Full text of "Tracts relating to military proceedings in Lancashire during the great civil war, commencing with the removal, by Parliament, of James, lord Strange, afterwards earl of Derby, from his lieutenancy of Lancashire, and terminating with his execution at Bolton"

REMAINS

HISTORICAL & LITERARY

CONNECTED WITH THE PALATINE COUNTIES OF

LANCASTEE AND CHESTER

PUBLISHED BY

THE CHETHAM SOCIETY.

VOL. II.

PRINTED FOR THE CHETHAM SOCIETY.
M.DCCCXLIV.

Richards, Printer,
100, St. Martin s Lane.

around.

EDWARD HOLME, Esq., M.D. President.

REV. RICHARD PARKINSON, B.D., Canon of Manchester, Vice-President.

THE HON. & VERY REV. WILLIAM HERBERT, Dean of Manchester.

GEORGE ORMEROD, Esq., LL D., F.R.S., F.S.A., F.G.S., Sedbury Park.

SAMUEL HIBBERT WARE, Esq., M.D., F.R.S.E., Edinburgh.

REV. THOMAS CORSER, M.A.

REV. GEORGE DUGARD, M.A.

REV. C. G. HULTON, M.A.

REV. J. PICCOPE, M.A.

REV. F. R. RAINES, M.A., Milnbow Parsonage, near Rochdale.

JAMES CROSSLEY, Esq.

JAMES HEYWOOD, Esq., F.R.S.

WILLIAM LA.NGTON, Esq., Treasurer.

WILLIAM FLEMING, Esq., M.D., Hon. Secretary.

O er Q n er =r

TRACTS

RELATING TO

MILITARY PROCEEDINGS

LANCASHIRE

DURING THE

GREAT CIVIL WAR,

COMMENCING WITH

THE REMOVAL, BY PARLIAMENT, OF JAMES LORD STRANGE,

AFTERWARDS EARL OF DERBY,

FROM HIS LIEUTENANCY OF LANCASHIRE,

AND TERMINATING

WITH HIS EXECUTION AT BOLTON.

EDITED AND ILLUSTRATED FROM CONTEMPORARY DOCUMENTS,

GEORGE ORMEROD, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.S.A., F.G.S.

OF TYLDESLEI" AND SEDBURY,
AUTHOR OF THE HISTORY OF CHESHIRE.

PRINTED FOR THE CHETHAM SOCIETY.
M.DCCC.XLIV.

PREFATORY MEMOIR

The following Tracts are part of a Collection formed by
the present Editor about twenty years ago, with the object
of possessing documents illustrative of the History of his
native County, which it would be impossible to find in
any regular or connected work. They were intended
solely for his own use and his private Library, as he was
conscious that there might be much difference of opinion
as to the propriety of republishing in a collected form
these contemporary memorials of civil and religious dis-
cord, and of almost fraternal strife.

Since that period opinions in favour of illustrating
History by republication of Tracts, have been expressed
and acted upon by high authorities. In 1825, the Civil
War Tracts of Gloucestershire were given to the world
collectively, with an excellent introduction by the Rev. John
Webb, under the express patronage of George IY and his
Lord Lieutenant for that county, the late Duke of Beaufort.
Among other subsequent works of the same class, may be
named " The Boscobel Tracts," published by Mr. Hughes,
under the recommendation and suggestions of the Bishop
of Llandaff. Other Tracts, of the Parliamentary party, had
been previously subjoined, by Sir Walter Scott, to his Me-
moirs of the Great Civil War, and similar illustrations have
been recently added by Mr. Wright to his Autobiography of

tf/

t*%

V\l

PREFATORY MEMOIR.

Since that period opinions in favour of illustrating
History by republication of Tracts, have been expressed
and acted upon by high authorities. In 1825, the Civil
War Tracts of Gloucestershire were given to the world
collectively, with an excellent introduction by the Rev. John
Webb, under the express patronage of George IV and his
Lord Lieutenant for that county, the late Duke of Beaufort.
Among other subsequent works of the same class, may be
named " The Boscobel Tracts," published by Mr. Hughes,
under the recommendation and suggestions of the Bishop
of Llandaff. Other Tracts, of the Parliamentary party, had
been previously subjoined, by Sir Walter Scott, to his Me-
moirs of the Great Civil War, and similar illustrations have
been recently added by Mr. Wright to his Autobiography of

IV PREFATORY MEMOIR.

Joseph Lister. Finally, under the patronage of the Lord
Lieutenant of Lancashire, and of almost every name of
hereditary rank or high official dignity connected with that
County and the sister Palatinate, The Chetham Society
determined to publish the Civil War Tracts of Lancashire ;
and when honoured by a request from a Society thus con-
stituted that he would communicate his own collection for
such purpose, and direct its publication, the Editor consi-
dered it, at once, a duty and a pleasure to comply.

It maybe desirable to explain that the object of publica-
tion regards Tracts, and documents of that class, only, and
that the following plan of arrangement has been adopted :
The selection of Tracts has been limited to such as relate
to the proceedings of the Military, or the local Lieutenancy
which directed them, to which explanatory notes have been
added, with such extracts from contemporary journals or
similar memorials as are requisite to connect the links of
the story. To this mass of original documents a chrono-
logical table of local events is prefixed, to guide the reader
through the labyrinth of details; and two Indexes are
added : the first, or biographical Index, is constructed with
a view to the identification of the person and family of each
individual of local consideration ; and the second, so as to
enable the reader to follow, at once, the whole series of
events here recorded, relating to each place or person. A
chronological arrangement has been adopted, with the
exception of two Tracts, by N. Barnet and Col. Rosworm,
placed otherwise for reasons stated elsewhere ; and all the
Tracts which the Editor possessed in transcript only, have
been collated anew with the original printed copies.

The object of the present prefatory essay is, to add to

PKEFATORY MEMOIR. V

these documents a brief notice of the scene of the conflicts,
and of the principal persons of the long and fearful tragedy
which, from peculiar circumstances, seems in some degree
to separate itself from the greater struggle which raged, at
the same period, in the other portions of the three king-
doms.

The scene of this local warfare, with the exception of
one battle near Cartmell, and some skirmishes in the moun-
tainous district dividing Lancashire from Yorkshire, lies
entirely in the flat part of the former county bounded by
that mountainous district, the river Lune, the Irish Sea,
and the Mersey.

It does not appear that any other long or continuous
warfare was ever carried on in these limits ; at least, within
the range of authentic history. Tacitus gives us the march
of Agricola northwards through forests and estuaries, which
Rauthmell, with great probability, adapts to the geogra-
phical features of Lancashire. Ten centuries after this,
the Norman army forced its way through the denies already
mentioned, in passing from the devastation of Yorkshire
southwards. Subsequently, the Scots penetrated to Cli-
thero and to Lancaster. After this, local affrays occurred
with the retainers of Earl Thomas of Lancaster; military
movements took place in connexion with the wars of the
Roses, the preparations for Bosworth, the rising for
Lambert Simnel, the suppression of monasteries, and the
pilgrimage of grace ; and, at a later period, the irruptions of
the adherents of the Stuarts in 1715 and 1745. Except-
ing, however, the struggles recorded in these Tracts, no
systematic or continuous warfare is known to have existed
in Lancashire.

VI PREFATORY MEMOIR.

The area contained within the natural boundaries men-
tioned has been thrice fortified; — namely, first, by its
Roman conquerors ; secondly, by the local grantees of the
Norman sovereigns ; and lastly, by the contending parties
in the seventeenth century. The exact sites of fortresses
have varied, but the objects of defence have been the same
in all, — namely, the mountainous boundary on the east,
the lines of the Lune, Kibble and Mersey, and a central
position guarding the plain of South Lancashire; and it
may not be uninteresting to compare their coincidences.

With respect to Roman defences, the first fortress to
be noticed is the celebrated one of which so much has been
written by the elder Whitaker, and which forms the centre
of the operations described in the Tracts following — Man-
chester — protecting at once the district adjacent to the
higher portion of the Mersey and the junction of the
Irwell with its tributary streams. Its British origin and
Roman adoption are equally unquestionable ; three minor
fortresses were placed on the Mersey to the south of it, at
Stockport, Stretton, and Warrington ; and another
position at Blackrod defended the centre of the flat part of
South Lancashire to the north of it. Further northwards,
a camp at Ribchester guarded the pass of the Ribble, as
Overborough did that of the Lune as well as those of
the hills to the eastwards. Other parts of this moun-
tainous chain were protected by the works of Caster Cliff,
near Colne, and Slack, between Blackstone-edge and
Halifax. On the west, a camp at Lancaster guarded the
mouth of Lune; but the mouth of the Ribble and the
neighbourhood of the present Liverpool appear to have
been left, in the Roman period, to the protection of natural
fastnesses.

PREFATORY MEMOIR. Vll

A SECOND DISTRIBUTION OF FORTRESSES followed the

acquisition of England by the Normans, and situations
generally analogous to the Roman positions were chosen.
Much has been said as to these having been selected
along the Mersey, with regard to the jealousies of early
Barons in a period when paramount interests on its oppo-
site banks were distinct; but it is probable that the prin-
ciple on which Norman baronies were apportioned here
regarded only the maintenance of Saxon subjugation, and
the castles would of course be fixed in the most secure
part of each barony. Manchester continued to be a for-
tress as before, covered, towards the Mersey, by Stockport,
Ullerswell and Dunham within the Cheshire palatinate,
and by Warrington, as before, on its northern bank; but
the defences of the Mersey were now continued seawards by
Halton Castle on the Cheshire side, and by another fortress
placed at Liverpool by the chief lord of the districts com-
prised within the future honour of Lancaster. Newton
defended the central position of South Lancashire ; Castle-
ton, Clithero and Hornby, guarded the passes of the hills,
the two latter severally protecting also the Lune and the
Kibble; on the latter of which, adjacent to its estuary, a
baronial castle was continued at Penwortham, which had
risen in the Saxon period. The chief fortress of the para-
mount lord, Roger of Poictou, rose within the site of the
Roman camp at Lancaster.

To these were afterwards added the fortified mansions
of Lathom, Thurland, and Hoghton ; and, at a later period,
the castle of Greenhaugh, — which latter ones regarded
private interests only, and were distinct from the fortresses
consequent on the Norman apportionment in the first in-
stance.

Vlll PREFATORY MEMOIR.

Many of these castles or castellets had fallen to ruin at
the outbreak of the Civil War in 1642 ; but Lancaster,
Hornby, Thurland, Greenhaugh, Hoghton, Clithero, and
Lathom, were defensible, and occupied for military pur-
poses. In other positions the feudal castles were succeeded
by fortified towns. Military works, consisting chiefly
of mud walls, were thrown up at Manchester, Bolton,
Warrington, Liverpool, and Lancaster. Wigan, a new
central position, formed what was called " an impregnable
piece," covering Lathom, and Preston succeeded to Pen-
wortham in the defence of the Ribble. In the first instance
the passes of Blackstone-edge were neglected, but were
afterwards fortified by the engineer of the Manchester gar-
rison, which last town was the only Lancashire stronghold
that was not in the hands of the Royalists at the com-
mencement of the war.

The next point for discussion relates to the Persons of
the Tragedy ; at the head of whom must be placed the
noble Earl with whose Parliamentary removal from his
Lieutenancy the Tracts commence, terminating with his
execution. His hereditary influence is described by the
chronicler of Lathom Siege as having been locally consi-
dered equal to that of the Crown, which it so faithfully
supported ; and, unpopular as he was at Court, the wavering
of the King's advisers as to the propriety of raising the
standard at Warrington, in the centre of the Derby inte-
rest, was sufficient acknowledgment of his power. The
connexion of this influence with Lancashire was of no ordi-
nary antiquity, and was in fact the basis and the cause of
the later acquisitions. Estates in Lancashire are consi-
dered, on as good grounds as the case admits, to have been

PREFATORY MEMOIR. IX

inherited by the Stanleys, and their progenitors the Lathoms
of Lathom, from previous ancestors in the female line
reputed to have held them at a period beyond the range
of existing records, and before Lancashire had a name, or
separate existence as a County. The foundation charter
of Burscough Abbey fixes Robert Fitz Henry de Lathom,
in the time of Richard I, at the Lordship from which he
derived his name, and which occupies so conspicuous a
place in the narratives of this volume; and in 1250, during
the minority of William de Ferrers, then Earl of Derby,
the King granted to Robert de Lathom (according to the
custom of the time) the custody of that Earl's " Honour
or Lancaster," the germ of the future Palatinate. It
was one of the most important trusts that could be con-
ferred on a subject, and an earnest of the honourable con-
nexions with Lancashire enjoyed by his descendants.

After the death of Sir Thomas de Lathom in 1382, and
that of his son, Thomas de Lathom, in the year following, it
is well known that Lathom and Knowsley, with their de-
pendencies, passed to Isabel his daughter, and her husband
Sir John Stanley. The rolls of Parliament and the records
of the Duchy Office, contain the particulars of their contest
with John Duke of Lancaster on behalf of his alleged
ward, Elena de Lathom, a rival candidate; but these, and
the successive illustrious alliances and diplomatic and chi-
valrous honours of their descendants, are foreign to the
subject. It is proper, however, to advert to the military
exertions of the successive Earls of Derby, on the rising of
Buckingham, at Bosworth, on the insurrections in favour
of Lambert Simnel, and after the dissolution of the monas-
teries, — all of which had their great and appropriate

X PREFATORY MEMOIR.

reward in Lancashire lands, which fell in these movements
to the disposal of the Crown. A comparison of the Inqui-
sition taken with respect to the domains of the House of
Lathom in 1385, with a later one taken in 13 Hen. VIII,
after the death of Thomas Stanley, first Earl of Derby in
this line (both of which may be found in the printed
calendar of Duchy Eecords), will illustrate the extent of a
part of these rewards of military service, and the additional
local influence in Lancashire obtained thereby by their
noble proprietor, and his descendants.

It is well known that Jesuitical intrigue, based on the
vast estates, influence, and royal descent of Ferdinando,
the fifth Earl, led to his death by poison in the reign of
Elizabeth, and that in the reign of James I the [total
aggregate of the Derby estates suffered great diminution,
in consequence of a partition made between the daughters
and co-heiresses of this unfortunate nobleman, and William,
sixth Earl of Derby, his brother and heir male ; but the
Isle of Man, with the Lancashire estates, and other vast
domains in adjacent counties, accompanied the descent of
the Earldom. These estates, thus partly derived from
days of remote antiquity, and partly earned by the services
of later generations, were resigned by the same Earl
William to his son James before the commencement of the
Civil War. The outbreak of those troubles found this last
nobleman the Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire, Cheshire,
and all the counties of North Wales, and seated among the
Peers by summons as Lord Strange, in the lifetime of his
father, who died in retirement at Chester during the Siege
of Manchester.

Such was the deep root of that ancient and mighty

PREFATORY MEMOIR. XI

influence which was placed by James, Earl of Derby, at
the disposal of King Charles, with zeal, fidelity, and self-
devotion unconquerable.

Dugdale's Baronage, the Earl's own Memoir, preserved
by Peck, and the compilations of Collins and Seacome from
Bishop Rutter's MSS., may be consulted, with some quali-
fication, as to points beyond the scope of this work, con-
nected with the Earl's loyal efforts, and the distrust and
unkindness which paralysed them. Clarendon perhaps
requires more qualification, as reflecting the opinion of an
unfriendly court. Rarely has fidelity been more fully
proved or more severely tried; " but this will be justified,"
writes the Earl, in his modest memoir addressed to his son,
" that the King had good intents for us, that I have dis-
charged a good conscience in all, and that my honor is safe
in spight of the worst detractors."

Next after the head of the Lancashire Royalists, Sir
Thomas Tyldesley must be selected from the numerous
names in the following series as their unflinching right hand,
and on the opposite side General Ashton may be considered
the decided local leader, either with reference to hereditary
consequence, ability, or energy, in the general warfare.
On particular occasions, the command was taken by Seaton,
Fairfax, and Cromwell, and occasional support was given
by Sir William Brereton, and the elder Sir George Booth
from the sister Palatinate.

Among the military officers and private gentlemen acting
as officers under exigencies of the time, will be found the
names of several who had served in Germany or the Low
Countries, had mingled in the society of those Courts, or
were nearly connected with officers distinguished therein,

Xll PREFATORY MEMOIR.

and who were decidedly of that school of arms. Such were
Rupert, Byron, Langdale, Monro, Tyldesley, the Gerards,
Crane, and Farmer, on the Royal side; and Brereton,
Fairfax, and Rosworm, among their opponents.

To the inveteracy of local feelings and bitterness of reli-
gious animosity, may be added, as another cause of the
duration and severity of the struggle in Lancashire, the
nice balance of opposite parties. The petition of the
" Recusants," in an early part of the series of Tracts,
brings forward a few of those ancient and highly descended
families which still constitute so marked a feature in the
Lancashire aristocracy ; and in a later part will be found
the presentation of fifteen thousand Recusants at one Ses-
sions. The greater part of the principal Lancashire
Royalists belonged to this class, or were closely connected
with it. On the other hand, the populous district round
Bolton, termed the " Geneva of Lancashire," had been
long considered the very school and centre of Puritanism ;
and Lancashire itself (formed by the Presbyterians into
one ecclesiastical Province, " classically" distributed) is
stated by the biographer of Hey wood to have exhibited the
most complete specimen of their arrangement and disci-
pline that England possessed. Add to the necessary con-
sequences of such collision of sentiment the well-known
energy and uncompromising sternness of the Lancashire
character, and it becomes surprising that the horrors of
the local tragedy were not more aggravated.

In the early part of the contest, the struggle was chiefly
between the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn on one
side, and the Royalists of the remaining four hundreds on
the other, — Manchester (previous to the fortification of

PREFATORY MEMOIR. Xlll

Bolton) being the only Parliamentary fortress, with a
division of opinions in itself, before the siege, and a preva-
lence of Royalist sentiment in Salford, its suburb. After the
repulse of Derby, it continued to be the centre of local
Parliamentary strength during the entire contest, and its
importance is fully discussed in the pages of Col. Rosworm.
It was, in fact, balanced against Lathom, whilst that man-
sion remained unsubdued. Previous to the fall of that
mansion, Manchester supplied from its garrison the forces
which reduced the rest of Lancashire, checked the Earl of
Newcastle in full success, extended its forays into Cheshire
and North Wales, constituted (in Clarendon's opinion) the
only position of moment hostile to Charles between Nant-
wich and Carlisle, and commanded the forbearance of
Rupert in his career towards York and Marston. Subse-
quently, it sheltered the Committees of Lancashire in their
hours of danger, and was the point from which Cromwell,
Lambert, and Lilburne, in full consciousness of its impor-
tance, laboured successively to avert the armies of Hamilton
and Charles II, and afterwards the last desperate energies
of Derby. It was the point, in short, to use the Earl's
phrase, "from which bands of ungodly rebells sallied;"
and the place, on the other hand, upon which Yicars and
his party showered praises for zeal and indurance, as the
town, " next to the most famous and renowned citie of
London," in prosperous contention "for God and true
religion."

In the year which followed the execution of Derby,
Manchester ceased to be a fortress. To use the words of
Hollinworth, its chronicler, " the towne was dismantelled,
the walls thrown down, the gates sold or carried away."

XIV PREFATORY MEMOIR.

It was known to the ruling powers that the Lancashire
party, which had so steadily supported the Parliament, was
unfriendly to the future Protector, and this feeling was
strongly evinced in the rising of Sir George Booth in
1659. Under the failure which occurred, such feeling
could only show itself in lamentation, but this was deep
and general ; and when the Restoration arrived, there were
few places in which it was welcomed with greater spirit
that in Manchester. These events, however, relate to dis-
tinct principles of political feeling and action, and form a
series of their own, which may be studied with interest
in Dr. Hibbert's History of the Collegiate Church, and in
Mr. Hunter's Life of Oliver Heywood.

The Tracts must of course be read with due allowance
for their strong and unavoidable party colouring ; but the
statements, to a certain extent, correct one another, and it
is presumed that they will give, collectively, more informa-
tion as to local events of their day, with reference to dates,
and identification of persons, families, and places, than can
be found in any other existing documents.

Finally, the Author has pleasure in acknowledging the
kind assistance of Sir Charles Young, Garter King of
Arms, in permitting various references to the valuable
Records of the Herald's College ; and to the Officers
of the British Museum, in facilitating his collations there.
He is also indebted to the Bishop of Llandaff for the
loan of an illustrated copy of the Boscobel Tracts; to
Edward Baines, Esq. of Leeds (author of the History of
Lancashire), for the loan of his collection of rare Lanca-
shire Tracts, which has supplied two printed in the pre-
sent volume ; and to James Crossley, of Manchester, Esq.

PREFATORY MEMOIR. XV

for the use of his copy of the very rare Tract of Colonel
Rosworm. To John Palmer, of Manchester, Esq. (author
of the History of the Siege of that town) he is indebted
for a search in the ancient municipal accounts of that
borough, and other information ; and to T. Duffus Hardy,
Esq. F.S.A. of the Tower Record Office; the Rev. John
Webb, M.A. F.S.A. (editor of the Gloucestershire Civil
War Tracts) ; the Rev. Henry 0. Coxe, M.A. Sub-Libra-
rian of the Bodleian Library; and the Rev. Joseph
Hunter, F.S.A. (the historian of Hallamshire and South
Yorkshire) ; — for obliging and useful communications.

TRACTS AND OTHER CONTEMPORARY DOCUMENTS,

REPRINTED, ABSTRACTED, OR OTHERWISE NOTICED
IN THIS VOLUME.

1641*2. Chapter I. — Petitions, etc., to the House of Comjions.

L Petition of Divers Knights, &c., of the County of Lancaster (from a
Broadside in the British Museum, no date, but presented March 12,
1641-2) - - - - - -2

II. Humble Petition of the Knights, &c, in the County Palatine of Lan-
caster. London, 4 to, 1642 - - - - 6

HI. An Order of the Lords and Commons, &c, to the Sheriff of the County

of Lancaster, &c. Broadside, 1642 - - 7

(HI.*) Horrible News from Lancashire, &c, June 3, 1642 (relative to Royalist

Musters near Lancaster) ----- 324

IV. The Petition of divers of his Majesties faithful Subjects, &c, presented

to his Majesty at York, with his Majesty's answer. London, 4to, 1642 8

1 642. Chapter H. — Musters, Seizures of Magazines, etc.

V. Lamentable and Sad News from the North, viz. York, Lancaster, Darby,

and Newcastle. 4to, London, 1642 - - - - 13

(V.*) Original Letter from Alex. Rigby to the Speaker respecting the opening
of the Commission of Array on Preston Moor, and the seizure of
Liverpool and Preston Magazines, June 24, 1642. (From Mr.
Baines's MSS.) - - - - - 325

VL Severall Letters from the Committees, &c, to the Hon. Will. Lenthall,
Esq., wherein is related how the Townsmen of Manchester put
themselves into Arms, and stood upon their defence against the Lord
Strange, &c, who came to seize the Magazine, with an intercepted
letter from Sir Edw. Fitton to Sir Thomas Aston. 4to, London, 1642 15
(VL*) His Majesties desires, &c, to all the Trayned Bands and others on this
side Trent, likewise a letter from Manchester concerning a great
troop of Horse, &c. 4to, London, July 6, 1642 - 330

(VI.**) A true Relation of the taking of Roger Manwaring, Bishop of St.
David's, also the relation of the sudden rising of Lord Strange in
Lancashire. 4to, London, July 9, 1642 - - - 331

VH. A true and perfect Diurnall of all the chiefe Passages in Lancashire,

from 3 July to 9. London. 4to, 1642 - - - 20

XV111 LIST OF TRACTS, ETC.

VJJLL The Beginning of Civil Warres in England ; or, Terrible News from

the North. July 9, 1642 - - - - -24

The Beginning, &c., or a Skirmish between Lord Strange and the
Inhabitants of Manchester. 4to, London, July 9, 1 642 - 25

IX. Manchester's Resolution against the Lord Strange, &c. 4to, London,

July 1642 - - - - - - 27

X. To the King's most excellent Majesty, the Humble Desires, &c. ; also,
Horrible News from Manchester, declaring a great Skirmish betwixt
the Lord Stranges Forces, and the followers of the Deputy -Lieute-
nants, &c. 4to, London, 1642 - - 29
XL News from Manchester, being a perfect Relation, &c, of all the
Passages, &c, between the Lord Strange and the Commissioners for
the Militia. 4to, London, 1642 - - - 30
XII. A verie true and credible Narration of the severall passages at Man-
chester on the 15th of July last, wherein is specified an invitation of
the Lord Strange unto a Banquet, &c. 4to, London, 1642 - 31
XIH. An Impeachment of High Treason, exhibited in Parliament against

James Lord Strange, &c. 4to, London, 1642 - - - 35

XIV. To the King's most Excellent Majesty, the Humble Petition of divers
Recusants and others in the County of Lancaster, &c, to have their
Armes redelivered, &c, together with his Majesty's Commission to
Sir William Gerrard, &c. 4to, London, 1642 - - - 38

XV. Parliamentary Commission for raising Money for defence of Lancashire,
and sending down Colonel Sir John Seaton. Broadside in British
Museum. London, 1642 - - - - 40

Chapter III. — Siege of Manchester, etc.

XVI. General preliminary View of Proceedings at the Siege of Manchester 42
XVH. News from Manchester, being a true Relation of the Battell fought
before Manchester, wherein the Lord Strange lost 150 men, &c.
4to, London, 1642 - - - - 44

XVni. The Lord Strange his demands propounded to the Inhabitants of the

Town of Manchester concerning a pacification, &c. 4to, Lond. 1642 47

XIX. A true and faithfull Eelation of the Besieging of the Towne of Man-

chester, &c. 4to, 1642 - - - - - 49

Extracts from contemporary Authorities relative to proceedings conse-
quent on the Siege - - - - 56
(XIX.*) A true and exact Relation of the severall Passages at the Siege of Man-
chester. 4to, London, Oct, 12, 1642 - - - - 332

XX. The Declaration of the Lords and Commons, &c, in Commendation of

the Inhabitants of Manchester for their valiant resisting the Lord
Strange, &c.,nowEarle of Darbie. Broadside, British Museum, 1642 57
Extracts from contemporary authorities continued - - 59

(XX.*) A Continuation of the late Proceedings of his Majesty's Army at

Shrewsbury, Bridgenorth, Manchester, &c. London, Oct. 12, 1642 334

CONTAINED IN THIS VOLUME. XIX

XXI. Proposal for Pacification between the Town of Manchester and the Earl

of Derby, from the Perfect Diurnall, 1642 - - 61

XXL* Good Newes out of Cheshire (an account of an alleged conflict between
Lord Derby and the Trained Bands of Birmingham. 4to, London,
no date - - - - - - 335

XXII. A true and full Relation of the troubles in Lancashire between the
Lord Strange, now Earle of Derby, and the well affected people of
that Countrie. 4to, London, 1642 - - 63

XXIIL Orders concluded by the Lord Strange and his adherents at Preston.

4to, London, 1642 - - - - -66

1642-3. Chapter IV.— First Eeduction of Lancashire by the Parliament.

Extracts from contemporary Newspapers, &c, preceding the Parlia-
mentary Reduction of Preston - - - - 69

* XXTIL [XXIV.] The true Relation of the Taking of the town of Preston

by Col. Seaton's forces from Manchester. 4to, London, 1642 - 71

* XXIV. [XXV.] A perfect Relation of the Taking of the towne of Preston,

&c. 4to, London, 1642 - - - - - 73

* XXV. [XXVI;] First Assault on Bolton le Moors by Lord Derby's Wigan

Forces, &c. From Speciall Passages, Feb. 20, 1642-3 - 76

* XXVI. [XXVLL] A Punctuall Relation of the Passages in Lancashire this

weeke. (Blowing up of Houghton Tower, first Assault on Bolton,
and Reduction of Lancaster.) 4to, London, 1642-3 - 79

1643.
XXVLU. An account of the Burning of Lancaster, Storming of Preston by
Lord Derby, and Brewyer's defeat of the Parliamentarians. From
Mercurius Aulicus, April 2, 1643 - - - - 84

XXIX. Lancaster's Massacre, or a New Way of advancing the Protestant

Religion. 4to, London, 1643 - - - 86

XXX. God's Liftup Hand for Lancashire; a Sermon preached before the
Committee of the County of Lancaster, Dec. 18, 1645. (Inserted
out of order as to date on account of its connexion with the Tracts
preceding.) 4to, London, 1646 - - - - 88

Lists of Members of the Lancashire Committees of Sequestration, &c. 90
XXXI. Manchester's Joy for Derbies Overthrow. 4to, London, 1643 - 91

XXXII. Repulse of Brereton and the Manchester Garrison at Warrington by

Lord Derby, from Mercurius Aulicus - - - 94

XXXLTI. A true Relation of a Great Victory obtained by Capt. Ash ton, &c,

against the Earl of Derby at Whalley. 4to, London, 1 643 - 95

Extracts from Newspapers and contemporary authorities in continu-
ation of the preceding events, relative to the fall of Wigan, War-
rington, the distress at Lathom, and Lord Derby's flight to
Skipton and York, &c, &c. - 98

* The numerals in brackets ought to have been prefixed to the four Tracts marked
with asterisks, instead of the existing ones, which escaped correction.

LIST OF TRACTS, ETC.

XXXIV. Exceeding Joyfull Newes out of Lancashire, (relative to the fall of
Warrington and Liverpool, the siege of Whitchurch, and landing
of Irish Troops. 4to, London, 1643 - - - - 102

Reduction of Hornby and Thurland Castles by Col. Ashton. (From
Certaine Informations, No. 23) - - - - 1 06

Chapter V.

XXXV. Lancashire's Valley of Achor is England's Doore of Hope. 4to,

London, 1643 ...... iq7

Chapter VI. — Conflicts with the Earl of Newcastle, &c.

XXXVI. Declaration and Summons sent by the Earl of Newcastle to the town
of Manchester, &c, with the resolute answers of the Commanders
in Chief and Souldiers in Manchester, &c. 4to, London, July 15,
1643 - - - - - - - 143

Some Notable Observations upon the late Summons, &c. London,
4to, 1643 ------ 145

Extracts from Journals, &c, relative to the skirmishes between
Newcastle and the Manchester forces, on the Yorkshire border,
near Blackstone Edge, &c. - 145

XXXVn. A true Relation of the great Victory obtained, &c, by the Parlia-
ment's forces in Lancashire against the forces raised by the King
in the Counties of Westmorland and Cumberland, where they
took Thurland Castle, &c. Sent in a Letter by Colonell Rigby.
4to, London, 1643 - - - - - 148

1643-4. Chapter VII. — Conflicts with Lord Byron's Forces.

Extracts from Journals, &c, relative to the advance of the Lanca-
shire troops into Wales, their retreat before Byron and his Irish
auxiliaries, the defeat of Ashton near Middlewich, and the subse-
quent advance of the Lancashire troops, in conjunction with Fair-
fax, and the raising the Siege of Nantwich - - - 152

1644. Chapter VIII.— First Siege of Lathom.

Introductory Remarks relative to the first Siege of Lathom House - 155
XXXVIII. A briefe Journal of the Siege against Lathom - - - 159

Chapter LX. — Rupert's Advance towards York.

Extracts from contemporary Journals, &c, relative to Rupert's
March to the relief of Lathom - - - - 187

XXXIX. An exact Relation of the bloody and barbarous Massacre at Bolton
in the Moors, in Lancashire, May 28, by Prince Rupert. London,
4to, Arg. 22, 1644 - - - - - 188

CONTAINED IN THIS VOLUME. XXI

An account of the Siege and Taking of Bolton, &c. Seacome's
Memoirs ------ 196

Extracts from contemporary Journals relative to Rupert's Siege of
Liverpool, &c. ------ 198

An account of the Siege and Taking of Liverpool, &c. (Seacome's
Memoirs) ------ 199

Continuation (from Journals) of Rupert's March to York and Marston 201

Chapter X.— Rupert's Flight from Marston.

Extracts from Journals, &c, relative to Rupert's retreat across Lanca-
shire from York towards Cheshire, the successive defeats of the
Royalists, the Reduction of Liverpool, Greenhaugh, Lathom,
Chester, &c, by the Parliament, with notices of the formation of
Lay and Ecclesiastical Committees - 203

Three Great Victories obtained against the Lord Ogleby and others
of Prince Rupert's Forces. 4 to, London, 1644 - - 205

A true Relation of two Great Victories obtained against the Enemy.
4to, London, 1644 ----- ibid.

Chapter XL — Rosworm's Narrative, Petition, &C. 1

XL. Good Service hitherto ill rewarded, or an Historicall Relation of
eight years' Services for King and Parliament done in and about
Manchester. By Lieut. Col. Ros worm. London, 4to, 1649 - 215

Order in favour of Rosworm by the House of Commons. Sep. 4, 1644 244
A Letter from President Bradshaw in favour of the same. July 7, 1649 ibid.
XLI. The Case of Lieut. Col. Rosworm. (A Petition to Parliament.)

July 1651 - - - - - - 245

Extracts from the Accounts of the Town of Manchester relative to
Rosworm, 1644-47 - - - - - 246

1648. Chapter XII. — Hamilton's Irruption.

XLH. Engagement or Declaration of the Officers and Soldiers of the County

Palatine of Lancaster. 4to, May 19, 1648 - - - 248

XLIII. The copy of a letter from Duke Hamilton to the Ministers at Lan-
caster, with their answer to the same. 4to, London, Aug. 25, 1648 252

XLIV. The last Newes from the Prince of Wales, declaring his further

Proceedings against the Parliament's Forces. 4to, London, 1648 254

1 Col. Rosworm's Tract is inserted in this place, and out of its chronological order,
as it relates exclusively to the events described in the preceding Tracts, with the
exception of one brief allusion to Hamilton's irruption of 1648, p. 237. For similar
reasons, mentioned in p. xix. Barnet's God's lift-up Hand for Lancashire is placed imme-
diately after the Tracts of 1643, which it illustrates.

XX11 LIST OF TRACTS, ETC.

XLV. Lieut. Gen. Cromwel's letter to the Committee at Manchester con-
cerning the total routing of the Scots Army, &c. 4to, London,
Aug. 22, 1648 - - - - - - 255

XL VI. Lieut. Gen. Cromwell's letter to the Hon. W. Lenthall, &c, of the
severall great Victories obtained against the Scots and Sir Marma-
duke Langdale's forces. London, 4to, Aug. 23, 1648 - - 258

XLVH. An Impartiall Relation of the late Eight at Preston, &c. (By Sir

Marmaduke Langdale.) 4to, 1648 - - - - 267

XL VIII. A Particular of the several Victories, and the occasions of the solemn

day of Thanksgiving, &c. London, 4to, 1648 - 270

Movements and Fortunes of the Lancashire Royalists commanded by

Tyldesley after the failure of Hamilton - 273

A great Victory at Appleby, by Col. Gen. Ashton, &c. 4to, Lond. 1 648 273
Disbanding of the Militia of Lancashire, 1648 - - - 276

L. A true representation of the present sad and lamentable Condition

of the County of Lancaster, &c. 4to, London, 1 649 - - 277

Chapter XIH.— Lord Derby's Proceedings in Man.

Notices of the Earl of Derby's Proceedings in Man, 1643-1651 - 280

A message sent from the Earl of Derby, Governor of the I. of Man,
to his dread Sovereign. York - 283

A Declaration of the Right Hon. James Earl of Derby, &c, concern-
ing his resolution to keep the Isle of Man, &c. 4to, London, 1649 ibid.

A Declaration of the noble Knights, Sir Marmaduke Langdale and
Sir L. Dives, in vindication of the Right Hon. James Earl of
Derby, &c. 4to, London, 1649 - - - ibid.

1651. Chapter XIV. — March of Charles II towards Worcester.

LI. Mercurius Politicus. (No. 63.) Advance of King Charles from Lan-
caster to Warrington, 1651 - - - -286
Extracts from contemporary Journals relative to the Conflicts
between the Royal Army and Lambert, and the King's progress to
Worcester ---.-_ 289

Chapter XV.— Defeats of Derby, Lesley, etc.

Extracts from contemporary Journals, &c. relative to Lord Derby's
landing in Lancashire, &c. - 294

LII. A great Victory, &c, obtained by the Parliament's Forces against
the Scots Forces commanded by the Earl of Derby, &c. London,
4to, 1651 - - - - - - 296

LIII. Two Letters from Col. Robert Lilburne, &c. (to the Speaker Len-
thall, and Cromwell), containing the particulars, &c, of the totall
Rout, &c, of the Earl of Derby. London, 4to, 1651 - - 300

CONTAINED IN THIS VOLUME. XX111

LIV. Another Victory in Lancashire obtained against the Scots by Major
General Harrison, &c, with the taking of Lieut. Gen. David
Lesley, &c. London, 4to, 1651 - - - - 307

Chapter XVI.— Imprisonment and Execution of Derby.

Extracts from contemporary and other documents, relative to the
Capture, Trial, and Execution of the Earl of Derby - - 311

The perfect Trial and Confession of the Earl of Derby, &c. London
4to, 1651 - - - - - - 312

The true Speech delivered on the Scaffold by James Earl of Derby,
&c. London, 4to, 1651 - - - - - 317

LV. Original Letter from Lord Derby, prisoner at Chester, to Lenthall as
Speaker, accompanying his Petition to the Parliament for commu-
tation of sentence or respite. Oct. 11, 1651 - - - 318
LVI. The Earl of Derby's Speech on the Scaffold, immediately before his

Execution, at Bolton in Lancashire. Oct. 15, 1651 - - 320

CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE

OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS LOCALLY CONNECTED WITH THE PROGRESS OF
THE CIVIL WAR IN LANCASHIRE, FROM 1641 TO 1651.

CHAP. I.
1641-2. PAGES

Feb. 12. Lord Wharton nominated as Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire by
the Commons to the King, in place of Lord Strange, and
formally appointed by them on March 5 - 2

Mar. 12. Petition from Lancashire, recognizing Lord Wharton's appoint-
ment, received by the Commons. His list of Deputy Lieu-
1642. tenants accepted, and additions to it directed - - ibid.

May 2. Lancashire petition to the King, praying his return to Par

liament ------ g

May 25. Reported musters of Recusants, armed, near Lancaster, and of

their suppression by the Sheriff ... 324

May 28. Order of the Commons to the Sheriff of Lancashire, to suppress

levies &c. unauthorised by them - 7

31. Petition from 7000 inhabitants of Lancashire presented to the

King at York ----- 8

June 6. The King's answer delivered at York to the High Sheriff, Sir

John Girlington - - • - - n

CHAP. II.

June 20. Meeting convened on Preston Moor by the High Sheriff of
Lancashire, where the Commission of Array was read by him
in the presence of Lord Strange, the Constables charged by
Rigby on the part of the Deputy Lieutenants, and Preston
Magazine subsequently seized for the Crown by Mr. Farring-
ton's agent - - - - - 13, 14, 327

Lord Strange seizes the Magazine at Liverpool, and proceeds
with forces to Bury, intending to seize the Manchester Mag-
azine, but is anticipated by the Lieutenancy, who secure it - 1 6, 1 1 1
23-25. Communications opened between the Lieutenancy and Lord

Strange, and also with the House of Commons « - 17

The Militia, to the number of 7 or 8000, exercised by the Lieu-
tenancy at Manchester - 20

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. XXV

July 5. Alleged skirmish (supposed to be inaccurately stated) between

Lord Strange and the people of Manchester - - 26

The Array mustered at Knutsford, by order of Lord Strange - 20

8. The Array, to the number of 4000, mustered on Preston Moor

by Lord Strange - 23

15. The Array, including 2000 from Manchester, &c. mustered at

Bury, another muster being held at Wigan - - 3,112

15. Affray and bloodshed at Manchester, in the evening, on Lord
Strange's attendance at a banquet, after which he proceeds to
Sir Alexander Radclyffe's, at Ordshall - - - 32-4,113

Sep. 16. The House of Commons order the Impeachment of Lord Strange

for High Treason to be published 36

27. The King receives the Petition of the Recusants for liberty to

arm, at Chester, and grants the same 38

29. Parliament directs money to be raised for defence of Lanca-
shire, and Sir J. Seaton to have the military command there 40

CHAP. III.

Sep. 13. Sir Edward Fitton of Gawsworth and Mr. Leigh commence
the plundering and disarming of the Parliamentarians in
Cheshire, and Manchester is put in a state of defence - 51, 114

24, 25. Lord Strange's forces appear before Manchester, commanded by
himself, and attended by the Lancashire Royalists, the Gentle-
men in the Parliamentarian interest entering into the Town
for its defence - - - - -52, 114

26. Lord Strange summons Manchester and commences a cannonade ib.

27. A parley requested by Lord Strange, and cessation agreed upon 53

28. The cannonade resumed .... 55
30. Trench cast up at the end of Deansgate, but cannon removed in

the night by the Earl of Derby, who succeeded his father,
Earl William, on the preceding day. (See p. 342.) - ib.

The Cheshire Array refuses to march against Manchester - 121

Oct. 1. Lord Derby requests exchange of prisoners, and breaks up the

siege --._._ 55

6. Thanks of Parliament voted to the Townsmen of Manchester - 57

23. Battle of Edge Hil l, to which Lord Derby's Lancashire

Regiments accompanied the King, the Earl himself being

sent back to Lancashire - - - - 69, 159

24. Parliament directs a new Commission of the Peace for Lancashire 6 1
Nov. Lord Kilmorey, Lord Brereton, &c. attempt to pacificate between

Manchester and Lord Derby .... 62

3. Parliament send cannon to Manchester, and to Col. Ashton's,

at Middleton - 62

XXVI CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

9. Sir Alexander Kadclyffe, K.B. of Ordshall Hall, committed to

the Tower ------ 62

18. Lord Derby, advancing into Warwickshire, stated to be de-
feated with the loss of 1200 men (slain and prisoners), near
Birmingham, and to have returned thence to Lathom to re-
cruit his regiments. (Good Newes out of Cheshire. King's
Tracts, vol. xxxviii. No. 44, 1 642, supposed inaccurate.) - 335

27. Blackburn seized, and Whalley disarmed, by the Array, who in

turn are defeated by clubmen - - - - 123

Defeat of Derby on Lowton Common, near Leigh, followed by
the defeat of Sir Gilbert Hoghton, by Shuttleworth and
Starkie, on Hinfield Moor - - - -63,65

Dec. Parliament troops, under Bradshaw and Venables, defeated near

Hindley, by Wigan troops - - - - 63, 125

2. Sir Cecil Trafford committed to prison at Manchester - 62

10. Appointment of Royalist Officers at a meeting at Preston, and
of a council of Royalist Gentlemen to assemble there in aid
of the Earl of Derby, as " Lord General of Lancashire" - 66

24. Leigh regained by Manchester forces, under Rosworm, by

assault, and an assault by the Array on Blackburn repelled 125, 224

CHAP. IV.

1642-3.

Jan. Sir John Goodrick and other prisoners taken by Fairfax sent

to Manchester from Bradford - - - - 70

Ammunition sent for Manchester intercepted, and the soldiers

raised for that place used to fill up the regiments of Essex - ib.

Reports of an intention to supersede the Earl of Derby as Gene-
ral of Lancashire, by the appointment of the Earl of Newcastle ib.

Attempt of Sir John Talbot to entrap the chief persons of Man-
chester garrison by an invitation to Salesbery - - ib.

Preston stormed by Sir John Seaton and the garrison of Man-
chester ----- 72, 127, 224

Hoghton Tower surrendered to Capt. Starkie, and blown up
- by accident - - - 80, 128

Lord Derby's first assault on Bolton repelled - - 76, 81, 129

Lancaster Castle occupied for the Parliament, by Birch - 84, 130

Ordnance taken from a Spanish vessel moved to Lancaster

Castle - - - - - 84, 87, 90, 130

Lord Derby enters, fires, and abandons Lancaster. Col. Birch
subsequently abandons the Castle, but resumes possession - 85-8,131

Lord Derby retakes Preston, and the Parliament Magazine there 85, 132

Dragoons commanded by Capt. Norris, defeated by the Royal-
ists under Major Brewyer - - - - 86

Eeb.

14.

16.

17.

Mar.18,19.

21.

22.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. XXV11

Lord Derby's intention of a second attack on Manchester frus-
1643. trated by the King's orders to Lord Molineux (Seacome) - 96

28. Lord Derby's second assault on Bolton repelled - - 133

April 1. Lancashire Committee of Sequestration appointed 90

Wigan taken on Easter Eve by the Manchester forces, and

abandoned ----- 94, 134, 226

5. Brereton and the Manchester garrison repelled in an assault on

Warrington - - - - 95, 135

6. [Before this.] Blackburn taken by Lord Derby, and retaken

by Seaton, who subsequently laid siege to Preston - 96

20. Lord Derby defeated by Col. Ashton at Whalley - - 96, 135

22. Tyldesley and the Royalists, repelled by Ashton from Wigan,

fall back on Lathom ... 99, 137, 160

May Derby leaves Lathom, retreating before Ashton through Lan-

cashire to Hornby, and thence to York, where he joins the
Queen ----- 99,160,280

10. [About.] Fairfax intercepts a letter from Lathom to the Queen,

describing the distress there. Preston taken - •• 100

23. Winwick Church &c. (defended by the Royalists) taken - 138
28. Col. Norris surrenders Warrington, after five days' siege, and

Lathom is summoned - 101, 138, 160

15,000 Papists presented in one Sessions in Lancashire - 102

Liverpool surrendered to the Parliamentary forces under Col.

Ashton ------ 104,138

June 21. [Before.] Col. Ashton takes the Castles of Hornby and Thur-

land, in Lunesdale, and relieves Lancaster, the Royalist forces

marching to the Queen at York - - 106, 139

CHAP. V.

Lancashire's Valley of Achor, being a recapitulation of preceding
events (inserted, in their order, in the preceding part of this
table), with some additions - - - -107-142

CHAP. VI.
1643.
June 30. The Earl of Newcastle defeats the Fairfaxes and the Mus-

queteers of Manchester garrison at Adwalton Moor, Yorkshire 1 43-6

July 1 . Sir Thomas Fairfax occupies Bradford, but is compelled to aban-
don it to Newcastle - - - - - ib.
5. The Earl of Newcastle summons the garrison of Manchester

from Bradford - - - - - 143

7. The garrison decline acceptance of terms - 145

XXV111 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

17-31. The passage at Blackstono Edge fortified, and skirmishes be-
tween Newcastle and the Manchester troops, ending in his
discomfiture. Part of the Manchester forces serving with
Brereton before Halton Castle, which was reduced July 22 - 147, 229

August. Manchester forces, partly occupied in Cheshire and partly in

the reduction and plundering of Craven - - 148

Oct. 1. Col. Huddleston, with Tyldesley and others, defeated in Fur-

ness, by Col. Rigby - - - 150

Thurland Castle (reoccupied by Sir John Girlington) taken and
burned by Rigby - - - - - 151

CHAP. VII.

Dec. The Manchester troops return home from Wales, and Brere-

ton's forces fall back upon Nantwich, on the landing of the
Irish Royalists in Wirral Hundred, in Cheshire - - 152

26. The Manchester forces defeated between Sandbach and Mid-
dlewich by Lord Byron, who had recovered Holt, Wrexham,
1643-4. &c. and advanced from Chester to the siege of Nan twich - 153

Jan. 21. Fairfax advances from Manchester to Nantwich, accompanied
by Ashton's, Holland's, and Booth's regiments, joins Sir
Wm. Brereton, and defeating Lord Byron on Jan. 25, near
Nantwich, raises the siege, and advances subsequently
against Lathom - - -* - 154,229

CHAP. VIII.

Feb. 27. The Parliamentarian forces commence the actual siege of

Lathom ----- . ig3

28-Mar.lO. Negociations between Fairfax and the Countess of Derby - 163-8

Mar. 12. Lady Derby's garrison sallies out and attacks the besiegers - 169

1644.

May 23. Lady Derby informed that Rupert and his army were advanc-
ing through Cheshire to her relief - - - 182
27. Col. Rigby raises the siege, and retiring by Eccleston, joins the

garrison in Bolton - - - - - 183

CHAP. IX.

19. Prince Rupert enters Cheshire, from Shropshire, marching to

the relief of Lathom - - - - - 187

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. XXIX

25. Rupert forces the pass at Stockport, and marches towards Bol-
ton, Col. Rosworm having rejected his offers for the betraying
of Manchester ----- 188,230

28. Bolton assaulted and stormed by Prince Rupert and the Earl

of Derby ----- 183,189,196

June. Liverpool taken by storm by Rupert - - - 199

Lathom House strengthened with additional works - - 201

Jun. 20-25. Rupert's army attacked by Col. Shuttleworth near Blackburne,

in its route to York ----- ib.

July 2. Rupert defeated at Marston Moor - 202

CHAP. XL

Jul.&Aug. Rupert's forces flying across Lancashire, and the Royalists of
that county associated with them, beaten in successive fights,
and the siege of Lathom renewed - 202-207

Liverpool surrendered to Sir John Meldrum - - 207

The Lancashire Committee of Ministers for Presbyterian Ordi-
nation appointed ----- 208

The Lodge at Lathom surrendered to the Parliament - 209

Ordinance for appointment of the Committee of the County of
Lancaster ----- 209

Lathom House surrendered - - - - 211

Order of Parliament for a Collection for the distressed in Man-
chester ------ 213

Surrender of Chester - - - - 214

1646. Jun. lO.The King's Warrant issued for the final surrender of all Royal-
ist fortresses - - - - 214

CHAPTERS XII. XIII. XIV.

1647. The children of Lord Derby restored, under Fairfax's media-

1648. tion, to possession of Knowsley - 282
May. Declaration or Engagement of the Lancashire soldiers - 250
June 9. The Committee of Lancashire order their Regiments to join

Lambert's forces ----- 252

Aug. The Scotch and English Royalists under Hamilton enter

Furness - - 255

10. Correspondence between Hamilton at Hornby, and the minis-
ters in Lancaster Castle - 253

1 6. Cromwell reaches Stonihurst in pursuit of Hamilton » 257

17. Battle of Preston, and pursuit of Hamilton to Wigan and War-

rington, on the 18th and 19th - 257-267

Nov.

Dec.

13.

1645.

July.

Aug.

29.

Dec.

1645-6.

Feb.

XXX CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

26. Sir Marmaduke Langdale's report of the battle, &c. from his

prison at Nottingham - 267

Oct. 11. Sir Thomas Tyldesley and others, whom Hamilton had left

besieging Lancaster, surrender at Appleby - - 273-276

The children of Lord Derby removed from Knowsley, and im-

1649. prisoned at Liverpool - 282
May 29. Collection ordered for sufferers by distress and pestilence in

Lancashire - - - - - 277

Lt. Col. Rosworm publishes his complaint against the autho-
rities of Manchester - 215-244

July. The Parliament employ Ireton as commissary to treat with

Lord Derby for the surrender of Man - 282

Langdale and Dives sent as commissioners from the Hague to

assist the Earl in Man - 283

July 18. Lord Derby publishes a declaration, by the advice of the com-
missioners, inviting all Lancashire and other Royalists to take

1649-50. shelter in the Isle of Man 284

Feb. 25. Aremarkable appearance of Parhelia at Bolton, Manchester, &c. ib.

1650. July. The imprisonment of the Earl's children approved by Parlia-

ment, as a measure of retaliation for his treatment of prisoners 282

1651. July. Lord Derby reports himself to be in readiness for a descent on

Lancashire, in aid of the irruption of Charles n. - - 284

Aug. 12. Lord Derby and Tyldesley actively engaged in directing em-
barkation of soldiers, &c. and equipment of the vessels
about to sail from Man - - - - 285

CHAP. XV.

Aug. Parliamentary forces collected at Warrington to oppose the

King's advance .-"--- 287

Aug. 12. Charles proclaimed at Lancaster Cross, and lodged at Ashton
Hall, at Mierscough Lodge on the 13th, at Euxton on the
14th, at Bryn on the 15th .... 288-9

1 6. The Royalists pass Warrington Bridge, after skirmishes with
Lambert, who takes a position on Knotsford Heath, Charles
turning off towards Shropshire - - - - 289-294

16. Lord Derby lands in Lancashire, at Wyer Water, and after
joining Charles in Cheshire, is sent back to Lancashire to
recruit ------ 295-297

19. Lilburne appears in force near Middleton, and checks the ex-

cursions of Gen. Massey, who follows Charles to Worcester 295

20. Lilburne's head-quarters at Prescot, and Lord Derby's at

Ormskirk - - - - - 295

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. XXXI

22. Lilburne reinforced from the garrison at Liverpool, and vessels
there sent thence to surprise the frigates left by Lord Derby
in Wyer-water ----- 295

25. Lord Derby, advancing from Preston towards Manchester, is

defeated by Lilburne at Wigan, and Tyldesley slain - 296-307

CHAP. XVI.

Sep. 2. Lord Derby arrives, wounded, at Worcester, on the eve of the
battle, after sheltering himself, in his flight from Wigan, at
Newport and Boscobel - 305

3. Defeat of the Royal Army at Worcester - - 311

The Earl of Derby conducts the King to Boscobel, and moving
northwards with the Scotch fugitives, surrenders to Oliver
Edge, near Nantwich, and is imprisoned at Chester - 311

12. Capture of Lieut. General David Lesley, Middleton and other

Scotch fugitives in Lancashire by General Harrison - 308

Oct. 1. Court Martial at Chester, by which the Earl of Derby is con-
demned to death, and subsequent proceedings - - 312
11. The Earl sends a petition through Lenthall to Parliament,

praying respite or commutation of punishment - - 318

15. Execution of Lord Derby at Bolton le Moors - - 320

GENERAL CONTENTS.

PAGE

PREFATORY MEMOIR - - - - iii

LIST OF TRACTS, ETC. - Xvii

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE - Xxiv

TRACTS, ETC. ----- 1-335

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES - - - 336

GENERAL INDEX ----- 355

TRACTS

EELATING TO MILITARY PROCEEDINGS

IN LANCASHIRE,

DURING THE CIVIL WAR,

FROM MDCXLII. TO MDCLT.

Chapter 3L

PRELIMINARY PETITIONS, ETC. MARCH XII. — JUNE VI. MDCXLII.

OF THE PARLIAMENT MEETING AT WESTMINSTER NOV. III. MDCXL.

Lancashire.
Ralph Ashton, Esquire
Roger Kirby, Esquire

Clithero.
Ralph Ashton, Esquire
Richard Shuttleworth, Gent.

Lancaster.
John Harrison, Knight
Thomas Fanshaw, Esquire

Leverpoole.
John Moore, Esquire
Richard Wyn, Knight & Bart.

Newton.
William Ashurst, Esquire
Roger Palmer, Knight

Preston in Anderness.
Richard Shuttleworth, Esquire
Thomas Standish, Esquire

Wigan.
Orlando Bridgeman, Esquire
Alexander Rigby, Esquire.

PRELIMINARY PETITIONS, ETC.

To the Honorable the House of Commons now assembled in Parlia-
ment, The humble Petition of divers Knights, Esquires, Ministers,
Gentlemen, and Freeholders of the Countie Palatine of Lancaster, 1
Sheweth,

That your petitioners with all the gratitude that thankful hearts can
expresse do acknowledge the fidelitie patience and unparalleld in-
dustry of this Honorable House in the indevours to restore to order
the discomposed condition of this Church and State ; and to put
the same into a way to unitie puretie and peace. For purging the

1 The series of preliminary documents is commenced with this Petition (presented
to the Commons March 12, 1641-2, and preserved among the Broadsides in the British
Museum), as containing the recognition, by the Lancashire Parliamentary party, of
Lord Wharton as lord-lieutenant of that county in place of James, Lord Strange,
nominated by the Commons to the King February 12, and absolutely appointed by
them March 5, 1642, on the King's refusing to sanction the nomination. The ordi-
nance appointing the Parliamentary Lieutenants will be found in Eushworth, part iii.
vol. i. p. 526, with a power to those new officers to appoint such "persons of quality as
to them shall seem meet, to be their deputy lieutenants, to be approved of by both
Houses of Parliament."

Such appointment immediately followed ; and on March 12 the list of Lord Wharton
for Lancashire was approved by the Commons, who recommended to the lord-lieute-
nant, as fit to be added to it, Sir George Booth, Mr. John Moore, Sir Thomas Stanley,
and Mr. Alexander Rigby of Preston, — all afterwards distinguished partizans in the
struggle. To these from time to time others, by successive nominations, were added.
The proceedings and declarations consequent hereon will be found at length in Rush-
worth, among which are more particularly observable the royal proclamation of May
27, forbidding obedience to Parliamentary appointments unsanctioned by the Crown,
and the Parliament's declaration of the same day, commanding obedience of all con-
stables and others to its officers.

The list of deputy-lieutenants, as given in by Lord Wharton, has not occurred ; but
the principal members of the commission (exclusive of those above-named, immediately
added by the Parliament) were, in 1642, Sir Ralph Ash ton of Whalley and Sir Wil-
liam Brereton of Honford, Ralph Ashton of Middleton, John Bradshaw of Bradshaw,

Thomas Byrch of Byrch, Dodding of Conishead, Peter Egerton of Shaw, Robert

Hide of Denton, Edmund Hopwood of Hopwood, Tho. Standish of Duxbury, and
Nicholas Starkie of Huntroyd, Esquires.

PRELIMINARY PETITIONS, ETC. 3

fountaincs of Government and establishing his Majesties royall
throne upon the old and sure foundation of impartiall justice,
nationall lawes and subject's love. For the blessed union of two
kingdomes to the terror of our enemies, the strength and splendor
of both nations. For expunging out of the Church innovations,
and confining Churchmen to their proper functions ; and the future
hopes of a National Synode of able Divines to composse the Civil
Warre of the Church, and settle the differences both of doctrine
and discipline. For restoring to the subjects of this Kingdome
courage, industrie and vivacitie of spirit, by the freedom of their
persons and estates. For settling the present fruition and the
hopes of a lasting possession of these high and unvaluable benefits,
by disposing of the Militia and that of the Kingdom under com-
mand of persons of honour and unquestionable fidelitie, of which
number your petitioners do acknowledge the Noble Lord the L.
Wharton, appointed by Parliament Lord Lievetant of this Countie,
whom with all thankfulnesse they do receive, and according to the
power wherewith he shall be trusted, will ever most readily and
willingly obey. For giving life by Execution to the Lawes
against recusants, and securitie of life to the Protestants by their
disarming, for vindication of the Priviledges of Parliament, (the
finite Basis of this Government, the inheritance of the Subject and
the best guard of his Majestie's Royal person, Crowne, and Dig-
nitie :) So that by the blessing of Almightie God, and the prospe-
rous care of this Honorable House, the practises (whether forraigne
or domestick) of the enemies to this State, shall be averted, de-
tected, and brought to nought.

Yet in regard the course of these greate affaires, so highly con-
cerning the safetie, plentie, and quiet of the Kingdome hath beene
much interrupted by some whose sinister ends or corrupted under-
standings (capable of no amendment) hath made them active for
introduction of publike calamities. And your petitioners being
seated in the mouthe of danger, and having fresh and daily spec-
tacles of the Irish cruelties presented to their eyes, cannot but
chuse but apprehend feare from the noveltie of so great barbarism,

4 PRELIMINARY PETITIONS, ETC.

and lest that kingdome (for want of timely ayds) being lost, the
war (or rather the massacre) should be transported hither from the
opposite shore, where the number of Popish Recusants, and the
opportunity of landing, may invite an invasion, Your Petitioners
do therefore in all humblenesse present to the consideration of this
Honorable Assembly their feares, dangers, and desires ; humbly
praying

That such persons whether Ecclesiastical or Temporall whose
ends and interesses are not the same with the Protestants of this
Kingdome may be removed from the great Counsell of the King-
dome.

That the distractions of the Church may be settled by a National
Synode.

That the number of preaching Ministers may be augmented in
this Countie, and a better distribution of the Church Revenue,
that so the Tithes may not be wholly drawne to the Parish Church,
and the Ministers of the Chappels far distant be exposed to the
exhibition of a poore and ignorant Auditorie.

That as well a provision be made for the distressed (and desti-
tute of all the comforts of this life) our poore brethren of Ireland,
that in multitudes daily arrive in this countie ; as a speedie ayde
advanced to stay the insolencie and crueltie of the enemie, whose
boast it is to make the fruitfull parts of this Kingdome the seat of
warre, when they have cleared that Kingdome from strangers.

That a Fleet of small ships may be appointed for the guard of
this Coast, as well to prevent the ayde and intelligence that may
be given to the Rebells from the Papists of these or any other
parts, as for defence of your Petitioners and other Protestants, his
Majesties faithfull subjects, inhabiting the maritime parts of this
Kingdome, opposite to Ireland.

That the Recusants of this Countie may be disarmed, and such
Ports or other strengths as yet remain in any of their keepings,
may be disposed into the hands of Protestants, and that sufficient
guards may be appointed in places convenient, and the Militia of
the Countie put in a posture of defence of the same.

PRELIMINARY PETITIONS, ETC. 5

That the Petition concerning the breach of privileges at the
Election of Knights for this County (unparaleld by any Election
in tliis Kingdome as your Petitioners beleeve) as also the other
grievances of the Countie (contained in a petition exhibited twelve
months since, and more particularly related in a declaration lately
presented to some members of this Honorable House) may receive
examination and redresse : and that such as shall be found to have
been instruments of bringing in an arbitrary and insolent Govern-
ment may make reparation for the oppressions they have done to
their country, and henceforth be excluded from the exercise of that
authority which (it may be feared) they would again abuse if they
had the like occasion.

And your Petitioners will ever be ready with their lives and
estates to defend His Majesties Royal Person, the persons and
priviledges of the members of this House, the Protestant Religion
and Lawes of this Kingdome, and to bring to condegne punishment
all opposers, as they are bound by their late Protestation ; and
ever to pray for the happy proceedings of this Parliament.
Printed by Felix Kingston, 1641J

1 The following notice of the reception of this Petition is extracted from the Jour-
nals of the Commons :

" The House being informed that divers Gentlemen of the County Palatine of Lan-
cashire were at the Door, who desired to prefer a petition to this House ;

" They were called in and did present their Petition :

" And then they withdrew :

" And their Petition was read :

" They were again called in : And Mr. Speaker told them, ' That the House had
read their Petition ; and do find in it many weighty considerations and great expres-
sions of their care and affection to the Commonwealth, and to this House in particular:
For the particulars mentioned in the Petition, they will take them into consideration.'

" Ordered to be entered." — The Journals of the House of Commons, vol. ii. p. 476, A.
1641, 17 Car I. Sabbati, 12 Martii 1641-2.

b PRELIMINARY PETITIONS, ETC.

II. — The Humble Petition of the Knights, Esquires, Ministers, Gentle-
men, and Freeholders, in the Countie Palatine of Lancaster. Pre-
sented May 2, 1642. With His Majesties Letter to the Major of
Kingston upon Hull, 25 of April (i)64(2). London. Printed
for Andrew Goe, 1642.

To the King^s most excellent Majesty.
The humble Petition of the Knights, Esquires, Ministers, Gentle-
men, Freeholders, in the County Palatine of Lancaster,
Shewing unto Your sacred Majestic Our heart-breaking sence, and
sorrow, for the unhappy Rents and Distraction in your Majesties
Dominions ; especially in the Session of so grave and religious an
Assembly, and most graciously convened by your Majesty ; endea-
vouring the glory of Almighty God, in the Reformation of Reli-
gion, and the Honour and Weale of your Majesties Realmes, in
settling and securing your Royall Throne in plenty and peace.

But perceiving the long and remote distance of your Majesty
from the Honorable Assembly, to have distracted the hearts of
your good Subjects, and animated the Popish and malignant party
amongst us, and fearing it may expose us to the fury of a Forraigne
Foe, retard the setling of the waighty Affaires of our land and the
subduing of the Rebels in Ireland, and finding your Majesties late
Resolution for the Expedition to threaten danger to your Royall
person, farre more worth than 10,000 of us : We therefore your
Majesties most loyall Subjects, out of the zeale to Gods true Reli-
gion your Majesties honour and safety and the peace and welfare
of your Dominions, out of the deepe sence and apprehension, of
our intrust in the same, do in all humility present and prostrate
ourselves and supplications at your Royall feete, beseeching your
Majesty to return to your great Councell, and there present a live
body of the Kingdome, in whom the nation hath so far confided,
that they have intrusted them with their lives, libertees, and
estates, and in which multitude of counsellors there is health and
steadfastnesse, and whereby your Throne may be established in
righteousnesse ; And we with the rest of your faithfull Subjects,
shall continually praise and pray for your prosperous and happy
Raigne over us.

PRELIMINARY PETITIONS, ETC.

III.

Die Sabbati, 28 Maii 1642.
An Order of the Lords and Commons in Parliament to the Sheriff of
the County of Lancaster, and all other Sheriffs and Lord Lieute-
nants and Deputy Lieutenants in the Kingdom of England, and
Dominion of Wales.

Whereas it appears that the King seduced by wicked Councell
intends to make War against the Parliament, and under the colour
of a Guard to secure His Roy all Person, doth command Troops
both of Horse and Foot, to assemble at York : All which is against
the Laws of the Kingdom, tending to the dissolution of the Par-
liament, and destruction of His People.

It is therefore Ordered by the Lords and Commons in Parlia-
ment, that the Sheriff of the County of Lancaster and all other
Sheriffs of the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales, shall
by the power of that County, and of their several Counties res-
pectively, suppresse the raising and coming together of any Soul-
diers, Horse, or Foot, by any Warrant, Commission, or Order
from His Majesty without the advice and consent of the Lords
and Commons in Parliament ; and that all persons whatsoever do
forbear to execute any such Commission or Warrant for levying
Souldiers or gathering them together without consent of Parlia-
ment ; And those who shall execute or obey any such Commission
or Warrant, are hereby declared to be disturbers of the Peace of
the Kingdom. And the Lord Lievtenant of the County of Lan-
caster, and all other Lords Lievtenants of all other Counties in the
Kingdom of England or Dominion of Wales, respectively, As
likewise all Deputy Lievtenants, Captains, and Officers of the
Trained Bands ; And all Mayors, Justices of Peace, and other his
Majesties loving Subjects, are hereby commanded and required to
be ayding and assisting to the said Sheriff of the County of Lan-
caster ; and to the other Sheriffs of the other Counties of this

8 PRELIMINARY PETITIONS, ETC.

Kingdom and of the Dominion of Wales : And that his Majesties
loving subjects may the better understand what the Law and their
own Duty is in this behalf. The said Sheriff of Lancaster and
other Sheriffs of the other Counties of this Kingdom, respectively,
shall cause this present Order, forthwith to be published in the
severall Market Townes within their said Counties.

Joh. Brown, Cler. Parliamen.
London, Printed for Joseph Hanscott. 1642.

IV.

The Petition of divers of Ms Majesties faithfull Subjects of the true
Protestant Religion in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Presented
to his Majestie at York the last of May by the High Sheriffe of
that County , and divers other Gentlemen of Qualitie, And subscribed
by 64 Knights and Esquires, 55 Divines, 740 Gentlemen, and of
Freeholders and others above 7000. With his Majesties Answer,
June 6, 1642. London: Printed by Robert Barker, Printer to
the King's Most Excellent Majestie, and by the Assignes of
John Bill, mdcxlii.

To the Sacred Majestie of our most Gracious Soveraign Lord
Charles by the Grace of God of England, Scotland, France, and
Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, &c*

1 This petition was drawn up by Richard Heyrick, sometime Fellow of All Souls'
College, Oxford, and Warden of Manchester, and is mentioned by him in a sermon
preached before the House of Commons, May 27, 1646. It was presented May 31 by
him and " John Bradshaw of Bradshaw Esq. and very many gentlemen and others of
the town and country" (Hollinworth's Mancuniensis, 120), and " was crossed by a sug-
gestion at the Court that the petition was not the petition of the county, but of a party,
and that there would come shortly up another petition." The royal answer accord-
ingly was not given to the sheriff, Sir John Girlington, before June 6.

See some interesting remarks on this petition in Hibbert's Public Foundations of
Manchester, i. 188-92, 240.

PRELIMINARY PETITIONS, ETC. \)

The humble Gratulation and Petition of divers his Majesties
faithful Subjects of the true Protestant Religion, within the
County Palatine of Lancaster.

Most Gracious Soveraign,

The most reall and convincing Testimonies of Your Princelie
care for the advancement of God's true Religion in your Majesties
Realms, and the common good of all your Subjects, could no lesse
then draw from us (who have hitherto in these stirring times sat
still) this humble acknowledgement of our due and necessary
thanks.

We, with the inmost and choicest thoughts of our souls, do
esteem and prize Your Majesties most righteous intentions of
governing Your Liege People according to the wholesome Laws
of this Kingdom, a thing so often, and with such earnestnesse
avowed by Your Sacred Majestie, whereunto we yeeld that heartie
credence, which is due to so Religious and Righteous a Prince ;
We do also with all humility and thankfulnesse, acknowledge
Your manifold and evident manifestations to the world, that You
affect not an Arbitrary Government, but the common prosperitie
and happinesse of all Your loyall Subjects, by Your readinesse to
joyn with Your Parliament in a speedie raising of Forces, for a
timely suppression of that odious Rebellion in Ireland ; by Your
late Proclamation, for the putting in due execution the Laws
against Papists; by Your most gracious condescending to the
desires of Your great Councell, in signing the Bills for the Trien-
niall Parliament ; for relinquishing Your Title of Imposing upon
merchandize, and Power of pressing Souldiers ; for the taking
away of the Star-Chamber and High Commission Courts ; for the
Regulating of the Councell Table ; as also the Bills for the For-
rests, and Stannarie Courts, with other most necessary Arts :
Moreover, we are confident, and well assured of Your Majesties
zeal, for the advancement of the true Protestant Religion, and
with inexpressible joy do understand Your most Christian and
Pious Resolution, for the preservation of those powerfull en-

10 PRELIMINARY PETITIONS, ETC.

couragements of Industrie, Learning and Pietie, the Means and
Honour of the Ministerie, for the maintainance and continuance of
our Church Government, and Solemn Liturgie of the Church, of
long continued and generall Approbation of the most Pious and
Learned of this nation, and of other Countries, composed according
to the Primitive Patern, by our blessed Martyrs, and other Reli-
gious and Learned men : As also Your gracious pleasure, that all
abuses of Church and State shall be reformed, according to the
modell of Queen Elizabeths dayes, of ever blessed and famous
memory ; By the one, You have weakened the hopes of the sacri-
legious Devourers of the Churches Patrimonie ; (if there be any
such) And by the other, at once provided against all Popish Im-
pieties and Idolatries, and also against the growing danger of
Anabaptists, Brownists, and other Novellists ; all which Pietie,
Love, and Justice, we beseech God to return into Your Royall
Bosome. But yet (most Gracious Soveraign) there is one thing
that sads our hearts, and hinders the perfection of our happinesse,
which is, the distance and misunderstanding between Your Ma-
jestie and Your Parliament, whereby the hearts of Your Subjects
are filled with Feares and Jealousies, Justice neglected, Sacred
Ordinances prophaned, and Trading impaired, to the impoverishing
of many of Your Liege people: For the removall whereof we
cannot find out any lawfull meanes without Your Majesties Assist-
ance and Direction.

Wherefore we humbly beseech Your most Excellent Majestie to
continue your most Christian and Pious resolution of ruling Your
People according to the Laws of the Land, and maintaining of
the same, of being a zealous Defender of the established Doctrine,
Liturgie, and Government of our Church, from Heresie, Liberti-
nisme, and Prophanenesse, an Advancer of Learning, Pietie and
Religion, an Encourager of painfull Orthodox Preachers ; And
whatsoever Your Parliament shall offer to Your Boyall view, con-
ducing to this blessed end, the common good, and tranquillitie of
Your Subjects, to be pleased to condescend unto, and graciously to
confirm : And withall to declare unto us some expedient way, how

PRELIMINARY PETITIONS, ETC. 11

we may make a dutifull Addresse unto Your Parliament, for the
taking away of those Differences and Impediments, which stay the
happie proceedings of that most Honourable Assembly, whereof
Your Majestie is the Head, (which once removed, we doubt not
but You will speedily be as neer Your Parliament in Person, as in
affection, that there may be a blessed harmonie between Your
Highnesse and that great Councell) And we shall with all alacritie
observe the same, humbly tendring our Lives and Fortunes for the
preservation of Your Royall Person, Crown, and Dignitie, accord-
ing to our bounden Dutie and Alleagiance ; And heartily praying
for Your Majesties long and prosperous Reign over us.

At the Court at York, 6 June, 1642,

His Majestie hath commanded me to give you this His Answer
to your Petition.

That He is very glad to find such reall acknowledgements of
those great Graces which He hath bountifully bestowed upon this
His kingdom of England, in the time of this Parliament, and like-
wise it is a great contentment to Him to find so many true Sons
of the Church of England, as by your expressions in the said Peti-
tion doth plainly appear to Him ; Assuring you that He shall not
yeeld in His Zeal and Constancie for the maintenance of the true
Protestant Profession, neither to Queen Elizabeth, nor to His
Father of ever blessed memory, both against Popish Superstition
on the one side, and Schismaticall Innovation and Confusion on
the other. In the last place, as He doth take in very good part
your desire of a good understanding between His Majestie and
His two Houses of Parliament ; so likewise, He cannot but much
commend the way that you take therein. And as for your Direc-

12 PRELIMINARY PETITIONS, ETC.

tions, if you will but seriously consider His Majesties just and
necessary desires, expressed in His Answers and Declarations since
His coming to York, your zeal and knowledge will not need more
particular Instructions to make such Addresses to both Houses of
Parliament as the times require, and befitting such loyall and true
affected Subjects to your King and Countrey, as this Petition ex-
presseth you to be.

Chapter M.

MUSTERS OF THE ARRAY AND MILITIA MUTUAL ATTEMPTS TO SECURE

MAGAZINES INTENDED BANQUET TO LORD STRANGE AT MANCHESTER,

AND CONSEQUENT AFFRAY AND BLOODSHED PARLIAMENTARY IM-
PEACHMENT OF THAT NOBLEMAN ROYAL COMMISSION FOR ARMING

RECUSANTS, AND PARLIAMENTARY ORDERS FOR DEFENCE OF MAN-
CHESTER.

JUNE— SEPTEMBER, MDCXLII.

Lamentable and Sad Newes from the North, viz. YorJce, Lancaster,
Darby and Newcastle, sent in a Letter from a Gentleman resident
in YorJce, to his friend living in Lumbar d Street. Also Strange
Newes from Leicester how Colonell Lunsford, Captain Legg, and
Mr. Hastings have appeared in a warlike manner, with a true
discovery of their intention and the manner of the opposition by the
Earle of Stanfoord, Lord Lieutenant of that County. London,
Printed for G. Thomlinson and T. Watson. 1642. 1

Sir. According to my engagements when I was at London, I can
do no lesse than advertise you of our newest newes at YorJce. ....
the whole City and County of YorJce is frustrate of that happines
and fruition, which we might by the providence of God enjoy.
But now to the terror and amazement of all true harted protestants,
other neighbouring Counties are like (without the aboundant

1 The meeting on Preston Moor, convened by the Sheriff, is said to have been
attended by Lord Strange (the Royalist Lord Lieutenant), Lord Molineux, Sir George
Middleton of Leighton, and Sir Edward Fitton of Gawsworth. The commission of
array was announced by him as directed to Lord Strange, himself, Sir George Middle-
ton, Sir Alexander Radclyffe of OrdshalL Mr. Tyldesley (then resident at Mierscough),
and Mr. William Farrington. After the meeting, the Sheriff seized, in the king's name,
the magazine at Preston, and the Lord Strange that of Liverpool ; on the communica-
tion of which event, by Rigby, to the deputy lieutenants in and near Manchester, the
proceedings took place detailed in the next tract. (See Hibbert's Hist, of the Collegiate
Church, i. 192.)

14 MUSTERS OF THE ARRAY AND MILITIA.

mercy of God) to bee sharers of this dolefull tragedy now acting
in the North, for they have already begun their desperate inten-
tions in Lancaster, as may appeare by the Lord Strange his
carriadge there, where with a company of about 700 men hath by
vertue of the Commission of Array, disposed of some part of the
Magazine there, and hath opposed the Deputy Lieftenant, ap-
pointed by the ordinance for the Militia, for putting the same in
execution, and likewise it plainly appears by his Majestie's letter to
Sir John Gerlinton the high Sheriffe of that County to sum up all
protestant Subjects with all speed at Preston, to heare his Majestie's
two declarations and the Lancashire petition to the king and his
Majestie's answer thereunto, some of the Committees for Lancaster
desired the forbearance of them to be read, but hee in contempt of
their order from the Parliament departed with some of his friends
and cryed out, all that are for the king go with us, crying " for
the king, for the king," and so about 400 Persons, whereof the
most part of them were popish .Recusants, went with him and ridde
up and downe the moore and cryed, " for the king, for the king,"
but far more in number stayed with the Committee and prayed for
the uniting of the king and Parliament with a generall acclamation,
so that 'tis thought, since the Committees going there, it hath
wonderfully wrought upon the hearts of the people; but upon
contempt of the committee Sir John Gerlinton, Sir George Mid-
dleton, and Sir Edward Fitton are sent for to the House as delin-
quents, and for Manchester, they all stand upon their own guard,
with their shops shut up, well affected to the king's Majesty and
both his Houses of Parliament, in opposition of any that shall
oppose them, and the country round adjoyning, are very observant
to any command, to be in readinesse to attend there or elsewhere
for the defence of their countrey, lives, liberties, and estates, and
the defence of the true protestant religion with their lives and all
that is theirs, so that it is now probable that the Lord Strange hath
dismissed the most part of his men, and is weary of what hee hath
begun, seeing no more supply come to his Lordship, and heareing
of the stay of some of his engines of warre, to bee sent to him

MUTUAL ATTEMPTS TO SECURE MAGAZINES. 15

stayed at the bell-savage fleet bridge according to his expectation.
We also credibly heare the Colonel Lunsford and Captain Legge
have appeared at Leicester with about 500 men, .... but what the
event will be the Lord knowes.

We also heare from Newcastle that the Earle of Newcastle hath
placed about 500 men in garrison, seeing such strange com-
bustions beginning to arise. Thus having certified you of the
truest newes that is now amongst us, which I pray God in his good
time to cease all such turbulent and malicious disturbers of this
commonwealth, with my best respects to your selfe and love to all
my friends, with the next convenience you shall heare from me.
In the mean time I take my leave and rest. Your assured loving
friend, Will. Lenkinson. 1

VI.

Severall Letters from the Committees in severall Counties [to the
Honourable William Lenthall Esquire, Speaker of the House of Com-
mons, read in both Houses of Parliament June 27, 1642. Wherein
{amongst divers other Passages very remarkable) is related how the
Townsmen of Manchester put themselves into arms, and stood upon
their defence against the Lord Strange and his Forces who came to
seize on the Magazine.

With an intercepted Letter from Sir Edward Fitton to Sir Thomas
Aston at York : Discovering a fowl design of the malignant Party.
Whereunto is added severall Votes of both Houses.

Die Lunw 27 Junii 1642. Ordered by the Lords and Commons
in Parliament that these votes and four Letters be forthwith
Printed and Published.

Joh. Brown, Cler. Parliamentorum.

London, Printed for Joseph Hunscott and John Wright. 1642.

1 The parts omitted, marked by breaks, do not relate to Lancashire.

16 MUTUAL ATTEMPTS TO SECURE MAGAZINES.

To the Honourable William Lenthall Esquire, Speaker of
the House of Commons, these present.

Honourable Sir,

The high Sheriff of Lancashire having surprized the powder and
match at Preston as you have received Advertisements by a letter
herewith sent from M. Bigby, who instantly gave notice thereof to
M. Ashton of Middleton, for prevention of the like in Manchester,
where 10. barrels of Powder, and some few bundles of match were
lodged in a room of a house 1 belonging to the Lord Strange and
by him lent for the keeping thereof: M. Ashton forthwith repaired
to Manchester, 2 and then Sir Alexander Batcliffe, and M. Thomas
Prestwich, two of the Commissioners in the Commission of Array
from the King, and M. Nicholas Mosley, and Thomas Danson the
under Sheriff endeavoured to take away that Powder and Match,
but were prevented by M. Ashton, who, with Sir Thomas Stanley,
and others Deputy Lievtenants, took it, and removed it into other
places of the Town : and thereupon my lord Strange, who had upon
Munday last seized and taken away above 30 Barrels of Powder,
and a great quantity of Match from Leverpool, parcell of the
Countries Magazine, did, with many armed Forces, repair to a
Town called Bury, near Manchester, but 20 miles distant from his
own house. This appearance of his, strook a great terrour and
amazement into the Countray, so that instantly, for their safety
and defence, the Townsmen of Manchester put themselves into

1 The residence of the former priests of the dissolved college of Manchester, now
known as Chetham's Hospital, and then (under grant from the crown) the property of
the Earl of Derby.

8 The visit of Mr. Ashton of Middleton (afterwards colonel-general) was a con-
sequence of the circular address to the parliamentary deputy lieutenants (printed in the
Valley of Achor, following), issued by their friends in Manchester, on hearing from
Rigby of the seizures of magazines at Preston and Liverpool, as mentioned in p. 13.
In the same Tract will be found the announcement issued by the deputy lieutenants on
taking into their hands the magazine of Manchester.

Other particulars respecting the fortifying of Manchester by the lieutenancy, on this
emergency, under apprehension of an attack by Lord Strange, from Bury, will be found
in Hibbert's Manch. Coll. Ch. i. 196.

MUTUAL ATTEMPTS TO SECURE MAGAZINES. 17

Arms, and many of the parts Adjacent came voluntarily in unto
them for their assistance ; being come together we and divers others
of the Deputy Lievtenants mustered and trained them, and with
them began to execute our instructions for the Militia, and then
stood in a posture of defence, as yet we do : And we and our
fellow Deputy Lievtenants, though our Forces were for the present
much stronger than those of the Lord Strange, as we doubt not he
well understood, did nevertheless, for prevention of effusion of
blood, send unto him upon Thursday last two, and yesterday three
of our selves to treat with him, and to attone the businesse : the
result of these Treaties was, That his Lordship offered, That if we
would return the Powder and Match into his hands, in the place
from whence it was taken, then he would deposite them into the
hands of some of us, and of M. Bobert Holt, one of his own Deputy
Lievtenants by Commission from the King ; whereunto we and
our fellow Deputy Lievtenants could not assent, so that upon
those treaties, in those two dayes nothing is yet done therein ;
however, yesterday the Lord Strange dismissed divers of his Forces,
so that but few men did yesterday appear about him, which occa-
sioned us and our fellow Deputy Lievtenants to suffer many of
our Forces which came out of the neighbouring Towns, to return
to their own houses ; and this morning we have again for the like
purpose as formerly, sent to his Lordship one of ourselves, who is
not yet returned ; and since whose departure from us, we hear
that there are new Proclamations sent from York, to be published
in this County, against us and our proceedings upon your Instruc-
tions ; that the King will be suddenly here with us, with great
Forces ; but yet we have not seen or heard any of these Proclama-
tions. We have this week discovered a foul designe, by a letter
from Sir Edward Fitton, of Gawsworth in Cheshire, Baronet,
directed to Sir Thomas Aston, and intercepted by us ; which Letter
we have here inclosed sent unto you, having no other information
touching the Contents of that Letter but what is therein con-
tained, save onely that Sir Edward Fitton came yesterday very
uncivilly amongst us and our fellow Deputy Lievtenants, and re-

18 MUTUAL ATTEMPTS TO SECURE MAGAZINES.

quired the Letter ; and he and M. Peter Danyell the younger have
given out great threats against some of us for taking and detain-
ing that Letter. Our high Sheriff, and his fellow Commissioners
of Array, will readily, as we conceive alwayes upon all occasions,
endeavour the power of the County against our proceedings upon
your Instructions. These are all whereof we can for the present
advertise you, onely in regard we dayly expect and fear great
Insurrections of popish Protestant professors, Papists, and other
malignant persons ; which to prevent, as also to strengthen us in
our proceedings in the Militia, we should infinitely rejoyce in the
presence of the Lord Wharton oui* Lievtenant and such other
speedy assistance as you should hold meet for.

Your most humble and
faithfull Servants,

Raphe Assheton,
Manchester in Lincolnshire, 2 John Moore,

25 of June, 1642. Alex. Rigby. 1

For his truly honoured Friend, Sir Thomas Aston, Baronet, at
his lodging, York ; present these 27 Junii 1642.

Noble Sir,

I shall ever acknowledge it as an honour done unto me your

poor Kinsman and servant, as that you did own me, in being so

noble and friendly unto me while I continued at York. As also

the favour you did me, in bringing me to kisse the hands of him,

1 Rigby's Letter to the Speaker, giving an account of the proceedings of the Royal-
ists and Lord Strange at the meeting on Preston Moor (dated June 24, 1642) is printed
in Baines's Lancashire, iv. 312.

8 So printed, by error, in the original.

MUTUAL ATTEMPTS TO SECURE MAGAZINES. 19

to whom my life, my fortunes, and all that hath dependance on
me, hath been ever, and ever shall be laid at His Majesties feet, to
do him what service I am able. Sir, this day I have met with my
fellow Commissioners concerning the Subsidies now in hand ; we
have chosen a Collector for the gathering of them, and appointed
the Country, that they should with all convenient speed pay in
the money ; which I doubt not but will be within the compasse of
a fortnight. I moved the Commissioners, that the Collectors
should keep the money in their hands : But I found they were
unwilling of it; I did not presse them over much to it, in regard
that this money is to be paid into the Lord Major of YorJces hands ;
as also Yorkshire, Cumberland, and Westmerland, with many other
Counties. If you look into the Act, it will better satisfie you,
Sir, I conceive, that if His Majestie would be pleased to send to
the Lord Major of York, and the Citizens, that they should not
part with the moneys untill they knew his farther pleasure, it
might more properly be staid there than here, until His Majestie
be satisfied, that the money go the true way it was intended. But
if His Majestie like not that way, and I might know the way how
for to stop it here, I would zealously perform it in what lyes in
my power : And I hope His Majestie will send me a Commission
for the acting what I do.

Sir William Brereton will be upon Saturday (as I hear) at
Chester, to settle the Militia of this County for the Parliament if
he can ; you know what a spirit he is of, and having a company of
Roundheads about him, may much advantage him about Chester ;
he is so near unto his Decoy, that he may send out his Ducks
every way to fetch in others : what will be done in contradiction
of him, I know not ; for I hear nothing of my Lord Strangers
stirring yet, nor of any Commission that is come from him. (Sir)
I may assure you that the major part of this Hundred of Man-
chester, where I live, will stand right. And now I will trouble
you no further ; only this I should wish from you, to favour me
with three or four lines by this Bearer, to know what service I
may do unto my King : And that you will be pleased if there be

20 DIURNALL OF OCCURRENCES

any news stirring to impart some of it unto me, and I shall acknow-
ledge it as an extreme favour done unto me ; And ever remain
Your Kinsman and most true Servant,

Edward Fitton.

If my Lord Rivers be at Court, I beseech you present my most
humble service to him.

Gawsworth, 22 June 1642.

*** The rest of this Pamphlet does not relate to Lancashire.

VII.

A True and Perfect Diurnall of all the Chiefe Passages in Lanca-
shire from the 3 July to the 9. Sent to five Shopkeepers in London
from a friend, July 9, 1642. London, printed for T. IT. 1642.

A true and perfect Diurnall of all chiefe passages in Lancashire
from the 3 of July to the 9.

At the intreaty of Master Rigbie (my noble friend) I went along
with him to Manchester, and there I saw the Militia put in execu-
tion, and there was a strong appearance, in number 7 or 8000,
well furnished with musketts and pikes, and compleatly trained by
the Captains that were there, and there was a greate shout for
halfe an houre i( for the King and Parliament, for the King and
Parliament" and at night they were dismist. Master Rigbie told me
as we went along that they sent a letter unto him from Manchester
upon Saturday in the night, and the messenger came unto him
about one a clock : the contents of the letter was to meet the rest
of the Committee at Manchester, upon Munday betimes. So he
wrote an answer by the same messenger who stayed at Walton by
a watch which was set by Sir Gilbert Houghton, before whom they
brought him, and he delivered him Master Rigbie '$ letter, and upon

FROM JULY 3 TO JULY 9. 21

Sunday in the morning Sir Gilbert sent for M. Rigbie, and being
come he told him he had a Commission from the King to break
open all such letters ; Master Rigbie asked him if he had taken the
protestation, and he told him he had. Then he demanded his
letter of him in the name of all the Commons of England ; and
further told him, if he broke it open, it might be he might be the
first man that should be made an example in Lancashire ; and then
he delivered him his letter unbroken up, and intreated him to stay
and dine with him, which he did ; and when they were at dinner
one M. Dawton, a great recusant, and M. Tylsley, came in as fami-
liarly to Sir Gilbert, as if they had been Haile fellow, well met.
And M. Rigbie told Gilbert and M. Tylsley, he could like them
well, if they were not so familiar with Papists. This day after the
company was dismist, the Committee sate some four houres ; M.
Ashton, M. Rigbie, and M. Shuttleworth, and the Gentlemen that
were with them, viz. Sir George Booth, a Cheshire Knight, Sir
Thomas Stanley, M. Howcroft, M. Holland, M. StarMe.

Tuesday, July 5.

This day the Committee and the said Gentlemen sate from eight
in the morning till eight at night, and about three of the clock
they sent out a Serjeant at Arms, which came from the parliament
with an order to my L. Strange to deliver the Magazine again to
the severall townes from whence he had taken it, but M. Rigbie
told me this day, being Thursday, that he had heard nothing from
the Serjeant, nor from the messenger that went with him : They
went to a place called Knutsforth in Cheshire, where it is thought
my Lord would be, for there he did intend this day to assemble
great forces, but Master Rigbie told me there was not past 600,
and I thinke my Lord was not there himself.

Wednesday, July 6.

As I returned home from Manchester to Preston, in Walton I
overtooke M. Kirbie, the Knight of our Shire, and there was in
liis companie one Chorley of Chorley, (a seducing Papiste, a fit com-

22 DIURNALL OF OCCURRENCES

panion for so lukewarm a Protestant) and these were very familiar
together. M. Kerbie asked me what companie there was there ; I
told him trulye, and in scorne he told me that the Lord Strange
did heare that there was a Serjeant come from the Parliament for
him, and because they should not thinke he would flee from him,
he staid at Knowsley to give him entertainment if he came, but
what entertainment he did meane, I cannot tell. A false mes-
senger came this day to Sir Gilbert Houghton, and told him that
the Lord Wharton was come to Manchester with 20,000 men,
whereupon he sent with all speede to all his tenants, and com-
manded them, that they should be readie upon an hower's warning,
and set a stronge watch about his house, but I thinke there was no
brags in our towne for that day. Then they let honest Protest-
ants go through the streets without scoffing at them, and calling
them Roundheads, and Tylsley posted up and downe in great feare :
it was well if he kept all cleane : and how should it be otherwise,
seeing they oppose the King's Majesties Roy all Authority, in the
High Court of Parliament, the old and good government of Eng-
land, the libertie of the subject, the peace and welfare of this land,
yea and the pure Protestant religion itselfe, of which when their
consciences accuse them, they are filled with guilt and feare, and
so cannot stand before God and his armie. If the Knight of this
Shire had been at Manchester, you would have seen him here this
week's end, they would have sent him up unto you. One of his
bum-bailies came bragging to M. Bigbie as soon as were lighted,
and told him he was a coming, but it was too good news to be
true, he dare not show his face there.

Thursday, July 7.

This day it is reported, that the King made towards Hull with all
his forces upon Tuesday last, and swore he would either take the
towne or leave his bones under the walls ; but Sir John Hotham
drawing up the sluce, his Majesty retreated, as there is a book in
print to that purpose. They say my Lord Digbie is with him for
certain, and that there were two ships coming for York from Hoi-

FROM JULY 3 TO JULY 9. 23

land with 300,000 li, and laden also with munition, but were met
by the Kings Ships under the command of the Earle of Warwick.
The one of the two overran them, and the other they ran ashore,
neere unto Hull in a creeke butt. Of this I believe you have
heard more fully then I. My Lord Strange this night is at Walton,
with Sir Gilbert Houghton, and the High Sheriffe, and Tylsley is
there, and they have commanded all betwixt 16 and 60 to be at
Preston tomorrow, with the best armes they have. My Lord in-
tends to be there himselfe, but what the event will be, I cannot
yet tell. The Sheriffe hath been with the Lord Strange all this
weeke : I beleeve hee's the refuge he flyeth unto when he is in
danger.

Friday, July 8.
Yesterday it was commonly reported M. Pym was run from
Parliament, which gave great heartning to the malignant party,
but by the Diurnall I see it is false. M. Tylsley yesterday night
said unto Luke Hodgkinson in Sir Gilberfs buttery that he was
told M. Major of Preston had thought to have cast him in Prison,
which if he had he would this day have pulled downe the prison,
and M. Major's house should have been set on fire, if he would not
have released him. Truly it were well if the Parliament would
send for this Tylsley, for he is a Captaine, one of the Commission
of array, and doth more harme than any man I know. Yester-
night when the Lord Strange was at supper he received a packet
of letters from York, what they were I cannot tell. This day in
the morning I spoke with the Serjeant, and he hath delivered the
order from the Houses to the L. Strange, and he first told him he
would return an answer by word of mouth by him, and afterwards
he told him he would send an answer himselfe to Parliament.
Five men gave one Roger Haddock of Chorley very sore strokes
and broke his head to the very scull, because he went with the
Serjeant as a messenger to shew him my Lord's house. The
soldiers are all marched out of the Towne to the number of 4000,
as I thinke, but the poste is in going, and what this day will bring
forth I cannot tell, but they say they shout " for the King, and

24 DIURNALL OF OCCURRENCES.

my Lord Strange/ 1 and the Sheriffe have set foure barrels of beere
abroache at the high Crosse to make the soldiers drinke as they
returne backe. The Serjeant is here to arrest the Sheriffe, but it
is to no purpose till the company be gone. If the Lord Strange,
the Sheriffe, Sir Geo. Middelton and Tylsley were with you, we
should all be quiet. Here are many Papists ; I beleeve a cata-
logue of the names of the cheefe of them are sent up. Tylsley's
Lieutenant and one of his Serjeants are Papists. I shall write
you more of this dayes proceeding, the next poste my Lord is with
them over the moore. Read this letter be sure to M. W. my bro-
ther W provide for our safety : we are beset with Papists : I dare
not go to the Moore, but my .... was there, and they told him he
was a roundhead, and swore they would kill him. So he came
from amongst them. I am in haste. Vale.

Friday the 8 of July
1642.

VIII.

The Beginning of Civil Warres in England, or terrible news from
the North. Printed by order of Parliament. July 9, 1642.

The Malignant Party of this Kingdom hath for a long time con-
tinued in their wicked and damnable designs ; insomuch that their
impudence is grown to such a height, that they are not ashamed to

1 The editor has only been able to meet with a republication of this tract in Palmer's
Siege of Manchester, but is assured by Mr. Palmer that it is exactly given. It is thought
right to insert it, as being a Parliamentary publication, and that readers may exercise
their own judgment on it ; but so far as the editor can judge, it is correctly charac-
terized by Mr. Hibbert as a base attempt to excite the country against Lord S. by the
most untrue and calumnious reports. (Manch. Coll. Ch. i. 197.) If otherwise, it would
be difficult to suppose that the events would have been overlooked in the preceding
" Diurnall," in the Valley of Achor, and in the Impeachment of Lord Strange, — the

TERRIBLE NEWS FROM THE NORTH. 25

make their intentions publickly known to the whole world, as may-
appear by the ensuing Relation.

Upon the 4th of this instant Month of July, 1 642, the Lord
Strange came from York, and approached near the Town of Man-
chester with a great number of Armed Men, and, coming neer the
Town, he sent to the Inhabitants thereof to know their Minds,
whether they would agree to the Propositions which he had sent
them two or three days before for the restoring of the Magazine
which were in that Town to his own Custody, threatening them that
if they would not, he would send such a Messenger that would
make them Yield, and bring them in due Subjection.

The Inhabitants having received this Message Resolved to send
their Answer unto him, which they did accordingly, that for the
Magazine which was in that Town, they would not restore it to
him, it being the only safeguard and Defence they had.

And they likewise declared that if his Lordship did take any
other Course to seize upon it violently, they would loose their dear-
est lives in defence thereof, by reason the Country was in such a
great distraction and perplexity that they did not know how soon
they might be dispossest of all they had, if so be they had not
Arms to defend themselves withall.

The Lord Strange having received this Answer and hearing what
their resolution and intention were, hee was much perplexed in
mind, drawing all his forces together, he marched against the said

two last of which record the affray on the 15th connected with Lord Strange's passage
through Manchester from Bury to the proposed banquet, and very different proceedings,
but notice no earlier bloodshed on the 5th, or anything according with the statements
here given. The tract is alluded to in Manchester's Resolution following, and one passage
quoted from it, but it is by no means cited as unquestionable authority.

Another tract on this subject, in the late collection of Mr. Hey wood, has eluded the
editor's enquiries, but was probably little more than another edition of the present.
The title is subjoined :

" The beginning of the Civil Warres in England, or a Skirmish between Lord
Strange and the Inhabitants of Manchester in Lancashire, July 14(4 ?) &c. Likewise
a letter which the Lord Strange sent to the Gentry of Manchester, July 5, with their
Answer, together with the Parliament declaration concerning the said Lord. Ordered
to be printed. Hen. Elsyng, Cler. Pari. D. Com. London, Tompson, July 9, 1642."

26 TERRIBLE NEWS FROM THE NORTH.

Towne of Manchester, and shot off three or four Muskets against
them, but the Inhabitants seeing that he were come, and that hee
were resolved to take away the Magazine by force, understanding
his full intention by the Messengers which Came from him, they
Resolved every Man to fight it out.

Whereupon each Man stood upon his own guard, and about 9 of
the Clock in the Morning of the 5th day of this present Month
the Lord Strange came with his forces against the Town, and
would have entered, but they kept him out by force, but Captain
Smith, being in the front, gave a fierce firing against the Inhabit-
ants of Manchester, but was answered with most puissant Courage
again, and slew two of the Lord's Men.

Whereupon a great and furious Skirmish did ensue ; the Lord
Strange having besieged the Town, he began to give Battell
against them ; but the Inhabitants being true within themselves,
ordered the business so well, that they drew out ten small Compa-
nies, and set them in a faire Battalion against them, answering
each other very furiously at the first ; but after some two or three
houres skirmish, there were Seven more of the Lord Strange's
Men Slain, and two of the Inhabitants of Manchester ; onely one
Master Band was shot in the Thigh. After they had ceased two
or three houres, they ended the Battle with the Sun of the Day,
the Lord Strange withdrawing his forces about two Miles from
Manchester ; having lost, as is justly supposed, 27 Men ; of the
other Side 11. Capt. Band is well recovered again, praised be God.

Wee expect daily when the Lord Strange will visit us again ;
but I hope the Lord will enable us against his Coming. They
gave out Many threatening Speeches against us, and it is thought
here that he hath sent for many more forces towards York.

The Lord Rivers gives out many Scandalous Speeches against
us, and striveth by all Means he possibly can, to set the Whole
country against us.

This is the beginning of Civill Warre, being the first stroke
that hath been struck, and the first Bullet that hath been shot ;
but God knowes when the ending will be, or when the troubles of

TERRIBLE NEWS FROM THE NORTH. 27

this Kingdom will grow to a period. Many thousands I doubt
will loose their Lives, before that this Kingdom will be settled in
peace and unity, as it hath bin formerly ; for no man knoweth the
Cruelty of War, but those that have felt and tried it ; for when
that time cometh, many a child will be Fatherlesse, and many a
poore wife Husbandlesse.

But God of his great Mercy stop the Sword from going any fur-
thur, and as it is but a little way drawn, so Lord I beseech thee
sheath it again, before that it be drawn any further, that so by
that Means the Walls of Syon may not be beaten down, nor
destroyed.

