
Normal School, Montreal.

I attended two sessions, the 10th, 1853, and the 14th, 1855. Then
a young, verdant lad from the farm, with a year s experience of teach
ing in a rural school, and seeking light, I entered the Normal School. I
had been given a letter of introduction to Mr. Ormiston by another
Scotchman who had met the former in the county I lived in, and
assisted him in demolishing two opposing disputants in debate on the
Clergy Reserve question, then rampant in the public mind.

Mr. Ormiston had electrified his newly-made acquaintance as well
as his opponents with a torrent of eloquent denunciation and fervid
invective. The latter was a friend of my father s household, hence
the introduction which proved the prelude to a protracted intercourse
with a man whom I soon recognized as a true friend and benefactor, and
in many respects to me the most wonderful man I ever met.

With Mr. Robertson, one of the first cultured minds, I, as a lad,
enjoyed the privilege of meeting, I did not suddenly cultivate
acquaintance. His teaching of English Grammar was a revelation
and an inspiration to me. But for weeks I avoided him, never
during the greater portion of my first term exchanging a word with
him. save in answering his class questions. That massive forehead
with curly black locks, something of the head of a Dickens, that
swarthy complexion, those black eyes sheltered beneatli shaggy brows
that knit and lowered upon one with a mixture of disdain and sup
pressed threatenings, a mirthful twinkle, notwithstanding, glinting
out of their corners, constituted for me a very uncertain study ;
while the beard and a heaviness in the lower portion of the face ren
dered easily possible the darkening of that already dark face, with a
scowl filled with terrors to most of us.

My introduction to him became possible at the middle of the
term. He kept before him in the class-room a register of our names
and addresses in which he apparently made notes of our class work.
When a student was to be questioned, a name was selected and the
possessor pinioned.

" Mr. Carlyle, Delhi," was read one day. My turn had come.

" Where are you, Mr. Carlyle ? Oh ! by the way, are you any
relation to the Great Mogul ?" For a moment the silence could be felt.

" Yes, Kit- ; I believe 1 am his uncle."

After the cheering of the students subsided, " I beg your pardon,
Mr. Carlyle ! "

Of the genuineness of that apology, I was not quite sure, and felt
it safer to take it with a grain of salt. Ever afterwards, we were
friends.

His teachings in pedagogy could be summarized in one sentence :
" Draw forth the good in a child, suppress the bad." As a teacher, he
sought to reach the understanding and succeeded, his patience never
failing him. Mere memoriter work parrot exercises he had no use
for. He elucidated every subject he touched, Grammar and History
especially. Those of us who took private tuition from him in Classics
found him even stronger in these than in the subjects of the Normal
School curriculum.

Of William Ormiston, possibly I am not an impartial critic. His
influence over me was so complete that I scarcely maintained my indi
viduality in his presence.

With rapidly uttered and tersest diction, flavored, to my taste
with a strong element of Scotch, he tired his burning thought into my
untutored mind, lodging his instructions there never to be obliterated.

To me he was teacher and text-book. His utterances, repeated
one day, I could reproduce verbatim the next. He took full possession
of me for the time. I was filled with his thought. My imagination
kindled at the touch of his, and every fibre of my awakening intellect
vibrated and thrilled under the spell of his eloquence, that swept me
whither he willed. As a man he became my ideal. As a teacher he
created within me a thirst for teaching that can never be quenched.

Two instances of his marvellous power over his pupils may be

given.

He was at the blackboard dashing down some chemical notation.
Behind him and certainly out of his sight were two inattentive, trifling
but noiseless lady students. He talked as he wrote, eloquent even in
Chemistry, and without any seeming interruption to his theme or
change of voice he interjected, " Will those two ladies leave the room!"
and down went the Chemistry, on went his talk and on went the ladies
to the door of the room, in tears before reaching it.

It was a privilege of the students to leave with him problems in
Mathematics to be distributed in the class for solution. A quadratic
fell to my lob, that proved a severe test. From seven in the evening
until two in the morning and again from five till the ringing of the
quarter to -nine bell for lectures the same morning, I wrestled with it
before I could verify my solution of it and have it ready for his
inspection before the class. Such was my regard for the man, and
such my high estimate of his good opinion of me, that rather than
return to the class reporting a failure, although having earned the
money, save what 1 had borrowed, to support me while at school, I
should never have entered his class-room again.

Mr. S. P. Robins taught me how to teach. I had not, before
meeting him, seen his equal as a teacher. I have never since. If Mr.
Robertson laid bare to my comprehension what in academic work had
before been dark or even a total blank, and elevated me towards the
high, broad plane of his conception of education ; if Mr. Ormiston
gave me some appreciation of the majestic grandeur of educational
work and inspired me with devotion to it, Mr. Robins taught me the
science of teaching through means of the practice of the art. The
masters of the Normal School operated upon me. They taught me

the academic work as I might in turn teach it to others. Mr. Robins
operated upon boys and demonstrated to rne how to reach the under
standing of children with instruction that at times escaped my own
grasp in the higher institution. He taught me the lessons he taught
the boys while teaching me to teach. In all my teaching since and
inspection of the teaching of others, his teacher s technique has been
my ideal and standard. At any moment I can recall him in those old
gallery-rooms filled with boys. Short in stature and then also slim,
he moved about nimble footed among the pupils, his nearer presence
inciting them to greater effort. Nearsightedness causing him to peer
into their exercises, adding earnestness of manner to an intensely
earnest and sympathetic face, while xapturned to his were the anxious
faces of the pupils awaiting look of approval or hint of direction. No
goody, goody talk. No coddling of the boys. He treated them as
little men and they responded as men. That voice so pure, so flexible,
that exact enunciation, and that clear flow of connected thought dealt
out in easy steps of correct thinking that the pupils might keep step
with him and arrive with him at the same conclusion, still hold me as
with a charm. I have witnessed his work in the class-room, when his
indescribable tact aroused his pupils to such continuous mental applica
tion that I could have begged him to slacken his hold of the class and
relieve the tension of intellectual effort, worthy of grown men.

If a word of criticism may be permitted, allow me to say in those
days, students of the Normal School received academic training in the
Normal and Model Schools. Our masters were teachers and taught
us as we were expected to teach our pupils. Asa matter of course we
taught the subjects as we had been taught them by masters in the art,
so far as our aptitude permitted. The same influence is operating
to-day. As inspector, I find teachers teaching academic work as they
were taught it, not as they were directed to teach it in the training
schools. In spite of the skill and patience bestowed upon teachers-in-
training by the Model and Normal masters, during the brief period the
latter have for operating upon their students, the students as teachers,
teach as they were taught, in Public and High Schools.

The Toronto Normal School has been a light, set on a hill top.
Her graduates throughout the country have diffused the light they
received from her. The mass of youth, educated in our province by
them, were for years indebted to her for their mental training and
directly or indirectly for the intelligence that made them worthy citi
zens. Not only by renovating teaching has she been a blessing, she,
by means of her students and their pupils, has thrown lustre into
every line of industrial life, for, those educated within her walls have
distinguished themselves on the farm, as tradesmen and manufac
turers, in law and in the legislature, in literature and science, at the
bedside and in the pulpit.

David Ormiston, B.A.

(A former teacher in the Boys Model School).

It is needless to say that I have very great pleasure indeed in
being present on this occasion to assist in celebrating the Jubilee of
the Normal School, which has done so much for the advancement and
education ot our noble Province a school from whose halls has gone
forth a host of noble men and women who have carried the
training obtained there to the utmost corners of the land, and almost
every one of whom for a time at least became centres from which
light and knowledge disseminated and not a few of whom have
worked their way up into the professions and other walks in life, and
are now found in places of trust and power in this our loved Pro
vince and fair Dominion.

And, Sir, it gives me special pleasure to see you presiding over
this meeting, not merely because you are the Minister of Education,
but because, Sir, before you attained to that position you were so long
associated with the teaching profession. The teachers can and do all
feel that you are one of themselves, and just because you were so long
and successfully associated with the working of the system are you so
well qualified for the honorable position you now so admirably till.

Then, Sir, there is a pleasure of again meeting in these halls the
friends and classmates of over forty years ago Some of whom have
passed away into the realm beyond, but many still remain, and I here
would like to greet them all and wish them well.

In the fall of 1853 I came to Toronto from the northern part of
the township of Darlington with the intention of preparing to enter
the University, but as my brother was one of the masters in the
Normal School I decided to take a course there first, which I have
never regretted.

Very soon after coming to the city a young lady was spending
the evening at the house and, of course, when she was ready to return
home I, of coarse, was gallant enough to offer to bear her company,
and I found the time pass very pleasantly, as the young lady was a
good conversationalist, but after bidding her good night at the door
and turning round to retrace my steps the aspect was very different, the
several corners turned had not been carefully noted by me and I was
much in doubt which to turn, and very soon concluded a country boy
was in as much danger of losing himself in the city as a city boy
would be in the woods in the country, and began to admire the wisdom
of the men of the olden time who unwound the ball of yarn as they
were led through the intricate labyrinths so that they, when left alone,
might find their way out. However, by dint of perseverance, at last I
found the corner lamp I had already marked as near our home.

And, Sir, what wonderful changes in the country and city during
these years! No Grand Trunk or other railway traversed our country
except the short Northern railway. The old fashioned stage the only
means of travel, or else on foot as so graphically depicted by Dr.
Dewart last night. And how changed the city, that section lying to
the northeast of where we now stand was woods or open fields in

which the wild flowers grew luxuriantly, and to the northwest, where
Knox College and palatial residences now stand, were extensive field:
where cattle pastured, and thrifty orchards bearing luscious fruits,
which were a strong temptation to some of us students hungering for
an apple such as we used to pick at home.

Men, too, have changed. We look around in vain for the vener
able Chief Superintendent with his kindly greeting, the strong, striking
countenance of the Head Master, with his bluff but withal cordial
reception.

The very striking appearance and sympathetic hand-shake of the
then assistant master, they, with others, have passed away, either by
death or removed to other lands. One only I believe of those then in
charge of the Education Department is still here, Dr. Hodgins, who
was in the office from its very beginning, and who is now, I under
stand, writing a history of the Educational System of the Province.
I personally am very sorry his tine gentlemanly presence does not
grace the platform this afternoon.

The iNormal School deserves the friendship and support of the
women of our country. It was the first to throw open its doors to
both sexes on equal terms. It was the first institution where women
had a chance to meet with and be instructed by men of education and
be prepared to take positions in which they could earn a livelihood
outside of domestic employment. Now all our universities and schools
are open to them, but it was different fifty years ago. And much of
the success of the school was due to this circumstance, and great good
has accrued to the country from the number of female teachers who
have gone from this institution and after teaching as a profession for
a while have still continued in a more limited circle the noble work
they have undertaken.

And, Sir, as there seems to be some difficulty now in arranging for
religious instruction in our schools, I will just mention how that mat
ter was arranged in the Normal School away back in those primitive
times forty years ago, for of course our moral and religious training
had to be carefully cared for in those days, and as it was not conven
ient for a Presbyterian or Episcopalian minister to come each week, or
for some other reason, I know that we students of those two denomi
nations met together, and one week the Rural Dean Grassett, a man
of scholarly tastes, a good teacher, and earnest Christian character,
would give us a Bible lesson, instructive and cheering, and the next
week Rev. Dr. Burns, a man of strong personality and a vigorous
preacher and teacher, would for an hour in his peculiar way question,
expound and enforce the truths of the lesson, rousing us all to think
and not infrequently propose questions which shewed just an insinu
ation that we were not quite satisfied, which brought out the full
power of the Doctor to explain and sustain his theory. And I can
safely say I never enjoyed Bible teaching more than under these two
men, and there was no jealousy or fear of proselytizing. It gave to
those coming from distant parts of the country an exhibition of inter
denominational courtesy that was of lasting benefit. Would that there
were more of it to-day, and then there would be less difficulty in sett
ling this somewhat troublesome question.

Another incident I should like to mention which took place not
while I was a student but in the summer of 1857, when, owing to the
sickness of Mr. Barren, who was appointed to take Dr. Ormiston s
place, on his retiring to take charge of a congregation at Hamilton, I
was asked by the Chief Superintendent to come from the Model School
and teach the mathematical and natural philosophy classes in the
Normal School. I remember how my knees seemed to give out un
der me when Dr. Ryei-son took me to the desk and introduced me to
the large class as their teacher for the session, but soon all fear was
gone when we got to work and we spent a very pleasant summer.

It was during that session the school paper was started, or I
should rather say papers, for, of course, under the regulations the
male and female students could not associate sufficiently to publish
one paper; so the female students read theirs one week and the male
students theirs the next week. And there were some very spicy
articles from time to time in reply to each other. It was the
duty of the editor each Saturday afternoon to come to the platform
and read the issue. I understand there has been a school paper in
some form since that time.

And now, Sir, lest I trespass on your time, I will close by wishing
that the Normal School may go on and prosper in the future as" in the
past, and that when, fifty years hence, the teachers and graduates
meet to celebrate the centennial, the then Minister of Education and
staff of teachers may be as able and efficient as those of the present
day.

Rev.MungoFraser,D.D., of Hamilton opened his reminiscent address
with pointing to the change in the arrangement and decorations of the
amphitheatre. He then dwelt on the splendid training which had
been received by the students of the Normal. It was the best place
he ever knew to take the conceit out of one and make a man essentially
a man. Some very amusing incidents were related of the first two
Principals, Mr. Robertson and Dr. Sangster. Rev. Dr. Ormiston,
whom he spoke of as " that grand old man," also came in for some
references full of respect and esteem. In closing he spoke of the
delight which he had experienced at being present at this meeting.

It is to be regretted that a full report could not be obtained of Dr.
Eraser s admirable address. He spoke extemporaneously and no
reporter was present to reproduce his remarks in extenso.

Mrs. G. Riches.

{Principal of Sackville Street School, Toronto. )
Jfc J*

After gazing on these grand mental pictures, unveiled here this
afternoon, by so many brilliant artists, perhaps it will relieve and rest
your mind s eye to look on a little bit of dark background for a time ;
then you will be all the better prepared to appreciate the scintillations
of wit and gems of humour that you will find farther down on the
programme.

There is not the slightest doubt that reminiscences depend upon

individuality. A loving mother treasures up the cute little sayings
and doings of her bright-eyed boy until her eye is dim and her face
withered and drawn. The old general tights his battles o er and o er
and " tells how fields were won." The millionaire recounts his clever
speculation on the stock exchange ; while the retired teacher points out
with pride the prominent men and women who once as youths and
maidens garnered up the gems of knowledge he so freely scattered on
the fertile soil.

But in whatever field our reminiscences lie they are apt to reflect
somewhat to our credit, be they educational, financial, military or fam
ily. And this is desirable. What miserable creatures should we be if
we remembered all the contemptible meannesses of our past years.
Time certainly is blind when he blots out the recollection of former
disagreements and dislikes, so that when those whom we have not
seen for years grasp our hand we think only of the pleasant associa
tions connected with them, and our heart warms and a rush of welcome
greeting is poured forth, the eye kindles as olden memories come trip
ping from the dead past and scenes of mirth and jollity are recalled
until we feel as young as we did twenty, thirty or even forty years ago.
The majority of those here to-day came to this building first as
rosy-cheeked lads and lassies, bringing suggestions of orreen fields and
grand old forests in their wake. They had been the head boys and
girls of their respective High or Grammar schools ; the pride of their
teachers and the envy and admiration of the pupils of the lower forms ;
and as they stood here, strangers in a great city, their hearts went
back to the olden home, and they could hear the fervent " God bless
you my child " from the tremulous lips of their sire; and still feel the
clinging of the fond mother s soft arms as the tearful kiss was pressed
on their lips. Yes, it all comes back even now, and we " sigh for the
touch of a vanished hand and the sound of a voice that is still."

But soon the stern realities of life in the shape of mathematical
and scientific problems like the good Samaritan of old bound up the
mental wounds, and in a few days the elasticity of youth sent the
ball of mischief flying across forbidden boundaries.

The students were not allowed to speak or write to those of the
opposite sex, but there was nothing said about singing to them, and
many a "blush mantled o er the cheek" and "two hearts beat as one"
when the rich bass voice or mellifluous tenor trilled out the first emo
tions of love under the window of his student sweetheart ; those who
were not birds of gentle beak proclaimed their passion in luscious
fruits surreptitiously placed in the desk. No note was needed, each
felh the presence of the other and " Eyes looked love to eyes that spake
a^ain."

Then came Hallowe en. Well do I remember a little group of five
lonely girls, who on one bright Hallowe en night sat poring over some
dry deductions, every few minutes some one sighed and it was easily
seen memory was recalling past Hallowe ens. At last pencils and
papers were laid aside and the handsome girl suggested we do some
thing but what ? Then a little Scotch lassie remembered hearing
her grandmother say that in Scotland the girls would go blindfolded
into the kailyards to pull cabbages ; the cabbage would determine the

-&gt;

kind of good man each would get. If the head were solid and heavy
he would be rich ; if light, empty-headed and empty-handed ; the
stalk would determine his temperament, and the number of circles on
it correspond to the number of years still to live single ; then the cab
bages were to be sent to the handsomest men in the town. At this
recital we were filled with excitement and eager to peer into the future.
Where could we get cabbages ? Then we remembered some were
growing behind where Mr. Doan lived, but the fence was high and we
dare not trespass. Some one suggested a rope for a lasso. No sooner
said than done. Up we sprang and in a few minutes the clothes line
in our yard was down and we were up on the fence balancing ourselves
on the scantling. With eager haste and persistent effort that rope
was thrown in the direction of the cabbages. Some times it would
catch on, then we like the disciples of Izaak Walton would try to
land our fish or rather cabbage, but we had no landing net and if we
succeeded in drawing it near the fence as soon as it began to ascend
the heavy head would turn over and the root slip through the noose
and down it would go. But we were not easily discouraged as the
pile of cabbages drawn to the fence would prove. We succeeded in
getting two very fine specimens over and they were carried to our
room in triumph. We were so elated over our success that we could
not leave well enough alone, the cabbages must be hung on somebody s
door. Of course Mr. D. was the somebody and with his name attached
the cabbbage was securely fastened to the door-knob of his domicile.
The other one was carefully wrapped up in a Globe newspaper and
quietly placed in a dark corner. Early next morning two tall girls
wearing long cloaks were seen hurriedly walking along Gerrard Street
carrying between them a suspicious looking parcel of great size ; down
Victoria Street they went, then a sudden start as they recognized Master
Thomas J. Robertson, Jr., coming up the street. To conceal the load
they were carrying they kept very close together, so close that just as
they were passing him the paper burst and the root and stalk pro
truded some sixteen inches ; the paper being made of straw seemed to
split into a thousand fragments and at the same time sang its own
dirge in piercing tones. Cloaks were quickly thrown over the cabbage
and it soon found a resting place on the Head Master s door Then
these conspirators ran home and demurely returned with their books at
the proper time.

Some time during the noon recess a notice was tacked up in the
waiting room to the effect "that the tall young ladies who wore long
black cloaks were to report to the Head Master in his private room at
four o clock." Precisely at four, thirteen tall young ladies with black
cloaks marched in, eleven of them very curious and two very sedate.
With a " thank you ladies," they were dismissed.

During the week a kind invitation to take dinner with Mr. Rob
ertson on Friday evening was sent to the five young ladies who had
played such a conspicuous part on the fence top. Such a nutter of
excitement followed. Best frocks were brought out, a little bow of
ribbon placed here, a knot of lace there, our modest ornaments polished
up, even a book on etiquette was consulted that we might be sure our

native villages were not behind in the proper mode of procedure on
such occasions. Expectation ran riot in our veins. How would Mrs.
Robertson receive us ? Would Thos- Jaffray. Jr., be there ? If he
were we knew Martha Zenobia would monopolize him. She was the
clever as well as handsome girl, strange to say. All that week it
seemed to us that when Mr. Robertson looked our way he had a
peculiar expression in his eye but we were not sure, and we came to
the conclusion that " Conscience makes cowards of us all" and hoped
for the best. Friday night came at last. The small mirror placed at
our disposal was in constant demand, hair was arranged and re-ar
ranged, ribbons tied, untied and retied, and with a little pat here and
a shake there we were ready at last. We had invested our little all
in flowers for a corsage bouquet. These were carefully wrapped in tissue
paper and carried in our hand to be pinned into position later on. Our
regal girl, Martha Zenobia, was to go first and we were to follow her.
Nothing like making a good impression we thought. Mrs. Robertson
was exceedingly kind for which we were intensely grateful and our
nervousness with its attendant awkwardness was gently on the wane
when dinner was announced. We scarcely raised our eyes until the
blessing had been invoked, then, just as we were devoutly thankful
that all had gone so well, two immense plates of cabbage were brought
in and placed directly in front of each of the two tall girls who wore
long black cloaks. Best frocks, flowers, ribbons, lace, ornaments,
manners were all merged for the time being into cabbage. The peals
of laughter at our expense can be better imagined than described.
Our punishment was certainly unique and as certainly effective.

J. H. Smith.

(Inspector, Public Schools, Wentworth).
Jt J-

It is my privilege this afternoon to congratulate you, Sir, upon
the large gathering of educationalists who have assembled in this
spacious building to commemorate the Jubilee of the Toronto Normal
School. Fifty years ago it was opened under circumstances that
pointed to it as an educational experiment. Many thought that our
country was not far enough advanced to indulge in such luxuries as a
special training school for teachers. They believed and doubtless were
sincere in their belief, " That however well adapted such institutions
might be to the wants of the old and densely populated countries of
Europe, they are absolutely unsuited for a country like Upper Canada,"
and so far as providing properly trained teachers is concerned the
people must resort as heretofore, " to securing the services of those
whose physical disabilities from age render this mode of obtaining a
livelihood, the only one suited to their decaying energies, or by em
ploying such of the newly arrived emigrants as are qualified for com
mon school teachers, year by year as came amongst us." Such were
the exact words of the representatives of the people in one of the most
progressive Districts of this Province. We are thankful, Sir, that,

" Old times have changed, old manners gone
A stranger fills the Stuarts throne."

Yes, a stranger to such thoughts, but not to the most advanced
educational thought of the present day.

Fifty years ago this school was opened under the head mastership
of the late T. J. Robertson, M. A., formerly Inspector of Schools in
Ireland. The first few sessions were held in Government House, but
owing to the destruction by fire of the Parliament Buildings in
Montreal in 1849, the seat of Government was transferred to Toronto.
This rendered its removal to other quarters a necessity and the old
Temperance Hall was secured as a temporary home. In 1852 the
present handsome and commodious building was completed, and the
Normal School entered upon such a career of usefulness that its
influence has been felt in every school in Ontario In pursuance of
the plan of having an educational museum and a School of Art and
Design in connection with the Normal School, it became necessary to
provide accommodation specially adapted for training purposes. A
suitable building was erected in the rear of the Departmental Build
ings, and the Normal School was transferred thereto in 1858, where it
has since remained.

I have no doubt, Sir, that it is a source of personal pleasure to you
to see so many of the veteran teachers of Ontario, assembled to do
honor to their Alma Mater. I can assure you, furthermore, that I
but voice the sentiment of this large assemblage of educationalists,
when I say that we feel honored in having you one of the most
distinguished members of our profession to preside on this our Jubi
lee Anniversary. Personally I feel highly honored in having the
privilege of addressing such a representative audience on such an
auspicious occasion. I am delighted to look into the faces, and to
grasp the hands of so many of the graduates of former years, to recount
the incidents of our college life, and to call up remembrances that have
awakened feelings of mingled joy and sadness. Some have solved the
problem that lies beyond the pale of this mortal existence, while others
remain to do noble service in the cause of popular education. May
the Toronto Normal School now as of old lead the van in educational
thought and in educational progress.

But my purpose this afternoon is to deal with reminiscences.
These of necessity must be largely of a personal nature. I know that
in the kindness of your hearts you will not think me egotistical, if I
refer to my personal experiences, for it is these, and I may say, these
alone, that will give you a clear view of a student life. Some of these
leave impressions that time may ameliorate but cannot destroy, for
they have become a part of rny life, and have had a large influence in
shaping and developing my character. I shall however confine myself
to two, lest I weary your patience. One of these I call " My Geo
graphy Lesson." What I learned about teaching geography has long
since passed into oblivion, but what I learned about managing the
more advanced pupils, when they had grown troublesome and vexa
tious has enabled me to overcome many difficulties both in discipline
and in management. Nor has it been confined to the schoolroom alone.
In my intercourse with men, while dealing with the many difficulties
that naturally arise in the discharge of my duties as a Public School

Inspector, I have found the means I adopted to get control of these
boys to be an invaluable aid in securing fair and generous treatment.
Briefly told the incident is as follows :

It fell to my lot one afternoon to take charge of some twenty-five
or thirty boys in the senior division. These were pupils that had been in
attendance at the Model School for some time, and were well acquainted
with all the subjects in the course of study. It was therefore a diffi
cult matter for me to present them with any new information or make
the lesson attractive. When I began to teach, they gave me their
undivided attention for a few minutes, then began a rattling of
the desk lids and a variety of other noises that would soon hav&lt;--
brought the Headmaster into the room to restore order, and I would
have been given a low mark for practical teaching, if I had not been
" plucked " out and out I appealed to them with but little effect, save
to increase the disorder. The noise and confusion grew gradually
worse, until, as a last resort, I frankly and openly stated my circum
stances, told them what it meant to me, and illustrated my position by
a reference to the fable of " The Boys and the Frogs." Be it said to
the honor of these boys that they at once became quiet, paid the
strictest attention to what I had to say, and I finished the lesson in
such a manner that the Headmaster complimented me upon my success.
I learned afterwards that this division had been a thorn in the flesh to
many of the students. I felt then as I feel now that they possessed
the elements of true manhood, and that they exercised a spirit of self-
control that reflected credit upon their training in their homes and in
the school. I shall ever remember them kindly for the heroism they
showed that afternoon.

The other incident to which I have alluded has a humorous side
to it, though not devoid of a practical and useful lesson. Pupils at
school or young people at college rather enjoy anything in which the
teacher or professors are over reached or out-witted. Such was the
case in this instance. A young Scotchman presented himself for
admission, and after the preliminary examination had been passed,
took his place among the students. It will be well to remark here
that one of the rules of this institution at this time was, that the
students of opposite sexes were not allowed to communicate with one
another without the special permission of the Headmaster or his assist
ant, under the penalty of a severe reprimand or suspension, according
to the gravity of the offence. This young Scotchman, when he took
the seat allotted to him very naturally glanced at the young ladies
who occupied the opposite side of the room. His attention was arrested
by the familiar appearance of the side view of a young lady s face.
When she turned so that he could get a full view of her face he at
once recognized her as a former schoolmate in far away Scotland. His
first impulse was to defy the rule and speak to her, but his Scottish
caution prevented him from doing anything so rash. When he
returned to the waiting room he informed some of his fellow-students
of the state of affairs, and they advised him to ask Mr. Robertson for
permission to speak to her. Now Mr. Robertson enjoyed a joke, and
had a keen relish for such scenes as are usually presented 03^ two

young persons of opposite sexes talking to one another in his presence
about things that were not stictly pertinent to Normal School work.
Indeed he sometimes used such incidentsto brighten up his lectures and
relieve the monotony of the recitation hour. This young man went
directly to the private room of the Headmaster, stated his case fully
and asked permission to have a friendly talk with the young lady.
Mr. Robertson said that he could speak to the young woman on the
condition that their conversation should take place in his presence. To
this the young man after a moment s hesitation consented. Thereupon
Mr. Robertson stepped to the door of the young ladies waiting room,
called her by name and asked her to step into his private room. As
she entered the door the young man addressed her in Gaelic, and she
replied in the same language. It is perhaps needless to say that Mr.
Robertson never reported even the substance of the conversation, much
less the exact words.

Some persons, as you well know, have the gift of expressing their
thoughts in poetic diction, while others have to be content with plain
prose. One of the students of the twenty-fifth session had this gift
and he gave vent to his feelings in the following poetical effusion,
which was then known as :

The Normal Student s Lament.

" Alas ! my miiicl is not my own.

My thoughts are bound in chains,
The muses far away have flown
And fancy shuns my brains.

" In vain I long for pleasant rides

Across the hills of snow,
Or o er the glassy ice to glide

Neath which the streamlets flow.

" I have but Euclid s hilly mists
Of circles, planes and lines,
The streams are formidable lists
Of plus and minus signs.

" All classics I have put away,

1 dare not mind them here,
For Grammar and dull Algebra
Instead of them appear.

" Mythology is quite erased

By Henry s, Edward s. John s,
While rhyme and verse are now replaced
By everlasting sums.

" I scarcely dare admire the day
Or watch the twinkling stars,
For fear twill call my mind away
From fractions, cubes and squares.

" My thoughts have left the azure sky,

The smiles have left the moon,

While theorems their place supply

And gladness yields to gloom.

" And if I think of sweet old home,

Of friends lost to my view,
The briny tear perhaps may come,
The lip may quiver, too.

"But soon these tears I must erase,

They interfere with books.

They put the angles out of place

And turn the lines to hooks.

" The founts of joy, the youthful fires

That struggled in my breast,
That once with hope this heart inspired
Are dwindling into rest.

" My spirit flags within my frame,

My heart is growing cool.
It was not so before I came
To this, the Normal School.

" Besause my mind is not my own

My thoughts are bound in chains,
The muses somewhere else have gone
And fancy shuns my brains.

" Then roar, ye winds, with all your might,

In dreary dirges blow,
Come howl, ye savage ghosts of night,

And join my song of woe."
Toronto, February, 1861. " OSCAR."

I cannot conclude this short address without referring somewhat
briefly to the influence this school has exerted in advancing the educa
tional interests of the common people. The number of pupils in
attendance and the very great improvement in the matter of accom
modation and equipment do not reveal the true sources whence this
growth and development have arisen. Gratifying as these results
are, and we are all proud of them, we have to look to other causes for
the real source of this advance. It is deeper and is largely due to the
lives and work of the graduates of this institution, whether they have
remained in the profession or have sought and found other fields of
labor. Their influence has been felt in every section of Ontario, and
to-day we are reaping the fruits of their self-denying labors. They
are workmen of whom we need not feel ashamed, for they were
inspired by nobler motives than the mere acquisition of either wealth
or fame. In honouring them we do honour to one of the noblest pub
lic institutions in this Province the Toronto Normal School.

Ladies and gentlemen, I thank you for your courteous hearing.

A. S. Allan.

(Merchant, Clifford, Ontario).
J* J*

I have pleasure in accepting the invitation of the committee to be
present and in taking part in these gatherings to celebrate the Jubilee of
the Toronto Normal School. It is a pleasure indeed to meet with those
who were students with us in this institution many years ago. I
thought I would be one of the oldest students, but I find some here
who were in attendance the year in which the school was first opened.
I can remember the year 1847. At that time my father was Superin
tendent of Schools for the District of Wellington, comprising the
present Counties of Waterloo, Wellington and Grey, a great deal of
which at that time was unbroken forest. Travelling was very diffi-

cult as roads were bad and settlements a long way apart. Teachers of
those days laboured under great disadvantages, and there was great
necessity of something being done to raise the standard of teachers.
This institution was admirably adapted to the training of teachers for
their profession, and it sent them out better prepared to enter on the
duties of life, whether they followed the occupation of teaching or
of some other calling.

It was my privilege to be a student here in the first session of
1862 and of 1864. It was indeed a privilege, for the training we received
strengthened us in character and made us persevering and thorough.
After leaving the Normal School in 1864 I was not engaged in teach
ing, but entered into mercantile pursuits, in which I have ever since
been engaged. During the last twenty years a great deal of my time
has been spent in municipal and political life.

The first thing I remember of my attendance at the Normal
School was when we assembled in this very room to register. It was
also in this place that those of the same denomination to which I
belonged met to receive religious instruction from our teachers who
were the venerable Dr. Jennings and Mr. King, now Dr. King, of
Manitoba College. The ceremony of unveiling the portraits of the
principals and teachers this afternoon was very interesting, and
brought to mind many pleasant remembrances. The portrait of the
first principal, T. J. Robertson, is, I think, a true likeness. He seemed
to me always so stern, and I was afraid of him, although I cannot say
that I disliked him. Gramma] 1 was one of his hobbies, and he was
particularly severe on any one who dared to give any of the rules in
Lennie s Grammar. I transgressed once and I received a whole lecture
to myself. It was absolutely necessary that we should be able to read
to his satisfaction " Paul s Defence Before Agrippa." However, he
was a grand man, and it was a privilege to be a student under him.

The portrait of Dr. Sangster is very like the Doctor that we have
with us to-day, but not like the John Herbert Sangster of my school
days, for time has brought changes. Those who were fond of mathe
matics felt safe, but those who were not were in dread of being struck
by his " lightning." I am sure all his scholars have retained pleasant
recollections of his lectures. He gave us excellent advice that was of
service to us in the several occupations in which we were afterwards
engaged. He set us an example of application and perseverance. I
am glad to see that he is present with us to-day. I have often said
with pride that I had the privilege of studying under T. J. Robertson
and Dr. Sangster.

In the Model School Mr. Carlyle was always very kind,but very firm.

To some of us the Model School was the terror of our lives. Most
of the boys were experts in mischief. Mr. Disher was second master,
but he died, leaving pleasant memories of his short stay. I cannot
forget the genial old Drill Instructor, Major Goodwin.

As was said by Dr. Dewart last night, the Toronto Normal School
in its day supplied a want to those who could not take advantage of
other educational institutions, and as one of its students I shall always
retain pleasant memories of this excellent institution.

IV.

THE CONVERSAZIONE.

A Conversazione was held, on Monday evening, in the Public
Hall and Museum of the Education Department. It was one of the
most marked features of the whole jubilee celebration, the attendance
being very large and representative in its character. It was a most
delightful reunion of the alumni of the school. Many who were
unable to be present at the other meetings attended the conversazione.
Hon. G. W. Ross, LL.D., Minister of Education, and Mrs. Ross received
the visitors in the amphitheatre, and their task was no light one on
account of the numbers. A short, excellent programme of music was
rendered under the direction of Mr. S. H. Preston, Music Master of the
Toronto Normal School. The artists who assisted were Miss Mary
Wheeler, Miss Laura L. Phoenix, and Mr. Rachab Tandy. During the
promenade which succeeded the concert, D Alesandro s orchestra played
a number of selections. At the close of the concert, Hon. Dr. Ross
made a most felicitous speech which gave the key note for the
promenade which followed. He invited the visitors to inspect the
re-constructed Museum which had been recently re-opened after the
enlargement of the building and the introduction of the department
of Archaeology.

[40]

EDUCATIONAL ADDRESSES.

On the afternoon of Tuesday, November 2nd, commencing at two
o clock, four educational addresses were delivered in the Public Hall
of the Education Department. The lecturers were selected by the
committee and invited to deliver addresses from a distinctly represen
tative standpoint. Mr. Kirkland, as being the present head of the
Toronto Normal School ; Mr. Hughes, as an Inspector and former
Head Master of the Boys Model School ; Dr. Robins, as Principal of
McGill Normal School, and a former Master in the Model School ; and
Dr. Sangster, as a former Principal of the Toronto Normal School, all
represent phases in the progress of the professional training of
teachers, which, it was thought fitting, should be presented at this
Celebration.

A BRIEF SKETCH OF THE TORONTO NORMAL SCHOOL.
Thomas Kirkland, M.A.

(Principal, Toronto Normal School).
J*

The decade that brought to a close the first half of the present
century was characterized by the number of Normal Schools established
in the different States in the northern part of this continent. The
year 1839 saw three Normal Schools established in Massachusetts.
In 1845 the Albany Normal School came into existence. In 1847 the
Toronto Normal School was opened. The Philadelphia Normal School
was founded in 1848, and in the same year a Normal School was
established in St. John, New Brunswick. Connecticut followed with a
Normal School the year after, and the decade was closed with the
opening of the Michigan Normal School.

In 1846 Dr. Ryerson submitted to Parliament a report on a
" System of Elementary Instruction for Upper Canada," in which he
specially recommended that provision be made for the training of
teachers. He rightly thought that the special education of teachers is
an essential element in all systems of public instruction. The Govern
ment accepted his recommendation, and provided for the establishment
of a Normal School in Toronto by appropriating for that purpose a
portion of the legislative grant for public schools. The School was
opened for the reception of students on the 1st of November, 1847, in

[41]

the presence of a large number of visitors from different parts of the
country. Parliament then met in Montreal, and in the vacant Govern
ment House in Toronto the new Normal School had its first abode.

Twenty students presented themselves at the opening, which
number was soon increased to fifty-two, some of whom were sent by
District Councils. Nearly all of them had been employed as teachers,
and had improved the first opportunity of attending the Normal
School in order to qualify themselves better for the duties of their
profession.

The School was fortunate in securing for its first Head Master
Thomas Jaffray Robertson, who had been a student of Trinity College,
Dublin, and Head Inspector under the Irish National Board of Educa
tion. Mr. Robertson, therefore, brought from the Mother Country
that scholarship and experience which admirably fitted him for the
position. With Mr. Robertson was associated Henry Youle Hind,
formerly scholar of Queen s College, Cambridge, and latterly a student
at the Royal Commercial School at Leipsic, and who was familiar with
the methods of teaching in France and Germany.

Fifty years ago no Darwin had enunciated the law of the
" survival of the fittest." But, nevertheless, the fittest survived ; for,
fortunately, the operations of natural laws do not depend on our
knowing them. Few of the fifty-two students who attended the first
session of the Normal School have left " footprints on the sands of
time." But two of them soon became well and widely known the
one as an eloquent preacher and the able editor of one of our most
influential religious journals ; the other became eminent as a teacher,
and subsequently as the Headmaster of the Institution of which he
was then a student. Edward Hartley Dewart and John Herbert
Sangster still survive to attest the kind of education given in the
Normal School fifty years ago.

The first session closed with a public examination which lasted
two days. This examination recalls the names of many eminent men
who have left their impress on Canadian history. Among those
present were the Hon. Robert Baldwin, Bishop Strachan, Dr. Burns,
the Revds. Messrs. Barclay, Jennings and Grassett. From the speeches
delivered at the close of the examination we learn that it gave the
highest satisfaction, both as to the amount of varied and useful
knowledge imparted to the students, and the intellectual and thorough
mode of imparting it ; that the examination exceeded the most sanguine
expectation of the warmest friends of the Institution. The proceedings
were reported and commented upon by The Patriot, The Herald, Tke
Evangelist, The British Colonist, The Globe, and The Christian
Guardian. All are gone save the two last. Papers perish as well as
men.

At the close of this examination, an address was presented to the
masters, from which we learn that the course of instruction embraced
a thorough analysis of the English language ; geography, with all the
aids that the best globes and maps could afford ; history, ancient and
modern ; logic ; the theory and practice of arithmetic and algebra ; a
valuable course of agricultural chemistry ; a scientific knowledge of

sacred music ; instruction and experience in teaching in the Model
School according to the system adopted in the best schools of the
Mother Country.

The writer of the address from which I have quoted seems to have
made the most of his materials, for the Model School was opened only
in February of that same year, not quite three months before the close
of the session. Its first Head Master was Charles Lowey, who survived
his appointment only about nine months, and was succeeded by
Archibald McCallum, who held the Headmastership for eight years.
Like many eminent men, the Model School had a lowly origin. It
was cradled in the Government House stables, and passed its bal&gt;y-
hood in the basement of Temperance Hall, on Temperance street.

Only male students were admitted to the Normal School during
the first session. A female department was opened at the beginning
of the second session, when 118 students presented themselves, twenty-
two of whom were females. The attendance increased during the
session : but as the attendance increased the masters became more
particular about the quality, for we are told that seven were dismissed
for incapacity and two for improper conduct.

And here I may observe, that from the very beginning the system
of instruction adopted in the Normal School was founded on Christian
principles, and pervaded by a Christian spirit. An hour every Friday
was devoted to religious instruction, when the clergy of the different
denominations attended, and gave such instruction to the members of
their respective denominations as they deemed suitable. This practice
has been continued till the present time, and with the best results.
Engraved on the corner stone of this building is the inscription,
" Designed for the Instruction and Training of Teachers upon Christian
Principles."

At the semi-annual examination in the Fall of 1849, His Excellency
Lord Elgin, Governor-General, was present, and being desirous of
encouraging the study of agriculture in Public Schools, established two
prizes, one of 5 and the other of 3, to be awarded to the two students
who should at the end of each half-year s session pass the best examin
ation in that subject. These prizes formed an important feature in
the Normal School examinations during Lord Elgin s tenure of office.

The year 1850 witnessed a new departure in the Normal School.
Hitherto there had been two sessions in each year. But in order to
dispense with attendance during the hot summer months, and to pro
long the period of training, it was determined to have but one session
of nine months. It was also arranged that in future candidates for
admission should be examined by a committee of School Superin
tendents in the several counties. The long session did not fulfil the
expectations of its friends, and it was soon abandoned. Its inaugura
tion was followed by a falling oft in the number of students : and,
besides, the severe and long continued labor had a hurtful effect upon
the health of those in attendance. In 1852 but eighty students
entered, and only forty-one came through to the end The session
was closed with a five days examination, four of which were devoted
to written work. The arithmetic paper contained twenty-nine

questions, ranging from vulgar fractions to annuities, and to be worked
in one and one-half hours. Grammar, education and the art of
teaching formed one paper of fifty-one questions, to be answered at
one sitting of three hours.

The Normal and Model Schools had already acquired a name, but
no local habitation of their own. Since the Government returned to
Toronto, the classes had met in the Temperance Hall. But steps had
previously been taken to secure a permanent abode. On the 2nd of
July, 1851, the corner stone of the present building was laid by His
Excellency, Lord Elgin, in the presence of a large number of
spectators. It was stated that the plot of ground in which the
buildings are situated contained eight acres ; that two of them were
to form a botanical garden, and three were to be set apart for agricul
tural experiments. At the time of purchase the ground gave little
promise of what it afterwards became. It was " partly bog, and
abounded in stumps." But in the fall of 1853 it produced thirty-seven
specimens of grain, roots and vegetables, which were exhibited at the
great annual show in Hamilton, and were highly commended by the
judges. The building was designed to accommodate 200 students-
in-training, and 600 pupils in the Model School. The space considered
necessary for each pupil then must have been much less than what is
considered necessary now. A second story has been added to the
Model School which nearly doubles its seating capacity, and still it
does not accommodate 600 pupils.

High hopes were entertained of the infant Institution. In his
address His Excellency said : " I certainly think that no Government
which is conscious of its own responsibility can possibly feel indifferent
to an institution such as that of which we are now laying the founda
tion stone ; an institution which promises, under God s blessing, to
exercise so material an influence on the formation of the mind and
character of the rising generation of this Province, and which cannot
but exercise a powerful influence upon its future destinies."

The building was finished and opened with appropriate ceremonies
on the 24th December, 1852. The chair was occupied by the Hon. S.
B. Harrison, Chairman of the Council of Public Instruction, and
around him w T ere men whose names are familiar to all readers of
Canadian history. Several of those present delivered addresses. The
speech of the Hon. Chief Justice Robinson was most appropriate,
judicious and comprehensive, and well adapted to promote the interests
of the institution. Dr. McCaul, in a speech, the eloquence and elegance
of which, we are told, drew thunders of applause from the audience,
expressed a hope, which he happily lived to see practically realized,
that the son of the poorest man in Canada might enter the common
school, and, proceeding through the intermediate stages, take the
highest honors at the University. The speech of the Hon. Francis
Hincks showed a keen discrimination and a thorough appreciation of
the nature, character and utility of the institution. Dr. Ryerson gave
an admirable outline of the whole system of education. The Globe, in
an appreciative article, says " that hitherto the chief difficulty of our
common schools has been the lack of competent teachers. This lack is

now in a fair way to be supplied ; that this institution is, in fact, the
heart of the educational body, the spring from which is destined to
How streams of pure water to moisten the dry educational field. It
is to it that we must look for those who will go forth fully armed and
equipped to fight our battles against ignorance and error, the darkness
and superstition which would impede our national progress."

In the autumn of 1853 Mr. Hind accepted the chair of chemistry
in Trinity College. His duties during the following year were
discharged by Mr. Sangster. The Rev. William Ormiston was selected
to fill the position lately occupied by Mr. Hind. Mr. Orrniston was a
graduate of Victoria College, and had been professor of mental and
moral philosophy in his Alma Mater, and had taught schools in the
town and township of Whitby. He now accepted the second position
in the Normal School, having formerly declined the first. Mr. Ormiston
was a man of fervid imagination, full of enthusiasm, and had great
command of language. Such men usually make superior teachers, if
their students do not allow the flow of language to carry them on
without proper attention to the matter. Few teachers were ever more
beloved by their students. He is now living in California, and in a
letter recently received from him he says: "I retain and ever will
cherish a fond and grateful remembrance of my labors in the Toronto
Normal School."

Mr. Barron, late Principal of Upper Canada College became suc
cessor to Mr. Ormiston. His previous training and experience were
not such as were required to efficiently discharge the duties of the
position to which he was now appointed. Mr. Walter A. Watts was
imported to succeed Mr. Barrou. He held office for about a year.
Both were learned men, but it requires something more than mere
learning to make a -successful Normal School master.

Mr. Sangster was now appointed second master. Unlike his
immediate predecessors, his past experience and intimate knowledge of
both Normal and Model Schools rendered him particularly well fitted
for the position.

In 1866, in consequence of the lamented illness of Mr. Robertson,
Dr. Sangster became Head Master, and Dr. Davies, late Head Master of
the Cornwall Grammar School, was appointed second master. In 1871
Dr. Sangster resigned the headmastership, and Dr. Davies succeeded to
the position. Heretofore mathematics and science had been taught by
the same master, but in order to give science a more prominent place
in the curriculum, the Council of Public Instruction resolved to
separate these subjects. Dr. Carlyle, who had been Head Master of
the Model School for the past thirteen years, was appointed Mathe
matical Master, and the writer of this paper was selected to fill the
position of Science Master.

On the platform, at the distribution of the prizes to the Model
School pupils at the close of this year, sat two eminent men whose
official labors were now drawing to a close, and who must have looked
back with pleasure to the year 1844, when the one received the
appointment of Chief Superintendent from the Government of which
the other was Prime Minister. Dr. Ryerson had drawn the bill which

Chief Justice Draper had introduced and carried through Parliament
by the authority of which the Public School System was founded.

From 1871 till 1883 the work of the Normal School was carried
on under many disadvantages. One of these was the change in the
matter of granting certificates. From 1847 till 1853 the students-in-
training received their instruction in the Normal School and their
certificates from the County Boards. The Chief Superintendent saw
the evil of this and as soon as possible obtained power to grant certifi
cates on the recommendation of the Normal School masters. In course
of time Associate Examiners were appointed, and this method
worked admirably till 1871. In that year the Council took the exam
ination of the Normal School students altogether out of the hands of
the Normal School Masters, and put it into the hands of a committee,
which committee, strange to say, could examine candidates for first-
class certificates, but had not the power to examine candidates for
second-class certificates. This was owing to that awkward little word
only getting into the wrong place. This anomaly was soon remedied,
but the vicious principle was adhered to till the advent of the present
Minister. The principle is not good in any case, but in a professional
examination of teachers it has evils peculiar to itself, and one of them
is that not infrequently good teachers fail to obtain certificates, while
the less capable are successful.

Besides the evils arising from one class of persons acting as teach
ers and another class acting as examiners, there was another disad
vantage under which the school labored. The period was one of
transition. The Normal School was passing from a time when its
work was largely academic to a time when its work became almost
entirely professional, and many of the disadvantages of such a period
are, perhaps, unavoidable.

But notwithstanding these disadvantages much good work was
done, many excellent teachers were sent forth who are now faithfully
discharging their duties in our Public, High and Model Schools, and not
a few are among our most efficient Inspectors.

Shortly after the present Minister took office, the programme of
studies was revised, enriched, and made more largely professional.
The work done by the students during the Normal School session was
allotted its proper share in determining their standing at its close.
All that was good in the past history of the school was retained, and
all that was best in modern educational methods was adopted.

In 1884 Dr. Davies resigned the principalship, and was succeeded
by the writer of this paper, and in 1893 Dr. Carlyle retired after
giving the Education Department thirty-six years of efficient service.
Mr. Wm. Scott, B.A., formerly Head Master of the Model School, and
for eleven years Mathematical Master in the Ottawa Normal School,
succeeded Dr. Carlyle under the new title of Vice-Principal.

