Toy dogs; their origin, different breeds, how to select, breed, and manage them, together with their diseases and symptoms, with remedies for the same by homopathic and allopathic treatments

SF 427
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"ANCIERS Haro O0KS.

PUBLISHED BY :

‘THE ASSOCIATED FANCIERS,

400 North Third Street,
- Philadelphia, Pa.

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Mery: DOGS:

THEIR ORIGIN, DIFFERENT BREEDS, HOW TO SELECT, BREED,
| AND MANAGE THEM, TOGETHER WITH THEIR
DISEASES AND SYMPTOMS, WITH

REMEDIES FOR THE
SAME BY

HOMEOPATHIC AND ALLOPATHIC TREATMENTS.

BY JOHN FE. DIEHL,
AUTHOR OF

THE ‘‘ DOMESTIC CAT’? AND THE ‘‘ POULTRY DOCTOR.”’

PUBLISHED BY

THE ASSOCIATED FANCIERS,

CITY OFFICE: 400 NORTH THIRD STREET,
PHILADELPHIA, PA,

Entered according to Act ot Congress, inthe year 1899, by the
ASSOCIATED FANCIERS,

In the Office of the LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, at Washington, D C.

Gift
Pyblisher

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TOY DOGS. Dd

ORIGIN OF THE DOG.

From the earliest mention of dogs, it is believed they
have always been the faithful companions and true
friends of the human race;‘and their services have been
utilized in more waysthanone. As regards their origin,
we might as well give that up, although so much has
been written about it by naturalists and others, nothing
definite has been arrived at, as all theories and conjec
tures that have been promulgated, have remained un-
supported by the slightest proofs. Dogs are more or less
endowed with sagacity amounting to almost reasoning
power; a sharp scent, keen sight, and in some instances,
strong courage. They are to be met with in all parts of
the world, but it is generally in the more temperate
climates, that they are found in perfection.. Theancients
highly prized the flesh of the dog as food, and even at
the present date they are eaten and relished by the in-
habitants of China and the Society Islands. However, as
we are not writing on dogs in general, we will refer the
reader to the larger works, that treat more fully upon the
subject. Our intentions are only to take up the smaller
breeds of dogs, such as are used for pets inside of the
house. These small dogs are designated as toys, and are
no doubt evolved from the larger animals, as we can
bring nothing to prove that they were originally distinct
breeds,

TOY DOGS.

ANATOMY OF THE DOG.

In order that the reader may intelligently understand
the technical terms, of the different parts of a dog, the
following diagram will aid in locating the same:

_ Nose.

. Flews or Chaps.

asal.

. Stop.

. Skull.

- Occiput.

. Dewlap, when there are
such.

3. Brisket.

NOOR Whe

DIAGRAM OF DOG.

. Top of Shoulder-blade

or “Shoulder.”

. Top of hip-joint.
. Shoulder-blade or Scap-

ula.

. Rump-bone.
. Arm.

14. Elbow.

- Fore-arm.

. Knee.

. Stifle-joint.

. Hocks.

. Tail, Stern, Brush, or

Flag; the latter isthe
long hair on the tail
of long haired dogs.

. Chest.
. Pasterns.

The definition of the different terms used in the make:
up of the dog, are as follows:

TOY DOGS. 7

Apple-Headed.—This term implies that the skull is round instead of
flat on the top.

Blaze.—A white mark up the face.

Brisket (No. 8).—The part of the body in front of the chest

Brush.—One of the terms used for the ss
tail; generally applied to Sheep-
dogs.

Butterfly-nose.—A spotted nose.

Button-ear.—An ear which falls over
in front, concealing the inside, as
in Fox-terriers. (See Fig. 15).

Cat-foot.—A short, round foot, with
the knuckles high and well de- —-¥#™@_:15.— BUTTON-EaR,
veloped. (See Fig. 16).

Chest (No. 20).—The chest of a dog is not what many people
speak of as breast, or chest, but extends underneath him, fron
the brisket to the belly.

Cobby.—Well ribbed-up; short and compact in pro-
portion. i WS

Couplings.—The length or space between the tops of WIS
the shoulder-blades and tops of the hip-joints, or
huckle-bones. The term denotes the proportion-
ate length of a dog, which is accordingly spoken
of as long or short ‘in the couplings.”

Cow-hocked.—The hocks turning inwards.

Dewlap (No. 7).—Pendulous sk‘n under the throat. aoe Se = eae

Dew-claw.—An extra claw, fourd occasionally on the ~* goor.
legs of all breeds, but especially the St Bernard.

Dish-faced.—This term describes a dog whose
nasal bone is higher at the nose than at
the stop. A feature not unfrequently seen
in Pointers.

Dudley-nose.—A tiesh-colored nose.

Elbow (No. 14).—The joint at top of the fore-
arm.

Elbows out.—This term almost describes it-
self, but will be understood instantly from
Fig. 18. Bull-dogs and Dachshunds are
desired with elbows so shaped, but it may
occur as a fault through weakness.

Feather.—The fringe of hair on the back of
some breeds’ legs; notably Setters, Span- ,
iels, and Sheep-dogs. FI@. 18.—ELBOWS OUT

8 TOY DOGS.

Flag.—A term for the tail applied to Setters,

Flews (No, 2).—The chaps, or overhanging lips of the upper jaw.
The term is chiefly applied to hounds or
other deep-mouthed dog.

fore-arm (No. 15).—This makes the principal \
length of the fore-leg, and extends from fy
elbow to pastern. \

frill—tThe projecting fringe of hair on the
chest of some dogs, and especially of the
Collie.

Hare-Foot—A long, narrow foot, carried for-
ward. (See Fig. 19).

Haw.—The red inside eye-lid, usually hidden, 7! 19-—HABE-FOoT.
but specially prominent in Bloodhounds.

Height.—Th: height of a dog is measured at the shoulder, bending
the head gently down. The proper method is to stand the dog
on level ground close by a wall, and to lay a flat rule across
his shoulders horizontally so as to touch the wall; then meas-
ure to the point touched by the rule. Some people “ tape”’
from the centre between the shoulders to the ground; but this
plan obviously adds to the real height of the dog, and is practi-
cally a fraud.

Hocks (No. 18).—The hock-joints.

Huckle-bones (No. 10).—Teps of the hip joints. Thespace between
these and the tops of the shoulders is called the couplings.

Knee (No. 16).—The jointattaching the fore-pasterns and fore-arm.

Leather.—The skin of the ear.

Occiput (No. 6).—The prominent bone at the back or top of the
skull; particularly prominent in Bloodhounds.

Overshot.—Vhe upper teeth projecting beyondthe lower. This fault
in excess makes a dog pig-jawed, which see at Fig. 20.

Pastern (No. 21).—The lowest section
of the leg, below the knee or hock,
respectively.

Pig-jawed.—The upper jaw protruding
over the lower, so that the upper
incisor teeth are in advance of the
lower, an exaggeration of an over-
shot-jaw. (See lig. 20).

Pily.—A peculiar quality of coat found
in some dogs. wfiich show on ex- FIG. 20.—PIG-JAWED.
amination a short woolly jacket next the skin, out of. which
springs the longer coat which 1s visible. This short woolly

TOY DOGS. 9

coat is “ pily.’”’ When an ordinary coat is described as pily,
it means that it is soft and woolly, instead of hard; which in
such cases is of course a fault.

Rose-ear.—An ear of which the point curls
backwards and downwards, lying close
to the inside burr of the ear. (See
Fig. 21).

Septum.—The division between the nostrils.

Shoulders (No. 9).—Thetop of the shoulder- FIG. 21.—RoSE-EAR.
blades, the point at which the height of a dog is =
measured.
Skull (No. 5).—This is formed by the frontal, parie-
tal, and occipital bones.
Splay-foot.—The foot spread out flat and awkwardly.
(See Fig. 22).

Stern.—The tail.

Stifle-joint (No. 17).—The hip joint. FIG. 22.—8PLAY.

Stop (No. 4).—The indentation between the skull FOOT.
and nasal bone, near the eyes. This :
feature is strongly developed in Bull-
dogs, Pugs, and Short-faced Spaniels,
and considerably so in many other
dogs.

Tulip-ear.— An upright or pricked ear.

Undershot.—The lower incisor teeth pro-
jecting beyond the upper, as in Bull- <M
dogs. (See Fig. 23). FIG. 23.—UNDERSHOT.

wy) sEN

10 TOY DOOS.

SELECTING A DOG.

If you want a dog for breeding purposes, it is well to
obtain one with a gvod pedigree, as good ancestry, will
go a great ways in helping you to dispose of the progeny
at remunerative prices, but if you want one merely for a
companion or pet, you can often obtain them with far
better puints, and at much less cost than a highly pedi-
greed animal. In making a selection of a dog, there are
many characteristics and points that should be well
looked into. Compact frames, with plenty of bone,
contribute to strength, which is very desirable when
dogs are kept principally for breeding; other points to be
taken into consideration when selecting your dog, vary
in the different breeds, which will be fully elucidated
under the headings of those breeds.

MANAGEMENT OF DOGS.

To keep a dog healthy and in good condition, he should
have plenty of out door exercise, particularly in fine
weather; if he has access to a large yard, he can be
allowed to roam at large, but if taken for a walk in the
-streets, to avoid accidents, he should be led by a chain
or leader, attached to either a wide collar, or still better,
a nice set of harness. If he is kept mostly out of doors,
as is often the case in warm weather, he should havea
roomy house, made perfectly rain or wind tight, with an
opening cut in ong end, so that he can go in and out at
his pleasure. Should the owner so desire, he can have

TOY DOGS. ll

his dog chained to the house, which should be located
where it will not be exposed to the sun. In warm
weather there is no need to have a bed in the dog house,
but if the weather is cold or chilly a bed composed of
straw or shavings should be furnished. In winter
weather small pet dogs are generally kept inside of doors,
except when being exercised, in which case a low box or
basket hamper with a carpet bedding in the bottom
makes the best sleeping place for them.

Pet dogs should be allowed to go out of doors at least
three times a day, early morning, at noon, and the last
thing at night, in order to attend to their affairs, which
they soon get accustomed to perform and are thereby
more apt to be clean when indoors. In correcting a dog
for bad habits, or making him obedient in other respects,
bear in mind that one good whipping is more effective
in correcting him than a dozen slight punishments.

Most owners overfeed their dogs, particularly with
meat. Once a day is often enough to feed full-grown or
healthy dogs, and that meal is better given to them in
the evening, as after eating they will generally go to
sleep, and are then not apt to howl or bark during the
night. Their meal should consist of not over one-fourth
~ meat, and that well cooked, which is sufficient for house
dogs, that do not get much exercise. The best food for
dogs are the scraps that come from the table, as they
generally consist of a variety of things that are good and
healthy, besides which they cost really nothing. Never
give a dog more food than he will eat at one meal, as
what he leaves is apt to lie around, and it either becomes
tainted, or else the sight of it will be apt to spoil his
appetite. Occasionally give your dog a bone, from which
most of the meat has been scraped. It will not only ben-
efit the teeth, but strengthen the jaws, and will help to

12 TOY DOGS.

amuse the dog for hours.

When food has to be specially prepared for dogs, there
is nothing better than meat chopped fine and well cook-
ed, with equal parts of corn meal, bran meal and rice,
which should be made up into the shape of biscuit or
pudding. Dog biscuits are now prepared both in this
country and England, and are becoming very popular, as
they require no trouble to prepare them.

By far the best and most satisfactory of these are the
New Process Dog Biscuits, prepared by the Associated
Fanciers, of Philadelphia. They contain the proper
proportions of lean meat, oat meal, Indian meal, wheat
flour, ground bone and charcoal, which have been found
to be most advantageous for the health of dogs. These
biscuits may be kept for months in a dry place without
detriment. They are vouched for and recommended by
the highest veterinarians. If there is any trouble in
procuring these New Process Dog Biscuits, sent to the
office of the Associated Fanciers, 400 North Third Street,
Philadelphia, Pa., for a price list.

Fresh drinking water is also a necessity for the health-
fulness of all animals. The drinking dish should be
thoroughly cleaned out every day, to prevent it from
getting foul or slimy; a deep earthen dish makes the
best kind of a drinking vessel.

