Toront o
of
To- Day
Field Marshal His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, K.G., K.T.,
K.P.. G.M.B., G.C.S.I., G.C.M.G., G.C.I.E., G.C.K.O., P.C., Governor-General of Canada
"I do not know of a prouder position for any Englishman to hold than that of his
Majesty's representative as Governor-General of Canada. When my late brother, King
Edward the Seventh, asked me to accept this high post, an offer which was renewed after his
death by our present gracious Sovereign, I felt great doubt as to whether I could do justice
to so high a position. I had no doubt that 1 should be a friend of the Canadians to-day as
I was forty-three years ago. Since I have been in Canada during the last year and a half,
I have felt more and more that I have been able to gain the keen sympathy and, I
venture to say, the affection of the whole Canadian people. I am sure you will believe
me when I say that I have never spent a happier year and a half.
"To Englishmen who have not been in Canada I say the sooner they go the better.
It is moving with leaps and bounds." (From speech by His Royal Highness to the
Canadian Club in London.
TORONTO
OF TO-DAY
TO COMMEMORATE THE TWELFTH
INTERNATIONAL
GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS
TORONTO
MORANG & COMPANY LIMITED
PUBLISHERS
TORONTO CANADA
1913
Copyright, Canada, 1913
MORANG & COMPANY, LIMITED
Controller T. L. Church
The Toronto Board
of Control
H. C. Hocken
Mayor
1913
Controller J. O'Neill
Controller T. Foster
Controller J. O. McCarthy
//<mma
name Toronto, originally spelled Otoronto or Otoronton and
meaning "much" and then "many people" or "a place where many
people meet," was first applied to the district between Lake
Simcoe and Lake Huron. In 1680 the Governor of Canada, the
Marquis de Denonville, wrote to France : " The letters I wrote to
Sieurs du Lhu and de la Durantaye of which I sent you copies
will inform you of my orders to them to fortify the two passages
leading to Michilimaquina. Sieur du Lhu is at that of the Detroit of Lake Erie, and Sieur
de la Durantaye at that of the portage of Toronto. These two posts will block the passage
against the English, if they undertake to go again to Michilimaquina and will serve as
retreats to the savages, our allies, either while hunting or marching against the Iroquois."
At this date no such name was used of any place on Lake Ontario. A little later the
waterways from Lake Simcoe to Lake Ontario, the one by the Otonabee and Trent, the
other by the Humber, seemed to have been called " Toronto River." Finally for some
unknown reason possibly because of the dispersal of the H urons the name was attached
to the point on the shore of Lake Ontario where the path or portage to the Lake Simcoe
district began. This point became very important when the English established a fort at
Oswego and commenced to attract thither for fur-trading the Indians from the country
around Toronto. The French were compelled to meet the situation by building a trading-
post and fort here in 1749. They called the post Fort Rouille after the French Colonial
Minister of the day, but the name Toronto was too firmly fixed in popular usage to
disappear. Traces of the old fort remained until the year 1878 and its site is now
indicated by an obelisk which rises near the southwest corner of the Exhibition Grounds.
The fort has been described "as a stockaded, wooden store- house, with quarters for a
keeper and a few regular soldiers." In 1752 the Abbe Picquet found here ''good bread
Page Ten Toronto of To-day
and good wine and everything requisite for the trade, while they were in want of these
things at all the other posts." Mr. Pouchot, the last French commandant at Fort
Toronto Bay at Daylight
Niagara, in his "Memoir upon the war in North America, 1755-60" referred to "The
Fort of Toronto" as being "at the end of the bay (i.e. the west end) upon the side which
is quite elevated and covered with flat
rock. Vessels cannot approach within
cannon shot. The fort was very well
built, piece upon piece, but was only
useful for trade. A league west of the
fort is the mouth of the Toronto river,
which is of considerable size. This river
communicates with Lake Huron by a
portage of fifteen leagues, and is fre-
quented by the Indians who come from
the north."
Fort Toronto was neither strong nor
prominent enough to play any large
part in the great war between the French
and the English. Its keeper reported
in 1752 that the English were stirring
up the Indians and "that they would
give a good deal to get the savages
to destroy the Fort, on account of
the injury it does to their trade at
Chouegen (Oswego)," and in 1757 some
ninety Mississagas, a tribe usually in
High Park league with the French, seem to have
Toronto of To-day Pa ^ e E ^ven
thought of attacking it to get at the brandy and supplies, but were kept off by
the arrival of troops from Niagara. The fall of Fort Frontenac in 1758 and the
danger coming from all sides upon French Canada led the Governor, M. de Vaudreuil,
to issue orders in that year that if the enemy appeared at Toronto the buildings there
were to be burned and the men to retire to Niagara. His orders were executed in the
following year.
The first Englishmen of whose visit to Toronto any record remains were an
expedition under Major Rogers, Avho entered the Bay on September 30th, 1760. "There
Municipal Reception to H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught
was," he wrote, "a tract of about three hundred acres of cleared ground around the
place where formerly the French had a fort that was called Fort Toronto. The soil
here is principally clay, the deer are extremely plenty in this country. Some Indians
were hunting at the mouth of the river, who ran into the woods at our approach, very
much frightened. They came in, however, in the morning, and testified their joy at the
news of our success against the French. I think Toronto a most convenient place for a
factory (a trading post); and that from thence we may easily settle the north shore of
Lake Erie." Trade was soon resumed and proved so valuable that in 1767 " traders of
long experience and good circumstances were willing to pay 1,000 for the exclusive trade
of the place for one season." In 1788 the harbour was described by Mr. Collins, deputy
surveyor-general of the Province of Quebec, as " capacious, safe, and well-sheltered,"
and after the establishment of the Province of Upper Canada in 1791 the Imperial
officials began to consider the place as a possible site for the future capital. TIic Gazette
of May 9th, 1793, published at Newark (Niagara), refers to the first excursion which the
Lieutenant-Governor, Colonel Simcoe, made to Toronto : " On Thursday last, May 2nd,
his Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor, accompanied by several military gentlemen,
set out in boats for Toronto, round the head of Lake Ontario by Burlington Bay. In
the evening H. M. vessels, the Caldwcll and liuffalo, sailed for the same place." The
Onondago was already there with its commander, Joseph Bouchette, who was engaged
on the first survey of the harbour. " It fell to my lot," wrote Bouchette, " to make the
first survey of York Harbour in 1793. Lieutenant-Governor, the late General Simcoe,
Toronto of To-day
who then resided at Navy Hall, Niagara, having formed extensive plans for the improve-
ment of the colony, had resolved upon laying the foundations of a provincial capital. I
was at that period in the naval service of the lakes, and the survey of Toronto (York)
Harbour was entrusted by His Excellency to my performance. I still distinctly recollect
the untamed aspect which the country exhibited when first I entered the beautiful basin
which thus became the scene of my early hydrographical operations. Dense and trackless
forests lined the margin of the lake,
and reflected their inverted images
in its glassy surface. The wander-
ing savage had constructed his
ephemeral habitation beneath their
luxuriant foliage, the group then
consisting of two families of Miss-
issagas, and the bay and neighbour-
ing marshes were the hitherto
uninvaded haunts of immense
coveys of wild fowl. Indeed they
were so abundant as in some
measure to annoy us during the
night."
The result of the Governor's
visit was expressed in a despatch
written by himself on May 13th,
"It is with great pleasure that I
offer to you some observations on the military strength and naval convenience of Toronto,
now York, which I propose immediately to occupy. I lately examined the harbour,
accompanied by such soldiers, naval and military, as I thought most competent to give
assistance thereon, and upon minute investigation, I found it to be, without comparison,
the most proper situation for an arsenal, in every extent of the word, that can be met
with in this Province." No higher or more important tribute was ever paid to the natural
advantages of Toronto. The Governor at once proceeded to carry out his purpose. "A
few days ago," said the Gazette of August 1st, 1793, -'the First Division of Her Majesty's
Corps of Queen's Rangers left Queenston for Toronto, now York,andproceededin batteaux
round the head of the Lake Ontario by Burlington Bay and shortly afterwards another
Division of the same Regiment sailed in the King's vessels, the Onondttgo and Ca/dzccl/,
for the same place. On Monday evening (July 29th, 1793) his Excellency, the Lieutenant-
Governor, left Navy Hall, and embarked on board His Majesty's schooner, the Misxiwuga,
which sailed immediately with a favorable gale for York, with the remainder of the
Queen's Rangers." No detailed account of the Governor's landing or arrangements
remains though, according to Bouchette, " His Excellency inhabited during the summer
and through the winter a canvas house, which he imported expressly for the occasion;
but frail as was its substance it was rendered exceedingly comfortable, and soon became
as distinguished for the social and urbane hospitality of its venerated and gracious host,
as for the peculiarity of its structure." On August 27th, in honour of a victory gained
West Entrance to Parliament Buildings
Page Thirteen
Toronto of To-day
by the Duke of York a royal salute was fired, and the Canadian York was officially
founded. A week later the Executive Council held its first meeting at York. The
following winter was spent here by the Governor and his family, and in February, 17i>4,
Simcoe wrote home ; " York is the most important and defensible situation in Upper
Canada, or that I have seen in North America. The communication with Lake Huron
is very easy, in five or six days, and will in all respects be of the most essential importance."
In March building operations seem to have commenced. An old plan shows Mr. Small's
The Parliament Buildings
house on the corner of King and Berkeley Streets, and the roadway marked " Road to
Quebec." The town was laid out in the form of a parallelogram defined on the west by
George Street, on the east by Ontario Street, on the north by Duchess Street, and on
the south by Palace Street. The names of the streets of the town reflected the intense
loyalty of the founder and the early inhabitants, the Royal family being honoured
wherever an opportunity was offered. Steps were immediately taken to errect the public
buildings, as is shown by a notice in the Gazette of July 10th, 1"!)4: Wanted Carpen-
ters for the Public Buildings to be erected at York." In the following year two French
visitors reported that only twelve houses had been erected at " Yorck." " They stand on the
bay near the River Don." A block-house guarded each side of the entrance to the
harbour. The barracks for the Governor's regiment was situated near the lake two miles
from the town. " In a circumference of one hundred and fifty miles the Indians are the
only neighbours of York." In 1796 ''a cart-road from the harbour of York to Lake
Page Fourteen Toronto of To-day
Simcoe " was surveyed and called Yonge Street, after Sir George Yonge, Secretary-at-
war. During this same period a summer chateau for the Governor, Chateau Frank
(so called after the Governor's son, Frank) was built on an eminence overlooking the Don,
and situated not far from the northern boundary of the present St. James' cemetery. A
letter written by Mr. Russell at Niagara to Mr. JNlcGill at York, in December, 1796,
expresses the " hope that the ladies may be able to enjoy the charming carioling (sleighing)
which you must have on your Bay, and
up the Yonge Street road, and to the
H umber, and up the Don to Castle Frank,
where an early dinner must be picturesque
and delightful." On June 1st, 1797, the
Legislature of Upper Canada met for the
first time at York.
The friendly circumstances which at-
tended the foundation of the new capital
continued during the first years of the
nineteenth century. In 1803 the town
had a population of 456 persons and an
area of 420 acres. The value of property
was 14,871 and the annual tax 62. In
the same year subscriptions were taken for
the erection of a church which developed
many years afterwards into Saint James'
Cathedral. In 1807 the first public school
was established. In 1812, Rev. Dr. John
Strachan, who was to play such a promin-
ent part in the history of York, came here
from Cornwall. At this juncture, however,
the steady progress of the community was
interrupted by the war with the United
States; it was from York that General Brock issued his stirring appeals to the
province. " When invaded by an enemy whose avowed object is the entire conquest
of the Province, the voice of loyalty, as well as of interest, calls aloud to every person,
in the sphere in which he is placed, to defend his country. Our militia have heard that
voice and have obeyed; they have evinced in the promptitude and loyalty of their
conduct that they are worthy of the king whom they serve, and of the institutions
which they enjoy; and it affords me particular satisfaction in that, while I address you
as legislators, I speak to men who, in the day of. danger, will be ready to assist not
only with their counsel but with their arms." To York he returned on August 27th,
1812, after his victorious expedition to Detroit. Some six weeks later the town mourned
his death and that of Macdonnell at Queenston Heights. The following year saw
York itself drawn into the full current of the war. An American fleet, consisting of ten
armed vessels carrying fifty guns, effected a landing on April 27th, and occupied the
place for eleven days. The two brick Halls of Parliament, with the library and records
Queen Victoria Memorial
Toronto of To-day p * F '
were destroyed by fire. Three months afterwards Commodore Chauncey returned, to
prevent reinforcements going from York to the British entrenched on Burlington
Heights. He remained two days effecting some slight damage.
This was the only direct experience which York had of the war. When peace came,
it resumed its quiet and steady development. By 1815 the population had risen 2,500,
and the number of buildings to 300. At the session of the legislature held in 1821 the
Royal assent was declared to the Act passed
in 1819, for the establishment of a bank,
to be called the Bank of Upper Canada.