It is ordered that the Lord Strange be required to deliver that
part of the Magazine of the County of Lancaster into the hands of
the Deputy Lieutenants.

Ordered that this be printed and published

John Brown, Cler. Pari.

IX.

Manchesters Resolution against the Lord Strange, with the Parlia-
ments endeavour and care for the prevention of such sad Calamities
that may ensue upon the Nation, by their severall Votes resolved
upon in the House of Peers and in the House of Commons, for the
securing the Kingdome of England, and the Dominion of Wales.
John Brown, Cler. Parliament.

Also a remarkable passage concerning his Majesty's blocking up of
Hull, July 12. London, printed for A. Coe, 1642.

[The pamphlet commences with general reflections on the malignant party, and the
affronts offered by them to the king's majesty and his government, and reports that
eight thousand men are speedily to be sent to the northern parts from France and
Spain. That arms and ammunition are to be sent to Newcastle, and there placed
under the direction of captains and cavaliers shrewdly suspected to be of the malig-

28 Manchester's resolution.

nant party. That the Pope's nuncio is also reported to have been engaged in raising
troops, and soliciting the kings of France and Spain to lend the king of England four
thousand men a-piece. That the queen had provided certain ships laden with ammu-
nition to go towards the north, and that Lord Digby, who was impeached by the Par-
liament of high treason, Mr. Piercy, the Earl of Northumberland's brother, and Mr.
Jermyn, and divers others that ran away the last year, " are all a comming over (as
they say) with a great fleet from Denmark." The tract then proceeds as follows :]

" And (if fame be true, and we may give credit to a printed
pamphlet which this day came forth) there have been strokes given
and bullets shot here in England, which is lamentable to consider
that there should be civill warres at this time amongst us. Upon
the fourth day of this instant month of July there was a skirmish
between the Lord Strange and the inhabitants of Manchester in
Lancashire. The occasion whereof was (as that booke makes
mention) through the Lord Stranges resolution to take away their
magazine by force, having received for that purpose many forces
from Yorke. Tis very strange, if this be true ; I wish it may be
false ; if it be not, I am certaine it is an ill omen to the peace of
England, and doth prognosticate no good tidings to the City of
London. If this be the beginning of civill warre, God knows
(and no mortall but he) when the ending will be. When that
dreadfulle time is once come (as God forbid it ever should) many
a weake wife will be husbandlesse, and many a poore childe
fatherlesse. There will be mourning and lamentation in our Cityes
and Countries, many .Rachels mourning for their children because
they are not, many thousands will then lose their lives before that
this kingdom be agine setled in peace."

[After general reflections on civil wars, and their particular effects in Germany and
Ireland, and the disastrous consequences of keeping up two armies as in the late
struggle with Scotland, the writer goes on to say that, to prevent such calamities in
England, Parliament has given orders to the Earl of Warwick, admiral of his Majesty's
navy, to stop all arms, ammunition, &c. and has placed the militia and the kingdom in
a posture of defence, as " by their several votes doth here appeare, for the safety and
security of the kingdom."]

*** The rest of the Pamphlet does not relate to Lancashire.

LORD STRANGE AT MANCHESTER.

" To the King's Most Excellent Majesty : The Humble Desires of
The High Court of Parliament. Declaring the Grounds and chief
Motives that induce them to proceed in this Course of Raising a
Guard to defend themselves against all such, as should oppose them.
With the Grounds of their Fears, collected into severall Hedds.
Also Horrible News from Manchester, declaring a great Skirmish
betwixt the Lord Strangers Forces and the Followers of the Deputy
Lieutenant. July 19. 1

"Whereunto is annexed the Parliaments Protestation to the Kings
most Excellent Majesty.

" Ordered that this be printed and published.
" John Brown, Cler. Pari.
" Hen. Elsing, Cler. Pari. D. Com.
" July 23. London. Printed for A. Coe."

" Upon the 19 1 of this present month, the Lord

Strange came to Manchester, giving command that all men from
the age of 18 to 50 should meet in such Arms, as they could fur-
nish themselves withall, which was accordingly effected, and there
met him at the least 3000 of the inhabitants of Manchester and the
neighbouring villages. On the same day the Deputy Lieutenants
appointed by the Parliament came to put the Ordinance of the
Militia in execution : betwixt home grew a desperate Combat, the
followers of the Lord Strange shooting at the said Deputy Lieute-
nants and wounded divers of their followers : insomuch that many
of the Gentry of the Town were compelled to leave the Town for
their own security.

1 A typographical error for July 1 5, which was the day of the banquet offered to
Lord Strange, noticed in the two following tracts, and which is obviously the day here
alluded to, as will appear by comparison of the facts and persons mentioned.

30 LORD STRANGE AT MANCHESTER.

XT.

News from Manchester, being A perfect Relation of the passages,
which hapned there, between the Lord Strange and the Commis-
sioners for the Militia. Together with the occasion and other
circumstances of their skirmishing and the number and state of
those which were slain and wounded. As also how the Magazine
for that County is disposed of.

Sent in a Letter from M. Jo. Bousgore, an eye-witnesse and an Jn-
habitant of the said Town of Manchester.

July 23. Printed for T. N. 1642.

Sir,

My humble requests unto you ; I have not any thing to write
unto you about, save onely to acquaint you with some sad passages
that happened yesternight here at Manchester.

My Lord Strange, yesterday six miles from Manchester, viz. at
Bury, by virtue of the Commission of Array, summoned all per-
sons of able body, betwixt sixteen and sixty years of age, to meet
him there with such arms as they had, which was performed accord-
ingly, whereof 2000 went forth of Manchester and the neighbouring
villages. After in the evening about four of the clock, the Towns-
men of Manchester, hearing my Lord was coming to lodge all night
at Sir Alexander Badcliffs house, went to meet him on the way
and invited him to take a banquet at Manchester, which his Lord-
ship courteously accepted of; and about five of the clock came
into Manchester attended with about 120 horse well accoutered.
My Lord and the Townsmen were all agreed about the Magazine,
his Lordship promising the Town to joyn with them in any reason-
able thing they would propose, and withall that he would stay
with them till Monday Morning : But in the mean while Captain
Holcroft, Sir Thomas Stanley and your Cosin Birch, who were
appointed Commissioners for the Militia, began to strike up their
Drum, to put the Militia in execution, in another part of the
Town ; which when my Lord Strango and my Lord Mollineux

LORD STRANGE AT MANCHESTER. 31

heard, they came and met them and some blows passed on both
sides, but two men of your Cosin Birch his Company are shot, one
of which dyed this morning, and nine more are mortally wounded.
There are, on my Lord Strange his side, some eleven or twelve
men wounded mortally ; your cosin Birch was shot at twice, yet
escaped with some few blows, by means of a Coach that stood in
the street.

The Townsmen are all gone to my Lord and to Sir Alexander
Badcliffs House this morning to disavow the quarrel and to intreat
his Lordship to joyn with them, to expell Captain Hollcroft and
the rest of the Town, that upon some private grudges would
have occasioned a generall quarrell betwixt his Lordship and the
Town. What the issue will be, God best knows ; But I hope all
wil be well, for my Lord and chief of the Town are all agreed. I
made bold to write, because I beleeve you may perhaps hear a
more terrible relation then is true.

Your obliged Sonne in Law,

16 July 1642. John Bousgore.

XII.

A verie true and credible relation of the severall passages at Man-
chester on the loth of July last 1642, wherein is specified an
Invitation of the Lord Strange unto a Banquet, whose life was
afterwards much endangered by Sir Thomas Stanley Baronet,
John Holer oft Esquire, Thomas Birch Gentleman, as will be
attested upon Oath, with the declaration of the better sort of the
townesmen of Manchester. London, printed by T. Fawcet, July
29, 1642.

A very true and credible relation of the severall passages at Man-
chester, the 15th of July last 1642.

My Lord Strange being invited the 15 of this Moneth to the

32 LORD STRANGE AT MANCHESTER.

towne of Manchester, by neare twenty of the chiefe men and officers
there, unto a banquet that afternoone, he being then accompanied
with the High Shereff of Lancashire, the Lord Molineux, Sir Gil-
bert Haughton, Sir Alexander Radcliffe, Mr. Holt of Stublei/, Mr.
Farrington, Mr. Prestwich, Mr. Tilsley, and other gentlemen of
the best ranke in the shire, accepted the loves of the said towne,
and his Lordship in his coach, attended with some thirty of his
owne horses, being but his ordinary attendance, and met with at
least a hundred horse of the said towne, being the Inviters and
their friends. At the entrance into the towne, were divers ex-
pressions of joy from the Inhabitants, as continued acclamations,
bonfires, the streets strewed with flowers &c. His Lordship being
with all the chiefe men at Manchester in the house of Mr. Greene
at the Banket, his Lordship stayed not a quarter of an houre, but
word was brought of Mr. Holcroft marching in the towne with
souldiers armed with pikes and muskets, with their matches
lighted and cockt, also a drum beating before him to assemble
more companie (their muskets also were charged with bullets, as
appeared by those which were taken from them) who presented
themselves in the street in a warlike posture, and at that time two
other companies in like manner assembling in two severall streets
of the said towne environed his Lordship.

Mr. Sheriffe understanding this plot and practise while he was
in the chamber with his Lordship, ran hastily downe for prevention
of the pretended inconvenience, but finding my Lords horse before
his owne, made use thereof, he found Mr. Holcroft neere the Crosse
with divers armed men, whereupon the Sheriffe did command him
and the rest in his Majesties name to lay down their armes, keepe
the peace and cease the tumult, but Mr. Holcroft unwilling at the
first to obey, notwithstanding the proclamation according to the
statute, charg'd him with disobedience to his Majesties laws. My
Lord observing the Sheriffes long stay, and desiring to assist for
the preservation of the peace, and missing his owne horse or any
other, was forc't to goe along the street afoot without any of his
ordinary servants, and made his own way through the people, un-

LORD STRANGE AT MANCHESTER. 33

till at the end of the streete he met a horse of Sir Alexander Rad-
cliffe, and in his passage was shot at with two pistols out of a
window by Sir Thomas Stanley, and another by him, as will be
deposed, but God be thanked, they both missed ; he was also seen
at the said window charging his pistoll ; there was also a muskett
shot at his Lordship from a shop in the streete, which was seene to
hit the wall neare by him. My Lord, with the Sheriffe going
their intended way, met a new company, who thronged the streets,
and endeavoured to stop the passage with pikes and muskets.
Their Captaine, one Birch, bad them give fire, but the raine being
so great, put out most of their matches ; and being resolutely com-
manded to advance their pikes were much afraid, and some obeyed,
especially their Captaine, who hid himself under a cart which stood
in the streete ; l the men seeing themselves overcome, submitted
and retired. The place being cleared, his Lordship with the rest
were going out of towne, but suddenly some came in the reare,
and cutt a gentleman in the head and struck him off his horse. A
son of that gent rescuing his father was also wounded ; it is thought
one of them is in great danger ; the man that struck the old gent
was shot, 2 but not knowne yet by whom. This bloody assassinate
was followed with great cunninge and eagernesse by Sir Thomas
Stanley and Mr. Holcroft, both his Lordships knowne enemies.
They be men of decayed fortunes and much indebted, ready to
leave the countrey, wherefore they thought convenient to build
some hopes on others ruines, assuring themselves if that towne
were in good tearmes with my lord, it would end all their hopes,

1 Seacome (House of Stanley) states the malice of Henry Bradshaw, Bigby and Birch,
towards Lord Derby, to have originated — as to Bradshaw, in a refusal of the vice-
chamberlainship of Chester ; as to Bigby, in his ill -success at Lathom ; and as to Birch
(here mentioned) in his lordship's having " trailed him under a hay-cart at Manchester,
by which he got, even among his own party, the deserved epithet of Lord Derby's
Carter.''' — p. 133.

* Bichard ParcivaL of Kirkman's Hulme, linen webster, said to be the first person
whose blood was shed in the war. See Impeachment of Lord Strange. In the entry
of burials at the collegiate church he is thus recorded : " 1642. Julie 18. Bichard Par-
civall of Grindlowe." — Extract communicated by Mr. Palmer.

34 LORD STRANGE AT MANCHESTER.

thinking by this divelish plot to master the countrey by taking
away his Lordships life, as may appeare by testimony offer'd to
produce the party hired to murther his Lordship, affirming if the
towne were so kind then unto his Lordship to entertain him with a
banquet, they would give him a second to breake the peace.

When the Gentlemen of Manchester did invite my Lord into
the towne, his Lordship did acquaint them with an information
that Sir Tho. Stanley and Holcroft had bin very busie that morning
among divers armed souldiers, wherefore his Lordship did aske
them if they would not like that his Lordship might come into the
towne with his ordinary attendance, of which they seem'd most
desirous, and prepared a banquet for those his Lordships servants,
as they are ready to averre.

Next morning the chiefe of the townsmen repaired to his Lord-
ship, but lodged but a mile off, at Sir Alex. Radcliffes, with a pro-
testation of great griefe at this accident, and all of them under
their hand did give his Lordship a declaration that Sir Tho. Stanley,
Holcroft, and Birch, were the disturbers of their peace, and the
only occasion of this treachery, so as my Lord and the towne are
on very fair termes, and the other three by these meanes, God be
thanked, discovered themselves to the world, so as no just wise
religious person will hereafter give them any countenance.

Wee whose names are subscribed, doe conceive and are credibly
informed that Sir Thomas Stanley Baronet, John Holcroft Esquire,
Thomas Birch Gent, are disturbers of the Peace of our Towne of
Manchester, and especially for their actions upon the 15 day of
July, 1642.

William Radley
Richard Johnson
Robert Simmonds
Ralphe Brideoake

Francis Moseley
John Hartley

Nicholas Moseley, Burrower
Michael Dicconson
John Bowker, Constables

John Radley
Nicholas Moseley

LOUD STRANGE AT MANCHESTER.

John Mader
John Gaskell
John Lomar
Richard Hollywell
Nicholas Hawett
Michael Buxton
Richard Lomar

Roger Rogerson
Lawrence Owin
James Lightbound
James Marler
Alexander Greene
Edmund Prestwich
Robert Potter

Vera Copia, test.

Andrew Browne,
Thomas Morris.

XIII.

An Impeachment of High Treason, exhibited in Parliament against
James Lord Strange, Son and Heir Apparent of William Earle
of Derby, by the Commons assembled in Parliament, in the names
of themselves and all the Commons of England. With an Order
of the Lords and Commons in Parliament for the apprehension of
the said Lord, to be published in all Churches, Chappels, Markets,
and Townes in the County of Lancaster and Chester.

16 Sep. 1642. — Ordered by the Lords in Parliament assembled, that
this Impeachment, with the Order, shall be forthwith printed and
published. John Browne, Cler. Parliament^

Sep. 17. — London, Printed for John Wright, 1642.

The Impeachment of James Lord Strange, and Son and Heire
Apparent of William Earle of Darby, by the Commons assembled
in Parliament, in the Name of themselves and all the Commons of
England of High Treason.

That the said James Lord Strange, to the intent and purpose to

36 IMPEACHMENT OF LORD STRANGE.

subvert the fundamentall Lawes and Government of this King-
dome of England, and the Rights and Liberties, and very being of
Parliaments ; And to set Sedition between the King and his
People, did upon the fifteenth day of July in this present year of
our Lord God, One thousand six hundred forty two, at Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, and at several other times and places,
actually, maliciously, rebelliously, and traiterously, summon and
call together great numbers of his Majesties Subjects ; And incite,
perswade, and encourage them to take up Armes, and levy warre
against the King, Parliament, and Kingdome ; That the said
James Lord Strange, in further prosecution of his foresaid wicked,
traiterous, and malicious purposes, Did upon the said fifteenth day
of July, at Manchester aforesaid, and at severall other Times and
Places, actually, maliteously, rebelliously, and traiterously, raise
great Forces of Men and Horse ; And levyed Warre against the
King, Parliament, and Kingdome ; And in further prosecution of
the aforesaid wicked, traiterous, and malicious purposes, the said
James L. Strange, and divers other Persons, whom he had drawne
into his Party and Faction, Did also upon the said fifteenth day of
July, at Manchester aforesaid, Maliciously and Traiterously, with
Force and Armes, and in a hostile and warlike manner, kill, mur-
ther, and destroye Richard Parcwall of KirJcman-Shalme in the
said County of Lancaster, Lynen Webster; And did then, and
there, and at divers other times and places, in like hostile manner
as aforesaid, shoot, stab, hurt, and wound divers others of his
Majesties good Subjects, contrary to the Lawes and Peace of this
Kingdome of England, and contrary to His Majesties Royal
Crowne and Dignity ; And the said James, Lord Strange, hath
set Sedition between the King and His People, and now is in
open and actuall Rebellion against the King, Parl nt , and King-
dome : For which matters and things, the Knights, Citizens, and
Burgesses of the House of Commons in Parliament assembled, Doe
in the name of themselves, and of all the Commons of England,
impeach the said James, Lord Strange, of High Treason ; And the
said Commons by Protestation, saving to themselves the Liberty of

IMPEACHMENT OF LORD STRANGE. 37

Exhibiting at any time hereafter any other Accusation or Impeach-
ment against the said Lord Strange, and also to replying of the
Answers that the said James, L. Strange, shall make to the Pre-
misses or any of them, or of any other Impeachment or Accusation
that shall be exhibited by them, as the Cause, according to the
Course and Proceedings of Parliament shall require, Doe pray that
the said James, Lord Strange, may be put to answer all and every
the Premisses, that such Proceedings, Examination, Tryalls, and
Judgments, may be upon them, and every one of them had, and
used, as shall be agreeable to Law and Justice.

Veneris, 16th September, 1642.

Whereas the Lord Strange having continued a long time, and
still remaining in actuall Rebellion against his Majesty and the
Parl nt is for the same impeached of High Treason by the House
of Commons, in the name of themselves and all the Commons
of England. It is therefore ordered by the Lords and Com-
mons in Parliament assembled, That publication thereof be made
in all Churches and Chappels, by the Curates and Church- Wardens
thereof, and in all Markets and Townes, by the Constables and
Officers of the Townes within the Counties of Lancaster and
Chester, to the end that all his Majesties Loving Subjects may
have notice thereof, least they being deceived by the specious pre-
tences made by the said Lord Strange, should assist him with men,
money, munition, or any other provision, and so make themselves
guilty of the like Treason and Rebellion ; And all Sheriffs, and
other his Majesties Subjects, are hereby required to doe their best
endeavour for the apprehension of the said Lord, and the bringing
him up to the Parliament, there to receive condigne punishment
according to his demerits.

38 PETITION OF RECUSANTS.

XIV.

To the Kings Most Excellent Majesty, The Humble Petition of divers
Recusants and others in the County of Lancaster, that they may be
received into his Majesties Protection, and have their Armes re-
delivered to them for the defence of his Majesties Person and their
Families,

Together with his Majesties Commission to Sir William Gerard
Baronet, Sir Cecill Trafford Knight, and other his Majesties Sub-
jects, Recusants in the same County, charging and commanding them
to provide with all possible speed sufficient Armes for the defence of
his Majesties Person, or them against all force raised by any colour
of any order or ordinance whatsoever without his Majesties consent. }

Ordered by the Commons in Parliament that this Petition and Answer
bee forthwith pry nted and published. H. Elsynge, Cler. Pari. D.
Com.

London. Printed for Edw. Husbands and John Frank, and are to
be sold at their Shops, in the Middle Temple, and next doore to
the Kings Head in Fleet Streete. 1642.

To the Kings most excellent Majesty.
The Humble Petition of us, the inhabitants of Lancashire whose
names are here underwritten in the behalfe of ourselves and divers
others being Recusants,

Humbly Sheweth,
That whereas we and the rest of the said County, your Majesties
most loyall Subjects are disarmed, and not sufficiently provided for
the defence of your Royall person and our own families ; Our most
humble supplication to your Majestie is, that we may be received
into your most gracious protection from violence, have our Armes
taken from us redelivered in this time of actuall war, and by your

1 This petition of the Lancashire Recusants, and the royal assent thereto, was imme-
diately met by the order (of Sept. 29) for sending down Sir John Seaton, and also by a
declaration of Parliament (Nov. 23) for putting down associations of Papists in Lan-
cashire, Cheshire, and the five northern counties. (Husbands 4to. 754.) It is noticed
and commented on in the Perfect Diurnal, No. 13, 14-21 Nov. 1642.

PETITION OF RECU8ANT8. 39

Majesties speciall directions be enabled further to furnish ourselves
with competencie of weapons for the security of your royall Person
(if we be thereunto required) our Countries and families, who now
are not onely in danger of the common disturbance ; But also
menaced by unruly people to be robbed ; and when by the Al-
mightyes assistance your Maiesties Kingdom shall be setled, in
case we be againe disarmed, that a full value in mony, in liew
thereof to us may be restored. And we shall dayly pray, &c.
W. G. C. Tr. C. T. Chr. An. Jo. C.

To our Trusty and Well-beloved Sir William Gerard Baronet,
Sir Cecill Trafford Knight, Thomas Clifton, Charles Towneley,
Christopher Anderton, and John Cansfield, Esquires, and other of
our Subjects Recusants in the County of Lancaster.

* Charles Rex.

Trusty and Wellbeloved,
Wee greet you well, whereas by reason of the Lawes and Sta-
tutes of our Realme, by which all recusants convicted are to be
without armes, your armes have beene taken from you, so that
now in this time of imminent danger, wherein there are armies
raised against our commands and contrary to our Proclamations,
and are marching against Us ; and divers of our good subjects for
obeying our lawful commands, and opposing the rebellious proceed-
ings of others ill-affected, are by strong hand seized upon and
imprisoned, their houses plundered, and their goods taken away,
and the like is threatened to your selves, who as all others our sub-
jects ought to have our Protection against all unlawfull violence
and force. And the lawes made for the disarming Recusants,
were made onely for a provision to prevent danger in time of peace,
and were not intended to barre you from a necessary use of armes
in time of actuall warre, for your owne safety or the defence of
our owne Person against all rebels and enemies, which by your
duty and allegeance you are bound unto ; which is not, nor ever was
meant to be discharged, or taken away by any act ; and whereas

40 COMMISSION TO RECUSANTS.

the armes which were taken from you ought by law to have beene
kept and preserved, to have beene made use of by you in such time
of open warre, or of such others as you should provide ; yet under
the specious pretence of disarming Recusants, and Persons ill
affected, your armes have been disposed and dispersed into the
hands of severall persons ill affected, and for the most part foment-
ers and exciters of these commotions now raised in this King-
dome. Our Will and Command therefore is, and we charge and
require you upon your allegiance, and as you tender the safety of
our Person, and the peace and welfare of our Kingdome, that you
with all possible speed provide sufficient Armes for your selves,
your Servants and your Tenants, which we Authorize and require
during the time of open warre raised against Us, to keepe and use
for the defence of Us, and of your selves, and of your country,
against all forces and armes raised or to be raised against Us, or
Our consent, or contrary to Our Proclamation, by colour of any
order or ordinance, or authoritie whatsoever. And wee shall
(according as wee are bound to all our subjects) use our utmost
powers for the protection of you, and yours, against all injuries
and violence; and whensoever these armes which you shall so
provide (after it shall please God to put an end to these dangers
and distractions) shall bee taken away from your custody by reason
of Our lawes now in force, We doe hereby assure you we will
allow you for the same, so much as you shall have dispended in
provision thereof. Given under our Signet at our Court at Chester
the 27 of September, in the eighteenth yeare of our reigne.

XV.

Parliamentary Commission for raising money for defence of Lanca-
shire, and sending down Colonel Sir John Seaton ; from a Broad-
side in the British Museum, reprinted imperfectly in BushwortlCs
Collection. (Part III. vol. ii. p. 25.)

Die September 29, 1642.
The Lords and Commons in Parliament do conceive and find it

PARLIAMENTARY COMMISSION FOR RAISING MONEY. 41

so necessary that 1000 Dragoones, with some Troopes of Horse,
should be raised speedily, and be set forth for the suppressing of
the Malignant Party in Lancashire, and such other parts, as my
Lord Generall shal appoint, for protecting the well affected people
and preventing of forraigne Power from landing, that it will not
onely be taken and recented by the House for an acceptable Ser-
vice in a time of great need, if any the well affected and disposed
persons of the City of London shall advance the summe of sixteene
thousand pounds for setting forth of such a Power. But do
declare that such Advances shall have the publique faith for the
repayment of such moneyes so to be advanced with Interest after
eight pounds per cent. As also shall be taken into consideration
by the House for a further recompence of their so forward and
pious Act in a time of so great necessity and danger.

It is ordered by the House that Sir John Wolleston, John Bovjse,
John Warner ; and Tho. Andrewes, Aldermen of the City of London,
are appointed Treasurers for the foresaid Subscription Moneyes.

All persons who are willing to goe Soldiers in the Service under
Colonell Sir John Seton as Dragoniers, are to resort to Captaine
Henri/ Legh at the signe of the Sun neare Criplegate, and Captaine
William Slackhouse at his house in Saint Thomas Apostles, and
there are to be.listed for that service.

Ordered by the House of Commons that this be forthwith printed
and published.

Hen. E-singe, Cleric. Payliament. D. Com.

Imprinted at London by L. N. for E. Husbands and T. Frank,
and are to be sold at their Shops in the Middle Temple, and next
dore to the Kings Head in Fleetstreete. mdcxlii.

THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER BY THE KING'S TROOPS COMMANDED BY LORD
STRANGE, WITH PROCEEDINGS CONSEQUENT THEREON — FIRST CON-
FLICTS OF THE ROYALISTS AND PARLIAMENTARIANS, AND APPOINT-
MENTS MADE AT PRESTON BY LORD DERBY (AFTER ACCESSION TO THAT
TITLE) AS " LORD GENERALL OF LANCASHIRE."

SEPTEMBER DECEMBER, MDCXLII.

XVI.

THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER.

In entering on the details of the Siege of Manchester, it is first
necessary to refer the reader who is not acquainted with the
localities to a map of Manchester. Almost any map may suffice,
but he will be most assisted by that of 1650, given by Aikin in
his History of Manchester and its Vicinity, and copied in Palmer's
Siege and Hollinworth's Mancuniensis. By this he will be enabled
to trace the coincidence of the position of the works in the Siege
with the points selected in former days for the defence of the
original Mancunium by its Roman conquerors.

These early defences lay within, but at the two extremities of, an
irregular parallelogram on the left bank of the Irwell, which may
be described as being bounded by that river and the Irk on the
N. W., by the Medlock on the S., and partly by the marshes formed
by a small stream called the Tib (now arched over) on the E.
Within this space lie the two camps described by Whitaker.

The greater Roman Camp, on the site of Castlefield, near the
N. W. angle of this parallelogram, had protection from the Irwell,
the Medlock, and the Marsh, on three sides ; and the area, thus
naturally defended, became once more the scene of warfare, as the
Royalist Position within the Park of Alport (purchased from an
Earl of Derby by the Mosleys) in which the Lodge was situated
where Lord Strange had his Manchester Battery, raking the centre
of the present Deansgate.

THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER. 43

His Salford Battery was placed at the lower end of the Old
Bridge, and was commanded on the Manchester side by elevated
ground, which Whitaker supposes to have been the summer Camp
of the Romans, but which (if such) probably succeeded to an
earlier British work. This opinion is founded on its form, accom-
modated on two sides to the steep and rocky banks of the Irk and
the Irwell; and on the other, or land side, defended by semi-
circular entrenchments, which Mr. Whitaker states to have been
traced by excavations, and which are still followed in their curved
outlines by the streets near the Collegiate Church, as a glance at
the map will testify.

The space enclosed by these streets and the rivers last men-
tioned contained the Collegiate Church and its cemetery, and the
site of the present Chetham's Hospital, which long after the period
referred to had retained its military character as the " Baron's
Yard," and after being the College of the local Ecclesiastics, had
passed after the dissolution to the Stanleys, who had suffered the
Magazine already mentioned to be deposited in it.

If the posts and chains of Rosworm, mentioned in the following
tracts, had been forced, it is not improbable that this site would
have been stoutly defended ; at all events, the walls of the adjacent
churchyard gave his marksmen a decided advantage over the
Royalists at the Salford Battery below.

In the selection of these sites, however, Lord Strange was probably
chiefly influenced by the sentiments of the inhabitants and pro-
prietors in their neighbourhood; Salford and Alport Lodge re-
ceived him kindly, and the families of Moseley, Prestwich, Trafford,
Tyldesley, Barlow, Tatton, and Radcliffe, all Royalists, kept open
the communication between him and his own resources in Wigan,
Warrington, and Lathom. In case of any other selection, as appears
by the names of the families who led their tenants to the defence
of Manchester, the rear of his little army would have been open to
annoyance from the Parliamentarian families who swept in an
almost unbroken semicircle on the left bank of the Irwell from
Dunham Massey, by Handford, Stockport, Harden, Dukenfield,
Ash ton, Hyde, and Middle ton to Heaton. The sudden raising of

44 THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER.

the siege and retreat of the Royalists appears to have been the
result of the King's command to join his main army, then pre-
paring to march southward, and although, from what Rosworm
says of the want of ammunition, the consequences of an assault
might have been much dreaded by the townsmen, who could have
opposed little besides the pike and the club, this does not appear
to have been known to Lord Derby; and it is clear that he could
place but small confidence either in the discipline or the fidelity of
his followers. 1

XVII.

N ewes from Manchester, Being A True Relation of the Battell fought
before Manchester. Wherein the Lord Strange lost 150 Men,
besides 100 taken Prisoners, with the losse only of 12 Men of the
Town side, whereof six of them were taken Prisoners.

Sent in a Letter to a private Friend.

London, Printed for Richard Best, 1642. 2

Saturday, the 24th of September last in the night, came a great

1 The plan pursued in arranging the documents illustrative of this subject, and of
its immediate local consequences, is to give in chronological order the tracts appearing
worthy of preservation, together with other contemporary notices. Additional details
will be found in this collection, in the Valley of Achor, and in Roswomis Complaint.

Many of the previous efforts of Lord Strange, in attempting to secure the maga-
zines, &c. have been given in the preceding tracts. The reader must be referred to
Seacome's House of Stanley, Peck's Desiderata Curiosa, Dugdale's Baronage (ii. 251) and
other sources, for his alleged musters on the Lancashire Heaths, his offers respecting
the raising of the Standard at Warrington, his removal by the King from his lieute-
nancies of Cheshire and Wales, and the command of the three regiments which he had
actually raised aud taken to the King at Shrewsbury, from whence he was sent back
to Lancashire on the service now under illustration.

8 To keep up continuation of events, it is proper to state here that the Royal Standard
was set up at Nottingham, August 25 (Clarendon, iii. 190), and that on September 9

THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER. 45

company of horse and foot to the number of two or three thousand,
against the Towne of Manchester. Sunday morning my Lord
Strange, now Earle of Darby, for his father died this week at
Chester, my Lord Mollineux, Sir John Girlington, high Sheriff of
the County of Lancaster, Sir George Gerard, Colonell of the Horse,
with diverse other Captains and Gentlemen of the County, with
some six or seven canons, came likewise neere unto the Towne.
But the Townsmen having some notice on the Saturday Evening
of their approach, did send to the Inhabitants thereabouts, who on
Sunday and Monday came in abundantly with Muskets, Pikes,
Halberts, Staves, and such like, to the number of two thousand.
And these Gentlemen likewise came in aid of the Towne, Master
Holland, Master Egerton, Master Duckinfield, Master Arden, Master
Butterworth, Master Booth, Sir Georges second Sonne, Master Hide
and some others. And upon Sunday forenoone we were called
out of Church from Sermon, and since then there have been many
hot skirmishes both in the Night and Day, especially Monday in

the Earl of Essex, Parliamentary Commander-in-Chief, " in much state did set out of
London, and went to his head quarters at St. Albans, and from thence to Northampton,
where his forces met him." — Rushworth, pt. iii. vol. ii. p. 16.

Perfect Diurnall of the Passages in Parliament, Sep. 12, 1642. (Cook and Wood, No.
13.) — " Thursday {Sep.') 8. This day came letters out of Lancashire, certifying that
the malignant party in that county have gathered some forces, and carried them to the
King at Nottingham, and that some of the town of Manchester are disaffected to the
Parliament, but the greatest part of the said town are for the King and Parliament."

On September 15, the King determined, when at Derby, to accept the invitation of
Shrewsbury, and march thither ; and was at Stafford on Sept. 18 (Blakeway, i. 418),
and on that day notified to the mayor of Chester his intention of proceeding there,
arriving there from Shrewsbury on Sep. 23 {Hist. Chesh. i. 203.)

Sep. 19, Perfect Diurnall, fyc. (Francis Coules, No. 14) p. 2.—" Monday, 12. And it
was also then informed the Commons, by letters, that the Lord Strange doth march in
Lancashire and Cheshire with an army of above 2000 foot, 300 horse, and six pieces
of ordnance, the greatest part of which force are Welchemen, and that he hath put a
garrison of 300 men into Chester, against the Kings coming thither."

This visit terminated on the 28 th, when the King, having directed the city to be put
into a state of defence, returned to Shrewsbury, where he continued until October 12,
the events immediately following and connected with the siege of Manchester taking
place during his residence there.

46 THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER.

the afternoone and in the night, their Ordinance killed none, but
onely a strange boy was gazing about him, but not in armes.

There have not been slain of the Townside above five or six
and as many taken prisoners; there are slain on the other side
about an hundred and fifty, whereof some speciall Commanders,
Master Standish of Duxbury is slaine, Captaine Biron, Captain e
Tilesley, and many others of good quality and about an hundred
taken Prisoners ; The Souldier hath ransakt and pillag'd and done
abundance of hurt in the country thereabouts. The Townsmen
fetch them in and bring in Horse and man in great companies,
foure or five bring in two or three a-piece.

Upon Monday night they burnt a great Barne with much Corne
and Hay of M. Greenes, and some Houses of Master Foxes at the
Deanes Gate end. The Towne is daily expectant of ayde from
the Parliament and the Army. We have been full of feares, often
called out of Bed in the night and in great distresse, but Gods
great goodness hath greatly preserved us beyond all expectation,
If I would but relate unto you all the passages it woud fill you
with admiration, to see how gratious God hath beene to us, but
the town is the better for some fortifications made by a German
by Chains and Mudwalls at the Townes ends, and I hope much
the better for good prayers. The matter is the more unkindly
taken, because the Lord Strange hath brought some that were sent
from the Towne upon his warrant to meete the king at Warrington,
against the Towne, and the Souldiers say they had no knowledge
of coming against Manchester, But were told they were to go for
some other purpose that way, They say Captain Leigh of Adlington
is at StorJcport, with Forces against the Towne, but they say they
will not go out of the County, Captain Robert Bradshaw, Captain
Radclife, Captain Channell, and Captain Barrington hath done very
great service. This is the substance of what I know, I have been
in Town all the time. The Lord grant us peace, Pray for us and
the peace of this kingdome.

Since I writ this Letter I have sent you a Catalogue of those
that were slaine before Manchester by them in the town.

THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER. 47

1. Lord Mollineux the Earle of Berne's Son in Law. 1

2. Colonell Tyllsley.

3. Standish Eldest Son of his father of Buxbury.

4. Captaine Byron.

5. Captaine Ashton of Penket. Eldest Son of his Father.
Two other Captains.

And 200 Common Souldiers.

The old Earle dying the 25 of the same moneth, this Earle his
Sonne instead of mourning, took this good worke in hand, to
destroy his OAvne Country Neighbours. 2

XVIII.

The Lord Strange, His demands propounded to the Inhabitants of
the Town of Manchester, concerning a pacification and laying
down of Armes: with the valiant Ansiver and Resolution of the
Commanders and Souldiers, in denying and withstanding the said
Bemands. Also the names of the Scots Elders and Ministers
chosen by the Commissioners of Scotland to be sent to the Assembly
of Bivines appointed by the Parliament to be holden at London

1 This alliance of Lord Molineux has not occurred elsewhere. He married Frances,
daughter of William, Marquis of Hertford (afterwards restored as Duke of Somerset)
by his second wife, Frances, sister of the Parliament general the Earl of Essex. The
first wife of this great Marquis was the Lady Arabella Stuart, first cousin of James I.

2 This account of the slain is inaccurate in what relates to the deaths of Lord Moli-
neux, Colonel Tyldesley, and Captain Ashton. Colonel Tyldesley (who is first
mentioned here as colonel) in all likelihood received that commission in one of the
regiments of horse raised by Lord Derby, and most probably in that commanded by
Lord Molineux, with whom he is frequently associated in later operations. The mo-
nument erected to his memory in Wigan-lane, by his " grateful cornet Alexander
Rigby," mentions his holding the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the royal service at Edge-
hill, and his previous exertions in " raising regiments of horse, foot, and dragoons."

48 THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER.

for the setling of Beligion. London : printed for Th. Cook,
October 8, 1642. 4to. pp. 6.

The late Lord Strange, now Earle of Darby, having strongly
besieged the towne of Manchester, in the County Palatine of Lan-
caster, and lien before it with his forces, to the number of two
thousand Foot and six hundred horse, with eight or nine Peeces
of Ordnance, from the four-and-twentieth of September to this
present, since which time many shot have been discharged on both
sides. The late Lord Strange planted his Ordnance in two severall
places, and plaid very fiercely upon the Towne and so hath con-
tinued night and day ever since, but hath done very little or no
harme : his Musketiers have made many furious assaults against
the town, and were as bravely withstood by those of the towne,
who most couragiously defended their works, and made good their
quarters against the enemy, beating them off and killing above an
hundred of them (among which were some commanders of note),
without the losse of one man.

His Lordship seeing that by force he could not prevaile against
the towne, hee sent a messenger to desire a parley with the inha-
bitants of the towne, but they would not condescend unto it, till
after foure or five messages from his Lordship, and then they
agreed that there should be a cessation of Armes on both sides
from tuesday in the afternoon, till seven of the clock the next day ;
in the mean while, the L. Strange propounded these demands fol-
lowing: —

1. That they would lay down their armes, and deliver them up
to his Lordship.

2. That he might march through the town with his army, which
were both denied.

3. That they would deliver him a thousand pound in money.

4. Then he demanded, but two hundred Muskets.

5. Seeing none of these would bee granted, rather than be frus-
trate in all his demands, in his last message he desired but fifty
muskets, and he would raise his siege and leave the town.

THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER. 49

After some debate and serious consultation concerning these
demands between the Commissioners and common souldiers, a
peremptory and resolute answer was returned his Lordship by the
unanimous consent of them all, that he should not so much as have
a sword.

The towne hath now held out a complete fortnight, and still
continues, with an undaunted resolution to stand it out against
him. Many of his souldiers run away and confess they have
neither meat nor money, but what they get by robbing. Captain
Bradshaw hath behaved himself most valiantly to his everlasting
renown. The enemy have discharged their ordnance above three
hundred times and the musketeers have done what they could, and
yet we have not lost one person in the fight, but a boy, unarmed,
standing upon a stile, but the townsmen have killed above a hun-
dred, and taken eighty prisoners of the enemies.

*** The rest of the Tract relates to the other matter mentioned in the Title.

XIX.

A true and faithfull Relation of the besieging of the Towne of
Manchester in Lancashire, upon Saturday, the 24 of September.
Together with the manner of the sever all Skirmishes and Passages
betwixt the Earle of Derby the besieger with his 4500 men, and the
souldiers in the Town, being only 1000 or thereabout Also a
declaration of the Lords and Commons in Parliament to the Inha-
bitants of the said Towne. And lastly, the manner of the raising
of the said Siege, having continued until Saturday the 1 of October,
as it was credibly represented unto the House of Commons from a
godly Minister in the said Towne, and appointed to be printed and

The Towne of Manchester having some malignants in it, and
multitudes of Papistes neere unto it, and being reputed a religious

1 This relation of the siege of Manchester has appeared, in a more abridged form, in

50 THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER.

and rich towne, hath been much envied and often threatned by the
Popish and Malignant partie, and therefore the Townes-men being
incouraged first by some Justices of the Peace, afterwards by the
Ordinance for the Militia, did in a peaceable manner exercise and
traine up their youth in feates of armes, whereby sundry of them
became skillfull musquetiers and active pikemen, and afterwards
when the Lord Strange began to declare his opposition to the
Lords and Commons in Parliament by raising of forces, and utter-
ing divers menaces and threats against us and others that refuse to
joyne with him, (which were farre the greater part of all Sal ford
hundred) Mr. Holland of Denton, Master Egerton of Shagh, Mr.
Eride of Denton, Deputie Lie veten ants by the Ordinance of Par-
liament, did advise and consult with the Towne what was fittest
to be done for the safetie of the Towne and Countrey adjacent,
the result of which consultation was to provide for their own safety
by securing the Towne, to encourage and assist them in which
service, God by his providence had a quarter of a yeere before sent
a German engineer amongst them, to whose skill, industry, faith-
fulnesse and valour, we owe (under God) much of our late preser-
vation. He was often solicited by letters, messengers, and pro-
mises of great preferment and rewards, to serve the Lord Strange,
but being unwilling to serve against the Parliament, he accepted

several works, and among others in Vicars' Parliamentary Chronicle ( God in the Mount,
pp. 173-179), from what is described as " a most authentic!? copie, written by a godly
ministre, then an inhabitant of the said town, and an eye witnesse of, if not all, yet
most of the particular acts and contingents in the same."

This may relate either to Warden Heyrick, or Mr. Bourne, fellow of the Collegiate
Church, or perhaps to others ; but if to either of the two mentioned, most probably to
Heyrick.

Other details of the siege will be found in the authorities referred to in page 44.
It may be desirable to add, that this Tract varies from the other versions and abridg-
ments in the important point of containing the names of the Royalists who attended
Lord Strange, and of those who, on the other hand, mustered in aid of the townsmen.
All these are identified in the notices of individuals appended at the end of the work, but it is
proper to note the errors of Laughton, Eride, Lyde, Lide, Merthen, and possibly Chantwell,
for Houghton, Hide, Hyde, Hide, Werden, and Chantrell; and to add, that the Thanks of
Parliament (appended to the Tract), are given (in p. 57), from an official document.

THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER. 51

of farre lesse encouragement from us, and he gave directions for
the chaining up and fortifying the severall ends of the Towne,
which was begun with diligence, but found opposition from divers
of the Malignant party, which threatned to hinder the setting
downe of the stoopes. But God by his providence so disposed,
that on Thursday, the 13 of September, the Souldiers in Cheshire,
under the command of Sir Edward Fitton and Master Leigh of
Adlington, did plunder, pillage, and disarme his Majesties loyall,
Protestant subjects, even of such armes as they had provided for
the necessary defence of their owne houses, which so awakened
and affrighted the countrey, that many hundred men were sud-
denly up in armes in the Town of Manchester, which gave oppor-
tunity and facility for the setting downe of the stoopes, and the
perfecting of the fortifications, which were not finisht till about a day
before his Lordship came against the Towne. Though we had no
certain notice of the time of his comming, on Saturday night cer-
taine intelligence came to the Towne, that great forces were com-
ming from Warington against it, conducted by the Lord Strange,
and (as we hear) by the Lord Molineux, Master Sheriffe, Sir Gil-
bert Laughton, Sir Alexander Eadcliffe, Sir Gilbert Gerrard,
Master Tildisley, Master Standish of Standish, Master Prestivich,
Master Windebanke, Serjeant Major Danvars, Serjeant Major
Sanders, Master Downes of Wardley, Master Townly of Townlev,
Master Ashton of Penkett, junior, Master Ogle, Master Byrom of
Birom, Master Nowell of Bead, Master Standish of Duxburie his
eldest sonne, Master ChernocJc, Master Farrington of Merthen,
Master Holt of Ashurst, Master Bosterne of Newhall junior, Mr.
Tarbuch of Tarbuck, Mr. Mountague, with many others, which
assisted with men and munition ; about which time there were in
towne about an hundred and fiftie of the tenants of Master Ashton
of Middleton in compleat armes, under the command of Captaine
Bradshaw, who with the towne forces under the command of Cap-
taine Eadcliffe did cheerefully and couragiously, upon the beating
of the drumme, repaire to the end of the Towne, resolving to main-
taine the libertie of their persons, and the propriety of their goods,

52 THE SIEGB OF MANCHESTER.

with the utmost hazard of their lives. The bels were rung, and
posts immediately sent into the countrey to give them notice,
whereupon Master Holland of Denton, Captaine Booth, son to Sir
George Booth of Dunham, Master Duckenfield of Duckenfield,
Master Arderne of Hardin, Master Egerton of Shagh, Master
Butterworth of Belfield, Master Lide of Denton, Master Lyde of
Norbury, Master Cheetham of Nuthurst, and others, came with
their tenants and well-affected neighbours, to assist the Towne ;
part of the Lord Stranges forces came though Cheshire, and part
came on the other side of the river Irwell ; the breaking of a wheele
which carried their ordnance, retarded the Lord Strange his forces,
that they came not in viewe of the Towne till about nine of the
clock on Sunday morning, and at that time sundry companies
and their colours appeared in open view. Then two gentlemen
were sent to know the reason of his coming in such a manner ; his
Lordship staid one of the gentlemen for hostage, and sent Captaine
WtndebanJce to require entrance, and that he might march with
his armie into the Towne, which was unanimously denied him, this
very day (as it is said) the Earle his father died. On Munday the
twentie sixt of September he sent another message to the same
purpose, promising to use the Towne kindly, otherwise fearfull
mines might ensue. But his requests were not granted, his
threats were not feared : about twelve of the clock he began to
play with his cannon shot upon the Deans gate and Salford
Bridge ; the bullets that were found weighed between foure and
six pounds weight. This afternoon the fight was hot on both
sides, most of our men constantly charging and discharging, to the
great admiration and terrour of the enemies. The fight was first
begun by the Lord Strange his forces, which were in and about an
house of Sir Edward Mosleys called the Lodge, where they planted
some of their ordnance ; and at the same time was seconded by an
assault they made upon Salford bridge, they having possessed
themselves of the Towne of Salford, which adjoyneth to Man-
chester, save only the water betwixt, but did not joyne with them
in a common defence. But God so ordered the matter, that the

THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER. 53

cannons plaid in vain, and therefore they assaid to enter the
Towne, and to beat our men from their works, which being not
able to doe, they sent some of their souldiers to fire two barnes
and eight or ten dwelling houses about twelve roods from our
Workes, which being effected, the enemies with great shouting
(" the towne is our owne, the towne is our owne") renued their
assault, but by the valour and courage of Captain Bradshaw and
his Souldiers were beaten back, and many of them slaine. The
wind at the first blew the flame and smoke into the faces of our
Souldiers, to their great annoyance and the endangering of the
Towne. But God that rides on the wings of the wind did very
seasonably turn the wind till the rage of the fire was abated.
Those forces that were in Salford endevoured to enter the bridge,
where they found so hot entertainement at the hands of Captain
Boseworme, the German Engineere before spoken of, and his
Souldiers, that they were forced to retreat with the losse of some
men ; but having possessed themselves of an house at the foot of
the Bridge, they continued shooting all night at our men. In this
dayes fight, blessed be God, we lost not one man. On Teusday
morning a souldier was taken being mortally wounded, which con-
fessed that he was one of the seven which set the barne on fire ;
he lived but a day after his apprehension. This day there was an
assault made at other ends of the towne, especially at the Market-
street-lane end, but were valiantly resisted by Captain BadclifFe
and his company. Our men likewise sallied out, took divers pri-
soners, slew and put to flight divers that were stragling in the
fields. About five of the clock his Lordship sounded for a parley,
and sent a message in writing, which was as followeth : " In obe-
dience to his Majesties commands, I have drawne some forces
hither, with no intention of prejudice to your Town or any person
in it, but to require your ready obedience to his Majestie in yield-
ing your selves dutifully and chearfully into his protection ; which
I once more (so great is the value I sett upon the effusion of one
drop of my countryes bloud) sommon you to, under this assurance
that no mans person or goods shall be harmed, so as you give up

54 THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER.

your armes to be disposed of by me, according to his Majesties
commands. But if you shall yet continue obstinate in your dis-
obedience, and resolve to stand it out, I will in that way proceed
with all honour, by offering you a safe convoy of your women and
children out of the Towne, so as it be done immediately. —
/. Derby." The gentlemen desired ten of the clock next day to
give in their answer ; he granted till seven. They promised mu-
tually that all acts of hostility should cease during that time, which
was carefully performed on our side, and by meanes thereof our
Souldiers being much wearied with watching three dayes and three
nights before, got comfortable refreshing. But that very same
night the Enemie was very busie plundring and pillaging many
houses about the Towne, to their great prejudice, if not utter un-
doing, and slew two of our neighbours of Boulton, which were
coming peaceably with about 150 more to assist the Towne, and
planted two ordnances in Salford, from which they were beate the
next day by muskets shot from the church-yard. On Wednesday
morning the Gentlemen returned this answer : " May it please
your honour to receive this answer to your Propositions : We are
not conscious to our selves of any act committed by us, that we
should in the least kind divest us his Majesties loyall subjects of
his royall protection, nor of any disobedience to his Majesties law-
full commands, for we can no way perswade our selves that his
Majestie, that hath so often solemnly declared to rule his people by
his lawes, and to preserve the propriety of our estates, should
require us to give away our armes, which are under God one
meanes of our lawfull defence against malignant Enemies and mul-
titudes of bloudy Papists, which do abound in our County, and
had not God by his infinite mercy prevented, had ere this day
made the like Rebellion in our County, and committed the like
barbarous outrage against us and others of the true Protestant
Religion, as their brethren have done in Ireland, seeing they are
acted by the like hellish principles as they. And we cannot but
much wonder that your Honour should come against us in such an
open hostile manner, to take away our armes, which is absolutely

THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER. 55

against all law, and the right of the subject, which we are bound
and resolved faithfully to maintaine, according to our late solemne
protestation. And we can by no meanes be assured by your Lord-
ship of the safety of our persons and goods, if we deliver up our
amies, seeing since the treaty some of our neighbours houses being
Protestants have been plundered or attempted to be plundered,
and some of our friends coming in a peaceable way to our reliefe,
have been cruelly murdered and slain by some of your Souldiers."
Some few houres after, the Lord Strange sent Sir John Mounson
to mediate, who said his Honour would be content with part of
the armes ; the Gentlemen referred it to the Souldiers, who all
resolutely answered they would not give him a yard of match, but
would maintaine their cause and armes to the last drop of bloud.
After this Message was returned, his Ordnance played upon the
Towne againe, but did no harme, save onely that they killed one
which stood gazing on the top of a stile. Thursday, Captaine
Standisli was slaine by a bullet in Salford, who (as we heare) was
reproaching his Souldiers because they would not fall on. Vpon
his death his Souldiers fled, and other Souldiers by scores, yea by
hundreds, daily fled away from the Lord Strange, There were
slaine of his side, as we heare, 100 or 200, and some commanders
of note, three whereof were buried at Didsbury, upon Thursday.
We lost but foure men, two by accident, two by the Enemie.
Friday little was done, onely the Lord continued playing upon the
Towne with the Ordnance and Musket shot from Salford and the
Lodge, and cast up a Trench before the end of the Deanes gate,
as if he had intended to make long siege. The Ordnance did make
holes in divers houses, and battered downe a piece of a chimney, but
did little harme. This night his Cannons were removed. On
Saturday he sent that prisoners might be exchanged for prisoners,
and that plundering might cease on both sides. It was answered
that our side had not plundered any house, but his Lordships
forces had plundered so many that ten thousand pounds would not
make a recompence. Prisoners were exchanged according to his
Lordships motion. About noone on Saturday his Forces removed

56 THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER.

away from about the Towne. Our Souldiers from first to last had
prayers and singing of Psalmes dayly at the street ends, most of
our Souldiers being religious honest men, of a civill and inoffensive
conversation, which came out of conscience of their oath and pro-
testation. The Townesmen were kind and respective to the Soul-
diers ; all things were common ; the Gentlemen made bullets night
and day ; the Souldiers were resolute and couragious, and feared
nothing so much as a Parly : the deputy Lievetenants, Captaine
Chantwell and the other Gentlemen, tooke paines night and day
to see that the Souldiers did their duty. The Lord Stranges
Souldiers some of them wept, others protested great unwillingness
to fight against Manchester, afferming they were deceived and
deluded, or else they had not come thither. Thus the Lord hath
preserved an unwalled Towne from being destroyed or detained
by a great Armie, consisting as some say of 4000, some say 3000,
seven pieces of Ordnance, two hundred Dragoneers, and hundred
Horsemen. To God alone be the Prayse.

October 11. — Read and ordered to be printed.

Extracts from various Contemporary Authorities relative to the Proceedings
consequent on the Siege of Manchester.

Perfect Diurnall, Oct. 3 to 10. Cook and Wood, No. 17.
Monday, Oct. 3. " Monday, the House of Commons being met, letters were
read that came out of Lancashire from Manchester, intimating that the Lord
Strange with 200 [2000 ?] men did lately make an attempt to take the towne of
Manchester ; but the said towns men having gotten some small aid and assistance
from other parts of the County, with great courage and resolution fell upon the
Lord Strange and his forces, and killed at the least one hundred and twenty of
them, and took eighty prisoners, with the losse of but five men on their side,
whereupon the Lord Strange was forced to retreat eight miles from the said town
that night, but it is feared he will make another attempt against the said town

TIIE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER. 57

very shortly, and therefore the Parliament fell into debate of sending some speedy
aid to that town ; and in regard that the house was informed that his Majesty was
about to draw his main forces to Shrewsburye to meet the Earl of Essex, they con-
ceived it not fitting that any of those forces that were with his Excellency should be
sent thither, but agreed that 1000 Dragoneers should be designed for the service
under the command of Sir Edward Ceton."

The following Orders connected with the same matter are extracted from the
Journals of the Commons:

" Divers letters from Cheshire and Lancashire of the Siege of Manchester by
the Lord Strange were this day read. And

" It is ordered, That these letters and the state of the business in Lancashire be
referred to the Committee of the Safety of the Kingdom : And that Captain Ven
do recommend this business of Lancashire to the Committee at London, to desire
them to expedite their levies of dragoons. ^

" Ordered, That the Deputy Lieutenants of the County of Lancaster shall take
care that the Prisoners taken at Manchester and thereabouts be either committed
to prison, or sent up to the Parliament, as they shall think most convenient." (The
Journals of the House of Commons, vol. ii. p. 792. A. 1642, 18 Car. I. Die
Lunae, 3 Octobris. Post Meridiem, 1642.)

XX.

THANKS OP PARLIAMENT TO MANCHESTER. 1

Jovis 6 October, 1642.
A Declaration of the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament,
in Commendation of the Inhabitants of the town of Manchester,
for their valiant resisting the late Lord Strange and now Earle of
Derbie, and to encourage them in their valour which they have
shewed for their own defence, and to endeavour to suppresse or
apprehend the said Earl or any of his Complices, assuring them of

1 The above order is printed from the official copy in the British Museum {Public
Acts, &c. 1641-2), and differs from the copy which follows the original edition of the
History of the Siege of Manchester, in not containing the parliament's order for a thanks-
giving, for this success, in the Lancashire churches and chapels ; but it is thought pro-
per to adhere to the authorized document. The order for thanksgiving occurs in a
subsequent document, of Oct. 11. See p. 60.

58 THE SIEGE OF MANCHESTER.

allowance and payment for all disbursements, or losses in their
service.

John Browne, Clerk Parliament.

Whereas upon credible information made unto this house that
James late Lord Strange, and now Earle of Derby, heretofore
impeached in the name of the house of Commons and of all the
Commons of England, by the name of James Lord Strange, for
High Treason, hath in pursuance of his traiterous actions procured
•divers papists, and other ill-affected persons in a hostile and rebel-
lious manner, with gunnes and other warlick weapons, to make
warre upon his Majestie's subjects in the Town of Manchester, in
the County Palatine of Lancaster, and have killed and murthered
divers in that town, and hath robb'd and spoild divers others of his
Majestie's good subjects inhabiting near the same, the inhabitants
whereof, with the Christian aid and help of divers well-affected
gentlemen and others of that County, have valiantly resisted the
said Earl and his Complices, and hath thereunto bravely defended
themselves, and the town, it is thereupon ordered by the Lords
and Commons assembled in parliament, that such Gentlemen and
others of his Majestie's good subjects, who hath already hazarded
their lives, and spent of their estates, and all such others as shall
hereafter either with their persons or purses, give aid unto the
inhabitants of the said town of Manchester for their defence, and
shall endeavour to suppresse or apprehend the said Earl or any of
his Complices, shall have allowance and payment made of all such
moneys or any other charge, which they shall expend or disburse
in that service upon account made unto the House of Commons,
and such their actions and endeavours are declared to be a service
both agreeable unto the law of the land, acceptable to both houses
of Parliament, and beneficiall to the Commonwealth.

John Brown, Cler. Parliament.

London, printed for Tho. Underhill, at the Bible
in Wood Street.

TUK 3IBGE OF MANCHESTER 59

Extracts from Journals, Sec. continued.

Speciall Passages, No. 9. Oct. 4 to 11. Thursday.

" Now God be praysed we have a cleere passage to send letters and communi-
cate with our friends. The Earle of Derby left this siege last Saturday, after he
had lost neere two hundred of his men that were slaine, and half as many taken,
with little or no losse of ours ; which was not in us, or the strength of the horse or
the rider, that hath given so good an issue to our expectation, but God, the God
of our strength, hath done it for us, perfecting and blessing us in a good cause.

" It is said that hee went away because the King had earnestly sent for him to
come with all his forces to make an addition to his Majesties Army, being to put
something in execution when all his forces are together, yet heare the Earle conti-
nues to leavie new forces, which makes many in our towne to feare he meanes to
come againe, but the more judiciall conceive it to make up slaine and taken,
besides severall hundreds run away, that so hee may appeare with the more esteeme
to the King. Let it be what it will, if for oure towne againe, we shall not feare
nor faint, having the same God and cause. If he goes any where else, I pray God
send him no better successe."

Perfect Diumall (Coles, No. 18, Saturday, Oct. 15.)
A report that the King, then at Wolverhampton, against the wish of the cava-
liers, " who laboured with him to come to London," intends to joyne the Earle of
Derby against Manchester, and then to march into Yorkshire against Captain
Hotham, and to assist the Earl of Cumberland.

Perfect Diumall (C. & W.) No. 19, Monday, Oct. 17.
Letters came to the House respecting powder and match sent to Manchester
by the Parliament, and intercepted by Sir Edward Moseley at Stafford. More
ammunition procured from Cheshire, and the town resolved to defend itself. Lord
Strange still in the county, but not recruited to the amount of the force which he
had previous to the siege. Some successful sallies stated to have been made by
the garrison into the neighbouring districts, and various prisoners taken, among
whom is mentioned Mr. Tempest of Bowling.

Perfect Diumall, Oct. 17, printed by Walt. Cooke and R. Wood, No. 18.
Tuesday, 1 1 Oct. — Letters were read to the House to the purport of the last
letter, stating the force of the Earle of Derby at 2000, his killed at 200, and
deserters at 250.

Perfect Diumall, collected by the hand formerly employed by W. Cooke, Oct. 17.

Tuesday, Oct. 11.— Letters read in the House of Commons from Manchester,

when it was declared that Gentlemen or others assisting the people of Manchester

60 REARRANGEMENT OF MAGISTRACY.

should have allowance from Parliament in disbursement ; that there should be a
day of public thanksgiving in the churches of Lancashire ; and " that Dr. Math
[Marsh ?] taken prisoner before Manchester, should be sent for up to the Parlia-
ment."

Englands Memorable Accidents, London, 1642, 17-24 October, No. 49 (by-
Stephen Bowtell).
Thursday, Oct. 20. — Mention of the Ordinance of Oct. 3 having been carried
into effect, and of the 1000 Dragoneers being then on their march to Manchester,
under " Sir John Seton, a brave and valiant " Scottish commander. Some of
these dragoneers are part of those men that came out of Holland in the ship that
was forced by a leake to put into Yarmouth.

Parliamentary rearrangement of the Lancashire Magistracy.
" Upon information of some of the members of this House, of the great increase
of poor within the town of Manchester and other several places in Lancashire, by
reason of the unavoidable decay of trade occasioned by the unhappy distractions of
these times ; and that the justices of peace who were formerly of great use in those
parts, have been lately, without any just cause appearing, displaced ; It is this
day Ordered by the * * * and Commons, now assembled in Parliament, that Edw.
Lord Newburgh, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, shall forthwith issue our
commissions of the peace to the several gentlemen herein named, — viz. Sir Ralph
Ashton Baronet, Ralph Ashton of Middleton, Rich. Holland, John Bradshaw,
Wm. Ratcliffe, Rich. Shuttleworth, John Braddell, John Starkey, Esquires ; Sir
Tho. Stanley Baronet. Jo. Holcroft, Tho. Standish, Geo. Doddinge, Tho. Fell,
Peter Egerton, Esquires, whereby the County may receive benefit by their care, as
formerly : And that he shall not discharge the said gentlemen from executing
the said commissions, tending to the good of their country, till the House be
acquainted therewith, and take further order in it. And it is further Ordered,
that the said Edw. Lord Newburgh shall immediately discharge Sir Gilbert
Houghton, knight and baronet, Robert Holt of Stubley, Alexander Rigby of
Brough, John Greenhalgh, Edm. Asheton, Sir Alexander Radcliffe, Wm. Far-
rington, Orlando Bridgeman, Sir Edward Writhington, and Roger Kirkeby,
Esquires, from being farther employed as Commissioners of the Peace within the
said County ; And he is also hereby required to render both Houses an account of
his due performances of this Order." (Journals of the House of Commons, vol. ii.
p. 821. A. 1642, 18 Car. I. Die Lunae, 24 Octobris, 1642.

ATTEMPTS AT LOCAL PACIFICATION. 61

XXI.

PROPOSAL FOR PACIFICATION BETWEEN THE TOWN OF MANCHESTER
AND THE EARL OF DERBY.

Perfect Diurnall, &c. No. 21 (Cook and Wood) Oct. 31, Nov. 7, 1642.

The Lord Kilmurry, the Lord Brewerton, and the rest of the array men of Lan-
cashire, made certaine propositions to the Gentry and Freeholders in and about
Manchester.

" 1. That the Fortifications in and about Manchester should be no further per-
fected, nor wrought in during the treaty now in hand.

" 2. That the Armies in and neere Manchester be laide down, the Earle of
Derby securing the town of Manchester, and all gentlemen and others engaged in
the business, that they shall be secure from all attempts against Manchester, or
any of the Gentry, by the Earle of Darby, or any by his consent or procurement,
the Town of Manchester and the Gentry heere, in like maner, securing the Counties
of Lancaster and Chester from all hostile attempts by them, their consent or pro-
curement.

" For the further declaring of a passage in the propositions, viz. of the Earl of
Derby his securing of the town, our meaning is, not that he should take the saide
town into his protection, but what they shall expect to be performed in a way of
peace towards them, the same they are like to performe both and toward both
Counties, not offending the Counties nor to be offended by them, and this is only
their reall intention."

Whereunto the Gentry and Freeholders gave this answer :

" Wee, the Gentlemen, Freeholders, and Inhabitants neere and in the Town of
Manchester, do thankfully accept of the good affection of the said Lord Viscount
Kilmurry, Lord Bruerton, and other Gentlemen, for their care to prevent any
future peril to those parts. And do further declare that wee have not at all hereto-
fore done anything to the just provocation of the Earle of Derby to draw out his
late forcible coming against us, but that we conceive God, Nature, Law, and Con-
science, bound us unto for our owne defence, neither since his removal have
attempted or done that which might justly offende him or draw him to any designe
against us. And therefore if the Lord Kilmurry please to propound, or the Earle
of Derby approve the sending hither to Manchester any propositions sutable to his
owne liking for the settling of the Peace of the County, they will send up a speciall
messenger to the House of Parliament with them : and desire to receive from
them a full answer which shall speedily be returned him : but they cannot neither
disband their Garrison, nor forbeare the perfecting of theire fortifications, for
several reasons, which are by them alleadged." '

1 This attempt at partial pacification was made in the spirit of a treaty also suggested
by Lord Kilmurry, and shortly afterwards entered into for Cheshire, and executed at

62 COMMITMENTS OF ROYALISTS, ETC.

Cannon ordered to Manchester and Middleton Hall.

" Ordered, that Mr. Edmund Hockwood be one of Deputy Lieutenants for the
County of Lancaster.

" Ordered, that Ralph Ashton Esquire shall have Mr. Speaker's warrant for the
conveying down four small brass pieces to Manchester, without lett or interruption,
and likewise one smalle brass piece for the safetie of his own house." {Journals
of the House of Commons, vol. ii. p. 833. A. 1642, 18 Car. I. Die Jovis, 3 No-
vembris, 1642.

Committal of Sir Alex. Radcliffe to the Tower. 1

" Upou the Report from the Committee appointed to receive the examination of
the business concerning Sir Alexander Ratcliffe,

" It is resolved upon the question, That Sir Alexander Ratcliffe is guilty of
putting the Commission of Array in execution.

" Resolved upon the question, That Sir Alexander Ratcliffe is guilty of abetting,
aiding and assisting, of the Earl of Derby in the action of the siege of Manchester.

" Resolved upon the question * * *

" Resolved upon the question, That Sir Alexander Ratcliffe be forthwith com-
mitted prisoner to the Tower, there to remain during the pleasure of the House.

" Resolved upon the question, That the three horses seized with Sir Alexander
Ratcliffe be sent to the Commissaries in London, to be employed in the service of
the Commonwealth." {Journals of the House of Commons, p. 841. A. 1642, 18
Car. I. Die Mercurii, 9 Novembris, 1642.)

Public Subscription in aid of Lancashire.

Die Jovis, 24 Nov. 1642.
" Whereas the Lords and Commons are informed that the town of Manchester
and some other parts within the County Palatine of Lancaster have for a long
time been at excessive charges for the defence of such as are well affected, &c. &c.
It is ordered, &c. that such moneyes or plate as Mr. Thomas Case or any other
person shall underwrite for the defence of Lancashire and the reducing of the ma-
lignant party there, they shall have the publike faith to be repayed with satisfac-
tion after eight pounds per cent." — Husband's Collection, p. 762.

Bunbury, Dec. 30, 1 642 (the articles of which are given in Rushworth, part 3, vol. ii.
p. 101) ; but the same was shortly afterwards annulled by the houses of parliament,
by a declaration (dated Sat. Jan. 7, 1642-3, printed in Husband's Collection, 4to, p. 823,
and also as a separate tract), in which Parliament specifically objects to the treaty,
{inter alia) that it " would prevent all associations and mutual relief to Lancashire, and
other neighbor Counties."

1 Sir Cecill Trafford, the neighbour of Sir A. Radcliffe, was made prisoner at Man-
chester, on Dec. 2. See Hibbert, vol. i. 216 ; and Tract XXII.

SKIRMISH NEAR WIGAN. 63

The latest "printed Newes from Chichester, Winsor, Winchester, Chester, Manches-
ter, and Yorke, §-c. London, printed for T. Underhill at the Bible in Wood-
streete, 1642. (Dec. 22.)

In the middle of the Pamphlet is

"Manchester, 17 Decemb. 1642.

" Captaine Bradshaw and Captaine Venables marched forth of Bolton with
their companies, consisting of about 250 men, within two miles of Wigen, whence
the cavaliers sallied forth five to one against them, and our men through over-
sight neglecting to send forth scouts were unawares incompassed, yet most valiantly
kept them in play two dayes, and at last were overcome, and there were slain
some, and the rest taken prisoners. We were sending much aid, but a post came
thence, and informes that it is too late. What the Gentry intends is not knowne ;
I conceive the bells must ring, to call all the country, that so sufficient strength
may be left here, and a considerable party sent against Wigen.

" The carriage of the cavaliers about Wigen was most insolent, ye blasphemous,
for after they had pulled downe the pulpit in Hendon chappell, and plaid at cards
in the pews and upon the deske, they surprised the Holy Bible, took it away, and
afterwards tore it in pieces, and then stucke up the leaves of it upon the posts in
severall places in Wigan, saying, This is the Eoundheads Bible. Doubtlesse as
certainely as the God that the Bible sets forth is the true God, and that Book his
Word, so certaine it is that God will be avenged of such blasphemers and reproach-
ers of his great name. And for us at Manchester, we resolve to take our lives in
our hands, and with all our might seeke the recovery of our friends, and the mine
of those Gods enemies and ours." '

XXII.

A true and full Relation of the troubles in Lancashire between the
Lord Strange now Earle of Derby, and the well-affected people of
that Countrie, with their valiant Resistance and full Resolution :
Also certaine passages betvieen the Earle of Newcastle and Captain
Hotham in Yorkshire. Sent to a Rev. Divine in London. London,
Printed for Edward Blackmoore, December 9th, 1642. 8pp.

Kinde Sir,
I have received your letter with the Printed Papers of the

1 This defeat of the three companies at Hindley, is also noticed in the Speciall Passages,

64 SKIRMISHES NEAR LEIGH.

Newes amongst you there inclosed, for which I return you many
thanks, and in requital thereof have sent you, by this post, the
passages and accidents which this last week hath befallen us in
Lancashire. The countie, as you know, is grievously distracted
and divided into two factions. The Papists and Malignants
(whereof there are many in our countie) act one part, and the well-
affected Protestants another. The Lord Strange, now Earle of
Derbie, is the great ringleader of the Popish faction and Malignant
partie, and keepes his rendesvous at Warrington, whither great
multitudes of ill-affected people both out of Lancashire and Cheshire
doe daily resort, it lying upon the frontiers of both. They make
daily great spoyle in the countrey, which hath now awakned them
of the countrey, and so incensed them, that they are, tide-death,
tide-life, resolved to endure it no longer, as may appeare by the
last skirmish that this last week fell out at Leigh and Loaton
Common, between the Earle of Derbies troopes and the country
people, whereof I myself being one, can relate the truth.

For the last Sabbath, as wee were going towards the church, a
post rode through the countrey, informing us that the Earle's
troopes were comming towards the Chowbent: whereupon the
countrey presently rose, and before one of the clocke on that day
we were gathered together about 3000 horse and foote, encountring
them at Chowbent aforesaid, and beate them backe to Leigh, killing
some and wounding many. Where you might wonder to have
seene the forwardnesse of the young youths, farmers"' sons, who
indeed were too forward, having had little experience of the like
times before this.

And so we Over-rode our Foote being carried with a fervent
desire to overtake them, and to doe some notable service upon them,

Dec. 27, 1642 ; and an unpleasing companion to the picture will be found in Seacome's
account of the ensuing reduction of Wigan, " trusted to the command of Major General
Blaire, a Scotch Gentleman, recommended to him (Lord Derby) by the King ; which
town they (the Manchester garrison, &c.) took and plundered to the very utensils and
plate of the Communion table, which one of their puritanical teachers, one Tyldsley
hung round him, as the spoils and plunder of a popish Idol."— House of Stanley, p. 85.

SKIRMISH AT LOWTON. 65

so that we drove them to Loaton common, where they, knowing
our Foote to be far behinde, turned faces about, and began to make
head against us.

Whereupon a sharpe although a short Incounter, but when they
perceived our full and settled resolution, they made away as fast as
their Horses could carry them, and we after them, killing, wound-
ing, and taking prisoners about 200 of them, and we lost never a
man ; only we had three of our men wounded, but not mortally,
so that I think they will trouble us no more out of that part of the
Countrey, but if they doe, we shall be better provided for them
than before, for we are all upon our Guard, and the Naylers of
Choicbent instead of making Nayles, have busied themselves in
making Bills and Battle Axes.

And also this Weeke the other part of the Countrey meet, and
intend not only to stand upon their guard, but to disarm all the
Papists and Malignants within their precincts, which we are re-
solved upon in our precincts, and also by God's assistance to take
the greatest Papists and most dangerous Malignants prisoners, and
to carry them to Manchester to keepe house with Sir Cecill Trafford,
that Arch Papist, who is there a Prisoner. For now the men of
Blackburn, Paduam, Burnely, Clithero, and Colme^ with those
sturdy churles in the two forests of Pendle and Rossendale have
raised their spirits, and have resolved to fight it out rather than
their Beefe and fatt Bacon shall be taken from them.

For the last Weeke Sir Gilbert Houghton set his Beacon on fire,
which stood upon the top of Houghton Tower and was the signall
to the Countrey for the Papists and Malignants to arise in the
Field, 1 and in Zealand Hundred ; wherupon great multitudes ac-
cordingly resorted to him to Preston in Andemesse, and ran to
Blackburne, and so through the Countrey, disarming all and pil-
laging some, which Master Shuttleworth, a Parliament man, and
Master Starkie hearing off, presently had gotten together out of
the places formerly mentioned about 8000 men, met with Sir
Gilbert and his Catholique Malignants at Hinfield Moor, put them

1 Meaning the district called the Fylde.

66 SKIRMISH AT HINFIELD MOOR.

to flight, tooke away many of their armes, and pursued Sir Gilbert
so hotly, that he quit his Horse, leaped into a field, and by the
comming on of the night escaped through fur bushes and by-wayes
to Preston, and there makes great defence by chaining up the Ribble
Bridge and getting what force he can into the Towne for his secu-
ritie, out of which the Countrie swears they will have him, by
Gods helpe with all his adherents either quicke or dead : so that
by the next post I hope I shall certifie of some good posture that
the Countrey will be in.

O that Parliament had but sent downe their 1000 Dragoniers
into the Countrey — wee would not have left a Masse-monger nor
Malignant of note but we would have provided a lodging for him.

It is reported by some about the Earle of Derbie, that he is very
melancholy and much perplexed about that unadvised course that
he hath run, for the last Thursday at Warrington, at dinner, he said
he was born under an unfortunate planet, and that he thought
some evill Constellation reigned at the time of his birth, with
many such other wordes of passion and discontent, so that we
all think he would purchase his peace with the Parliament at a
very deare rate, for now he is fled from his hold, as yesterday, and
tomorrow goes towards Congerton as is reported.

[The contents of page 7 and 8 relate to affairs in Yorkshire.]

So untill meeting am
Altherton, this 2 Your friend and servant,

of Decemb. 1642. Thomas Jesl and.

XXIII.

Orders concluded by the Lord Strange and Ms adherents at Preston
in the County of Lancaster, with some Quwries ! concerning the late
differences at Winchester. Printed December 29, 1642.
At a meeting at Preston in Amounderness, in the County of

1 The Queries (which do not relate to Lancashire) are omitted. The statements are
merely the Parliamentarian account of the " Orders," with party remarks on the officers.

ORDERS OF LORD STRANGE AT PRESTON. 67

Lancaster, the tenth day of December 1642, by the Right Honour-
able James Earle of Derby, Lord Generall of the County of Lan-
caster, &c. Sir John Grilington, Knight, High Sheriffe of the
County, Alexander Rigby of Burgh Esquire, Robert Holt Esquire,
Roger Kirby Esquire, and William Farington Esquire, with many
more great Papists, &c.

It is concluded and agreed, that the summe of eight thousand
and seven hundred pounds shall bee rateably assessed upon the
severall Hundreds of this County, according to an Agreement
made at Preston, and according to an assessement for the Subsidie
granted in the seventeenth yeare of His Majesties Kaigne that
now is, which said summe is to be imployed for the payment of
2000 foot and 400 horse, and also for the provision of a magazine,
and ammunition for the said County, for the safeguard and secu-
rity thereof, and the same monies forthwith to be raised and col-
lected by such Officers as shall bee appointed for that service, and
paid over to such Treasurer or Treasurers as shall be likewise
named.

And it is likewise agreed that Sir John Grilington, Knight, now
high sheriffe of this County, Adam Morte, Gentleman, Major of
the Towne of Preston, and William Farington, Esquire, shall be
Treasurers of the summe aforesaid. And that they or any two of
them shall have full power to receive and disburse the same monies,
and to give account of the same to the Lord Generall aforesaid, or
to such as his Honour shall appoint.

And it is further agreed that Sir John Grilington and Roger
Kirby shall be Collectors for the Hundred of Lainsdale ; Adam
Morte, Gentleman, Maior of Preston, and Alexander Rigby of
Burgh, Esquire, for the Hundred of Amounderness ; William
Farington and John Fleetwood, Esquires, for the Hundred of
Layland ; Henry Ogle, Esquire, John Bretherton, Gentleman,
and Robert Mercer, Gentleman, for the Hundred of West Derby ;
Robert Holt and Francis Sherington, Esquires, for the Hundred
of Salford ; Sir John Talbott, Knight, and Ratcliffe Ashton,
Esquire, for the Hundred of Blachborne.

68 ORDERS OF LORD STRANGE AT PRESTON.

And it is also agreed, that Sir John Grilington, Knight, Adam
Morte, Gentleman, Maior of Preston, (an arch Papist accounted)
James Anderton, Esquire, and Roger Kirhy, Esquire, or three of
them, to be constantly resiant in the Towne of Preston, and to be
a certaine Counsell there, to assist the said Generall and to receive
his Lordships orders and commands, and to give his Lordship an
account of their daily proceedings from time to time. And they
are likewise to have power to call to their assistance, Sir Gilbert
Hoghton, Knight and Baronet, (a convicted Papist) Thomas
Clifton, William Farington, and John Fleetwood, Esquires, or any
of them, or any other of His Majesties Commissioners of Array
within the said County, so often as they shall see occasion.

And it is likewise agreed that William Smith, Gentleman (a
profest Papist) shall be Commissary for the Hundreds of West
Derby and Layland, and Hugh Anderton, Gentleman (an active
and dangerous Papist) for the Hundreds of Amounderness and Lains-
dale.

And it is likewise agreed that every Captaine of Foote shall
receive for his pay ten shillings by the day, every Lieutenant foure
shillings, every Ancient three shillings, every Serjeant eighteen
pence, every Drummer fifteen pence, every Corporall twelve pence,
and every Common Souldier nine pence. And that every Cap-
taine of Horse sixteen shillings, every Lieutenant eight shillings,
every Cornet six shillings, every Corporall foure shillings, every
Trumpeter five shillings, every Horseman two shillings six pence.
And every Captaine of Dragooneers twelve shillings, every Lieu-
tenant six shillings, every Cornet foure shillings, Serjeant three
shillings, Corporall two shillings, every Dragoneere eighteen pence,
Kettle Drum two shillings, and to every Commissary five shillings
per diem.

Derby :
Jo. Grilington, Alex. Rigby,

Roger Kirby, Robert Holt,

Will. Farington, Henry Ogle.

adapter IV.

FIRST MOVEMENTS OF MANCHESTER GARRISON REDUCTION OF PRESTON,

HOGHTON TOWER, AND LANCASTER, WITH THE REPULSE OF LORD

DERBY AT BOLTON RECOVERY OF PRESTON AND LANCASTER BY LORD

DERBY SUBSEQUENT SUCCESSES OF THE PARLIAMENT'S FORCES AT

BOLTON, WIGAN, BLACKBURN, WARRINGTON, WHALLEY, PRESTON, LAN-
CASTER, HORNBY, AND THURLAND RETREAT OF LORD DERBY AND HIS

FORCES TO YORK, LEAVING LATHOM SUMMONED.
JANUARY JUNE MDCXLIII.

The events comprised in the present Chapter relate to the suc-
cessive sieges and conflicts which form the first part of the struggle
between Lord Derby and the Manchester garrison, commencing
with the Parliamentary reduction of Preston and Lord Derby's
partial success at Lancaster, followed by the recovery of Preston,
and terminating with his flight to the Queen at York, and the
expulsion from Lancashire of most of his forces, leaving Lathom
summoned.

Manchester had now become the head quarters of the Parlia-
mentary force in Lancashire, and Wigan that of the Royalists, —
namely, of the troops which Lord Derby had collected anew, after
delivering up his three regiments, the result of his early musters,
to the King at Shrewsbury.

Extracts from Contemporary Newspapers as to Minor Events, pbeceding
the Parliamentary Reduction of Preston.

Mercurius Aulicus, p. 4, Jan. 3, 1642-3.
Letters from Col. Hastings report to the House the intercepting by a private
gentleman of fifty cases of pistols intended for Manchester by Sir William Brere-
ton, " the only man excepted in his Majesty's pardon for the county of Chester."

70 MOVEMENTS IN LANCASHIRE.

Speciall Passages, No. 22, 3-11 Jan. (p. 179.)

Reported from Manchester that Sir Thomas Fairfax, sent by his father Lord
Fairfax to assist Bradford with his troops of horse, had sent to Manchester from
thence Sir John Goodridge, Sir Thomas Danby, Mr. Hilliard, serjeant-major, and
others of good qualitie prisoners, taken between Bradford and Leeds. See the
account of this fight (Dec. 18) appended to Lister's Autobiography, p. 65, and the
editor's note at page 14.

Mercurius Aulicus, Jan. 10, p. 16.

That Col. Hastings (see above) had intercepted match, bandeliers, See. going to
Manchester ; that the Earl of Essex had used the men intended for Manchester to
fill up his regiments ; that the town was in want of money, and Parliament had
declined sending down Sir John Seaton, until it could be provided.

Perfect Diurnall (Cooke's representatives) No. 31, Jan. 10.

Mention, in letters from Lancashire, that the Earl of Newcastle had been made
Lord General of Cheshire and Lancashire, in place of the unsuccessful Earl of
Derby, ordered to attend the King at Oxford, who had nevertheless endeavoured
to obtain the signatures of the Lancashire Royalist gentry to a petition in favour
of his remaining.

Continuation of certain Speciall and Remarkable Passages, Jan. 12, 1642-3,

No. 27, p. 4.

" It being also informed from Manchester that there was one Sir John Talbot,
a great Papist, but one that hath all this while stood as a neuter betwixt the King
and Parliament, who living within two or three miles of Manchester, 1 sent thither
in a very friendly manner, and invited some of the chiefe of them there to come to
his house, promisinge them very kind usage and some further courtesies by way of
complyance with them. But they of Manchester placing little confidence in his
word, sent out a small party of horse to the said Sir John Talbot's, to discover the
preparations hee had made for theire entertainment, and whether the same was
not a treacherous plot to betray them into his hands, as indeed upon enquiry it
proved to be ; for the said Sir John had secretly provided in his stables above an
hundred horse fitted with all accoutrements, theire riders being neare at hand
upon occasion to set upon the Manchester men.

" But this being discovered, the Manchester forces being too few to deale with

1 Manchester is evidently named here instead of Ribchester, in the neighbourhood of
which Sir John Talbot resided,— namely, at Salebury Park, the Kibble being the river
intended, but " Manchester" is correctly used elsewhere.

TAKING OF PRESTON. 71

them, retreated back to the towne,and about three hundred of them went presently
to the said Sir John Talbot's, (who was then with all his horse upon flight) pursued
them and killed divers of them, took about twenty of his horse, drove others into a
river, where the riders were drowned, and their horses taken, and have seized upon
the said Sir John's house, where they found good pillage."

XXIII.

The true relation of the taking of the Town of Preston by Colonell
Beaton's forces from Manchester, sent in a letter from a worthy
minister (an eye-witnesse thereof) to an emminent Divine in
London. 1

Worthy Sir,

Be pleased to accept this poor rude paper, it is a messenger
sent to tell you good tydings: we have assembled and taken
Preston, a towne very considerable, and which much tends to the
advancement of the publike work in this County, and not so
altogether impertinent to the kingdom. We were about 900 or
1000 Firemen, horse and foot, and about 600 Bill-men, Hal-
berdiers and Club-men; our march in the night was tedious,
especially to many who had marched the night before, and to accom-
modate us in that, God gave us a faire night such as had not beene
of a space before, yea and indeed the day forerunning threatened
us a very foule night ; this was of Cod.

Our men assaulted it a little before sunrising, in an houre's time
they were masters of it ; it was well fortified with Brick Walls
outer and inner; our men (but especially three companies that
came from Manchester) fell on with notable resolution; Captain

1 This account (by the vicar of Dean) contains several particulars not contained in
the other contemporary account of the same event which follows it, and is taken from
a broadside in the Collection of Miscellaneous Sheets in the British Museum (King's
Collection). Both are blended together in the account given in Vicars's Parliamentary
Chronicle, Part I. (God in the Mount) p. 268.

72 TAKING OF PRESTON.

John Booth scaled their walls, bidding his soldiers either follow him,
or give him up, but they forgetting their owne safety followed him.

The garrison fought it out stoutly: they kept their inner
workes with push of pike, and also the breach they kept with their
swords, which aggravates the matter.

We have not lost above three or four men (very strange) falling
upon them in their Workes. Of theirs I saw lying in one street
end at least five or six, besides other parts of the Towne severall,
and many in the Houses, not calling for quarter : And as if men
must have been singled out for slaughter we could scarce have
picked out better, the Major (that was resolute to desperatnesse in
the cause, that had oftentimes been heard sweare " He would fire
the towne ere he gave it up, and beginne with his owne house") was
slain, and that very day he had appointed to constrain the well-
affected, or to have seiz'd on their estates, Sir Gilbert Houghton's
brother, a Captain and a desperate papist, Mr. Westby a Physician
and a desperate papist ; a serjeant to the freehold, that lately came
out of Ireland, a most wicked wretch, were of the number of the
slain.

Severall of our men are shot, but none mortally (its notable),
many are shot in two or three or four several places, and neither
to death nor dangerously : we have taken some prisoners of note,
Captain Farrington, Sir John Talbofs son, one Fleetwood, and they
say, Anderton of Clayton, if so, I assure you he is one of the most
considerable men for estate and activity and estate in the County,
and many others with many arms, and a large part of things
justly, and by plunder (alas, that that, it is so much lamented but
most hard to be prevented) seized on : more prisoners of note we
had been possessed of, but that honest flight rescued them. The
fruit of this design is not yet perceived, but will shine forth more
and more, I am confident. It blocks up the way that all the
north-east part of Lancashire, where were the chief Malignants and
the cream of the Earl's forces ; yea and indeed they will come in
(I am persuaded and partly perceive already) and subscribe to the
propositions.

TAKING OF PRESTON. 73

So soon as matters were settled, we sung praises to God in the
streets (Sir, it was wonderfull to see it), the sun brake forth and
shined brightly and hot, in the time of the exercise, as if it had
been Midsummer.

Truly, Sir, we owe (subordinate to God) a great deal to Sir
John Seaton : things are artificially and methodically done, past
what they were before, he is a man of wonderfull care and un-
wearied industry, onely rather too harsh for our northern knotty
rigged dispositions ; had he the meek spirit and smooth tongue of
S. M. Sparrow, he were peerlesse, and without parallel doubtlesse.
Sir, I am in hast just come from Preston, and the post about to
take horse, pardon my rudenesse and brevity; onely I beseech
you assist us in praises, that we may not loose God for want of
praises, and pray for us that plunder cry not louder for justice,
than prayer for mercy.

Remember my love and service to your wife. Farewell is the
wish of

Your humble servant and respective friend,

John Tilsley.
Preston, Feb. 11, 1642.

Postscript.

Anderton of Clayton is out of question taken, Captain Preston
taken also, he with Captain Farrington came this night to Preston.
The Serjeant, mentioned before, was an Irish Rebell, and Fleetwood
before named was he that killed the man in Manchester, at that
time the Earl came thither a little before the late siege.

London, printed by J. R. for Luke Fawn, Feb. 14, 1642.

XXIV.

A perfect Relation of the Talcing of the Towne of Preston in Lanca-
shire by the Parliaments Forces under the command of Colonell Sir
John Seaton, on Thursday, the ninth day of February 1642. As it

74 TAKING OF PRESTON.

was certified by some Gentlemen of repute in the same County , to a
member of the House of Commons, with the names of those that were

Together with very good news from Cheshire.

Ordered by the Commons in Parliament that this Letter be forthwith

printed and published. H. Elsynge, Cler. Pari. D. Com.
London, Printed for Edward Husbands, and are to be sold at his

Shop in the Middle Temple. Febr. 16, 1642.

A Perfect Relation of the taking of the Town of Preston
in Lancashire, &c.
Good Sir,
Our due respects premised, I have often mentioned a designe,
but now, praised be God, there is one acted, the happy successe
and victory the Lord of Hosts hath given our Lancashire Forces.
Upon Munday last Sir John Seaton (the Major Generall) marched
from this Town, attended with Serjeant Major Sparrow, Colonell
Holland, Capt. Booth, Serjeant Major Birch, with them three foot
companies, and as many from Boulton; all these came to Blackburn
upon Tuesday night ; thence marched along with them four or
five foot companies of Blackburn Hundred, under the command of
Captain Nowell of Mearly, and other Captains, towards Preston,
together with two thousand club men upon Wednesday night, and
betimes the next morning. They fell upon the Towne couragi-
ously, and after about two hours fight they entered it, Capt. John
Booth first entered, behaving himselfe most bravely ; there was a
great strife between Collonell Hollands company and Capt. John
Booths which should first have entrance. The Major Generall
behaved himself gallantly at the end of the Church-street, where
the entry was made ; our musquiets beat them from their centeryes
and from the steeple. There dyed of the Popish party, the Major
of the Town (Master Adam Morte) who killed one of the
Collonells men with push of his pike, but afterwards lost his own
life for it, together with his son, and also M. Radcliff Hoghton,
captain of the horse, (and brother to Sir Guilbert Hoghton) Ser-

TAKING OF PRESTON. 75

jeant Major Purvey, (lately come out of Ireland) and the Popish
Doctor, Dr. Westby, with two or three Lievtenants and others more
of quality, are likewise slain, and divers others which I saw were
mortally wounded, and to some procured Surgeons. Sir Guilbert
Hoghton escaped by flight to Wigom, and what more I cannot tell.
Captain Farrington and Captain Preston are brought prisoners
yesternight. Old Master Anderton of Clayton (their great Popish
commander) is taken. Master George Talbot (Sir John Talbots
son) Master Richard Fleetwood, Master Blundells, Mr. Abbott, Mr.
Maudisly, two Thomas Hoghtons, Captain Hoghton, (Sir Guilberts
nephew) Ralph Shorrock, John Hylton, and divers others of meaner
qualitie, above two hundred, and your cousin, Master Townly of
Townly, escaped narrowly.

My Lady Hoghton, my Lady Girlington, and Mrs. Townly, were
also taken as prize. We tooke three pieces of ordnance, a mur-
dering piece, a great number of niusquiets, and many horses, with
two or three colours, and divers were pillaged to a purpose. Few
friends have suffered to any value ; there were but two barrells of
powder found in the town. We had only three or four common
souldiers, not an officer slain on our side ; we gave the enemy no
leisure to annoy us with their guns, our entry was so quick, and
the execution done was most with the sword. All the companies
except Captain Nowells stayes there, and I thinke does intend to
garrison that Town. The fruits of this successe are a large con-
tribution out of the adjacent parts for maintenance of our forces,
and an interruption of the passage from Newcastle to Chester and
Shrewsbury. Of what further concernment it is to our Country I
need not relate to you, and in what sort it will be good for the
Kingdom you are able to conceive. Upon our fasting and praying
on Wednesday last, God has given us this victory. Deo detur
gloria.

From Chester very good news. Master Lee of Adlington hath
left his home ; his Tennants, Friends, and arms, are now for the
Militia. They beat our new Earl and all those Popish ones every
dav in some place, driving them from hold to hold, and killing with

76 TAKING OF PRESTON.

good successe. I pray you thank God for us, and pray we may
proceed with successe, and that we may heare good news from
your parts shall be the daily task of

Your loving friends to serve you.

Manchester, this 10 of Feb. 1642.

You are desired to hasten the money, and what other supplies
you can.

Major Sparrow denyes all hath been spoken in his commendation.
He hath wholly surprized and taken the good affections of all our
Country Gentlemen who are Captains, whereof I am right glad he
acted his part in this and the contriving thereof very well, nor do
I know that any man was defective in his duty, but all very cou-
ragious.

The Ladyes and Gentlewomen of note found here are guarded.

14 Febr. 1642.

It is ordered by the Commons in Parliament, that this Letter
bee forthwith printed and published.

H. Elsynge, Gler. Pari. D. Com.

XXV.

First Assault-on-Bolton le Moors by Lord Derby's Wigan Forces,
Feb. 16, 1 642-3, from "Speciall Passages and Certain Informations
from severall Places, collected for the use of all that desire to be
tritely informed. From Tuesday the 14 of February to Tuesday
the 20 of February, 1643."

Manchester, ye 18 (Saturday) of February.

We have been wonderfully delivered this weeke out of our
enemies hands, for on Thursday last at Bolton the enemy came

ASSAULT ON BOLTON. 77

upon our men in such an unexpected, suddaine, and violent manner,
that they quickly seized upon our outworkes ; but they were againe
beaten off with such undaunted courage of our souldiers, that they
were glad to flie in a confused manner. On our side was slaine
five common souldiers, but how many of theirs cannot be easily
guessed, by reason of their usuall sleights of conveyance, for in
many places were found some quantity of them dead ; in one
house no lesse than ten, besides not a few that were dangerously
wounded.

Newes came hither last night that our partie sent hence had
taken Lancaster, and that Captain Birch is left there governor for
us : but of the truth of this letter you shall hear by the next post.

A more particular letter from Manchester) 18 Feb.

On Thursday morning last the enemie approached the Towne
of Bolton, with the forces from Wigon at the top of the Picks
(which is within a mile of the Towne) before that there was any
certaine intelligence brought unto them within, so that the enimie
was in view before they were aware ; and marching furiously on,
their horses presently surrounded the towne, and by the guidance
of some of our neighbours that were amongst them, and of the
company, so observed the ways and bridges, that if they saw any
come into the aid of the towne, they presently road at them, and
took their arms from them, such as they had, pitchforks and the
like ; but not many were thus met with, for upon the sight of the
horse the unarmed men rather drew backe, for the present being
no considerable number, and the foote came marching downe
towards Bradshaw Gate end, where there was a great worke, and
some company of musketeers placed therein, but the enemie so
furiously set upon them at that place both with muskets and great
cannon, that they forced them out of that worke (but there was
another worke at Hardmans, of the Crosses) and presently they
having wheeled about get betwixt us and the towne, and forced
Captain Ashurst (who kept that end of the towne) to retreat
towards the towne ; and the truth is, he had stayed so long in the

78 ASSAULT ON BOLTON.

worke, that the enemie began to breake in upon them, so much
that they came to hand blows, whereby the Captaine slew one man
with his skeane, and one of his souldiers thrust another through
with his pike. The enemie having taken the foresaid workes,
came to the houses that lay without the chaine, and fired one of
them, got into some others, and shot out of them, and then fired
another lone house on the backside, and then fired a third house or
barne with hay in it, and at last beat our men from the house side
at the mud wall end, so that they were forced to fall backward and
loose ground ; but as it pleased God, the Capt. Lieutenant, and
Soldiers, so well expressed their undaunted courage, that they sent
them such stormes of bullets into the houses as powdered them to
purpose. Then Captain Ashurst with some sixteen musketeers
breake through a house, and shot awhile with good successe, and
afterwards seeing them march up madly, commanded them all to
shoote at once, and to flore the enemie, if possible they could,
which through Gods providence they did, and so beate them off
that they durst not come up any more, but drew away their dead
and bleeding souldiers, retyred further of, and perceiving the
shouts of the country people, that came in in great numbers, tooke
what they could suddenly, and glad they could get away.

The Lord hath given us respite for a little time, that we may
prepare for another bout. It may be they will not let the matter
rest thus. Our word was, " God is my helped and he was so indeed,
for he helped us against them that els would have devoured us. It
is credibly reported that as the enemies got into the houses, they
were (heard) commanded to fire the houses as they went, and that
if any called for quarter they should not heed them, but slay and
kill all, man, woman, and children. Oh the horrid cruelty that
these men have attained to ; nothing now but fire and sword, kill
and slay. But I trust the God that hath delivered and doth
deliver, will still yet deliver, though not for our merit yet for his
mercies sake, to whom be praise and glory for ever and ever.

TAKING OF HOUGHTON TOWER. 79

XXVI.

A punctuall relation of the passages in Lancashire this weeke,

I. Containing the taking of Houghton Tower by the Parliaments
Forces, and the perfidious treachery of the Papists, who after they
had upon quarter yielded up the Tower, treacherously set fire to a
traine of powder and blew up Captaine Starkey with above a
hundred men,

II. How the Earle of Derbie's Forces made an onset on the Towne of
Boulton, and was drivin off with the losseof an hundred men, and
but eight on the Town side.

III. The taking of the Towne and Castle of Lancaster, by Sergent-
Major Birch.

Printed in the Year 1643.

A punctuall Relation of Passages in Lancashire, this weeke.
February 14, 1642.

I shall not now be troublesome to make a second Relation of
what was done the last weeke in our parts, as how it pleased God
to deliver Preston unto our hands, after a sharpe assault upon it
and two houres fight by our forces in the Towne, there being
divers of quality slaine on the Towne's side, and but three common
souldiers on our part, nor how it hath pleased the Almighty to
blesse our proceedings there since the taking of that Towne by
bringing in multitudes of the country thereabouts, to joyne with
our side, and how our men have taken divers Papists and Malig-
nants of greatest eminency thereabouts, and have caused many
others to comply with them and to pay great Fines for their
present peace. Nor how Sir John Seton and Colonell Holland have
all things after their owne mindes in these parts. But my intent
is to proceed to relate of what hath happened since in our parts,
viz. That upon Tuesday, being the 14th of this instant, there was
sent from Preston three Captaines and their Companies, to the
number of about three hundred, the most of BlacJcebome men to

80 BLOWING UP OF HOUGHTON TOWER.

take a castle called Haughton Tower 1 (belonging to Sir Gilbert
Haugliton) which lies between Preston and BlacJcebome, and was
fortified with three great pieces of ordnance, and some say with
betwixt thirty and forty musqueteers, and some say more. Our
men approaching near the said Tower first shot against it to
summon it, whereupon they in the Tower desired half an houres
time to consider what they should doe, which was granted unto
them accordingly, after which the result of the parley was that
they would deliver up the Tower to our men upon quarter, which
was by our men granted unto them as they desired. Whereupon
our men (thinking all had beene as was pretended by them) entered
the Tower ; and Captain Starkey of Blackeborne, a worthy gen-
tlemen, and his Company, were the first that entred into the said
Tower, and in the same found good store of armes and powder
strewed upon the stairs; wherefore he with his company going
into the upper rooms of the said Tower to search for more, were
most treacherously and perfidiously blown up by two of them to
whom they had before given quarter, who had a traine of powder

1 Hoghton Tower, which has been already mentioned as the place where its gallant
owner Sir Gilbert fired his beacon as a signal for the Koyalists to muster, is described
by Dr. Whitaker, in his Whalley, as the only specimen in his neighbourhood of a true
baronial residence, with two courts, crowning the summit of an elevated ridge, and
appearing at a distance like a fortified town.

The accidental explosion here mentioned is further noticed in the Valley of Achor ;
and in Nichols' King James s Progresses (iii. 398) will be found an ample account of the
place, with remarks on the celebrated injunction as to Sunday sports said to have been
promulgated here by that monarch in 1617, after a speech on the subject at Mirescough
on the day preceding.

For remarks and authorities on this subject, interesting to every one who would
investigate Lancashire history, or appreciate the character of its peasantry, the reader
is referred to Hallam's Constitutional History, and Cardwell's Documentary Annals. The
injunction (after being somewhat modified by 1 Car. I. cap. 1) was republished by
Charles in 1633, and in 1643 ordered by the Parliament to be burnt by the common
hangman. Among the instances of bold and steady resistance to this Injunction,
may be mentioned that of Mr. Ashurst of Ashurst (whose son afterwards appears in
these pages as a collector of subscriptions for distresses in Lancashire), which is stated
by Baxter, in the funeral sermon of the latter in 1681, to have been sanctioned by the
approval of the judges, in proceedings instituted against the magistrate at the instance
of the King and Council.

TAKING OF HOUGHTON TOWER. 81

laid, and when Captain Starkey and his men, to the number of
above one hundred, were above in the House, gave fire to the said
traine, and blew both him and all his men, with the top of the
House up, threescore whereof were afterwards found, some without
armes and some without legges, and others fearefull spectacles to
looke upon. Six of them whom, they had given quarter unto, they
had in hold, the rest got away before, but our men have the Tower
and three pieces of great Ordnance that were cast besides clivers
Armes. And thus ended this lamentable Tragedy of these per-
fidious creatures whose religion will allow them to make no con-
science of dealing treacherously with Protestants, as also to blow
up whole states and kingdoms at one blast ; and as for my part, I
shall no more believe the treaties nor cessations that they shall
agree to, then I will believe that the Pope and Devill can pardon
them, when they have broken them.