The appearance of a dog depends almost entirely upon
the manner in which he is fed, and the care bestowed
upon him. To have him healthy nothing but good and
wholesome food should be given. To have his coat look
well he must be effectively groomed at least three times
a week, if not daily. Ontheshort haired variety a haired
glove, or a medium soft brush should be used, while on
the long haired breeds a comb and an ordinary brush
may be used. Stiff hard brushes are apt to irritate the

TOY DOGS. 13

skin and cause eruptions, and therefore should be avoided
if possible; always comb and brush a dog the same
way the hair turns. Most dogs object to being washed,
but in order to have them look well, this is a necessary
operation, and should be performed once a month in
winter, while once a week in summer will not hurt them.
Their bath tub should be large enough to hold them
without confining them to.a cramped position, and the
water should be tepid, about six inches deep. Havea
large sponge handy with which the dog can be thor-
oughly wetted, then rub the Associated Fanciers’ dog
soap over his body until a lather is produced, which should
be rubbed thoroughly into his coat, after which rinse him
off with water, lift him out of the tub and rub him dry
with a coarse towel. A little hair oil rubbed on his coat
will improve his appearance, and give it a glossy look.
After the dog is washed he should be wrapped ina blanket,
and kept in a warm place until he is thoroughly dry.

BREEDING DOGS.

Breeding should be regulated by a judicious selection
of good healthy stock, and an adoption of rules, for the
successful carrying out of the same. A well-bred pedi-
greed dog is more apt to propagate stock resembling him-
self than a good looking cur will do.

The first step is to select the variety you wish to breed,
and carefully scrutinize the strains, which may be neces-
sary for you to have intermingle. Avoid in-breeding if
possible, that is by a union of father and mother, mother

14 TOY DOGS.

and son, or brother and sister; if persisted in to any great
extent, is apt to stunt the growth and weaken the
constitution of all dogs. Although the union of the two
former is preferable to the latter.

Breeding dogs is often attended with tedious and dis-
appointing results, particularly with beginners, as their
best calculations are apt to be upset; however, we will
have to live and learn. It is essential that the parent
dogs should be both healthy and strong, particularly the
female, in order to sustain the growth of her puppies
before birth, as well as to produce milk for them after-
wards.

The best age to breed from, is after both the sire and
dam are fully matured, which in the stall or toy varieties
of dogs is when they are a year or eighteen months old.
The best time of the year for breeding toy dogs, is in the
early Spring, so that the puppies may have more sun-
shine and open air exercise while growing, which adds

to their health and strength.
When a bitch is ready for breeding, she is likely to

show it, by her inclination to flirt and romp with any
dog she may meet, it is then advisable to keep a close
eye upon her, in order to prevent strange dogs coming in
contact with her. The time for her inclination to breed,
which is called in heat, generally lasts about three weeks,
and about the middle of that time or ten days from the
first symptoms, which is after she is done bleeding, is the
proper time for her to have the service of the dog, which
service, should be allowed to be performed twice from
twenty-four to forty-eight hours apart, once: may not
prove sufficient, and more than twice is superfluous.

Most bitches are inclined to breed as a general thing
twice a year, at regular periods, some every four or five
months, while others only every nine or twelve months,

TOY DOOS. 15

twice a year is often enough to allow a bitch to breed.

In order to get good strong pups and at the same time
keep the bitch in health and strength. After a bitch
has been served with a dog, a space of nine weeks will
elapse before her puppies will be born, sometimes on the
exact day, although it frequently happens that they
will make their appearance two, three or four days be-
fore the computed time fixed for her to have them. To
make a bitch inclined to copulate give her seven drops of
tincture of cantharides twice a day till the effect is pro-
duced; it generally takes place in about six days; this is
often resorted to when it is desired to get the service of a
dog that cannot be had at all times, although it should
not be resorted to sooner than four or five months after
the bitch has had her last litter of pups. Tuo reduce the
time a bitch is inclined to be in heat, give her a little
nitre in water, or an injection of diluted vinegar, and in
a few days the inclination will disappear. This is a good
remedy when parties do not care to have their bitches to
breed, as it shortens their time of trouble.

When it is ascertained that your bitch is in pups, she
should have plenty of exercise until about the sixth week,
at which time there should be a perceptible change in
her appearance, after which time it should be gradually
moderated, at the same time care should be taken that
she does not strain herself by undue jumping or running.
During the latter part of her pregnancy washing her
should be avoided as she is then most liable to take cold.

About a week before she is expected to pup, she should
be made acquainted with the quarters in which it is
desired the event shall take place, so thatshe may become
accustomed to them, which should be warm and dry and
away from the interferance of other dogs.

‘A few days before the puppies make their appearance,

16 TOY DOGS.

her milk can be observed, her appearance is considerably
enlarged, aud her actions indicate an uneasiness, her
appetite is apt to fail, and her bowels become constipated,
in the latter case, a dose of sweet oil should be given,
which seems to lubricate her internal organs and helps
partruition.

A bitch in pups should neither be too lean or too fat,
if the former she should he fed up with nourishing food,
if the latter she should be reduced. Excessive fatin a
bitch about to pup, not only interferes with the birth of
the pups, but it is liable to interfere with the secretion of
the milk, and if this does occur it aggravates milk fever.

When a bitch is safely delivered she should be kept on
a milk and gruel diet for two or three days; it is strength-
ening and soothing to the internal organs; after that time
well cooked meat and bread and milk may be fed.

In cases of protracted labor or a bitch being unable to
pass her puppies after being in labor for some time, say
twenty four hours or more, the application of ice to the
abdomen, will often enable her to do so, as it has the
effect of contracting the muscles of the womb, which
assists in the expulsion of the pups. Ergot of rye is
sometimes given in small doses, every hour, in complica-
ted cases, but it should be resorted to only as an extreme
measure. When indications are of internal complication,
surgical aid must be called in, providing competent
persons can be obtained.

Some bitches are notorious for the habit of killing their
puppies, in such cases the only means to adopt in order
to save their lives, is either to give them a foster mother,
or take the puppies away from their own mother, wrap
them up warmly in flannel, and keep before the fire and
allow the mother to suckle them every couple of hours,
when you can be present to watch her. :

TOY DOGS. 17

In the event of valuable puppies being expected, where
you are in doubt of their receiving proper attention from
their own mother, it is well to provide before hand a
foster mother, which can be generally had in a suitable
condition; they can be hired for a few weeks at a reason-
able figure if advert’sed for in the papers. Great care
should be taken to have the foster mother in good health
and condition, and if possible short haired, and as near
in size of the original mother as ean be secured.

Few small bitches can rear as many as six pups, many
only four, and to do them justice, in case a bitch should
have more than she seems to be able to eare for, it
would be well to destroy the superfluous ones, being sure
to keep those that appear to be the most thrifty, the best
formed and nicest marked in color.

About the ninth day the pups begin to see, and when
they are three or four weeks old they will lap milk,
which they should be encouraged to do, as it is a great
saving to the mother’s strength. At five or six weeks
old they are ready to be weaned.

It frequently occurs that the teats of the bitch become
lacerated by the teeth of the pups while nursing, and
inflammation from the influx of milk often arises when
they are removed, relief from the same can be obtained
by rubbing the teats and stomach with camphorated oil,
night and morning for a few days.

A mild dose of physic, such as castor oil or sweet oil,
after the puppies have been removed, will also prove
beneficial to the bitch. If the bitch’s teats become
caked, rub them with a little warm vinegar twice a day,
when they willsoon dry up.

18 TOY DOGS.

REARING PUPPIES.

Until weaned puppies do not require much care, after
which to keep your pups in health, the following rules
should be observed :

Ist. Give them a warm, clean and dry lodging place.
2d. Wholesome suitable food.

38d. Regularity of meals, and

4th. Sufficient exercise. }

All puppies require dry lodging, and in winter time,
when the weather is apt to be cold, those that are young
or of a delicate breed, should have a stove in their ap-
partment. They should have a low box for a bedstead,
with plenty of fresh, dry straw for a bed, while in sum-
mer the bare boards or a little sawdust in the bottom of
the box will be sufficient. Care should be taken that
their appartments, as well as their beds, are kept perfectly
clean and free from dampness or cold draughts.

A few days after puppies have been taken from their
mother a noticeable change in their appearance takes -
place, caused by the alteration of food and mode of life.
The best food for puppies when first taken from their
mothers, is boiled bread and milk, or oat meal porridge.
As they more fully mature, crushed biscuits and a little
chopped cooked meat and vegetables may be given.

They should be fed three times a day, at regular hours,
morning, noon and night. Always be careful that their
dishes are clean and that their food is not tainted in any
manner. Never give them more food at a meal than
they can comfortably devour as what they leave is apt to
become rancid and unwholesome. While they are in
their puppyhood never give them raw meat, as it will

TOY DOGS. 19

generally interfere with their digestion. After they shed
their puppy teeth, which occurs when they are about
nine months old, they can be fed as prescribed for old
dogs.

The greatest scourge for puppies are worms and dis-
temper. Teething sometimes troubles them, but not to
avery great extent. Almost all puppies are apt to be
troubled with worms, before or soon after they are re-
moved from their mother. The presence of worms is
indicated, when the stomach of puppies swells up and
hardens, while the rest of their bodies generally appear
thin, and they have an emaciated appearance. The best
remedy for wormsin pups, is a dose of the Associated
Fanciers’ Worm Powders; a couple of doses is generally
sufficient. The medicine should be administered to the
pups on an empty stomach, say, after about a twelve
hours’ fast; during that period they should also have no
water to drink, the object being to deprive the worms of
food, so that the medicine may have a greater effect
uponthem. Fits are almost invariably caused by worms,
which will subside on the removal of the worms.

Distemper can be considerably alleviated in form, if
not altogether prevented by keeping your puppies clean
and dry and also caring for the sanitary condition of
their kennels. Cleanliness, sound food, fresh water, and
fresh air with proper exercise, renders distemper almost
impossible. Should, however, a pup be attacked with it
from either want of attention or contagion, as distemper
is contagious, it should immediately be removed from
the well ones that do not appear to be affected and placed
in an apartment by itself, which should be clean, dry
and free from draught, with about an even temperature.
The food should consist of beef tea with boiled rice or
bread soaked in it. About as effective a medicine as can

20 TOY DOGS.

be given, is Humphrey’s Veterinary Specific, C. C., of
which give from five to eight drops, three times a day. .
The symptoms of this disease are as follows: loss of appe-
tite, drowsiness, dullness of eyes, heat in head and body,
sneezing, running at the eyes and nose, general weak-
ness, with diarrhoea and sometimes vomiting.

Puppies frequently have fleas or lice, particularly in
warm weather, when they are so troubled one or two ap-
plications of the Associated Fanciers’ Flea Wash, will
generally prove effective, and there is no danger of it
hurting the pups.

Growing puppies should have plenty of exercise, in
order to properly develop their muscles and limbs.
They should be kept well under cover until they are past
three months of age, after which they may be allowed
-to roam at large, particularly in fine weather, with a
sheltered place for them to run into, to avoid the heat or
rain. If puppies are house-raised they should be taken
out in the open air daily, when the weather permits, for
.a short walk.

TOY DOGS. el

DIFFERENT BREEDS OF DOGS.

Their values are regulated by the quality, sex, and age.
Parties desiring further information will please enclose
postage stamp for reply; and address the Associated
Fanciers, 400 North Third Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

BitL/Aat

Terriers are useful us well as ornamental. In [Europe
they are often used for hunting small game, such as
rabbits, foxes, weascls, cte., as well as for exterminating
rats, while in this country they are merely kept as pets,

22 TOY DOGS.

or to kill rats and mice. They generally have plenty of
persistency and grit, and will attack the largest foes.
They also have good noses, and when trained are nearly
equal toa hound in the sharpness of their scent. Terriers
may be divided into several varieties. The principal
toy breeds are known as the Yorkshire, Skye, Scotch,
Bedlington, Dandie Dinmot, Black-and-Tan and Bull
Terrier.

YORKSHIRE TERRIER.