Still the impression made upon strangers
was none too favourable, if the account
given by a Scotch visitor in 1823 betaken
as an example. " The land all round the
harbour and behind the town is low,
swampy and apparently of inferior quality ;
and it could not be easily drained, as it
lies almost on the level with the surface of
the lake. The town, in which there are
some good houses, contains about 3,000
inhabitants. There is little land cleared in
the immediate vicinity, and this circum-
stance increases the natural unpleasantness
of the situation. The trade of York is
very trifling, and it owes its present popula-
ation and magnitude entirely to its being
the seat of government; for it is destitute
of every advantage, except that of a good
harbour." More detailed though not more
flattering is the description of Mr. Edward
Allen Talbot in 1825. " Though York is
the capital of an extensive colony it would
in Europe be considered but a village. Its
defenceless situation which cannot be much improved renders it of little importance
in time of war. In the year 1793 there was only one wigwam on the site of this town.
It now has 1,336 inhabitants and about 250 houses, many of which exhibit a very
neat appearance. The public buildings are a Protestant Episcopal church, a Roman
Catholic chapel, a Presbyterian and a Methodist meeting house, the hospital, the Parlia-
ment House, and the residence of the Lieutenant Governor. The Parliament House
erected in 1820 (destroyed by fire 1824) is a large and convenient brick building finished
off in the plainest possible manner. The York Hospital is the most extensive public
building in the province, and its external appearance is very respectable. The house
in which the Lieutenant-Governor resides is built of wood, and though by no means
contemptible is much inferior to some private houses in the town, particularly to
that of the honourable and venerable Dr. Strachan. Many of the law and government
officers have very elegant seats in and about the town, and with few exceptions they are
Memorial to Col. John Craves Simcoe,
First Governor of Upper Canada
Page Sitte
Toronto of To-day
built of wood and assunje a most inviting aspect. The streets of York are regularly
laid out intersecting each other at right angles. Only one of them, however, is yet
completely built ; and in wet weather the unfinished streets are, if possible, muddier
and dirtier than those of Kingston. The situation of the town is very unhealthy for it
stands on a piece of low marshy land which is better calculated for a frog pond or beaver
meadow than for the residence of human beings. The inhabitants are on this
account much subject, particularly in spring and autumn, to agues and intermittent
fevers; and probably five-sevenths of the people are annually afflicted with this com-
plaint. He who first fixed upon this
spot as the site of the capital of Upper
Canada, whatever predilection he may
have had for the roaring of frogs and
for the effluvia arising from stagnated
water and putrid vegetables, can
certainly have had no very great
regard for preserving the lives of His
Majesty's subjects."
However, the community con-
tinued to make way against these
disadvantages. In 1829 tenders were
called for the erection of new Par-
liament Buildings, and the building of
Osgoode Hall was commenced. A
year later Upper Canada College
received its first pupils. By 1834 the
population was fully 8,000. It was
decided therefore to seek incorpora-
tion. The Act of March 1834
divided the city into five wards with
two aldermen and two councilmen
from each ward, and a mayor elected
by the aldermen and councilmen from
among themselves ; and it restored the
old and beautiful name Toronto. The elections were held immediately, and " con-
sidering the very unusual excitement which previously prevailed on the subject, passed off
compararatively quietly, there being but few black eyes and bloody noses to be counted."
At the termination of the engagement William Lyon Mackenzie, elected alderman from
St. David's ward, was chosen mayor by his colleagues. To him the city owes its arms
and motto: "Industry, Intelligence, Integrity." The year which opened so aus-
piciously was unfortunately marked by the advent of Asiatic cholera which carried
off one in twenty of the population.
As capital of the Province Toronto witnessed many scenes in the constitutional
agitation which had begun early in the century and was now coming to a head. In
1824. William Lyon Mackenzie had removed the office of his newspaper, The Colonial
Sir John Macdonald Memorial
Toronto Of TO -daV f"ge Seventeen
Advocate from Queenston to this city, and many incidents in his stormy career are
connected with Toronto. In 1837 the discontent found expression in an armed revolt
which made the capital its objective but which was frustrated at Montgomery's tavern,
three miles north.
From the plague and the rebellion Toronto recovered rapidly. Even the transfer
of the seat of government to Kingston in 1841 after the two Canadas were united did
not turn back the tide of its prosperity. In this very year, 1841, the population passed
Monument to commemorate the Canadians who died in defence of
the Empire in South Africa, 1900-1901
the 15,000 mark and gas works for the lighting of the streets were in operation. The
description of the place given by visitors became more favourable. "On steaming'up the
harbour," wrote Sir Richard Henry Bonnycastle in 1845, "I was greatly surprised and
very much pleased to see such an alteration as Toronto has undergone for the better
since 1837. Then although a flourishing village, be-citied to be sure, it was not one-third
of its present size. Now it is a city in earnest with upwards of 20,000 inhabitants gas-
lit, with good plank sidewalks and macadamized streets, with vast sewers and fine
houses of brick or stone. The main street, King Street, is two miles and more in length
and would not do shame to any town, and has a much more English look than most
Canadian places have." His judgment is supported by that of a local writer in 1846.
Page Eighteen Toronto of To-day
"The improvements made in the city of Toronto within the last two years have
been astounding. Many new buildings (and those the handsomest in the city) have been
erected; and the sidewalks, several of which were in a very dilapidated state and some
almost impassable, have been relaid and much improved. Toronto now contains 92
streets, the plank portion of King Street being about two miles long. The extreme
length of the city from the Don bridge to the western limits is upwards of three miles.
Property which was purchased a few years for a mere trifle has increased wonderfully
Yachts leaving Toront
in value, and many houses on King Street pay a ground rent of $500. Rents are
generally as high as in the best business situations in London, and some houses in good
situations for business let at from 1,000 to .$1,250 per annum. There are within the
city twenty-five churches and chapels, ten newspapers and three monthly periodicals.
The city is lighted with gas and there are waterworks for the conveyance of water from
the bay to the different houses; and there are also in the city regular stages for coaches
and hacks. Steamboats leave daily for Kingston, Hamilton, Niagara, Queenston,
Lewiston and Rochester, calling at Port Hope and Cobourg. Omnibuses have been
established to run regularly to Richmond Hill, Thornhill, Cooksville and Streets ville,
and every hour from the market place to Yorkville. A house ferry boat plies during
the day between the city and the opposite island, and there are fifteen common schools
in operation."
This prosperity received a check from the fire of 1849, which was more than
compensated for in that year by the establishment of Toronto as the seat of the Canadian
government alternately with Quebec. In 1851 began the construction of the first rail-
way to serve the needs of this locality, the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Railways, known
later as the Northern. Four years later the Grand Trunk was opened between Toronto
and Montreal. The government offices remained at Toronto until 1859. Two years
Toronto of To-day
Page Nineteen
later the population had risen to 44,821, and "the extent and excellence of the public
edifices" in the city won the admiration of Dr. William Howard Russell, the well-known
correspondent of the London Times. The judgment of Anthony Trollope is more
interesting if less complimentary. "Toronto, as a city, is not generally attractive to a
traveller. The country around it is flat; and though it stands on a lake, that lake has
no attributes of beauty. Large inland seas such as these great northern lakes of
America never have such attributes. . . . The streets in Toronto are paved with wood,
or rather planked, as are those of Montreal and Quebec; but they are kept in better
order. I should say that the planks are first used at Toronto, then sent down by the
lake to Montreal, and when all but rotted out there, are again floated off by the
Yachts going to starting buoy
St. Lawrence to be used in the thoroughfares of the old French capital. ... I had
the honour of meeting two distinguished members of the Provincial Parliament at dinner
some few miles out of town and returning back a short time after they had left our
'host's' house, was glad to be of use in picking them up from a ditch into which their
carriage had been upset. To me it appeared all but miraculous that any carriage
should make its way over that road without such misadventure."
Toronto had a melancholy interest in the battle of Ridgeway, where seven of its
citizens lost their lives. In the year following the city again became the seat of govern-
ment; on December 27th the first Provincial Legislature of Ontario was opened. The
census of 1871 gave the population as 56,092, and the rate of progress there indicated
was continued in spite of a commercial depression, until 1881, when the inhabitants
numbered 77,OH4. Dr. Russell who returned in this latter year was as favourably im-
pressed as before. "Toronto, seen under the most disadvantageous circumstances, was
noted to be very surprising, for my friends had heard, so much of the
immobility, if not backsliding of Canada, that they were not prepared for such very
fine buildings and such a great array of wharves and quays on the lake, and
the great fleet of craft alongside them. . . . Some day, surely, this place of
meeting which is, I believe, the meaning of the name, must be of greater importance
Page Tu
Toronto of To-day
than it is now, rapid as has been its growth, and great as is its present prosperity. . . .
Toronto has increased in all the elements of wealth and consequence by springs and
bounds, and since 1861, when I was there, its population has doubled, and it is increasing
still very rapidly." The expectations of this friendly observer have been more than
realized. The history of the city since 1881 has been an uneventful record of almost
continuous growth. This growth has been especially remarkable within the last ten
years, in which period the population has increased 130 per cent., capital invested 210
per cent., customs revenue '200 per cent., post office revenue 180 per cent., manufactures
have increased 105 per cent., building permits 550 per cent., business firms 80 per cent.,
and bank clearings 150 per cent.
The present population is estimated at 470,000 and occupies an area of 33*09
Allen Gardens, presented by the late Hon. C. W. Allen, Senator
square miles, 16 '20 square miles more than in 1908. The assessment for 1913 is
$436,130,637, an amount $125,000,000 greater than that for 1912; the property exempt
from assessment is valued at $45,764,033.
The clearest indication of the rapidity at which the city is expanding is afforded
by the construction of streets and buildings which is going on on every side. Not
merely are the limits of population being carried many miles into the country, but the
older parts of the city are constantly being rebuilt. It is indeed found difficult to pro-
vide either streets or buildings enough for the demand. At present Greater Toronto
contains 1,645 streets and 88,024 buildings of all kinds. The streets are in all 515 miles
long and are paved for two-thirds of their length. When the growth of the city and the
traffic is taken into account the condition of the streets must be considered satisfactory.
Toronto of To-day
The building activity is peculiarly remarkable. In the year 1912 alone the
building permits totalled 7,173, and 10,217 new buildings were erected 83 factories, 66
warehouses, 383 stores and 5,675 dwellings at a cost of $27,401,761, an amount
$3,000,000 in excess of that spent during 1911. The number and cost of new buildings
in Toronto are greater than in any other
Canadian city.
In a new community developing so
quickly the various services can scarcely
be maintained at a standard adequate to
the growing needs. Still Toronto has
been successful in providing a satisfactory
sewerage system which is 364 miles long,
adequate fire protection there are 27 fire
stations, with 350 signal boxes and a
brigade 335 strong and an excellent
police force numbering 500 men. The
water for the city is obtained from Lake
Moonlight from Scarboro Bluffs
Ontario, and owing to the care of an
efficient health department and by means
of a new filtration plant can be used for all
purposes with complete safety. During
last year some 45,000,000 gallons of water
were pumped on the average every twenty-
four hours.
The material foundation of the pros-
perity now enjoyed by Toronto is laid
very deep and strong. The aggregate
revenue in 1912 from the customs, which
indicate perhaps more plainly than any-
thing else the volume of business, was $20,261,577 as compared with $6,003,510 in
1902, and indicated imports to the value of $120,000,000. It is interesting to remember
by way of comparison that in 1867, the year of Confederation, the imports of Toronto
amounted to $7,000,000. In the matter of customs returns Toronto has now surpassed
Sunlight the Woods near Howard Park
Page Taenty-two Toronto of To-day
all other Canadian ports of entry. The expenditure of 2,000,000 this year on pro-
viding adequate accommodation for the Customs House is justified by this progress.
Equally significant are the postal earnings, which were $2,217,704 in 1912 as against
$998,951 in 1907. The city is promised a new General Post Office such as the require-
ments of business demand.
The Toronto bank clearings tell the same story of remarkable progress. In 1912
they amounted to $2,100,229,476 as against $1,228,905,517 in 1907, and were
Rosedale Ravine
r ,831,871 greater than in 1D11. Toronto leads the cities of Canada as a banking
centre. Nine of the twenty-five chartered banks of the Dominion have their head offices
in this city, with an aggregate authorized capital of $92,000,000. There are in addition
five trust companies, with a paid-up capital of about $5,000,000, three of which
practically conduct a banking business. Seventy-six insurance companies do business in
Toronto, and about twenty-five of them have their head offices here.
Within recent years the city has attracted manufacturing establishments in great
numbers, as is shown by a comparison between the years 1902 and 1912. In 1902 the
capital in such establishments amounted to $60,000,000, the salaries and wages paid to
$16,000,000, the products to $5,000,000. By 1912 the capital had risen to $145,799,381,
the salaries and wages to $40,000,000, the products to $67,000,000. The city must now
possess at least 1,000 factories. All the business interests of Toronto are represented by a
very active Board of Trade which has 2,800 members and is the largest organization of the
kind in the British overseas Dominions. The local branch of the Canadian Manufactu-
rers' Association has 800 members. The tallest building under the Union Jack has
Toronto of To-day Pa * Tw,nty-th m
recently been erected by the Canadian Pacific Railway on the corner of King and Yonge
Streets. Business is facilitated by the excellent service of the Bell Telephone Company
which supplies 40,000 telephones.