The time limit of twenty minutes allowed to these papers has
made this sketch very imperfect. Much interesting matter has been
omitted. The changes in educational methods which have taken place
during the period have not even been touched upon. The names of
many who largely contributed to the success of the School have had

to be omitted. The Toronto Normal School deserves a much fuller
recognition. Its impress is indelibly stamped upon Canadian History.
It has given Ontario a Minister of Education and his Deputy. To our
highest institution for the training of teachers in this Province it has
given its Principal. It gave a Superintendent of Education to far
away Britisli Columbia in the West, and has given a Principal to
McGill Normal School in the East. It has given the Provincial
University one of her most eminent professors, and many of the most
successful students of that institution received their first educational
stimulus at the Toronto Normal School. The most rapid advance which
this Province has ever made in education followed the appointment
of County Inspectors in 1871, the great majority of whom had been
trained in the Normal School. It has given professors to both the
Medical Colleges in this city. It would be interesting, were it possible,
to enumerate the Ministers, Doctors and Lawyers who received, when
students at the Normal School, that impulse which bore them on to a
high place in their profession. And not less important has been that
matronly influence which has rendered many a home brighter and
better because its mistress was once a student at the Normal School.
Nor has its influence been confined to our own Dominion. In a letter
recently received from the professor of mathematics in Cornell
University, he says : " I first learned to work when a student at the
Normal School."

But while we feel a pardonable pride in the good work done by
the Normal School during the past half century, let us hope that it is
only the beginning of its career of usefulness, that under the more
favorable circumstances in which it is now placed it may from year
to year send forth in increasing numbers teachers of the highest type,
men and women, earnest, intelligent, enthusiastic, deeply impressed
with their great responsibility and opportunity the moulding of the
characters of those who, under God, are to guide the destinies of this
great Dominion.

THE SCHOOL OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

jt
James L. Hughes.

(Inspector, Public Schools, Toronto).
&lt;* &lt;

Evolution is the most vital and most hopeful principle yet
revealed to human consciousness. Humanity climbs steadily towards
clearer light, truer wisdom, and greater power. We marvel at the
benighted condition of our grandfathers, but our own grandchildren
will have still greater reason to pity us.

As the race accumulates wisdom and power, it sweeps onward
and upward with accelerated speed. As generation succeeds genera
tion, the record stones of progress are planted more widely apart.

The educational revelations of the nineteenth century have been
more important than those of all preceding centuries. Pestalozzi and
Froebel gave the world new educational aims, and revealed all the

educational principles that are now regarded as vital and fundamental;
Barnard and Mann gave America s greatest contribution to civiliza
tion by the organization of free public schools, supported and con
trolled by the state. Take away the results of the work of these four
men, and there is little of value left in educational philosophy or practice.

The twentieth century will make a greater educational advance
than has been made in the nineteenth century. This thought is not
humiliating to us, it should increase our self-reverence as members of
a progressively developing race. Our consciousness of the divinity in
us is defined by the evolution of the race towards the Divine.

1. The schools of the twentieth century will be free. The nine
teenth century schools are called free because attendance at them is
free. The child will be free in the twentieth century school. Free
growth is the only full growth. Subordination dwarfs the human
soul at any stage of its development. There will be no truly free men
till the children are made truly free. The coercive, mandatory, com
pulsory spirit will become but a shameful memory, when teachers aim
to develop the divinity in the child instead of making their supreme
purpose the restriction of its depravity. What weak, imitative, con
ventional, indefinite, unprogressive, dependent servile men and women
most schools have made of the beings who were originally created in
God s own image! How much worse they would have been if they
had been subject to school discipline during all their waking hours
How original, self-reliant, self-directing and progressive they might
have been ! Hew much of independence, and helpfulness, and executive
tendency they had when they first went to school compared with what
they had on leaving school ? The schools should not be catacombs in
which are buried the self-hood, the originality, and the executive
tendency of childhood. Schools should be gardens in which each child
grows to be its grandest, most complete self. The child can never
become its real self so long as adulthood blights it and dwarfs it by
daring to stand between it and God.

Liberty is the only sure basis for reverent co-operative obedience.
Anarchy is not born of freedom ; it springs from coercion. It is a
poisonous fungus that grows from the tree of blighted liberty. It
grows rank and noisome from the sap that should have developed
stately trunk, spreading branches, and rich foliage. Fungi come not
on the tree of full, free growth, but where blight has brought decay
and death. Conscious subordination secured by coercion blights and
dwarfs individuality.

Divine law is often necessarily restrictive of wrong, but is lovingly
restrictive. It is stimulating and growth-giving; never destructive.
Coercion may repress evil ; it never eradicates it. Coercion never
made a child creative, and creative power is the central element of
education. Coercion does more than restrict the power of the child ;
it corrupts its ideals. The common and unnatural dread of Divine
authority arises from the degradation of human authority into
unreasoning, unloving coercion.

The greatest improvement yet wrought by the new education is
the altered attitude of adulthood towards childhood in disciplining it.

The reformation of the coercive ideals of adulthood has only well
begun, however. The twentieth century will complete the reform.
When adulthood recognizes divinity in each child and learns that the
highest function of training is to develop this divinity, not merely to
restrict depravity, then will the schools become what Froebel aimed to
make them : "Free Republics of Childhood."

The dominating elements in a child s life are love of freedom and
productive activity. The unity of these elements is the only basis for
true discipline. Spontaneity in productive self-activity develops
active instead of passive obedience, co-operation instead of obstinacy
and stubbornness, activity instead of inertness of character, energy
instead of indolence, positiveness instead of negativeness, cheerfulness
instead of dullness, independence instead of subserviency, and true
liberty instead of anarchy.

2. Teachers will not try to dominate the interest of the child in
the twentieth century school The pupil s self-active interest is the
only persistent propelling motive to intellectual effort. It alone
makes man an independent agent capable of progressive, upward and
outward growth on original lines It alone stimulates the mind to its
most energetic activity for the accomplishment of definite purposes.
Self -active interest is the natural desire for knowledge appropriate to
the child s stage of evolution, acting with perfect freedom ; it is the
divinely implanted wonder power, unchecked by restriction and undi-
minished by the substitution of the interests of others.

The development of self-active interest is the highest ideal of
intellectual education. School methods in the past have substituted
the teacher s suggestion for the child s spontaneous interest, and have
thus rendered it unnecessary, if not impossible, for the pupil s own
self -active interest to develop. Interest is naturally self -active, and
it retains this quality in increasing power unless parents or teachers
interfere with its spontaneity. " Every child brings with him into the
world the natural disposition to see correctly." The most unfortunate
children are those whose untrained nurses, untrained mothers, or
untrained teachers, foolishly do for them what they should do for
themselves, and point out to them the things they should see for them
selves, or worse still, things they should not see at all at their stage of
development. Mother and child should not always see the same
things in their environment. " See, darling," may prevent the develop
ment of the child s power to see independently. The child s own mind
should decide its special interests.

Most parents and teachers make the mistake of assuming that
they should not only present attractions to the child s mind, but also
arouse and direct its attention. Whenever this is done by any agency
except the child s own self -active interest its power of giving attention
is weakened. No two children should be attracted by exactly the
same things or combinations of things during a walk in the country,
or in any other gallery of varied interests. The special selfhood of
each child sees in the outer what corresponds to its developing inner
life. The individual power to see in the outer that which is adapted
to the development of the inner life, at present most active, is the
4

arousing source of all true interest. When a teacher substitutes his
own interests for those of the child, the child s interest is made respon
sive instead of self-active. Under such teaching the real life of interest
dies, and teachers, after killing it, have in the past made energetic and
often fruitless efforts to galvanize it into spasmodic responsive action.
Allowing the motives of others to stimulate us to action is no more
true interest than allowing other people s thoughts to run through our
minds is true thinking. The responsive process in each case is prohib
itory of the real self -active process which lies at the root of true
growth.

The teacher of the twentieth century will multiply the conditions
of interest. Whatever he can do to make the child s external environ
ment correspond with its inner development, he will do carefully and
actively. He will know that, if the conditions are appropriate, interest
will always be self-active, and that only by its own activity can it
develop power. Responsive interest never develops much intensity,
energy, endurance or individuality.

When teachers complain that children are not interested in work,
their statements are usually incorrect. It would be more accurate to
say that children are not interested in the teacher s work. Adulthood
should not interfere so much with childhood.

3. The child will be trained to find most of its own problems, in
the twentieth century school. The child discovers its own problems
before it goes to school. When it reaches the school its problems are
showered upon it by the teacher. This difference in educative process
is the chief reason for the rapid development of children before they
go to school compared with their development afterwards. Before the
twentieth century ends it will not be correct to define a school as a
place in which self-active interest is checked, originality condemned,
and brain development and co-ordination sacrificed to knowledge stor
ing. If anyone claims that such a definition is unfair to the nine
teenth century school, let him consider carefully what the condition
and character of a man would be if he had been kept in school during
the whole of his waking hours till he was twenty-one years of age.
It will not always remain true that the race shall receive its brain
development and co-ordination and its individual character force
chiefly outside of school. The schools of the coming days will not
weaken minds by the processes of storing them.

The power of problem discovery is much more useful than the
power of problem solution, both to the individual and the race. Prob
lem discovery is much more educative than problem solution.

The child now comes to school from its sphere of independence in
problem finding, and is at once set to work at problem solving alone.
In every subject the teacher brings the questions and assigns the
lessons. The essential unity between insight and accomplishment,
between discovery and achievement, between originating and operat
ing, between self-active interest and executive power, between seeing
and doing, between problem recognition and problem explanation, is
destroyed. The teacher does the important part of the work. The
vital and interest producing part of the process of learning is not per-

formed by the child, and so its interest is inevitably weakened. Day
by day it becomes less interested, less positive and more negative. Its
nature adapts itself to its new conditions. Its function in school is to
solve problems and answer questions, and it soon learns to wait for its
problems and questions.

By such teaching the child is made dependent on the teacher in
the most essential depai tment of its intellectual power. Every man
should be a discoverer within his own sphere. Every man would
possess independent power of discovery if his natural wonder power
had been developed properly.

The race creeps where it should soar, because the child s natural
power to discover new problems is not developed. The wonder power
of childhood which Mr. McChoakumchild proposed to destroy is the
source of greatest intellectual and spiritual evolution. We fail to
reach our best individual growth and our highest fitness for aiding
our fellows in their upward progress on account of our intellectual and
spiritual blindness. We are surrounded by material problems, intellec
tual problems and spiritual problems which are never revealed to us,
but which we might see and solve if our discovery power had been
developed in the schools as assiduously as our mind storing was carried
on. Greater power of problem discovery will lead to increased power
of problem solution and larger capacity and desire for mind
storing.

4. Teachers will distinguish clearly between responsive activity
and self -activity, between expression and self-expression in the
twentieth century school. The neglect of selfhood and the warping
of selfhood have been the greatest evils of school life in the past.
Self-activity includes the motive as well as the activity. It must be
originative as well as operative or selfhood is not developed. Even
kindergartners often fail to see the full meaning of Froebel s funda
mental process of human growth, self-activity. The highest ideal of
executive development given by any other educator is co-operative,
productive activity on the part of each individual. Froebel s ideal is
co-operative, productive, creative activity.

Each individual has three elements of power originative power,
directive power and executive power ; responsive activity does not
demand the exercise of originative power at all, and develops directive
power imperfectly. The central element of selfhood is originative
power. A man s originative power constitutes his individuality.
Originative power develops as all other powers develop, by full oppor
tunity for free exercise. Froebel made self-activity the fundamental
law of growth with the purpose of developing the complete selfhood of
each individual. Unless the self of the individual is active, the
development is partial and defective in its most important element.
There are yet few school processes or methods that demand true self-
activity. True self-activity includes the motive that impels to action
as well as the resulting act. In every study, and especially in every
operative study, the originative and directive powers should act with
the operative powers. Education is defective in its most vital part if
originative power is not developed.

One of the commonest fallacies in the list of educational theories
is " expression leads to self-expression." Expression and self-expres
sion are the results of two widely different intellectual operations.
Self and expression should never be divorced. Expressive power has
been trained, so far as it has been trained at all, independently. It
has not been related to the selfhood of the child. The theory has
been : train the power of expression and the selfhood will in due time
develop and be able to use the power of expression we have so thought
fully provided for it. The amazing stupidity of this course has begun
to reveal itself. To some the revelation of the folly of training ex
pressive power and neglecting the selfhood that is to use it came with
such force that it led them to the other extreme, and they have pro
pounded the maxim, " Develop the selfhood and expression will take
care of itself." This theory is infinitely nearer the truth than the old
one the one still practised almost universally. It is true that clear
strong thoughts never lack expression. Henry Irving was right when
he said, " If you are true to your individuality, and have great original
thoughts, they will find their way to the hearts of others as surely as
the upland waters burst their way to the sea." But it is also true that
the schools should cultivate the powers of expression, and add as many
new powers as possible. Every form of expression should be devel
oped to its best limit by the schools ; expression in visible form by
construction, modelling, painting, drawing and writing, and expression
of speech and music should receive fullest culture in the schools. To
add new power of expression opens wider avenues for the expression
of selfhood, and thereby makes a greater selfhood possible. The
supreme folly of teaching has been to attempt to cultivate the powers
of expression and neglect the selfhood that has to use them. It is not
wise in correcting this mistake to make another, by leaving developed
selfhood without the best possible equipment of expressive power.
Self and expression cannot be divorced without weakening both of
them.

The revelation of the utter folly of training the powers of ex
pression and neglecting to train the selfhood at the same time has been
almost entirely confined, however, to the forms of visible expression.
There are many good schools in which writing, drawing and other
forms of visible expression are now used from the first as means of
revealing selfhood, to enable the pupil to make his inner life outer, but
in which the processes for developing the power of oral expression are
still as completely unrelated to selfhood as they were in the darkest
days of preceding ages. The processes of culture of the powers of oral
expression have undoubtedly improved, but still the dominant principle
is the fallacy " expression will lead to self-expression." The schools
train in the interpretation and expression of the thoughts of others in
the vain hope that to express the thoughts of others in the language
of the authors will give power to express orally in good form the
original thought of selfhood. There can be no greater fallacy. Actors
have more power than any other class to interpret and express the
deepest and highest thoughts of the greatest authors, but, although
they are accustomed to appearing before large audiences, very few of

them have well developed powers of self-expression. Responding to
the motives of others does not cultivate our own motive power; allow
ing the thoughts of others to run through our minds does not make us
original thinkers ; expressing the thoughts of others does not develop
the power of self-expression.

Self-expression is infinitely more productive than expression
both in acquiring knowledge and in developing power. The effort of
self-expression defines the emotions, sentiments or thoughts, and
language forms an objective representation or body for them. The
inner life is co-ordinated and classified, emotion and thought are
related, and propulsive power is developed by the process of conscious
self-expression in any form language, music, drawing, modelling or
construction. The aroused inner life is worse than wasted if it finds
no means for expressing itself in outward form. It leaves in the mind
a record for indistinctness and confusion and a habit of inertness, of
conceiving without bringing forth, of planning without producing.

Expression in which there is no selfhood leads to enfeeblement of
character. The more fully expression is self-revelation the more it
develops selfhood, and the more it defines and classifies knowledge.

Self-activity arouses the only perfect interest and attention ; it
makes the mind aggressively active in regard to new knowledge, and
therefore secures the most thorough apperception ; it leads to the most
complete correlation of the subjects of study ; it develops selfhood, and
reveals it to both teacher and pupil ; it encourages self- faith and self-
reverence by giving a consciousness of original creative power ; it
makes productive work an expression of joyous gratitude ; it is the
elemental law of human growth.

5. Teachers will aim to develop distinct individuality in the
twentieth century school. The schools have definitely aimed to make
the children as much alike as possible. They should really be made as
unlike as possible, so far as the freeing of their individuality from con
straint tends to make them unlike. All true harmony results from
the unity of dissimilarity. No two trees or flowers are exactly alike.
It would be a pity to have them so. The higher the organization the
greater the capacity for variation. Men should see truth from differ
ent standpoints, and transform insight into attainment with widely
varied powers. Each new view of truth, when revealed by an
undwarfed individuality, gives new form or tone to revealed truth.
The schools have made mixed characters, part child and part teacher.
They have developed self-consciousness which is paralyzing, instead of
selfhood which is strengthening and invigorating. Very few children
are allowed to be their real selves and "live their souls straight out."
Men have dreaded the depravity of the child so much that its divinity
has not been allowed to grow. In attempting to restrict depravity the
light of the divinity in the child has been shadowed, and lives of
gloom and stagnation have resulted instead of lives of brightness and
advancement.

The individuality of the child is the divinity in it, the element
whose development should do most for the child and the world. The
highest duty of the school is to develop the conscious personality of

the child Real personality must be an element of strength. It should
be the centre of a man s character. It should be his contribution to
the general character of the race. Millions fail in life because they
are never clearly conscious of their own personal power. Every indi
vidual failure retards the race. This is the true basis for the value of
individuality. The revelation of the strength of self hood as an
element in the general strength of humanity leads to true self-rever
ence and self-faith. A man who has self -reverence and self-faith rarely
fails. He uses the intellectual power he possesses. A man with
moderate intellectual powers and well developed self -faith usually
accomplishes more for himself and humanity than the man who has
great intellectual power but little self -faith. It is not possible to give
all children great intellectual power, but it is possible for the school to
make each child as it grows to maturity conscious of its own highest
power, and to give it faith in itself because of its consciousness of that
power.

True self-reverence and -self-faith are the opposites to vanity and
conceit. Self -reverence and self -faith are strengthening and ennobling.
They are the elements in character that lead men to do and dare and
struggle hopefully. He who is sure he cannot succeed has already
failed. He who has a reverent consciousness of power in his own per
sonality, and has gained the faith that springs from this consciousness,
succeeds always. He does not wait for opportunities, he creates them ;
he is not forced to act by circumstances, but moulds circumstances and
conditions.

So long as a child or man lacks respect for the product of his own
best effort, his power does not increase rapidly even by use. Self de
preciation may neutralize the- beneficent influence of activity or
exercise of function. Faith in one s own power strong enough to lead
to its use, and respect for the product of effort honestly made, give
every conscious effort a widening and strengthening influence on
character. Therefore the development of individuality should be one
of the main purposes of every teacher.

The growth of individual inner life by originative and directive
self activity is a vital law in education. Whatever there is of duty,
of purity, of holy aspiration in the child s soul should be helped to
grow. Soul-growth must be from within. Emerson was right in say
ing : " Though we travel the world over to find the beautiful, we must
carry it with us or we find it not."

6. The schools of the twentieth century will give increased atten
tion to physical culture, to arrest the physical deterioration of the race,
and to strengthen it intellectually and physically. Play will become a
definite element in human development throughout the entire course
of school training, especially in cities and towns. It will some day be
possible to find children of the fifth generation reared in a city.

One of the most necessary improvements in scholastic work is a
recognition of the urgent need of bodily training. It is beginning to
receive recognition in many schools and some universities, but the
recognition so far given is more negative than positive. The body
should receive definite, systematic training, because it is the executive

agent of the mind ; because energetic and sustained mental action
depends on the support of healthy, well developed vital organs ; because
good health is essential to the highest success in the business of life;
and because the bodily activities directly influence the development
and organization of the brain and the rest of the neurological system.
The body deserves recognition as a part of the inter-related, indepen
dent unity, man. A man cannot be considered properly educated so
long as any part of his nature is undeveloped or untrained. No one
department of human power can be educated at the expense of another
department without injury to the organic whole. This is a fundamen
tal principle which has so far received only partial recognition When
it is fully understood, physical culture will be more universally adopted
as an essential part of scholastic training, and physical development
will be taken into consideration in awarding graduation diplomas and
degrees. The word scholastic will yet have a wider meaning which
will include the development of the physical nature as well as the stor
ing of the mind. The schools and universities will soon break the
bonds of medievalism and extend the meaning of terms that have
limited the range of the vision of educators for centuries. No defini
tion of education now limits its meaning to mind storing, or to mind
storing with power to reproduce at examinations what is in the mind ;
but the schools in giving diplomas, and the universities in granting
degrees still act in conformity with this narrowest of all definitions ot
education. If, on the staff of a university there were one-fifth as many
professors to train the bodies of students as there are to develop and
store their minds, it would be easy to discover a system of ranking
students physically on a basis as absolutely fair and just as that now
adopted, in mat-king them lor their intellectual acquirements. In some
way every element that has a dominant influence in deciding a student s
fitness for a successful and noble life should be considered by the
faculty of his school or university in awarding him a diploma or a
degree. The full comprehension of the law of unity will make clear
the duty of all educators to train the body as the agent, and at the
same time the developer, of the mind. Play will soon be recognized as
one of the most essential departments of school work because it culti
vates the motor brain and co ordinates the sensor and motor systems
better than any other school process ; because it is the best school
agency for developing energy, force of character, executive power and
executive tendency, the habit of transforming insight into achievement,
which makes character positive instead of negative ; because it is the
only complete means of self-expression ; because it develops self-hood
more thoroughly than any other educational work ; because it reveals
individual responsibility and the necessity for community of spirit and
co-operative effort most effectively ; and because it trains pupils to
give reverent co-operative submission to law. Children joyously and
actively submit to the laws governing the games they play, and in
this way respect for law becomes an element in character.

7. The schools of the twentieth century will give manual training
a prominent place on the programme of school work ; not for economic
reasons only, but chiefly for educational reasons ; not to teach trades,

not merely to give greater hand skill, but chiefly to develop brain
power, to promote brain co-ordination, and to aid in giving humanity
a broad, solid, true basis for moral culture.

The educational advantages of manual training may be summar
ized as follows : It is an excellent kind of physical culture because it
provides interesting occupation for the mind as well as the body. It
is a great aid in discipline by providing a true centre of interest and
a natural outlet for physical energy. It helps to develop the power of
concentrating attention. Children soon lose interest in abstractions
or in the acquisition of knowledge from books or from their teachers.
Even real things lose their interest quickly if they are merely to be
examined or studied. They never lose interest if the child is allowed
to use them in the execution of its own original plans. It gives
definite and applied training to the observant powers. It cultivates
the judgment of size, form and relationship of parts to wholes, and
thus forms a true basis for mathematical culture. It helps to form
clear conceptions. We really know definitely only those things w r hich
we have wrought out as well as thought out. It applies knowledge
as it is gained, and this is the only perfect way of gaining knowledge
clearly and of fixing it in the mind as an available element in mental
equipment. It makes pupils creatively constructive instead of destruc
tive. It increases the opportunities for the discovery by the teacher
of the special individual power of the pupil, and what is still more
important, it helps to reveal the child to itself. It develops habits of
accuracy, definiteness, exactness, and these are essential elements in
truthfulness and fundamental constituents in character. It cultivates
the power of self-expression. In early years the child s most perfect
means of self-expression is construction with the sand, clay, stones,
sticks, blocks, paper, cardboard, and other material things by which
it is surrounded. It enlarges the brain, defines motor power, and
co-ordinates the sensor and motor systems. Education is essentially
defective at its centre of vital power if it fails to preserve the true
harmony of effective development between the receptive and executive
parts of the brain. It is a great moral agency. It increases respect
for honest labor, and tends to make every man a producer.

8. The schools of the twentieth century will adopt the new ideal
of Nature study. The old ideal trained children to study Nature in
order that they might learn to love it ; the new ideal will train them
to love Nature in order that they may desire to study it. The old
ideal destroyed life ; the new ideal develops it. The old ideal was
classification ; the new ideal is revelation of life, evolution and
God.

The term, " Nature Study," will not truly represent the Nature
work of the future. The child s attitude should be reverent friendship,
receptive contemplation, stimulating investigation, and sympathetic
nurture. Nature is the sacred temple in which the child should have
the life and power of God interpreted and revealed.

The prophet-souls of this century have seen the greater ideal,
have learned the mystery of Nature s vital symbolism, and have pre
pared us for grander insights into the meaning of her forces and her

processes. Wordsworth, Longfellow and Tennyson made us conscious
of the active principle that subsists

" In all things, in all natures, in the stars
Of azure heaven, the unenduring clouds,
In flower and tree, in every pebbly stone
That paves the brooks, the stationary rocks,
The moving waters, and the invisible air."

The fact that these advanced leaders of a developing race have had
their minds filled with this vital thought indicates that the race itself
is nearing the stage in its evolution when it will comprehend the
thought, and make it an impelling force in its upward progress.

Froebel recognized the spiritual in the natural more clearly than
any other man, and reduced the new ideal to a pedagogical practice by
making nature contemplation and nature nurture the agency for fixing
in the minds and spiritual natures of children apperceptive centres of
life, evolution and God.

Even though the child may not be conscious of the fact, its life is
enriched by an intimate acquaintance with Nature as it can be in no
other way. Nature is a stimulating atmosphere in which the whole
intellectual and spiritual being is invigorated, and through which God
makes to the child manifold revelations.

The beauty, the symmetry, the harmony, the life, the freedom, the
purity, the majesty, and the invisible forces of Nature fill the young
mind with images that elevate and ennoble character. When these
pure images are photographed on the sensitive nature of childhood,
they can never be eradicated. When the pictures are developed by
whatever experiences or circumstances, they are still pure, and help to
counterbalance the evil that may come into our lives. " The holy
forms of young imagination " help to keep us pure.

School gardening will be a recognized department of school work
in cities and towns in the twentieth century. Every child will prepare
its own soil in window-garden, roof -garden, or, best of all, in gardens
in the school grounds, or in fields kept for school purposes. Germany
began this work in Froebel s time. The English Education Depart
ment officially recognized it in 1896. All children should be trained
to cultivate plants, partly in order to gratify their natural tendency to
work in the earth, but mainly to use their interest in productive activity
and the nurture of living things, especially plants or pets. Careful
culture in the preparation of the soil and its proper enrichment,
coupled with due attention to watering, weeding, hoeing, and, if
necessary, to pruning, produces plants of grander proportions, greater
beauty, and richer fruitfulness. By these results the child not only
learns to recognize evolution, but it also sees that it may become an
active agent in promoting evolution. It gains a conception at first
symbolic, afterward conscious, of the greatest of all truths
that it has power to help other life to grow to grander life. By sowing
the apparently dead seed, which afterward bursts into life and beauty,
it learns that it has power to start life to grow that without its aid
might have remained forever undeveloped. The teacher or parent
does not require to point the lesson. The symbolism of the uncon-

scious stage of childhood will naturally become transformed into con
scious character in due time. It is impossible to over-estimate the
advantages of a training that, through the self-activity of a child,
reveals to it the two vital truths that it may aid all life human life
as well as plant life to reach a higher condition of life, and that it
may bring into existence new elements of living power, material
power, intellectual power, or spiritual power, to aid in unifying and
uplifting the race. The formation of these apperceptive centres in a
child s mind qualifies it for the highest education it can ever receive.
The life must remain comparatively barren in which these ideals have
not been implanted. The time to implant them is the symbolic period
of childhood, and the process is the nurture of life in Nature. The
phenomena of Nature in their everyday manifestations provide most
appropriate symbolism for children. They are thrice blessed whose
early life is stimulated and enriched by free life in sympathy with
Nature s life.

When a few generations have been trained in Nature love, Nature
nurture, and Nature contemplation, humanity will more fully under
stand Wordsworth s inspired words :

For I have learned
To look on Nature, not as in the hour
Of thoughtless youth.

"And I have felt

A presence that disturbs me with the joy
Of elevated thoughts ; a sense sublime
Of something far more deeply interfused,
\Vhose dwelling is the light of setting suns,
And the round ocean, and the living air,
And the blue sky, and in the mind of man :
A motion, and a spirit, that impels
All thinking things, all objects of all thought,
And rolls through all things. Therefore am I still
A lover of the meadows and the woods.
And mountains : and of all that we behold
From this green earth ;

well pleased to recognize
In Nature and the language of the sense
The anchor of my purest thoughts, the nurse,
The guide, the guardian of my heart, and soul
Of all my moral being."

9. The schools of the twentieth century will teach art as the
highest form of expression to qualify for clearer interpretation of the
artistic ideals of the leaders in human evolution, and to enlarge the
expressive power of humanity.

We shall know in the twentieth century that in the culture of so
definitely interdependent a unity as the human mind the attempt to
train only certain powers and omit the training of others must inevit
ably result in the partial development even of those powers whose
training is attempted ; that the progressive and harmonious evolution
of the universal community of man depends on the complete develop
ment of the individuals of which it is composed ; that the highest test
of an educational system is its influence on the expansion and strength-

ening of the spiritual nature ; and that the possibility of man s true
unity with God increases as his training becomes more comprehensive
and more definite.

The educational advantages of the study of art are many. The
following are among the most important :

Art laj s the foundation of true manual training, and it is itself
the highest department of manual training.

Art endows man with additional power of expression. Every new
pow^r of expression increases the power of the mind itself. The pos
sibility of mind growth is widened by increasing the powers of expres
sion ; first by the stimulation of the mind along new lines of feeling
and thought, second by improving the processes by which feeling,
thought, and knowledge are defined in the mind and wrought into
character.

Art has a directly beneficial influence in the development of the
mind by training the observant powers, the judgment and the imagina
tion. It cultivates the powers of observation. Seeing is really an act
of the mind.

Art develops originality, and qualifies men to aid in the increase
of human wisdom and power, and the promotion of human happiness
by the production of new thought, new appliances, new forms of beauty,
and new conceptions of the aesthetic and spiritual evolution. Those
are the highest school processes that do most to develop the child s
originality and apply it to lines of utility and aesthetic culture. It is
in this way that the sum of human power is increased, its happiness
promoted, and the certainty of its progressive evolution established.

Art should be the highest form of self-expression, and the most
perfect type of true self -activity. The teacher should improve the
pupil s natural power of artistic representation, transformation and
expression, and add as many new powers in each case as she possibly
can, but her best work for her pupils is not the improvement of power
nor the communication of power. Her work is not complete till she
stimulates her pupils to use their powers in expressing their own inner
life.

One of the most important educational advantages of art arises
from its usefulness in revealing the child itself. It is an important
epoch in the life of a child when it gains an inspiring consciousness of
original power. Any form of self- expression may be made a means of
self-revelation, but no other form exceeds art in the number and value
of its opportunities for making clear to a child the transforming truth
that it was intended to be more than an imitator and follower. The
central element in strong character is self-reverence, based on a clear
consciousness of power to be used in the interest of the community.
Art should form part of the education of every man, that he may be
qualified for the enjoyment of the best production of the human mind,
and of the majesty, the beauty and the uplifting suggestiveness of
Nature ; that his life may be enriched with the graces of highest cul
ture ; that his sensual nature may be subordinated and his divinity
stimulated by ennobling self-activity ; that his spiritual nature may
become the dominant element in his character ; that his complete

development may be reached : and that he may be able to recognize
his Creator more definitely and enter into communion with Him more
fully.

10. The everyday life of the school of the twentieth century will
develop in the lives of the children the fundamental elements of true
social and religious life, not by theories but by practical experience.
The child will be allowed to be independently co-operative in order
that it may learn man s greatest lesson, the interdependence of
humanity, the basis of absolute harmony between individualism and
socialism. The three essential ideals in the organization of a perfect
character are love, life and unity. The apperceptive centres for these
perfect ideals must be formed by experience, not by theory. In the
loving home the child should gain its consciousness of love, from Nature
its consciousness of life, and from the re-organized school its conscious
ness of unity. The supreme aim of education will be the unity of the
race and its fullest ethical culture. Individuals will be made as per
fect as possible in order that they may become elements in a grander
community, and may thus reach their highest destiny, and secure their
most complete evolution.

The ethical training of the future will rest on these broad prin
ciples : that humanity may develop progressively toward the Divine
in conformity with the universal law of evolution ; that every child
has in its nature an element of divinity which should be fostered and
brought into conscious unity with the Divine ; that the natural ten
dency of childhood is toward the right if supplied with right condi
tions for the growth of its best ; that the ideal side of the child s
nature should be developed from the moment the baby receives its
first impressions to prevent the growth of the sensual in its character;
that training should begin at birth, but that it never should interfere
with the child s spontaneity ; that freedom is the only true condition
of perfect growth ; that coercion dwarfs and reward-giving as an
inducement to good conduct degrades ; that positivity or spiritual pro
pulsion is an important element in character ; that ethical culture
must be given in each stage of development in order that the true
growth of succeeding stages may be attained ; that it is a grave error
to attempt to give the child in any stage of its development ethical
training or rules of conduct belonging rightfully to a later stage ; that
the first germs of religious growth are found in community, love,
reverence, filial and fraternal relationships, and true living as revealed
by the experiences of pure family life ; that Nature is the child s
symbolic revealer of God as life in the evolution of life to higher life ;
that the evil in a child s action results from suppressed or misdirected
good ; that religion should not be associated with terrors of any kind ;
that the child s religious experiences should be joyous and happy ;
that God should be revealed as a loving father ; that the child should
not be made conscious of evil in its own motives in its early life ; that
the child s life should be kept free from formalism and hypocrisy ;
that no dogmatic theology should be given in words until the child has
experiences that can give life and meaning to the words ; that the
child s mind be not filled with meaningless maxims, mere ashes of dead

virtues ; that selfhood is the child s divinity and its development the
great function of the home and the school ; that selfhood should be
made complete as a basis for the perfect unity with God and humanity ;
that self -activity is the process of growth morally as well as intel
lectually ; that right-doing not only demonstrates faith but increases
it ; and that religion cannot be communicated to or taken into the life
of man as a completed thing, or by the intellectual acceptance of
opinions or doctrines, but that it must be a progressive growth in
feeling and thought in which community, love, life, law, reverence,
gratitude, joyousness, renunciation, unselfishness, freedom, and creative
activity are essential elements.

PROTESTANT EDUCATION IN QUEBEC.

^* ^*

S. P. Robins, M.A., LL.D.

(Principal of McGill Normal School, Montreal).
^ Jt

I cannot adequately express my sense of the honor put upon me
by being permitted to take a part in the exercises of this most impres
sive ceremonial. But any rising feeling of exultation in which I might
under other circumstances be tempted to indulge, is effectually checked
by many considerations. I am humbled by this audience. There are
here so many my equals in age and opportunity who have accomp
lished so much more than it has been given me to do, that I cannot
but wish that at this moment I filled a less conspicuous place. Again,
there are many of you here who are just entering on careers .of honor
able usefulness that will overwhelm with oblivion the feeble results of
the lives of the men of my age. I would not, if I could, push before you
in your impetuous advance. The ruddy dawn of the twentieth century
illuminates your faces, the eager force of youthful ardour is in your
lives, not yet spent in conflict, not yet chilled by disappointment ; and
I, as one of a generation whose lives have lapsed, whose energies are
exhausted, whose work is done, who sit close to the edge of the fast
descending night, hesitate to obtrude on your notice lest you feel
that I am delaying you, keeping you back from your conflicts, from
your victories, and from your crowning.

Another thought sobers me ; it is this, that I occupy the place
assigned to me to-night because I am a survivor. Not all the bravest,
not all the best share in the triumph that celebrates a battle won.
While those who return from the fight, a shattered remnant, hear the
acclaim of the populace, elsewhere the dead march wails and sobs
above those who, rather than the living, were the victors. In the early
days of this Normal School there were many of us gathered flushed
with youth and hope. To-day we are but few worn by years and
broken with toil. I address you to-day simply because I am a
survivor.

I come to you to-day as one who after long separation returns to
the home of his boyhood. My birth and my earliest childhood belong
to another land, to the land of the primrose, the daisy and the wild

rose ; but my youth and my first manhood were formed in what we
then called tipper Canada. I was a schoolboy in Peterborough when
Peterborough was a small town hewed out of the all embracing forest,
when the Peterborough Grammar School was housed in a log school
house, nestling among the pines. A little later I was a young school
master on the fourth line of Duimner. There I knew the struggles
and shared in the privations of the first settlers, when yet in the keen
January nights we could hear the long howl of the gathering wolves.
Then after a term of teaching not far from Cobourg I drifted, still a
mere lad, an insignificant lad, to this Normal School, meeting in the
Temperance Hall on Temperance street, and here before my first session
was done I was set to teach a part of the class with which I entered,
and a little later on was employed in teaching mathematics to the ele
mentary class in the Normal School, during its first session in these
newly erected buildings. I have mentioned these things merely to
reclaim my kinship with you now long unacknowledged and forgotten.
So I leave in the oblivion of the dead past the rest of my career in
this Province, which I regard, and shall ever regard, as my Province,
my home, the land where all my kindred sleep their long last sleep,
father, mother, brother, wife and child, waiting till I come not long
hence to lay my weary form beside them.

I must hasten to say that in my earliest manhood, at the recom
mendation of our late chief, the Rev. Dr. Ryerson, (i&gt;? dvdp&v), and
by the invitation of the widely known and as widely respected, Sir
Wm. Dawson, i was called to Montreal to take part in the establish
ment of the Protestant Normal School of Lower Canada, and for more
than forty years I have been intimately associated with the educa
tional development of what is now the Province of Quebec.

Let me introduce you to that Province. You know your own
Province well, the lakes which skirt your shore, the greater rivers which
form in part your boundary, the green Niagara, the clear swift St.
Lawrence, the brown Ottawa, and the smaller rivers which are your
own, devastating torrents in the spring floods, brawling brooks losing
themselves among the stones in the summer heats. Yours are the roll
ing farm lands, rising here and there to rounded hills shaped by the
wear and tear of ages, out of the sands, the gravels, and the clays
deposited upon the Silurian and Devonian rocks that are the
ground floor of your Province. But Quebec has larger, bolder features,
less fertile farming land, more of mountain and flood. I know not
where you shall find a nobler landscape than that over which you
look from the summit of Mount Royal, where the eye sweeps the vast
plain watered by the Richelieu and the Yamaska and bounded by the
more hilly countries from which the St Francis draws its waters, and
over which peep the Adirondacks the Green Mountains and even the
highest peaks of the Presidential Range in the White Mountains.
Perhaps you would prefer the wilder outlook from the Terrace in
Quebec where, over the quaint old city at your feet, you look far down
the valley of the St. Lawrence, shut in between the heights of Levis
and Cape Diamond, away beyond the Island of Orleans, the Valley of
the St. Charles and the Falls of Montmorency, to the blue distance of

the Laurentian Hills, intractable and sterile, oldest land on this con
tinent. Rivers, what glorious rivers, rolling cool and unfailing
through the summer greenery, the broad Richelieu, the picturesque St.
Francis, the lone St. Maurice, the wild Saguenay, the Cascapedia
beloved by salmon. Mountains some rising solitary like Mount
Royal, Mt. Johnson, Beloeil, some outliers of the great ranges south
of us, some like the Shickshock Mountains and the Laurentian Range,
defining for hundreds of miles the outlines of a continent. A land
worthy to be loved, a land loved by those who sing " Canada mon
pays " with a fervour, so far as I know, unknown among the less
enthusiastic dwellers in Ontario.

Let me introduce the people. There dwell in Quebec representa
tives of all races. There are U. E. Loyalists who, painfully toiling
through the untrodden forests, settled in the hill country which we
call the Eastern townships; disbanded soldiers, who, after the conquest,
settled on the shores of the Bay of Chaleur and elsewhere; fur traders
largely of Scotch origin who retired to Montreal after they had spent
their strength in the service of the North West and the Hudson s Bay
companies, immigrants from the British Isles, English, Scotch, Irish
and Welsh, but the great mass of the population, a mass so great as to
be almost unaffected by the characteristics of the strangers, are of
French origin, " les habitants " as distinguished from " les intrus," the
inhabitants as opposed to " the intruders." Of a population of almost
1,500,000 nearly 1,200,000 are French Canadians and all other nation
alities are but little more than 300,000 in number ; nearly 1,300,000
are Roman Catholics and scarcely 200,000 are Protestants. This
people then, French in origin and language, Roman Catholic in religion,
the most homogeneous population in the New World, the most devot
edly Catholic people on earth, cannot be ignored by you. Questions
of the most serious import rise as you look eastward. What is the
manner of thought and of life of this member of the Confederation
which contributes five persons out of every sixteen to the population
of the Dominion : who, separated from others, but united among them
selves, by the loving use of the beautiful French language, move in all
educational, social, religious, and political questions with a united
force that cannot be paralleled among our English speaking population;
who are allied by their faith to 720,000 Roman Catholics of other Pro
vinces ; and who, being the first civilized inhabitants of this land,
seized in the beginning and still firmly hold the outlet of the whole
Dominion, striding across the Gulf of the St. Lawrence and possessing
the wealthy and populous commercial metropolis of the Dominion ?

This people live for the most part in a calm patriarchal simplicity
that is unknown elsewhere on this restless continent. Frugal, thrifty,
shrewd, gay, polite sons of the soil, they marry early, have very large
families, are content with little, are cheerful in adversity, joyous in
prosperity, live long and die resignedly. It will not be wise of you,
because they now sit in quietness and obscurity under the easy rule of
their priesthood, to underrate their strength or to undervalue their
many excellent qualities. They have a capacity for being led, an
unquestioning loyalty to competent leaders, to leaders who can reach

their springs of action, which in many times of storm and stress have
great advantages over the less easily organized individualism of men
of the Germanic races.

I was asked to say a few words about the education of the people
of Quebec. I did not think the time opportune nor my own abilities
adequate for the discussion of a theme so large ; but I have consented
to tell you something of the manner in which the education of one-
seventh of the population is conducted, that part of the population
which shows at some disadvantage beside the majority, less brilliant in
social qualities, but solid, stern, tenacious, men of affairs, masters of
business, Protestants in religion.

Two great educational problems are being solved in our Province ;
and I do not think I overestimate the importance of the issues, when I
say that they are worth the serious attention not merely of the pro
vinces of the Dominion, but of the whole continent. One problem is
this : " What will be the result of handing over a whole people, gifted
with the highest qualities of the intellect, to the unquestioned educa
tional control of a wealthy, powerful, perfectly organized and pro
foundly venerated priesthood"? The answer is not yet complete.
But as far as it is wrought out, one result is that in our province we
have 800,000 persons who can read and write, 100,000 persons who
can read but not write, 600,000 persons who can neither read nor
write, including under the last number 332 000 children under ten
years of age. Another result is that over a large part, the larger part,
of Quebec all disputation is hushed. No question of faith, morals or
philosophy is ever raised. Doctrines are taught, they are not argued.
The public mind is at rest. Some unappreciative persons say it is
stagnant. Certain it is that over a vast extent of territory no one
aims at, no one desires, change ; and religious belief and social practice
have reached a uniformity, I think hitherto unexampled in the history
of our times. The disturbing, unsettling influence of books and news
papers has been most successfully eliminated. As their fathers lived
and died, so exactly live and die one million French Canadians.

The second problem, the one that more nearly concerns us at this
time is, " With what degree of success can one-seventh of the people
educate their children in separate, or as we call them in Quebec, dis
sentient schools ?" Will the struggle to maintain such schools in face
of the overt or the covert hostility of an antagonistic majority be too
severe ? Will the pecuniary sacrifices involved be continuously borne ?
Can the schools continue to be efficient ? In giving partial replies to
these questions I must premise :

1st. That in the main the legal provisions under which dissentient
schools are established are characterized by a fairness that merits
approval. The spirit of the enactments may be thus summarized.
Let Protestants be free to establish, with their own money, schools of
their own, withdrawing entirely from Roman Catholic schools ; but
let it be impossible for Roman Catholics to escape the cost of main
taining Roman Catholic schools and difficult to send their children to
Protestant schools. You would not thank me to detail the provisions
under which the thing is done ; but I may say that if the schools of a

municipality be under "Roman Catholic control any number of Prot
estants may unite to form a school, and club their school taxes for
the purpose, or may similarly unite with other Protestant residents in
a neighboring municipality, or may annex themselves to a neighboring-
Protestant municipality. So far is this liberty extended that an
isolated Protestant may pay his taxes to support a Protestant school
to which he sends his children, provided that the school be not more
than three miles from his residence. You sometimes hear a great outcry
on the part of Protestants, who accuse their Roman Catholic neighbors
of grave injustices. The fault is usually not in the law, but in the
neglect of those who complain, to maintain an attitude of sleepless
vigilance, without which no liberties can be maintained. I deny that
there is general intentional injustice. There may be, there
doubtless are, cases in which the attempt is made to take advantage
of the law by trickery, by concealment, and by misrepresentation, but
such acts of bad faith are individual or local, and are not more frequent
or conspicuous in school affairs than in other kinds of business, for
honesty is not a universal virtue.

2nd. It is to be remarked that disputes over school matters
between Roman Catholics and Protestants are in the nature of things
possible only in a limited area. There are no longer, as thirty years
ago there were, parts of the province distinctly Protestant. There are
a few predominatingly Protestant. The counties of Argenteuil and
Pontiac on the Ottawa River, and of Huntingdon, Brome and Stanstead
along the line of 45, have more Protestant than Roman Catholic pupils
in elementary schools But in nineteen counties there is not a single
Protestant school ; and in thirteen of these not a single Protestant
pupil is reported attending school. In the remaining six counties
there are in all nineteen Protestant pupils reported as attending
Roman Catholic schools. Indeed, in the sixty-three counties of Que
bec, there are only nineteen that have as many as 125 pupils enrolled
in Protestant schools. The cleavage between the two systems of public
schools is most distinct. To the east of the island of Montreal, north
of the St. Lawrence, or abutting on the same river to the south, are
twenty-seven counties, in fourteen of these there is not a single Prot
estant school ; and only six Protestants are reported as attending
Roman Catholic Schools. In the remaining thirteen counties, Quebec
city is excluded, there are 1,559 pupils enrolled in Protestant elemen
tary schools, and thirty- six Protestants in Roman Catholic elementary
schools. How much of scattering of the Protestant population is
implied, and how difficult it is to maintain schools, is illustrated by the
statement that in seven other counties not included in the above list,
in all forty-three elementary schools are maintained, in which the
total daily attendance is 474 pupils, an average of eleven pupils in
each school.

How hard it must be to maintain schools at all under such circum
stances you can perhaps conceive. Yet how determined Protestants
are to maintain schools, independent of ecclesiastical control is
evidenced by the fact that while 33,500 Protestant children are
enrolled in Protestant schools, less than 1,500, not quite one in twenty-
5

three, are enrolled in Roman Catholic schools ; a number more than
set off by the fact that nearly 2,900 Roman Catholic pupils are
enrolled in Protestant schools.

The struggle to maintain schools for a small part of the popula
tion, scattered among a great majority, alien in faith and in language,
is undoubtedly severe. Schools are small, are remote from each other,
can pay but small salaries, too often cannot afford trained teachers,
and are not seldom ill equipped, although the rate of taxation imposed
is, in many instances, very heavy. Yet under circumstances so adverse,
I am proud to report to you that your compatriots in the east have
not lost their love of knowledge, nor abated a jot of their high courage.
They are determined, cost what it may, that their children shall go
out into life armed with every educational weapon that the utmost
sacrifice can purchase.

Amid difficulties such as you can only dimly perceive, the Pro
testants of Quebec, 200,000 in number, less perhaps than the popula
tion of this enterprising city, last year maintained two universities,
three affiliated colleges, one Normal School, 27 Academies and High
Schools, 918 Elementary and Independent Schools. In the several
faculties of McGill and Bishop s Universities, 1,239 undergraduates and
partial students were enrolled. In the affiliated colleges there were 29
students in Arts : and it is to be observed that the numbers I give do
not include Theological students in the Diocesan College, the Presby
terian Theological College or the Congregational Theological College.
In the McGill Normal School, 191 adults attended its several courses
of study. Academies and High Schools gathered in 4,694 pupils :
Model Schools, 3,679 : and Elementary Schools, 27,939. If deduction be
made of Roman Catholic pupils and of the persons not resident in
Quebec, there will still be a total of not less than 35,000 Protestants
in Protestant educational institutions ; in other words 17| per cent, of
the total Protestant population were enrolled in Protestant Schools in
the year 1896. We are a struggling people ; we are not a degenerate
people. We shall give a good account of ourselves.

What is to be the outcome ? A Protestant gentleman who has
taken a very active part in public affairs, an M.P.P. of Quebec, said
not a week ago, " In thirty years Protestant schools will be extinct in
the Province of Quebec." I think he overrates the extent of the
deluge, and understates the time necessary to bring it about. But,
unless there be some great and as yet unheralded upheaval in French
Canadian Society, the middle of the coming century will see the
Protestant population of Quebec reduced to commercial colonies in
Montreal and Sherbrooke, if, indeed, the latter colony shall then sur
vive. For there is in daily, hourly operation an economic force unlike
anything known in other Provinces of the Dominion, which closing
with irresistible constriction upon Protestants in rural districts of
Quebec extrudes them from the farming lands ; fairly, honestly, slowly,
but with the massive movement of omnipotent fate. This is the
necessary consequence of the " dime." In Quebec all lands owned by
Roman Catholic farmers must pay to the cure of the parish each
twenty-sixth bushel of grain delivered in the incumbent s barn. Long

ago the law decided that for this purpose potatoes are grain, and a
recent pronouncement of the courts has declared hay to be in the same
sense grain. Some lawyers hold that the lands of the Eastern town
ships sold in free and common soccage are not liable to this impost ;
but our Canadian courts have decided that they are, and the issue
has never been raised before the Privy Council.