This breed is a great lady’s pet and is the most modern
type of terrier, having been almost unknown until the
past few years. It is difficult to satisfactorily trace the
lineage of this breed, but it is supposed to be a cross
between the Skye and Maltese and the old fashioned
long-haired Black and Tan, and is often confounded by
those not posted in dog nomenclature with the Scotch or
Skye varieties. The following are its characteristics and
points: The ears of this variety are generally cropt, but
in their natural state should be thin, fine and rather

TOY DOGS. 23

small; skin, black or of a tan color; the head, rather
long and tapering towards the nose, and of a golden tan
color; the eyes, should be dark and bright, round and
rather full, they are generally invisible except when the
hair is turned back; nose, smal} and black, with well
defined nostrils; the body should be in proportion of
height to length, compact with a broad chest, the coating
of which should be abundant, with long, glossy fine hair,
free from curl, the color of which should be of a silvery
blue; the legs should be straight and well placed under
the body, well feathered and of a rich tan color; the tail
should be docked and carried straight, horizontaly with
the body. Weight when matured from three to eighteen
pounds. The males are the most valued. The pups,
when born, are black in color, but gradually change to
their proper shades as they grow older and shed out.

Price: Males, $20.00 to $150.00; females, $15.00 to $125.00;
puppies, $15.00 to $25.00.

There are two varieties of the Skye Terrier, one rather
small with long, straight, silky hair and large falling

ears, slightly raised at buts. The other, larger in size,

24 TOY DOGS.

with harsh, short, coarse hair and prick ears. ‘They are
also to be found in different colors, such as a dark, slaty
blue, black, steel gray, with black tips to ears and tail,
fawn or fawn with brown tips. Their heads are long,
running toa pointed snout, but broad and flat on- top;
eyes, large and keen, brown in color; nose, pointed, black
or sometimes of a dark flesh color; their bodies are long
and flat; neck long; fore legs short, stout and slightly
bent; hind legs short and straight, well feathered with
straight hair; tail, carried low with a slight curl in the
end of the smaller variety, while in the larger, it is
longer, straight and carried more up. When these dogs
are measured from tip of nose to tip of tail, their length
should be three times greater than their height, which
latter should be from eight to fifteen inches. Their
weights vary from ten to twenty pounds. The smaller
size are generally the lady’s pets, while the larger rough
ones are utilized by man to rid the premises of rats and
other kinds of vermin.

Price: Males, $15 to $75; females, $15 to $20; puppies,
$10 to $20.

PRICKED-EAR SKYE TERRIER,

TOY DOGS. 25

SCOTCH TERRIER.

The Scotch Terrier, frequently denoted as the wire-
haired terrier, on account of his coat being of a wiry
and rough texture, is the smartest working variety of
the whole terriertribe. His sagacity and intelligence pre-
dominates, and his courage qualifies him, not only asa
superior vermin destroyer, but also an excellent watch
dog. His origin is obscure. In colors they are to be
found in white, black and tan, and of a gray mixture
called pepper and salt, which latter color is considered
the characteristic color of a true Seotch Terrier.. In
shape they should be rather thick set and compact with
a muscular appearance. Their head is carried high, and
they are quick and alert in their actions. Ears, small
and semierect, oftentimes they are cropped; eyes, small,
bright and keen, and of a dark brown color; head, long
and rounding on the top, covered with short, harsh hair;
nose and mouth black; coat, harsh and wiry, hair about
two inches in length; tail of medium length, slightly
curved. They are from nine to twelve inches in height,
and weigh from ten to eighteen pounds.

Price: Males, $15.00 to $50.00; females, $15.00 to $50.00;
Puppies, $10.00 to $25.00.

26 TOY DOGS.

BEDLINGTON TERRIER.

The Bedlington Terrier is best known in England,
Where it is much more prized than in America. It is
comparatively of a recent origin, but its qualities are
becoming more appreciated as a working terrier. Itis
said to be of high courage, but of rather a quiet disposi-
tion. The body is short with long straight legs, giving
it the appearance of being somewhat leggy; the head is
narrow, With a long straight muzzle, and is covered with
a tuft of silky hair; nostrils large and either dark or light
color, the former preferable; ears filbert shaped, rather
long and hanging close to the head, fringed with silky
hair; eyes round, small and sunken, and of a dark color;
coat harsh and somewhat short, in color either dark
blue, liver or sandy; height, from twelve to eighteen
inches; weight, from twelve to twenty-five pounds.

Price: Males, $25.00 to $50.00; females, $20.00 to $50.00;
puppies, $15.00 to $50.00.

IRISH TERRIER.

The Irish Terrier is said to be a pure and distinct breed,
and has been known in Ireland for the past century.
Although not a handsome dog, by any means, he is a
very intelligent one, like Paddy from Cork, he is a lively
and amusing companion, and contains a mine of fun in
a country ramble, being full of the Devil and always
ready to get up an excitement by hunting up everything

TOY DOGS. 27

~

in the way of game or vermin. Irish Terriers are re-
markably good tempered, and seldom quarrelsome, yet
will take their own part if set upon, no matter what may
be the size of their aggressor. Fear isapparently unknown
to them. This feature not only makes them favorites of
gentlemen, but the poor man’s watch dog and the farm-
er’s friend. For killing rats he has no equal, and is
excellent for driving out rabbits and foxes, when holed

IRISH TERRIERS.

Ze

by hounds, and when properly trained will quarter ina
field or hunt in a swamp as well as most Setters or
Spaniels. They will bear any amount of hard work
and rough usage, as they are constitutionally hardy,
require less care, and are more free from disease than
any other variety of terriers. Their pointsare as follows:
Head, long; skull, flat and narrow between the ears;
jaws, strong and muscular; teeth, even and strong; lips,
well fitting, showing the black through the hair; nose,
black; eyes, dark hazel in color, rather prominent, but
small and full of life and intelligence; ears, small and

.

28 TOY DOGS.

shaped like a V, well set up on head and drooping for-
ward. Like other terriers they are often cropped; neck, of
fair length, widening towards the shoulders, and free
from throatiness; chest, muscular and deep; shoulders,
long and sloping into the back; body, moderately long;
back, straight and strong; loins, broad, well ribbed and
slightly arched; tail, invariably docked, free from fringe
or feather, set pretty high, but not curled over the back;
feet, moderately small but strong; toes, arched but
turned neither out nor in, toe nails black; legs, moder
ately long, well set under the body and perfectly straight,
bony aud muscular, and free from feather; coat, hard,
wiry and straight, moderately short; color, solid either
red, yellow, wheaten or gray; weight from sixteen to
twenty-four pounds.

Price: Males, $25 to $50; females, $20 to $40; puppies,
$15 to $25.

AIREDALE TERRIER.

os

This variety of terrier is of a larger type than the
former, and is used more as a hunting or watch dog than
household pet. He is very gamy, fond of water, and is
easily broken to the gun or to drive cattle or sheep. He
is also a good retriever, both by land and water. ‘The
breed originated in England, about forty years ago, and
is an inter-mixture of Scotch Terrier, Bull Terrier and
Otter Hound, and derives its name from the valley of
the Aire, where they are much appreciated. Their
points are as follows: Head, flat and wide between the
ears; muzzle, long; nose, black; nostrils, large; lips,

TOY DOGS. 29

black and free from flews; teeth, large and strong; eyes,
bright, small and dark in color; ears, thin set on to-
wards the side of the head, of fair size, and carried
forward, similar to a Fox Terrier, with hair rather short;
neck, neat and strong, free from dewlap or throatiness;
Body, moderately long, with short and muscular loins,
well sprung rounded ribs; legs, of moderatétength,
straight and muscular; feet, round with toes inelimed to
spread, toe nails black; tail, short and should be “docked
from four to seven inches; coat, rough, broken, close and
of a harsh texture; color, bluish gray, darkest on back
or saddle, with muzzle, ears, breast, belly and feet of a
rich tan; weight from thirty to fifty five pounds.

Price: Males, $25 to $50; females, $20 to $40; puppies,
$15 to $25.

DANDIE DINMONT.

DANDIE DINMONT.

The Dandie Dinmont is supposed to be a cross between
the Scotch Terrier and the Otter Hound. There are
several noted English strains of them, and they are an
old and historic variety. Sir Walter Scott by mention- .

30 TOY DOGS.

ing them in his celebrated novel Guy Mannering, gave
them a notoriety which made them for a time quite
fashionable. They are a gamy little dog and oneof their
strongest characteristics is their tenacity of purpose.
When used as hunters they will seldom leave the trail.
They are also excellent vermin dogs and very useful about
a country place. They are intelligent, affectionate, and
generally good tempered, but when once aroused they
will tackle anything within reach of them. The points
of this breed are: Head, large, long and tapering to the
muzzle; ears, large, pendulous and hanging close to the
cheeks, slightly feathered; eyes, brown, large and with
an intelligent expression; body, long; shoulders, low;
chest, full; back, slightly curved; neck, thick and mus-
cular; legs, short and thick, a little bowed in front, the
hind legs set well apart; tail, straight, slightly feathered
and carried erect with a slight curve in the center; the
hair of the body is straight, hard and wiry, of a reddish
brown or blue gray in color, while on the head and legs
the hair is softer and of « lighter shade, and is apt to be
slightly curly on the head. Their height is from nine
to twelve inches, and their weight from fifteen to twenty-
five pounds. r

Price: Males, $30 to $100; females, $25 to $75; puppies,
$15 to $50.

i

|

TOY DOGS. 31

MALTESE DOG.

Re.
MALTESE DOG.

This handsome little dog is a great pet among the
ladies. In appearance it resembles a miniature Skye
Terrier, with the exception of its tail, which curls over
its back. The back is shorter than the Skye, and its coat
considerably longer and more silky. Head, rather long,
running to a point; nose and eyes, black; ears, high set,
covered with long silky hair; legs, short and well placed
under the body; tail, rather short, well feathered and
tightly curled over the back; coat, long, fine and silky.
The color should be pure white, with an occasional patch
of fawn on the ears. The weight should be from four to
eight pounds.

Price: Males, $25 to $100; females, $20 to $100; puppies,
$15 to $50.

82 TOY DOGS.

BLACK AND TAN TERRIER.

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BLACK AND TAN TERRIER.

The Toy Black and Tan Terrier, in former years, was
all the rage as a pet dog, but like all other fashions, it had
to give way to other breeds, however, of late it is becom-
ing more sought after. The toy variety resembles the
larger English Black and Tan in every respect except in
size. The smaller you can obtain them the higher they
are prized To get them small they are generally bred
in, and to such an extent, that they are liable to become
very delicate in constitution and hard to keep in good
health. It is so very difficult to breed these little dwarfs,
to retain their symetry that they are often crossed with
the Italian Grey Hound to retain it; they are also some-
times crossed with the small Spaniel to obtain the high
forehead, short nose and large eyes, but in the latter
cross they are apt to loose their delicacy of limb and
gmooth short hair. They are sharp, active and affection-
ate little dogs, but not such good ratters as the rough
haired breeds of terriers. Their principal points are:
Head, narrow and long with a sharp black nose, jaws
tightly set, teeth level, sharp and very white. Eyes,
small, bright and dark in color, somewhat protruding;

TOY DOGS. 35

ears, cropt and standing perfectly erect; legs, straight,
slim and well set under the body, feet and toeslong with
black nails; tail, long, thin and rat like, earried straight
out; body, shortand compact, The coat should be short
and very fine, head and body of shining black, with a
rich tan spot over each eye and on each cheek, the
muzzle, under jaw, throat and inside of the ears should
be a rich tan, also the front legs up to the knees, and
inside of the hind legs as well as under the tail, all of
which should be distinct and the richer in shade the
better. No white should appear in any part of their
color. The weights of the toy variety ranges from two
to nine pounds.

Price: Males, $15 to $50; females, $15 to $50; puppies,

$10 to $20.

BULL TERRIER.

This dog as its name implies isa direct cross between
the Bull Dog and the Terriers. This breed of dogs are
great ratters and very popular with the men fanciers.
The small sized or toy variety are taking the place of the
Pug as lady’s pets, to a great cxtent. Its hardiness of
constitution, together with its intelligence, affection and
docility, renders it desirable for a house dog, one that is
not so liable to take cold or get sick when taken out as a
companion as some dogs of the other more delicate breeds.
It is also a handsome dog, of great courage and makes an
excellent watch dog, being very sharp and alert. There
are two types of the Bull Terrier, an English one with a
long face showing more of the Terrier stock, and another
strain having the heavy short full face of the Bull Dog,

34 TOY DOGS.

the latter is most preferred in this country, and shoula.
be designated asthe American Bull Terrier, in order to
distinguish him from his English cousin. As this work
is mostly intended for the American Fancier, we will
only describe the points of the latter variety which are
as follows: Head, full, wide between the ears and short,
similar to the Bull Dog, but not so thick and heavy;
teeth and jaws regular and strong but not undershot like

THE BULL TERRIER.

a Bull Dog; nose, large and black; ears, should -be crop-
ped and stand erect like a terrier’s; eyes, black, small and
opaque; neck, light, rather long and arched; legs, mod-
erately long, straight and muscular; tail, thin tapering
and carried straight, with a full developed chest and
shoulder; body well ribbed, loinsstrong and hind quarters
well proportioned and developed, coat, short and harsh;
in color, pure white is the most prized, but white with
patches of black, red, fawn or brindle are also admired,
and frequently they are found in the above solid color.
Weight from four to twenty pounds.