The proximity of Toronto to Niagara puts an almost unlimited supply of electrical
energy at the disposal of the city. Power
is provided by the Hydro Power Com-
mission which is appointed by the citizens
and co-operates with the provincial Hydro-
Electric Commission, and also by a private
company, the Toronto Electric Light
Company. No city has a better or more
artistic scheme of street lighting. Toronto
is also well served by the Consumers' Gas
Company, upon whose directorate the
city is represented by the mayor, and
Rosedale Ravine
whose rates are abnormally low, 70c. per
thousand.
Transportation within the city is fur-
nished by an electric railway operated,
under a franchise, by the Toronto Street
Railway company. The Company has 133
miles of single track, carries 135,000,000
passengers a year, and earns $5,373,874.65,
twenty per cent, of which goes into the
city treasury. To meet the needs of the
growing population the city has recently
begun to provide its own service in the north-eastern district where a line six miles
in length is already in operation. Radial lines run from the city borders far into the
surrounding country the Metropolitan line to the north has its terminus at Lake
Simcoe, sixty miles away. For the larger railway companies Toronto is of course
A Tributary of the Dor
Toronto of To-day
a most important point. The Canadian Pacific, the Grand Trunk and the Canadian
Northern all have large yards and offices here. Toronto is the headquarters of
the last named company. Lake Ontario provides still another highway for the city.
The steamship lines furnish excellent communication with Hamilton, Niagara, Montreal
and American ports. When the new harbour is completed upon which the Dominion
Government and the city are to spend $19,000,000 water
transportation will experience an unprecedented development.
At present vessels use the harbour representing a tonnage
of 1,831,550.
Toronto is divided into seven wards, is governed by a coun-
cil of twenty aldermen, four controllers and the mayor
chosen by the citizens at large. The City Hall is one
of the finest municipal buildings on the continent. It cost
82,500,000 and has a floor space of over five acres, a tower
three hundred feet high, and the largest winding clock in
America. The present tax rate is 19 mills.
The school system and the police of the city are controlled
by bodies distinct from the council, the Board of Education in
the one case, and the Police Commissioners in the other. The
Board of Education is elected by the ratepayers in wards ;
the Police Commissioners are the mayor, the county judge
and the police magistrate.
Toronto is the capital of the Province of Ontario, and seat
of the Provincial Government. The Legislative Buildings
containing the Government offices, the Legislative Chamber,
and an excellent library occupy a prominent position in Queen's Park. A new residence
for the Lieutenant-Governor is just being built in the north-eastern limits of the city.
Toronto has often been described as "the city of churches," or "the city of
homes. " There are 211 churches. Toronto is the seat of an Anglican bishop and of a
Roman Catholic archbishop, and the centre from which many of the important Boards
in the Methodist, Presbyterian and Baptist churches direct their activities.
A visitor to any of the residential districts, especially Rosedale, will be struck by
the number and architectural beauty of the private houses, by the care with which lawns
and gardens have been planned and are kept, and by the cleanliness and picturesqueness
of the boulevarded streets. A wise policy has secured to Toronto an unusually large
number of handsome shade trees.
The philanthropic and charitable institutions of the city are very numerous and
well established. The new General Hospital, erected at a cost of $3,500,000, has
accommodation for 650 patients. The new Central Y.M.C.A. has cost 540,000, raised
by public subscription from the citizens, and will have 2,700 members.
Toronto is the educational centre of the Province of Ontario. The Provincial
University, the University of Toronto, is situated in Queen's Park to the west of the
Legislative Buildings. It has 4,000 students in the faculties of Arts, Medicine, Applied
Kidgeway Monument
Toronto of To-day Pe Twenty-five
Science, education, and Forestry, and almost as many more in affiliated institutions.
McMaster University, a separate institution supported by the Baptist Church, has 392
students. The Provincial Law School is situated in Osgoode Hall. The public school
system of Toronto includes 80 Public and Separate Schools, 10 High Schools, a Tech-
nical School and a Commercial High School. A new Technical School is being built
at a cost of 2,000,000 dollars. In these schools 1,220 teachers instruct 48,718 pupils.
Outside the system there is a great number of private schools, such as Upper Canada
College and Saint Andrew's College, which attract boys and girls from all parts of
Canada. None of the educational institutions is more valuable or popular than the
Public Library which now has nine branches, 195,000 books and is used by 700,000 people.
Toronto is distinguished for its love of music. It supports several large choruses,
among them the Mendelssohn Choir which has won great praise in New York, Boston
Old Bridge over Don
and Chicago from the critics and the general public. In no city of the same size on this
continent are better facilities provided for the study of music. There are several large
conservatories, one with 2,000 students enrolled, and the visits of distinguished artists
make available a long and excellent concert-season. During recent years several
exhibitions have been held, which have illustrated the remarkable development of
painting and sculpture in Toronto A permanent art museum is soon to be erected on
the grounds of the Grange, which Mr. Goldwin Smith bequeathed to the city. Mean-
while a unique collection of antiquities is being gathered in the new Provincial Museum.
" What Toronto thinks to-day Canada thinks to-morrow." From this city issue
many of the great newspapers which shape Canadian public opinion. Six daily news-
papers, sixty weeklies, and over one hundred semi-weeklies and monthlies are published
here.
The opportunities for recreation and amusement in and around Toronto are very
ample. The city parks, covering 2,000 acres in all, are well situated and suitably main-
tained. The visitor is especially recommended to visit High Park on the west. In
Riverdale Park on the east a carefully selected Zoo is being established. The natural
surroundings of Toronto are exceptionally beautiful, particularly the Rosedale ravines
and the Humber and Don River valleys. Drives and parks systems are being planned
which will preserve for the public at least some of their beauties. The island, across the
Bay, is within very easy reach of the city and provides an attractive and cool resort
Toronto of To-day
during the summer months. The Bay and Lake furnish every possible opportunity for
boating in summer; ice-boating on the Bay in winter is a very popular sport. The city
is provided with seven large theatres arid many auditoriums and halls; among the latter
are Massey Hall, which is much used for concerts and seats 2,000 people, and the Arena
which is used for large public gatherings and serves as an artificial ice rink in winter.
Golf, tennis, bowling and other athletic clubs of all kinds are very numerous and well
appointed. With the growth of the city as a social and financial centre has come a large
increase in the number and size of city clubs. Notable among these are the York,
Toronto, National, Ontario, Albany, University, and American Clubs.
The city and the numbers of the travelling public have grown so rapidly within
recent years that even the present large and commodious hotels can scarcely meet the
demands made upon them. It is expected that in the very near future the accommoda-
tion will be increased by the enlargement of some of the existing buildings and the
erection of new and more palatial structures.
Toronto is assured of a prosperous and interesting future. It is a very many-
sided city and has not made the mistake of developing some branches of its civic
life at the expense of the others. It is a successful business and industrial com-
munity. Its citizens and its financial
houses are known throughout Canada for
their ability and energy. It draws its
supplies of food and of new citizens largely
from the Ontario countryside which for
beauty, fertility and the variety of its pro-
ducts is unsurpassed. It has, however,
combined with its pursuit of material
success an unfailing appreciation of and
interest in the arts and things of the mind.
Its universities and schools, its newspapers
and magazines, its artists and musicians
are encouraged by the community and
assisted in their endeavours to enhance the
dignity and the reputation of Toronto.
Its citizens are public spirited. The
growth of the city has created new and
difficult problems. The money and ser-
vice needed to meet them are not want-
ing. Nowhere are public institutions and
good causes of any kind more generously
supported. Increasing wealth and leisure
A Corner in Hieh Park -11 i ,-n f
will bring still greater opportunities for
the betterment of all classes in the community, for the improvement of education, and the
cultivation of scholarship and of excellence in literature, music and art. That Toronto
may fulfill this great duty of ordering her own life well and of thus affording an
example to all Canada must be the hope and the inspiration of every citizen.
N 177-t, eleven years after the cession of Canada by France to Great
Britain, the Province of Quebec was founded by the Quebec Act
passed in that year. This province included all the possessions
previously in the hands
of France north of the
New England colonies
and of Pennsylvania
and east of the territory
granted to the Hudson Bay
Co. In 1791, the Province of
Upper Canada was carved out
of the former Province of
Quebec by the Constitutional
Act. Under this Act Upper
Canada was provided with a
Lieutenant-Govern or, the
Governor of both the provinc-
es being resident at Quebec.
The first Lieutenant-Governor
of Upper Canada was Lieuten-
ant-General Simcoe. Prior to
his arrival in this country,
General Simcoe drew up a formidable list
of projects which he announced his in-
tention of promoting so soon as he should
arrive at his seat of government. Among these projects was one for the foundation of
a university. He found that it was impossible to carry to a successful issue this and
other parts of his educational policy, but almost immediately after his departure from
the province, the two houses of the provincial legislature forwarded in 1797 to King
The Great Door to Main Building, University
of Toronto
Pag, Twenty-eight Toronto of To-day
George the Third an address praying for the endowment of a university by means of a
grant of a portion of all waste lands of the Crown.
The British Government directed that this should be done, and in the following
year (1798) the Provincial Government set apart 549,217 acres of Crown lands for the
endowment of grammar schools and of a university. These lands were not all
immediately available because some of them were remote from existing settlements,
and the allocation was revised in 1827 when about one half of the land grant was
exchanged for lands belonging to the Crown and under lease in settled districts. At
the same time a charter was granted, the date being loth March, 1827. This charter
provided that the university should be called the University of King's College, that it
should be established at York and that it should be in close connection with the Church
of England, the Archdeacon of York being appointed president ex-ofncio and the
The Main Building University of Toronto
professors and other members of the council of the college being required to sign the
thirty-nine articles. In addition to the grant of land, the Imperial Government gave a
grant of 1,000 a year in money. In 1828, the council of the College purchased 168
acres of park lands adjoining the then town of York at the price of $100 per acre. On
this magnificent estate the first buildings of the University were built. These now no
longer exist, but other buildings have now sprung up near their site and the original
property of the university has sufficed to provide a fine park and avenue for the city of
Toronto, and a site for the Parliament Buildings of the province as well as sites for the
buildings of the university and for several of its affiliated colleges.
The College Council of eighty -five years ago were not men of small ideas, but
were far seeing enough to provide for a future which was very remote to them. The
Toronto of To-day
terms of the charter did not, however, meet with general approval because of the
exclusion from the professoriate and from the administration of the college of all but
members of the Church of England. A committee of the House of Commons
on the Civil Government of Canada recommended that the objections to the charter
should be met by the abandonment of the religious test; and the Colonial office
thereupon ordered that the erection of the university buildings should in the meantime
be discontinued. The Governor, Sir Peregrine
Maitland, obtained the consent of the College
Council to the foundation of Upper Canada
College on the model of an English public
school. This preparatory institution was thus
founded and in close association with the
university. The ecclesiastical warfare in
which the university was from the beginning
involved was waged without any progress
being made towards bringing the university
into actual being until 1842 when the
foundation stone was at last laid, and in the
following year instruction began in tem-
porary quarters. Although important modi-
fications were made in the university
charter in 1837, the ecclesiastical disputes
continued until 1851-52 when the university
was secularized. Its designation was changed
from King's College to the University of
Toronto and from that date onwards it has had a vigorous existence. The University
of Trinity College was founded in 1852 in connection with the Church of England
apart from the State university. In course of time the University of Toronto has
confederated with itself the University of Victoria College which has been established
by the Methodist Church, Knox College which has been established by the Presbyterian
Church, St. Michael's College which is in connection with the Roman Catholic Church,
Wycliffe College which is in connection with the Anglican Church and finally also
Trinity College which had been the offspring of the secularized university. These
various colleges abandoned their degree granting powers so far as secular instruction was
concerned and they came to be endowed with the privilege of sending their students
to the university for instruction in the subjects of the university curriculum free of cost
to the colleges.
In addition to these confederated institutions, the university has in close alliance,
University College, like the university a State institution, in which languages and some
other subjects which have been traditionally associated with collegiate instruction are
taught. The university system also includes a number of affiliated institutions whose
students avail themselves of the university examinations and degrees, but do not receive
instruction from the university. Among these institutions are the Toronto College of
Music and the Toronto Conservatory of Music. The university proper comprises a
Collonade of Convocation Hall
Thirty
Toronto of To-day
Faculty of Arts, in which by convention is included Science, a Faculty of Medicine, a
Faculty of Applied Science, a Faculty of Veterinary Science, and a Faculty of Forestry.