The state of the case being as presented, you see the inevitable
result. When lands held by Protestants are for sale, the church of Rome
can always find money for a Roman Catholic purchaser, who is ready
to pay, as you and I would do, a reasonable interest on the money
advanced, but who, having purchased, must pay besides, the " dime,"
and become subject to legal taxation by the Fabrique, whenever it
deems it desirable to add another to the magnificent temples of wor
ship that stud the landscape. Roman Catholic farms are not for sale
to Protestants, Protestant farms are being daily transferred to Roman
Catholic ownership. Is it unaccountable that section after section has,
within the last forty years that I have intimately known Quebec,
changed its aspect ; that Protestant schools have been closed and that
Protestant churches are mouldering down amid their deserted graves
and broken tombstones ? Morituri vos salutamus.

The severity of the struggle has not been wholly harmful to us.
He who fences continually with the bare point, if he survive at all,
acquires a keenness of eye, an alertness of movement, a quickness of
parry and return, that he who is opposed only to the button-guarded
point will never learn ; for the former fences with death, the latter
only with amusing discomfiture, The consciousness that in every
movement of the local political chess-board we put our all at hazard,
has developed in us a wariness and strategy that have been of inestim
able value in the conservation of our rights and privileges. And as
blessings brighten as they take their flight, so our treasures are
enhanced in value when they are endangered. I doubt that you who
hold securely the priceless blessings of free schools, schools governed
by the people for the people, cherish them with the passionate love
and devotion that we, the Protestants of Quebec, entertain for our
schools, maintained with difficulty, threatened with extinction. Par
don me if I say that we have one advantage over you that only the
truly cultured educator can adequately value. We are, and we must
be, a bilingual people. We must use two languages, and no man can
adequately know a single language. He who studies a second lan
guage, by comparison and contrast knows the first better. And, when
I speak of knowing a second language, I do not mean in the imperfect
way in which some of us know Latin and Greek, having acqiiired the
ability slowly and labouriously to spell out by the aid of lexicon and
grammar the meaning of some passage in a classic author, but to know
so that we can use to flash thought from mind to mind, and, what is
still more difficult, to stir as we will the founts of pure, high, noble
feeling to know it as Sir Wilfrid Laurier and Sir Adolphe Chapleau
know English. He that has so learned another language has added
the excellencies of another national habit of intellect and emotion to
that which he acquired in infancy with his mother tongue. Such

advantages will thousands of your compatriots derive from their
association with the gay, the keen, the brave descendants of sunny
France, and from the mastery of their bright, clear, picturesque speech.

One result of the complete severance between Protestant and
Roman Catholic education, I confess I contemplate with misgiving,
although some of my co-religionists are apt to be elated by it. Speaking
in general terms, one-fourth of the inhabitants of the city of Montreal
are Protestants ; they own one-half of the real estate of the city ; they
pay one-half of the civic taxes. So they pay and receive one-half of
the city school tax. For every Protestant child in the city of Mon
treal, three times as large an educational subsidy is available as for
each Roman Catholic child. I do not think too much is spent on the
education of Protestant children, but I fear too little is done for Roman
Catholic children. Of course the whole island of Montreal was given
to the St. Sulpicians in order, amongst other things, that they might
provide for the education of the people ; and very much has been done
by the teaching fraternities and sisterhoods of Rome to meet the edu
cational needs of the children of her faith ; but if the result of insuffi
cient public provision for the education of one part of the population
of a great city shall be to separate the people into two classes of
divergent faith, the one few in numbers, highly educated, wealthy,
aristocratic in feeling, the other numerous, ignorant, poor, the prey of
demagogues, continually chafing under a sense of disability, if not of
wrong, I for one tremble for the result. Were I one of the unfortunate
class, I should feel it to be of the instinct of self preservation, if not
moved thereto by Christian charity, to see that the masses received an
education commensurate to their needs. And, if this must be through
the church of Rome, then through the church of Rome ; for to my mind
it is infinitely better to teach a child the catechism, whether it have a
Tridentine, or a Genevan, or an Anglican, or a Methodist flavour,
if with it I teach him to read, to write and to cipher, than to leave him
to grow up in barbarous ignorance. You may not agree with me ; but
I think a bigot or a heretic better than a brute.

I must close. I have already quoted the pathetic greeting of the
Roman gladiators as they cast their last looks on sun and sky and
crowding eager human faces. Me thinks I had better quote it for my
self. I see before me so many faces of the young, beaming with hope,
kindled with aspiration. And I, I am not one of you ; I am one of
these few old men, bent with years, broken with toil, baffled and beaten
down. Moriturus vos saluto. About to perish, I hail you. To you,
the happy days I shall not see; to you, the tasks I could not accomplish ;
to you, the triumphs I shall not share ; moriturus vos saluto. Yet do I
comfort myself by the reflection that with a fulness of meaning Horace
never knew I can say " non omnis moriar." I shall not altogether perish.
Friends and companions of my youth, our lives have not been lost.
But for our efforts in the days of feeble beginnings these grand results
in which the present generation so justly prides itself would not have
been possible. No one of us was indispensable. If some of us had
been utter failures, we should not have been missed in the final result.
But altogether we accomplished that which prepared for what has fol-

lowed. Had we not spent ourselves in laying foundations, buried out
of sight, the men who are now building the fair superstructure would
have had the work to do which we had neglected, and human progress
would have been one generation late. Moriturus vos saluto. Non
omnis moriar.

WHERE DO WE STAND EDUCATIONALLY, AS COMPARED WITH

FIFTY YEARS AGO.

John Herbert Sangster, M.A., M.D.

(Second Principal of the Normal School).

Where do we stand, educationally, as compared with fifty years
ago ? This is altogether too large an order to be filled in the allotted
time. Fortunately, the higher or university aspects of the question
may be eliminated, as not directly bearing on the occasion we are here
to celebrate. But, even restricting myself to a comparison of the
elementary schools and teaching of the present with those of fifty
years ago the best view I can possibly offer you within the prescribed
space of twenty minutes must, necessarily, be of a very cursory and
incomplete character.

Fifty years ago the youth of our fair Province were not over
burdened with educational privileges. Upper Canada College, and a
few widely scattered Grammar Schools, afforded moderate educational
opportunities to children of the favored class, but the Common Schools,
even in cities and towns were, in most instances, so mean in appearance
and so wretched in character and in appointments, and so barren of use
ful results, that private schools of a scarcely higher grade were
patronized by all save the miserably poor. Methods of teaching resolved
themselves into hap-hazard or the rule of thumb, and in school govern
ment moral suasion was, as yet, unknown. Robust or muscular peda
gogy was then much in vogue, and children at school were accustomed
to take their daily callings, almost as much as a matter of course, and,
as regularly, as they took their daily meals. Nor were the teachers,
as a rule, at all fastidious as to the instruments of punishment used. In
western Toronto there still linger awful legends of a public school
teacher of that period, who was much in the habit of employing his
wooden arm, both as a switch for the unruly and as a pedagogic per
suader, wherewith to hammer the three R s into unreceptive scholars
preferably addressing his striking appeals to the head, as being the
shortest cut to the intelligence. And the legends in question, no doubt
somewhat exaggerated, relate to breezes that occasionally arose, when
the iron hook at the end of the artificial limb by misadventure, knocked
out a few teeth, or broke a nose, or scraped off an ear, or put out an
eye. In rural sections things were quite as bad or worse. The
teachers were practically uncertificated, and almost universally incom
petent. The schools were generally mere log shanties, uninclosed, and
without appurtenances of any kind, destitute even of furniture save
that of the rudest and most primitive description, while the whole text-

book outfit of an entire school would, not frequently, consist of a few
Testaments, a Gough or a Walkinghame s Arithmetic, and a Mayor s
Spelling Book. Haply, if the school were above the ordinary run, or
had any special claim of literary excellence, a chance copy of Fox s~
Book of Martyrs, or of the Spectator or of Baldwin s Pantheon, might
be found in use in the highest reading class the single book passing
in succession to each reader, and the long words being skipped as
equally unpronounceable by teacher and taught. This may sound like
romance, but I am speaking from experience. True, that experience
was limited to the only two country schools it was my good or evil
hap to attend in my boyhood, but, as these were both in the even then
well settled township of Whitchurch a part of the now wealthy and
enlightened Inspectorate of my friend Mr. Fotheringham, they may I
presume, be accepted as fair samples of the schools at that time exist
ing. Of these, one was taught or rather presided over, by a rollicking
old sailor, whose strength lay in his frequent and picturesque use of
nautical phrases, and whose weakness consisted in his too great devo
tion to whiskey, profanity and tobacco. The other was conducted by
Tom Kelly a large-hearted little cripple from " acrass the say," who
was a cobbler by trade and a teacher by profession, and who carried
on both occupations simultaneously in the school room. He would
half-sole a pair of boots while hearing a class read, and would put a
neat patch on a shoe while giving out a column of spelling. Poor
Kelly was afflicted with some "throuble in his vitals," for which he had
to freely take " doctor s stuff," which he procured i rom a little brown
jug locked up in his desk. Every now and then when his " vitals "
were unusually bad, he had to unlock the desk so frequently and take so
much of the " doctor s stuff" that the little brown jug would give out,
and then our teacher would become " spachless and all sthruck of a
hape," and in that state we would have to carry him home and put him
to bed. Such were not unfrequently the school experiences of fifty
years ago. Teachers and schools of higher repute were to be found,
but they were exceptions to the rule. Indeed, no words of mine can
convey a more vivid portraiture of the literary and social status of the
public school teachers of that day, than is incidentally and very unin
tentionally afforded by a single paragraph of the formal protest then
made by the Gore District Council against the Chief Superintendent s
project for establishing a Normal School for the training and better
education of teachers. That important public body protested against
the expenditure of public moneys for the support of a Normal School,
on the ground that the scheme would prove inoperative, since (giving
the words as nearly as I can recollect them) " For its supply of common
school teachers, Upper Canada will have to depend in the future as it
has done in the past, upon discharged soldiers, and those who, from
physical or other disability, are unable to gain a livelihood by any
other means."

It belongs not to me to dwell upon the revolution in educational
affairs which followed the opening of the Normal School, or upon the
admirable work done by its early as well as by its later graduates.
Myself an ex-normalite of that period, and otherwise intimately related

to our graduates as a body, I can scarcely hope to be accepted as an
impartial witness in their behalf. That they did grand mission work
is, however, conceded by all. They were the zealous and faithful
apostles of the newer educational regime. Wherever they secured a
footing in the land, they became the exemplars of higher educational
aims, and of better educational results, and the unwearied advocates of
a larger educational liberality. If, during the earlier years of
the half century, success does not seem to have followed so closely
on the heels of effort as at present, let us remember that teachers,
then, had to contend with difficulties which, happily, no longer
exist. Expansion of school curriculum and improvement in school
technique were, naturally, then, of slow growth, since, among self-
governed people, such as ours, all movement in that direction is,
measurably, dependent on a developed public opinion for its support.
Our early graduates builded as they were able, did the best it was
possible to do with their materials and their opportunities. Perhaps
their most arduous and most effective work was done quite outside the
range of school routine. They had to preach and make possible the
gospel of a free education to all. They had to succeed in the face of
some active and of much passive opposition. They had to move the
multitude, had to overcome the vis inertiae of the masses. They had to
break down the prejudices of the people. They had to proselytize
those with whom they came in contact. They had to energize the
trustees and to relax their too tightly drawn corporate purse strings.
They were met everywhere with the obstructionists cry cui bono.
They had to bear, with whatever of equanimity they could command,
not only the malevolent criticisms of the ill-disposed, but with the
fussy and ignorant interference of pretentious friends, and especially
of those in authority. When, forty years ago, I ventured to devote
an occasional hour to entomological and botanical excursions, with my
classes, along the Hamilton mountain side, a kindly intentioned and
influential member of the Board remonstrated with me against what
he feared would be regarded as a very sinful waste of valuable time
on pure frivolous pursuits adding that, in his opinion, if such things
had to be learned at all, it should be from proper text books. Then,
and there, I was. so strongly placed in my position that I could and I
did persist in my methods of teaching these subjects, but, I was, in
that respect, exceptionally fortunate. I ani quite sure that, in most
places, a teacher who then presumed to send or take his classes afield,
on botanical rambles in search of plants and flowers, such rambles as
are now prescribed by the regulations, and organized in every school,
would have been looked upon as an educational crank, if not as an
educational lunatic, and would, in all probability, have been summarily
dismissed by his irate trustees as being too lazy himself to look up
garden sass for his own dinner, or posies for his own button hole. Each
succeeding year, however, witnessed an improvement in the sentiments
of the community on matters relating to Public Schools, and, by
degrees, the trials and annoyances of Normal School graduates became
proportionately less grievous to bear. Let us, however, with kindling
emotions, and with grateful appreciation, remember the pioneers of

our brotherhood the devoted men and women who, with unflagging
zeal, and with conspicuous intelligence, cleared the way for the better
things now within the teacher s reach. In an humble way they each
and all left their impress for good on their day and generation. Many
of them were sooner or later won to other, but, not to higher pursuits,
and, whether they embraced law, medicine or divinity, or entered into
mercantile or other departments of business life, or devoted themselves
to literature or to art, to agriculture or to politics, I am proud to know
that they, almost invariably, climbed high, and left the mark of good
work and notable achievement on their chosen vocations. Some died
in harness, teaching, to the end, still, alas ! living not long enough to
see, otherwise than by the eye of faith, the assured dawn of the
brighter educational day, in the rosy glow of whose yet early morning-
hours, we are, here, now, assembled. But although the lowly log or
frame school houses, sanctified by their hopes and fears, their joys
and sorrows, their struggles and their triumphs, their patient labors
and their ill-requited toil, may have now given place to costly brick
or stone temples dedicated to learning ; and, although the effacing
finger of time the weight of revolving years, may have already
flattened the mounds over their unmarked graves, let us not, on this
auspicious occasion, forget them, or refuse to recognize their claims, or
neglect to pay tribute to their faithful well-doing, in the day of smaller
possibilities in which their lots were cast.

Nor may we, even in this cursory glance at the work and influence
of the Normal School in its earlier life, omit all reference to the
revered father of the Public School system of Ontario. Dr. Ryerson
laid and established the shapely and solid foundations on which the
present Minister of Education is so wisely and so acceptably continu
ing to build modelling and erecting and perfecting his particular
storey of that noble superstructure, which must increasingly become
the pride and the glory of the people. This institution was not only
the first fruits and the most admirable outcome of Dr. Ryerson s
enlightened policy it was ever the cherished object of his solicitude
and love. Here, therefore, within these rooms, wherein the unseen
shade of his gracious presence, and the silent echoes of his much loved
voice may be said yet to linger, let his memory be kept forever green.
His life was an inspiration and a quickening spur to those who were
privileged to associate with him, and to know him well, and to them, and
to thousands upon thousands of his grateful fellow countrymen, his name
will always remain the synonym of fervid patriotism, and of executive
wisdom and power, and of large hearted humanity, and of Canadian
manhood, and of Christian gifts and graces. Nationally, we are quite
too close to him as yet to clearly perceive the grandeur and loftiness
of his public personality. The future will esteem him much more
highly than the present, will regard him as unquestionably the greatest
Canadian of the ceniury, and will accord him such lasting honors that,
long after the bronze effigy of his person which ornaments these
grounds, shall have crumbled into the dust of the ages, his name and
the grand results of his life work shall still endure. Peace to his
ashes ! May our Canadian youth never cease to emulate his virtues,
or to strive to attain to the measure of his glorious individuality.

To a brief statement of my impressions regarding some of the
educational aspects of the present, I proceed with much diffidence.
For twenty-five years past, my attention has been engrossed by my
present pursuits my energies have been devoted to the daily routine
of medical reading and medical practice. During all those years I have
found but little leisure in which to keep myself familiar with the
trend of modern educational thought, or with the everchanging phases
of modern educational development and technique. Hence, to-day, in
the presence of an audience, composed largely or wholly of those hot
from the educational work-shops or the educational directorate of the
land, I am oppressed with feelings nearly akin to those which perplex
a traveller, who, grown grey in foreign climes, has just returned to his
own his native land, and is there confronted with changes and evolu
tions and developments which almost amount to revolution. His once
well-known land marks are set back or swept away. His trusted
standards of comparison are superseded by newer ideals or by larger
actualities. Even the modes of thought, and turns of expression, and
fashions of speech, erst in use, have become so altered that his own
vernacular now strangely halts upon his unaccustomed tongue. And
thus, standing among once familiar surroundings, where, haply, in the
past, he was wont to speak ex cathedra, he is now weighted with a
strange and a mortifying consciousness of inaptitude and uncertainty,
which prompt him to be wisely silent. And yet, Sir, on this occasion,
and, in this presence, I feel that silence on my part might be miscon
strued. 1 bow to the inevitable, and am quite content to be regarded
as an old young man, or, if you so prefer it, as a young old man ; but I
am not content to be regarded as having yet arrived at that stage of
senility, when a man becomes all retrospect, and is no longer anything
better than what Horace terms " laudator temporis acti. " Nor am I
disposed to lay myself open to the imputation of being, either so ungen
erous as to withhold my poor meed of praise from, or too generous to
frankly express my disapproval of, whatever, in the newer educational
dispensation, may, to my judgment, appear to merit the one or the other.

It appears to me that no particular, pertaining to the depart
mental evolution of the past twenty-five years, more obtrusively chal
lenges comment, from one who has been out of harness for that length
of time, than the fluent character of both the legal enactments and
the departmental regulations that now conjointly determine the edu
cational " modus agendi " of the Province. The more or less rigid con
servatism of former years seems to have given place, not only to a
more prompt adoption of obvious improvements and needed reforms,
but even to what may, perhaps, in some instances, be termed a tenta
tive groping after better things. At first view I was inclined to look
upon this want of fixity in enactment and administration, as a defect
in the system. More careful consideration, however, leads me to
regard it as an evidence of vitality and progress, rather than of weak
ness or vacillation. It may, I think, be accepted as showing how
quickly amenable the Department is to public opinion when conveyed
to it through legitimate channels. The community influences the
educational executive in many ways, but chiefly, through the Press,

the Legislature and the Inspectorate. It is gratifying to know that,
upon the whole, the Press has given the Department a generous sup
port. Except at recurring periods of political excitement, it rises
superior to party proclivities, and during the past fifty years, and
especially during the past twenty-five years, it has done noble work
for the furtherance of the educational interests of the Province. The
leading newspapers of the day may be only self-appointed educational
assessors, but they are none the less valuable or influential on that
account, and, as a rule, they have not abused their power, or been
heedless of their responsibilities, or deaf to the calls of duty. Their
appraisements of school laws and regulations and methods and results
are, except when obviously warped by party bias, or written with party
intent, of great service, in keeping the administration in close touch
with the people. Their suggestions, often acted on, are frequently of
much practical value. Not always so, however, and the fact that
inspiration derived from this source, is not uniformly plenary in kind
may, perhaps, explain why, in some instances, enactment has been fol
lowed by repeal. Even the adverse criticisms of the party press
sometimes rather free and always quite pointed may not be an
unmixed evil, if, indeed, they be an evil at all. In my opinion they
are, not an evil, but a necessary and a valuable feature of the system as
it now exists. If newspapers in this way, dispense more strychnine than
sugar, they administer it only in small doses, and, though bitter in taste, it
exerts an excellent tonic effect. When the strictures thus made touch real
evils or suggest real improvements, reform or adoption, sooner or later,
inevitably follows; and when they are "voxet prceterea nihil" they pro
bably still serve the minister as an unfailing antidote against the malady
called " Swelled head ", which occasionally attacks those who live on
the mountain tops and who are too exclusively fed on party pap and
party soothing syrup and party exhilarants. By the joint efforts of
the two sections of the press, the Minister of Education certainly
enjoys the unique privilege of being the best painted man in the Domin
ion. He is painted from every conceivable and from nearly every in
conceivable standpoint, and in every known and nearly every unknown
shade of color. If the artists of one political camp dip their brushes
only in rose-pink and sky-blue, those of the other camp use only plain
black and white and especially black. He is not likely to ever pine
and grow thin from stress of repeating Burns ardent aspiration :

Oh 1 wad some power the giftie gie us

To see oursels as ithers see us.

It wad frae mony a blunder free us."

He has probably long ago lost his own identity and forgotten how he
ever looked to himself through his own eyes. The very freedom with
which such adverse criticisms are hurled at him may, possibly, serve to
keep the Departmental atmosphere strongly charged with the tensional
electricity of patriotic thinking, and high resolve, and heroic doing,
since it constantly reminds him and his subordinates

" If there s a hole in a your coats
I rede you tent it ;
A chiel s amang you takin notes,
And, faith ! he ll prent it.

But, although the Minister comes in touch with the community at
many points the Public and High School Inspectors are the official
tentacula by which he grasps and apprehends are the especial agents
through and by whom he perceives and acts. He is the brain, the
executive, the central intelligence of the system, they are its afferent
and efferent, its sensory and motor nerves, not only carrying the
instructions and behests of the Department to teachers and trustees,
but also gathering- up from these, and from other peripheral sources,
intimations of public and professional approval or the reverse, and
impressions concerning the existing condition and tendency of things,
and the present and prospective requirements of the public service,
and, either by formal reports, or by personal conference, promptly con
veying these to the Minister, for his information and guidance. When
the efficient and thorough system of inspection which now prevails was
first established by the late Chief Superintendent, I was satisfied that
it would prove to be the key-stone and connecting bond of the whole
that the success and integrity of the entire educational chain would
very largely depend upon the zeal and faithfulness with which the
Inspectors did their work. Time has but confirmed the correctness of
my views in that respect, and now, we are all agreed, that it would be
difficult to over estimate the value of the educational services of these
public officers, or to adequately express the obligations of the Province
to them in that behalf. It is, I take it, an important part of their
unspecified function to serve, as they were designed to serve, as a
pledge of the intrinsic democratism of our Public School system.
Appointed by the people through their elected representatives in
County Council assembled, they are paid by the people, they are
responsible to the people alone, they hold office only during the pleasure
of the people, and yet, as I have explained, they are at the same time
so related to the Department, that, conjointly with their High School
confreres, they inspire all or much of the school laws and regulations
that are from time to time enacted. Thus it may be truly said th.it
the very genius of our Public School system is democratism pure and
simple. It may indeed be fairly questioned whether, even in any
State of the American Union, the people have as potent and as con
trolling a voice in educational concerns as have the citizens of Ontario.
In such a system mobility of regulation and enactment is inevitable, is
the exponent of its progressiveness, is a proof of its vitality, is the
measure of its adaptability to the public service. To taboo all educa
tional essay or trial would amount to educational stagnation if not to
retrogression. All that can be required to preserve the integrity and
continuity of the system, as a whole, is that, while the central author
ities show, as they must show, a reasonable readiness to " prove all
things " that seem to make for the betterment of educational con
cerns, they shall equally manifest a fixed resolve to only " hold fast
that which is good."

I note, with much pleasure, the increased care taken to make the
teaching, both in Public and High Schools, progressively more and yet
more real and common-sense in its character. The course of instruction
is more extended, the technique is improved and proportionately

higher results are obtained. Of this, in my opinion, there can be no
possible doubt. In this connection, both the Department and the
Province are to be congratulated on the greatly improved school equip
ment now provided by trustees. I can remember when it required all
the insistence of the Educational office to induce or to compel a Board
to supply its school with a paltry set of four or five maps and a few
pictures of objects. I am credibly informed that, now, schools are
almost universally well equipped ; that each High School in the Prov
ince has not only a well furnished laboratory where every student has
to learn whatever he acquires of chemistry practically, by self -con
ducted experiment and simple qualitative analysis, but also an ample
set of philosophical apparatus, including a working telegraph, a work
ing telephone, a working electro -motor, and other appliances for the
practical teaching of science. I further learn, with much satisfaction,
that, except as works of reference, text-books, in the teaching of
science, are practically discarded. The student of botany is referred
to the dead or living plant, is required to identify the specimen by
name, to dissect and demonstrate its parts, to discuss its root, stem,
leaves, flower, fruit and seed ; its relations, properties and uses ; and to
correctly place it in the natural system of classification. The youthful
zoologist goes quite as deeply and as practically into the investigation
of animal forms, and whether he is working on a mammal, bird, fish or
reptile, or on one of the lower animal creations, he is required with
scalpeland microscope,to separate and examine the histological elements
of each. Nor is it only in the natural sciences that real, as dis
tinguished from perfunctory, teaching appears to be insisted upon. I
observe with much approval that your regulations require your
examiners in the languages, ancient and modern to test each pupil s
knowledge by his ability to translate, and to grammatically analyse
and discuss sight passages not included in the prescribed texts. In
English literature, the intelligent and appreciative study of assigned
English classics, by the aid of a living teacher, and the liberal memoriz
ation of their finest passages invaluable as even this alone would be
is by no means all that is demanded. To test his knowledge and the
quality of the teaching he has received, the examiners are here again
required to prove him by sight passages not included in the assigned
work, so as to gauge his ability to interpret and appreciate literature
for himself. The course of bookkeeping, I notice, is either general or
special. The former aims at giving an ordinary knowledge of the sub
ject such as is required by everyone while the latter is so full and is
taught so practically that a pupil who takes it and secures the
Departmental Commercial Diploma is, I should say, fully competent
to take his place forthwith at the accountant s desk. In stenography
he is required to practice until he attains a rate of at least fifty words
a minute. And although approved typewriters are not yet supplied
to each school, they, and other good things, will no doubt, eventually,
get there.

My remarks in this connection may seem to apply more especially
to High Schools, but I wish to say that, in my opinion, Public Schools
are not a whit less worthy of praise than their more advanced sister

institutions. An educational chain can be no stronger than its weakest
link. That the Public Schools, in their limited sphere, do not form a
weak link in our educational chain must, I think, be patent to all who
take the trouble to look beneath the surface. Many of the best and
most experienced teachers in the Province are engaged in Public
School work and the realness and excellence of the teaching done there
is freely attested by appreciative inspectors and trustees. Even the
youngest third-class teacher employed in a public school, must have
passed the departmental tests as 1o knowledge, must have spent the
prescribed time in a training or Model School, for instruction in the
science and practice in the art o teaching, and must have obtained a
certificate of qualification in these respects from a County Board of
Examiners while those with higher pretentions and more advanced
certificates, must have passed the higher Departmental tests as to
scholarship, must have spent one year at least in actual teaching, and,
subsequently thereto, must have graduated from a Normal School.
Both the literary and the professional competence of Public School
teachers is thus assured, and the vigor and the value of the work
done by the inspectors, I have already alluded to. That the results
are eminently creditable to all concerned, is altogether beyond any
peradventure, is, in fact, shown by the remarkable success with which
Public School pupils pass the successive tests for promotion from
grade to grade, and for entrance into the High Schools. Considering
the average age of the candidates, the High School Entrance Examin
ation is quite a severe test, and it is rigorously applied. It appears to
be a much more advanced test than it was twenty years ago. Yet the
Public Schools now send up more than twice as many candidates for
this examination as they did then, and, of those sent up, sixty-one per
cent, now pass, while twenty years ago only fifty-two per cent, were
successful. If these facts mean anything they mean that the Public
Schools do more work and do better work now than they did twenty
years ago.

One of the most distinctive, and, in my opinion, one of the most
admirable features of the educational present is the comprehensive and
thorough system of examinations now controlled by the Department.
I can recollect their comparatively humble origin. Forty two years ago,
the Hamilton School Board commissioned me to spend a few weeks
looking into the city Public School systems of New York, Pennsylvania
and the New England States. Of the different educational centres I
then visited, the school system of Boston was reputedly, and, I think,
actually the best. On my return home I graded the Central School,
and introduced grade limit tables and promotion tests similar to those
used in Boston, but more thoroughly applied. These were subsequently
adopted in the Provincial Model School, and were officially prescribed
for use in all graded Public Schools. In due time they were extended
and made to apply to Grammar or High Schools and Collegiate Insti
tutes. Ultimately they became expanded to their present phenomenal
proportions by the absorption of County Board and Normal School
academic tests for the teachers certificates, and the matriculation tests
of the different universities, technical colleges and schools, and learned

professions. The latter functions were, doubtless, largely imposed
upon the Department by outside pressure. Of this, my own profession
furnishes a notable instance. The Medical Council, of which I have
the honor to be an elected member, formerly held its own examinations
for matriculation in medicine, through two appointed examiners,
one at Kingston and the other at Toronto. The examination cost the
candidate $10 in place of the $5 now paid, or, taking into consideration
the travelling expenses often from remote parts of the province to these
centres, it involved, in many cases, four or five times as great an out
lay as at present. The examinations were otherwise unsatisfactory,
and the Council decided to accept, in lieu of theaa, one or other of the
Departmental tests, then in force. It has never seen cause to regret
its decision to that effect, and, to-day, such is our confidence in the
realness and absolute value of the Departmental examinations, that the
representative members of the Council would not willingly set aside
the Departmental Certificate, in favor of any unlimited university
qualification even up to, and inclusive of, a degree in Arts. Practical
educationists know very well that the dependence to be placed on the
certificate or diploma or degree-in Arts of any institution, is determined,
not chiefly by the face value of its requirements, or by the extent or
parade of its curriculum, but by the thoroughness and stringency with
which its examination tests are applied. Our objection, in the Medical
Council, to accept university standing as qualifying for matriculation
means, not that we have no confidence in any university, but that
when eight or ten universities become competing bodies, so far us
medical matriculation is concerned, there is no surety that their tests
are equally applied, we know that in the past the tests of some were
applied with discreditable laxity and, consequently, as we dare not
discriminate, university standing, in this connection, represents to us
an unknown or a variable quantity. We know also that the drift of
candidates is always towards the least exacting examining body.
Hence our fixed resolve to stand by the Departmental tests ; and it is
no secret that other technical colleges and other professions take the
same stand, as the Medical Council, in this matter. I have only to
add, that, in my opinion, the Departmental examinations are the
touchstone, as the Inspectorate is the keystone, of the entire educational
system of the province, and that neither can be tampered with without
gravely marring the integrity and efficiency and equipoise of the
whole. The decentralization of teachers examinations and of those of
university and profession matriculation, due to the present plan of
making each High School a centre at which candidates may write, has
undoubtedly been a boon to all. I may, perhaps, be permitted to add,
in this connection, that it would be a concession generally appreciated
by the public, to increase, by at least one-half, the time assigned to
each paper at these examinations. There are many reasons which
readily suggest themselves to practical teachers, why, if the Depart
ment errs, here, at all, it should be on the side of over-liberality. It
is unquestionably a fact, that, with more time, hundreds of candidates
would make a better showing than they now do, and, thus, in many
cases, unintentionally unjust rating would be avoided.

There are other features of the educational system at present in
force, which seem, to me, to merit unqualified approval but I have no
time now to discuss them. I particularly regret that I am thus pre
cluded from saying some of the good things, I have in my heart to say,
about the kindergartening which has, since my day, been incorporated
into the system. I remember, however, with great pleasure that the
very last lectures on education, I had the honor to deliver in this
Institution twenty-six years ago, were devoted to a description of the
kindergarten, and to the advocacy of its early introduction into our
cities and towns.

Are we to conclude then that our school system is faultless ?
Happily No ! Not that, by any means. Imperfection is the hall
mark of all mundane affairs. Progressive institutions, like progressive
individuals, live and grow strong by effort, by constantly struggling
to attain to higher phases of existence. If, by any chance, an institu
tion ever reaches perfection, there is, for it, no more struggle, decadence
sets in, and death by cardiac failure, or by senile gangrene, or by gen
eral paresis closes the scene. I trust, therefore, that our school system
is not yet within 1000 years of perfection. If time served, I would
like to point out several particulars in which it is more or less faulty,
I can only now shortly indicate two or three of these. For instance.
I am not altogether in accord with the complete divorcement of the
academic and pedagogic functions in our Normal Schools. That, form
erly, the energies of the school were far too largely devoted to academic
work, I readily admit. Nevertheless the other extreme may be found
to be equally a mistake. There are, I take it, sound pedagogic reasons
why these institutions should still do a limited amount of academic
work. I think those reasons are so imperative that they must, event
ually, force their own recognition, and I venture to predict that a longer
experience of the present system will lead to a partial restoration of
the feature now so rigorously excluded.

I strongly approve of the recent change made in the constitution
of County Boards of Examiners ; yet I am not quite satisfied with the
constitution of these Boards. The certificate of the Board is a legal
authorization to teach and the examination leading thereto, should,
undoubtedly, be in the hands of teachers and Inspectors. Doctors,
lawyers and clergymen are possessed of vailed and multiplied excel
lencies ameng which, however, are not any special qualifications to
serve on County Boards. And seeing how sensitively jealous these
professions are of any outside interference with their own guild rights
and immunities, I am only surprised that they did not long ago, them
selves protest against being placed in a position, where they were
compelled to do unto others as they would not that others should do
unto them. It would, in my opinion, be a still further improvement
to throw, for examination purposes, two or three adjacent counties into
one, so as to make the joint Board a larger body. And to make it
still more independent of local influences, which tend to relax, which,
in this case, strongly tend to relax vigor and stringency of function,
it may be found necessary to give one or more appointees of the Depart
ment seats in each of these joint County Boards, as a guarantee to

both the public, and the central authorities, that these examinations,
which are certainly not the least important in the whole series, are real,
and not merely perfunctory.

I have no sympathy with the cry that the Department encourages
cramming in the High Schools. As far as I can interpret the spirit
and intent of the Departmental regulations, and instructions to exam
iners, every possible preventative measure, that can be adopted, is
explicitly enjoined ; and, moreover, the eminently real and practical
teaching done in the High Schools would seem, of itself, to render cram
ming, in most subjects impossible. And, further, in the few subjects
such as History and Geography in which cramming might be resorted
to, the peculiar forms of the questions given on the examination papers
would seem designed to preclude anyone, who had merely crammed
for the test, from passing it at all. But, while there is not, and cannot
be, much cramming, in the only sense in which careful people use that
term, there can be, and, I fear, there is a very lamentable amount of
over-study in connection with High School work. I regard this as
the worst feature of the entire system, but I am not very clear as to
where the responsibility rests, or what, if any, remedy can be applied
to prevent or to lessen the evil. Your system, Sir. is an eminently
successful system. I doubt whether more work or better work is
accomplished in Public and High Schools anywhere else in the world.
I will go further, and say I doubt whether as much good work is done
anywhere else in schools of a similar grade. But to accomplish these
desirable results your schools are run at high pressure. Your system
is designed to take out of both teachers and taught all there is in them.
The educational dilettanteism, which so largely prevails to the south
of us, finds no place here. Our American neighbors run what may be
termed a decorated educational accommodation train, w T here we run an
every day through express. Our educational conductors and engine
drivers are earnest, keen-eyed, hardfisted men, in work-a-day clothes,
who mean business, and are bound to run their trains on time. I have
the pleasure of knowing many of our High School Masters, personally
or by repute. In scholarly attainments and knowledge of their pro
fession in zeal and in the faithful discharge of duty, they are, I know,
easily the peers of the best men of their class elsewhere in the world.
We have much reason to be proud of them. I know that some I
believe that many deplore this tendency to over-study, and do their
best to prevent it, but the remedy lies not with them. The evil is
perhaps, inherent to any advanced school curriculum, vigorously pur
sued. Your course of study is necessarily arranged so as to meet the
requirements of students of fair or average ability. Unfortunately, there
are, in every school, some pupils of less than average ability, who can
only keep up with the class by extra work. If their inferiority is
marked, the extra work may become excessive. It is true that pupils
can vegetate in the High School for years without writing for any
examination whatever, but neither they nor their parents want that.
The former are self -impelled to over exertion by a not unnatural
anxiety to do as well as others. The great factor, however, in pro
moting over-study on the part of High School pupils, is, I fear, a sort

of vis a teryo the pressure brought to bear on them by ambitious or
injudicious parents, who are loath to believe that their family half -pint
pots are not just as capacious as neighboring family pint or quart pots.
The Head Masters, as I have said, discourage overstudy. They do it
to their great honor, because somewhat to their own detriment ; for,
unhappily, their own efficiency and success are largely measured by
the results they reach at these examinations. Parents and trustees
watch for the annually published lists, and eagerly scan them, in order
to compare their schools and their teachers with those of other dis
tricts, and, if any marked falling off appears, unpleasantness of various
kinds and degrees is sure to follow. It would appear then that, as the
responsibility for over-study rests chiefly or wholly with the people
themselves, its rerne.ly or prevention also lies chiefly in their hands.
Experience and a keener appreciation of parental responsibility may,
in time, teach the lesson that it is often a father s duty, here, to put
down the brakes, in place of turning on more steam, and the family
physician frequently has it in his power to offer wise counsels in this
respect. And I am glad to be able to record my conviction that my
professional confreres seldom or never neglect to point out the dangers
of over mental application. The Department can apparently do little
more than has been done to prevent its necessity. The separation of
the Matriculation and Junior Leaving examinations into parts I and II,
which may be passed separately, and in Different years, is evidently,
a concession to students of less than average capacity, but further
relief in that direction is clearly barred by the risk of running into
" the burlesque of " education-with-exarninations-on-the-instalment-
plan." One can see several possible ways out of the difficulty, but,
none without hazard of grave injury to the integrity and value of the
whole system. For instance, if the annual lists were published, as a
whole, in strict alphabetical order, and not by districts or schools,
over-study or much of it would at once cease, but in that case, I fear
that our fast educational express would be apt to degenerate into a mere
decorated accommodation train. He who may be able to devise a
scheme which shall prevent all over-study, without, at the same time,
hobbling the progress of those with average or with superior abilities,
will richly deserve the thanks of every one.

Of our Public School system I have only to add that, as far as rural
sections are concerned, it has, probably, in its present shape, reached
the limit of its usefulness, and that unless it be materially altered, it
will not likely prove equal to the requirements of the future. To be
prepared to compete in the keen commercial and industrial struggle of
the twentieth century, farmers sons and daughters will, unquestionably,
need an educational equipment, which in kind, and in extent, the
present system cannot supply, and was never intended to supply. This
difficulty has cropped up in other lands, and, so far, only two solutions
have been tentatively put forward. One is the creation of special
schools ; the other is the amplification of existing schools. Not the
least important objections to the creation of special schools are : first,
the deterioration or degradation of ordinary Public Schools which
would inevitably result ; and, second, the improbability that they

could be established in sufficient number to better reach the requhv-
ments of the rural population than they are now served by the High
Schools. The amplification of all rural Public Schools would involve
the obliteration of school sections as they now exist, and the sub
division of a township into only three or four districts in place of the
sixteen or twenty now obtaining. This plan would secure to town
ships all the benefits of graded schools, would obviate the preN iit
waste of teaching energy, and would admit of a very material exten
sion of the school course of study. Its adoption would probably
involve, as it does in some of the New England States, the carrying of
distant pupils to and from school at the public expense, but that out
lay would be trifling compared with the saving effected by having to
equip and maintain only three or four schools in place of sixteen or
twenty. The problem of making the Public Schools equal to the new
demands made upon them, may be regarded as the most important
now before the Education Department ; and he who solves it satis
factorily and secures therewith the indispensable concurrence of the
people, will do a grand work, and will deserve honor, second only to
that conferred upon Dr. Ryerson himself.

THE JUBILEE BANQUET.

The Jubilee celebration was brought to a conclusion by a banquet
at the Rossin House, on Tuesday evening, November 3rd, at which
about one hundred gentlemen were present. If the evening had been
fine, and, if the ladies had been invited, it is quite certain that a very
much larger number would have attended. The chair was occupied
by the Hon. Geo. W. Ross, LL.D., Minister of Education, and the vice-
chairs, by Principal A. MacMurchy, M.A., of Jarvis St. Colk giuu-
Institute (representing the students who attended before 1876), and
Prof. J. G. Hume, ALA.., Ph. D. of Toronto University (representing
the students who attended since 1875). To the right of the chairman,
sat President James Loudon, M.A., LL.D. of Toronto University ; the
Rev. E. A. Welsh, M.A., D.C.L., Provost of Trinity College, Toronto;
Rev. A. H. Reynar, M.A., LL.D., of Victoria University ; Eev. E. H-
Dewart, D.D.; Rev. G. M. Milligan, M.A., D.D.; and Prof. John Macoau
of Ottawa; and, to the left, sat J. Herbert Sangster, M.A., M.D. ; S. P.
Robins, M.A., LL.D., Principal of McGill Normal School, Montreal ; J.
A. MacCabe, M.A., LL.D., Principal of Ottawa Normal School; G. R.
Parkin, M.A., LL.D., Principal of Upper Canada College; and G. S.
Ryerson, M.D., M.P.P. The following gentlemen were also present :
Messrs. Wm. Scott, B.A., Dr. Fotherinuham, Robert W. Doan, Robert
W. Murray, Dr. J. H.McFaul,Rev.R. P.Mackay, M.A., Toronto; Dr. W.L.
Herriman, Lindsay; James Maxwell, Alelville Cross; G. H. Armstrong,
B.A., B. Peed., A. McMillan, E. R. Dewart, D. J. Flynn, John Alillar,B.A.,
Toronto ; W. Carlyle, Woodstock ; Prof. H. W. Hart, London, England ;
S. McAllister, W. F. Chapman, Toronto; C. B. Linton, Gait; G.
K.Powell, Arch. MacMurchy, M. A. .Toronto; Dr. Stalker, Ridgetown; Jas.
A. Youmans, Bear s Hill.Alta. ; Henry R. Alley, W.Pakenham,B. A., A.C.
Casselman, J. F. White, W. Prendergast, B. A., Toronto; John Dearness,
Chas. Clark, London ; Dr. John S. King, Wm. Houston, M. A. .Toronto : J.
H. Smith, F. C. Blaicher, B. E. Charlton, Dr. James Russell, Hamilton ;
W. A. Douglas, Toronto ; Chas. A. Barnes, B.A., London ; J. E. Hodgson,
M.A., A. Mclntosh, Toronto ; Thos. Pearce, Berlin ; Rev. Dr. Mungo
Fraser, Hamilton; John C. Copp, T. M. Porter, W. E. Groves, Toronto ;
C.Ferrier, Alimico; W. J. Hendry, Toronto; Dr. J. M. Platt, Pictoii ;
Principal Kirkland, M.A., Normal School, Toronto; Dr. A. McPhedran,
Toronto ; Dr. Aaron J. Campbell, Gravenhurst ; Geo. M. Ritchie, J. W.
Rogers, E. W. Bruce, B.A., J. Bennett, I. J. Birchard, M.A., Ph. D

[83]

Toronto ; W. E. Tilley, M.A., Ph. D., Bowmanville; Joseph Richardson,
Tavistock ; Abram Bretz, Toronto : J. S. Deacon, Milton ; G. D. Platt,
B.A , Picton ; Dr. S. P. May, Dr. E. J. Barrick, R W. Hicks, Toronto ;
Rev. J. A. Morrison, Col. Sam. Hughes, M.P., Lindsay.

Vice-Principal Scott read a letter of regret from Chancellor Bur-
wash, stating that his enforced absence was owing to sickness. In it
reference was made to the happy relations which had always existed
between Victoria University and the Normal School, and to the fact
that Victoria was the first University in Ontario to accept Normal
School certificates as equivalent to matriculation.

The Toast List.

The Chairman, in introducing the toasts agreed upon by the Com
mittee, spoke as follows : I regret that the Alumni of the Toronto
Normal School have not during the past half century cultivated greater
loyalty to their alma mater and a more fraternal spirit among them
selves. The Toronto Normal School has rendered invaluable service to
the Province as one of its greatest educational forces. From the very
first, it established a high standard of fitness for the teaching pro
fession, and during its whole career, it has clearly shown that the
intelligent study of correct methods of teaching is of the utmost
importance to every one who would wish to excel as a teacher. The
Normal School has also given a great stimulus even to teachers who
were unable to avail themselves of its advantages. Oft-times, the
holder of a Normal School certificate had opportunities of showing the
superiority of the methods of study and instruction which he had
acquired within its halls and many were ready to profit by his example
and his success. In fact, every profession has been enriched because of
the existence of this Normal School. To the young man whose ambi
tion carried him beyond the ranks of the teaching profession, the
Normal School was indeed an inspiration, and to-day not a few doctors
and lawyers and clergymen had their ambition to improve their posi
tion in life, aroused by attendance at the Normal School.

When the Toronto Normal School was established fifty years ago,
our School System was in its infancy ; Dr. Ryerson had just a year
or two previously been appointed Chief Superintendent. The whole
system of education was in a transition state. Who can tell to what
.extent the attention given at the Normal School to pedagogical prin
ciples, influenced the legislation with regard to Public and High
Schools, the preparation of text books, the courses of study, and every
thing that has contributed so greatly to the efficiency of our School
System ?

Let us not forget the part Dr. Ryerson played in the establish
ment of a school whose Jubilee we are now celebrating. Let us not
forget the efficient work done by Dr. Robertson, the first Principal of
the Normal School, and by Dr. Sangster, his successor, nor let us for
get the spirit which animated these men while endeavoring to lead their
students to form higher ideals of the profession in which they were then
engaged, and of the influence which the school room should exert upon
the country to which they belonged. Modern civilization would be greatly

handicapped were it not for the trained teacher. We may, therefore,
as the Alumni of this institution whose record is so closely connected
with the educational evolution of the country, rejoice to-night that its
influence, though not perhaps so fully recognized as it should be, has
been felt in every corner of Ontario and possibly of the Dominion, and
as loyalty to the country was always an essential part of our instruc
tion, I now propose that we begin the proceedings of this evening by
drinking to the health of Her Gracious Majesty, Queen Victoria. I
give, " The Queen, God bless Her." This toast was honored with be
coming enthusiasm, the whole audience joining in singing the National
Anthem.

The " Dominion Parliament " was responded to in happy terms by
Dr. Platt, ex-M.P., who expressed the opinion that the more graduates
of the Normal School there were in the Dominion Parliament the better
it would be for the Parliament and for the country.

" The Ontario Legislature, " which was proposed in a happy speech
by the Chairman, was responded to by Dr. Ryerson, M. P.P., who had been
very much impressed with the Jubilee and the celebration which had
been held. During the past fifty years the educational institutions of
the Province had left a decided mark upon the national life. There
was the deepest interest taken in educational matters by every member
of the House, no matter on which side of the Speaker he sat, and,
although there might be some difference of opinion as regards some of
the details in the matter of administration and education, they are all
agreed that the educational system is one of which, as Ontarians and
Canadians, they were justly proud.

Col. Hughes, M. P., who responded to the toast of the " Army,
Navy and Volunteers, " was introduced by the Chairman as one who
had reflected credit upon the Normal School from which he graduated.
The Colonel justified the introduction of military drill into the Public
and High Schools of the Province as necessary and advantageous, in
order that a spirit of patriotism may be inculcated and habits of dis
cipline formed.

The toast list was then handed over to the first Vice -Chairman,
Principal MacMurchy who proposed the toast of " Higher Education."

President Loudon, who was the first to respond, as representing the
University of Toronto, congratulated the Normal School upon the very
great success which had attended the celebration. There should be, he
opined, the closest possible connection and kindliest feelings between
the Normal School and the Colleges and Universities, all of which are
links in our splendid system of education.

Provost Welch, as one of a very small minority of those present
who had not been connected with the Toronto Normal School, respond
ed on behalf of Trinity University. He paid a tribute to the impor
tance of the teaching profession, which was second only, if indeed
second at all, to that of the sacred calling of the ministry.

Rev. Dr. Reynar, after apologizing for the absence of Chancellor
Burwash, said he felt at home in an assembly of the alumni of the
Normal School, whose founder (Dr. Ryerson) was a Victoria man. It
had also been his pleasure years ago to advocate the acceptance of

Normal School certificates by Victoria, and he had enjoyed the satis
faction of ultimately seeing them accepted.

Dr. Parkin, who replied on behalf of Upper Canada College,
referred to the great influence which the Normal Schools exercised
upon the public life of the lower Provinces by furnishing men who had
won their way to seats in the Cabinet.

In proposing the toast of " Sister Institutions," Professor Hume
referred to Sir Wilfrid Laurier as a representative Canadian who had
graduated from a sister educational institution in the Province of
Quebec.

Dr. E,obins, of McGill Normal School, Montreal, in responding to
this toast, expressed his regret that the conduct of public education is
Provincial, rather than National, and appealed to the Hon. Geo. W.
Ross to use his great influence in the direction of an enlargement of
our educational horizon.

Dr. Mac.Cabe, of the Ottawa Normal School, also responded to
this toast, and expressed his high appreciation of the successful work
done by the Toronto Normal School during the last fifty years, and
he hoped that success would continue to follow its efforts.