Price: Males, $20.00 to $100.00; females, $20.00 to $75.00;
puppies, $10.00 to $50.00.

TOY DOGS 35

FOX TERRIER.

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SMOOTH COATED FOX TERRIER.

There are two varieties of the Fox Terrier, the smooth
coated and the rough coated or wire haired, the former
ismost popular and at present: is considered one of the
most fashionable breeds, particularly with young men.
They are cleanly in their habits, affectionate in disposi-
tion, biddable and not quarrelsome. They are very plucky
particularly in defence of their master or themselves,
As vermin destroyers they have few equals. In Engiand
they are used considerably for driving out hares and
foxes when they are holed. Their points are: Head, flat
and narrow, jaws well set, mouth and nose black; eyes,
small, keen and ofa dark color, set rather close together;
ears, V shaped, small, set well back but inclining forward
and being close to the cheek; chest, round and full; legs
and feet, straight, strong muscular; tail, straight and

36 TOY DOGS.

coarse and should be docked; coat, smooth or rough, as
the variety defines; color, white with black and tan
markings, particularly about the head; body, well pro
portioned; weight, from twelve to eighteen pounds.

Price: Males, $20 to $100; females, $15 to $75; puppies,
$10 to $50

a «i y
ROUGH COATED FOX TERRIER.

TOY DOGS. 37

TOY SPANIELS.

Toy Spaniels are the beau ideal of ladies’ pets and are
fast reasserting themselves in society, where they will no
doubt soon become as popular as they were during the
reign of King Charles, II. They were great favorites
with that Monarch and held high positions at his Court,
even upon state occasions, in fact they had become so
fashionable at that time, that one of the varieties became
known as the King Charles Spaniel. Although they are
often snappish towards strangers, they are gentle and
docile to their owners, and are very fond of being nursed
and petted, besides they make excellent house watch
dogs, as they are very alert and quick at sounding an
alarm by barking upon the slightest commotion. It is
really astonishing that these handsome little pets should
have been ignored for so long a time and occupy an in-
ferior position to the horrid ugly and quarrelsome Pug.

Toy Spaniels are not merely a plaything, but can also
be utilized for hunting, as they have an excellent scent
for game and ean readily be broken to use with the gun.
They however are not apt to be great favorites with lazy
indolent persons, as the fact of their having long and
silken hair requires time and attention to keep them in
order, by washing, brushing and combing, but the beau-
ty of the dog when in good coat, amply repays the
trouble and labor that may have been bestowed upon it.

The origin of the Toy Spaniel is very indefinite; by
some it is connected with the Maltese Dog, and others
believe it to be dwarfed from the larger varieties of Span-
iels. They may be classed as five different varieties,

38 TOY DOGS.
namely: the Japanese, King Charles, Prince Charles;

Blenheim and Ruby, which will be more fully described
under their separate headings.

KING CHARLES SPANIEL.

CZ

THE KING CHARLES SPANIEL.

This variety of the Toy Spaniels is the best known
from the fact that they are the most numerous and
therefore the most seen. ‘They are frequently called
Charlies in this country, where we have no kings. In
color they should be a glossy black, with deep rich tan
markings on the feet, inner part of legs and ears, under
bush of tail, around the mouth and two round spots, one
over each eye; white on any part of the body is objection-
able but admissable. They should have long silky hair,
wavy but without curl, long broad ears, which should be
close to the cheeks, with long silky hair almost touching
the ground; the legs should be feathered to the toes, the
length of which is a great feature; the tail should be
carried on a straight line with the body, well feathered
but not bushy; it is usually cropped, that is about one

TOY DOGS: 39

third of its natural length cut off. They should have an
extremely short muzzle, with nose well turned up, the
latter being black as also the palate. Large prominent
black or dark hazel eyes, which are inclined to be con-
tinually weeping; a full round ball shaped head, witha
well marked stop between the eyes, which latter should
be wide apart. Body, short and compact; legs, short,
straight and well feathered; feet, large, with long hair
between the toes. Their weight should never exceed
fifteen pounds, but the Jess they weigh when fully ma-
tured the more valuable they are for pets. The small
sized ones are generally avoided by breeders, as the fe-
males generally prove to be barren.

Price: Males, $50 to $200; females, £50 to $150; puppies,
$25 to $100.

PRINCE CHARLES SPANIEL.

The Prince Charles type of Spaniel is similar to the
above in all respects except color, which should be black,
white and tan; the body should be evenly marked, the
outside of ears and head, except a patch between the
eyes running to the muzzle, should be black; inside of
ears, along the jaws, under part of tail and the spot over
eyes, a bright tan; these three colors properly arranged
certainly, make a most beautiful appearance in this
variety of dog, as the colors contrast so nicely together.
Originally this variety was cailed the King Charles, but
since the appearance of the black and tans, for some rea-
son not accounted for, they seem to have had their name
changed to Prince, in order to distinguish them from the
others.

Price: Males, $50 to $150; females, $50 to $100; puppies,
$25 to $100.

40 TOY DOGS.

BLENHEIM SPANIEL.

BLENHEIM SPANIEL.

The Blenheim Spaniel, from its nume seems to be of
German origin, yet it is extensively bred in England,
and all the noted ones are apparently owned there. It is
exceedingly difficult to breed them, and therefore good
specimens are very scarce. It is a much smaller variety
than the Prince Charles, although its general appearance
in make-up, except the color, is similar. The color
should be a rich ruby red and pure white, the latter the
ground and the red should be in spots, evenly arranged
over the body, the forelegs and nose slightly ticked, the
ears and cheeks red witha glaze of white up the forehead,
in the center of which to the top, should be a spot of red,
about as large as a dime, thisis called ‘‘The Spot,’ and is
apparent in all choice, well-bred specimens. The coat
should be long, fine and silky, and as free from curl as
possible; the ears should be set low on the sides of the
head, long with fine straight hair; the head should be
large in comparison to the body, and round with a prom-
inence on top; the forehead should project well over the
eyes, almost touching the nose; the nose should be bluek
and as short as possible, almost in a line between the

TOY DOGS. 41

eyes, the nostrils large and open; the eyes should be large
and of a black or dark hazel color, set wide apart; they
like the other varieties of Toy Spaniels, seem to be con-
stantiy weeping In shape they should be set and cobby,
deep chest, strong legs, short back and neck, the latter
well arched; tail carried straight, about on alevel of the
back, well feathered as should also be the back of the
legs. They should not at most exceed twenty-one Ibs.
in weight—the less they weigh the more valuable they
become.

Price: Males, $50 to $200; females, $50 to $150; puppies,
$25 to $100.

RUBY SPANIEL.

RUBY SPANIEL.

This variety was formerly classed under the head of
Blenheims, but as their color is somewhat different they
have been lately designated by the name of Ruby, so as
to distinguish them from the former. They resemble the
Blenheims in all respects except the color, which should
be of a rich ruby red without a particle of white in any
part of their coat. They are very handsome in appear-

4% TOY DOGS.

ance and well worthy of a class by themselves. Fre-
quently they are cross-bred with the King Charles varie-
ty, in order to give a darker and richer tint to the tan
marsing of that breed.

Prices: Males, $50 to $150; females, $50 to $125; puppies,
$25 to $100.

JAPANESE SPANIEL.

This variety of Spaniel frequently called Japanese Pug,
on account of the extreme shortness of their noses, is a
hardy little dog. In coloritis always black and white,
otherwise it is not unlike the other varieties of the Toy
Spaniels in make-up, excepting that its body is not so
heavily coated or feathered, nor are its ears half as long.
The Japanese Pug is often ¢ ossed with the Charles vari-
eties, in order to reduce the size of nose, but this, in the
writers’ opinion is a great mistake, as although in some
respects it may improve the nasal organ, it has a tend-
ancy to decrease the size of the ear, which certainly de-
stroys one of the most beautiful features of the dog. If
breeders would let the nose alone and endeavor to im-
prove the length of coat and particularly the ears, they
would find such an improvement more generally appre-
ciated by an admiring public.

Price: Males, $50 to $150; females, $50 to 100; puppies,
$25 to $30.

TOY Noas. 43

—— ——_
a
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ee et

HE PUG.

The origin of this peculiar breed of diminutive dogs is
somewhat uncertain. Itissupposed by many to be an
off-shoot from the Bull Dog, which it certainly resembles
in many points. It is also asserted to have been origin-
ally propagated by the Dutch, as tradition implies that it
was first imported from the neighborhood of Holiand;
however, although the above may be true, the Pug has
certainly been improved by breeding since it came into
public favor as a household pet in England some fifty
years ago.

There are several strains of Pugs, the most prominent
of which are those styled Willoughby and those of the
Morrison strain, the former being introduced by Lady
Willoughby de Eresby, and the latter by a Mr. Morrison.
The chief difference between the two varieties is, that
the Willoughby is lighter fawn, heavily marked with
black tracings, which are often apt to run into a smutty
color, while the Morrison is of richer fawn, not so heav-
ily marked with black traces, although there is a suffi-
ciency of black in its proper places. The points of
well bred Pugs {should be as follows: Head, large and
massive, not too round; muzzle, short, thick and blunt,
the mask covering, which should be jet black, the face

44 TOY DOGS.

anc forehead well wrinkled with a dark spot on the
latter, known as the ‘thumb mark;’’ there should bea
mole on each cheek which should be as dark in color as
possible. The eyes should be large of a dark brown color
and prominent, the whites of which should be distinctly
seen; Ears, short, fine and velvety in texture, and laying
close to the head; neck, shoit, thick and full, rather
prominent on the back; body, short and thick set, well
ribbed up and with a wide chest. The color of the body
should be a clear fawn, from a bright yellow tint, down
to a bright stone color, with a black or darx colored trace
or stripe down the back, from the neck reaching to the
root of the tail; the legs should be of medium length, set
well under the body and straight, round feet with well
defined toes, the nails of which should be jet black; the
tail should turn well up over the back, slightly to one
side, and be tightly curled; the coat should be short and
fine; and the weight should not exceed eighteen pounds.
Like all other toy dogs the smaller they are, the more
they areadmired. The Pugisa very aristocratic dog in
his bearings, although not remarkably intelligent; he is
usually a coward and is easily frightened, although very
alert in givingan alarm. Somespecimens are inclined to
be snappish and do not care to make friends with stran-
gers. The devotion of Pugs to their owners is not so pro-
nounced as that of other pet toy dogs. One great fault
they have is, as they grow old they are apt to become very
fat, obese looking and lazy, besides which they are prone to
issue a gut eral grunt or snorting sound. Thisissupposed
to be caused in breathing, on account cf the shortness of
the nose, but it is much objected to, especially by the
Jadies and nervous persons.

Price: Males, $25 to $100; females, $25 to $100; puppies,
$15 to F450,

TOY DOGS. 45

ITALIAN GREY HOUND.

THE ITALIAN GREYHOUND,

The nativity of this handsome, dainty, delicate little
dogis no doubt some congenial climate, such as is found
in Italy, hence, its name, although where they really
originated is unknown. It has been in existance many
years, and was the favorite of Charles I., who greatly
admired this breed of dog. The Italian Greyhound is
considered one of the most delicate breeds of dogs, and
requires a great deal of care and attention from its
owner. The extreme delicacy of its constitution, togeth-
er with its fine thin skin makesit imperatively necessary
to keep the animal beyond the reach of damp draughts
and inclement weather. It should be well blanketed
when taken outof doors, except on fine warm days. They
are by no means numerous in this country, as there is
great difficalty in rearing them here. -Experienced
breeders freyuently rear them by fostering them on cats,
which make excellent mothers for all toy dogs.