The Agricultural College at Guelph, which is a provincial institution, is also in associa-
tion with the university and its students avail themselves of the university examinations
and degrees. The governing bodies of the university are a Board of Governors
appointed by the Provincial Government; a senate composed partly of ex-officio and
Convocation Hall
partly of elected members and a Faculty Council composed of the professoriate of the
university, University College and Confederated Colleges. Each of these colleges has
its own governing bodies and, except in the case of University College, these are
not in any way subject to the governing bodies of the university. Appointments to
the staffs of the university faculties and to University College are made by the Board
of Governors on the recommendation of the president, and academic affairs are under
the control of the senate and of the Faculty Council.
The main building of the university completed in 1858, was at that time one of
the finest academic buildings in Xorth America, and is still much admired as an unique
development of Gothic architecture. This building formerly accommodated all the
Toronto of To-day Page Thirty-one
various departments of the university. It is now used principally for administrative
purposes and for the use of University College. The scientific departments have all
been provided during recent years with separate laboratory buildings. The most recently
built of these are the Medical Building, the Physics Building and the new laboratories
for Pathology and Pathological Chemistry which adjoin the new hospital buildings on
University Avenue. The Massey-Treble School of Domestic Science has recently been
presented to the university by Mrs. Massey-Treble. The university museums comprise
the Mineralogical and Geological Museums and the Archaeological Museum which
together are known as the Royal Ontario Museum, and the Biological Museum.
Trinity College
The university has grown rapidly during recent years. The enrollment in
1911-12 was 4,136 students of whom 3,084 were males and 1,052 females. The income
of the university is derived partly from subventions by the Ontario Legislature and
partly from fees. The total income in 1911-12 was 8827,9.50 and the expenditure
$863.556.78.
Page Thirty-ti
Toronto of To-day
The Museum of Archhaeology
C. T. Carrelly, O. Medj., M.A., F.K.C.S.
The Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology, which shares with the Natural
Science Museums the large building on the south-west corner of Bloor Street and
Avenue Road, will be opened in the late autumn of the year of 1913. The collections
have been slowly gathered, mainly through money supplied by a few citizens of Toronto
and from gifts from England from Sir William Richmond, R.A., Robert Mond,
Dr. Allen Sturge, M.V.O. and others.
The care, maintenance, and general government of the museum is equally shared
by the Ontario Legislature and the University of Toronto. The first board of govern-
ors were appointed in 1912 and are: Sir Edmund Walker, Chairman, Mr. J. B. O'Brian,
The Royal Ontario Museum
Which Houses the Archaeological, Mineralogical, Geological, and Palae
Vice-Chairman, Mrs. H. D. Warren, The Minister of Education, The Minister of Mines
and Forests, Sir Edmund Osier, Mr. Z. A. Lash and the Chancellor and the President
of the University.
The object of the museum is to show the development of civilization as it is
shown in the things that man has made for his own use or adornment. The earliest
things that man made are well shown in the Z. A. Lash collection, which is large. It
begins with the Palaeolithic flint implements of the European Drift Period and shows
a fair record to the close of the Magdalenian Period. The Neolithic collections are
shown geographically and are coupled with objects of the succeeding copper and bronze
ages. Irish, English, Norse, French, Italian and Aegian collections are shown. The
European side takes more than half of the gallery, the remainder is filled with a very
good African collection, obtained chiefly from the Sahara desert. The end gallery on
Page Thirty-thr
Toronto of To-day
the north is occupied by the Egyptian antiquities. An attempt has been made as far as
possible to group things into subjects in such a way that the development of art
may be easily seen.
The Museum, of Mineralogy
Director, Professor T. L. Walker, M.A., Ph.D.
The exhibition gallery of this museum is located on the second floor of the new
museum building.
Nearly twenty years ago the University of Toronto purchased from W. F. Ferrier,
Esq., M.E., a collection of minerals, which was very complete and marked by the presence
School of Domestic Science
Pre tented by Mr*. Ma
of many specimens of first quality. This collection has been added to by presentation,
purchase, collection aud exchange, till it has become remarkable for the large number
of mineral species represented. Recently the University of Toronto and the Govern-
ment of the Province of Ontario arranged for the construction of the new museum
building and for the establishment of several museums, including that of Mineralogy.
The management of the museums is vested in a Board of Trustees nominated partly by
the Governors of the University and partly by the Government of the province.
Page Thirty-four Toronto of To-day
At present the Museum of Mineralogy contains: 1. A collection of minerals
arranged according to the " system " of Dona in 64 table cases and 5 high cases. 2. A
systematic collection of rocks one high case and 20 table cases. 3. In the centre of
the room a series of five high cases, occupied for the most part by large specimens, and
designed to show some of the more striking characteristics of minerals colour, crystal-
lisation, mineral associations, etc.
In the four corners of the gallery small rooms have been obtained by the use
of screens for the exhibition of the following: 1. Meteorites. 2. Crystals. 3. Gem-
stones. 4. Recent acquisitions. It is hoped that these four collections will be in order
before January, 1914.
'
Knox College
In the near future it is proposed to arrange along the east and west galleries, two
collections ; the first for the use of students, to consist of a series exhibiting the chief
characteristics of minerals, the second to display minerals either peculiar to Canada, or
such as occur here in unusually fine specimens.
The co-operation of the public and of geologists and mining men generally is
solicited in making this museum representative of the best to be found in Canada.
Toronto of To-day
Page Thirty-fiu
The Museum of Geology
Director, Profe
Park,, B.A., Ph.D.
This museum will occupy the gallery on the west front of the basement which
is now nearly completed. The cases necessary for the exhibit are of three types large
table cases with bronze frame tops, medium-high bronze frame cases with marble bases,
and high cases similar to those in the palaeontological gallery but provided with marble
bases. The high cases will serve to separate the room into alcoves and will contain the
systematic collections. The table cases are designed for the display of Canadian material,
while it is proposed to use the medium-high cases for special exhibits. Pedestals of
marble illustrating the commercial marbles of the country will be placed at intervals
along the gallery. Maps, diagrams and models will be employed to teach the principles
of economic and structural geology.
Upper Canada College, Founded 1828
Among the more important collections now in the possession of the museum may
be mentioned:
An excellent series of Cobalt silver ores.
Nickel and copper ores with associated rocks from Sudbury.
Decorative stones from Canada and elsewhere.
An especially fine collection of glacial material from all the known ice ages.
A general series of metallic ores.
Series representing the economic geology of the metallic ores.
Miscellaneous specimens illustrating economic and structural geology.
Page Thirty-*
Toronto of To-day
The Museum of Palaeontology
Parks, B.A., Ph.D.
The palaeontological collections occupy the middle third of the top floor of the
museum building. The specimens are arranged in three series Invertebrate fossils,
Vertebrate fossils and fossil Plants. The first series is by far the most important
comprising about 15,000 species represented by upwards of 50,000 specimens. The
Invertebrate fossils are arranged in ten alcoves beginning with the Protozoa in the
northeast corner of the gallery and extending to the Arthropoda in the northwest corner.
St. Andrew's School
Each alcove contains one case of special design in which specimens are exhibited which
illustrate the morphology and classification of the group of fossils belonging to the alcove
in question. The systematic series, geologically arranged, occupies a number of flat-top
cases which are provided with cupboards below for the reception of a large amount of
material of the same character as that exhibited.
The Invertebrate series contains the large collections presented by Sir Edmund
Walker, Dr. Matthew's type specimens of Cambrian fossils from the Maritime Provinces
presented by Sir Wm. MacKenzie, exceptionally fine series of American crinoids and
sponges and a complete set of Ontario Interglacial fossils presented by Professor
Coleman.
The Vertebrate fossils consist chiefly of a collection of fishes exhibited in the
northwest corner of the gallery, a few excellent Mesozoic reptiles and portions of fossil
elephants and bisons from Ontario and the Klondike.
Osgoode Hall
DIGNIFIED building situated on the north side of Queen
Street West, at the head of York Street, is Osgoode Hall,
named after \A 7 illiam Osgoode, the first Chief Justice of
Upper Canada. Osgoode Hall has long been the seat of
the superior courts of the province. Part of the present
building is owned by the Provincial Government and contains
the central offices and
court rooms of the
Supreme Court of Ontario and rooms for the use
of the judges. Part of it is owned by the Law
Society of Upper Canada, which maintains a law
library of over 40,000 volumes and a law school.
Osgoode Hall has undergone many structural
changes since 1825, when the main part of the
present east wing was built. The west wing was
added in 1844-6, with a connecting central build-
ing surmounted by a dome. In 1857-60 impor-
tant extensions and alterations were made,
including the removal of the dome and the
addition of the stone facade which gives the Hall
its present English Renaissance appearance. The
law school in rear of the east wing was added in
18!)2. the interior of the east wing was subsequent-
ly remodeled and recently the central portion of
the building has been extended on the north side,
providing ample accommodation for the Appellate
Division and for other purposes.
South Facade Osgoode Hall
Page Thirty-tight
Toronto of To-day
Osgoode Hall
The Public Library
Toronto of To-day Pa " '*y-
The Board of Trade of the City of Toronto
The history of the Toronto Board of Trade since its incorporation over sixty-
eight years ago, as given in the reports of its deliberations, shows that it has always had
an abiding faith in the future of Canada as an integral part of the British Empire.
Loyalty to the Motherland found vent in the discussion and resolutions of those early
days. A desire to live up to
her ideals and to imitate her
laws was evidently the force
which actuated the founders
of the Board of Trade.
When the Board of Trade
was instituted, Canada was
in a state of transition.
\Vhat is now the Dominion
comprised a few scattered
provinces and the Hudson
Bay territory, without rail-
way or steamship facilities
to promote intercourse and
with few interests in com-
mon. The seat of govern-
ment of the Canadas alter-
nated between Ontario and
Quebec. The Board of
Trade of Toronto played
no unimportant part in
influencing the legislation
of the time. Every measure
and bill was carefully con-
sidered and amendments and
modifications weresuggested
to which the legislators paid
due heed. For many years
the attention of the Board
of Trade was necessarily
occupied with questions of
more than local moment,
and just to how great an
The Board of Trade Building
extent the people of Ontario are indebted to those pioneers for many of the privileges
which they enjoy may never be fully known. During its sixty-eight years of existence
the Board of Trade has been rendering, in an unobtrusive manner, valuable and
inestimable service to the city and the Dominion.
The scope of the work undertaken by the Board of Trade in the interest of the
city and the Dominion at large can be reali/ed to a certain extent from the fact that
fa *' Forly Toronto of To-day
fifteen different committees, composed of over two hundred members, are continually
considering matters of importance and helping to solve the many problems that are
placed before them. The membership of the Board now numbers 2,800.
Within recent years the Board of Trade has been successful in obtaining from the
Railway Commission a decision which will compel the railways to erect a viaduct along
the water front. It pressed for the appointment of the Railway Commission itself and
of a Harbour Commission for Toronto; it has demanded the improvement of the
\Velland Canal and the construction of good roads. Through its Conference Committee
The Old General Hospital, built 1854
of one hundred and its numerous special committees it endeavours to encourage every
undertaking which conduces to the welfare of the city.
Mr. F. G. Morley is secretary of the Board of Trade and through his untiring
energy in the interest of the Board and his universal courtesy to visitors is due not a
little the successful workings of this important body.
The Civic Guild
The society now known as the Civic Guild was organized on May 21st, 1897,
under the name of The Guild of Civic Art. For several years the Guild occupied itself
in securing mural paintings and decorations for the City Hall and Legislative Buildings,
in criticising sculptural works and architectural designs. The results were very satis-
factory, but owing to a lack of co-operation on the part of the citizens the membership
gradually dwindled until in the year 1900 only 11 members paid their fees. At this
juncture, however, the interest in town planning, which was becoming manifest through-
out Europe and the United States, began to show itself in Toronto, and in 1901 at a
Toronto of To-day Pg* Forty-one
meeting, which included representatives from the leading civic organizations, a decision
was reached to promote more actively the general improvement of the city. From this
time forward the Guild has taken a prominent part in the new movement. Its aims can
now be stated as follows: "To secure the carrying out in Toronto of a comprehensive
scheme of city planning, in working for the improvement of thoroughfares and of
transportation facilities ; for open spaces and wholesome houses ; for the preservation of
public amenities; for all such measures as will add to the convenience, health, dignity
and beauty of the city. The policy of the Guild is to co-operate with all bodies having
similar aims; to stimulate and strengthen the action of public authorities; to press for
The New General Hospital
necessary legislative reforms ; to inform public opinion ; to foster the growing conscious-
ness of civic responsibility and the sentiment of civic pride."
The Guild has grown very rapidly and has now more than four hundred members.
Weekly meetings being held and well attended. Its offices are in the Trader's Bank
Building; the rooms are furnished with plans and maps and a library. A monthly
bulletin is published, with the object of creating a better informed public opinion as to
the wisdom and economy of comprehensive city planning. The regular membership
fee of the Guild is 85.00 a year; there is a special ladies' membership fee of 2.00 a year,
and a sustaining fund to which contributions not exceeding $25.00 a year may be made.