Dr. Sangster, in proposing the toast of the ex-students of the
Toronto Normal School, said :

To most of us this is an occasion fraught with very mingled feel
ings of joy and sadness. It is a matter of regret that we could not all be
here that some of our graduates have been riven from us by the
hand of death, and that others are almost equally separated from us
by sickness,or by intervening space, or by any other insuperable obstacle.
Especially do we grieve that many whom we knew and loved as fellow
students, and others whom we knew and loved as preceptors, or pupils, or
associates, are beyond the reach of our felicitations, peacefully resting
from their labors, where they banquet not. And touching these, we
sorrow that,in our varied spheres, we were not,it may be, while they were
yet present with us, always as careful as we might have been to cheer
and help them on their way that, perhaps, we did not always with
hold the angry word that smites like a knife and rankles in the wound.
In a peculiar degree is this sorrow mine to-night, in that, while to me
were given special opportunities to encourage and to cheer, to me also
were assigned especially strong temptations to vex by sharp reproof,
and I greatly fear that I only too frequently neglected my opportuni
ties and succumbed to my temptations in that respect.

l&gt;ut it is a matter of rejoicing that we can here to-night still
grasp the lining fingers, and gaze into the kindling eyes of so many of
our fellow graduates that here to-night we once more thrill at the
touch of long vanished hands and hark en to the music of long silent
voices, and trace the lineaments of once familiar faces, and the contour
of once familiar forms. We are especially glad that, though we may
hail from many lands, may have wandered into many diverging paths
of life, may have different faiths and belong to opposing political
camps, we are here to night in our homogeneous capacity a brother
hood claiming a common educational origin and acknowledging the
same almti mater. To-night we remember no past differences, no

estrangements, no causes of strife, no grounds of offence. We enter
tain none but kindly memories of one another, and harbour only loyal
good wishes for each other s future well-being and success.

The graduates of the Normal School, down to 1875, number I am
told over 3,000. After teaching acceptably for longer or shorter per
iods of time many of these left the profession and climbed worthily,
elsewhere, into positions of great responsibility and power. To
day some of these fill the chief pulpits of our own and other
lands, or are among the luminaries of the Bench and the Bar, or
are the ornaments of the Medical and other Professions, or are among
the most successful Men of Business here and among kindred people,
or fill the seats of honour in Senate Chambers or Legislative Halls,
and wo are proud to convey to these, our distinguished brothers, our
hearty congratulations on the proud pre-eminence they have so nobly
achieved. But assuredly no less proud are we of those of our ex-
students who have not suffered themselves to be seduced from their
first love, but are educators still. Of these some are now among the
most valued Public School Inspectors in the Province, some fill, and
most efficiently fill, professorial chairs in native and foreign univer
sities, some worthily and acceptably fill preceptors chairs in our own
alma mater and in other Normal Schools, some are successful masters
in High Schools and Collegiate Institutes and some are still engaged
in the perhaps humbler but certainly no less useful and honourable
work of teaching in Public Schools. Of those still in harness a few
have taught continuously for fifty years, others for forty, thirty or
twenty years. We rejoice that so many have not turned back after
putting their hand to the educational plow. They have been and
many of them still are engaged in a work of grandest potentialities.
Their labours may be truly said to have touched the chief est life springs
of the nation. Who shall attempt to estimate the aggregate of all the
good they have accomplished during the past fifty years ? What tape-
line has inches enough, what cyclometer has miles enough, to measure
the length and breadth of the elevating and refining formative influence
they have brought to bear on the young ? What plummet is long
enough to sound the depths in the ocean of Canadian humanity, which
they may have first irradiated with the light of Divine Love or with
the ardent tire of high resolve or with the steady glow of heroic doing ?

A teacher is much or is nothing according to the spirit in which he
works. I know of no thing that is smaller or more contemptible than
a teacher w T ho is a mere day-laborer, working for hire, as though he
were commissioned simply to kill six hours a day for five days in the
week. On the other hand I know of nothing that more completely
fills my whole soul with kindling appreciation, and a satisfying sense
of privileged power, than the spectacle of a true teacher in action a
large-hearted, whole-souled, keen-eyed man or woman with energy
and will power oozing from every pore of his corporeal being with
gaze resolutely fixed beyond the drudgery and daily routine of his
office, on the formative, moulding, mind-making functions that are his,
and working with intelligence and determination towards the realiza
tion of his ideal, on each mass of plastic humanity in his art studio.

Such teachers we know have been some, such teachers we hope have
been many, of the ex-students of the Normal School. Well may such
men and women magnify their office, for it is indeed a noble office. It
may be debatable whether it, were better to be a great cobbler or a
little king, but, personally, I would rather be a really great teacher
than anything else beneath the sun. And yet, even a truly great
teacher makes little or no noise in the world. His power, like many of
the most potent forces of nature, works silently and is felt rather
than seen. His influence in the world is exerted indirectly through
the patriots, the statesmen, the heroes, the large-hearted, clear-headed,
right-principled, conscientious men and women whom he has fashioned
and formed. He does not himself aspire to be a Bismarck or a Glad
stone, a Chamberlain or a Herschell, a Newton or a Darwin a Mac-
donald, a Laurier, a Meredith or a Mowat. but he may help to mould
and to develop those who may prove to be the peers of any or all of
these. It is not his to make laws, or to regulate commerce, or to lead
armies, or to control senates, or to rule empires, but it is his to nurture
and to qualify and to train and to influence those by whom laws are
made, and commerce regulated, and armies led, and senates controlled,
and empires ruled. To take the child just entering the Kindergarten
and to mould its chai-acter, and to unfold its powers, and to elevate its
affections, and to ennoble its aims, and to fix its principles, and to stamp
it with the seal of full, glorious, heroic manhood. To soften firmness
into mercy, to chasten honour into Christian fidelity, to exalt generosity
into virtue, and charity into beneficence, and self negation into hero
ism this is the teacher s highest vocation, this is his grandest mis
sion, this is the field in which his noblest and best work is done. God
bless our teachers and put it continually into their hearts to do the
highest work within their reach I

It affords me much pleasure to propose a toast, which I am sure
will, on this occasion, find a response in every heart here.

" The Ex-students of the Toronto Normal School."

A number of ex-students, including Prof. Macoun of the Geologi
cal Survey, Ottawa; Dr. James Russell, of Hamilton ; Dr. Herriman, of
Lindsay ; Mr. B. E. Charlton, of Hamilton ; Dr. Barrick, Inspectors
Dearness and Pearce, and others, responded on behalf of the Alumni in
speeches which rang with enthusiasm for the institution which had
done so much for them.

"The Learned Professions " was proposed by Dr. McPhedran, who
called attention to the great progress which has been made in all the
professions and especially in Medicine during the last fifty years.

The last toast on the list was to the Press. A fitting response
was made bv Mr. W. J. Green.

VII.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

Biographical sketches are here given of the official heads of the
Education Department from the time of its establishment to the pre
sent time, and of their deputies ; also of the members of the present
staffs of the Toronto Normal and Model Schools.

Rev. Egerton Ryerson, D.D., LL.D.
J* J*

Rev. Egerton Ryerson, D.D., LL.D., late Chief Superintendent of
Education for Ontario, was born in the Township of Charlotteville,
near Lake Erie, in 1803. He was educated in his native county and
at Hamilton. He taught school for a short time. On his twenty-
second birthday he was ordained a deacon in the M.E. Church by
Bishop Hedding. On the establishment of the Christian Guardian,
in 1829, he was appointed its joint editor. In 1835 he visited England
to obtain a Royal Charter for Upper Canada Academy, now Victoria
University. In 1844 he was appointed Superintendent of Education for
Upper Canada, " with the understanding that he would re-lay the
entire foundation of the system, and establish it on a wider and more
enduring basis." In 1846 the Legislature passed a new School Act,
and again in 1850 it passed a law admirably adapted to the excellent
municipal system of Canada, so popular in its character and com
prehensive in its provisions and details that it is still, in a consolidated
form, the statute under which the Public Schools of Ontario are main
tained. In 1863 Separate Schools were established. At various times
the Grammar Schools were improved and Meteorological Stations were
established in connection with some of these schools.

Dr. Ryerson visited the schools of Europe and the United States
at various times. In 1857 he made his third educational tour, and at
Antwerp, Brussels, Florence, Rome, Paris and London he procured an
admirable collection of copies of paintings by the old masters, statues,
busts, etc., besides various other articles for an educational museum
in connection with his department.

In consideration of his able services to his country, the University
of Victoria College conferred upon him the degree of LL.D. in 1861.
In 1867 he made a fourth educational tour in England and the United
States, and on his return submitted to the Government two very valu
able reports ; one " on the systems and state of popular education in
the several countries of Europe and the United States of America,
with practical suggestions for the improvement of public instruction

[89]

in Upper Canada"; the other "on institutions for deaf and dumb and
blind in various countries."

For many years, Dr. Ryerson had felt that our new political con
ditions necessitated a change in the management of the Education
Department. He, therefore, in 1869 and 1872, urged upon the
Government the desirability of relieving him of his arduous duties,
and of appointing a Minister of Education in his place. Early in 1876,
his recommendations were acted upon and he retired from the
responsible post which he had so worthily and honorably tilled for
thirty-two years. He died at Toronto on the 19th February, 1882.
He is the author of The Loyalists of America and their Times.

Hon. Adam Crooks, M.A., LL.B.

tc* fc*

The Hon. Adam Crooks, LL.B., late Minister of Education for the
Province of Ontario, was born in the Township of West Flamboro .,
Wentworth, in 1827. He was educated at the Public Schools in his
own neighborhood till his twelfth year, when he entered Upper
Canada College, and in his eighteenth year he matriculated at King s
College now the University of Toronto. He greatly distinguished
himself by the stand he took in Classics and Metaphysics On
graduating he entered upon the study of law and was called to the bar
of Upper Canada in 1851. He soon established a lucrative practice.
In 1852, the degree of M.A. was conferred upon him and in 1863 that
of L L.B. He was elected Vice-chancellor of the University of Toronto
in 1864. He resigned this position in 1872. In 1863 he was created
a Queen s Counsel. In 1871 Mr. Crooks was elected a member of the
Provincial Legislature for West Toronto, and became Attorney-General
in the Blake administration. When Mr. Mowat reconstructed his
Cabinet in October, 1872, Mr. Crooks became Provincial Treasurer
and to his department was added, in 1876, that of Minister of Educa
tion. He resigned the Provincial Treasurership in 1877 and continued
his administration of the Education Department until failing health
compelled him to retire in October, 1883. He died in 1885.

Hon. Geo. W. Ross, LL.D., M.P.P.

t k

The Hon. Geo. W. Ross, LL.D., Minister of Education for the
Province of Ontario, was born near Nairn, Township of East
Williams, Middlesex County, 18th September, 1841. His parents,
James and Ellen (McKinnon) Ross were both natives of Ross-shire,
Scotland. At the early age of sixteen, he commenced his career
as a public school teacher, continuing as such until 1869, when
he entered the Normal School, Toronto. In 1871 he was appointed
Inspector of Public Schools for the County of Lambton, and sub
sequently to the same position for Petrolia and Strathroy. He
took a leading part in the establishment of County Model Schools for
the Province, prepared a syllabus of lectures for their direction, and Jbr
a time acted as their Inspector. From 1876 to 1880 he was a member of
the Central Board of Examiners. He matriculated in law at Albert

University in 1879, where he graduated (LL.B.) in 1883, and in 1886
he received the degree of LL.D.from St. Andrew s University, Scotland.
In 1 887 he was called to the bar, but, owing to his public duties, never
entered actively on the profession of law. He is the author of certain
works that have been extensively read, viz : " The Life and Times of
the Hon. Alex. Mackenzie," (which was written in conjunction with
Mr. Buckingham, Mr. Mackenzie s private secretary), and a report on
the schools of England and Germany, also " Patriotic Recitations " for
Ontario Schools, and a " History of the School System of Ontario."

In politics he has always been a Liberal, and in 1872 was elected
as such to represent West Middlesex in the House of Commons ; was
elected by acclamation in 1874, again re-elected in 1878 and 1882
but the following year (1883) relinquished the seat to accept the
portfolio of Minister of Education in the Ontario Ministry being
elected as M. P. P. for his old constituency the same year, which he
has continuously represented ever since.

As Minister of Education, he has had passed many bills conducive
to the perfection of the educational system, among which are the
consolidated Public Schools Acts, High Schools Act, Separate Schools
Act, and an Act respecting Mechanics Institutes, etc.

He was for some time editor of the Strathroy Age, and the Huron
Expositor, of which he was part owner ; and later, in conjunction with
Mr. McColl, edited the Ontario Teacher, a journal that has been of
great service to the profession. In 188G, he attended (as Hon. Com
missioner) the Colonial and Indian Exhibition, held in London, Eng.

For many years he has been identified with the temperance cause,
and for two years (1879 and 1880) held the high office of Most Worthy
Partriarch, Sons of Temperance Division for British North America.
In religion he is a Presbyterian, and an elder of Old St. Andrew s Church,
Toronto. He is a member of the A.F. and A. M,G.R.C.,and the I.O.O.F.
He is also LL.D., of Toronto University and Victoria University.

John George Hodgins, M.A., LL.D., F.R.G.S.

John George Hodgins, M.A., LL.D., F.R.G.S., was born in Dublin
Ireland, in 1821. He came to Canada in 1833, and received his education
at Upper Canada Academy and at Victoria College, Cobourg. He was
graduated an M.A. in 1856 loy Victoria University. Subsequently, he
took the law course at Toronto University and was graduated
LL.B. in 1860, and LL.D. in 1870. He was called to the bar of Ontario
in 1870.

In 1844, he entered the Education Department as Chief Clerk and
in 1846 became secretary of the Provincial Board of Education, better
known as the Council of Public Instruction. In 1855, he was appointed
Deputy Superintendent of Education, and in 1876 became Deputy
Minister of Education. This office he retained until 1889, w hen he
became Librarian and Historiographer of the Education Department.

Dr. Hodgins was for many years the editor of the Upper Canada
Journal of Education. He was one of the pioneers in school book

literature in Canada. His published works include " Lovell s General
Geography," " First Steps in General Geography," " School History of
Canada and of the other British North American Provinces," " The
Canadian Speaker and Reciter," " School Manual," " Lectures on School
Law," " Sketches and Anecdotes of the Queen," "The School House and
its Architecture," " Dr. Ryerson His Life and Work," "The Document
ary History of Education in Upper Canada," and " The Legislation
and History of Separate Schools in Upper Canada."

Alexander Marling, LL.B.
^ jt

Alexander Marling, LL.B., late Deputy Minister of Education, was
born at Ebley, Gloucestershire, in 1 832. The family came to Canada
in 1842. Alexander was educated at Upper Canada College, and in
1854 he entered the Education Department under Dr. Ryerson. In 1858
he became Chief Clerk, and on the appointment of the Hon. Adam
Crooks as first Minister of Education, he was appointed Secretary of
the Department.

In January, 1890, he became Deputy Minister. He died in April,
1890.

He was entered, after examination, as a law student and member
of the Law Society, but his official duties did not allow his advance to
the bar. He, however, proceeded to the degree of LL.B. in the Univer
sity of Toronto, and was graduated in that degree in 1862. He edited
the Canada Educational Year Book a neat and skilful compilation of
information respecting the educational system and personnel in each
Province of the Dominion.

John Millar, B.A.

t* t*

John Millar, B.A., Deputy Minister of Education, was appointed in
May, 1890 Mr. Millar s early life was spent in the Township of Brock,
County of Ontario, where he received his elementary education, and
began in a rural school the profession of teaching. Afterwards he attend
ed, during the 27th and 28th sessions, the Toronto Normal School, and
was awarded a First Class Grade A Certificate. He taught two years
in the Township of Barton, County of Wentworth, and five years in
one of the graded Public Schools in the City of London. Mr. Millar was
graduated B.A. in 1872 at the University of Toronto, having pursued
most of the required four years course while engaged as a teacher. In
High School work his experience was gained in St. Thomas, 1irst as an
Assistant, and, subsequently by promotion, as Principal. Under his
management, the High School was in a few years raised to the stand
ing of a Collegiate Institute. Mr. Millar was Principal of the Public
Schools of St. Thomas while Principal of the Collegiate Institute. He
was for two years Chairman of the High School Section of the Ontario
Teachers Association, and for four years was a member of the Senate

of the University of Toronto, having been twice elected as one of the
representatives of the High School Teachers, to that body. Mr. Millar
annotated several editions of the English Classics, which were exten
sively used in the High Schools. He is also the author of the "School
Management," authorized for the use of teachers ; " Books : A Guide to
Good Reading" : " The Educational System of the Province of Ontario,"
which was prepared for the World s Fair at Chicago ; and "The School
System of the State of New York." In religion Mr. Millar is a Metho
dist, and has held several important positions in that body, including
that of Representative to the General Conference.

Thomas Kirkland, M.A.

t* t^*

Thomas Kirkland, M.A., Principal of the Toronto Normal School,
is a native of County Armagh, Ireland. He is a graduate of the
Dublin Normal School, of the Albert College of Agriculture, and an
M.A. of Toronto University. Coming to Canada in 1854, he was
appointed assistant master in the Oshawa Central School, and Head
Master in the following year. In 1856-7 he was Head Master of the
Henry Street School in the town of Whitby, and in 1858 he became
Mathematical Master in the Barrie Grammar School, then a large
boarding school under the Rev. William Checkley. In 1863 he was
appointed Head Master of the Whitby Grammar School, which position
he held till 1871, when he was selected by Dr. Ryerson for the new
position of Science Master in the Normal School. This position he
held till 1884, when, on the resignation of Dr, Davies, he was appointed
to the principalship of the Normal School by the present Minister of
Education.

Principal Kirkland is the author of a work on Elementary Statics,
of a work on Elementary Chemistry, and joint author of works on
Arithmetic which have been used as text-books in all the Provinces of
the Dominion.

Wm. Scott, B.A.

Win. Scott, B.A., Vice -Principal of the Toronto Normal School,
was born in the parish of Ashkirk, Roxburghshire, Scotland in 1846.
Hecame with his parents to America in 1853. Hereceived his elementary
education in Bowmanville under the late Mr. Rollo and Dr. Kelly, now
Inspector for Brant County. He began to teach in 1S62 in the County
of Durham. He attended the Toronto Normal School during the thirty-
ninth and fortieth sessions in 1868 and was awarded a first-class
grade A certificate. He was private tutor in the late Sir David Mac-
pherson s family for eleven months. He was appointed second assistant
in the Boys Model School in October, 1869 ; became first assistant in
August, 1871, and Head Master in May, 1874. Mr. Scott was graduated
B.A. in 1876 in the University of Toronto and was appointed Mathe
matical Master of the Ottawa Normal School in September, 1882, and

in 1889, he became Mathematical and Science Master of that institution.
In January, 1894, he was transferred to the Toronto Normal School.
He is the joint author of the Canadian edition of H. Smith s Arith
metic and of Kirkland and Scott s Elementary Arithmetic.

Angus Mclntosh.
jt J*

Angus Mclntosh, Head Master of the Boys Model School, received
his early education at the village school at Branchtou and at Gait
Grammar School, then under Dr. Tassie. He attended the Toronto
Normal School, during the forty-second session, 1869, and afterwards
in 1876-7, in all about two years, taking the professional and non-
professional work concurrently. He obtained a second class B certifi
cate in 1869 ; a second A, in 1874 ; a first B, in 1877 ; and a first A, a
High School Specialist s (in English) and an Inspector s certificate, in
1886. He taught three years in a country school, Waterloo County,
one year in the village school at Branchton, two and a half years in
Gait Central School, seven years in Brantford Collegiate Institute and
thirteen years in the Provincial Model School, Toronto ; during ten
and a half years of this latter period, he has been Head Master of the
Boys department. He has been a member of the Brant County Board
of Examiners for the last sixteen years, and for two years he was a
member of the Revising Board of Examiners for the School of Peda
gogy. His work, during the last thirteen years, has been intimately
connected with the practice-teaching of students, attending the Toronto
Normal School.

Margaret T. Scott.

Miss Margaret T. Scott, Head Mistress of the Girls Model School,
was educated at the Public and High Schools of Dundas, Ont. She
taught in the Township of Pickering ; then she removed to Strathroy
to teach the third form of the Public School. Subsequently she w r as
appointed to teach the English subjects in the Institute for the Blind
at Brantford. She resigned this position for one in the Presbyterian
Ladies College, Ottawa ; this position she resigned to accept her
present one in 1884.

Robert W. Murray.

R. W. Murray, first assistant master in the Boys Model School, Tor
onto, was born in the County of Huron. His Public School training was
obtained in S.S. No. 1, Tuckersmith. In 1873 he entered the Toronto
Normal School and obtained a third class certificate in July and a
second A in December. For the next five years he taught in the
Public Schools of Huron and Perth. He attended the Brantford
Collegiate Institute and obtained a first class certificate in 1880, and,

during the latter half of this year, he was on the staff of the Gait
Collegiate Institute. He was Principal of the Picton Model School
from 1881 to 1885, and of -the Public Schools of Brockville in 1886.
In 1884, he obtained a first B ; in 1885, an Art School certificate :
in 1886, first A, High School Specialist s (in English), and Public
School Inspector s certificates. In 1887 he was appointed to his piv
position on the staff of the Model School.

May K. Caulfeild.

Miss May K. Caulfeild, firsl assistant in the Girls Model School,
is of Irish parentage. Her education was received at home under the
direction of her mother, at Vienna High School and at St. Thomas
Collegiate Institute. She attended the Toronto Normal School in
1885 and obtained a first-class certificate in 1886. She was appointed
to the Model School Staff in 1887.

Thomas M. Porter.
j* J*

Thomas M. Porter, second assistant master in the Boys Model
School, is a native of Peterborough County, Ont. He received his
non-professional training at the Bailieboro Public School, the Bow-
manville High School, and the Gait Collegiate Institute ; and his pro
fessional training at the Port Hope Model School and the Toronto
Normal School. He was Principal of the Bensfort Public School for
two years ; of the Simcoe Model School for one term ; and of the
Athens Model School for three years and a half. In September, 1888,
he was appointed to his present position on the staff .

Mary Matilda Aloysius Meehan.

Miss Mary Matilda Aloysius Meehan, second assistant in the Girls
Model School, received her non-professional education in Loretto Con
vent, in the Provincial Model School and in the Toronto Normal
School, and her professional training in the Toronto Normal School,
while the professional and non-professional courses were taken con
currently. She was appointed to her present position in January,
1883.

Jeannie Wood.

fc$* &lt;&

Miss Jeannie Wood, third assistant in the Boys Model School,
received her non- professional education in the Hamilton Collegiate
Institute, and her professional training in the Hamilton Model School
and in the Toronto Normal School. For some years after graduating

from the latter she was teacher of Mathematics and English in the
Ontario Ladies College, Whitby , and since October, 1 889, she has been
third assistant in the Boys Model School.-

Alice Stuart.
j* &lt;

Miss Alice Stuart, third assistant in the Girls Model School,
received her non-professional education in the Public Schools and
Collegiate Institute of Woodstock and her professional training in the
Woodstock Model School and in the Toronto Normal School. She
was appointed to her present position on the Provincial Model School
staff at Toronto, in September, 1890.

Hattie B. Mills, B.A.

t* {^*

Miss Hattie B. Mills, B.A., fourth assistant in the Boys Model
School, received her collegiate education at Hamilton Collegiate
Institute, under the principalship of the late Charles Robertson, M.A.
Obtaining a first-class non-professional certificate in 1891, she passed to
the Wentworth County Model School, where she spent a year in training
for primary work under the direction of S. B. Sinclair, MA. She taught
for two years in the Public Schools of Hamilton, and obtained during
tjhat time a Specialist s standing in French and German, and third year
standing in Modern Languages and Philosophy in Toronto University.
In the fall of 1894, she attended the Toronto Normal School (winning
the gold medal for general proficiency) and taking the examination
of the School of Pedagogy at Christmas, 1894, obtained a High
School Specialist s certificate in French and German and first class
professional certificate as Public School teacher. After teaching
for a year in the Public Schools of Toronto and Hamilton, she
completed her third year in May, 1896, at Toronto University. In
September, 1896, she was appointed to her present position in the
Provincial Model School, completing her Arts course in May, 1897, and
obtaining the degree of B.A. in the departments of Modern Languages
and Philosophy. In December, 1897, she passed the professional
examination for Specialists in English and History at the Ontario
Normal College.

Sara Ross.
j* jt

Miss Sara Ross, fourth assistant in the Girls Model School,
received her non-professional education in the Public Schools of St.
Mary s and Petrolia, and in the Collegiate Institutes of St. Mary s and
Strathroy. Her professional training was received in the Sarnia
Model School, the Toronto Normal School and the School of Pedagogy.
She taught in the Public Schools of Lambton, Middlesex and York.
She was appointed to the Toronto Model School staff in 1892.

Eugene Albert Masson.

Monsieur Eugene Albert Masson, teacher of French in the Model
Schools, was born at Paris, France, educated in a Jesuit College, and
then served in the French army for one year. After engaging in
his father s business for several years, he went to New York in 1839,
where he entered the Berlitz School of Languages (Madison Square).
In 1891, he came to Canada and entered the Ingres and Coutellier
School of Languages as teacher of French. In 1895, he was appointed
instructor in French at Victoria University, at the Model Schools and
at Miss Veal s School for Young Ladies.

Alexander Clark Casselman.

Alexander Clark Casselman, Drawing and Writing Master of Toron
to Normal School, was born in Stormont County on June 26th 1860. He
obtained a second A certificate in 1880, a tirst C in 1885, Science
Specialist s and Public School Inspector s certificates in 1897. His
education was received at the Public School in Finch Township ;
and at Williamstown High School, one year: Morrisburg High
School, nine months ; St. Catharines Collegiate Institute, six months ;
Toronto University, two years ; and at Stormont County Model
School and Ottawa Normal School. He taught a Public School
for six years and was Science Master of Iroquois High School for six
years. In 1892 he was appointed to his present position.

Sydney H. Preston.

Sydney H. Preston was appointed Music Master of the Normal
and Model Schools in 1882. He was born at Ottawa, and he
began the practice of his profession in Perth, Ontario. He has held
responsible positions in Toronto as organist and conductor, and as
teacher of vocal and instrumental music ; but of late years has relin
quished outside work in order to devote himself exclusively to the
duties of his present position.

Thomas Parr.

e^* ^*

Staff- Sergeant Thomas Parr, instructor in drill and calisthenics at
the Normal and Model Schools, was born in London, England, in 1841,
and enlisted in the Seventh Hussars, in 1858. He served in Bengal,
India, from 1859 until 1870, and received a medal for long service and
good conduct. He was one of the promoters of the famous " Musical
Hide," under H. R. H. Prince Arthur, in Norwich, England, 1875-6.
He came to Canada in 1879 and was engaged as drill master in Upper

Canada College until 1884, when be was transferred to his present
position. At one time, Sergeant Parr was Fencing Master and Drill
Instructor for the Seventh Queen s Own Hussars, and during a consid
erable portion of the time the School of Pedagogy was located at To
ronto, he gave instruction to the students in Drill.

Wilhelmina MacKenzie.

Miss Wilhelmina MacKenzie, teacher of Physical Culture in the
Normal and Model Schools, was born in Kincardine, and educated at
the Model and High Schools there. She came to Toronto in 1892 to
attend the Conservatory School of Elocution and Physical Culture.
She was graduated from this institution in 1894, and taught at Havergal
Ladies College for two years. She then went to New York to attend
the " New York School of Expression." She took the full course there
in physical culture and elocution and graduated in 1 896. She was
appointed to her present position in 1897.

Louisa H. Montizambert.

Miss Lousia H. Montizambert, teacher of Scientific Sewing in the
Normal and Model Schools and only daughter of Edward L. Montiz
ambert, late law officer of the Senate, Ottawa, was born in Quebec.
She received her education at Private Schools in that city. She studied
scientific sewing at the Pratt Institute, Brooklyn. She was appointed
to her present position in August 1897, being the first to teach this
subject in the Toronto Normal and Model Schools.

Kate H. Mitchell.

t^* ^*

Mrs. Kate H. Mitchell (nee Miss Kate Long), teacher of Domestic
Science in the Normal School, was born at Brantford in 1859.
She was educated in the Public Schools and Collegiate Institute of
that city. She obtained a third and a second class certificate, and
after teaching for a number of years in Brant County and in
Brantford, she took the course in "Domestic Science" at Philadelphia in
1895-6. She obtained a first-class certificate and she has been engaged
in giving instruction in this department in the following institutions :
" The Fred. Victor Mission," the Y. W. C. A., St. Margaret s College,
Mrs. Neville s and Miss Veal s Ladies Schools, Grace Hospital and the
Provincial Normal School.

Mary E. Macintyre.

Miss Mary E. Macintyre, Directress of the Kindergarten department,
received her non-professional education at the Strathroy Collegiate
Institute and her professional training at the West Middlesex County

Model School and the Toronto Normal School. After spending one
year as assistant in the Kindergarten department of the above school,
she took charge of that department in the State Normal School at
Winona, Minnesota, and returned at the end of the year to occupy
her present position.

Ellen Cody.
jt j*

Miss Ellen Cody, assistant in the Toronto Normal Kindergarten,
was educated at Newmarket High School and at the Toronto School
of Art. She received .her professional training at the Newmarket
Model School and at the Toronto Normal School, after which she was
made permanent assistant in the Kindergarten department.

VIII.

NAMES OF STUDENTS.

The names of all successful students of the Toronto Normal School,
who attended between November, 1847 and December, 1875, together
with biographical notes on all of those about whom it was possible
to receive information, are given below. The committee found very
great difficulty in obtaining exact information, regarding many
of the persons here named in the lists for the different sessions,
partly on account of the lapse of time and partly owing to the fact
that many of them have removed to distant parts of the continent
and could not be traced. However, the greatest care has been
taken in examining the official registers and in verifying all accounts
sent in by inspectors and others who interested themselves in the
matter ; it is therefore hoped that the notes and name lists will be
found correct as far as they go.

FIRST SESSION.

(November, 1847 April, 1848.)

Ardiel, Isaac : Taught school for one year in the Gore of London ; studied Law in

London ; died at Racine, Wis., U.S.A., in 1854.
Bell, Robert, Whitby : Taught for a short time in the Model School.
Burr, James, Toronto ; Burr, Rufus, Hamilton.

Carruthers, James : Taught subsequently in Toronto ; died about 1853.
Chapman, Isaac : Died at Thornhill.
Clark, Alexander, Toronto ; Cook, Gilbert W., Crowland ; Cooper, Thomas,

Crowland.
Crane, Isaac : Taught seven years ; entered the Wesleyan Methodist ministry and

remained in it till 1888 ; resides at Drayton.
Dewart, Edward Hartley, D. D. : Taught several years; entered the Methodist

ministry in 1851 ; was ordained in 1855 ; was editor of the Christian Guardian

from 1869 to 1895 ; has filled many prominent positions in the Methodist

Church ; is a distinguished author ; resides in Toronto.
Foster, E., Oakland, Brant.
George, David : Taught for some time in Toronto, where he afterwards kept a

store ; now deceased.

[100]

101

Heasty, John, Markham ; Heslop, Thomas R., Pickering.

Kennedy, John : Taught school in Western Ontario for several years ; died at
Hastings, Minn., U.S.A.

Kennedy, Michael, Toronto.

Lindsey, James, York ; Lindsey, William, York ; Lyttle, James, York.

McCallum, Archibald : Was, on leaving the Normal School, appointed Principal of
the Provincial Model School ; in 1858 became Principal of the Hamilton
Central School, and in 1874 Public School Inspector of that city ; took, in the
University of Toronto, the degree of B.A. in 1864, and that of LL. B. in
1877 ; died in 1879.

McFarren, Andrew : Taught two years, one in Toronto, one in Scarboro ; has
been in business in Toronto for forty-seven years.

McKinnon, John : Became a physician ; now deceased.

McMillan, Duncan, Bowmanville.

MacRae, William : Went to Chicago, 111., U.S.A., where he died a few years ago.

McVittie, George, Toronto.

Meston. Wm., Toronto.

Middleton, Thomas, Monaghan : Long deceased.

O Donoghue, Patrick, Toronto ; Outhred, Richard, Toronto.

Palmer, James, Oxford.

Parsons, Robert : Taught six years in Ontario; is now a retired Congregational
minister in the State of Michigan.

Raymond, Michael L. S. : Taught for some years in Wisconsin ; returned to Canada
in 1853 ; taught a few months in Moulinette, and died in 1855.

Richards, Henry : Taught near Thornhill till 1852 ; was toll-gate keeper from 1852

till his death in 1889.

Richardson, G. F., Niagara ; Roddick, James, Edwardsburg.
Rolston, William : Taught two or three years in Trafalgar and many years in the

Hamilton Public Schools ; resigned on account of failing health, and kept a

private school ; died some years ago.
Sangster, John Herbert, M.A., M.D. : On leaving the Normal School became

Assistant Master in the Provincial Model School, Toronto ; was Principal of the

Hamilton Central School for several years ; became Mathematical and Science

Master in the Normal School in 1858, and Principal in 1866 ; resigned in 1871,

and has ever since practised Medicine at Port Perry.
Scott, Alexander, Athol, Prince Edward.
Scovell, Hiram : Became a merchant ; died about 1875.
Sells, William, Elgin.

Sharon, Thomas S. : Taught for some years ; was accidently killed.
Stewart, Peter : Practised Medicine at Detroit, U.S.A.; died in 1882.
Talty, Hugh, Toronto ; Thomson, Jesse, York.

Topping, Timothy : Taught eight years in Oxford County schools ; became a

farmer ; died in 1879.
Trew, Samuel, Toronto ; Trotter, John, Emily.

Watson, William : Became Superintendent of Schools for part of York County ;

died at Weston some years ago.
Webb, John Henry, Toronto.
Weir, William : Resides on a farm near Peterboro .

Wilson, Robert : Taught in London, and subsequently became a merchant there ;
died in 1854.

Woods, Benjamin, Durham.

102

SECOND SESSION.

(May, 1848 November, 1848.)

Anderson, Mary Anne, Toronto.

Bigham, Robert, Reach ; Blush, Rodolphus, Rainham.

Brown, Rachel Catherine, Stamford, Welland : Long deceased.

Byam, Jesse F. : Taught six or seven years in Welland, Lincoln and Hastings ;
spent some time in Australia ; took part in the American Civil War ; engaged
in business in Peel County from 186(5 to 1881 ; is still living in Toronto.

Byams, John H., Crowland.

Cairnduff, Henry W. : Marysburgh.

Cameron, John : Taught for a time in Peterboro County between Douro and
Asphodel.

Campbell John, Puslinch ; Cawthorne, JohnB., Oxford ; Clark, Jannet, Welland ;
Clyde, David, Addington.

Copp, Elizabeth : Taught till 1851 a private school in Toronto ; married in 1862
Mr. Gilbert of Ottawa ; died in 1866.

Corbett, Jane (Mrs.), Toronto.

Corwiri, Elizabeth : Taught for a time ; married Mr. Wilson ; long since dead.

Dingman, Garrit : Taught five years, entered the Methodist ministry, and
remained in it for forty-four years ; is now superannuated.

Evans, George W., North Gwillimbury : Deceased.

Ferguson, Thomas A., Yespra.

Foster, Daniel R.: Taught at Oakland, Boston and Waterford ; became a mer
chant ; now a private banker in Waterford.

Grace, James : Taught for some time, went into agriculture and horticulture near
Brantford ; has filled many municipal and other local offices ; lives in Brant-
ford, where he acts as insurance agent ; is a Justice of the Peace.

Grant, John, M. D. : Now a prominent physician in Napanee.

Haigh, Mary E. : Taught in the Central School, London ; died within a few months
after she began work there.

Hawkins, James : Taught in Pickering before attending the Normal School, and
afterwards at different places in York County for fourteen years ; farmed near
Markham till 1885 ; died in Scarboro in 1893.

Hawkins, Mary Anne, Toronto.

Hoit, Daniel Young : Taught in London East until 1881 ; went to the United

States.

Hughes, Mary, Toronto ; Hunter, William, Ontario.

Kingsmill, Elizabeth, Peel.

McCaffry, John, Toronto ; McClelland, Alexander, Toronto ; McClelland, James

T., York.
McDiarmid, Peter : Taught for two years in Prescott County ; emigrated to

Minnesota, U.S.A., where he filled for many years different public offices,

including membership in the State Legislature ; now lives in Washington State.
McElroy, Anne J. : Taught one year in Smithville and one in London ; married

in 1851 Robert Reid who has been for twenty years Collector of Customs in

that city ; still lives there.
McGuin, John B. : Taught the Newburgh Academy ; became Clerk of the County

Court of Lennox and Addington ; died in 1886.

McKinnon, Alexander : Subsequently on the editorial staff of the Hamilton Times.
McLean, Anna, Toronto.

Malcolm, Sherman : Taught four years, and then took up the work of land sur
veying, which he has practised almost ever since ; lives at Blenheim.
Milne, Thomas : Became a veterinary surgeon, and practised at Ingersoll.
Moore, Hiram A., Woodhouse.

103

Morrison. Anne M. : Married Mr. James Cummings ; resides in Hamilton.

Mosley, Robert, Whifcchurch, York : Deceased.

Moss, M. Minerva, Stoimont.

Niven, Isabella, Lincoln.

O Halloran, Michael, Toronto ; Orr, Elizabeth, Toronto.

Pennington, Richard, Scarboro , York : Deceased.

Plant, William, Prescott.

Robinson, Robert : Taught in Stamford ; now deceased.

Rogerson, John, Bowmanville.

Rose, George : Taught four years in Dundas County, and the remainder of his
period of thirty-seven years of work in the County of York, part of the time
as Mathematical Master in the Newmarket High School ; still resides in New
market.

Ruby, Adam J. : Taught for some years in New Hamburg, Berlin, and Zurich ;
abandoned teaching for farming ; now engaged in the business of insurance in
Berlin.

Simpson, William, Hillier, Prince Edward : Deceased.

Sinclair, Archibald C. : Taught till 1855 in Glengarry ; studied Medicine in McGill

University, and practised nearly thirty years at Port Elgin, in the County of

Bruce, filling most of the time the office of Coroner ; is now practising at

Rossland, British Columbia.
Somerville, Robert, Simcoe ; Stewart, Alexander, Hamilton ; Stewart, John,

Hamilton.

Taaffe, John : Taught in the London Central School from 1853 till his death in 1861.
Tait, Francis A., Middlesex; Taylor, John, Uxbridge ; Thiese, Andrew, Waterloo ;

Townsend, William, Hamilton ; Triller, Arthur L., London.
Turner, Alfred : Died a few years ago in Toronto.
Wickson, Samuel : Spent some years in the service of Hugh Scobie, a well

known pioneer publisher in Toronto ; entered the legal profession, and is still

in active practice in Toronto.

THIRD SESSION.

(November, 1848-May, 1849.)

Armstrong, Anne, Ontario ; Armstrong, Mary Anne, Peel.

Beaty, William : Taught at Boyne, and afterwards went to farm in Musk oka
District.

Boaslaugh, Hervey M., Lincoln; Buckland, Samuel P., Tecumseh.

Burgar, Catharine : Married Mr. Wright ; since deceased.

Campbell, Archibald, Elgin ; Campbell, William, Elgin ; Carson, James, Toronto.

Dean, Harriet : Now Mrs. George Gooderham, Toronto.

Diamond, Abraham : Taught in the Belleville Grammar School ; practised Law and
served as Police Magistrate in Belleville ; died there ten years ago. 4

Diamond, Irvine : Taught several years ; has been a member and chairman of the
Belleville School, Board ; is now an insurance agent in that city.

Donnelly, Elizabeth, Kingston.

Elliott, John, Peel.

Fletcher, William : Ent ered the ministry, died in Nebraska, U.S.A., some years ago.

Foster, Jane : Taught fourteen years ; now Mrs. Jane Williams, a widow resid
ing near Hewitt P. O.

Futhy, Robert : Taught until superannuated ; died about nine years ago ; resided
near Feversham, in Grey County.

Haley, Amy M. : Taught some years ; married Mr. James Bradburn of Markham ;
resided more recently near Tilsonburg, where she died a few years ago.

Hamilton, Robert W., Whitby ; Hellems, Martha E., Crow! and.

104

Henry, George : Became a wealthy lumberman ; endowed schools in the Township

of King ; deceased.
Hinchy, John, Toronto; Humphreys, James, Manvers ; Huttan, William L.,

Toronto.

Kennedy, Mary Anne, Whitchurch ; Kimball, James M., Nelson, Halton.
Lakeman, Margaret, Blandford, Oxford ; Lewis, James, Hamilton ; Lynch,

Francis, Peel.

McCausland, John, Toronto.
McClelland, Robert : Taught in St. Catharines until the time of his death, which

occurred about sixteen years ago.
Macdonell, Donald, Lochiel ; McDougall, Joseph, Toronto ; McFarlane, Duncan,

Ontario ; Mclntosh, Mary, E. Zorra.
McNab, Finlay : Became a Baptist minister., and afterwards taught High School

in Picton, Carleton Place and Arnprior ; is now insurance agent at Arnprior.
Maguire, Sarah A., Blandford.

Miller, George : Taught till 1855 ; entered the Methodist ministry ; resumed
teaching from 1860 to 1867 ; continued in the active work of the ministry
from that time until superannuation in 1895 ; still living in Woodstock.
Miller, Henry, Markham ; Milne, Elizabeth G., Oxford ; Moffat, Alexander M.,

Elizabethtown.

Murray, John : Went to a Commercial College in Buffalo, U.S.A. ; spent some years
in railroad work at Thorold ; subsequently taught in Commercial Colleges in
Terrebonne and Montreal till his death a number of years ago in the latter city
Nash, Alfred, Hallowell, Prince Edward ; Nixon, Robert, Hamilton, Northumber
land.

Orfuiie, Samuel, Toronto.
Pinnock, James T., Augusta.

Powlass, Isaac : An Indian from the Grand River Reserve ; now deceased.
Price, James, Chinguacousy.

Reid, John N. : Became a successful medical practitioner at Thornhill ; was
appointed a member of the teaching faculty of Rolph s Medical School, Toronto,
in 1857, and continued teaching in it till its dissolution in 1870 ; died not
long afterward.
Robinson, Thomas, Smith.

Salt, Allen : An Ojibway Indian ; received his early education at Grape Island in
Rice Lake and at Old Credit ; taught at the Alderville Mission School both
before and after attending the Normal School ; while teaching the Indian Mis
sion School at St. Clair lie entered the ministry of the Methodist Church in
1853 ; has served as a missionary among the Indians of Rainy Lake, Garden
River, Christian Island, St. Clair, Muncey, and Parry Island ; at the latter
place he has resided for the past fifteen years.
Smith, John, Toronto ; Smyth, Thomas H., Halton ; Sovereign, Jeremiah W., S.

Dumfries ; Steele, Mary, Humberstone.
Thompson, Elizabeth : Erin, deceased
Thornber, Alice, Georgina ; Towler, M. A., Toronto.

Watson, Thomas : Taught at Allanburgh, Lundy s Lane, Stamford, and Port

Hope, till 1881, in the last named place for thirty years ; he still resides there.

Weldon, Alexander : Taught many years in Elgin County until his health failed ;

long deceased.

Willcock, Abel, Peel ; Williams, Maria Louisa, Toronto.

Wilson, Nicholas : Has taught for fifty years in the City of London, nineteen years
in the Public Schools and thirty-one in the High School, of which he is still one
of the assistant masters. In January, 1897, the jubilee of his entrance on his
work in London was appropriately celebrated.

Winters, Judson : Taught several years; is now living at Lacroix, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Winters, William C. : Died in Australia about 1850.

105
FOURTH SESSION.

(May, 1849- November, 1849.)

Armstrong, Andrew : Became a clergyman ; now deceased.

Barber, Sarah, Yonge, Leeds ; Baxter, Thomas, Toronto ; Beatty, Edmund,

Cobourg.
Bigger, Marsina : Has spent most of his life in business at Niagara Falls South,

where he has been very successful.

Bogue, Henry, Toronto ; Bristol, Bernice, York ; Brooke, C. R., Toronto.
Butchart, John, Wellington : Deceased.
Callinan, James, Toronto.

Clarry, William : Taught for some time and then turned to farming ; died in
Markham.

Coulter, Thomas : Taught two or three years ; went to British Columbia in 1862 ;
on his return went into business, and spent the latter part of his life as an
officer of the municipality of Almonte ; died in 1883.

Cox, Mary Anne E., Montreal ; Cox, Caroline, Montreal.

Coyne, Samuel, Toronto : Deceased.

Davis, Harvey J., York.

Davy, Nelson M., Richmond, Lennox: Deceased.

Dawson, Rebecca, York.

Day, James E. : Became secretary of the Hamilton Water Works Board ; moved to
Toronto to become a partner with Bryant & Stratton in one of their commer
cial colleges ; afterwards established one of his own, and conducted it for many
years till his death in 1890.

Drury, Mary S., Simcoe.

Ferguson, Thomas A., Rama, Ontario.

Finch, Jeremiah : A physician at Hastings, Minn., U. S. A.

Freeman, George, Cramahe, Northumberland.

Graham, Robert, London.

Haley, Augusta Anne : Now Mrs. Jeffrey, of London.

Haley, Phebe C. : Went to San Francisco, California, over thirty-five years ago.

Holt, Samuel N. : Practised Law ; retired to a farm near Port Rowan, on which he
resides.

Jones, John, Prince Edward.

Kelly, Bridget : Entered St. Joseph s convent in 1858, died in 1865.

Kent, Douglas G., Brantford.

Keown, Mary J. : Began to teach in the Public Schools of Toronto in 1852, and

continues to do so to the present time.
Keys, Thomas : Taught for many years in Grantham Township ; turned to farming,

and was appointed Treasurer of the County of Lincoln ; died three years ago

in St. Catharines, where he resided.
Lacey, Walter P., Peel ; Laing, Adam, Flamboro , Wentworth.

Loscombe, R. R. : A distinguished barrister residing in Bowmanville ; lias been
Mayor several years.

McBeath, John, Simcoe ; McEwen, William, Bathurst, Lanark; McFadden, Moses
M., South Gower, Carleton ; McLean, John, Vatighan.

McLellaii, James A. : Taught public school for some time in St. Mary s, Ontario,
and afterwards the Yarmouth Academy in Nova Scotia ; graduated M.A. in
1863 and LL.D. in 1873 in the University of Toronto ; filled for some years the
position of High School Inspector ; has been since January, 189], Principal of
the Ontario Normal College ; has written several psychological and pedagogical
works.

100

McMullan, William, Ernestown.

Merigold, Robert : Taught for some time; turned to farming; now deceased.

Martin, Elizabeth, Toronto.

Moore, William : Engaged in milling business in Meaford.

Nash, Thomas W. : Has been for many years a resident of Kingston, where he is
Secietary-treasurerand chief engineer of the Kingston and Pembroke Railway.

Nixon, Thomas : Taught the Newmarket School until appointed Superintendent of
North York ; resigned this office to go into mercantile and manufacturing busi
ness in Newmarket, Clarksburg and Toronto ; was from 1874 to 1878 an officer
of the Dominion Government in Manitoba and the North West Territory ; has
been since 1881 right-of-way agent on the WesDern Division of the Canadian
Pacific Railway ; resides in Winnipeg.

Patterson, Patrick, Grantham, Lincoln.

Peters, Nicholas : Taught for a few years and then turned to farming.

Ross, Andrew : Was a Township Superintendent before that office was abolished in
1871; went into the oil business in London, East; died there about 1880.

Ross, John, Oxford.

Scarlett, Edward: Taught for some time; was Inspector of Schools in Northumber
land for forty-one years ; died in 1895.

Scully, Thomas, Ottawa.

Thompson, James, Hillier, Prince Edward.

Wharin, Mary : Taught in London till her death, which took place within a few

months after she began work there.
Wilson, Esther, Hamilton; Winters, A. J., Grimsby, Lincoln; Woods, Jas.,

Cramahe, Northumberland.
Young, David, Woolwich, Waterloo.

FIFTH SESSION,

(November, 1849 May, 1850.^

Baikie, James, Trafalgar ; Ballard, Margaret, Whitby ; Bavis, Mrs. Eiiza, Dar
lington ; Bell, Elizabeth, Amherstburgh ; Black, Alexander, Hamilton ;
Blanchard, M. D., Elizabethtown.

Brown, James Coyle : Taught in public schools in rural districts, and in centres of
population from village up to city ; was appointed in 1871 to the inspectorate of
Peterboro , which he still holds.

Brown, Henry W. : Taught a number of years ; now deceased.

Cameron, Jessie, London.

Campbell, Clarissa Emily : Now a widow, residing with her son near Denver, Col.,
U.S.A.

Campbell, Reuben, Montague ; Chadwick, Jane S., Woodhouse.

Clark, Mrs. Dorcas : Was appointed the first Head Mistress of the Girls department
of the Provincial Model School, resigned that position in 1865 and went to
California ; in 1867 became associate principal of the Baptist College at
Petaluma ; became in 1868 teacher of History and Mathematics in the State
Normal School at San Jose ; was Vice-principal of the San Francisco Girl s
High School from 1874 to 1888, when she retired trom professional work after
fifty-five years of almost continuous service ; still resides in San Francisco.