There was left to keep Boulton, which lies betwixt Manchester
and Wigan, Colonell Ashton, Captaine Bulkley of Ouldham, Captaine
Scoffield of Rochdale, Captaine Hoult of Bury, and Captaine
Ashurst of Badcliffe-B ridge, and all their companies to the number
of 500. Upon Thursday morning last there came against this
Towne, within a mile of it (before they had any certaine intel-
ligence) from Wiggan, of my Lord Barbie's Forces, eleven Colours,
two Companies of Dragooners, and some Troopes of Horse with
their Cannons, who marched on so furiously, that by the guidance
of some Malignant neighbours, had surrounded the Town before it
was well aware, and had so stopt the passages that scarse any helpe
could come from the country to relieve the Towne. The enemy
gave the first assault at Bradshaw gate end of the Towne, where
the Towne had three sconces, but the enemy set upon our men
that were in them so resolutely, that they beate them from their
workes, and forced them to retreate and leave them, and to runne
with much difficultie and hazard towards a mudde wall and chaine
which they had a little nearer the towne to save themselves ; but
amongst the rest Captaine John Ashurst was sore put to it, for as
hee retreated towards the Towne with twenty-four men, there was

82 ATTACK ON BOLTON.

sixty enemies got between him and home ; and yet after sharpe
bickering and the losse of a man or two, hee got safe to the chaine,
having slaine one man with his owne hands, and his souldiers two
or three more with their but ends of their muskets. When the
enemy had gained these out-workes, they came furiously upon the
mudde wall and chaine, and had thought to have broke through
all, but there was such sharp service for a great while together as
I think hath seldome beene heard of. They played sore upon our
Workes with their ordnance, and shot quite through our mudde
walls, which were two yards thicke, and one of their bullets, after
it had runne through, hit a man on the leg and broke it. They
shot iron bullets of five or six pound weight ; they also came up to
the breast of our workes, even upon the mouthes of our muskets,
but wee received them so valiantly, and played on them so fast,
that they could not enter there. Whereupon part of them fell off
to the left, and entred five houses at the end of the Towne, the
first being a Malign ants, into which they were freely suffered to
come into, and so out of those houses they played on the reere of
our men that kept the Fort, and the rest played as fast on the
front of them, insomuch that our men were forced for a while to
give ground from their works. Whilst they thus shot out of the
houses, they slew two of Captaine Bucklies men, and killed Ser-
geant Major Leighs horse under him ; and as he was getting on the
backe of another, he was shot through the arme, yet hee and his
men stood to it very courageously, and hee called forth a squadron
to goe against the houses which the enemy had taken. And one
Scolcs, his man, the first shot he made kild two of the men that
had shot Serjeant Major Leigh in the arme, then two of our men
entred one of the houses with the great ends of their muskets, and
cleared that house, and entred upon the next, where there was
such a threshing as never was heard of before, for besides the hand
blowes that past, the enemy was so desperate that three times they
came to the ends of their muskets, and catcht hold of them as they
went off. Then Captaine John Ashurst broke through a house on
the backe of them with sixteen musquettiers ; and the enemy

ATTACK ON BOLTON. 83

coming upon him very furiously, commanded them all to discharge
at once, and to cleare the enemy if they could, which was per-
formed so well that through God's providence, that they beate
them away, and they never came up againe ; but before they went
away they fired three of the houses, but our men pulled down a
house before them, that it did no further hurt. They also killed a
woman and a childe, whilest they were in the houses, and swore
they would leave neither man nor woman in the Towne. But
praised be the Almighty, they could not attaine their bloody de-
signes, for in conclusion they were beaten both out of the workes
and houses they had taken; and when they heard the country
began to come showting into our assistance, with a great deal of
losse but more shame, they were glad to retire to their hold of
Wiggan again, taking along with them two or three cart loads of
dead bodies, and left behind them in their workes that they durst
not take with them, twelve dead, and divers others mortally
wounded, insomuch that it is thought there was slaine and wounded
on their side nere upon a hundred men, whereof one was a Cap-
taine named Ashton of PenJcet, and of our side we lost but eight or
ten at the most, but never a commander. The chiefe niannagers
of this exploit of theirs was Anderton of Lostock, Anderton of
Burchly, and Sir Gilbard Garrard, with some others of note, being
all recusants. Whilest they were thus busie fighting at Boulton,
some foure troopes of horse, and seaven colours of foote, went a
plundering about little Lever, but durst not stay to doe any great
harme. Our men fought like lyons, and amongst the rest Oolonell
Ashton himselfe behaved himselfe very valarously, and shot with
his owne hands as fast as he was able. And I verily beleeve a
sharper bout hath never beene in our country fought. And indeed
God did both exceedingly put courage into our men, and also fight
for them, otherwise in all likelyhood wee had both lost the day,
the Towne, our lives and all. There came to have aided us all the
Club men in Middleton, Ouldham, and Rachdale, and old Captaine
Radcliffe with two hundred fresh souldiers from Manchester, besides
the country thereabouts to the number of one thousand five hun-

84 TAKING OF LANCASTER.

dred men, but it was too late, they were gone away to Wiggan
before these came.

From Preston there was sent Sergeant Major Birch to Lancaster,
to view whether the Townes were fortified strongly against him or
no, who finding no great opposition, with his owne company entred
the Towne, and after the Towne joined with him, and they went
against the Castle, wherein was Master Kirby, one of the Knights
of the Shire, and Sir Jo. Girlington, with some other forces, who
perceiving they were not able to resist, stole away out of the
Castle, and so Captaine Birch took possession of it.

XXVIII.

An Account of the Burning of Lancaster, Storming of Preston by
Lord Derby, and Major Brewyers Defeat of the Parliamentarians
(Royalisfs Account) from Mercurius Aulicus, March 26 —
April 2, 1642-3, p. 159.

" But to give satisfaction for this ill newes, for ill newes it was,
though not so bad as some have made it, 1 there came newes as
good, which was a punctual and exact relation of the good successe
befallen the Earle of Darby in Lancashire, of whom it is affirmed
by an expresse from thence, that upon Monday, March 13, he
marched out of Wigan, with 600 foot and 400 horse, and quartered
on Tuesday night at Kirkham, where the countrie people, to the
number of 3000, being wearied with the insolence and tyrannie of
the Rebels, came with great cheerfulnesse unto him : that upon that
day he came within four miles of Lancaster, intending to take from
the rebels those pieces of ordinance which they before had seized
on from a Spanish ship, 2 and the next day was met by Sir John

1 Alluding to the defeat of Lord Herbert, at Newnham, in Gloucestershire, by
Waller.

8 See more on this subject in GooVs lift-up hand for Lancashire, and the Valley of
Achor, following.

THE BURNING OF LANCASTER. 85

Girlington and Colonell Tildesley with 600 men, whereof 300 were
musketeers, and so went to Lancaster.

" That upon Saturday, March 18, they summoned the Towne,
being well fortified, and manned with 600 musketeirs under the
command of Lieutenant Colonell Holcroft, Serjeant Major Sparrow,
and Serjeant Major Hey wood; which being refused after two
houres hot service, they forced the mote, and drave the Rebels into
the Castle. That Captaine Shuttleworth (a member of the House
of Commons) and many of his Townsmen, were killed at the Castle
gate, the Maior and diverse of the Townsmen, such as were most
seditious, being taken prisoners. That laying siege to the Castle,
the Earle of Darby was advertized by his espials, Munday, March
19, that Sir John Seton, with 1500 musketeers and some troopes of
horse, were come from Preston, having drawne together, to make
up that body, the most part of the forces which they had in all the
towns and places of importance in the whole county. That the
Earle taking notice of this opportunity, drawing his army into
battalia, forced the enemy, and in the meane time, whilest they
expected to be charged, sent a considerable party towards Preston,
being thus left destitute, and set fire on Lancaster, that it might be
no receptacle to the beaten Rebetts. That in the taking of Preston
(the news of which you had in the former week) 1 there was killed
in the place 80 of the rebels, whereof Captain Ashworth and
Captain Will. Shuttleworth were the chief, and about 3 or 400
prisoners taken, of which Captain Standish was one, together

1 The particulars respecting Preston in the preceding number of Mercurius Aulicus,
here alluded to, are (as given from letters dated March 21) : —

That the Earl attacked it about ten o'clock, on the night of Monday, March 22d,
and became master of it after two hours hot fight, with the loss of ten or twelve men
only. That the rebels' magazine was there, and that Roseworm, Shuttleworth, Holland,
and Ashton, were in the town not long before the assault. That the younger Shuttle-
worth was slain, and his whole troop defeated, two days before, by Lord Molineux.
And that when Lord Derby came away from Lancaster, he brought the mayor and
many others, prisoners, with him.

See the preceding Tract, respecting Captain "William Shuttleworth's death at Lancas-
ter (and not at Preston), which first statement agrees with the pedigree of the family,
in Whitaker's Whalley, 3rd edit. p. 339.

86 THE BURNING OF LANCASTER.

with one brass piece of ordnance. That after the said Towne
was taken, his Lordship had especial care to preserve the place, and
only gave command that the houses of those who had betrayed the
Towne before should be responsall to his Majestie for theire
Masters treason, whose goods his Lordship ordered to be seized
and equally divided among the soldiers. That the next morning,
being March 22, the whole Country came in with apparent joy,
and many signal affections of their good affections to his Majestie,
flinging up their hats, and shouting out, God blesse the King, and
the Earle of Darby. And finally, to make up the summe, it was
advertized also in the same Expresse, that the same day Serjeant
Major Brewyer, who commanded his Lordships regiment of horse,
did with a troope of his defeat two troopes of dragooners, being
140 in the to tall, under the command of Captaine N orris, taking
the Captaine himself prisoner, together with 40 of his souldiers,
and having killed no lesse than 50 in the very place. So as now
the Earle hath abundance of ammunition, the want whereof did
hinder his Lordships good proceedings against the Rebells."

XXIX.

Lancaster's Massacre, or the new way of advancing the Protestant
Religion, and expressing loyaltie to the King and Queene, namely,
to cut the throats of Protestant men, women, and children, as lately
the Papists and Malignants did at Lancaster. Belated in a letter
from a Gentleman of great note in Lancashire to a friend m
London, who the Bookseller can name, which Letter is here printed
verbatim.

London, Printed for Tho. Underhill, at the Bible in Wood Street,
April 1, 1 643.

A Copie of a Letter from a Gentleman of great worth in Lan-
cashire^ to his friend in London, who the stationer can name.

I have not time to write any large discourse, the news is not so

good, but you may heare enough of it ; yet rather than let you be
abused with falacies, I will give you the summe of all briefly.
After the taking the ordnance from the Spanish ship, we carried
them all safe to the castle of Lancaster ; within few dayes after the
Earle of Barbie advanced towards us, all the Papists rising wholly
with him. Our Major having notice of it, sent to Boulton and
Manchester for relief for us. Mr. Ashton undertook the charge,
and advanced as far as Garston, and hearing that the ennemie fled
upon his coining, he returned to Preston. Whereupon the Earl
readvanced towards us, and after some two hours hard fight, with
the great slaughter of our enemie (for we could at several times
see two or three of their colours fall at once, and bodyes lye on
heaps) they dispersed themselves among the hedges, and at the
back of the houses, and set the town on fire. This inforced our
men to retire to the Castle ; whereupon the enemie entered the
town, and killed man, woman, and children, with all barbarous
crueltie, dragging poore people from their houses, and cutting their
throats with butchers knives : they set fire round the town and
departed. We had no victuals in the Castle ; the well there was
presently drunk drie ; but we issued out again into the burned
town, tooke divers of the enemies there remaining prisoners, and
out of the store yet unburned we victualled ourselves for a good
time. Thus we lay two or three hours, the enemie encompassing
us on all sides, but (we were without any feare of danger) at last
the Major Generall and Master Ashton came to relieve us : they
drew all the strength of Preston and adjacent parts with them.
The Earl lying at Elhvell, they drew to CoJceram, and passed by
him to us. The Earle, who was no way able to have fought with
them, took this opportunitie of the town of Prestons weaknesse,
and fell back upon it, and took it that night. Master Hopwood
and Peter Shaw were there taken, and yet escaped again. I know
not the losse that there received ; I am sure it was overmuch. At
my going past I left my armour, clothes, and a hundred muskets
there ; these are lost, I having nothing left. Upon notice, the
Earl was marched towards Preston ; Sarjeant Major Sparrow and

88 Lancaster's massacre.

Master Ashton followed him ; he had the towne before we came,
and as we are certainlie informed, all this crueltie arises from the
Earl of Barbie, who hath taken all the great Papistes into his
counsell, who before were not admitted, who have put him upon
this craell massacre, and all rise with him as one man ; and if it be
in their power, will not leave a true Protestant in these parts. If
God and good people do not look upon us, which God grant they
may, this countrie will be open for the Queene to passe with her
forces, who hath alreadie sent 1100 to Skipton, toward Blagborne.
Being in haste I cannot inlarge, but rest

Your faithful!
Lancaster, the 25 friend,

March, 1643. J. H. 1

XXX.

Gods Lift up Hand for Lancashire, presented in a Sermon, Preached
before the Honorable Committee of the County at Lancaster, Upon
the ISthof December 1645. Being a Solemne day of Thankesgimng
to God for clearing of the County, in subduing the enemies thereof
By Nehemiah Bar net, Minister at Lancaster.

London. Printed by W. Wilson for John Williams and are to be
sold at the Crown in Pauls Churchyard. 1646. 12mo. pp. 47. 2

ee Isaiah xxvi. 1 1. Lord when thy hand shall devoure them.

"I shall not now lead you abroad to behold a sight

1 On the last page of this tract is a woodcut, exhibiting the Lady of Babylon riding
on a seven-headed monster, with toads proceeding from her mouth towards three
figures, representing a monk, a bishop, and a noble, or gentleman, who are inhaling
the same, and whom the female figure (which is attired as pope) addresses with the
words, " Estote proditores, betray yourselves ! " In the title page there is also a shield,
charged with a cross, inverted.

8 This extract is inserted out of the order as to date, from the illustration which it
gives of a preceding Tract (p. 84), as to the cannon taken to Lancaster, mentioned also

THANKSGIVING SERMON. 89

of the lift up hand of God, protecting and prospering our Armies
by Sea and Land ; but I shall keep me within the confines of this
County —

" 1. Looke back unto the Infancy of these bloudy times by our
unnaturall wars and consider the unskilfulnesse of our Com-
manders and soldiers ; but Gods lift up hand which put

the worke into their hands at the very first assault of

Manchester.

" 2. Look upon the number of our soldiers at that time, not
above five hundred firemen, 1 against thousands that came against
that then naked and unfortified towne of Manchester, yet prevailed
not, but were driven backe with losse and shame and would not
see God's lift up hand against them, though he caused the heavens
at that time to weep for them, who could not weep for themselves.

" Look upon the little Elbow roome, we then had in the County,
for when Gods lift up Hand had appeared gloriously in Saltford
Hundred, BlacJcbourne Hundred was the onely other Hundred in
the Countie that was most forward and next appeared in the same
cause, then our Enemies commanded all the Castles in the County,
had foure Garrisons for one, four parts of the County to command
two parts and could command as many adjacent Counties for their
assistance.

" 3. Look upon the many meanes and advantages ; they had many
roaring, thundering, terrifying Cannons, we but one small peece :
one (Mr. Angeer) said well of them, theirs did but play, but did no
worke ; whilst the lift up hand of the God of the Seas was working
with the windes to bring a DunMrke Ship, a man of War, that
came from Spaine, furnished with one and twenty Peeces of Brasse

in the Valley of Achor ; and of the temporary abandonment of Lancaster Castle, by
Birch, which is, however, stated (in the Valley of Achor) to have been shortly re-
possessed by the parliament. Several passages of this discourse are borrowed verbatim
from that Tract, as noticed in the introduction to it.

The Committee before whom this discourse was preached, was the " Committee of the
County of Lancaster," constituted under an ordinance of August 29, 1645, hereafter
mentioned.

1 Musqueteers, called, indifferently, firelocks, and firemen.

Iff

90 COMMITTEES OF SEQUESTRATION, ETC.

and Iron Ordnance fit to supply our present wants and to carry
them so neare our strongest Castle, which had no Cannon at all. . . .
" And shall wee not remember the hand of God, in preserving
the Castle of Lancaster, after the Cannons were hastily conveyed
thither; the envy of our Enemies was presently encreased and
therefore with much fury and with all their forces came against
the Towne and Castle and were so hot that they quickly fired the
Towne and thought thereby to have fired or frighted us out of the
Castle and so have gained that which Gods hand had lately given
unto us. Yet unwilling to fight with our Forces that came to
relieve us, fearing thereby they should lose their Plunder, where-
with they were loaden, retreated and took the opportunity to pre-
vaile against Preston which successes surprised the Spirits and
discouraged the hearts of the chief Commander in the Castle that
they thought the safest way for themselves was to march towards
Manchester and quit the Castle."

Members of the Lancashire Committees of Sequestration, &c.

I. 1643, April 1. An Ordinance of the Lords and Commons assembled in
Parliament, for " sequestering notorious Delinquents' Estates." — Hwbands, p. 13.

Committee of Sequestrators for Lancashire (p. 19) :

Sir Ralph Ash ton, Bt. Richard Holland. *John Starkey.

Sir Thomas Stanley, Bt. Edward Butterworth. ^Thomas Birch.

*RalphAshtonofDownham. John Brad shaw. Thomas Fell. — Esquires

RalphAshtonofMiddleton. * William Ashurst. * Robert Cunliffe.

Richard Shuttleworth. Peter Egerton. *Robert Curwen.

Alexander Rigby. George Dodding. *John Nowell. — Gents

John Moore. Nicholas CunlifF.

II. On May 7 (following) another Ordinance was passed, "for levying of
money through England and Wales, for the relief of the Commonwealth, by taxing
such as have not at all contributed or lent, or not according to their estates and abi-
lities ;" and the Commissioners are the same as those of the preceding list of
April 1, omitting the names with a * prefixed. — Ibid. 171.

COMMITTEES OF SEQUESTRATION, ETC. 91

III. A list of the same names as of those appointed on April 1, with the addi-
tion of Thomas Chittatun (Chetham) of Nuthurst, also occurs at p. 572 ibidem, as
the " Lancashire Committee under the Ordinance of Oct. 18, 1644, for an assess-
ment of England and Wales, for the present relief of the British Army in Ireland.''

IV. The same names are also inserted as those of the proposed Lancashire
Commissioners in the Bill presented to the King at Oxford " for the punishment
of scandalous clergymen and others," by the Committees from both Houses (Ibid,
p. 131), with the exception of the names of Stanley, Egerton, and Birch, and with
the names (in addition) of Henry Ashurst, William Ambrose, Henry Doughty,
Kobert Hyde of Denton, John Bradell, Kichard Ashton, Jos. Eadcliffe, Esquires ;
Nicholas Rigby, Thomas Hammond, and John Hayworth, Gents. In this list
also Alexander Rigby de Burgh, who was a Royalist, seems to be inserted by mis-
take instead of Alexander Rigby, afterwards Colonel.

The reader who wishes to identify the Leaders among those who were the lay
supporters of the Parliamentary interest in Lancashire, will learn this precisely by
comparing these four lists with the names of the deputy lieutenants in page 2, pre-
ceding ; the newly appointed magistrates, in p. 60 ; and the Committee of Lanca-
shire (hereafter noticed), as appointed in 1645, and given by Husbands, p. 718.

A Committee for directing sequestrations of ecclesiastical property in Lancashire
was also appointed in 1649 ; but the members of it belonged, (in part,) to a lower
class of society. A list of them is given in Dr. Hibbert's Hist, of the Coll. Church,
i. p. 293.

XXXI.

Manchesters Joy for Derbies Overthrow, or an exact relation of a
famous Victory obtained by the Manchester Forces against the Lord
Strange, Earle of Derby, at Warrington in Lancashire, where the
said Earle was beaten into a Steeple with the losse of many of his
men with a true declaration of what ensued thereupon. Published
to prevent misinformation.

Printed for Bernard Hay ward. 1643.

Manchester's Joy for Derbies Overthrow being an exact Relation
of a great Victory obtained by the Manchesterians against the
Earle of Derby &c.

Tis not unknown to all the Kingdom, that the Manchester Men

92 Manchester's joy.

since the beginning of these distractions have behaved themselves
like men, and to their lasting fame, have expressed themselves
worthy champions for the Gospell of light, loyall subjects to his
Majesty in maintaining the lawes of this Kingdome, faithfull
servants to the parliament in defending their privileges, and worthy
heires of freedom in seeking to preserve the liberty of the subjects
of this land.

To give you a touch of some worthy exployts performed by
them.

First, call to mind how long they were besiedged by the Lord
Strange, and how by their own vallour (encouraged and inabled
by God) and perswaded by the Justice of their cause, they removed
the siedge, and forced the said Earl to fly and leave his Trenches
with the losse of many of his men.

Nor were they satisfied with their own inlargement, but con-
sidering that God had not lent them power and ability to free and
enlarge themselves, but that there was some other end in it, which
consideration produced a publike consultation, that consultation
converted to resolution, resolution prompted them to action, and
such actions as were full of honour, religion and love they made
their freedome the instrument to preserve those that were in
danger of surprizall, and to redeeme those that already were sur-
prized, and all their actions as farre as in them lay, tended to the
security of the peace of that County of which they were the least
considerable part.

First they endeavoured to disarm all papists and evill affected
persons, to the end that they might be disabled to disturbe the
peace of the said County, by rising themselves in Rebellion against
the King, and Parliament, or by assisting the said Earl and his
confederates, who were actual disturbers of the peace of that
County.

Second they endeavoured to their utmost endeavours to expulse
the said Earl and his forces out of the said County, and to take
from him all such townes or places of any strength, which he had
taken and to preserve all other places, as at the present he had not

Manchester's joy. 93

taken, to the end that they might be secured for the service of the
King, and Parliament.

In this service they underwent many hot skirmishes in which
(if fame speake truth) the said Earle had no greate cause to boast
of his greate victories, for had he not prevailed by his treacherous
designs more then by his martiall attempts, I believe he had been
a strange Lord in those parts before this time.

Yet notwithstanding he hath so long escaped that deserved
judgement, which dogs him at the heels yet let him and his con-
federates know, that every minute the score is inlarged, and the
longer the time, the larger the reckoning ; they that clime the
mountain of Iniquity must come into the Vale of Repentance —
blood must have blood — the persecuters on earth shall be perse-
cuted elsewhere. Victory is not chained to his sword, nor successe
to so bloody an abbettor of so base a cause (as the advancement
of t9") that this is apparent see the information which that county
affords.

It is informed that after the Manchester Men had routed the
town of Wiggen in the County of Lancaster, where was quartered
about fourteen hundred of the Earle of Derbies forces, that towne
being the only place of receipt for papists goods and treasure of
papists, where they slew many, and tooke about 800 prisoners, and
500 more quite routed, and above one thousand Arms besides
Ordnance taken and treasure, and goods of papists to the vallue of
twenty thousand pounds.

This Victory beeing obtained without any considerable prejudice
to the Manchesterians, in respect of the great Victory obtained,
they were so fleshed with this, that having rallied their disordered
troops who were scattered about the town to refresh themselves,
being somewhat weary after so hot a skirmish, they marched to-
wards Warrington, a town of great strength where some write the
Lord Strange was quartered, where being arrived they gave a
suddaine a valiant onset against the town, which put the said Earl
and his forces to such a non-plus, that maugre their resistance
they were forced into the Church, to secure themselves, where

94 Manchester's joy.

without all question the said Earl is surprized or slain, for there is
in humane reason no possibility for him to escape, but either he
must yield upon quarter, or fight it out against such odds, as
death inevitable must follow, from either of which proceeds the
suddaine peace of that County and happily of the whole Kingdome,
he being one of the greatest incendiaries, and disturbers of the
peace thereof.

A similar account of the reduction of Wigan and Warrington will be found in
Vicars' Parliamentary Chronicle, part i. 297, stating (among many superfluous
flourishes) that Lord Derby's forces, to the amount of 1400, had been beaten by
Sir John Seaton " in Wiggon in Lancashire, the only or main place of receipt for
the Papists' treasure." His loss is stated at 800 prisoners, 500 quite routed, and
loss of treasure to the amount of £20,000. For the details of this conquest, made
but afterwards abandoned, see more particulars in Rosworm's " Good Services."

Vicars then mentions the advance of the Manchester troops to Warrington,
" with their valued and faithfull German engineer," and anticipations corresponding
with those in this pamphlet, which however were not realized until another assault
took place in the month following.

The circumstances attending the failure of that now alluded to are subjoined in
the following extracts from Mercurius Aulicus, and Burghall's contemporary
Diary. An account of the reduction of Warrington in May, will be found in
the succeeding pages, and a notice of its important consequences in the history of
the siege of Lathom.

XXXII.

Repulse of Manchester Garrison and Sir William Brereton at Warrington,
(Royalists' Army ) from Mercurius Aulicus, p. 179, 1643.

Saturday, April 8. — The first news of this day was of a double defeate given by
the Earle of Derby to Sir William Brereton, at Warrington in Lancashire, a towne
very neare the borders of Cheshire. Brereton coming thither upon an hope of hin-
dering the Earl's proceedings, who was going with part of his forces towards Man-
chester. But Brereton being well beaten at the first onset, with the losse of many
of his men and some of his colours, had no minde to go away till he had perfected
the Earles victorie and his owne overthrow, and therefore drew into the field againe
with the accession of some new forces from Manchester, to play double' or quits.

REPULSE OF BRERETON AT WARRINGTON. 95

Which being perceived by the Earle of Derbie, hee purposely held off from accept-
ing the battaile till the duske of the evening, and then sent some of his owne men
under Brereton's colours to make towards them ; who being taken and indeed mis-
taken for theire owne party, were suffered to joyne with them or come very neare
them upon the one side ; and then the Earle charging very hotly upon the other,
they made a great impression on both sides, and having thus caught them in a
trapp, defeated them with greater slaughter and little labour. But for the parti-
culars of this peece of service, how many of the rebels were taken prisoners, how
many slain, and with what losse on the King's side, is not yet made knowne.

Extract on the same subject, from BurghalVs contemporary Diary, entitled
" Providence Improved," MS. copy in Cole's Collections, Brit. Mus.

1642-3, March 23. — The next week after, Sir William Brereton with most of his
horse went to Nantwich, and in Easter week Manchester men and he with their
forces agreed to meet at Warrington, for the gaining that town from the Earl of
Derby, who had strongly fortified it, being present in his own person. On Monday, in
Easter week, Captain Ardern and some other Captains, with their companies, did
face the town." Here follows an account of a sally of the Royalists, apparently
that alluded to in the Merc. Aulicus, and of subsequent advantages of Sir William,
who was on the point of taking the town (as described in Manchester's Joy, &c.)
had not the Earl fired it, in consequence of which the Parliament forces retired,
" to save it from utter desolation." — p. 116.

XXXIIL

A True Relation of a great and wonderfull Victory obtained by
Captain Ashton and the Parliaments Forces against the Earl of
Derby at Whalley in Lancashire. As it was certified in a letter
from a Gentleman there, to a Member of the House of Commons.

For which great mercie they have appointed a day of Thanksgiving.

London. Printed for Edw. Husbands, and are to be sold at his
shop in the middle Temple. May 8, 1643. 1

A True Relation of a great and wonderfull Victory &c.

Sir, — Though I be from Manchester, yet having this convenient

1 The tide of the Earl of Derby's temporary success in Lancashire appears to have

96 ashton's victory at whalley.

Bearer thither, I thought good to give you a Relation (in which I
desire not to exceed) of Gods great preservation of us, which was
Greater then I mentioned in my last : viz, That the Earl of Derby,
the Lord Mollineux, Sir Gilbert Hoghton, Colonell Tildesly, with
all the other great Papists in this County, issued out of Preston,
and on Wednesday noon came to Ribchester with eleven Troops of
horse, 700 foot, and infinite of club men, in all conceived to be
5000. We lying at Dunkenhalgh-hall with our two Troops hearing
of his great force retreated to Padiam, having before sent to Colonell
Shuttleworth, to raise the Country which he did, all the firemen
came in the next morning (though they have had no pay this 5
weeks) and some few clubmen : I did compute us to be 60 horse,
and some 400 foot, not above five hundred I am sure at the first :
we marched with our horse towards Whalley, where we tooke a
man and 2 geldings of Mr. Lathams the great Papist, and retreated

completely turned with this battle, which was fought on April 20, the Thursday pre-
ceding the writer's date of April 24.

On April 2d, the writer of Mercurius Aulicus stated, that all Lancashire, except Man-
chester, had submitted to the Earl since the success at Preston, and the subsequent vic-
tory of Major Brewyer— that he intended speedily to go to Manchester, and hoped soon to
be master of a considerable army fit for any action in which his Majesty pleased to
employ the same. At this time Bolton was supposed to have fallen to the Earl, but as
mentioned in the Valley of Achor, the second assault of March 28 failed.

Wigan (the Earl's head quarters) was stormed on April 1, chiefly by Colonel Ash-
ton's men, assisted by Roseworm. The town itself, however, was abandoned, and re-
sumed by the Royalists, as more fully stated by Rosworm, and as already mentioned in
p. 94.

Blackburn, in the Perfect Diurnall, of April 6 (No. 43), is stated to have been taken
by the Royalists after Preston, but retaken by Seaton, then besieging Preston with
3000 men.

Then succeeds the corresponding mixture of success and discomfiture at Warrington,
noticed in the preceding Tract, which was the crisis of Derby's fate. It was followed
by the repulse of Tyldesley at Wigan, and the defeat here described, and accompanied
by disappointments consequent on a portion of his troops being ordered southwards
instead of joining in the desired attack on Manchester, with which he had hoped to
crown his success at Preston and Lancaster. For this the reader is referred to Sea-
come, and to the Earl's own simple account, in Peck's Desiderata Curiosa, lib. xi. p. 22,
first edition.

to Read-bank, here we discovered above 150 horse to follow us,
and when our foot was come thither to us, our horse retreated
more, our foot advanced close under a wall, only myself stood and
faced the enemy : I made as though I fled, they pursued me, when
I knew they were in the command of our men, I advanced again and
shot off my pistoll (being the signe for our foot) ; whereupon our
men discharged with a great showt ; the enemies horse fled in great
disorder, we wounded many, took forty prisoners, some horse and
60 musquets, our firemen pursued them to Whalley, where the
Earl of Derby and the rest were in the Abbey, much ado we had
to keep our Souldiers back, the enemy (who were ten for one of
us) discharged his Cannon 5 times, but hurt not a man of us,
(blessed be our good God) he drew into a body, we being out of
order ran under hedges, played upon them with our muskets, and
routed their foot, which fled over the Water, their horse still facing
us, our men still pursued them to Lango-green, where Captain
Ashton and myselfe with much ado caused our first men to stay till
more came up, then our men shot ; their horse fled ; then all our horse
came up and pursued them through Salisbury Park, and to Rib-
chester, and most of their great ones had some touch, or some narrow
escape, as themselves report. And having thus driven them out
of the hundred, we retreated to Padiham, where having a good
Minister, some hours were spent in thanksgiving for this great
deliverance, and be assured it is to be taken (next the first great
bout at Manchester) the greatest deliverance we have had. We
had one day last week, and on Friday next we are to observe a
Thanksgiving both in Salford Hundred and this, with praises to
our God. The intent of the enemy was to overrun this Hundred,
and so to Bolton and Manchester, (as upon examination appears
by the prisoners) and be assured if the Lord had suffered this part
to fail, we had in al probability bin utterly undone. The enemy
stole all horses and beasts as far as they went ; I hope our Gentle-
men in this county will consider to joyn and clear the county ;
This part which before was dejected, is now through Gods mercy

98 RETREAT OF THE ROYALISTS FROM WIGAN.

united and raised, and the common people never more forward, and
the souldiers more couragious, but the Lord is our preserver ;
So desiring still to hear from you, I rest

Your loving Friend. E. F.
Padiham, 24. April,
1643.

Extracts from Newspapers and Contemporary Authorities, in
continuation of the preceding events.

April 22, 1643. Retreat of the Royalists from Wigan, and retirement of the Earl
of Derby from Lancashire.

Speciall Passages, No. 39, May 6. — An account from Manchester of that date,
giving an account of this retreat as of Saturday senight (viz. April 22) with which
the following extracts from Vicars' Chronicle accord, and are substituted for it as
being more ample. — Vicars, part i. p. 321. May 1643.

" Certain intelligence came again out of Lancashire that the noble and renowned
Manchesterians under the command of Collonel Ashton, with about 22 hundred
horse and foot, marched towards Wiggon, where Collonel Tilsley commanded for
the Earl of Derbie with 9 troops of horse and 700 foot. But when brave and vic-
torious Collonel Ashton appeared before the town, the enemies were immediately
smitten with astonishment of heart, durst not stand to it, but fled away from thence
to Latham, leaving Wiggon to their possession : whereupon the noble Collonell
demolisht all the outworks and fortifications, burnt the new gates and posts that
had been set up, took an oath of the townsmen never to bear arms against the
King and Parliament, and then this brave Collonel pursued the enemie in their
flight to Latham, whereupon the Earl of Barbie and his companie fled thence also
to a town called Prescot, thinking there to have drawn in the countrey to him, but
the brave Manchesterians pursued them close, thither also, and the enemie was
forced to flie back to Latham.

" But Collonel Ashton still pursued them, and forced them thence again, and made
them flie to Preston, whether also the Manchester forces, giving neither themselves
nor their enemies any rest, followed them close, still driving the Earl thence also,
and made him flie either to Hornbie Castle, or else to the Queen into the North,
his forces being driven at least eight miles from Preston, and pursued by Collonel

RETIREMENT OF DERBY TO MAN. 99

Ashton, whose forces much increased by these his so prosperous proceedings, and
many of the Earls soldiers coming in willingly and cheerfully to serve him.

" The Earl of Derbie shortly after sent to Collonel Ashton to desire him not to
fire his house at Latham, promising him 300/. if he woidd spare it. But the
nuble Collonel sent him word that he scorned his money or the firing of his house,
and desired nothing more of him than to meet with him, and to give him battell ;
but he, as I said, ran quite away out of the countie, and durst not stay to accept
that motion." '

1 This second reduction of Wigan, on April 22d, would take place three weeks after
the first assault and reduction of it by the Manchester forces on April 1, but the move-
ment of Lord Derby towards the Queen appears to have been misunderstood by the
journalists, and may be explained as follows from his own statements in Peck's Desid.
Cur. ii. lib. xi. p. 22, with some additions from Eushworth, part 3, vol. ii. pp. 156, 274.

The Queen landed from Holland at Burlington, Feb. 22, 1642-3, reaching York on
March 8, and in a preceding Tract (Lancaster's Massacre, dated March 25) she is
stated to have pushed outposts to Skipton, in route towards Blackburn. Derby was
at "Whalley, in that neighbourhood, and defeated by Ashton there on or about April 20.
From thence (as in the text) he retired to Lathom, whence Ashton pursued him.

According to his own account, it was desired by the Lancashire gentry that he
would go to the Queen " respecting their necessities," and begging her aid, and he
appears to have been equally troubled by the enemy and by his own troops, " under
the government of the Lord Mollineux and others" in his absence.

In this absence the reduction of all Lancashire took place, except Lathom, Green-
haugh, Hornby and Thurland (the two last of which fell before June 21), and the
Queen's aid being prevented by Newcastle's misfortune at Wakefield on May 21, the
Lancashire Royalist troops, "yet remaining" followed Lord Derby to York, expecting
to have found him there." But news of the intended invasion of Man by the Scots,
having reached York, with other rumours of a revolt there, Derby, most reluctantly,
had previously abandoned his long continued " desire to wayte upon the Queen to
Oxford," and had withdrawn to his iusular sovereignty. The entire account, in his own
simple and pathetic narrative, is well worth perusal.

A similar statement will be found in the Siege of Lathom, from which it appears that
the Royalists, marching to York, were under the command of Lord Molyneux and
Colonel Tyldesley. The Queen, leaving York in June, advanced by Pontefract and
Newark, reducing Burton-on- Trent on July 2, joining Rupert at Stratford-on-Avon,
on July 11, and the King on the 13th, in the neighbourhood of Edgehill. (Rushworth,
part 3, vol. ii. 274, and Drake's Eboracum, i. 163.)

The Lancashire troops are not mentioned in the Queen's letter to the King, from
Newark; but it is certain that Tyldesley was with her, as he earned his knighthood by
commanding the cavalry in the desperate charge over the thirty-six arches of Burton
Bridge. Richard Gerard (brother of Sir William, and cousin of Lord Molyneux) was
desperately wounded in directing the passage of the infantry through the Trent, at the
same attack. See inscription on Tyldesley's monument, and Collins' Baronetage, i. 103.

100 INTERCEPTED LETTER TO THE QUEEN.

Perfect Diurnall, May 1-8 (Cooke and Wood.)

May 4. — Out of Manchester it is informed that the Manchesterians do keepe
the townes of Wiggin and Preston without any disturbance, and that the Earl of
Derby doth still hold Warrington, and that since Sir John Seatons coining out of
that county there hath been little action on either side.

Kingdoms Weekly Intelligencer, 9-16 May, p. 146.

An account of the interception by Fairfax of a letter from sixe Scottish Earles
to Her Majestie, written from Latham (the Earle of Derbies house) the last of
April, signifying unto Her Majestye with much earnestnesse, that if she did not send
some ayde, at least three thousand horse and foot within sixe dayes, the Earle of
Derbie could hold out no longer, but must be enforced to desert the countrey.
That they came thither in pursuance of her instructions, and after they should
come into Scotland would attend her Majestie in theire returne at Yorke.

P. 147. — The Countesse of Derby herself writ a dolefull letter to Her Majestie,
begging the like speedy ayde, or all was lost ; and least neither of these letters
should prevaile with her for aide and assistance, she addressed her to Master Jer-
mane to intercede for her with the Queene, to send the sayde forces to the ayde of
the Earle of Derby.

These letters being made knowne by my Lord Fairfax to the Lancashire Gen-
tlemen, whereby the necessities of the Papists in that County appeared to be such,
that they immediately advanced, have taken Preston, and fetched away the twentie
peeces of ordnance from Lancaster, and enforced the Earle of Derby to quit the
countrey, and flye from Hornby Castle into Yorkshire, into Skipton Castle in
Craven.

Continuation of certain Speciall and Remarkable Passages, &C. No. 45, 11-18 May.

A notice of the before-mentioned letters and movements ; of a part of the Earl
of Derby's forces still holding Warrington, " which place they have very strongly
fortified, and brought thither a great part of their goods, plate, &c. And the Man-
chester men are marched against that town with strong forces, both horse and
foote, and with six pieces of ordnance, so that it is thought within few days that
we shall heare that they have taken the said town also, which in doing they will
settle the whole county in peace."

May 27.— Surrender oe Warrington, and Summons of Lathom by Col.
Holland, Governor of Manchester.

See Siege of Lathom, where the surrender of Warrington is stated to have been
made by the governor, Col. Norris, in consequence of the surprise (by Fairfax) of
the Lord Goring at Wakefield (May 21), and after a siege of only five days.

REDUCTION OF WARRINGTON. 101

Perfect Diurnall (Cooke's successors) No. 51, 29 May — June 5.

Sat. June 3.—" But from Lancashire by letters this day and the day before it
was confirmed that the Manchester forces have fully gained Warrington in that
county, being the last hold that the Papists had there, and that now the whole
county is purged from their evill members, and that they all stand firm for Kinge
and Parliament, and have secured the chief townes and places which the enemy
either had, or were in any danger of. What prize they have got in the taking of
Warrington is not yet enformed, but it must needs be of considerable worth. Some
reports they took there 14 peece of ordnance, 1100 prisoners, and great store of
armes." — See more particulars in Vicars' Pari. Chron. part i. 341.

BurghaWs MS. Diary (Providence Improved) p. 1 17. Coles' MSS. Brit. Mus.

" At this time Coll. Brereton and all his horse were at Stafford, from whence
they returned to Nantwich, and some considerable forces out of Cheshire marched
forth to meet the forces of Manchester at Warrington, which happened to be on
Whitsunday, May 21.

" On Mayday morning they planted their ordnances, and beset the town round
about, played upon it all that week, it being strongly fortified, and the souldiers
behaving themselves very bravely, but bread and other necessaries being scarce, on
Saturday they came to a parley, when it was agreed that the town should be ren-
dered up, and that Captains and Commanders should depart with every man his
horse and pistols, and all the souldiers to pack away unarmed, and leave all their
arms, ammunition, and provisions behind them, which was done accordingly.

" On Trinity Sunday, Sir Geo. Booth ' being lord of the town, entered it, and
was joyfully entertained by the inhabitants. There were slain on the Parliament
side only four, and two of the town ; wherein the mercy of God appeared."

In Mercurius Aulicus (June 25, p. 333) is mention of the cannon from War-
rington being immediately sent against Halton Castle in Cheshire, then defended
against the Parliament by Captain Walter Primrose, appointed by Earl Rivers to
that service.

General Presentation of Lancashire Recusants.
Kingdom's Weekly Intelligencer, 23-30 May, p. 165.
" Another thing observable in the generall is, that in Lancashire and Yorkshire
there are more Papists than in all England besides, for in one Hundred in Lanca-

1 The elder Sir George Booth, grandfather of the first Lord Delamere, manerial Lord
of Warrington, and in his seventy-seventh year. — Hist. Chesh. i. 402.

102 REDUCTION OF WARRINGTON.

shire, since this Parliament began, there were 15,000 Papists presented at one
Sessions, and many thousands of them convicted presently after, and yet* God
hath shewed his power more in a handfull of men against these numerous and
potent enemies of the Gospel, and growth of the Protestant Religion, then in any
part else in Lancashire, in a manner quite routed them out." — See much more on
this subject, in Vicars' Pari. Chron. part i. p. 343.

XXXIV.

Exceeding Joyfull Neics out of Lancashire, Nottinghamshire, and
Lincolnshire, or an Extract of certain letters from thence, being a
True Relation of the Parliament Forces taking the Townes of
Warrington and Whitchurch, with the names of the chief Com-
manders on both sides : the number of men that were slain, and the
Ordnance, Armes, Ammunition and prisoners that were taken.
The clearing Lancashire of the King's forces, with the manner of
the besieging of Newark by the Nottingham and Lincolnshire
forces, and what hath been done there since the siege and the proba-
bilitie of taking the said Towne.

London, printed for Robert Wood, 1643. 1

Exceeding Joyfull Newes out of Nottinghamshire and
Lincolnshire, &c.

The wonderfull good successe of the well-affected persons of

1 The editor has been unable to meet with a printed copy of this Tract, either in the
Eoyal or Chetham Collection, or in the libraries of any of his friends or corres-
pondents. A copy, however, occurred in the catalogue of the late collection of Mr.
Thomas Heywood, and he is much indebted to Mr. Baines (author of the History of
Lancashire) for the use of a transcript of that copy, from which Mr. B. made some
quotations in his valuable work, vol. iv. p. 76.

Whether the statements are correct or otherwise, the Tract is of no small interest,

REDUCTION OF WARRINGTON. 103

this county is fit to be communicated to the Kingdome ; for it is
notoriously knowne that at the beginning of these distractions,
such was the potency of the Papist, and their adherents in that
County, that the well-affected people to the Parliament were but
a handfull in respect of the rest that took up Armes against the
Parliament, which for the most part consisted of the Manchester
forces, who stood upon their own guard and were strongly assaulted
by the enemy.

And had not that Town stood very firmly for the King and
Parliament, in all probabilitie the whole County had been brought
into subjection to the oppression and violence of the Cavaliers, but
they standing firm and constant to the cause which they had un-
dertaken, it hath pleased God to give them many great and
miraculous victories over his and their enemies, insomuch that they
forced the Earle of Derhy, who was the chief stirrer and maintainer
of the combustions in that county, (being a Gentleman of great
estate and potency there) to flie out of the County above a moneth
since, and to get to York, to the Queen, for shelter ; after whose
flight, the papists and those that adhere unto them, betooke them-
selves to a towne called Warrington, and another towne called
Whitchurch, which places were both very strongly fortified both
with Men, Ammunition, Powder, and Ordnance.

Whereupon the Manchester forces besieged the said townes, and

from its reference to the first Parliamentary occupation of Liverpool. It is necessary
to read AsAton for Aston ; and as Warwick was Admiral for the Parliament, to make an
amendment, by reading Manchester instead of " Earle of Derby," as object of his aide.

The reader must, however, be referred to the Valley of Achor following, for a state-
ment respecting Warwick's ship, and the fact of " Liverpool readily giving entertainment
to it and to us " (namely, the Parliamentarians), taking no notice of the conflicts alleged
in the Tract. The article mentioned with respect to Wigan is also observable, as it
is extraordinary that a town covering Lathom, and commanding the centre of South
Lancashire, which had been twice taken by Manchester forces, and was in the pos-
session of Parliament in a carefully dismantled state, should be selected by Ashton
as the place to send Col. Tyldesley and his Royalists to, with ordnance, arms, and
ammunition.

The time when Liverpool passed into the hands of the Manchester forces, however,
(in whatsoever manner) would be the last week of May, or beginning of June 1643.

104 REDUCTION OF LIVERPOOL.

after about ten dayes siege, the enemy quitted themselves of part
of the towne of Warrington, together with the Church : for that
they conceived, that in leaving thereof, they should the more
advantage themselves, thinking that the Manchester forces would
not in a few dayes scale their workes, and enter into those places
which they had left.

About which time one of the ships, under the command of the
Earl of WarwicJce, strooke into the Harbour called Leverpoole, into
the River of Merse, w T hich commeth to the said towne, and put the
enemy into a great feare ; and although the ship came in, rather
by accident than with any intent to aide 1 the Earle of Derbies
forces; yet within two dayes after, the Manchester men having
gotten the great street, and planted their Ordnance on the Church
which commanded the towne, the Popish forces sent to desire a
parley with Colonell Aston, which was Commander in chiefe of the
Manchester forces, upon which, Hostages were delivered on both
sides, and propositions made to Colonell Aston by Colonel Tillesley
to this effect, viz.

I. That the forces in the towne should surrender up the same to
Colonell Aston for the use of the King and Parliament upon
Quarter.

II. That they should carry away with them their Ordnance,
Armes, and Ammunition, and so march away with bag and
baggage.

III. That without pursuit or interruption of the Parliaments
forces, they should march to Wiggin or some other place in that
County, without molestation.

Which proposition not being consented unto, Colonell Ashton
made another assault against the enemy, slew many of them, and
put them into such confusion, that as many of them as could, fled
away for safety, and the rest were forced to yield themselves
prisoners. There were in the towne about Sixteene hundred horse
and foote, of which about three hundred were taken prisoners :

1 See note preceding.

REPORTED LANDING OF IRISH TROOPS. 105

and those that escaped were forced to leave their Amies behind
them, and ten good pieces of Ordnance, besides all their bag and
baggage. It is reported that from the beginning of the Siege,
Colonell Ashton lost but seven men, and that there were slaine of
the enemies forces (as it is reported by the inhabitants of the
towne) at least 80 persons, many of them being of good quality.

It is certainly informed by persons of repute, that Whitchurch is
also taken by the Parliaments forces, where they had good store of
Armes and Ammunition, and some prisoners, that it hath pleased
God to cleere this County for the present of the Enemy, who are
fled northwards ; and if other Counties would follow their example
there is no doubte but they would soone find the like experience of
God's blessings upon their endeavours for the blessing of a fair
peace throughout the Kingdome, and the uniting themselves to-
gether to stande for their just rights &c, and the maintenance of
true Religion, which is the onely thing for the honour and safety
of his Majesty, which the Parliament in all their proceedings doe
labour after and by all meanes lawfull seeke to maintaine, and is
the onely way to procure a happy peace and welfare of this King-
dom. And although mens eyes have been long blinded, which
cannot but in all sense be the chief cause that the Kingdome is so
much divided, that notwithstanding they cannot be ignorant that
forraigne forces contrary to severall Declarations and Protestations
have been invited into this land, and many already come over to
ayde and assist the Popish faction in England, yet now hearing
that the Rebells in Ireland are sent for to come to ayde the Kings
forces in England, as it is most certaine they are, it thereby most
evidently appearing that the Bebellion in Ireland, and the raising
the Papists in England against the Parliament to be one and the
same cause, there are none that are not as blind as Balam, that
could not see when he was ready to be distroyed, that will stand
any longer as Newters, and desert the cause, and will not endea-
vour by all possible meanes, both with their lives and fortunes, to
defend the truth, and deliver themselves and posterity from miseries
that otherwise are like to fall upon them.

106 REDUCTION OF HORNBY AND THURLAND.

It is certified for a truth that the Nottingham, Derby, and Lin-
colnshire forces are joyned together in a body and have beseeged
the Towne of Newarke upon Trent.

*** The rest of the Tract relates to the commencement of this Siege.

Beduction of Hornby and Thurland Castles by Ashton.

Certaine Informations, No. 23, p. 181, 1643.

Wednesday, June 21. " From Manchester in Lancashire they wrote that Col.
Ashton hath taken two castles in the north part of that county, the name of the
one being Hornby Castle, and of the other Thurland Castle, where he hath taken
Sir John Girlington, a strong malevolent in those parts, and also much money
and plate, with many disaffected ladies and gentlewomen who were fled for shelter
into those Castles, and that he is not yet returned to Manchester, because he
intendeth to free all the suspected places of that county from all the Earle of
Derbies open favourers and adherents."

See the account of this in the Valley of Achor, closing the series of events there
narrated, and, as the author of that Tract seemed to imagine, the civil contest in
Lancashire.

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LANCASHIRE'S VALLEY OF ACHOR.

Copies of the following Tract, which is of great rarity, exist in the King's Col-
lection (Brit. Mus.), in the Chetham Library, and in the Editor's Collection, from
which last this is reprinted. MS. transcripts occasionally occur, with variations
and additions, which have sometimes been quoted as parts of the original work.

The object of the author of the tract was to give a connected series of events
occurring during the period to which the four preceding chapters of this collection
relate, mingled with religious reflections in the style of the Puritans ; and he seems
to have expected that the struggle would end with the reduction of the Castles of
Thurland and Hornby, with which his work concludes. His narrative will be
found to include several events unnoticed in other Tracts, or only to be traced in
them by diligent search, as for instance the second assault of Bolton, the aban-
donment of Lancaster Castle by Birch, and its reoccupation by the Parliament, —
the siege of the same by Derby's troops in 1643, and its relief by Col. Ashton.

In Barnet's God's Lift-up Hand for Lancashire (quoted in p. 88), will be found
several literal transcripts from this work ; as, for instance, respecting the successive
appearances of " God's Banner" in the Hundreds of Salford and Blackburn,
which occurs in this Tract at the end of the account of Manchester Siege ; the
notice of the stranding of the Dunkirk ship laden with ordnance on the Lancashire
coast ; and the allusion to the comparative effects of the Royalist and Parlia-
mentary cannon at the siege of Manchester, in the " fourth Temptation " and
" Issue."

The last citation is the more worthy of notice, as Barnet expressly terms it a
remark of Mr. Angier, by which observation, on account of the early date of the
Tract, 1643, he can scarcely be supposed to intend any other member of this
family than John Angier, one of the Committee of Presbyterian Ordination, and
minister of Denton. Perhaps he may only intend so to refer the remark cited ;
but it appears that the author, whoever he may have been, was of the clerical pro-
fession, from the expressions used in the prefatory Epistle.

The Editor believes that no precise information can be obtained on this point.
The work has been assigned to Angier by two authors, well versed in the subject :
and, on the other hand, he is assured by a writer intimately conversant with the
history and literature of this period, — the Rev. Joseph Hunter, — that not only is
there an absence of the slightest allusion to such authorship, in the Life of Angier,
by his son-in-law, Oliver Heywood, but that there is nothing to the purpose in any
of Hey wood's MS. Remains, that have fallen under his biographer's notice.

109

THE EPISTLE TO THE READER.

Good Reader.

Thou hast a willing (though weake) discoverie of Gods footsteps
in Lancashire according to best information. Some Ornaments of
the History were laid aside for reserved Reasons. God's praise and
thy profit were specially intended. Pray that the means may be
assisted to these ends, so shalt thou ingage to adde, or alter upon
information, what may honour God, and helpe thee. I have per-
formed what was proper to mine own profession, leaving the Soul-
dier's part, wherein men and things were notable, to the Souldiers
performance.

LANCASHIRES
HOURE OF SAD TEMPTATION

AND

JOYFULL ISSUE.

Gods eternall counsells about his Church are in time turned into
Promises, Promises into Prayers, Prayers into Providences, and
Providences into Praises. Providence is the glasse of Gods Attri-
butes, and Promises of the Saints grace, Graces and Prayers :
It is the wealth and wages of time present, the treasure and in-
couragement of time future. The recording of providences is not
the least portion of Gods praise of our duty, of posterities pa-
trimony.

The free, full, and joynt trading of spirituall Merchants, in the
precious commodity of Prayers in these last yeers (wherein sin in

110

the enemies and grace in the Saints strove for victory) was sure to
bring in with returns. Is it not even so? Let Scotland speak,
England, the City, the Parliament. And can Lancashire say
nothing ? I am charged to bring in this testimony, which I shall
do (God shining upon my way) orderly and clearly, according to
best information.

The wise God (resolved to raise a double glorious work in this
forlorne Countrie of ruine to the evil, and of rest to the good)
forelaid a double foundation, of sin in the enemy, and humiliation
in his people. That was a Series of injustice, with the effects and
attendants : This a course of repentance in publike Fasting and
Prayer ; both held paralell, from first to last.

The much- to-be-lamented Lord Strange (not of his native dis-
position) as is hoped (if the height of the Sail did not overtop the
Ship) but through the force of evil Councells (the common calamity
of great personages) was carried down those strong streams of
Arbitrary government, and advance of Popery. Witnesse his
Taxations as Lord- Lieutenant, his Popish officers, his injurious
intermeddling in the election of Knights &C. 1 The injured, petition
the then exact and dreadfull Court of justice, inforce their Petition
by Declaration. The wisdom of that just Court (at once to ex-
presse their disrellish of these doings, but hopes of that noble
person notwithstanding) do substract the power of Lancashire, and
cast in the power of Cheshire. 2 But correction is grievous to him
that forsaketh the way. When just and moderate sentence proves
the food of corruption, it gathers sudden and great strength. He
that formerly withdrew his influence from the County now denies
it to the Kingdom, leaves the House of Lords, breaks that honour-
able Union, increaseth the Dissention, joyns with the North against
the South, receives Commission from the King to crosse the Par-
liament, seeketh to subject and inslave them, (the best amends the
oppressed must expect if strength prevail) who had given no cause,

1 See the Lancashire Petition, p. 5.

2 Alluding to Sir Edw. Fitton, Mr. Leigh of Adlington, &c. See p. 17, and Siege
of Manchester, p. 5 1 .

Ill

save onely they complained, they were wronged, and sought re-
dresse. The spirit of the Commission will not suffer it to rest :
There must be a generall Muster at Preston, the people must be
thrust into a crowd, that they who desire, might securely rob them
of their Magazin, reposed (as their proper goods) in Liver-pool,
Preston, Warrington. Herein the Lord himself, the Sheriff, the
Commissioners, had and acted their severall parts with successe, 1
little imagining that so close a businesse should be told in Man-
chester. But Jobs messenger escapes to bring tidings though but
sad. Now a Ray of divine Providence brake forth in the wise
and peaceable way of securing Manchester Magazine ; 2 which was
this ; the well -affected in Manchester and thereabouts, appear in
the following Petition to the Committee and Deputy-Lieutenants.
To the Right Worshipfull, they of the Committee, and the rest
Deputy-Lieutenants, entrusted by the Honourable Houses of
Parliament, for the Militia of the County Palatine of Lancaster.
Wee whose hands are hereto subscribed, apprehending eminent and
imminent danger concerning the Magazine here in Manchester, do
humbly beseech your Worships to give command (if in your judge-
ments you think Jit) that the same may be removed from the present
place of fear, and placed where you may confide. And upon intima-
tion thereof, we are all unanimously concluded to be ay ding and
assisting in the execution thereof; we humbly conceiving our proper
interests to be in it, not onely as subjects, but also as having born our
proportionable parts of charge in procuring the same. And we shall
ever pray, Sfc.

This preventing Petition found this satisfying answer :
Whereas there have been heretofore divers great Leavies of Moneys
laid upon this County of Lancaster by the Lord Strange, late Lord-
Lieutenant of the said County and his Deputy-Lieutenants ; for their
manner of disposing of which they have been pleased to give an account
unto us, and have repay ed severall sums of money in some parts of this
County acknowledged by the account to be in their hands then undis-

1 Lamentable and Sad News, &c. p. 13. Letters from the Committees, p. 15.

112 Lancashire's valley of achor.

posed of and by their said account did aver, They had bestowed 440
pounds in Powder, Match and the like Ammunition, which they de-
livered up in severall Towns of this County, in other part of repay-
ment of the said moneys so leavied by them. And whereas the Sheriff
of this County and some others have lately seized, into their hands and
possession the said Powder, Match and Ammunition in the Towns of
Preston and Leverpoole, and have threatned and attempted to do the
like in Manchester, without giving any account either by what Au-
thority, or for what use, they did and do the same : We therefore
tendering our own interest, and possession of this small remainder left
at Manchester, have thought good to take it into our hands for the
defence of the King, both Houses of Parliament, and this County of
Lancaster.

Thus wisdom and honesty, in a way of manifest authoritie, got
the leading of subtiltie and injustice ; the Snare at last is broken
and a Seed of defence happily sowne. But if Manchester will not
be cheated of their Magazine, they shall be forcibly despoiled ;
Forces are summoned to Bury for that end, but the confluence of the
well-affected to Manchester for defence did them the favour of dis-
mission for that time : And lest this businesse should appear in its
own colours it is coloured over by a meeting of the Array at Wigan;
the sleeping Magazen is adjudged to travell part to Bury, part to
Batchdale and part to lie in Manchester, upon an order from the
King, published at Manchester Crosse to that purpose : Under this
new colour the Lord Strange returns with his forces to Bury, calls a
second Muster ; some of the Towne of Manchester, and thereabouts
(more forward in this than forecited) attend his Honour, 1 think to
make all well by ingaging themselves to buy so much Powder,
and lay it in the empty place, and to sweeten and sink all former
bitter and clogging passages, they invite him to a Banquet, upon
condition that he come peacably with his own attendance : 2 they
unhappily forgetting or not considering, that it was not a little
Powder that was sought, or the submission of a few fearfull men,

1 News from Manchester \ p. 30.

8 Ibidem, and " a verie true and credible narration," p. 31.

LANCASHIRE S VALLEY OF ACHOR. 113

but a Town, and not a Town onely, but a County, nor that onely
but the honourable rule and government of it ; things out of the
reach of their arm, but hopefully within the compasse of his own
power. According to this desire, (not according to the condition)
was the march for Manchester ordered ; his Honour came attended
with many Horse, they entred the Towne in an Hostile and insult-
ing manner with cocked Pistols, and shouts, that the town was
their own, their own. The Sheriffe reade the Commission of
Array which evidenced a composition for War, not for Peace.
Some wise and well-affected, (foreseeing what others did not
beleeve, till they sadly saw) had laid in some Musquetteers and
Pikemen against such a time, resolving to lie hid, if not forced out
of peace. But the unconditioned carriage of these incomers beats
the Drum, to bring our men in sight, onely to put them in remem-
brance of the conditions agreed on : They will not remember, but
forcibly ride upon our men, give them course language, strive to
disarm them, sorely wound one and cruelly slay another ; and had not
God mercifully sent water from heaven to quench this fire, and moved
them to be the Peace-keepers, which were not the peace-concluders,
they that have since sought our blood, had themselves been satisfied
with blood. But blessed be God that heaven and earth did con-
curre to quiet this dangerous commotion. Let Manchester and the
neighbourhood never forget how their hands were blest from blood,
whilst the hands of those that strove with them were imbrued
therein. By this time the A rray had gotten enough done; the
unappeasable crie of blood is against them, seconded by the bitter
crie of some truly pious in the town, who were in extreme danger
to be pulled in pieces, they and their houses, by the part taking
and incensed Rascalitie, the admirers and adorers of greatnesse,
being feasted with the Crummes that fall from their Tables.

God fore appointing the hour of temptation and resolving in a
course of ordinary (though to us unusual) means, to shew us his
salvation, sent a man before, a skillful and faithfull Engineer, to be
ready to concur with our necessitie, and desire, to take course for
our own defence, which now will admit neither dispute nor delay.

1 14 Lancashire's valley of achor.

This prepared and provided instrument is entertained, fals to
artificiall and restlesse motion, till the mud-wals at the severall
passages were finished, when God gave an alarum from the plun-
dering disarming array in Cheshire, Sept 13, 1 being Tuesday, to
heighten the spirits of the well-affected in the Town, above the
opposition of the male-content, that the opposed stoopes might
be set down, and the chaines coupling the works compleated,
he well knowing they had almost as much work to do as time
to do it in. All this time that God was contriving our pre-
servation in a way of probable meanes, Satan in a contrary
course was plotting our subjection or desolation, and when the
door of our defence was once shut, not before (oh the waking
watchfull providence of God !), but presently after the floodgates
of our opposition were opened ; for it was about Friday night,
Sept. 23, ere the Works were finished, and the Lord appeared on
Sabbath day morning, and it was Friday night, if not Saturday
night, ere the defendants were anchored against windes and waves.
Thus are we come to Manchester Seige, of which I will not give a
full and particular account, because it is already performed by
severall good hands ; onely observe three things ;

1. The time in which it fell out.

2. The severall temptations in it with their Issues.
8. And some remarkable Passages.

The time when it began was September the Owe and twentieth,
the Sabbath day, about nine of the clock, church-time. God was
forced, as sometimes Paul, Galath. 4. 20. to change his voice to
awaken and enliven his sleepie and dead-hearted people. Sabbath-
dayes Alarums, of all Alarums, are never to be forgotten. Severall
Battels have been fought, and several Assaults made in severall
places on the Sabbath-day ; let England study the meaning ; Our
Saviour tels us there is an affliction in the time, Mat. xxiv. 20.
Pray that your flight be not on the Sabbath day. God hath a con-
troversie with the people for their Sabbath dayes services. Yet
observe the breath of the enemie.

1 The details of the siege occupy from p. 42 to p. 60.

Lancashire's valley of achor. 115

Saul breathed threatnings and slaughter against the Disciples
of the Lord : The enemies mocked at their Sabbaths : Their
breath blasteth holy persons, times, actions. The Episcopall breath,
fetch him out of the Pulpit, scatters the people ; suspend him, sus-
pend the place.

This Seige-week was unskilfully joyn'd with the Nationall
Fast-week ; for thus succours came into Manchester from all parts
of the Kingdom, Armies of Prayers, Legions of Angels. The
enemies Lot so warily cast, fell not unlike to HamarCs Lot,
Esther 9. 1. The enemies of the Jewes hoped to have power over
them, but it was turned to the contrary that the Jewes had rule
over them that hated them.

The several Temptations that straightened this Siege, with their
present and proper Issues were,

The Temptation.

1. The unskilfulnesse of Commanders and Souldiers, being bred
and educated in a land of peace, where no enemy was left (as
sometimes in Israel) to teach them warre. They knew not how to
take advantage, or prevent disadvantage: they were fit to hurt
themselves, and one another as they did. And that very day the
enemy appeared, hearts were down, because their number to man
their works was no greater.

The Issue,

But when God put the work into their hands, he put in skill,
Psal. 144. 1. If ever it were given a people in that houre how
to do, both hands and skill, now was the time. So that in a short
time (even to admiration) men of all callings were skilfull ready
Firemen. And on that five and twentieth of September came in
new and considerable Forces: whereupon the souldiers thanked
God and took courage.

116 Lancashire's valley of achor.

The Temptation.

2. What the enemy cannot do by force he will do by fraud, he
sets fire on poor houses and rich barnes (any thing to advance the
Catholique Cause) hoping by the light of the fire and darknesse of
the smoke, to see to hit, and to be hid from shot. Fire is a cruell
Lord, and dreadfull object to fresh and low- water souldiers. The
winde blowes right to help the enemy to heat and blinde the
assaulted. And now fire to fire : a fierce assault, to a flaming fire,
will destroy all opposition.

The Issue.

Faith, that sometimes quenched the violence of fire did no lesse
now. It quenched the violence of feare in our souldiers, the zeale
of the Work consumed them, whilest the fire consumed the
buildings. And though the fire heated our men to strive for the
Wall, and to give the more ready fire, yet the smoke did not hide
their enemies. And when the winde had blowne so long against
us that we might be sensible of a Turn, he that gathereth the
winde in his fists apparently turned it to our advantage.

The Temptation.

3. They had a Towne of advantage. Salford is open, affords
them entertainment and assistance, proves their stalking horse,
brings them neere, and gives them shelter ; faceth us and opens
them a back-door. God complains of his evil neighbours, Jer.
12. 14.

The Issue.

They sought help by fire ; God helped us by water. The rain
poured down, raised the water, and parted the Army, neerer
neighbours then Manchester and Salford. They fought from heaven,
the Stars in their courses fought against Sisera. The river Kishon
swept them away, the ancient river, the river Kishon, Judges 5. 20,
21. Hither they came to lay their dead in sight, and to let them
lie with shame. The Cannoneer had much adoe to Charge, and
more adoe to Discharge. If they peeped out of the houses they
were unhoused.

LANCASHIRE 8 VALLEY OF ACHOR. 117

The Temptation.

4. They had meanes of advantage, many roaring, thundering
terrifying, Canons, we had but one small Peece. 1 We have heard
the report of them, and our hands waxed feeble.

The Issue.

The Canons did but play, 1 they did no work, no execution.
They had no Commission but to strike thorow houses which could
neither bleed nor weepe : onely one Lad stood in their way, which
was out of his own way, and (as they say) timely prepared by his
wickednesse for such a stroke. It was a wonder to see when they
came into an house what haste they made out, as afraid there to
stay : and how strictly they kept their Lane, lest by turning
aside, they should harme any in the house. Surely the joynt
praises of God's rejoycing people ; as the voice of many waters, and
as the voice of a great thunder, Bev. 14. 2, did drowne the noise,
and remove the terrour of the Canons.

The Temptation.

5. Though the enemies' fire was quenched, and the force of their
Canons broken, yet we wanted Fewell, Match failed, and Powder
grew scarce.

The Issue.

He that could finde so many Souldiers when there was none was
not to seeke for one Match-maker in time of need. He findes a
common Souldier, and makes him to finde Match.

Some Malignants houses contributed poioder, and some marched to
Manchester from neighbour places, in the face of the enemy who
looked and fled: and againe looked and fled: they saw it and so they
marvelled, they were troubled and hasted away, fear took hold
upon them there, Psal. 48. 5, 6.

1 See the remarks respecting a quotation of these passages in Barnet's God's Lift-up
Hand for Lancashire, who ascribes the last of them to Angier, of Denton, p 89.

118 Lancashire's valley of achor.

The Temptation.

6. Though we be supplied with Match and Powder, yet we shall
be overcome with waking, we want rest, and cannot finde it.

The Issue.

God gives his beloved rest. To that end he moves the Lord to
sound for a parley. Upon which a Cessation of Armes is con-
cluded from five at Night till seven in the Morning, that our men
might rest and be refreshed. And ere this release came, God
(that can nourish without meat) gave rest without sleep. He held
their eyes open and created new spirits ; they waked and watched
from strength to strength. They that wait upon the Lord shall
change their strength, as a man doth his suit to fit a new occasion,
Isa. 40. 31.

The Temptation.

7. This new bodily rest may serve to strengthen a restlesse
mind. It is now harvest time, our Corn, the livelyhood and sub-
sistence of our familie, is in the field ripe and groaning for the
sickle.

The Issue.

Whilest the Seige lasted against Manchester, the heavens held a
sympathy with the well-affected in and about Manchester : God
melted them into a wet and weeping frame. There was little
harvest weather that week : Which did evidence the work of God's
people did not now lie in the Field, but in the Town in the Barn.
It was not reaping work, but threshing work : God's work was to
Inne the Corn, their work to Thresh it : He shall gather them as
the sheaves into the floor : arise and thresh, Micah 4. 12, 13.

The Temptation.

8. We are defending the Town, and the Cavalliers are Plun-
dering our houses, or at least we leave wife, children, and estate to
their mercy. What portion have we in Manchester. Every man
to his tent.

LANCASHIRE'S VALLEY OF ACHOR. 119

The Issue.

O peace, private spirit. The people in NehemiaJCs time had a
minde to work, Nehem. 4. 6, a strong minde ; and therefore the
discouragements of the ill-affected could not weaken their hands.
Manchester work was publique work ; and the spirits of the work
did generally rest upon the people : sometimes Foot, sometimes
Horse issued out and drove in the Plunderers. Sometimes the
Countrey Spirit, guarded with Bills, and Staves, and pick-forks,
rose to that height that it subjected horse and man, to the wonder
of the Cavaliers. Some houses were safe, others willing to suffer
the lesse, to save the greater.

The Temptation.

9. Some sensible of the danger of neighbour Villages that had
emptied all their defensive power into Manchester, made motion
that their lent assistance might be loosed for home and neighbour
defence against the wilde and wandering horse. This motion
seemed reasonable, and by consequence the defence of the Town
unreasonable.

The Issue.

When this reason came to be handled, it proved a shadow and
soon vanished. Neare home this motion felt heavy, but abroad,
where greater matters were in hand, it was found light. Private
and particular interests are wrapped up in the Publique, not so
much publique, in private. Heere the remembrance of Parlia-
mentary engagement, and an honourable esteem of the Publique
Faith did no little availe.

The Temptation.

10. But after all, there is an uncertaine blast of the spirit of
Paith and Courage in our Leaders being in the infancie of the
Work ; and not discerning (as afterwards) that God had raised
them up to be Saviours on Mount Zion. This was Davids sin,
when he had escaped so many dangers, and was now out of pur-
suit, (for Saul sought no more after him, 1. Sam. 27. 4.) yet he

120 Lancashire's valley of achor.

could not beleeve his safetie, but feared, (though he had long
escaped, yet) he should at last be taken. 1 Sam. 27. 1. We may
sooner be free from trouble then beleeve we are free, troubles may
come and go, but sin will stick fast.

The Issue.

God kept up the Souldiering spirit, by Prayers, and Psalms,
mutuall encouragement, and the blast of the Silver Trumpets (the
Ministers of God) sounded by a Divine breath when the Temp-
tation was at highest, and their spirits at the lowest, that very
night something should have been done by man, to have undone in
a few houres all that God had been doing in a week (that man
might be humbled, and God the more magnified) the tide of our
oppression turned. They moved homewards, both sides were in
despaire, we would have manifested ours, but God hid it. They
hid theirs in the Night but the Morning brought it to light.

The remarkable passages were these.

A Reverend and grave Divine, who had long been a blessing to
the Town, and had seen a resurrection of it from the Plague nigh
fourty yeers before, was lifted up from the gates of death, and
raised in Spirit to promote this Work. 1

A spirit of Piety and Devotion in Prayers and singing of Psalms
rested generally upon Persons and families, yea Taverns and Innes
where it might not put in the head formerly. As when David
in his trouble went and dwelt with Samuel at Najoth in Ramah,
the Spirit of Prophecie came upon Sauls Messengers, the first,
second, and third time, and upon Saul himself. Davids Spirit
rested upon his enemies when God will have him to rest. They
say, the Parliament hath made many converts ; but here Papists

1 The Rev. William Bourne, B.D. Senior Eellow of the Collegiate Church, buried
Aug. 26, 1643, particularly noticed in Rosworm's Narrative.

Lancashire's valley of achor. 121

and Atheists and prophane made many Converts no better yet then
Parliament Converts. Many of them have proved practicall Ar-
minians practising falling from Grace ; so many of our Souldiers
and people have been worse since then in the Siege.

A Gentleman imployed in the Service 1 (not so religious as were
to be wished) professed he had seen much of God, and hoped it
would do him good so long as he lived : Friends told him he wanted
Armour ; He answered, He saw Gods protection was instead of
Armour.

September 30, reported, That the Cheshire Trained-Band brought
into Stockport under the command of Master Leigh of Adlington,
had promised one another not to go over Lancashire Bridge. And
his own Tenants Petitioned they might be excused from this Service.
Twelve men the Butt of enemies before and friends behinde were
Shot-free from both. The greatest hurt they did was by fire, and
that to one conceived to be too good a friend of theirs. They lodged
with him in a place (if report lye not) free for all manner of sin,
and before their departure payed a good round reckoning in smoke
and ashes, since which a cooler fire tooke downe their lodging. 2

A neighbour in imminent danger, had eminent preservation;
five of the Earls Souldiers came to the house where he was, he
seeing their approach thought a chamber was fitter then the house ;
foure pursue him to his hiding place ; three of them drew their
swords, swearing to slit out his heart ; the fourth having a musket
resolved to do the execution ; God sends up the fifth in the nick of
time, who in his comming up, moved the Musquet man, and re-
moved the mouth of the discharging Musquet to another White, 3
one of their owne company, whom God gave in ransome for this
man appointed to die.

1 Stated in Hibbert's History of the Coll. Ch. i. 212, to be a Cheshire gentleman, who
was at this time highly connected among the Presbyterians, but whose family were
shortly afterwards zealous friends and supporters of Bishop Cartwright. See his
Diary, edited by the llev. J. Hunter, p. 2.

8 (A faire house, called the Lodge.) Alport Lodge, the property of Sir Edward
Mosley, where Lord Derby had one of his batteries. See pp. 42, 52.

3 Alluding to the name of the mark in archery, formerly painted ivhitc.

122 Lancashire's valley of achor.

Three neighbours returning from Manchester home were pur-
sued by a Troope of Horse : one of them was taken and wounded
by part of the Troope. Another part continue their pursuit of the
other two ; one of them casts a shoe : yet by the enemies missing
the way once or twice, and casting a shoe also, and one telling them
they were a mile before when the enemy was hard at their heels,
they escaped, and the taken and wounded was rescued by the Bill-
men. It was observed, That Christians nearer and further off were
united in one argument of support ; viz. That God had not mus-
tered his precious servants, from all adjacent parts in Manchester,
to shut them up into the hands of the enemy, but rather to shew
them his salvation.

Thus we leave Manchester, compassed about with songs of de-
liverance, keeping (I beleeve) a more waking gladsome Sabbath,
October 2, The day after their release, then of many yeeres before
compassing the Throne of so great Grace with high sounding
praises, with the Souldiers as they could, October 3, and more
solemnly October 6, when our Drums and Muskets, that had
formerly sounded terrour to our enemies, kept silence in the
Church, whilst the Saints sung the Song of Moses, and when their
time and turn came to utter their voice in the open aire, with a loud
voice and one consent, clapping their hands apace they reported
God fearfull in praises, working wonders.

Though the Devil let passe the Munday Thanksgiving which
was more confused, yet he was ill pleased, and laboured to marre
the mirth of Thursday Thanksgiving, which was intended to be
more Orderly, and Solemne. An Alarm was given October 5, that
they were coming against the Town the second time. This bred
some disquiet, but served to awake unto, and to sweeten the follow-
ing day of Thanksgiving, which was kept without distraction,
blessed be God. This false Alarm repeated October 10. God ad-
vantaged to lay a Garrison in the Town, which God intended to
use for oifence, as well as defence, as will afterward appear.

About October the eleventh, some Powder coming from the
South to Manchester, was stayed by the Kings Forces, but some
came safe from the North from Hull, the fourteenth of October.

Lancashire's valley of achor. 123

The two and twentieth day, store of Powder came in, and the foure
and twentieth day some coming was stayed. The joy of this last
supply was sadly tempered with the accidentally but mortall, wound
of a skilful and active Souldier. 1

When God had thus gloriously appeared in Salford-Hundred,
the first and forwardest Hundred, he went and displayed his ban-
ner in Blackburne- Hundred, that onely other Hundred in the
Countie that appeared in the same cause. 2

Blackburne -Hundred.

About November the seven and twentieth, the Array, with some
three hundred armed men (as is conceived) besides Clubmen, pos-
sessed themselves of Blackburne, whence they sent a party to
disarme Whalley. This alarm awaked the Militia to awake the
people by precept. They being awaked, were soone up and
marched toward Blackburne about two hundred armed men, some
companies of Clubmen, and some Horsemen, but without Arms.
The want of skill in Souldiers and skilfull Captains to supply that
want, caused a consultation on Hinfteld- Moore, which received
Determination (not from the Discoverie of hidden skill but from
the resolute will of these stirring Souldiers) to dispossesse those
forcible Tenants. They speed on with shouting, dividing them-
selves unto the conduct of two chosen Captains, and come within
sight of the Town about eight of the clock, when the Queen of the
night, that had shined upon their March, did discover them to
their enemies : who soon let flie from the Steeple, which ordered
one Captain and his companie to the South side of the Town, and
the other Captain with his company to the East end of the Town,
where they found (though not so high, yet,) as hot entertainment
out of the Town for the space of two houres. But God that
varieth his providence according to his peoples occasions, and had

1 The son of Mr. Edw. Byrom. Hibbert, i. p. 215. Respecting the gunpowder stayed,
see p. 59.

2 This passage is cited in Barnet's sermon before mentioned. See p. 89.

124 Lancashire's valley of aciior.

maintained the passages of Manchester, (that a rightfull people
might not be wronged) did now open a difficult passage to let in
his friends, from whom the Array hasted, having disburdened
themselves of their Arms, and restored what they took from
Whalley. Now had God added an experience of favourable pro-
vidence, in a new kinde, formerly in a way of defence, now in a
way of offence, declaring his all-sufficiencie and compleatnesse for
Warre, to those two united Hundreds, giving a Shield to Manchester
and a Sword to Blackburne, hereby assuring them from heaven,
that if they would cleave together and be mutually assistant in his
Cause, they should be variously, but suitably and compleatly
assisted and saved, he would be their all-sufficient God, their God
indee \ and to purpose.

By this time the Most High had lifted us aloft, that we might
through weaknesse of head, or neglect of our footing, have fallen
dangerously, had not God as carefully taken us down as he lifted
us up ; which he did about the sixteenth of December, The Plun-
dering Array issued out of Wigan to provoke the anger, and stirre
up the courage of the neighbourhood, who to maintain their Pro-
testation in their own defence resolved to be mutually encouraging
and assistant : but apprehending themselves too weak, requested
two Captains out of Manchester with their companies, to Quarter
with them for their security; which was granted. This new
strength was augmented by forces raised thereabouts. They wax
bold to face Wigan, and come off faire. They go to Plunder a
Papist's house neere Wigan. The enemy sends a party after them,
and is advantaged by their securitie ; But leaving their Plunder
and taking to their Armes, they redeem their libertie for this
time.

The enemy hath not thus done with them, he will be better pro-
vided for a second encounter ; he Warrants the adjacent parts to come
in to his help : Our Captains and companies go to plunder another
Papist's house : the Enemy with about a thousand horse and foot
makes after them (as if they had chosen to relieve their confederate
Papists.) Our Forces will not flie though about eighty Musquet-

Lancashire's valley of achor. 125

teers, no not from strength, though as yet a door was open, but
having drawn their companies into a close of ground upon the side
of Houghton Common. 1 They confidently conflict with the enemy,
to his great losse, towards three hours, but lest they should escape,
(as they were nigh to do) God fires their Magazine, and cools
their courage, they sound a Parley, have quarter given them for
their lives, but loose their Arms and Libertie ; three Captains and
eight score souldiers were shut up into the hand of the enemie, the
first and fowlest blow God gave us in this kinde in the County ;
an humbling blow and lasting warning : To this day we halt of
this blow, though most of our Captains and Souldiers be released,
(blessed be God) and well it is if we carry not the marke of this
wound when it is healed. Upon this sad occasion, God made a
comfortable appearance that he had not saved Manchester to the
intent they should sit still, nor had he placed a Garrison there, to
make their mountain to stand strong, but that they might be ready
for action at the beat of his Drum, which struck up after a recon-
ciliation sought with him by fasting and prayer. The project was
for Leigh, 2 our marching out (as they say) caused the Earl to retreat
from his purposes and beginnings against Bolton. The day of
assault the weeping heavens changed their chear for our encourage-
ment, looked fair upon our enterprize, and triumphant return.
The doubt of falling first upon the town or some malignant houses,
the cleering of Clio-Bent, in the way, made it high Christmas Eve
ere our men could fall on, (an unfortunate time for us as the
Papists Avould judge) but it quickned resolution and speeded
action. The Enemie suffered them to come within halfe Musquet
shot ere they discharged, and then plaid desperately upon our men
in a full Body to the present loss of onely one. Our men divided
themselves, that they might clasp hands at a distance, and compass
the Town, God intending to shut up the enemy into their in-
closure ; which done they parted again, and marching up at
severall places at the call of the Drum, met at the Market place to

1 West Houghton, nr. Hindley. See p. 63. 2 True and Full Relation of the Troubles, p. 64.

126 Lancashire's valley of achor.

receive from the bounty of the God they had sought, the repair of
their lost Arms and the price of redemption for Captains and
Souldiers : This Victory founded in humiliation was compleated
in thanksgiving. It is not to be passed by what a change of
Christmas was now made in the Countie and Kingdom, such a
change in the emptinesse of great mens houses, in the places and
occasions of concourse, in mirth and provision, in idlenesse and
recreation, as expressed a people very sinfull, and a God very
angry, to imprint both which there was much in the time if much
considered.

The like Christmas kept our forces at BlacJcburne ; l the Militia
having in the Town four hundred armed men, and some Clubmen,
the Array came against the Towne on Christmas Eve with five
thousand, and three field pieces, very early in the morning they
shot off their pieces, with shouting, saying, Take heed, you
Round-heads. God took heed for us, for we were not afraid of the
noise, nor hurt once by the eight pound Bullet, though directed
against us eight and twenty times. We called on them (in vaine)
to come within musquet shot. About twelve a Clock they called
a Parley : The pretence was if we would yielde the Town and the
Arms, and submit to the Earl of Darby, they would mediate with
him to supplicate the King to grant a Pardon. The intent was to
carry their god (the greatest Field Piece) nearer the Towne, he was
too farre off to doe any harme. We (Scot-like) knew not the
meaning of a Pardon, professing ourselves to be for King, and
Parliament. When we would no Pardon, they laboured to punish
us, having set up their Idoll nearer, by the counsell (as they
report) of four or fiWQ Priests and Jesuites, and other great Papists
whom they had at hand in a tythe Barn : Till sun-setting both
sides plaid fiercely, but then taking advantage of the darknesse,
they fled in fear, and over run their great Pieces, trusting more to
the night for protection than to their own courage or strength.

The seventh and eight of February were devoted to God in

1 Ibidem.

Lancashire's valley of aciior. 127

Fasting and Prayer in Manchester, to succeed our Forces, that
were upon their march. The first day was spent and gave strength
to our men to march all night, and to set upon Preston 1 by break
of day the next morning, the second day of fasting, when some of
our men soon advantaged themselves by taking of Bible-Bridge, and
with unspeakable courage set upon the Town well fortified and
manned, which God gave them in two hours as a present return of
prayers. Such courage was raised in the Souldiers, that they
dared to take hold of their enemies' Muskets put thorow the loop-
holes, as if the miracle of mercy had been again revived, Psalme
91. 19. Thou shalt tread upon the Lyon and Adder. And when
the Pikes kept them off from the mud walls, yet by breaking
thorow an house some twenty entred the Towne ; which
small number drew down a Troop of Horse, to take a prey.
But Moses, Aaron, and Hur, being on the top of the hill
whilest Joshua was fighting in the valley; the Captaine of the
horse was killed, and the Troop scattered. Then came up the
rest of our men, killed the Major and some others, chased the
enemy, and commanded the Towne. Here Divine Providence
took a noble Captain off his feet before the dangerous discharge of
a Bullet, he stood not to fall but fell to rise. We lost few men in
this dangerous assault, took store of prisoners and armes, and came
in the nick of time to relieve the well-affected in Preston and
thereabouts, upon whom the Array were prepared to impose an
Oath and heavy Taxations. This prey God plucked out of the
teeth of the Lion and paw of the Bear.

Haughton Tower}

It was not long after, that this glorious victory was clouded by a
dark and terrible blow at Haughton Tower, where the miscarriages of
great and small in the taking of Preston did us more mischief than

1 See Tildesley's True Relation, and also the Perfect Relation of the Taking of the Town
of Preston, -pip. 71, 73.

8 A Punctual Relation of Passages, p. 80.

128 Lancashire's valley of achor.

all our enemies from the entrance of our hostility to that time ; as
sometimes Israelis sin thorow Balaam's counsell prevailed to
punish them more than Warre, or Witchcraft. Our men going-
down to take the Tower, and finding it prepared for entrance,
possessed themselves of it, till being burdened with the weight of
their swearing, drunkenesse, plundering, and wilfull waste at
Preston, it dispossessed them by the help of Powder to which their
disorders laid a Train fired by their neglected Matches, or by that
great Souldiers' Idoll, Tobacco. However it was, sure it is, that
the place so firmly united, chose rather to be torn in pieces than to
harbour the possessours. O that this thundering Alarm might
ever sound in the eares of our Swearing, Cursing, Drunken,
Tobacco-abusing Commanders and Souldiers unto unfaigned Re-
pentance. For do they think that those upon whom the Tower
fell and slew them, were sinners above the rest of the Army. Let
Christ that asked a like question, Luke 13. 4, 5, give the Answer :
/ tell you nay, but except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish ; In
the day when the Lord msiteth, he will visit their sins upon them.
Eocod. 32. 34.

Though our Sinnes thus clouded our Sun in the cleare day, yet
was not the praise of God's glorious goodnesse and power to be
darkned, but to be held forth two severall dayes, to hold proportion
with the time of our humiliation : which (if I mistake not) was
done.

The latter day of thanksgiving was at Manchester, the sixteenth
of February, the unhappy time that the Earle chose to recover his
Preston losses, in the gaining of poore and pious Bolton, which
would have been a back door to Manchester. The relation of that
businesse stands thus :

Bolton's first assault. 1
The Earle's Major Generall, with about one thousand Horse
and Foot, marched toward Bolton, surprized their Scouts in the

1 Ibidem, p. 81, and Speciall Passages, p. 76.

129

way, and discovered themselves to be within a mile of the Town,
about nine of the clocke, little suspecting that the Bolton Souldiers
were that while at Prayer in the Church, nor the Souldiers know-
ing what need they had by Prayer to prepare for Fight. Had
they presently come down upon the Towne, they had taken them
unprovided of Ammunition; but fetching a compasse that they
might come on in a more ominous way, by Great Leaver, the
Bishop's house, the Souldiers were furnished to resist. The
assault was fierce and threatning, the Outworks outed our men to
entertain the enemy, who stayed not there, but followed to the
Town, fired an house near the Sentinell, wherein the winde served
them to carry the smoke upon us ; But God presently commanded
the winde to blow from another point, to darken and smother the
fire-kindlers.

Then the Enemy tooke an house that joyned to the Mud- Wall,
and had Windows above it, which gave them advantage, to beat
our men from the Wall, and a Stable that opened into the Street,
whence they shot the Major through the Arme, and had commis-
sion to kill his Horse, but to save him. This doore they opened
to enter, but God so faced and feared them by our men, that they
turned their backs and shut the doore, found passage out, and
place for retreat. Whilest the Fight lasted, the vapouring Horse
prevented assistance, so that they compassed the people of God
about ; yea, They compassed them about, but in the Name of the Lord
they did destroy them. Psal. 118. 11. Whilest Gods people at Man-
chester did sing and praise, the Lord set ambushments against their
enemies at Bolton, and They vjere smitten. 2 Chron. 20. 21, 22.
Here the Canons roared often, but still played childrens play, for
they mortally bit but one lad, reported to be of their own side.

Hither their wittie malice brought a new invented mischievous
Instrument, which received this description at Bolton ; An head
about a quarter of a yard long, a staffe of two yards long, or more,
put into that head, twelve iron pikes round about, and one in the
end to stab with. 1 This fierce Weapon (to double their scorn)

1 In Mercurius Civicus (No. 6, June 8-16, 1643) is a representation of one of these

130 Lancashire's valley of achor.

they called A Roundhead ; but no weapon that is formed against
thee shall prosper. Isaiah 54. 17.

Lancaster.

The report of our taking in of Preston flew to Lancaster, and
prepared the Towne and Castle for our entrance. Thither was
sent a company of Foot and a troope of Horse to take possession.

This new and enlarged possession was inriched, honoured, and
secured by the God of the sea, who had provided for our welcome
and warlike entertainment a Dunkirke ship, a man of war, that
came from Spain furnished with 21 peeces of big brass and iron
Ordnance, fit to supply the Castle and fortifie other Garrisons.
Desire to see this Forreiner, and care to secure this captivity, led
some of note and worth into a teadious and removing captivitie ;
yet could not the enemy be thus satisfied, for the misse of such a
prize they labour to destroy that by fire which God had sent by
water. But God that sent the Peeces saved them ; the most came
whole and safe to the Castle before and after their lodging was
fired. But malice and enuie followed them.

The Earle attended with great strength besets Lancaster, and
sends this summons.

To the Major and Burgesses of the Town of Lancaster these.

Gentlemen,

I am come into these parts by His Majesties speciall command, to

free you from the bondage of these declared Traitours that now

oppresse you, and endeavour your destruction, by bringing you into

own condition. I will not now mention your former neglect of

" Roundheads," taken from the Papists in Lancashire, and said to correspond with
others found at Waller's house at Beaconsfield, Co. Bucks. It is described as being a
staff, twelve feet long, with a pike at the end, projecting from a knob, armed with
spikes, and certaine to inflict a deadly wound in whatever way it struck.

1 Speciall Passages, as before ; and respecting the ship, see God's Lift-up Hand for
Lancashire, p. 89, where the greater part of this passage is quoted literally.

131

the Kings Service, nor I hope I need not tell you what Forces I have,
or might have upon occasion, nor how joyfully all the Gountrey in my
march have joyned themselves unto me. If you will submit the Town
and your Armes unto me, and likewise endeavour with me to reobtaine
the Castle, you shall have all f aire usage from me ; if not, expect from
me what the Law of the Land and of Warre will inflict upon you.
Thus expecting your answer by ten of the Clock this day, I rest
March the 18, Your friend,

eight a clock. Derby.

This Summons came first to the hands of our Commanders of
the Castle, who gave the Town leave to returne this Answer.

Right Honourable,

We received yours of this instant, and do return this Answer ; that
all our Arms are under the command of Officers now within our
Town for the King and Parliament, so that we have not the disposall
of them ; and at their comming they took and fortified the Castle, which
was never in our command : and by reason thereof, have our Towne
likewise at their pleasure : so that both the Town and Castle are now
at the disposall, and will be (by Gods blessing) kept for his Majestie.
And thus we humbly take our leave, and rest

Your Honours
in all due respects.

This Answer pleaseth not ; they must expect the punishments
of War, which they found. They fiercely assault for an hour in
vaine ; they turn their rage upon houses, and by commission on
the sudden become ready firemen, all of them. They fire Houses
and Barnes without the sentinell, in which they sacrificed their
dead bodies. Thus they heated and smoked our valiant souldiers
from their Sentinell; and when they were entred the Towne,
Papist like, they continue to burn and butcher, denying Quarter
to our men, but rather cursedly quartering them ; from which
cruelty (raging mad) the most of our forces retired into the Castle.

The account of this cowardly Conquest is thus given in from
Lancaster : The dwelling houses that were burned, were in number

132 Lancashire's valley of achor.

fourscore and ten, containing three hundred Bayes of building.
The Barnes, Stables, Cow-houses, replenished with Corn, Hay,
and Cattell, that were burned, were eighty-six, contayning two
hundred and forty Bayes of building, and one Malt Kiln of four
Bayes of building, with three hundred Windles of Malt therein.
By all which it evidently appears that they displayed ,the Banner
of the Skarlet coloured Beast.

A miracle of mercy was wrought in the midst of this undoing
and heart breaking misery. They purposly and industriously gave
fire to two houses of persons well affected to King and Parlia-
ments but they would not take fire, no, by no means, though they
renewed their endeavours severall times in severall places, though
the next houses were burnt down to ground. God restrained the
remnant of their rage ; he remembred his promise, Esay. 43. 2.
The flame shall not kindle upon thee. Faith quenched the violence
of fire; this Shield quenched the fierie darts of the Devill. 1

March 19. 2000 of our Forces marched out for the timely relief
of Lancaster, but how they were divided and diverted, walked and
breathed too and fro, whilest the Earle fires Lancaster, recovered
Preston, and rifled BlacJcburne, I have no minde to inquire, but doe
sadly remember; and cannot easily forget how these tydings
affrighted our Commanders out of Lancaster Castle, and exposed
the Castle so well appointed, to the will of the Enemy, had not the
mighty God, by the assistance of a minister, doubled the spirit of
the heartie (though headlesse) Souldiers, to maintain with utmost
hazzard so great a trust. Thus God set our sunne backe many
degrees, but not in manifest favour as to HezeJciah : yet he brought
us to himselfe in Fasting and Prayer the seven and twentieth day
of March, that we repenting he might repent.

This very night came a messenger from Lancaster Castle, report-
ing the safetie of the Castle, the heartiness of the Souldiers, and
their comfortable provision.

1 Mercurius Aulicus, p. 84 ; and Lancaster's Massacre, p. 86.

LANCASHIRE S VALLEY OF ACHOR. 133

Boltons second Assault 1

The Earle encouraged by so manifold successe, hopes to gain all ;
he brings on Boltons second hour of sore Temptation, yet in an
unhappy season, March twenty eight, the day before the Nationall
Fast, and immediately after the Fast, March 27, at Manchester,
because of the Designe in hand, and also when the Towne was well
provided with Souldiers, and Bury also furnished for their succour.
The Enemie made no neare approach till three of the clock ; so
soone as they began to draw into a Body upon the Moore, our
Cannoneer drew his Cannon into a Croft on the backside of the
Towne, and at the second shot killed two horses neare a mile off.
Then a Messenger came to summon the Towne to submission, but
they resolved not to change the tenure for King and Parliament.
When Sun was set, and it began to be dark, the Minister of the
Town prayed with a company of Souldiers, most of them Towns-
men. The end of Prayer was the beginning of the Fight, and
where the Souldiers had even now prayed, they had a furious
assault. The enemy came on desperately, even to hand blowes,
and some of them leaped upon the Works, where they found
Club-law. The enemy retreated, and left ten men dead. After
this they made no assault till Bury forces were come into the
Town : for this second time they were more favourable to leave
an open passage to our succour. Then they made an assault
upon the South end of the Towne ; by the advantage of the dark-
nesse they came close to the Mud-wall. Here they hoped to
prosper by fire, as at Lancaster, but the light discovering their
nearnesse to danger, they fled for safetie. After this they marched
towards the West, but finding it a busie and warm corner, they
hasted off, and came on no more. The Enemy left upon the
ground at this assault three and twenty men. Bolton lost not a
man, nor had any hurt done save only one youth shot through the

1 No separate account of this second assault has occurred ; but it is necessary to
complete the number of assaults recorded on Okey's grave-stone in Bolton churchyard.
— " This town thrice stormed, once taken and plundered."

134 Lancashire's valley of achor.

arme. O admirable ! In Judah is God Jcnowne, his name is great
in Israeli. Psalme 76. 1. Many a time have they afflicted me (may
Bolton now say) yet they have (not) prevailed against me. Psalm 129.
1,2.

It was the aggravation of Solomons sinne and Gods anger, that
God had appeared unto him twice. 1 Kings 11. 9. Pray God that
it prove not Boltons case.

This starre appearing promised day to succeed our night, as it
did in the taking of Wigan, April 1, that impregnable piece the
Enemies pride and presumption, our fear and despaire ; of which
we sometimes said, it was not possible to take it by assault, or not
without much blood, though indeed the sinfulness of the place did
render it the weakest of all others.

Though our Horse made a retreating onset before our Foot came
up, though two Souldiers were slain with a Cannon Bullet in their
marching up, yet so venterous and daring was the stirring resolu-
tion of our Souldiers, that they were suddenly engaged so farre,
that they must go on or lose their lives.

They goe on and enter, whilest the Enemy opens a back doore
to go out, that the Towne might be free.

A bright beam of this shining victory, was that God by a merci-
ful recompence gave it into the hands of Bolton Souldiers, who had
been twice infested from Wigan, an evidence that God's side will
prosper, bee the disproportion what it will, poore Bolton shall abide
a double storm when God is with it ; proud and powerful Wigan
shall fall at once and with ease, when God is departed from it.

This glorious victory found us not gracious enough, it was too
much for us well to mannage ; it was not so gloriously achieved as
obscurely left ; it was turned into mourning by the too impressive
report of the Earls returning upon us. The Town, that strong
and advantageous Towne, was left that night.

But I love not to rake into, and gaze upon the infirmities of men
taken at advantage. In generall I conceive the case was that of
Barak, Judges 4. 8, 9. the worke was undertaken in unbelief e, so
that though we got the day, yet we lost the honour. Had wee

135

beene soaring npon the wing of Faith, we had not fallen so low in
feare.

Warringtons first Assault}

In great unpreparednesse, in debt for Wigan, in neglect of
meanes of reconciliation, in disorder and confidence of our Soul-
dier's, we assaulted Warrington the fift day of April, about four
of the Clock, till the night tooke us off. Thither wee came to
leave our dead, to distresse the well affected in the Towne, to
shame our courage, and in all to suffer the punishment of former
miscarriages, wherein Cheshire deeply shared with us. Now we
had the greatest strength abroad, partly our own, and partly bor-
rowed : But God delighteth not in the strength of the horse, he
taketh not pleasure in the legs of a man ; the Lord taketh pleasure
in them that fear him, in those that hope in his mercy, Psal. 147.
10, 11. Wigan (thought impregnable) proved easie ; Warrington
(thought easie) proved now impregnable : This seasonable check
chode us to duty, to publike thanksgivings for Wigan-mercy the
eleventh of April ; to humiliation, under Warrington-Sis^leasuYe 9
the thirteenth of April. The day of thanksgiving was made joy-
full by the incoming of Ammunition ; the day of humiliation was
delivered of that wonder, or confluence of wonders about Padiham.

The rise of BlacJcburne?
The Earle accompanied with 2000 (as is judged) came to Ro-
chester over night, to Whalley by eight of the clocke to a Green
not far from Padiham ; Our side had but two or three hundred
Fire-men, and fourscore or a hundred Horse, so that in means
there was no possibility of safety. When we went out first to
meet them there were not above a hundred Firemen, yet such

1 See the notes on Manchester's Joy for Derbies Overthrow, p. 94.
2 Relation of Col. Ashton's Victory over the E. of Derby at Whalley, p. 95.

136 Lancashire's valley of achor.

resolution God gave them, above and against all sense and reason,
that they would needs let flie at them, and God suddenly turned
them to flight. Our encouraged Souldiers pursued them to Whalley,
(where their two or three shots of Powder (all they had at first to
accomplish so great a work) were well increased by their enemies
store) from thence to the Sands, thence to Lango Green, thence
to Bible-side, called Salsbury Boat : The Horse and Foot took
Bible, many of the Foot wading to the chin. In all this Chase,
being about iive miles in length, they often turned their faces, but
as often turned their backs, and hasted away, till they had quit the
Hundred and no more infested it.

Thus God remembred us in our low estate ; he chose the weak
things of the world, to confound the things that are mighty, that
no flesh should glory in his presence ; O my soul thou hast trodden
down strength, God hath delivered Sisera into the hand of a
woman ; Have they not sped ? have they not divided the x>rey ?
(they boasted in the morning what they would do, and directed
their Warrants to the Countrey to come in the day following, to
compound with the Earl for their liberty.) So let all thine ene-
mies perish O God ; but let them that love thee be as the Sun
when he goeth forth in his might, rising higher and higher till he
come to a noonday Victory.