The record of the Guild's achievements is a long and honourable one. It
co-operated with other bodies in inaugurating the housing campaign, which resulted
in the formation of the Toronto Housing Company; it took part in securing an
Page Forty -tu
Toronto of To-day
order from the Dominion Railway Commission for a bridge instead of a subway at
Sunnyside; it proposed the widening and extension of Terauley Street; it advocates
the route for the Danforth Viaduct, which has been adopted by the city; it had
secured important legislation in the interests of town planning; it has organised the
Toronto Improvement Conference. These and many other services indicate that the
Guild plays a noteworthy part in the life of Toronto.
The Grange
The Projected Art Museum
Toronto of To-day
Page Forty-thiee
Stanley Barracks
The military forces comprise two permanent corps, one mounted and one infantry,
stationed at Stanley Barracks "A" and "B" squadrons of the Royal Canadian Dragoons and
No. 2. Depot of the Royal Canadian Regiment. In the active militia the cavalry comprise
the Governor - General's
Body Guards, 4 squadrons,
and the Missassauga Light
Horse, 4 squadrons ; and in
infantry, the Queen's own
Rifles, 17 companies ; the
10th Royal Grenadiers, 8
companies, and the 48th
Highlanders, 8 companies.
In addition there are the
Canadian Engineer, Army
and Medical, Corps and the
Upper Canada College
Cadets. There is a Royal
School of Cavalry and a
Royal School of Infantry
for instruction in Toronto.
Armouries are maintained
by the Government for the
USe Of the active militia. Design of the New Stock Exchange, in course of erection
Pag, Forty-four
Toronto of To-day
The Armouries
In addition to these and through the munificence of Sir Henry Pellatt, Knt., C.V.O., A.D.C., a tract of land in the north
western part of the city ha, been presented to the Queen', Own Rifles, and large and modern armouries are being erected
thereon by the Militia Department
The Sick Children's Hospital, largely due to the generosity of
John Ross Robertson, Esq.
Toronto of To-day
Page Forty-fi,
Civics
Toronto Hydro-Electric System
Ontario's great scheme for the utilization of its water-powers has been accom-
plished, and the most populous of the provinces of Canada has now in actual service one
of the most extensive transmission systems in the world, with two hundred and eighty-
one miles of 110,000-volt lines and one hundred and eighty miles of 13,200 6600-volt
lines supplying energy to twenty-nine municipalities at cost.
The Hydro-Electric Power Commission of the Province of Ontario is a govern-
ment corporation to provide for the development, generation, transmission and
distribution of hydro-electric energy at cost to the various municipalities desiring it
A Residential Street showing the New Method of Lighting by The Toronto Hydro-Electric System
throughout the province. The fact that there are no coal mines in Ontario, the
province is dependent upon outside sources for its fuel supply. Any contingency, such
as a strike, the enactment of a prohibitory export law or an increase in the cost of coal,
would seriously affect the province.
Public sentiment which demanded that the province should share in the great
heritage bestowed upon it in the water-power at Niagara Falls resulted in the appoint-
ment of the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, which is now engaged in
supplying the various municipalities throughout the province with hydro-electric energy.
After lengthy negotiations and careful consideration of tenders by the Hydro-Electric
Page Forty-.!* Toronto of To-day
Commission of Ontario the contract was finally awarded the Ontario Power Com-
pany.
An agreement was made on August 12th, 1907, which required the delivery to the
Commission of electric energy at 60,000 volts pressure. Later, after careful investi-
gation, it was decided to change the transmission voltage for the system to 110,000
volts. Accordingly, on March 19th, 1908, a new agreement was made by which the
Commission agreed to take energy from the generators of the Ontario Power Company
A Business Street showing the Cluster Lights of The Toronto Hydro-Electric System
at 12,000 volts. From this voltage it was to be stepped up by the Commission to the
required potential for the transmission system. The price agreed upon was $9.40
per horse power per annum up to 25,000 horse power. When the quantity
taken or reserved shall exceed this amount the price is to be reduced to $9.00
per horse power per annum.
The municipalities of Toronto, Hamilton, London, St. Thomas, Brantford,
Gait, Stratford, Woodstock, Guelph, Waterloo, St. Mary's, Hespeler and New
Page Forty-ieoen
Toronto of To-day
Hamburg submitted by-laws authorizing the raising of funds to cover the cost of
a distribution system for the energy purchased from the Commission in January,
1908. The by-laws were carried by large majorities. The Commission entered into
agreement the succeeding May to supply energy to municipalities as follows:
Toronto, 10,000 horse power; London, 5,000 horse power; Guelph, 2,500 horse-
power; Stratford, 1,000 horsepower; St. Thomas, 1,500 horse power; Woodstock, 1 ,200
horse power; Berlin, 1,000 horse power; Gait,
1,200 horsepower; Hespeler, 300 horsepower;
St. Mary's, 500 horse power; Preston, 600
horse power; Waterloo, 695 horse power;
New Hamburg, 250 horse power; Ingersoll,
500 horse power.
A Hydro-Electric Transmission Tower
The main step-up transformer
station is located at Niagara Falls,
Ontario, where the energy, pur-
chased from the Ontario Power
Company and Supplied at 12,000 City Office of The Toronto Hydro-Electric System
volts, 25 cycles, through a 5,200-feet
conduit line, is stepped up to 110,000 volts for delivery to the three-phase
high-tension lines. The present installed transformer capacity at this station
is 27,000 kw.
Toronto of To-day
The Consumers' Gas Company
The first steps to provide street lighting for the city of Toronto were taken in the
years 1839 and 1840. In 1840 a public meeting of the citizens was held, which was
addressed by Mr. Albert Furniss, who had been associated with the Gas Company in
Montreal. As a result of this meeting and of the general interest in the matter, a
company was formed with Mr. Furniss as a member. The land for the erection of the
End of Retort House the Consumers' Gas Company
(Daily capacity 5,000,000 cubic feet)
Gas Works was granted by the corporation, and was situated in the eastern part of the
city. In 1842 the company supplied 1,146,000 cubic feet of gas at a price of $5.00
per thousand feet. In 1848 the plant was sold to a joint stock company known as the
Consumers' Gas Company, which has continued to operate the works successfuly to the
present day. The cost of the gas supplied has been gradually reduced and has now
reached the very low figure of 70c. per thousand feet, a price lower than that charged
by any company in North America, except one. The output of gas for the year ending
September 30th, 1912, was 3,1 19,748,000 feet, the number of meters, 82,022, and a mileage
Page Forty-nine
Toronto of To-day
of the main pipes over 484. The city is represented on the directorate by the mayor,
and the co-operation between the city and the company has resulted greatly to the
benefit of the whole community.
Works Office, Station B, the Consumers' Gas Company
Retort House, Purifier, and Coke House buildings, the Consumers' Gas Company
Page Fift\
Toronto of To-day
The Toronto Electric Light Company
In order that Toronto may receive the benefit of the best electrical service
possible, the Toronto Power Co., the Toronto Railway Co., and the Toronto Electric
Light Co. are making the following additions and changes which are being rushed to
completion regardless of expense.
Four additional generating units at Niagara Falls are being installed each of
Power House a
Ope
t Niagara Falls, Ont., of the Electrical Development Co. of Ontario, Limited,
.rated by the Toronto Power Co., Limited, which supplies current
to the Toronto Electric Light Company
15,000 horse power capacity. The step-up transformer station at Niagara Falls is being
completely remodelled and two new banks of transformers are being installed as well as
the latest and most approved type of switch gear and protective devices. A new eighty-
mile two-circuit transmission line on rugged steel towers is practically completed. This
new line is designed for operation at 90,000 volts and will be used in conjunction with
the present two-circuit, steel tower line as soon as the present line can be reinsulated
for 90,000 volt pressure. This latter work will commence immediately after the new
line is completed and in operation. The step-down transformer at Toronto is being
Toronto of To-day
Page Fifty-one
completely remodelled and, as in the case at the Falls, two new banks of transformers,
etc., are being installed. Two storage batteries have been added to the emergency
equipment of the Toronto Railway Co., besides revamping the existing battery. This
work is completed and provides an emergency capacity of sufficient size to handle the
entire railway load during non-rush hours.
The steam plant of the Railway Company at Front Street is being put in shape,
so that with the aid of the batteries, the entire railway load can be handled during rush
hours without service from Niagara.
One of the 4,000 horse-power Turbo-Generators at the Scott Street Station
of the Toronto Electric Light Company
The distribution system of the Toronto Electric Light Company is being
simplified in two ways :
(a) The district from the Lake front north to St. Albans Street and from
Sherbourne Street west to Spadina Avenue is to be supplied exclusively with direct
current at 115-230 volts.
(b) The remainder of the city is to be supplied exclusively with alternating
current three-phase, twenty-five cycles.
Page Fifty-tu
Toronto of To-day
Two large storage batteries are being installed to handle the entire direct current
load of the Toronto Electric Light Company for periods varying from ten minutes
during the peak to eight hours at night.
A 10,000 horse-power turbo-generator, together with the necessary boilers, is
being erected at the Scott Street steam plant of the Toronto Electric Light Company,
which is an addition to the two 4,000 horse-power turbo-generators and boilers now in
One corner of the New Storage Battery Room at the Scott Street Station of the
Toronto Electric Light Company
operation. This apparatus is to supply alternating current to any sub-station in Toronto
at the rate of 9,000 horse-power on ten minutes' notice, and its full capacity ten minutes
thereafter.
A large proportion of the direct current service will be laid underground. The
existing network of wires and cables at present on poles in the down-town district is to
be revamped and will be put underground in many instances, while in others a few
cables will be substituted for the present network.
Toronto of To-day
Page Fifty-thr
Toronto Harbour Development
One of the best indications of Toronto's splendid growth and also one of the most
interesting portions of the development which may be observed in all parts of the city,
is to be found in the magnificent works planned for the waterfront and harbour by the
Toronto Harbour Commissioners.
Toronto possesses one of the finest natural land locked harbours in the world, the
inner harbour being about two and one-half miles long by the same width and absolute-
ly protected from the storms of the lake by a natural island, which completely surrounds
it, excepting at two points where it is pierced by artificial channel entrances. Up to the
The Central Docks on Toronto's Water Front
present time very little has been done to develop the splendid natural resources of this
harbour, but the carrying out of the work planned by the new Board of Harbour Com-
missioners will correct this omission and will place Toronto in a position to reap her
share of the benefits of the tremendous growth of navigation transportation in Canada.
A New Welland Canal
The Dominion Government have decided on the expenditure of fifty million
dollars for the purpose of constructing a new Welland Canal to connect Lakes Erie and
Ontario, which will have a depth of 24 feet so that the large steamers which now ply
from Lake Erie through the Great Lakes to the head of inland navigation will be able
Page Fifty-Four
Toronto of To-day
to reach Lake Ontario points. This development, it is confidently expected, will be
followed very shortly by the canalization of the St. Lawrence River ; when this is done
Aquatic Clubs fronting on Toronto Harbour
ocean freighters will be able to carry their cargoes direct from England and European
ports to the harbours on the Great Lakes.
The Toronto Harbour development is planned to keep pace with these national
works and Toronto, by her foresight in planning ahead and preparing for the future, will
i
I
Part of Toronto's pleasure fleet leaving the harbour for a sail
Toronto of To-day
Page Fifty-Fii
be in a splendid position to secure the immense business which will result from the co-
ordination of lake and ocean navigation.
A Deep Harbour
The plans prepared by the Commissioners include the deepening of the inner
harbour to a uniform deptli of at least 35 feet in order to provide accommodation for
vessels of any draught, and the construction of modern permanent docks along the water
front, equipped with freight sheds for the handling of goods and storehouses for the
Toronto Commercial Wharves
(All owned by the Toronto Harbour Commissioners
convenience of merchants receiving or shipping goods. A preliminary sum of $1,800,000
will be spent on this dock extension work in the centre of the city, which makes a fine
addition to the present two large docks owned by the Harbour Commissioners. The
Commissioners also propose to erect model factory buildings in which space will be
rented to manufacturers, and to place these factories close to the storage warehouses and
docks in order that the tenants may have the advantage of storage space and shipping
facilities, in addition to rail connection witli three transcontinental railroads.
The big part of the work undertaken by the Commissioners at the present time
is the reclamation of the one thousand acres of land in the Ashbridge's Bay district,
which will be known as the "Toronto Harbour Industrial District." The plans provide
for a ship channel into the centre of this district 400 feet wide, 6,800 feet long and 24
feet deep, terminating in a turning basin one thousand feet square, the dockage along
the banks of which will provide ample accommodation for the entire eastern end of the
city. Broad streets varying in width from a minimum of 75 to a maximum of 175 feet
will be laid out through the entire district in addition to which there will be thirty miles
of railroad siding serving each lot available as a manufacturing site. In all, there will be
Toronto of To-day
WATEEFFONT DEVELOP:
(550 acres so available, which will be leased by the Commissioners to manufacturers
desiring to locate in Toronto; and as the main entrance to this new industrial location is
just one mile east from the very heart of the city, there is no doubt that there will be
many applicants for sites.