Their shape and appearance is exactly similar to the
large English Greyhound excepting in size.

Their points should be as follows; Color, either of a

46 TOY DOGS.

golden fawn, cream fawn, blue fawn, dove colored fawn,
black, white, red, blue or flesh colored; muzzles in
conformity to their colors; the solid colors with black
muzzles being preferable; the head should be as flat as
possible on top, with tapering jaws running toa point at
the nose; eyes, rather full, soft in expression and dark in
color; ears, fine, thin and carried well back; neck, long,
slight and well arched; chest, narrow but deep; body,
round, but tapering upwards towards the loins and well
ribbed; legs, straight and delicate in appearance; feet,
round, with toes well defined and nails long; tail, thin
and fine, free from hair and bending upward with a
gentle sweep. In weight they should never exceed
twelve pounds, those from six to eight pounds being the
most desirable.

Price: Males, $25 to $100; females, $20 to $75; puppies,
$20 to $50. )

MEXICAN HAIRLESS DOG.

This breed is now scarcely ever to be seen; it was origin-
ally Chinese, but somehow became indigenous to Mexi
co, hence, itssurname. How it originated is a Chinese
Puzzle. In shape and size it very much resembles the
Black and Tan Terrier with a small rat-like tail, large
bat-shaped ears, standing outward from the head. Itis
of a uniform dark color, and should be perfectly hairless
all over, but sometimes a few stragling hairs make their
appearance. Its weight varies from five to fifteen pounds,

Price: Males, $25 to $100; females, $20 to $75; puppies,
$20 to $50,

TOY DOGS. 47

CHINESE CRESTED DOG.

This is really the most curious breed of dog yet met
with; it takes its name from having acrestof hair stand-
ing upright on top of its head, it also has a tuft of hair at
the end of its tail, otherwise it is perfectly hairless, ex-
cept a few stragling hairs that may be met with around
the snoutand head and on the leg just above the feet.
The skin of the body in most specimens being mottled.
They are of slight build and weigh from fifteen to twenty
pounds. The crested dog is very scarce, particularly in
this country. It is sometimes met with in the Chinese
Gardens at San Francisco, California.

Price: Males, $50 to $100; females, $40 to $75; puppies,
$25 to $50.

THE FRENCH POODLE OR BARBET.

This is one of the least appreciated breed of dogs for its
good qualities, that is met with in this country. It is
really the most intelligent dog in existence, it is easily
taught all kinds of tric!:s, swims well, will fetch and
earry both on land and water, has a good nose and will
find articles that he has been taught to search for. He
loves approbation and is a firm firiend to his master, be-
sides being a capital watch dog, he is very courageous
and will not flinch from a dog twice his size. There are
several varieties of the Poodle but the one known as the
French variety being the smallest is more in place for
description under the head of toy dogs, although no

‘48 TOY DOGS.

doubt they are all descended from one common ancestor,
which was evidently originally of German lineage; he
dates his existence previous to the Fifteenth Century,
and was a great favorite with the Teutonic royalty at the
time. The points ofa Poodle areas follows: Head, broad
well developed and carried high; muzzle should appear
comparatively long when shaven; the nose of the black
variety, should be jet black, it should also. have black
mouth, while with the white, the nose and mouth
should be pinkish. The eyes should be of medium size,
clear and bright with an intelligent expression and in
color a dark hazle; ears, long, laying flat to the head and
thickly covered with long wavy silkish hair; the neck
should be well proportioned and shoulders firm, but not
thick set; the chest should be broad and rather deep,
with well arched loins, muscular but not thick and un-
gainly; the tail which is generally docked when a puppy,
should be gayly carried a little above the line of the back,
it should have a long silken brush, with an inclination
to be bushy; legs, perfectly straight, muscular, but not
too long; feet, slightly webbed and toes distinct and well
formed; the coat of this variety should be thick, of a
wooley fine texture either curly or corded as the strain
may be; in color they are generally white, brown or
black, with preference for the latter, although they are
often met with in black and white, or brown and white.
The weight of the French Poodle ranges from five to
fifteen pounds, the smaller the more valuable. It is cus-
tomary to shave Poodles, particularly in the summer
season; it is done in rather a peculiar manner, all the
muzzle shaven except a good sized tuft of hair an each
side of the nose, which has the appearance of a mous-
tache asona‘man. The rest of the head, the neck, chest
and fore quarters and fore legs are left intact, while the

TOY DOGS. 49

balance of the body, commencing about three inches be-
hind the forelegs is also shaved, down to the back joints,
with a bracelet of hair left on the pastern. The feet are
also shaved and a tuft is left on the end of the tail. The
corded hair variety is not so often manipulated in this
style, as their beauty consists in their natural coat when
kept in good condition by brushing and combing.

Price: Males, $25 to $100; females, $20 to $75; puppies,
$15 to $50.

POMERANIAN OR SPITZ.

BLACK svIvlZ,

He is a very pretty dog in appearance, but of late has
lost popularity owing in the main part to his temper,

.

50 TOY DOGS.

which is snappich, and therefore unreliable, particularly
where there are children. He is not a good street com-
panion, but is very watchful as a house watch dog, as he
is very quick in his hearing and can be taught to be
cleanly. Although he will make a big show of attack on
the appearance of a strange dogor person he is naturally
a coward and will turn tailand run upon the slightest
resistance being shown. He is very lively and cheerful
at home and generally free from smell, of either coat or
breath. Good specimens are now seldom to be met with
in this country ,gowing to the excitement lately caused
by their supposed rabid characteristics, thereby causing
them to be made away with, which in the writers’ opin-
ion was all bosh. Ifsuch were the case they would have
disappeared years ago, and not been harbored and
petted as the Germans have done for the past generation.
This dog is certainly of a foreign importation, but as to
which country should be credited with his production,
is a question not readily solved. He is met with more
generally in parts of Germany and I’rance, and is con-
sidered by many to be of German extraction, although
he greatly resembles the Esquimaux in make-up.

The points of the Pomeranian are as follows: Head,
wide and flat, foxy in appearance tapering towards the
nose, Which is small and fine; ears, pricked or standing
upright and fine; eyes, dark hazel and almond shaped;
body, short and cobby, with a rather wide chest; legs,
stout of medium length, the front ones feathered; feet,
round and smal; tail, bushy and curled over the back;
coat, coarse and thick, Jong at the neck and body, but
short on the head. They weigh from fifteen to twenty-
five pounds. The color most admired is pure white or
solid black, besides which they are met with in yellow,

TOY DOGS dl

Maltese and party colored.
Price: Males, $25 to $50; females, $20 to $40; puppies,
$15 to $25.

WHIPPET OR RUNNING DOGS.

This variety of dog is not of a distinct breed and may
be termed asasport. Their qualities are purely for run-
ning races. They were introduced into this country from
England some five or six years ago, and have received
considerable encouragement particularly in the city of
Philadelphia. In England originaily Italian Grey-
hounds were used for racing purposes, but it was found
that they lacked the necessary staying powers; then the
experiment was tried by crossing them with the Bull
Terrier and the Black and Tan Terrier which has proved
a success. In build their bodies should be long and
thin, their legs straight and delicate in appearance. In
running, their forepaws are kept close together and their
hind legs spread well apart, this is done to facilitate the
movement of throwing their hind paws in front of their
forepaws, in making their leaps, all four of their paws
areonthe ground at the same time. They generally
have small heads and ears, with long noses showing the
Greyhound stock. Their weight ranges from ten to fifty
pounds. Their training should begin when very young,
almost as soon as they are weaned from the mother they
should be taught to chase a towel or a rag in the hands
of the trainer, so that they become accustomed to do so
when entered in a race; they should also be exercised in
a daily walk, and before a race comes off, in which they

52 TOY DOGS.

are entered, they should be run over the course at least
once a day, for a few days before the race takes place.
When in training they should receive but two meals a
day, early morning and evening, which food should con-
sist of good fresh cooked beef or mutton, chopped fine,
mixed with bread crumbs and moistened with weak tea.
Their time between sunrise and sunset, should be devo-
ted to rest and sleep. When on their walks or between
the heats of a race they should be well blanketed similar
to a race horse.

Price: Males, $15 to $50; females, $10 to $50; puppies,
$10 to $20.

TOY DOGS. 53

DISEASES OF DOGS.

How to Administer Medicine to Dogs.

Some medicines are more easily administered to dogs
than others, for instance those liquids that are given in
drops, such us Homoeopathic Veterinary Liquids, Speci-
fics, ete. These canoften be placed in the drinking water
or in broth, which a dog will generally drink without oh-
serving that it contains medicine. While medicines that
consists of boluses or draughts, require that the dog
should be either held by one person while another ad-
ministers it, or else the dog should be firmly held be-
tween the knees of a person and with the finger and
thumb of one hand, protecting the fingers from being
bitten by folding the upper lip over the teeth, and keep-
ing it so during the operation, then force open his jaws
at the same time elevating his head, while with the
other hand the medicine can beadministered. If it con-
sists of a bolus, it should be forced well down the dog’s
throat below the root of the tongue, close to the mouth,
andthe head kept up untilitisswallowed. Ifadraught,
hold up the head, pour it in the mouth, which then
close as also the nostrils, when it will soon be swallowed.
After administering the medicine give the dog a piece
of meat to eat, which will keep the medicine down.

Never treat your dog harshly while administering
medicines. Kindness will bring about better results than
force.

Sometimes medicines are administered by injections,
in which ease it is well to oil both the anus, and the

54 TOY DOGS.

nozzle of the syringe. It is a tender operation and
should be gently performed. It is best to lay the dog
on its side and have some one to hold him while you
operate.

Grass is the natural medicine for dogs. In small doses
it acts as a purgative, in large doses as an emetic. The
quantity eaten by the animal is generally regulated by
the wants of nature. Grass also has valuable antiscorbu-
tic properties and the dog in health or sickness should
always have access to it.

NURSING AND DIET.

Tf your dog is sick and suffering from any severe illness,
fix a bed for it in a quiet place or room that is not fre-
quented, as quietness is very essential to recovery.
Place a box of loam or ashes in the hospital for natural
uses, and leave plenty of clean water todrink. The diet
should be good and nourishing, such as fresh warmed
milk, oatmeal porridge with a little sugar sprinkled in it.
Well cooked liver cut up into small slices, or a little beef
tea, which latter will be generally relished and will also
strengthen, Avoid feeding raw meat of any kind,

TOY DOGS. 58

HOMCEOPATHIC TREATMENT.

Homeopathic Liquid Veterinary Specifics are easily
administered by dropping the required dose in the
milk or drinking water, or upon the tongue of the
patient by a patent dropper. If these specifics are given
by mistake, orin erroras to the disease, they will occa-
sion no more harm than a possible loss of time. The
doses ia all complaints should be from five to ten drops,
in accordance with the age of the dog. They should be
given every two or three hours in severe cases, or two
or three times a day in chronie cases, taking care to mix
the medicine well with the food or drink.

ALLOPATHIC FREATIIENT.

This method of treatment is more generaily known, as
it has been the only one until recently that has been
applied to alleviate the sufferingsof animals. When the
medicines are put in the food, milk or drinking water it
vequires none or very little handling of the patient, but
when administered direct by hand, then comes the tug
of war. The proper doses to be given will be found un-
der the headings of the remedies for different diseases.
They must be regulated in accordance with the state of
the disease and the age of the patient. All medicines to
retain their strength and qualities should be kept in a
cool, dry place, free from strong odors. If in bottles they
should be corked immediately after use, taking care to
use the same corks.

56 TOY DOGS.

CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES.

As all parts of a dog’s system are not liable to be affec-
ted at the same time, it will be more convenient to
classify the different diseases under the headings of the
organs that may be more directly affected; in accordance
therewith, they will be treated upon in the following
‘divisions:

DIVISION 1.

a

Diseases of the Head, Brain and
Nervous System:

FEVERS.

Cause: Exposure to wet, cold or draught. Symptoms:
Apparent chilliness, increased heat of surface of the body,
quick pulse, appetite poor, eyes dull, bowels costive,
urine scanty and high colored, and often a slight cough
with running of the nose and eyes; besides the other
internal organs being more or less affected.

Homeopathic Remedy: Have the dog well housed
and give A A of the Specifics.