Lancaster Voyage. 1

Our desire to secure our Garrisons, to relieve Warrington, which
we had occasionally oppressed, and to improve those new talents
lent us by God, and sent us by Sea, made us thinke upon a Voyage
to Lancaster ; the fairnesse of the weather, and drinesse of the
way, were strong encouragements. We began our March the
eight and twentieth day of April : the presence of God was sought

1 The details of this advance of the Parliamentarians northwards, and the move-
ments of Lord Derby and of his forces to fall back on the Queen at York, are given in
Extracts from Newspapers, p. 99.

Lancashire's valley of achor. 137

for safe Convoy; and so terrible was the presence that accom-
panied our March (what else can it be imputed to ?) that our
Forces passed safely thorow Wigan, (though the enemy found his
former nest after we had taken it) Prescot, Ormeskirk, (where we
marred an intended muster) and Preston (that recovered Preston).
Whence (hearing our friends in Lancashire were in some danger,
though it was nothing but the Earls hasting into Yorkshire, and
the rest of the Forces speeding to Hornby Castle) we stretched our
March to Lancaster.

In all this way as we moved, so the enemy removed ; we saw
nothing remarkable in them, but cruelty and cowardice : For
some Troops of Horse meeting a poor boy unarmed, which out-
went his company, clave his head, and barbarously mangled him :
Also thereabouts the enemy after a slight skirmish, overcame by
flight.

Our arrive at Lancaster was welcomed with the safety of the
Castle, the good posture of the Garrison, their comfortable pro-
vision, and the well nigh preparednesse of the Carriage : And after
we had refreshed our Army a few days with the sight of Thurland
Castle, and the report of our forraigners against Hornby Castle,
we advanced homeward the ninth day of May, and under the
former gracious Conduct came safe home, though laden with the
weight of twelve whole Pieces and two broken ones (the rest
fortifying the Castle) all which we acknowledged in solemne
thanksgiving in Manchester, the sixteenth of May.

Warrington Siege. 1

All this while the cry of oppressed Warrington importuned
heaven, and compassion wrought in us : and having this far fetched
terrifying assistance, we entred upon a new and prosperous Voyage
the twentieth day of May : The three and twentieth of May was

1 See Extracts from Contemporary Authorities, p. 101.

138 Lancashire's valley of achor.

designed for Fasting and Prayer in Manchester, to meet with the
beginning of the enterprise against Warrington.

Whilst the duty was in performing, tidings came of the taking
of WinwicJc Church and Steeple, they on the Steeple standing on
terms till God sent a deadly messenger out of a Fowling Piece
to one of them ; also a strong Hall, possessed by professed Romane
Catholikes, and stored with Provision, as if it had been purposely
laid in both for our supply and ease.

In this Warrington Siege so good a friend was God to our faith,
that the greatest Peece was made unusefull the second time it was
in use, and without the terrour of those Idols the living God gave
us the Church and Steeple the 26 of May, with the losse of one
man; and that strong Hold upon terms May 28.

A Providence much to be observed in this Siege was this : One
night our men were to work within half Musket shot of the Town ;
It was a great calme that they could not worke but the enemy
would hear : When some went to worke others went to Prayers :
and God raised a great winde that tooke away the noise : a Provi-
dence not altogether unlike what I have heard in Boston. The
Chancellor gave Organs to Boston ; before they breath in that new
world the well-affected pray : after their prayers, a mighty winde
forceth its passage into the Church, blows down the Organs, brake
them, and stopt their breath.

That which ripened the enemies ruine, was their hard usage of
prisoners, and well affected in the Town, their extreme cruelty in
the Countrey, killing a godly man and his wife in their owne
house ; and their professed confidence and pride in their strong
Hold appearing by their hanging out a Flag of Defiance upon the
highest Chimney.

At this time waited a Ship at Liverpoole, watching this friendly
opportunity to unburden itself for Cheshire, and to supply us with
Powder, Liverpoole readily giving entertainment and assistance to
it and us. Some recompence God made to tyred Warrington, in
the shortnesse of the Siege, and security from spoyle, which we

Lancashire's valley of achor. 139

charitably made an Article of our Peace: This return of Prayers,
called in our Vows in Manchester, June 1.

Lancaster succoured. 1

About this time Lancaster, that had relieved us, called aloud for
relief, having been begirt twenty dayes, the report of our march
raised the seige, and strongly garrisoned Hornby and Thursland
Castles ; the rest of the Forces marching into Westmorland, and
thence into YorJceshire, to joyn with the Queen of Armies.
Having relieved our Garrison, we marched toward the Castles ;
the attempt upon one, was blessed to win both. Three foot Com-
panies being drawn out to view Homely Castle, They fell upon
an Ambuscado of the Enemy within halfe Musket shot, they gave
fire upon the whole Body of Horse and Foot ; But God made all
shot free a promising Providence.

This attempt was judged dangerous in the undertaking, and
dishonourable in the Issue, but incouraged by a weighty and sea-
sonable word of a present Divine.

The Onset was led on, not altogether unlike that of David upon
the AmaleMtes, 1 Sam. 30. 11.

Our Scouts took a Souldier that had escaped out of the Castle,
who gave us true information of the state of things, taught us
rather to enter in by the Window (a great Window at the end of
the Hall) and undertook to lead the Forces to this place of
advantage. The Companies drawn out for this Designe, accom-
modated with scaling Ladders, great Hammers, Ropes, Mattocks,
and some combustible matter for the Gates, were appointed to
play upon that side towards the Gates, to draw them from
that side, where the rest were to force their entrance. The fore
Forces played upon the Castle and Church not without great
danger of Iron and Stones, till they put fire to the Gates which
smoaked them further off: The back-forces were as busie at the

1 The reduction of Hornby and Thurland are given in p. 106, but less particularly .
and the circumstance of the siege of Lancaster by the Westmoreland forces, and the
raising of it by Ashton's advance, are not noticed in the account there extracted.

140 Lancashire's valley of achor.

Window, scaling and hammering ; Which undaunted resolution to
enter by the Gates and Window, speeded the cry of the Enemy
for Quarter, which was speedily granted, the Gates opened, and
the Castle entred.

In this assault, for two hours space, we lost but two Common
Souldiers, a third dangerously wounded, some other hurt with
stones but not mortally.

Thursland Castle,

The next day Thursland Castle was delivered upon unkept
conditions, 1 which would be a wonder here and elsewhere, did we
not know the principle, No faith is to be kept with HeretiJces.

By this time mercie hath set us a crowne upon the head of poor
Lancashire, the rich blessing of dying Moses, Deut. 33. 29. Happy
art thou, Lancashire, who is like unto thee, people I Saved by
the Lord, the Shield of thy help, and who is the sword of thy excellency,
and thine enemies shall be found lyars unto thee, and thou shalt tread
upon their high places. And I may revive HabakuFs Song, Hab. 3.
12, 13, 14. Thou didst march thorow the land in indignation, thou
did thresh the Heathen in anger, thou wentest forth for the salvation
of thy People, even for salvation with thine anointed ; thou woundest
the head out of the house of the wicked, by discovering the foundation
unto the necke, Selah. Though didst strike thorow with his staves the
head of his villages ; they came out as a whirlwinde to scatter me,
their rejoycing was as to devour the poor secretly. When God had
thus rode thorow our County upon his Horses and Charets of
Salvation, The whole County triumphed in his praise, July 5.
For our mouth was inlarged over our enemies and our heart did re-
joy ce in his Salvation.

1 The " unkept conditions" appear to relate to the re-occupation of it by Sir John
Girlington, who filled it with forces anew, upon which it was taken and burnt by
Rigby, in the early part of October following. See particulars in Bigby's letter,
printed in this volume, p. 148.

Lancashire's valley op achor. 141

Having thus led the Reader over the severall Beds of Flowers
in this Garden of Providence, I will gather and binde up a Posie
of select and fragrant Flowers, and sweetly conclude this comfort-
able Historic

1 . Our Nobles have been of ourselves, and our Governors have pro-
ceeded out of the midst of us. Jer. 30. 20. Some of them the subject
of earnest Prayer, Publike, Private, Ordinary, Extraordinary, for
seven years space if not for ten.

2. Our Commanders and Leaders have had unparalelled preserva-
tion, we lost but one man of note, but one Captain in all our conflicts,
and him through extreme crueltie ; he asked quarter, but all was on

fire in Lancaster, 1 and they ivould give none, but sought rather cruelly
to kill him ; then to kill him by many rather than by one, God covered
their heads in the day of battle. Psal. 140. 7. He gave them the
shield of his salvation. Psal. 18. 35.

3. Duties of humiliation and thanksgiving {which were cooped up
in comers, as deeds of darknesse, by the Bishops) were now by the
countenance of authority brought into the open assembly, as the onely
way of successe and prosperity, in our just defence and offence.

4. Evident undenyable answers of Prayers, sometimes at present,
sometimes soon after.

5. Mercies denied at one time with strokes, have been granted at
another time with full handed favours.

6. God hath remembred us in our low estate, our highest Tide hath
follovjed our lowest Ebbe. Gods power hath been perfected in our
weaknesse, his beauty hath shined in our confusions.

7. God hath shared his imployments and successes in a kinde of
proportion, amongst our Commanders and Souldiers, that all might
have some, and none might have all, that all might be humbled, and
none discouraged. Herein hath God wisely wrought for their unity,
mutuall respects, assistance, encouragement, and honour.

8. Mercies and afflictions have counter-poized one another ; In all
this way of providence mercies have been imbitiered, and crosses

1 Captain William Shuttleworth, of Gawthorp, slain at Lancaster. See p. 85 ; and
Whitaker's Whalley, p. 339.

142 Lancashire's valley of achor.

sweetened; comfort and humiliation have watched and waited on
each other. Gods constant project hath been, to nourish] grace, and
subdue corruption at the same time ; a worke no lesse happy then
hard.

All I would say more, is to the County, much hath'beene said

of it, and of God in it : Let me speake Samuels counsel. 1 Samuel

12. 14. Onely feare the Lord, and serve him in truth with all your

heart, for consider how great things he hath done for you. Adde

Joshuas warning. Josh. 24. 20. If ye forsake the Lord and serve

strange gods, then will he turn and doe you hurt and consume you

after he hath done you good, which God

forbid, for his Christs

sake.

FINIS.

^•4^^H^-$^^^^-^-$-~$--$--$--$''$--^-{^-^-^--$-'$- -^ ■$-$"-§-$--$-

143

adapter &H.

THE GARRISON IN THE DEFILES NEAR BLACKSTONE EDGE DEFEAT OF

THE CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND ROYALISTS BY RIGBY AND

FINAL REDUCTION AND DESTRUCTION OF THURLAND CASTLE.

JULY OCTOBER MDCXLIII.

XXXVI.

A Declaration and Summons sent by the Earl of Newcastle to the
Town of Manchester, to lay down their arms, with the resolute
Answer of the Commanders in chief and Souldiers in Manchester,
to spend their blood for the honour of the King, the Protestant Reli-
gion, and the Priviledges of Parliament, against the Papists and
Malignants now under his Lordships command.
Imprimatur John White.

London, printed for Peter Cole, and are to be sold at the Glove in
Cornhill, July 15, 1643.

A Declaration and Summons sent by the Earl of Newcastle to the
town of Manchester to lay downe their Armes, &c.

I presume you are not ignorant of the successe it hath pleased
Almighty God to give unto his Majesties army under my com-
mand, 1 and the great desire I have to avoyd of Christian bloud,
which moves me, before I proceed any further towards you, to
make you an oner of his Majesty's Grace and Mercy, if you will
submit yourselves, lay downe your armes, so unjustly taken up in
contempt of the lawes of this kingdom, and immediately returne

1 Alluding to his recent successes against Lord Fairfax and his son at Atherton or
Adwalton Moor, June 30, and against Sir Thomas Fairfax at Bradford, on or about
July 2. See Fairfax's Memoirs, the Duchess of N.'s Life of Newcastle, and Lister's
Autobiography, p. 22, edit. 1842.

144 Newcastle's summons of Manchester.

to your due allegiance. His Majesty is gratiously pleased to
authorize me to receive you into his favour and protection, which
I am as willing to do, as to inforce your obedience if you will
refuse. I cannot but wonder while you fight against the King
and his authority, you should so boldly offer to Professe yourselves
for King and Parliament, and most ignominiously scandalize this
Army with the Title of Papists, when we ventured our Lives and
Fortunes for the true Protestant Religion, established in this King-
dome. Be no longer deceived, for the bloud that shall be shed in
this quarrel will assuredly fall on your own heads. I have no
other ends in this, but to let you see your error, if you please, for
my condition is such that I need not Court you ; if not, let me
receive your answers by this messenger, and you may expect to
find little favour (if you force my nature), but such as is due to
high Contemners of His Majesties Grace and Favour, now offered
to you by

W. Newcastle.
Bradford, 5 July
1643.

Manchester's Answer.

Right Honourable,
It hath been ever since the first fomenting of the unhappy diffe-
rences in this kingdom, and so shall be our principall care and
endeavour to preserve the true Protestant Religion by law esta-
blished in this Realm, the honour of the King in all Regall Rights
and Prerogatives, and Priviledges of Parliament, and the true
and native liberties and Priviledges of the subject by Law esta-
blished : and then it is not to be wondred at, that having been
oppressed by Papists and other Malignants we have by defensive
arms laboured to repell such as by colour of his Majesties Com-
mission have endeavoured to overthrow Religion, his Majesties
Regall Rights and Honour, with all the immunities of this King-
dom, in the Preservation whereof his Majesties Noble Progenitors

145

have so long and honourably flourished : by which we hope it is
apparent to all indifferent, judicious, and religious people, that we
have not put ourselves out of his Majesties protection, nor cannot
possibly enter into our understanding that the true Protestant
Religion cannot be intended to be defended by so great a Com-
pany of Papists, as have been and now are in arms under such
protection ; nor the Propriety of the Subject by so many Aliens,
and other Malefactors, as daily resort unto them : and we could
wish so honourable a person as yourself might be seperated and
freed from protecting such Delinquents. Sir, we are nothing dis-
mayed at your force, but hope that God, who hath been our Pro-
tector hitherto, will so direct our just Army, that we shall be able
to return the violence intended into their bosoms, that shall assay
the prosecution of it, which shall be the endeavour of

His Majesties most humble and
Rochdale, 7 July Obedient Subjects. 1

1643.

Extracts from Newspapers, etc. relative to the Skirmishes between the

Earl of Newcastle and the Manchester Garrison,

June 16— Sep. I, 1643.

Continuation of certain Speciall Passages, No. 52.

June 16. — Two thousand "of the valiant Manchester Men" stated to have
come to the assistance of Fairfax in Yorkshire.

Perfect Diurnall (Coles and Blaiklock) No. 1, June 30.
As above ; but the troops rated at 1500 foot and three troops of horse. Their

1 The title of a tract connected with this subject is added, but it does not contain
any historical matter:

" Some Notable Observations upon the late Summons by the Earl of Newcastle, of
the Town of Manchester. Written by a worthy Member of the House of Commons,
and appointed to be printed. (Imprimatur John White.) London, printed for Ed-
ward Husbands, and are to be sold at his shop in the Middle Temple, 1643, Aug. 4."
4to. 8pp.

146 FORTIFICATION AT BLACKSTONE EDGE.

own country " freed from all disturbers of their peace," and the Earl of Derby (as
supposed) " at his house in Holy Island."

Parliamentary Scout, No. 2, June 29 — July 6.

Fairfax and the Manchesterians discomfited at Bradford, and only 200 remain-
ing with him, " the rest having gone home. There was few or none of them
slaine, for they never came to engage in the fight, they bringing up the reare of
the army." This relates to the defeat of Fairfax at Adderton or Adwalton Moor
by the Earl of Newcastle. See Lister's Autobiography, p. 19, 8vo. 1842.

[Then follow the Earl of Newcastle's Summons to Manchester, July 5 ; and
Manchesters Answer, dated Rochdale, July 7, as given in the preceding Tract.]

Perfect Diumall (Coles and Blaiklock) No. 3, July 17.

Parliament receives an account of Newcastle's Summons, and an application
from Manchester for " 40 barrels of powder and some few arms, and they doubt
not but to preserve their town and whole countie, and further, to assist Lord
Fairfax."

According to the dates given by Roseworm, this application is immediately sub-
sequent to the Earl of Newcastle's defeat of the Manchesterians at Wisked Hill,
where he (Roseworm) was not present ; and prior to the fortifications of the York-
shire passes, made under the direction of him and the Deputy Lieutenants of
Lancashire, which finally diverted the Earl to the siege of Hull.

Certaine Informations, No. 26, July 17.

July 13. — Mention of Newcastle's Summons and the Reply. " And it is further
informed that they have placed a garrison of twelve hundred men in Rochdale,
and eight hundred men more upon Blackstone edge, to guard the passage into
their country out of Yorkshire, and that they have sent away Colonell Goring and
their other prisoners, but whither it was not knowne, yet it was supposed to Liver-
pole."

Perfect Diumall, No. 4, July 17—24.

July 17. — " Manchester men, it is this day certified, have secured the passage
from Yorkshire into their countie, with two pieces of ordnance and a strong gar-
rison, and have now little feares of any attempte against them by the Newcastle
army ; and they have sent up to the Parliament Colonell Goring, Sir Thomas
Danby, Sir John Gotherick, and Major Hilliard, that were prisoners there." y

1 The three last were taken prisoners about the beginning of the year, in fights near
Bradford. There is much confusion as to the Colonel Goring intended. See Fairfax's
Memoirs, the Tracts appended to Lister's Autobiography, and the remarks of Lodge in
his life of Lord Goring, in his Illustrious Portraits.

SKIRMISHES NEAR BLACKSTONE EDGE. 147

Certaine Informations, No. 27, July 17 — 24.

Advice from Manchester that Newcastle had lately sent " 200 horse to break
through the passage at Blacstone edge into their countrey, but with no successe,
for their garrison in that place slew and tooke some of them, and sent back the
rest to tell their fellows that they will hardly have passage that way, because it is
naturally so strong that five hundred men can keep 1000, neither is that way fit,
either for carriages or ordnance."

Continuation of Special Passages, No. 5 1 .

July 20. — " On Saturday last we had certaine news from Lancashire, that the
ever renouned Manchesterians had given a repulse to the domineering Popish
army in the North, upon their attempt at the passage of Blackston to invade that
county ; that they tooke about four troopes of their horse, and forced the rest to a
retreat. The statement adds, " that the Manchester men are so little in feare of
the Popish army, that they have sent a greate part of their forces to joy ne with Sir
William Brereton, in the besieging of Chester." — See BurghalFs Diary as to this
junction, July 17.— Cole's MSS. Brit. Mus.

July 27. — Confirmation of defeat of Newcastle, and intelligence that the Man-
chester " forces which beseeged Warrington had ever since beseeged Halton
Castle (in Cheshire)" — which would have fallen sooner, if the garrison had not
receeved supplies through the treachery of some of the Parliamentary commanders.
Eicraft (England's Champions, p. 91) dates its fall on July 22.

Certaine Informations, No. 28, July 31.

That some of Newcastle's forces had been defeated in Lancashire, near Colne ;
some slain, and about forty taken.

Parliament Scout, No. 7, p. 54, Aug. 10.

Manchester sends out forces towards Yorkshire, to take in some small places
upon the frontiers.

Certaine Informations, No. 30, Aug. 14.

Communication with Manchester interrupted, " because the roads are stopt, so
that no post can passe," but accounts from travellers that Lancashire is quiet since
they beat the Newcastellians from Colne, Clithero, and Thornton.

Mercurius Aulicus, p. 465. Letters from York, Aug. 24.

That the King's troops at Newark had taken all the rebels' fourscore horse laden
with ammunition, going from Boston " to relieve all their good brethren at Man-
chester."

148

Certaine Informations, p. 257, No. 33.

Sep. 1. — Letters from Manchester " that the whole county palatine of Lancaster
enjoyeth yet ease, quiet, and freedom both from internall and externall enemies."

Mercurius Britannicus, No. 2, Sep. 5.

Sep. 2. — Lancashire. " They write thence that the Earl of Derby (whose
ancestors were formerly reputed King in Man, though this gentleman for adhering
to the Papists is deserted of mankind in his own countrey) keeps privately in the
Isle of Man, bewailing his honour that is wounded, and repairing his losses out of
his friends estates in that Isle by force. The Lancashire horse still make incur-
sions into Craven in Yorkeshire, and get horses, cattel, and sheep, from off the
lands of those in arms against the Parliament."

XXXVII.

A True Relation of the great victory obtained by Gods providence by
the Parliaments forces in Lancashire, against the forces raised by
the King in the Counties of Westmoreland and Cumberland, where
they took Thurland Castle, and in the fight took of the Enemy Col.
Hitddleston, 2 Captains, an Ensigne, 400 prisoners, 7 Colours,
Jcilld many, drove many into the Sea, took their Magazine, divers
Arms and Horses, and totally routed them.

Sent in a letter by Colonell Rigby, a member of the House of Commons,
to the Honourable William Lenthall, Esq., Speaker of the said
House.

Ordered by the Commons in Parliament that this Relation be forth-
with printed and published.

H. Elsynge, Cler. Pari. T>. Com.
Printed for Edw. Husbands, Nov. 20, 1643.

A true relation of the great Victory obtained by God's providence
by the Parliaments forces, &C. 1

Honoured Sir,

That I may give you an account of our proceedings at Thur-
land, you may understand that Sir John Girlington having drawn

1 This letter is printed in Vicars' Parliamentary Chronicle, part ii. p. 78. An account

rigby's victory in furness. 149

forces into his Castle of Thurland, 1 he began to plunder the
Countrey, and commit Robberies and Murthers, and thereupon for
the suppression of him and his adherents, I repaired thither, and
after 7 weeks straight siege of the Castle it was delivered unto me
to be demolished, upon agreement to suffer him and all his in the
Castle to passe away with their lives and goods. During most
part of the siege the greatest part of the Forces of Westmerland
lay within our view, and daily threatned us, but God confined them
to their own County, and every day more and more inclined the
hearts of the Commons of Westmerland to decline any attempt
upon us, though we then lay in an Out angle of our County, far
from Supplies, and whilest these things were in suspense a Design
was set on foot by all the Malignant Gentry of Westmerland and
Cumberland, and by Roger Kirby and Alex. Righy, of the Burghe,
two Lancashire Men, to raise all the forces of Cartmell and Fournes
part of Lancashire, to joyn with Cumberland and Westmerland, to
surprize Lancaster and Hornby 2 Castles, and to assault us on all
sides, and to raise our siege, and then to proceed further into
Lancashire, and as upon credible information I beleive to joyn
with Latham House, and all the ill affected in our County, to our
generall devastation. And to this end they drew together part of
Cumberland forces into Fournes, and with them the strength of
that place, to about the number of 1600, intending the next day to

of the engagement between Rigby and Col. Hudleston (by Thomas Park of Millwood,
high constable of Furness, and a witness of the action) is given in West's Furness, 4to.
p. 52, which fixes the date of the battle to Sunday, Oct. 1. It was fought at Lyndale Close.

1 Thurland had previously surrendered, together with its owner, to Col. Ashton, in
June preceding, but, as the author of the Valley of Achor states, " on unkept condi-
tions," alluding possibly to this reoccupation by Girlington.

8 An order for dismantling Hornby Castle had passed Parliament in July preceding
this letter, but of course had not been carried into effect.

The Castle here mentioned, and which occupied what Dr. Whitaker considered to
be the noblest situation in Lancashire, must be distinguished from the earlier Castle
built by the Montbegon family on the same site, and which possessed a keep tower of
which the walls were thirty-six feet in width at the base. It had been rebuilt by the
hero of Flodden, Edward Stanley, Lord Monteagle ; but though inferior to its prede-
cessor, is said to have included twenty -one acres within its walls. See Whitaker's
Richmondshire, ii. 253.

150 rigby's victory near furness.

March into Cartmell towards us, and then to adde to their forces,
and in their way they tooke and imprisoned divers of the best affected,
and caused the rest of them to fly out of the Country, who posting
to us, I forthwith took 500 foot, 2 Drakes, and 3 small Troopes of
Horse, parcell of my forces at Thurland, and with them in one day
I marched almost 30 miles, over mountaines, and thro Sea sands
and waters, within two miles of the Enemy, and the next morning,
being the Lords day, we found the Enemy in the Field, standing
with a body of Horse and another of foot in a posture to receive
us, upon a ground chosen for their own advantage : and when we
were within half a mile of them, we committed ourselves to Gods
protection, and began our worke with publike prayers for his
blessing upon us : and those done, we speeded up to the Enemy
with such Resolution and Courage in all the Captaines and
Common Souldiers, as by their deportment I might have rather
deemed that they had made hast to have saluted their friends than
to have encountered their enemies. The enemies word was {In
with Queen Mary), ours was {God with us), and at our first ap-
pearance God so struck the hearts of these our enemies with
terrour, that before a blow given their Horse began to retreat, our
foot gave a great shout, our Horse pursued, theirs fled ; their foot
dispersed and fled ; they all trusted more to their feet then their
hands; they threw away their arms and colours, deserted their
Magazin drawn by 8 oxen, and were totally routed in one quarter
of an hour's time ; our horse slew some few of them in the pursuit
and drave many of them into the Sea; We took their Colonel
Huddleston of Millam, 2 Captains and an Ensign, and about 400
Prisoners, 6 foot Colours and one horse Colour, and their Magazin,
and some horses and more Arms than men ; and all this without
the losse of any one man of ours ; we had only one man hurt by
the Enemy, and only another hurt by himselfe with his own
Pistoll, but neither mortally ; upon the close of the business all
our men with a great shout cryed out Glory be to God, and wee
all, except one Troop of horse and one foot Company, which I
left to quiet the Country, returned forthwith to our siege at
Thurland; most of our Horsemen without alighting from our

rigby's reduction of thurland. 151

horses, and most of us all without eating or drinking, so that early
the next day we came again to Thurland, where we found our
siege continued within view of more then treble forces from West-
morland. This worke in Fournes had that influence upon all the
Castlers and all the Gentry of Westmorland and Cumberland who
then lay within our sight at Kirby Loynsdale, that within two
days after, the Castle was by the negotiation of Sir Philip Mus-
grave, then commanding in chiefe in Westmerland and Cum-
berland, agreed to be rendered unto me to be demolished, which is
accordingly done, and though I endeavoured to have preserved all
the combustible materials therein from fire, yet I could not therein
prevaile with the common Souldiers without great displeasure.

My humble suit now is, to have the order of the house of Commons
for my indempnity for demolishing the Castle, and because Colonel
Hudleston (who yet hath a Regiment in' Yorkshire, in or near
Halifax) is as I heare Serjeant Major General of Cumberland, and
the most considerable Man in Cumberland, and our next neighbour
to Lancashire, and one whom, without further danger to the peace
of our Countie, I cannot conceive can be kept Prisoner here, I have
therefore presumed to send him unto you, under the care and
custody of Mr. Robert Fog, of whose industry and fidelity both you
and wee here have had much experience. Sir, that God may bless
and prosper all your designs, and proceedings, for his glory and
the peace of this Kingdom, is the daily prayer of

Your most humble Servant,

Preston in Lancashire, Alex. Rigby.

this 17 of October, 1643. 1

1 The Castle mentioned in this letter as thus taken for the second time and des-
troyed, was the seat of the Tunstalls from the reign of Edward II to about 1637, when
it passed by sale to the Girlingtons, who again alienated it towards the close of the
same century. It was fortified by license, temp. Henry IV, and numbers amongst its
proprietors the " stainless knight" of Scott's Marmion, Sir Brian Tunstall. An ex-
cellent account of it will be found in Whitaker's Richmondshire, with an engraving of
the modern Castle, — a most successful imitation of the ancient castellated mansions, and
erected close to the ruins of the more ancient pile, which is also engraved among
Phillips's Lancashire Halls. It is said to have been partially restored by John Gir-
lington, before his shrievalty in 1663.

152

adapter WM.

ADVANCE OF LANCASHIRE FORCES INTO CHESHIRE AND WALES THEIR

RETREAT BEFORE BYRON AND THE IRISH TROOPS WITH DEFEAT NEAR

MIDDLEWICH THEIR COOPERATION WITH BRERETON AND FAIRFAX

RELIEF OF NANTWICH WITH DEFEAT OF BYRON, WHO FALLS BACK ON

CHESTER COMMENCEMENT OF ACTUAL SIEGE OF LATHOM.

JANUARY MARCH MDCXLIV.

* # * The following Extracts from Newspapers relate to the period
when the Royalists were reinforced by the Irish troops sent from
Dublin by the Marquis of Ormond, on which occasion the Parlia-
mentary Cheshire and Lancashire forces retired from North Wales,
and Byron, reducing Hawarden Castle, Beeston Castle, &c.
advanced from Chester, of which he was Governor, against the
Parliament garrison in Nantwich, and summoned it in January
1644. See Clarendon^ remarks, Hist, of Great Rebellion, iv. 427,
edit. 1826 : "It cannot be denied the reducing of that place at
that time would have been of unspeakable importance to the
King's affairs, there being between that and Carlisle no one town
of moment {Manchester only excepted) against the King: and
those two populous counties of Cheshire and Lancashire (if they
had been united against the Parliament) would have been a strong
bulwark against the Scots."

Perfect Diurnall, No. 21 (Coles and Blaiklock) p. 164, Dec. 18.

Tuesday, Dec. 12. — Statement that Sir William Brereton retired to Nantwich
on the landing of the 3000 Irish soldiers in Wirral. That Lord Byron had come
to Shrewsbury to join them ; " and the Manchester men are returned home, to
divert General Kinges design either against Manchester or into Cheshire."'

To the same effect in BurghalPs Diary (Hist. Chesh. iii. 225) from which it
appears that the combined Cheshire and Lancashire forces had previously pos-
sessed themselves of Holt, Wrexham, &c. and the adjacent portion of North Wales.

In the same Diary (ibidem) will be found an account of the fight hereafter men-

EXTRACTS FROM NEWSPAPERS. 153

tioned on Dec. 26, commencing at Booth lane near Sandbach, and terminating in
the defeat of the Parliamentarians at Middlewich. It is also noticed in the
Cheshire Tract entitled Magnalia Dei, 4to. 1644, p. 3.

Perfect Diurnall, No. 25 (Coles and Blaiklock) p. 199, Jan. 15.
" You have heard, I doubt not, of the unhappy surprizal of part of Colonel
Ashions regement from Lancashire, going to assist Sir William Brewerton, the
truth of which businesse for your better satisfaction is thus related. That the said
Colouell marching with his forces towards Midlewich, which place was appointed
for general rendevouz, the Lord Byron having private notice thereof, with about
4000 horse and foote lay in wait to surprize them, and accordingly set upon them
at a greate advantage by gayninge of a passage, and after a very hott encounter,
and many slaine (whereof Major Ferrer of the enemies, some other officers and
many souldiers), our forces being so far overpowerd by the number of the enemy,
were put to the rout, but with no great losse of men that I heare of."

Certaine Informations, No. 52, p. 409.
Jan. 15, 1644. — In mentioning this defeat of the Lancashire forces near Middle-
wich, statement that the troops of Lord Byron had received an addition of 4 or
5000 Irish ; that the number of the Lancashire men that escaped were 6 or 7000,
leaving 100 prisoners and 30 slain, after a 4 or 5 hours' fight ; and " we also hear
from them that those Irish have hewed a godly minister in pieces, and so have
begun a new Irish massacre in England." 1

Perfect Diurnall (Coles and Blaiklock) No. 26 (Jan. 22) p. 202.

Letter said to be intercepted (being from Lord Byron to the Earl of Newcastle,
respecting the before-mentioned defeat of Col. Ashton's Lancashire regiment) and
sent by Sir William Brereton to the House of Commons. 8

In the same number, a report of the Moorlanders (dragoons) and Fairfax ad-

1 This was Mr. John Fowler, whose throat was cut by Major Connought, in the mas-
sacre of the country people driven into Barthomley Church. See BurghalTs Diary,
Chester Edit. 8vo. p. 925. " A hopeful young man and a Minor" but the Tarporley
MS. (Cole's MSS.) gives this more correctly, and reads " Minister there." He was pro-
bably son of Richard Fowler, Vicar of Barthomley, who was instituted July 7, 1617.
See Hist. Chesh. iii. 164.

8 This letter, which is given also in Vicars' Pari. Chronicle, part ii. p. 129, is printed
therefrom, with Vicars' remarks inserted between brackets.

" A copy of Sir John Byron's (I had almost said Sir John Butcher's) letter, to the
Marquess of Newcastle, dated Dec. 26, 1643.

" My Lord, — I have already dispatched two messengers to your excellency, to give
you an account of my proceedings in these parts. I am now at Sambich, and have
thought fit to acquaint } r our excellency that Brereton for the relief of Namptwich had
so prevailed with the Lancashire men, as to draw thence 1500 foot, which I having

154 EXTRACTS FROM NEWSPAPERS.

vancing to the relief of Nantwieh, " where they may happily meete with this
Turkish Lord Byron ;" and ibidem, mention of a ship from Bristol, with cannon
for Chester, having been taken by its crew to the Parliament garrison at Liverpool.

For the relief of Nantwieh by Fairfax, assisted by the Cheshire forces under
Sir W. Brereton, and by Ashton with the Lancashire forces, see Boseworm,
Fairfax's Memoirs, his letter to the Earl of Essex, Hist. Chesh. vol. iii. p. 228,
Burghall's Diary, Partridge's Nantwieh, Magnalia Dei, and Vicars' Parliamentary
Chronicle.

On Jan. 21, 1643-4, Fairfax marched from Manchester with 2500 foot and 28
troops of horse to the relief of Nantwieh, left, during the absence of Brereton (as
mentioned in the preceding note), under the command of George Booth, after-
wards Lord Delamere, whose aged parent, Sir George Booth the elder, was then
on the verge of his eightieth year. In the report of the defeat of Byron on the
25th, addressed to the Earl of Essex, Fairfax praises particularly the services of
Col. Ashton. Col. Booth's and Col. Holland's Lancashire regiments were also
engaged. Among the prisoners he mentions " 120 women, many of whom had
long knives." These were a part of the Irish auxiliaries, and are noticed in other
proceedings. On Feb. 13, after the raising of the siege, a day of thanksgiving was
kept in Acton and Nantwieh churches, and subsequently a day of humiliation.

Continuation of certain Special and Remarkable Passages, No. 10.

March 7. — Account of Sir Thomas Fairfax having advanced to Lathom House,
and commenced the actual Siege ; and of the reported preparations for defence,
namely, provisions for 500 men for a quarter of a year, store of gunners, 14 pieces
of ordnance, and 500 musqueteers ; besiegers almost fifteen hundred.

notice of, advanced immediately toward him ; but as soon as I came within sight of him,
he instantly, according to his custom, ran away [a most egregious and intolerable Popish
liar, as all men know that know that noble and renowned commander] in great confu-
sion ; so that now those forces are so dispersed that they are not likely to meet toge-
ther again, and I doubt not but, by God's assistance, to clear this county, if your ex-
cellency's forces advance towards Stopford, and to be able to set footing in Lancashire.
The Rebels had possessed themselves of a church at Bartumley, hut wee presently beat them forth
of it, and put them all to the sword, which I find to be the best way to proceed with their kind of
people, for mercy to them is cruelty."

"Whatever the authenticity of this letter may be, it is certain that Lord Byron consi-
dered himself much injured by many reports circulated at this period, as by his letter
to Mr. Booth, commanding the garrison of Nantwieh in Brereton's absence, wherein
he complains (Jan. 16, 1643) of his offers being concealed from the garrison, "and
they told that no mercy was intended, but that both man, woman, and child, should
be put to the sword." In Mr. Booth's reply, he denies the imputation, as " thinking
it impossible for gentlemen and soldiers so much to forget humanity." See Hist. Chesh.
iii. p. 226 ; and Partridge's Nantwieh, 66.

155

adapter VOL

A JOURNAL OF THE FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE, DEFENDED BY CHAR-
LOTTE, COUNTESS OF DERBY, AGAINST SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX, KNIGHT,
AND OTHER PARLIAMENTARIAN OFFICERS, 1644.

FROM A CONTEMPORARY MANUSCRIPT, HARL. MSS. 2074.

Introductory Remarks.

The following diary of the first siege of Lathom House was trans-
cribed, many years ago, from what the Editor considers to be the
original MS. of the author. It is written in a cramped contempo-
rary hand, and bound up with other documents of the same period
contained in the volume of the Harl. MSS. marked 2074, and from
this transcript a limited impression was published in 1823, by his
permission. Another copy exists among the volumes lately forming
the Ashmolean Collection in Oxford, and a transcript of this, dif-
fering in some respects, was published at Liverpool, in a periodical
work entitled The Kaleidoscope.

Other accounts, contemporary with the event, exist. A frag-
ment of an unpublished one, is bound up in the volume before-
mentioned ; and Archdeacon Rutter, afterwards Bishop of Man,
made collections relating generally to the house of Derby, but
more particularly " to the ever-memorable Siege of Lathom, the
defence whereof he had a large share in."

These Collections have been used by Seacome in his House of
Stanley ', and are acknowledged by him as Butter's compilation ;
and there is also a brief account of the Siege in Peck's Desiderata
Curiosa (ii. cap. xi. p. 42), which is evidently abstracted from the
same materials, and is subjoined to the account of the Isle of Man
written by James, Earl of Derby.

Notwithstanding general agreement as to the main facts between
Rutter's narrative, as thus abridged, and the following Diary, there

156 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

are many differences (pointed out in the notes) which argue their
being compiled from distinct materials ; and three persons have
been named, as probable authors of this Diary, — Colonel Chisen-
hale, Bishop Brideoake, and Major Halsall.

Chisenhale, the author of Catholike History, is the only known
literary character among the military defenders of Lathom. The
journalist, however, praises his " knowne courage" and his " mercy
mingled with valour." Two centuries have made a difference in
feelings; and a pamphleteer of 1644 might not be fastidiously
delicate when writing from a soldier's notes, and Chisenhale him-
self had no small spice of vanity. Nevertheless, such objection
would have its weight against mere probable conjecture.

Brideoake (afterwards Bishop of Chichester through the inte-
rest of the Duchess of Portsmouth, and one of Lord Derby's
chaplains) is stated by Antony Wood to have been resident in
Lathom during the entire siege, where he " did good service."
Mr. Whatton {History of Manchester School, p. 188) considers, and
not improbably, that we may be indebted to him for part of the
Journal of the Siege.

Halsall has been conjectured to be the author by a writer in
the Gentleman's Magazine, in consequence of the Ashmolean copy
of the Diary being seemingly in his handwriting, with the words
" wherein I was wounded, Edward Halsall," appearing in the
margin. Halsall was only seventeen years of age at the time of
the Leaguer.

All these parties are noticed in the brief memoirs in the
Appendix.

As to the date of the Diary — be the authorship whose it may —
it is necessarily subsequent to the storming of Bolton in May 1644,
which it records. From the concluding passages, where the writer
exults in Rupert's sanguinary vengeance, and in the death of
Bootle, referred as matter of triumph to his noble master's hand,
and in the perpetual memorial of the Bolton banners temporarily
suspended as trophies of victory in the hall destined to such speedy
and complete ruin, there can be little doubt of its being written

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 157

before the reverses which rapidly followed, and almost certainly
before the spring of 1645-6, when Lathom, described as entire in
one of the concluding paragraphs, was scarcely allowed to continue
as a ruin.

It remains to speak of the castellated mansion itself.

We have no account of the earlier Hall of Lathom, the seat of
the Lathoms, and their successors the Stanleys, which through
successive chivalrous ages has seen so many a noble train leave its
portals for the tournament or the battle. It is, however, certain
that about 1496 the more ancient pile made way for a more cele-
brated successor, within which, in the words of the old poem, might
" be lodged kyngys three," and which in later days was the resi-
dence of that Earl with whose death (in Camden's words) " the
glory of English hospitality seemed to fall asleep."

This later building — the fortress existing in 1644 — is said to have
furnished Henry VII, who visited his father-in-law Earl Thomas
shortly after its erection, with the first ideas of his new palace at
Richmond. It is generally supposed that its principal gateway is
represented in carvings attached to the stall of James Stanley,
Bishop of Ely, in the Collegiate Church of Manchester, of which
he was warden; and there can be little doubt of the carving
referring to Lathom Hall (and most probably to the later Hall)
from the circumstance of the Stanley legend being represented in
a tree, and a rebus of masons or stone-cutters (termed Latliomi and
Latomi, in mediaeval Latin) approaching the gateway below, which
has tico towers and machicolated battlements.

We learn, however, from a poem appended by Weber to his
republication of the ballad of Flodden Field, that this " bright
bower of Lathom" had " nine towers on high," and " nine in the
utter walls." Dr. Whitaker somewhat fancifully pursues the illus-
tration of this in his Richmondshire (ii. 254) ; but without conjec-
turing too closely, it is easy to conceive the appearance of a moated
outer court, with a turreted gateway and other towers in the walled
circuit ; and within this an embattled mansion, also crowned with
turrets, forming an inner court, and the Eagle Tower rising pre-

158 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

dominant. A print in Mr. Roby's elegant work on Lancashire
traditions, embodies this architectural vision, and gives an excellent
idea of the surrounding district.

It is not easy or important to determine whether the nine towers
of the outer walls included those of the gateway or otherwise.
/Seven are named in the close of this diary as constituting their
strength, and seven are alluded to in the scoff of the Puritan
minister mentioned in an earlier part of it.

Seven towers are also mentioned and named in the sale of the
materials by the Parliament (Seacome, 161), the Eagle Tower, the
Tower of Madness, &c. ; but as a part only of the materials was
thus sold, the document gives no information to remedy the confu-
sion. Much was allowed to be carried away, — part of the timber
was used for its lord's scaffold, — and Dr. Whitaker identified part
of the painted glass as being lately in existence at Bowling Hall,
in Yorkshire.

It is presumed that Rutter's account subjoined 1 is a faithful pic-
ture of the mansion in its first siege ; in its second, regular bastions
and outworks had been added under Rupert's directions. The
subsequent history of Lathom House is irrelevant to the object of
the present compilation, and will be found in any topographical
account of Lancashire.

1 " As to the situation of Lathom House, it stands upon a flat, boggy, and spumous
ground, encompassed with a wall of two yards thick, without which is a mote of eight
yards wide and two yards deep ; upon the bank of which mote, betwixt the wall and
the graff, was a strong palisado throughout. Upon the walls were also nine towers
flanking them, and on each tower six pieces of ordinance, which played three one way
and three another ; besides these, there was in the middle of the house a high tower,
called the Eagle Tower. The gate-house also being strong and lofty building, stood
at the entrance of the first court ; upon the top of all which towers stood the choicest
marksmen (keepers, fowlers, and the like), who shrewdly galled the enemy, and cut
off divers of their officers in the trenches." (Peck's Desidera Cur. vol. 2, cap. xi. p. 43.)

159

XXXVIII.

A BRIEFE JOURNALL OF THE SEIGE AGAINST LATHOM.

The Earle of Derby in the rise of this rebellion having on his own

1 The Lord Mul- charges brought up 3000 1 of his best men and armes

Sr. Gilbert Gerard 1 * to the King's standard, w th purpose to have attended

out of Lane', Sir Tho. j^g g acre d Ma ty in person, was at the request of the

Salisbury's out of X>-n

Wales. truely noble oir Gilbert Haughton and others sent

backe for Lancashire by his Ma tys expresse com'and, where with
naked men or thinly armed hee sustained the fury of the Rebells,
and kept the field ag fc them for 7 monethes together, storming
sev'all of their townes, and defeating them in sundry battles, him-
self in every assault and skirmish chargeing in the front to encou-
rage his souldiers with exemplary resoluc'on when the multitude of
the enemy exceeded his number by the advantage of 2 or 3 to 1,
till his Lo p unhappily called to crush the thriveing sedition in
Cheshire, withdrew his Horse into that County.

The Enemy now spyeing an opportunity for action in his absence, 2
drew out their garrisons, and with theire whole strength assaulted
the towne of Preston, which not yet fortyfyed, and suddenly sur-
prized, notwithstanding the endeavours and resolute resistance of
Sir Gilbert Haughton, the Maior, and other gentlemen, was lost to
the Enemy. Upon his Lo ps return he found himselfe straitned to
a narrow compasse ; yet opposing loyal thoughts to dangers, and

1 Collins, in his Baronetage (Edit. 1720, 1, 26) distinctly states that Richard Lord
Molineux and his brother Caryl " raised" for the King's " Service two Regiments, one
of horse and the other of foot. The word raised may be used in the sense in which
Sir Tho. Tyldesley is praised in his memorial at Wigan for " raising Regiments of
Horse, Foot, and Dragoons ; or he might raise Regiments distinct from that men-
tioned in the text. Lord Derby's own statement agrees with the Diary as to numbers—
" this I know there were 3000 good men of my raysing went forth of Lancashire and other
places of my Lieutenancie." Peck, Des. Cur. 2, c. xi. p. 22.

2 The details of all the proceedings here mentioned will be found in the preceding
Tracts.

160 FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE.

labouring to keepe life in the busines by speedy action, hee with-
drew into the field, and marched above 20 myles into the enemy es'
countrey, taking Lancaster, and regayneing Preston by assault,
when the Rebells with a numerous army were within 6 houres
march pursuing him. After this his Lo p giving 2 or 3 dayes to
refresh his souldiers, toyld out with 3 dayes restles service, the
Enemy got fresh supplies, from Yorkshire, Cheshire, Staffordshire,
and Derbyshire, soe that now again swell'd into a numerous body,
they attempt an assault of Wigan, which with little service was
unfortunately lost, ere his Lo p could come to its releefe ; whereof
her Ma ty , then att Yorke, haveing intelligence, sent expresse com-
'and to his Lo p not to engage his army in any service, till she sent
him ayde, w * 1 his Lo p expected a fortnight every day ; but being
disappointed in his hopes, and the enemy growen insolent by his
stillnes, hee was moved by the Lord Mullineux, Sir Thomas Tildsley,
and other gentlemen with him, to repayre to the Queen in person,
to hasten the promised supplyes, when (after a fortnight's attend-
ance) fell out that unfortunate surprize of the Lord Goreing in
Wakefield, which utterly disinabled her Ma ty to spare him any
releefe, which the Governor of Warrington (Col. Norris) under-
standing, after 5 dayes siedge, gave up the towne (the greatest key
of the County) to the enemy, and all his Lo ps forces then w th the
Lord Mullineux and Col. Tildsley marched down to York. 1

Att the same time her Ma tie received intimation of the Scottish
designe for the invasion of England, with signification of their in-
tention to shipp from the north of Ireland for the Isle of Man, and
soe for England, wherefore it was the Queenes pleasure expressly
to com'and him for the Island, to prevent theire passage that way.
Att his arrival there he found the whole countrey in sedition and
insurrection, some turbulent spirits, tutored by theire brethren the
Scotts, haveing taught the coupons the new tricke of rebellion,

1 This part of the memoir relative to Lord Derby's visit to York, the march of his
remaining troops in that direction, and his mission to the Isle of Man, may be com-
pared with the Earl's own statements, Peck, Des. Cur. cap. xi, 22, with which they
fully agree, and with the extracts in p. 99, preceding.

FIRST SIEGE OP LATHOM HOUSE. 161

under the masque of defensive armes for the preservation of theire
religion and libertyes; and indeed this subtill poyson had soe
wrought in that litle bodye, that the whole countrey was swelled to
one tumour, which by all symptoms had broke out in 3 dayes with
the death of the Bishoppe and Governour, and the loss of the
Island.

To prevent this rupture his Lo p presently raised the Horse of the
Countrey, apprehended the persons of theire seditious agents, doe-
ing execuc'on upon some, imprisoning others, and strikeing a gene-
ral terrour into all, wh ch suddenly calm'd the madnes of the people,
and drew a face of quyett upon the countrey.

Yett to remove the ground of this disease required both skill and
tyme, as well to prevent a relapse of the countrymen, as an inva-
sion of the Scotts, who still promise for conscience-sake to abett
them in theire rebellion, it being the good fortune of that ungrate-
ful nation to be esteemed angells for troubling and poysoning all
waters.

His Lo p by the Queenes com'and haveing spent much tyme in
this unhappy busines, is at last called backe by his Ma ty to attend
his Parliam 1 att Oxford, and att his returne to England is welcom'd
with the newes of a Siedge against his Lady, which had been
long in consultation, and now is matured for action.

Upon the surrender of Warrington, May 27, 1643, a sum'ons
came from Mr. Holland, Governor of Manchester, to the Lady
Derby, to subscribe to the propositions of parliament, or yield up
Lathom House ; but her ladyship denyed both — shee would neither
tamely give up her house, nor purchase her peace with the losse of
her honour. But being then in noe condition to provoke a potent
and malitious enemy, and seeing noe possibility of speedy assist-
ance, shee desired a peaceable abode in her own house, referring all
her Lord's estate to theire dispose, with promise onely to keepe soe
many men in armes, as might defend her person and house from
the outrages of theire com'on souldiers, which was hardly obtained.

From this time she endured a continued siedge, onely with the
opennes of her gardens and walkes, confined as a prisoner to her

162 FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE.

owne walls, with the liberty of the castle-yard, suffering the se-
questrac'on of her whole estate, dayly affronts and indignityes of
unworthy persons, besides the unjust and undeserved censures of
some that wore the name and face of friends ; all which shee pa-
tiently endured, well knoweing it noe wisdome to quarrell with an
evill she could not redresse. Therefore, to remove all pretences
of vyolence or force against her, she restrayned her garrison soul-
diers from all provocation and annoyance of the enemy, and soe
by her wisdome kept them att a more favourable distance, for the
space of allmost a whole year. Bigby all this tyme, restles in his
malice, sought all occasion to disturb her quyett, sending out his
troopes to plunder her next neighbours, and surprize such of the
Kinges good subjectes, as had fled unto her for safety. In the be-
ginning of February, her garrison-souldiers had a skirmish with a
troope of his horse com'anded by Captain Hindley, wherein they
rescued some of her friends, takeing prisoners Lieutenant Dandy,
first wounded, his Cornet, and some troopers. By his unjust re-
port of this action, and some other slight visitations within muskett-
shot of her house, hee wrought on S r Tho. Fairfax and the rest of
the Parliam* forces to his owne purpose.

On Saturday, the 24 th of February, it was resolved in a councill
of the Holy State att Manchester, after many former debates and
consultations to the same purpose, that M r Ashton of Midleton,
M r Moore of Banckhall, and M r Bigby of Preston (3 Parliam 4 Ool-
onells), should with all speed come ag st Lathom, of which her
La p had some broken intelligence on Sunday Mornyng, and there-
fore dispatcht a messenger to her secret friend, one acquainted with
their determinations, to receave fuller satisfaction, in the meane
time useing all diligence and care to furnish her house with provi-
sion and men, which was a hard worke, considering shee had been
debarred of her estate for a whole yeare. Yett in these straites she
used not the least vyolence to force releefe from any of her neigh-
bours, though some of them were as bad tenants as subjects, but
with her owne small stocke, and the charity of some few friends,
by the industry of her carefull servant M r Broome, provided her-
self to bear the worst of a cruell enemy.

FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE. 163

The messenger returned on Monday. Shee had assurance of
their designe, who were then on their march as farre as Bolton,
Wigan, and Standish, with pretence to goe for Westmerland, to
carry on the multitude blindfold ag e a house that theire fathers and
themselves, whilst their eyes were open, had ever honoured, re-
puting Lathom, in more innocent tymes, both for magnificence
and hospitality, the onely court of the northerne parts of
this kingdom, when the good men would in meere love vent theire
harmles treason, " God save the Earle of Derby and the
King." But theire factious ministers, very dutyfull sonnes of the
Church of England, made the pulpitt speake theire designe aloud,
one whereof, Bradshavj, to the dishonour of that house {Brazen-
nose) which had given him more sober and pious foundations, tooke
occasion, before his patrons at Wigan, to prophane the fourteenth
verse of the fifteenth chapter of Jeremy, from thence by as many
markes and signes as ever hee had given of Antichrist, proving
the Lady Derby to bee the Scarlett whore and the whore of Babylon,
whose walls he made as flatt and as thin as his discourse. Indeed,
before he dispatch't his prophecy hee thump't em downe, reserveing
the next verse to bee a triumph for the victor.

Feb. 27, 1643-4. On Tuesday the enemy tooke their quarters
round the house, at the distance of a myle — 2 or 3 att the furthest.

Feb. 28. On Wednesday, Cap*. Maryland brought a letter
from S r Thomas Fairfax, and with it an ordinance of Parliament,
the one requiring her Ladyship to yield up Lathom House upon
such honourable condic'ons as hee should propose, and the other
declareing the mercy of the Parliam 4 to receave the Earle of Derby
would hee submit himselfe, in which business S r TJio. Fairfax
promises to bee a faithfull instrument. To which her La p gave in
answer, " She much wondered that S r Tho. Fairfax wold require
her to give up her Lord's house without any offence on her part
done to the Parliam* : desireing in a busines of such weight, that
struck both att her religion and life, that soe nearly concerned her
Sov'aigne, her Lord, and her whole posteritie, she might have a
weekes considerac'on, both to resolve the doubts of conscience, and
to advice in matter of law and honour."

164 FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE.

Not that her Lap was unfixt in her owne thoughts, but indea-
vouring to gayne tyme by demurhes and protracc'ons of the
busines, which happly the good Knight suspecting, denyed her the
tyme desired, moveing her Lap to come to NewparJce, a house of
her Lords a quarter of a myle from Lathom, and to come thither
in her coache (no meane favour, beleeve it), where himselfe and
his colonells would meete her for a full discourse and transaction
of the busines.

This her La? flatly refused, with scorne and anger, as an ignoble
and uncivill moc'on, returneing only this answer, " That, notwith-
standing her present condic'on, she remembred both her Lord's
honour and her owne birth, conceaving it more knightly that
S r Thomas Fairfax shold waite upon her, than shee upon him."

Thursday (Feb. 29) and Friday (March 1) were spent in Tres
and messages, his generallship att last requireing free accesse for
two of his colonells, and assurance of safe returne, unto which her
La pp condescended. 1

On Saturday M r Ashton and Mr Bigby vouchsafed to venture
their p'sons into Lathom House, being authorized by the Generall
to propound the following condic'ons.

1. That all armes and ammunition of war shall bee forthwith
surrend'red into the hands of Sir Thomas Fairfax.

2. That the Countesse of Derby, and all the p'sons in Lathom
House shall be suffred to depart, w tt all theire goods to Chester,
or any other of the enemyes quarters, or upon submission to the
orders of parliament to theire owne houses.

3. That the Countesse w* all her meniall servants shall bee
suffred to inhabite in Knowsley, and to have twenty muskets
allowed for her defence, or to repaire to her husband in the Isle of
Man.

1 The Diary here differs from Seacome's Account, p. 104. Sir Thomas Fairfax is
there stated to proceed, as requested, to Lathom House, for the purpose of personal
conference with the Countess, who, by the advice of Major Farmer, makes the most
ostentatious display possible of her soldiers and means of defence, to " give some terror
to the enemy."

FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE. 165

4. That the Countesse for the present, untill the Parliam 1 be
acquainted with it, shall have allowed her for her maintenance all
the lands and revenues of the Earle her husband, within the
Hundred of Derby, and that the Parliament shall bee moved to
continue this allowance.

These condic'ons her Lap rejected, as in part dishonorable, in
part uncerteyne, adding withall, she knewe not how to treat with
them who had not power to pYorme theire owne offers, till they
had first moved the Parliam 1 , telling them it were a more sober
course, first to acquaint themselves with the pleasure of the
Parliam 4 , and then to move accordingly. But for her part, shee
wold not move the good gentlemen to petition for her. Shee wold
esteem it a greater favour to p'mitt her to continue in her present
humble condition.

The two colonells being blancke in their treaty, spent their stay
in wise instructions to her L ap and unjust accusations of her friends
and servants, which shee not onely cleared, but nobly and sharplye
returned upon their religious agents, soe that the grave men being
disappointed, both of their witt and malice, returned as empty as
they came.

Sunday was theire Sabbath. On Monday M> Ashton came
agayne alone with power to receave her La ps propositions, and
convey them to his Generall (a notable and trusty employment),
which came in these terms.

1. Her Ladyship desired a monethes tyme for her quyett con-
tinuance in Lathom, and then herselfe and children, her freinds,
souldiers and servants, with all her goods, armes and ordinance, to
have free transport to the Isle of Man, and in the meane tyme that
she shold keepe garrison in her house for her owne defence.

2. Shee promised that neither dureing her stay in the countrey,
nor after her comeing to the Isle of Man, any of the armes shold
bee imployed against the Parliam 1 .

3. That dureing her stay in the countrey, noe souldier should be
quartered in the Lordshipp of Lathome, nor at Knowsley House.

4. That none of her tennants, neighbours and freinds then in

166 FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE.

the house with her, shold, assisting her, suffer in their persons or
estates, after her departure.

In the first of these she struck at more time : in the second shee
understood the Parliament of the 3 estates at Oxford, knowing noe
other: in the third shee laboured to remove impediments that
might hinder the victualling of her house : in the fourth shee gave
a collour to her depart, and content to her souldiers, of whom in
her treaty she showed an honourable care.

These propositions returned by M 1 " Ashton were interpreted to
the right sense, being apprehended too full of policy and danger to
bee allowed, as onely beating at more tyme and meanes, that her
Ladyshipp might use that opportunity to confirm herself in her
fastnes. And therefore in his answer Sir Thomas thus qualified
them to a better understanding.

1. That the Countesse of Derby shall have the tyme shee de-
syred, and then liberty to transport her armes and goods to the
Isle of Man, excepting the canon, which shall continue there for
the defence of the house.

2. That her Ladyshipp by 10 o'clock to-morrow disband all her
souldiers, except her meniall servants, and receave an officer, and
40 Parliament souldiers, for her guard.

This, as the last residue of all their councells, with some terrible
presages of the danger shee stood in, was delivered to her Lady-
shipp by one Morgan, one of Sir Thomas his colonells, a litle man,
short, and peremptory, who met with staidnes to coole his heat ;
and had the honor to carry backe this last answer, for her Lady-
shipp could scrue them to noe more delay es. 1

" That she refused all their articles, and was truely happy they
had refused hers,* protesting shee had rather hazard her life, than

1 Seacome states this summons to have been brought by a trumpet sent by Fairfax,
who had been deceived into hopes of starving out the Garrison without bloodshed, and
for that reason had allowed time to pass which the Countess had used for strengthen-
ing her garrison. The hopes of Sir Thomas are stated to have been founded on false
information as to the scanty supply in Lathom, which had been purposely given by
Archdeacon Rutter with this precise object, as if in confidence, to a Parliamentary
Captain who had been his schoolfellow and accompanied Sir T. F. to Lathom Hall.

FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE. 167

offer the like again. That though a woman and a stranger,

DIVORCED FROM HER FRIENDS, AND ROb'd OF HER ESTATE, she Was

ready to receive their utmost vyolence, trusting in God both for
protection and deliverance. 1

Being now disappointed in their plot, who expected a quicke
dispatch with the afflicted Lady by a tame surrender of her house,
having scattered very fearfull apprehensions of their great gunnes,
their morter-piece, their fire-works, and their engineers, after all
their consults, they prepare for action, when they find her Lady-
shipp as feareless of their empty terrors, as, carefull to prevent a
reall danger, shee is willing to understand the power of the enemy,
and studious to prevent it, leaving nothing with her eye to be ex-
cused afterwards by fortune or negligence, and adding to her
former patience a most resolved fortitude. " Ne minimo quidem
casui locum relinqui debuisse." Caes. Com. lib. 6. Otho in Tacit,
lib. 1.

The next morneing discovered some of the enemyes nightworkes,
which were begun about musquett-shott from the house, in a
stoopeing, declineing ground, that their pioneers by the nature of
the place might be secured from our ordinances on the towers, and
soe in an orbe or ringe-worke cast up much earthe everye day by
the multitude of countrey people forced to the service.

March 7, 8, 9, 10. After three dayes, finding a fixednes and
resolution in her La pp still to keep her house for the service of his
Ma tie ag fc all his enemyes, on Sunday they imploy 6 neighbours of
the best rancke with a petition to her La pp , haveing thrust a forme
into theire hands, and prepared their heads with instructions, as by
confession now appeares ; " That in duty to her Ladyshipp, and
love to their countrey, they most humbly beseech her to prevent
her owne p'sonal dangers, and the impoverishing the whole coun-

1 The reply in the other narativeis "That as she had not lost her regard for the Church
of England, nor her allegiance to her Prince, nor her faith to her Lord, she could not
therefore as yet give up that Ho USE. That they must never hope to gain it till she had either
lost all these, or her life in defence of them."

On this, Fairfax, being commanded to other service by the Parliament, is stated to
have left Colonel Egerton (of Shaw) to command in chief, with Major Morgan as
principal engineer.

168 FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE.

trey, which she might do if shee pleased to slacken something of
her severe resolution, and in part condescended to the oifers of the
gentlemen."

Theise her Ladyship received with all curtesy, discourseing
unto them the nature of former treatyes, and the order of her pro-
ceedings, and this soe smoothly and comeingly, that the good men
were satisfied, and had litle to say, but God bless the King and the
Earle of Derby. For answer to their paper, she told them, it was
more fitt that they petition the gentlemen who robb'd and spoyl'd
their country, than her, who desyred only a quyett stay in her
owne house, for the preservation not spoyle of her neighbours.
One of the sixe, of more ability and integrity than the rest, reported
the whole business of the answer, and theire entertainment, as a
true subject to his Ma tie and a faythful friend to her La pp , with
which the noble Colonels were moved to new propositions, in meer
mercy, if you'll beleeve 'em, to her La pp and her children. The
next day therefore Capt n Ashurst, a man that deserves a fairer cha-
racter than the rest, for his even and civil behaviour, brought a
new missive to her La pp , in theise terms :

1. That all former condic'ons be waived.

2. That the Countess of Derby, and all p'sons in the house, with
all armes, ordinance, and goods, shall have liberty to march to what
part of the kingdome they please, and yield up the house to S r Tho.
Fairfax.

3. That the armes shold never be imployed ag* the Parliament.

4. That all in the house excepting a 100 d p'sons should leave it,
and the rest within ten dayes.

The message read, her La p p'ceaved they began to coole in their
enterprize, and therefore to lend 'em some new heate, returned
this answer by the Captayne, that she scorned to be a ten dayes
prisoner to her owne house, judging it more noble, whilst shee
could, to p'serve her liberty by armes, than to buy a peace with
Pax semen' slavery: "and what assurance," said shee, "have I
WbSr.L.in ever of liberty, or the p'formance of any condic'on,
libr. 3. when my strength is gone ? I have receaved, under

the hands of some eminent personages, that yo'r Generall is not

FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE. 1G9

very conscientious in the p'formance of his subscriptions, so that
1 Pax damni - from him I must expect an unsinewed and faithles

fica, pax infida, , ,

paxincerta. agreement. lis dangerous treating when the sword
is given to the enemies hand." And therefore her Ladiship added,
" that not a man shold part her house, that she wold keepe it,
whilst God enabled her, against all the Kings enemyes, and in
breefe, that she wold receave no more messages without an ex-
presse of her Lords pleasure, whoe shee now heard was returned
from the Isle of Man, and to whom shee referr'd them for the
transacc'on of the whole busines, considering that frequent trea-
tyes are a discouragement to the souldier besieged, as a yieldance
to some want or weakness within, and soe the first key that com-
'only opens the gate to the enemy."

To seconde and confirme her answer, the nexte day, beinge
Tuesday, a 100 d foote, com'anded by Captain Farmor, a Scotch-
man, a faithfull and gallant souldier, with Lieut. Brethergh ready
to second him in any service, and some 12 horse, our whole caval-
lerie, com'anded by Lieut. Key, sallied out upon the enemy : and
because the sequel of every busines dependeth upon the beginning,
the Captayne determined to doe something that might remember
the enemye there were souldiers within. He marcht up to their
workes without a shoote, and then fireing upon them in their
trenches, they quickly left their holes, when Lieut. Key, haveino*
wheeFd about with his horse from another gate, fell upon them in
their flighte with much execuc'on ; they slewe about 30 men, tooke
40 armes, one drum, and 6 prisoners. The maine retreate was
that day made good by Capt. Ogle, a gentleman industrious to
returne the curtesie w'ch some of theire party shewed to him when
he was taken prisoner in the battell at Edgohill. The other pas-
sage was carefully secur'd by Capt n Bawstorne. Not one of ours
that day was slaine or wounded.

By the prisoners wee understood the purpose of the enemy was
to starve the house, the com'anders having courage to pyne a lady,
not to fight with her.

The foure dayes following (13, 14, 15, 16) passed without much

170 FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE.

ac^on on either side, saveing that the garrison gave them some
night alarums, w ch to some minister'd an occasion of running away,
and to others of belyeing their owne courage, that they had repulst
the garrison souldiers, and slayne thousands out of hundreds.

17 th . On Sunday night the Com'anders under her Ladiship re-
solved to try their watches, and therefore, at 3 o'clock in the morn-
ing, Capt. Chisnall, a man of knowne courage and resoluc'on,
Lieut. Brethergh, and Lieut. Heape, v? th one 30 musqueteers, issued
out of the backe gate to surprize the enemy in their new trenches ;
but they discovering some of the light matches ran faster than the
Captayne or his souldiers could pursue, secureing their flight in a
wood close by, where, not willing to engage his souldiers in un-
necessary dangers, hee left 'em, onely killing 2 or 3, and chaseing
the rest in flight.

Theise sallyes and allarums soe diseased the enemye that theire
work went slowly on, having been 3 weekes and yet not cast up
one mount for ordinance ; but not for theire owne security, to
keepe off our men with their cannon, they hasten the busines, with
the losse of many mens lives, compell'd to doe desperate service.
It mov'd both wonder and pitty to see multitudes of poore people
soe enslaved to the reformers' tirranny, that they would stand the
muskett and lose their lives to save nothing, soe neare are theise to
the times complained of by the historian, when they would noe
less feare men for theire vices, than they once honor'd them for
their virtues. (Tacit, lib. 1.)

19, 20. On Tuesday night they brought up one peece of canon ;
Wednesday morneing gave us some sport. They then played
theire canon 3 shootes, the ball 24 u . They first tryed the wall,
w hch |3 e i n g f oun d proof, without much yeildance or the least im-
pression, they afterwards shott higher to beate downe pinacles and
turretts, or else to please the women that came to see the spectacle.
The same day Sir Tho. Fairfax sent her Ladishipp a letter that he
had received from the Earle of Derby, wherein his Lo pp desired an
honorable and free passage for his Lady and children, if shee so
pleased, being loath to expose them to the uncertaine hazard of a

FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE. 171

long seidge, especially considering the roughness and inhumanitie
of the enemy, that joyned pride and malice, ignorance and crueltie
against her : nor knoweing, by reason of his long absence, either
how his house was provided with victuals and am'unition, or
strengthened for resistance ; and therefore desireous to leave only
the hardy souldiers for the brunt, till it should please his Ma tie to
yeild him release, and to preserve his Lady and children from the
mercy of cruell men, which indeed was the desire of all her friends.
But she had more noble thoughts within, which still kindled and
encreased att the apprehension of danger; who, returneing an
acknowledgement of that first curtesye of S 1 ' Tho. Fairfax, after
some discourse with the messenger, one JacJcson, a sawcy and zea-
lous chaplaine to M r Rigby, gave backe this answeare. She wil-
lingly wold submitt herselfe to her Lords com'ands, and therefore
will'd the generall to treate with him ; but till she was assured it
was his Lo pps pleasure, she wold neither yield the house, nor her-
self desert it, but waite for the event according to the good will of
God. And with the like significac'on she dispatcht a messenger to
his Lo pp in Chester, which was sent out by an allarum to open a
passage through theire gards and centries.

21, 22, 23, 24. The 4 dayes folio winge were spent in allarums
and excursions, without much busines of service.

25. On Monday they gave us 7 shott of their culverin and
demi cannon, one whereof, by some checke in the way, entred the
greate gates, which were presently made good by the opposition of
beds, and such like impediments, to stay the bullett from rangeing
the court.

28. On Thursday 5 cannons : this day the enemy, capable of
any impression of feare, tooke a strong allarum, fighting one ag*
another, and in the acc'on 2 peices of canon at the ayre.

29. The next day one of our men, vainely provokeing danger
w th his body above a tower, was shott to a present death. In the
afternoone, they played 4 cannons, one whereof, levelled to dis-
mount one of our ordinance upon the great gates, strucke the
battlements upon one of our markes-men ready to discharge att
the cannonneere, and crusht him to deathe.

172 FIRST SIEGE OF LATIIOM HOUSE.

31. On Sunday night 2 canons mounted to the lodgeing cham-
bers, intending bylike to catche us napping, as our men had often
caught them.

Ap r 1°. On Munday, in the day and night, 6 canon loden
w th chaine shott and barres of iron.

2. The next day they played their morter peice, 3 times loaden
w th stones, 13 inches in diameter, 80 n in weight. It was planted
about halfe musket shott southwest from the house, on a riseing
earthe, convenyently giveing the engineere a full p'spect of the
whole buildeinge. Their worke to secure it was orbicular, in forme
of a full moone, 2 yards and a half of rampier above the ditch.

4. On Thursday they shott one stone and one granadoe, which
overplayd the house. Chosen men upon the guards, standing
ready with greene and wett hides to quench the burneing, had
their skill, for they wanted no malice, enabled them to cast fire-
works.

5. Haveing hitherto met so unprosperous successe in their holy
worke, the 2 Collonells, M r Ashton and M r Moore, cast a shew of
religion over their execrable work ; and like those devout men in

1 . . . Noctures adulter, fa poetts, 1 by publike and private

Tempora Santonico velans adoperta cucullo. A . . n /-i t

Juv. viii. 145. supplications call Ciod to assist

Tacitomalavotasusurro them {n their merc il es praC tizeS,

Concipimus. t J

Lucan (Pharsai. v. 104). to which purpose they issue out

V^ndUi^^l^ V ^m^r\6^ com'andes to all their ministers for

Horat. (E P . xvi. lib. 1,1.60). a general and humble imprecac'on

Quo) nisi seductis nequeas committere Di vis. . . _

Persius (Sat. ii. l. 4). m the following lorm :
To all Ministers and Parsons in Lancashire, well wishers to our suc-
cesse against Lathom House, theise.

Forasmuch as more than ordinary obstrucc'ons have from the
beginning of this p'sent service ag* Lathom House interposed our
proceedings, and yet still remaine, which cannot otherwise be
removed, nor our successe furthered, but onely by devine assist-
ance, it is therefore our desires to the ministers, and other well
aifected persons of this county of Lancaster, in publike manner, as
they shall please, to com'end our case to God, that as wee are

FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE. 173

appoynted to the s d imployment, soe much tending to the settleing
of our p'sent peace in theise parts, soe the Almighty would crowne
our weake endeavours with speedy successe in the said designe.

EAPH ASHTON,
OrmsMrk, Apr. 5, 1644. JOHN MOOEE.

The 4 dayes following were on theire parts slept out in this pious
exercise : on Wednesday our men resolved to waken them. About
11 o'clock, Capt n F armor and Capt n Mullineux Battcliffe, Lieu.
Penckett, Lieut* Woorrale, w th 140 souldiers, sally ed out at a
postern gate, beate the enemy from all theire worke and batteries,
wh ch were now cast up round the house, nail'd all theire canon,
killed about 50 men, took 60 armes, one collours, and 3 drumes ;
in which acc'on Capt. Battcliffe deserves this remembrance, that
w th 3 souldiers, the rest of his squadron being scattered w a ex-
ecuc'on of the enemy, he cleared 2 sconces, and slew 7 men w* his
owne hand. Lieut. Woorral, ingageing himselfe in another worke
among 50 of the enemy, bare the fury of all, till Capt n Farmor
1 Pius animi est releeved him, who, to the wonder of us all, came off
inferenti quam w ithout any dangerous wound. 1 The sally port was

periculum pro- . , .

puisanti.— Ctes. this day warded by Capt 11 Chisnall, who with fresh men
Com ' stood ready for succour of ours, had they been putt to

the extremity ; but they bravely marched round the works, and
came in att the great gates, where Capt. Ogle w** 1 a p'ty of mus-
keteers kept open the passage. Capt. Bawstorne hadd the charge
of the musketeers upon the walls, which hee plac'd to the best
advantage to vexe the enemy in their flighte : Capt n Foxe, by a
collours from the Eagle Tower, gave signall when to march and
when to retreate, according to the motions of the enemy, which
hee observed att a distance. In all this service, wee had but one
man mortally wounded, and wee tooke onely one prisoner, an
officer, for intelligence. In former sallyes some prisoners were
taken, and by exchange releast, Coll. Ashton and Bigby promising
to sett at liberty as many of the King's friends then prisoners in
Lancaster, Manchester, Preston, and other places proposed by her

174 FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE.

Ladishipp ; but most unworthily they broke condic'ons, it suiting
well with their religion neither to observe faith with God nor
men ; and this occasioned a greater slaughter than either her La pp
or the Captaynes desired, because wee were in no condic'on to
keepe prisoners, and knew the Co'manders wold never release 'em
but upon base or dishonorable terms.

The same night they played a sacre twice, to tell us they had
cannon that wold speake, though our men had endeavoured to
Steele up all theire lippes. This whole night was with them one
continued allarum, nothing but shoutes and cryes amongst them,
as if the cavaleers had still been upon them.

12. On Friday they sent us too shottes from their morter
peice, which our men had nailed and battered with smith's ham-
mers, but it had too wide a mouth to bee stopt. This day a
chance bullet from the sacre through the claye walls entred the
window of my Ladyes chamber, but was too weake to fright her
from the lodgeing.

13. On Saturday theire demi cannon opened againe, but spake
but once very lowe, some of the Steele nayles yet sticking in her
teeth, and the gunners also suspecting poyson in her belly.

15. On Monday they played their morter peece 5 times with
stones, and with granadoe, which fell shorte of the house in a walke
neere the Chappell-tower. Some pieces of the shell, 2 inches thick,
flewe over the walls, and were taken up in the furthest parts of the
house.

16. Tuesday morning they had a hott alarum, haveing not yet
quitt themselves of the fright they took at the last sally. They
played their cannon twice, and theire muskett half one houre toge-
ther. In requitall whereof, about 11 o'clock they played their
morter peece with stone, and p'ceaving it strucke within the body
of the house, they cast a granadoe att the same levell, which fell
into an old court, strikeing above half a yard into the earth, yet
rose again with such vyolence in the bursteing, that though its
strength was much lessened, and deaded with earth, it shooke
down the glasse, clay, and weaker buildings neere it, leaving only

FIRST SIEGE OF LATIIOM HOUSE. 175

the carcase of the walls standing about it, yet without hurt of any
person, saveing that 2 woemen in a neere chamber had theire
hands scorcht, to putt them in mind hereafter they were in siedge
at LatJwm.

The morter peece was now more terrible than formerly, inso-
much that the captaynes, to prevent the souldiers feares, lodged in
the upproomes within clay walles, as not esteeming the force of
the granadoe : and one thing more now happily lent more courage
to our men, that one of their engineers, mounting the rampier to
see the fall of the granadoe, was happily slaine by a marksman
from one of our towers.

On Saturday, they made 30 shootes of their demi canon and
culverin, to batter a posterne-tower, some part whereof stoode
without the mote and pallizadoes, yet soe fenced by a riseing ground
that their ordinance tooke onely the battlements and a yard of
wall, w ch was made good agayne the same night, with greater
strength and safety for the musketeers then formerly. It was
some requitall for the breach of a few stones that theire can'oneere
was slaine through the porthole by one of our men from the tower.
Havinge either done with the canon or canoneere, they now begin
with the morter peece, w ch that afternoone they play'd five times,
in the night twice w th stones and once w th granadoe, w ch alsoe by
turneing of the gunner fell short of the house.

22. On Easter Monday they must needs shew the people some
pastime, and therefore gave us the bullets, and then the noise of 9
canon and 2 periers, to heare the rabble shout. That night, two
darke for acc'on, the captaynes sent out 2 or 3 firelocks, w ch strucke
the whole night into alarums, soe that to their muskett they added
one morter peece, and 2 cannon with chayne and small shott.

23. The next day was the second wakes, when Bighy must
gratify the countrey for their 2000 u with the battery of the Eagle
Tower att Latliom, ag* w ch they playd their Culverin and demi
canon 23 tymes, w ch unhappily striking ag fc a staircase forced a
large breach. 2 of the bulletts entred her La pps chamber, w ch last
made her La pp seeke a new lodgeing, with this protest, that she

176 FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE.

would keepe the house, while there was building to cover her head.
This action must needs proceeds eyther from pride or malice, it
being noe furtherance to the takeing of the house to batter a tower
that stood in the midst of it : but sure it was theire plot eyther to
strike off one of the homes of the Whore of Babylon, or els to
levell one of her hills, the 7 towres in the devines sermon being
easily found to bee the 7 hills of Home. It saved the tower some
buffetts that day that 2 of theire gunners were discharged of theire
employment by our marksmen from the top of the same tower
w ch they were battering. The same night a strong alarum beate
all their men to the canon, not to defend them, but themselves,
which they bravely discharg'd, twice loaden with cartridge and
chayne, against 2 lighted matches cast neere their workes in balls
of clay.

24. On Wednesday they only gave us 3 periers and 2 canon.
But now M r Rigby, who undertooke the manage, and expected the
glory of this enterprize, having wearyed his souldiers, wasted his
powder, and emptyed himself of a good part of his exacted and
plundered moneyes, finding her La pp nothing to yield to his greate
gunnes, but daily to beate and baffle his souldiers, is now for pre-
sent fire and ruine. Hee was provided a new stock of granadoes,
and intends to spend his powder and malice in them.

25. Thursday, hee sends his last message, as hee calls it, a
furious su'mons to her La pp to yield upp Lathom House, all the
p'sons, goods, and arms within it, into his hands, to receave the
mercy of the Parliam 1 , and to returne her finall answ r the next
day before 2 o'clock ; w ch her La pp haveing read, with a brave in-
dignation calls for the drum, and tells him, " a due reward for his
paynes is to be hang'd upp at her gates ; but," says she, " thou
are but a foolish instrument of traytors pride : carry this answr
backe to Rigby," (with a noble scorne teareing the paper in his
sight), " Tell that insolent rebell, hee shall neither have p'sons, goods,
nor house : when our strength and p\ision is spent, we shall find a
fire more mercyfull than Rigby, and then if the providence of God
p^vent it not, my goods and house shall burne in his sight : myself e,

FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE. 177

children, and souldiers, rather then fall into his hands, will seale our
religion and loyalty in the same flame ,*" 1 w ch being spoke aloud in
her souldiers' hearing, they broke out into shouts and acclamations
of joy, closeing all w 111 this generall voyce, " Wee'll dye for his
Ma tie and your Honour — God save the King !"

The drum returned : her La pp and the captaynes fell into con-
sultation of a further answ r to that proud message. Something
must be done, and now was the nicke and joynt of tyme, according
* Transitus re- to the observac'on of the historian, " that the chaunges
i U Nec desires °^ ty mes are tne mostt fit for brave attempts, and
nunc posse fieri, delayes they are dangerous, where softness and quyet-
actutn a "est. — n es draweth more danger then hazarding rashly.*
Cres. Comm. ^he morter-peece was that that troubled us all.

The litle ladyes had stomack to digest canon, but the stoutest
souldiers had noe hearts for granadoes ; and might not they att
once free themselves from the continuall expectac'on of death ? —
" 'Tis a hard choice," says young Piso, " either to kill, or bee
kill'd," and this was our p'sent condic'on — either sheepishly to
receave death, when they would send it upon our heads, or man-
fully returne it upon theire owne. At last it was resolved, not-
withstanding a battery, and ordinance planted ag* every passage,
to sally out the next morneing and venture for all. 2

26. All things prepared, about 4 o'clock next morneing, Capt.
Ohisnall and Capt. Foxe, Lieut. Brethergh, Lieut. Penkett, Lieut.
Walthew, and Lieut. Worral, are design'd for the service. Capt.
Ogle had the maine guard, to secure a retreate att the southerne
gate ; Capt. Bawstorne has the charge of the sally gate, to secure
our retreate on the east side ; Capt n Battcliffe has the care of the
marksmen and musketeers upon the walls, to attend the approche

1 The reply as given by Seacome was " Trumpet," said she, " tell that insolent
Rebel Rigby, that if he presumed to send any other summons to that place, she would
hang up the messenger at the gates."

8 The sally here made with the object of carrying away the mortar and spiking the
cannon on the batteries, is divided by Seacome into two successive ones made with the
same objects, and each successful. He also differs from the Diarist in placing both of
these in point of time before the Countess's spirited reply to Rigby's Trumpet.

A A

178 FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE.

or vex the flight of the enemy. Capt n Farmer, with a reserve of
fresh men, stands ready att the parade to releeve either Capt. in
state of necessitye. All things thus dispos'd, Capt. Chisnall and 2
Lieuts. issues out att the easterne gate, and before hee was disco-
ver'd, gott under theire canon, marching straight upon the scouts,
where they had planted their great gun. It cost him a light skir-
mish to gayne the fort : at last hee entred : many slayne, some
prisoners, and some escaping. Now by the com'and of that battery
the retreate being assured, Capt. Foxe seconds him w th much bra-
very, beateing upon their trenches from the easterne to the south-
west point, till hee came to the work w ch secur'd the morter-peece,
w ch being guarded w th 50 men, hee found sharpe service, forceing
his way through muskett and canon, and beateing the enemy out
of the sconce w th stones, his muskett, by reason of the high worke,
being unserviceable. After a quarter of an houres hard service,
his men gott the trench, and scal'd the rampier, where many of
the enemy fledd, the rest were slayne. The sconce, thus won,
was made good by a squadron of musketteers, which much annoyed
the enemy, attempting to come upp agayne. The 2 maine works
thus obtained, the 2 captaynes w th ease walked the rest of the
round, whilst M r Broome, w th a companye of her La pps servants and
some fresh souldiers, had a care to levell the ditch, and by a pre-
sent devise, with ropes lifting the morter-peece to a low dragge, by
strength of men drew it into the house, Capt. Ogle defending the
passage ag* another companye of the enemye which play'd upon
their retreate. The like endeavour was used to gayne theire
greate gunnes ; but lying beyond the ditch, and being of such
bulke and weight, all our strength could not bringe them off before
the whole army had fallen upon us ; however our men tooke tyme
to poyson all the canon round, if any thing will doe the feate,
Capt. Bawstorne still defending the first passe ag l some offers of
the enemy to come up by the wood.

This action continued an houre, with the losse of 2 men on our
part, who, after they were mortally wounded, still fired upon the
enemy, till all retreating. What number of the enemy were

FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE. 179

slayne is not easy to guesse. Besides the execuc'on done in theire
trenshes, Capt. Farmours and Capt. Battcliffes reserves, w* the best
marksmen, play'd upon them from the walls with much slaughter,
as they quitt theire holds. Our men brought in many armes, 3
drums, and but 5 prisoners, preserved by Capt. Chisnall, to shew
that he had mercy as well as valour. One of theise was an assist-
ant to their engineere Browne, who discovered to us the nature of
theire trench, in which they had laboured 2 monethes, to draw
away our water.

Theire first designe was to drayne and open our springs, not
considering theire rise from a higher ground southeast from the
house, w ch must needs supply our deepe well, whereever they
suncke their fall : this invenc'on faileing, they bringe up an open
trench in a worme work, the earth being indented or sawed, for
the securitie of their myners, and the ditch 2 yards wide and 3
deepe, for the fall of the water.

But now neither ditches nor ought els troubled our souldiers,
theire grand terror, the mortar-peece, which had frighted 'em from
theire meate and sleepe, like a dead lyon quyetly lying among 'em :
everye one had his eye and his foote upon him, shouteing and re-
joyceing as merrily as they used to doe w th theire ale and bagpypes.
Indeed, ev'y one had this apprehenc'on of the service, that the
maine worke was done, and what was yet behind but a meere pas-
time.

The house, though well fenced ag't the shott of canon, has much
inward building of wood, an ancyent and weak fabrick, w 111 w ch
many mens lives was nakedly exposed to the periers, and by this
dayes action p'served, of w ch in respect of all other occurrences in
the siege, wee may say what Livy speaks of the battle at Nola —
" Ingens eo die res, ac nescio an maxima illo bello gesta sit — Circa
Alesium tantae res gestae, quantas audere vix hominis, perficere
nullius, nisi Dei sit." — Paterculus. It was the greatest and most
fortunate exployt. Her La pp though not often overcarryed
w" 1 any light expressions of joy, yet religiously sensible of soe
great a blessing, and desireous, according to her pious disposition,

180 FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE.

to returne acknowledgements to the right authour, God alone, pre-
sently comands her chaplaynes to a publike thanksgiving.

The enemy, thus terrifyed with this defeate, durst not venture
theire workes agayne till midnight ; towards morneing removeing
some of theire canon, and the next night stealeing away all the
rest, save one peece for a memorand 1 . This one escapt nayleing,
which the colonells durst not venture on its owne mount, but
planted att a distance, for feare of the madmen in the garrison.

One thing may not heere bee omitted : that day that our men
gave Bighy that shamefull defeate, had hee destined for the p'se-
cuteing of his utmost cruelty. Hee had invited, as it is now gen'-
ally confest, all his freinds, the holy abettors of this mischiefe, to
come see the house yeelded or burnt, hee haveing purposed to use
his morter gunne w th fireballs or granadoes all afternoone ; but her
La pp before 2 o'clocke (his owne tyme) gave him a very skurvy
satisfying answ r , soe that his friends came opportunely to comfort
him, who was sicke of shame and dishonour, to be routed by a
lady and a handfull of men.

After this hee was hopeles of gayneing the house by any other
meanes than starveing us out, or withdraweing the water, w ch our
captaynes p'ceaving, p'sently suncke an eye, to meete 'em in theire
workes, if they discover any mynes to blow the towers, or walls,
in which we had diligent observers to harken to any noyce from
their trench, that accordingly our men might direct their counter-
mine.

From this tyme to the 25 th May we had a continued calme,
M 1 ' Righye's spirit being laid within our circle, soe that wee were
scarce sensible of a siege, but only by the restraynt of our lib'ty.
But our men continually vexed their quyet, either by the excur-
sions of a few in the night, or by frequent alarums, w ch the cap-
taines gave theire souldiers leave to invent and execute for theire
recreation. Sometymes, in spite of their perdues, they would steal
a corde about some tree neere the enemyes, and bringeing th' end
round, would make it terrible w & many ranks and files of light
matches ; sometymes dogs, and once a forlorne horse, handsomely

FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE. 181

star'd with match, but turn'd out of gate, app'd in the darke night
like young constellations. But the enemy, soe diseased and beaten
both in just and earnest, many of them quitt theire charge, the
rest cryed out for pay, ready to take any occasion to leave the
plunder of Lathom House to others. Col. Bigby, p'ceaveing them
ready to crumble into mutinyes, endeavored to cement the breaches
w 1 * 1 some small pittance of theire pay, declareing it had cost him
2000 11 of his own moneyes in the siege, who was never knowne to
bee worth one till hee became a publike robber by law ; but you
must remember hee had beene a lawyer, and a bad one.

All this cheape talke wold not keepe his souldiers from defection ;
many ran awaye, one whereof, escapt from the enemyes works att
mid day, came to us, from whom we receaved this intelligence.
Our men, not judgeing it safe to trust a fugitive enemy, wold not
venture upon another sallye, imagining some treacherye might
have beene weav'd in all theise playne webbs, and covered by arti-
fice of this strange convert : but Bigby heareing tell of his rene-
gado, p'sently smelt a plot, and ev'ry day and night doubled his
guards. His men, wearied out w th extraordinary duty, and him-
selfe p'plexed w th feares and jealousyes, was forced to call downe Col.
Holland from Manchester to his assistance. About this tyme wee
discovered a cessation in theire myne work, the abundance of rayne
soe slackinge and looseing the earth, that theire trench all fell in,
with the death of 3 of theire myners.

May 23. On Thursday Capt. Edw. Moseley brought another
sum'ons to her La pp from his Coll. M r Holland and Bigby \ some-
thing fuller than the former — (it not beseeminge M r Bigby es greatnes
to remit any thing of his former rigour) — that her La pp shold
forthw 1 * 1 yield upp her house, her armes and goods, all her servants
and her own p'son and children, into theire hands, to bee submitted
to the mercy of the parliament ; w ch being read, her La pp smiled,
and in a troubled passion challenged the Capt. w th a mistake in the
paper, mercy instead of cruelty. " Noe," sayes hee, " the mercy of
the Parliament :" when her La pp quickly and composedly reply ed,
" the mercy es of the wicked are cruell : Not that I meane," sayes

182 FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE.

shee, " a wicked Parliament, of which body I have an honorable
and reverend esteeme, but wicked factors and agents, such as
Moore and Rigby, who for the advantage of theire owne interests
labour to turne kingdomes into blood and ruyne. That unless
they wold treat w th her Lord, they shold never have her, nor any
of her freinds alive ;" w ch the souldiers seconded with a generall
acclamation.

The Capt. finding her still resolute in her first intention, in dis-
course with her La pp and some others, gave a tacitt intimation
(belike not without instruc'ons from the Colonells), that her La pp
may now have her owne first condic'ons to quitt the house ; but
shee returned the Capt. w th the first answ r , that she wold nev'
treate without cora'ands from her Lord.

The same night one of our spyes, sent out for newes, approch't
the enemyes works, and takeing the opportunity of a single cen-
trye, pistoll'd him, and entred the house w th intelligence from his
Lo pp , that his Highnes Prince Rupert was in Cheshire, on his
march for her La pps releefe, which gave us joy full occasion that
night to pray for the Princes happy and victorious approach.

24, 25. Fryday and Saturday were passed over in a hopefull
ignorance, for whiles wee knewe nothing, we had good cause to
hope well. It beinge the custome of the enemy to storme us
w th most hideous tales from theire trenches when they had the least
foundation for a lye.

26. On Sunday nighte our centryes discov'ed a weakness in
the enemy by the thinnesse of theire releefe, wherefore the Capt.
agreed to sally out the next morneing with 200 men.

Capt. Ogle and Capt. Rawstorne were allotted for the acc'on;
but they, like good p'vident fellows, thrifty of theire owne lives,
p" vented the Capt. this hono'r, who heareing of the Prince's vic-
torious entrance into the countrey, (by the defeate of Col. Ducken-
Jield, Mainwaring, Buckley, and others, who kept the passe at
Stockport, the second key of the county,) stole away betwixt 12
and 1 o'clock in the night.

The next day Rigby drew upp his companyes, and what freshe

FIRST SIEGE OF LATIIOM HOUSE. 183

supply es hee could raise, in all about 3000 (M r Holland being
returned to Manchester, and Mr. Moore to Liverpoole), unto
Eccleston Greene, sixe miles from Lathom, standing there in a
greate suspence w ch way to turne. Att last imagining the Prince
wold either march through Blackburne or Lancaster for the releefe
of YorJce, hee intends not to come in his way, but diverts to
Bolton, formerly a garrison, and still fortifyed.

In this towne the Prince intended to take upp his quarter, being
truely certifyed by his scouts, that it was not w th out an enemy ;
but being happily prevented by Bigby and some other auxiliaries
from Coll. Shuttleworth, to the number of 4 or 5000 in all, his
Highnes on Tuesday drew upp his army before the town, as truely
happy of occasion to fight with the merciles besiegers of a Princesse
in misery, and forthwith with all gallantry and resoluc'on ledd up
his men to an assault.

The Earle of Derby desireing to be one of the first avengers
of that barbarousnes and cruelty expressed to his Lady, with a
part of the Princes owne horse charged a troope of the enemy,
w ch braveringly issued out of the towne, to disorder and vexe our
foote in the assault. Theise hee chact to the very walls, where he
slewe the Cornett, and with his owne hand tooke the collours,
being the first ensigne taken that day, w ch hee sent to his Highnes.
Att his first passe into the towne, closely following the foote at
theire entrance, 1 his Lo pp met with Capt. Booth, formerly one of
his owne servants, and the most virulent enemy ag l his Lady in
the siege. Him hee did honor of too brave a death to dye by his
Lords hand, w th some others of his good countreymen, that had 3
monethes thirsted for his Lady's and his children's blood.

The Prince that day not only releev'd but reveng'd the most
noble Lady his cosen, leaveing 1600 of her besiegers dead upon
the place, and carrying away 700 prisoners. For a perpetuall
memoriall of his victory, in a brave expression of his owne
noblenesse, and a gracious respect to her Ladiships sufferings, the

1 Compare this with the other accounts of the assault, from which it differs as to the
first repulse of the Royalists, the mode of Derby's entrance, and the number of the
slain.

184 FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE.

next day hee presented her La pp with 22 of those collours, which
3 dayes before were proudly flourisht before her house, by the
hands of the vallient and truely noble S r Richard Crane, w ch will
give honour to his Highnes and glory to the acc'on, soe long as
there is one branch of that auncyent and princelye familye which
his Highnes that day preserved.

A VIEW OF THE GARRISON, THEIRE STRENGTH AND DISCIPLINE.

Her Ladiship comanded in cheefe, whose first care was the
service of God, which in sermons and solemne prayers shee duely
saw p'formed : 4 tymes a day was shee con^only p'sent in publike
prayers, attended with 2 litle ladyes her children, the Lady Mary
and the Lady Catherine, for piety and sweetnes truelye the children
of soe princely a mother : and if daringnes in tyme of danger may
adde anything to theire age and virtues, lett them have this testi-
monye, that though truely apprehensive of the enemyes malice,
they were nev" startled w* any appe'ance of danger.

HER CAPTAYNES.

Capt. Hen. Ogle, Capt. Edw. Chisnall, Capt. Edw. Raiosterne,
Capt. Wm Farmor, Capt. Mullineux Rattcliffe, Capt. Richard Fox,
assisted in their consultac'ons by W m Farrington of Werden, Esq.
who, for executeing the commission of array, and attending her
La p p in her troubles, had suffered the seizure of all his personall
estate, and the sequestration of all his lands. 1

The souldiers 300, proportioned to ev'ry Captayne his number ;
theire duty was ev'ry second night 150 men upon the watch,
excepting 16 select marksmen out of the whole, w ch all the day
kept the towers. The sallyes were by lotts. The Capt. drawne

1 Seacome's narrative substitutes Capt. Charnock of Charnock for Captain R. Fox,
and Mr. Farrington for Captain Farmer, in the list of Lady D.'s Captains, adding
" these Captains received all their orders from Captain Farmer, whom her Ladyshipp
had made Major of the House, and he received his orders from her Ladyshipp, p. 101.
The reader may refer to the work cited for many anecdotes of the chivalrous gallantry
of the defenders, in particular Major Munday and Captain Kay, and the expedients of
Archdeacon Rutter.

FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE. 185

by her La pp chose theire Lieuts. Without the walls is a deepe
ditch, fenced on each banke w th stronge palizadoes ; upon the walls
7 towers convenyently flancking one another : within, the walls
are lined with earth and sodds, 2 yards thicke, by the industry of
the souldiers in the siege.

The ordinance 6 sacres, 2 sling peeces, in ev'ry tower 1 or 2
murtherers to scoure the ditches.

Our greatest feare was want of powder, w ch had been suddenly
spent, had not the Captaynes dispensed it frugally, and prohibited
the souldier from wast of shootes.

Every sally brought us in some new stocke, w ch the souldiers
found in the enemyes trenches, to augment our magazine.

This feare made the Captaynes sparing in theire sallyes and
theire ordinance, who would els have prevented theire neere works.

In the whole siege we spent but 7 barrels, beside that we tooke
from the enemy : in all the time they neither gave us assault nor
alarum.

The provision wold have lasted 2 monethes longer, notwith-
standing the souldiers hadd alwayes sufficient, whom her Ladiship
had a care often tymes to see served herselfe.

We lost but 6 men in the whole siege, 4 in service, and 2 by
theire owne negligence, or over daringnes, appeareing above the
towers.

A VIEW OF THE ENEMY.

S r Tho. Fairfax com'anded in cheefe ; l under him Col. Ashton,
Col. Holland, Col. Moore, Col. Righy, by turns assisting one ano-
ther.

The com'on souldier continually in leaguer betwixt 2 or 3000,
which divided in tertias, 7 or 800 watched ev'ry third day and

1 It is probably only intended by this expression that Fairfax arranged the plans of
the siege, in the first instance personally, and subsequently by correspondence. Col.
Egerton of Shaw appears from Seacome's account to have had the principal local com-
mand in the early part of the siege, and Col. Rigby in the later part.

B B

186 FIRST SIEGE OF LATHOM HOUSE.

night. Theire artillery, one demi canon, 1 culverin, a morter-
peece, and 3 sacres.

Their works was an open trench round the house, a gard of
ditch, and a gard raised with turfe, att the distance of 60, 100, or
200 yards from the walls.

Their sconces 8, raised in such places as might most annoy our
men in the sallye, built directis lateribus, 2 yards in rampier and a
yard in ditch, in some places stak'd and pallizadoed to keepe off a
violent assault.

Their pioneers were first sheltred by basketts and hurdles, and
afterwards by a kind of testudo, a wooden engine running on
wheeles, rooft towards the house, with thicke plancks, and open to
the enemy for liberty to cast up the earth.

They shott 107 canon, 32 stones, and 4 granadoes. They spent
by confession of theire owne officers neare 100 barrels of powder,
lost about 500 men, besides 140 maymed and wounded.

187

Chapter $£.

RUPERT S ADVANCE THROUGH SHROPSHIRE AND CHESHIRE TO THE RELIEF

OF LATHOM THE PASS OF STOCKPORT FORCED — ASSAULT, STORM, AND

MASSACRE AT BOLTON SIEGE, STORM, AND SLAUGHTER AT LIVERPOOL

DEPARTURE FROM LANCASHIRE TO RAISE THE SIEGE OF YORK, AND

DEFEAT AT MARSTON MOOR.

MAY JULY MDCXLIV.

Extracts from Contemporary Authorities, &c. — (continued.)

Advance of Prince Rupert towards Bolton, from Shropshire,
" 1644, March. About this time Nantwich was very suspicious of Prince
Rupert, for he had been long in Shrewsbury and in Wales, gathering more forces.
Therefore they first kept a day of humiliation, and then prepared for an assault :
but he came not that way. After he had gathered what moneyes he could in
Shropshire and elsewhere, he drew all his forces towards Holt, Farndon, Malpas,
and Whitchurch, and the country thereabouts, and May 18 advanced towards
Drayton. The next day (1 9th) his army of 1 0,000/ most horse, came over the
water to Audlem, Brewerton, Over, &c. and plundered all the country.

" Upon Monday (May 20th) Nantwich bands, being a thousand, issued forth
towards Hatherton, but the enemy retired to Audlem, and so they did not meet
with any of them.

" Upon Tuesday (21st) at night, Prince Rupert lay at Betteley, and his army
advanced towards Haslington, Sandbach, &c. plundering most fearfully all along,
and especially taking men and horses.

*****

" Upon Friday (May 24) they advanct towards Lancashire, and lodged at
Knutsford. Upon Saturday (25) they advanct towards Stockport, where Col.
Mainwaring and Col. Duckenfield were with their companies, but they left the
town, and fled into Lancashire. 2 About three days after they assaulted Bolton,

1 This force is probably overrated, but not much, if it is considered how large a
residue mustered in Montgomeryshire after the losses at Stockport, Bolton, Liverpool,
the skirmishes with Shuttleworth, the severe slaughter at Marston Moor, and the
capture and loss of nearly two thousand horse in flying across Lancashire to Cheshire.

8 Rushworth (part iii. vol. ii. p. 623) mentions serious resistance at " Stopworth,"
before the retreat of the Parliamentary forces. Ry ves, in his Mercurius Aulicus, states

188 BOLTON MASSACRE.

and with loss of much blood and great cruelty took it. After that they set upon
Liverpool, and took it." — BurghalVs Providence Improved, MS. Copy, Coles'
MSS. British Museum.