Lake Front Driveway
While carrying out the commercial and industrial features of their development,
the Commissioners will also construct a lakefront boulevard and driveway running for
fourteen miles across the entire front of the city, which will connect at the River Hum-
ber on the west with a boulevard driveway to be constructed by the city up the Humber
Valley. This will afford one of the most beautiful park and boulevard locations to be
found on the American continent and when the entire development is carried out
Toronto will have a water front which will not be surpassed anywhere in the world.
The entire cost of the work planned is estimated at sll),142,088, of which sum
the Commissioners themselves will spend 811,515,920 while the city has undertaken to
spend si, 80-2,883 in constructing pavements, sidewalks and the carrying out of park
treatment on the boulevard location. The ship channel in the Industrial District and
the necessary breakwater for the protection of the shore and of the Harbour extension
work has been undertaken by the Dominion Government at an estimated cost of
*<>,! 2:5.284, and the entire work is expected to be brought to completion within eight years.
Toronto of To-day
IiHHHiIHtfili!*iHMiil^iHIiiiili;
These works have been planned by the Chief Engineer for the Commissioners,
Mr. E. L. Cousins, and approved by Mr. J. G. Sing, the Consulting Engineer and
Engineer in charge of the Government District. The men who have made such splendid
progress since they were
appointed as the Toronto
Harbour Commissioners
are :
Messrs. L. H. Clarke.
Chairman; T. L. Church.
11. S. Gourlay, JR. Home
Smith, and F. S. Spence.
The carrying out of the
Toronto Harbour Devel-
opment project will be
watched with great in-
terest by port authorities
all over the world, this
being the finest develop-
ment so far planned by
any of the ports orrthe
Great Lakes. Outward bound
Page Fifty-eight
Toronto of To-day
T
The Canadian National Exhibition
HE Canadian National Exhibition was first instituted in 1879. Its inception was
due to a misunderstanding with the provincial authorities who, it is alleged,
promised the Provincial Exhibition to Toronto for two succeeding years if
certain improvements were
made to the grounds and
buildings. The province gave
its grant to another town and
from that year Toronto has
held an annual exhibition of
its own, which has grown in
size and importance to be one
of the largest annual exhibi-
tions in the world.
In 1912 the total at-
tendance during the fortnight
it remained open was 962,000,
and its revenue for the same
year .*384,708. On one day
153,000 people attended the
The centre of the grounds, with fountain presented by
C. H. Gooderham, Esq.
Exhibition.
The Grand Stand
Toronto of To-day Pa * e ">-""
The management of the exhibition is carried on by a board of twenty-five direct-
ors, eight of whom are elected by the city council, eight by ten manufacturing interests
of Canada, and eight by the Agricultural Association of Canada, the twenty-fifth being
the Minister of Agriculture.
View looking east, taken from the Transportation Building
The beautiful grounds, which have an area of two hundred and sixty four acres,
are situated on the lake shore and cover the site of the early settlement of Fort Rouille
extending for a mile and a half along the water front.
The buildings, the value of which is approximately S'2,2'25,000, consist of a
Manufactures' Building, Transportation Building, Industry Building, Horticultural
Building, Machine Building, etc., and many smaller buildings.
The stabling accommodate 1,500 horses, 1,700 cattle, 1,900 sheep, and 2,000
swine. The parade of prize winners on Review Day brings out one of the finest
collections of horses and cattle on the continent, well selected.
The Applied and Graphic Arts building contains exhibits which are selected with
care from all parts of Europe.
Toronto of To-day
View looking west, including the Manufactures, Transportation, and Horticultural Buildings
The Water Front
(Extract from an article by H. M. P. Eckhardt, in the '-'Financier")
NEW Bank Act of Canada enacts that the Canadian Bankers'
Association shall select by ballot before June 30th in each year forty
chartered accountants whose eligibility shall be approved by the
minister of finance. And from this list the shareholders of each bank
are to select the auditor for their institution for the year. The
auditor is to have power to examine the head office, the reports, records,
returns, and correspondence from the branches. Also, if he considers it
necessary he can visit and inspect particular branches. The annual statement
placed before the shareholders must bear the certificate of the auditor to the effect that
he considers it a true and correct exhibit of the bank's affairs. Thus, for the first time,
the Canadian banks are subjected to compulsory audit from outside. It should be noted
that the new act goes into effect July 1st, 1913, and it extends the charters of the twenty-
five banks now appearing in the official list, for ten years to July 1st, 1923.
Another change having to do with the annual report, follows as a result of an
amendment by Mr. F. B. McCurdy, a stock-broker member of parliament. According
to this amendment the banks, as generally understood, are required to give the details
of the amounts passing through the profit and loss account. Apparently they must give
gross earnings, expenses, interest, etc., as well as net earnings. Heretofore, the net
earnings only have been published, also appropriations for pension funds, writing down
premises, dividends, and additions to surplus. The note issuing powers of the banks
were not mutilated in any way. The evidence presented to the committee was over-
whelming as regards the benefits derived by the whole country from the powers of free
issue. It was shown that when bank notes are taxed the tax must fall on the borrower;
that the free issue power promoted the establishment of hundreds of bank branches in
small villages, thus delivering the inhabitants thereof from the exactions of private
lenders; that it kept down the rates of interest; that it enabled the crops to be moved
without a periodical money squeeze. Several of the witnesses gave convincing evidence
that the Canadian currency system was the best in the world ; and the radicals who at first
wanted to tax the notes, or to replace them with government issues, withdrew their
propositions.
The provision for the new gold reserve as a basis for extra issues, stands. And
after July 1st, the banks will have the right to deposit with the trustees gold or
Page Sixty-tu
Toronto of To-day
Domininion notes and issue their own notes thereagainst. The issue powers of the
chartered banks as revised are as follows : Each bank may issue its own notes against
general assets free of tax up to the amount of paid-up capital. It may issue in excess
of paid-up capital free of tax throughout the year, providing gold equal to the excess is
deposited in the central reserve. Also, between August 31st and February 28th each
year, the bank may issue in excess of paid-up capital up to 15 per cent, of combined
capital and surplus subject to tax at 5 per cent.
There was animated discussion about the rate of interest or discount chargeable
by banks. Some western members wanted to bind the banks strictly down to 7 per cent.
\
II
I I I
Paid-up Capital, f 5,000,000
The Bank of Toronto
Rest, $6,000,000
But it was shown that if that were done branches in Western Canada would be closed,
and the borrowers there who now pay 8 or 9 per cent, would have to pay perhaps 15 or
20 per cent, to the private lenders succeeding the chartered bank. Consequently, the
committee rephrased the act in such manner as to permit the banks to charge such rates
as may be agreed upon between them and their customers ; but if the bank has occasion
to sue a debtor for an unpaid note it cannot recover more than 7 per cent. Thus it has
been acknowledged, with good sense and wisdom, that the price of money or credit
cannot be regulated by act of parliament.
In his renewal bill, the minister of finance had placed a clause empowering the
farmer to give the bank a pledge of the threshed grain in his barns as security for a loan
Toronto of To-day Pagf Si "
negotiated at the same time as the pledge was given. Wholesale dealers in produce and
manufacturers have for many years been empowered to give such pledges ; and the
minister aimed to extend the privilege to farmers. When the clause came up for
discussion in committee strong opposition developed. It was maintained that if the
farmer was permitted to give a secret lien
in this way his other creditors would suffer;
so the committee voted an amendment
requiring that such liens should be reg-
istered. The Western members protested
vigorously claiming that the amendment
would nullify the clause. It is said that
they will bring the point up again in the
House.
At the outset there was a disposition
manifested by a few committeemen to
press for the authorization of local banks
such as prevail in the United States. But
Mr. J. B. Forgan, of the First National,
Chicago, explained that such local banks
could not compete successfully with the
branch banks, and that the branch bank
gave better service to the community, and
the agitation for local banks promptly
fizzled out. Also, there was a disposition
to regulate or tax the call loans, and other
loans made by the banks in foreign coun-
tries. Better counsels, however, prevailed,
and the banks were left absolutely free in
this regard.
With reference to bank amalgamations
it is provided in the new Act that one
bank may not absorb another, unless with
the consent of the minister of finance. A
proposed amendment had it that the
consent of parliament should be obtained.
But this was dropped when it was explained that it might be necessary to take over a
weak bank at short notice when parliament was not in session.
Altogether the hearings and discussions in committee have resulted in placing on
record a mass of very valuable data. The bankers were exceedingly frank in placing
information at the disposal of the committee. Their frankness and the full extent
of the information supplied served them well. It is a matter of great satisfaction that
the banks have been left with all their chief functions unimpaired. They are not loaded
down with taxes ; neither are they cribbed and confined within narrow limits ; and it is safe
to say that the freedom they enjoy will enable them to takea magnificent part in promoting
the national development.
The Dominion Bank
Paid-up Capital, $S,3S6,227 Re
Total Assets, $79,374,907
Toronto of To-day
The Canadian Bank of Commerce
Paid-up Capital, $15,000,000 Rest, f 12,500,00
The Sterling Bank
Paid-up Capital - $1,211,700
Rest - - 300,000
Total A,,ett - 8,928,109
The Home Bank
Paid-up Capital - $1,938,208
Rest - . . 650,000
Total Assets - - 14,735,100
Toronto of To-day
Page Sixty-fiv
The Imperial Bank
Paid-up Capital, $6,809,134 Rest and undivided profits, $8,003,000
Total Assets $80,692,041
The Royal Bank
Paid-up Capital - $11,560,000
Kest - - 12,560,000
Total Assets - 183,604,515
The Standard Bank
Paid-up Capital - $2,479,760
Reit ... 3,179,760
Total Assets - - 42,710,839
Page Sixty-six
Toronto of To-day
Four Toronto Branches of the Canadian Bank of Commerce
Toronto of To-day
Page Sixty-sever:
The Bank of Montreal
Paid-up Capital $16,000,000
Rest - - 16,000,000
Total Assets - 248,056,169
Bank of Nova Scotia
Paid-up Capital
- $S,9S7,320
- 10,830,248
The Union Bank of Canada
Paid-up Capital - $5,000,000
Kelt - . 3,300,000
Total Asset, - 74,180,027
The Molsons Bank
Paid-up Capital - $4,000,000
Keit - - - 4,700,000
Page Sixty-eight
Toronto of To-day
Four Toronto Branches of the Metropolitan Bank
Paid-up Capital
$1,000,000
1,250,000
12,981,528
FINANCIAL
Canada Permanent Mortgage Corporation
Page Seventy
Toronto of To-day
Canada Life Assurance Company
(from a painting)
Toronto of To-day
Page Seventv'O
I! rr u :; n rr ir
u K if IF *r if H
rfjniii.'iii.'!
ii*
Confederation Life Association
Central Canada Loan and Savings Company
The Continental Life Insurance
Company
Page Seaenty-tu
Toronto of To-day
Aemilius Jarvis & Company
(Members Toronto Stock Exchange)
Imperial Life Assurance Company
of Canada
The Crown Life Insurance Company
North American Life Assurance
Company
Toronto of To-day
Page Stventv-thr
Dominion Bond Building
Head Office of The Dominion Bond Company, Limited
S fy ,;
. ihs =.
Toronto General Trusts Corporation
National Trust Company
The York Club
Toronto of To-day
Page Seventy-fiv
The Ontario Club
The Albany Club
The National Club
The American Club
Toronto of To-day
The other clubs of importance in Toronto are :
The Arts and Letters Club, Argonaut Rowing Club, Canadian Club, Engineers
Club of Toronto, Italian National Club, Lakeview Golf and Country Club, Ltd.,
Lambton Golf and Country Club, Ltd.,
Metropolitan Club, National Yacht
Club, Parkdale Athletic Club, Parkdale
Canoe Club, Queen City Yacht Club,
Rosedale Golf Club, Scarboro Golf and
Country Club, Simcoe Club, Strollers
Club, Toronto Ad. Club, Toronto
Camera Club, Toronto Canoe Club,
Toronto Chess and Checker Club,
Toronto Golf Club, Toronto Lacrosse
and Athletic Association, Toronto
Ladies' Club, Toronto Racquet Club,
Ltd., Toronto Rowing Club, Ltd.,
University Club of Toronto.
The Royal Canadian Yacht Club
The Toronto Club
The Royal Canadian Yacht Club was
founded 1852. The first quarters of
the club were the hull of a ship, the
steamer Provincial, which was anchored at the foot of York Street and served as
the club house until the year 1868. Mr. Armstrong, one of the owners of the ship,
acted as secretary, and the after-cabin was the meeting place of the club, the lower
part being turned into a concert room and the upper part into a smoking room.
In the year 1854 Queen Victoria gave the Canadian Yacht Club express per-
mission to assume the style of "Royal" and in the year 1879 the British Admiralty
authorized the vessels belonging to the club to fly the blue ensign of the royal fleet with
a crown in the fly. The Admiralty issued a new warrant in 1894 authorizing the club
on certain conditions to use the blue ensign "with the distinctive marks of the club
on the fly thereof." Hence not merely is the club entitled to use the prefix "Royal,"
but it also possesses the British Admiralty warrant. Were it a royal yacht club
without the Admiralty warrant it would only be entitled to fly the red ensign bearing
no device.