Allopathic Remedy: Treatment, complete rest; a
gentle dose of purgative medicine, such as one to two
grains of calomel), and three to five grains of jalap mixed
into a pill, if that docs not suffice, give about ten drops
of Sweet spirit of nitre morning and evening; adminis-~
ter the latter directly or in the milk or water,

—_ TOY DOGS. 57

MILK FEVER.

Cause: Colds, or the taking away of puppies when
young, which prevents the absorption of the milk.

Symptoms: Increased heat of the body, swelled and
painful teats, and secretion of milk.

Homeeopathic Remedy: Keep the dog in a warm
place and give A A of the Specifies, at the same time
‘anoint the teats with witch hazel oil.

Allopathic Remedy: Same as for general fevers, with
the addition of bathing the teats with warm water or
‘anointing them with cosmoline; three or four drops of
‘spirit of camphor a couple of times a day in a little milk
will often relieve.

CHOREA.

Chorea or the St. Vitus dance cannot be mistaken in a
dog thus affected. The symptoms are a eontinual jerk-
ing movement of the limbs, head or body, intensified
when asleep. Chorea is generally a consequence of dis-
temper; it rarely destroys life, though it is'sometimes
- accompanied by fits, and the sufferer ultimately dies of
exhaustion. It cannot be entirely cured, although the
‘animal’s general health does not seem to be affected,
still it renders it unfit for work of any kind.

Homeeopathic Treatment: To relieve the dog, give
J J of the Specifics, and keep it from exposure to wet
damp or cold weather.

Allopathic Treatment: Keep the dog ina comfortable
‘place, feed on good nourishing animal food, give plenty
‘of exercise; fresh country air is very beneficial; keep the
‘bowels well regulated, and give as a tonic, extract of
‘gentian three grains in the form of a bolus, to be given
three times a day.

58 TOY DOGS.

The latest and best remedy for Chorea is the Associa-
ted Fanciers’ Chorea Treatment. Sold by druggists, at
50 cents per bottle. Directions on the hottle.

PALSY.

_ This complaint resembles chorea, it is an incessant
shaking of the whole body except during sleep. The
same remedies may be anplied as for chorea, but it is in-
curable, although it does not always end in death.

FITS.

Dogs are subject to various kinds of fits, such as con-
vulsive, apoplectic and epileptic. In either of which the
first thing to do, is to give if possible, instant relief;
this oftentimes can be accomplished by holding a
bottle of ammoniated salts to their nostrils, or a pinch of
snuff. Sometimes it is necessary to bleed them by
making a small incision back of the lower part of the ear;
after which a regular treatment may be applied iu acecord-
ance with the nature of the fit. If your dog is too fat,
reduce its flesh by a bread, water and milk diet; only
giving alittle meat about three times a week. If the
dog is thin and weak, give beef tea, raw meat or a des- ©
sert spoonful of cod liver oil every morning.

CONVULSIVE FITS.

Cause: Teething or worms; if the latter treat as for
worms, and the fits will cease. Fits of this kind are
more frequent in growing dogs and come on suddenly.
-Symptoms: First the dog will emit a ery of pain, it
will then turn over on its side, with convulsive motions
of all its limbs, accompanied with cries and groans. If it
does not soon recover or is not relieved it will end in
delirium.

Homeeopathic Remedy: Keep the dog in a comforta-

TOY DOGS. 59

ble quiet place and give A A of the Specifics, three times

a day orofiener if necessary.

Allopathic Remedy: After using the smelling salts
heretofore recommended, or bleeding, give a one grain
pil of bromide of potassium two or three times a day,
preceded by a dose of purgative, such as prescribed for
fevers.

APOPLECTIC FITS.

Cause: Want of proper exercise, close confinement or
too high feeding.

Symptoms: In apoplectie fits, the dog will fall over
insensible, or nearly so; he does not foam at the mouth,
but moves and breathes heavily.

Ilomeceopathic Nemedy: Give A A as for convulsive fit.

Allopathic Remedy: Bleed from the ear or neck vein;
after which give a purgative, such as a teaspoonful of
eastor oil, in occordance with the age of the dog.

Apoplectie fits generally end fatally in spite of the
treatment, ,

DELIRIOUS FITS.

Cause: Indigestion, convulsions, distemper and some-
times worms.

Symptoms: Apparently going wild, dashing about
the house or yard, jumping out of windows, trying to
climb the walls, and finally hiding in some dark seclud-
ed place.

Homeeopathic Remedy: First catch your dog, put it
ina quiet darkened room, at the same time try to soothe
it, give A A of the Specifics.

Allopathic Remedy: Care for it as above, and if you
think it is able to lose a little blood, bleed it in the ear

by puncturing any of the small veins inside. If it is

60 TOY DOGS.

thin and poor, do not bleed, as it may need all the blood
it has, but apply the smelling salts to the nostrils, and:
when it comes to, an emetic, such asa little weak salt
and water, will often causerelief. Give a dessert spoonful.
of castor oil as a purgative.

EPILEPTIC FITS.

Cause: Over exeitement, nervous debility or fright.

Symptoms: Epileptie Fits may be distinguished by
the blueness of the lips and gums. Constant champing:
of the jaws and frothing at the mouth. The fit comes:
on without any notice, the dog wilk suddenly stagger,,
fall over, and after struggling for a few minutes will get:
up and look wildly around and then beeome apparently
well.

Homeopathic Remedy: Confine to a quiet place and
give A A of the Spec: fies.

Allopathic Remedy: First give a dessert spoonful of
castor oil, and then a one grain pill of bromide of potas-
sium morning, noon and night.

HYDROPHOBIA, RABIES OR MADNESS.

This disease is classed as one of the inflammatory ones,
fever being always present. There is no known remedy
for its cure; nothing remains but to kill the dog that is
afflicted.

The symptoms are first marked by achange of temper,
the cheerful dog becoming morose, while the shy dog
becomes bold. This generally takes place a few days
before the attack, which is indicated by the dog seeing
imaginary objects, snapping at the wall, or tearing to
pieces with savage fur; anything that comes within its
reach. with sometimes a hollow howl. The discharge of
saliva that comes from the mouth of a mad dog is gener-

TOY DOGS. 61

ally not as free as that which comes from a dog in a fit;
it is more of a glutinous nature, characteristic of inflam-
mation, the frothy spume comes from the corner of the
mouth, it seldom lasts over twelve hours, : gradually
decreasing, becoming thick and adhesive, when the dog
furiously attempts to brush it away with its paws whic
is almost a sure sympton of the disease, it is then full;
time to avoid him; and if after he loses his balance and
topples over, there can no longer bea doubt... when tlre
saliva becomes more glutinous and irritating suffoea-
tion is threatened, the dog will then plunge his muzzle
into water up to his eyes, to cool his parehed mouth
and throat. Hence, the disease being charaéteristic by
the dread of water is a fallacy, as it is marked by an
unquenchable thirst. If the rabid dog is not molested
he will seldom attack anything living, but the slightest
interferance with him will cause him to bite savagely,
regardless of consequences. His path is generally ina
straight line, and his gait a dog trot. The supposed bark
of a dog by a human being is caused by the attempt to
eject the secretion of salivafrom his mouth. The aver-
age time rabies may appear after a bite from a mad dog,
is from three weeks to six months, after that time, should
no symptoms appear, the person or animal bitten may be
considered tolerably safe. The duration of the disease is.
from one to five days before death takes place.

CANKERS, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE
MOUTH, EARS OR EYES.

Cause: Exposure to the weather, bad or high feeding
and distemper.

Symptoms: Inflammation and spongy state of the
gums, inflammation of the skin or lining of the ear,
causing irritation, ending in uleeration. When the

62 TOY DOGS.

eye is affected the indications are an unnatural redness —
of the white of the eye, together with a film over the
transparent part. There is generally a discharge of a
mattery substance from the eye.

Homeeopathic Remedy: Give A A followed by CC
of the Specifics and anoint with Witch Hazel Oil, wash
with the Associated Fanciers’ Canker Wash.

Allopathic Remedy: First regulate the system by
giving a purgative, such asa jalap pill of two or threé
grains; and for diet confine to bread and milk. For the
mouth, a wash composed of one part of Labarraque’s
solution, one part of tincture of myrrh and six parts of
water, will be found efficacious. For the ear, a wash
of two grains of nitrate of silver, in one ounce of distilled
water may be ased, or they may be anointed with one
drachm of green iodide of mercury, mixed with eight
drachms of lard, every second or third day. For the
eye, the Associated Fanciers’ Eye Wash may be used.
Bathing the eye with warm green tea is also good.

The Associated Fanciers’ Canker Wash, will be found
excellent for this disease; it is sold by the druggists or will
be sent by mail for 50 cents per bottle.

OPHTHALMIA—INFLAMMATION OF THE EYE.

This disease is very common in dogs, especially during
the latter stages of Distemper. The indications are an
unnatural bluish redness of the white of the eye together
with a film over the transparent part; there is great in-
tolerance of the light with a constant watering. In or-
dinary Ophthalmia the whites of the eyes are a brighter
red, the lids more swollen and the discharge thicker.

Homeeopathic Remedy: Keeping dog in a darkened
dry place, with a low diet, and give I I, alternated with

TOY DOGS. 63

A A of Homeopathic Veterinary Specifies four times a
day.

Allopathic Remedy: Keep the bowels open with a
purgative, and wash the eyes with a lotion composed of
twenty grains of sulphate of zine to half a pint of water,
twice a day, or use the Associated Fanciers’ Eye Wash,
which will be found very effective. Directions on each
bottle. Price 50 cents per bottle.

DIVISION II.

Diseases of the Digestive Organs.

DIARRHGA.

Cause: Exposure to cold and wet, want of regular
feeding, unwholesome food such as rancid meat, too
much fat, sour milk, ete. If taken in time Diarrhoea may
be easily checked; if allowed to run, it will terminate in
- dysentery and death.

Symptoms: Constant purging of a slimy offensive
matter, causing the dog to lose flesh rapidly.

-Homeeopathic Remedy: Give no meat food; give F F
of the Specifics.

Allopathic Remedy: Put the dog in a dry warm room
with a box of earth and a nice comfortable bed. First
give a teaspoonful of castor oil with a couple of drops of
laudanum in it, after which give ten drops of spirit of
camphor in a saucer of milk; ora pill twice a day com-

64 TOY DOGS.

posed as follows: five grains of powdered chalk, five
grains of rhubarb, three grains of cayenne pepper, and
one half grain of opium. Feed on nothing but bread and
milk, or a little cooked meat.

DYSENTERY.

Cause: Badly treated Diarrhoea; it is an ulceration of
the howels. -

Svmptoms: Great emaciation, rough coat, dejected
look, and loss of appetite.

Homeceopathic Remedy: Give F F and if the dog loses
all relish for food, alternate with JJ. For food give a rich
broth, beef tea or a raw egg.

Allopathic Remedy: Give a two-grain calomel pill
about every other day, and a half-grain quinine pill three
- times a day. A teaspoonful of Port Wine, or a little
brandy and water will help to strengthen the dog.

GASTRITIS OR INFLAMMATION OF THE
STOMACH.

Cause : Highly improper food, or poison taken by mis-
take or given intentionally.

Symptoms: The dog gets thin, has a constant painful
strain to vomit, intense thirst, hot dry nose, quick breath-
ing and refuses all food. The bowels are often out of
order.

Hiomceopathic Remedy: Give A A and J J of the Spe-
cifies, alternatively; for diet give warm milk and bread,
or a little raw meat cut up into small pieces.

Allopathic Remedy: First give a tablespoonful of castor
oil, and after the dog vomits, give a dessert spoonful of
olive oil, after which a pill of one grain calomel, half
grain opium, and two grains of sub nitrate of bismuth,
three times a day.

TOY DOGS. 65

COSTIVENESS AND CONSTIPATION.

Cause: Chronic inflammation of the bowels, want of
regular exercise, too close confinement, indigestible food.

Symptonis: Unsuccessful attempts to relieve them-
selves, although they make frequent efforts to do so.
When they succeed it is in small quantities.

Homeopathic Remedy: GiveJ J of the Specifics, with
bread and milk for a diet.

Allopathic Remedy: Givea teaspoonful of castor oil,
or about ten grains of Epsom salt dissolved in a saucer of
milk.

The Assoc.ated Fanciers’ Canine Laxative is an ex-
cellent preparation for this complaint. Directions on
the bottle. Price 50 cents per bottle.

INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS OR
BLADDER.

This is generally the result of a cold. The symptoms
are a great scantiness of urine and evidence of pain in
the loins.

Homeopathic Remedy: Keep the dog in a dry unex-
posed place and give H H alternate with A A of the
Specifics.

Allopathic Remedy: Give 10 grains of nitre with half
ounce of Epsom salt in water, twice a week. If the pain
is severe, give one or two capsules of balsam of copaiba,
which can be had at most any drug store.

TUMORS, ULCERS OR SORES.

Cause; Want of cleanliness, neglected wounds, exter-
nal injuries. Sometimes they may be constitutional.

Symptoms: Not necessary to describe as they are gen-
erally Known when seen.

65 TOY DOGS.

Homeopathic Remedy: Give J J of the Specifics and
anoint the parts with witch hazel oil.

Allopathic Remedy: Diet the dog; do not give it any
rich or fatty food; give a dessert spoonful of castor oil, if
not better in three or four days, repeat the dose, at the
same time anoint the parts with the following ointment:
one drachm of iodide of potassium and one ounce of lard.
Tumors that are apparently inward or resemble swellings,
should be operated on with a lancet.

WORMS.

Cause: A secretion of mucus matter caused by disturbed
indigestion.

Symptoms: Unhealthy appearance of the coat, hair
ruffled up, ravenous appetite, although looking poor in
condition. The feeces are passed frequently and in smail
quantity, mixed with mucus; nose hot and dry; breath
offensive and spirits dull.

Homeopathic Remedy: Give D D of the Specifies.

Allopathic Remedy: Ten drops of tincture of aloes, or
five drops of spirit of turpentine, given direct in a spoon-
ful of water or in a saucer of warm milk.

The most successful remedy for worms is the Associa-
ted Fanciers’ Worm Capsule. It is a positive remedy for
these troublesome pests. It is a capsule, easily adminis-
tered, and will clean out round worms. Directions on
the box. Price 50 cents per box. Sold by druggists or
will be sent by mail on receipt of price.

A special Tape Worm Specific can also be ‘obtained
from the Associated Fanciers at the same price.

INDIGESTION.

Cause: Overfeeding, unwholesome or highly seasoned
food, want of exercise, or debilitated system.

Symptoms: Apparent laziness, want of appetite, with

TOY DOGS. 67

scanty and unhealthy feces.

Homeopathic Remedy: Give boiled milk and JJ of
the Specifics.

Allopathic Remedy: Give daily a pill of three grains
of rhubarb and one fourth grain of calomel.

Also use the Associated Fanciers’ Canine Tonic.

DIVISION II.

Diseases of the Air Passages.

BRONCHITIS.

Cause: Dogs that are liable to catch cold are often sub-
ject to this complaint, which is mainly caused by being
exposed in wet or damp places, or to bad weather, result-
ing in inflammation of the windpipe.

Symptoms: Sneezing, coughing, staring coat and watery
eyes; if not checked it will likely result in consumption.

Homeopathic Remedy: Keep on alow diet and give
A A alternately with E E of the Specifics.

Allopathic Remedy: Keep the dog well housed in
doors, lower the diet, give only warm milk and bread, or
a little cooked meat; if there is no tendency towards
diarrhea, give a dessert spoonful of castor oil; if there are
signs of diarrhea, adda couple of drops of laudanum to
the oil, or give a pill of two grains of iodide of potassium.
Wash the eyes with a little warm milk or weak tea.

The Associated Fanciers’ Cough Mixture is very effica-
zious for bronchitis. Directions on the bottle. Price 50
cents per bottle.

68 TOY DOGS.

ASTHMA

What is often called Asthma in a dog is nothing more
than chronie Bronchitis, which is very common among
petted toy dogs, that do not have much exercise. The
symptoms and treatmentare the same as those described
in Bronchitis. Thereis however another form of asthma
accompanied with spasms; this comprises a sudden diffi-
culty in breathing, so severe at times that the dog seem-
ingly gasps for breath. Under such circumstances the
dog should be well housed in a warm dry place, free
from draught.

Homeopathic Remedy: Give A A every hour and
E E morning and night until relieved.

Allopathic Treatment: Consists of first giving an
emetic, composed of from one half to one grain of tartar
emetic dissolved in a tablespoonful of warm water, every
three hours, until the dog is relieved; after which give
a cough bolus composed of ipecacuanha powder, one half
to one grain; powdered rhubarb, one to two grains;
powdered opium, one quarter grain; compound syrup of
squill, one to two drops. Ifthe spasms are severe give
ten drops of laudanum and ten drops of ether in water
every three hours until relieved.

The Associated Fanciers’ Asthma Cure is considered
one of the best preparations for this complaint. Direc-
tionson each bottle. Sold by the druggists. Price 50
cents per bottle.

CORYZA OR CATARRH OF THE NOSE.

Cause: Remaining out in wet or damp weather, or be-
ing exposed to a sudden change in the atmosphere.

Symptoms: Sneezing, watering of the eyes, with a
slimy discharge from the nose.

TOY DOGS. 69:

Homeeopathic Remedy: Remove the dog to a warm,
dry place, wash the eyes and nose with castile soap and
warm water, and give C C of the Specifics.

Allopathic Remedy: Put a little seasoning in the food’
such as cayenne pepper. Give three or four drops: of
tincture of aconite in the saucer of milk, or use a solution:
of chloride of zinc, two grains to an ounce of water, and
inject it into the nostrils with a syringe.

DIPHTHERIA OR ULCERATED SORE THROAT.

Cause: Sleeping in a draught, or being confined in a
damp, wet place.

Symptoms: Mouth ~_ throat filling up with a mucus
resembling a thick saliva; little white ulcers are four
on the mouth, throat and tanec It is contagious, and:
unless taken in time it will prove fatal.

Homeeopathiec Remedy: Diet on bread and milk; give
A A of the Specifies, and powder the mouth with borax
and chlorate of potassium or pulverized burnt alum.

Allopathic Remedy: Remove to a warm dry place,
swab out the mouth and throat with Labarraque’s Solu |
tion, diluted with one half water and apply nitrate of
silver or powdered borax to the ulcerated parts, twice a
day. A little powdered sulphur mixed in milk is also
serviceable.

CONSUMPTION.

Cause: It often arises from breeding in and in, or it
may be hereditary, but it is generally caused by a neg-
lected cold, or being confined in unhealthy places, which
cause scrofulous tubercles to form on the lungs, liver and
other organs.

The symptoms are hardly observable in the early
stage of the disease; in the more udvanced state there is

wil) ‘TOY DOGS.

‘a cough with ‘a ‘wasting away of flesh, together with
indications of weakness and lassitude.

Homeeopathie Remedy: Give stimulating food; let the
milk be thickened with oat meal or Imperial Granum,
cand give E E of the Specifies.

Allopathie remedy: Attend to proper housing, and
regulate the diet. A little raw meat cut up into small
pieces, or a small quantity of wine or brandy in milk will
be very strengthening. The main medicine, however,
should be cod liver oil, a dessert spoonful or more every
‘day. In advanced stages the disease is incurable.

DISTEMPER.

Cause: This is a much more common and dangerous
‘disease than it is supposed to be, and generally oceurs in
half grown dogs, whose system is not thoroughly regula-
ted. Itis somewhat similar to typhus fever, which poi-
‘sons the blood, by which the various secretions are either
totally checked, or so affected, as to prevent them from
acting in a healthy manner, in order to purify the
system. It is contagious and requires care in the treat-
ment.

Symptoms: Ead cough with fever and a mattery dis-
charge from the nose and eyes; staring coat; difficult
breathing; sudden wasting away; refusing food, or at
times eating voraciously, without any apparent strength-
ening results; impaired secretions, which are black and
offensive; wandering around with tongue protruding; a
fit often occurs when the brain is affected; or at other
times the dog becomes delirious. This is the most critical
stage of alland if the dog recovers, it is often a victim of
Chorea or Palsy for the balance of its life.

Homeopathic Remedy: Let the diet be low, such as
bread and milk. Give C C of the Specifics, and if there

TOY DOGS.. 7k

is much fever aiternate with A A.. If the disease appears:
checked but the appetite is poor, give J J.

Allopathic Remedy: Keep the dog in doors. Diet as.
above directed. Give a dessert spoonful of the following
mixture: castor oil, three ounces; syrup of buckthorn, two:
ounces; syrup of poppies, one ounce. If diarrhea is.
present, put a couple of drops of laudanum in each dose.
Wash the eyes and nose morning and evening with sul
phate of zinc, diluted with the same quantity of water.
It may also be injected into the: nostrils. with a syringe.
When the stage of prostration comes.on, good strong beef
tea should be given with a spoon, every three or four
hours, or alternate with milk andi wine. If the dog.
becomes better, but still appears. weak, give a teaspoon-
ful of cod liver oil twice a day, which will act like magic.
Should at any time Mange present itself anoint the affec~
ted parts as directed for that disease.

A most valuable remedy for this. disease: will be found:
in the Associated Fanciers’ Distemper Treatment. Each
box contains an exhaustive treatise on all the complica-
tions of the disease, and instructions for diet to be used:
Price 50 cents pe box, same price by mail.

GENERAL DEBILITY.

Cause: Over showing at exhibitions, close confinement
without fresh air.

Symptoms: Moping about without apparent cause; out.
of condition; want of appetite or general prostration.

-Homeeopathic Remedy: Feed.on good wholesome food,,

a little at a time; raw egg may be given daily. Give J J
of the Specifies. -

Allopathic Remedy: Give ten-drops of tincture of chlor-
ide of iron, in a saucer of milk; feed on beef tea, raw
meat, or rich broth. <A teaspoenful: ef cod liver oil every

12 TOY DOGS.

Morning will prove beneficial. ,

The Associated Fanciers’ Canine Tonic is ‘the most
‘successful remedy for general debility; it is also good for
all humors of theblood. Directions on each bottle. For
sale by the druggists. Price 50 cents per bottle.

JAUNDICE.

Cause: This disease is a derangement of the liver, and
lis More prevalent in overfed dogs that do not get proper
exercise. Itis often fatal.

Symptoms: It commences with fever, loss of appetite
‘and shivering; next comes on sickuess of the stomach,
vomiting of a greenish or yellow fluid mixed with froth.
Diarrhoea or Dysentery may follow, and these are liable
‘to cause death.

Homeopathic Remedy: Give J J of the Specifies; if
not relieved, alternate with A A.

Allopathic Remedy: First give a teaspoonful of Glaub-
er’s salt diluted with water. If this should aggravate the
vomiting, it will cause more good than harm, as it will
clear out the stomach and may check the fever. If the
vomiting continues for too long a time, give a pill com-
posed of one drop of creosote, and five grains of aroma-
tic powder, three timesa day. If the dog appears to be
‘constipated, give a one grain calomel pill, for four or five
nights in suecession. Should this cause too much laxity,
omit it for a couple of nights. To complete the cure, give
the Associated Fanciers’ Canine Tonic. If much ema-
ciated give a teaspoonful of cod liver oil, twice a day.
A little raw meat cut up into small pieces, may be fed
daily, otherwise the diet should consist of soft food.

DROPSY. :

Dropsy consists of serum infilterated into the cellular

TOY DOGS. 73

membrane beneath the skin of the whole body, as shown
by the swelling. The cause is general debility, by which
the serum is not absorbed, or it may come from inaction
of the kidneys, by which the blood is overcharged with
it. Gross food, or foul, dirty kennels will also produce it.
It mostly occurs in. old worn out dogs, with inactive
livers. The treatment must vary with the cause.

Homeopathic Remedy: Give J J of the Specifics, alter-
nated with A A.

Allopathic Remedy: Give tonic composed of twoounces
of compound tincture of bark, mixed with fourteen oun-
ces of decoction of yellow bark, and give of this one to
three tablespoonfuls, two or three times a day, according
to the size of the dog.

The Associated Fanciers’ Canine Tonic will, however,
be found to be the most effectual treatment of all.

DIVISION IV.

Diseases of the Skin.

MANGE.