Perfect Diurnall, No. 44, June 3, 1644.

Friday, May 31. — Letters from the Earl of Manchester received in London,
that his horse, joined with the Scottish horse and Sir Thomas Fairfax, are advanced
towards Lancashire, to prevent Prince Rupert's steering that way for the relief of
Yorke, or to disturbing the peace of the noble Lancastrians, who without any in-
termission have ever shewn themselves faithful and truly valiant for the Parlia-
ment's service.

Ibid. p. 352. — Sat. June 1. — That Rupert, with 5000 horse and 3000 foot, and
58 carriages, was in Lancashire, thinking more of plundering it than relieving
York, and thereby to impede the designs of the besiegers. That he had taken
Stockport, but that Sir John Meldrum, with a regiment of foot of the Scottish
army, and a regiment of the Lord Fairfax (Lancashire men) is certainly arrived
safe at Manchester, to joyne with that renowned and valiant garrison against
Prince Rupert ; and that Fairfax was consulting with the Earl of Manchester,
then at Selby, what further forces could be spared for Lancashire.

XXXIX.

An Exact Relation of the bloody and barbarous Massacre at Bolton
in the Moors in Lancashire, May 28, by Prince Bupert, being
penned by an Eye- Witnesse admirably preserved by the gracious
and mighty hand of God in that day of Trouble. Published
according to Order.

London : Printed by B. W. for Christopher Meredith, August 22,
1644. 1

An Exact Relation of the bloody and barbarous Massacre at
Bolton in the Moors in Lancashire, May 28, by Prince Rupert,

the loss of the Parliament forces in Stockport assault at 800 prisoners ; and in Bolton
assault at 800 rebels killed, at least, and 600 prisoners ; but the account, which is mixed
up with predictions from Booker's almanac, is not to be depended on.

1 With the exception of the statement in the last note (as far as the knowledge of
the editor goes) the reader who would wish to find the most moderate account of the
slaughter at Bolton, must turn from the records of the Royalists, written in the moment

BOLTON MASSACRE. 189

being penned by an Eye-Witnesse, admirably preserved by the
gracious and mighty hand of God in that day of Trouble.

After those two fatall and prodigious fountaines of our sad
Counties misery, viz. ours in full security in too much resting upon

of triumph, and take the reduced numbers from the lamentations of the sufferers, the
Parliamentarians and Puritans.

The Royalist account, given from Seacome (p. 109), states that most of 2000 Par-
liament soldiers left by Rigby, were slain on the place, under Rupert's order forbidding
quarter to any in arms : the other Royalist account (already given in the Siege of
Lathom, p. 183) states the loss on the same side as 1600 slain, and 700 prisoners.

The present account, which seems to have been written by one not likely to reduce
the extent of slaughter unnecessarily, makes the total amount of the slain on both
sides about 1200 or 1500, and is probably nearest the truth. Many, as it states, were
buried in obscure places, the Royalists burying the principal persons among their
dead in the chancel of Bolton Church. Others of the Parliamentary party occur in
one entry in the Register, which is headed " all these 78 of Bolton slayne the 28 of May
1644." " Wm.Bootle, Capt." occurs first in this entry, and subsequently " Jo. Brad-
shaw, Gent." The rest do not require particular notice.

An anecdote is introduced in Pennant's Tour to Alston Moor (p. 59), which in idle
gossip states Sir Thomas Bootle (purchaser of Lathom from the Derby family) to have
been a descendant of this officer ; and, in fact, mentions the alienation as a judgment
on the representatives of the Earl, to whom the captain, previously his porter, is said
to have " sued in vain." The preceding extract of the burial register of Captain
William Bootle confutes the story. Mr. Bootle of Melling, the ancestor of the subse-
quent purchaser, and the head of that family at the time of the storm of Bolton, was
Thomas Bootle, as appears by Dugdale's Visitation of 1664.

On the subject of Bootle's death by Derby's hand, the following statements are
quoted, as it is a point which has been much discussed.

The present Tract mentions the Earl's ignoble, nay base killing of Captain Bootle,
after quarter given. The Chronicler of Lathom Siege says, that the Earl did him the
honour of too brave a death, to die by his Lord's hand. Seacome omits the alleged fact
entirely. The Perfect Diurnall (in accord with other contemporary authorities) gives,
as the reason for the Earl's execution being fixed at Bolton, the cruelties of Rupert
and the Earl there, and the Earl's having there " killed in cold blood one Captain
Bootle, formerly his servant." In all the versions of the Earl's last speech, he may be
understood more or less specifically to have denied the allegation ; in all of them he
denies the charge of being " a man of blood."

It is presumed that the charge turns on the alleged guilt of deliberately killing after
quarter given. As to the general slaughter, it can excite little surprise, even if taken in
the most aggravated point of view. The warmest advocate of Rupert would not praise
him for mercy. Bolton, the centre of Puritanism, " the Geneva of Lancashire," had
bravely beaten off two previous assaults of Derby on former occasions ; and to this

190 BOLTON MASSACRE.

our owne strength upon the one side, and our wofull and ruine-
threatning divisions on the other, had long portended, and Gods
Ministers had often warned us of that calamity which then we
feared not, nor believed, but now smart under ; it pleased the just
and wise hand of Heaven, at last, to awake our dead spirits by
that sad Alarme of War, and to cause that black cloud which hung
over our heads to be dissolved, and first to be poured down in a
bitter showre of blood, upon that Spectacle of sorrow and amaze-
ment, poor, sighing, and solitary Bolton ; that England may see

third attack Rupert's troopers came expressly for the purposes of wiping off the
memory of former defeats, and avenging the wrongs of Lady Derby on Rigby and
Bolton, under the excitement of a largess sent by the Countess to them. The fire of
the Lancashire guns was too heavy for Rupert's veterans ; and after their first repulse,
according to Seacome, they were further excited by the exhibition of their captured
fellow- soldiers slaughtered on the ramparts. It is clear that Rupert then forbade
quarter, whatever his previous intentions might have been ; that the Earl headed the
forlorn hope in the renewed assault, and that in the height of the carnage his late ser-
vant met him near the cross, and fell near him. The statements founded on Bishop
Rutter's materials, state, that he begged quarter, and was told by the Earl, " I will not
kill thee, but I cannot save thee from others." Perhaps no two bystanders, in the
horror of the moment, would have agreed precisely as to the result.

Local readers may perhaps not think a further notice of some of the sufferers un-
interesting.

Three females are mentioned amongst those abused or slaughtered. Elizabeth Hor-
rocks, seemingly widow of the Captain Horrocks slain in arms, was probably a relative
of Alexander Horrocks, minister of Dean. Catherine, wife of Arthur Seddon, is con-
jectured from several coincidences to have been a member of the numerous family, or
rather clan, of the Cromptons, a zealous and pious race, belonging to that section of the
Puritans afterwards known as Non -Conformists, but never actively engaged in the
civil contest. To a very well known branch of the same family belonged the Vicar's
relict, Alice Gregge, another victim, recently a widow, and mentioned, together with
her husband, more at large in the biographical index.

The Perfect Diurnall of June 10 adds to the victims "four worthy divines, Mr. Hay-
cocks, Mr. Tillesley, Mr. Harper, and Mr. Fogg." It is probable that the persons intended
were — Alex. Horrocks, minister of Dean ; John Tildesley, pastor there ; John Harper,
pastor of Bolton ; and John Fogge, pastor of Liverpool. If this is the case, the state-
ment is at once disproved by all these persons having signed the Harmonious Consent
in 1649. Be this, however, as it may, though no one can doubt the jeopardy that
might have been undergone by "four worthy divines," if they had encountered Rupert's
troopers, there can be as little doubt that if they had fallen, they would not have escaped
the lamentations of the chronicler of the " massacre," who does not mention them.

BOLTON MASSACRE. 191

and be ashamed that she hath not long since spewed out such
monsters as are bred in her owne bowels, and that all may take it
to heart that there hath beene no more zeale in us for the Cause,
Servants, Gospel, and glory of the Lord of Hosts, so much aimed
at, and, by tongues set on fire of hell so vilified, as in this relation
may further appeare.

On Tuesday, May 28, this sad towne being almost destitute
of men, ammunition, or other means of defence, was in the morning
relieved by that noble cordiall commander, Col. Bigbie ; and cer-
tainly if some other aid designed for our helpe had come in time,
there had been a good account rendered of that townes preserva-
tion, and the enemies discouragement ; but that God, which in-
tended not our deliverance, used not the meanes ; yet in all there
was about 2000 Souldiers and 500 Clubmen, a company sufficient
if the securitye of the Inhabitants had not hindred their better
fortifying of the same.

About two of the clocke in the afternoone the enemy was disco-
vered about a mile off, and they made their approaches to the
Town on the More south-west from the Town. Their number
was guessed, and by themselves after confessed to be about 12000.
They appeared at first like a wood or cloud, and presently were
cast into severall bodies ; divers scouts approached to discover the
way for their entrance with most advantage. Our Commanders
were very couragious, and our Souldiers very hardy, and both
resolved to stand to it, and in the first encounter gave them about
halfe an houres sharpe entertainment, were close in discharge, as
the enemies confessed after, and repulsed them bravely to the ene-
mies great losse and discouragement, and in their retreate cut them
down before them in great abundance, and they fell like leaves
from the tree in a winter morning.

Then was a breathing, or rather a new preparative for a fresh
encounter, which was gallantly performed on both sides, wherein
the worthy Colonell Rigby, and his Commanders, Captain Wil-
lougly, Captain Booth, and the rest, did notable service. But,
alas, what could naked men do against horse in an unfortified

192 BOLTON MASSACRE.

place : besides, it is conceived that a Townsman was their convoy
to bring them on through a place called the Private Akers for a
great reward ; and when once the horse was got into the Town,
there could be no resistance almost made, but every man left to
shift for himself.

At their entrance, before, behinde, to the right, and left, nothing
heard but kill dead, kill dead was the word in the Town, killing
all before them without any respect, without the town by their
Horsemen pursuing the poore amazed people, killing, stripping,
and spoiling all they could meet with, nothing regarding the
doleful cries of women or children, but some they slashed as they
were calling for quarter, others when they had given quarter, many
hailed out of their houses to have their brains dasht out in the
streets, those that were not dead in the streets already pistoled,
slashed, brained, or troden under their horses feet with many inso-
lent blasphemous oathes, curses, and challenges to heaven itselfe,
(no doubt) hastening the filling up of their cup, and bringing that
swift destruction upon them, which they shortly after tasted of (and
blessed, blessed ever be the great and just God for it) with many
taunts and cruell mockings ; as, " See what your prayers are come
to ! Where is all your dayes of humiliation ? O, that we had
that old Rogue HorrocJcs that preaches in his grey cloake !"

But I forbeare many sad things which might be inserted, the
usage of children crying for their fathers, of women crying out for
their husbands, some of them brought on purpose to be slaine
before theire wives faces ; the rending, tearing, and turning of
people naked, the robbing and spoiling of all the people of all
things that they could carry: all which this Authour being an
eye witnesse, and a sharer in, who though quarter was given him
by a Souldier that found him out in hopes of getting his money,
yet had like to have been severall times killed after for his money,
which others had gotten before, and doubtlesse had been slaine if a
Commander had not appointed to carry him to the Prince, yet he
that carried him forced him to go and borrow twenty shillings
more, else he would leave him in the streets again, and that was
present death.

BOLTON MASSACRE. 193

The relator upon his own knowledge and good information fur-
ther addes some particular instances of their then matchless cruelty,
by which (as ex ungue leonem) you may judge and abhorre them,
and their actions, and the Lord grant England at last an open eye
and due sense of her owne misery, by this sad spectacle, and wofull
example of Bolton,

First the massacring, dismembring, cutting of dying or dead
bodies, and boasting, with all new coined oathes swearing how
many Roundheads this sword or they had killed that day, some
eight, some six, some more or lesse. Arms, legs, yea the braines
themselves lying distant from their heads, bodies, and other parts.

Their treading under horse feet and prancing over halfe dying
poore Christians, who were so besmeared and tumbled in dust and
blood, that scarce anything of man remained in the cruell beastly
actor or wofull sufferer, but onely proportion of men in both, the
one being become so farr below the nature of a man in acting, the
other cast below the condition of the most miserable of men, in
suffering such unheard of things.

Their violent pursuit of their bloody victory in the Towne and
four or five miles out of the Towne in outhouses, fields, highway es
and woods, killing, destroying and spoiling all they could reach,
and crying out, " Where is your Roundheads' God now ? He
was with you at Warrington, Wigan, Manchester, and other
places, and hath he forsaken you Roundheads of Bolton now ?
Sure he is turned Cavalier," &c.

Their bragginge how many wives they that day had made
widowes and children fatherlesse, mercilessly casting off all pitty,
insomuch as any if they were tumbling in the dirt or ditches, did
but lift up their heads and cry " Quarter, for the Lord Jesus' 1 sake,
quarter," all the mercy they shewed them was to cry out to others,
or to say, " God damme, ile give this or that strong Roundheaded
rogue one blow more to send him quickly to the Devill."

William Boulton was fetcht out of his chamber with scorne,
saying they had found a praying Saint, and fetcht him to kill him
before his wives face, who being greate with childe and ready to

c c

194 BOLTON MASSACRE.

be delivered, fell on him to have saved him, but they pulled her
off without compassion, and bade him call on his God to save him,
while st they cut him to pieces.

James Syddal lying wounded and dying was heard by one of
them to give a groan (after they had thought him long before to
be dead) and presently one discharged his pistol at his heart, but
it would not enter ; the other he prepared after, and that tooke
effect ; and after boasted what an act he had done, saying, " Yonder
lies one of the strongest Roundheads that ever I met withall, for
one of my pistols discharged at his heart would not enter, but I
thinke I sent him to the Devill, with a vengeance, with the other."

Katherine Saddon, an aged woman of 72 years old, run with a
sword to the very heart, because she had no money to give, and
some others killed outright after they were mortally wounded,
because they stirred or answered not greedy unjust desires.

Elizabeth fforroch, a woman of good qualitie, after that they
had killed her husband, tooke her in a rope and dragged her up
and down, after that they had robbed and spoiled her of all she
had, and threatned to hang her unlesse she would tell them of her
plate and money, who was yet wonderfully preserved.

Their inhuman usage of her and some other maids and wives in
the town in private places, in fields and in woods, the trees, the
timber, and the stones, we hope will one day be a witnesse against
them, for some of them being destracted at the present day.

A lice Greg, the reverend late minister of Bolton's widow, stripped
to her smocke, — nay, she having two smockes on, they tooke one
of them, and left her scarce old rags to cover her nakednesse.

But the principal stain of all this cruelty, as is reported, was set
off by that Strange Earle, his ignoble, nay base killing of valiant
Captain Booth after quarter given, besides whom, and Captaine
Horrocke, we lost no commander of note ; but they lost, as is con-
fessed, a Colonel, a Lieutenant Colonel, and divers other Com-
manders of good quality. Whether their losse or ours was greater
for souldiers is somewhat questionable, so many of ours escaped,
and so many of theirs were buried by them partly in obscure places,

BOLTON MASSACRE. 195

and a greate many of note by them lie buried in the chancell of
the Church. Of their and oure side it is conceived there was slain
about 1200 or 1500 in all.

Only this one thing they may boast of more in their bloody zeal
for the worst of causes that ever was defended by English Spirits,
that they left almost three score poor widows husbandlesse, and
hundreds of poor children fatherlesse, and a sweet godly place a
nest of owles and a den of dragons, almost without inhabitant :
only a few women and children are the remnant left, without bit
to eate, bed to lie on almost, or a cup to drink in, or any meanes
of subsistence in the world. So that we may well conclude with
Jeremiah (Lam. i. 12) " Was ever sorrow like to my sorrow? Is
it nothing to you, O yee that pass by ?" &c.

Oh England ! Oh Heaven ! Oh Earth I &c. beare witnesse of
our calamity. Oh London ! and all ye places yet freed from our
sorrows, think on the day of your peace with thankfulnesse, of our
trembling and trouble with compassion. And oh, all ye Christians
and people of the Land, let bleeding, dying, undone Bolton be-
speake one thing at the hands of all sorts. Take heed of security
and your own divisions, lay aside your own ends, spirits, interests,
engagements, and distractions, and first labour to carry on God's
work in the subduing of these cursed Edomites and Amalekites
devoted unto destruction by the hand of heaven, or else look with
Bolton to taste of the same cup of trembling which the Lord, the
God of Hosts, in his due time, take out of all our hands, and fill
up with the measure of our bloody enemies' sins, the measure of
their plagues, which the just God will in due time return upon
them for this and all their cruelty, that King, Parliament, and
People may once more rejoyce in the due settlement of truth and
peace in these our dayes, and Glory may still dwell in our land.
Which God grant for Christ's sake. Amen.

196 STORMING OF BOLTON.

An Account of the Siege and taking of Bolton in the County of Lancaster, on the
twenty-eighth of May 1044, by his Highness Prince Rupert, General and Chief
Commander of the Army of his Uncle, King Charles I. (Seacome's Memoirs,
1741. p. 108). 1

The Prince being advertized that the Siege of Latham House was raised, and
that Rigby, the late Besieger thereof, with his Army, were fortified in Bolton,
resolved to do all that lay in his power to Avenge the Affronts and Abuses put
upon and Suffered by the Brave and most Noble Lady Derby, to whom he knew

1 This account of the storming of Bolton, as well as the subsequent one of the
storming of Liverpool, are added here from Seacome's Memoirs, not only as being the
Royalists' statement, but as appearing to be drawn from the Stanley papers, for the
reasons undermentioned.

Dr. Whitaker (Richmondshire, ii. 258) describes these Memoirs as " an ill-written
account of the Stanley family, compiled, however, by the help of original authorities,
which should have fallen into better hands." In the following page he considers their
author to have had access to family papers, " certainly from Latham," when alluding to
Seacome's account of Lord Monteagle's belief in materialism, on which account Whit-
aker himself builds a beautiful superstructure. In these remarks the Editor coincides,
and as it is necessary in this work to refer so frequently to Seacome's Memoirs of the
House of Stanley, it is desirable to say something as to that work and its author.

" John Seacome of Liverpool, Gent." states himself to have had " the honour to
serve" William, ninth Earl of Derby, " several years, as household steward." Earl
William died in 1702, and Seacome may therefore be presumed to have been born
within a few years of the Restoration. It is clear that he had the full confidence of
his noble master, for his whimsical errors often turn on his habit of substituting family
gossip for historical evidence ; and it appears from his dedication to James, Duke of
Athol (who succeeded to the Isle of Man, and the later barony of Strange, on the death
of James Stanley, tenth Earl, in 1736) that such kindness was continued to him by his
" Grace's favour and beneficence."

The first edition of his work (which is the one quoted in this collection) was pub-
lished without date, but the work was completed in 1741 (as noticed in pp. 6, 176, and
Append. 53) and republished in 1767, without name, dedication, or preface, and other-
wise curtailed. It is clear that he had either Baggaley 's papers (" my collection, Bag-
galey") or a transcript ; and besides other references to the papers of Bishop Rutter
(chaplain at Lathom during both sieges), in p. 2 he quotes " Bp. Rutter, in his MS. now
by me." His opinions on all points excepting those of the civil war or others subsequent
to it, are beneath notice ; and it will be clear from his errors respecting Shrewsbury
and Sir R. Lane in the present extract, that he is only to be attended to where he
follows his authority. Much, however, is due to him for preserving what he has given ;
and he disarms criticism, by describing his education as narrow and scanty, " having
made me just so much scholar as to know my want of learning, yet I have learned what
duly and gratitude mean."

STORMING OF BOLTON. ] 97

himself nearly Ally'd by Consanguinity of Blood ; therefore, waiving their Garrison
of Manchester, he hastened to Bolton, which being but of a small Circuit, and
Defended with three thousand Men, His Highness rightly judged would make a
Vigorous Resistance ; however, having called a Council of War, ordered his Post,
and prepared for a Storm, gave Directions for the Assault, which was Performed
with much Gallantry and Resolution by his Men ; but being greatly Annoy'd from
the Wall by the Enemies Cannon, and the Multitude of the Defendants, they
were obliged to Retreat, and Quit the Assault, with the Loss of two Hundred men.

His Highness being greatly Irritated and Ruffled by this Repulse, but especially
with the Barbarous Cruelty of the Enemy, who murdered his Soldiers taken in the
Storm in Cold Blood upon the walls before his Eyes ; with which he was highly
Provoked, and called a second Council of War, wherein he proposed a second
Onset. The Earl of Derby considering how much he was concern'd for his Lady
and Children, who unless the Town were Taken, would upon the Prince's Departure
be again immediately Besieged, requested his Highness to allow him two Compa-
nies of his Old Soldiers, then under the Command of Colonel Tyldesley, and to
give him the Honour to Command the Vann, saying he would either enter the
Town, or leave his Body in the Ditch. His Highness appeared unwilling to
Hazard a Person of his great worth in so Desperate an Action, yet, upon his
Importunity, comply'd with his Request ; and things being Prepared and Ready,
the Prince gave Orders for an Assault on all Parts of the Town where 'twas possi-
ble to make any Approaches.

The Earl of Derby with his two Hundred Men Marched directly to the Walls,
and after a Quarter of an Hour's hot Dispute, Entered the First Man himself,
who being Bravely Seconded by fresh Supply's, the Town was instantly Attack'd
on every quarter ; Rigby himself got away, but left two Thousand of his Men
behind him, most of which were slain upon the Place, the Prince forbidding to
give Quarter to any Person then in Arms, because they had so inhumanly Murdered
his Men in Cold Blood, (as before mention'd).

This Action was Performed on the twenty- eighth of May 1644. And the sudden
and surprizing Conquest of this Town (just after so Smart a Repulse), was chiefly
attributed to the Courage and Resolution of the Brave Earl of Derby, animated
by a just concern of the Sufferings of his Noble Lady and Children, and to the
Bravery of the two Hundred Lancashire Men he had the Honour to Command
on that Occasion ; for all fought with Equal Ardour for the Relief of their Noble
Lady Mistress, being all Tennants and Neighbours' Sons, Raised, Cloathed,
Armed and Trained by that valiant Earl, but Ungenerously and Disgracefully
taken from him by the King at Worcester; 2 whose weak and easie Temper proved

1 It is obvious that Shrewsbury is intended, and the soldiers here mentioned were
part of the regiment commanded by Lord Molyneux. See pp. 44, 47, 159.

198 STORMING OF BOLTON.

afterwards the Ruin of himself, and his Brave and Gallant Subject the Earl of
Derby, who once, in all appearance, had Interest and Power sufficient, if right use
had been made thereof, to have Delivered his Majesty from the Power and Malice
of all his Enemies.

The Prince having obtained this seasonable Victory over the Rebels in Bolton,
sent all the Colours taken there by Sir Richard Lane ' to the Lady Derby, which
her Ladyship received as a singular Honour as well as Comfort, and caused them
to be hung up in Lathom House, as a happy remembrance of God's Mercy and
Goodness to her and her Family.

From this Place, after some Days' rest, his Highness was prevailed upon to
March to Liverpool, to Reduce that Town, where the Enemy had a strong Garrison
under the Command of Colonel Moor, a worthy Member of that Rebellious Junto
who sat at Westminster, and took upon them to Order and Direct all the Publick
Affairs and Government of the Kingdom.

Extracts from contemporary journals relative to Rupert's Siege
of Liverpool, etc.

The Kingdom's Weekly Intelligencer, No. 58, 4 to 11 June 1644 :

Page 471. — Prince Rupert, it is hoped, will be met withall in a short time,
though that brave and most deserving County of Lancashire be awhile distressed.
If the tounes of Manchester, Warrington, and Lancaster and Liverpoole have but
provision of victuals for twenty dayes, for Men, Armes, and Ammunition they have
enough, they need not doubt of releefe from York."

June 10, 1644. — " Whereas the forces in the service of the Parliament within
the County of Lancaster are in great want and distresse, and that County wholly
spoiled and wasted by the Enemie," it is ordered that £3000 out of the sum appro-
priated for maintaining land forces be paid to Thomas Stone, Thomas Browne,
James Waynwright, and Thomas Markland, Citizens of London, for the use of
the same, &c. ; to be paid by the same to Humphrey Cheetome, Esquire, Treasurer
of the said Countie, who shall issue the same by order of the Deputy Lieutenant.
— Husband's Ordinances, page 521.

1 Sir Richard Lane was a lawyer, " the Prince's solicitor and attorney." See Lloyd's
Memoirs, 594. The Siege of Lathom reads, with much greater probability, Sir Richard
Crane, who served the Elector in the Palatinate, came over with Rupert to England
in 1642, and was slain at Bristol in 1645.— Lloyd, 667.

STORMING OF LIVERPOOL. 199

June 16. — Vicars's Chronicle (Part 2, God's Arke, &c, page 258) notices as a
proof of the sympathy for " poor distressed Bolton" a collection " at the Church
and Chappel at Salford, where was gathered seven score pounds, besides much
money that came in after that publike Collection." The sum is large, considering
the great local distress.

Mercurius Britannicus, No. 39, June 17, 1644.

u The brave repulse which Colonel More, Governor of Liverpole, gave twice to
Rupert (who assaulted that place with greate fury) is worthy of your notice. The
seamen were very active in that Service, and all are resolute to defend that place
against Rupert, the Viper who devours his nourisher. 400 English and Scots are
sent from Manchester to Warrington, and from thence by water to Liverpoole, for
their better assistance, and the Ships in the Harbour are well fitted to defend and
make good a part of that town."

In the close of the same page, June 17, 1644.

" Rupert hath at length with the number of his souldiers and continual assaults
stormed the towne of Liverpoole, but the prudent Governor, with the losse of not
above sixty men, kild him fifteen hundred, and finding that he could not hold the
place any longer, he privately drew off his Ordnance, Armes, and Ammunition,
and afterwards his goods in the Towne, and safely conveyed them on board the
Ships riding in the Poole, and disappointed Rupert's hopes therein, but he cares
for nothing so much, as that he hath got that nest, for his Uncles loyal subjects
the Irish Rebels to come over and build in, and help to setle the Protestant
Religion."

An Account of the Siege and Taking of Liverpool on or about the 26th of June
1644, by Prince Rupert, with a description of the scituation of that Town.
(From Seacome's Memoirs of the House of Stanley, original edition, p. HO.) 1

" Upon the Princes arrival near Liverpool, he was inform'd that it was well forti-
fied with a strong and high mud wall, and a ditch of twelve yards wide, and near
three yards deep, inclosing the Town from the East end of the Street called Dale
Street, and so Northward to the River, and from Dale Street-end East, and South

1 For a note respecting Seacome's supposed authorities, see page 196; and for a plan
of the ancient castle of Liverpool, which was taken down after the Restoration, and
another plan of the fortified mansion of the Stanley family there, see Gregson's
Fragments.

200 STORMING OF LIVERPOOL.

East, being a low marshy ground, was covered with water from the River, and
Batteries erected within to cover and guard against all Passage over or thro' that
Water. All the Street Ends to the River were shut up, and those to the Land
inclosed with strong Gates, defended by Cannon : all useless Women and Children
were sent to their Friends in the Country, on both sides the River. There was
also a strong Castle on the South, surrounded with a Ditch of twelve yards wide
and ten yards deep, from which to the River was a cover'd Way, thro' which the
Ditch was fill'd with Water, and by which, when the Tide was out, they brought
in Men, Provisions, and Stores of War, as occasion requir'd. In and upon this
Castle were planted many Cannon, as well to annoy the Besiegers at a Distance,
as to cover the Ships in the Harbour, which was then where the Dock is now, and
at the Entrance whereof was a Fort of eight Guns to guard that, and to prevent
all Passages by the River side at low water. Besides all these advantages of
Defence, there was one most unhappy circumstance to many distressed Families,
but very lucky to the Besieged ; for in those distracted, confused, and rebellious
Times, the English Protestants had great numbers of them been massacred in Ire-
land, and those who escap'd with Life obliged to fly to England for refuge and
safety, bringing with them all the Effects they possibly cou'd for support, amongst
which was great quantities of Wool. The Besieged covered the tops of their Mud
Walls with bags of Wool, which saved them greatly from the small shot of the
Besiegers. The Garrison within was numerous, and stor'd with Arms and Ammu-
nition of all kinds, and in this state thought themselves able to give the Prince a
hearty welcome on his visitation of them.

Liverpool is scituate upon a ridge of land on the East side of the River Mersey,
running from the North side of the Town for about a mile to the South side
thereof, where it falls to a flat ; but in its form for the most part declines on the
West side to the River, and on the East side to the country.

The Town was at that time but small, either in appearance or reality, to what
it is now. However, the Fortifications of it then included most of all the Town as
it is at present. The River is about a mile broad from bank to bank, and of depth
sufficient for reception of the largest Ships up to the Town. The Country near it
is high land, which renders it unfit to sustain a long Siege.

Which made the Prince, upon his near approach and view of the Town, being
unacquainted with its situation (one side declining to the Country, and the other to
the River, as above, so that he cou'd see but little of it), to compare it to a Crow
nest ; but e'er he became Master of it, he said it might have been an Eagle's nest
or a den of Lyons.

He fix'd his main Camp round the Beacon, a large mile from the Town, and
his Officers in the villages near it ; from whence he brought a Detachment every
day to open the Trenches and erect Batteries. The latter were mostly placed upon
the ridge of ground running from the North of Townsend Mill to the present

STORMING OF LIVERPOOL. 201

Copper Works and Mills, and the Trenches in the lower grounds under them. He
relieved his Trenches and Batteries from his Camp twice every twenty-four hours,
and from them he battered the Town, and attacked the Besieged and their Works
very frequently by way of Storm, but was always repulsed with great slaughter of his
Soldiers for the space of a month or near it, when some say the Besieged on the
North side deserted the Works and guard of them ; but others I have heard say
that Collonel Moor observing they wou'd be taken, he to ingratiate himself with
the Prince, and to save his House and Effects at Bank Hall near it, gave direc-
tion to the Soldiers to retreat from those Works ; but be that as it will, deserted
they were on the North side, and the Prince's Army entered the Town on that side
about three in the Morning, and put all to the sword they met with, from their
entrance to the high Cross, which stood where the Exchange is now j 1 and there
they found a regiment of Soldiers from the Castle drawn up in battle array, who
beat a parly, and demanded quarter; which on treaty they were allowed, but
without any other articles than Prisoners of War, and Surrender of the Castle,
with their Persons and Arms ; upon which they were all sent to the Tower, Saint
Nichols's Church, &c. the Prince taking possession of the Castle himself."

Continuation of Prince Rupert's March towards York.

After the reduction of Liverpool (Seacome, p. 112), Rupert visited Latiiom,
directed additions of bastions, counterscarps, &c. to its former defences, appointed
Captain E. Rostherne (whom he raised to the rank of colonel of foot) to be governor
of the fortress, pressed the Earl of Derby's return to Man (noticed with some
unworthy taunts in Mercur. Britan. No. 40) then skirmished with Col. Shuttle-
worth near Blackburn, and passed on to join the Marquis of Newcastle at York. —
Rtishworth, v. 624. Dr. Whitaker considers the passage into Yorkshire to have
been conducted in two divisions, and cites family documents respecting the plunder
of the troopers. — Whalley, p. 383. Ryves ( Mercurius Belgicus) mentions two
skirmishes, one at Blackburn on June 20, the second near Colne, June 25. Sir
Charles Lucas is said to have commanded the Royalists in both, and Colonel
Shuttleworth is stated to have been wounded in the second.

1 In the rental of Sir Edw. Moore (son of the governor of Liverpool) written in 1667,
the following passage occurs with respect to the slaughter : These " outhouses were
puled down w" Prince Hubert tooke Leverpooll, Whitsontid 1 644, puting all to ye
sword, for many howres, giving noe quarter, where Carill, y* now is lord Mullinex,
killed 7 or 8 pore men w th his owne hands. Good Lord deliver us from y e cruelty
of blud-thersty Papest ! Amen !" — Appendix to Stranger in Liverpool, 290.

D D

202 BATTLE OF MARSTON MOOR.

Perfect Diurnall, No. 48, 24 June — 1 July.

Letters from York that "the noble Generall there, well weighing the sadde
condition of Lancashire through the daily pressures and cruelties of the enemy,
had sent 6000 horse, 2000 dragoons, and about 5000 foot, under command of the
truely valiant Sir Thomas Fairfax and Major General Lesley, to joyn with Sir
John MeldrunCs forces at Manchester, making altogether 20,000 men to attend
the motions of Prince Rupert, and are resolved to fight him the first opportunity,
or pursue him, which way soever he takes."

These troops, or the larger portion of them, were probably countermanded in
consequence of Rupert's advance on York, June 30, previous to the Battle of
Maeston Moob, fought on July 2. Rushworth (v. 632) mentions the Parlia-
mentarians being weakened " by reason of the parties they had sent forth, as into
Lancashire under Sir John Meldrum ,-" but this appears to point at the earlier
detachment from the main body, sent to Manchester under that officer, as mentioned
above.

203

adapter £.

SUCCESSIVE DEFEATS OF THE ROYALISTS RETURNING ACROSS LANCASHIRE
FROM MARSTON MOOR SURRENDER OF LIVERPOOL TO THE PARLIA-
MENT — OF GREENHAUGH OF LATHOM OF CHESTER AND OF LICH-
FIELD, BY ITS GOVERNOR, SIR THOMAS TILDESLEY, UNDER THE ROYAL

COMMAND FOR FINAL ABANDONMENT OF FORTRESSES FORMATION OF

LAY AND ECCLESIASTICAL COMMITTEES, ETC., BY THE PARLIAMENT.

JULY MDCXLIV JUNE MDCXLVI .

Extracts from Journals relative to successive Conflicts with Rupert's forces retreat-
ing from Marston Moor through Lancashire.

Weekly Account, No. 47, Wednesday, 24 July 1644.

" Sir William Brewerton writes from York. He confirms the surrender thereof,
and also writes that Prince Rupert is gone into Lancashire, and as they heare
about Preston, and by his rallyed Horse, and other northern forces joyned with
him, he is thought to be about 6000 strong— and is afterwards said to have passed
at Hayle-ford to Cheshire."

Perfect Diurnall, No. 54, page 429.

August 8. — Resolved " that the Lord Fairfax should take care of Yorkshire, and
send 1000 Horse into Lancashire to join with the forces of that Countie against
Liverpoole, as also Cheshire and Derbyshire, for the reducing the rest of Prince
Rupert's broken forces."

The Second Siege of Lathom had now commenced, of which many particulars
will be found in Seacome's Memoires, 113-116 and 119-122, Edit. 1741. A brief
abstract of these particulars is subjoined to the account of its surrender in the
beginning of Dec. 1645, in the Extracts from contemporary Journals following.

Perfect Diurnall (55), page 433, Munday, August 12, 1644.
" Upon the receite of Letters certifying the proceedings of the Parliament's

204 FIGHT NEAR ORMSKIRK.

forces in the County of Lancaster, and of their late prosperous successe, it was
reported to the House of Commons that Colonel Ashton (a valiant active Gentle-
man) had taken 200 of the Earl of Darbies Horse neere to Preston, and that Sir
William Brereton, Major-Generall of the Association of Chester, &c, had sent a
party of about 1500 foote to join with the Lancasterians in beleaguering the
Towne of Liverpoole." In the same Journal are some trifling remarks on Prince
Rupert's amusements at Chester, which show his residence there at that period.

Perfect Occurrences, No. 3, August 28.

Letters as follows :

Sir — On Tuesday in the Evening (August 20), our Generall ' overtook the Enemy
near Armes-church, where they stood in Battalia, and after some few foote of
Colonell Booth's had given fire upon them, they faced about and fled ; our Horse
bravely following upon them totally routed them. In the pursuit we took 1000
Horse ; a list of some of the chief, I have here inclosed. The Lord Byron and the
Lord Mollineux were forced to forsake their Horse, and hide themselves in the
Corn Field.

A List of the names of chief Prisoners taken.

Col. Sir Thomas Prestwick Edw. Stanley, Corn.

Lieut. Col. Cottington Rich. Wright, Corn.

Capt. James Anderton Hen. Gillibrand, Corn.

Capt. Ecclestone Pet. Brand, Gent, of Arms

Butler, Capt. Wil. Scot, Gent.

Brooks, Capt. Tho. Sherborn, Gent.

Lee, Capt. James Noiceco, Gent.

Atherton, Capt. Arthur Butler, Gent.

M. Worthington, Esq. Tho. Wetton, Gent.

Abraham Laughton, Esq. John Foxe, Gent.

Lieut. Sturbane Master Marshall, Gent.

Lieut. Thorn. Massock Quarter Master Nocio

John de Hurst, Lieut. James Brown, Quarterm.

John Mogrow, Lieut John Fulme, Clerk

Walt. Chamberlain, Lieut. James Bond, Clerk

Nathaniel Jones, Lieut. Abraham Jones
Cornet Will. Johnson

Perfect Diurnall, No. 57, 26 Aug. to 2 Sep.
Monday, 26 Aug. (page 450) 1644. — " Letters were read directed to the Speaker

1 Major General Meldrum.

DEFEATS OF THE ROYALISTS. 205

of the House of Commons, declaring that the Lord Oyleby and Col. Hudleston
marching towards Latham House in Lancashire, encountered with Colonell Dod-
dington not far from Preston, and at first the dispute was very difficult, but Colonell
Shuttleworth received an alarm upon this engagement (his quarters being neere),
delayed not any time to rescue the first undertakers ; upon whose approach Colonell
Doddingtorfs men were put in great courage, and these two valiant Colonells,
being joined together, charged the enemy with such brave resolution, that they
were put into disorder, and many of them slaine in the place. The enemies party,
consisting of about 400 Horse, of which number was taken about 50 and 40 pri-
soners ; the rest being totally routed, thought to have secured themselves in flying
to Latham House, but finding the siege there well maintained, were most of them
taken in the action ; the men of note which were taken prisoners, were the Lord
Ogleby himselfe, Lieut. Col. Hudleston, Mr. Maxjield, and Cornet Grimes."

The same success is noticed in the Life of Meldrum in Ricraft's Champions ;
and also in Vicars's Chronicle, iv. p. 11, with a notice of a previous defeat by
Meldrum of three hundred of Prince Rupert's soldiers going to fortify Wigan,
" whom he (P. Rupert) left in that county." It is also noticed in Rush worth's
Collections (2 pt. 3, p. 745), with the date of the action fixed to Aug. 15.

The same action is also the principal subject of a Tract entitled " Three great
Victories against the Lord Ogleby," printed Aug. 27, 1644 (King's Tracts, 71, Tr.
12) ; and adding the names of Colonel Mynne and others that were taken prison-
ers. The rest relates to a success of Meldrum's troops against other fugitives
engaged near Lathom, and aided by a sally from the mansion, but routed and

1 The titles of the two Tracts relating to these successive victories are as follows :

" Three Great Victories obtained against the Lord Ogleby and others of Prince
Rupert's forces, when were taken prisoners the Lord Ogleby, Collonel Mynne, Collonel
Ennis, Lieutenant Collonel Huddleston, Lieutenant Collonel Maxwell's son, Lieutenant
Collonel Greene, two Serjeant Majors, Collonel Marrow the Governour of Chester
slaine, 500 slaine, taken prisoners, and routed. Prince Rupert himselfe fled into "Wales
with one Piece of Ordnance. And other Particulars from Darbishire of the taking of
500 Armes. Certified by Letters to severall Members, and published by Order, Aug.
27. Printed at London by Jane Coe, 1644."

" A True Relation of two great Victories obtained of the Enenry. The one by Sir
William Brereton in Cheshire, the other by Sir John Meldrum in Lancashire : relating
to the death of Col. Marrow, and the lists of Prisoners taken in both the Fights, and
of about 1800 Horse of Rupert's ; as also some remarkable Proceedings of CoL Fox
and his Cubs; with the late Condition of the Lord General's Army in the West. All
sent up from good hands to the Parliament and to Citizens of good qualitie. Pub-
lished according to Order. London, Printed for Thomas Underhill, at the Sign of the
Bible in Wood Street, 1644." (Aug. 30 in MS.)

The death of Col. Marrow (for whom see Hist. Chesh. ii. 135 and 167) relates to the
Cheshire victory, — namely, that of Sir William Brereton.

206 DEFEATS OF THE ROYALISTS.

scattered ; and to the final defeat near Liverpool of the fugitives from the fight of

Aug. 15 by the Parliamentary Horse, quartered between that place and Ormskirk.

The officer called Col. Doddington, was Col. George Dodding of Conishead.

Perfect Diurnall, No. 57 (Aug. 26 to 2 Sep.)
Aug. 27. — " There is still more good news out of Lancashire ; here followeth the
copie of a letter of particulars : —

" Sir, — The 20 of this instant the Lancashire forces near Armeskirke beat the
whole strength of the Enemy, tooke about 300 prisoners, 500 Horse, killed about
100, and forced the rest into Chester (Cheshire ?) intending to follow them ; and
have taken Colonell Hervey, besides 7 Captains and many other considerable
prisoners : and Sir Thomas Tilsley and Colonell Preston are either kild or fled
privately : for except their corps were among the dead, and being stript, not known,
which may be, we cannot tell what is become of them."

Rushworth, Part iii. Vol. 2, page 747, Sep. 3, 1644.

Sir Thomas Middleton surprises the King's forces at Oswestry, taking ammuni-
tion intended for Liverpool, Chester, &c. ; to regain which, about 2000 of Prince
Rupert's Horse, which " some time before broke through Lancashire, reinforced
with foot, and in all about 4000, under the command of Lord Byron, advance
towards Montgomery on Sep. 17th, and sustain a defeat from the Parliament's
forces, strengthened by Meldrum, Brereton, and Sir William Fairfax. The cap-
ture of " Col. Sir Thomas Tildesley" points to the presence of the remains of the
Lancashire Royalist Regiments in this battle.

See also particulars in Vicars's Pari. Chron. Part IV, page 33.

Liverpool and Lathom.

London Post, No. 5, page 3, Sep. 10, 1644.
In Lancashire — " There are but two garrisons only which now resist the Parli-
ament, which are the garrisons of Liverpole and Latham. From Liverpole we
are informed that they are in good possibility to submit with speede to the mercy of
the Parliament. The noble Sir John Meldrum with great successe hath made his
approaches to it by land, and brought the siege very neer unto their works and to
their walls. Colonel Moore, who was the Governour of it before Prince Rupert
made it acknowledge another master, hath besieged it by sea. The sad inhabi-
tants from both elements are deeply distressed ; and finding no hope of reliefe, it
is thought they will speedily acknowledge another master and a better government.
The siege of Latham House is still continued, and they now fear no Prince Rupert
to necessitate them to raise the Siege. The Earle of Derby is now in the House."

SIEGE OF LIVERPOOL. 207

Distress in Lancashire.
Perfect Occurrences, No. 5, Wednesday, September 11, 1644.

Order for a general fast on September 1 2. " One-half of the money collected in
the City of London, and in Westminster, and within the lines of communication,
to be sent for the relief of Lancashire, where in some parts the people had nothing
left to cloathe them, or bread for their children to eat, in consequence of the un-
heard of spoil, rapine, and cruelties, lately committed by the enemie."

The money to be given to Mr. Herle and Mr. Case, members of the Assembly
of Divines, Dean's House, Westminster, to be paid by them to Mr. John Hartley
of Manchester, and disbursed by him, as directed by Mr. Herrick, warden of
Manchester, Mr. Harper, minister of Bolton, Mr. Ward, minister of Warrington,
Mr. Letham, minister of Douglas, Mr. Ambrose, minister of Preston, Mr. Shaw,
minister of Aldington, Mr. Hepworth, minister of Whalley, or any four of them,
the distribution being first seen or allowed by three or more deputy lieutenants.

Liverpool.
Perfect Diurnall, p. 59, September 9-16, p. 472.
Sept. 14. — " Letters out of Lancashire this day received that the Earl of Derby
having gathered what forces he could, attempted to relieve Liverpool, and was so
bravely received by Sir William Brereton, that he took and killed 500 of them,
and put the rest to flight." — Roseworm was master of the ordnance at the Siege,
Aug. 16 to Nov. 4. See his Tract.

Sept. 22. — The post of Birkenhead in Cheshire (opposite Liverpool, and garri-
soned by the Royalists) fell to the Parliamentarians. — Carte's Ormond Letters. 1. 65.

Perfect Diurnall, No. 62, Sept. 30.

Letters from Sir William Brereton, stating that he had so blockaded West
Chester, as to prevent supply coming thither, and the enemy plundering that
country, or " being able to assist Liverpoole."

Surrender of Liverpool to the Parliament.
Perfect Diurnall, No. 67, 4-11 Nov. 1644.
Nov. 4, p. 530. — " By a letter this day to a member of the House of Commons
from Sir William Brereton, we had intelligence of the surrender of the garison of
Leverpole in Lancashire, on Friday last, the first of November, which was also
further confirmed by Sir John Meldrum's owne letter to the Parliament, the
manner in breefe thus. About fiftie of the English souldiers two or three dayes
before made escape out of the Garison, and drove away most of the cattle about
the towne, and came to Sir John Meldrum, which the English-Irish within the

208 SURRENDER OF LIVERPOOL.

Garison perceiving, and that they were now in a desperate condition, for that
quarter was before refused them, consulted together, and seized upon all their
commanders or otherwise secured them, and thereby delivered up the town to Sir
John Meldrum, laying their owne lives downe at his feete, who no doubt will re-
compense this exploit by shewing them more mercy than otherways they could
have expected, and (as we since heare) they are to be sent to Ireland, from whence
they came.

" There were taken in the towne two Colonells, two Lieutenant Colonells, three
Majors, fourteene Captaines and other Officers, besides Common Soldiers, Ord-
nance, Armes and Ammunition a great quantity.

" The Malignants in the towne had shipped most of their best goodes and trea-
sure, thinking to convey the same away by night ; but Sir John by the helpe of
some long boats prevented the designe, and surprized the same.

" The'taking'of this Garison will conduce much to the regaining of West-Chester,
blocked up by Sir William Brereton, and by the conjunction of Sir John Mel-
drum's forces, as is intended, a good accompt will ere long be given thereof no
doubt."

This yielding up of Liverpool was made one of the subjects of a Thanksgiving
on Tuesday, Nov. 5, following. — Ibidem, p. 531. It is more particularly noticed
by Vicars (Pari. Chron. iv. p. 62), who mentions among the prisoners, Sir Robert
Byron, Governor, and Colonel Cuthbert Clifton.

Parliamentary Ordinances of Dec. 1644.
Two Ordinances were made by Parliament at this period, which though not
coming within the line of Military transactions, require brief mention.

The first (Dec. 13, 1644) was an Ordinance of both Houses empowering the
following persons, or any seven of them, to ordain Ministers pro tempore within the
County of Lancaster. They were persons who exercised great local influence,
and those to whose names an asterisk is affixed were committed to the Tower by
Cromwell, in 1656, after the jealousies had arisen between the Independents and
the Presbyterians.

*Mr. Charles Herle *Mr. John Angier Mr. Johnson of Rochdale

*Richard Heyrick William Bell John Tildesley

James Hyet *Edward Gee *Richard Hollworth

William Ashton *Paul Lathom *John Harrison

William Ward John Harper Isaac Ambrose

Alexander Horrocks Richard Whitfield James Bradshaw

Johnson of Ellenbrook James Wood Robert Bath

Another useful list of Clergy and Laymen forming the heads of the several
classes, will be found in the Ordinance of Oct. 2, 1646, dividing Lancashire into

CAPTURE OF LATHOM OUTWORKS. 209:

nine Classical Presbyteries ; and another in the list of signatures of Clergy attached
to the " Harmonious Consent" of the Ministers of Lancaster Province with those
of their brethren, the Ministers of the Province of London, Mar. 3, 1047-8.

The second Ordinance (Dec. 17, 1644) relates to the " establishing a new Seale
for the County Palatine of Lancaster," the Dutchy Seal belonging to the county
having been " forcibly taken from Christopher Banister, Esq., Vice Chancellor,
by the forces raised against the Parliament.

Greenhaugh Castle.

Rushworth, Part iv. Vol. 1, p. 22.

May 1645. — Lathom House and Greenhaugh Castle, are enumerated among the
eight Garrisons north of Trent still holding out for the royal cause (respecting
Greenhaugh, see Whitaker's Richmondshire, ii. 456). It was a garrison of Lord
Derby's, near Garstang, omitted (probably on account of its insignificance) in the
previous statements of the Journals, subsequently reduced and dismantled by the
Parliament, and (as Dr. W. supposes) in consequence of an order of March 27,
1649.

Lathom Outworks.
Perfect Occurrences, 28th Week, 4-11 July, 1645.

" Munday, July 7. — This day there came newes of the good successe of our
forces in Lancashire against the enemies that nest in the garrisons at the Earl of
Derbie's house. They kept there three garrisons. One is Latham House itself ;
the second is a gentleman's house, and the third is a house called the Lodge ; both
within cannon shot of the first ; and that garrison called the Lodge was kept by
Irish rebels ever since we toke Lerpole (as I take it), for those rebels were they
that had quarter given them when we took Liverpoole.

" Our forces having blocked up those rebels in this garrison, sent them a sum-
mons to deliver up the said garrison to the Parliament, but they refused, saying
they would keep it for their good King, by whose authority they were put in there.
Whereupon our forces placed their batteries, and plaid upon the House, and
having made some breaches in it, marched up close to the enemy and stormed
them ; and it was a very hot fight of both sides for the time it lasted, and we had
divers hurt and some slaine, as in so hot a storme as that was could not be avoided ;
but our men followed on so gallantly, that notwithstanding the violent opposition
of the rebels, yet our men brake in upon them, killed and tooke them alle. So
farre as they can perceive, a man escaped them not, of which good successe here
followeth the list.

E E

210

LANCASHIRE COMMITTEE.

" A list of what was takene and how many slaine in the Enemies Garrison called
the Lodge, at the Earl of Derbies at Latham House in Lancashire :

40 killed in the garrison
Divers wounded, some mortally
60 taken prisoners
The Governor hurt and taken
12 officers more killed and taken
1 suppose Popish priest taken

100 armes taken in the garrison

2 barrels of gunpowder, some skeans
of match

All their bag and baggage, divers Po-
pish bookes, beades, and crucifixes

All the men, Irish rebels, that keepe it.

" Another house is close besieged by Major Ashurst, and he hath planted pieces
of batterie against it, and Latham House also is still besieged."

Die Veneris, 29 Aug. 1645.

^.n Ordinance of the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament for ordaining
a Committee in the County of Lancaster. (Husbands, 718.)

§ 1 . " The Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament do order and ordain
that

Sir Ralph Ashton Christopher Banister

Sir Robert Binloss — Barts. John Bradshaw

Richard Hoghton
Ralph Ashton
Richard Shuttleworth
John Moor
Alexander Rigby
William Ashurst
Gilbert Ireland
Peter Egerton

be a Committee for the County of Lancaster."

George Dodding
John Starkey
Edw. Butterworth
Thomas Fell
Rowland Hunt
Richard Haworth
James Ashton of Chad
derton

Edward Rigby
Thomas Birch
Alex. Rigby the younger
Nicholas Rigby of Harrock
Richard Ashton — Esquires
Nicholas Cunliffe
Henry Fleetwood
Robert Cunliffe
and
William Knip— Gentlemen

General monthly meetings to be

held at Preston, with power (besides what can be raised by sequestrations in the
first instance) to assess the County by the rule of assessing called the Soldier's
Lay.

§ 2, 3. Provisions for a standing Committee of Seven (at the least), to meet at
Preston, &c.

4. Alexander Norris, of Boulton, Gent, to be Treasurer, with his duties.

5. Directions to reduce all forces in pay in the said County to two regiments
of foot and one of horse. Officers to be appointed by the Committee. No deputy
lieutenant having an estate in Lancashire, or member of Committee, to be a colonel
or officer in these regiments.

6. Provisions as to pay of the same.

7. Provisions as to appointments of commissary of musters, keeper of maga-
zines, &c. with order that no person unfit in the judgment of seven or more of the

SURRENDER OF LATHOM. 211

Committee " to be intrusted with arms, shall reside or dwell within any of the
towns of Manchester, Warrington, Liverpool, Lancaster, Clithero, or Preston."
Every inhabitant of the same to bear arms or provide a substitute, unless judged
unable by seven or more of the Committee.

8. Directions for payments on account of the said forces, arms, or ammunition,
as the major part of the Committee may direct.

9. Provisions as to meeting claims for arrears of pay or other demands from
any commander or officer in said county.

10. Repeal of previous Ordinances. Nothing in this to take away from any-
thing granted in the Ordinance for the Northern Association ; and the Committee
to " see this Ordinance duly, speedily, and strictly put iu execution."

Fall of Lathom.
Perfect Diurnall, No. 123, 1-8 Dec. 1645.

Saturday, Dec. 6, p. 990. — " This evening, after the House was up, there came
letters to the Speaker of the Commons House, of the surrender of Latham House
in Lancashire, belonging to the Earl of Derby, which his Lady, the Countesse of
Derby, proving herselfe of the two the better souldier, hath above these two yeares
kept in opposition to our forces that blocked up the same, but it is now surrendered,
and by which meanes the whole County of Lancashire is absolutely freed and
reduced under the obedience of the Parliament, the enemy having not any one
garrison in that County.

" The taking of this place gives faire probability of the more speedy reducing
of Chester, whither no doubt these Lancashire forces will next move to assist the
besiegers, or else against Skipton in Yorkshire, as there shall be occasion.

" The conditions agreed on at the surrender of the place were briefly thus :

" The Governour alone to have his horse, armes, and £10 in money. The rest,
both officers and souldiers, to march away without armes or money to the next
garrison of the King's, either*Sidbury or Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and those that would
to have liberty to go to their own dwellings.

" There were taken in the House 12 pieces of ordnance, all theire armes and
ammunition, and greate store of rich prize and pillage."

A copy of the conditions of the surrender (stated to be transcribed from a MS.
at Browseholme Hall, in the possession of T. L. Parker, Esq.) is printed in Greg-
son's Lancashire Fragments, p. 248. These conditions are dated Bee. 2, and sti-
pulate for the place being given up on the following day ; but Ryves (Mercurius
Belg.) gives Dec. 4 as the date of the actual surrender.

In this second siege, the government of the fortress, for such it had really
become under the direction of Rupert's engineers, appears to have been entrusted to

212 SURRENDER OF LATHOM.

Col. Rawstorne. The seeming errors of the journals in speaking of Lord Derby's
presence in the House, and of Lady Derby's second display of masculine courage,
are noticed in a later part, Chap, xiii., relative to Lord Derby's retirement at this
period to the Isle of Man.

The account of the defence, as given by Seacome (Memoirs, 113, 119) may be
stated as follows : that Prince Rupert, recommending to the Earl to retire to Man
with his Countess and children, appointed Captain Edw. JRostherne governor, with
the rank of colonel, under whose care the Hall (newly fortified under Rupert's
direction) was supplied with provisions and ammunition to make up for what had
been consumed by the Royal army, or carried off by them to Marston Moor.

The Royalist cavalry was commanded by Major Munday and Captain Kay ;
the infantry by Captains Charnock, Farrington, Molyneux Radcliffe, Henry Nowel,
Worral, and Roby. Archdeacon Rutter was also considered a valuable addition
to the garrison.

The first advance of the besiegers is fixed in July 1644, with four thousand men,
under General Egerton ; and in consequence of a successful sally, the besiegers
are stated to have received so severe a check, as for twelve months to have been
unwilling to advance nearer than Ormskirk, but subsequently to have commenced
regular approaches.

It is then stated that the King was anxious to have raised the siege in person ;
but that (on being prevented by the defeat of his own troops on Rowton Heath,
near Chester, Sept. 24, 1645), he requested the governor to accept terms.

Commissioners are thereupon stated to have been appointed, who procured
honourable offers to the garrison, with a stipulation that Lady Derby should have
a third of the Earl's estate, with conveyance of his goods to Knowsley for Lord
Derby's and her use, and other stipulations in favour of the gentlemen in the man-
sion, and clergy beneficed by the family.

But it is added, that on one of the Lathom commissioners breaking off the
treaty, because the cannon were not allowed to be removed, which was followed by
an Irish soldier swimming the moat, and betraying the state of the garrison, — a
peremptory summons to surrender on bare terms of mercy was accepted tumultu-
ously, the governor not being heard in a proposal to cut through the Parliament
forces. The conditions before-mentioned (in p. 211), nevertheless, seem to have
been granted.

It does not appear precisely when the Earl and Countess left Lathom for Man,
agreeably to Rupert's advice in June 1644. The London Post (see previously, p.
206) mentions the Earl being in the House in the beginning of September follow-
ing. An inaccurate idea seems to have been entertained by the journalists that
the Countess was in the fortress during this second siege, as shown by the remark
above. The Scottish Dove (No. 112, p. 887) observes, under the same impression,
Lathom " hath cost much blood at several times ; and it was a place that the

COLLECTION FOR MANCHESTER. 213

Oxford Serpent, Aulicus [Sir John Birkenhead, editor of that journal] hath much
gloried in, and highly magnified the valour of the Countesse of Derby, whose
.house it was ; who, it seems, stole the Earle's breeches, when he fled long since
into the Isle of Man, and hath in his absence play'd the man at Lathom ; but the
best man may be conquered, and so is Lady Derby."

Order of Parliament for a Collection for the Poor of Manchester.
9th Dec. 1645. (Husband's Collection, p. 768.)

" Whereas the Town of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, one of the first
towns in England that in this great cause stood for their just defence against the
opposition and attempts of a very powerful army, hath for a long time been so
sore visited with the Pestilence that for many moneths none were permitted either
to go in or to come out of the said town, whereby most of the inhabitants (living
upon trade) are not only ruined in their estates, but many families like to perish
for want, who cannot be sufficiently relieved by that miserably wasted countrey ;
It is therefore ordered that there be a collection for the poor of the said town, in
all the Churches and Chappels within the Cities of London and Westminster, and
lines of communication, upon the next Lord's Day, being the 14 of this instant
December, and the moneys so collected to be set down and subscribed on the back
of this order by the minister and other church officers within every Parish and
Place abovesaid, and by them to be paid unto Mr. Thomas Stone, Mr. Henry
Ashurst, Mr. James Waynwright, and Mr. Thomas Marckland, citizens of the City
of London, who are to convey the same with all possible speed to Mr. John Hartley
of Manchester, to be equally distributed amongst the said poor inhabitants, as
shall be agreed upon by the officers and chief persons of the said town of Man-
chester"

See also, respecting the miserable state of Manchester about this period, " the
only town untouched by the enemy, and the only town stricken of God," some
remarkable passages in Hibbert's History of the Public Foundations in Man-
chester, extracted from Queen Esther's Resolves, a Sermon on Esther iv. 16,
preached by Warden Heyrick before the House of Commons, on the fast day of
May 7, 1746, and in the King's Collection, British Museum. — Hibbert, i. 241.

Lancashire Forces removed from Lathom to Siege of Chester.

Perfect Diurnall, No. 124, 8-15 Dec. 1645.

Tuesday, Dec. 9 (p. 994). — Mention of the King being still in Oxford, making
" great preparations of horse once more to attempt the relieving of Chester," and of
letters from the leaguer mentioning scarcity of provisions in the city, and probable

214 SURRENDER OF ROYALIST FORTRESSES.

surrender within three weeks ; " and the better to prevent any relief comming to
them, the House of Commons, this day, on a letter from Sir William Brereton,
ordered that Col. Booth, with the Lancashire forces that were at the taking of
Latham, should joyne with Sir William against Chester, and that 2000 Horse and
Foot should be designed to lie in the way on this side Chester, in case any reliefe
should be intended."

The Lancashire forces accordingly marched to Chester, under the command of
Col. Booth ; " and such dispositions were made that the city was quite encom-
passed, nor was any place more straightly beleaguered." — Hist. Chesh. i. 207.

The defence nevertheless was protracted to Feb. 3, 1645-6, when Sir William
Brereton took possession. A day of public thanksgiving was appointed for Feb.
19, when a sermon was preached before the Lords of Parliament at St. Martin's
by Joseph Caryl (from Luke x. 20), which was afterwards published under the
title of Joy outjoyed, but does not contain any historical particulars.

Final Surrender of Royalist Fortresses.

Newcastle, June 10, 1646. — Royal Warrant to Sir Tho. Glenham, Sir Tho.
Tildesley, Cols. Washington and Blagge, Governors of Oxford, Lichfield, Wor-
cester, and Wallingford, and all other commanders of any Towns, Castles and
Forts, in our Kingdom of England, — to quit the same, and disband all their forces.
(Rushivorth, part iv. vol. i. 276 ; Clarendon, v. 417, ed. 1826.)

Lichfield, July 10, 1646. — Articles of Surrender between Walter, Lord Aston,
&c. (Commissioners named by Sir Tho. Tyldesley, Kt.) and the Parliamentary
Commissioners, on certified information " that the King hath no armye in the
field to the number of one hundred men, nor any one Garrison unbesieged." — Shaw's
Staffordshire, and Harwood's Lichfield, p. 34.

GOOD

SERVICE

HITHERTO ILL
REWARDED.

An Hiftoricall Relation

of eight yeers Services for King

and Parliament done in

and about Manchester and

thofe parts.

By Lieu: Col. John Rosworm.

LONDON:
Printed in the Yeer, 16 4 9.

adapter Xh

The Narrative of Lieut. Col. Rosworm, Principal Engineer of the

Garrison of Manchester, giving an Account of Transactions in which

he bore a part from 1642 to 1648 inclusive.

( Reprinted from the Original Tract, printed 1649.^

The following Tract, which is of great local interest, and of extraordinarity rarity,
was reintroduced to the public, in 1822, in a limited impression, from a MS. copy
of the same then in the possession of Mr. William Yates, and lent by him for the
purpose of publication to the editor of it, Mr. John Palmer of Manchester, archi-
tect, who prefixed an interesting account of the siege, compiled from scarce or
original documents.

If the present Editor had been unable to obtain access to a printed copy, it was
his intention to have used a transcript of one formerly in the library of the late
Dr. Ferriar, and which was the only copy that he had heard of, until the deficiency
was supplied by the kindness of Mr. Crossley. Under his permission, a transcript
has been made with literal exactness from an original printed copy of this rare
Tract, preserved in his extensive collection, by Mr. Henry Mere Ormerod, son of
the Editor, for the use of the present publication.

As to the unfortunate author of the Tract — a brave and skilful soldier, tried in
the German wars— it is sufficient to add to his own narrative, that his important
services were the fortifications of Manchester, Liverpool, and the passes of Black-
stone-edge, — a personal share in the battles or sieges of Leigh, Chowbent, Preston,
Wigan, Warrington, Manchester, Liverpool, and Nantwich. He had also the
almost exclusive direction of Manchester during the plague, in which he displayed,
amidst all his distresses and wrongs, fidelity incorruptible by the gold and promises
of Derby or Rupert, the latter of whom passed Rosworm untouched when he was
marching in fury upon Bolton and Liverpool.

The scope of this work only allows the Editor to add that several entries relative
to Rosworm's family occur in the registers of Manchester Collegiate Church, as he
is informed by Mr. Palmer, to whose kindness he is also indebted for the following
extract from the municipal accounts of Manchester. To these he adds the Orders
of Parliament in 1644, and a notice of President Bradshaw's Letter in 1649 (con-
firming the accuracy of Rosworm's statements), as well as Rosworm's own Petition
in 1651, from a broadside in the British Museum.

The references in the Index will also give an opportunity of testing the injured
engineer's accuracy, by comparison with the other accounts of the events in which
he bore a principal part.

To the

Honorable House

of Commons assembled in

Parliament.

Honorable Gentlemen,

This poore piece would gladly begge an houre
from You, at Your best leisure ; In it You will
see the multiplied wrongs, and sad Extremities
of a faithfull stranger. The honour of doing me justice
is reserved for You. When You read this, think such a
one Your Petitioner, as abhors all faithlesse and indirect
courses, and therefore must unavoidably perish without
Your sudden succour.

It is in You to prevent what I cannot but fear ; which
done accordingly, the Earth shall not bear a more thank-
full Remembrancer, than

Your most humble Servant,

John Hosworm.

F F

To the
Right Honourable

Thomas Lord Fairfax

Generall of all the Forces in
England and Ireland,

John Bradshaw

Lord President of England,

Oliver Cromwell

Lieutenant Generall of the Armies.

Right Honorable,

I Would it were not my unhappiness to see the day,
wherein I should trouble You with such a sad
story, as here I am bold humbly to present You.
In it you will see, the faithfulnesse of a Servant, the
Rewards of his Service, the Extremities he is in, and his
encouraged hopes of finding relief from you.

His Petitions, I hope, will shortly find your eyes, or
eares, or both : Oh let them not want your hearts, of
which I cannot doubt, if your leisure will suffer you to
peruse this naked Relation. I trouble you no more, but
with this onely addition, that I shall ever be a most
thankfull Historian of the reparation you shall afford me.
And be

Your most faithfull and
humble Servant

John Rosworme.

HISTORICAL L

Relation of Lieut. Coll.

Rosworms Service and
Rewards, since the first beginning

of these Wars.

THen certainly, if ever, may a man speak of his well
done Services, when either a just Relation of them,
may be the remedy of his present miseries, or a feeble
ease of his overburdened heart : both these at this
time have an influence upon me ; glad would I be, if the former
end might prove successefull. And truly why should I not hope
it ? But if Equity and Reason hath left England, if I and mine
must not starve, perish, famish, that have been a means to pre-
serve others from such dreadful ends, when they whom I served,
both can, and should, and may, and that most easily discharge their
obligations to me, and therein succour me. If it must be so, I
shall yet have a little ease in letting the world know both what I
have done, and how I have been dealt with ; in either of which if
I blot one line with a falsehood I make no question, but some of
my backfriends will labour to let as many see their teeth, as I desire
may see the truth. Which as briefly and orderly as I can, I shall
now begin.

Having at the beginning of the Irish Insurrection upon just
discontents forsaken that Kingdom, I came into England,
and particularly to Manchester, where I fastened my strangers

220

home ; I had not lived there three months, before the differences
of this Kingdom were heightned into a War, and all parts were
full of confusion. The Town of Manchester, amongst others,
apprehending a manifest danger of ruine, from the Earl of Darby
and his strength, who appeared for the King ; having none that
knew what belonged to military affairs, either for offence, or
defence, and having observed, and heard of me that I was bred up
in Souldiery from my youth, well skilled in Fortifications, nor
contemptibly furnished with all other military abilities : pro-
pounded and concluded with me a contract under hand and seal,
for half a yeer, engaging me by the utmost of my advice and skill,
to endeavour the security of their Town, and engaging themselves,
in consideration of my sendee for that time, to pay me 30 li. we
agreed accordingly. I must be bold to say, that my undertaking
of this Service (though for a poore reward) as it was not small in
itself; so it proved in the consequents as considerable, both to the
weakning of the Kings party, and the strengthning of the Parlia-
ments, as any action in that kinde, through the passages of that
yeer : for (let it be considered) foure for one in that Town, if not
more, favoured my Lord of Darby, and had publickly vowed to cut
my throat, if ever I attempted any works to keep him out. The
other party which favoured my undertakings, were full of fears,
and confusions, not knowing which way to turn themselves : the
Town in all it's entrances, open, and without any defence about it ;
A powerfull Enemy continually expected to come upon them,
which within three weeks of our Contract fell out : surely these
were circumstances, which might easily have made it lawfull to
fear, and in that fear to decline a service of this nature : But being
desirous to do the Town the best office, that either I could do, or
they could wish, I put my life in my hand, I over-looked all
dangers and difficulties, and undertook this Charge, which how I
have discharged, let the world judge.

By the way observe, that the very next morning after my Con-
tract, my Lord of Darby sent two Gentlemen to me, with 150 1.
as a Present from his Lordship, with an invitation to attend him

rosworm's good service. 221

at Latham, Twas easie to see what the drift of this kindnesse
was. But 30 1. if backed with my promise, contract, or engage-
ment, I have ever learned to value above all offers ; honesty being
more worth than gold. Returning therefore my thanks for the
Earls noblenesse, and the money with my thanks, I dismissed these
Gentlemen and addressed myself to my trust.

My first aime was to set up good Posts and Chains to keep out
the Enemies Horse ; which by the contrivance of a false Alarum,
and by the help of the Countreys coming in, upon the ringing of
the Bels backwards, devised purposely for this end, I safely per-
formed, though many tongues had doomed me to death, if ever I
attempted it. This was done upon Wednesday the 22 of September
1642.

Having by this devise drawn some armed men into the Town,
I earnestly pressed, that they might be carefully provided for,
heartned and encouraged ; for I was confident, that within lesse
than a week, that the Enemy would make a reall approach, and
then these men would stead us ; they took my advice ; and my
prediction fell out accordingly.

In that small time of preparation which I had, I fortified and
barricadoed up every streets end, with the addition of Mud-wals,
which were unfinished when the Earl came upon us, I advised how
our men should be assigned through each part about the Town ;
But Salford-bridge, the onely place of manifest danger, greatest
action, and least defence, upon others refusall, I undertook myself:
though by my engagements I was not bound to fight at all, but to
advise, and direct onely.

For this service Septemb. the 28, 1 I took with me 50 Musket-
tiers : we lay there till Munday without action.

Munday, Septemb. 27, I was necessitated to send 20 of my Mus-
kettiers to Captain Bradshaw at the Deans-gate which never

1 A typographical error, according to Rosworm's calculation, for 26th, but really for
Sept. 25th, all his dates of the Siege being one day in advance of the correct one. His
position on Salford Bridge, for instance, was secured on Sunday, Sept. 25, and Lord
Strange's assault commenced on Monday, Sept. 26. See pp. 44, 49, 52.

222 rosworm's good service.

returned : that afternoon, though thus weakened, I was numerously
assaulted : but through the goodnesse of him, who saved us, my 30
Muskettiers (having no Brest-work but a Chain) gave them a
sound repulse.

The next day, Septemb. 28, the Enemy plaid at us with his great
Peeces, which being a strange noise, and terrour to my raw men,
sixteen of them took their heels ; the rest, some for fear of my
drawn sword, others out of gallantry, resolving rather to dye, than
to forsake me, stuck close to me, and to the safety of their Town.
I was now few in number, but found some pitie from some other
gallant hearts, who voluntarily came in to my assistance, making
up my number 28. And this was my huge Army even then, when
I had not onely many Enemies without, but dangerous temptations
within to deal with. For the Enemy finding their assault not to
take successe, nor their Cannons to terrifie us, as at the first, seve-
rall parleys sore against my will, were sent into the Town :
whereof I gave my Souldiers a little notice, with incouragements
to stand out, to the utmost.

Particularly, Wednesday, Septemb. 29, the Earl offered upon the
delivery of some 100 Muskets to withdraw his Forces, and march
away. To back this offer, Collonel Holland understanding my
aversenesse, earnestly pressed me to condescend to the motion,
using withall these three Reasons. First, said he, we have neither
Powder nor Match. I confesse I had onely six pound of the one
and 18 fathome of the other : but this was onely known to my
self. Secondly, the Countreymen (said he, though falsely,) will
stay no longer, their own houses and goods lying open to the
mercy of the Enemie. Thirdly, said he, the Enemy is increased
in strength. With these arguments did he not only urge, but
almost command the embracing of the Earls Proposals. I related
these things to my Souldiers, who unanimously resolving never to
yeeld to my Lord of Darby, so long as I would stand out, and they
had an inch of Match, or a shot of Powder : my heart leaped at
such courage, and thereupon I peremptorily refused any terms
whatever. Which so passionately moved Collonel Holland, that

223

he left me in great anger and discontent. Immediately after this,
Master Bourne, an aged and grave Minister, came down to the
Bridge to me. I told him Collonel Hollands language, and the
dangerous concernment it tended to ; I advised him, that if he
desired to prevent the mischief which might ensue, he would imme-
diately walk to the Deansgate, and from thence to the other Cen-
turies, using his best encouragements to prop up their hearts
against any dangers ; and assuring them from me, that whereas
the Enemy now made no assaults but where I was, I was confident
with the help of Almighty God, and my few men, to defend it
against their whole Power, nor should they ever enter at my guard.
The heartned old man quickly left me, and followed my advice,
with such gravity and chearfulnesse, that I cannot but ascribe
much to it, as to the means of our preservation. Having thus pre-
vailed for a refusall of all terms, sent in by the Enemy, our height
of resolution to defend ourselves to the utmost was returned to the
Earl; who finding by our actions that we spake as we meant,
within 3 dayes after, withdrew this siege, and gave me leave with
about ten of my men in open view, to fetch away a great number
of good Arms from them.

Thus was Manchester freed from the danger of her first brunt ;
wherein how farre I was instrumental!, if impartiall men cannot
see, I will appeal from them to my Enemies ; If either can deny
me an acknowledgement, I am content the world should be blinde,
and what I have done should be buried : But was the safetie of
Manchester, the whole of Manchesters safetie ? He that shall view
in a Prospective the state of things at that time in the Kingdome,
must yet see more, my Lord of Essex had then at that instant no
great Forces, and those very remote from those parts. And surely
if the actions of Manchester had not sufficiently ballanced the Earl
of Darbies Forces, or had that Town yeelded either to his Assaults
or Proposals, Lancashire, and all those associated Counties had
been at his service ; and the whole Souldery therein at his dis-
posing; which with his own Souldiers would have made up at
least 9000 well armed fighting men, besides Horse. These joyned

224 rosworm's good service.

to his Majesties Body, who onely wanted Infantery, would have
made such an Army as in human reason could not have found an
opposition strong enough from all the Parliaments Forces, which
at that time could be brought together. These concernements I
onely touch at, because, though my heart would break, if I should
not let the world know, how I have served, and am served ; yet I
have no minde to draw my own picture. Onely one thing more
let me adde, to do my self a little right, since none else hitherto
have done. This Town was not onely a foyl to an assaulting
Enemy, but a strength, help, and Magazine to all the adjacent
Counties, as they stood engaged for the Parliaments service. But
of this enough.

The Earl of Darby having afforded me a vacancy by his depar-
ture, I throughly set my self to raise up my Works of Fortification
about the Town, during the residue of that half yeer, for which
my Contract was made : In which I did not onely prosecute that
to my utmost, by my directions, but having declared my judge-
ment, that unlesse we did something speedily against the Earl, he
would get head again, aud do us new mischief: We thereupon
gathered our Forces together, went out, and upon Decemb. 24 we
shattered the enemy at Shewbent, and the same night we took Leigh
by assault, returning again within three dayes. 1

I was now so observed for my faithfulnesse and successe, that
Januar. 2d following I was unexpectedly honoured with a Com-
mission from my Lord Wharton, to be Lieutenant Coll. of a Foot
Regiment to Coll. Ashton, with which Febr. 6 I was commanded
by Serjeant Major-General Beaton, to joyne with Coll. Hollands
Regiment, and to attempt Preston, which was accordingly taken
by assault, Febr, 8. 2 And afterwards at Serjeant Major Generall

1 Successive fights took place at Chowbent and Leigh, of which the first are noticed
in A True and Full Relation, p. 64, and the second in the Valley ofAchor, p. 125. Kose-
worm here refers to the latter.

8 Preston was assaulted a little before sunrise on the morning of Thursday, Feb. 9.
See pp. 71, 73. Kosworm dates the time Feb. 8, considering it to be in the night of
Wednesday.

rosworm's good service. 225

Sections, and the Deputy Lieutenant's request, was fortified by my
direction.

I kept this command of Lieutenant Coll. during the residue of
my half yeers service contracted for with the Town of Manchester,
which being now expired, they then observed, what they cannot
without shame remember now, that I was both trustie and suc-
cessefull. They were loath to for-go such a servant, and therefore
propounded new terms to me, offering me an annuity of 60 li. per
annum, to be paid 15 li. quarterly, during the lives both of my self
and wife, which should survive the longest, if I would by my
advice prosecute the finishing of their Fortifications, and the order-
ing of all Military affairs conducing to the safetie of the Town,
and upon all occasions be ready to give directions accordingly.
At the same time also they with the Deputy Lieutenants desired
me to accept of a Foot Company in the Garrison of Manchester,
engaging themselves to maintain it, as long as it was a Garrison,
and to pay me 40s. per week in part of my Captains pay, and the
rest was to go upon the publick Faith. I was pressed to accept
this so importunately on their part, and by one reason so strongly
within myself, which was, that by embracing the first of these
Proposals, I should not leave a desolate Widow without a poore
subsistence, in case a warlike end should befall myself, that I layed
down my Lieutenants Collonels Commission, and closed with their
Contract ; and is this circumstance nothing to chain these men to
their promises ? Those hearts certainly are deeply rooted in the
Earth, which Reason, Equity, Conscience, nay and shame, cannot
pull out with such ropes.

My Engagement being past, I returned to my Charge, enlarged
my Fortifications, left nothing unprepared, as time would permit,
which might not make an Enemy a strong work to attempt me.

Whilest I was prosecuting these things, I was sollicited, April
the 1, 1643, by the Deputy Lieutenants to attend and assist our
Forces, against Wigan ; for indeed the Souldiers declared them-
selves discontented, if I went not along with them. I went accord-
ingly, being loath that those should want any of my service, who

G G

226 rosworm's good service.

had afforded me such roome in their hearts ; nor were we without
a happy successe in our attempt, for by a gallant assault, chiefly of
Collonel Ashtons men, we took that strong town in less than an
houre. The Town being taken, to my best remembrance, we sent
500 Muskettiers of Collonel Ashtons men to secure Bolton, not far
from us. Whilest the Town was taken, the Enemy having for a
refuge observed and fitted the Church and steeple adjoyning for
their advantage, fled thither as many as could, and killed from
thence, I dare say, more men, after the taking of the Town, than
we had lost in the whole assault besides. Whilest we struggled
with this difficulty, an Alarum was sent us from the Enemy ; I
went speedily with some few Horse to view the state they stood
in. I found them onely three slender troops of Horse, who
observing us to present a resolute face towards them, they instantly
tried their heels, and gave us language enough in their disorder, to
tell us we need not trouble ourselves with such Enemies. I re-
turned with what hast I could, with the truth in my mouth, but
found Collonel Holland in such a shaking agony of fear, that he
was ready to march away with all our Forces, consisting of 2000
Foot, most part good Muskettiers, the rest Club and Bill men, and
to my best remembrance about 200 or 300 horse, besides eight
Peece of Ordnance, and no want either of ammunition or provi-
sions. And surely with this Force I durst have seen the face of
the greatest Enemies we had about us., though conjoyned at that
time. Having this confidence, I earnestly desired him not to leave
that Garrison so fearfully, that was won so gallantly ; or if he
would not stay himself, to leave me 500 Muskettiers, and one troop
of Horse, and clear me of the Prisoners, of which we had already
good store, and I would entertain any attempt of the Enemie, and
prosecute the rest of the service touching the Town, which was
yet unfinished. His answer was, Stay, that stay would, he nor
any of his men, either would or should stay. I could almost have
torn my flesh at this answer ; yet suppressing my passion, with
deep intreaties, and repeated perswasions, he was at length wrought
so farre, as to promise a stay till I had forced those who had pos-

rosworm's good service. 227

sessed the advantage of the Church steeple wholly to surrender ; I
having assured him that I would either do it, or otherwise in one
houreblowe them up, he gave me his hand to assure me of his stay.
I thereupon first summoned them, but in vain. I prepared for exe-
cution, the event whereof startling the Enemy, they all surrendered,
being 86 in number. But whilest I was receiving their Arms,
and making preparation for their Convoy, Collonel Holland (for
alas who can settle a trembling heart ?) marched away with all the
Forces, left me with one Company onely, (these also fearing their
inabilitie to deal with so many prisoners, forsaking me) engaged
amongst 400 prisoners, many good Arms, two great Peeces of
Ordnance, in the middest of a Town where generally all the
Towns-people were great Malignants. Being thus wholly for-
saken by all, I was forced first to run to finde my Horse, and then
to flie for my life, which in such a danger was most strangely
saved.

All that adhered to the Parliament through the whole King-
dome, and knew the circumstances of this assault, rejoyced at the
taking and supposed keeping of Wigan, as a considerable service ;
it being thought an impregnable piece, the enemies pride, and our
fear ; onely Collonel Holland seemed to be troubled that I perished
not in the action ; and therefore finding that I survived his treach-
erie in leaving me in the midst of so many enraged Enemies, as I
before shewed, did the best he could to destroy me and my family
a worse way. For presently upon the taking of that Town, as a
noble gratuity for that service, and yet saving my own life, the
40s. per week as part of my Captains pay (the onely main pillar
of my family expences) was by Collonel Hollands command, sub-
scribing 2 hands more for the countenancing of his unworthinesse,
taken away from me, upon this pretence, that I had not taken the
Covenant, and was suspended for above a yeer ; during all which
time notwithstanding, I was still kept in my employment.

I cannot forget that about that time, and many times since, I
received severall Letters of acknowledgement from some eminent
persons in the Kingdom, but I could feed neither my clog, nor my

228 rosworm's good service.

cat with them, much lesse my horses, which I have kept alwayes
at my own expences in the service, though afterwards upon second
thoughts some of my charges were allowed me : but as for my
family, who could not live upon the bare return of my expences, I
was compelled to trie an unhappy experiment, whether I could
feed them with I thank you. But enough of this.

Wigan service done, and undone, for which I was payed accord-
ingly, I came to my charge at Manchester, whence not long after I
was desired to ride to Lev&r-pool, to direct the Fortifications there.
I stayed there five dayes, without any reward.

March 11, after my return thence, I, besides many more out of
Manchester and the County, was summoned up by Warrant to
attend the Committee of Examinations upon the 1 5 of April next
after, and to give in our Informations touching Collonel Hollands
actions, where all this, and divers things more were justified to his
face, as his perfidious dealings at Wigan, his actions touching Mr.
Peter Heywood, and his eagernesse in urging me to deliver up
Manchester, when I kept, Salford-bridge at the first. But his great
friends in the house prevailed for his escape, accounting it perhaps
a sufficient punishment that he was so publickly shamed. Whereas
if I had been guilty of the like, I am sure the Law of Amies
would have condemned and executed me for bad service, that am
sought to be famished for good.

About July 4 after, the Earl of Newcastle with no small Force
made an angry approach towards Lancashire, our men were sent
out to oppose his passage, nor was I thought fit to be present at
this action. The issue was, our men were soundly beaten at
WisJced-hill in Yorkshire, and pursued into Lancashire by the
Enemy, who quickly also possessed himself of Hallifax, about 16
miles distant from us. When I had received this sad intelligence,
I informed myself of the nature of the passes, by which the Enemy
could most easily come in upon us ; and finding them capable of a
sudden Fortification, by the consent of the Deputy Lieutenants, I
quickly helped Nature with Art, strengthning Blackestone Edge,
and Blackegate, and manning them with Souldiers, to prevent the

R03 WORM'S GOOD SERVICE. 229

Earls dangerous approach, by which meanes being diverted, like an
angry storme with a gust, he went to the siege of Hull.

How considerable this diversion of so powerfull an Enemy was,
let reason judge ; for certainly, whereas he never reached his end
at Hull, if he had gotten in amongst us, we were not onely in a
manifest clanger of being overrun by an enraged Enemy, but all
parts within an ordinary distance would have felt the smarting
bitternesse of his heavy hands.

1643, Jan. 19 l following, I received order from Sir Thomas Fair-
fax to accompany his Forces to the relieving of Nantwitch, at that
time closely besieged by the Enemy. Where how I discharged
the trust reposed in me, I leave to the testimony of his Excellency,
whose name I shall alwayes remember with honour.

Nantwitch relieved, I repaired to my home, where I have with
my utmost skill nourished a company of vipers, who in recompence
would eat my bowels.

From thence I was once more, Aug. 16, 1644, commanded by
Sir John Meldrum to attend him to the siege of Leverpoole, which
continued full ten weeks. I there served as Master of the Ord-
nance, gave directions for divers Works. In a word, I failed not
in any thing which could be expected from me during the siege ;
it was surrendred Novemb. 4. 2 For all which, and many other ser-
vices, I am to this day unrewarded.

And now I come to my last actions, not a little conducing to the
great shame and dishonour of Manchester, and the farther evidences
of my own honesty*

After the siege of Leverpoole, the Parliament with a great Force
layed siege to York ; to raise this siege, Prince Rupert made an
hastie and a furious march, with a very great Army ; so that from
the beginning of these Wars, there were not two such numerous
Armies, nor so fiercely resolved each against the other, as met at
length upon the occasion of that siege ; Prince Rupert well noting
that there were two wayes to raise this siege, which was the whole
of his work and designe, the one by policy, the other by force, left

1 According to the present style, 1644 ; usually written 1643-4. See p. 154.
8 Liverpool surrendered on Friday, Nov. 1. See p. 207.

230 rosworm's good service.

nothing unattempted. His politicall method lay no where so
strongly for his end, as to corrupt me for the betraying of Man-
chester, wherein had he sped, YorJce siege would have raised of
itself. To effect this Prince Rupert joyned my Lord Byron to
himself in the transactions ; and having the advantage of one Mr.
Peter Hey wood, by his means laboured with me for the betraying
of the Town.

This Mr. Peter Heywood, who at this time sits at his ease, and
enjoy es his own, whilest I for want of it endure extreme miserie,
was a Captain in Lancashire for the Parliament, was often in our
private consultations ; and by holding intelligence with the Enemy,
did us much mischief. He went oft to Chester, Oxford, and other
Garrisons of the Enemie, discovering our secret results. This
being at length found out, and proved against him, he was secured
by the Committee ; and yet, without the consent of the rest of the
Committee, contrary to an Ordinance touching such cases, released
by Coll. Holland; two of his friends also being bound for his
appearance, which never were questioned, though he presently upon
his enlargement went to the Enemy, and was afterwards thought
the onely fit instrument to work me to this treacherie.

His method was, first to take advantage of the injurious and
most unthankfull vnworthinesse, which the Town had used towards
me, stirring those passions in me, which he knew were deeply pro-
voked. This done, he offered in the behalf of Prince Rupert, that
I should have a very great summe of money payed me in my hand,
before my delivery of the Town, that I should have great prefer-
ments under Prince Rupert ; besides the perpetuall obligations of
affection and honour from many most noble friends, which I should
look upon as purchased by the desert of such a seasonable and use-
full service.

I was not so little a fool, though I never meant to be a knave,
but I gave the propounder audience, gave some incouragement to
the businesse, so much as to fish out which way the Enemy would
lay his stratagem, and to secure myself from suspicion on their
part, appointed them a time of receiving their hopes. And I must
needs say, I could with more ease have sold them, man, woman

231

and childe, with all they had into their Enemies hands, than at
any time I could have preserved them. But, alas, I should then
have been a Manchester man, for never let an unthankfull man, and
a promise-breaker, have another name.

When I had found out the bottome of the plot, and searched out
the method of their intention, immediately I sent for six of the
chief Men of the Town, layed open the whole designe, told them
how to prevent the danger, laboured night and day to get our
Cannons to the Work, repaired our Mudwals, as well as time would
suffer. In a word, left nothing uncared for, which was necessary
to entertain an assault. But the Enemie having got some intelli-
gence of our actions by our treacherous friends, or homebred ene-
mies, when he had marched within one or two miles of Manchester
at his appointed time, having notice of an hot entertainment, in-
stead of Manchester, steared his course another way.

I must not forget here a new peece of wrong, Manchester and
the whole Kingdom received from Coll. Holland, at this time,
that very morning which I had discovered the plot, Coll. Holland
had summoned the souldiers of Salford Hundred, consisting of
almost 4000 Muskettiers to my best remembrance. He was de-
sired by us at Manchester, that these Souldiers might quarter in
or near the town, that they might assist us in times of danger :
But how were we answered ? He disbanded these men, went
away, left us to our selves, there being no established Souldiers in
the Town at that time : but that one single Company under my
command, and some few of Major Radii ffs Company, which, with
all that could be perswaded to look to the security of their lives
and livelihoods, made not up so many Muskettiers, as to double
our guards, much lesse reasonably to enable us against a resolute
enemies attempt. Nor was our distresse without many aggravating
circumstances, for besides the decay of our Mudwals, and the un-
mounting of our Cannons, we know not who to trust. The infinite
toyl, pains, and indefatigable industry, night and day, which I used
at this time, all that had eyes in that Town saw, and all that have
tongues can witnesse ; insomuch that the ablest, and richest of

232 rosworm's good service.

those who had engaged themselves for my Annuity, being over-
come with the consideration of my pains, and the shining evidences
of my fidelity, gave me deep protestations and promises, that if
ever the hand of Providence should lead them to peace again, and
that Trading might once again flourish, they would out of their
own private purses, enlarge my reward ; particularly foure of the
six to whom I first discovered the Enemies stratagem, specified
their summes. Mr. Johnson promised me 10 li. Mr. Gaskell 20 li.
Mr. Hunt 30. Mr. Hartly 40 li. yeerly, as long as I lived. But,
alas, when our distresse was over, which lasted a week, this smoke
vanished. The issue was this, that whereas Coll. Holland (who
ever hath been as you may see all along) the bountifull rewarder,
encourager, and furtherer of my good services) had suspended my
40s. per week, part of my Captains pay, for a whole yeer, they
drew a most importunate Petition to the House, for the arrears of
my pay, and continuance of it, for the time to come; recommending
me also for some noble gratuity agreeable to my deserts and quality.
This Petition begot me an order for my discontinued pay, and a
recommendation from the House to Manchester for my Annuity.
It was dated, Sept. 4. 1644. This being granted me, through
much importunity, and great expences on my part, my 40s. <per
week was payed me till Octob. 9. 1647.

1 shall onely add one more evidence of my faithfulnesse to this
ungratefull Town. The Summer after Prince Ruperts diversion,
it pleased God to lay his heavy hand of plague upon us, which,
ranging according to his direction, left no part unvisited ; becoming,
indeed, such a sad object, that our very miseries were as great a
guard to us against our Enemies, as the cries of them were strong
for a publick commiseration from our friends. The Pestilence in
a little time grew so hot, that it not onely occasioned most of the
richest to depart with their whole families, but moved also the
Warden and the other Minister to desire me with my family to
withdraw not far from the Town, that, if occasion were, I might
from thence readily serve the danger and extremities, which might
befall it from the Enemie : I think few men would have blamed

rosworm's good service. 233

me, if having stayed thus long, I had left the town upon such im-
portunitie. But conceiving myself as strongly tyed to look to the
goods and estates of those that were gone, as one of the Ministers
thought himself charged to look to the souls of those there re-
maining; I waved all fear, and resolved personally to serve my
trust, leaving my death to him, that once gave, and often before
had spared my life. And truly my resolution herein, I must be
bold to say, was not a little courtesie to this Town ; as both I fore-
saw how things would, and afterwards did come to passe. For
Major Ratcleifs and his Company having withdrawn, and quartered
themselves without the works for fear of the plague, myself having
onely 12. Muskettiers, whose hearts stood fixed to run my hazard,
the poore, many of whom were at the pest-houses without, and the
rest within, entered into a dangerous combination, with about a
dozen of the middle sort of men, that were within, to take advan-
tage of our weaknesse and nakednesse, and to seize upon the whole
riches of the Town, which at that time was very great. In the
prosecution of this villainy, they wanted neither secresie, unanimity,
nor craft. Not secresie, for till their designe was ripe, I had no
knowledge of it; which argues also their unanimity. As for their
craft, a man would have thought some minor Jesuite had been of
their counsell. They had prepared, forsooth, a kind of Declaration,
zeal to the safety of the Town, solicitousnesse to see it so naked,
and unfit to oppose an Enemy, were the embroidered coat of this
pretty brat ; and to make up all, they added a resolution to stick
to King and Parliament, and to use the whole fruits of their at-
tempts to serve the Publick : and I, forsooth, had the honour to
be nominated their chief Commander. I had at this time taken
physick, but my Serjeant, Mr. Beirom the elder, having discovered
the plot to some in the Town, who quickly came to advise with
me. We with some few others, which we sent for, agreed upon
this as the suddenest remedy, that the twelve chief conspirators,
should be severally sent for into one roome, at one time, and after-
wards severally examined, which accordingly was done ; their
examinations remaining still upon fyle in Manchester. Whilest

H H

234 rosworm's good service.

these things were doing, I gave order for my 12 Muskettiers pri-
vately to attend me, with whose assistance having secured these
heads, the conspiracie vanished into smoke, which otherwise would
have set all on fire.

The plague being ceased, and the chief inhabitants of the Town
returned, a man would have thought that this last Evidence of my
faithfulnesse alone, should have wrought these men, if not to thank-
fulnesse, yet to honesty : But who can white a Blackmore ? or
make a rope of sand ? Their brows were brasse to all intreaties,
their affections flints to all reason, their hearts rocks to all pitie,
and their consciences adamants to all obligations, even still my
Annuity was kept from me ; which aggravating my many debts
and wants to the height of extremitie, in hope of relief, I repaired
to London. Where prevailing not for a redresse, in three quarters
of a yeers attendance, with my boy and two horses, at very great
expences; at length (it being true that Magister artis ingeniiq;
largitor venter), it came into my head, to print an angry Paper,
the Copie whereof I have here inserted.

A sad Complaint of Lieutenant Collonel John Bosworme, against
severall of the Inhabitants of Manchester.

I POST and send abroad this to the deserved shame of the
Townsmen of Manchester, whose names are under-written,
whose heathenish, most unworthy and perfidious dealings, if I could,
I would publish to the end of the world : my complaint is this, let all
Readers judge, When the Town of Manchester, at the beginning of
these Wars, was in a most desperate danger and extremitie by reason
of the Enemie, I (who have been a known Souldier in Forrain parts)
was then looked upon as a serviceable man for the safety and pre-
servation of that Town, and was accordingly compounded with by
those under-written in the towns behalf, to fortifie the said Town,
and in a word, to mannage all Military affairs tending to their
safety and preservation. In consideration of which, they obliged
themselves, under hand and seal, to pay me quarterly, every quar-

rosworm's good service. 235

ter of a yeer 1 5.1i. during the lives of my self or wife, which should
live longest ; adding with all such Solemn Protestations and Vowed
Engagements of farther thankfulnesse, that, considering their pro-
fession of holinesse above other men, it might easily have wrought
an hope in a credulous man, that they would be more than honest.
But all that glistered was not gold ; for see the issue. I discharged
my Engagements to the utmost of a man, yea to the utmost of
their hopes. Their Town was secured, themselves preserved,
through Providence, my great pains, industry, and uncorrupted
Faithfulnesse. In the prosecution of my trust, I incurred frequent
and most manifest dangers of my life, from* which my escape hath
been a matter both of their wonder and their joy ; of all which I
have their own acknowledgements to produce, and testifications of
their thankfulnesse so deep, as if they had looked upon me, as the
onely earthly Landlord of their lives : All this, notwithstanding,
these men (if they deserve so good a name) conceiving themselves
to have no other use of me have for this 12. moneths with-held
from me my dearly earned stipend, broken their covenants, slighted
their engagements, opposed all fair motions, and frequent entreaties
of my own, refused all ministeriall exhortations, earnestly and
often pressing their dutie herein upon them ; despised all requests
and letters of publick and private eminent persons, not onely
mending them of, but reproving them for their backwardnesse, I
may say perfidiousnesse ; so that, if I were not beholding to a more
bountifull Providence, then what runs in their honesty, I and mine
might rot, perish, starve, or famish, whom by their obligation, as
well as the common obligations of Equitie, they are bound to
relieve ; what ingratitude this is, let the world judge ; yea, judge
yourselves, ye worst of men ; did I hazard life, limbs, and all that
was dear to me, and do the richest of you grudge me a few
shillings by the yeer, to buy me and mine food: is this your
equitie ? have you ingaged your selves solemnly for my satisfac-
tion, and now do you deny it me to my destruction ; Is this your
honesty? would you, indeed, murder me, my wife and children
after the highest manner of cruelty, that under God have been a

236 rosworm's good service.

means of preserving you alive ? What ! is no other death fit for
me but famishing ? have you no easier way to show your unthenk-
fulnesse then that ? are you so hard hearted to a stranger, so per-
fidious to your obligation, so unthankfull for curtesies, such obstinate
enemies of reason and equitie ? do you professe yourselves ashamed
to see me, and can you read this without blushing ; ye Adamants,
can ye indeed be so flintie ? Well, be so for ever, finde out the
utmost bounds of ingratitude, be matchlesse in your treacherie ;
set the Devill himself a Copie, that you may be the most infamous
men of your generation, and when you have done, triumph in this ;
That your Consciences are made of such steel, as can be touched
with nothing. As for me, the utmost of your cruelty shall, I hope,
reach no farther than to cause me to be angry with myself, that I
have ever hazarded my blood for such despicable earth-worms :
But withall, let me tell you, I hope I shall finde out a way to make
you pay me against your wills, nor shall your dishonestie for ever
help you.

To conclude (for I know though your brows be Basilsico-proof,
yet you could be content I should end this language), if ever you
stand in need of the faithfulnesse of a man again, may you meet
with none that will trust you, better than you deserve, for since
you have in my case, manifested your best profession to be but
hellish dissimulations, what man after me, will ever credit you ?
who will ever free me from this reproach of being the last credu-
lous fool that ever you shall abuse ? If any thing here seem either
to your selves or others too sharp, I shall shortly cleer your eye-
sight, and present you with a larger looking-glasse, wherein you
shall see (if you will not shut your eyes) Circumstances enough,
which will more fully discover your bruitishnesse not onely to your
selves, but to all that will take the pains to observe your most de-
testable unworthinesse, so farewell.

The names of those unworthy Covenant-breakers in Manchester,
who have sealed and subscribed the Covenant in behalf of them-
selves and the whole Town.

237

Rich* HeyricJc Tho. Lancashire

Will. Radelyff Richard Lomax

Rich. Haworth Edward Johnson

Rouland Hunt Lawrence Owen

John Harily Robert Lewer

John Gaskell Nich. Hawet

Edw. Holbrooh Mich. Buxton

Roger Worthington Rap. Wollen

Richard Meare Hugh H. Williams

Henry Bradshawe William Dean

Thomas Ellingworth Thomas Mynshall

Lond.May9, 1648.
The shame of this Paper, which the bitternesse of my condition,
and the unworthines of their dealing, forced me to Print, together
with the concurrence of the Scottish advance, from which they
feared danger, occasioned them to recall me from London, and to
pay me my then Arrears.

But this storme being over, they again most shamelessly slighted
their Engagements ; and therefore being utterly worn out with
the vexation of their usage, and finding nothing to work, I sent
them a Letter dated Octob. 11, 1648, desiring their leave that I
might seek imployment where I could, and look after a means of
subsistence elsewhere, since their hearts were such, that they could
suffer me, my wife, children, and family to perish before their
eyes, who for six or seven yeers had been an evident Instrument of
keeping them, their wives and children from the same end. For
this purpose, I sent them inclosed the form of a testimony to be
subscribed ; the result of all was, I neither could get pay, nor tes-
timoniall : what is this, but as much as to say in other words, For
all the good service you have done us, we will keep you here, and
famish you ?

I have now done my story, what's behinde must be for Applica-
tion. And first I shall begin with those undertakers of Manchester,
who first engaged me ; and first, and last, and all along, have
almost equalled my services with their wrongs.

238 ros worm's good service.

My Masters.

For it hath been my unhappinesse to have been your servant.
Give me your leave a little.