The Royal Canadian Yacht Club is the largest fresh-water yacht club in the
world. Its commodore, Mr. Aemilius Jarvis, is recogni/ed as one of the best skippers
of to-day. Its five patrons are: His Majesty, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of
Connaught, the Earl of Derby and Lord Charles Beresford. The members number
1,950, of whom 1,200 are resident, the remaining 750 being either life or honorary
members. The resident membership is limited at 1,200. At the present time
Toronto of To-day
the club holds all the racing cups of the Great Lakes
with the exception of the Canada Cup which is held
by the Rochester Yacht Club.
The building now occupied by the club is
situated on the Island and is very complete and well
appointed. A launch service every half hour con-
veys the members from the club to the city and
back. The present fleet comprises some seventy-
five yachts of all classes. Most excellent tennis
courts and bowling greens add much to the enjoyment
of the members.
The club is equipped in every respect so as to
maintain worthily the traditions of sportsmanship
and good fellowship which have always been associated
with it.
Aemilius Jarvis, Commodore
The Club House, The Royal Canadian Yacht Club
Page Seventy-eight
Toronto of To-day
Toronto Hunt
The history of the Toronto Hunt dates from 1862. In that year a private pack of
some half dozen couples was kept by a Mr. Steers, but in 1865 the Hunt was properly
organized under the able mastership of Mr. John Hendrie, a member of the family whose
name is as well known in the sporting world as any in North America, From 1866,
when the British army was represented in Toronto
by the 13th Hussars, the military element gave its
enthusiastic support to the Toronto Hunt. The
officers of that regiment were all good horsemen,
and, in 1867, Colonel Jennings took over the
mastership of the Hunt, a position he retained till
the withdrawal of his regiment. As an example of
the value placed upon a good horse in the sixties,
it is interesting to note that the officers on leaving
Toronto sold their horses for prices ranging from
$240 to 8505. After their departure the horn was
again carried by Mr. John Hendrie, and, although
the loss of the military element was keenly felt, the
sport continued to flourish under such men as
Messrs. Copeland, Gooderham, Worts, and Dr.
Andrew Smith, the latter fine old sportsman, who
was one of the original members, took over the
mastership in 1883, and retained it, giving the
club excellent sport till 1893, when the Toronto Hunt was reorganized under its
present master, Mr. George Beardmore, with the late D'Alton McCarty, president.
From this date the character of the club entirely changed A joint stock company
was formed, property was acquired and a beautiful club house built on Scarboro
Heights. The kennels, accommodating some twenty-five couples of both sexes,
drafted from the best packs in England, are built on the plan of the Badmington.
The present master by his energy and unsparing liberality has brought the club up
to its present enviable position as one of the finest and best run hunt clubs on the
continent. In spite of wire and the close proximity of a city of 470,000 inhabitants
the club continues to give excellent sport, though a drag is a necessity, but fifteen miles
with a couple of checks over a fast country and the stiffest of timber fences needs a clean
bred horse and a stout heart. The fields average eighty to a hundred and the sportsman
is hard to please who is not happy after a day with the Toronto hounds.
Governors-General of Canada have frequently honoured the Toronto Hunt by
their presence. That distinguished sportsman, Lord Minto, was president, and Lord
and Lady Aberdeen both rode to hounds during their stay in Toronto. Many cups for
hunt races have been donated by the representatives of the sovereign in Canada. Nor
must it be forgotten that it is due entirely to the Toronto Hunt that the horse show on
modern lines has been instituted in Toronto. This show, a success from the beginning,
George Beardmore, M.F.H.
Page Seventy-ni:
Toronto of To-day
has come to be one of the most important, social and sporting events of the year, and
many an aristocratic equine has, after winning his blue ribbon in Toronto, gone on to
gather fresh honours at New York and Olympia.
The Club House, Toronto Hunt
The Ontario Jockey Club
The Ontario Jockey Club was first organized at a meeting in Toronto in June,
1881. The first meeting was held in September the same year, the first race being
won by the late Dr. Andrew Smith with his three year old Vici. Since then
the progress of the club has been most marked. In 1881 there were sixty members;
the membership gradually increased each year until to-day its membership has reached
seven hundred. Purses amounting to $53,000 were distributed during the recent
Spring meeting of seven days. For many years the executive committee have labour-
ed to foster the growth and development of the race horse in Canada, and intense efforts
in this direction have succeeded beyond the most enthusiastic expectation.
The club uses a large part of its funds to increase purses, to provide better
accommodation for the public and stabling suitable for race horses, the boxes for
Page Eighty Toronto of To-day
the race horses now number five hundred. The club has a beautiful course
situated on the shore of Lake Ontario. The stands are so placed that the lake
forms the background of the picture and on a clear day the spray from the Falls
of Niagara can be seen.
At the meetings of the Ontario Jockey Club long distance racing is becoming
more popular. It has been encouraged through the presentation, by the Earl of Dur-
Empire Day
Track, 1913
ham, of a handsome challenge cup which is known as the Durham Cup and is contested
by horses foaled in Canada, distance a mile and three-quarters. It is only within the
last few years that events for two year olds have occupied any prominent place on the
programme. Steeplechasing has always been popular. The steeplechase course is a
varied one, consisting of banks or hedges, jumps of the stiffest kind, and horses must
jump to negotiate them successfully.
Nothing has done more to assist horse breeding in Canada than the King's Plate
first offered by Her Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, because of the impetus which it
has given to the breeding of thoroughbred stock in the Province of Ontario. The
King's Plate is confined to Ontario-bred horses, which must be trained at home, and
the entry list is closed three months prior to the date of the race. These conditions do
much to awaken general interest and the prospects and doings of the Platers are very
thoroughly discussed by the public within the three months.
HOTP
The King Edward Hotel
Page Etghty-tu
Toronto of To-day
The Queen's Hotel
The Prince George Hotel
Toronto of To-day
Page Eighty-thr
The Alexandra Apartments
Transportation
The Canadian Northern Railway
THE national character of the Canadian Northern Railway can only be appreciated
by the traveller or student of the development of Canada. Knowledge alone gives
an accurate conception of the ramification of lines throughout the prairie provinces,
and the continuity of idea evidenced in the construction of new lines in the eastern
provinces. That transcontinental trains will be running from Quebec city to Vancouver
over all Canadian Northern Railway lines in 1914 a fact hardly realized in Eastern
Canada is surely sufficient vindication of a policy persistently followed since 1896, when
the first 100 miles of Canadian Northern steel was successfully laid and operated.
Transcontinental railways mean trans-Atlantic steamship service and in this regard
the C.N.R. have already made ample provision with the triple-turbine Royal Mail
Steamers, Royal Edward and Royal George, giving a fort nightly service between
Montreal, Quebec and Bristol in summer, and Halifax and Bristol in winter. The
C.N.R. in all its construction has followed the policy of avoiding wherever possible the
paralleling of existing lines. This has made for the real development of the country in
giving transportation facilities to districts so lacking before. Another determination of the
C.N.R. to build through the districts where great natural resources iron, lumber, pulp, and
so on, with adjoining water powers would later on be brought under commercial control,
has been vindicated already by the resultant heavy traffic and will be accounted wisdom
in the years to come. Theirs has been a constructive policy throughout. The company
is now operating a total of 6,160 miles in Western and Eastern Canada. During 1912
slightly more than 400 miles of new lines were laid down, while the grade was completed
for more than 600 miles. The construction record of this year, with the company strain-
ing every energy to finish its transcontinental line through from Atlantic tide-water to
Pacific, will likely even exceed the good showing of last season. Of the Western grain
crop of 1911, the C.N.R. hauled to the head of the Great Lakes, 67,964,980 bushels,
approximately one-third of the entire yield. Of the crop of 1912, to the beginning of
Toronto of To-day Pa * e K**O--"
June, 191 3, the company has already handled (54,194,170 bushels, almost as much as the
whole tonnage it hauled of the crop of the year before.
During the present year the building of branch lines in Western Canada is going
on apace. By early summer Calgary will have been given a new connection with
Edmonton and with Saskatoon, and the southern Alberta city is preparing now for the
increase in her trade, which is expected to be inaugurated by the first Canadian Northern
Head Office of The Canadian Northern Railway, Toronto
train between these points. Prince Albert should be connected also by direct short line
with North Battleford, that thriving community on the main line of the Canadian Northern
between Port Arthur and Edmonton. The great Peace River District has already been
brought within railway connection with Edmonton by the opening of a new line from that
city to Athabasca Landing. Already in Western Canada the Canadian Northern has
given direct connection between the cities of Port Arthur, Winnipeg, Brandon, Regina,
Saskatoon, Prince Albert, North Battleford and Edmonton, in addition to more than six
Page Eighty-til
Toronto of To-day
hundred towns which have been placed on the map of the Dominion by its enterprise.
In Eastern Canada many old towns such as Port Hope, Cobourg, Oshawa, Trenton,
Belleville, Napanee, Beaverton, Parry Sound and others, have experienced a marked
Library, Royal Edward
Cabin de luxe, Royal Edward
acceleration of business through the coming of the C.N.R., and before the summer is
gone Quebec, Ottawa, Montreal and Toronto should be linked together anew by
Canadian Northern steel.
.
Observation Car
Steamer Dalhousie City
Toronto of To-day
S.S. Royal Edward
Royal Muskoka Express
Page Eighty-eight
Toronto of To-day
Canadian Pacific Railway System
Even that great and enterprising transportation system, the Canadian Pacific
Railway, finds it a difficult task to keep pace with the many requirements of a great and
growing country such as Canada is to-day. Toronto has participated in this rapid
growth to no small extent, and this company which is fully cognisant of Toronto's
importance, both as an industrial
and a commercial centre, is
making gigantic efforts to provide
this city with adequate terminal
and other facilities. Construct-
ion work at present under con-
tract and new projects contem-
plated by the Canadian Pacific-
Railway will necessitate the
spending in Toronto, during the
next few years, of many millions
of dollars.
From the view point of
the public probably the most
interesting developments are the
two Union Stations projected.
The plans for the North Toronto
Station are now approaching
completion. The building of
this new terminal will make
necessary the removal of the
present station, which, while a
comparatively recent building,
has long outgrown the traffic at
this point. No details with re-
gard to the new North Toronto
structure have been made public
as yet, but it is stated by the
architects that it will be of about
the same size as the present
Union Station, handsomely
equipped and of entirely fire-
proof construction.
Connected with this new Union Station in North Toronto is a large amount
of track revision and other construction work. In fact the appropriation for the
work involved, outside of the money to be spent on the new station, runs into an
immense sum. Under an agreement with the city authorities the Canadian Pacific-
is proceeding with a grade separation between Summerhill Avenue and Dufferin
City Ticket Office, Canadian Pacific Railway, Tor
Toronto of To-day p * '"-*'
Street which includes the building of ten subways at points where important
thoroughfares intersect the tracks, thus eliminating many very busy grade crossings.
The points at which these subways are being built are as follows: Yonge Street,
Avenue Road, Davenport Road, Spadina Avenue, Rowland Avenue, Bathurst Street,
Christie Street, Shaw Street, Ossington Avenue, and Dovercourt Road. All of
these subways will extend under five tracks, two of which will be union tracks,
one a Canadian Northern service track, one a Canadian Pacific service track and
the other a Canadian Pacific through freight track. Unlike the present grade into
Muskoha Express, Union Station, Toronto
North Toronto station the new tracks will be elevated several feet so as to lessen
the degree of decline of the subways.
New Freight Terminals
On the old government property in the central portion of the city, the
railway is doing further important construction work. Covering the city block
bounded by John, Wellington, King and Simcoe Streets, an area of several acres,
are being built modern freight sheds and other facilities for the quick handling of
freight. Included in the new buildings being erected on this property are inbound
freight sheds, one outbound freight shed, freight offices and a warehouse.
This latter will be a seven storey building. All buildings are being built of fire-
f a ge Nin, ty Toronto of To-day
proof construction and are being equipped with the latest devices for the moving of
freight. The inbound freight shed will be about a quarter of a mile long and fifty
feet wide. The outbound shed will be the same length but only thirty feet wide.
West of the government property a considerable area of land has been secured for
the carrying of the tracks leading from the main lines to the warehouses.
New Passenger Car Shop
In West Toronto the activities of the Canadian Pacific are no less evident
than in North Toronto and in the central portions of the city. Tenders are now
being called for the building of a new passenger car repair shop at Keele and
AVest Toronto streets. This
new shop will be located
directly opposite the pres-
ent shops to which an addi-
tion has just been finished.
Farther AVest at Runny-
mede Road the company's
facilities for the handling of
the city's increasing freight
traffic have been greatly
added to. A new yard with
engine facilities has been
constructed, the plant in-
cluding a thirty stall engine
house and machine shop,
a three-track coaling plant,
a three-track sand house and
Bala Falls, Bala, Ontario, Maskoka Lakes double tWO-tmck cinder pits
a 60,000 gallon water tank
and oil house, maintenance building and a yardmaster's office. The plant is a
modern one in every respect.