Coleman, Anne W., Blanshard, Perth ; Collins, Mary Ann, Markham, York.

Curry, Reuben C.: Taught nearly five years in Prince Edward; entered the
medical profession, and has practised since 1857 in Picton, Port Hope, Guelph
and Toronto ; in the last named place he has resided for twelve years.

Davison, Eleanor, Ontario ; Dean, Andrew, Brock, Ontario.

Dickson, Robert : Taught nearly seventeen years, and was superannuated on account
of infirmity ; still resides at Hubrey, Middlesex County.

107

Dundas, Anne Jane : Married Mr. Flint ; died twenty-four years ago.

Endecott, Nancy, Whitchurch, York.

Farquharson, Robert, Reach, Ontario ; Fisher, Andrew, Nelson, Halton.

Freed, Selina H.: Taught in Binbrook, Grimsby and Copetown; married Mr.
Elliott ; deceased.

Gamble, Ann, Ontario.

Gray, J. B. : Taught two years in Port Dalhousie, sixteen as first assistant in the
Hamilton Central School, two as Principal of the Gait Central School, and six
as Principal of the St. Catharines Central School; after six years of supervisory
work in that city he was appointed Inspector for Lincoln, which office he has
held for twelve years.

Hall, Thomas, B.A.: First Principal of the Port Rowan High School; now
teaching in California.

Herriman, W.L. : Taught for a few years and then entered the medical profession,
practising at Orono, Port Hope and Lindsay ; in the last named town he has
lived for sixteen years, giving, however, a good deal of his time and attention
to agriculture, especially in connection with a settlement which he has founded
at Honora Bay, on Manitoulin Island; is an enthusiast on the subject of
agricultural education.

Hewlett, John: Drowned about thirty years ago in Georgian Bay near Meaford.

Hoover, Eleanor, Grantham , Lincoln ; Hull, Richard, Ontario.

Jamieaon, Thomas, Vaughan, York, deceased.

Kee, David, Vaughan, York.

Kilborne, Ira B. : Entered the ministry: Deceased.

L ester, Alexander : Entered the Methodist ministry ; died some years ago.

Livingston, Mary A., London ; Livingston, Sarah Jane, London ; Lynch, Philip,
Toronto.

McCausland, Robert : Taught many years in Toronto ; superannuated in 1884.

McDonald, Alexander, Toronto.

Mclntyre, D. : Practised Medicine ; died at Strathroy in 1865.

McKay, George, West Zorra, Oxford ; McRay, James, West Zorra, Oxford ; Mc
Lennan, John, Charlotteville, Norfolk ; McNab, Michael, Toronto ; McQuade,
Michael, Goderich.

Meredith, William, Bathurst, Lanark.

Meredith, William H. : Taught for twenty-five years, for the most part in the
County of York , afterwards filled positions as book-keeper in Toronto ; died
in 1894.

Mowatt, George : Became Superintendent of schools in North Hastings ; died many
years ago.

Oakley, Francis : Entered the medical profession ; practised in Oakville and after
wards in Toronto, where he still resides.

O Grady, John F., Toronto.

O Donnell, Margaret : Taught fourteen years in Norfolk County ; married Mr. John
McMahon of Elora in 1872 ; died in 1891.

Pastill, N., Wentworth.

Pease, Hannah : Married ; resides at Thornbury.

Pew, Robert, Welland.

Richmond, Sarah : Did not teach ; married Mr. Benjamin Willmott in 1851.

Rogers, W. D., Ontario.

Sinclair, Duncan : Taught four years in Kent ; engaged in business till 1864 ;
resumed teaching in Chatham, and continued it till his death in 1878.

Smith, David : Taught in the Township of Moulton.

Spong, George, Etobicoke, York.

103

Stewart, Duncan : Taught for some time ; went into railroad business ; now lives

in St. Paul, Minn., U.S.A.
Stoddard, Lucy : Died at Spencerville in 1857.
Thompson, Martha : Married Mr. Levi Goodwillie ; deceased.
Th &gt;mpson, Jane, Niagara, Lincoln.
Tobias, Fanny R. : Taught at Drummondville.
Trenholm, William, Augusta, Grenville : Deceased.
Walker, John, Waterloo.

Walker, John G. : Never taught; died in England many years ago.
Warwick, Frederick : Still living at St. Paul, Minn., U.S.A.
Weed, Amelia A. , Toronto ; Wells, George, Beauharnois, Quebec.
Williams, Walter S. : Taught a short time ; studied Law ; lived formerly in Napa-

nee, but resides now in California.
Willson, Henry, N. Gwillimbury, York.
Wilson, J ohn H . : Taught five years, graduated in Medicine in Victoria University and

in the University of New York ; was a member of Victoria teaching faculty for

two years ; has since practised Medicine in St. Thomas where he still resides ;

he was for eight years a member of the Ontario Legislative Assembly and eight

years a member of the Canadian House of Commons.
Wright, Eliza, Ontario.

SIXTH SESSION.

(September, 1850 May, 1851.)

Bailey, Elizabeth Jane, Wentworth.

Bethell, Fanny : Taught in London ; married Mr. David T. Ware.
Bond, William, Toronto.

Campbell, Catherine, Halton ; Carey, William, Toronto.

Caulton, William : Taught a few years, then entered the medical profession ; died
in 1894.

Conger, Peter D., Prince Edward.

Corbin, Taniar Jane : Taught a few years ; married ; died in 1894.

Cowan, John : Studied for the ministry of the Methodist Church.

Crewson, William, Waterloo.

Gamble, Aaron, York.

Gillies, Daniel : Taught school for eleven years ; became a farmer, and was for
some years Reeve of East Williams, Middlesex Co. ; died in 1893.

Hammond, James, Lanark.

Harrison, Edmund B. : Taught till 1864 in and near Ridgetown, Kent ; became
local Superintendent of Schools for the county in 1871 ; was continued in the
same office for East Kent when the county was divided in 1877 ; retired in
1885 to his farm near Ridgetown where he now resides ; was offered the head-
mastership of the Provincial Model School in 1858, but declined it.

Hayward, Edward, Northumberland; Hiams, D. McD., York ; Heffernan, Eliza
beth, Toronto.

Herman, Royal : Became a Provincial Land Surveyor and Civil Engineer ; is still
practising his calling at Rednersville.

Hicks, Andrew, Russell.

Jamieson, John, York.

Kelly, Sarah, Toronto.

Kennedy, Marianne : Taught in the Toronto Public Schools from 1853 to 1897 ;
deceased.

109

McCammon, Samuel : Principal of the Gananoque Public School for six years ; has
ever since resided in Gananoque and given continuous attention to educational
matters ; has been Secretary-Treasurer of the School Board since 1854 ; was
formerly an Inspector of the town schools and a member of the County Board
of Examiners ; has been engaged in business ever since he gave up teaching.

Marsh, John S., Middlesex ; Martin, Robert, Simcoe ; Meighan, John, York ;
Morden, John M., Middlesex.

Morrow, John : Taught a few years, and went into other occupations for a time ;
resumed teaching and continued till I860, in that year was appointed to the
Inland Revenue service of which he is still a member in Toronto.

Robertson, Duncan : Taught in Ottawa for several years ; removed with his
family to British Columbia, where he still resides.

Scouten, Michael S., Addington : Deceased.

Smith, Dennis, Kent.

Starr, Francis : Taught about seven years ; turned to farming, and still follows

that occupation near Newmarket.
Stone, H. W., Prescott.
Van Every, Jane : Taught in York for three years ; married Mr. Joshua Lochie,

and resides in California.
Welch, Almira, Welland.
Yeomans, John H., Hastings.

SEVENTH SESSION.

(August, 1851 April, 1852.)

Adams, Maria J. : Married Mr. A. McCallum while he was Principal of the Provincial
Model School ; died not long afterward.

Arthurton, Samuel L., Welland.

Barr, James, Oxford.

Connell, Thomas : Taught in New York State, died more than twenty years ago.

Demill, Adelaide, Piiiice Edward.

Eckert, William D. : Taught two years in Prince Edward, and has taught forty-
five years continuously in Middlesex, twenty-six of them in London, where
he is still Principal of a large public school.

Emslie, Peter, Wellington : Deceased.

Fitch, Benjamin Franklin : Graduated in the Department of Modern Languages in
the University of Toronto ; practised Law in Brantford, where he died a few
years ago.

Gage, Edward F., Durham.

Garland, Thomas : Taught for many years in Carleton, Bruce and Lincoln ; died
about ten years ago.

German, George G. : Taught in Hastings County ; was Principal of the Mount Elgin
Industrial School for Indians; engaged in commercial business in Belleville ,
removed in 1866 to Strathroy, where he still resides and takes an active
interest in education.

Girvin, Margaret : Married ; resides on Sandwich Island.

Guthrie, John : Died about forty years ago.

Halliclay, David : Died lately near Renfrew.

Harding, Samuel W.: Taught a number of years ; became book-keeper in the
Methodist Book Room ; died several years ago.

Henderson, Apphia S., Middlesex; Henderson, Susan, Prince Edward.

Jennings, Emily H. : Taught in Chippawa, in Brantford High School, and in
Mount Pleasant Public School ; married Mr. John Stowe ; studied Medicine
in New York, and began practising in 1867 in Toronto, which is still her home ;
registered in the Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons after taking a
course of lectures in the Toronto School of Medicine ; has been, and still is,
actively devoted to the work of social reform.

110

Johnson, Catharine : Taught from 1852 to 1855 in tie Girls Department of the Pro
vincial Model School, and six years in Willowdale in York County : married
in 1860 the Rev. Charles Fish, Methodist Minister, now superannuated and
living in Toronto.

Johnson, John E., Leeds.

Johnston, John : Taught in Simcoe County, became a farmer in Flos Township ;
died in 1894.

Kessack, Christina : Taught in St. Thomas ; married Rev. J. Hugill in 1854 ; died
at Gait in 1856.

Lapraik, Archibald, Halton ; Loree, Darius, Welland.

McNally John E. : Taught three years in a private school, and three in a Public
School near Aurora ; has lived ever since in Aurora, engaged in business ; has
held a number of public offices.

McNaughton, Thomas : Practised Law in Cobourg.

Martin, Alexander : Spent nine years in teaching and inspecting, and thirty-six
in the Methodist ministry ; now living in Toronto.

Morden, E. R. : Taught for a few years : studied Medicine but did not practise ;
turned to horticulture and the nursery business, which he still follows at
Niagara Falls South ; has taken an active interest in agricultural education.

Peacock, George : Taught eight years at Port Burwell ; is now farming, living at
Mount Salem.

Phillips, John R.: Now Rev. John R. Phillips, of St. Thomas.

Powell, Julia Ann, Northumberland ; Procunier, Elijah, Norfolk.

Robins, Sampson Paul : Taught from 1852 to 1854 as third master in the Boys De
partment of the Provincial Model School, and for two years as Principal of the
Brantford Central School ; in 1857 took part, under Dr. Dawson, in the orga
nization of the McGill Normal School, Montreal ; after thirteen years service
became, for other thirteen, Superintendent of Protestant Schools in that city :
has ever since been Principal of the McGill Normal School.

Ross, Samuel, Simcoe.

Shaw, Joseph W., Brockville.

Slaven, Annie Eliza, Prince Edward : Went to California.

Tilley. William : Was Science Master for several years in Napanee Hi-h School

died in 188.

\Valsb, Catharine, York : Deceased.

Webb, Henry F. : Became a manufacturer in Trenton ; now deceased,
loung, Matura, Prince E I ward.

EIGHTH SESSION.

(May, 1852 November, 1852.)

Allen, Lewis, Addington : Deceased.

Beattie, Mary, London.

Bedford, Alice : Married Mr. William Coutes ; died twenty years ago.

Bell, Elizabeth N. : Married Mr. John Baxter ; lives as a widow in Chatham.

Bell, Alexander, Peel ; Bie, William, Middlesex ; Bingham, Charles, Elgin.

Brookfield, E. V\.: Taught fifteen years in rural schools ; spent sometime farming

became Collector of Customs at Fort Erie in 1885, and retired in 1896 : resides

now on his farm in Crowland Township.

Cameron, Alexander, Victoria.

Campbell, John : Taught for many years as Head Master of one of the Toronto
Public Schools ; stiJl resides in that city.

Ill

Campbell, R. O. . Taught in rural schools in Grenville, Dunclas and Carleton, and
also in Madoc, Burritt s Rapids and Kemptville ; rendered military service
during the Fenian Raid, rose to the rank ot Colonel of the 56th Battalion ;
retired in March 1897, retaining his rank ; retired at the same time from
teaching ; resides in Kemptville.

Charlton, Benjamin E. : Taught a year and a half in Hamilton Central School, and
then went into business as a manufacturer ; has filled several prominent
positions including that of Mayor of Hamilton, President of the Board of
Trade, and President of the Street Railway Company ; still carries on business
in that city ; is one of the Commissioners of Queen Victoria Park, Niagara
Falls.

Chisholm, Daniel, Lanark : Went to British Columbia.

Christy, George B., Prince Edward ; Clark, Emily M., Toronto ; Collins, Thomas,
Carleton ; Connor, Isaac, Wentworth.

Daniell, Ellen, Peel.

Davidson, Alexander : Surveyor ; lives at Arkoria.

Dowling James, Leeds.

Edmonds, Joseph, Peel.

Fleming, Anna, Toronto ; Fleming, John H., York ; Foley, Thomas, Peel.

Freeman, William : Taught in Milton, studied Medicine, and has practised for
many years in Georgetown.

Gothard, Joseph : Went into railroading and telegraph operating.
Hagar, Azubah, Welland ; Hagar, Lydia L., \Velland.
Herrington, Walter S., Prince Edward: Died young.
Higgins, Fanny, Northumberland.

Hoig, Martha R. : Taught several years ; married Mr. James Gibson of Oshawa,

where she still lives.

Huckins, James M. : Taught in Ontario County.
Hunt, Ambrose : Now a clergyman in the United States.
Huntsman, William V. : Taught many years in Oxford County ; is now farming in

Musfeoka.

Irwin, William Henry : Taught for twelve years ; retired from the profession, and
is now a publisher in Hamilton.

Kelly, Michael Joseph, M. D., LL.B. : Taught Grammar School in Bowmanville and
VVaterdown ; was engaged in literary work for several years : when the office
of County Inspector was created by the School Act of 1871, he was appointed
to that position in Brant County and he still discharges its duties ; was a
member of the Central Committee of Examiners.

Kilmer, Edward, Hastings : Went into railroading.

Liddy, George P., York.

McBrien, James : Taught fifteen years ; when the office of Public School Inspector
was created by the School Act of 1871, he was appointed to it in Ontario County
and still continues to discharge the duties assigned to it ; lives at Prince Albert.

McCarkill, Peter, Ontario .

McLean, John, Brant : Taught many years until 1883, ; now deceased.

McPherson, John : Retired from teaching in 1867 ; resides in Ottawa.

McQuarrie, Duncan : Taught some time ; retired from active work ; now deceased.

Magan, Elizabeth : Taught successfully in Hamilton, Toronto, Belleville, and
Joliet, 111., U.S.A. ; is now Superior of the Loretto Convent at Niagara Falls.

Magan, Grace : Taught under Dr. Sangster in the Central School Hamilton, and in
Loretto Convent, Lindsay ; is now Sr. M. Delphinaot Loretto Abbey, Toronto.

Martin, Henry, Toronto ; Mishaw, Spencer Daniel, Toronto ; Moorby, Samuel,
Toronto ; Morrison, Peter, Lanark.

Newman, Timothy, Prince Edward.

112

Oliver, John S., Leeds.

Poole, John Wesley : Taught seventeen years in the counties of Lincoln and Perth,

and in the town of St. Mary s ; has filled many public offices in St. Mary s,

where he has resided for the past forty years.
Ralph, William, Middlesex.
Rothwell, John, Lanark.
Rothwell, Samuel : Taught several years ; became a clerk in the Department of

Agriculture at Ottawa ; was superannuated in 1891 ; still resides in Ottawa.
Reazin, Henry : Taught Grammar School for some years ; was appointed Public

School Inspector for West Victoria under the School Act of 1871, and still

holds the position.

Reilly, Daniel John, Toronto ; Rice, Emily, Durham.
Robertson Minnie : Taught a private school in London till 1857. when she married

Mr. Wm. Saunders, now Director of the Dominion Government s Experimental

Farm near Ottawa, where she resides.
Robinson, Elizabeth, Toronto.

Scudamore, Henry Thomas Bernard de Lambton ; Siggins, Ann, Toronto.
Slaven, Thomas : Taught for some time in Ontario ; went to California, U. S. A.,

where he is now a Superintendent of Schools and is also engaged in business.
Sliter, Alonzo, Leeds : Was Principal of Pakenham Public School for several

years ; superannuated ; now deceased.
Smyth, Charlotte S. : Taught in one of the Toronto Public Schools as Principal till

1862 ; married Mr. Thomas Scotland now resides at Glenmorris.
Storrie, Sophia J. , London.

Strachan, Alexander R.: Studied Medicine and practises in New York, U.S.A.
Toof, Maria E. : Took a course of study in Obeiiin, Ohio, U.S.A. ; has devoted most

of her life to literature and travel ; married Mr. A . W. Lauder who attended

during the tenth session of the Normal School and was afterwards a member of

the Ontario Legislative Assembly ; still resides in Toronto.

Trull, William Warren : Taught eight years ; then went into business of various

kinds in Orono, where he still lives.
Van Camp, Lewis : Practised Dentistry in Berlin for over thirty years ; died this

year.

Watson, William : Taught in the Port Hope High School.
Whitcomb, Huldah S., Prescott.
Williams, Marilla : Taught for a time ; married a clergyman ; is now living in the

United States.
Williams, Matilda : After teaching for some time married a clergyman, and now

resides in the United States.

Willson, Elvira, Welland.

NINTH SESSION.

(Nov., 1852 May, 1853.)
Appleton, Lydia Ann, York.
Bales, Elizabeth, York ; Barber, Eliza, Middlesex ; Bell, Thomas, York ; Boyd,

W. T., Peel ; Brethoer, Samuel, Ontario ; Buyers, Margaret, Welland.
Caldwell, Mrs. Anne, Toronto ; Callaghan, Elizabeth J., Welland ; Carter,

Tryphena S., Middlesex ; Carr, Sarah, Wentworth.

Campbell, Helen : Married Mr. J. Moore ; now residing in Winnipeg.

Campbell, Robert A., Lincoln; Campbell, Ellen, Toronto ; Clarke, John, Brant.

Coote, Elizabeth : Taught a year and a half in Hamilton Central School, and one
year in a private school at Oakville ; in 1857 married Mr. William McCraney
who was afterwards a member of the House of Commons ; now resides in Van
couver, B. C.

113

Currey, Edward, Lincoln.

D Evelyn, John : Became a physician ; died about twenty years ago.

Dougherty, Samuel, Toronto ; Douglass, Elizabeth, Haltoii.

Ede, Joseph, Durham.

Elson, John : At one time a merchant in Komoka.

Farland, Eliza J., Lambton.

Fellker, Frederick : Taught for a number of years ; entered mercantile life ; moved

to the Western States where he now lives.
Fitzpatrick, W. D., York, : Now deceased.
Foster, Jennette Gray : Taught for six years in Haldimand and Welland Counties ;

married Mr. Andrew Kinnard ; died in 1894.
Haycock, Charles W., Brant.

Hendry, Christina : Married Mr. D. White ; now deceased.
Hill, Richard, Elgin ; Hoig, Ellen L., Toronto ; Houghton, Mary, Oxford ; Howard,

Jane Amelia, Lambton ; Howard, Lydia E., Lambton ; Howe, Charles, Prince

Edward.

Huffman, James C. : Taught for some years ; became a farmer ; died in 1895.
Hume, Annie C : Died at Wingham, Ontario.
Jones, Richard : Practised Medicine in New York.

Kay, Jane : Taught rural schools till 1855 ; married in 1856 Mr. John Darch, who
died ten years afterward ; kept on her husband s business in London, which is
still flourishing.

Kennedy, John T , Lincoln.

Kennedy, Lachlan, Halton : Became an engineer and land surveyor.

Kerby, May Elizabeth, Welland.

King. William Henry : Studied Medicine ; practised for some years ; now deceased.

Lanou, Griffin Patrick, Toronto ; Lemon, Caroline, York.

Lucas, Sarah Ann : Married Mr. T. Atkinson ; now deceased.

McDiarmid, Angus : Taught for a short time ; engaged in farming for several years ;
entered the Civil Service, Ottawa, in 1874, and retired from it in 1895 ;
still lives in Ottawa.

McDonell, Augustine, Glengarry.

McKenzie, Alexander, Middlesex : Deceased.

McLeay, Murdo : Lives in Watford, County of Lambton.

McTaggart, Neil : Taught school till 1857 and then became a farmer ; died in 1895.

Malcolm, John G., Oxford; Markham, Patrick, Toronto; Martin, Alexander, York.

Minchin, Charles: Died at Brantford in 1883.

Misener, David : Became a farmer ; deceased.

Mulholland, Hiram : Taught many years in Halton County ; was Local Superinten
dent of Schools.

Murray, George, Peel.

Nesbitt, James, Peel.

O Brien, Patrick, Toronto.

Parnell, Mary Jane : Taught for several years ; married Mr. George Merrick of Mer-

rickville ; now resides in Ottawa.
Patterson, H. E., York ; Pettit, Hiram, Durham.
Pew, E. A. C. : Now a well known promoter of railways and other works of public

utility.
Price, Edwin : Taught for a number of years ; studied Medicine, and now has a

lucrative practice.

Pritchard, Frederick W. S. : Became a physician ; now deceased.
Procunier, Daniel, Norfolk.

114

Quinn, Ann Jane : Taught in Yorkville, now part of Toronto : married Mr. Roliert
McCausland ; died in 1894.

Quinn, Sarah B. : Taught in Toronto ; marrkd Mr. Edward Perry of that city ; died
about 1890.

Rae, Francis : Taught at Prince Albert iu Ontario County ; practised Medicine
inOshawa; appointed Registrar of the county ; died in 1896.

Richardson. Sarah.!., Kent; Riddell, Andrew, Toronto; Roberts, John, Ontario.

Robinson, Eliza II. : Taught in Toronto ; married Mr. Taylor ; now deceased.

Rock, Warren : Taught in the Model School, Toronto ; entered the legal profes
sion ; became an eminent practitioner in London ; died some eight years ago.

Rogers, Thomas A., Toronto; Ryan, Elizabeth, Halton.

Sanders, Rosina A. : Taught in Hamilton Central School ; nv.rried Mr. Cranfield, a
teacher in that city.

Sharp, Phoebe Louise : After teaching for some time in Welland County mar
ried Dr. R A. Haney, formerly of Fonthill but now of Caistorville.

Simmons, Daniel L. , Northumberland : Deceased.

Simmons, John, Toronto ; Simmons, Mary, Northumberland ; Smith, Henry F.,
Lincoln ; Smith, Jane, Wellington ; Smith, Jane, Peel.

Smith, Melissa : Taught a short time; married ; now deceased.

Smith, William, Peel ; Stevenson, Samuel, Oxfoi d.

Stewart, William : Taught for some yeais ; spent some time in the office of the
North American, then edited by the Hon. William Macdougall ; studied
Architecture and is now one of the leading architects in Hamilton ; designed
the new Collegiate Institute in that city, and the Central School in Brantford.

Stuart, Mary : Retired from teaching ; lives at the family homestead, near Belton,
in Middlesex.

Tobias, Mary : Taught in Niagara, then in the Buxton Mission, Chatham ; mar
ried Rev. Mr. McSweeney ; resides in New York.

Tocher, Isabella, Ontario ; Todd, Mary Ann, Toronto ; Trousdale, James D.,
Frontenac.

Vanalstine, Charity A., Welland ; Vanalstine, Elizanath, Welland.

Van Every, Elizabeth : Taught eight years iu York County ; married Mr. Josiah
Purkiss, then a merchant in Thornhill ; now resides in Toronto.

Vardon, William : Entered the medical profession ; practised in Ontario and the
United States ; died at Berlin a few years ago.

Walker, Amand E., Lincoln ; Willson, Crowell, Welland ; Willson, Hester, Wel
land ; Willson, Pamelia, Welland ; Wilson, Mary, Brantford ; Wilson, Mary
Ann, Toronto ; Wilson, Robert, Hastings ; Wood, Sarah, Norfolk.

TENTH SESSION.

(May, 1853 November, 1853.)

Abercrombie, William, Prince Edward: Died about 1855.

Adams, Wilbur Fisk, Halton.

Bearss, Mary M., Welland.

Bly, William Henry : Taught in Prince Edward ; engaged in business in Trenton.

Bowerman, Ichabod S., Prince Edward.

Bowerman, Thomas M. : Still living on a farm near Wellington in Prince Ed
ward County.

Bowes, Sarah : Taught for twenty-five years in Public, Private and High Schools ;
became an active organizer and platform speaker for the Women s Christian
Temperance Union ; went to British Columbia in 1886 ; has charge of the
" Chinese Girls Rescue House " in Victoria.

115

Carlyle, William : Taught for some years in Norfolk and Brant Counties ; entered
on a course of study with a view to the Congregational Ministry, and took con
temporaneously a partial Arts course in the University of Toronto ; abandoned
the ministerial course on account of throat disease ; taught in Hamilton Central
school, and was afterwards Principal of Gait Central School for seven years,
till his appointment in 1871 to the Inspectorship of Oxford County.

Clark, Charles, Haldimand ; Coe, Richard, Durham ; Costello, Edmund P., Brant.

Curry, William : Taught for several years ; was superannuated ; lived at Hillier,
Prince Edward, until very recently.

Danard, Asa B. : Taught for some time ; is now farming near Owen Sound.

Dixon, John, Welland ; Draper, James, York.

Edmonds, Joseph, Oxford ; Evans, John, Halton.

Falloon, Charles Edward, Halton.

Foster, Jane : Taught for four years in Haldimand and Welland ; married Mr.
James Williams.

Gibbs, Robert : Taught at Salem and Elora ; still resides at the latter place.

Hankinson, Charles : Taught for some time in the Baptist College, Woodstock ;
now deceased.

Hay, Robert, Brant.

Hellyer, Robert : Taught many years at Port Dover ; became a physician ; now
deceased.

Hume, Thomas : Taught in the Township of Pittsburgh.

Jessop, John : Taught in this Province till 1859 ; went to British Columbia,
crossing the plains and mountains on foot ; maintained a private school in
Victoria for three years ; started a successful agitation for free non-sectarian
schools on Vancouver Island, and became Principal of the first school under
the new system ; was Superintendent of Education for the united Province of
British Columbia from 1872 till the abolition of the office in 1878 ; has been
immigration agent for British Columbia since 1883 ; still resides in Victoria.

Kelly, David, Prince Edward.

Lander, Abraham W. : After teaching for some time entered the legal profession
and practised in Toronto ; represented South Grey in the Legislative Assembly
of Ontario till his death in 1884.

Logan, Robert, Middlesex ; Lyon, Lydia L., Brant.

McCracken, Mary : Taught under Dr. Sangster in the Central School, Ham
ilton ; afterwards in Brantford Central School ; went to McGill College Model

School, Montreal, as first Head Mistress.
McDonald, Angus, Victoria ; McDougall, Hugh, Russell ; McGee, Robert, Gren-

ville ; McKay, William, Ontario.
Maguire, Jacob Choate, Durham ; Marlatt, Mary, Oxford ; Martin, James,

Haldimand; Masters, Caroline A., Toronto; Masters, Delia A., Toronto;

Mills, Sophronie A., Northumberland; Montgomery, Wil iam,: Wentworth ;

Moriarty, James, Renfrew.
Phillips, Martin, Brant.
Robins, Samuel : Taught in the Public and High Schools of Bowmanville until

1856, when he died suddenly. He is a younger brother of S. P. Robins, the

Principal of McGill Normal School.

Robinson, Julia A.: Taught in Toronto ; married Mr. Cordon. ; resides in that city.
Stafford, Alexander, Toronto ; Stewart, William, Toronto.
Stone, Adeline : Taught two years; married Mr. J. W. Fowke ; resides at Oshawa-
Sweeney, Margaret : Now Rev. Mother Sebastian, St. Joseph s Convent, Hamilton.
Turner, Alfred, Ontario : Left the profession.
Turner, Isaac : Went immediately into mercantile business ; moved to Mani-

toulin Island in 1879 ; retired from business in 18S9 ; now resides at Little

Current.

116

Warren, Joseph, : Taught until 1876 in Perth, in the County of Lanark, and in
Pembroke and Eganville in the county of Renfrew ; was appointed a Customs
officer ; still resides in Pembroke in that capacity.

Will, Phineas, Oxford : Left the profession.

Williams, David L. : Taught some years ; is now a farmer in Northumberland
County.

ELEVENTH SESSION.

(November, 1853 May, 1854. )

Adams, Mary : Taught in Hamilton till 1863 ; then in the Girls Model School, To
ronto ; succeeded Mrs. Clark as Head mistress in 1865 ; retained that position
till Dec. , 1866 ; married Mr. Grinton.

Anderson, Jane, Toronto.

Bales, Sarah : Married Mr. A. R. Christie ; now a widow ; resides in Toronto.

Bannister, Charles : Taught a number of years in St. Catharines ; became a jour
nalist there ; died twenty years ago.

Bird, Francis Wesley : Entered the medical profession after teaching in the
Central School, Oshawa ; removed to the United States.

Blaicher, Peter C : Became a druggist in Hamilton ; has been Mayor of that city,
and still resides there.

Bowes, Harriett : Married Mr. James Field, Hamilton ; now deceased.

Bristol, Coleman, Lennox : Now deceased.

Brower, John Ransome : Taught some years ; became a farmer, and is now a buyer
and exporter of cheese ; resides in Belleville.

Burgess, Margaret, Haldimand.

Cattanach, Catharine : Taught in the Cornwall Public School for three years ; mar
ried the Rev. Hugh Campbell, M.A., of that town; since his death has lived
in Toronto.

Clarke, Esther, Hal ton.

Coady, Mary : Not now teaching ; resides in California ; wife of Prof. Wright.

Coyne, John : Taught many years in Toronto; superannuated in 1884.

Decow, Mary Anne : Married Rev. George Cuthbertson ; resides in Toronto,

Decow, Rebecca: Taught some years in Norfolk County and Oakville ; is still
teaching in Hamilton.

Ecroyd, Alfred Ernest : Taught some years ; died a few years ago.

Goldsmith, Gilbert : Taught for some time ; entered the Methodist Ministry ; died
several years ago in the United States.

Higgins, Kate, Toronto.

Hollingshead, Silas: Taught at different places in York County ; entered the medical
profession, and practised till 1879, retired to his former home near New
market, and died there in 1881.

Holmes, Anna Maria, Toronto.

Hughes, Elizabeth : Married William Oliver ; resides in Toronto.

Jackson, Anne E. : Taught for a few years ; now resides in Toronto.

Jackson, John E. : Clerk of Eldon Township, Victoria.

Jamieson, Edward, Toronto.

Johnson, Isabella : Taught in St. Catharines, Middlesex, and Lambton ; married
Mr. Hamilton Tripp ; still lives, a widow, at Forest, Ontario.

Junor, Catharine : Taught some time ; turned her attention to painting ; is a
recognized artist of superior merit.

Keddie, Eliza Wilson : Taught for some time in Oshawa ; married ; died in 1854.
Kennedy, Harriet Evelyn, York ; Kennedy, Margery Muter, Middlesex ; Kerr,
Bernard S. , York.

117

Livingston, John, Simcoe.

McCrady, Melissa : Died about thirty-five years ago.

McLean, Thomas Ferguson : Taught for a few years ; studied Medicine in Queen s

University ; practised in Goderich ; went to Florida some years ago.
McLennan. Christy, Huron.

McNaughton, John : Entered the medical profession in 1866 ; practises in Durham.
McNaughton, Margaret, Peel.

Megaw, Samuel: Taught in Durham and Huron Counties until 1882 ; was super
annuated ; resides in Goderich.

Noden, William : Practised Medicine ; now deceased.
O Connor, Thaddeus, Hamilton.

Piper, Lucinda, JB.Sc., M.D.: Taught in Woodstock and Toronto ; married Mr.
Aaron Griffith in 1861 ; taught a year in St. Mary s, and afterwards several
years in Ohio, U.S. A. ; was graduated M.D. in 1874 by the Cleveland Homa o-
pathic College ; now resides at Thorndale, Ontario.

Plunkett, William : Taught several years in Owen Sound ; became a medical prac
titioner ; resides in Dakota, U.S.A.

Reynolds, Parmenius : Left Prince Edward County about thirty years ago.

Shearer, Mary : Married T. Hall, B.A., of the fifth session; resides in California.

Shrigley, Margaret : Married Mr. Seam; lived in Buffalo.

Snyder, Lizanna S., Oxford ; Somerville, Robert, Simcoe ; Stevens, Elizabeth,
Kingston; Stevens, Mary, Simcoe; Stevens, William, Kingston.

Sproat, Marion, Halton : Married Dr. Douglas ; deceased.

Sproat, Eleanor, Halton : Married Mr. T. Rome, Grimsby.

Storrie, Josephine : Taught for some time ; married Mr. Henry Glackmeyer of the
Canadian Civil Service ; still living in Quebec City.

Sudborough, Mary E. : Taught a number of years in the Hamilton Public Schools ;
married Rev. Mr. Armour, a Congregationalist minister in Vermont; now
resides in Northfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Terrill, John : Farming near Picton, Ontario.

Walkingshaw, Cecilia Mary Anne : Now Mrs. Jeffrey of Toronto.

Willson. Mary Anne : Married a farmer in Binbrook, Wentworth County.

TWELFTH SESSION.

(May, 1854 November, 1854.)

Armstrong, Agnes, Wellington.

Barkley, George Abraham, Dundas County.

Chisholm, Allan, Victoria ; Clark, Helen Elizabeth, Haldimaud.

Craig, Francis Josiah : Taught writing in the Normal and Model Schools from
November, 1854, to April, 1855 ; taught in the public schools of Belleville and
London till 1857 ; spent ten years in the United States, and the remainder
of the time till 1892 in business in London, Strathroy and Sarnia ; now Town
Clerk of Strathroy.

Dingman, Absalom : Was a journalist in Strathroy and Stratford ; was for some
time an Inspector of Indian Agencies.

Dorothey, Susan, Toronto ; Douglass, William, Peterboro .

Foggin, Alice : Taught two years in Toronto ; married Mr. John Turner, once an
Alderman of Toronto ; died in 1873.

Fotheringham, David : Taught as assistant and also as third Head Master of the
Provincial Model School, 1856-58 ; resigned and taught in Hamilton for two
years ; was a student at Knox College and University College during 1860-63 ;
travelled in Europe and the United States from 1864-71 ; was appointed
Inspector in the County of York in 1871 and is still so employed.

118

Gould, Amos, Hastings : Taught for some time ; now deceased.

Hackett, William, Toronto.

Holmes. Ninian Leander : Taught for many years in Haldimand County ; superan
nuated and now living in the United States.

Hurlburt, John A. : Resided at Warkworth, Northumberland; i;ow deceased.

McDonald, Elizabeth : Taught in rural schools and in Oakville ; wife of Mr. S. B.
Ganton of that town.

McEIderry, Margaret Teresa, Toronto.

McKay, Alexander : Taught a number of years in the County c.f Stim&lt;&gt;nt; gradu
ated in Medicine; practised at Beaverton, Ontario; died in 1882.

McKee, Davis, Oxford.

McLean, John : Taught in St. Thomas and Port Stanley ; studied and practised Law

for thirty years ; has been Inspector of schools in St. Thomas for twenty years.
McNaught. Elizabeth : Taught for several years in the vicinity of Brantford, Paris,

Gait and Fergus ; went to Australia in 1861 ; married Mr. John Bi &gt;yd, i &gt;f Ballarat,

aud still resides there, since his death with her uncle, Mr. David McNaught.
McPherson, Alexander: Taught till 1863; wa then appointed Clerk and Treasurer

of Etob;coke Township, which office he still holds.
Mowat, Jane : Taught five years in the John St. School, Toro/ito; married Daniel

Rose, publisher ; still living in Toronto.
Nash, Samuel: Studied Medicine and took his degree in 18(55 ; now practising in

Milford, Ontario.

Patton, John, York ; Preston, Annie, Wellington.
Robinson, Sarah Agnes, Toronto.
Scott, Richard William : Taught in Oshawa and on the Grand River ; became English

Master in the Toronto Urammsr School.
Stephens, James : Taught school in Kent for five years; turned to farming in 1660,

and filled an office in the Division Court till 1873 ; fanned again till 1885 ; is

now a private banker in Dresden, Ontario.

Strickland, Margaret: Taught in Oshawa; married Mr. Burnett; died in Oshawa.
Strickland, Nancy : Died in Oshawa.

Weir, William : Taught some years in Eramosa, Wellington; now book-keeper for
Goldie & McCulloch in Gait.

Wilkinson, Caroline : Taught in Oxford and York Counties, and in a private school
in London ; in I860 married Rev. James Goodwin, a Methodist clergyman ; liv
ing in Grimsby.

THIRTEENTH SESSION.

(November, 1854 May, 1855.)

Adams, Joseph Fellows, Toronto.

Alexander, Robert : Taught in Newmarket till 187-1 ; has been Principal of Gait
Public School since 1875 ; was largely instrumental in organizing the Provincial
Teachers Association, now the Ontario Educational Association.

Armstrong, Ann Musgrove : Taught two years in Wellington County ; married Mr.
Alexander Bruce of Morris Township; died in 186".

Arnold, Emma, Toronto.

Backhouse, Matilda : Taught for some time ; married Mr. Isaac Foster, a farmer.

Bigg, William Reader: Taught public school in Lincoln and Elgin Counties ; was
Mathematical and Science Master in the Gait Grammar School ; Principal of
the United Grammar and Common School of Brockville till 1871, when he was
appointed first Inspector of Leeds County ; took up mercantile business in 1884
and still follows it in Brockville.

Brown, Mary, Halton ; Brown, Mary Frances, Ontario.

Campbell, Elizabeth, Toronto ; Campbell, Peter, Carleton.

119

Ford, Angeline Brown, Toronto; Forsyth, Edward Lee, Welland; Fuller, Sarah
Anne, Ontario.

Gick, Henry: Taught in Hamilton Central School.

Guim, Catharine : Taught in London ; married Mr. Agiiew.

Lind. Harriett Ann : Afterwards Mrs. Drake of Montreal ; now deceased.

McGrigor, James, Perth.

McKerchar, Culm : Taught in public schools in Victoria, Ontario, Glengarry, Essex,
Stormont, Middlesex and Oxford Counties, and in a private academy in Glen
garry over twenty years in all ; studied for the Presbyteiian Ministry, and
has spent over five years in homo mission work in Manitoba, Algoma and
Argenfceuil.

MacMurchy, Archibald : Opened the first public school in the town of Colling-

wood in 1855 ; graduated as Mathematical medallist in the University of Toronto

in 18G1 ; joined the staff of the Toronto Grammar School, and became Rector

of it in 1872 ; is still Principal of the Jarvia Street Collegiate Institute,

Toronto.

Minions, James, Lanark.
Morton, John : Taught in Halton, Oxford, Brant, Prince Edward and Has- tings

Counties ; retired in 18(i3 ; now living in Belleville.

Munday, Lydia Sophia, Hamilton ; Munn, Donald, Wellington : Deceased.
Murray, Mary Ann : Taught in Perth ; married Mr. Bates ; went to Calgary.
Myera, Julianna : Taught for a time ; married Mr. Thomas Hales of the township

of Otonabee ; after the death of her husband in 1868 she resumed teaching

in the County of Leeds ; has now retired from teaching ; resides at Forfar.
Plunkett, Thomas : Taught seventeen years ; was in business in Meaford for some

years after 1863 ; is now Division Court Clerk in that town.
Porter, Louisa, York ; Porter, Mary, York.
Raine, John, Toronto.
Rogers, Adelaide, Prince Edward.
Shenick, Henrietta : Taught seven years in the Provincial Model School. Toronto,

from April, 1855. to December, 1862 ; married Mr. Pearson, who died in 1864 ;

taught in San Francisco, and then went to Australia ; was drowned near San

Francisco on her return in 1867.

Shepard, Mary, Oxford ; Sweeny, Mary Anne, Toronto.
Van Every, Adeline : Taught six years ; married Mr. J. Campbell ; living in

Parkdale, Toronto.
Van Every, Emeline : Taught four yeai-s ; married Mr. W. Hill ; still living at

Bond Head.
Wright, John Horton, York.

FOURTEENTH SESSION,

(May, 1855 November, 1855.)

Adams, Elizabeth: Taught in Hamilton till 1861, and in Woodstock till 1864;
taught more recently in Oxford County and the District of Muskoka.

Allison, Andrew: Taught many years ; now farming in the Township of Pickering ;
takes a keen interest in educational matters.

Blain, David: Entered the legal profession; graduated in the faculty of Law in
1860 in the University of Toronto ; represented West York for some years in
the House of Commons of Canada ; still resides in Toronto.

Bowerman, James : Taught in Prince Edward County ; engaged in farming and
lumbering in Frontenac ; Principal of the Public School in Napanee, except
for one brief interval from 1870 to 1896 ; now living retired in Toronto.

Campbell, Alexander, Lanark : Died about twenty-five years ago.

120

Carlyle, James : Was fourth Headmaster of Boys Model School from 1858 to 1871 ;
graduated M. D. from Victoria University ; became Mathematical Master in
the Normal School in 1871 ; retired in Dec., 1893 ; is now living in Toronto.
Clarke, Henry S., Ontario: Became a lawyer.
Clarke, Josephine Witmore, Toronto.

Comfort, John Harris : Taught for some time ; practised Medicine in St. Catharines ;
was for some years Inspector of Public Schools in that town ; is now Police
Magistrate.

Crane, Duncan, Elgin.

Cressman, Noah, Lincoln : Deceased.

Danard, William Bernard : Taught several years ; became a Methodist Minister ; now
superannuated ; resides in Grey County.

Flood, Elmira, Hamilton.

Foster, Mary : Taught continuously in the Brantford Central School till 1884 ;
married Mr. Francis Ellis in that year ; has lived in Braiitfoid ever since.

Hay, James: Taught in several schools, cne of which was the Common School
at L Orignal ; now deceased.

Hicks, Henry M., B.A.: Taught for a time in Prince Edward County ; studied Law
in Montreal, but abandoned it to return to teaching ; after a public school
experience of some years, took an Arts course in the University of Toronto,
graduating in 1871 ; afterward taught High School in Trenton and Colborne
till 1885 ; now farming in Haliburton District.

Johnston, David J.: Taught in Haldimand Township until 1860 ; taught in Cobourg
continuously till his resignation in 1879 ; appointed to the staff of the Ontario
Department of Agriculture in 1883 ; resides in Toronto.

Keating, James, Victoria.

Kellock, John D. : Taught for two years ; studied Medicine ; has practised success
fully for nearly forty years iu Perth, County of Lanark, where he still resides.

Kennedy, Elizabeth Eleanor : Taught a number of years in the Public Schools of
Toronto .

Leech, Eleanor, Toronto.

Lester, Mary : Taught a few years in London ; went to Scotland ; married Mr.
Rainsford ; lived afterwards in Montana, U.S.A.

McDonnell, Margaret Catherine, Lanark; McLean, Sophia Caroline, Leeds; Mc-
Pherson, John, Lanark.

Munyard, Mary Ann: Taughb in St. Vincent and Meaford in Grey County;
retired from professional work and now resides in Meaford.

Ormiston, David : Taught in the Provincial Model School, from November, 1855,
to August. 1857, and in the Normal School ; took an Arts cc urse in the Univer
sity of Toronto, graduating in 1861 ; taught Grammar Schools for several years
in Waterdown. Berlin, Cobourg and Brantford ; entered the legal profession,
and still practises in Whitby.

Osborne, Alexander Campbell : Taught for many years, and now lives in Pene-
tanguishene.

Platt, Gilbert Dorland, B.A.: Taught in Ottawa, Gananoque and elsewhere ; gra
duated in Arts ; has been Public School Inspector of Prince Edward County
since 1871 ; resides at Picton.

Roberts, Samson: Taught till superannuated ; died at Columbus, Ontario, in 1876.

Robertson, Amelia, Welland; Robinson, Susannah, Toronto.

Shadd, Emmeline : Taught in Peel and Kent Counties for several years ; married,
and taught afterward in the Normal Department of Howard University,
Washington, D.C. ; went to Savannah, Ga., and taught there till ]876 ;
returned to her home in Kent, Ontario, and lived on a farm until killed while
driving over a Michigan Central Railway crossing three years ago.

Simpson, Henrietta, Hamilton ; Simpson, Samuel, Hamilton.

121

Steele, Thomas O. : Appointed Inspector for Prescott County in 1871, and held that
office till 1880 ; subsequently Model School Principal in Perth, Barrie and
Simcoe ; served as Inspector of part of Norfolk County till his death a few
years ago.

Taylor, John, Ontario.

Tewksbury, Sarah Elizabeth, Hamilton: Deceased.

Thompson, Alexander, Toronto.

FIFTEENTH SESSION.

(November, 1855 May, 1856.)

Andrews, Martha Gilbert : Taught in Elgin County ; now deceased.

Badgerow, Justin : Taught about eight years, including two short terms in the
United States ; entered the legal profession in that country, and has filled
various public offices in Kansas ; now resides in Michigan, U.S.A.

Bettie, Jane : Married Mr. Julius Duncan ; died at Lynchburg, Va., U.S.A.

Brown, David, Lincoln.

Brown, John ; Brown, Robert : Twin brothers ; they attended the Normal School,
and the Congregational College together, graduating from the latter in 1861 ;
Robert was a pastor in Garafraxa for eleven years, and in Middleville, Lanark,
for nine ; John was a pastor for a time in Eramosa and afterwards in Lanark
Village ; John migrated to Manitoba in 1880, and Robert in 1882 ; they both
entered the Presbyterian Ministry there at the same time, and both went after
wards to Washington Territory, where they died.

Buchanan, Elizabeth : Taught in Halton, Haldimand, and Oxford , married about
1880 ; now deceased.

Button, Anna Amelia : Taught a short time ; now lives at Locust Hill.

Churchill, Charlotte Madeline : Has spent all her teaching years in Toronto.

Crawford, Eliza Anne, Toronto.

Dadson, Stephen : Taught twenty years, mostly in Brant County ; is now Town
Clerk of Paris, and Secretary of the Board of Education.

Dew, Mary Avis, York.

Dodds, William : Taught in Collingwood, Southampton and Thornbury ; farmed
and taught in Lambton ; died about 1880.

Gill, Mary Ann Elizabeth : Married Mr. Davis ; died some years ago at Brantford.

Gordon, Fanny, Toronto ; Goouch, Thomas, Victoria ; Green, Thomas, Hastings.

Hamilton, Susan, Toronto.

Harley, Rachel Strong, Brant: Married Mr. John Hunter.

Hois;, Mary Turner Toronto.

Houlding, Mary : Taught privately for some years ; married Mr. W. S. Whittaker;
still living in Brantford.

Hunter, John : Taught in Stratford for fourteen years ; went into business in
Guelph ; taught afterward at Oil Springs and in Ottawa ; died in 1885.

Hunter, Margaret : Taught four years ; married Mr. Andrew W. Knox in 1860, and
lived in St. Mary s ; now resides in Toronto.

Husband. George E. : Taught a short time ; entered the medical profession ; pract
ised thirteen years in Gait ; has practised in Hamilton since 1874 ; was for
fifteen years a member of the Medical Council of Ontario.

Irvine, Margaret : Now Mrs. Davidson, on the staff of the Collegiate Institute,
Hamilton.

Jack, Margaret : Taught three years ; married Mr. J. Mather, Angus, Simcoe ; now
resides at Kincardine, Bruce.

Jones, Amy Caroline, Durham.

Kennedy, Catharine Ainslie : Married Mr. Cooper, Chatham.

Kerr, Hannah Clarinda, Russell ; Kerr, Mary, Russell.

122

Livingstone, Dugald, Simcoe.

McGregor, Alexander, Peel.

Mclntyre, Duncan : Now practising Medicine in Glencoe.

McLean, Jane, Toronto.

McLellan, Mary : Married Mr. J. Wiley ; has taught for many years at Richmond

Hill, York County.
McNiece, Catharine : Taught in Perth, Lanark ; married Mr. Thomas Coulter in

1858 ; still resides in Almonte.
Magan, Kate Theresa, Hamilton : Deceased.
Marlatt, Mary Maria : Taught in Elgin and Oxford ; married Mr. F. H. Tufford,

anl resided on a farm near Aylmer till 1888 ; now resides in Brantford.
Milliken, William : Taught for a short time in Pickering Township ; has since

been engaged in fanning in Markham ; has been since 1884 postmaster at

Hagerman.
Minsha.ll, Mary Anne : Taught some years in rural schools and in Chatham ; still

resides at Thamesville.
Mitchell, John : Left the profession many years ago ; has been a fanner near Vv at-

ford, Lambton County.
Moore, Lewis Corvdon : Taught in the Central School, Gait, and elsewhere ; studied

.[jaw and practised in Huron County ; now deceased.
Moyer, Samuel Nash : Taught for some years in the County of Bruce : entered the

ministry of the German Evangelical Association, and was presiding elder at

the time of his death in 1895.
Mulhern, Catherine : Taught till 1859, when she married Mr. John Wood of

Sydenham ; died in 1&94.
Murchinson, Margaret, Glengarry.