Cause: This disease is principally caused by bad or
Careless treatment; by either under-feeding or over-
feeding on unwholesome food; or close confinement, all
of which tend to bring about poverty of the blood. It is
also known to be hereditary.
e¢Symptoms: Thickening or scabby appearance of the
skin, which breaks out into an eruption, with an offensive
discharge flowing from the cracks or ulceration; this

74 TOY DOGS.

dries in time and falls off in scales, taking with it the
hair, which is also further removed by the constant
scratching or biting of the poor animal, that is tormen-
ted with a constant itching of the parts affected.

Homeeopathic Remedy: Give J J of the Specifies and
bathe the parts with the Marvel of Healing; at the same
time keep the dog on a milk diet.

Allopathic Remedy: Give one drop of Fowler’s Solution
in milk, twice a day, fora week, after which omit it for
a week, then three times a day for another week, after
which omit it for a couple of days, then begin again, and
continue in like manner until the disease disappears. The
parts affected should also be anointed with a little of the
Mexican Salve, made by the Mexican Medicine Co., 400
North Third Street, Philadelphia. Rub it well into the
skin every other day; or bathe with phenyle solution.
In place of the arsenic, a pill of one grain of iodide of
potassium may be given twice a day. The diet should
be bread and milk, but no meat.

The Associated Fanciers’ Mange Wash is a quick and
effective cure for the most virulent forms of Mange.
Directions for use on the bottle. For sale by druggists.
Price 25 cents per bottle.

ERUPTIONS.

Eruptions of any kind are caused by impurity of the
blood, and should be treated in a Jike manner as Mange.

VERMIN.

Cause: Dogs are liable to have fleas and lice, when they
are kept in unclean places. These insects are also taken
from other animals, with whom the dogs may have
associated.

Symptoms: These pests are indicated by the annoyance

TOY DOGS. 75

they cause, and they are easily distinguishable to the eye.

Remedy: Rub lac sulphur or carbolic powder wellinto
the skin; or use phenyle solution.

The most effective remedy for fleas and lice is the
Associated Fanciers’ Flea‘Wash. It is guaranteed to kill
all kinds of vermin on dogs or eats. See directions on
the bottle. Sold by the druggists. 25 cents per bottle.

HAIR AND COAT.

For promoting the growth of hair on dogs, and giving
them a beautiful glossy coat, use the Associated Fanciers’
Hair Stimulant, which should be applied once or twice
a day with gentle friction. Sold by druggists, Price 50
cents a bottle.

DIVISION V.

Fractures and Bruises.

BROKEN BONES.

If a dog happens to get a limb broken, it should be set
and splinted the same as that of ahuman being. If badly
lacerated, with little liklihood of its properly healing, do
not hesitate to amiputate it, if you value your dog and
wanttosave itslife. The ragged edge of the bone may be
readily sawed off with a small fine saw, leaving enough
flesh and skin to form a flap to cover over the end of the
bone. Stop the bleeding by cauterizing it, then sew up
the wound and dress with sticking plaster. This opera-
tion is better performed by first giving the patient chlor-

76 TOY DOGS.

oform to keep it quiet; this should be done by laying the
dog on its side, then saturate a rag or sponge with a little
chloroform and hold it near its nose, not touching it, or
you may smother it. Should the chloroform evaporate
before taking effect, renew it immediately, and try it
over again. It generally takes from five to ten minutes
to accomplish a state or torpor. During convalescence
the dog should be kept as:quiet as possible, and fed spar-
ingly on nourishing food.

BRUISES AND CONTUSIONS.

Cuts, tares or bites, unless they are very severe, or are
a long time in healing, are better left to the dog, as it
will lick them, which is about the best healing remedy.
But if it is a large tare, a few stitches may be necessary;
these should be made with a curved needle, with strong
thread or silk; after which the wound may be dressed
with witch hazel oil, or Marvel of Healing, either of
which will be found to be excellent when applicd to
bruises of any kind. They alleviate the pain and pre-
vent stiffness. The Mexican Salve however is more
efficacious than either or both of them.

RICKETS.

Rickets or large joints, are caused by a defective bone
substance. It mostly occurs in puppies when the lime
or gelatinous matter is deficient. "When puppies arecon-
fined to their kennels they are likely to get bandy legs,
this being the first sign of Rickets. The best remedy is
pure country air with plenty of exercise; and good whole-
some food. Where there is apparent poverty. of blood, a
one or two grain of quinine and iron pill, once or twice a
day, will prove beneficial. Oftentimes enlarged joints
are mercly asign of vigor, which will disappear as the
puppy grows older.

List of the Associated Fanciers’
Preparations.

NEW PROCESS DOG 'BISCUIT. A concentrated
Condition food for dogs and growing puppies. Price 10
cents per pound. Sample cake sent by mail to any P.O.
in the U.S. or Canada, on receipt of 6 cents.

FLEA SOAP. Equal to an oat meal toilet soap in
quality and appearance. Destroys vermin and keeps it
off; neutralizes doggy odor, stimulates the growth of
hair, and cures mild skin diseases. Price 25 cents per
enka Same price by mail.

FLEA WASH. Especially prepared for long haired
breeds that are too troublesome to wash often. 25 cents
per bottle. By mail 40 cents.

DISTEMPER TREATMENT. The prescription of
a distinguished veterinary surgeon and used with uniform
success at nearly all the prominent Kennels. Each box
contains an exhaustive treatise on all the complications
of the disease, and instructions for the diet to be used
during the disease. Price per box 50 cents. Same price
by mail.

MANGE WASH. One bottle is generally sufficient
to cure parasitical mange. Sometimes two or three ap-
plications will effect a cure. Price 50 cents per large
bottle. Small bottles by mail 50 cents.

WORM CAPSULES. One dose is a speedy cure for
wormis in grown dogs or young puppies. Price 50 cents
per box. Same price by mail.

TAPE WORM SPECIFIC. Will rid a dog of this
troublesome pest after all other remedies fail. Price 50

cents per box. Same price by mail.

CANINE TONIC. For loss of appetite, bad coat, poor
condition, blood mange or after recovery from distemper
or other weakening diseases. Price 50 cents per bottle.
Same price by mail. |

CANKER WASH. Asure cure for this troublesome
disease. Price 50 cents per bottle. Small bottles by
mail 50 cents.

EYE WASH. For weak and inflamed eyes. Prive 50:
cents per bottle.

COUGH MIXTURE. An excellent remedy. Price
50 cents per bottle.

ASTHMA CURE. Price 50 cents per bottle.

CHOREA TREATMENT. For twitching of the
muscles and partial paralysis this medicine is a wonder-
fulremedy. Price 50 cents per bottle.

CANINE LAXATIVE. For relieving constipation.
Price 50 cents per bottle.

DIARRH@GA MIXTURE. Price 50 cents per bottle.

HAIRSTIMULANT. For promoting the growth of
hair on dogs and giving them a beautiful glossy coat.
Price 50 cents per bottle.

FLUID KENNEL DISINFECTANT. An instan-
taneous deodorizer for kennels and useful as a germ
destroyer in distemper and mange. Price 25 cents for a.
twelve ounce bottle. Small bottle by mail 25 cents.

DRY KENNEL DISINFECTANT. = This destroys
the bad smell in kennels or dog boxes, by sprinkling it
among the bedding or on the floor. It is also useful in
distemper and mange Price 25 cents per box.

PUPPY FOOD. This is the result of along series of
experiments. Puppies reared on this food will never be
troubled with worms, as it contains a harmless vegetable:

ingredient that is death to these parasites. It is rich in
both muscle and bone making materials. Price 50 cents
per five pound box.

CAT FOOD. An excessive meat diet, raw or cooked,
is injurious to cats. It is also injurious to their coats.
We have prepared a palatable and digestible cooked food,
containing the necessary quantity of meat and other pure
ingredients that will keep the cat in good health. Price
10 cents per pound. Sample packages sent by mail on
receipt of 5 cents.

POULTRY FOOD. This is an excellent food for
chickens of all ages. It may be fed from the time they
come out of the shell until their existence is ended. As
an egg producerit hasno equal. It is specially prepared,
containing all easily digested ingredients necessary to
health. To feed # takesufficient fora meal, pour boiling
water or milk over it, enough to make it a crumbly mass,
then let it cool a little before feeding. Price 10 cents per
pound or $3.50 for 50 pounds.

All the above preparations can be obtained from the
druggists, grocers and gunsmiths. To avoid disappoint-
ment, do not accept any substitutes of any kind that may
be recommended as being just as good, but insist on
having those plainly marked with the name of the

THE ASSOCIATED FANCIERS,

400 N@€RTH THIRD STREET, PHILADGSLPHIA. PA.

IF YOU ARE {NTERES'TED IN POULTRY, DOGS
OR CATS YOU SHOULD SEND FORTHE
FOLLOWING BOOKS:

The Poultry Doctor

A valuable little Book for the Fancier
and Breeder of Poultry. Showing how
to rear and keep them, giving symp-
toms of their different ailments with
treatment by allopathic and homco-
pathic remedies. By John E. Dieh),
American Poultry Association Judge.
Mailed on receipt of 25 cents in Postage
Stamps.

THE ASSOCIATED FANCIERS’ NEW BOOK

The Toy Dog.

It traces its origin and describes
the many different varieties. How
to select, br.ed and manage them.
Their diseases, and symptoms, with
remedies for the same by homeo=

athic and allopathic treatments.

Wustrated with about fifty well-
drawn Engravings. The last and
best book by the fate John E. Diehl.
Mailed toany adcress on receipt of ¥
25 cents. I mal

Domestic Cat

its different breeds and varie-

owners of cats. Written by
E hnghee weg John E. Diehl. Mailed on
receipt of 25 cents in stamps or Post Office money order.

Remit for all of the obove books to the

&SSOCIATED FANCIERS, +000) apo.

i PAGE; PAGE.
Allopathic Treatment, 55 | Diséasés of the Digestive
Anatomy of the Dog, 6 Organs, ;
Associated Fanciers’ Diseases of the Air

Preparations, ; PRAT Passages, . ; 67
Asthma, . ; : 68 | Dysentery, : : 64
Breeding Dogs, i 13 Distemper, : : 70
Broken Bones, : : fa. 4° Dropsy,... : : 72
Bronchitis, ; 67 Diphtheria, : : 69
Bruises and Contusions, 7 Eruptions, : 74
Canker or Inflammation Fanciers’ Hand Books, 80

of the Ear and Eye, 61 | Fevers, ; : 56
Catarrh of the Nose, 68 | Fits, Apopleetic, 59
Chinese Crested Dog, 47 oS -Convulsive, 58
Chorea, . ; 57 ‘*” Delirious, . , 59
Classification of Diseases56 ‘‘ Epileptic, : 60
Consumption, . : 69 | Fractures and Bruises, 75
Constipation, . 65 | French Poodle or Bar bet, 47
Coryza, —. €8 | Gastritis or Inflamima-
Costiveness, 65 tion of the Stomach, 64
Dandie Dinmont, 29 | General Debility, . 71
Diarrhea, . ; 63 | Hair and Coat, ; 75
Different Breeds of Dogs,21 | Homceopathic Treat-
Diseases of Dogs, 53 ment, . 55

£ of the Skin, 73 | How to administer

is of the Head, Medicine, . : 58
Brainand Nerv- Hydrophobia, . : 60
ous System, 66°} Indigestion, ~ . ° 66

TOY DOGS. "

PAGE. PAGE.
Inflammation of Eyes, 62 Spaniel, Blenheim, . 40
Inflammation of the Japanese, : 42 .

Kidneys and Blad- e King Charles, 38
der, 65 e Prince‘ 39

Italian Greyhound, 45 - Ruby,. . 41
Jaundice, . 3 72 | Terrier, Airedale, ; 28
Maltese Dog, : 31 ie Bedlington, 26
M: anagement of Dogs, 10 5 Black and Tan, 32
Mange, : 73 es Bull, i Reeves
Mexican Hairless Dog, 46 z! Fox, , ; 35
Milk Fever, : : 57 ey Trish, ; : 26

. Nursing and Diet, . 54 e Scotch, : 25
Ophthalmia, . i 62 o Skye, . 23
Origin ofthe Dog, . 5 “ a Pricked Ear 24
Palsy, : 58 i Yorkshire, 22
Pomeranian or Spitz, 49 | Tumors, Ulcerations,
Pug... ‘ i 43 and Sores, . : 65
Rearing ups 18 See “4

Whippet or Runninz 2
Rickets, . ° te PTS HOt. Z 4 51

Selecting a Dog, d 10 | Worms, . 5 : RA

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