(If you have any roome in your memories for any thing but
debts) you may well remember the confusions, fears, and extre-
mities, you were in, when you first desired my service ; what a
strong Enemy you expected from without, how divided within,
how weakly provided, and unable against either ; insomuch that
my Engagement in your service, was as much the wonder of your
Enemies, as the preservation of your selves so far as may be
ascribed to a means. Having undertaken your service, you may
remember, if you please, the dangers I exposed myself to, beyond
my covenant, the offers which I refused from many, the difficulties
I ran through, the vigilancy and care which I used, the faithful-
nesse which I discharged, my sticking to your estates during the
plague, when most of you (which was strange) forsook them your-
selves; and the successe of all through my whole service. You
may remember too, what me thinks you have forgotten, that I had
your hands and seals for a poore annuity, besides the voluntary
additionall promises from some of you of 10 li. from another, 20 li.
from another, 30 li. from another, 40 li. yeerly as long as I lived,
flowing from the sense of my care and faithfulnesse, once visible in
Manchester, but now removed beyond the Indies. But, I pray
you, my masters, suffer your servant to reason with you. Was I
once thought worthy of so much ? And now have I not deserved
my poore wages of you ? that have kept for some of you such vast
estates ? Do you still grudge me the yeerly proportion of a few
shillings, that have kept for you so many pounds, so many thou-
sands ? Have I exposed myself for your safety, to the danger of
sword, and plague, and will nothing content your boundlesse in-
gratitude, unlesse with-all you throw me and my whole family into
the jaws of famine ? You have been thought men of conscience,
why could no ministeriall exhortations prevail with you, often
propounded and urged upon you for that purpose? You have
professed your selves the Parliaments devoted servants, why was

239

their recommendation slighted ? You would not be thought un-
civill, why were my Lord Generals letters so little regarded ? You
would not be reported as shamelesse, why did shame force you to
a piece of your duty, upon the sight of my printed Paper inserted
before ? whereas now again like the dogge, you are turned to your
vomit. You complain of others for want of justice, why have you
used so little to me ? You pretend a great deal of care of your
credit, why have you suffered your words, hands, and seals to be
wounded ? Religion bids you be courteous to strangers, why have
you dealt thus unmercifully, yea most cruelly with me? who
though a stranger, have been more then a brother, and have then
stuck to you, when for fear you have fled from your selves. Equity,
reason, yea self-love, requires you to be thankful for courtesies,
having forgotten all these obligations, I favour you too much if I
sa y y° u are out of your wits, for then you will be somewhat ex-
cused; whereas, if you will be thought otherwise, you cannot.
When your fears had rendred you heartlesse, my undertaking
your service, and lively encouragements revived you ; when you
have been compassed with your enemies, my service hath been your
freedome ; when you have slept, I have been watching for you ;
when you have stretched yourselves upon your soft beds, I have
made the cold earth my lodging ; when instead of cloaths to keep
me warm, I have been wet round with the rain ; I did not envy
these things to you, I did not refuse these things for you. I might
say much more, if I were not resolved to have this advantage of
you to be able justly to say, I might have said more if I pleased.

But how have you dealt with me ? "When in my distresses I
have made my moan to you for my dearly earned stipend, your
ears were deaf, your hearts pitilesse, my wife and children could
not find the way to your bosomes, though you and yours have not
wanted large roome in mine. What was your meaning, were you
ambitious to be the most notable men in all the earth for cruel
unthankfulnesse ? If so, I will do my best to procure you the
honour, as far as my few languages will reach, you shall not fail ;
or was it because in your actions to me you would shew your

240 rosworm's good service.

selves honest men ? You have done it indeed, ask your consciences
else, and they will tell you so ; because none else will. Or was it
your purpose to force me to flie the Kingdom, and to leave my
wife and children to your Parishes charitie, when both the husband
of that wife, and the father of those children, could finde so little
of your justice, equitie or honestie. Perhas 'twas this : but yet
methinks having some subtiltie of apprehension, you might have
thought, that he that was no traitor to your bowels, would not be
a traitor to his own. Sure then your ayme was I should be driven
to rob by the high- way, and violently to take from others what
should be the support of my familie. And yet me thinks you
could not think this, seeing that you well knew that I have ever
been carefull of my honestie even to you, who have failed to me.
How then should I be injurious to such, whom perhaps I have
never seen, when I have not wronged you, that have so sore pro-
voked me ? You know I have ever laboured to keep others from
plundering, how then should I practise it myself? But perhaps
you are still of that judgement, however you use me, that certainly
some miracles would be manifested from heaven, before a man that
had served you so faithfully should want, though you should give
me nothing. If these were your thoughts, then by your confession
I must look for miracles, before you will be honest ; and if that
follow after, 'twill be the greatest miracle of all : if none of these
are right guesses, for my part I am at a losse, help me out, and
then you shal hear more ; till then I leave you.

Having done with these, I shall keep that order in my debates,
which I observe in my wrongs. Manchester was first, and the
Parliament in its late state was next, to them must I be bold to
say a little.

To the Honorable House of Commons, sitting till the year 1648,

and particular to the Members for Lancashire.

Honorable Gentlemen:

"V TOXJ neede not be put in minde, I hope, that whatsoever I did

JL for Manchester, reacht at length to yourselves, and from you

rosworm's good service. 241

to the whole Kingdom. It hath been easie for many impartiall
eyes to see, that my actions at Manchester in the beginning were
the verie hinges, whereupon the War turned ; for had not my
Lord of Darbies Forces been boldly opposed, and at length utterly
crushed, by the activity, boldnesse, and successe of those Forces,
with which I alwayes personally served (where mentioning myself
alone, I desire not to rob any other of their due honour) half an
eye may see in humane reason, what condition you had been
brought to, successe at first being that which both animated and
encreased your friends.

I must not here forget, any point of right or honour which was
shewed me, for I suppose that public testimony, which was given
of my stirring, vigilancy, faithfulnesse and successe, begot me
unexpectedly my Lord Whartons Commission to be Lieutenant
Collonel to Coll. Ashton. Which command how I used, till I layed
it down, I have touched before, and can confidently leave to any
that knew my actions. But I beseech you forgive me, if as
modestly as freedome forced from misery, will give me leave, I
speak something also of yours.

Having laied down my Commission of Lieutenant Collonel, I
degraded my self into a Captain, that I might be the fitter to dis-
charge my trust to Manchester, and to attend your service there,
where it was of most concernment. I was content to take 40s.
per week in part of my Captains pay, and the rest upon the Pub-
lick Faith ; and this with the poore addition of my Manchester
annuitie, was the whole livelihood of my wife, children and family.
But as Manchester suspended the one, so your selves at length sus-
pended the other ; upon which being deprived of all means of sub-
sistence, I addressed two Petitions to your House, all which were
worn out in some of your pockets, and myself at length after almost
12 months expectation, dismissed with this, That my Petition was
but a private businesse, from a private man, and the Parliament
would not looke upon it ; but yet I must acknowledge, I was
allowed from you a little money, not so much as would bear my
charges of attendance.

1 1

242 rosworm's good service.

Forgive me now a little freedome ; when I did you service, I
was a publick man ; was I altered because I came in my great
miseries to petition for my wages ? especially having forborn you
so long, that I ran in debt for the bread which I did eat, as still I
do ? Or if I were not that Bosworme which served you, as actively,
faithfully, and successefully as any, must I, because private, perish
for want of justice, when I hope you will grant I should not famish
for want of pitie ? Private men that were to pay money, I hope
were looked after ; why not private men, that were to receive ? If
the receiving were a publick advantage, surely paying was a pub-
lick duty. But did no private men find a redresse from you, for
almost 12 months ? Nay, did no private men in this time receive
extraordinarie gratuities, which I also was one recommended for,
though as yet I want my pay ? You can tell. Had you not one
half houres time to consider my deep extremities, able, if I and
they were well known, to move a stone ? What ? not so little
time for me, that have spent dayes, nights, months, yeers so many,
so much time, to support that power and wealth by which you
were to relieve me ? I have observed a Motto about your English
Coynes, Justitia firmat thronum ; the want of this is the mother of
all the changes and revolutions in the world ; the corruption of
this unsetled the Kingdome at first ; the corruption of this pull'd
down yourselves ; and the corruption of this, if not seasonably
looked into, will ruine all. Were they not your solemn profes-
sions at your first sitting, that having felt the weight of oppression
and injustice from others, the bent of your counsels and actions
should be, that Justice might be impartially done to all ? Did you
not with professions to this purpose, fish for hearts, and catch thou-
sands ? and could you so easily neglect the doing of justice to one
of your faithfull servants, especially when it would have gotten
you the additionall honour of another vertue, viz. shewing of pitie ?
But you were busied about the Publick. Be it so ; yet me thinks,
you could not but see, what I heard a mean man once observe, that
the administration of private justice is a publick good ; how else

243

could that be true, that Justitia firmat thronum t But I was a
stranger ? I pray you how many of your own Nation betrayed
you, whilest I stood firm ? How many of them would have be-
trayed you, when they could not ; whereas I would not, when I
could, though I had strong temptations ? How few did you better
service moving in no higher a sphear ? How manie forsook you
upon easie trials, when I stuck to you against all ? If it be a
granted principle that I must be slighted, because a stranger, yet
sure I should have been regarded, because a good servant : what
could you imagine I should do ? I had spent, sold, and pawned,
all that I had, except what I onely mean to part with, when I part
with life. I was, and am still, as deeply plunged into debt, as my
friends would give me leave. I had a wife and children, which
though you would not look after, yet I could not so easily forget,
how did you think I should subsist ? How should these be fed ? I
had no skill to trade, no art to begge, no heart to rob ; did you
ay me that my miserable necessities should force me that which my
soul loaths ? Did I hate in my heart, forbear in my practise, re-
strain in my Souldiers all kinde of plundering, even then when we
had taken Towns, and might have done it under the colour of war,
all which tended not a little to your honour, that you had such a
servant. And could that be thought good dealing, to necessitate
me, for want of my deserved pay, to raise provision for my deare
wife and children, by my violence to others. But you knew not
my wants ; one of your number, who, it is to be supposed, knew
your mind, said I was a private man, and you would not look upon
my Petition, as much as to say, you would not know them. Be-
sides, when one had done good Service to a State long since, you
know that a voluntary inquirie was made ; what honour had been
done to the man for all this ? And indeed what honour ? yea,
what justice ? yea, what injustice, rather ? For, alas, how can I
say lesse, under the sense of such a languishing condition ; the very
grief whereof, being beyond the anguish of all my wounds, hath
lately thrown me into an extreme sicknesse, and that to the edge
of my grave. I shall much wonder, if now at length, upon the

244 rosworm's good service.

view of your failings, I should not see my redresse, and know my
helpers, which accordingly succeeding, I shall not fail to give the
world as thankfull a testimony as in this I have given true.

John Rosworme.

*** As the errors of press copied in this reimpression from the original edition
are more glaring than in the other Tracts — as for instance Basilsico, brmtishnesse,
Radelyff, &c. in pp. 236-7, — it is proper to notice that this is a literal reprint.
The errors which relate to dates of events are marked in the notes.

Documents illustrative of Roseworm's Statements as to the non-payment
of his Salary, &c. by Manchester.

No. I. — First Order in favour of Roseworm by the House of Commons.
" Die Mercurii, Septembris 4, 1644.
" Ordered, that Lieutenant Colonel Roseworme shall have his pay as Lieute-
nant Colonel, so long as he did the duty of that place in the Regiment of Colonel
Asheton. And that the forty shillings per week formerly paid to him as Captain,
and all the arrears of it, be forthwith paid out of the public monies to be raised in
the County of Lancaster ; and so to continue during such time as he shall be in
the publick service in that County : and for the rest of his pay as Captain, the said
Lieutenant Col. Roseworme shall have the Publick Faith. And it is further
recommended unto the Town of Manchester not to fail in the paying of him the
Sixty Pounds per Annum, according to their former Covenants with him." — Jour-
nals of the House of Commons, 1644, p. 617.

No. II.

July 7, 1649. — A letter from President Bradshaw to " the Town of Manchester
and particularly for those who contracted with Lieut. Col. Roseworm," recom-
mending, in the name and by order of the Councell of State, speedy payment to
the bearer, " by birth a stranger, and unable to present his complaints in the ordi-
nary legall forme," as entitled by thorough performance to the discharge of what
is due to him by contract and promise, with good cause for an addition thereto,
but none for backwardness in withholding payment. — Printed in Hibbert's History
of the Collegiate Church, i. 394, from a letter in Barrett's Collections, with some
remarks on the hostility shown to Rosworm, as arising from his refusal to take
the Covenant.

245
XLL

No. III. — To the Supreme Authority of the Common Wealth of England,
assembled in Parliament. 1

The Case of Lieut. Coll. Rosworme.

1. In the infancy of the late Troubles, he approved himself cordiall and faithfull
to the Parliament, and did .them eminent service in defending the Town of Man-
chester against the Earl of Darby and the King's forces, which he successfully
performed, to the wonder both of friends and foes.

2. He prosecuted that success to the utter subduing of the Enemy in all that
County.

3. In all the passages of his service he cannot be touched in the least degree
with freequarter, plunder, or any one act of unfaithfulness or injustice.

4. He hath refused great offers of money and preferments from the Enemy, and
resolutely opposed all wayes used to corrupt his fidelity.

5. He hath upon all occasions readily performed all requests and commands,
tending of the advancement of the publicque service and safety.

6. The Town of Manchester for his remarkable and faithfull Service did settle
upon him an annuity of 60 li. per annum for his and his wife's life, which was
payd the two first years, but since that time they have neglected payment thereof,
and now lastly for these two years together, wherein he hath not received one penny,
notwithstanding the recommendation of the House in an Order dated Sept. 4,
1644, and the speciall request of the Councell of State, in a letter dated July 7,
1649, nor can he recover it at law, not being a free denizen.

This business hath been examined by a Committee of the Councell of State and
found true, and they further find that the sum of 776 li. and 15s. is undue to him
for his arrears, of which the Councell of State to supply his necessities have paid
him 30 li.

He hath attended above two years for relief, which hath cost him above two
hundred pound, which he hath taken up on Credit, and is brought to so low a con-
dition that he, his wife and children, had perished, if they had not been relieved by
strangers, which he takes the more to heart, that he upon many grounds observeth,
that his relief is retarded and obstructed by the malicious underminings of some
masked enemies of the common wealth, whose treachery he hath most clearly
manifested in a little narrative printed in August 1649, whom, if they dare to
appear with an accusation, he desireth to answer.

There hath been a Report on his behalf from the Councell of State, ever since
1 Decemb. 1649, for his Relief.

His humble suit is that you will further the speedie reporting of the business,
and his Relief as you shall find just. July 1651.

1 From a broadside, Br. Mus. with date in MS., as in other King's Tracts.

246 ACCOUNTS RELATING TO ROSWORM.

No. IV. — Extracts from an old Book of Accounts of the Town of Manchester,

in custody of the Boroughreeve.

[Communicated to the Editor by Mr. Palmer.]

- 00

- 01

- 02

William Jackson, Richard Meare, Michael Buxton, and Henrie Dickenson,
Constables of Manchester, from 14th Nov. 1644, to the last of Feb. 1645 (1645-6.)
1644.

s. d. Pd. Mr. Roseworme, 21st December 1644 - 10 00 00

Jan. 25, 1644-5.

Pd. Mr. Gaskell, 1644, for money sent unto Mr. Roseworme 05 00 00
March 4, Paid Mr. Wrigley in full of a lay charged on our con-
stables, being our proporcon. of 3000 lbs. upon ye
countie for y e souldiers which lay before Lathom 38 12 07

„ 11 Pd. Mr. Roseworme - - - 10 00 00

The following items occur : —
9 Gall, beer
8 Horses 1 night -
207 lb. cheese
April 8 (1645)

Pd. Mr. Gaskell which was sent Mr. Roseworme - 05 00 00

Pd. Piersevall, for work done at the gates at Market Steed

lane end -
Pd. Matthew Symcocks, appointed receiver at Lathom -
June 10 Pd. Mr. Roseworme for quartridge
Pd. Mr. Roseworme his Lieutenant
Pd. Mr. Roseworme his drummer -
Sept. 18 Pd. Mr. Roseworme for work done about the ordenance
and the mount -

26 Pd. Mr. Roseworme -
Dec. 6 Pd. Mr. Roseworme -

19 Pd. Mr. Studdert, appointed collector for the Irish lay for

a twelve month - - - - 18 14 00

Pd. Capt. Binch, appointed collector for ye Northerne
association -----
Pd. Capt. Booth, collector for the Scotts lay -
1645-6, Feb. — Pd. in the time of the visitation, 1 for which we have
given accompt to the Justices

Total amount of payments - - 1506 04 04

Total amount of Receipts, including £918 00 00 re-
ceived from the County in the time of the visitation 1470 03 10

918

Balance - - - 36 00 06

1 The visitation (I apprehend) was the sickness or plague with which the town was
at that time visited. — J. Palmer.

ACCOUNTS RELATING TO ROSWOR». 247

Perused and allowed the amounts above, 29th October 1646,
by us,

John Lancashire,
Edward Johnson,
John Gaskell,
Kowland Mosley,
John Marler.

7 Oct. 1646. — James Lightbowne, Robert Hill, Robert Cocker, and Samuel
Hamer, Cunstables of Manchester.

Extracts from the Receipts.
„ Rec d . of his fellowe C unstable Mr. Nichollas Hawet,

towards Mr. Roseworme's q d ridge, due 6 Sept. last - 09 19 6
20 Recd. of Mrs. Griffin, which was left in her late husband's

hands for Townes use, towards Mr. Roseworme - 10 04 6

Dec. 11. Rec d . of Mr. John Hartley, which was remaining in his
hands of Monies due to y e Towne towards paying Mr.
Rosew. - - - - - 05 08 4

Extracts from Payments beginning
Octob. 8, 1646.

20 Paid Mr. Roseworme till y e 6th day of Decemb. next
Dec. 11 Pd. Mr. Roseworme -
Mar. 6 (1646-7) Pd. Mr. Roseworme
July 6 Pd. Mr. Roseworme

The Balance at the end of the Year was

The Accounts were passed October 28, 1 647.

Another account book of Roger Nield and John Roberts (constables, 1647-8)
does not give any further information on this subject ; and no book occurred, on
examination of these documents, between the last-named period and October 1655.
— Information of Mr. Palmer.

248

adapter XM.

engagement or declaration of the lancashire regiments, previous
to Hamilton's irruption — march of the scotch forces, etc.
southwards, through north lancashire, leaving lancaster

besieged by tyldesley battle of preston, and rout of hamilton

flight ok langdale and the other royalist leaders south-
wards movements of monro and tyldesley northwards sur-
render of appleby castle and the lancashire royalists to col.
ashton disbanding of the lancashire militia subsequent dis-
tress and pestilence in the county.

MAY 1648— -MAY 1649.

XLII.

The Engagement or Declaration of the Officers and Souldiers of the
County Palatine of Lancaster. Together with their Letter to the
Reverend Ministers of the several Hundreds of that County,
desiring them to publish the said Declaration in their Parish
Churches, as also the present state and condition of that County,
certified in a Letter to a well-affected Citizen in London. Printed
May 19, 1648.

Sir,
I have inclosed sent you a copy of the declaration of our Soul-
diers ; how far it is owned you may discern ; at the next generall
meeting it is expected to be signed by all. We are gathering into
a body for our own defence ; and if the news which came last night
be true, the enemy is marched into our County with a body of
Horse. Our Souldiery apprehend themselves in great straights ;
for if the army come down, and they joyn with them to suppresse
the Cavaliers, they fear and are very jealous that the army will
afterwards fall upon them and suppresse them. I cannot tell, but

DECLARATION OF THE LANCASHIRE REGIMENTS. 249

it is conceived by many well affected to the cause we first engaged
in, that if the Parliament do not new-modell the army, and dis-
place such as are generally odious to the Kingdom, there will
scarce ever be an happy peace and settlement in the nation. For
should the Presbyterian party and the sectaries joyn to suppresse
the common enemy, it is (I say) very much to be feared they
would afterwards clash one with another: for when those that
adhere to the Covenant are put into a posture of defence, they will
never (I am confident) lay down arms to become tame slaves to the
Sectaries, who for all their specious pretences and flattering propo-
sals, have not hitherto really acted one thing whereby our distrac-
tions may be removed, and truth and peace, which is the desire of
all good men, may be perfectly accomplished. We are here won-
derfully inquisitive after your affairs in the City : we say here,
that if you act vigorously and improve all fair means and opportu-
nities, as every day God now begins to put into your hands, you
will give life to the whole kingdom. I beseech you in your next
acquaint us what is done in altering your Militia, whether the City
have the Tower in their possession. If you be not more active
then some represent you in their letters, we fear that you are onely
doing what will serve to justifie your enemies in destroying of
you : but I hope better things, which is the daily prayer of
Your most faithfull and most affectionate
Friend to serve you.

Gentlemen,
The too frequent declension of many that pretend to religion
from their first principles, the misunderstanding and diverse inter-
pretations of our solemn League and Covenant, as it may suit to
private interests, and the general apostasy of the age we live in,
together with the grievous aspersions under which we suffer, hath
informed us to present you with this inclosed Declaration, wherein
we know well the weakness of our Language, and the miscarriages
that may be in the stile. But we intreat you to take well the inte-

K K

250 DECLARATION OF THE LANCASHIRE REGIMENTS.

grity of our intentions in conscience of our duty ; and much desire
if you think fit to publish it in your congregations, to the satisfac-
tion of all to whom it may come, of our fidelity, and we shall
remaine,

Your very affectionate friends and servants,
Nich. Shuttleworth J. Butterworth

Hugh Bradshaw Alex. Tompson

Ughtred Shuttleworth Samuell Birch

James Chantrell William Emott

Richard Radclyffe William Waller

John Ashurst William Gardner

Henry Porter Thomas Westmor

George Key George Cranage

W. West

Bolton, May 9, 1648.

For the Reverend the Ministers in the severall Hundreds of the
County Palatine of Lancaster.

The declaration of the Officers and Souldiers of the County
Palatine of Lancaster.

Whereas, we lately the Officers and Souldiers of the County
Palatine of Lancaster, having to our best knowledge behaved our-
selves as becomes loyal subjects and faithfull souldiers and servants
of God, King, and Kingdom, are on the one hand aspersed as
Malignants and Enemies to the state, and fit to be disarmed ; and
on the other hand, as Rebels and Enemies to Monarchy, and the
Kings Majestie that now is : Wee therefore thought it requisite to
declare and expresse to the Deputy Lieutenants and Committee of
this County, that we own the solemn League and Covenant of the
three Kingdoms in every branch of it, and will not by any combi-
nation, perswasion, or terror, be drawn from it. And more parti-
cularly in reference to the said aspersions, we do further expresse,
that we stand for the fundamental Government of the Kingdom,

DECLARATION OF THE LANCASHIRE REGIMENTS. 251

by King, Lords, and Commons, according to the laws of the land,
and the declarations of this present Parliament, before our first
engagement : that we love, desire, and should much rejoyce in
the regal and regular Government of his Majestie that now is. As
for Papists, Popish Persons, malignant abettors of former inno-
vations, usurpations or oppressions, or any other disaffected persons
which were or shall be in arms to disturb Religion, Righteousnesse
and Peace, we from the bottom of our hearts do detest them, and
with our lives and fortunes will endeavour to oppose them. And
we in like manner do declare against Toleration of Heresie,
Schism, Prophanenesse, and whatsoever is contrary to sound Doc-
trine and the power of Godlinesse so plainly covenanted and
declared against by the Ministers and others of this and other
Counties : Nor will we, nor (as we verily believe) the Souldiers
of the County, be commanded by any Gentleman whatsoever of
this County, or other Officers which are justly aspersed to decline
from these honest and just principles, and to favour anarchy in
Church or State ; but will desire according to the General Petition
of the County* for the putting of all such persons from Places and
Offices of trust, knowing of our own knowledge that the King-
doms Cause hath been and yet is much disadvantaged by the pre-
ferment of such persons, and our party weakned, yea and deserted
by many, which would not have deserted it otherwise. Our
humble request therefore is to the Deputy Lieutenants and Com-
mittee of this County, which desire our engagement in this present
Service, that they would receive in good part this our plain and
honest Declaration.

The Arrangement of the Militia of Lancashire, in the expectation of Hamilton's
Irruption into the County, is stated as follows.

Kushworth, part iv, vol. ii. 1 123. — From Lancaster, May 19, 1648.
Mention of warrants being issued for raising the forces of the county of Lan-
caster, and of a meeting at Preston agreeing that the forces of the county, south
of Garstang, should march to Lancaster, on the entreaty of the Lonsdale forces
now at Lancaster. " The forces of Amounderaess Hundred, both horse and foot

252 LETTER FROM DUKE HAMILTON.

are under the command of Lt.-Col. Alexander Rigby, and joined with the forces
of Lonsdale to give a stop to the enemy."

Additions about the same time were made to the Lieutenancy, including the
names of John Anderton of Anderton, Esq., and Peter Bold of Bold, Esq.

Ibid. p. 1148.— (June 12, 1648.)
" The Committee of Lancashire have ordered four colonels of foot and two of
horse, with their regiments, now in readiness in the northern part of this county,
forthwith to join with Major-General Lambert's forces in Yorkshire against the
enemy in Westmoreland and Cumberland. Colonel Ashton is Commander-in-
chief, and under him Lt.-Col. Rigby commandeth one regiment of horse, and
Colonel Nicholas Shuttleworth the other. The colonels are Col. Dodding, Col.
Standish, who commandeth his own and Lt.-Col. Rigby 's foot, Col. Ashton, and
Col. Oughtred Shuttleworth."

XLIII.

The Copy of a Letter from Duke Hamilton to the Ministers at Lan-
caster , with their Answer to the same. Published by Authority.

London, printed for Edward Husband, Printer to the H. H. of C.
August 25, 1648.

For such Ministers of this Shire as are now at Lancaster, and have
lately forsaken their own Dwellings.

Reverend Gentlemen,
Being informed that divers of the Ministry of Lancashire, upon
the causless apprehension of receiving injury from this Army, have
lately forsaken their Charge and Benefices, and are now at Lan-
caster, to the inconveniences of themselves and Parishioners, for
the which I am grieved ; and that they should so far mistake our
intentions in coming hither, it being for settling Presbyterian
government according to the Covenant, liberating and reestablish-
ing his Majesty, and for other ends conducing to the good and
peace of the Kingdom, according to the Declaration herewith sent,
and not to harm any, (much less) the Ministers of this Countrey ;

ANSWER OF THE LANCASTER MINISTERS. 253

I therefore thought good to certifie that such as have so absented
themselves, may freely and without fear return to their several
Dwellings, to exercise those duties belonging to their Callings,
without any Prejudice to their Persons, Families, or Goods, from
any in this Army ; and if any of them be pleased to repair unto
me, I doubt not but to give them that satisfaction that they may
clearly see, none shall study more the happiness and preservation
of this Church according to the Covenant, then

Your assured good friend to serve you,
Hamilton.
Hornby, 10 August 1648.

May it please your Excellency,
We acknowledge ourselves but weak men, and therefore subject
to mistakes, but are not satisfied of any in having our present abode
at Lancaster, it being incredible to us how we should have safety
and freedom with your army, knowing our old Enemies of Reli-
gion, and the Kingdom's peace, are with your Excellency. We
have all taken the Covenant, and are zealous for reestablishing his
Majesty, and doubt not the reality of the intentions of the two
Houses of Parliament, according to their late declarations, nor yet
of the settling Presbyterian Government, whereof we have lately
had good assurance in this County, and how much we shall own it
(unto the death) is known to all the world in our late "Testimony
to the Truth of Jesus Christ," subscribed by us, together with the
rest of our brethren of this Province, unto which Truth we pray
nothing may be acted prejudicially by your excellency, and rest,
Your humble Servants,
Tho. Whithead Edw. Aston

James Schoulcroft Tho. Denny

Jo. Jaques Jo. Smith

Pet. Atkinson Sam. El wood

Jo. Syll Tho. Faucet

Lancaster, 10 August 1648.

254 ADVANCE OF HAMILTON^ FORCES.

XLIV.

The last N ewes from the Prince of Wales, declaring his further pro-
ceedings against the Parliaments Forces, fyc. London, printed
Anno Dom. 1648. (MS. date Aug. 21.) 1

The last News from the two armies of England and Scotland,

communicating the near engagement of both Armies, and the

Resolution and Proceedings of the Scots.

To their honoured friends the Committee of the County of Lan-
caster, now at Manchester, these :

Gentlemen,

In ours to Sir Richard Hoghton we gave you a short character of
the Scots Army, now quartered all along the borders of our
County, both on the Lancashire and Westmoreland side. Truly
what we said of them ^yesterday was but expressing their delinea-
ments of Hercules by the foot. We spare to speak the worst of
them, least we should forfeit that credence which you have towards
us, and not be believed, but assure yourselves ; they by their daily
incursions into our poor country, between this and their quarters,
have left nothing in all the world that is portable.

In divers places some whole families have not left them where-
with to subsist a day, but are glad to come hither for meer subsis-
tance. They have taken forth of divers families all, the very
racken crocks and pot hooks ; they have driven away all the beasts,
sheep, and horses, in divers townships, all, without redemption,
save some poor milch kine. They tell the people they must have
their houses too, and we verily believe it must be so, because Duke
Hamilton hath told them it should be so. Their usage of some
women is extreamly abominable, and of men very barberous,
wherein we apprehend nevertheless something of God's Justice
towards very many, who have abundantly desired and rejoyced at
their advance hither : old extream cavaliers, whom they have most
oppressed in their acts of violence and plunder, to our great admi-
ration.

1 The four first pages of this Tract do not relate to Lancashire.

ADVANCE OF HAMILTON'S FORCES. 255

They raile without measure at our Ministers, and threaten the
destruction of so many as they can get. Many Cavaliers have
sent into Furness and Cartmel to Sir Thomas Tilsley for pro-
tections, 1 but the Scots weigh not their protections a rush, and Tils-
ley himself tells the Cavaliers he can do them no good, but wishes
them to use their best shifts in putting their goods out of the way.
They say they'll not leave the country worth any thing; they
make no account of Lambert, they say he is run away. They are
yet in quarters at Burton, Kirby, Whittington, &c. and the Eng-
lish at Encross and Furness. They have driven away above 600
cattle and 1500 sheep. They have given such earnest of their
conditions that the Country have wholly driven away their cattel
of all sorts towards Yorkshire and the bottom of Lancashire ; forty
great droves at least are gone from us, and through this Towne
this day. But we hope this sad distraction will shortly clear up
by the timely conjunction of our forces, and by the cheerful rising
of our Countrie, whereof we are assured they never stood in half
so much need for all the sufferings they have endured. We pray
you let us know the businesse of the North, and we shall give you
an account of what we daily learn, concerning the enemies motion
or design, wherein we shall desire to be

Your most assured and ready friends to serve you,
Lan. 17 Aug. Hen. Porter,

1648. W. West.

XLY.

Lieutenant General CromweVs Letter concerning the Total Routing of
the Scots Army, the taking of Four Thousand Arms, and almost all

1 Dr. Whitaker (Hist, of Whalley, p. 239) gives one of Sir Thomas Tyldesley's pro-
tections to E.Parker of Browsholme, Esq. dated Aug, 8, 1648 ; and accompanies it by
another granted by Richard Shuttleworth of Gawthorp (Parliamentarian) to the same
gentleman, dated Feb. 13, 1644.

256 BATTLE OF PRESTON.

their Ammunition. With Another Letter written from Manchester
to Sir Ralph Ashton, a member of the Honourable House of Com-
mons concerning the said Victory.

Ordered by the Commons assembled in Parliament that these Letters
be forthwith printed and published. H. Elsynge, Cler. Pari. D.
Com.

London, printed for Edward Husband, Printer to the Honorable
House of Commons, August 22, 1648.

To the Right Worshipful and his most approved kinde friend, Sir
Ralph Ashton, Baronet, a Member of the House of Commons.

Sir,

I have sent here enclosed a Copy of a Letter written by Lieute-
nant General Cromwell from Preston to the Committee sitting at
Manchester, whereby you may perceive what salvation God hath
wrought for this poor County, which, not above a week ago in the
judgment of many, nay of most men, was given up for lost, but
God hath made man's extremity to be his opportunity, in saving a
people designed by cruel men to ruine and destruction. 1 shall
say no more of it, because I suppose you will have full and ample
intelligence from other hands, only I wish we may not be too much
elevated by successes, or too much dejected and cast down in a low
estate, but that we may so improve both mercies and judgements,
that now, at last, through the various changes and chances that
have hapned, such use may be made of all Dispensations and Pro-
vidences of God, that the Church of England may nourish in Doc-
trine and Discipline, and all interests may enjoy their just and un-
doubted Rights in reference to the common good of the Nation,
which shall be the constant prayer of him who desires to subscribe
himself, Sir,

Manchester, this 19 Your most humble Servant,

of August 1648. W. L.

Gentlemen,
It hath pleased God this day to show his greate power by making

BATTLE OF PRESTON* 251

the army successeful against the common Enemy. We lay the
last night at Mr. Skef hum's of Stonihurst, nine miles from Presto^
which was within three miles of the Scots quarters. We advanced
betimes next morning towards Preston, with a desire to engage the
Enemy, and by that time our forlorn had ingaged the Enemy*
we were about four miles from Preston, and thereupon we ad-
vanced with the whole army ; and the Enemy being drawne out
upon a Moore betwixt us and the Town, the Armies on both sides
ingaged, and after a very sharpe dispute, continuinge for three or
foure houres, it pleased God to enable us to give them a Defeat,
which I hope we shall improve by God's assistance to their utter
ruine ; and in this service your countrymen have not the least
share. We cannot bee particular, having not time to take accompt
of the slain and prisoners, but we can assure you we have many
prisoners, and many of those of quality, and many slain, and the
Army so dissipated.

The principal part whereof, with Duke Hambleton, is on south
side Bibble and Darwain Bridge, and we lying with the greatest
part of the Army close to them, nothing hindring the ruine of that
part of the enemies army but the night : it will be our care that
they shall not pass over any ford beneath the Bridge to goe north- 1
ward, or to come betwixt us and Whalley.

We understand Col. General Ashton's are at Whalley; we have
seven troops of Horse and dragoons that we believe lie at or near
Clithero. This night I have sent order to them expressly to march
to Whalley, to joyne to those companies, that so we may endeavour
the ruine of this enemie. You perceive by this letter how things
stand ; by this means the enemy is broken, and most of their horses
being gone Northwards, and we having sent a considerable party
at the very heele of them, and the enemy having lost almost all his
ammunition, and neare four thousand armes, so that the greatest
part of the Foot are naked : and therefore in order to perfecting
this worke, we desire you to raise your County, and to improve
your forces to the totall ruine of that enemy, which way soever*

258 BATTLE OF PRESTON.

they go : and that you shall accordingly doe your part, doubt not
of their totall ruine.

"We thought fit to speed this to you, to the end you may not be
troubled if they shall march towards you, but improve your inte-
rest as aforesaid, that you may give glory to God for this unspeak-
able Mercy. This is all at present from your very humble Ser-
vant,

17 Aug. 1648- Oliver Cromwell.

For the Honorable Committee of Lancashire sitting at Manchester.
I desire the Commander of those Forces to open this letter if it
come not to their hands.

*** There are several editions of this letter, all varying more or less in minute
points, but all agreeing in matter. One has an anonymous letter attached to it,
detailing the further progress of Cromwell's arms. Another (No. 5, 384, King's
Tracts) has the signature of Ralph Ashton (of Middleton, Colonel-General and
Commander in Chief of the Lancashire Regiments, see p. 252) following that of
Cromwell.

XL VI.

Lt. General CromwelVs Letter to the Honourable William Lenthall,
Esq. Speaker of the Honourable House of Commons, of the several
great Victories obtained against the Scots and Sir Marmaduke
LangdaUs Forces in the North ; where were slain of the Scots
party above two thousand, above nine thousand taken prisoners,
four or five thousand arms taken, the whole Infantry ruined, Duke
Hamilton fled into Wales, and Langdale northward, Major Gene-
ral Vandrusk, Col. Hurry and Col. Ennis taken Prisoners, who
formerly served the Parliament.

Ordered by the Commons assembled in Parliament that this letter

BATTLE OF PRESTON. 259

be forthwith printed and published. H. Elsynge, Cler. Pari. D.
Com.
London, printed for Edward Husband, Printer to the Honourable
House of Commons, Aug. 23, 1648. L

To the Honourable William Lenthall, Esq. Speaker of the House

of Commons.
Sir,

I have sent up this Gentleman to give you an account of the
great and good hand of God towards you in the late Victory
obtained against the enemy in these parts.

After the conjunction of that party which I brought with me
out of Wales, with the northern forces about Knaresborough and
Weatherby, hearing that the Enemy was advanced with their army
into Lancashire, we marched the next day, being the 13th of this
Instant August, to Oatley (having cast off our train and sent it to
Knaresborough, because of the difficulty of the marching there-
with through Craven ; and to th' end we might with more expe-
dition attend the Enemies motion, and from the 14 to Skipton, the
15 to Gisborn, the 16 to Hodder Bridge over Kibble, where we
had a council of war, at which we had in consideration whether
we should march to Whalley that night, and so on to interpose
between the enemy and his further progress into Lancashire, and
so southward, which we had some advertisement the enemy in-
tended, and since confirmed that they intended for London itself;
or whether to march immediately over the said Bridge, there being
no other betwixt that and Preston, and engage the enemy there,
who we did believe would stand his ground, because we had in-
formation that the Irish forces under Monro lately come out of
Ireland, which consisted of twelve hundred Horse and fifteen hun-

1 An abstract of this very characteristic letter is given by Rush worth, part iv. vol. ii.
p. 1237, and reprinted in Baines' Lancashire, but merely contains the military details,
and among other passages omits the very interesting one respecting Col. Thornhaugh,
and the remarkable recommendation in the conclusion to destroy those out of the land
that would not cease troubling it.

260 BATTLE OF PRESTON.

dred foot, were on their march towards Lancashire to joyn with
them. It was thought that to ingage the enemy to fight was our
business, and the reason aforesaid giving us hopes that our march-
ing on the north side of Ribble would effect it, it was resolved we
should march over the Bridge, which accordingly we did, and that
night quartered the whole army in the field by Stonihurst Hall,
being Mr. Sherbums house, a place nine miles distant from Preston.
Very early the next morning we marched towards Preston, having
intelligence that the Enemy was drawing together thereabouts from
all his out quarters, we drew out a forlorn of about Two hundred
Horse and Pour hundred Foot, the Horse commanded by Major
Smithson, the foot by Major Pounel. Our forlorn of Horse marched
within a mile where the Enemy was drawn up in the inclosed
grounds by Preston, on that side next us ; and there upon a moor,
about half a mile distant from the enemies army, met with their
scouts and outguard, and did behave themselves with that valour
and courage as made their Guards (which consisted both of horse
and foot) to quit their ground, and took divers prisoners, holding
this dispute with them until our forlorn of foot came up for their
justification, and by those we had opportunity to bring up our
whole Army.

So soon as our foot and horse were come up, we resolved that
night to ingage them if we could ; and therefore advancing with
our forlorn, and putting the rest of our army into as good a pos-
ture as the ground would bear, (which was totally inconvenient
for our horse, being all inclosure and miery ground) we pressed
upon them.

The Regiments of foot were ordered as followeth. There being
a lane very deep and ill, up to the enemies army, and leading to
the town, we commanded two Regiments of horse, the first whereof
was Col. Harrisons and next was my own, to charge up that lane,
and on either side of them advanced the Battel, which were Lieut,
Col. Reads, Col. Deans and Col. Prides on the right, Col. Brights
and my Lord Generals on the left, and Col. Ashton with the Lan-
cashire Regiments in reserve. We ordered Col, Thornhaugh and

BATTLE OF PRESTON. 261

Col. Twisletons Regiments of Horse on the right, and one regiment
in reserve for the lane, and the remaining horse on the left ; so
that at last we came to a Hedge Dispute, the greatest of the im-
pression from the enemy being upon our left Wing, and upon the
battel on both sides the lane, and upon our horse in the lane, in all
which places the enemy was forced from their ground after 4 hours
dispute, until we came to the town, into which four troops of my
regiment first entred, and being well seconded by Col. Harrison's
Regiment, charged the enemy in the Town, and cleared the streets.
There came no hands of your foot to fight that day, but did it
with incredible Valour and Resolution, amongst which Qoi.Brightfs,
my Lords General's, Lieut. Col. Beads and Col. Ashtons had the
greatest work, they often coming to push of pike and to close
firing, and always making the enemy to recoyl ; and indeed I must
needs say, God was as much seen in the valour of the Officers and
Soldiers of these before-mentioned, as in any Action that hath been
performed : the enemy making (though he was still worsted) very
stiff and sturdy resistance. 1 Col. Deans and Col. Prides out-
winging the enemy, could not come to so much share of the action ;
the enemy shaging down towards the Bridge, and keeping almost
all in reserve, that so he might bring fresh hands often to fight,

1 The following account of the charge of part of Col. Ashtoris Lancashire Regiment,
is given in Capt. Hodgson's Narrative, printed in Original Memoirs of the Great Civil
War, published by Sir W. Scott, 1806, p. 118 :

" I met Major- General Lambert, — and coming to him I told him where his danger lay, on
his left wing chiefly. He ordered me to fetch up the Ijancashire Regiment, and God
brought me off, both horse and myself. The bullets flew freely ; then was the heat of
the battle that day.

" I came down to the muir, where I met with Major Jackson, that belonged to
Ashton's regiment, and about three hundred men were come up ; and I ordered him to
march, but he said he would not, till his men were come up. A serjeant belonging to
them asked me where they should march. I shewed him the party he was to fight,
and he like a true-bred Englishman marched, and I caused the souldiers to follow him,
which presently fell upon the enemy, and losing that wing, the whole army gave
ground and fled.

" The Lancashire men were as stout men as were in the world, and as brave firemen.
I have often told them they were as good fighters, and as great plunderers, as ever
went to a field."

262 BATTLE OF PRESTON.

which we not knowing, but least we should be outwinged, placed
those two regiments to inlarge our Right Wing, which was the cause
they had not at that time so great a share in that Action ; at the
last the Enemy was put into disorder, many men slain, many pri-
soners taken, the Duke with most of the Scots Horse and Foot
retreated over the Bridge, where after a very hot dispute betwixt
the Lancashire Regiments, part of my Lord Generals and them
being at push of pike, they were beaten from the Bridge, and our
horse and foot following them, killed many, and took divers pri-
soners, and we possessed the bridge over Darwent and a few houses
there, the Enemy being driven up within musquet shot of us where
we lay that night, we not being able to attempt further upon the
Enemy, the night preventing us. 1

In this posture did the enemy and we lie the most part of that
night; upon entring the town, many of the enemy's horse fled
towards Lancaster, in the chase of whom went divers of our horse,
who pursued them near ten miles, and had execution of them, and
took about five hundred Horse and many Prisoners.

We possessed in this fight very much of the enemy's Ammu-
nition ; I believe they lost four or five thousand Arms. The
number of the slain we judge to be about a thousand, the prisoners
we took were about four thousand.

In the night the Duke was drawing off his army towards
Wiggon, wee were so wearied with the dispute that we did not so

1 Col. Bright's regiment, Col. Pride's, and Col. Deane's, kept the field ; the Lan-
cashire regiments and my Lord General Cromwell's regiment of foot pursued towards Ribbald
Bridge, with most of our horse, where the Scots had six regiments of horse and foot,
that had been in no service, besides their great army, with the waggons, near Walton
Hall, drawn up in readiness.

" There was a long dispute before the Bridge was gained, and our horse and foot
having routed that party above Walton Hall, they came to their main body, and a
matter of six or eight horsemen, commanded by Captain Pockley, kept a gapstead of
their whole army, while some of our troopers lighted, and turned about Hamilton's
waggons, and threw over that wherein was all his plate, as they brought it down the
hill ; but the Scots having no mind to rescue it, suffered them to carry the prize away
in the face of their whole army, though nothing to fright them, but a forlorn hope of
horse.— That night our regiment was appointed quarters in Preston."— Hodgson, 119.

SKIRMISHES AT WIG AN. 263

well attend the enemies going off as might have been, by means
whereof the enemy was gotten at least 3 miles with his rear, before
ours got to them.

I ordered Collonel Thornhaugh to Command two or three Regi-
ments of Horse, to follow the enemy if it were possible, to make
him stand till wee could bring up the army. The enemy marched
away seven or eight thousand foote and about four thousand Horse,
wee followed him with about three thousand foote, and two thou-
sand five hundred Horse and dragoones, and in this prosecution that
worthy gentleman Collonel Thornhaugh, pressing too boldly, was
slaine, being ran into the body, and thigh, and head, by the enemies
Launcers,* and give me leave to say, he was a man as faithfull and
gallant in your service as any, and one who often heretofore lost
bloud in your quarrel, and now his last. He hath left some behind
him to inherit a Father's honour, and a sad Widdow, both now the
interest of the commonwealth.

Our Horse still prosecuted the enemy, killing and taking divers
all the way. At last the enemy drew up within three miles of
Wiggon, and by that time our army was come up, they drew off
again, and recovered Wiggon, before we could attempt any thing
upon them. We lay that night in the field close by the enemy,
being very dirty and weary, and having marched twelve miles of
such ground as I never rod in all my life, the day being very wet.

We had some skirmishing that night with the enemy near the
town, where we took General Van Druske and a Collonel, and
killed some principal officers, and took about a hundred prisoners,
where I also received a letter from Duke Hamilton, for civil usage
towards his kinsman Collonel Hamilton, whom he left wounded
there. We tooke also Collonel Hurrey, and Lt.-Col. Ennis, some-
times in your service.

The next morning the enemy marched towards Warrington, and
we at the heels of them. The town of Wiggon a great and poore
town, and very malignant, were plundered almost to their skins by
them.

1 Hodgson says, " run through with a lancier in Chorley, he wanting his arms."

264 WINWICK AND WARRINGTON.

We could not engage the enemy until we came within three
miles of Warrington, and there the enemy made a stand at a passe
near WinwicJce. 1 We held them in some dispute till our army
came up, they maintaining the passe with great resolution for many
hours, ours and theirs coining to push of pike and very close charges,
and forced us to give ground, but our men, by the blessing of God,
quickly recovered it, and charging very home upon them, beat them
from their standing, where we killed about a thousand of them,
and tooke (as we believe) about two thousand prisoners, and pro-
secuted them home to Warrington town, where they possessed the
bridge, which had a strong barracado and a work upon it, formerly
made very defensive. As soon as we came thither I received a
message from Lieutenant-General Baily, desiring some capitulation
to which I yielded, considering the strength of the passe, and that
I could not goe over the river within ten miles of Warrington with
the army, I gave him these termes, that he should surrender him-
self and all his officers and souldiers prisoners of war, with all his
Arms and Ammunition and horses to me, I giving quarter for life,
and promising civill usage, which accordingly is done, and the com-*
missioners deputed by me have received, and are receiving all the
Armes and Ammunition, which will be, as they tell me, about foure
thousand compleat Armes, and as many prisoners, and thus you
have their infantry totally ruined. What Collonels and Officers
are with Lieutenant-General Baily, I have not yet received the list.

The Duke is marched with his remaining Horse, which are about
three thousand, towards Namptwich, where the gentlemen of the
country have taken about five hundred of them, of which they sent
me word this day. The country will scarse suffer any of my men
to passe, except they have my hand, telling them they are Scots.

1 Hodgson states : " We pursued to Winwick, where we found the horse was fled to
Warrington Bridge, and the foot drawn up in a most advantageous place, and snaffled
our forlorn and put them to retreat. So we being drawn up, horse and foot, to give
them a charge, their horse appeared upon the muir from Warrington Bridge, but their
foot threw down their arms, and run into Winwick Church, about four or five thou*
sand, and there we set a guard upon them." — p. 123.

PURSUIT OF HAMILTON. 265

They bring in and kill divers of them as they light upon
them.

Most of the nobility of Scotland are with the Duke. If I had a
thousand Horse that could but trot thirty miles, I should not doubt
but to give a very good account of them ; but truly we are so har-
rassed and hagled out in this business, that we are not able to doe
more than walke an easy pace after them.

I have sent post to my Lord Grey, to Sir Henry Cholmely, and
Sir Edward Roads, to gather altogether with speed for their prose-
cution, as likewise to acquaint the governor of Stafford therewith.

I heare Munroe is about Cumberland with the Horse that ran
away, and his Irish Horse and Foot, which are a considerable body.
I have left Collonel Aslitons three regiments of Foot, with seven
troops of Horse, six of Lancashire and one of Cumberland at Preston,
and ordered Collonel Scroop with five troopes of Horse and two
troopes of dragoones, with two regiments of foote, viz. Collonel
Lassals and Collonell Wastals to embody with them, by which I
hope he will be able to make a resistance till we can come up to
them, and have ordered them to put their prisoners to the sword,
if the Scots shall presume to advance upon them, 1 because they
cannot bring them off with security.

Thus you have a narrative of the particulars of the successe
which God hath given you, which I could hardly at this time have
done, considering the multiplicity of businesse ; but truly when I
was once ingagecl in it, I could hardly tell how to say lesse, there
being so much of God, and I am not willing to say more, lest there
should seem to be any of man : only give me leave to adde one
word, shewing the disparity of the Forces on both sides, that so
you may see and all the world acknowledge the great hand of God
in this businesse. The Scots army could not be lesse than twelve

1 See the extract from Clarendon in a subsequent page, respecting the advice given
by Sir Thomas Tyldesley to Munroe to execute that attack on the rear of the English
army which Cromwell appears to have expected, and his History for the statement at
length, vi. p. 88, edit. 1826 ; and for the sequel of the Duke of Hamilton's misfortunes,
ibid. p. 75.

M M

266 cromwell's remarks.

thousand effective Foot, well arm'd, and five thousand Horse, Lang-
dale not lesse than two thousand five hundred foot, and fifteen
hundred Horse, in all Twenty one thousand, and truly very few of
their foot but were as well arm'd, if not better than yours, and at
divers disputes did fight two or three hours before they would quit
their ground.

Yours were about two thousand five hundred Horse and Dra-
goones of your old army, about four thousand Foot of your old
army, also about sixteen hundred Lancashire foot, and about five
hundred Lancashire Horse, in all about Eight thousand six hundred.
You see by computation about two thousand of the enemy slaine,
betwixt eight and nine thousand prisoners, besides what are lurking
in hedges and private places, which the country daily bring in or
destroy. Where Langdale and his broken forces are I know not,
but they are exceedingly shattered. Surely, Sir, this is nothing
but the hand of God ; and wherever any thing in this world is
exalted, or exalts itself, God will pull it down, for this is the day
wherein he alone will be exalted.

It is not fit for me to give advise, nor to say a word what use
should be made of this, more then to pray you and all that acknow-
ledge God, that they would only exalt him, and not hate his people,
who are as the apple of his eye, and for whom even Kings shall be
reproved, and that you would take courage to doe the worke of the
Lord, in fulfilling the end of your Magistracy, in seeking the peace
and welfare of the people of this Land, that all that will live
quietly and peaceably may have countenance from you, and they
that are implacable and will not leave troubling the Land may
speedily be destroyed out of the Land ; and if you take courage in
this, God will blesse you, and good men will stand by you, and
God will have glory, and the land will have happinesse by you in
despight of all your enemies, which shall be the prayer of your
most

Humble and faithfull Servant,

20 August 1648. O. Cromwell.

langdale's letter. 267

Postscript.

We have not in all this lost a considerable officer but Collonel
Thornhaugh, and not many souldiers, considering the service, but
many are wounded, and our horse much wearied. I humbly crave
that some course be taken to dispose of the prisoners : the trouble
and extream charge of the Countrey where they lie, is more than
the danger of their escape. I think they would not go home if
they might without a convoy, they are so fearfull of the Country
from whom they have deserved so ill. Ten men will keepe a thou-
sand from running away.

XL VII.

An Impartiall Relation of the late Fight at Preston, being the Copy
of a Letter written (as the tenour of it importeth) by Sir Mar ma-
duke Langdale. Printed in the year 1648.

An Impartiall Relation of the late Fight at Preston, being the
Copy of a Letter written (as the tenor of it importeth) by
Sir Marmaduke Langdale.
Sir,
This will give you a finall account of my imployment, which is
now ended ; being a prisoner in Nottingham Castle, where I have
civill usage. You have heard the condition I was in at Settle and
Sigleswick, 1 with about 3000 foot and 600 Horse, the 13 of August,
where hearing the Parliament forces were gathered together, and
marching towards me, I went to acquaint Duke Hamilton there-
with to Horneby, where he determined for Preston, where (his army
being numerous in foot) he might have the greater advantage upon
his enemy in those enclosed Countries. I Marched neere Clitheroio
towards Preston ; in the March I met with the Lord Callender,
and divers of the Scottish officers Quartered in my way, with whom

1 Gigleswick.

268 langdale's letter.

I was resolved to march to Preston, but for the present the Intelli-
gence was, that the Parliament Forces were divided, some part
whereof were marched to Colne, and so to Manchester, to relieve
that Towne in case we should presse upon it. This made the
Officers of Horse more negligent of repayring to Preston, but
Quartered wide in the Country.

The same night certayne intelligence came that Lt. Generall
Cromwell with all his Forces was within 3 miles of my Quarters,
which I immediately sent to the Duke, and told it to my Lord
Leviston to acquaint Lt. Generall Middleton therewith, and drew
my Forces together in a field, and so marched towards Preston
betimes in the morning, where I found the Duke and Lord Coil-
lender with most part of the Scottish Foot drawne up. Their reso-
lution was to march to Wiggan, giving little credit to the Intelli-
gence that came the night before, but suffer their horse to continue
in their quarters 10 and 12 miles off.

Within halfe an hower of our meeting, and by that time I was
drawen into the close neere Preston, the Enemy appeared with a
smalKbody of Horse; the Scotts continue their resolution for
Wiggan, for which end they drew their Foote over the Bridge.
The Enemy coming the same way that I had marched, fell upon
my Quarter, where we continued skirmishing six houres, in all
which time the Scott sent me no relief: they had very few horse
come up, so as those they sent me at last were but few, and were
soone beaten : but if they had sent me 1000 Foote to have flanked
the Enemy, I doubt not the day had been ours. Yet I kept my
post, with various successe, many times gathering ground of the
Enemy ; and as the Scots acknowledg, they never saw any Foote
fight better than mine did.

The Duke being incredulous that it was the whole army, sent
Sir Lewis Dives to me, to whom I answered that it was impossible
any forces that were inconsiderable would adventure to presse upon
so Great an army as we had, therefore he might conclude it was all
the power they could make, and with which they were resolved to
put all to the hazard, therefore desired that I might be seconded,

langdale's letter. 269

and have more Power and Ammunition, I having spent nine
Barrels of Powder.

The Scots continue their march over the River, and did not secure
a Lane near the Bridge, whereby the Parliament Forces came on
my flanks ; neither did the Forces, that were left for my supply,
come to my relief, but continued in the Reare of mine, nor did they
ever face the Enemy, but in bringing up the Reare.

When most part of the Scots were drawn over the Bridge, the
Parliament Forces pressed hard upon me in the Van and Flanks,
and so drive me into the Towne, where the Duke was in person, with
some few horse ; but all being lost, Retreated over a foord to his
Foote. After my Forces were beaten, the Parliament Forces beat
the Scots from the Bridge presently, and so came over into all the
Lanes, that we could not joy ne with the Foote, but were forced to
Charlow, where we found Lt. General Middleton ready to advance
towards Preston towards the Foote, which he did ; but not finding
them there, returned to Wiggan, where the Duke was with his
Foote (mine totally lost).

There they tooke a resolution to go to my Lord Biron, for which
end they would march that night to Warrington. In their march
the Parliament Forces fell so fast upon their Rear, that they could
not reach Warrington that night. And Lieutenant Generall Mid-
dleton finding himself unable to withstand their Forces, left the
Foote in Warrington to make their own conditions.

So as we marched towards Malpas, sixe of the Scottish Lords in
this march left us, whereof my Lord Traquaire was one. Most
part submitted to the Sheriff of Shropshire, who sent two Gentle-
men of that Country to the Duke to offer him the same quarter
that the Earl of Traquaire had. From Malpas we marched to
Drayton and so to Stone ; in our march from thence to Uttoxeter,
the Parliament Forces fell upon the Reare, and took Lieutenant
Generall Middleton.

At Utoxeter the next morning going to attend the DuJce for his
resolution, I found him extreame sick, not able to March. My
Lord Callender seemed to refuse all wayes of Treaty, but rather to

270 CAPTURE OF LANGDALE.

march Northward, where we had a considerable Force, and the whole
kingdome of Scotland at our backs. Upon this we marched over
the river toward Ashburne. I had the Van, and was marching ;
presently my Lord of Callender came to me, told me he would
march with me, but that none of his forces would, and that he had
much ado to escape them ; that he was come himself alone, his
Horse pricked in the foote, and without a Cloake. I perswaded his
Lordship that it was better to return to his Forces, because I could
not protect him ; and seeing the Scots had left me, I was resolved
to sever and shift every man for him selfe, but to capitulate I could
not with a safe conscience.

After some little discourse he returned to his forces, and I
marched towards Nottingham, where those few I had took several
wayes, and I got that night over Trent, and came to a House 6
miles from Nottingham, where myselfe, Collonel Owen, Lieutenant
Collonel Galliard, and Major Constable, thought to have shrowded
ourselves as Parliamenteers, and so made no resistance, but were
discovered, and are now in Nottingham Castle, this 26 of August
1648.

XL VIII.

A Particular of the several Victories, and the Occasions of the Solemn
Day of Thanksgiving, appointed by both Houses of Parliament to
be kept through the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales,
on Thursday, the 7 of September 1648.

26 Augustil6i8.

Ordered by the Commons assembled in Parliament, That the Par-
ticular occasions of the Solemn day of Thanksgiving, appointed
to be kept throughout the Kingdom of England, and Dominion
of Wales, on Thursday, the 7 of September 1648, Together with

DAY OF THANKSGIVING. 271

the Order for a Collection for maimed Soldiers and poor visited
people of Lancaster, be Read on the aforesaid 7 day of September
in all Churches and Chappels in the Kingdom of England and
Dominion of Wales. And that the Knights and Burgesses of
the respective Counties, Cities and Places, do send printed
Copies of the same. H. Elsynge, Cler. Pari. D. Com.
London, Printed for Edward Husband, Printer to the Honorable
House of Commons, August 28, 1648.

The Particular Occasions of the Solemn Day of Thanksgiving,

etc. ETC.

1, 2, 3. (The first relates to the recovery of Tinmouth Castle on the 11th of
August, the second to the reduction of Deal Castle by Col. Rich, and the third to
the defeat of Sir Henry Lingen and his party in Montgomeryshire on August 17.)

" 4. And above all, the most remarkable Victory obtained the Seventeenth,
Eighteenth, and Nineteenth days of this instant August, by the Forces under the
Command of Lieutenant General Cromwell, not being full Nine thousand upon the
place, against the whole Army of the Scots, under the Command of Duke Hamilton,
conjoyned with a considerable Body of English under Sir Marmaduke Langdale,
exceeding in the whole the number of One and twentie thousand ; in which Victory
and the Pursuit thereof above Ten thousand were taken Prisoners, amongst whom
are the Earl of Traquire, and divers others of the Scotish Nobility, the Lieutenant
General of the Horse, the Lieutenant General of the Foot, Sir Marmaduke Lang-
dale, and many other Knights, Gentlemen, and Officers of Principal quality, most
of their Arms, Ammunition, Bag and Baggage, One hundred and fifty Colours of
Horse and Foot, above Three thousand of the Enemy slain, with a very small loss
to the Parliament Forces, not exceeding the number of One hundred at the most,
and the Victory every day encreasing by additional Successes.

" 5. Nor must we (for the greater glory of this deliverance) omit to observe the
conjuncture of time, wherein God hath thus appeared the strong Redeemer of his
people, and mightily pleaded their Cause ; even in such a time, when there was a
general conspiracy and association of the common Enemy both by Sea and Land,
and wherein by subtile insinuations and specious pretences of maintaining the
Covenant, they had wrought a very great defection against the ends of the said
Covenant, in divers who formerly adhered to the Parliament ; witness the several
Insurrections in Wales, Kent, Yorkshire, Suffolk, Essex, Sussex, and divers other
places, the revolt of some part of the Navy, the Risings of the Lord Goring, Lord
Capel, Earl of Holland, and their parties.

272 CONTRIBUTION FOR LANCASHIRE.

" For all which and many more seasonable mercies, we earnestly desire that our
Almighty Lord, the Lord of Hosts, may be onely owned and acknowledged, and
that the eyes and hearts of his people may always be towards him for salvation and
deliverance."

An Order of the Commons assembled in Parliament for a Contribution for the
maimed Soldiers and poor visited People of Lancaster.

" Forasmuch as the estates of the Inhabitants of the County of Lancaster having
been almost wholly exhausted by the former War, and by the many heavy Oppres-
sions and Plunderings of the Scots Army lying upon them, and also by the charge
of the wounded and maimed Soldiers, and the many poor people infected with the
Plague within that County, who are by reason thereof likely to be destitute of relief,
unless some supply to them be to them speedily afforded ; in consideration whereof,
and for some present relief to the said wounded Soldiers and poor people, It is
Ordered by the Commons assembled in Parliament, that all such voluntary Contri-
butions upon the next general Thanksgiving Day, being the 7 of September next,
which shall be given in the severall Parishes through England and Wales, shall
be converted, the one half thereof to the said wounded Soldiers, and the other half
thereof to the said poor people.

" And for that end and purpose, all the severall Ministers of all the several
Churches and Chapels in England and Wales are hereby required to move and stir
up the people that Day to a liberal Contribution for the relief of the said wounded
Soldiers and poor people, and to cause all the moneys which shall be thereupon
given, to be forthwith paid over to the several high Sheriffs of each respective
County wherein those Contributions shall be made.

" And the said severall Sheriffs are hereby required forthwith to send the said
moneys unto Mr. Henry Ashurst of Wailing Street in the City of London, Draper,
or unto Mr. Richard Waddington, of Whaly, in the said County of Lancaster ;
and the said Mr. Henry Ashurst shall upon Receipt of any of the said monies trans-
mit and pay over the same unto the said Richard Waddington, and the said
Richard Waddington shall upon receipt of any of the said moneys forthwith pay
over the one half thereof unto the said Soldiers, and the other half thereof unto the
said poor people, in such manner and by such sums and proportions as shall be
Ordered and Appointed by the Justices of the Peace of the said County of Lan-
caster, or the major part of them, by their writing under their Hands and Seals.

" H. Elsynge, Cler. Pari D. Com:'

Die Mercurii, 23 Augusti 1648.
" Ordered by the Lords and Commons in Parliament assembled, That Thursday
come fortnight, the seventh of September next, be appointed a Day of Solemn

MOVEMENTS OF THE LANCASHIRE ROYALISTS. 273

Thanksgiving through the whole Kingdom unto Almighty God, for his wonderful
great mercy and success bestowed upon the Parliament Forces, under the Com-
mand of Lieut. General Cromwel, against the whole Scots Army, under the Con-
duct and Command of Duke Hamilton, on the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nine-
teenth of this present Augrist in Lancashire.

" H. Elsynge, Cler. Pari. D. Com:'

Movements and Fortunes of the Lancashire Royalists commanded

by Sir Thomas Tyldesley, after the failure of

Hamilton's Expedition.

Clarendon, vi. 88, edit. 1826.

Sir Thomas Tildesley (after the battle of Preston), was left " with a body of
English, with which he had besieged the Castle of Lancaster, and was upon the
point of reducing it, when the news of Preston arrived."

It is added that he then fell back upon Munroe's reserve, on the border of Lan-
cashire, gathering up Sir Marmaduke Langdale's broken forces and imperfect
levies, and counselled to follow Cromwell in the rear, being equal in number to his
army, " which might very well have been done f but no explicit answer could be
obtained, and the English followed Monroe northwards from day to day, through
a country hostile to him in consequence of his previous plunder.

Rushworth, part iv. vol. ii. p. 1294. Monday, Oct. 16, 1648.

" Letters came this day to the House, that Col. General Ashton having relieved
Cockermouth Castle, the enemy betook themselves to Appleby. The Col. General
pursued and sent them summons, requiring them to render themselves to mercy,
upon which they willingly consented to a treaty, and it was agreed the inferior
officers to go home ; the great ones, as Sir Philip Musgrave, Sir Thomas Tilnsley,
Sir Kobert Stricland, Sir William Hudleston, and other officers, to go beyond sea,
and six months to provide for their expedition."

XLIX.

A Great Victory at Appleby, by Col. General Ashton, October 9th,
1648, where were taken prisoners at mercy, Sir Philip Musgrave,

N N

274 VICTORY AT APPLEBY.

Sir Thomas Tilsey, Sir Robert Strickland, Sir William Huddleston,
Sir Thomas Dacres, Sir William Blackstone, 15 Collonels, 9
Lieutenant-Collonels, 6 Sergeant-Majors, 46 Captains, 1 7 Lieute-
nants, 10 Cornets, 3 Ensigns, with a List of their Names, 5 Peece
of Ordnance, 1,200 Horse, 1,000 Armes, and all their Ammunition,
Bag and Baggage, October 16th, 1648. This is a true List ; a
Copy whereof was sent from Col. General Ashton, and this day de-
livered to the Parliament,

London: Printed for B. Smithurst, near Pye-Corner, 1648.

The Copy of a Letter from Appleby Castle.

Right Honourable,

After Colonell Generall Ashton had relieved Cockermouth Castle
with the Lancashire Forces, the English Horse would have entred
Carlisle, but were not permitted by those that were there before ;
whereupon some of them dispersed severall wayes, and the body of
the Cavalry marched hither to Appleby, whither Col. Gen. Ashton
came against them, and found about 1000 besides the Garrison
Souldiers. They had 1,200 Horse, but our Souldiers bought most
of them at small rates before the surrender, which was after made ;
the particulars whereof was thus : —

Col. Gen. Ashton sent a summons for them to be all prisoners at
mercy, and surrender their Armes to the Parliament, with Appleby
Castle, and all the Armes and Ammunition. This occasioned some
overtures for surrender thereof, which was done with speed, and
Saturday, October 7th, all things were concluded between them.

The terms were, for the inferior Officers and Common Souldiers
to go home, lay downe their Armes and be quiet, and observe all
Orders and Ordinances of Parliament ; and Sir Philip Musgrave,
Sir Thomas Tilsley, Sir Robert StricJceland, Sir William Huddleston,
and the rest of the Officers to goe beyond the seas, and to have six
months allowed to stay and provide for their going, (except the
Parliament shall in the interim doe any thing in their behalfe) they
to observe all Orders and Ordinances of Parliament, which, if they

VICTORY AT APPLEBY.

275

do not, then to have no benefit of the Articles, and to be at the
Parliament's mercy.

I have sent you herewith, a List of the Officers, and also a List
of the Ordnance, Horse, and Armes. On Munday, October 9th,
they delivered the Castle, and surrendered their Horses and Armes
that were left, most of which they had sold before, and so the num-
ber surrendred was but smal, save only 500 foot Arms in the Cas-
tle. But, however, though the soldiers paid a smal matter for them,
and indeed it was but smal, yet we have 1,200 of their Horse. For
the particulars I referre you to the inclosed.

Appleby, 11th October, 1648.

A List of the Officers surrendred, and Ordnance, Armes, Ammunition and Horse,
taken at Appleby by Col. Gen. Ashton, the 9th of Oct. 1048.

Col. Sir Philip Musgrave,

Commander in Chief
Col. Sir Tho. Tilsley 1
Col. Sir Rob. Strickland
Col. Sir Wil. Huddleston
Col. Sir Tho. Dacres
Col. Sir Phil. Blackstone
Col. Wil. Middleton
Col. Henry Chester
Col. Henry Woogan
Col. Wil. Carleton
Col. Edw. Gerhard
Col. George Denton

Col. Rich. Egerton
Col. Edw. Chesnall
Col. Gerhard Lowther
Lieut. Col. Roscarick, Go-
vernor of Appleby
Lieut. Col. Ed. Hutchinson
Lieut. Col. Phillipson
Lieut. Col. Bellingham
Lieut. Col. Ewbanke
Lieut. Col. Strickland
Lieut. Col. Crackenthorpe
Lieut. Col. Holt
Lieut. Col. Corney

Serj. Major Tho. Glasier
Serj. Major Michael Moone
Serj. Major Wil. Hodgkinson
Serj. Major Tho. Sandys
Serj. Major James Butler
Serj. Major Wil. Wandell
Capt. Henry Musgrave
Capt. John Denton
Capt. Rob. Hilton
Capt. John Hilton
Capt. Wil. Musgrave
Capt. Rich. Backster
Capt. John Tompson

1 Clarendon (Hist, of Great Rebellion, vi. 506, edit. 1826) states that Sir Thomas
Tildesley, " refusing to make any composition after the murder of the King, found
means to transport himself into Ireland to the Marquis of Ormond, with whom he
stayed till he was, with the rest of the English officers, dismissed, to satisfy the bar-
barous jealousy of the Irish, and then got over into Scotland, a little before the King
marched from thence, and was desired by the Earl of Derby to remain with him."

It will appear further, from the statements alleged to have been made by the Earl
of Derby at Chester (see the account of his trial subjoined), that Tyldesley was in
Lancashire before the King's march from Scotland, and that he fled thence to the Earl
of Derby in the Isle of Man, on the discovery of the plot against the Parliament.

276

ASHTON S REDUCTION OF APPLEBY.

Capt. Homer
Capt. Hen. Brabin
Capt. Robert Westley
Capt. Edw. Wright
Capt. Row. Beckingham
Capt. John Dracott
Capt. Edw. Re veil
Capt. Sara. Potter
Capt. John Bickley
Capt. John Harling
Capt. Peter Shepperd
Capt. Rob. Dixon
Capt. Hum. Bagguly
Capt. John Croft
Capt. Hen. Crossland
Capt. Rob. Wormley
Capt. Page
Capt. Tho. Sandford
Capt. Ralph Willie
Capt. John Bamfield
Capt. Rich. Lowther
Capt. Sara. Beale
Capt. Phil. Catroni
Capt. Francis Wood
Capt. Micha. Lyme
Capt. Thomas Leigh
Capt. Stephen Page
Capt. Ed. Lamplugh
Capt. Jo. Whelpdale
Capt. Jo. Stevenson
Capt. Rob. Leake
Capt. Lanslot Walker

Capt. Tho. Maxfield
Capt. Edw. Worley
Capt. Ro. Highington
Capt. Henry Ashton
Capt. George Hudson
Capt. Moone
Capt. Wil. Hardcot
Lieut. Wil. Hudleston
Lieut. Rich. Barker
Lieut. Bayley
Lieut. Wilfrid Carey
Lieut. Phil. Dracot
Lieut. Jo. Whiteside
Lieut. Jo. Osbaderson
Lieut. John Serjeant
Lieut. Robert Moon
Lieut. Henry Banks
Lieut. Crackenthorp
Lieut. Rob. Long
Lieut. John Hodgiton
Lieut. Chris. Rawley
Lieut. Danking
Lieut. Barth Hough
Lieut. Patrick Hamilton
Cornet Daniel Mayes
Cornet John Barchel
Cornet Richard Harford
Cornet Will. Richardson
Cornet Will. Curtis
Cornet John Cholmley
Cornet Henry Lampleigh

Cornet Richard Staindy
Cornet Tho. Bowyer
Cornet Will. Blencesset
Ensigne Henry Harling
Ensigne Henry Sewell
Ensigne John Peacock

2 Officers of the Train
Richard Walker
John Singleton

Judge Advocate,
Mr. Edward Constable

Dr. Samuel Stephens

Two Chaplains
Mr. Francis Gest
Mr. Young

A List of the Horse and
Ammunition.

5 Piece of Ordnance
1200 Horse

1000 Armes
15 Collonels

9 Lieutenants

6 Serjeant Majors
46 Captains

10 Cornets
3 Ensigns

Disbanding of the Militia of Lancashire.

Rushworth, part iv. vol. ii. 1365. Sat. Dec. 16, 1648.

" The House this day, according to former order, had the Ordinance for repealing
the former Ordinance for settling the Militia of the Kingdom read, which was
assented to, and presently transmitted to the House of Peers. An Ordinance was
likewise read for repealing the Ordnance for the Militia of the County of Lan-
caster, which was read and assented to, and transmitted to the House of Peers."

PESTILENCE IN LANCASHIRE. 277

Whitelock's Memorials, edit. 1732. March 20, 1648-9 (p. 390).

" Letters from Lancaster that the forces of Col. Aston (Ashton), about four thou-
sand, refuse to disband, profess for the Covenant, and are encouraged by the
Clergy : that Major General Lambert is gone to disband them by force, if there is
no other way."

March 27 (p. 392).

"The Lancashire forces submitted to disband, and quitted Clithero Castle.
Order for that Castle to be demolished, and that the Council of State consider
what other inland Castles are fit to be demolished."

May 24th, 1649.

A true representation of the present sad and lamentable condition of
the County of Lancaster, and particularly of the towns of Wigan,
Ashton, and the parts adjacent.

The hand of God is evidently seen stretched out upon the
county, chastening it with a three-corded scourge of sword, pesti-
lence, and famine, all at once afflicting it. They have borne the
heat and burden of a first and second war in an especial manner
above other parts of the nation. Through them the two great
bodies of the late Scottish and English armies passed, and in their
very bowels was that great fighting, bloud shed, and breaking. In
this county hath the plague of pestilence been ranging these three
years and upwards, occasioned chiefly by the wars. There is a very
great scarcity and dearth of all provisions, especially of all sorts of
grain, particularly that kind by which that country is most sustained,
which is full six-fold the price that of late it hath been. All trade,
by which they have been much supported, is utterly decayed ; it
would melt any good heart to see the numerous swarms of begging

278 PESTILENCE IN LANCASHIRE.

poore, and the many families that pine away at home, not having
faces to beg. Very many nowe craving almes at other men's
dores, who were used to give others almes at their dores — to see
paleness, nay death appear in the cheeks of the poor, and often to
hear of some found dead in their houses, or highways, for want of
bread.

But particularly the townes of Wigan and Ashton, with the
neighbouring parts, lying at present under the sore stroak of God
in the pestilence, in one whereof are full two thousand poor, who,
for three months and upwards, have been restrained, no relief to be
had for them in the ordinary course of law, there being none at pre-
sent to act as Justices of the Peace. The collections in our congre-
gations, (their only supply hitherto) being generally very slack and
slender, those wanting ability to helpe who have hearts to pity them.
Most men's estates being much drained by the wars, and now almost
quite exhauste by the present scarsity, and many other burdens in-
cumbent upon them, there is no bonds to keep in the infected hun-
ger-starved poore, whose breaking out jeapoardeth all the neigh-
bourhood, some of them already being at the point to perish through
famine, have fetch in, and eaten, carion, and other unwholesome
food, to the destroying of themselves, and increasing of the in-
fection ; and the more to provoke pity and mercy, it may be con-
sidered that this fatall contagion had its rise evidently from the
wounded Souldiers of our army left there for cure.

All which is certified to some of the Reverend Ministers of the
City of London, by the Major, Minister, and other persons of
credit, inhabitants in, or well-wishers to, and well acquainted with
the town of Wigan, together with four godly and faithful Ministers
of Lancashire by Providence in this City at present.

Now if God shall stir up the hearts of any, or more congregations
in, and about the City of London, (the premises considered) to yeeld
their charitable contribution to the necessities of these afflicted and
distressed parts and places, it wil be carefully sought after, and
thankfully received by Mr. James Wainwright, Mr. Thomas
Markelande, Mr. James Winstanley, and Mr. John Leaver, or some

PESTILENCE IN LANCASHIRE. 279

of them, and faithfully disposed according to Christian discretion,
by Major General Ashton, William Ashurst, Peter Brokes, Esquires,
Mr. Jolly, Major of Wigan, together with Mr. Richard HeyricJce,
Mr. Charles Herle, Mr. Alexander fforrockes, and Mr. James Hyet,
Ministers of the Gospel, or some of them.

Ambrose Jolly, Major \

James Bradshaw, Minister [of the town of
John Standish \ -o •]•{*%[ Wigan.
Ralph Marhland j c J

James Hyet \

Richard Hollingworth Ministers of
Isaac Ambrose ' Lancashire.

John Tilsley

280

adapter Sffi.

NOTICES OF THE EARL OF DERBY S RETIREMENT TO MAN, AND MILITARY

OCCUPATION THEREOF THE SEIZURE OF HIS CHILDREN AS HOSTAGES

BY THE PARLIAMENT HIS NEGOTIATION WITH IRETON, SUBSEQUENT

DISCUSSION WITH THE KING'S COMMISSIONERS, AND INVITATION OF

FUGITIVE ROYALISTS AND HIS PREPARATIONS FOR JOINING THE KING

IN HIS ROUTE THROUGH LANCASHIRE TO WORCESTER.

1643—1651.

1643. Between April 20, when the Earl was defeated at
Whalley, and June 6, when the Queen left York for Oxford,
Lord D. went to Man from York. See p. 99. The Perfect
Diurnall notices his presence in what it sarcastically terms " Holy
Island? on June 30. See p. 146. For this he gives the following
reasons :

" It was desired by all the gentrie that I would goe to the Queene, representing
their necessities, — which I did, leaving some considerable forces in Lancashire. —

" That same time a report was gott of some Scots, intending to assist the pre-
tended Parliament of England, that they would land in the North, and by the
way doe their endeavour to get the Isle of Man, which doubtlesse had been a
great inconvenience to his Majesties affairs for many reasons."

[Here follows an account of the Earl's wish to continue in England, and attend
the Queen to Oxford, where the King was ; and of discontents in the Isle, ob-
jections to old laws, bishops and tithes, — rescues of prisoners, — invitations of
strangers, — and the reported seizures of the Earl's ship of war there by Parliament
ships.]

" All these considered, it behoved me to prevent the mischief betimes, both for
his Majesties service, and mine own good. Her Majestie and those with her
rightly weighed the danger, as witnesse my Lord Goring, Lord Digby, Lord
Jermyn, Sir Edward Deering, and many more, — all who were of opinion that my
coming hither was necessarie ; and accordingly I did.

" Thus farr have I digressed from my intended discourse to take off that ob-
jection, if I were asked, when every gallant spiritt had engaged himself for King

derby's occupation of the isle of man. 281

and Country, why I left the land, soe wicked as to desert the cause, soe simple as
to become a neuter. —

" How others may be pleased herewith I know not, (but) rather thinke these
shorte Relations may more puzzle their mindes, if any chance to see this, but you,
my sonn, who are bound to beleive well of your father." — Memoir by James, Earl
of Derby ; Peck's Desiderata, xi. 23.

1643-4, Jan. 27. — The Earl of Derby was probably still resident
in the Isle of Man, as his name occurs in Rushworth (part iii.
vol. ii. 574) at this date, among the Peers employed in the King's
service, or absent from the Parliament at Oxford with leave.
Subsequently, the Diary of Lathom Siege notices him as returning
to England, on a summons to this Parliament. And on March 20
Lady Derby sends a messenger to him at Chester. See pp. 161, 171.

1644, May 28. The Earl once more appears in Lancashire
warfare, as commander of the forlorn of the storming party at
Bolton ; and after the storm of Liverpool, and Rupert's visit to
Lathom, Seacome mentions the urgent advice of that Prince, that
the Earl should forthwith retire to Man, partly with reference to
jealousies and suspicions at Court, and partly with the object of
sheltering the hopes of the Earl's house, his rising family, from the
uncertainties of the war. (Seacome, 112, 117.) Lord Derby,
nevertheless, is stated to have continued at Lathom until Septem-
ber. See pp. 206, 207.

1645 and 1646. The little that occurs as to Lord Derby at this
period, relates to his literary occupations, and a brief return to the
elegant pursuits from which the Civil War had drawn him.
Lodge notices one of his common-place books with the date of
1645, now in the Sloane Collection, in the British Museum ; ano-
ther, dated " 1646, Castle Rushin, in the I. of Man," is in the pos-
session of the Rev. John Webb of Tretire. He also improved the
military defences of his island, by fortifications in its centre and at
the point of Ayre, particularly noticed in Chaloner's Hist, of Man,
and raised it to that almost impregnable strength which defied the
power of the Parliament after its Lord's death in 1651, until
obtained by them under the desertion of the Countess's soldiers.
In March 1645-6, Whitelocke (p. 196) notices "a difference of

o o

282 SEIZURE of derby's children.

opinion between the Houses about the Earl of Derby" and others,
whom the Lords thought fit not to except from pardon.

1647. It is stated that the children of Lord D. (Charles Lord
Strange, Henry and William Stanley, and the Ladies Henriette
Marie, Catherine and Amelia) had visited England in 1645, under
a pass from Fairfax, with hopes of obtaining a fifth part of the
paternal estate, under an ordinance of that year. Their petition
was granted in 1647, and they were put into possession of Knows-
ley, under the protecting influence of Fairfax. The documents
are given by Seacome, 125-9.

1648. The Earl's children are stated further to have been
removed to Liverpool within a year, and there kept prisoners by
Birch, under the direction of Bradshaw, and for the alleged cause
of Lord D.'s holding Man against the Parliament. The generous
mediation of Fairfax was unsuccessful; and as late as July 1650
the Parliament, on a report from the Council of State, approved
this detention, and "a message was sent to the Earl, that if he did
continue his harsh usage of the prisoners he had of the Parliament
party, they would do the like to his family here ; and to demand
the release of the prisoners." — Whitelocke, 465.

Seacome mentions, that on the Earl's landing in Lancashire in
1651, the children were sent by Birch to Chester for greater secu-
rity ; and it will appear from many passages in the Earl's Letters
to Lady Derby and Bagaley's Narrative, that the Ladies Caroline
and Amelia were there when he was a prisoner. It is, however,
clear from the same authorities that Lord Strange was at large,
and living with his wife, the Baroness, in England ; and that
Lady Henriette Marie, -and her younger brothers William and
Edward, were with the Countess in Man.

1649. The Parliament attempted to enter into treaty with the
Earl respecting a surrender of the island to them, in consideration
of taking off the sequestration of his estates, which occasioned a
letter from him to his sovereign Charles II, then at the Hague,
and also the celebrated and indignant reply to Commissary General
Ireton (through whom the application was made to him), dated

COMMISSION OF IRETON. 283

July 12, which is printed in the State Trials, Somers' Tracts, Sea-
come's Memoirs, &c. &c.

This matter is noticed in a Tract entitled

" A Message sent from the Earl of Derby, Governor of the Isle of Man, to his
dread Sovereign Charles the II, King of Scotland, fyc. And his Lordship's Decla-
ration to his Majesty concerning the Treaty, and Major General Ireton, fyc.
Printed at York, and reprinted for W.R. 4to."

And it is also noticed, much more at length, in the following
Declaration, published as a separate Tract, and as the composition
of Lord Derby :

" A Declaration of the Right Honorable James Earl of Derby, Lord Stanley,
Strange of Knockin and of the Isle of Man, concerning his resolution to keep the
Isle of Man for His Majesties Service, against all force whatsoever. Together
with his Lordship's Letter in answer to Commissary General Ireton. 8 pp. Lond.
A.D. 1649."

This declaration bears date July 18. It is not improbable that
some uneasiness had prevailed at the Hague respecting Ireton's
commission, as on June 5 two commissions were issued there by
King Charles II to Sir Marmaduke Langdale and Sir Lewis Dives
(brother, on the mother's side, to the Earl of Bristol) to repair to
the Isle of Man, and assist the Earl in keeping the same, " both
by counsell and personal service." It appears that they reached
Man two days after the letter had been written to Ireton, and that
they advised the Earl to publish his declaration of July 18, which
is written in a turgid style, and was considered, as the Knights
admit, to be a " meer fiction," and " no whit the sence of Derby"
On this account they published the following Declaration, highly
complimentary to the Earl, and containing the preceding parti-
culars :

" A Declaration of the Noble Knights Sir Marmaduke Langdale and Sir Lewis
Dives, in vindication of the Right Honourable James Earl of Derby, and remon-
strating their Resolutions to keep the Isle of Man against all opposition in His
Majesty's Service, August the 5th, 1649. London, Printed in the Year 1649, 4to.\

In the close of the Declaration issued by the Earl of Derby on
July 18, he announces his intention to hold the Island to the

284 INVITATION OF ROYALISTS.

advantage of his Majesty, and the annoyance of all rebels and their
abettors, and cheerfully invites all his allies, friends and acquaint-
ance, " all his tenants in the Counties of Lancaster or Chester or
elsewhere, and all other loyal subjects of his Majesty, to repair to
his Island as their general rendezvous and safe harbour, where they
shall receive entertainment and encouragement as their qualities
and conditions shall require, and where we will unanimously em-
ploy our forces to the ruin of the Regicides, and their final des-
truction by land and sea." 1

There can be no doubt that the invitation so freely given was
extensively accepted, but no movement took place on the part of
the Earl before 1651, when he appears, from documents connected
with his trial, to have been in correspondence with the Scots, and
with the Presbyterian party in Lancashire. Hither Tyldesley,
Ashurst, and others, are said to have fled, when their intended
movement in that county was discovered ; and hence Derby sailed
with his two frigates, and the gallant band of devoted Royalists
entertained by him, with the intent of joining Charles in his march
to Worcester.

The result of this Expedition is given in the Tracts following. 2

1 The local excitement caused in Lancashire by these preparations was heightened
in the spring following, namely, in Feb. 1649-50, by a remarkable appearance of Par-
helia, which are descanted upon in a Tract entitled " A True Relation of strange
Apparitions seen in the Air, on Monday, 25 February, in and about the town of Bolton
in the Mores," in a letter from Ellis Bradshaw, 1650. The appearance is described at
length, as seen at midday, at the time of the weekly market ; and is also noticed in
Hollinworth's Chronicle, with reference to its appearance at Manchester, but with the
inaccurate date of Feb. 26. Instances of similar dismay and excitement caused by
another phenomenon, the Aurora Borealis, before and after this period, are noticed in
Hunter's Life of Heywood, p. 37.

2 It is proper to advert here, briefly, to a series of letters published in Mr. Cary's
Memorials of the Great Civil War, relative to the Earl's preparations for the descent on
Lancashire. They commence (p. 283) with a letter from the Duke of Buckingham to
Lord Derby, dated Stirling, July 24, and followed by one from Lord D. to his secre-
tary Browne, stating himself to be in readiness to come to Lancashire, when called,
" with five hundred good fellows in good equipage," and recommending the repetition
of the Scots' report, " that the Duke of Derby is coming with five thousand men,"
until often repeating turns jest into earnest.

PREPARATIONS FOR JOINING THE KING. 285

He also mentions his having communicated his intentions in Lancashire, that the
King may not suffer as Hamilton did, by coming without him ; and his wish that the
gentlemen in Man may know the King's desires that the Earl's commands may be
obeyed there as his own, as the effecting the security of Man would " be a service as
acceptable as if it were done in England."

Subsequent to these are a farewell letter from Lady Henriette Marie Stanley to
Tyldesley (Aug. 11), written lightly and gracefully, in a style more French than Eng-
lish, just as she learned that the adverse wind had changed for a breeze towards Lan-
cashire. Another (Aug. 12) follows from Colonel Roger Whitley at (Mierscough)
Lodge, who was then (as will appear from the following Tract) one day in advance of
King Charles in Lancashire, addressed to Sir Philip Musgrave, and praying earnestly
the attendance of himself and Tyldesley, even if Derby were detained in Man. Others
from Derby himself (Aug. 12) are addressed to Tyldesley as " Thorn" with the expla-
nation, " so I call you, lest I should offend you," dispatched from Castle Rushin to the
port at Douglas, where Tyldesley was superintending the embarkation, and all pre-
paring for the descent on Lancashire, for which a favourable wind was blowing.
These letters and the following Tract mutually illustrate each other.

286

adapter SEF.

THE MARCH OF CHARLES II THROUGH LANCASHIRE TOWARDS WORCESTER.

AUGUST 1651.

The following documents relate to the March of Charles through
Lancashire, down to the time of his skirmish with Lambert at
Warrington Bridge ; where the Royal Army turned off westwards,
towards Shrewsbury, and eventually towards Worcester, abandon-
ing the direct march on London, leaving Cromwell in their rear.
Clarendon's account of the previous proceedings of the King, and
the motives in which they originated, will be found in his History,
Edit. 1826, vol. 6, pp. 488-497; and several interesting letters on
the same subject in Cary's Memorials, 1842.

LI.

Advance of King Charles from Lancaster to Warrington.
Mercurius Politicus. No. 63, Aug. 21, 1651,^?. 1004. 1
Letter from Major-General Harrison, dated 14 Inst
Sir,
Yesterday we joyned on Hazel Moor, and are now about 6000
Horse in the van of the enemy. The Enemy made some halt on
Ellel Moor, four miles from Lancaster, but afterwards passed on
thro' Preston towards Warrington Bridge, where we have 3000
foot waiting conjunction with us from Chesh. and Staffordshire.

Cheshire hath been very forward in levies, most of the before-
mentioned foot being from thence. Six hundred of Col. Jermie's
Horse are come to Manchester, and ordered to Warrington.

1 The dates in brackets are additions to the original text.

MARCH OF CHARLES II. 287

Ibid, p. 1008, the following letter without address or signature.

Sir,
This day sennight [9th] 1 Renegade Wogan came into Kendal
with some troops, and charged the town to provide for 1000 Horse.
Upon Monday [11th] treacherous Boynton came into Lancaster
with six Troops, to make provision for 1000 Van- Curriers, com-
manded by the Duke of Buckingham; upon Tuesday [12th] the
Scots King came thither and set all the prisoners in the Castle at
liberty. Hee was proclaimed at the Crosse, and a general pardon
to all persons except some few. That night [12th] he lodged at
Aston Hall, 2 three miles from Lancaster, being Col. Wainman , s
house, where Hamilton lodged two days before the battail at
Preston, whose fate we hope attends this young man that traces
him in the same steps of Invasion. Upon Wednesday [13th] he
lodged at Myerscoe? Sir Thomas Tildesley's house, and from thence

1 The allusions in the text relate to the desertion of the Parliamentarian cause by
Captain Wogan, afterwards an active Royalist, and to Col. Boynton's alleged betrayal
of his kinsman Hotham at Hull, in 1643. See for the latter, Rushworth, part 3, vol. ii.
p. 276 ; and for the death of Wogan, in the service of Middleton in the Highlands, in
1655, see Clarendon (Edit. 1826, vii. 58). It is the subject of a well-known elegy in
Waverley, with the inaccurate date of 1649 instead of 1655.

8 Colonel Wainman was probably possessed of Ashton, under sequestration, as it
was the property of Charles Lord Gerard of Bromley, from whose family it passed by
marriage to the Hamiltons. It was the resting-place of King James in his progress
of 1617 (see Nichols's Progresses, iii. 395), and is the subject of a fine engraving in
Whitaker's Richmondshire.

3 Mierscough Lodge appears to have been as fortunate in avoiding parliamentary
sequestrations, as its gallant owner was, up to this period, in escaping the usual con-
sequences of steady and active opposition and repeated captures. In an earlier part
of the Tracts, Mierscough has been noticed as receiving King James in his progress
of 1617 (whose route was followed so far by his grandson), but in 1651 nothing
habitable remained at Hoghton, as on the former occasion, to give the next night's
repose to a royal visitor.

From a letter of Col. Whitley's, noticed in page 285, it appears that on the 12th, as
perhaps on other occasions, a part of the Court travelled in advance of Charles, as a
letter of that date was despatched from " the Lodge" to Sir Philip Musgrave, then in
the Isle of Man, and detained with his noble host by contrary winds, praying that he
and Tyldesley would join K. Charles in Lancashire, if the Earl found it impossible to
do so.

288 MARCH OF CHARLES II.

marched through Preston. Upon Thursday [14th], his foot having
the van over Bibble Bridg, that night he lodged at Euxton-Burgh, 1
six miles on this side of Preston, being Mr. Hugh Anderton" s house,
who was prisoner at Lancaster, but set at liberty by the Scots.
This Anderton is a bloody Papist, and one that when Prince Rupert
was at Bolton boasted much of being in blood to the elbows at that
cruell massacre. The last night f 15th], their King lodged at
Brine, 2 six miles from Warrington, being Sir William Gerard's
house, who is a subtle jesuited Papist. This dissembling Scot
trusts none so well in Lancashire for his hosts as the papists, which
discovers his gross hypocrisy in taking the Covenant, and may let
our English as well as Scotch Presbyters see, how they were
deceived with vain conceits of this man's Religion.

Most people of all sorts in Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lan-
cashire, fled as fast from the Scots and their King, as themselves
did from their beggarly kingdom.

Tis reported their King blames Major Ashurst for bringing him
into Lancashire, since he finds no more accesse of forces. I do
not hear that any considerable person doth openly own him since
his march into England. Wherefore we doubt not but God hath
ordered his coming hither for the more speedy and totall ruin of
him and his adherents.

Stockden Heath, 16 Aug.

1 Euxton Hall is near Leyland, and is described by Dr. Kuerden, who wrote a little
before the date of this Tract, as " an antient fabric — the present inheritance of
W. Anderton, Esq. a justice of peace under K. James, but since, a prisoner at Man-
chester." See Baines's Lancashire, iii. 452.

8 Bryn Hall, the venerable seat of the Lancashire branch of the Gerards, was
situated between Wigan and Warrington, within Ash ton in Mackerfield. An inte-
resting description of this ancient seat of a more ancient family will be found in
Baines's Lancashire (iii. 637), taken (with corrections) from notes of Mr. Barrett of
Manchester, relating not only to the architecture of the hall, but to the legends and
superstitions connected with it.

In the same work (iii. 666) will be found General Harrison's account of the skir-
mishes at Warrington, reported here in Lambert's Letters subjoined, which admirably
illustrate his adherence to the policy dictated by Cromwell, and stated by Clarendon,
vi. 493.

FORCING OF WARRINGTON BRIDGE. 289

The Forcing of Warrington Bridge, and Skirmish with Gen.

Lambert.

Perfect Diurnall, No. 89, Aug. 18-25, 1651.

Tuesday, August 19. (p. 1225.)

" This day came Letters from Lieut. Gen. Lambert, and Major
Gen. Harrison, as folio weth : On the 16 of August the enemy came
on with their whole Army, and prest to passe at the bridge, and
Fort neer it, which we had broken down and spoyled as well as
we could in so short a time. A Company of our Foot were drawn
down to the Barracadoe of the Bridge, who behaved themselves
gallantly, and gave the enemy opposition, till we saw cause to draw
off, securing their retreat by parties of Horse, which we did
because we were unwilling to engage our Army where our Horse
could not doe service through the enclosures. The enemy there-
upon hastened over their whole Army, and their King in the
Van, if not forlorne, with his own Lifeguard, (as some prisoners
told us since) and prest hard upon our Reare, whereof Col. Rich
had the guard, who wheeled off parties, and charged them thrice as
they came on, and the Lord every time caused the enemy to flie
before us.

" We killed the officer that commanded one of their parties, and
two or three Troopers, and some Countreymen since tell us that
28 of theirs were slain in the several skirmishes, and but foure of
ours that I can heare of, there, and at the bridge. As they fell
on they cried, Oh you rogues, we will be with you before your Crom-
well comes, which made us think they would presse to engage us
with all speed. We are drawing up at Knotford moore to wait
them ; but since, we heare they are marched a good part of the
night on the London Rode."

Upon the march from Knotford toward Oongleton, 1 7 Aug. 1 631,

about 9 of the Clocke.
From Lieut. Gen. Lambert thus : " I lately gave you an account
of our march to Warrington, together with my thoughts of the

p p

290 SKIRMISH WITH GENERAL LAMBERT.

untenableness of that passage, since which time the Enemy pressing
closse after us, came to Warrington Towne before we could get
the bridge broken ; it was then thought fit to draw off and endea-
vour to retreat at least to some ground where the horse might
have room to stir, the neerest being Knotsford heath, eight miles
oiF, and the way very close and full of Hedges ; we having got
some few Pioneers, cut our waies through the Hedges, and marched
our Foot on the right and left, and our Horse in the lanes. Our
businesse at first looked very ill favouredly, the Enemy having
drawn up at least 2000 Foot close to our Rearguards before we
drew off, yet through God's assistance we passed untouched for
about two miles. The enemy coming on hotly, we engaged, it not
being possible to avoyd it ; I commanded the Rear-guard, which
consisted of Com. General's, Col. Twisleton's, and mine own Regi-
ments, to charge, which accordingly they did, and routed them,
and their owne men falling foule upon their other two bodies
routed them also. We had the pursuit of them at least a mile.
We killed him who commanded the party and about eight more,
and took six prisoners, besides divers wounded ; this gave us time
to ride two miles without any more trouble, and to draw out a
new Rear-guard of Col. Rich his Regiment, which having done,
they again engaged us, and we charged them with the same suc-
cesse, killed and took the same number, and after marched quietly
to Knotsford heath, where we now are. We lost but one man in
our retreat, who was taken prisoner in pursuing too far.

" Knotsford-heath, 17, in the morning"

"A True and Full Relation of the late Skirmishes at Warrington, fyc. with the
present condition and station of our own and the enemies forces, drawn out of
severall expresses from Knotsford, Congerton, fyc. of the 17th and 18th instant. 1

" Upon the enemies advance from Chorley towards Warrington, Maj. Gen.

1 This account of the affair at Warrington has some particulars in addition to those
given in Lambert's dispatch preceding, and also in continuation of them. It will be
found in 31ercurius Politicus, 1651, p. 1010, and the Perfect Diurnall, No. 89, p. 1227.

SKIRMISHES AT WARRINGTON, ETC. 291

Lambert and Maj. Gen. Harrison inarched their forces over the Bridge at War-
rington, and at other Fords of the River, and broke down as much of the Bridge
as time would give them leave.

" On Saturday, Aug. 16, about noon, the enemies scouts came into Warrington,
and presently after a Forlorne hope of Horse and Dragoons, we having left one
Company of foote to dispute the pass at the Bridge and Ford only to amuse the
enemy (for the said passes and several other passes upon the River were not tenable
by reason of the enclosed grounds, whereby our Horse could not have room to
charge in order to the security of the foote) yet that single Company of the Cheshire
Foot disputed the Bridge and pass with the enemy above an hour and half, and
then he that commanded the foot drew them off when the Enemy began to press
hard upon him.

" Presently after the Enemy marched over the pass with Horse and Foot
towards our Rear Guard, and about two miles from Warrington a party of Scottish
Horse came on very furiously upon our Rear Guard, crying as they charged, O
you Rogues, we will bee with you before Cromwell gets up. Our Rear guard, con-
sisting of a party of Major General Lambert's, Commissary General Whalley's and
Col. Twistleton's Regiments, gave them as hot a repulse, and routed them, their
owne men falling foule upon their other two bodies, routed them also, and had the
pursuit of them at least a mile. Wee killed him that commanded that party, who
as the prisoners say was one Major Crawford, and when he fel, he cried, Wea worth
England. There were eight of the Enemies slain at that Engagement, and six
prisoners taken and many wounded.

" After this our Army marched 2 miles further, and drew forth a new Rear guard
of Col. Rich his Regiment ; and the Enemy, to regain the honor lost by the first
party of the Scots, advanced with a considerable party of English Horse, com-
manded by the Duke of Buckingham and Major General Massey, and, as some
say, the King of Scots was present with his Life Guard. Our Rear Guard charged
them, and had the same success as formerly, kild and took the same number of
men, and after that we heard no more of the Enemy ; 4 of which that were taken,
were English of the Duke of Buckingham's troop.

"We marched to Knotsford Heath, being a convenient place for our Horse to
ingage, expecting the enemy would have advanced thither ; but the van of their
army came that night about 5 or 6 miles on this side Warrington. We lost but
4 men, and one taken who ingaged too far in the pursuit.

" The enemy useth his uttermost endeavours to engage our forces in this County,
where there is so much enclosed grounds, but especially because they dread the
comming up of my Lord Generall with the Foot, and our men also here are as
forward to engage the enemy, but the consideration of the great advantage we
have by amusing and retarding the enemy in his march, till my Lord Generall
get up, and considering that the inclosed grounds in Cheshire are very inconve-

292 SKIRMISHES AT WARRINGTON, ETC.

nient for Horse to engage in, it is conceived best to continue in the present posture
of Flanking and Fronting the Enemy, till we have a conjunction with other forces,
unless they press hard and force an Engagement, and then (God willing) our
Forces are resolved in some open plain to fight them, we having 9000 Horse and
Dragoons, and between 3 or 4000 foot to give them Battell.