Paul, Anna Maria: Now Mrs. Crosley, Thornhill, York County.
Pickersgill, Sarah Ann : Taught a private school ; now Mrs. Thomas Brooks.
Pratt, Abraham : Taught five and a half years in Ottawa ; spent six years in busi
ness and then entered the Civil Service of Canada ; has been since 187ti Assess
ment Commissioner of Ottawa.

Rich, Esther, Welland : Became Mrs. Keltie ; now deceased.
Robertson. Hannah, Hamilton ; Ruthven, William, Simcoe; Rutledge, Fanny

Anne, Wellington.
Ryan, Catherine : Taught in Toronto till 1866 ; married Mr. Rowland who died

in 1872 ; taught till 188:? ; married Mr. Joshua Woodland ; died in 1889.

Shenick, Adeline : Has taught ever since the completion of her Normal School
course ; took the degree of B. Sc. at Victoria University in 1887, and that of
B. A. at Queen s University, in 1891; taught at Kingston, Port Hope and
Cobourg ; is now Head Mistress of the Girls Provincial Model School, Ottawa.

Shirreff, Benjamin Clarence : Taught for some time in Russell Count}- ; went into
farming ; lives near Owen Sound.

Shortt, Charles, Middlesex.

Sinclair, Mary Anne : Resides at Poplar Hill, Ontario.

Smith, George Young: Taught ten years in Whitby Grammar School; graduated
in Law in the University of Toronto in 1864 ; has practised Law in Whitby
since 1867.

Sweetin, Agnes, Toronto.

Thomson, Hugh, York.

Walker. Catharine : Married Rev. John McMillan ; died about seventeen rears

ago.

Walker, Isabella : Married ; resides in Montreal.
Webster, Anne, Hamilton.
Wh.ivin, Anne : Taught for a short time in Kingston ; married Mr. Gardiner ;

ivsides in Kingston.

123
SIXTEENTH SESSION.

(May, 1856 November, 1856.)

Agnew, Eliza : Taught in Toronto till 1861 ; retired in that year.

Armstrong, Joseph, Toronto.

Austin, Gilbert : Resides at Portland, Out.

Barnard, Sarah, Russell.

Bingham, James William : Taught in the Township of St. Vincent, County of Grey.

Bisbee, Gertrude Melinda, Toronto.

Borthwick, Anna : Taught one year in Toronto, and one in Perth, Lanark County ;
married, in 1858, Rev. J. B. Duncan ; both now reside in Gait.

Boyd, Thomas, York.

Brebner, John : Taught in London, Sarnia and Ottawa till his appointment as
Inspector for West Lambton and the Town of Sarnia in 1871 ; still discharging
the duties of that office, which now includes also the Town of Petrolia and the
villages of Oil Springs and Point Edward.

Bruce, James : Taught a number of years in Brant and Went worth, and in Water-
down High School and Ridgetown Collegiate Institute ; now deceased.

Burden Samuel: Taught eleven years in Darlington Township ; went into business
in Bowmanville, where he tilled various municipal offices, and was for nineteen
years a member of the School Board, of which he is now Secretary.

Cameron, John M. : Entered the Presbyterian Ministry ; was pastor many years of a
Toronto congregation.

Chisholm, Allan : Taught a short time in Ottawa ; long deceased.

Churchill, Mary Anne, Toronto : Has been dead many years.

Clark, Helen Milliken : Went to San Francisco with her mother, Mrs. Dorcas Clark.

Cody, James, Oxford.

Cosby, Alfred Morgan : Taught for some time ; went into business in Toronto ; is
now manager of an investment company in that city and Colonel of the 48th
Highlanders.

Cross, J. Fletcher : Taught a year and a half at Port Robinson, Welland ; gradu
ated in the Faculty of Law of Toronto University in 1862 ; practised Law in
Wellington County till 1872 and in Toronto till 1882 ; entered the Dominion
Civil Service and remained in it till 1891 ; resides now in Toronto.

Dadson, Mary Anne : Married Mr. William West, merchant, in Toronto ; at present
lives at Eglington.

Dobson, Robert : Taught Public School for a time ; graduated in Arts in Victoria
University in 1880 ; has filled in succession the Headmasterships of Bradford,
Lindsay and Picton High Schools ; still holds that position in Picton.

Duff, Daniel : Taught some time at Pai-ley and in other parts of Bruce County ;
graduated from Knox College in 1863 ; spent three years as a missionary in
British Columbia, going and returning by Panama ; has since been in one
pastoral charge for twenty-nine years in the County of Bruce.

Fayette, Emilie Augusta, Grey ; Ford, John, Peterborough.

Fraser, George : Taught for a time ; now a leading merchant at Picton.

Gorsline, William Edwin, Lincoln.

Harlow, James, Ontario.

Hegler, John Hind : Taught for several years in Western Ontario ; went into mer
cantile business, and afterwards practised Law at Ingersoll ; died in 1889.

Huff, Elizabeth : Married Rev. Mr. Corbett : resides in Picton.

Huff, Mary Valid usen : Married Rev. A. D. Miller; resides in Picton.

Jackson, Bertha : Taught in Markham and Scarboro , in York County, and in
Uxbridge Township and Town in Ontario County until her retirement from pro
fessional work in 1881 ; resides now in Toronto.

124

Jacques, John : Taught for two years in the Union School, Scarboro and Pickering;
then became a journalist ; edited the Halton Journal, Hamilton, Times and
Parliamentary Reports ; died in 1864.

Johnston, Elizabeth : Married Mr. Garrett ; now deceased.
Laduc, Thomas, Wentworth.

Little, James: Taught a short time in Wentworth ; entered the Presbyterian Minis
try in 1866 ; was Local Superintendent of Schools in Nassagaweya Township
while pastor there ; transferred to Hamilton, and afterwards to Oxford, Bruce
and Middlesex Counties ; still resides in the last named.
McConnell, John, York.
McKay, Jane : Married Inspector McNaughton of Stormont and Cornwall ; now

deceased.

McKay, John : Taught six years in the Cayuga and Cornwall schools ; studied
Medicine in McGill University and in London and Edinburgh : has practised
in Woodville, Ontario, for tweaty-five years ; has represented West Victoria
in the Legislative Assembly of this Province since 1890.

McKee, Thomas : Taught in Oshawa, Ottawa and Kingston, and in the Hamilton
High School ; studied Medicine, but afterwards entered the Presbyterian
Ministry ; was appointed Inspector of Schools in West Muskoka in 1878, and
in Southwest Simcoe in 1881 ; the latter position he still holds, residing at
Barrie.

McMillan, John : Taught in Ottawa for a number of years ; took a distinguished
course in Arts in the University of Toronto, graduating in 1864 as Prince of
Wales Prizeman ; has been Principal for many years of the Ottawa Collegiate
Institute.

Main, Jane, Northumberland ; Misener, George, Welland.

Musgrave. Peter : Taught seven years ; entered the Presbyterian Ministry in 1807,
and was for a time a pastor at Milverton ; is now in a like position in McKillop
Township.

Ramsay, Marjory Jarden : Taught in Whitby for a short time ; married Archibald
MacMurchy, M.A., Principal of the Jarvis St. Collegiate Institute, Toronto ;
now deceased.

Richards, Amanda : Taught in Toronto ; retired in 1866.
Richards, George, Elgin ; Ross, John Simpson, Ottawa.
Robertson, Dorcas D. : Taught for a time ; was superannuated ; has since resided

in London, Ontario.

Russell, Elizabeth : Taught in the Central School, Hamilton ; married Rev. Wil
liam Troup ; after his death resided in Hamilton.
Soper, Jasper : Taught in Ottawa ; nor deceased.
Stone, Newton Ransome, Welland.
Thompson, Elizabeth, Haldimand.

Vandewater, Samuel : Taught till 1877 in Fredericksburgh, Oro, and East Gwillim-
bury Townships ; retired on account of ill health ; now resides at Mount Albert
in North York
Walsh, Thomas, York.

Webster, Helen : Taught in Hamilton ; now deceased.
Weir, Andrew : Now resident in Walkerton.

Wilson, Thomas C. : Taught in the Kingston Grammar School ; was Principal of
one of the Kingston Public Schools ; retired in 1878 ; has been for many years
a member of the Kingston Board of Education.

Zimmerman, Isaac J. : Now Assistant Postmaster in Beamsville, Lincoln County ;
taught only a few months ; spent several years in business in various parts of
the United States.

125
SEVENTEENTH SESSION.

(November, 1856 May, 1857.)

Bell, Helen, Peel ; Bell, Janet, Peel.

Bissett, Mary : Went to Honolulu, and there married.

Bowles, Peter Langlois, Toronto.

Brookfield, Jacob: In business at Niagara Falls, N.Y., U.S.A.

Brown, Lillis, Ontario.

Calvert, Joseph, Elgin.

Campbell, Neil Moore : Taught for a number of years in Lambton and Middlesex ;

became Principal of the St. Thomas Public Schools in 1876, and of the Elgin

County Model School in 1877 ; still holds both positions.
Carey, Eleanor Harriett : Taught in Ottawa ; married Mr. Soper, one of the teachers

there.

Chcsnut, Thomas George : Took a course in Theology, and then established a pri
vate school in Toronto, which he maintained until 1868, when he become
English Master in the Hamilton Collegiate Institute ; after filling this posi
tion for some time, he again took up private teaching, and continued at it in
Hamilton till his death in 1881.

Clifton, Henry S., Oxford.

Cull, Alice : Taught for a time ; now lives at Aylmer, Ontario.

Dance, Ann : Taught for some time in Middlesex and Elgin ; married in 1860 Mr.
Elijah Gray ; taught for a time in Iowa, U. S. A.; returned to Canada in 1863,
and died in 1864.

Demill, Ervin : A farmer at Northport.

Dewar, Archibald : Taught in various Public Schools until appointed Inspector for
East Huron in 1871 ; resigned that office a few months before his death in 1884.

Doon, George Henry : Studied Medicine ; now deceased.

Duff, James, Renfrew.

Dunn, Barbara Morrison : Taught in Niagara ; married Rev. R. Hall, a Presby
terian minister ; died at Thorndale in 1877,

Elston, Faith, London.

Fleming, .lames : Taught three years in Paris, Ontario ; studied Law and practised
for many years in Brampton; represented Peel in the Canadian House of Com
mons from 1882 to 1887, when he became Registrar of Peel County ; was
appointed in 1892 Inspector of Legal &lt; )ffices for the Province of Ontario, which
office he still holds ; resides in Toronto.

Fletcher, Charlotte, Kent : Died in Nebraska, U. S. A.

Foster, Ralph, Essex : Taught chiefly in Essex County ; retired in 1881 ; died in
1888.

Gardiner, Jane, Toronto.

Gillies, Mary, Toronto : Died about twelve years ago.

Gurd, Dorah : Taught in London several years ; married Mr. Pegler, of Port

Stanley.
Haggerty, James : Taught for several years in North Hastings ; afterwards farmed ;

represented North Hastings in the Ontario Legislative Assembly from 1891 till

198.

Hamm, Thomas Edwin, Elgin : Died in Idaho, U.S A.
Harley, John, Waterloo ; Hume, Mary Miller, Toronto.
Irving, George : Became a Presbyterian minister ; now deceased.
Jenner, Sarah Anne : Taught some years in Raleigh ; married Mr. S. J. Harvey,

Treasurer of that township ; still living at Charing Cross, Ontario.

126

Johnston, Hugh : Taught a public school for a short time in Lambton County,
and gave it up to take charge of a select High School at Arkona ; entered
the Methodist ministry as a probationer, and in 1865 graduated with distinction
from Victoria University ; after tilling many pastoral positions in Ontario and
Quebec he was called to take charge of the National Memorial Methodist
Church at Washington, where he still ministers to a distinguished congre
gation, including President McKinley.

Jones, Jonas, Toronto.

Keown, Adelaide : Taught in Port Hope and afterwards in Toronto, married Mr.
Wallen ; now deceased.

Kilpatrick, George, York.

Kniseley,O\ven F. : A farmer and agent at Port Colborne.

Laughlin, William, Addington.

McBride, Sarah : Taught in the Toronto Public Schools for many years ; resigned
to start a private kindergarten ; is now connected with the Young Women s
Christian Guild.

McCammon, James : Taught in Kingston, studied and practised Medicine ; was
Mayor of Kingston in 1884, and died in that year.

McKechnie, Mary Gray, Wentworth ; McKerchar, John, Storm ont.

McMiirray, Elizabeth Jane : Taught in Toronto ; retired in 1862 ; married Mr.
Turnbull.

McNaughton, Janet, Brant.

Mac William, William : Graduated in Theology and entered the Canada Presbyterian
Church 111 1869, and in Arts in Toronto University in 1802 ; taught Norwood
Gram mar School from 1859 to 1863; held Presbyterian pastorates successively
in Harwood, Streersville, Prince Albert(N. &lt;V. T.), and Port Hope, till 1893 ;
is at present Librarian in Knox College, and lecturer in the Toronto Bible
Training School.

Milne, Elnora, Ontario ; Miller, Janet, Brant.

Moore, Richard, Perth : Now deceased.

Mnnson, Charlotte : Married Mr. Mitchell ; now deceased.

Nichol, William : Taught Burford Village School, Brant County, for eight years;
graduated in Medicine in 1869, and has ever since practised in Brantford ; has
for most of that time been closely connected with the management of the
Brantford Young Ladies College.

O Reilly, Robert, Ottawa.

Preston, James : Was Head Master of Owen Sound High School, and also of Goder-

ich High School ; died in 1871.
Robertson, John, Welland.

Robertson, Martha : London ; married Mr. Hardy ; now resides in St. Louis, Mis
souri, U. S. A.

Rodgers, John : Taught ir&gt; Gleiimorris ; resides in Toronto.
Sarvis, George C., Oxford.
Shoif, Ann, London : Now Mrs. Shannon, Brantford.

Shurtleff, George : Taught in Lambton ; became Mathematical Master in Napanee
High School; superannuated.

Shurtleff, Robert Fulton, Addington.

Sinclair, Lauchlin : Now practising Medicine at Tilsonburg.

Smith, Andrew, Peel : Now deceased.

Smith , Margaret, Lincoln ; Steacy, Jane, Toronto ; Thompson, George Washing.

ton, Welland.

Tisdell, JohiiCassie: Practised Medicine ; now deceased.
Turnbull, John, Toronto.
Veit, Annie, York.

127

Waters, George : Taught a few years, and then entered the medical profession ;
commenced practice in 1868 in Cobourg, where he still resides ; in his boyhood
in Middlesex he was a fellow pupil of the Hon. G. VV. Ross, Minister of Educa
tion, their teacher being the late Rev. David Waters, his elder brother.

Wilkes, Margaret, Toronto.

Yeomans, Silas P., Elgin.

EIGHTEENTH SESSION

(May, 1857 November, 1857.)

A gar, Ellen, Norwich.

Armstrong, Jemima : Taught for some time in Toronto.

Armstrong, John, Oxford : Ni.w deceased.

Ashall, Eliza : Taught four years ; has been twice married ; now conducting a
general store in Greensville, Ontario.

Baikie, John: Taught several years ; was Principal of Gait Central School ; entered
the Presbyterian Ministry ; became the first pastor of the West Presbyterian
Church, Toronto, in 1806 ; died one year afterwards.

Barrick, Eli J. : Continued teaching until 1863 ; studied Medicine in Rolph s
School, then affiliated with Victoria University ; graduated in 1866. and after
spending a year abroad became a practitioner in Toronto and a teacher in the
school which he had formerly attended ; since its discontinuance he has
remained in Toronto, keeping up a close connection with Victoria University,
and taking an active and prominent part in civic affairs.

Uaumwart. Owen : Became a farmer ; went to Michigan twent} years ago.

Black, Davidson : Taught for some time ; graduated in Arts in Toronto University
in 1867 ; practised Law for ninny years in Toronto ; died suddenly some
years ago.

Blackburn, Mary, Hamilton : Now Mrs. Mitchell ; resides in Toronto.

Boag, Joseph : Was teaching in the west twenty years ago ; now deceased.

Book, Eli G. : Became a physician ; died at Niagara Falls South.

Brown, Isaac : Became a physician ; died at Ingersoll.

Brown, James, Ontario ; Brown, James, Oxford.

Brown, Maria : Taught in Halton and Welland Counties ; married in 1864 Rev.
J. C. Wilmott, M.A., Methodist Minister; died in 1889 at Newtonbrook,
York County.

Brown, William, Hamilton ; Bryant, John Henry, Oxford.

Campbell, Robert, Welland ; Campbell, Sarah Anne, Wellington.

Cattanach, Anne Jane : Taught one year ; married Mr. E. A. Perry ; lived "at Valley-
field, Montreal, Hamilton. Ottawa, and Winnipeg ; now resides with her son,
Rev. E. G. Perry, at Wellington, Vancouver Island.

Clark, Ashbel Bowes : Taught till about 1880 in York County ; died in Toronto in
1885.

Clinton, John W. : Entered the Ministry ; lived at Vinton, Iowa ; now deceased.

Coady, Harriet Esther, Toronto : Married in California.

Cooper, Elizabeth, York ; Cremin, Daniel, Longueuil, Quebec ; Cummings, Mar
garet J., Toronto.

Currie, Menzies, Wellington : Deceased.

Dodds, William, Wentworth ; Dougherty, Isaiah, Onondaga.

Duff, Charles : Now a minister of the Congregational denomination.

Dundas, Lydia ; Taught a few years ; married Mr. McGuire ; resides in Toronto.

Eaton, Elizabeth Cecilia, Sophiasburg, Prince Edward.

Farrow, Elizabeth : Now Mrs. W. H. Pars of Buffalo, N. Y., U. S A.

128

Frisby, Edgar : Took an Arts course in Toronto University graduating in 1863 ;
taught High School in several places until 18G7 ; in that year and 1868,
taught Mathematics in the Northwestern University at Evanston, 111., U. S. A ;
has been since Ib68 an assistant in the United States Naval Observatory at
Washington, and since 1878 a professor of Mathematics in the United States
Naval College.

Gordon, Annie, Essex ; Grant, Alice, Welland.

Henderson, Jemima : Taught several years in the Central School, Hamilton ; mar
ried Mr. Grant ; now lives in Hamilton.

Hood, Jane : Taught in Quebec, Glengarry, and Kingston ; married Captain
Thomas F. Taylor ; died in 1897.

Kennedy, Susie, Toronto.

Kinney, Robert : Taught in Beamsville ; studied Medicine, and continued teach
ing ; was appointed, in 1871, one of the Public School Inspectors for Leeds
and Grenville, which office he still holds.

Legerwood, Daniel : Died in Renfrew Count} 1 .

Lester, Margaret. London.

Lucas, Thomas Dennis : Became a physician ; died at Stratford in 1878.

McCalla, John : Is now a merchant in St. Catharines.

McDiarmid, Duncan : Practised Medicine at Scarboro ; died in 1897.

McDiarmid, Peter : Graduated in Medicine from Toronto University in 1866 ; is
now practising at Elmira, 111., U. S. A.

McDougall, John, Carleton.

McElroy, Maria : Married Mr. George Elliott ; now resides in London, Ontario.

Mackenzie, John : Is a farmer in Glengarry County.

McLean, Archibald : Taught till 1864 ; studied and practised Medicine till 1891 in
Sarnia ; is now Registrar of Deeds for Lambton ; lives in Sarnia.

McLean, Peter, Waterloo.

McMaster. John : Resides near Laggaii, Glengarry.

McPherson, Catharine, Halton.

McVean, John : Studied Medicine ; practised for years in Carleton Place ; died
long ago.

Millard, Rosa Scott : Taught five years in Bowmanville ; married Mr. McGee in
1863 ; lived in Oshawa until 1890 ; resides now in Toronto.

Miller, Isabella Brown, Hamilton.

Montgomery, Mary Jane : Now Mrs. Street of Port Arthur.

Morton, Frances Elizabeth : Now Mrs. Greer ; is Principal of one of the Public
Schools in Hamilton.

Newman, Mary Hargrave : Now resident in Buffalo, N.Y., U S.A.

Nicol, PetT : Taught at Port Ryerse ; became a Presbyterian minister ; resides at
Unionville, Ontario.

Noxon, Isaac James, Sophiasburg.

O Connor, Thaddeus James : Taught in St. James parochial school ; died in 1886.

Preston David Hiram : Taught for a short time ; studied Law, and served in the
volunteer militia in 1806 ; in that year was admitted to practice, which he has
ever since carried on at Napanee.

Price, Robert, Leeds : Now deceased.

Purslow, Adam : Taught from May, 1858, to September. 1858, in the Provincial
Model School, Toronto ; became second and afterwards Head Master of the
United Grammar and Common Schools of Port Hope : graduated in Arts and
Law in Victoria University ; resigned his Headmastership in 1894, after thirty-
eight years of teaching ; still lives in Port Hope and is Secretary of the High
School Board.

Riddell, Andrew, Durham ; Robertson, Magdelene, Welland ; Robinson Eliza
York.

129

Roche, Mary Elizabeth : Taught for several years ; now married.

Rogers, Christina, Toronto.

Scott, Agnes : Taught three years in Martintown, Glengarry ; married in 1861 Mr.

William Mcliitosh ; now living on a farm near Martintown.
Scott Elizabeth, Lanark : Deceased.
Smith, John Darling : Taught different schools in Norfolk County ; now a retired

farmer.

Sturk, John Dunn : Graduated in Medicine in Victoria University in 1867.
Stevenson, Samuel, Prescott ; Sutherland, Anne, Huntingdon, Que.
Sweet, Orison David : Resides at Nelson, British Columbia.
Thompson, Rebecca : Has taught in Toronto continuously till the present time.
Tracy, Mary, Ottawa.
Webster, Charlotte, Durham.
Welbanks, Hiram : Taught in several schools in Prince Edward County ; followed

journalism in Picton for two years, and carried on a hardware business in the

same place for sixteen ; now lives in Toronto.
Wilson, Annie : Taught for a time on Wolfe Island, near Kingston ; married in

1861 Mr. C. W. Coates ; now lives in Montreal.
Wolverton, Daniel, Walsingham, Norfolk.

Wright, Eliza Jane : Married and lives in Orono, Durham County.
Young, Thomas : Now resides in Rossburn Township, Manitoba.

NINETEENTH SESSION.

(November, 1857-May, 1858.)

Adams, Lucinda Ruth : Married Rev. Mr. Wilkinson.

Anderson, William Walker : Taught in the Newmarket High School for a time.

Armstrong, Martha : Taught a few years in Lanark ; married Mr. Greer of

Toronto ; is on the Public School staff of that city.
Betts, Eliza Ann : Taught some years in Norfolk County ; married Mr. Keys of

Oakland ; died about 1880.

Blackburn Jane : Married Mr. G. J. Waugh ; resides in Stratford.
Blain, Kate : Taught in London till I860 ; married, in 1861, Dr. J. L. Stevenson,

who died in 1865 ; taught in Toronto from 1870 to 1888.
Bond, William, Toronto.
Brine, Henry James : After teaching for some time he became a general agent of

the Ontario Life Assurance Company.
Burns, Robert : Taught for four years in Lanark, Frontenac and Oxford Counties ;

entered the medical profession ; has practised since 1865 in Carleton Place, in

Pakenham and in Almonte, where he still resides.
Burr, Hester J., E. Flamboro .
Chesnut, Harriet Henrietta, Kingston ; Clark, Annie Lydia, Toronto ; Currie,

Mary, Toronto ; Currie, Peter, Toronto.
Dickinson, Eliza, King, York.
Doan, Robert Willson : Taught till 1872 in East Gwilliiiibury and Aurora, York

County ; has been Principal of schools in Toronto for over twenty years ; was

Principal of the city Model School from 1881 to 1888 ; has been Secretary for

several years of the Ontario Educational Association, and is a member of the

Educational Council of the Province.
Duncan, James : Taught in Georgetown, Blenheim, Thamesville and Dresden,

before going to Windsor ; was Principal of the Essex County Model School

there for thirteen years ; superannuated ; living in Windsor.

Elliott, Thomas, Albion, Peel ; Evans, Jessie, Guelph.
A

130

Forrest, John, Ottawa ; Foster, Jesse, Etobicoke, York.

Fraser, Mungo, D.D. : Taught some years in Public Schools ; entered the Free Church
Presbyterian Ministry in 1867, after a course in Knox College and Toronto
University ; has since been pastor successively of three congregations, one in
Barrie, one in St. Thomas and his present one in Hamiltt 11.

Fraser, William : Taught three years at Woodbridge ; became a physician ; prac
tised for a time in Nova Scotia; moved to La Salle, Illinois, U.S.A., where
he is still living.

Good, Rosa : Spent three years as a governess in London, Ontario ; married Mr.
Grinton ; resides in Illinois, U.S.A.

Grant, Robert : Taught at various times in Wellington and Welland Counties, and
in Brockville Central School ; superannuated in 1896.

Hamilton, Sarah Maria : Taught in the Toronto Public Schools from 1868 to 1888 ;
still residps in Toronto.

Hamilton, Susan Georgiana : Taught in the Toronto Public Schools from 1858, and

still resides in that city.
Hayes, Almira, Toronto.

Henderson, Gregg : Entered the medical profession in 1867 ; now practising in
Strath roy.

Hillock, Moses : Now farming near Melville Cross, Peel County.

Irwin, James, Toronto.

Kean, John Russell, Innisrll, Simcoe.

Kelloch, Agnes : Has taught in the Toronto Public Schools since 1861, with the
exception of an interval of three years.

Liddell, Christina Blair : Taught three years in the Toronto Public Schools ;

married, in 1862, Mr. John Young, now in charge of the Depository of the

Upper Canada Bible Society ; resides in Toronto.
McBean, Janet : Taught three years on Amherst Island ; now retired ; lives at

Napanee.

McCallum, Elizabeth : Married Mr. McDonald ; deceased.
McCann, Susan : Taught for some years ; now Mrs. James Harrison : lives at

Milton.

McGee, Alexander, Merrickville.

McKay, Dorothy : Taught some years ; married Mr. Josephus Rose of Matilda ;
now a widow ; resides in Cornwall.

McKay, John Wood, W. Gwillimbury ; McLelland, John, Darlington.
Maxwell, Henry William : A Methodist Minister ; now deceased.

Mai well, James : Taught Public School for over eighteen years ; has been super
annuated for nearly twelve ; resides at Melville Cross, County of Peel.

Morgan, Augusta Ann : Taught for many years in Goderich and Ingersoll ; died a
few years ago.

Morgan, Eliza : Taught only a few months ; is now Librarian of the Public Library

of St. Thomas, which city has always been her home.
Morgan, Eliza Sarah : Married Mr James Preston, then a High School Master ;

after his death, in 1871, married Rev. John Carry, who died recently at Port

Perry ; now a widow residing at Millbrook.

Morris, James, Toronto.
Newman, John Byron, Tecumseh.

Nichol, Margaret Elliott : Taught for some time ; married Mr. John Brebner, now
P. S. Inspector of West Lambton ; resides in Sarnia.

Patterson, James Centenary, Toronto ; Proctor, Sarah Ann, VV. Gwillimbury.
Pysher, David : Taught many years in Lincoln County ; is now a farmer at Rat

Portage.

131

Roth well, William : Taught Public School for some years ; graduated in Queen s
University ; was Principal of the Perth and Button High Schools ; is at pre
sent a School Inspector at Regina, N. W. T.

Robinson, John, Whitby.

Scholes, John, Manvers ; Snell. Charles, Stephen.

Stevenson, Mary Elizabeth : Taught for two years in Hamilton Central School ;
taught two years, 1884-6, in Orillia Public School ; moved to Toronto ; now
Mrs. Hay.

Sudborough, Esther, Toronto ; Sudborough, Sarah Ann, Toronto.

Thompson, Alexander : Now a physician practising at Strathroy.

Thompson, James, Hamilton ; Thompson, Jane, Scarboro .

Tidey, Martha Victoria : Married Rev. Mr. Huff ; died years ago.

Wilson, Margaret : Married Mr. Grant of St. Mary s.

Windsor, Francis, Rochester, Essex.

TWENTIETH SESSION.

(May, 1858 November, 1858.)

Allan, Mary Kennedy . Taught in Port Rowan ; married Mr. Lamport ; now lives
in Toronto.

Allen, Maria, Hamilton.

Baird, Alexander Kennedy, Toronto ; Bates, James Marshall, Clinton, Lincoln ;
Beach, William Godkin, Toronto.

Be f hell, Sarah : Taught in Bobcaygeon and Toronto till 1890 : died June 5, 1893.

Bielby, William, Toronto ; Bisbee, Julia Elizabeth, Toronto.

Blackwood, Robert : Was Principal of Waterloo Central School for many years ;
afterwards taught in Gait Central School ; retired from teaching ; resides at
Gait.

Brodie, James, Toronto.

Bruce, George : Taught five years in Markham and Whitby ; took an Arts course
in the University of Toronto, graduating in 1868 ; entered the Presbyterian
ministry in 1871 ; spent four years in mission work about Aurora and New
market ; seven as pastor in St. Catharines, and sixteen in charge of a congre
gation in St. John, N.B., where he still resides.

Cann, Samuel Bragaten, Hope, Durham.

Clark, Charles : Taught in London Central School ; retired ; resides now in Lon
don.

Curry, Robert Nicholas : After some years experience in Public Schools, estab
lished Komoka College," which he maintained for several years ; in 1878
became a Model School Principal ; is now a bioker in London, Ontario.

Davis, Jane Eliza, Toronto.

Disher, John Clark : Taught from October, 1858, till his death in 1864, as second
master in the Provincial Model School.

Duncan, Alexander, Thurlow.

Fairbairn, Robert, Peterborough.

Forster, Mary Rachel : Married Mr. A. S. Holmes of Chatham ; still resides there.

Foster, Richard, Nepean.

Galloway, William, Hamilton.

Ganton, Stephen : Taught in Peel and Halton till 1871 ; now a merchant in Oak-
vine, Ontario.

Gardiner, Ann, Niagara ; Gardiner, Elizabeth, Niagara.

Guthrie, Margaret : Now Mrs. Watt of Guelph.

Hankinson, Thomas, Malahide.

132

Harper, Jane : Married Eev. Mr. Gray ; now resides in Toronto.

Hatton, Mary Victoria : Taught in Port Hope High School ; married Mr. R.
Fleming, who then taught in the same school ; now deceased.

Hayne, Caroline, Hamilton.

Henderson, Rubina Isabella, Hamilton : Died in 1860.

Hewson, Edmund Thomas, Seneca : Entered the medical profession.

Hodgins, Thomas : Taught eight years ; entered mercantile life in Luoan, and still
follows that occupation there.

Holmes, Emma Elizabeth : Married Mr. J. Stalker ; resides in Toronto.

Hurd, Helen M. : Taught a few years ; married ; now resides near Rochester, N.Y.

Jenkins, John Fletcher, Thurlow ; Johnston, Martha Jane. Etobicoke.

KelL&gt;ugh, Thomas : Entered the Presbyteiian ministry, and was settled at Trenton ;
afterwards went into Medicine, and practised in the United States ; died at
Chicago in 1895.

Kennedy, Alexander : Taught for some t&gt;me as assistant in the Ottawa Grammar
School ; for nve years in rural schools in Quebec and Ontario, and for twenty-
three years as Principal of the Glenyarry County Model School inMartintown ;
resides now on his farm near Vernon, Ontario.

Kef sack, Lydia Jane ; Taught in London until 1887 ; now resides there.

Knight, Jaaies Henry : Taught in Waterloo, Durham and Victoria, till 1861 ;
taught mu:-4c and filled municipal office for ten years ; has been Inspector of
Public Schools in East Victoria since 1871.

Lamb, Martha, Toronto.

Lloyd, Charlotte, S. Dumfries.

Luton, James Lyman : Taught in Elgin County till his death, in 1859.

Luton, Leonard : Taught in Elgin, and was for some time Local Superintendent of
part of the County ; entered the medical profession, and has practised con
tinuously in St. Thomas since 1867.

McCaig. Donald : Tausht for a number of years in Ottawa, and in the Rockwood
Academy, a private institution near Guelph ; became Principal of the Gait
Central School ; has been since 1886 Inspector of Public Schools in the District
of Algoma ; is an author of a volume of poems.

McCnlley, Alfred : Taught for years in Kent County ; went to Kansas, U.S.A.,
where he is still in business.

McCulley, Esther : Taught till 1868 ; married Mr. Waterworth ; lives in Ridgetowu.

McDavid, Mary, Markham ; McEachren, Donald, Eldon.

McGregor, Norman R., Huron: Died many years ago.

McLaughlin, Mary Ann : Now Sister M. Aloysius ; has taught in the Separate
School at Niagara Falls and atLoretto Academy, Guelph, Belleville, Hamilton,
and Toronto ; has now charge of the High School at Loretto Convent, Toronto.

McLennan, Simon, Puslinch : Now a farmer in Wellington County.

Macoun, John : Taught in Belleville Public School till 1874 ; resigned to become
Professor of Geoloj/y and Natural History in Albert College ; retired in 1879 to
take charge of an exploring party sent out by the Dominion Government ; has
been for many years Botanist to the Department of the Interior, and is now
Assistant Director of the Geological Survey of Canada ; resides in Ottawa.

Magan, Frances Ann : Now Sister Mary of Mount Carmel ; has taught in connec
tion with Loretto Convents in Lindsay, Quebec, Toronto, Hamilton, Guelph
and Niagara Falls.

Magan, Mary Josephine : Taught in Lower Canada ; entered I oretto Convent as
Sister Mary Nativity ; continued to teach in Loretto Academy, Joliet, 111.
U.S.A., Belleville, Toronto and Hamilton, till her death in 189.

Maguire, Anna Margaret, CM van ; Malloy, Alexander, Vaughan ; Martin, Elizabeth,
Yorkville ; Matthews, William Loader, Toronto ; Milne, William, Markham.

Morton, Mary : Is Principal of one of the Hamilton Public Schools.

133

Murdie, Mary Jane, Moulton ; Murray, Elizabeth, Toronto.

O Leary, Mary, Toronto.

Patterson, James : Taught two years in Almonte ; entered the medical profession
and practised in the same place from 1864 to 1882 ; moved to Winnipeg, where
he has practised ever since ; was for some time a Professor in the Manitoba
Medical College, and is still Chairman of the Provincial Board of Health.

Pearce, Thomas : Was first assistant in the Berlin Central School from 1858 to
1864, and was Principal of the same school from 1864 to 1871, when he was
appointed Public School Inspector for Waterloo County, which position he still
holds.

Peters, Henry S , Pickering : Now deceased.

Porter, Agnes, London : Resides in Toronto.

Pratt, Cornelia Augusta : Taught in Chatham for many years ; died in 1881 shortly
after retiring from teaching.

Ranney, Cynthia, Hillier.

Robertson, John Palmerston : Taught in Ottawa and its neighborhood for thirteen
years ; retired to enter business ; was at various times a School Trustee and
Alderman of Ottawa and took a very active part in securing the Normal and
Model Schools for that City ; went to Manitoba in 1879 and was appointed
Librarian of the Legislative Assembly in 1884, which position he still holds.
He was for many years, both in Ontario and Manitoba, connected with the
press.

Robinson, Mary : Taught a number of years in Toronto ; now Mrs. Lamb of Toronto.

Rolls, Alfred : Became a physician ; was surgeon in the Confederate Army, and
married a Confederate officer s widow ; practised his profession until his death
twenty-five years ago.

Rose, Catherine : Taught several years ; married Mr. Colin Macdougall, Q. C. ;
lives in St. Thomas.

Rose, John George, Cornwall ; Rutledge, James, Clarke, Durham.

Serson, Mary, Fitzroy ; Slocombe, Mary Ann, Hamilton ; Stewart, Margaret Eliza
beth, Guelph.

Tye, George Archer : Became a physician and practised in Thamesville and Chatham :
died in 1892.

Walker, Mary : Married the Rev. P. Currie, a Presbyterian minister ; died many
years ago.

Walker, Thomas, Chinguacousy, Peel.

Warburton, George Henry : Retired from teaching ; resides at Stratford.

Way, Daniel Sherman, Cayuga ; Wilson, Agnes Rachel, Toronto ; Wilkes, Marcella,
Toronto.

Wright, George Wesley: Taught for eight years in Eglington and Yorkville ; entered
the medical profession in 1867 ; has practised in Berlin for twenty-eight years,
during twenty-five of which he has been a Coroner for the County of Waterloo.

Foung, Caroline, Nelson : Married Mr. Charles King, a farmer.

TWENTY=FIRST SESSION.

(January, 1859 June, 1859.)

Adams. Martha : Taught in Woodstock till 1862 ; as Mrs. Cullen was Head Mis
tress of the Girls Model School in Toronto from 1867 to 1883.

Armitage, John Robinson : Taught several years, and then entered mercantile life,
which he still follows in Lucan, Middlesex County ; was local Superintendent
of schools, and a member of the County Board of Examiners for some years.

Armstrong, Mary, Guelph ; Atkin, Ellen, St. Catharines.

Atkinson, Edward Lewis : Taught in Gananoque, Gait, and Yorkville, till he
entered the medical profession in 1866 ; practised at Freelton, and afterwards
in Gananoque, where he has conducted a manufacturing business since retiring
from professional work.

134

Banan, Ellen Olivia : Now Mrs. Boottan, Toronto.

Beam, Rebecca Anne, Willoughby ; Beckstedt, Joseph M., Williamsburgh.

Boyes, James Stephen : Retired from teaching some years ago, and died in Chat
ham in 1897.

Buchanan, John Calder, Tuckersmith ; Buchanan, Robert, Tuckersmith.

Campbell Alexander R.: Taught from August, 1859, till May, 1864, in the Provin
cial Model School, Toronto ; went to France, and became English master in a
school in Paris.

Carrie, James : Taught a short time ; became an Anglican clergyman in 18G6 ; now
resident at Goderich.

Code, John Richard, Elma Tp.

Cowan, Elizabeth : Married, in 1867, Rev. James Little, a Presbyterian clergyman
now resident in the County of Middlesex.

Cowan, Sarah, Toronto.

Dow, John : Taught for some years ; went into the manufacture of agricultural
implements at Gananoque.

Edmison, Alexander Rickerston : Taught several years in Peterboro ; subsequently
practised Law ; died a few years ago.

Fenney, Jane Parker, Blenheim.

Flood, Louise, Hamilton : Now deceased.

Fraser, Mary Ann, Kincardine : Now deceased.

Frood, Thomas : Taught in Halton and Elgin Counties, and in the Hamilton Cen
tral School ; took part in the Ridgeway campaign of 1866 against the Fenians ;
went into the drug business in Clifford, and afterwards into general business
at Southampton ; served on the Canadian Pacific Railway construction staff,
and went into business at Sudbury, where he still resides.

Garden, Mary Louise, Toronto ; Gordon, Eliza, Toronto.

Hay, Eliza Augusta : Taught in Port Hope ; married Mr. Bodwell, who was after
wards a member of the House of Commons for South Oxford ; moved to
British Columbia.

Hornell, Mary Johnstone : Taught several years, part of the time near Paisley in
Bruce County ; married Mr. D. B. Wylie ; conducted a Kindergarten for some
time in Brantford, and subsequently established a private one in Buffalo,
where she still resides.

Howell, Lewis, Brant.

Irwin, Margaret : Taught some years in the Hamilton Public Schools ; married Mr.
Davidson, and on the death of her husband resumed teaching ; is now on the
staff of the Hamilton Collegiate Institute.

Johnston, Robert, Gloucester.

Kennedy, Jessie Alison, London.

Kidd, William G. : Taught near Walkerton in Bruce County, and afterwards in
Fergus, County of Wellington ; was Principal of one of the Kingston schools
from 1871 to 1875, and has ever since been Inspector for that city ; is well and
widely known as a geologist and naturalist, and for his unique collection of
crystallographic specimens.

Kitchen, Edward, Dumfries.

Kitchen, Samuel : A Physician in Michigan, U. S. A.

Leitch, Alexander : Retired ; living in Strathroy.

Little, Archibald M., Chinguacousy ; Livingston, Lewis, Markham.

McArthur, John : Became a farmer in Lobo, Middlesex.

McCarthy. Mary Ann, Toronto ; McClure, Robert, Howard ; McCorkindale, Mary,
Guelph.

McDiarmid, Donald : Taught in Huron County ; was Principal of Cornwall Public
School ; entered the medical profession in 1867 ; was appointed, in 1874,
Public School Inspector of Glengarry, which position he still holds ; holds the
ank of Major in the Active Militia.

135

McDonald, Alexander : Entered the Baptist ministry and is now in Manitoba.

McKay, Elizabeth, Hamilton : Married ; now deceased.

McLellan, Archibald : Went long ago to Michigan, TJ.S.A.

McPhail, Margaret, Osgoode.

Magee, Phcebe Snmner, Etobieoke.

Mickleborough, John : Went to the United States and has tilled there several edu
cational positions ; was from 1878 to 1884 Principal of the Cincinnati Normal
School ; from 1885 to 1895 was Principal of one of the Grammar Schools in
Brooklyn, N.Y, ; since 1895 has been Principal of the Boys High School in
Brooklyn.

Millar. Arnoldus : Was for some years Head Master of the Walkerton High School ;

entered the Anglican ministry ; was for a time on the staff of King s College,

Windsor, N.S.

Moore, James Samuel, Lanark.
Neelands, Joseph, Chinguacousy
O Brien, Patrick, Norwich.
Peters, George, Toronto.
Robinson, Mary Ann, West Gwillimbury.
Robertson, John Pushman, Tp. of Gloucester.
Rose, Mary Jane, Rainham : Died about 1890.
Saunders, James : Taught for several years in and near Paisley, in Bruce ; went

into business there, and served for many years as Post Master and Treasurer ot

the village ; died about ten years ago.
Sharp, Sarah Ann, Cavan.
Shaw, Alexander : Taught several years in Lanark ; kept a drug store in Almonte ;

disappeared years ago and has not been since heard of.
Sinclair, John : Now a farmer in Whitby Township.
Smith, Francis, Zone ; Smith, Rachael Ann, Louth ; Smith, William Wakefield

Toronto ; Smith, Mary Catharine, Louth Township.
Sullivan, Dion Cornelius : Taught some years ; took the degree of LL.B. in the

University of Toronto in 1808 ; spent some time in journalistic work in Walker-
ton, Bruce County ; taught subsequently in Brantford ; now deceased.
Tasker, James ; Taught in Wellington and Halton Counties ; conducted a business

college in Montreal from I860 till 1881 ; has ever since been actively and

prominently engaged in financial business in that city.
Topping, William : Taught in Gait Grammar and Public Schools ; was for a time

editor and patt proprietor of the Gait Reformer ; taught foi three years in

Brant County, and was for twenty -five years private secretary for Goldie &

McCulloch, Gait, where he still resides.
Wark, Alexander : Taught for some time in Peel County, and afterwards for three

years in Enniskillen, in Lambton ; has taught ever since in Sarnia, where he

has been Principal of the County Model School since 1877.
White, William Henry : Taught some years ; became Assessor and Collector of

Raleiyh Township in Kent ; was killed in a railway accident at Charing Cross

in 1894.

Willson, Benjamin Franklin, Wainfleet.
Winlaw, Isabella, Hamilton : Now deceased.
Wright, Fannie Mary, Toronto.

TWENTY-SECOND SESSION.

(August, 1859 December, 1859.)

Armstrong, Annie L. : Taught in Toronto Public Schools till 1882 ; has been ever
since Principal of the Protestant Orphans Home School, in the same city.

Armstrong, Helen, Hamilton.

136

Ball, Martin Edward, Grant ham.

Beer, William Charles : Taught in Durham County for three or four years ; entered
the Bible Christian ministry, and has ever since been engaged in that calling ;
since 1884 he has been a Methodist Clergyman ; is at present in Button, Ont.

Brown, Elizabeth Jeffrey : Taught in Huron County some years ; married Mr. D.
Mclaughlin in 1865 ; she still lives near Seaforth.

Carnochan, Janet : Taught till 1 866 in Brantf ord and Kingston ; was Principal of
the Niagara-on-the-Lake Public School till 1872, and has ever since been assist
ant in the High School in the same town ; has for many years past given much
attention to the History of Ontario, and especially of the Niagara Peninsula,
and has written many monographs on the subject.

Carroll, Charlotte Jane, Oakville : Now deceased.

Chaisgreen, Charles : Taught in different parts of Ontario till 1883, seven years of
that time assistant master in the Brantford Central School ; was in business in
St. Thomas from 1883 to 1893 ; taught in Parry Sound till 1897 ; now
retired, living in St. Thomas.

Childs, Sarah Elizabeth : Married ; resides in London, Ontario.

Chambers, Mary, Toronto.

Charlton, Mary Ellen, South Dumfries : Now Mrs. (Rev.)J. Donald, California,
U.S.A.

Clare, Samuel : Taught in Waterloo County, and afterwards in Port Hope and
Cobourg ; was Commercial and Writing Master in the Provincial Model and
. Normal Schools from 1867 to 1884 ; now retired and living in Toronto.

Clark, Maria Chapman, Toronto ; Clarke, William Andrew, King ; Collar, Eliza,
Hamilton.

Collins, Joseph Jonathan : Taught for ten years ; is now engaged in farming and
fruit growing near St. Catharines.

Cranfield, Richard E. : Taught in Hamilton till 1875, first in the Central School,
and afterwards in the Collegiate Institute.

Duncan, Alice : Taught for several years ; married ; went to the Southern States.

Fitchett, David : Died many years ago at Marmora, Hastings.

Fleming, Robert McMillan : Taught in Port Hope ; went into the legal profession ;
practised in Toronto ; was accidentally killed.

Fraser, Catharine, York.

Freeland, Henrietta : Married Mr. J. H. Thompson of the Printing Bureau, Ottawa.

Granger, Mary Jane : Married Mr. T. W. Charlton of St. George, Ontario.

Greenlees, Andrew : Graduated in Arts in Toronto University in 1866 ; entered
the legal profession ; has practised for many years in London, Ontario.

Haight, George Lester, Brantford ; Hall, Agnes, Toronto ; Harris, Fanny Jane,
Toronto ; Henderson, Elizabeth, Brampton.

Jackson, Donald : Entered the medical profession, and went to Texas, U.S.A.

Jackson, Duncan, Eldon : Now deceased.

Keam, Peter, Cobourg ; Kennedy, John, Southampton.

Leggett, Joseph : Taught as Assistant Master in Whitby High School, and after
wards as Head Master of Oakville High School ; is now a lawyer in San Fran
cisco.

McHale, John : Resides at Lakeport in Northumberland.

McKellar John Archibald : Taught several years, part of the time as Head Master

of the St. Mary s Public School ; was killed in a railway accident at Komoka.
McLean, Peter, Cobourg.

McLean, Archibald : Entered the Presbyterian ministry ; now resides at Blyth,
Huron County.

McNabb, John : Taught two years in Victoria County ; entered the Presbyterian
ministry in 1867 ; was missionary to the Red River District from 1869 to 1874,
and pastor at Beaverton from 1874 to 1882 ; now resides at Lucknow, and is
Clerk of the Maitland Presbytery.

137

Malloch, Donald McGregor : Taught various Public Schools, and was Principal of
the Clinton Public School when he was appointed, in 1884, Inspector of East
Huron, which position he held till his death in 1890.

Messmore, Alexander, Blenheim ; Munn, John, Erin.

Paterson, Elizabeth C., Streetsville.

Platt, George Albert : Taught a number of years in Ontario ; is now teaching in
Manitoba.

Platt, John Milton : Taught for some time ; entered the medical profession, and
has ever since practised in Picton ; represented Prince Edward County for two
terms in the Canadian House of Commons.

Rattray, Jessie Sophia, Cornwall.

Ridgway, Robert : Was for some time engaged in the publishing business in
Toronto.

Robertson, Margaret, Hamilton ; Robinson, Grace, Toronto.

Scarlett, Catherine, Toronto ; Shurtleff, Mary Jane, Whitby.

Sparrow, Caroline, Gait : Died in 1888.

Vanalstine, William H., Prince Edward : Died in California.

Wilcox, Richard Jefferson, S. Dumfries : Entered the medical profession ; now de
ceased.

TWENTY-THIRD SESSION.

(January, 1860 June, 1860.)