New Montreal-Toronto Line
While the construction work of the company in the city itself is very heavy,
outside of the city limits is being prosecuted work which will have an important
bearing on the growth of the entire district. The new work has to do with a new
and better connection between Toronto and the cities and towns along the shore of
Lake Ontario and Montreal. Besides relieving traffic on the present Toronto-
Montreal line the new route will tap a rich and thickly populated stretch of
Ontario and will provide quicker transit between these two important sections.
From the Montreal end the new line leaves the present main route at Glen Tay,
about fifteen miles from Smith's Falls. This part of the main line of the C.P.R. has
just recently been double-tracked, which will give the new line double-track from there to
Montreal, a distance of one hundred and forty-four miles. Leaving Glen Tay the linetravels,
Toronto of To-day Pa * f ""'>">"*
south-westerly to Belleville where it strikes almost due west for a couple of miles and
then follows the shore of Lake Ontario to Toronto. It is about two hundred miles from
Toronto to Glen Tay by the
route surveyed. It is ex-
pected that when the new
line is finished it will enable
the Canadian Pacific to
lower considerably the time
of its Toronto-Montreal
service.
Altogether the op-
erations of the Canadian
Pacific in Toronto and
vicinity are on a huge scale.
Its big office building at the
corner of King and Yongc
Streets is a landmark worthy
of the city and the com-
pany. Its freight facilitiesare
being steadily extended and
its entire operations are
being undertaken with the view to giving the best possible service to the public.
The activities of the Canadian Pacific Railway and its influence on the
financial, mercantile, manufacturing, and labour interest of Canada, will be partially
appreciated when it is stated
that in the current year the
company's appropriations
for the construction of ad-
ditional railway mileage, for
cars and locomotives, term-
inal facilities at St. John,
Montreal, Toronto, Fort
William, Winnipeg, Cal-
gary, Vancouver and else-
where, for ocean steamships
and hotels, extensions of the
telegraph system, shops.
sidings and improvements
generally in Canada, will
approximate no less a sum
Muskoka Lakes, Bala
Moose Hunters' Camp near Desbarats, Ontario
than 8100,000,000.
Page Nincty-tu
Toronto of To-day
The Grand Trunk Railway System
Inseparably associated with the early history of the Dominion of Canada and
the primal factor in her subsequent progress and development is the Grand Trunk
Railway, which is indeed her pioneer railway, and stands prominently to the fore
among the pioneer railways of America, having been incorporated in 1852, and in the
period of years since then has acquired, by lease, amalgamation and purchase, the many
The Grand Trunk Railway System, City Office, Toronto
constituent companies which now form the present large system of 3,769 miles in Canada,
in addition to which it has a mileage for the United States of 1,558 miles, making a
total mileage for the present system of 5,327 miles.
Being situated in the most thickly settled and productive portions of the Dominion,
i.e., the eastern part, with ramifications by its branch lines and feeders into all the well
populated and industrial centres, it occupies an impregnable position for the gathering
of traffic.
Page Ninety-thr
Toronto of To-day
From Montreal the line continues westerly through the thickly settled country
along the north shore of the St. Lawrence River. A glance at the railway map of
Canada, and particularly to the province of Ontario, which is the garden of the Dominion,
will show how thoroughly and completely this pioneer railway, by reason of its long
years of possession and growth with the settlement and industrial development, has its
countless feeders established in positions of advantage for gathering the rapidly increasing
Grand Trunk Railway System's approach to the city of Toronto
traffic, including five main lines from east to west, 3,000 miles of the company's lines
in Canada being in this province alone, 650 miles of which is double main track extend-
ing from the eastern boundary of the province westerly, via Toronto, Niagara Falls,
Hamilton, and London, to Windsor and Sarnia. It is also the longest continuous double
track railway in the world under one management. This enviable position which can
only be attained by any transportation company after years of occupation and large
expenditures, has given the company many advantages over its competitors, to whom, at
numerous points on its system it has leased trackage or terminal facilities from which it
derives a large revenue.
For fully thirty years it possessed the territory and provided the only transporta-
tion facilities Canada had in the early settlement of the country, thereby having taken
a larger and more important part in her development, in the way of transportation, than
will ever another company, and this position, indeed, it is destined to maintain, looking
to its stupendous project for the construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway.
The illimitable possibilities in this connection also bid fair to be as boundless in their
influence, bringing Europe and Asia in closer communication by many hours than has
yet been achieved.
The large and important cities situated on the company's system in Canada and
the United States, namely, Portland (Maine), Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto,
fagt Nintty-four
Toronto of To-day
Hamilton, Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Windsor, Detroit, Toledo and Chicago, are synony-
mous with the growth and development of the American continent.
Some of the fastest long distance trains in the world are operated over the Grand
Trunk with modern up-to-date equipment and a special service of limited passenger
trains is operated between the Atlantic Ocean and Chicago. Every mile of track is laid
with eighty or one hundred pound rails; gravel ballast makes the road-bed solid; the gra-
dients have been reduced, curves straightened, and in some cases the mileage has been
lessened, and everything has been done to accelerate speed with the minimum of power.
The Grand Trunk Pacific
One of the important questions bearing upon the future prospects of the company
in respect of the gradients obtained, which enter so largely into the economical or costly
operation of the railway, according as they are light or heavy, was the selection of the
"The International Limited," running between Montreal, Toronto and Chicago,
one of the finest and fastest trains in Canada
Yellowhead Pass route through the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Coast. Exhaustive
explorations were made by the company's staff'of engineers which extended over a period
of three years and comprised the Peace River Pass, the Pine River Pass, the Wapiti
Pass, and a number of intermediate passes, with the result that the Yellowhead Pass
route was adopted, whereby a maximum gradient of only four-tenths of one per cent.,
or a rise of twenty-one feet in the mile, has been obtained against east-bound traffic
for the entire distance between Edmonton and the Coast, and but five-tenths of one per
cent., or a rise of twenty-six feet in the mile, has been obtained against west-bound traffic,
which can perhaps be better understood when it is borne in mind that it is no greater than
the extremely low grades, which have been obtained through the level country on the
prairie section. In crossing the Rocky Mountains, but one summit is encountered, the
maximum altitude of which is only 3,712 feet. These remarkable conditions exist in this
northern locality on account of the fact that the ranges of mountains along the western
portion of the American continent, which have their origin in Mexico, reach their max-
imum altitude in the region of the fortieth parallel of latitude, from which they gradually
recede to the north.
Toronto of To-day
Page Ninety-fiv
Of incalculable advantage and benefit to this new enterprise is its relation to the
Grand Trunk Railway Company of Canada, with its 4,800 miles of railway on which is
situated all the cities and the principal towns in eastern Canada. With this unrivalled
position, which can only be obtained by any transportation company after years of labour
and experience, the new transcontinental railway will at once become an exclusive
partner, and from the beginning will be placed in possession of an enormous general
traffic already created and originating on the Grand Trunk Railway System, but hitherto
being carried into the northwest over other lines.
Far-reaching as is the importance and influence of this great railway in the develop-
ment of the resources of the Dominion of Canada, it will be felt in an equally large
degree by its formation of the shortest route between Europe and Asia, as following the
completion of the railway, will be the necessity for providing lines of steamships on the
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans for taking care of the export and import traffic. The
distance between the countries named will be shortened, this being possible by the
location of the Pacific terminus (Prince Rupert, B.C.) so much northerly of an
existing port, thereby reducing the Pacific Ocean mileage, and by building an almost
straight and level line.
The lines in operation on the Grand Trunk Pacific in 1913 total 2,980 miles, and
600 miles in addition are under construction.
The Highlands of Ontario
The brain-fagged and tired
business man, the enthusiastic
gunner, or the man who likes a
boat or canoe, goes to the "High-
lands of Ontario." It is an ideal
place for a vacation.
The lakes abound with fish,
and here and there, a swift run-
ning brook babbles of the trout
which lie in quiet little pools
along its course.
Good boats, and that best
of all methods of navigation a
good canoe can be easily ob-
tained. Health stalks abroad on every vale and knoll;
its calm, reigns everywhere; contentment and
of the visitor.
It is far enough north to be cool in the hottest day in summer, and yet is not so
far as to be difficult of access. The Grand Trunk Railway runs special express trains
during the summer season from Buffalo, Niagara Falls and Toronto to this region, which
embraces the "Muskoka Lakes," "Lake of Bays," "Maganetawan River," "Algonquin
National Park," "Lake Nippissing and the French River," the "30,000 Islands of the
Georgian Bay," "Kawartha Lakes," and "Timagami."
Cache Lake, Algonquin National Park a
2,000 feet above the sea level
quiet peace, soothing in
happiness are the handmaidens
Toronto of To-day
The Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company
No resident of North America can know his own country as he should who has
not made the trip by water from Niagara to the sea. This voyage is the most varied
in scenery, the most exciting, the richest in historic association, of any that can be
made on the continent. From the mighty cataract itself to Lewiston and Queenston the
Niagara River (the connecting link between Lakes Erie and Ontario) dashes for fourteen
miles through the wonderful gorge made by itself, in the excavation of which it has
taken more than eighteen hundred years.
Steamers, Niagara Navigation Line, between Toronto, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Queenston and Lewiston
It is at this spot of incomparable beauty and scenic grandeur that the journey
from Niagara to the sea begins. Across Lake Ontario to Toronto, or going by rail to
the same point, the palatial steel steamers of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Com-
pany start for a journey through Lake Ontario, the Thousand Islands, which have come
to be known as "America's Venice," and down the St. Lawrence River, making the
exciting descent of all the wonderful rapids to Montreal, Quebec, Murray Bay,
Tadousac, and thence up the beautiful Saguenay River to Chicoutimi, which is located
at the head of this wonderful river which flows through the greatest and most scenic
navigable mountain gorge in the world.
Toronto of To-day
i -: r^.,jL T* - - TBti_
Steamer Kingston, Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Company, between Torontc
Rochester, Thousand Islands and Montreal
Steamer Toronto, Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Company, between Toronto,
Rochester, Thousand Islands and Montreal
Page Ninety-eight
Toronto of To-day
Manufacturers and Wholesalers
Boston Ivy on North Entrance
An Axminster Carpet Loom
Head Office of The Toronto Carpet Company, Limited
Toronto of To-day
Page Ninety-nin
11,1
Page One Hundred
Toronto of To-day
Guffa Percha & Rubber, Limited, Manufacturers of Mechanical Rubber Goods,
Conveyor Belting, Tires and Rubber Footwear
Head Office of
Guffa Percha & Rubber, Limited
Head Office of George H. Hees, Son and Company,
Limited, Manufacturers of Window Shades,
Upholstery Goods and Lace Curtains
Toronto of To-day
Page One Hundred and On
Toronto of To-day
-' ----OFFICES & SAMPLE ROOMS:
> FRONT ST EAST. TORONTO I
FACTORY & WAREHOUSE.
KING STREET WEST. TORONTO.
Cowans, Kent & Company, Limited, Wholesale Glassware
The W. /?. Brock Company, Limited, Wholesale Dry Goods and Woolens
Established 1877. Head Office, Toronto
Toronto of To-day
Page One Hundred and Three
John Macdonald & Company, Wholesale
Dry Goods. Established 1849
Head Office, Toronto
C. Colliding & Sons
Wholesale Millinery
The Adams Furniture Company, Limited
Toronto of To-day
W. R. Johnston & Company, Limited
Wholesale Clothing Warehouse Head Office, Torontc
Murray Printing Company, Limited, Large Edition Printers
Residence of J. W. Flavelle, Esq.
Page One Hundred and Sii
Toronto of To-day
Casa-Loma, the seat of Colonel Sir Henry Pellatt, K.B., C.V.O., A.D.C.
The Stables and Garage of Casa-Loma
Toronto of To-day
Residence of Sir William Mackenzie, K..B.
Jarvis Street
Page One Hundred and Eight
Toronto of To-day
Residence of Mrs. Massey Treble
Residence of Sir Donald Mann, K.B.
Toronto of To-day
Page One Hundred and Nil
The Metropolitan Methodist Church
St. James' Cathedral
Built 1847, being the fourth ecclesiastical structure of
this name, the original building having been built
in 1803
St. Michael's Roman Catholic Cathedral
Page One Hundred and Te
Toronto of To-day
Normal School Building
Containing the Ethnographical Museum and the Ontario College of Art
Graphic Arts Building
Toronto of To-day
Page One Hundred and Eleo
The Arena
700. Floor space, SO z 200 feet, which
icial ice plant with a capacity
of Arena, $500,000.
Hanlan's Point Stadium
The home of the
the birthplace of Edward Hanlan, the
service. The Ferry Company, Hanlan's Point and the Stadiur
are under the management of Mr. Lawrence Solman.
Toronto of To-day
One of the ha
Royal Alexandra Theatre
it of conitruction {400,000. Under the management of Mr. Lawrence Soln
Bird's Eye View of University Buildings