" The Enemy still hovers about Northwich, not knowing what course to take,
being without peradventure put to new Counsels by reason they see that by their
delay in Lancashire they have lost their friends in the South, and that not one
County in England, notwithstanding their march so far, appeares in the least kinde
for them, but every County raises Forces against them.

" The Earl of Derby after all the great noise is landed with 250 Foot and 60
Horse unarmed, as our best intelligence doth certifie.

" By the enemies last motion being from Northwic h onward between Namptwich
and Chester, it seems as though they intended for North Wales, but by all that
we can understand they seem to be at a great loss in their Councels what way to
take. Col. Birch, Governor of Liverpool, intends to take a speedy course with
those landed with the Earl of Derby."

Several Proceedings in Parliament from Thursday, the 2 I of August, to Thursday,
the 28 day of August, 1651. No. 100, page 1534.

Thursday, 21 August, 1651.

" A Letter from the Gouvernour of Liverpoole informes what a molehill that
mountain, the Earle of Derby and his forces from the Isle of Man, doth prove,
that is to say, 60 poore horse and 250 foot.

" The Major. Gen. quartered the 20 day at Uttoxeter.

" Right Honourable,

" We being now nearest the Enemy, take ourselves obliged to give you this
accompt of the motion. The last night they were incamped upon Blore Heath,
in this County, not farre from Dreyton, amongst whom we sent a souldier the last
night, who had a view of them, being near their King's tent there ; we had also a
Gentleman this morning who had a view of their march yesterday.

" They have betwixt 5000 and 6000 weak Horse, and some 6 or 7000 very
sickly Foot. We hear further that on Sunday night 1 last my Lord of Derby came
up to them, who brought with him some 60 Horse, most Gentlemen, and returned
back towards Lancashire, where he has left some 200 Foot to raise more.

1 This would be Sunday, August 17. This letter to the Speaker has neither signa-
ture nor date, but appears to be a joint communication from Majors- General Lambert
and Harrison, and it should be compared with the extract from Burnet in p. 293.

MARCH OF THE ROYALISTS. 293

" This day we have an account that they are moved with their body to Newport,
where we suppose their head quarters will be this night. We shal to the utmost
of our abilities endevour in all things to approve ourselves

" Your Honour's faithfull

" and most humble servants."

Blakeways Shrewsbury (vol. i. p. 467) continues the march of the Eoyal Army,
thus diverted, by Drayton, Newport and Long Norton, to Shrewsbury, adding the
Royal Summons to Col. Mack worth, the Governor thereof, and his reply to " the
Commander in Chief of the Scottish Army." On the 22nd of August the King
reached Worcester, where Cromwell routed him on Sept. 3.

In Burnet's Memoires of the Dukes of Hamilton, will also be found much relative
to the subjects of the successive irruptions of Hamilton in 1648, and Charles II
in 1651. His account of the Duke's march from Carlisle to Uttoxeter, in parti-
cular, will be found to possess great interest, but is avowed to be merely a compo-
sition from " divers relations of very worthy gentlemen," and not to be taken from
possible notes of the Duke, which, if written, were destroyed or fell into the enemy's
hands.

In the account of the skirmish at Warrington on August 16, 1651 (edit. 1677,
p. 427) the Duke of Hamilton is stated to have pressed a " march streight to
London," conformably with the wish of the army and the apprehensions of Lam-
bert, who had taken the London road ; " but the English nobility and gentry who
were in the army, and the Earl of Derby, who with many gentlemen came to the
army that niyht, gave many reasons against that inarch."

The interview of the Earl with Charles in Cheshire, must therefore be fixed for
Aug. 17th, according to the preceding letter, or Aug. 16th, according to Burnet's
statement, as the reader prefers.

294

adapter SF.

LANDING OF THE EARL OF DERBY IN LANCASHIRE DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN

HIM AND THE PRESBYTERIAN LEADERS HIS INTERVIEW WITH CHARLES

IN CHESHIRE, WHO SENDS HIM BACK TO LANCASHIRE LILBURN's VIC-
TORY AT WIGAN DEATH OF TYLDESLEY — ESCAPE OF DERBY TO THE

ROYAL HEAD-QUARTERS AT WORCESTER DISPERSION OF THE KING'S

ARMY, AND SUCCESSIVE DISCOMFITURES OF THE SCOTS IN THEIR FLIGHT
THROUGH LANCASHIRE.

The documents cited previously (p. 285), left Derby on the point of embarkation.
Clarendon (Hist. Great Rebellion, vol. vi. 496, edit. 1 826), writing of the King's
march through Lancashire, says, " In Lancashire, the Earl of Derby met him ;"
then proceeds to mention its being advised " unfortunately that the Earl of Derby,
&c, should return into Lancashire, in order to raise the well-affected in those two
counties of Lancashire and Cheshire," and adds, " the Earl had a body of near two
hundred horse, consisting for the most part of Officers and Gentlemen, which
deprived the army of a strength they wanted."

Seacome (original edit. p. 129) states, that the Earl being called to meet Charles
II in Lancashire, with full assurance that not only his own party, but the presbytery
would join him in order to his Majesty's Restoration in England, hastened over,
bringing with him above three hundred Gallant Gentlemen, who had sojourned
with him in the Isle of Man. He adds that the King had passed through Lanca-
shire three days before his arrival, but left General Massey to receive him.

The preceding Tract describes the King's passage through Warrington on Aug.
16, and a document given in page 292 seems to fix Derby's landing in Lancashire
on the same day. Seacome states that he hasted to Warrington, where that very
night the Major-General Massey brought in many of the Presbyterian party to his
Lordship, 1 who made the taking the Covenant and removal of Papists essential to
their joining him; that the Earl declined the proposal, adding that he had men
enough, " but all the arms are in your possession, without which, I shall only lead
naked men to slaughter ; however, I am determined to do what I can with the

1 Compare the similar discussions between the King, Gen. Massey, and the Minis-
ters in the Royal Army, as given by Clarendon, vi. 496 ; and the forebodings of
Lesley as to the feelings of the Scottish troops, when marching towards Worcester,
ib. 498.

derby's INTERVIEW WITH CHARLES. 295

handful of Gentlemen now with me for his Majesty's service, and if I perish, I
perish, but if my Master suffer, the blood of another Prince, and all the ensuing
miseries of this nation, will lie at your doors :" upon which his Lordship took horse,
having with him only the worthy gentlemen that came from the Isle of Man, and
some few of the Royal Party that were come in to him. (Seacome, pp. 129-130,
original edit.)

Leaving it to the reader to fix the Earl's interview with Charles in Cheshire on
August 16th or 17th, as he may prefer the authority of the letter already cited or
that of Burnet, his disembarkation in Wyer Water would most probably take
place on the morning of the king's passing into Cheshire. If it had been earlier,
the meeting would have been in Lancashire. On the Earl's return to Lancashire, it
would be clear of enemies, excepting Parliamentary garrisons. Lambert had
followed the king southwards, and Lilborne had not yet reached the Yorkshire border.

On the 19th, Massey informs Lord Derby (by letter from Cadishead in Eccles)
that he was kept in check by Lilborne's Horse advancing from the north upon
Middleton, but that he and Col. Ashurst would still meet " those gentlemen," and
presses Lord D. to attack the wearied Parliamentarian Cavalry, whom he (Massey)
would not allow to pass Manchester, if it were not for the long march he should
have to take in following the King. (Cary's Memorials, p. 325.)

The next view of Lilburne's and Birch's movements, is given by the Perfect
Diurnal, No. 90, p. 1428, Sept. 1 .

" Massey was left with the Earl of Derby in Lancashire, but upon approach of
some of our Horse, he is marcht away, and joined with the army, having with him
not above fifty Horse."

"The enemy stayed but three nights in Cheshire, and they marcht toward
Worcester. Col. Lilborne, with his Regiment, quartered at Prescot on Thursday
night, and the same night the Earl of Derby was at Crineschurch, 1 but seven
miles from Col. Lilborne's quarters, and on Friday 300 good Foot marched out of
Chester and all the Foot that could be raised in Liverpool or those parts of Lancas-
ter, to joyn with Col. Lilborn's Horse, to set on my Lord ; and likewise all the
shipping wafted out of the River of Liverpool, and set saile with a faire winde for
Wyerwater, the place where the Frigots rid, that brought the Lord over with his
company to surprize them, and prevent his Lordship from escaping away by
water. Two of their best Frigots being split already, in running so neare the
shore to land their Horses, so that if he be alive its very probable he is a prisoner
before this.

Cary's Memorials, vol. ii. p. 333. A letter from Lord Derby's Secretary to
Col. Ashurst (Aug. 22), informs him that the approach of the enemy said to be
Lilburne, to Wigan, had prevented circulation of letters. The Earl's Address "to
the Gentlemen of Lancashire," subjoined to this letter, mentions his interview with

1 An error of the press for Ormskirk.

296 lisburn's victory at wigan.

Charles in Cheshire, the King's wish for Massey's mediation, and the Earl's own
wish (as Massey and the King had both advanced southwards), that he might be
enabled to arrange matters by mutual forgiveness, and by such a reasonable measure
of satisfaction to moderate and just desires, as would leave those without excuse
who did not engage with him in the present service.

The following Tracts relate to the eventful Battle of August xxv.

LIL

A Great Victory by the Blessing of God obtained by the Parliaments
forces against the Scots forces, commanded by the Earl of Derby,
on the 25 of August 1651, near Wiggon in Lancashire, certify ed
by a letter from Col. Lilburne and two letters from Chester, also a
Letter from Col. Birche to Mr. Speaker. Imp. Hen. Scobel,
Cler. Par.

1500 Totally Routed.

Earl of Derby wounded and pursued towards Bolton.
L. Widdrington mortally wounded and taken prisoner.
400 Prisoners taken, amongst which many Officers and Gentle-
men of note.

Slaine.
3 Knights and divers Collonels and other considerable Officers

and Gentlemen.
With a list of the Chief particulars of the Victory.
Imprimatur Hen. Scobel, Cleric Parliamenti.
London, printed for Robert Ibbetson dwelling in Smithfield neare
Hosier Lane end (MS. date Aug. 29.)

1. A Letter from Col. Thomas Birche to the Right Honourable

"William Lenthall, Esq. Speaker of the Parliament of the

Common Wealth of England.

Sir,
It pleased the Lord yesterday to give an utter overthrow by

lilburn's victory at wigan. 297

Col. Lilburnes Regiment of Horse to the Earle of Derbie, who was
raising men here in this County for the Scots King. The Earl at
his comming over from the Isle of Man, brought but 300 men,
whereof 60 were horse, but landing about the middle of the shire
when the Scots army were passing out of it, he had the better
opportunity by our distractions to march up to Warrington to them,
and there he had the assistance of Major-General Massey with
a regiment of Horse to countenance his proceedings, while he
gathered more to him, who afterwards leaving him when the Earl's
forces were reputed considerable to carry on the worke, and there
being none in this County left competent to make opposition, but
all marched out with the army ; I sent both to my Lord Generall
and the Major-Generalls, to acquaint them with it, whereupon Col.
Lilburne came very opportunely, yet the enemy being stronger in
foote and securing himselfe betwixt two rivers, he was not to be
attempted by Horse only, and all that could be afforded in assist-
ance were two foot companies from Chester, one of my Regiment
left about Manchester, not being so ready as the rest to march out,
and what musketeers I horsed from hence with some few country-
men. But since my Lord General's owne Regiment of foote
being sent up, and within one dayes march, the enemy attempted
towards the Scots army, and being pursued by Col. Lilburnes
Regiment and the small addition before named, without the con-
junction of my Lord Generall's Regiment, it pleased God to give
them an absolute overthrow, as the inclosed from Col. Lilburne
intimates ; the number of prisoners and the slaine with their quali-
fications I cannot yet give further account of, but I hope the
successe prevents all designs in these parts. I must excuse for this
distracted letter, and ever am, Sir,

Your most reall and humble servant
Liverpool, Aug. 26, 1651. Tho. Birche.

Q Q

298

For the Eight Honourable Will. Lenthall, Esq. Speaker of the
Parliament of the Common Wealthe of England, at West-
minster, these present.
Honoured Sir,

The Lord hath been pleased this day to appear for us, in the
total rout and overthrow of the Lord of Derby and his forces,
which was increased to about 1500; he himself, though wounded,
escaped, though narrowly. I would only intreat you to send out
what Horse you have, or can get to ride up and downe the Country
to gather up straglers : I cannot enlarge myselfe at present, but I
entreat you to accept of this from him that desires to express him-
selfe

Your very humble servant,
Wiggan, 25 Aug. 1651. Robert Lilburne.

Your Ammunition is come safe.

The Lord of Derby I heare is fled towards Bolton, but his sump-
tures and treasures are here. We intended for Manchester this
night, and had hopes to take my Lord Gen. Regiment of foot, and
to have had five hundred men in readinesse to join with them.
The Lord Witherington cannot live long, Colonel Boynton and
Tildesley are slaine, and others very considerable. I have divers
Colonells prisoners.

For my honoured friend Coll. Birche, Governour of Liwrpoole,
these.

A letter from Chester.
Sir,

The last night within three miles of Wigan, your forces engaged
the Earl of Derby, and put them to a perfect rout, about 400
prisoners taken.

The Lord Widdrington mortally wounded, Sir Francis Gamul, 1

x See correction of the statement respecting Sir, F. Gamul in p. 306.

lilburn's victory at wigan. 299

Colonel Tildesley, Col. Throgmorton, Col. Trollop and Galliard and
divers others of quality are slain.

About a Clock this day the Countrymen brought in about
ten stubborn resolute Gentlemen of the scattered party. Whither
the Earl is fled is doubtful, but it's certain he is wounded, and of
1500 men, not any left to engage.

Chester, 26 August 1651.

Another letter from Chester.

Honoured Sir,

I could not but let you know what an earnest the Lord hath
given us of what undoubtedly he will do in a far larger manner.
Yesterday about 3 of the Clocke the Forces that were under Col.
Lilbume, with 200 from this Garrison, fell upon the Earle of Derby
near Wiggan in Lancashire, who had gotten about 1500 together.
The dispute was hot for near an hour, but then the Lord decided
the Controversie, and the Earl's Forces totally routed, the Earl
himself wounded, but escaped, the Lord Widdrington mortally
wounded, Sir Tho. Tildesley, Sir Wil. Throgmorton, Sir Fran.
Gamull, Col. Boynton, Col. Trollop, Lieut. -Col. Galliard, and
many others of quality slaine, 400 prisoners taken, whereof many
of them were Officers and Gentlemen. We were not half their
number, and scarce halfe of them could come up to charge, but
the Lord hath wonderfully made known his power, and I am con-
fident will go on to perfect his great work. We lost no Officer
that we yet hear of, and not above 10 or 12 in all. Let God have
all the glory.

Chester, 26 Aug. 1651. Jo. Whitworth.

A list of the cheife particulars of the Victory.
1500 totally routed.

Earl of Derby wounded and pursued towards Bolton.
Lord Widdrington mortally wounded and taken prisoner.
400 Prisoners taken, amongst which many Officers and persons
of note.

200 lilburn's letters.

Who were slaine.
Sir Thomas Tildesley Col. Trollop

Sir William Throgmorton Lieut.-Col. Galliard

Sir Francis Gamul and divers others.

Col. Boynton
29 Aug. 1651. Imprimatur

Hen. Scobel, Cleric. Parliamenti.

LIU.

Two Letters from Col. Robert Lilburne, the one to the Honourable Wil-
liam Lenthall, Esq., Speaker of the Parliament, the other to his
Excellency the Lord Generall, containing the particulars of the
totall Rout and Overthrow of the Earl of Derby, and the Forces
under his command, in Lancashire, on the 25th of August, 1651.
By the Parliament forces under the said Colonel Robert Lilburne.
Imprimatur Hen. Scobel, Cleric. Parliaments.

London : Printed for Robert Ibbitson, dwelling in Smithfield, neare
Hosier Lane-end, 1651. (MS. date Aug. 30. 1 )

Mr. Speaker,
My Lord Generall being pleased to command me to stay here to
assist the well-affected against the Lord Derby, who was then at
Warrington in this County, with some considerable force both from
the Isle of Man, and which he had from the Scots army, wherewith
he did not only much encourage the Enemies, but also discourage
all the well-affected in these Counties of Lancashire and Cheshire,
and whereof he thought himselfe wholly Master (as indeede he was),
and none in those Counties were able, or durst appear against him;

1 Copies of these letters, in modern orthography, without the particular addresses
and the results of the victory, were printed in Cary's Memorials (vol. ii. pp. 338-345),
from the originals in the Bodleian Library, after this work was prepared for the press.
The variations between these copies and the letters, as printed in the Tracts, are few
and unimportant.

301

and began to beate Drums, and raise men in all places where he
came, and would have been very strong in a short time, not only
through the accesse of many Malignants, Papists, and disaffected
Persons, but that assistance the Ministers and those who are called
Presbyterians afforded, and would more abundantly have appeared,
for they are the men who are grown here more bitter and envious
against you than others of the old Cavaliers stamp ; the power of
the Almighty was very much seene in the total overthrow (I hope)
of that wicked designe which was laid and hatched not only here,
but through the whole North of England, which was getting into
the like posture, as you may further understand by those papers I
have here sent you ; but that God who hath all along appeared
with us and for us, hath shewed himself very good, and powerful
in the discipating of this Enemy, who was about fourteen to fifteen
hundred strong ; I had only three companies of Foot, about fifty
or sixty Dragoons, and about thirty Horse from Liverpoole, with
my own wearied and somewhat scattered Regiment through our
tedious March from Scotland, and hard duty we had here.

Yesterday morning, about eleven or twelve a clock in the night,
the Enemy marched from Preston, we lying within two or three
miles of them, where we expected those supplyes of Forces which
came not, some of our intelligence informing us the Enemy were
running away towards their army with what they had gotten ; we
pursued them hither with some confidence, that that intelligence
was true, and the rather we believed it because of some dis-
couragement we put upon them the day before ; but upon our
approach hither we found it otherwise, for they were bending their
course towards Manchester, where they had not only very great
hopes of surprising my Lord Generall's Regiment of Foot, but also
assurance of the assistance of five hundred men in and about that
Towne, but, upon the sight of our near approach, they unex-
pectedly put themselves in a posture of fighting with us, which then
we endeavoured to decline, in regard to the very great advantage
they had by their many Foote and Hedges, and the danger we ap-
prehended my Lord Generall's Regiment of Foot at Manchester to

302 lilburn's letter to the speaker.

be in, we were drawing off, thinking to have marched in the left
flanke of them thither, to have gained a conjunction with our
Friends, who too, had order to march that day to me to Preston ;
we had thought to have met them on the way, having sent severall
messengers to let them know both the Enemies and our motion, but
the enemy perceiving us to draw off, quickly advanced upon us with
their Horse and Foot, which we perceiving, and that we could not
goe off safely enough, we fell to dispute with them, which lasted
almost one houre ; our horse being not able to doe any service but
in Lanes, and they overpowering us so much in Foot, made the
businesse very difficult that we hardly knew whose the day would
be for so long ; but therein was the Salvation of God the more seen,
and the greater opportunity we had to destroy them. I desire that
he may have the praise and glory of that happy successe he was
pleased to give unto his poor creatures. Having given you this
narrative in general, which I thought it my duty to doe, this
inclosed list will inform you further of the particulars. I desire the
Lord would teach us to walke in some way answerable to those
manifold and gracious Dispensations he daily gives us experience
of, and manifests his love to us, in that, His name may be magni-
fied in all we doe in our severall places and stations ; this great
mercie to us here I hope is the earnest of his further tendernesse to
the great concernment of all good people in this Nation, which is
the hearty desire of

Your faithfull and most humble Servant to my power,

Rob. Lilburne.

This Bearer was all the while in the Engagement, and is able to
give you a further Relation.

I have not lost an Officer in this Engagement, but one Corporal,
and not above ten souldiers slaine, but very many wounded.

Present these
To the Right Honourable William Lenthall, Esq., Speaker of the
Parliament of the Common Wealth of England, — Haste.

LILBURN's LETTER TO CROMWELL. 303

A List of the Prisoners taken at Wiggan, August 25th, 1651.
Col. Throgmorton All their Baggage and Sump-
Col. Rich. Leg tures, Armes and Ammu-
Col. John Robbinson nition, the L. Derbies
CoL Baynes three Cloakes with Stars,
Col. Ratcliffe Gerret his George, Garter, and
Adjutant General other Robes.

Lieut-Col. Creson Rigby

Lieut-Col. Francis Baynes Slaine and dead since they

Lieut-Col. Galliard were taken.

Lieut-Col. Constable The L. Witherington

Major Gower Major-Gen. Sir Tho. Tilsley

Four Captains, 2 Lieutenants Col. Math. Boynton

One Quarter-master Major Chester

Twenty Gentlemen and Re- Major Trollop, and divers

formadoes others of quality, whose

400 Private Prisoners names are not yet brought

in, besides 60 private men

May it please your Excellency,
Upon the receipt of your Orders to stay here with my Regiment,
I inarched that day from Stopport to this town, which was 22 miles,
before I rested ; hearing the Enemy was here, and thinking I might
have a little surprized them, but they were gone to Chorley. The
next day I marched after them towards Preston, and lay within two
miles of them onely with my own Regiment, and about 60 Horse
and Dragoons, which is all the Country could assist me with all this
while (saving onely one Company from Manchester of Foote, and
two from Chester, which have been with me two days. That night
I sent 40 Horse to alarm them (who then wounded Col. Vere)
hearing they were to have a Rendezvous at Preston the next day.
I did that to give notice to the Town and Country I was there to
oppose the Earle, and to stay the people from rising with him, who
reported it, that none of our Forces was in that Country, and
made the Country beleeve all was their owne, which the people

304

generally tooke for granted, and was comming in apace, as by these
inclosed you may perceive.

The next day, in the afternoone, I having not foot with me, a
party of the Enemies Horse fell smartly amongst us where our
Horses were grasing, and for some space put us pretty hard to it ;
but at last it pleased the Lord to strengthen us so as that we put
them to the flight, and pursued them to Bibble-bridge, (this was
something like our businesse at Mussleburgh) and kild and took
about 30 prisoners, most Officers and Gentlemen, with the loss of
two men that dyed next morning ; but severall wounded, and divers
of our good Horses killed. That night came three Companies of
Foot, and the next morning hearing of your Excellencies Regiment
cumming towards Manchester, I only removed two miles to a more
convenient ground, thinking to have staied there till your Regiment
could come, which I expected this day, but their weariness frus-
trated that expectation, and this morning I had intelligence that
the Enemy was upon their march, which I thought was a running
away from us, being they began at 1 1 in the night, and marched so
fast and privately, but their confidence was much otherwise raised,
having increased their number at Preston, and that ingagement of
the Priests and Manchester ians (who are very malignant) to assist
them with 500 men and Armes, and the hopes that they had of sur-
prizing your Excellencies Regiment, put them into great heart, that
when we appeared here (thinking we had been, as it were, pursuing a
flying Enemy), they shewed a great deale of courage by a mighty
shout they gave beyond the Towne in sight of us, in the way
towards Manchester, which we observing, together with the advan-
tage which they had of us in these grounds, and hearing their
number of foot was much increased, and the danger your Regiment
was in, put us upon new thoughts when they were at one end
of the Town, and we at the other, and resolved rather to de-
cline engaging with them here than hazard the loss of your Regi-
ment, and put ourselves upon an Engagement upon too much dis-
advantage, they exceeding us much in Foot, and we having no
grounds to fight our Horse upon, we were drawing off, thinking to

LILBURN's LETTER TO CROMWELL. 305

have marched in the Flanke of them towards Manchester, to have
gained a conjunction with our friends there ; but they seeing it, pre-
sently drew through the towne to fall upon us, which we observing,
and being so neere to them, resolved to trust God with the issue ;
and he was graciously pleased to give us a comfortable successe to
the praise of His great name, in a totall rout of our Enemies, who
were increased to about 14 or 1500, and I had only my own Regi-
ment, and those three companies of foot, and the sixty Horse and
Dragoones. The dispute lasted almost an Houre, and very difficult
to us, they overlaying us so with Foot (not have ground for our
Horse, but the laine to fight in) the same place where my Regi-
ment beate up Hambleton^s Reare ; but at last God gave us the
day, and I desire that He alone may have the praise for that great
Salvation he shewed to us, a Company of poore creatures.

As for the Particulars, I cannot yet give a very exact account
to your Excellency, but onely that the Lord Derby is sore hurt,
but escaped, though narrowly ; the Lord Widdrington, and Col. Sir
William Throgmorton dying; and Tildesley and Boynton slain, and
several other very considerable persons of great quality, and about
sixty souldiers, and we have taken most of their Colours, and
about 400 prisoners. 1

1 The statement of this affair as given by Seacome (p. 131) is, that Derby, after
leaving the Presbyterian delegates at Warrington (see p. 295), issued out warrants at
Preston, and mustered six hundred horse, with which he marched to Wigan to meet
Lilburn, who had eighteen hundred dragoons, and had formed a junction at Manchester
with the infantry of the militias of Lancashire and Cheshire, making altogether three
thousand.

The Earl's advance (on Aug. 25) is said to have been retarded by the musqueteers
who lined the hedges, but at last two charges were made by him, which were said to
have cut through the enemy. In a third, Lord Widdrington and Sir Thomas Tyl-
desley were slain, and one half of the six hundred Royalists having fallen, Lord Derby
with difficulty cut through the enemy, and obtained concealment in Wigan until his
escape was secured.

The first shelter in his flight (Hughes's Diary, Boscobel Tracts, p. 28) was given by
a Royalist family near Newport, on the edge of Shropshire and Staffordshire, and his
subsequent concealment afforded by the House of Boscobel, where he remained two
days, and on the night of the 31st " set off with the impatience of a gallant spirit to

R R

306 lilburn's letters.

I thank God I lost not one Officer, nor above ten Souldiers that
I can hear of, but many Horses kild, and spoiled with their pikes,

join the King at Worcester, where he arrived just on the eve of the approaching
battle."

The close of his history is the subject of the next Chapter.

Tyldesley, who (as appears by a subsequent document) was to have acted as the
Earl's second in command, if the King's expedition had succeeded, and who occupies
so distinguished a place in the preceding pages, was noticed in p. 275, as conducting
the retreat of Duke Hamilton's Lancashire auxiliaries to the time of their surrender at
Appleby. Clarendon mentions his subsequent services in Ireland under Ormond, and
his passing to Scotland shortly before Charles's movement into England ; and from a
document mentioned hereafter, it appears that he was communicating with Derby's
friends on the King's behalf in Lancashire, when a discovery took place, and he fled to
Man. In this island he last occurred (previous to his final reappearance in Lanca-
shire) as directing the preparations for Derby's expedition to England. See p. 285.

There is an unintelligible and very inaccurate passage in Lloyd's Memoires, p. 692,
respecting Tyldesley being buried in one grave with Sir Francis Gamul, who certainly
survived to 1654, although included by error among the slain in the first account of
Wigan fight. The same statement is inaccurate also as to Tyldesley. After his
heroic death in the battle-field, and his escape thereby from the scaffold, this last
named officer was interred in the north chancel of the church of Leigh, appendant to
his ancient mansion of Morleys, where the Earl of Derby, seven weeks afterwards, in
his way to execution at Bolton, made an unavailing request to visit his grave.

Tyldesley is honourably commemorated by Clarendon, and the long series of his
exploits, enumerated in the Index, proves that he deserved such remembrance. Ano-
ther memorial (of a more solid, but less durable description, than Clarendon's praise)
is the Pillar in Wigan Lane, erected by his " grateful cornet, Alexander Rigby."

Considering the adverse zeal of Tyldesley, the ruling powers may be said to have
dealt gently with him. He was thrice prisoner, but always at liberty and in arms
again ; and no forfeiture is known to have followed his decease, at least so far as
related to his estates in Astley and Tyldesley, the latter of which passed by sale to the
Editor's family (after intermediate alienations) in the early part of the last century.
A fine portrait of General Tyldesley is given in Baines's Lancashire, from an original
painting at Hulton Hall.

Edward Tyldesley, son of the Royalist, had for his reward a place in the list of the
intended Knights of the Royal Oak. In 1715, Edward Tyldesley, of the Lodge, was
in arms at Preston, and (according to the report of the trial in the Historical Register)
escaped solely by the favour of the jury. Several documents remain among the depo-
sitions in the Tower in 1716, relative to this Edward, and to his aunt the Lady Abbess
Tyldesley, presiding over a " rich Augustine nunnery at Paris," and the patroness of
him and his political friends. The last notice of any known male descendant of Sir
Thomas that has occurred, is a local tradition of James Tyldesley riding into Leigh,
at the head of some of Prince Charles's adherents in the irruption of 1745.

lilbtjrn's letters. 307

which I hope your Excellency will be pleased to consider and
repaire. The Country now begins to bringe in Prisoners, and to
shew themselves to mee, but before but a few appeared. The
Enemies word was Jesu, and their signal a White about their
Arme, our word was Providence, and signal Greens. I am (my
Lord) Your Excellencies

Wiggan, 25 Aug. 1651, Most humble Servant,

late in the Evening. Rob. Lilburne.

30 Aug. 1651, Imprimatur

Hen. Scobel, Cleric Parliarnenti.

LIV.

Another Victory in Lancashire obtained against the Scots by Major-
General Harrison <§r Collonel Lilburn, with the talcing of Lieut.-
Gen. David Lesley, Maj. Gen. Middleton <$• other eminent officers
and Commanders with 600 private soldiers, horse and arms, fy a
list of the particulars. Also the death of Maj. Gen. Massey and
Duke Hamilton, and the Scots King going with Hind the great
Robber. Together with the manner of my Lord Generall Crom-
welVs coming, and noble reception by the City of London, and an
account of the Scots Prisoners which marched through the City on
Saturday last.

London: Printed by B. A. mdcli.

[The Commencement of the Tract relates to the procession of the Members of
Parliament and others to meet Cromwell, — his triumphant entry into London, on
returning from Worcester, — the disposal of the Scots prisoners on Hampstead
Heath, and the subsequent parading of them through the City and Westminster,
as prisoners at mercy, but as objects that met with great commiseration and cha-
rity.]

Major-General Harrison, Col. Lilburn, Lieut. Gen. Fleeticood

308 CAPTURE OF LESLEY.

and most of my Lord General's Horse are active in gathering up
of such as escaped at the fight and are dispersed ; the Maj. Gen. 1
is advanced after a party of the enemies horse, with whom were
Middleton and David Lesly which went towards Lancashire: and
you are to observe this by the way, that much about the same
time that my Lord Gen. came to London, viz. on Fryday about 5
of the Clock, 2 there came Letters which advertized that Lieut.
Gen. Lesley? Maj. Gen. Middleton, with many other officers of
note, and about 600 private soldiers are taken prisoners at a town
called Middleton in Lancashire ; it is also reported that D. Ham-
bleton and Massey, who were taken prisoners, are dead, but I leave
the certainty thereof to further relations. 4

We also understand that the town of Middleton 5 (which proves
fatal to him of that name) is on the further part of all Lancashire,
toward the sea, and if the enemy had had any time to stay without
being pursued, it's likely they had some hopes of getting over into
the Isle of Man. These are those Scots that were at Sandbatch
about a week since, and killed 6 or 7 of the country people, which
caused the rest to rise. 6

1 Major Gen. Harrison's own letter from Preston to the speaker (Sept. 7), preserved
among the Tanner MSS. Bodl. Lib. Oxford, is printed in Cary's Memorials, ii. 378, and is,
of course, antecedent in date to the success here mentioned, which he then anticipated.

8 Friday, Sept. 12.

3 Clarendon (vi. 514, ed. 1826) says that Lesley reached Yorkshire with above fifteen
hundred horse in a body, which were probably those mentioned in Harrison's letter, —
namely, " the greatest body that is left of the enemy, being about one thousand, turned
off some way towards Yorkshire." It does not appear what route Lesley took thence
across Lancashire.

4 Duke Hamilton died of his wounds at Worcester, and Massey was erroneously sup-
posed to be on his death-bed. He was prisoner at Groby in Leicestershire, and " the
Declaration of General Massey on his Death-bed at Leicester," was published in a
Tract so entitled. (King's Tracts, Brit. Mus. 507-15.)

5 Middleton lies about four miles S. W. of Lancaster, on the edge of Morecambe
Bay.

6 The Scottish horse commanded by Lesley, in the close of the evening of the day
of Worcester fight, after little participation of the labours of that day, took " the more
direct way northwards by Newport, his Majesty being only left attended" by some
noblemen and gentlemen, "in all about sixty horse." (Boscobel Tracts, p. 190.) In

OTHER RESULTS OF THE VICTORY.

There is now taken a tall young gentleman, 1 which there was
some thoughts at first to be the Scots King, but it proves other-
ways. Since the escape of this party of Scots northwards, we hear
that Sir William Hart and others of quality are taken, besides
those before spoken of, and near 20 that were taken prisoners at
their coming over Warrington Bridge, 2 and carried to Chester, are
already tried by a Council of war, and have received (at the least)
sentence to be shot to death.

And truly there is great cause that we should blesse God, and
sing aloud of his praises for the great and seasonable deliverance
we have now had in making bare his glorious arm against such as
had lifted up their hands, and decreed amongst themselves against
the lives and estates of us and our children. Let us therefore be
ever mindful of his works, and the wondrous things which he hath
done for us.

this number was included the Earl of Derby, who delivered his Sovereign to his
own former protector, William Penderel, at Boscobel, with the charge, " This is the
King. Thou must have a care of Him, and preserve Him, as thou didst me." Mr.
Hughes (p. 36) observes that the Scots were only to be kept to their ranks " by a
retrograde movement." According to Merc. Politic. (No. 66, p. 1059) they were at
Sandbach at three o'clock in the afternoon of the day after the battle, described to be
at least forty miles distant, but really distant about eighty miles by any road, and
upwards of seventy miles direct. The Sandbach affair is given in Hist. Chesh. iii. 60.

1 The Tract cited above (note 4 , p. 308) appears to allude to this " young gentleman"
in an inaccurate statement as to Charles II (described as Captain General of the Scots)
being constrained to force his way at Didsbury, near Manchester, when accompanying
the retreat, " through the midst of forty clubmen, who laid at him with their clubs, and
yet could not bring him to the dust." This young man is mentioned in many docu-
ments, and the mistake respecting him may have aided in some degree the confusion
respecting Charles's line of flight. In some tracts he is identified with Sir William
Hart, here mentioned as a distinct person. The latter (Lloyd's Memoirs, p. 699) is
described as a person " cut out by nature for superiority and command, being, like
Saul, taller by the head and shoulders than his brethren."

8 There is some confusion in this statement, which, however, appears to relate to
captives taken in the advance of the Scots. In the retreat they passed, to the amount
of five" hundred, " at Hollin Ferry, near Warring ton, the bridge being kept against
them." (Harrison's Letter of Sept. 7, cited above.) Part of these were taken near
Bolton le Moors,— and others, including the Earl of Kenmore and Col. Hume, nearer
Lancaster. — Cary's Memorials, ii. 374.

310

PRISONERS TAKEN AT MIDDLETON.

A list of Prisoners Horse and Arms taken.

Lieut. Gen. David Lesley

Maj. Gen. Middleton

Sir William Hart

Col. Hutrey

Col. Flower

C. Montgomery

Cap. Middleton

M. Graham

M. Beckwith

C. Kieth

Cap. Monro

Cap. Butlar

Cap. Mackey

Cap. Blaire

And many other Cols.
Maj. and other chief Officers,
which had escaped, and lost
their men at the fight at
Worcester,

30 Lieutenants & Cornets

40 Quartermasters

20 Corporals

500 and odde private soul-
diers

600 Arms, and many Port-
mantels and good Booty.

311

adapter SFJE.

CAPTURE, IMPRISONMENT, TRIAL, AND EXECUTION OF THE EARL OF DERBY,
AUGUST OCTOBER MDCLI.

The particulars of the escape of the Earl of Derby after Wigan
fight, his concealment at Boscobel, his successful efforts to join
Charles II (whilst yet suffering from recent wounds) on the eve of
the Battle of Worcester, and his flight from thence in company
with that Monarch, whom he assisted in obtaining refuge at his
own previous place of concealment, with the Earl's subsequent
surrender to Captain Edge, under alleged quarter for life, will be
found in Hughes's Boscobel Tracts, and in the extracts from the
Derby M&S. given by Peck, Collins, and Seacome. Clarendon,
also, will be found more copious on these points, than on most
others connected with Lord Derby or Lancashire. 1

1 The EarVs own account of his capture is contained in his first letter to his wife from
Chester Castle. " I escaped a great danger at "Wigan, but met with a worse at Wor-
cester, being not so fortunate to meet any that would kill me, and thereby have put
me out of the reach of envy and malice. Lord Lautherdale and I having escaped,
hired horses, and falling into the enemies hands, were not thought worth killing, but
have quarter given us by one Captain Edge, a Lancashire man, and one that was so
civil to me, that I and all that love me are beholden to him." — Seacome a 133.

The story is thus told in the Memoirs of Captain Hodson of Coley, present on the
occasion, the place being the road about half a mile south of Nantwich : " They [the
party of Scots] were by computation about five or six hundred men, and our mus-
queteers would have gone into the lane, and taken by the bridle the best like person
they saw, and brought him out without a stroke, so low was the Scot brought. But
the most remarkable thing was, one Oliver Edge, one of our captains, had a mind to see
what became of the forlorn, hearing such a great firing ; and viewing them very busy,
he spies a party of horse behind him in the fields, and having no order to be there, he
retreats towards the regiment, but they called upon him and asked if he was an officer ;
and drawing towards them about eighteen or twenty horsemen lighted, and told him
they would surrender themselves prisoners ; there was the Earl of Derby, the Earl of
Lauderdale, Sinclair, and a fourth. These became prisoners to one single captain ; but

312 TRIAL OF THE EARL OF DERBY.

The trial of the Earl by a Court-Martial at Chester, took place
on October 1, the particulars of which are given in a Tract especially
devoted to that subject, and reprinted in Somers's Collection, edit.
1811, vol. vi. 143. 1

Col. Mackworth, of Betton Strange in Shropshire, presided, and
with the exception of Colonel Twiselton, Major-General Mitton of
Halston, and one or two other Shropshire names among the junior
officers, the Members of the Court were almost exclusively
Cheshire, and officers of the Regiments of the Militia, embodied on
the occasion of Hamilton^ Irruption in 1648. The principal of
these were, Colonels Duckenfield of Duckenfield, Bradshaw of
Marple, and Croxton of Ravenscroft, Lt.-Colonels Birkenhead of
Backford, and Alexander Newton. No Lancashire name appears
on the list.

The points of the Earl's defence are reduced by Whitelock
{Memorials, p. 511) to an allegation that " he had Quarter given him,
and, therefore was not to he tried by a Court Martial for life, and to a
plea of ignorance of the Acts of Treason set forth by the Parliament?
Both were overruled, and the Court resolved as follows 2 : —

the soldiers fell in with him immediately." — Original Memoirs during the Great Civil
War, 1806, p. 154.

John Maitland, Earl, and afterwards Duke of Lauderdale, here mentioned, and the
companion of Derby in his flight and captivity, remained prisoner nine years, until
released by Monk at the Kestoration. He is distinguished in real history by the hor-
ribly eloquent character drawn by Burnet, and in romance as presiding over the tor-
ture of the Covenanters in Sir Walter Scott's Old Mortality.

1 " The perfect trial and confession of the Earl of Derby at a court
martial holden at Chester the first day of October in the year of our Lord God
1651, by virtue of a commission from his Excellency the Lord General Cromwell, with
his speech and plea in defence of his life, delivered at the Bar, and his sentence to be
beheaded in the Market Place at Bolton in Lancashire, on Wednesday next ; his
letter to his Lady concerning the same and the government of the Island, as also Cap-
tain Young's summons and her resolute answer. Likewise the Trial of Sir Timothy
Fetherstonhaugh, and his sentence to be beheaded at Chester, and Capt. Benbow to
be shot at Shrewsbury. Together with the charge of High Treason against Col.
Vaughan, Lt. Col. Jackson, Col. Massey, Dr. Drake, Mr. Case, Mr. Jackson, and Mr.
Jenkins. With the Parliament's directions to the High Court of Justice for their
Tryal this present Friday." Imprinted at London for George Wharton, 1651, 8 pp. 4to.

2 The sentence is thus given in the Tract quoted. Whitelocke adds after Bolton,

SENTENCE OF THE EARL OF DERBY. 313

" 1. That James, Earl of Derby, is guilty of the breach of the said Act of the
12th of August last past, entituled ' An Act prohibiting correspondence wilh
Charles Stuart or his party,' and so of High Treason against the Common Wealth
of England, and is therefore worthy of death.

" 2. Resolved, &c. that the said James, Earl of Derby, is a Traitor to the Com-
mon Wealth of England, and an abettor, encourager, and assister of the declared
traitors and enemies thereof, and shall be put to death by severing his head from
his body at the market place in the town of Boulton, in Lancashire, upon Wed-
nesday, the 1 5th of this instant October, about the hour of one of the clock of the
same day." l

" where he had killed a man in cold blood," meaning Bootle ; and many of the journals
add something similar, but the Sentence appears to have been as in the Tract men-
tioned in the preceding note.

The Title of the Act cited in the Sentence is, " Correspondence with Charles Stuart
or his party prohibited, under pain of High Treason, and to be proceeded against by
a Council of War," &c. This Act to continue in force till the first day of December
1651. Passed 12th August.— Acts of Pari. 1651, cap. 14, Scobell's edition.

Seacome gives the Earl's Address to the Judges, as urged hy advice, with a hope that
in a matter of law, the Court would be to him instead of Council i?i Court. It ramifies into
much collateral argument, but the points are as Whitelock states them.

In the subsequent Petition of the Earl, he will be found to remonstrate against the
place of Execution chosen, viz. Bolton, as implying that he was really guilty of the
bloodshed there on the occasion of Rupert's assault, whereas such had never been
alleged against him on his trial. That such implication was the object of his judges,
there can be no doubt, as Benbow, who was sentenced by the same tribunal, was
ordered to be shot at Shrewsbury on a similar principle, and was executed in the
place where he had once scaled the castle walls in the service of the Parliament, from
which he subsequently deserted to Charles H.

1 In the Perfect Diurnall of Oct. 13, and some other papers, mention is made of ad-
missions by the Earl of Derby, as to arrangements made with the Presbyterian party
in Lancashire, the matter of which is as follows, giving it on the authority stated.

That one Isaac Birkenhead had been the agent of communications between the Earl
(when in the Isle of Man), the Presbyterians in the south of England, and the Royal-
ists in Scotland, where Birkenhead was made prisoner. That this arrest induced Sir
Thomas Tyldesley and Major Ashhurst instantly to fly from Lancashire to the Isle of
Man, prevented the delivery of commissions in that county, and stopped a general
rising of the Presbyterians, who were provided with arms and ammunition, and had
intended to seize Liverpool.

That the delivery of letters to the Lancashire Presbyterian party signed by the
Scots King had been entrusted to General Massey and Major Ashurst, but had failed.

That he himself was designed to be General for the Counties of Lancaster, Chester,
Salop, Worcester, Stafford, and all the North Wales counties, Sir Thomas Tildesley

S S

314 derby's PETITION TO CROMWELL.

The Earl's plea being thus rejected by the Court, an appeal was
made by him to Cromwell as Lord General, and the letter subjoined
it given by the contemporary Journalists as a Copy of his applica-
tion.

To the Right Honourable His Excellency the Lord
Generall Cromwell.

The Humble Petition of James, Earl of Derby, a Sentenced
Prisoner in Chester,
Shewing,

That it appeareth by the annexed what plea your Petitioner hath
urged for Life, in which the Court Martial here were pleased to
overrule him, it being a matter of law, and a point not adjudged
nor presidented in all this Warre ; and the plea being only capable
of Appeale to your Excellency whose wisdom will safely resolve it,
and your Petitioner being also a Prisoner to the High Court of
Parliament in relation to his rendition of the Isle of Man, in all
he most humbly craves your Excellency's Grace, that he may as
well obtain your Excellency's judgment on his plea as the Parlia-
ment's mercy, with your Excellencies favour to him, and he shall
owe his life to your Lordship's service, and ever pray, &c.

Derby.

This application failing, interest of every kind appears to have
been pressed. President Bradshaw himself was applied to, through
the medium of his brother Col. Henry Bradshaw, of Marple, one
of the Earl's judges ;* and Lenthall was plied by Brideoak (one of
the Earl's chaplains, afterwards Bishop of Chichester), " with so
much more than ordinary reason and application," that he obtained
Lenthall's own Chaplainship, and the Preachership at the Rolls,
but failed in obtaining Derby's pardon. 2 Lord Strange also is men-
being intended for his Major General, and that he had left his Countess in trust for
the Isle of Man, with one Master Greenhough to assist her as Governor.

^Respecting the letters entrusted to Massey and Ashurst, see p. 295.

1 Hist. Chesh. iii. 410, from the Marple papers. 8 Wood, Ath. Oxon. iv. 859.

derby's petition to parliament. 315

tioned in one of the Earl's letters as being actively engaged on his
behalf. " He is gone to London with exceeding concern and pas-
sion for my good. He is changed much for the better, I thank
God." As a last resource, the Earl attempted an escape from the
leads of the Castle, but was retaken on Dee bank. Previous to
this attempt he wrote the first of the two letters to his Countess
(preserved by Seacome, and quoted above), recommending her
surrender of the Isle of Man to Colonel Duckenfield, and leaving it on
his table. 1

After this the Earl was probably constantly guarded by the
soldiers alluded to in his last speech, as his faithful attendant
Bagaley, who commenced his attendance upon him on October 13th,
describes him as having been close prisoner ten days.

During this strict confinement, Lord Derby wrote his Petition
to Parliament, on October 11th, and it was presented and read by
Lenthall on October the 14th, the eve of his execution. The
official notice of the entire Parliamentary proceedings on that day
is also subjoined, which notices the reading without any further
result. Such reading allowed the Earl to disavow in most solemn
form wilful participation in the blood-shedding at Bolton; but if
Parliament had been inclined to attend to the prayer of his peti-
tion, it is difficult to conceive that they could have stayed the dis-
tant and impending execution. 2

1 It will be found also in the Perfect Diurnall, Oct. 20, No. 97. Seacome's copy is a
more regular composition, but that in the Diurnall has several more striking marks of
authenticity, as, for instance, in the mention of Mr. Lane, his fellow-prisoner at
Chester. ^ ^ y^^ ^ ^^J ^ cW^o- <W-fc •

8 Nevertheless, Seacome states (page 138) that " Lord Strange, having before-
hand laid horses ready, rid post to London in one day and night," with a petition
(which is identified with this, as having been received and presented by Lenthall),
and returned to his father before the hour of execution, with incredible speed. It is
observable that the reading of this petition was the last act of the House on the 14th,
— that Leigh is 197 miles distant from London, — that Lord S. (as above) was in attend-
ance on his father at Chester during the morning of Monday the 13th, and at Leigh
soon after six in the morning of the 15th ; and Bagaley's account of this is quoted by
Seacome himself within two pages of his own previous and irreconcileable statement.

The Journals of the House only note the reading of the petition in a house of forty-

316 derby's preparations for execution.

On Sunday, October 12th, the Earl's interesting letters to his
Countess and children (preserved by Seacome) were written, and on
the morning of Monday ( 1 3th), his departure for Bolton on the day
following was announced, and the attendance of Bagaley permitted.
The most affecting points of the Memoir written by this attendant, 1
are — the Earl's separation from his two younger daughters — his
ungranted request to visit the grave of his friend and fellow-soldier
Tyldesley — and his charge to Lord Strange, when attiring him,
early on the morning of the 15 th, with his decoration, or "Order
of the Garter": — "Return it to my Gracious Sovereign, when you
shall be so happy as to see him, and say I sent it in all humility and
gratitude, as I received it, spotless and free from any stain, accord-
ing to the example of my loyal ancestors.' 12

two members. Seacome states that " Cromwell and Bradshaw had so ordered the
matter, that when they saw the major part of the House inclined to allow of the Earl's
plea, as the Speaker was putting the question, eight or nine of them quitted the House,
and those left in it being under the number of forty, no question could be put."

1 Collins had access to this Memoir when in possession of James, tenth Earl of
Derby, who died in 1736, and Seacome had it or a copy of it. The last writer (who ought
to be clear on such a point) called its author the Reverend Humphrey Bagaley. A

Captain Hum. Bagguly surrendered at Appleby along with Tyldesley (p. 276), and

Baggerley was employed in directing Lord D.'s embarkation in Man, Aug. 12, 1651.
Bagaley or Baggarley here named was a prisoner at Chester, and allowed to attend the
Earl in prison, and to his execution. He had charge from the Earl to watch his inter-
ment, and was his confidential messenger to the Countess in Man.

8 The sacrament was administered to the Earl at Leigh by Mr. Greenhalgh, who
also appears to have been present at the Earl's execution, as Seacome mentions his
notes of it. This clergyman may possibly be the "Doctor Green" of the spurious
account. The Weekly Intelligencer states positively that " there was no divine with
him," probably meaning thereby in attendance on the scaffold itself.

There was, however, one chaplain who continued to the last such dutiful and affec-
tionate attendance as circumstances allowed to him, and, according to all or most of
the accounts, was recognized by the Earl, as being seated on horseback among the
troopers, and receiving from him last remembrances to his (the chaplain's) brother.
The following account explains this to have been Henry Bridgeman, rector of Wigan,
afterwards dean of Chester, and bishop of Man, — brother of Sir Orlando Bridgeman,
and younger son of John Bridgeman, bishop of Chester, and manorial lord of Great
Lever, adjacent to Bolton. See p. 322.

In this township a respectable family of the name of Moscow was settled, of moderate
Presbyterian principles, and of course favourable to the Koyalists at this juncture ;

VARIOUS ACCOUNTS OF THE EARL's ADDRESS. 317

The sequel is told in the Tract following : —

Three versions, at least, of the last address of the Earl, exist,
besides that which is here given.

One, which was instantly condemned as spurious, is believed to be
that which is reprinted in Sir Walter Scott's edition of Somers's
Tracts, of which the title is given in the note below. 1 The style
of the speech is totally unlike that of any known composition of
the Earl's, and the Sermon and Examination of Dr. Green, with
the alleged confession, are equally improbable and unpleasing.

A second is given in the Black Tribunal, from some earlier com-
pilations, and approaches in some points to the authorized account,
but has been sedulously tortured into a more oratorical form, in-
consistent with the noble sufferer's characteristic simplicity.

The third may be found, with very little variation, in Peck's
Desiderata (from Nalson's Collections) in Collins from Bagaley's MS.
and in Seacome. The last states it to agree with his Lordship's
paper (meaning probably a speech composed at Leigh, on the eve of
his execution), notes taken by Mr. Greenhalgh, and "my Collec-
tion Baggerley." Of its genuineness, there can be no doubt, except
that it seems to have been retouched and amplified.

The following copy of the speech appears as a Tract in the
King's Collection, and is stated to have been taken down in short-
hand by two clerks, one of whom (Roscow) is named, and in some
degree identified. All the versions, more or less, have the matter
of the original notes running through them; but it appears to the
Editor, that this has more of the hurried abrupt character which

and to this family, after inspection of many documents, the Editor is induced to refer
the James Roscow, who took the short-hand notes of the Earl's last address.

1 The title is as follows : " The True Speech delivered on the Scaffold by James,
Earl of Derby, in the Market Place at Boulton in Lancashire, on Wednesday last,
being the 15th of this instant October, 1651. With the manner of his deportment
and carriage on the Scaffold ; his Speech concerning the King of Scots ; and his prayer
immediately before his head was severed from his body : as also his Declaration and
Desires to the People. Likewise the manner how the King of Scots took shipping at
Gravesend, on the 4th of this instant Oct. with Captain Hind, disguised in seaman's
apparel, and safely arrived at the Hague in Holland. 4to. 8 pp."

318

the delivered address is said to have had — of the simple pathos
which characterizes the EaiTs other compositions — and of the keen
feeling which, from the tone of his Petition, would be likely to
pervade him, when amidst the unexpected sympathy of his hearers
he was so suddenly compelled to exclaim, " God be thanked ! there
is no man that revileth me ! "

Be this, however, as it may, some points will be in the following
account, which do not occur in the more laboured version ; and it
appears desirable to add to what is more generally known, and
more easily accessible, a document which is supposed to exist only
in the Tracts of the day. It differs little, if at all, from a copy
given in Mercurius Politicus, No. 72, p, 1152; Perfect Diurnall,
No. 98, Oct. 27 ; and Severall Proceedings, No. 106, p. 1672. The
last Journal prints it as a document which had been immediately
transmitted to Paris, and received back from thence for publication
in England.

LV.

Letter from the Earl of Derby, Prisoner at Chester, to William
Lenthall, Esq., Speaker of the House of Parliament.

(From Tanner MS. 55, p. 81 J

Being now, by the will of God, for ought I know, brought to
the last minutes of my life, I once more most humbly pray the
Parliament will be pleased to heare me before my death.

I plead nothing in vindication of my offences, but humbly cast
myselfe downe at the Parliament's feete, begging their mercy.

I have severall times addrest my humble petitions for life, and
now again crave leave to submit myselfe to their mercy, with the
assurances that the Isle of Man shall be given up to such hands as
the Parliament entrust to receive it : with this further engagement,
(which I shall confirme by sureties), that I shall never act or in-

derby's letter to the speaker. 319

deavour any thing against the establisht power of this nation ; but
end my daies in prison or banish 4 , as the house shall thinke fit.

S r , it is a greater affliction to me than death it selfe, that I am
sentenct to die at Bolton ; so that the nation will looke upon me as
a sacrifice for that blood w ch some have unjustly cast upon me ;
and from w ch I hope I am acquitted in your opinions and the
judgement of good men, having cleard my selfe by undeniable
evidence.

Indeed, at my triall it was never mentioned against me, and yet
they adjudge me to suffer at Bolton, as if indeed I had bin guilty.
I beg a respit for my life upon that issue, y* if I doe not acquit
my selfe from that imputation, let me die without mercy.

But, S r , if the Parliament have not this mercy for me, I humbly
pray the place appointed for my death may be alterd, and that if
the Parliam* thinke it not fit to give me time to live, they will
be pleasd to give me time to die, in respiting my life for some time
whilst I may fit my selfe for death ; since thus long I have bin
perswaded by Col. Duckenfield the Parlm 4 would give me my
life. S r , I submit my selfe, my family, wife, and children, to the
mercy of Parliam', and shall live or die, S r ,

Your contented and humble Servant,
Octob. 11, 1651. Derbye.

[On the margin.] S r , I humbly beg the favour that the petition
of a dyeing man, here inclosed, may by your favour be read in the
house.

The letter is addressed, " For the Right Honourable William
Lenthall, Esq., Speaker of the Parliam* of the Common Wealth of
England."

It has been indorsed by a later hand : —

" A l re from y e Earle of Derby of y e 11 th of October 1651 w h
y e Peticion of y e said Earle of Derby.

Rec d 14 Octobr. 1651."

1 This document, which has appeared in Cary's Memorials in a less complete form,
was obligingly communicated to the Editor by the Rev. H. O. Coxe, M.A. Sub-Libra-

320

Extract from the Journals of the House of Commons, Oct. 14, 1651,
containing all the Proceedings of that day.
" Prayers.

" The House according to former order, was this day resolved
into a Grand Committee, upon the Bill for setting a certain Time
for sitting of this Parliament and for calling a new Parliament.

"Mr. Speaker left the chair, Mr. Ellys took the chair, Mr.
Speaker resumed the chair.

" Mr. Speaker by way of report, acquaints the House with a
letter, which he had received from the Earl of Derby, and the
question being put, That the said letter be now read, the House
was divided, the Yeas went forth.

Sir Wm. Brereton f Tellers for the Yeas \ 00
Mr. Ellys \ With the Yeas. )**

Mr. Bond f Tellers for the Noes \ 1 fi

Maj. Gen. Harrison \ With the Noes. J
" So it passed with the affirmative.

" A Letter from the Earl of Derby of the 11th day of October,
1651, with a Petition therein enclosed, intituled ' The Humble
Petition of James Earl of Derby,' was this day read."

LVI.

The Earle of Derby's Speech on the Scaffold, immediately before his
Execution at Bolton in Lancashire, October 15, 1651. Exactly
taken in short hand as it was spoken, and now published for the
satisfaction of those that desire to be truly informed.

London: printed for Nathaniel Brooks, and are to be sold at his
shop at the sign of the Angel, in Cornhill, 1651.

The Earle of Derby was brought to Bolton on Wednesday last

rian of the Bodleian Library, who states that it appears to have been written through-
out by Lord Derby.

DERBY S SPEECH ON THE SCAFFOLD. 32 1

about noon, his guard being sixty foot and eighty horse; about
two of the Clock, brought forth to the scaffold, which was built at
the Cross, part of that built with the timber of his own House of
Latham : there was not above a hundred lookers on besides Sol-
diers : presently after his coming on the Scaffold, there happened
a great tumult (the occasion thereof not being certainly known)
in appeasing of which there were some cut, many hurt, and one
childe killed. The Earle was no good Orator, and the tumult put
him out of speaking what he intended : he was much afraid of
being reviled by the people of the town, but they rather pitied his
condition : his son came with him to Bolton, and carried his Corps
back that night to Wiggan.

The last words of the Earl of Derby upon the scaffold at Bolton,
the fifteenth day of October 1651.

Coining to the foot of the Ladder to the Scaffold, he said, I am
thus requited for my love, and he kissed the Ladder, and said, I
do submit my self to the mercy of God ; and when he was upon
the Scaffold, he said, Now that it pleaseth God to take away my
life, I am glad to see that in this town, where some were made
believe I was a Man of Blood, I was slandered to be the death of
many. It was my desire the last time I came into this Country
to come hither as to a people that ought to serve the king, as I
conceive, upon good grounds. 1 It was said that I was accustomed to
be a Man of Blood, but it doth not lie upon my Conscience, for I
was wrongfully belyed. I thank God I desire peace ; I was born
in Honour and I hope I shall dye in Honour : I had a fair Estate,
and did not need to mend it ; I had good friends, and was respected,
and did respect ; they were ready to do for me, and I was ready
to do for them ; I have done nothing but as my ancestors, to do
you good ; it was the King that called me in, and I thought it my
duty to wait upon his Highness to do him service.

1 The allusion obviously regarded the feelings of the Presbyterian party, of which

T T

322 derby's speech on the scaffold.

Then there arose a great tumult among the people ; after which
he said (looking all about him), I thought to have said more, but I
have said. I cannot say much more to you of my good will to this
town of Bolton, and I can say no more, but the Lord bless you, I
forgive you all, and desire to be forgiven of you all, for I put my
trust in Jesus Christ. 1 And looking about him, he said, I did
never deserve this hard measure from above. Honest friends (you
that are Souldiers), my life is taken away after Quarter given, by
a Council of War, which was never done before. And walking
up and down the Scaffold, he said, The Lord bless you all ; the
Son of God bless you all of this town of Bolton, Manchester, and
especially Lancashire, and God send that you may have a King
again, and Laws. I die like a Christian, a Souldier, and Christ's
Souldier.

And sitting down in his chair, he said to a Souldier that had
been his keeper, They are not ready (meaning the block was not
ready), and bade him commend him to all his friends in Chester,
and tell them I die like a Souldier; and causing the Coffin to be
opened, he said, I hope when I am imprisoned in this, the Watch-
men will not lie by me with their swords. And walking up and
down the Scaffold, he looked about him and said, There is no man
that revileth me, God be thanked.

And looking upon them that were on the Scaffold, he said,
What do you stay for ? It is hard that I cannot get a block to
have my head cut off. He looking upon the Executioner, said,
Thy Coat is too burly that thou canst not hit right, the Lord help
thee and forgive thee. Then bowing to Mr. Henry Bridgman, 2 he
said, They have brought me hither too soon, the block is not ready
for me, Mr. Bridgman ; tell your brother I take it as a great mercy

Bolton was a local centre, and which were directly opposed to those of the ruling or
predominant sect at this period.

1 At the time of this interruption, according to most of the accounts, the Earl gave
into the hands of a servant papers relative to the sentence of the court-martial and plea
of quarter, which he intended to have spoken, and which in some copies of his speech
are worked into it as portions of the speech.

2 See note in p. 316, respecting Mr. Bridgeman and James Boscow.

EXECUTION OF THE EARL OF DERBY. 323

of God that I am brought hither, for I might have dyed in the
midst of a Battel, and have not dyed so well, for now I have time
to make my peace with God.

And turning him to James Moscow (one of the two Clerks that
writ his Speech in short hand), he said, Do you write what I say ?
It may be I say not well, but my meaning is good.

And looking upon the block, he said to one of his men, Lay
down your neck upon the block, and see how it will fit, but he
refused : and a Trumpeter that was upon the Scaffold, layd down
his neck to try how it would fit ; after that he layd down his own
neck upon the block, and rose up again, and caused the block to
be turned, and laying his neck upon it again, said, Do not strike
yet. And when he rose up, he went about the Scaffold and said,
I desire your Prayers, pray for me, the Lord blesse you all ! the
Lord blesse this poor Nation.

Then he gave his handkerchiefs out of his two pockets to his
servants. Then he kneeled down and prayed privately, and then
layd down his neck upon the block, and said to the Executioner,
When I lift up my hand, then give the blow ; and just when he
gave the sign, one of his servants said, Good my Lord, let me
speak one word before, and looking up, he said, I have given you
a sign, but you have ill missd it.

And being upon his knees, he said, Honest friends, I thank God
I fear not death ; I rejoyce to serve God, my King, and Country ;
I am sorry to leave some of my Christian Friends, but I hope the
Lord will keep them, and bless them : the Lord of Heaven bless
my Wife and poor Children, the Lord bless his People and my
good King.

And laying his head upon the block, he said, Let the whole
Earth be filled with his Glory ! and giving the last sign, by holding
up his hand, his Head was severed from his Body with one blow*

324

^ppartrfx.

CONTAINING VARIOUS TRACTS, ETC., RELATING TO PROCEEDINGS IN THE
YEAR MDCXLII, WHICH WERE OBTAINED WHILST THE WORK WAS IN
COURSE OF PUBLICATION.

III.*

Horrible Newes from Lancashire, Declared in a Letter sent from
Lancaster by one Mr. Benj. Williamson to Mr. Adam Andrewes,
Merchant and Inhabit, in the Borrougli of SouthwarJce ; wherein
is related what Tumultuous uprores the Papists in those parts have
lately made to the terror of the Inhabitants of the said County.
Also, a true Relation how the Protestants rose in armes and forced
them to flye. Likewise a large Manifestation of the great care of
the Sheriffe of Lancaster to disarme the Papists and to prevent such
uprores and tumults. Together with an Order sent from the House
of Commons to the High Sheriffe of Lancaster, touching the sup-
pressing of the above said tumults. John Browne, Cler. Pari.

London: Printed for J. Horton, 1642, June 3. (8 pp.)

An unimportant pamphlet, but mentions the assemblage "of a
great number of Papists to the vallew of 3 hundred, with swords
by their sides, waiting as it seemes for more company," but with
objects unknown, on a great plain, within 7 miles of Lancaster, on
May 25.

That the inhabitants gathered together, and put themselves in a
posture of defence, sending for the Sheriff, who rode to Lancaster
and published the " Order of the Houses of Parliament for the
suppressing of such meetings."

That by the advice of some gentlemen present the Papists were
desired to disperse quietly, with a hint that if they did not, the
Protestants would " force their departure, or make their place of

rigby's letter to the speaker. 325

meeting a terrene Golgotha, and bring them and their designs
together; which blunt message affrighted so the Papists, that they
began apace to take their journeys each to his habitation," mutter-
ing threats, &c. and "speaking as if they had some plot in
agitation."

The rest relates to remarks of no importance.

V.*

Original Letter from Alexander Rigby of Preston [a Parliamentary
Dep. Lieut, of Lancashire'] to the Speaker of the House of Com-
mons, detailing proceedings at the Meeting Convened by Lord
Derby, and the Sheriff of Lancashire, on Preston Moor, June 20,
1642, for the purpose of opening the Royal Commission of Array,
and also respecting the subsequent seizure of Magazines by the said
Earl and sheriff. 1

Honourable Sir,
Master Shuttleworth and my selfe, being in obedience to the
commands of both Houses in our way to Lancashire, and hearing,
as we found it true, that by Colour of a Letter from the King to
Sir John Girlington, the high Sheriffs of that County, publick
summons was given through all or most part of the County, that

1 After diligent search among the Tracts of the British Museum and elsewhere, the
Editor thinks it probable that this letter has never previously been printed entire,
although a portion of it is given in Baines's Lancashire (iv. 311) as mentioned in p. 18,
and the principal matter of the letter is stated, without citation of authority, in Hib-
bert's Hist, of the Collegiate Church (i. 192), as referred to, p. 13.

This interesting document is here printed from a copy bound up with other Lanca-
shire Collections, and obligingly communicated by Mr. Baines ; and as far as the
Editor can trust to his recollection, he believes it to be a transcript of a letter shewn
to him about 1808, by the late Mr. W. Eord of Manchester, who was then collecting
the materials for a history of the public foundations of Manchester, which afterwards
passed successively into the hands of Mr. Greswell and Dr. Hibbert.

326 rigby's letter to the speaker.

all the Protestant subjects therein should, the next day, appeare at
Preston, to heare read the last Lancashire Petition to the King,
and his Answer thereunto, 1 and his Majesties 2 last declarations
to that of both houses of the 19 and that of the 26 May, 2 we by
the way discharged some, with whom casually met, of their appear-
ance, and willed them to do the like to their neighbours, and from
the Constable of Standish we tooke a Warrant directed to him
alone, for the summoning of all within that Township, which
Warrant had that very day, being Sunday, beene published in
Standish Church by Master ChaddocJc the Parson thereof. And
we did that night repaire to Preston, whither the next morning,
being the 20 of this instant June, the high Sheriffe accompanied
with the Lord Strange, his eldest son a child, the Lord Mollineux,
son in law to the Lord Strange, 3 and divers other Gentlemen
resorted, and thither also then came about five thousand persons
upon the said Summons, whom the Sheriffs did then draw out to a
great Moore adjoining, called Preston Moor.

But before the Sheriffe went forth, we, who by the shortnesse of
time could convene no other of the Committee, or of the rest of
the Deputy Lieutenants, acquainted the Sheriffe that we, with
others, as a Committee of both Houses, were by them sent downe
for the preservation of the peace of the County, and shewed him
such parts of our instructions as enjoyned his obedience thereunto,
and conduced to the present occasion ; and we demanding, he
acknowledged that he, upon the said Letter, had caused the people
to be summoned and convened to the purpose aforesaid, and shewed
us the Letter, but not the Declarations.

We told him we feared the publishing of the Declaration might
tend the raising of a faction or party against the Parliament, and
we therefore admonished and advised him to forbeare the doing,
publishing, or dispensing anything of that nature, and we further
demanding, he told us that he had a commission of Array, directed

1 See pages

2 These are, the King's Answer to the Remonstrance, &c. {Husbands, Coll. 4to. 239)
and an Answer to a Later Remonstrance (Ibid. 282.)

3 See p. 47, and note ibid, respecting this alleged alliance.

rigby's letter to the speaker. 327

to the Lord Strange, to himselfe, to Sir George Midleton, now lately-
made Baronet at YorJce, Sir Alexander Radcliffe, Master Tildesley
of Mierscough, Master William Farington, and others, and that
when the people were drawne together, he would acquaint them
with that Commission, and that he would also proclaim the King's
Proclamation of 27 of May, 1 which hee affirmed he had already-
caused to be proclaimed in many places.

We thereupon wished him to forbeare it ; and afterwards,
according to our instructions, we tendered unto him and required
him, in the name of the Lords and Commons, to read and publish
to the people several Bookes, conteining the Declaration of the
Lords and Commons concerning the said Proclamation and the
supposed Statute 7 Edw. I, 2 as also the Votes of both Houses
made the 20 of May last, 3 with sundry Articles or Acts of Parlia-
ment, to confirme the same ; but he refused to publish them or to
receive them from our hands ; and when the people were assembled,
he and his under Sheriffe, Master Thomas Danson, and Robert
Male, a Popish Recusant, and others, did then read unto them the
said Letter, Lancashire Petition and answer, the two last Decla-
rations of the King, and the Sheriffe himselfe shewed unto them
the Commission of Array under the Great Seal of England.

But before these passages were ended, the assembly went away,
except as we believe about 6 or 700 persons, in whose presence we
call'd to the Sheriffe, and told him that we were to speake unto
him, in the name of the Lords and Commons assembled in Parlia-
ment, and were to acquaint him with our instructions concerning
his Commission of Array, and his intermedling with the Militia of
the County, but he refused to stay to heare them, and then accord-
ing to our instructions we did in the name of the Lords and Com-
mons of England require and command him to deliver unto us that

1 A proclamation forbidding the Militia, &c. to exercise without the King's warrant.
— Husband, 4to. 301.

8 Ibid. p. 302.

8 The resolutions respecting the King's intention to make a war, &c. and the treason
of those who assisted him, &c. — Ibid. p. 259.

328 rigby's letter to the speaker.

Commission of Array? to be by us sent to the Parliament, or to
give us his answer, and thereupon hee denyed to deliver that Com-
mission, and Master Tildesley of Mierscough told us we should
receive an answer from YorJce.

We also in the name of the Lords and Commons commanded the
Sheriffe and all his fellow Commissioners in that Commission of
Array to forbeare the execution thereof, and all the people to for-
beare to obey the same, at which the Sheriffe departed, and he and
divers about him cryed out, " All that are for the King goe with
us," crying, "For the King, for the King? and so about 400
persons whereof very many, and we believe the greater part, were
Popish Recusants, went with him and rid up and down the Moor,
and cryed, " For the King, for the King? but the rest then stay-
ing with us we proceeded and declared unto them, that we and
others were sent down by the Lords and Commons in Parliament,
for the preservation of the peace of this County, and that both
Houses, and ourselves in particular, ever had done and ever would
doe, all things tending to the safety, honour and peace of the
King's person, and his Kingdomes, and nothing to the contrary,
and wished them not to divide between the King and Parliament,
but to stand for the King and Parliament, whereupon with a general
acclamation they prayed for the King and Parliament.

We then wished all high Constables and petty Constables, and
others then present, to be attentive, and we read unto them such
parts of the instructions as were applicable to the present passages
and the Militia of the County, concerning which we told them that
all the Deputy Lieutenants appoynted by the Parliament were
forthwith to meet, and therefore we but being two, would give no
further direction therein till that time, and then they should
receive further advertisements how to behave themselves, and in
the mean time we advised them not to suffer themselves to be
drawne into armes without direction from the Parliament, and so
we dismissed the assembly.

1 The Commission of Array is printed by Husband, 4to. p. 34 6, with a copy of the
King's letter sent with the Leicestershire Commission, which was probably the pattern
for the rest.

RIGBY'S LETTER TO THE 8PEAKER. 329

Sir George Midleton and Master Thomas Tildesley of Miercough,
and Master Thomas PrestwicJce, whose wives are Popish Kecusants,
and Master William Farington, a Justice of Peace, were in our
Judgements the most busie and active, and they assisted, counte-
nanced, and abetted the Sheriffe in all the aforesaid passages, and
therein pressed and urged him forward who of himselfe was there-
unto sufficiently inclined, and whilst these things were in acting
upon the Moor, Will. Sumpner, servant to Master William Farington,
•who during his late Deputy-Lieutenancy had placed in a private
house in Preston about 13 barrells of Gunpowder, and some
quantity of Match, did secretly convey away about 6 barrells
thereof, in Packcloathes upon Packhorses, and the next morning,
about six of the clocke, and before we had notice in whose house
that Powder and Match was lodged, the Sheriffe did convey away
out of the Towne and Liberties of Preston the residue of the said
Powder and Match.

Which being made knowne to me, I forthwith repayred to the
Sheriffe, and shewed him the Order of the Lords and Commons,
made the 10 of May last, for the disposing of the Magazines, and
also a deputation from the Lord Wharton authorizing his Deputy-
Lieutenants, or any two or more of them to dispose of the Maga-
zines of Lancashire, and then desired him to cause that Powder to
be returned to Preston, but he answered that he would not return
it but would keepe it and defend it with the power of the County,
and the Sheriffe and Sir George Midleton then said that that
Order should not be obeyed, and I thought it not meet for so small
a quantity of Powder and Match, though indeed a very consider-
able quantity for the time and place, to endeavour a returne thereof
by force, so that it now remaineth unknowne to me where they
(who took it) have disposed it.

In the last place I make bold to present my opinion, that the
Malignant party could not by any passage at the assembly on
Preston Moor distinguish that the affections of any considerable
part thereof inclined unto them, and I verily believe that we lost
not but gained by that dayes Worke, for the safety and peace of

u u

330

the King and Kingdome ; yet concerning the Sheriffe, I considered
the man, and the command incident to his place, the great number
of Papists, the great store of Horses for Service now amongst
them, the many Popish Protestant Professors and other Malignant
persons you may peradventure feare, that thereby we shall receive
discouragement, unlesse your timely and full assistance be extended
to us, and the others here intrusted by you, but however I trust in
God with the issue and sequel, his Majesty shall find the loyalty
and you the fidelity and industry of

Dated Preston, Your humble Servant,

June 1642. Alex. Rigby.

Sir,
The reason why Master Shuttleworth subscribed not this Letter,
is, for that before it could be made up, I was by many of my
fellow Deputy-Lieutenants, upon the occasion mentioned in their
and my Letters, herewith sent suddenly, called away from Preston
to Manchester, whither Master Shuttleicorth is not yet come, pardon
I pray you the foulnesse of this Letter, in regard to the shortnesse
of time, and the multiplicity of our occasions.

Manchester in Lancashire,
the 24 of June 1642.

VI.*

[Chap. II. p. 20.]

His Majesties Desires and Command to all the Trayned Bands and
others on this side Trent and Dominion of Wales to be in Readi-
nesse with Horse and Arms to serve his Majesty for defence of the
Kingdome, and to be in such readinesse, that they may be able to
march at 24 houres warning at the furthest. Signed with his.
Royal Signet at the Court of YorJce and published by his Majesties

ORDERS TO THE TRAINED BANDS. 331

speciall Command, With the Sheriffe of Yorkshires Propositions
to the Gentry and Commonalty of that County. July 1, 1642.
Likewise a Letter which came from Manchester, read in the House of
Commons, concerning a great Troop of Horse lately come from
York, under the command of the Lord Strange, and the Parlia-
ments Resolution concerning the same. Hen. Elsyng, Cler. Pari.
D. Com.

July 6. Printed for John Norton, 1642.

The information relating to Lancashire is as follows : —

On Friday last there was a letter read in the House which came
from Lancashire, informing that the Officers appointed by his
Majesty went on so vehemently that the Ordinance for the Militia
could not take place ; the Lord Rivers is very brief in setting the
Country against the Parliament, who brought 1000 men into the
field at one time.

The Inhabitants of Manchester are in great fear, by reason the
Lord Strange hath brought more forces from Yorke against them.
They have had some skirmishes together, the Lord Strange having
had the worst on't.

It was agreed by both Houses that Sir Geo. Middleton be
forthwith sent for as a delinquent.

VI.**

[Chap. II. p. 20.]

A true Relation of the taking of Roger Manwering, Bishop of St.
David's, coming from Ireland in a disguised habit, in a Ship
calVd the Eagle, the 28 of June 1642, by Captaine John Pointz.
Also the relation of the sudden rising of the Lord Strange in
Lankashire, and of his intention of taking of the Magazine of
Larpoole. Likewise concerning the Lord Digby, §c. §c.

Henry Elsing, Cler. Pari. D.
London : Printed by Thos. Banks, July 9, 1642.

332 lord strange's rising.

The first article is signed John Pointz, and the Tract proceeds as

follows : —

" Likewise it was related unto me since my coming over, that
the L. Strange was risen up in Arms in Lancashire, intending to
take away the Magazine there of Larpool and Manchester, with
12000 men of the same County to assist him ; and to resist him a
great number were raised to resist him, and by the assistance of
Mr. Moore, who being comanded by the Parliament to demand that
Lords reason of raising such forces, and to take away the Militia,
by his care the Magazine is staid, and brought unto the Lievtenant
of the County, till further order be heard from the Parliament.
Had not Moore came there had been a good deal of mischief, near
nine score thousand people, but thanks be to God, all things are
there at peace."

u There is a report likewise of the Lord Digby and others to have
been landed neere Hull," &c. &c.

XIX.*

[Chap. III. p. SQ.']

A true and exact Relation of the Several Passages at the Siege of
Manchester, between the Lord Strange his forces and the Towne ;
wherein is evidently seene the wonder full mercy of God in their
deliverance. Written by one that was an eie-witnesse and an Actor
in most of that Service,

Also a Protestation of Master Ifotham, and divers others, Knights
and Gentlemen, against the 14 Articles of Pacification and Neu-
trality.

London: Printed for Edioard Blackman, at the Angel in Paul's
Church Yard, Oct. 12, 1642.

The account is very minute, but inferior in interest and in com-
position to the more authentic Journal printed at p. 49. The
following points of additional information require notice.

SIEGE OF MANCHESTER. 333

Manchester is stated to have been put on its guard by the
forces collected at Warrington, for a fortnight previous to the siege.
The meeting of gentlemen on the news of the Earl's approach, at
ten p.m. on Sat. Sep. 25 (24), and the alarm signals, are given
as in the other Tracts. " One thousand men in compleat Armes,"
are said to have been within the towne on the evening of Sunday.
The requisition of Lord Strange, on his first appearance before the
town, is stated to have been a demand for the arms of the town,
and billets for a hundred men.

All the positions of the defenders of the town are mentioned, —
Roseworm at the Bridge, and Bradshaw at the Deansgate, against
the Batteries ; the MarJcet-street-lane was guarded by soldiers under
Captain Radcliffe, the Mitigate by Captain Booth, and Suedhill by
a "company of resolute soldiers without any commander." One
solitary movement of cavalry was made to the east of the town
on Monday, by Derby's troops, but instantly repelled. On the
Wednesday, the gentlemen are stated to have been " inclinable to
condescend," but to have been checked by the steadiness of the
soldiers, in particular by that of Mr. Ashton's tenants, — "by a
general shout of Captain Bradshaw's Company, declaring that they
would part with their armes and their lives together."

On Thursday, Mr. Butterworth of Belfield, " a prime man,"
having gone for aid towards London, Holland, the governor, drew
Booth and Egerton to his party, and wished for a renewed parley; and
some of the soldiers became discontented, from the plunder going
on at their exposed dwellings. The discontent was appeased by
Hyde, Bradshaw, and Roseworm.

On the same day, a report was spread of Mr. Leigh of Adling-
ton's advance against the town, through Stockport, with four
hundred Cheshire men (see p. 46) ; and Mr. Arderne of Harden,
his near kinsman, but possessing much influence in that direction,
was detached to oppose him. The report, however, was incorrect,
the men refusing to advance into Lancashire. On Monday, the
Parliamentarian troops returned to their homes.

334 the king's expected movements.

XX.*

[Chap. III. p. 58.]

A Continuation of the late proceedings of His Majesties Army at
Shrewsbury, Bridgenorth, Manchester, fyc. Written by a good
hand from the Army,

London: Batt. Oct 12, 1642. (Heywood's Cat. No. 10. 1 )

Shrewsbury, Oct. 8, 1642.

[The first part of the letter relates to the state of the King's
Army at Shrewsbury, which is estimated at 6000 foot, 3000 horse,
and 1500 dragoons. It then proceeds thus : — ]

"We have had warrants to send in Horses and Carts for his
[the king's] removall, which are come towards Salop, but whither
his Majesty intends is not certainly known; it is given out he
intends for London. I pray God blesse him, and send him well
thither in peace ; but it is conceived by others that he will march
toward Yorke, and take Manchester in the way, where the new
Earle of Derby hath had but bad successe, he hath lost above two
hundred men. Last Tuesday he was faine to leave it, and it is
given out for the reparation of his honour, that his Majesty sent
twice for him."

[The pamphlet then mentions the "faintheartednesse" of Che-
shire, and its proposed neutrality, and proceeds with other matters
in Wales, Shropshire, &c, not connected with Lancashire.]

October 8, 1642. I rest

Yours.

1 The matter of this Tract, as quoted above, agrees with that of the Perfect DiurnalL,
cited in p. 59, and is transcribed from Mr. Baines's MS. Collection. The original
Tract is mentioned in the Catalogue of Mr. Heywood's late Collection, but has not
occurred elsewhere.

ALLEGED BATTLE NEAR BIRMINGHAM. 335

XXL*

[Chap. III. p. 61.]

Good Newes out of Cheshire, being a certaine Relation of the late
Passages of that great Malignant James Earl of Darby; how he
raised Forces against the Parliament, with which drawing towards
the Kings Army near Brumicham in Warwickshire he was set
upon and defeated by the Trained Bands of that County, losing in
the fight, six hundred of his Cavaliers.

London: Printed for John Davis.

The matter of the Tract consists of statements that the Earl of
Derby, after his losses at Manchester, recruited his Cavaliers in his
Lancashire, Cheshire, and Welsh Lieutenancies, and marched
through Chester, Shrewsbury, and Newport, towards Warwick-
shire, then left exposed by the movement of Essex southwards.

That on Friday morning, the Warwickshire trained bands
marched to meet him, four thousand strong ; four hundred being
horse, and having two pieces of cannon from Warwick Castle.
The* Earl is said to have encountered them " one mile on this side
Brumicham," and to have been defeated with the loss of six hundred
slain, and full as many prisoners, — the loss of his opponents being
seven score, — and to have stolen down, after his defeat, to his Manor
of Latham in Lancashire.

The Tract has no date, — except that of Nov. 23, 1642, added to
the British Museum copy in MS, — as in the other King's Tracts.
The scene of battle is not mentioned, or the name of any officer
engaged, except Lord Derby ; and the Editor has not been able to
meet with any collateral confirmation of the alleged proceedings.

336

23tograp!)fcal pottos.

The following brief Notices, which might be amplified to many
volumes, have no pretensions beyond an attempt to identify the
persons and families of the numerous individuals who appear promi-
nently in the preceding Tracts, but who, for the most part, were
(as is probable) very little known, even in their own day, beyond
the sphere of their local exertions, or the connexions of family and
estate.

The General Index will at once lead the reader to the series
of actions and sufferings of these individuals, as recorded in the
Tracts themselves ; and References are subjoined to the several
names, pointing to MSS. or printed books, where the investigation
may be further pursued.

Ambrose (Isaac) pastor of Preston, author of several works, one of the Lanca-
shire Presbyterian divines named in the Ordinance of 1644 for Ordination of
ministers, and mentioned with much commendation by Calamy and in Hunter's
Life of Heywood.

Ambrose (William) one of the Commissioners proposed in an Ecclesiastical Bill
rejected by king Charles at Oxford, and probably William A. of Lowick. See
West's Furness, 4to. p. 204. There was, however, another family of Ambrose
at Woodplumpton.

Angier (John) pastor of Denton. One of the most popular and influential of the
Presbyterian ministers, and also a member of the local committee of Ordination.
See Calamy, Hunter, and Hibbert's Coll. Ch. of Manchester.

Anderton (John) of Anderton, Esq. added to the Lieutenancy on Hamilton's
approach in 1648. There is a pedigree of the family in Dugd. Vis. Lane. 1664.

Anderton — of Clayton, commander of the Royalists at the storming of Preston,
(called " Old Master Anderton") coincides in time with Hugh Anderton, of
Euxton and Clayton, Esq. between whose representatives these manors seem
to have been divided on the death of the said Hugh. This family was a younger
branch from Anderton: See Burke's Commoners, i. 607. There is a pedigree
of it in Dugdale's Vis. Lane. 1664.

Anderton (James) captain of horse, apparently James A. of Clayton, younger
son of Hugh Anderton before mentioned.

BIOGRAPHfCAL NOTICES. 337

Anderton ( — ) of Burchley. Roger Anderton of Birchley (younger son of Chris-
topher A. of Lostock, and a recusant) died in 1640, having married a daughter
of Edward Stafford, Esq. of which Roger A. this was probably the son. See
Baines, iii. 452 ; and Burke's Commoners, i. 608.

Anderton (Christopher) of Lostock, Esq. (a collateral line of Anderton of
Anderton) was father of Francis Anderton, Esq. created a baronet by Charles II
in 1677. See Wotton's Baronetage, iii. part ii. p. 633 ; and Dugdale's Vis.
Cest. 1664.

Ardeene (John) of Harden and Alvanley, Esq. the heir male of a family
which branched from the Ardens of Northamptonshire, and settled at Aldford
Castle in Cheshire in the time of king John. (Hist. Chesh. and Nichols's Topo-
grapher, i. 208.) The politics of the family were those of Sir George Booth's
party with respect to the first resistance to Charles and the subsequent support
of his son, and afterwards as decidedly in favour of the measures of James II.
See Wood's Ath. Ox. Diary of Bishop Cartwright, and Dean Arderne's early
and rare work, " The Kingdom of England the best Commonwealth."

Ashhurst (Henry) Esq. (a citizen and merchant of London) one of the founders
of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. He occurs
as a receiver of contributions for relief of Lancashire distresses, was younger son
of Henry Ashhurst of Ashhurst, Esq. and father of Sir Henry Ashhurst of
Waterstock, Oxon. created a baronet in 1688. See Wotton's Baronetage, 1727,
iii. 20; and Baxter's tribute to his truly Christian character, in a funeral
sermon, 1681.

Ashhurst (John) Parliamentary captain, of Radcliffe, near Manchester.

Ashhurst (William) of Ashhurst, Esq. elder brother of Henry, abovementioned,
and a member of the Lancashire Committee. See Wotton, as above. He was
a major in the service of the Parliament ; but after the separation of the Pres-
byterian and Independent parties, joined the Royalists, and was an active sup-
porter of Charles II and Lord Derby in 1651.

Assheton (Edmund) younger brother of Sir Ralph A. the younger, and his suc-
cessor in the baronetcy ; removed by the Parliament from the magistracy. See
Whitaker, &c. undermentioned.

Assheton (Radcliffe) younger brother of Sir Ralph A. the elder, and ancestor
of the present family of A. of Cuerdale. Sir Whitaker's Whalley, 244, 299.

Assheton (Sir Ralph) of Great Lever and Whalley, created a baronet,
1620 ; died 1644. See Whitaker's Whalley, 244.

Assheton (Ralph) of Great Lever and Whalley) Esq. M.P. for Clithero,
1640, and succeeded his father as a baronet, 1644; died 1680. See Collins'
Baronetage, ii. 219 ; and Whitaker's Whalley, p. 244.

Assheton (Ralph) major-general (representative of the Middleton branch of
the Ashtons of Ashton), one of the most active and influential members of the

X X

338 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

lieutenancy, colonel of one of the Lancashire regiments, and commander in chief
of the militia of the county, as colonel-general in 1648. He was knight of the
shire at the commencement of the troubles ; died in 1652, in the forty-fifth year
of his age, according to an inscription in Middleton church, printed in Whit-
aker's Whalley, p. 524, and Collins' Baronetage, ii. 216. Consult these and
Dugdale's Vis. Lane. 1664. His eldest son is enumerated among the supposed
victims of witchcraft ; his second was created a baronet, 1660.

Assheton (William) pastor of Middleton, one of the Presbyterian Committee of
Ordination, and younger brother of the parliamentary general. Collins'
Baronetage.

Ashton (James) of Chadderton, Esq. (a collateral branch from Ashton), a member
of the Lancashire Committee. See Dugdale's Vis. Lane. 1664.

Ashton ( — ) of Penketh, jun. ; probably John, son of Thomas Ashton of Pen-
keth, living at the Lancashire Visitation of 1613. See continuation of same in
Harl. MSS. 1987.

Ashton (Richard) Esq. (not identified), occurs in the proposed committee for
punishment of scandalous ministers, &c. in 1643. See p. 91.

Aston (Sir Thomas) of Aston, in Cheshire, Bart., chief of that family, and a
relative of Sir Arthur Aston, slain at Tredagh, in Ireland. He was author of a
Survey of Presbyterian Discipline (printed with the Cheshire Petition, called a
Remonstrance against Presbytery) in 1641 ; commanded the forces defeated by
Brereton near Middlewich, 1643 ; and died of wounds received at Stafford, 1645.
See Hist. Chesh. iii. 97, and Sir P. Leycester's character of him, ibid. i. 535.

Atherton ( — ) captain of horse, and seemingly in Lord Molyneux's regiment,
but not further identified.

Bagaley, or Baggerley (Humphrey) an attendant of Lord Derby, and author
of the Diary of his imprisonment, &c. See p. 316.

Bath (Robert) pastor of Rochdale, and one of the Presbyterian Committee of
Ordination, sent down by his wife's uncle, archbishop Laud, but stated to have
mightily disappointed him by proving a Puritan. See Calamy, Account, 399,
and Whitaker's Whalley, 445, 3rd edit.

Bell (William) M.A. pastor of Huyton, one of the king's preachers for Lan-
cashire, and one of the Presbyterian Committee of Ordination. See Calamy,
Account, p. 404.

Bindloss (Sir Robert) of Borwick, Bart, one of the parliamentary deputy-
lieutenants, added to the list in 1645. See Burke's Ext.Barts.

Birch (Thomas) of Birch, in the parish of Manchester, deputy-lieutenant, a
colonel of militia, governor of Liverpool, and M.P. for that borough. See Dug-
dale's Vis. Ches. 1664, and Vernon's pedigree of the family in Baines, ii. 531.
His son, of the same name, was a Lancashire antiquary, and some of his col-
lections are printed by Gregson.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 339

Birkenhead (Henry) of Backford, co. Cest. Esq. one of the Cheshire magis-
trates, 1650, and lieut.-col. of Duckenfield's Cheshire regiment in the same year.
Hist. Chesh. i. xxxix. and ii. 200.

Blundell (William) of Crosby, Esq. taken prisoner at Preston, after his thigh
was shattered by a ball. See Seacome, orig. edit. p. 83, and a letter from him,
describing his sufferings, in Baines, iv. 217; but in the previous remarks (ibid.)
the scene of his misfortune is incorrectly stated to be the siege of Lathom.

Bold (Peter) of Bold, Esq. representative of one of the most ancient houses in
Lancashire, and described in Dodsworth's Pedigree (Harl. MSS. 1987) as aged
nine years at the death of his father, Richard Bold, Esq. in 1635, and (of course)
a minor during the greatest part of the civil war.

Booth (Sir George) Bart. Lord of the Palatine Baronies of Dunham and War-
rington, severally in Cheshire and Lancashire, twice sheriff of each county, and
an active deputy-lieutenant at the commencement of the civil war, when ap-
proaching the age of eighty. See Hist. Chesh. i. 402. Collins' Peerage, edit.
1768. Clarendon, vii. 323.

Booth (Sir George) Bart, grandson and heir of the preceding, and, as Clarendon
says, " of infinite power with the Presbyterians, for the memory of his grand-
father." He also supported the parliament in the early struggles, but afterwards
distinguished himself in well-known exertions on behalf of Charles II in 1 659,
and became the first Lord Delamere. See authorities as before, and Hunter's
Hey wood, 178.

Booth (John) parliamentary colonel ; afterwards knighted, and of Woodford, in
Cheshire. . See Hist. Chesh. iii. 445. He was a younger son of Sir Geo. Booth
of Dunham, the elder.

Bootle (William) captain in the service of the parliament. See p. 189.

Bourne (William) B.D. Senior Fellow of the Coll. Ch. Manch. under the
charter of Charles I, and buried there Aug. 26, 1643. See Hibbert, i. 205, 4 14,
and many notices in Hollinworth's Mancuniensis.

Bradell (John) Esq. John Braddyll of Portfield (ancestor of Braddyll of
Conishead), died 1655, having had issue a son of the same name, slain in the
civil war in 1643, at Thornton in Craven. Whitaker's Whalley, p. 244, 3rd edit.

Bradshaw (Henry) of Marple and Wyberslegh in Cheshire, Esq. (elder brother
of the president), lieut.-col. in Ashton's Lancashire regiment, col. of one of the
Cheshire regiments which was distinguished at Worcester, and one of the judges
on Lord Derby's court martial. He was father of Henry B., purchaser of Brad-
shaw Hall in Lancashire, 1693. Hist. Chesh. iii. 408-11.

Bradshaw (James) born at Hacking in Darcy Lever (according to Calamy),
afterwards of Brazenose College, Oxford, minister of Wigan, one of the adhe-
rents of Sir George Booth in 1652, and ejected as a non-conformist after the
Restoration. See his Life in Calamy.

340 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Bradshaw (John) the President, third son of Henry B. of Marple, by his wife
Catherine Winnington; chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster; died 1659,
without issue.

Bradshaw (John) of Bradshaw Hall, Bolton parish (often confounded with the
President). He was eldest son of John B. of B. and Isabel Ashton ; married
Alice Leicester of Toft; served the office of sheriff of Lancashire, 1645, under
an ordinance which specially ordered his patent of office, and enacted the oath
for himself and successors ; and was buried at Bolton, 1665. Husband, p. 598.
Lane. Vis. 1613 and 1614. Marple Deeds, and MS. Pedigree drawn from deeds
in 1661.

Bradshaw (Robert) captain in the service of the parliament, coincident in name
and time with Robert, younger brother of John Bradshaw of Bradshaw, above-
mentioned.

Brereton (William) of Brereton, Cheshire, head of that ancient house, and
second Lord Brereton of Leighlin, in Ireland. See Hist. Chesh. iii. 49, 449,
and also Noble's Regicides, i. 118.

Brereton (Sir William) of Honford, Cheshire, Bart, a Lancashire deputy-
lieutenant, and frequently acting in concert with the Manchester garrison. For
a memoir of this distinguished and successful officer, see Hist. Chesh. iii. 326 ;
and for notices of his general military career, ibidem, 449. After the death of
Laud, he had a grant of the archiepiscopal palace at Croydon.

Brethergh (Lieut.) of the family of Brethergh Holt in Childwall, well
known in Puritan biography by the Life of " Mistris Katherin Brethergh" (sister
of Bruen of Stapleford), and some funeral sermons by Leygh and Harrison,
published with it Pedigree in Dugdale's Vis. Lane. 1664, andHarl. MSS. 1987.

Brideoake (Ralph) D.D. born at Chetham Hill, near Manchester, educated at
that school and at Brazenose, afterwards high master of Manchester school, and
chaplain at Lathom during the siege; subsequently chaplain to Lenthall, speaker
of the House of Commons ; and finally bishop of Chichester, after the Restora-
tion, through the interest of the Duchess of Portsmouth. A memoir of his
eventful and not very creditable career will be found in the Athence Oxoniensis.

Bridgeman (Henry) D.D. (younger son of John Bridgeman, bishop of Chester),
rector of Wigan, &c. dean of Chester, and afterwards bishop^of Man. See
Hist. Chesh. i. 221.

Bridgeman (John) D.D. Bishop of Chester, 1619 ; purchaser of Great Lever
from the Ashetons, and the proprietor thereof, noticed in the Valley of Achor, p.
129. See Hist. Chesh. i. 76. Baines, iL 614.

Bridgeman (Sir Orlando) Bart, eldest son of the preceding, created a baronet
1660, and lord keeper 1667 ; ancestor of the earls of Bradford.

Buckley (James) of Whitfield, within Crompton in Oldham; parliamentary
captain. Clegg. Ped. privately printed.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 341

Butte rworth (Edward) of Belfield, Esq. one of the Lancashire Committee
in 1645. See Dugdale's Vis. 1664, and Whitaker's Whalley, 3rd edit. 456.

Buxton (Michael) one of the constables of Manchester, 1645.

Byrom (Henry) of Byrom, Esq. serjeant-major in the regiment of Lord
Molineux, and slain at Edge Hill, 1642.

Byrom (John) of Salford, a descendant of the same family; serjeant-major in
the Royalist regiment commanded by Col. Nowell, and one of the prominent
characters in the rejoicings at Manchester at the Restoration.

Byron (John) first Lord Byron, Baron of Rochdale (being so created in 1643,
with remainder to his six brothers) ; one of a family of gallant Royalists, distin-
guished by high services in the siege and the field. The points where he occurs
in the present work, relate to the siege of Nantwich and defence of Chester.

Byron (Sir Robert) younger brother of Lord Byron ; Royalist colonel, governor
of Liverpool during the siege by Sir John Meldrum in 1644.

Cansfield (John) of Cansfield in Tunstall, Esq. afterwards knighted, and com-
mander of the queen's regiment of horse in the second battle of Newbury, where
he is said to have saved the life of Charles I and the Prince by a decisive charge.
See Clarendon, iv. 584 ; Collins' Baronets, i. 105 ; and Baines, iv. 614.

Chantrell (Captain) called also Chantwell and Channell. Chantrell was the
name of a respectable family settled at Bache Hall, near Chester.

Charnock ( — ) of Charnock, Royalist captain. The Charnocks were an ancient
family in the neighbourhood of Chorley, of whom several entries will be found in
the Lancashire Visitations.

Chetham (Humphrey) Esq. Founder of the Hospital and Library at
Manchester bearing his name, and treasurer of the county of Lancaster
in 1644.

Chetham ( — ) of Nuthurst. " Thomas Chetam" of Nuthurst occurs in 1635, in
Whatton's Life of the Founder of the Chetham Hospital (p. 151), as certifying
to the heralds with respect to the subject of that worthy man being of his "bloud
and lynage," and is probably the person here intended.

Chisenhale (Edward) of Chisenhale, Esq. representative of an ancient family
in Chorley parish ; appointed colonel of a Royalist regiment by Rupert, after the
first siege of Lathom, with which he served at Marston Moor. He was author
of a polemical work, entitled Catholike History, the frontispiece to which is re-
markable : the author is represented kneeling, in full cavalier's costume, near a
study, in which his gown and his buff-coat are suspended, severally underwritten
" Mercurio" and " Marte" ; he presents his book to clergy issuing from a church
entitled " Sponsa mea," by an inscription on a ray of glory, whilst the pope and
his train, and a female demon claiming these latter persons as " familia mea,"
are looking on the kneeling author in dismay.

Chorley ( — ) of Chorley. William Chorley, of Chorley, occurs in Dugdale's

342 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Visitation as deceasing in 1652, and as father of Richard Chorley, who died
in 1653.

Clifton (Thomas) of Clifton and Lytham, Esq. chief of that house, and uncle
of the ancestor of the present representative. He was created a baronet Mar. 4,
1660, and died S.P. See Burke's Ext. Barts. and Dugdale's Vis. Lane.

Crompton (James) of Breightmet. See Gregge.

Croxton (Thomas) of Ravenscroft, colonel of one of the Cheshire regiments
raised in 1650 ; governor of Chester Castle in 1659, when the city was occupied
by Sir George Booth ; and previously one of the members of the court-martial at
Lord Derby's trial. He was representative of an ancient family in that county.
Hist. Chesh. iii. 110.

Cunliffe (Nicholas) of Hollings (ancestor of the present baronet), and Robert
his brother, members of the Lancashire Committee, 1645.

Dalton ( — ). Most probably Thomas Dalton of Thurnham, col. of horse, who
died in 1643, of wounds received at Newbury, having raised a regiment of horse
in the king's service. See Baines, iv. 543.

Danson (Thomas) under-sheriff of Lancashire.

Danyel (Peter) the younger, of Over Tabley, Cheshire, Esq. a captain of in-
fantry in the regiment raised by John, Earl Rivers ; died at Oxford, of wounds
received at the siege of Gloucester in 1643. See Hist. Chesh. i. 367.

Derby (James Stanley) seventh Earl of, K.G. and K.B. ; summoned, 1628, as
Lord Strange, in his father's lifetime (whom he succeeded as earl) ; in 1642
lord-lieutenant and lord-general of Lancashire, under the Royal appointment,
after being displaced from his lieutenancies of Cheshire and North Wales by the
king, and from that of Lancashire by the Parliament; beheaded at Bolton-le-
Moors, Oct. 15, 1651.