Anderson, William : Taught for some time ; studied Medicine.
Barefoot, Isaac : An Indian from the Mohawk Reserve ; became an Anglican Mis
sionary and Inspector of the Six Nation Schools in Brant County.
Bedell, Sarah Melantha : Taught for several years in Wentworth ; married Mr.

Alexander McDougall, and went to the North- West.
Beth ell, Dorinda Graham : Taught for some time ; married Mr. Geo. H. Stewart ;

resides in Winnipeg.
Bourke, Barbara Anne, Toronto.
Brierly, Charles : Became a Baptist Minister ; was killed at Notfield, Glengarry,

by a fall from his horse.
Auckland, Henry, W. Zorra.
Cannon, George, Marysburgh ; Chisholm, William, Brant ; Corrigan, Augusta

Margaret, London ; Coulter, Margaret, Toronto.
Craig, George : Taught three years ; entered mercantile life , and after some years

started his present prosperous business in North Gower, Carleton County.
Craigmile, Elizabeth Wilson, Hamilton ; Cummins, Margaret, Toronto ; Cuth-

bertson, Edward Greer, Toronto.
Dunn, Hannah Olivia : Has taught continuously in the Toronto Public Schools

since 1864.

Farewell, George McGill : Taught at Raglan, Walkerville and other places ; became
an M.D. ; practised until recently in Oshawa.

Farquharson, Georgiana, Whitby.

Fleming, William : Taught near Owen Sound till disabled by ill-health in 1864 ;
resumed teaching in 186S, and taught in Scarboro and Markham till 1881,
when he went into business in Markham Village, where he still resides ; he has
filled various local public offices, has been an earnest promoter of education,
and is widely known as a champion Checker player.

Ford, Julia Cadman, Newmarket ; Foster, Mary Louisa, Toronto.

Fotheringham, Andrew Thomson : Now a Presbyterian minister in Blanshard,

Perth County.

Fraser, Charlotte, Yorkville.
Goodfellow, Elizabeth, Brantford ; Gowanlock, Janet Kidd, S. Easthope.

138

Grece, Martha Zeiiobia : Taught almost continuously in Middlesex County till her
i.iarriage, in 1874, to Mr. William Booth ; now resides near Belmont.

Gunn, Jane : Taught in Woodstock, and is still teaching in the Toronto Public
Schools.

Hammond, William, Elma.

Hay, Angus Cameron : Taught in Cornwall ; went to California, was elected to the
Senate of that State ; returned to Cornwall and died there.

Healey, Michael, Asphodel.

Hendershott, Melissa Frances : Taught for a few years ; married a Methodist
minister and went to Michigan.

Hill, Alfred : Taught for some yeais ; is now a merchant and farmer at Bear Brook
in Russell County ; has filled various municipal positions.

Hitl, Charlotte Mary : Married Dr. J. Smith; now deceased.

Hippie, Jacob : Taught many years in rural sections in Lincoln, and also in St.
Catharines Collegiate Institute ; retired in 1893 ; died in 1895.

Keffer, Thomas Dixon, Vaughan.

Kiernan, Thomas : Taught in Sarnia ; now a physician.

Lloyd, Eliza Jane, Toronto.

McAllan, Annie : Married Mr. William G. Dow of Whitby, and went to Manitoba.

McCamus, William : Taught in Fairmont, Ashburnham, and Glanford ; became a
physician in 1869 ; practised Medicine twenty years at Bobcaygeon ; is now a
druggist in the same place.

McFarlane, Laughlin : Studied Medicine, graduating hi the University of Toronto
in 1867 ; was for many years a member of the teaching staff of Toronto Medi
cal School, and, when it became affiliated with the University of Toronto,
he was appointed one of the professors of Surgery, and remained so till his
recent death.

McGregor, Robert Campbell : Taught for some time in Osgoode and in Cornwall ;
resides on a farm near Sandringham, Stormont.

McKay, Hugh M., E. Zorra.

McLennan, Margaret, Cornwall : Now deceased.

McMillan, Malcolm Cameron, Yarmouth.

McMillan, Susan Maria : Taught a few years in the Township of St. Vincent ; mar
ried Mr. Hiram Brown, a teacher ; now resides at Wiarton in Bruce.

McRae, Alexander, Kincardine.

Margach, John Lewis : Taught in Ontario County and in Brockville ; is now in
business.

Moore, Charles Boyle, Goderich.

Millard, Alice Gay : Taught ten years in Bowmanville Public School, three years in
the Methodist College at Stanstead, Que. , and a number of years in the Indian
mission schools at Hiawatha and Alderville in Northumberland, and the one on
Walpole Island in the St. Clair ; retired from the profession two years ago.

Mullin, Sarah, Dumfries : Taught for many years in Brant County.

Mulloy, Nelson : Taught for a short time ; entered the medical profession, gradua
ting in 1866 ; has practised at Preston, Waterloo, ever since.

Murray, John : Entered the Presbyterian ministry ; now and for many years past,
pastor of a congregation in the Town of Kincardine.

Mutton, Ebenezer, Toronto.

Richardson, James : Taught for a time ; entered the Methodist ministry ; on
account of failing health turned to farming ; taught some time in Wisconsin ;
became a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church ; now deceased.

Rogers. Ellen, Toronto ; Rouse, William Hiram, Whitby ; Russell, Mary Jane,
Stamford.

139

Sanders, Harriett Louisa, Barrie ; Scollon, John, Toronto ; Shepherd, Anne Eliza,
Port Hope ; Shepherd, Mary Elizabeth, Port Hope ; Sinclair, John,
Blanshard.

Sing, Samuel : Taught seven years; entered the Methodist ministry in 1867 ; is
still on circuit.

Stewart, Annie : Went to Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Stewart, Thomas, Toronto.

Thompson, Alexander, Ross.

Treadgold, George : Taught many years in Peel and York ; retired about 1881 ;
died at Beeton in 1896.

Umney, Lilly : Married Mr. Leadley ; taught in Toronto Public Schools from 1872
till her resignation in 1888.

Walker, Thaddeus, Toronto.

Whiteside, Jacob Lemon : Practised Law in Lindsay from 1876 to 1879 ; was Stipen
diary Magistrate of Haliburton for three years ; was four years a Clerk of the
Queen s Bench at Osgoode Hall ; died in 1886.

Wilson, George, Mosa.

Wright, Meade Nisbett : Taught twenty-five years in various parts of Middlesex ;
superannuated in 1886 ; resides now at Thorndale ; is Treasurer of W. Nissouri
Township.

Yeats, Elizabeth : Taught in Dundas and Woodstock ; now deceased.

TWENTY-FOURTH SESSION.

(August, 1860 December, 1860.)

Andrew. Archibald : Taught eighteen years ; retired in 1879 ; resides at Skead s

Mills, near Ottawa.
Beckett, Emma : Taught six years at Holland Landing ; married Mr. Allen ; now

resides in Toronto.
Bell, Robert : Taught in Chatham ; was one of the founders of the Bell Organ

Company in Guelph ; resides in California, where he has a large fruit farm.
Beattie, Grace Shepherd, Toronto ; Beattie, Jeremiah, Westminster ; Bishop,

Maria Agnes, Woodstock ; Blanchard, Samuel Gray, Percy.
Bolton, Jesse Nunn : Taught two years in Peel County ; went into land surveying,

and practised in Grey and Simcoe ; after a brief return to teaching, went into

business in Bolton village in 1870 ; moved to Toronto in 1892 and still resides

there.

Clement, William, Rawdon ; Cummings, May Elizabeth, Toronto.
Davidson, Archibald, Dalhousie.

De St. Remy, Harriet Annie Angelique le Lievre ; Taught in Woodstock till 1864;
married Mr. James Beard of that place ; resides in Kingston.

Dean, Andrew Daniel, Dereham.

Emery, Marion, Toronto.

Gerrie, James, Ancaster.

Glashan, John C. : Taught in the Provincial Model School from 1864 to 1867 ; was
Inspector of Public Schools in West Middlesex ; is now Public School Inspector
for the City of Ottawa ; has at various times been a member of the Central
Committee of Examiners ; is the author of a number of works on Mathematics.

Graham, Charles, E. Gwillimbury ; Now deceased.

Graham, John, Toronto ; Graham, Mary Caroline, E. Flamboro ; Griffin, Ellen,

Dumfries.

Hanlon, Ellen Victoria, Hamilton.
Hanly, John : Taught till 1867 ; entered the medical profession and practised at

different places, being at Waubaushene from 1871 to 1896 ; now living retired at

Midland.

140

Hills, Isabel, Hamilton ; Hocking, William Francis, Brantford.

Johnston, John : Taught from 1857 to 1871 ; was appointed in the latter year

Inspector for South Hastings, and in 1873 for Belleville ; these positions he

still holds.
Jones, Ann Elizabeth : Taught some years in York County ; married Mr. Robert

Lackey of Toronto.
Keddy, John : Taught for some time ; kept a sheep ranch on San Juan Island near

Vancouver ; is now a merchant in Brando , Manitoba.
Kermott, Charles, Newmarket.
Kerr, Marion : Taught in Toronto from 1862 to 1867, and again from 1882 to the

present time ; now Mrs. McGregor.
Kiernan, William M. : Taught several years ; superannuated ; now farming at

Mansfield.
Lusk, Charles Horace : Taught Public School for a few years ; taught in the

Provincial Model School, Toronto, from Aug., 1864, till Feb., 1867 ; graduated

in Medicine in Victoria University in 1867 ; has been for many years Assistant

Master in the Oakville High School.
McCarthy, Catherine, Toronto ; McDougall, Duncan, Erin ; McGrath, Patrick,

Mono.

Moffatt, Susan Wait, Orillia.
Morrison, Adam : Taught in York County till 1864 ; spent six years teaching in

the Sherbrooke Academy, and in gold mining ; taught four years in Peel and

York, and has been on the Toronto Public School staff since 1875.
Pollock, Jane : Married ; resides in Bowmanville.
Reed, Georgina : Taught private school for a time ; married Mr. W. H. Riches in

1867 ; began teaching in Toronto in 1874 ; is now Principal of Sackville Street

Public School, Toronto.

Rogers, George : Taught a few years ; became a Methodist minister.
Smith, Jenny, Dumfries ; Smith, Sarah Anne, Chinguacousy.
Switzer, Parmenio Alvan : Taught in Cobourg ; graduated in Victoria University

in 187*! ; taught in the Oakville High School and in Elora ; became Public

School Inspector of the District of Algoma ; died about 1882.
Turner, Elizabeth Ann, Toronto.
Vallance, Margaret : Taught for a short time in Wentworth ; married Thomas

Wardlaw Taylor, then of Toronto, now Sir Thomas Taylor, Chief Justice of

Manitoba ; resides at Winnipeg.

Wickson, Emma : Taught for some years in York County ; married Mr. Miatt, of
Buffalo, N. Y., and lived there till her death.

Wood, Mercy, Westminster.

Young, Egerton Ryerson : Taught two years in Madoc ; entered the ministry of the
Methodist church ; was missionary for five years among the Indians at Norway
House in the North-West Territory, and in 1874 began a similar mission at
Beren s River ; returned after a few years more to Ontario, and has since given
up much of his time to lecturing in Canada, United States and Great Britain on
behalf of Indian missions ; lives in Toronto.

Young, William Howie : Became an undertaker ; was at one time Mayor of Oak
ville, where he still resides.

TWENTY-FIFTH SESSION.

(January, 1861 June, 1861.)
Armitage, Margaret, Toronto.

Brown, Alick Howard : Taught Public School for several years ; spent some time

in the foundry business ; went to California and died there.
Burk, Ada : Now Mrs. N. H. Stevens, Chatham, Ontario.
Chisholm, James, Chinguacousy ; Christie, Augusta, Toronto.

141

Christie, Caroline : Taught near Port Hope ; died in Australia.
Crawford, Agnes : Teaching Elocution in New York.
Cruickshank, Margaret F., Toronto ; Cumming, Margaret. Owen Sound.
Devlin, John, Whitchurch.

Duck, Mary Jane : Taught in St. Catharines ; married ; died about sixteen years
ago.

Dunseith, David, Blanshard.

Easton, Robert : Taught five years, and then retired from the teaching profession
on account of his health ; is now living in Toronto.

Elliott, John Charles : Taught continuously till his superannuation, the last ten
years in St. George, County of Brant, where he still resides ; during this long
period he taught in Puslinch. Paisley, Mount Forest, Fenelon Falls, Bath, and
Cannington, before going to St. George.

Gott, Benjamin : Taught eight years ; commenced the practice of Horticulture near
Arkona, in Lambton County ; followed this pursuit continuously till 1893,
when he retired, and took up his residence in Strathroy, where he still lives.

Graham, Adelaide, Walpole.

Groat, Stillman P. : Taught Public Schools for a few years ; was appointed Inspector
for East Middlesex in 1871 ; resigned to devote himself to journalism ; after
wards went to the United States.

Hammond , Joseph : Taught some years in the Township of Arran ; became a Bap
tist minister, and is now preaching near Boston, U. S. A.

Harper, Wm., Whitby.

Henderson, David : Taught for a time ; is now a merchant and banker in Acton ;
has represented Halton for some years in the Canadian House of Commons.

Howland, Francis Lamb : Entered the medical profession in 1867 ; lives at Hunts-
ville, Musk oka.

Hyde, Levi Thaddeus : After teaching for a time, went west to farm.

Jackson, Henry H., N. Dorchester ; Johnston, Arthur, Caledon.

Laidlaw, Janet : Taught for many years in the Dundas Public Schools ; now lives
retired in the same town.

Laird, Jane, Harwich ; Lanton, Kate Simpson, Peterboro .

Lloyd, David : Taught till 1870 ; retired to take a position in the North York Regis
try Office ; was appointed Division Court Clerk in 18H3, and still holds that
office ; is also Clerk and Treasurer of Newmarket, and Treasurer of the Public
School Board there.

Love, Mary Ann : Taught till 1865 ; married Mr. Carrier ; resides at Woodstock,
Ontario.

McCully, Robert : Taught several years ; was for some time in business ; is now an
Accountant in St. Thomas.

McDonald, Robert, W. Zorra.

McDougall, Elizabeth: Taught a short time in Kenyon Township ; married Rev. John
Keone ; died in 1868.

McKellar, Catherine : Married Mr. Alexander McArthur of Westminster in Middle
sex County ; her present residence is London.

McLennan, Andrew : Taught in the County of Glengarry ; now resides in Ottawa.

McShea, Royal : Taught several years in the County of Huron ; entered the medi
cal profession, and is now practising in the United States.

Marshall, Agnes, Stratford ; Muir, Agnes Eliza, Grimsby ; Muir, Orpha, Grimsby.

Murdoch, Andrew, M. A., LL. D. : Taught two years, then prepared for an Arts
course which he completed in Toronto University in 186* ; entered the Baptist
Ministry, and filled various pastorates in the United States and Canada ; has
charge at present of a congregation in Waterford, Ontario.

Murray, David L., W. Zorra.

142

Neilson, William : Taught several years ; went to Cleveland, Ohio, where he is still

engaged in business.
Owen, John : Taught for a time ; became a photographer in Stratford and Detroit ;

died some years ago.
Owen, William Jerrold, Downie.
Parrott, Amanda, Ernestown.

Perry, Robert S. : Teaching and farming near Drayton,
Raney, William, Whitchurch.
Reid, George, Erin : Now farming.

Rowland, Fleming : After teaching for a time, chiefly in Kingston Grammar School,
was appointed Collector of Inland Revenue at Kingston, which office he has
held for twenty-two years.
Bundle, Richard Folly, Darlington.

Smith, Joseph Henry : Taught Public Schools in Huron and Wentworth ; spent
some time in the lumber business ; resumed teaching in Halton ; was appointed
Inspector of Public Schools for Wentworth in 1871, and this position he still
holds ; is the author of a history of Wentworth County.
Starratt, Hannah, Chinguacousy.

Suddaby, Jeremiah : Taught six years in Leeds, and the remainder of the interval
to 1877 in various schools in Waterloo County, including Gait Central School ;
in that year he became the first Principal of the County Model School in
Berlin, which position he still holds.

Taylor, Henry G., : Left the profession in 1865 ; now in business in Wyoming.
Turnbull, Jessie : Taught three years in Brantford Central School ; was appointed
second teacher in the Girls Model School at Toronto, in 1865, and held the
position for three years until she retired to marry Mr. D McEwen ; has since
lived in Toronto, Montreal, and Cornwall, and is now living on a farm near
Brandon, Manitoba ; has always been active in promoting movements for the
improvement of the position of woman in society.
Unsworth, Anna H., Guelph : Now married.
Vardon, Anthony D., W. Oxford.

Vining. Eusebia B., : Taught in Fergus from 1862 to 1871, and afterwards near
Thorndale ; married in 1873 the Rev. D. Oliphant ; resumed teaching in 1879,
and has ever since taught in London, Ontario.

Winans, William Henry : Entered the Methodist ministry ; died about 1866.
Woodward, George W., : Taught in Elmira, Waterloo County ; entered the Inland
Revenue Service twenty years ago ; lives in Waterloo.

TWENTY=SIXTH SESSION.

(August, 1861 December, 1861.)

Bancroft, Asa M., W. Hawkesbury ; Bartlett, Wm. Edward, Percy.

Beaton, Harriet : Taught on Long Island and in Pittsburgh Township, both near
Kingston ; married Mr. William Vanhorn in 1867, and still lives on a farm
near her last school.

Bethell, Maria : Never taught ; resides in Toronto.

Boddy, Sophia Louisa : Taught continuously in Toronto from 1865 to 1873 ; mar
ried Mr. Henry Lowry of Lockport, 111. ; now deceased.

Bruce, William Fraser, Thorah : Now deceased.

Brundage, Candace, Toronto.

Buik, Margaret : Taught many years in the Toronto Public Schools ; now retired

and living in London, England.
Bull, Corey, Hallowell : Now deceased.
Cherry, William : Studied Medicine ; settled in Cleveland, Ohio.

143

Clark, Annie : Has taught continuously in the Toronto Public Schools since 1863 ;

now Mrs. Carey.

Clark, Sarah Haley, Toronto ; Collar, Leonora, Toronto.
Cork, George : Has taught continuously to the present time, in Prince Edward,

Lincoln, Wellaiid and Waterloo Counties, has been Principal of the Central

School in Waterloo Town for ten years.

Dean, Sarah Jarie Cavan ; Dewart, Samuel H., Dummer.

Evans, Robert : Now practising Medicine in Dakota, U.S.A.

Fletcher, William, E. Gwillimbury.

Flynn, Daniel : Taught in York County till 1883 ; is now Inspector of Weights and
Measures in Toronto.

Fraser, Alexander : Now superannuated ; resides at Campbellville, Halton County.

Gibson, Rachel, London ; Greer, Mary Anne, Kingston.

Guthrie, Grace : Married Mr. Wm. MacLeod of Woodstock.

Hardie, Ellen, Warwick ; Hemenway, Sinia Amanda, Kemptville.

Hicks, David : Taught various Public Schools in Prince Edward and Hastings
Counties till 1868 ; taught as assistant in the Colborne High School, 1876 ;
completed his Arts course in Toronto University in 1881 ; has since been Head
Master, successively, of the fligh Schools in. Newburgh, Beamsville, Vienna
and Port Dover, where he still teaches.

Holmes, Robert, Kitley ; Homer, Esther Anne, Brockville.

Hughes, Amos J. : Taught Public School for two years ; went into farming in East
Gwillimbuiy Township, of which he has been Reeve, and is still Clerk and
Treasurer ; resides at Sharon.

Hughes, James Henderson : Taught Public School for two years ; took an Arts
course in Toronto University, graduating in 1869 ; was Principal of Markham
High School for some years ; went into business ; died in 1892.

Jeflers. Emma, Toronto.

Kane, Mary Ann, Toronto.

Kidd, Alexander Brown, Dummer : Now deceased.

Knowlson, Mary I., Cavan.

McColl, Hugh : Taught till 1868 ; went into journalism, and followed that calling
for seven years in Strathroy ; was appointed Postmaster of that town in 1875,
and still fills the position ; has always taken an active interest in education.

McEachreu. James, Toronto.

McDiarmid, Donald, Beckwith : Now deceased.

McDonald, Duncan Forbes, Lobo.

McDougall, Catherine: Taught in the Public Schools of Glengarry for several years ;
married Mr. John W. Kennedy ; lives near Apple Hill, Ontario.

McGregor, Charles, Caledon ; McHardy, Norman, Colborne.

Mclntyre, Duncan J. : Taught two years ; began to prepare for the study of Law,
and was called to the bar in 1871 ; has since practised in Lindsay, of which he
has been Police Magistrate since 1892 ; represented South Victoria in the
Ontario Legislative Assembly from 1883 to 1886 ; resides in Lindsay.

McKay, Archibald, Brock.

MacPherson, Crawford : Has taught continuously since 1861, with the exception of
an interval of three years in business ; has been Principal of the Public Schools
in Durham and Harriston, assistant master in the Elora High School, and Prin
cipal for sixteen years of the Public and Model Schools in Prescott, Grenville
County, where he still lives.

Maloy, Hiram : Taught for some time near Mount Albert ; was for a time License
Inspector of North York.

Moran, John M. : Taught several years ; was appointed Inspector for South Perth ;
resigned to go into journalism ; taught for a time in Barrie ; went to Kansas,
U. S.A.; now deceased.

144

Meech, Thomas English, Oxford.

Nash, Charles Walter, Pijkering.

Nichols, Wilmofc. M. : Took a University Arts course ; became Public School In
spector for West Kent ; died in 1894.

Nicholson, Thomas : Went to Vancouver Island in 1862 ; taught there, and in
Oregon and California until 1879; engaged in mercantile business for nine
years in Victoria ; taught again for eight years, and still resides there.

O Flaherty, Edith, Toronto.

O Neill, Margaret : Taught Roman Catholic Separate School in Hamilton for two
years ; entered the Community of Loretto, and has been teaching under its
auspices ever since ; her work foi the last fifteen years has been preparing can
didates for the Departmental Examinations.

Parkhurst, Etta C., Bowmanville.

Reeves, Mary Maria : Taught in a private school in Toronto till 1865 ; continued
teaching in Woodstock till 1867 ; married Mr. Ross.

Rogers, Jessie : Taught for a time in Toronto.

Ross, John Cameron, Toronto.

Saunders, Matilda J. : Taught six years in Pickering and Mark ham Townships ;
married Mr. John Millard, after whose death she resumed teaching, and has
continued the work till the present time, the last nine years in Orillia.

Scott, James G. : Taught in Lambton and Huron Counties for some time ; entered
the medical profession, and commenced practice at Bluev*le in 1870 ; three
years afterwards went to Seaforth, where he still follows his professional
calling.

Sinclair, James C. : Taught for two years in Cayuga ; took a partial course in
Toronto University ; taught eleven years in Stratford ; resides on his farm near
Guelph.

Smith, Abram, N. Easthope ; Smith, Sarah, Toronto.

Theal, Nelson, Grantham.

Thetford, William Henry : Taught Public Schools in Grenville, Bruce and W r elliug-
ton Counties ; went into business, but has since taught for a time in Manitoba ;
now resides in Toronto.

Troy, William Dennis, Brantford.

Vance, William : Taught in Bobcaygeon, Mount Pleasant and Millbrook till 1879 :
carried on mercantile business in the last named place till 1893 ; is Post
master of Millbrook.

Van Slyke, George W. : Taught in London and in the Hamilton Collegiate Institute ;
was afterwards Principal of the Woodstock Public and M del Schools ; went
into the medical profession, and now practises in Detroit, Michigan.

Warburton, William : Taught continuously till 1880 ; retired on account of failing
health ; resides in Hamilton.

Willis, Robert : Taught many years, for some time past in Whitby ; now super
annuated, and living in that town.

Wilson, Hercules, Richmond; Wood, Benjamin Wills, Mann, Quebec; Wooding-
ton, Minnie, Toronto.

TWENTY-SEVENTH SESSION.

(January, 1862 June, 1862.)

Acres, Jane, Wentworth.

Allan, Absalom Shade : Taught two years and then went into business, first as an
Accountant in Elora and afterwards as general merchant in Clifford, where he
has resided since 1868 ; has filled various municipal offices, and represented
West Wellington in the Ontario Legislative Assembly from 18s6 t &gt; 1893.

Anderson, John : Taught in Peel County.

Anker, Mary Ann : Now Mrs. Goldman of Toronto.

145

Armstrong, Mary E. : Teaches in one of the Hamilton Public Schools.

Bates, Mary Jane : Taught for twenty-three years, the last six in Brantford Central

School, from which she retired on account of ill health in 1887 ; has since

resided in Prince Albert.

Boake, Sarah Anne, Toronto ; Boldrick, Richard Henry, Hastings ; Brown, Sophia
Georgina, Perth.

Buchan, Mary : Now Mrs. "William Francis of Mitchell, Ontario.

Campbell, Mary, Kent.

Campbell, John Munro : Entered the medical profession ; practised for a time at

Seaforth, Huron County ; now resides in Brooklyn, New York.
Davis, Ruth, Caileton.

Green, Philip : Taught many years in Weiitworth, Waterloo and Brant ; has become
a farmer and cheese manufacturer at Sheffield, Wentworth County.

Greene, Martha, Wentworth ; Griffin, Walter, Durham.

Halls, Samuel Pollard : Taught a rural school in Huron County for several years ;
was Science Master in the Goderich High School from 1870 to 1892 ; has been
since 1895 Principal of the Goderich Public and Model Schools.

Henderson, Isabella P., Wentworth.

Henning, Amelia : Taught in one of the Toronto Public Schools from 1864 to 1870
inclusive ; now Mrs. A. H. Welch ; resides in Toronto.

Hilliard, Thomas : Taught till 1866 ; followed journalism as an occupation till
1886 : has since that time been engaged in the business of insurance ; has been
since 1876 P. S. Inspector for the Town of Waterloo, where he resides.

Hunt, Robert : Taught for some time ; went into the medical profession ; deceased.

Hutchison, William, Quebec.

Kennedy, Eliza Jane, Lincoln ; Kenny, Elizabeth, Wentworth.

Langdon, John : Taught for many years at Prince Albert in Ontario County ; is
still teaching in the County of Victoria.

Ley, Theresa Georgiana, Toronto.

Lloyd, Agnes : Taught ten years in Ontario ; married Mr. F. W. Holtzhausen, a
Baptist minister ; has resided for the past ten years at Marquette, Michigan.

Lundy, Sarah, Peel.

McCausland, Robert : Taught for many years in Toronto ; died in 1897.

McCausland, William J. : Became a Physician ; died some years ago in Pennsyl
vania.

McTntosh, Angus, Glengarry.

McLaren, Alexander : Taught in Carleton and Haltori Counties, and from 1870 to
1876 in Toronto ; entered the medical profession ; practised for a time at
Delaware, Middlesex, but is now in London.

McPherscn, Finlay ; Became an Accountant in Chicago.

McPherson, Moses M. : Graduated in Arts in Victoria University in 1869 ; was for
many years Head Master of the Prescott High School ; recently retired.

Maybee, Euphemia A., Northumberland ; Metcalf, Hiram, Prescott.

Millar, John : See Biographical Sketches.

Miller, John R. : After teaching for some time was appointed in 1871 Public

School Inspector for West Huron ; retired to enter the legal profession, and

practised for some years in Toronto ; died in 1896.
Monkman, James Matthias : Taught continuously for twenty-three years ; has been,

since his retirement in 1*85, clerk of Arrari Township, Bruce ; resides at

Ark wright.
Morrison, Margaret Ellen, Lambton ; Morton, John Brown, Hastings ; Munson,

Charles Francis, Durham.
O Grady, Patrick John, Lanark.

146

Powers, Henry A. : Taught almost continuously for twenty-one years ; now fann
ing in London Township ; resides near Maple Grove.
Richardson, Isabella: Taught for two years at Keswick, York Coucty; married Mr.

A. Barber, who is now Principal of the Brampton County Model School.
Roberts, Sarah Ann, Hastings ; Robinson, Annie, Middlesex.
Summerss, George, Middlesex.
Schmidt, John Henry : Taught for several years ; has published since 187?, in

Stratford, the Kolonist, a German Newspaper.
Sullivan, Daniel : Taught three years in Peel County, and has ever since been

engaged in mercantile business in Brant Township, Bruce ; has held various

local public offices ; lives at Elmwood.
Tapscott, Samuel : Taught two years in Peterboro ; went into the drug business,

and has continued at it in Brantford for thirty years.
Taylor, Walter : Taught in Peel County for several years ; is now in business in

the Village of Bolton.
Taylor, Susannah, Durham ; Thompson, Charles, Welland ; Thomson, Matthew,

York.
Treadgold, Manton : Taught one year in Weston High School, and ten in a Public

School ; went into business in Brampton, where he still resides.
Wager, Reuben Lewis : Is now a Methodist Minister in the United Slates.
Ward, James Henry, Northumberland.
Welsh, John : Taught in the Township of Dover from 18fi4 till 1870 ; was engaged

in mercantile business from 1870 till 1876 ; resumed teaching ; retired in 1892 ;

has been Township Clerk for the past twenty-two years.
Williams, Eliza Ann, Toronto ; Wilson. William, Durham.
Wilson, Edward Sutton : Taught school a number of years ; graduated in Medicine

in 1880 ; practised in Bobcaygeon, Feiielon Falls and Lindsay, is now practis
ing in Buffalo, New York.

TWENTY-EIGHTH SE5SION.

(August, 1802 December, 1862.)

Adams, Agnes Maria : Taught at Acton ; married a merchant.

Bruce, King : Taught in Kent rural schools till 1877 ; went into business ; resides
in Chatham ; is about to resume teaching.

Cole Lucinda A., Simcoe ; Corbett, Richard. Simcoe ; Crawford, Margaret, Ham
ilton.

Crane, George Toronto : Has taught in the Toronto Public Schools for twenty-two
years ; is now Principal of Lansdowne School.

Dodson, Richard Elisha : Taught in Tilbury West ; is now farming near Comber,
Essex County.

Ewing, John, Richmond, Quebec.

Fansher, Lucretia, Lambton ; Ferrell, Kate Walker, Toronto.

Foreman, Fanny : Taught in Etobicoke till 1868 ; married Mr. C. Webb.

Fowler, Henry, Northumberland ; French, Sarah Toms, Paris, Brant.

Giffin, Willard Morse : Taught nineteen years in Lambton ; became a merchant
in St. Thomas ; resides now in Sarnia.

Gillin, Catharine, Brantford ; Gillin, Ellen, Brantford; Gillin, Margaret J Brant-
ford.

Graham, Dugald, Peterboro : Graduated B.C.L., McGill University, Montreal ;
became a successful merchant ; deceased.

Grant, Elizabeth : Taught many years resides in Lancaster, Ontario.

Greenlees, Margaret : Taught several years in Toronto Schools, and in 1873 married
Mr. Samuel Crane ; died in 1890.

147

Hardie, Robert, Victoria.

Henderson, Margaret A., : Taught for several years in the Hamilton Public Schools ;
married, and now resides in Toronto.

Henry, Rebecca : Teaching in one of the Hamilton Public Schools.

Hill, John Neilson, Lennox.

James, Lucy, Peel ; Johnson, Frances, Brock ville.

Keam, Reuben, Northumberland.

Kessack, Elizabeth : Taught in London and Strathroy ; is now teaching in Toronto.

Lanton, Annie, Bath ; Lawson, George Dudley, Norfolk.

McDonald, James, Carleton.

McGrath, John : Taught for a short time in Kingston ; now deceased.

MacPherson, Archibald, Waterloo : Taught in Wellington and the Town of Gait
for many years , deceased.

Martin, John : Now an Actuary in Toronto.

Morris, John George, Ontario ; Muirhead, Maggie, Oxford ; Mulcahy, Mary,
Toronto.

Gates, Isabella A., : Taught for three years in York County ; has taught in Toronto
Public Schools since 1884.

Pepper, John : Taught a short time, and then took an Arts course in Toronto Uni
versity, graduating in 1868 ; was Head Muster of Oakville Hiyh and Public
Schools for two years ; became a Methodist Minister, and is still on circuit.

Poole, Edward : Taught in both Public and High Schools ; is now practising Law.

Powell. Francis Cox : Taught in Thornbury, Southampton, and Port Elgin, till
1877 ; was appointed the first Piincipal of the Kincardine County Model School,
and still fills the position.

Rose, Amos William, Peel.

Ruby, Daniel Christian : Practised Law in Texas for over thirty years ; died in
1896.

Sandeison, Robeit : Has taught, with intervals of cessation, from 1863 to the pre
sent time, in a considerable variety of schools, among them the Draytoii
Public Schools, the Mount Forest High School, the Sutton West Village School,
the Harriston Public School, and the Orangevillc High School ; now resides at
Grand Valley.

Sinclair Anus : Graduated in Arts in Toronto University in 1870 ; was for many
years Head Master of Windsor High School ; retired, and lives in Toronto.

Sinclair, Jane, St Mary s ; Stevenson, Ruth Badelia, Brockville ; Stewart, Isabella
Nesbitt, Cayuga.

Trenholme, Clarissa Jane, Toronto ; Turney, Melissa, Newcastle.
Wiggins, Henry, Simcoe ; Wilkinson, Hannah, Toronto.
York, Frederick E., Carleton.

TWENTY-NINTH SESSION.

(January, 1863 June, 1863.)
Allen, Mary, Middlesex.
Banks, Richard, Wellington.

Barr, William : Taught in Dorchester Township for over twenty years, almost until
his death.

Bell, William : Has taught, with brief intermissions, in rural and town Schools of

the County of Middlesex ; is at present teaching at Ailsa Craig.
Bell, Mary Anne, Toronto.
Berney, William Henry, Middlesex : Now deceased.

Burrows, Frederick : Taught continuously till 1871, when he was appointed Public
School Inspector of Lennox and Addington.

148

Butler, Richard Charles : Began the practice of Medicine in 1869, and resided at

Coldwater, Prince Edward County ; recently deceased.
Cain, James : Went to practise Medicine in the United States.
Cameron, Thomas : Died at Arkona, where his family still resides.
Campbell, Aaron Jesse : Taught, with occasional interruptions, till 1872 ; graduated

in Medicine in Toronto University in 1874 ; has since practised in various

places ; resides now in Gravenhurst, Muskoka District.
Carlisle, Jane, Norfolk ; Cash, Charlotte, York.
Craig, Elizabeth : Married Mr. Owen of California, U.S.A.
Dick, Margaret Elizabeth, York.
Elder, Jane, Perth County.

Elder, Christina H. : Married Mr. W. Thomson, Mitchell.
Fawcett, Simon Wesley : Now in business in London, Ontario.
Frampton, John : Taught in Halton and Kent ; died about 1895.
Galbraith, Daniel : Taught in Elgin till 1867 ; graduated in Medicine in Toronto

University in 1868 ; has practised in Dresden, Ontario, ever since.
Goldsmith, Perry David : Taught several years ; practised Medicine in several

places ; is now in Belleville.

Grabell, Ladonia Maria Emeline, Welland ; Guthrie, Jane, Oxford.
Hamilton, Alexander : Entered the Presbyterian ministry.
Hamilton, Sarah Jane : Taught in the Toronto Schools from 1867 till her death in

1881.

Hannah, William George ; Now a practising lawyer in Toronto.
Harbottle, Charlotte : Taught eight years in Hamilton ; married Mr. Roiian in 1873 ;

still resides in that city.
Hare, George Washington, Middlesex.
Helson, Thomas Henry, Durham : Taught in Durham County ; died many years

ago.
Herrick, Alvan Corson : Was Principal of the Owen Sound Public School ; is now

in business.
Hodge, George : Taught two years ; entered the medical profession and has since

1870 practised in Lakefield, Mitchell, and London ; is now Professor of Clinical

Medicine in the Westeni University at London.
Horgan, Mary Rebecca, Toronto ; Horner, Esther, Lincoln.
Jordan, Thomas, Peel.
King, John S. : Taught in Wentworth and Waterloo Counties till 1869 the last three

yeHrs as Principal of the school in Waterloo Village : spent five years in

journalistic work on the Hamilton Times and Toronto Globe ; entered the

medical profession, and has been practising in Toronto since 1876 ; has been

Surgeon to the Mercer Reformatory since it was established.

Lamb, Susannah, Toronto.

Langdon, Richard Vickery ; Taught in Prince Albert, Ontario ; went to Michigan to

practise Law.

Lowe, Peter, Huron ; Lymburner, Eliza, Wentworth.
McArthur, Alexander, Peel.

McBrayne, Dugald : Taught in Elgin and Middlesex till 1879 ; went to Denver on

account of failing health, and died there in that year.
McDonald, William, Oxford ; McKay, Andrew, Oxford.
McLaren, Alexander Lumsden : Taught five years ; prepared for the practice of

Medicine by attendance at teaching nstitutions in Toronto, New York, London,

and Edinlmigh ; practis d for some years at Point Edward, Lambton, and then

moved to Port Huron, Michigan, where he still resides.
Martin, Elizabeth, Toronto ; Matheson, John Hugh, Oxford.

149

Moment, Alfred Harrison ; Taught a few years in Ontario ; entered the Presbyterian
ministry in the United States in 1876, and has spent his time since in New
York and Brooklyn.

Moyer, Eli Nash : Has gone into business, with headquarters in Toronto.

O Brien, Eliza : Entered St. Joseph s Convent, Toronto, in 1866, and died there
in 1881.

O Flaherty, Annie Maria ; Taught in Toronto from 1864 till 1870 ; married Mr.

W. J. Thorald ; resumed teaching in 1881, and is still on the Toronto statt
Palmer, Geo. Alex., York ; Peden, Jessie, Hamilton.
Rider, Thomas, Oxford.
Rockwell, Ashbell S. : Taught till 1872, and began in that year to practise Medicine ;

is still in active practice in Rochester, N. Y.

Rose, Leonard Alfred : Taught in Lanark some years ; superannuated and living

near Arnprior.
Ross, John, Oxfoid
Simons, Theresa, Essex.
Swan. Thomas : Taught in Glenmorris, Brant, till 1866 , practised Medicine in

Preston and Hespeler, Waterloo County, till his death in 1887.
Taber, Jacob Russell, York ; Twohey, Ellen, Toronto.
Welsh, Jane, Leeds ; Wright, Mary Eleanor, Grey.

THIRTIETH SESSION.

(August, 1863 December, 1863.)
Abbott, John Thomas Victoria.

Alexander, William : After teaching several years was appointed, in 1871, Public
School Insoector of Perth County, and he still holds that position.

Allen, John : Taught several years, went into mercantile business at Mono Mills,
Ontario.

Archibald, Charles : Studied Medicine for a time in New York ; taught in Oxford
County, and afterwards in the Provincial Model School, Toronto, from Jim.,
1868, until Sept., 1869 ; completed his medical studies and went into practice
there ; died about ten years ago.

Atkinson. Mary ; Taught at Chatham ; retired in 1894 ; resides near Florence,
Ontario.

Ayers, William : Now in business in Beamsville, Ontario.

Baldwin, Louise, Durham ; Bales, Annie, York ; Barnes, Annie, Weiitworth.

Belfry, Sarah Ann : resides near Newmarket.

Bogart, George A. : Moved to Kansas, U.S.A.

Braiden, Wilson : Taught for several years in Halton County, chiefly at Oakville

and Burlington ; entered the medical profession ; now deceased.
Brown, Livius ; Died in Manitoba in 1896.
Brown, Miles : Taught four years ; took a medical course, and has practised since

1871, partly in Leeds and partly in Dundas County, where he still resides at

Chesterville.
Cameron, Annie Isabella : Has taught continuously in Toronto since completing her

Normal School course ; has been Principal of various schools since 1885.
Campbell, Mary, Toronto.
Capsey, Mrs Margaret : Taught in Elgin County, and afterwards in Chatham, till

1881 ; was appointed Lady Principal of Alma College, St. Thomas, when it was

established, and tilled that position till 1892 ; now resides atOdell, 111., U.S.A.
Cartmell, Martha Julia : Now a missionary to Japan.
Carter, Wm. Henry Perry, Brant ; Christie, Elias, Perth.
Churcher, Annie : Taught in different positions in the London Schools till 1868,

when she married Sir. J. (. . Glashan, Public School Inspector of Ottawa, where

she is still living.

150

Clark, Clara Jane : Taught for a short time in Woodstock, and in the Girls

Model School, Toronto, from Aug., 1865, until April, 1869 ; married, in 1869,

Mr. John D. Nasmith ; still resides in Toronto.
Cochran, Charles, Grenville.
Coyne, Annie : Taught in London Public Schools ; married Mr. Elliott ; resides in

London.
Coyne, Maria Hamilton : Taught in London since 1866 ; now Principal of one of

the schools in that city.
Crawford, Grace, York.
Dobie, Isabella McCreath, Brant.
Donnelly, James : Taught in several places, mostly in Peel County till 1881 ; is

now engaged in mercantile business in Toronto.
Elliott, George, Durham.
French, William Wilson, Prince Edward.
Gerow, Arthur Martin, Hastings.
Gibson, James : Taught for a number of years ; afterwards engaged in farming in

the Township of Athol ; has been active in Municipal affairs.
Girdwood, Alexander, Brant : Now deceased.
Hall, Asa, Peel.
Harcourt, Luke Arthur : Taught for three years in Wellington County; entered

the medical profession ; practised in Chicago, and more recently in Sacramento,

Cal. , U. S. A., where he still resides.

Hay, Janet Kenrick, Halton ; Heaslip, Nelson, Lincoln.
Irvine, Eliza, Wentworth.
Jones, Rebecca : Taught a very short time in Toronto ; married ; now resides in

England.

Kahler, Emma Amelia, Perth.

Lovett, William : Taught several years in Wentworth ; went into the medical pro
fession, and is now practising in Ayr, Ontario.
McArthur, Robert Blair. Perth ; McCabe, Margaret, Toronto ; McFarlane, George,

Perth ; MacGregor, Mary, Leeds.
McKellar, Hugh : Taught till 1868 in Lambton County ; entered the Presbyterian

ministry ; spent four years as missionary in the North- West, and ten years as

a settled pastor in Manitoba ; has been since 1888 in a pastorate near Mount

Forest.
McKay, Jessie, Wentworth ; McMahon, Michael, York ; McTavish, Douglas, Perth.

Mills, Margaret, Perth ; Monkman, John Gordon Lawrence, Peel ; Mullin, Char
lotte Ann, Brant ; Murphy, John Joseph, Peel.

Narraway, John Wesley : Taught in Oshawa and Belleville ; has been for several
years on the teaching staff of Toronto.

Oles, John Whiting, Norfolk.

Parsons, John, York ; Peart, William, Ontario ; Pritchard, James, Wellington.

Reeves, Ellen, York ; Bobbins^ Helen Gertrude, Wentworth ; Rutherford, James,
Oxford.

Rutherford, James, Durham : Now practising Medicine in Oiono, Ontario.

Scott, Eliza Patton, Toronto ; Simpson, John Wm , York ; Sinclair, Janet, Tor
onto ; Squire, William, Bruce ; Stanley, Catharine Penelope, York.

Titchworth, Ira Cyrus, Brant.

Wait, Lucien Augustus : Returned to Vermont his native state : took an Arts
course and graduated in Harvard University ; became Assistant Professor of
Mathematics in Cornell University in 3870, and has since 1895 been in entire
charge of that department ; during 1873-74, filled the post of United States
Consul at Athens.

151

Warburton, Lucinda : Taught till 1875 in various schools in Elgin, Middlesex, and
Huron ; moved to Stratford rmd taught there for over seventeen years till her
retirement in 1891.

Webb, Joseph H ughes : Taught for a number of years ; entered the medical pro
fession ; practised in Ayr and New Dundee, then removed to the Town of
Waterloo, where he is still in practice ; is a Coronor for Waterloo County and
Medical .Referee for one of the Waterloo Insurance Companies.

Williams, Wm., Carleton.

Young Sarah, Went worth.

THIRTY-FIRST SESSION.

(January, 18G4 June, 1864.)

Agar, Jane, York.

Aitken, Jeanie: Taught a number of years ; resides at Simcoe, Ontario.

Arthur, Samuel, Wentwovth : Now retired.

Balderson, Thomas, Lanark.

Braiden, Richard: Taught for some time in Haltoii County; went into the medi
cal profession; practised in Michigan, U. S. A.

Brown, James Burt: Now a missionary in Nebraska, U. S. A.

Burwash, Mary, Prescott.

Callinan, Thomas, Haldimand ; Campbell, James, Elgin; Campbell, Mary Anne,
Wellington; Campbell, Sarah Annie, Middlesex.

Caution, Elizabeth : Married a clergyman ; now deceased.

Clark, James Fred., Northumberland.

Cusack, Amelia: Now Mrs. Webster of Hamilton.

Donohoe, Anne, Leeds.

Earl, Barton : Taught many years in the Peterboro Collegiate Institute ; went into
business about ten years ago ; now resides in Peterboro .

Elliot^ Margaret : Taught in Toronto from 1867 to 1871.

Ellis, John Allen : Taught in York County ; spent some years in the wholesale
stationery business in Toronto, and became afterwards manager of a Life Insur
ance Company.

Ellis, Fred. Llewellyn, Ontario.

Ewan, Janet: In 1866 married Mr. Daniel McCraney, who subsequently represented
East Kent in the Ontario Legislative Assembly for several parliamentary terms ;
after his death moved from Bothwell to Collingwood. where she still resides.

Farrington, James: Taught for a short time; became a Dental Surgeon, and prac
tised in Oxford County.

Fraser, George James: Taught in both Public and High Schools in Woodstock;
became an officer of the Inland Revenue Service ; resides at Woodstock.

Fraser, John : Taught for a short time ; entered the medical profession ; was
appointed to the teaching staff of Rolph s Medical School, and after it became
defunct he continued to practise in Toronto.

Fry, Menno Simon, Haldimand.

Gemmell, Jessie : Taught some years in Toronto ; marrie l ; now deceased.

Gregory, Thomas : Was Principal of the Exeter Public School from 1876 to 1889,
when he resigned on account of failing health.

Haggerty, Hugh, Wentworth.

Harcus, Mary: Taught for a short time in Grey County, and afterwards in Oakville

until 1871, when she married Mr. C. W. Coote ; still resides at Oakville.
Harper, Robert, Ontario.

152

Houston, William : Taught Public School for a short time ; took an Arts course in
Toronto University, graduating in 1H72 ; was Head Master of the Beamsville
High School during 1873-4 ; engaged in journalism on various papers till 1883,
when he was appointed Librarian to the Ontario Legislative Assembly ; has
held, for the pasi four years, the position of Director of Teachers Institutes for
the Province.

Jackson, Ellen, York.

Jennison, Reuben Robinson: Taught in Milton, Sharon, Stayner, Barrie and
Baden ; now engaged in business in Toronto.

Legge, Isabella : Resides near Cherry Grove, Ontario.

McBean, Isabella: Taught in Napanee Public School ; married Mr. McGee ; died in
1878.

McCallum, Malcolm, Middlesex: Now deceased.

McColl, Hugh : Taught in Perth County and in London ; entered the medical pro
fession, and has since 1874 practised in Lapeer, Mich., with the exception "f
two intervals of special professional study in Europe.

McDonald, John James : Oxford.

Mclntosh, Margaret: Taught one year and a half ; married Mr. J. D. Cameron;
resides in L Orignal, Ontario.

Mclntyre, George, Durham.

McLean, James, Wellington : Now retired.

McLean, Peter: Taught in Milton; was Public School Inspector for Algoma; died
at Milton.

McLeod, Mary, Stormont : Taught at Cold Springs ; married Rev. Mr. Robertson.

McLim, William Andrew : Taught many years, a large part of his time in the
Orangeville Public School ; died in Toronto after his retirement.

Mainprize, Sarah: Taught six years in North Gwillimbury, York; married Mr.
Mann; now resides in Newmarket.

Marling, Mary Ellen, Toronto ; Metcalf, John Henry, Dundas.

Murch, Thomas: Still teaching at Holmesville, Huron.

Rae, Alexander Marshall : Taught seven years in York, and one in Ontario ; went
to Port Perry in 1873 to teach in the Public School; has been Principal of the
County Model School since 1877.

Ross, Catherine McCandie : Taught in Oxford County, in the Ingersoll Collegiate
Institute, and afterwards in Mount Forest; married, in 1875, Rev. D. McDon
ald, for the past twenty-one years Presbyterian minister at Gleiiarm, Victoria
County ; still takes an active interest in educational matters.

Russell, John Rowe, Brant.

Scott, Jane, Lanark.

Sidway, Elizabeth : Taught at Penton, Black Creek and elsewhere ; married Mr.
Alexander England ; now resides near Port Dover.

Smith, James, Ontario; Smith, Wm. Charles, Wellington; Sullivan, Annie, York.

Trout, Harriet Ann: Married Mr. Duncan, Sterling; now resides at East Toronto.

Turner, Maria Jane, Ontario.

Wright, George Catley, Northumberland.

Wright, Aaron Abel : Taught a few years ; went into mercantile business in the
Town of Renfrew, where he still resides.

THIRTY-SECOND SESSION.

(August, 1864 December, 1864.)

Banan, Jane Anne : Taught Public Schools in York. Oxford, Huron and Durham
Counties until 1872 ; since 1874 has taught continuously in the Toronto Public
Schools ; now Mrs. J. A. McBrien.

Brown, George, York.

153

Carley, Abram : Has taught continuously in Public Schools in Middlesex and York

for thirty- one years.
Cavanagh, William Herbert : Taught in Selkirk, Ontario, for many years ; now

practises Medicine in Michigan.
Chambers, John : Was for some years Head Master of the Walkerton Public

School ; went into business there, and filled the office of Town Clerk until

1896.
Cone, Julia, York.

Crawford, Allan : Entered the medical profession in 1870 ; died at Alvinston,
Ontario.

Crawford, Elizabeth, Wentworth.

Dingman, Margaret Mahalla : Went as a Missionary Teacher to Africa ; came back

in poor health, and died while teaching in the Indian School near Southampton.
Dobbin, Emma Walker, Wentworth ; Dodds, Margaret, Brant ; Dunn, Robert,

Simcoe.
Eccles, Daniel : Taught several years in Lambton ; went into the drug business in

1870 in Parkhill, but resumed teaching in 1879 ; retired from teaching in 1881

to enter the insurance business ; has been in a mercantile house in Toronto

since 1891.

Ellis, Hannah, Norfolk : Now deceased.
Forster, Mary Telfer, York.

Gray, Samuel, Peel ; Greeve, Ellen, Wentworth.
Gilfillan, James : Taught rural schools in Durham County and the Orono and Bow-

manville Public Schools as Head Master ; in 1880 was appointed Assistant

Master in the High School in the latter town, and became its Principal in

1897, having taken an Arts Degree in Queen s University the year before.
flarman, Reuben Powell : Taught Public Schools in Ontario County for about sis.

years ; went into business in Uxbridge, where he still takes an active interest

in public affairs.
Hay, Andrew : Taught some time in St. Mary s, and lias since taught in the Barrie

High School as Mathematical Master.
Henderson, Margaret Jane, York ; Hodgins, Jane, York.
Jennings, Hannah Augusta, Oxford.
Jessop, Elisha : Taught for some time ; entered the medical profession, taking his

degree in Toronto University in 1875 ; practised at Jordan for ten years and

more recently in St. Catharines.
Johnson, Chas. Richard, Peel.

Jupp, William, Simcoe : Entei ed the Anglican Ministry.
Kennedy, Jane, Wentworth.
Lees, Henrietta : Taught for some time in Public Schools ; kept a private school,

with one interval of a few years, till 1889 ; now Mr*. Parker.
Lewis. Richard : Taught Public Schools in different parts of the Province until his

death at Winona in 1887.

McCrimmon, Angus : Taught in St. Thomas ; now practising Law.
McNaught, Frances : Taught till 1873 in the Central School, Gait ; has since that

time made her home with her sister, wife of the Hon. James Young, Ex-M.P.
McNaughton, Margaret, Durham.

Masales, George Washington : Taught several years in Halton and Huron Counties.
Montgomery, Esther Emma : Taught for many years ; was at one time on the staff

of the Institute for the Blind at Brantford ; died many years ago.
Morton, Andrew, York ; Moulton, Proctor, Durham.
Murray, John : Went into the medical profession ; practised in Fingal, Ontario ;

long dead.
Nixon, Kate, Wentworth.

154-
Page, Thomas Otway : Taught for a time in the Belleville Seminary, and after
wards in various Public Schools till 1876 ; graduated in Arts in Toronto Uni
versity in 1877 ; taught in several High Schools successively as Head Master
until his retirement in 1896 on account of ill health ; now resides in Wood
stock.

Palmer, Sarah Anne, York ; Pettinger, Mary, Wentworth.

Rawson, Elizabeth Anne, Simcoe.

Reed, Isabella, Wentworth : Now deceased.

Richard, Alexander, Huron ; Richardson, Joshua John, York ; Robertson, James,

Perth.
Scobie, Sarah Emily Alexandrina : Taught in Public Schools in Hamilton till 1879

and in Toronto till the present time.
Sefton, Annie Maria : Taught in Uxbridge till 1875 ; has taught in the Toronto

Schools since 1877.
Short, Miry, Northumberland.
Strickland, Elizabeth : Married Mr. J. L. Smith ; now resides in the Township of

Whitby.

Smith, Thomas, Perth.
Sutherland, Annie Agnes : Taught in a private academy and in the Provincial

Model School in Toronto till 1869 ; married in that year Mr. J. L. Hughes,

now Public School Inspector for Toronto ; died in 1884.

Sutherland, Jennie H. : Taught in Toronto from 1869 to 1872 ; resides in that city.
White, Eleanor : Teaching at present in the Murray Street School, Hamilton.
Wilkins, David Francis Henry : Graduated in Arts in Toronto University in

1869 ; taught in various High Schools till his death in 1892, while Head Master

in Beamsville.
Wilson, Josiah, Oxford ; Wilson, Samuel, York.

THIRTY-THIRD SESSION.

(January, 1865-June, 1865.)

Agnew, James, Yoik.

Bentiey, Kate : Taught in i he Toronto Public Schools from 1872 till her resignation
in 1876 ; married Mr. Carswell, and went many years ago to the North- West.

Black, Mary E. : Taught three years in Penetanguishene ; married Mr. Walter
Bell of that place ; moved in 1881 to Grand Marais, Michigan, where she
has at different times served the public as Postmaster and Inspector of Schools,
while assisting to carry on a mercantile business.

Blain, Hugh : Went into mercantile business, and is now partner in a large whole
sale firm in Toronto.

Brown, John Thompson : Died recently in Essex County, where his family still
reside.

Bullock, Mary Cecilia, Oxford.

Carscadden, Thomas : Taught Public School and as Assistant in Chatham High
School and Woodstock College, successively ; graduated in Arts in Toronto
University in IS^o ; taught a year in Prince Edward Island and some time in
Upper Canada College: went to the Gait Collegiate Institute in 1881 as
Assistant, and has been Principal for thirteen years.

Gartmell, Amelia Isabella, Hamilton ; Coakley, Henry, Middlesex.

Dawson, Cornelius. Northumberland ; Dawsoii, George, Carleton ; Dolmage, Flor
ence Marion, Toronto ; Drew, Ellen, Toronto.

Ferguson. Margaret, Toronto.

Fisher, Simeon : Now a Presbyterian minister, pastor of congregations at Flamboro
and Linden.

155

Foreman, William : Taught for six years in Ontario, and afterwards at different
places on Long Island, New York ; went into business some time before his
death in 1896.

Forster, Mary : Taught in Hamilton till 1877, and in Toronto till 1879 ; married
Mr. Frederick Swannell ; has taught in Toronto since 1888.

Foster, Margaret Jane : Taught six years in Fergus ; married, in 1871, Mr. R. H.
Perry, a druggist in Fergus ; died there in 1885.

Graham, Andrew, Perth ; Graham, Simon, Grey ; Goldsmith, Stephen, North
umberland.

Hamilton, George : Has taught uninterruptedly since 1S65, the last twenty-one
years as Master of the ^ebringville School.

Jackson, Thomas : Taught in the Counties of Durham and Waterloo ; entered the
Wesleyan ministry in 1867 ; was secretary of Conference in 1884 ; was a mem
ber of the General Conference in 1890 and 1898 ; is now stationed at Elora.

Kessack, Margaret : Taught in London High School ; now living in retirement in
that city.

Lanton, Emilie, Elgin : Taught for some time in Vienna.

Leslie, Eliza Jane, Barrie.

Lawrie, Elizabeth : Taught for a time in Oxford, Peel and Halton : married Mr.
Colin Smith, and lives on a farm near Oakville.

McLean, Daniel : Went into the legal profession ; has practised for many years in
the city of Ottawa.

McNair, Alexander, Huron ; NcNaughton, Duncan, Cobourg ; Macniven, Susan,
Ingersoll.

Martin, John Anthony, Northumberland.

Meldrum, Norman William : Taught a short time in Brant and Oxford ; graduated
in Medicine in Toronto University in 1873 ; has practised ever since in Ayr,
Ontario.

Metcalf, Josias Richey, Renfrew ; Moran, Mary Frances, York.

Nuthall, Phillis : Married Mr. Willis Coates ; died in Brockville in 1882.

O Connell, Margaret, Toronto.

Osborne, Edward : Spent the years from 1865 to 1881 in periods of teaching, alter
nating with mercantile employment, journalism and the study of Medicine ;
has been practising since the latter year in Mason City, Iowa, U.S.A.

Page, Mary Jane : Taught in the Township of Bertie until her marriage to Mr.
Wilson Bowen in 1871 ; resides near Ridgeway, Ont.

Perkins, Maria Olivia, Elgin.

Porter, Margery : Taught from 1865 to 1869 ; married Mr. Richard Benson, a
farmer and cheese manufacturer ; resides near Picton.

Preston, Victoria Elizabeth : Married Mr. Fairchild.

Reed, Almida Cordelia. Oxford.

Reynolds, Mary Ann : Ha i been for some years a teacher in the Cobourg School.

Risk, William Henry : Taught till 1883, mostly in Kent, Lambton and Norfolk ;
retired and went into farming near Alvinston, where he still resides.

Ross, Arthur Wellington : Taught for a time ; took an Arts course in Toronto Uni
versity, graduating in 1874 ; was for a few years Public School Inspector of
Glengarry ; entered the legal profession and practised in Winnipeg ; repre
sented Lisgar District, Manitoba, for several years in the House of Commons ;
spent some time in business in British Columbia ; now resides in Toronto.

Russell, James : Taught two years in Wentworth ; entered the medical profession
and practised at Binbrook in that county till 1887, when he was appointed
Medical Superintendent of the Hamilton Asylum for the Insane.

Sefton, Martha E : Taught in the Counties of Grey and Ontario till 1875, and has
been on the Toronto teaching staff since 1876.

Shewan, Jennie : Taught privately ; married in 1875 ; died in 1896.

150

Smith, Peter : Now engaged in farming in the Township of Downie, of which he is
Clerk.

Somers, Harriet Christina, Oxford ; Spencer, Percival Lawson, Grey.

Spotton, Charlotte E. : Teacher in the Toronto Public Schools.

Swayze, George Albert : Has been Principal of Commercial Colleges in London,
Belleville and Kingston ; is now in New York State.

Switzer, William Haw : Now a druggist in Dresden, Ontario.

Thomson, Alex. Galloway, York.

Tier, Helen : Taught two years ; married Mr. Robert Davis in 1869 ; died in
Cleveland, United States, in 1880.

Tytler, Barbara : Taught several years in Public Schools in Lambton and Welling
ton ; married Mr Kirkman in 1874 ; has taught, since his death, in the High
Schools of Elora, Richmond Hill and Seaforth ; still on the staff of Seaforth
Collegiate Institute.

Wallace, David, York.

Weese, Redford Colborne : Prince Edward.

Wegg, David Spencer : Went into the practice of Law ; is now a prominent business
man in Chicago.

Whillans, Robert : Taught for a few years ; graduated in Arts in McGill Univer
sity in 1872 ; entered the Presbyterian ministry, and is now in the pastorate
at Hintoiiburg.

White, Humphrey Albert Lucas : Went into the legal profession ; now Postmaster
of the Town of St. Mary s.

THIRTY-FOURTH SESSION.

(August, 1865 December, 1865).

Adams, Richard, Huron,

Armstrong, Thomas Clinton Little : Taught in Durham County till 1870 , took an
Arts course in Toronto University, graduating in 1875 ; was Modern Language
Master in the Hamilton Collegiate Institute till 1881 ; entered the legal pro
fession, and has practised ever since in Winnipeg and Toronto.

Baxter, Louisa : Taught in Toronto from 1879 to 1885 ; married Mr. W. C. Tolton ;
resumed teaching in 1893, and has taught ever since in Toronto.

Beattie, William : Taught ten years in Northumberland, two years in Peterborough,
and three winter sessions in Toronto, where he still resides.

Bell, Emma Elizabeth : Now Mrs. A. T. Gregory, of Toronto.

Bell, Sarah, Wentworth ; Bredin, Wilson Watson, Halton.

Chambers, Elizabeth, Haldimand ; Clark, Robert, Oxford ; Comfort, Sarah, Mid
dlesex ; Cooley, Robert, Welland.

Couzens, Emily : Taught four years in Woodstock ; married Mr. Frederick Welford
and moved t,&gt; Brockville ; has taught there continuously since resuming her
profession in 1877.

Croll, David : Taught continuously in rural schools in Carleton County till his

retirement in 1896 ; lives on his farm near Ottawa.
Davey, Peter Nicholas : Taught in the villages of Lyn, Perrytown, Brooklin, and

Millbrook, in the Port Hope High School, and the Provincial Model School

from January, 1879, until August, 1884 ; entered the medical profession and

has practised ever since at Duart, Ontario.
Douglas, William Alexander ; Taught two years, and then took an Arts course in

Victoria University, graduating in 1873 ; was Head Master of Mount Pleasant

High School for one year and of Orangeville High School for two ; has since

followed the occupation of Accountant in Toronto.

Brury, Ma*tha Jane, Middlesex.

157

Gage, William James : Taught for a short time ; went into business in connection
with the publishing firm of Adam Miller & Co., of Toronto ; has long been
principal of the firm which is now distinguished by his own name.

Gibbard, John : Taught one year near Napanee ; went into the drug business in
Strathroy and afterwards in Toronto, where he died in 1874.

Gillan. Mary : Now Mrs. Matheson, of Helena, Montana, U.S.A.

Hamilton, Agnes Victoria, Welland ; Hamilton, Jessie, Wentworth ; Harbottle,
Mary Ann, Wentworth ; Harris, Augusta Julia, Wentworth.

Hatton, Emma: Taught some years in Halton County ; married Mr. John Willmott
of Milton ; has resided many years in Toronto.

Hendry, William John : Taught one year in North York ; became Head Master of
the Yorkville School in 1873, and has occupied the same position ever since
except for two years, during which he acted as the first Superintendent of the
Industrial School at Mimico ; has been for many years Treasurer of the Ontario
Educational Association.

Huggins, John Rutledge, Oxford.

Hughes, James Laughlin : Taught at Frankford for a short time ; was appointed
second assistant teacher in the Provincial Model School, Toronto, in 1867 ;
became Head Master in 1871 ; resigned in 1874 to become Inspector of Public
Schools for Toronto, which position he now holds ; is a distinguished lecturer
and author.

Button, Benjamin Lowe : Now Superintendent of Passaic .City Schools, New
Jersey.

Laing, Helen : Taught till the end of 1872 ; married Mr. Robert Alexander, now
Principal of the Gait Central School ; still living in that town.

Lawrence, Fannie Helena : Taught one year in Toronto ; married Mr. James Price,
still resides in that city.

Lemon, Kate : Married Mr. Bowden ; formerly taught in Toronto ; now deceased.

McCausland, Caroline Elizabeth : Taught in the Provincial Model School from 1868
to 1871 ; married Dr. Sangster, formerly Principal of the Toronto Normal
School ; lives at Port Perry, Ontario.

McEwan, Findlay : Taught for some time in Lanark County ; entered the medical
profession ; practised in Uarleton Place until his death five or six years ago. j

McFarlane, Archibald : Died at Forest, Ontario .

McGregor, John, Wentworth ; McKellar, Archibald, Middlesex.

McLean, William Jenkinson : Taught at Palermo in Halton County ; became a
Methodist minister ; long dead.

Malcolm, Fullerton Boyd, Carleton : Now deceased.

Mark, Kenward: Taught at Castleton, Blairton and Keene ; lives at Peterboro .

Medley, Emma: Taught a ft w years ; married; resided in Toronto ; now deceased.

Moore, Martha, Wentworth.

Mundell, John : Taught a short time in Teeswater and Wingham ; went to Cali
fornia on account of ill health ; taught there one year and then went to Van
couver Island ; taught almost continuously in different parts of British Columbia
till his retirement in L889; now resides in Comox, B.C.

O Brien, Rebecca : Married Rev. Mr. Paradis, Port Stanley.

Pattison, Joseph Wilford, Haldimand.

Payne, Louisa : Taught in Toronto from 1865 till 1895.

Percival, Margaret, Middlesex.

Riddell, Mary Anne : Married Mr. Davidson of North Gwillimbury.

Ritchie, David Scott Ferguson: Has taught continuously in the County of Bruce,
mostly in Southampton and Chesley, as Head Master; has in the last named
place a Continuation Class."

Russell, Marian Agnes Blanche, York.

158

Scales, Sophia Eliza : Taught about ten years in Kingston ; married Mr. J. S. Dun
can ; went to Manitoba several years ago ; resides at Portage la Prairie.

Scarlett, Mary Elizabeth : Taught in Belleville ; married Mr. Alexander McDonald ;
lived some time in Guelph ; now resides at Ftnelon Falls.

Sharpe, Adam Middleton, Halton ; Snell, Elias Benson, Peel ; Stalker, Mary, Elgin.

Sutherland, Margaret : Taught in Toronto from 1869 to 1877 ; married Rev. Cecil
Harper ; died in 1882.

Tilley, William Edward : Taught Public School for three years ; was for several
years Assistant Master in Bowmanville and Port Hope High Schools, succes
sively; was Bead Master of the Lindsay High School from 1880 to 1884, and
was appointed in the letter year Public School Inspector for Durham County,
which office hy still holds ; graduated in Arts in Victoria University in 1875 ;
received the degree of Ph.D. from Bluomington University.

Tobias, Esther, Essex.

Walker, Eliza Allan: Married; lives at Guelph.

Worth, Mary Anne : Taught in Haldimand for two years, and ever since in Toronto.

Young, Mary : Taught some years in the Dundas Schools ; now lives in retirement.

THIRTY=FIFTH SESSION.

CJanuary, 1866 June, 1866.)

Bailey, Eliza : Never taught ; resides in Cornwall, Ontario.

Barrett, Thomas, Waterloo ; Barrie, George, Waterloo : Now deceased.

Becket, Elizabeth : Is still teaching in the city of Peterboro .

Becket, Lucy M. : Taught in a private academy in Georgetown ; then in the York-
ville School, now Jesse Ketchum School ; then in the Toronto Public Schools
from 1880 to 1885 ; since then has been Assistant Superintendent of the An
drew Mercer Reformatory in Toronto.

Blatchford, William, Huron.

Boyce, Martha Jane : Taught in the Toronto Public Schools from 1876 till her
death in 1879.

Brooks, Henrietta : Taught a number of years ; married Mr. Blott ; resides in
Wardsville, Out.

Brown, Martha Eva, Elgin ; Butler, Harriet Jessie Edith, York.

Campbell, Jane Ann Jamesina : Taught in rural schools of Halton, and in the Oak-
ville Public School ; married Captain Street, and since his death has continued
teaching in Oakville.

Campbell, William, Oxford; Campbell, James, Perth.

Clarkson, Charles : Taught as Assistant Master in the Paris and St. Mary s High
Schools ; graduated in Arts in Toronto University in 1876 ; was first Principal
of the Brockville Model School and the first Head Master of the Seaforth High
School ; was Headmaster of the Boys Model School, Toronto, from 1882 to
1886, and then returned to Seaforth as Principal of the Collegiate Institute.

Clendinning, William Scott : Taught in Point Edward and afterwards in Walker-
ton ; was appointed Public School Inspector for East Bruce in 1873, and still
fills the position ; resides in Walkerton.

Dygert, Anna Maria, Oxford.

Doiielly, Joseph Henry : Taught in Mitchell ; died in 1874.

Ebbels, Walter Dennis, York.

Fairgrieve, Agnes, Wentworth : Married Mr. Duncan ; now deceased.

Filer, Alexander David: Taught in Leeds County for two years; went to the

United States ; died at Lockport in 1895.
Flavelle, Minnie : Taught in Public Schools in Omemee and Lindsay for nearly

five years ; has ever since been head book-keeper in a large mercantile house

in Lindsay.

159

Gumi, Surah Soj)hy, Middlesex.

Harris, Frances Josephine, Wentworth.

How, Frances Esther : Has been in the service of the Toronto Public School Board
since 1875 ; is now Principal of the Elizabeth St. School.

Hugill, Joseph, Perth ; Hurlburt, Maria Almyra, Lambton.

Kenned} , Neil : After teaching some years, went to California on account of failing
health, and died there.

Kenny, Christina : Now Mrs. Kelly, Park dale.

Leitch, Thomas : Taught rive years in Public Schools in Elgin ; was Science Master
in the St. Thomas Colleg ate Institute for twenty-one years ; resigned in 1893
to go into business in Hamilton, where he still lives.

Luttrell, William : Now engaged in manufacturing.

McCallum, John Sangster : Taught in Uxbridge Township for a short time ; entered
the medical profession ; practises at Smith s Falls, Ontario.

McCormack, Colin : Taught several years and in several schools in Kent County ;
entered the medical profession in 1872, and has practised ever since in Michi
gan ; resides at present at Owosso, where he has filled several local public
offices.

McDonald, Isabella, Wentworth.

McGill, Anthony ; Taught Public Schools in Waterloo, Perth and Muskoka ; gradu
ated in Arts in Toronto University in 1880, and in Science in Victoria in 188L ;
taught Science in the Ottawa Collegiate Institute till 3887, when he was
appointed to his present position, Assistant Analyst to the Inland Revenue
Department at Ottawa.

Mclntyre, Annie : Married Mr. George Archer Tye of the twentieth session of the
Normal School ; has sitsce his death in 1892, lived in Chatham.

McKay, Hugh : Taught for some time in Oxford Co.. studied for the ministry in
Knox College ; labored as a home missionary for some years in Manitoulin
Island ; was appointed in 1884 to the Indian Mission at Round Lake, Assa.,
which position he still holds.

McKay, Robert Peter : Taught two years in Oxford County Public Schools, and
one year in Woodstock Grammar School ; graduated in Arts in Toronto Uni
versity in 1875, and entered the Presbyterian ministry in 1877 ; has been since
1892 Secretary of the Foreign Mission Board.

McKay, William : Taught for some time in Oxford Co. ; entered upon a course for
the Presbyterian ministry, but died before completing it.

McLaughlin, Elizabeth Anne : Has been in the service of the Toronto Public
School Board for twenty-five years ; now Mrs. E. A. Green, Principal of the
Alexandra Industrial School for girls.

McLaughlin, Margaret Elizabeth : Taught a short time ; married Mr. E. F. Wheaton
of Toronto ; resides in that city.

McMahon, Catherine : Taught in 1 ngersoll ; entered the Community of Loretto ;
died in 1883.

Matthews, Agnes Olivia : Now Mrs. Joseph Quarrie of Hamilton.

May, Charles Henry, Ontario.

Meldrum, Margaret Jane : Married Rev. Mr. Stewart ; now deceased.

Moir, George : Taught in St. Mary s Public School ; spent some years in journal
istic work ; entered the Dominion Civil Service at Ottawa.

Moore, Alvin Joshua : Was Principal of G eorgetown Public School ; is now Mathe
matical Master in the Goderich Collegiate Institute.

Oliver, Edith, Stormont.

Palmer, John Henry, York ; Paterson, Mary Theresa, York.

Pentland, Jane Matilda : Taught several years in Wentworth ; married ; her hus
band is an extensive lumberman on the north shore of Georgian Bay, where
she still lives.

160

Pollard, Ann, York ; Pritchard, John Frederick, Oxford.

Rankin, John Brown : Taught in several Public Schools, including the Hamilton

Central School ; graduated in Arts in Toronto University in 1874 ; was Head

Master of Chatham High School for two years ; entered the legal profession,

and is now head of a law firm in Chatham.

Ridley, Alexandrina Sophia : Now Mrs. Lousley ; teaches in the United States.
Rutherford, Peter : Now a book-keeper in Chatham, Ontairo.
Saunders, Anna Maude : Taught two years ; married Mr. A. McMartin ; resides

near Evelyn, Middlesex.
Slaven, Edward : Taught for a time ; is now Roman Catholic Parish Priest at

Gait, Ontario.

Somerville, Agnes, Hamilton ; Sparling, Mary Jane, Perth.
Thompson, Mary Jane, Durham ; Tremeer, Thomas, Durham.
Turnbull, Sarah Annie : Married Mr. Andrew Jeffrey, now a druggist in Toronto
Walshe, Margaret Elizabeth : Teaches in the Institute for the Blind at Brantford.
Weed, Mary Jane, York.

West, Eliza Jane : Teaches in one of the Hamilton Public Schools.
White, Hester Ann, Wentworth.

THIRTY-SIXTH SESSION.

(August, 1866 December, 1866.)
Armstrong, Andrew, Kent.
Beattie, Mary, Toronto.
Bennetto, Susan Elizabeth : Has taught in the Hamilton Public Schools since 1867,

with an interval spent in Winnipeg.
Brown, Margaret : Married the Rev. John Robbing ; resides at Wetford, Herts,

England
Carlaw, Davidson : Taught a short time ; went into financial business in addition to

agriculture ; still resides on his farm near Warkworth.
Clarke, Jane, Frontenac ; Costin, William, Brant.

Duncan, Helen : Taught in Strathroy ; married Mr. S. Wilkins ; resides in London.
Forsythe, Annie Dawson, Middlesex : Died in 1868.
Gillespie, Catharine, Grenville.
Harris, Benjamin Wesley : Taught for some time in Oxford and Middlesex ; went

into business ; now resides at Sault Ste. Marie.
Hendry, Andrew : Taught rural schools in York and Wentworth till 1874 ; has

since taught continuously in Toronto ; is now Principal of Parkdale School.
Herner, Samuel Shantz : Taught in Waterloo County till 1897 ; is now farming in

the Township of Wilmot.

Jardine, William Wilson : Taught in several Public Schools in Ontario and Dur
ham ; graduated in Arts in Toronto University in ^ 883 ; has since that time
been Principal of various High Schools ; is now at Omemee.

Kellogg, Charles Palmer : Taught in Chatham ; died about fourteen years ago.

Lean, John : Entered the medical profession ; now deceased.

Leslie Alexander : Taught in the London Public and High Schools till 1872 ; took
an Arts course in Toronto University, graduating in 1875 ; entered the Presby
terian ministry ; is now pastor of a congregation in Oxford County.

McDiarmid, John : Died some years ago while preparing for the Presbyterian min
istry.

McFaul, John Henry : Taught in the Peterboro and Brockville High Schools ;
was the first Principal of the Lindsay Model School, and taught in the Lindsay
High School ; was five years Public School Inspector in St. Catharines ; was
Drawing Master in the Normal School, Toronto, from Feb., 1884, until Dec.,
1891 ; now practises Medicine in that city.

161

McGeorge, Mary : Taught fourteen years in Mitchell and Ayr Public Schools ;

married Mr. Thomas McDonald ; now resides in Mitchell.
Mclnnes, Alexander, Ontario ; McMillan, Donald, Elgin.
Milne, Walter Baird, Perth.
Moorcraft, Sarah Esther : Has taught continuously in the Bowmanville Public

School.

Patterson, Clara Amelia, Durham.
Redditt, Thomas Henry : After teaching for a time took an Arts course in Toronto

University, graduating in 1880 ; was Head Master of the Aurora High School

and is now Principal of the Barrie Collegiate Institute.
Biddell, Elizabeth : Taught Public Schools in Kent for six years ; married Mr.

James Hamilton, a farmer ; still lives at Ravenshoe, Ontario.
Robbins, Clara : Now Mrs. Eldon Bull of Hamilton.
Robertson, Margaret Gordon, Toronto.
Rutledge, Rebecca, Toronto : Now deceased.

Scott, Margaret Taylor : See biographical sketches of members of staff.
Sylvester, Emily, Hamilton.
Wellwood, Nesbitt, John : Taught Public School two years in Kent ; graduated in

Arts in Toronto University in 1873 ; has since that time been Principal in the

High Schools of L Orignal, Vankleek Hill, Streetsville and Oakville, the last

for twenty years ; still holds the position.
Wilson, Jane, Middlesex ; Wood, Henrietta, Toronto.

THIRTY-SEVENTH SESSION.

(January, 1867 June, 1867).

Aird, Margaret : Now Mrs. McCuaig ; has taught in the Toronto schools since 1877-

Andrews, Abigail Wilkinson, York.

Armstrong, Elizabeth : Still teaches in Hamilton.

Britton, William : Taught in Public Schools in Manilla and Brantford, and in the
Barrie High School ; entered the medical profession ; has practised in Toronto
since 1875 ; represents the University of Toronto on the Council of the College
of Physicians and Surgeons.

Cameron, Jane : Taught until a few years ago ; now deceased.

Clark, Alvina, York.

Coyne, Margaret Jane : Teaches in the Toronto Public Schools.

Dorland, Lydia Catharine : Now Mrs. Neilson, Calgary, Alberta.

Dowswell, Elizabeth, Norfolk ; Dowswell, Mary Jane, Norfolk.

Duffin, Mary Charlotte Jane : Now Principal in one of the Chicago schools.

Durham, William, Lincoln.

Edmison, Ralph Hetzlop, Peterboro .

Fullerton, James S.: Taught at intervals till 1877 ; in that year was called to the
bar ; has practised in Toronto till the present time, and has since 1894 been
counsel to the city municipal corporation ; has been a Queen s Counsel since
1889.

Guillet, Mary Ann, Northumberland.

Harris, Elizabeth : Teaching in the Ryerson School, Hamilton.

Hatton, Sarah Adelaide : Durham ; Henderson, Robert : Bruce.

Hepburne, Rhoda : Now Mrs. James McPhail, Dakota, U. S. A.

Keam, Mary Roberts. Northumberland.

Linton, John A. : Taught Public Schools in Brant and Lambton until forced by
declining health to retire ; was treasurer of Moore Township till his death.

162

Lowrie, Eliza Jane : Taught in London until 1875; married Mr. H. Baptie ;

resides in London.
MoAndrew, James : Taught several years in Huron County ; now farming near

Fargo, in North Dakota.
McCrae, Mary Ann : Taught six years, the last in Orono ; married Mr. Isaac

Jewell, a farmer ; now lives, retired, in Bowmanville.
McEachren, Charlotte Emma : Now Mrs. Charlesworth of Hamilton.
McFarland, Robert : Taught several years in Lanark County ; is now farming near

Forest, in Lambton.
McKay, George Webster, Ontario.
Marett, Sebina, Oxford.
Mearns, Isabella : After teaching three years in Oshawa and London, has taught

in the Toronto Public Schools since 1875.
Mills, Jane, Grenville.
Moore, Isabella : Married John S. Atkinson, M.D., of the thirty-eighth session ;

has resided since his death, in Hamilton.

Moore, Sarah, Halton.

Neabitt, Agnes : Taught in Oxford County till the close of 1875 ; married Mr.

Waldock ; went to Winnipeg and afterwards to Medicine Hat, where she still

resides.

Page, Minnie Emilie : Taught privately ; married Dr. John Ponsonby King,
Dublin, Ireland.

Pollock, James Edward : Taught for some time ; graduated in Arts in Toronto
University in 1878 ; taught in Public Schools, and as assistant in Vienna and
Bradford High Schools ; retired owing to ill-health ; teaches Art in various
parts of York County.

Preston, Elizabeth Jane : Has taught for many years in Ottawa.

Prior, Joanna Amelia, Victoria.

Ramsey, Mary Ann ; Now Mrs. T. A. Gregg ; was formerly Mrs. Fitzgerald, one
of the Toronto teachers.

Rogers, Agnes, Toronto.

Rothwell, Peter D. : Taught in Ontario till 1871, and afterwards in various part s.

of the Northwestern States ; entered the medical profession, and has practised

in Denver, Col., since 1881.

Silcox, John B. : Taught four years ; entered the Congregational ministry ; was in
the pastorate five years in Toronto , seven in Winnipeg, six in California, two
in Montreal and two in Chicago, where he still resides.

Smith, Charlotte : Taught in Nissouri Township till 1871 ; now lives at Maple
Lodge, Ontario,

Smith, Edward Saunders, Waterloo ; Stewart, Elihu, Kent.
Woodside, Mrs. Jane, Bruce ; Wright, Mary Anne, Penetanguishene.

THIRTY-EIGHTH SESSION.

(August, 1867 December, 1867.)

Ableson, Huldah Ann : Married Mr. David Smith of Toronto.

Atkinson, John Sangster : Taught in the Hamilton Central School, and was after
wards Principal of the Prescott and Brockville Model Schools ; entered the
medical profession, and practised for the last ten years of his life in Gananoque ;
died in 1896.

Bonner, Horatio James : Entered the medical profession ; practised for many years
in Chesley, Bruce.

Boyle, William S. : Entered the medical profession ; practised at Bowmanville from
1872 till his death in 1891.

Brown, Sophia Georgina, Perth.

163

Calder, Elizabeth : Taught several years ; married, and now resides in Toronto.

Carson, Joseph Standish : Taught in several Public Schools in Simcoe County, and
afterwards in Strathroy, where he was when appointed Public School Inspector
of West Middlesex in 1876 ; that office he held till his death in 1889.

Corrigan, Augusta Margaret : Taught in London till the close of 1872.

East, Cornelius: Taught in McGillivray Township and Parkhill Village; entered the
medical profession, and practised in Forest from 1873 till his death in 1883.

Ellis, Louisa Josephine, York.

Fletcher, Margaret : Taught a private school in Toronto till 1877 ; married Rev. J.
H. Ratcliffe, a Presbyterian minister, now in St. Catharines.

Fraser, Margaret : Taught in Toronto ; married Dr. A . R. Pyne, of that city.

Fraser, William, Oxford.

Frazer, Donald Blair : Entered the medical profession in 1874 ; practises in Strat
ford.

Fuller, Henrietta, Colborne.

Fulton, James : Taught a short time and went into business at Lynedoch in Nor
folk ; taught there from 1876 to 1880 ; went into business in the United States,
and is now in Hartford, Illinois, a member of the City Board of Education, and
its Secretary.

German, Mary Eleanor, Victoria.

Gibson, Margaret Agnes, Lanark : Now deceased.

Harris. James H., Owen Sound.

Harney, Ellen : Taught privately for a time, and afterwards in the Chatham School
for colored children ; taught in the Toronto schools from 1881 to 1889 ; died in
1890.

Hogarth, Thomas : Taught in York County till 1883, and since 1886 has been teach
ing in the Toronto Public Schools.

Jones, Eleanor Josephine: Now Mrs. Parker Smith, of Fort William, Ontario.

Jones, James Robert : Now a physician in Winnipeg.

Jones, Louisa Harriet, Cobourg.

Kirk, William, Hastings.

Leitch, John McMillan, Lambton.

McDonald, Annie Jane, Toronto.

McDonald. Margaret, Woodstock : Now deceased.

McEwen, John : Taught a few years in Lanark County ; is now in business in Cali
fornia.

McFarlane, Peter Alexander : Taught in the Jarvis St. Collegiate Institute till his
death, about 1877.

Morton, Hester Amelia : Taught a short time in Port Dalhousie and in the St.
Catharines Central School till the close of 1890 ; resides now at Newmarket.

O Brien, William, Peterboro .

Rannie, William: After teaching for several years became Principal of the New
market County Model School, over which he still presides.

Riddell, Mary Anne : Taught a short time, and has since lived privately in Toronto.

Robertson, Duncan : Taught for many years at Ottawa ; now a resident of Victoria,
British Columbia.

Scallion, James Wm., Middlesex.

Schmidt, George : Taught in the Berlin Central School till 1871 ; entered the medi
cal profession; practised from 1874 to 1891 in Ontario; has practised since 1891
in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

Schofield, Amelia Monro : Is still teaching in Brockville.

Simpson, Mary, Brockville.

164

Stahlschmidt, William : Taught in Preston, Waterloo, till 1884 ; went into the busi
ness of manufacturing improved school furniture in Preston, and still continues
it in the same place.

Thompson, Charlotte Emily : Taught for many years in the Jarvis Street Collegiate
Institute; resigned in 1897.

Tuttle, Alice Mary : Now Mrs. J . W. Sexsmith. living at Ebwine in British
Columbia.

Walker, James Taylor, Owen Sound.

THIRTY-NINTH SESSION.

(January, 1868 June, 1868.)

Batty, Alice P., Dunnville ; Bodwell, Sarah Melinda, Oxford.

Boulter, Joshua John : Went to Nebraska ; taught for a short time ; went into

business as an Accountant ; is in the employ of the Union Pacific Railway at

Omaha.

Brownlee, Marion : Taught some time in South Hastings ; married Mr. S. A. Lazier.
Calder, Annie : Taught several years in Wentworth ; married and went to Scotland.
Campbell, John Harkness, Grey.

Clark, William Reid : Became an Anglican clergyman ; now at Ancaster.
Crawford, Duncan : Taught until 1878 ; went into business ; now resides in Detroit.
Daville, Emma Julia, Hamilton.
Dennis, James Edwin : Taught in Oxford County ; was Principal for a time of the

Woodstock County Model School ; now deceased.
Doupe, William : Taught in Perth County ; went into the medical profession ; now

deceased.

Edwards, Thomas Albert : Was for a long time Principal of the Thamesville Public
School ; retired about eleven years ago to go into business.

Ferrier, Amos ; Taught fourteen years in Peel County ; now engaged in business.

Galbraith, William James : Taught in Oakville, Palmerston, and Hanover Public
Schools, and in Streetsville Sigh School, before taking his present position as
Modern Language Master in Brampton High School ; graduated in Arts in
Trinity University in 1896.

Gill, Samuel Rea : Taught several years in Oxford County ; became a farmer ; died
in 1896.

Good, Rebecca Ida : Now Mrs. Fletcher of Toronto.

Gorman, Jennie : Married Mr. Feeney ; now deceased.

Hogan, Eliza, Toronto.

Houston, John : After teaching for some time, graduated in Arts in Toronto Univer
sity in 1877 ; was Principal of the Arnprior Public School, English Master in
the London Collegiate Institute, Principal of the Portage la Prairie (Man.)
Collegiate Institute, and Head Master of the Brighton High School, before
becoming Principal of the Clinton Collegiate Institute, which position he still
holds.

Hughes, Samuel : Taught in Public Schools in Belleville and Bowmanville ; was
for ten years English Master in the Toronto Collegiate Institute ; went into
journalism in Lindsay, and has represented North Victoria for several years in
the Canadian House of Commons ; is Colonel of the 45th Victoria Batt.

Hunter, Mary : Taught in Kingston ; moved to Belleville ; married Mr. T. M.
Henry, now Principal of the Napanee Collegiate Institute.

Johnson, Sarah Edith : Has taught almost continuously in rural schools in Essex
County for twenty-five years ; married in 1869 Mr. Samuel Baltzer, then and
now a farmer ; resides at North Ridge.

Law, Benjamin, Lambton.

Lister, Jane : Teaching in the Queen School, Hamilton.

165

McBride, Charlotte Louisa : Taught for some time in the London Public Schools ;

married Mr. Loftus ; now deceased.

McGurn, Mary Jane, Hastings : Taught in South Hastings.
Mcllvaine, Samuel : Taught in Orillia and Meaford ; was in business in Manitoba

from 1 877 to 1885 ; taught two years in Oakwood High School, Ontario ; is

now in business at Vernon, British Columbia.
McKay, David W. B. : Taught till 1884 in several parts of Ontario, and in

Kansas and California in the United States ; farmed in Manitoba till his death

in 1887.
McKellar, Hugh : Taught in East Zorra, Gait, Paisley, and Teeswater ; went to

Manitoba in 1880 and engaged in business ; acted as immigration agent for the

Province in Toronto, and Moncton ; has been since 1892 in the Department of

Agriculture at Winnipeg ; is Deputy Minister.

McMillan, John : Taught in Tiverton, Bruce County ; died twenty years ago.
Manley, Charles Lewis, Lincoln : Now deceased.

Mulloy, David Willson, Wellington : Now an Accountant in Chicago.
Nichols, Mary Anne, Peterboro : Teaches in Peterboro .
Preston, Sarah : Taught in Lindsay and Peterboro ; went to British Columbia ;

now teaching in Vancouver.

Reilly, Marlow M. , Renfrew ; Robertson, Jane, Welland.

Rowland, Alice Jane : Taught for two years in the Toronto Public Schools ; mar
ried Mr. Woodley ; resides in Toronto.

Scott, William : See biographical sketches of the members of the staff.
Spread, Maggie, Toronto : Now deceased.

Tamblyn, Elizabeth Ann, Toronto ; Trott, Mary Ann, Collingwood.
Walkinshaw, Mary Ann : Teaching in the Toronto Public Schools.
Walsh, Mary Ann : Taught in Durham County, in the Provincial Model School at

Ottawa, and in the Institute for the Blind at Brantford ; married Mr. Wickens,

one of the Institute staff ; still resides at Brantford.

Ward, Edward : Taught in several places in York. Peel and Simcoe, and in the
Collingwood Collegiate Institute before taking his present position of Principal
of the Collingwood Model School, which he has filled for eighteen years.

Ward, Henry : Teaches at Thornhill in South York.

Watt, Elizabeth : Married Mr. Stephen Nairn, formerly of Toronto, now of Winni
peg-

Williams, James Richard : Taiight about four years in Simcoe County ; died very
soon after taking charge of the St. Thomas Public School.

Wilson, John : Taught in various Public and High Schools in Ontario ; removed to
Winnipeg, where he taught in the Collegiate Institute until his death in 1894.

FORTIETH SESSION.

(August, 1868 December, 1868.)

Adkins, Frances Mary, Ingersoll ; Annis, Andrew Emerson, Scarboro .

Boddy, James : Taught for many years in Toronto ; is now engaged in business

there.

Brownlee, Hugh James : Taught for some time ; now resides at Hespeler, Waterloo.
Buckle, Frances Hannah : Has been teaching in the London Schools since 1869.
Burk, Mary Emily : Taught a few months ; married Co!. Samuel Hughes, M.P., of

the Thirty-ninth Session ; now resides at Lindsay.

Burriss, Mary Jane : Married Mr. Graham ; taught in Essex County for two years ;

has taught in London since 1884.
Chadwick, Eliza Miriam : Taught in the Toronto Public Schools from 1876 to 1891 ;

died in 1893.

166

Crothers, Thomas Wilson : Taught for a time ; now practises Law in St. Thomas.

Cockburn, Catharine, Niagara.

Clark, Jessie A. : Married Mr. G. H. Hodgetts in 1874 ; now resides in St.
Catharines.

Dixon, Samuel Eugene : Taught eight years in Castleton, Northumberland, and
has been teaching ever since twenty-one years in a rural school in the same
county.

Drimmie, Daniel : Has taught at intervals in Grey County ; lives on his farm in
Egremont Township.

Dundon, John Steven, Ancaster.

Gray, Emma, Toronto.

Hay, Janet B., Milton.

Hodge, Robert : Now practises Law in Toronto.

Holcroft, Margaretta Sarah, Ingersoll.

Joyce, Mary Greeves : Taught privately for four years, and in the Ottawa Public
Schools till 1880 ; was then appointed to the position of assistant in the
Provincial Model School, Ottawa, and still holds that position.

Kelly, John William, Oxford.

Keasack, Jessie : Taught in London High School ; died about twelve years ago.

Lundy, Louisa Elizabeth : Taught privately in the Town of Simcoe, and afterwards
in High Schools in Ingersoll, Goderich, Peterboro and Gait ; married Ivan
O Beirne in 1875, and after his death taught in private institutions till the
close of 1881 ; has since lived retired, partly at Lundy s Lane and partly in
Toronto.

McCausland, Fannie : Taught a short time in Woodstock ; married Mr. James Mc
Donald ; still resides there.

McCreight, Sarah : Taught for some time in Perth County ; has since taught in the
Toronto Public Schools.

McDowall, Joseph Wm., Owen Sound : Taught for several years ; died many
years ago.

McKee, George, Perth ; McKenzie, Isabella, Madoc ; McKenzie, Mary, York :
McLeod, John, Huron.

Moore, Charlotte Elizabeth : Teaching in the Hamilton Public Schools.

Moran, Alicia, Georgina.

Mullin, Charlotte Ann : Taught in Brant County ; now deceased.

Mullin, Isabella : Taught in Brant County ; now retired.

Munro, Donald L. : Taught five years, part of the time as Principal of Lindsay
Public Schools ; graduated in Arts in Toronto University in 1876 ; entered the
Presbyterian ministry ; has done pastoral work at various places in the United
States ; is now teaching in Stockton, California, U.S.A.

Munshaw, Matilda Caroline : Taught as a governess two years ; removed to Michi
gan and taught there four years ; married Mr. Ezra J . Demorest ; now resides
in Saginaw City, Michigan.

O Brien, Mary Josephine, Toronto.

O Neill, Mary Anne : Married Dr. J. A. Wilson ; now residing in Toronto.

Palmer, Charles, Pickering : Died in Michigan several years ago.

Panton, Jessie Reid Hoyes : Has taught almost continuously, partly in Public and
partly in High Schools ; was seven years on the staff of the Peterboro Col
legiate Institute, and has been since 1886 on that of the Oshawa High School.

Riddell, Margaret E. : Taught for a few years ; now retired.

Robertson, Jannet, Thorold.

Saxton, Josephine Jerusha : Married Mr. Duncan of Castleton ; now deceased.

Sinclair, Barbara, Toronto.

167

Somerville, Peterina : Taught one year in Gait, and twenty-five in Dundas ; retired

on account of failing health.
Spink, Jane Elizabeth : Taught two years in Haldimand County ; married Mr.

William Arthurs ; taught afterwards two years in Brockville, and from 1876

to the present time has been teaching in Toronto.
Telford, Marion, Oshawa.
Templeton, Sarah Jane : Taught in Belleville for many years ; is now a teacher in

the Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, Belleville.
Thompson, John Nixon : Taught several years in Durham County ; entered the

medical profession, and after practising in other places settled in Omemee,

where he still resides.

Turnbull, Elizabeth : Is now teaching in the Hamilton Public Schools.

Vercoe, James, Elgin : Entered the medical profession.

Wallace, Jane : Taught about four years in Peel County ; married Mr. L. Cheyne ;

resides in Brampton.

Weir, Sarah Emma : Married ; lives near Hamilton.
Wood, Frank : Taught in Waterloo and Simcoe Counties till 1877 ; was Principal

of the Bradford Model School till 1884 ; has since that time been Principal of

the Port Hope Model School.

FORTY-FIRST SESSION.

(January, 1869 June, 1869.)

Alford, William : Taught in the Provincial Model School, Ottawa from September,
1880, until August, 1881 ; now in the Civil Service of the Dominion.

Ashmore, Sarah Anne : Taught in the Brantford Young Ladies College ; now
deceased.

Bergey, David : Taught in Waterloo County till 1890 ; is now farming in Wilmot
Township.

Bigelow, George : Taught in Public Schools in Stormont County till 1889 ; went
into business in Cornwall, where he still resides.

Birchard, I. J., M. A., Ph.D.: Taught in Public Schools for some time ; graduated
in Arts in Toronto University in 1880 ; was Principal of Perth Collegiate In
stitute for a short time, and Mathematical Master in the Brantford Collegiate
Institute from 1882 to 1893 ; has been since the latter year Mathematical
Master in one of the Toronto Collegiate Institutes.

Black, Annie : Taught till 1879 in Simcoe County.

Blatchford, Thomas : Taught for some time in Huron County ; is now in the
Methodist ministry.

Bretz, Abram : Taught for some years in Tavistock ; now in business in Toronto.

Brotherhood, Amelia Eliza : Taught many years in Alma College, St. Thomas ; is
now teaching in Salt Lake City University, Utah.

Brown, James : Is in the Customs Office at Niagara Falls South.

Buckle, Sarah Amy : Has taught in Lcndon from 1870 to the present time.

Campbell, Jane Ann : Now Mrs. Dr. Hurlburt of Mitchell, Ont.

Chambers, Annie Catharine, Peterboro .

Clapp, David Philip : Graduated in Arts in Toronto University in 1877 ; has been
for some time Public School Inspector for North Wellington.

Copeland, George : Taught two years ; entered the Methodist ministry ; is at pre
sent on the Deseronto Circuit.

Crane, Laura Cornelia, Elgin : Married to Mr. Cavers.

Crisp, Emma Matilda : Now Mrs. McArthur ; teaching in Hamilton Public Schools.

168

Crossley, Hugh Thomas : Taught four years ; entered the Methodist ministry and

did pastoral work for five years ; has, with Rev. J. E. Hunter, been for the

past fourteen years engaged in evangelistic work in Canada and the United

States.
Gumming, Louisa Ellen : Taught in Simcoe and afterwards in Oxford ; has been

teaching in Woodstock fifteen years.
Davis, Samuel Percy : Graduated in Arts in Toronto University in 1877 ; was

Principal of Pickering College ; died while in that position.
Dicken