Derby (Charlotte) Countess of, daughter of Claude de la Tremouille, Duke of
Thouars, and of the Lady Charlotte his wife, daughter of William I, Prince of
Orange. She died, March 21, 1663, and was buried at Ormskirk.

Derby (William Stanley) sixth Earl of. It requires to be noticed, that the
Tracts (pp. 47, 52) date his death on Sep. 25, 1642, — the authors of Baronages,
Collins, Dugdale, &c, on Sep. 29.

Dives (Sir Lewis) of Bromham, co. Bedford, uterine brother of the Earl of Bristol.

Dodding (Geo.) of Conished Priory, Esq. col. of one of the Lancashire regiments
of Parliamentary militia. He was head of an ancient Furness family, succeed-
ing that of Sandys of Conished, and now represented by Braddyll. See West's
Furness, 4to. edit. 216, and the Visitations of 1613 and 1664.

Downes (Master) of Wardley. John Downes, son of Roger Downes, vice-
chamberlain of Lancashire (who removed from Cheshire to Wardley, previously
the seat of the Tyldesleys), and husband of Penelope, daughter of Sir Cecil
Trafford ; respecting which marriage, and other legends connected with the family
and their ancient seat, see Baines, iii. 146, and Roby's Traditions.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 343

Dukenfield (Robert) of Dukenfield, Cheshire, Esq. head of that name ; Par-
liamentary colonel, governor of Chester, &c. in 1651, and father of Sir Robert
Dukenfield, created baronet 1665. See Dugdale's Vis. Chesh. 1664 ; memoir
in Hist. Chesh. iii. 397 ; and also Whitelock's memorials, for the account of his
reduction of the Isle of Man.

Egerton (Peter) of Shaw, in Flixton, Esq. a descendant from the Ridley branch
of the Cheshire Egertons, a col. in the Parliamentary service, and also one of
the deputy-lieutenants and commissioners of sequestration for Lancashire. See
Hist. Chesh. ii. 162 ; Baines, iii. 163 ; and Dugdale's Vis. Lane. 1664.

Fairfax (Sir Thomas) General of the Parliamentary forces, afterwards Lord
Fairfax. The elder Fairfax does not occur in the Lancashire proceedings.

Farrington (William) Esq. of Werden ; Sheriff 1636, a Commissioner of Array,
and one of the Magistrates displaced by Parliament in 1641. His name occurs
in the list of proposed Knights of the intended order of the Royal Oak. See
Burke's Commoners, iii, 341.

Farmer (Captain) a Scotch gentleman, previously trained in the wars of the Low
Countries, and slain at Marston Moor, serving under Colonel Chisenhale.

Fell (Thomas) of Swartmoor Hall, near Ulverston, Vice-Chancellor of the
Duchy of Lancaster, and one of the Welch Judges ; died 1658, leaving a widow
(Margaret, daughter of John Askew), who married in 1669 the celebrated Geo.
Fox, by whom she, her first husband, and family, had been converted to Quaker-
ism. The story is well told in Roby's Traditions, iv. p. 86.

Fitton (Sir Edward) of Gawsworth, Cheshire, Baronet; served at Edgehill,
Banbury, Brainford, and Reading, and slain at the taking of Bristol, 1643.
Monument at Gawsworth. See Hist. Chesh. iii. 295.

Fleetwood (John) of Penwortham, Esq. and representative of that branch of
the family, a Commissioner of Array, and member of Lord Derby's council for
Lancashire.

Fleetwood (Richard) supposed to be Richard second son of Sir Paul Fleetwood
of Rossall, aged 45 at the Visitation of 1664.

Fogg or Fogge, of Darcey Lever, Bolton Parish. Several of this name occur,
and appear to be branches belonging to a family, of the rank of minor gentry,
and of moderate puritan principles, which was there settled. See Disclaimers in
Dugdale's Vis. of 1664, and Hunter's Life of Hey wood, 175.

Foxe (John) Gentleman. The Foxes of the Rhodes, in Prestwich, were a respect-
able family of moderate puritan principles, particularly noticed in Hinde's Life
of John Bruen, p. 110, and for many generations tenants of Rhodes, under the
Derby family.

Foxe (Richard) Captain ; most probably one of the same family.

Gaskell (John) an original trustee of Clarke's Charity, 1636.

Gamul (Sir Francis) of Buerton, knight and colonel ; the host of King Charles

344 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

when visiting Chester during his mayoralty, and in siege. See Hist. Chesh. i.
206, iii. 250. Inaccurately stated in one of the accounts of Wigan fight, and by
Lloyd, to have fallen there in 1651, died 1654, and was buried in St. Mary's,
Chester, his sequestrated life interest in Buerton being sold in 1653.

Gee (Edward) Puritan Minister of Eccleston. See Hunter's Heywood, p. 89.

Gerard (Sir Gilbert) knight and colonel, younger brother of Sir Charles
Gerard of Halsal, co. Lane, and husband of Anne, Lady Brereton, one of the
coheiresses of Sir Edw. Fitton of Gaws worth. He was governor of Worcester,
for Car. I, and buried there. Hist. Chesh. i. 481.

Gerard (Radclyfee) twin brother of Sir Gilbert, and lieut. col. of his regiment.
Ibid.

Gerard (Sir William) of Bryn, Bart, the head of the Lancashire branch of this
ancient family, and a munificent contributor to the necessities of the Royalists.
See Collins's and Wotton's Baronetages.

Gerard (Richard) brother of Sir William, and a lieut. col. of a regiment of foot-
guards raised by himself at the request of the Queen H. M. In the service of
Spain in the Low Countries before 1642, and subsequently attendant on
Henrietta Maria to her death. Ibid.

Girlington (Cath.) Lady (wife of Sir J. G.) daughter of Thomas Girlington of
Lancashire. Dugd. Vis. L. 1664.

Girlington (Sir John) of Thurland, liberated by the articles of surrender of
Thurland in 1643; is stated by Whitelock (p. 110) to have been drowned in the
rout of the Newark forces in 1644; and with equal seeming inaccuracy, named
as living, in the proposals of the Parliament to the King, July 11, 1646, Rushw.
pt. iv. vol. i. 314. In the Black Tribunal, and by Lloyd, he is stated to have
fallen in the battle between Langdale and Rossiter near Melton Mowbray, in
February 1644-5. This last statement agrees with the account in Dugdale's
Vis. of 1664, — "slain in 1645, being then major-general."

Greene (Alexander) one of the trustees of Humphrey Chetham in 1651.

Greenhalgh (Capt. John) of Brandlesholme, in Bury parish, governor of the
Isle of Man. An account of the family is given in Dugdale's Vis. of 1664, and
of the place in Baines's Lancash. ii. 676; and the Character of Greenhalgh
himself is drawn strikingly and most favourably in Lord Derby's Memoir
addressed to his son. Peck Des. Cur. lib. xi. p. 25.

Greg or Gregge (Robert) Vicar of Bolton le Moors, and younger brother
of Edw. Greg of Bradley in Cheshire. See Calamy in account of Thomas Greg
of St. Helen's, Hist. Chesh. ii. 24, and Hunter's Life of Hey wood.

Greg (Alice) widow of the preceding, and daughter of James Crompton of
Breighmet, member of a very wide-spread family, settled at Crompton in Prest-
wich parish from the 13th to the 17th century, and first appearing in Bolton
parish as a branch resident at Hackin in Darcy Lever, temp. Ric. III. Several

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 345

well-known and pious members of this family are noticed by Anthony Wood,
Calamy, Henry, and Hunter; and three sisters of this lady were wives of Richard
Goodwin, pastor of Bolton, Oliver Heywood, the subject of Mr. Hunter's work,
and John Okey, who has a celebrated historical memorial in Bolton churchyard:

Halsall (Edward) one of the persons to whom the authorship of the History of
Lathom Siege in 1644 has been referred, and one of the parties arrested in 1650
on suspicion of murdering Ascham (the Parliamentary agent at Madrid), being
then aged only 23 years. Baines, iv. 251 ; and Clarendon, vi. 443.

Hamilton (James) first Duke of, taken prisoner at Uttoxeter, Aug. 1648 ; be-
headed, March 1649.

Harper (John) pastor of Bolton, one of the Lancashire Committee of Ordination.
See Hunter's Heywood.

Hartley (John) of Manchester, draper; afterwards purchaser of the hall and
manor of Strangeways; and high-sheriff in 1649. Many memorials of this
family are given by Hibbert, Hist, of the Coll. Ch. vol. ii.

Harrison (John) minister of Walmesley, and afterwards rector of Ashton-under-
Lyne, in the presentation of Sir Geo. Booth, and one of the Lancashire Com-
mittee of Ordination. Life in Calamy, Account, 396.

Haworth (Richard) of Manchester, a magistrate, whose name frequently occurs
in the celebration of marriages during the Commonwealth, and who is stated in
Whatton's list of trustees of the Manchester school, to be a descendant from the
Howorths of Ho worth.

Herle (Charles) rector of Winwick, one of the two Lancashire members of the
assembly of divines at Westminster, and a member of the Presbyterian Com-
mittee of Ordination. See Hunter's Heywood, p. 54.

Heyrick (Richard) M.A. (younger son of Sir William H. of Beaumanon), some-
time Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, and Warden of Manchester from
1636 to 1646, when the Presbyterian form of Church government was introduced,
and again from 1660 to 1667. He was a member of the Lancashire Committee
of Presbyterian Ordination, and of the assembly of divines at Westminster. See
annals of his wardenship, and notices of his sermons, in Hibbert's Coll. Ch. and
his Monumental Inscription, ibid. i. 372 ; and remarks on his political incon-
sistency in Baines' Lane, and in Wood's Ath. Oxon. iii. 780.

Heywood (Peter) of Manchester, a pretended adherent of the Parliament, but
secret agent of the Royalists in Manchester, and stated to be son of Peter Hey-
wood of Heywood, a Lancashire magistrate, concerned in the apprehension of
Guy Fawkes, and afterwards stabbed in Westminster Hall by a Dominican friar.
See Palmer's Siege, p. 83, and Baines, ii. 676.

Hide (Robert) of Denton, Esq. aged 62 at Dugdale's visitation in 1664, and
husband of one of the co-heiresses of Crompton of Crompton, in Oldham
Chapelry. He was the head of a family of strict Puritanical principles.

Y Y

346 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Hoghton (Sir Gilbert) of Hoghton, bart. representative of a collateral line of
the barons of Kendal, and ancestor of the present baronet. For accounts of him,
his family, seat of Hoghton Tower, and King James's reception there, see Col-
lins' and Wotton's Baronetages, Nichols' Progresses of James, iii. 398, and Whit-
aker's Whalley.

Hoghton (Margaret) Lady, one of the four daughters and co-heiresses of Sir
Roger Aston, kt., one of the gentlemen of the chamber to James I.

Hoghton (Sir Richard) bart. son of the preceding.

Hoghton (Radclyffe) younger brother of Sir Gilbert H. and captain of horse.

Hoghton ( — ) Royalist captain, nephew of Sir Gilbert H.

Holcroft (John) of Holcroft, Esq. a Parliamentary deputy-lieut. and lieut.-
col. and head of a knightly family, of which the Holcrofts of Vale Royal, in
Cheshire, and those of Hurst, in Lancashire, were junior branches. See Visita-
tions of 1567 and 1664 ; and Harl. MSS. 1987.

Holland (Richard) of Heaton, in Prestwich, Esq. governor of Manchester,
from whose younger brother, William Holland, descended, in the female line,
the Egertons, Earls of Wilton. Ped. in Dugdale's Vis. Lane. 1664.

Hollin worth (Richard) M.A. Fellow of the Collegiate Church in Manchester,
author of Mancuniensis, a chronicle of Manchester, published in 1839, and some
controversialist works ; died 1656. See many notices of him in Hibbert.

Hollywell (Richard) p. 35. Query, Hollinworth?

Holt ( — ) of Ashurst. Read Ashworth, pedigree in Dugd. Vis. Lane. 1664.

Holt (Robert) of Stubley, near Rochdale, Esq. representative of an ancient
family there. Dugd. Vis. Lane. 1664 ; and Whitaker's Whalley.

Holt (Captain) supposed to be Peter Holt of Bridge Hall, Bury, who died about
1650. Ped. in Dugd. Vis. 1664.

Hopwood (Edmund) of Hopwood, Esq. ; married Dorothy, daughter of Edward
Assheton, rector of Middleton ; sheriff, 1650 ; and aged 65 at the visitation
of 1664.

Horrocks. There were several Puritan ministers of this surname: Alexander
Horrocks, vicar of Dean, of considerable celebrity, and one of the Lancashire
Committee of Presbyterian Ordination ; John Horrocks of Colne, whose epitaph
is given by Whitaker, as the most bombastic that he ever met with ; and Thomas
Horrocks, M.A. of Maiden, in Essex, who has a life in Calamy's work, and was
also from Bolton. The vicar of Dean was most probably the person intended by
" the rogue Horrocks, that preaches in his grey cloak," alluded to by Rupert's
troopers in Bolton Massacre. See p. 192.

Hudleston (Colonel) one of nine brothers, sons of Ferdinando Hudleston, of
Millum in the county of Cumberland, of whom the eldest was created a knight
banneret for recovering the Royal Standard at Edgehill, and all were officers in
the Royal service. See Burns' Cumberland, p. 12 ; and Burke's Commoners,
ii. 584.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 347

Hyde (Hamnet) of Hyde and Norbury,hi Cheshire, Esq. aged seventeen at the
visitation of 1580, and died 1643. Hist. Chesh. iii. 395.

Hyet (James) pastor of Croston, one of the Lancashire committee of ordination.
Calamy's Account, p. 408.

Hylton (John) supposed to be John Hylton of Darley in Farnworth, named as
aged sixteen, in the inquisition after the death of his father, John H. in 1606;
and as husband of Winifred Hopwood, of Hopwood, in Dugdale's Vis. L. of
1664, and a descendant (through Hulton of Farnworth) from the parent line of
Hulton Park.

Ireland (Sib Gilbert) of Hale, knight, and also of Bewsey, in right of his wife
Margaret, daughter of Thomas Ireland, Esq. See Gregson's Fragments, 218 ;
Baines' Lancashire (in Hale) ; and Dugd. Vis. L. 1664.

Jackson ( — ) serjeant-major of Col. Ashton's regiment, and occupier of Knows-
ley, under the Parliamentary sequestrations in 1647. Capt. Hodgson adds to
the account of his misconduct at Preston in 1648, " the Major had been called
to a council of war, but that he cried peccavi."

Johnson (Richard) a fellow of Manchester Coll. Church, actively instru-
mental in procuring the new charter thereof granted by Charles I, 1635. See
Hibbert's Hist, of the Coll. Ch. for many notices of him.

Key (Kay) a distinguished officer of cavalry in both the sieges of Lathom, and the
subject of a chivalrous anecdote in Seacome's narrative, orig. edit. p. 120. He
is stated to have been a resident of Walmersley, in Bury Parish, Baines, ii. 677.

Kilmorey (Robert Needham) second Viscount, of Shavinton, Salop. This
nobleman married to his second wife, Eleanor, daughter and heiress of Thomas
Dutton, of Dutton, Esq. widow of Sir Gilbert Gerard, K.B. for whose excellent
character, as drawn by her son-in-law, Sir Peter Leycester, see Hist. Chesh.
i. 482.

Kirkby (Roger) of Kirkby, Esq. M.P. for Lancashire in the Long Parliament,
married Agnes, daughter of Sir John Lowther, of Lowther, co. Westmoreland.
See Vis. Lane. 1664.

Knype. There is a pedigree of Knipe of Boughton in the Lane. Vis. of 1664.

Langdale (Sir Marmaduke) of Holme in Yorkshire, afterwards Lord Langdale.
The best account of this gallant soldier will be found in Collins' Peerage, vii. 46,
edit. 1768.

Lathom (Mr.) " the great Papist." There were two considerable Lancashire Royal-
ists of this name ; and as it does not appear that Edmund Latham, the seques-
trated owner of Irlam (of whom so much is said by Seacome) was a recusant, it
is most probable that Richard Lathom of Parbold and Allerton (aged forty-
one years, 1664, is here intended. He was son and heir of Thomas Lathom
of Parbold, by Elizabeth, daughter of Christopher Preston of Holker, and widow
of Edward Tyldesley, of Morleys, Esq. by whom that lady was mother of Major
General Sir Thomas Tyldesley. See Nichols' Collectanea, vol. vii. p. 11.

348 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Lathom (Paul) M.A. one of the Committee of Ordination, chaplain to Col. General
Assheton (whose sister he married), and rector of Standish, which he resigned
(as a non- conformist) in 1662. See Calamy, Account, p. 412 ; and Dugd.
V. L. 1664. He was brother of John Lathom, of Whiston, Esq. and of Andrew
Lathom, a Puritan minister, noticed in Hunter's Life of Heywood, p. 83, and in
the Memoirs of Capt. Hodgson of Coley.

Legh (Thomas) of Adlington, Cheshire, Esq. head of that branch of the Vena-
bles family, and son of Sir Urian Leigh, the supposed subject of the ballad of
" The Spanish Ladies Love." See Hist. Chesh. iii. 333.

Lightbowne (James) one of the executors of H. Chetham, 1651, and a constable
of Manchester, 1646.

Lomax (Richard) one of the original trustees of Clarke's Charity, 1636.

Mackwobth (Humpheey) of Betton-Strange, Salop, Parliamentary colonel,
president of the court-martial by which Lord Derby was condemned in 1651,
and governor of Shrewsbury. He was ancestor of the present baronet, and
descendant of the Mackworths of Mackworth Castle in Derbyshire, and is the
subject of an excellent biographical memoir in Blakeway's Sheriffs of Shrop-
shire, p. 137.

Mainwaring (Col. Edward) of Kirmincham Hall, Cheshire. Hist. Chesh. i.
xxxv. ; and iii. 45.

Markland (Ralph) bailiff of Wigan, 1649. Markland (Thomas) occurring in
a Commission of Sequestration in 1643. (Hibbert's Coll. Ch. i. 221.) Mark-
land ( — ) Parliamentary captain, but afterwards engaged under Sir George
Booth in 1651, and one of the prisoners taken by Lambert at Winnington
Bridge. All these were most probably members of one family, but have not
been exactly identified.

Marler (James) one of the executors of Humphrey Chetham in 1651.

Marler (John) an original trustee of Clarke's Charity, 1636.

Massy, or Massie (Edw.) major-general, originally an active Parliamentarian,
and the celebrated governor of Gloucester during its siege by Charles I ; subse-
quently as active a Royalist, and, in the words of Clarendon, " looked upon as
a martyr for the Presbyterian interest." He was fifth son of John Massie, of
Coddinton in Cheshire, by Anne, daughter of Richard Grosvenor of Eaton.
Further particulars in Hist. Chesh. ii. 398-9, iii. 448, in Clarendon and in
Corbet, reprinted in Webb's Gloucestershire Civil War Tracts.

Middleton (Sir George) of Leighton, knight and bart. Royalist col. knighted
by the King at York, June 26, 1642, and created a baronet June 27. See
Burkes' Ext. Baronets.

Molineux (Richard) second Viscount Molineux of Maryborough, and heir
male of the family of Molineux of Sefton (see p. 47), died soon after 1651,
issueless. See Collins' Baronets, i. 26.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 349

Molineux (Caryl) third Viscount Molineux of Maryborough, brother of the
preceding, whom he joined in raising cavalry, and in services in Lancashire and
elsewhere, and attendance on King Charles at Oxford and Charles II at Wor-
cester. Ancestor of the Earl of Sefton. See Collins, ibidem.

Moore (John) Parliamentary colonel, governor of Liverpool, and M.P. for that
borough, representative of an ancient Lancashire family settled at Moore Hall
and Bank Hall, and father of Edward Moore, created a baronet by Charles II.
See Vis. Lane. Harl. MSS. 1987, Gregson's Fragments, & Wotton's Baronetage.

Monson (Sir John) K.B. and M.P. (Lord Strange's negotiator.) See Lloyd's
Memoirs, 699, describing him as " assisting in all counsels, and one in all trea-
ties, for which he paid £2642."

Mort (Adam) of Preston, son of Adam Mort of Tyldesley (a collateral of the
Morts of Damhouse) and husband of Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Tyl-
desley, knight, attorney-general for Lancashire, a near relative of Major Gen.
Tyldesley. See Vis. 1613 and 1664. See also Baines, iv. 313, for several par-
ticulars respecting the mayoralty of Preston (to which Mort had been appointed)
being really held by another at the time of his heroic death.

Mosley (Sir Edward) bart. of Rolleston, co. Staff, and Houghs-end in Lan-
cashire, and baron (i. e. manerial lord) of Manchester. See Burke's Ext. Barts.
and pedigree in Baines, ii. 353. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Mid-
dlewich by Brereton in 1643, Hist. Chesh. 97.

Mosley (Nicholas) boroughreeve of Manchester, 1642. See pedigree as before.

Moseley (Nicholas) and Francis, his father, of Manchester, were Royalists,
whose property was seized by the Parliament in 1643. See Hibbert, 'i. 220.
Francis Mosley, of Collihurst, gent, occurs as one of H. Chetham's trustees, 1651.

Mosley (Edward) captain in the Parliamentary service.

Musgrave (Sir Philip) of Eden Hall in Westmoreland, bart. Royalist colonel
and governor of Carlisle, distinguished by services at Marston, Rowton Heath,
and Worcester, and by raising several successive regiments ; and in consideration
of these services, had a warrant to take out the title of Baron Musgrave of
Hartley. See Collins' and Wotton's Baronetcies.

Mytton (Thomas) of Halston,co. Salop, Parliamentary general, and a member
of Lord Derby's court-martial in 1651. A memoir of him is given in Pennant's
Wales, i. 247.

Newcastle (William Cavendish) Earl of, nephew of William first Earl of
Devonshire, created marquess of Newcastle 1643, and duke of N. 1664.

Newton (Alexander) lieut. col. and a member of Lord Derby's court martial.
He was major of one of the Cheshire regiments, commanded by Bradshaw of
Marple at Worcester fight, and raised in 1650. Hist. Chesh. i. xxxix.

Nowell (Henry) younger son of Roger Nowell of Read, Esq., by his second wife
Catherine Hyde of Hyde and Norbury, and half brother of col. Roger Nowell.
He was Deputy Governor of the Isle of Man. Whitaker's Whalley, p. 264.

350 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Nowell (John) coincides in name and time with an uncle of Roger Nowell, next
mentioned.

Nowell (Roger) of Read, colonel of a Lancashire Royalist regiment, and head
of an ancient family. He was fourth in descent from Roger Nowell, elder bro-
ther of the celebrated dean of St. Paul's, and son of another Roger Nowell of
considerable local celebrity for his exertion in the discovery and commitment of
Lancashire witches. See Ped. &c. in Whitaker's Whalley, 3rd edit. 264, and
Potts's Discoverie of Witches.

Norris (Alexander) of Halgh near Bolton le Moors, treasurer of the Lancashire
committee. He had a daughter and heiress, Alice, who brought his estates to
the Starkies of Huntroyd in marriage in 1654. Hist. Chesh. iii. 474.

Norris ( — ) Royalist colonel, governor of Warrington.

Norris ( — ) Royalist captain.

Ogle (Henry and Cuthbert) members of the family of Ogle of Whiston in
West Derby. See Dugdale's Vis. 1664, and Gregson's Fragments, p. 182.

Penketh, (Lieut.) A family of this name, resident at Penketh, near Prescot,
appears in the Lane. Vis. of 1566.

Preston ( — ) Royalist captain ; probably either Henry Preston of Preston (Dugd.
Vis. 1664), or Thomas Preston of Holker (West's Furness, 4to, 262). The dates
do not suit the Prestons of Preston Patrick.

Prestwich (Thomas) of Hulme Hall near Manchester, Esq.; served in Cheshire
under Sir Thomas Aston 1644, created a baronet 1644, afterwards sold his estate
to the Mosleys, and died S. P. See Hibbert's Coll. Ch. of M. ii. 11, Burke's
Ext. Baronetage, and Hist. Chesh. iii. 99.

Rawstorne (Edward) of New-Hall, Royalist colonel and governor of Lathom
in the second siege; married, first, Helen daughter of Radcliffe Ashton of Cuer-
dale, Esq., and, secondly, Mary daughter of John Greenhalgh of Brandlesome,
Esq., but died issueless, and was succeeded by his brother Lawrence Rawstorne,
Esq.

Radcliffe (Sir Alexander) of Ordsall, K.B., heir male of that ancient branch
of Radcliffe, and possessed of Attilborough in Suffolk, by marriage with the
natural daughter of his kinsman Robert R. Earl of Sussex, K.G. He was son
of Sir John Radcliffe, by his wife Alice, daughter of Sir John Byron of Newsted,
and was buried in Manch. Coll. Ch. April 14, 1654, in the choir of which
he commemorated (by a brass plate) his father, and his four uncles, Alexander,
William, Thomas, and Edmund, all slain in battle. MS. Pedigrees at Sedbury,
Burke's Commoners, and Palmer's Survey Manch. Coll. Ch. (p. 288) in Hibbert's
work.

Radcliffe (Molineaux) capt. probably a collateral of the Ordsall family, which
intermarried with Molineux.

Radcliffe (Richard) of Radcliffe's Hall (afterwards called Pool Fold) in

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 351

Manchester, Parliamentary capt. and serjt. major. See siege of Manchester,
p. 25, by Mr. Palmer, who supposes him to be Richard Radcliffe, M.P. for
Manchester.

Radcltffe (William) one of the Lancashire Parliamentary magistrates in 1642.

Radley (William) of Oldfield in Salford, one of the executors of Chetham's
will, and one of the original trustees of Clarke's Charity.

Rigby (Alexander) of Burgh, Esq. died in 1650, or thereabouts, having married
Catherine daughter of Sir Edw. Brabazon of Nether Whitacre in Warwickshire.
Dugd. Vis. Lane. 1664.

Rigby (Alexander) of Layton, Esq. sheriff of Lancashire 1677, in which year he
was the " grateful erector' of the monument in honour of Sir Thomas Tyldesley
in the battle-field at Wigan, to whom he "was cornet." — Inscrip. on monument.

Rigby (Alexander) of Preston, Esq. bred to the law, afterwards a most active
colonel in the service of the Parliament, and subsequently created baron of the
exchequer in 1649, but superseded by Cromwell. He married Lucy, sister
of an active Royalist, Thomas Legh of Adlington, Esq. and was younger brother
of George Rigby of Peel, Esq., from whom Rigby of that place (now represented
by Lord Kenyon) descended. Dugd. Vis. L. 1664, and Noble's Lives of the
Regicides.

Rigby (Alexander) the younger, son of col. Alexander Rigby. MS. pedigree at
Sedbury.

Rigby (Edward) serjeant at law; brother of the preceding. Ibidem.

Rodes (Sir Edw.) of Great Houghton, Yorkshire. Many notices of him and
his family in Hunter's Hey wood, Rush worth iii. pt. 2, 276, and Ped. in Thores-
by's Ducatus Leodiensis.

Roscow (James). There was a family of Roscow of Great Lever near Bolton,
closely connected with the branch of Crompton of Breightmet from which the
Cromptons of Derby descended, as appears by MS. Lancashire wills and pedi-
grees in the Editor's library.

Rosworm (John) lieut. col. See the short introduction to the complaint of this
gallant German, and also his services in the general index.

Rutter (Samuel) M.A., Archdeacon of Man, guardian of the temporalities of
the see from 1645 to 1659; prebendary of Longdon (Lichf. Cath.) 1660, and
bishop of Man same year; died May 30, 1663, buried in St. German's Cathedral
in Man. He was resident in Lathom during both sieges. Many anecdotes of
him will be found in Seacome's Memoirs, which are principally drawn from his
collections, and his characteristic epitaph is given in Bliss's A. Wood, iv. 810,
and Harwood's Lichfield.

Salisbury (Sir Thomas) of Llewenny, Bart. M.P. for Denbigh, Colonel of Lord
Derby's Welch regiment, and a poet. He was created D.C.L. during King
Charles's residence in Oxford ; died 1643. See Collins's Barts. and Wood's
Ath. Oxon. Bliss's edit. iii. 55.

352 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Scoffield ( — ) captain of a Parliamentary company of Rochdale soldiers.

Seacome (John) author of Memoirs of the H. of Stanley. See p. 196.

Shaw, or Asshaw (Peter) of Heath Charnock, near Chorley. Died about
1657. See Dugd. Vis. 1664.

Sherington (Francis) Esq. Francis Sherington, Esq. of Boothe Hall in
Worsley occurs in 1685, as owner of an estate in Tyldesley.

Shorrocks (Ralph) of Preston; aged 52, 1664, Dugdale's Vis. 1664.

Shuttleworth (Richard) M.P. for Clithero, 1640, and a colonel in the Pari,
service, son and heir apparent of Richard Shuttleworth of Gawthorp,
Esq. died before his father 1648. One of his protections (granted to Edw.
Parker of Browsholme, Esq. in 1644) is given in Whitaker's Whalley, p. 238.
See Ped. ibid. p. 339, and Dugd. Vis. 1664.

Shuttleworth (Nicholas and Ughtred) younger brothers of the above, and
colonels in the Parliamentary service.

Shuttleworth (William) captain in the Pari, service, and younger brother of
the three preceding; slain in defence of Lancaster against Lord Derby, 1643.

Simmonds (Robert) Rector of Middleton. Sequestrated and imprisoned. See
Walker's Sufferings of Clergy, 366.

Stanley, see Derby, Earl of.

Stanley (Sir Thomas) of Bickerstaff, Bart, heir male of that branch of
Stanley which descended from a younger son of George Lord Strange (son of
Thomas, first Earl of Derby), and which branch, after having succeeded to the
earldom and the Lancashire estates on the death of James Earl of Derby in
1735-6, is now represented by the present Earl. See Brydges's Collins,
iii. p. 97.

Standish (Ralph) of Standish, Esq. chief of that ancient Lancashire family,
married Bridget, sister of Richard, Lord Molyneux, and had issue Edward,
Alexander Colonel of a Royalist regiment of Horse, and Bridget, wife of Major-
General Sir Thomas Tyldesley. Burke's Commoners, ii. p. 67, and Visitations
of 1566 and 1664,

Standish (Thomas) ofDuxBURY, Esq. representative of a collateral branch of
the ancient family before-mentioned, and one of the Parliamentary magistrates
in 1642. — Standish was also one of the Lancashire colonels in 1648. Pedigrees
of the family will be found in the Lancashire Visitations of 1566 and 1613, The
Modern Entries, Coll. Arm. Wotton's Baronetage, and Burke's Commoners.

Standish (Thomas) Esq. eldest son and heir apparent of Thomas Standish of
Duxbury, Esq. slain at the siege of Manchester in the royal service, and
died S. P.

Starkie (Nicholas) of Huntroyde, Esq. Parliamentary captain, a deputy-
lieutenant, blown up at Hoghton Tower, 1642. Whitaker's Whalley, and Hist.
Chesh. i. 474, Ped. in Vis. Lane. 1664.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 353

Starkie (John) of Huntroyde, Esq. one of the Lancashire committee, and
Sheriff of Lancashire, 1656. See Whitaker's Whalley, and Hist. Chesh. i. 474.

Talbot (Sir John) of Salesbury, representative of a collateral line descending
from Talbot of Bashall, and terminating in Dorothy wife of Edw. Warren of
Poynton, Esq., whose family succeeded to the estate. See account of the place
and family in Whitaker's Whalley, 432, and entries in Vis. of 1566 and 1664.

Talbot (George) son of the preceding.

Tempest (Richard) of Bowling and of Bracewell, Esq., a Col. in the Royal
service. See Whitaker's Craven, p. 81, and Loidis and Elmete, p. 357.

Torbock of Torbock, most probably Edward T. of T., captain of the Isle of
Man, and husband of Dorothy sister of George Cotton of Combermere, Esq.,
which G. C. died 1649 ; see Seacome, and Hist. Chesh. iii. 212. The Torbocks
were male descendants from the Lathoms, and preserved a clannish attachment
to their chiefs and kinsmen the Stanleys.

Town ley of Townley (Charles) Esq., head of that distinguished and most ancient
family, whose descent, as traced from the Saxon Deans of Whalley, passes the
period of the Conquest; slain at Marston Moor, and buried in the field.
Whitaker's Whalley, 344.

Townley (Mary) wife of the preceding, and daughter of Sir Francis Trapps
Birnand of Harrogate, Bart, died 1690, aged 91. ibid.

Tbafford (Sir Cecil) of Trafford, knight, heir male of an ancient and knightly
family (which, like that of Towneley, ascends into the Saxon period), and ancestor
of the present baronet. He was son of Sir Edmund Trafford, by lady Mildred
Cecil, daughter of the Earl of Exeter, and knighted by King James, at Lathom,
in his progress of 1617. His pedigree will be found in all the Lancashire Visi-
tations, and an elaborate one compiled by Vernon, in Harl. MSS. 1987. Palmer,
p. 49, and Baines, ii., 269, give many particulars (on the authority of a note in
Hollinworth's Mancuniensis) as to the conversion of Sir Cecil from Protestantism
to Romanism before the commencement of the war.

Tildesley (John) M.A., vicar of Dean, and one of the Presbyterian committee
of ordination; a celebrated preacher and non-conformist, once imprisoned by
Cromwell in the Tower, thrice ejected, and afterwards residing at Manchester as
a private individual, dying there in 1684. See Calamy, Account, 403, Contin-
uation, p. 563, and Hibbert's Coll. Ch. of Manchester.

Tyldesley (Sir Thomas) knight, Royalist major-general, and representative of a
younger branch of the Tyldesleys of Tyldesley, in which township he inherited
estates, possessing also Morleys Hall in Astley by inheritance from the Lelands,
and Mierscough Lodge near Lancaster, which was his residence. The descent
of the family is entered in all the Lancashire Visitations. The long series of his
services in Lancashire will be found in the Index; and those in other parts, with
a brief notice of his descendants, are appended to the account of his death at
Wigan in p. 306.

z z

354 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Tyldesley (Sir. Thomas) knight, Att. Gen. for the county of Lancaster; and head
of the elder line of this family, as son of Thurstan Tyldesley of Wardley, Esq.,
by Margaret daughter of Sir William Norris of Speke, and father-in-law of
Adam Mort, the brave Royalist who was slain in the storming of Preston.

Venables (Captain) afterwards governor of Chester, was distinguished in the
Irish war, and served, together with Admiral Penn, as General of the Forces
sent by Cromwell against Hispaniola and Jamaica. See Clarendon, Seacome,
Hunter's Oliver Heywood, 179, and History of Cheshire, i. 487, in which county
he was manerial lord of Wincham, and representative of Venables of Antrobus.

Wainman (Colonel) occupier of Ashton Hall during the visit of Charles II, and
probably a member of the noble Irish family of Wenman, or Wainman, as the
name was then written ; as in Clarendon's list of the Uxbridge commissioners.

Walthew (Lieut.) An ancient family of this name was settled at Walthew, near
Wigan, at this time, a co-heiress of which married Markland. See Pedigree in
Nichols's Lit. Anec. iv. 657.

Ward (W.) minister of Walton, one of the Lancashire Committee of Ordination.

Westby (Thomas) M.D. named as " the great Popish doctor," younger son of
Thomas Westby of Mowbreck, Esq. by his wife Perpetua, daughter of Edward
Norris, of Speke, Esq. See Vis. Lane. 1566 ; and Burke's Commoners, i. 598.

Wharton (Philip) Lord, Parliamentary Lord-Lieutenant of Lancashire,
nominated by the Commons, in the list recommended to the King, Feb. 12, 164^,
and absolutely appointed, March 5. See Rushworth, and Dugdale's Baronage.

Whitfield (Richard) one of the Lancashire Committee of Ordination.

Whitley (Col. Roger) of Peel Hall, in Tarvin parish, a companion of Charles II
in his exile, and an emissary of his at the time of Booth's rising in 1651 ; after-
wards M.P. for Chester, on the Whig interest ; and the host of William III in
his route towards Ireland. Hist. Chesh. ii. 180.

Widdrington (William) Lord, descendant of an ancient Northumberland family,
and created Lord Widdrington of Blankney, 1643. His character is finely
drawn by Clarendon, and a brief memoir occurs also in Dugdale's Baronage.
William, fourth lord, was taken prisoner, together with his two brothers, at
Preston, in the rebellion of 1715, and the three were found guilty of high treason,
but received the royal pardon.

Willoughby ( — ) Pari, captain. As the Christian-name is not mentioned, it can
only be conjectured that he was member of a branch of the house of Parham,
which was closely connected with Bolton parish at this time, and also with the
Presbyterian interest. Compare Bankes' Ext. Peer. iii. 743, and Hunter's Hey-
wood, p. 277.

Wood (James) preacher at Ashton in Mackerfield, one of the Lancashire
Committee of Ordination, and noticed among Calamy's ejected ministers.

GENERAL INDEX

PRINCIPAL PERSONS, PLACES, AND EVENTS.

Additional particulars relative to the persons to whose names asterisks are prefixed, will be
found in the Biographical Notices.

Abbot (Mr.) taken prisoner at Preston, 75.

Adderton or Ad wait on Moor, battle of, 143,
146.

Alport Lodge, 43, 52, 121.

♦Ambrose (Isaac) one of the Presbyterian
committee of ordination, 208 ; a director
of relief in Lancashire distress, 207 ;
attests account of renewed distresses, 279.

♦Ambrose (William) a proposed Parlia-
mentary commissioner, 91.

*Anderton (Christopher) of Lostock, signs
the recusants' petition for arms, 39 ;
serves at the first assault of Bolton, 83.

Anderton (Hugh) commissary for Amoun-
derness, 68 ; of Euxton, noticed in con-
nexion with the Bolton massacre, 288.

*Anderton ( — ) of Clayton, taken prisoner
at the storming of Preston, 72, 73, 75.

*Anderton ( — ) of Burchley, serves at the
first assault of Bolton, 83.

* Anderton (James) taken prisoner near

Ormskirk, 204.

* Anderton of Anderton (John) 252.
Andrewes (Thomas) alderman, 41.
*Angier (John) one of the committee of

Presbyterian ordination, 208; alleged
author of the Valley of Achor, 89, 108.

Appleby Castle surrendered to Gen. Ash-
ton, 274 ; royalists taken there, 275.

Array, commission of, 13, 328 ; musters
of, 14, 16, 21, 23, 29, 30, 325 ; discussions
at Preston between commissioners and
deputy lieutenants respecting, 327.

*Arderne (Capt. John) of Harden, attends
at Manchester siege in aid of the town,
45, 52 ; detached to oppose advance of
Cheshire Royalists, 333 ; joins in the
siege of Warrington, 95.

Ashurst (Henry) a proposed Parliamentary
commissioner, 91.

Ashurst (Henry) of Ashurst, opposes king
James's injunction respecting Sunday
sports, 80.

*Ashurst (Henry) of London, a receiver of
contributions during distress in Man-
chester, 213 ; during general distress in
Lancashire, 272.

♦Ashurst (John) of Radcliffe, serves in
defence of Bolton in first assault, 77, 81.

Ashurst (Captain) sent with proposals to
Lady Derby, 168.

♦Ashurst (William) of Ashurst, colonel,
M.P. for Newton, 1 ; sequestrator, 90 ;
one of the Lancashire committee, 210;
a distributor of contributions, 279 ; ne-
gotiates for Charles II in Lancashire,
313 ; flies to Lord Derby in Man, ibid. ;
attends Charles into Lancashire as colo-
nel, 288 ; assists Lord Derby in dis-
persing addresses there, 295 ; interrupted
by Lilburne's approach, 295, 313.

Ashton Hall, near Lancaster, head quarters
of Duke Hamilton and Charles II, 287.

Ashton-under-Lyne, pestilence in, 278.

*Ashton of Penketh (jun.) attends Lord
Strange to Manchester, 51 ; reported
slain there, 47 ; slain at the first assault
of Bolton, 83.

*Ashton (Edmund) removed by Parlia-
ment from the commission of the peace,
60.

*Ashton (James) one of the Lancashire
committee, 210.

*Ashton (Radcliffe) a collector of subsidy,
67.

356

INDEX.

*Ashton (Sir Ralph) of Whalley, bart. a
deputy lieutenant, 2 ; added by Parlia-
ment to the commission of the peace,
60 ; sequestrator, 90 ; one of the Lanca-
shire committee, 210.

*Ashton of Downham (Ralph) M.P. for
Clithero, 1 ; sequestrator, 90 ; one of the
Lancashire committee, 210.

*Ashton (Ralph) of Middleton, M.P. for
Lancashire, 1 ; a deputy lieutenant, 2 ;
secures the magazine at Manchester, 16 ;
signs the letter to Lenthall respecting
early proceedings at Manchester, 18 ;
his tenantry commanded at Manchester
siege by Bradshaw, 51, 333 ; added to
the Lancashire commission of the peace,
60 ; cannon sent by Parliament for de-
fence of Middleton Hall, 62 ; commands
in defence of Bolton at its first siege, 81 ;
relieves Lancaster, 87 ; fails in relieving
Preston, 88 ; a sequestrator for Lanca-
shire, 90 ; defeats Lord Derby at Whal-
ley, 95, 135; defeats Tyldesley at Wigan,
98 ; pursues Lord Derby in his flight to
York, 99, 137 ; reduces Liverpool, 104,
138 ; Hornby and Thurland Castles,
106 ; defeated by Byron near Middle-
wich, 153 ; assists Fairfax in the relief
ofNantwich, 154; sent against Lathom,
162 ; negotiates there, 163-7 ; other
proceedings there, 173-185; commands
the Lancashire regiments in chief (as
col. genl.) against Hamilton, 252 ; gal-
lantry of his own regiment at the battle
of Preston, 261 ; follows Munroe and
Tyldesley northwards, 273 ; takes Ap-
pleby Castle, 275 ; his soldiers mutiny
at Clithero, 277 ; are disbanded by Lam-
bert, ibid. ; mentioned as major-general,
and a director of relief during pestilence,
279.

*Ashton (Richard) a proposed Parliamen-
tary commissioner, 91 ; one of the Lan-
cashire committee, 210.

*Ashton (William) rector of Middleton,
one of the committee of ordination, 208.

* Aston (Sir Thos.) intercepted letter from
Sir Edward Fitton to, 19.

*Atherton (Captain) taken prisoner near
Ormskirk, 204.

*Bagaley orBaggerley (Humphrey, author
of Memorials relative to Lord Derby)
identity of, considered, 316 ; notice of
his collections, 196 ; attendant on Lord
Derby at Chester, &c. and charged with
his last directions, 316.

Baily (Lieut. Gen.) capitulates to Crom-
well at Warrington, 264.

Baines (Edward, Esq.) Lancashire Col-
lections of, 102, 325.

Band (Captain) noticed in a doubtful
account of an early conflict at Manches-
ter, 26.

Banester (Christopher) vice-chancellor of
the duchy, 209 ; one of the committee of
Lancashire, 210.

Banquet given to Lord Strange at Man-
chester, 30-35, 112.

*Bath (Robert) one of the committee of
ordination, 209.

Barrington (Captain) 46.

Barthomley, massacre at, 153, 154.

Baynes (Col.) taken at Wigan, 303 ; Lieut.
Col. Francis, taken there, ibid.

*Bell (William) one of the committee of
ordination, 208.

Benbow (Capt.) reasons for his execution
at Shrewsbury, 313.

Betley, occupied by Rupert, 187.

*Bindloss (Sir Ralph) Lancashire seques-
trator, 90 ; one of the Lancashire com-
mittee, 210.

*Birch (Thos.) of Birch, colonel, a deputy
lieutenant, 2 ; orders the militia to fire
on Lord Strange at Manchester banquet,
31, 33 ; called " Lord Derby's carter,"
from his concealment there, ibid. ; Ser-
jeant- major at the storming of Preston,
74 ; takes possession of Lancaster Cas-
tle, 84 ; and abandons it, 90 ; seques-
trator, ibid. ; one of the committee for
Lancashire, 210; keeps Lord Derby's
children prisoners at Liverpool, 282 ;
dispatches infantry from his garrison at
Liverpool to assist Lilburn, 295, 297 ;
his letter to the Speaker respecting
Wigan fight, 296.

Birkenhead, surrendered to the Parlia-
ment, 207.

*Birkenhead (Lieut. Col. Henry) member
of court-martial on Lord Derby, 312.

Birkenhead (Isaac) an emissary of Lord
Derby, 313.

Birmingham, Tract relative to an alleged
conflict between the townsmen and the
Earl of Derby, 335.

Blackstone Edge, &c. fortified, 146, 228 ;
skirmishes of Manchester troops and the
Earl of Newcastle there, 146.

Blackstone (Sir Philip) 275.

*Blundell ( — ) taken at the storming of
Preston, 75.

INDEX.

357

Blackburn, taken by Parliament, 124 ; re-
pulse of Royalists at, 126.

*Bold (Peter) of Bold, Esq. 252.

Bolton le Moors sends aid to Manchester,
54 ; threatened by Derby, 125 ; first
unsuccessful assault by him, 77, 81, 128 ;
second assault, 134 ; strengthened by
Ashton's regiment, after reduction of
Wigan, 226 ; by Rigby's forces from
Lathom, 191 ; assaulted for the third
time, and stormed by Rupert and Derby,
188-198 ; comparison of accounts of the
slaughter, 189 ; contributions for relief
of, 199 ; capture of fugitives from Wor-
cester near, 309 ; participation of mas-
sacre at, disavowed by Lord Derby, 319,
321 ; his execution at, 320-323.

Booth lane, near Sandbach, battle at, 153.

*Booth (Sir George) of Dunham, bart.
deputy lieutenant of Lancashire, 2 ; at-
tends an early meeting at Manchester,
21 ; enters Warrington in triumph, after
its reduction by Brereton, 101.

*Booth (Sir George) the younger, governor
of Nantwich, 154 ; his correspondence
with Lord Byron, ibid.

♦Booth (John) colonel, attends in aid of
the town at Manchester siege, 45, 52 ;
recommends the surrender, 333; leads
the storming party at Preston, 72, 74 ;
serves at the relief of Nantwich, 154;
defeats part of Rupert's troops near
Ormskirk, 204 ; marches troops from
Lathom to complete the blockade of
Chester, 214.

*Bootle (Capt. William) statements with
respect to his death by Lord Derby's
hand, 183, 189, 194, 313.

Boulton (Wm.) massacred at Bolton, 193.

*Bourne (Wm. B.D.) conduct of, during
the siege and plague at Manchester, 120,
222, 233.

Bowker (John) constable of Manchester,
34.

Boynton (Col.) attends Charles n into
Lancashire, 287 ; slain at Wigan, 298,
299, 303, 305.

Bradford, defeat of Fairfax at, 143, 146.

*Bradshaw of Marple (Col. Henry) mem-
ber of the court-martial on Lord Derby,
312 ; requested to intercede for his par-
don, 214.

*Bradshaw (James) minister of Wigan,
preaches against Lady Derby, 163 ; one
of the committee of ordination, 208 ; one
of the ministers attesting the Lancashire
distress, 279.

*Bradshaw (John) of Bradshaw, Esq. a
deputy lieutenant of Lancashire, 2 ;
attends the King at York with the Lan-
cashire petition, 8 ; added to the com-
mission of the peace, 60 ; a sequestrator,
90 ; one of the committee of Lancashire,
210.

*Bradshaw (President) letter of, to Man-
chester town, in favour of Rosworm,
244 ; application to, in favour of Lord
Derby, 314 ; alleged to have interfered
in the consideration of Lord Derby's
petition by Parliament, ibid.

*Bradshaw (Capt. Robert) attends in aid
of the town at siege of Manchester, 46,
49 ; commands the Ashton tenantry
from Middleton there, 51 ; has charge
of the Deansgate, 333 ; opposes Hol-
land's proposal of surrender, ibid.

Bradshaw (Capt.) taken prisoner by the
garrison troops from Wigan, 63.

*Bradell, or Braddyll (John) added to the
commission of the peace, 60 ; proposed
member of an ecclesiastical commission,
91.

*Brereton (Lord) proposes a pacification
between Manchester and Lord Derby,
61.

*Brereton (Sir W.) of Honford, bart. de-
puty-lieutenant of Lancashire, 2 ; ex-
pected at Chester, to settle the militia,
19 ; allusions to his decoys at Handford,
ibid. ; sends arms to Manchester, 69 ;
defeated at Warrington, 95; takes War-
rington, 101; retires before Byron and
the Irish auxiliaries, 1 52 ; cooperates
with Fairfax and Ashton in relief of
Nantwich, 153-4 ; writes from York,
after Marston fight, 203 ; sends troops
to the siege of Liverpool, 204 ; defeats
Col. Marrow in Cheshire, 205 ; a com-
mander in the victory near Montgomery,
206 ; defeats Lord Derby in attempt to
relieve Liverpool, 207 ; reinforced at
Chester by Meldrum's troops from Li-
verpool, 208 ; and by Booth's from La-
thom, 214 ; reduces Chester, ibid. ; one
of the tellers in favour of hearing
Derby's petition, 320.

*Brethergh (Lieut.) Lathom siege, 169,
170.

Bretherton (John) a collector of subsidy^
67.

Brewyer (Serjeant-major) victory of, 86,
96.

Brideoake (Ralph) 34.''

358

INDEX.

*Brideoake (Bishop) named as a collector
of materials for history of Lathom siege,
156; fails in interceding with Lenthall
for Lord Derby's pardon, but appointed
Lenthall's chaplain, 314.

*Bridgeman (Rev. Henry) addressed by
Lord Derby from the scaffold, 316, 322.

*Bridgeman (John) bishop of Chester, his
manor house at Great Lever, 129, 316.

Bridgman (Orlando) Esq. M.P. for Wigan,
1 ; removed by Parliament from com-
mission of the peace, 60.

*Bridgeman (Sir Orlando) Lord Derby's
last message to, from the scaffold, 316,
322.

Bright (Col.) 260, 261.

Brooks (Peter, Esq.) a distributor of con-
tributions, 279.

Browne (Thomas) 198.

Bryn, seat of Sir William Gerard, visited
by Charles DI, 288.

Buckingham (Duke of) attends Charles II
into Lancashire, 287 ; forces the bridge
at Warrington, 291.

*Bulkeley of Oldham (Capt.) serves in de-
fence of Bolton, 81 ; and of Stockport,
182.

Burton-on-Trent, stormed by Tyldesley,
99.

Bury, musters of array at, 30, 112 ; sup-
plied with Parliament forces, 133.

*Butterworth of Beltield (Edward) attends
in aid of the town at Manchester siege,
45, 52, 333 ; sequestrator for Lancashire,
90 ; one of the committee of Lancashire,
210.

♦Buxton (Michael) 34, 246.

*Byrom of Byrom ( — ) attends Lord
Strange to the siege of Manchester, 51.

Byrom ( — ) serjeant of Rosworm, discovers
conspiracy, 233.

Byrom (Edw.) son of, accidentally killed,
123.

*Byron (Lord) reinforced by Irish sol-
diers, 153 ; defeats Ash ton near Middle-
wich, 153 ; letter from, respecting the
massacre at Barthomley, to Newcastle,
ibid. ; to Mr. Booth, 154 ; defeated near
Ormskirk, 204 ; near Montgomery, 206 ;
capitulates at Chester, 214.

*Byron (Sir Robert) governor of Liver-
pool, 208.

Callander (Lord) 268, 269, 270.
*Cansfield (John) of Cansfield, signs the

recusants' petition, 39.
Carleton (Col. Edw.) 275.
Cartmell, battle of Lyndalein, 150.

Caryl (Joseph) his sermon on the surren-
der of Chester, 214.

Case ( — ) member of the assembly of di-
vines, a receiver of contributions in
Manchester distress, 207.

Case (Thomas) mentioned in early sub-
scriptions for defence of Lancashire, 62.

Castles and other fortifications in Lanca-
shire at successive periods, vi.-viii.

Charles I, his reply to the Lancashire pe-
tition at York, 11; to the recusants'
petition at Chester, 40; command to the
trained bands, 330 ; commission of
array, 328 ; his proceedings at Hull, 22 ;
at Shrewsbury and Chester, 45 ; ex-
pected to march against Manchester,
59, 334 ; stated to be anxious to relieve
Lathom in person, 212 ; and as preparing
Horse for relief of Chester, 213.

Charles II sends commissioners to Lord
Derby, in Man, 283 ; enters Lancashire
in his march to Worcester, 286 ; his pro-
gress through Lancashire, ibid. ; skir-
mishes with Lambert at Warrington,
289-91 ; holds council with Lord Derby
in Cheshire, 292, 295 ; marches by
Northwich, Blore Heath, Drayton, and
Shrewsbury, to Worcester, 292, 293 ;
concealed by assistance of the Earl of
Derby at Boscobel, 309, 311; erroneous
reports respecting his flight northwards,
and escape with Hind the robber, 307,
309, 317.

*Chantrell, Channell, or Chantwell, attends
in aid of the town at Manchester siege,
46.

*Charnock (Capt.), Lathom siege, 184, 212.

*Charnock ( — ) attends Lord Strange to the
siege of Manchester, 51.

Chester garrison, Brereton reinforced,
against it by forces from Manchester,
147 ; prevented from assisting Liverpool.
207 ; Lancashire forces complete the
blockade of, 214 ; surrender of and con-
sequent thanksgiving for, 214.

Chester (Major) slain at Wigan, 303; Col.
Henry, 275.

*Cheethome (Humphrey, Esq.) treasurer
for Lancashire, 1 98.

*Chetham (Thomas of Nuthurst) attends
in aid of the town at Manchester siege,
54 ; a parliamentary commissioner, 91.

*Chisenhale of Chisenhale (Col. Edw.)
named as a possible compiler of History
of Lathom siege, 156 ; his gallant con-
duct there, 170, 173, 177, 178, 179, 184 ;
taken prisoner at Appleby, 275.

INDEX.

359

Cholmeley (Sir Henry) 265.

♦Chorley of Chorley (— ) 21.

Chowbent, Parliamentary successes at, 64,
125, 224.

Clergy, scandalous, proposed commission
for punishment of, 91.

♦Clifton ( Thomas, of Clifton) signs the re-
cusants' petition, 39.

Clifton (Col. Cuthbert) taken prisoner at
Liverpool, 208.

Clithero, mentioned in the line of Lang-
dale's march, 269 ; occupied by the muti-
nous Lancashire militia, 277 ; order for
the demolition of the castle, ibid.

Colne, military proceedings near, 147, 201,
268.

Commissions, or Committees, — of lieu-
tenancy, 2 ; array, 327 ; the peace, 60;
council &c. of Lord Derby, 67 ; seques-
tration, 90 ; for taxing non-contributors,
ibid. ; for assessment for relief of army,
91; for punishment of scandalous cler-
gymen, ibid. ; ecclesiastical sequestra-
tion, ibid. ; for ordination of ministers,
208 ; committee of the county of Lan-
caster, 210; ordinance respecting the
members and duties &c. of, ibid.

Connought ( — ), major of Byron's Irish
auxiliaries, accused of murdering the
minister at Barthomley, 153.

Constable (Major) 270.

Cottington (Col.) prisoner near Ormskirk,
204.

Covenant, " harmonious consent " of the
Lancashire ministers to, 209 ; conse-
quences of refusing it to Eosworm, 227 ;
to Lord Derby, 294 ; engagement of
Lancashire soldiers respecting it, 250;
their profession for it, and refusal to
disband, 277.

Crane (Sir Richard) sent with colours
from Bolton to Lathom, 184, 198.

*Crompton of Bolton parish, family of,
190.

Cromwell (Oliver) letter of to the Lanca-
shire committee respecting the battle of
Preston, 255 ; to the speaker respecting
the same, &c. 258 ; petition of the Earl
of Derby to, 314 ; alleged to have inter-
fered in the consideration of the Earl's
petition to parliament, ibid.

*Croxton (Col. Thomas) of Eavenscoft,
member of court martial on Lord Derby,
312.

*CunlifFe (Nicholas) sequestrator for Lan-
cashire, 90 ; one of the Lancashire com-
mittee, 210.

*Cunliffe (Eobert) sequestrator for Lanca-
shire, 90 ; one of the Lancashire com-
mittee, 210.

Curwen (Eobert) sequestrator for Lanca-
shire, 90.

Dacres (Sir Thomas) 275.

*Dalton, or Dawton (M.) one of the
Eoyalists assembling at Hoghton, 21.

Danby (Sir Thomas) sent as prisoner to
Manchester, 70 ; and thence to London,
146.

*Danson (Thomas) attends the commission
of array at Preston as under sheriff, 327 ;
attempts to seize Manchester magazine,
16.

Danvers (Serjeant Major) 51.

*Danyell (Peter) disturbs the meeting of
lieutenancy, 18.

Dean (Col.) 260, 261.

Denton (Col. George) 275.

Derby (Ferdinando, 5th Earl of) division
of the estates after his decease between
his daughters and brother, Earl Wm. x.

*Derby (WiDiam, 6th Earl of) resigns his
estates to his son and retires to Chester,
x. ; (premature) reports of his decease
during the siege of Manchester, 47, 52.

*Derby (James, 7th Earl of) greatness
and antiquity of his local influence, x ;
Lord Strange and Lord Lieutenant of
Lancashire, Cheshire, and North Wales,
in his father's life, ibid. ; superseded in
his Lancashire lieutenancy by parlia-
ment, 2 ; attends with the sheriff at Pres-
ton as a commissioner of array, 13, 326 ;
stated to have seized the magazines of
Liverpool and Lancaster, 14, 16 ; but to
have been resisted at Liverpool, 332 ;
musters forces at Bury to intimidate
Manchester, 16 ; ordered by parHament
to restore magazines, 21, 23 ; musters
the Cheshire array at Knutsford, 21 ;
holds a council at Hoghton, 23 ; his re-
ported attack on Manchester, 24-26, 28,
331; musters the array at Bury, 30,112 ;
attends a banquet at Manchester, 30, 32 ;
assaulted and fired upon by Sir Thomas
Stanley and Birch, 33, 34 ; retires to Sir
A. Eadclyffe's house at Ordsall, 34 ; im- \
peached of high treason by the Com-
mons, 35 ; his services and offers to the
King before the breaking out of the war,
44, 159, 197 ; marches with apart of the
King's forces against Manchester, and
assaults it, 45-52 ; proposes terms to the
town, 48, 53, 55 ; raises the siege, 56 ;

360

INDEX.

alleged defeat of near Birmingham, 835;
fixes his rendezvous at Warrington, 64 ;
his melancholy respecting the prospects
of the war, 65 ; his troops defeated at
Chowbent, 64 ; and at Lowton Common,
65, 125; appoints a council at Preston
(as lord general of Lancashire) and va-
rious officers for assessing and levying
subsidies, 67 ; assaults Bolton a,nd is re
pelled, 81, 129 ; summons, enters, and
fires Lancaster, but is repelled from the
castle, 85, 87, 131, 160 ; storms Preston,
ibid. ; assaults Bolton again, and is re-
pelled, 133 ; repels Brereton at Warring-
ton, 95 ; is defeated by Ashton atWhal-
ley, 96, 135 ; retires to the Queen at
York, pursued by Ashton, 99, 137, 160,
208 ; sent by the Queen and her council
to Man, 99, 160, 280; notices of his re-
sidence there, 146, 148, 161, 280 ; attends
the parliament at Oxford, 161 ; commu-
nicates with Lady Derby from Chester,
171; leads the forlorn in the storm of
Bolton, 183, 197, 281 (see Bootle); ad-
vised by Rupert to return to Man, 201,
281 ; present in first part of second siege
at Lathom, 206, 281 ; his occupations in
Man, 281 ; treatment of his children by
the parliament, 282 ; negociations of
Ireton and of the King's commissioners
with him, 283 ; his preparations for join-
ing Charles II in Lancashire, 284 ; lands
in Lancashire, 292-5, 297 ; meets the
Presbyterian delegates at Warrington,
294; his interview with Charles II in
Cheshire, 292-5 ; musters forces in Lan-
cashire, and circulates addresses, 295,
305 ; his frigates attacked by vessels
from Liverpool, ibid. ; attempts to march
from Preston to Manchester, 301; Birch's
account of his proceedings and defeat at
Wigan, 297 ; Lilburne's accounts of the
same in various letters, 299-306 ; shel-
tered at Boscobel, in his flight to Wor-
cester, 306, 311 ; obtains concealment
for Charles II there, in his retreat, ibid. ;
surrenders to Captain Edge near Nant-
wich, 311; tried by court martial at
Chester, 312 ; his defence, ibid, ; alleged
confession and sentence, 313; his objec-
tions to the selection of Bolton for ex-
ecution, with reference to the massacre,
ibid. ; petition to Cromwell, 344; attempt
to escape from Chester castle, ibid. ; let-
ter to Lenthall and petition to parlia-
ment, 316, 318 ; journey from Chester
to Bolton, 316 ; different accounts of his

last address, 317 ; his execution and last
words at Bolton, 320-23.

*Derby (Countess of) entertains the king's
commissioners at Lathom, 100 ; her let-
ter (for aid) to the Queen intercepted,
ibid. ; summoned to surrender Lathom,
161 ; her garrison attack the Parliamen-
tarians, 162 ; her negociations with Fair-
fax, &c. 163-7; her message of defiance,
167 ; discontinues quarter, 174; her re-
peated defiance, 177; errors of the jour-
nalists respecting her presence in the
second siege, 213.

Dering (Sir Edward) 281.

Dicconson (Michael) constable of Man-
chester, 34.

Didsbury near Manchester, skirmish, 309.

Digby (Lord) 22, 28, 280.

*Dives (Sir Lewis) attendant on Hamilton
at Preston fight, 268 ; commissioner from
King Charles II to Derby, in Man, 283 ;
joins Sir M. Langdale in a declaration
there, ibid.

*Dodding (Col. George) attends Lord
Strange to Manchester siege, 51 ; a de-
puty lieutenant, 2 ; added to the com-
mission of the peace, 60 ; a sequestrator,
90; one of the committee of Lancashire,
210 : defeats Lord Ogilvie near Preston,
205.

Doughty (Henry) 91.

*Downes ( — ) of Wardley, attends Lord
Strange to Manchester siege, 51.

Duchy seal forcibly taken away by the
Royalists, 209.

Dunkenhalgh occupied by Parliamentary
forces, 96.

*Dukentield of Dukenfield (Col.) attends
in aid of the townsmen at Manchester
siege, 45, 52 ; defends Stockport against
Rupert, 182, 187 ; a member of the court
martial on Lord Derby, 312 ; induces
Lord Derby to expect a respite, 319 ;
mentioned by Lord Derby as being
charged with the expedition against
Man, 315.

Edge (Capt. Oliver) Lord Derby's sur-
render to, 311.

*Egerton (General Peter) of Shaw, attends
at Manchester siege in aid of the towns-
men, 45, 52 ; presses a surrender to Lord
Derby, 333 ; sequestrator, 90 ; added to
the commission of the peace, 60 ; of the
Lancashire committee, 210 ; commands
in the early part of the first siege of
Lathom, 167; and at the second, 212.

INDEX.

361

Egerton (Col. Richard) taken prisoner at

Appleby, 275.
Ennis (Col.) taken prisoner at Wigan, 263.
Euxton Hall visited by King Charles II,

288.

♦Fairfax (Sir Thos.) sends prisoners from
Bradford to Manchester, 70 ; intercepts
a letter from Lady Derby to the Queen,
100 ; defeated at Adderton Moor, 143 ;
at Bradford, 143, 146 ; marches from
Manchester to relief of Nantwich, 154 ;
defeats Byron and relieves the town,
ibid. ; marches against Lathom House,
154, 163 ; commander in chief at the
siege, 185 ; sends a regiment to Man-
chester to protect it from Rupert, 188 ;
interferes in behalf of Lord Derby and
his children, 282 ; commended by Ros-
worm, 229.

Fanshaw (Thomas, Esq.) M.P. for Lancas
ter, 1.

*Farington (William) of Werden, a com-
missioner of array, 327 ; attends the
meeting at Preston Moor, 329 ; his ser-
vant seizes Preston magazine, ibid. ; at-
tends Lord Strange to the banquet at
Manchester, 32; and to the siege, 51;
removed by parliament from the com-
mission of the peace, 60 ; treasurer and
collector of subsidy, and one of Lord
Derby's council, 67 ; taken prisoner at
storming of Preston, 73 ; Lady Derby's
principal adviser at Lathom siege, 184 ;
a sufferer by total sequestration, ibid. ;
engaged in the second siege, 212.

*Farmer (Capt William), Lathom siege,
169, 173, 178, 179, 184.

♦Fell (Thomas) added to the Lancashire
commission of the peace, 60 ; one of the
committee of Lancashire, 210.

♦Fitton (Sir Edward) of Gawsworth, at-
tends the meeting on Preston Moor, 13;
summoned as a delinquent, 14 ; his let-
ter to Sir Thomas Aston, at York, in-
tercepted, 17 ; conspires with him for
appropriation of Lancashire subsidies to
the King's use, 19 ; disturbs the meeting
of lieutenancy, 17 ; joins Mr. Leigh of
Adlington in seizing arms, 51.

Fleetwood (Henry) one of the committee
of Lancashire, 210.

♦Fleetwood (John) a collector of subsidy
and member of Lord Derby's council, 67,

♦Fleetwood (Richard) prisoner at storming
of Preston, 72, 75 ; stated to have slain
Percival at Manchester, 73.

♦Fogg (— ) a minister stated to have been

slain at Bolton, 190.
Fog (Robert) a Parliamentarian agent in

Lancashire, 151.
♦Foxe (John) taken prisoner near Orms-

kirk, 204.
♦Foxe (Captain Richard), Lathom siege,

173, 177, 178, 184.
Fowler (Rev. John) murdered by Byron's

Irish auxiliaries, 153.

Galliard(Lt.-Col.) reported slain at Wigan,
299 ; prisoner there, 303.

♦Gamul (Sir Francis) returned among the
slain at Wigan, 299, 300 ; but inaccu-
rately, 306.

♦Gaskell (John), 35, 247.

♦Gee (Edward) one of the committee of
ordination, 208.

♦Gerard (Sir Gilbert) attends Lord Strange
to Manchester siege, 45, 51 ; serves at
assault of Bolton, 83.

♦Gerard (Col. Radcliffe) taken at Wigan,
303.

♦Gerard (Richard) wounded at storm of
Burton, 99.

♦Gerard (Sir William) signs the recusants'
petition, 39; Charles II entertained at
Bryn, 288.

Gillibrand (Henry) prisoner near Orms-
kirk, 204.

♦Girlington( Sir John, sheriff of Lancashire)
receives the King's answer to the Lan-
cashire petition at York, 6 ; attends with
it and the commission of array at Pres-
ton, 325 ; a commissioner thereof, 327 ;
summoned by parliament as a delin-
quent, 14 ; attends Lord Strange's coun-
cil at Hoghton, 23 ; with Lord Strange
at Manchester banquet, 32 ; and at the
siege, 45, 51; a treasurer, collector of
subsidy, and member of Lord Derby's
council, 67 ; abandons Lancaster castle
to Birch, 84 ; assists Lord Derby in his
assault of it, 85 ; taken by Col. Ashton
in his castle of Thurland, 106 ; reoccu-
pies Thurland, 149 ; surrenders it for
demolition, 151.

♦Girlington (Lady) taken prisoner at Pres-
ton, 75.

Glasier (Serj .-Major) 275.

Goodridge, or Gotherick (Sir John) sent
prisoner to Manchester, 70 ; and thence
to London, 146.

Goring (Col.) prisoner at Manchester, sent
to London, 146.

AAA

362

INDEX.

Goring (Lord) at York with the Queen,
280.

Green (Dr.) mentioned as attending Lord
Derby's execution, 317.

♦Greene (Alexander) 35 ; the Manchester
banquet given to Lord Strange at his
house, 32 ; his barns burnt in the siege,
46, 53.

*Greenhalgh (John) removed by parlia-
ment from the commission of the peace,
60.

Greenhalgh ( — ) attends Lord Derby at
Leigh, in his journey to execution, 316.

Greenhaugh castle, siege and surrender of,
209.

*Gregge (Alice) a victim of Rupert's mas-
sacre, 190.

*Gregge (Robert) vicar of Bolton, 1 90.

Grey (Lord) engaged in pursuit of Hamil-
ton, 265.

Haddock (Roger) assaulted in consequence
of guiding a serjeant-at-arms to Knows-
ley, 23.

*Halsall ( — ) named as author of Siege of
Lathom, 156

♦Hamilton (James) first duke of, marches
towards Lancashire, 248; writes from
Hornby to the ministers at Lancaster,
253; lodges at Ashton Hall near Lan-
caster, 287 ; plunders north Lancashire,
255; defeated by Cromwell near Pres-
ton, 257, 260, 267 ; flies southwards
through Wigan and Warrington to
Uttoxeter, 263, 264, 269 ; thanksgiving
for victories over, 271.

Hamilton (William) second duke of, dies
of wounds received at Worcester, 308.

Hamilton (Colonel) 263.

Hammond (Thomas) 91.

*Harper ( — ) minister of Bolton, reported
slain there, 190; a director of public
relief in Lancashire distress, 207 ; one
of the committee of ordination, 208.

Harrison (Gen.) serves as colonel against
Hamilton, 260, 261 ; as major-general
against Charles II at Warrington, 289,
291 ; pursues the Royalists from Wor-
cester, 308 ; defeats and takes Middleton,
Lesley, &c. ibid.

Harrison (Sir John) M.P. for Lancaster, 1.

♦Harrison (John) one of the committee of
ordination, 209.

Hart (Sir William) 309.

♦Hartley (John) 34 ; disburser of money
in Lancashire distress, 207.

Hastings (Col.) intercepts pistols sent to
Manchester, 69.

Hawett (Nicholas) 35.

♦Haworth (Richard) one of the Lancashire
committee, 210.

Haycocks (Rev. — ) 190.

Hay worth (John) 91.

Heape (Lieut.) Lathom siege, 170.

♦Heywood (Peter) Rosworm's allegations
against, respecting treachery at Man-
chester, 228, 230.

Heywood (Serj. Major) a commander in
Lancaster garrison against Lord Derby,
85.

♦Herle (Charles) member of the assembly
of divines and receiver of contributions
for Lancashire, 207 ; one of the com-
mittee of ordination, 208 ; a distributor
of contributions, 279.

♦Heyrick (Richard) warden of Manches-
ter, draws up the Lancashire petition, 8 ;
one of the disbursers of public contribu-
tions, 207 ; of the committee of ordina-
tion, 208 ; preaches before Parliament
on Manchester distress, 213 ; a distribu-
tor of public contributions, 279.

♦Hide, or Hyde, of Hide, attends in aid of
the town at Manchester, 45, 52.

♦Hide of Denton (Robert) a deputy lieut.
of Lancashire, 2 ; attends at Manchester
siege in aid of the town, 45, 52 ; resists
proposed surrender, 333 ; named as a
commissioner for Ecclesiastical enquiry,
91.

Hilliard (Major) sent prisoner to Man-
chester, 70 ; and thence to London, 146.

Hindle}' Chapel, outrages of the cavaliers
in, 63.

Hinfield Moor, skirmish of, 66, 123.

Hume (Col.) taken near Lancaster, 30.

Hodgson (Capt.) his account of the battle
of Preston, 260, 262 ; of the capture of
Lord Derby, 311.

Hoghton Common, success of Royalists at,
125.

Hoghton Tower, taken by the Parliament,
and accidentally blown up, 80, 128 ;
visit of King James to, &c. ibid. ; des-
cription of, ibid.

♦Hoghton (Sir Gilbert) sets a watch at
Walton, 19; arrests Rigby's messenger,
20 ; restores Rigby's letter after alter-
cation with him, 21 ; musters his tenants
on reported approach of Lord Wharton,
22 ; holds a council with Lord Strange
at Hoghton, 23 ; attends Lord Strange

INDEX.

363

to Manchester banquet, 32 ; and to the i
siege of Manchester, 5 1 ; removed by
Parliament from the commission of the
peace, 60; musters the Royalists by
firing his beacon, 65 ; defeated at Hin-
field Moor, 66 ; fortifies Preston, 66 ; a
member of Lord Derby's council, 68;
escapes from Preston storm to Wigan,
75 ; attends Lord Derby to Ribchester,96.

*Hoghton (Lady) prisoner at Preston
storm, 75.

*Hoghton (Sir Richard) one of the Lanca-
shire committee, 210; an acting mem-
ber of it during Hamilton's irruption,
255.

Hoghton (Thomas) and Captain Hoghton,
prisoners at the storm of Preston, 75.

*Holcroft (Lieut. Col.) attends meetings
of lieutenancy, 21, marches troops into
Manchester during the giving of the
banquet to Lord Strange, 30, 32 ; added
to the Lancashire commission of the
peace, 60 ; a commander in the defence
of Lancaster castle, 85.

*Holland of Heaton (Col. Richard) attends
early meetings of deputy-lieutenants, 21 ;
at Manchester siege in aid of the town,
45, 52 ; presses surrender, 333 ; added
to the commission of the peace, 60;
serves at the storming of Preston, 74 ; a
sequestrator, 90 ; praised by Fairfax for
services at Nantwich, 154; summons
Lathom as governor of Manchester, 161 ;
joins the leaguer there, 181 ; alleged to
have recommended surrender of Man-
chester unnecessarily, 222 ; and to have
caused abandonment of Wigan, 226 ;
his enmity to Rosworm, 227 ; examined
before a committee, 228 ; releases Hey-
wood imprisoned under charge of treach-
ery, 230.

*Hollinworth (Richard) one of the com-
mittee of ordination, 209; one of the
ministers attesting Lancashire distress,
279 ; references to his chronicle entitled
Mancuniensis, xiv. 284.

Hollin Ferry, passage of fugitive Royalists
at, 309.

*Hollywell (Hollinworth ?) Richard, 35.

*Holt (Robert) Esq., proposed by Lord
Strange as a proper person to have cus-
tody of magazines, 17 ; attends Lord
Strange to Manchester banquet, 32 ;
removed by Parliament from the com-
mission of the peace, 60 ; named by
Lord Derby as a collector of subsidy,
67.

*Holt of Ashurst (Ash worth) attends

Lord Strange to Manchester siege, 51.
*Holt of Bury (Capt.) serves in defence

of Bolton, 81.
*Hopwood (Edm.) of Hop wood, Esq. a

deputy lieutenant of Lancashire, 62.
Hotham (Sir John) 22, 332.
Hornby Castle surrendered to Ashton, 106,

139 ; description of, 149.
*Horrocks (Alex.) minister of Dean, 190;

one of the committee of ordination, 208 ;

a distributor of contributions in Lanca-
shire distress, 279.
Horrocks (Elizabeth) abused by Rupert's

soldiers in the storming of Bolton, 190,

194.
Hudleston (Col.) taken prisoner by Rigby,

150.
Hudleston (Lieut. Col.) defeated near

Preston, 205.
*Huddleston (Sir William) surrenders to

Ashton at Appleby Castle, 275.
Hunt (Rowland) one of the Lancashire

committee, 210.
Hurry (Colonel) 263.
Hyde, see Hide.
Hyett (Rev. James) one of the committee

of ordination, 208 ; one of the ministers

attesting distress in Lancashire, 279.
*Hylton (John) taken at the storming of

Preston, 75.

Impeachment of Lord Strange for high
treason, 35.

*Ireland (Gilbert) one of the Lancashire
committee, 210.

Ireton sent by Parliament to Lord Derby,
283.

Irish Papists, apprehended landing of in
Lancashire, 4 ; soldiers landed in Che-
shire and joined to Byron's forces, 152;
alleged atrocities of, 153; women with
skeans or long knives attendant on, 154;
mutiny and surrender Liverpool, 208.

* Jackson ( — ) serjeant-major of Ashton's
regiment, 261.

Jermie (Col.) 287,

Jermane (Jermyn) 28, 100.

Johnson ( — ) of Ellenbrook, one of the
committee of ordination, 208.

Johnson ( — ) of Rochdale, a member of
the same committee, ibid.

*Johnson (Richard) fellow of Manchester
Coll. Church, 34.

Jolly (Ambrose) mayor of Wigan, a dis-
tributor of contributions, 279.

364

INDEX.

*Kay, or Key (Capt.) Royalist officer dis-
tinguished at Lathom siege, 169, 184,
212.

Kenmore (Earl of) taken near Lancaster,
309.

*Kilmorey (Lord) proposes a pacification
between Manchester and Lord Derby, 6 1 .

*Kirkby (Roger) M.P. for Lancashire, 1,
21 ; removed from the Lancashire com-
mission of the peace, 60 ; collector of
subsidy and one of Lord Derby's coun-
cil, 67 ; abandons Lancaster Castle to
Birch, 84- ; a leader in the rising of
Royalists in Cartmel, 149.

*Knip, or Knype (William) one of the
committee of Lancashire, 210.

Knowsley assigned by Parliament for tem-
porary use of Lord Derby's family, 282.

Knutsford, Lord Derby's muster at, 21 ;
occupied by Prince Rupert, 187 ; by
major-general Lambert, 291.

Lambert (General) engaged under Crom-
well at Preston, 260 ; sent to disband
the Lancashire militia then mutinous,
277 ; skirmishes with Charles II at
Warrington, 289 ; takes a position on
Knutsford Heath, 291; atUttoxeter, 292.

Lancaster, Castle taken by Birch, 84 ;
town taken and fired but abandoned by
Lord Derby, 85, 87, 89, 131 ; ordnance
from a Spanish ship removed to, 84, 87,
130; abandoned by Birch, 90; but re-
sumed, 132; cannon removed from by
Manchester troops, 100 ; again besieged
by Royalists, 139 ; siege raised by Ash-
ton, ibid. ; threatened by the Westmor-
land Royalists, 149; affords shelter to
the presbyterian ministers in Hamil-
ton's irruption, 253; besieged by Tyl-
desley, 273 ; relieved by Ashton's ad-
vance, ibid.

Lancashire, view of successive military
proceedings in, v. ; arrangement of
ancient fortresses in, vi. ; of castles and
fortified towns at the commencement of
the civil war, viii.; strong opposition
of religious parties in at that time, xii. ;
members of Parliament for the Boroughs
of, in 1640, 1; petitions from to the
king, 6, 8, 38 ; to the commons, 2 ; early
meeting of armed papists in, 324; com-
mission of array for, 327 ; stipends of
officers and privates in, 18; orders to
the sheriff of, 7 ; orders for raising mo-
ney for defence of, 40, 62 ; order of
£3000 for Pari, forces within, in 1644,

198 ; distress in after Rupert's irruption,
and collection for, 207.

Lancashire Militia, engagement of, res-
pecting covenant, 250 ; arrangement of,
before. Hamilton's irruption, 251 ; re-
fuse to disband, 277 ; are disbanded by
Lambert, ibid.; general distress, pesti-
lence, and desolation in after Hamilton's
irruption, 277.

*Langdale (Sir Marmaduke) his account
of the battle of Preston, and his subse-
quent flight and imprisonment, 267,270;
visits Lord Derby in the Isle of Man,
283 ; publishes a declaration there, ibid.

Lascelles (Col.) 265.

Lathom of Lathom family, great and early
interest of in Lancashire, ix. 157 ; sub-
sequently vested in the House of Stan-
ley, ibid. ; rebus on the name in the
carvings of Manch. Coll. Church, 157.

Lathom House, introduction to history of
siege, 155 ; collectors for history of, ib.
probable time of composition, 157 ; des-
criptions of the mansion, 157-8 ; sum-
moned by the governor of Manchester,
161 ; Actual Siege commenced, 162 ;
sallies of the garrison, 169 ; prayers
ordered for reduction of, 1 73 ; bombard-
ed, 172, 177; again summoned, 181;
siege broken up on Rupert's approach,
183 ; colours taken by Rupert sent to,
184 ; view of the garrison and the enemy,
184; fortifications strengthened by Ru-
pert, 201 ; Commencement of Second
Siege, 203 ; progress of it, 206 ; Lord
Derby personally defending it, 206 ;
surrender of the Lodge, 209 ; of the
House, 211 ; the King's intention of at-
tempting its relief in person, 212; part
of the materials used for the Earl's scaf-
fold, 321.

*Lathom (Paul) one of the Lancashire
committee of ordination, 208.

*Lathom ("the great Papist") horses of
seized at Whalley, 96.

Lauderdale (Earl of) taken near Nant-
wich, 311.

Leaver (John) receiver of contributions,
278.

Legh (Capt. Henry) 41.

Legge (Col. Richard) taken at Wigan, 303.

*Leigh (Edw.) of Adlington, alleged to
plunder the protestants on the Cheshire
border, 51 ; his soldiers refuse to march
against Manchester, 46, 333 ; leaves Ad-
lington, his tenants joining the militia,
75.

INDEX.

365

Leigh (Serjt. Major) serves in defence of
Bolton, 81.

Leigh, Parliament's successes at, 64, 125,
224.

Lever, Great, seat of bishop Bridgeman,
129.

Lesley (Gen. David) flight of from Wor-
cester, 308; defeat and capture of by
Major General Harrison, ibid.

Lichfield, surrender of, 214.

Lieutenants, Deputy, Parliamentary ap-
pointment of, 2.

*Lighbowne (James) 35, 247.

Lilborne (Col.) enters Lancashire in pur-
suit of Lord Derby, 295 ; accounts of
his defeat of Lord Derby at Wigan, in
letters to Col. Birch, Lenthall, and
Cromwell, 297-306.

Liverpool, early fortress at, vii. ; the town
surrendered to Col. Ashton, 104, 138 ;
garrison of intercept cannon going to
Chester, 154; fortitied with assistance
from Rosworm, 229 ; besieged by Ru-
pert, 199 ; defence of by Col. Moore the
governor, ibid. 201 ; stormed by Rupert,
ibid.; again besieged by the Parliament,
204 ; progress of siege directed by Mel-
drum and Moore, 206 ; Lord Derby's
attempted relief prevented, 207 ; sur-
render of to Meldrum, ibid. ; vessels dis-
patched from to attack Lord Derby's
frigates, 295.

*Lomar (Lomax) Richard, 34 ; John, 35.

Lowther (Col. Gerrard) taken at Appleby,

275.
Lucas (Sir Charles) commands Rupert's
troops in the skirmishes on the edge of
Lancashire, 201.
Lune, River, early defences of, vi. vii.

♦Mackworth (Col.) president of court-
martial on Lord Derby, 312.

Mader (John) 35.

Magazines, seizures, &c. of, 13, 14, 15, iii.
329.

Magistrates, Parliament's appointment of,
60 ; removal of, ibid.

*Mainwaring (Col.) engaged in defence
of Stockport, 182, 187.

Man, Isle of, first retirement of Lord
Derby to, 99, 161 ; second retirement
to, recommended by Rupert, 201 ; notices
of the Earl of Derby's occupation of,
280-285; commissions of General Ireton,
Sir Marm. Langdale, and Sir Lewis
Dives respecting, 283; reception and
entertainment of Royalists in, 284;

Derby's final offers for surrender of, 314,
315, 319; summoned by Captain Young
after his capture, 312 ; obtained by de-
sertion of the Countess' soldiers, 281.

Manchester (Earl of) sends cavalry to
stop Rupert's progress to Lancashire,
183.

Manchester, early selection of as a site for
a fortress, vii. 42 ; local military import-
ance of during the Civil war, xiii. ; ac-
count of the first alarm and precautions
there, 14 ; magazine secured by deputy-
lieutenants, 15, 111 ; put into a posture
of defence on Lord Strange's appearing
with forces at Bury, 16 ; negotiates with
Lord Strange, 17 ; training of the Par-
liamentary militia at, 20 ; reported at-
tempt of Lord Strange upon, 24-28 ;
banquet to Lord Strange and consequent
affray at, 30-35,112; local declaration
respecting disturbers of the peace at, 34,
siege of by Lord Strange, 42-58, 114-
122, 332; ancient defences of, 42 ; Lord
Strange's points of attack, 42, 52 ; reply
to Lord Strange's proposals, 49, 54 ;
want of ammunition at, 117, 222; addi-
tional particulars, 333 ; the siege raised,
56 ; new levies under Seaton promised
in aid by Parliament, 57 ; proposed pa-
cification between the town and Lord
Derby, 61 ; cannon sent down to, 62;
soldiers intended for, embodied in
Essex's regiments, and Seaton's march
delayed, 70; soldiers of garrison assist
in defence of Bolton, 83; and in other
operations at Preston, Lancaster, Wigan,
Warrington, Liverpool, Hornby, Thur-
land, &c, see Valley o/Achor, 131-140,
and Rosworm, 224-229 ; summoned by
Newcastle, 143; the town's reply, 144;
skirmishes of the garrison on the York-
shire border, 145-8 ; troops of defeated
near Middle wich, 153; engaged under
Fairfax in relief of Nantwich, 154 ; re-
inforced by Meldrum with a Scotch
regiment, and one of Fairfax's, on Ru-
pert's approach, 188 ; waived by Rupert,
197, 231 ; Meldrum's forces strength-
ened, 202 ; collection ordered for the
distressed poor of, 213; Heyrick's ac-
count of the distress of, ibid.; seat of the
committee of Lancashire during Hamil-
ton's irruption, 256 ; Cromwell's direc-
tions to, 258 ; soldiers of Cols. Birch and
Lilborne there during King Charles's
march to Worcester, 295, 297, 305 ;
Cromwell's regiment of infantry also

366

INDEX.

there, 301 ; Derby's movement towards
prevented by Lilborne, ibid.; change in
political opinions at after Cromwell's
usurpation, xiii.; dismantled & the gates
removed, ibid.; inhabitants favourable to
Sir Geo. Booth's rising, ibid.; and to
the restoration, xiv.

Manwaring (Roger) bishop of St. David's,
taking of, 331.

*Markland ( — ) Parliamentary captain at
Lathom siege, 163.

*Markland (Thomas) receiver of payments
for Parliamentary forces in Lancashire,
198; for distress in Manchester, 213;
for general distress in Lancashire, 278.

♦Markland (Ralph) bailiff of Wigan, 279.

*Marler (James) 35 ; or Mader, 35, 247.

Marrow (Col.) defeat and death of, 205.

Marston Moor, battle of, 202; flight of
Rupert's forces from, 202-6.

Marsh (Dr.) taken near Manchester, 60.

Maudisley (— ) 75.

*Massey (Major-General) attends Charles
II into Lancashire, 291; mediates be-
tween Lord Derby and the Presbyte-
rians there, 295 ; assists him with his
regiment of horse there, 295, 297 ; fol-
lows the King to Worcester, ibid. ; inac-
curate report of his death, 308.

Meldrum (Sir John) reinforces Manches-
ter against Rupert, 188, 202; defeats
Rupert's soldiers near Wigan, 205; a
commander in the victory near Montgo-
mery, 206 ; directs the siege of Liverpool
by land, 206.

Mercer (Rob.) a collector of subsidy, 67.

Mersey (river) early defences of, vi. vii.

*Middleton (Sir George) bart. attends at
Preston, as a commissioner of array, 13,
327 ; summoned as a delinquent, 14,
331 ; mentioned as a principal Royalist,
24.

Middleton (Major-General) defeated and
taken at Middleton near Lancaster, 308.

Middleton (Gen.) serves with Hamilton,
268.

Middleton (CoL Wm.) 275.

Middlewich, battle at, 153.

Mierscough Lodge, Charles H entertained
there, 287.

Militia, training of under the Parliamen-
tary ordinance at Manchester, 20.

*Mitton of Halston (Major-General) mem-
ber of court-martial on Lord Derby, 312.

*Molineux (Richard, Lord) attends the
commission of array on Preston Moor,
13 ; at Manchester banquet, 32 ; at the

siege of Manchester, 45, 51 ; at the fight
at Whalley, 96 ; follows Lord Derby to
York, 99, 160 ; defeated near Ormskirk,
204 ; mentioned as a son-in-law of James
Earl of Derby, 47, 326 ; his connexion
with the Stuarts by marriage, 47.
*Molineux (Caryl, Lord) Sir Edward
Moore's note of his participating in the
slaughter at Liverpool, 201.
*Moore (Col. John) M.P. for Liverpool,
1 ; a deputy lieutenant, 2 ; sequestrator,
90 , one of the Lancashire committee,
210 ; joins in reporting to Lenthall the
proceedings at Manchester, 18 ; sent
against Lathom, 162 ; his proceedings
there, 173, 185; defends Liverpool
against Rupert, 199 ; directs the siege
of it by sea, 206.
*Morte (Adam) mayor of Preston, a trea-
surer and collector of subsidy, and mem-
ber of Lord Derby's council, 67 ; slain
with his son in the storm of Preston, 72,
74.
Morgan (Col.) engineer of the Parliamen-
tary forces at Lathom, 166.
*Moseley (Sir Edward) intercepts ammu-
nition intended for Manchester, 59.
*Moseley (Capt. Edw.) sent by Col. Hol-
land with a summons to Lady Derby,
181.
*Moseley (Francis, Nicholas, and Nicho-
las) subscribers to the protestation
against the attack on Lord Derby, 34, 35.
*Moseley (Nicholas) attempts to secure
Manchester magazine for the Crown,
1 6 ; boroughreeve of Manchester, 34.
*Mounson (Sir John) sent with Lord
Derby's proposals of surrender to Man-
chester, 53.
Mountague ( — ) attends Lord Strange to

the siege of Manchester, 51.
Munro (Sir Geo.)follows Hamilton towards
Lancashire, 259 ; flies northwards after
his defeat, 265.
Munday (Major) Lathom siege, 184, 212.
*Musgrave (Sir Philip) negotiates surren-
der of Thurland, 151 ; commander-in-
chief at Appleby, 275 ; surrenders to
Gen. Ashton, ibid. ; resident with Derby
in Man, 285, 287.
Mynne (Col.) defeated and taken, 205.

Nantwich relieved by Fairfax, 154.
Newburgh (Edward, Lord) chancellor of

the duchy of Lancaster, 60.
*Newcastle (Earl of) reported as appointed

Lord General of Lancashire instead of

INDEX.

367

Lord Derby, 70 ; defeats the Fairfaxes
in Yorkshire, 143 ; summons Manches-
ter, ibid. ; his troops defeated in succes-
sive skirmishes by Manchester garrison,
145, 148; abandons his object, and be-
sieges Hull, 228.

♦Newton (Lieut. Col. Alexander) member
of court-martial on Lord Derby, 312.

♦Norris (Alex.) treasurer of the committee
of Lancashire, 210.

*Norris (Capt.) defeated by Maj. Brewyer,
86.

♦Norris (Col.) surrenders Warrington, 160.

Nowell of Mearly (Capt.) serves at storm
of Preston, 74.

♦Nowell of Read ( — ) attends Lord Strange
to the siege of Manchester, 51.

*Nowell (Hen.) second Lathom siege, 212.

♦Nowell (John) sequestrator for Lanca-
shire, 90.

*Ogle ( — ) attends Lord Derby to the

siege of Manchester, 51.
*Ogle (Henry) a collector of subsidy, 67.
*Ogle (Capt. Henry) Lathom siege, 169,

178, 183, 184.
Ogleby (Ogilvie, Lord) defeated near Pres-

ton, 305.
Ordsall Hall (see Sir A. Radcliffe) meeting

of townsmen at, to protest against the

proceedings at Manchester banquet, 34.
Ormskirk, Royalist muster at prevented,

137 ; defeat of Rupert's troops near, 204,

205, 206; head-quarters of Lord Derby's

troops in 1651, 295.
Owen (Col.) 270.
Owen (Lawrence) 35.

Palmer (Sir Roger) M.P. for Newton, 1 .

Papists, Lancashire presentation of 15,000
at quarter sessions, 101 ; early muster
of near Lancaster, 324.

Parcival (Richard) slain at Manchester,
33 ; mentioned in the impeachment of
Lord Strange, 37 ; stated to have been
slain by Richard Fleetwood, 73.

Parhelia, appearance of, at Bolton and
Manchester, 284.

Parliament (Long) Lancashire members
of, 1 ; amends list of deputy lieutenants,
2 ; replies to the Lancashire address, 5 ;
orders sheriff to repress unauthorized
levies, 7 ; impeaches Lord Strange, 35 ;
raises money for defence of Lancashire
in 1642, 40; returns thanks to Manches-
ter, 57 ; orders a thanksgiving for the
repulse of Lord Derby, 59 ; a subscrip-

tion in aid of Lancashire, 62 ; a payment
of £3000 for Lancashire land forces,
198; a collection in aid of Lancashire,
after Rupert's visit,213 ; a solemn thanks-
giving for the defeat of Hamilton, 271;
division in, respecting Derby's last peti-
tion, 32 1. For Parliamentary ordinances
relating to appointments of county offi-
cers, see Commissions.
♦Penketh (Lieut.) Lathom siege, 173, 177.
Petitions. Lancashire county to the King,
6, 8 ; to the Commons, 2 ; recusants to
the King, 8 ; Lord Derby's to Crom-
well, 314 ; to Parliament, 318.
Plague at Manchester, 213, 233 ; in Lan-
cashire, after Hamilton's irruption, 272,
277.
Potter (Robert) 35.

Presbyterians of Lancashire, negotiations
of Lord Derby with, 284, 313 ; delegates
from, communicate with him at War-
rington, 294 ; Lilborne's account of their
hostility to Cromwell's party, 301, 304.
Prescot, 98, 137.
^Preston (Capt.) taken at the storm of

Preston, 73.
Preston (Col.) defeated near Ormskirk,

206.
Preston Moor, opening of commission of
array upon, 13-14, 325 ; musters at, 23.
Preston, fortified by Sir Gilbert Hoghton,
66 ; assault and storm of, by Seaton and
Manchester forces, 71-76, 127, 224;
stormed by Lord Derby, 85 ; besieged
by Seaton, 96 ; retaken by the Parlia-
ment, 100; account of Hamilton's defeat
at, in letters of Cromwell, 257, 260; of
Langdale, 267; the army of Charles H
marches through it, 288; occupied by
Lord Derby's soldiers, 301 ; by General
Harrison, 308.
Prestwich (Edmund) 35.
*Prestwich (Sir Thomas) attempts to se-
cure Manchester magazine, 15 ; at-
tends Lord Strange to Manchester ban-
quet, 32 ; and to the siege of Manches-
ter, 51; taken prisoner near Ormskirk,
204.
Pride (Col.) 260, 261.
Purvey (Serjeant-major) prisoner at Pres-
ton storm, 75.

Queen Henrietta Maria sends forces to
Skipton, 88, 99 ; sends Lord Derby to
Man, 99, 161; leaves York for Oxford,
ibid. ; applications to her for assistance
from Lady Derby, 100.

368

INDEX.

♦Radclyffe (Sir Alexander) of Ordshall,
K.B. attends at Preston as a commis-
sioner of array, 13, 327 ; attempts to
secure Manchester magazine, 15 ; attends
Lord Strange to the banquet at Man-
chester, 32 ; receives him at Ordsall
after the affray, 34 ; meeting there, to
denounce the disturbers of peace, 31, 34 ;
attends Lord Strange at the siege of
Manchester, 51 ; removed by Parliament
from the commission of the peace, 60;
committed to the Tower, 62.

♦Radcliffe (Capt. Molineux) Lathom siege,
173, 177, 179, 184, 212.

Radcliffe (Joseph) proposed commissioner
for ecclesiastical inquiries, 9 1 .

Radcliffe (Capt. — ) attends in aid of the
town at Manchester siege, 46, 51 ; has
charge of Market-street-lane, 333.

♦Radcliffe (— ) of Manchester, serves in
defence of Bolton, 83.

♦Radcliffe (William) added to the Lanca-
shire commission of the peace, 60.

*Radley (William) 34; John, 35.

*Rawstorne (Capt. Edw.) attends Lord
Strange to the siege of Manchester, 51;
Lathom siege, 169, 177, 178, 183, 184;
appointed colonel and governor of La-
thom by Rupert, 201, 212 ; compelled to
surrender, after second siege, by mutiny
of garrison, 212.

Read (Col.) 260, 261.

Recusants' (Popish) petition to Charles I,
for restoration of arms, 38.

Ribble (river) early defences of, vi. vii.
See Walton Bridge.

Ribchester, 70, 96, 135.

*Rigby (Alex.) of Preston, Esq. M.P. for
Wigan, 1 ; deputy lieutenant for Lanca-
shire, 2 ; sequestrator for Lancashire.
90 ; proposed commissioner, 9 1 ; one of
the Lancashire committee, 210; attends
the meeting on Preston Moor to stay the
Royalists' proceedings, 13, 325 ,• commu-
nicates them to the deputy lieutenants,
13, 15 ; signs the letter to Lenthall res-
pecting early proceedings at Manches-
ter, 18; insists on Sir G. Hogh ton's
restoration of an intercepted letter, 21 ;
attends the lieutenancy meeting at Man-
chester, ibid. ; letter of, to the Speaker,
respecting the commission of array and
seizure of magazines, 325 ; defeats Mus-
grave and Hudleston, 150; reduces
Thurland Castle, 151; marches against
Lathom, 162; negotiates there, 163-7;
his proceedings there, 173-175, 180, 181,

185 ; raises the siege of it, 182 ; retires
to Bolton, 183; defends it against Ru-
pert, 183, 191, 197; escapes from it,
197 ; commands a Lancashire cavalry re-
giment against Hamilton, 252.

*Rigby (Alex.) the younger, one of the
Lancashire committee, 210.

*Rigby (Alexander) Sir T. Tyldesley's
cornet, his monument in memory of Tyl-
desley, 306.

*Rigby (Alexander) of Burgh, removed
by parliament from the commission of
the peace, 60 ; collector of subsidy, 67 ;
raises the Royalists in Cartmell, 149.

Rigby (Lt.-Col. Creson) taken at Wigan,
303.

*Rigby (Edward) one of the Lancashire
committee, 210.

Rigby (Nicholas) of Harrock, 9 1 ; one of
the Lancashire committee, 210.

Rivers (Lord) 20 ; his preparations on be-
half of King Charles, 231.

Robinson (Col. John) taken at Wigan, 303.

Rochdale, garrison at, 146.

*Rodes (Sir Edward) engaged under Crom-
well against Hamilton, 265.

Rogerson (Roger) 35.

Roscarrick (Lt.-Col.) governor of Appleby,
275.

*Roscow (James) ^shorthand writer, em-
ployed at the earl's execution, 316, 317.

*Rosworm (Lt.-Col. John) engaged by
Manchester as engineer, 51, 113 ; forti-
fies Manchester, 46, 50 ; his work en-
titled Good Service III Rewarded, 215;
mentions previous services in Ireland,
219; has offers from both parties in
Lancashire, 220 ; his defence of Man-
chester, 221-5 ; his view of the impor-
tance of this defence, 223 ; serves at
Chowbent and Leigh, 224 ; lieutenant-
colonel, ibid. ; serves at Preston and
Wigan, 85, 226 ; persecuted by Col. Hol-
land, 227 ; declines to take the covenant,
ibid.; directs fortification of Liverpool,
228 ; attends inquiry into conduct of
Holland, ibid. ; fortifies Blackstone Edge,
146, 228; attends at siege of Liverpool,
228 ; at relief of Nantwich, 229 ; rejects
bribes of Rupert and Byron, 230 ; defeats
Hey wood's scheme for betraying of Man-
chester, ibid. ; directs proceedings during
the plague there, 233 ; defeats another
conspiracy, 234 ; his complaints respect-
ing the non-payment of his salary, 234-
244 ; returns to direction of Manchester
during Hamilton's irruption, 237 ; orders

INDEX.

369

of parliament and council respecting
him, 244 ; his petition to parliament, 245 ;
notices of him in the municipal accounts
of Manchester, 246.

Roundhead, weapon so called, 130.

Rowse (John) alderman, 41.

Rupert (Prince) advances through Shrop-
shire and Cheshire towards Lancashire,
187 ; forces the pass of Stockport, 182,
188 ; Manchester garrison reinforced
against him, 188 ; his storming and
massacre at Bolton, 183, 188-198 ; at
Liverpool, 198-201; strengthens the
works at Lathom, 201 ; skirmishes with
Shuttle worth at Colne and Blackburn,
ibid. ; Parliamentary dispositions to pro-
tect Manchester against him, 202 ; re-
treats through Lancashire to Chester
from Marston Moor, 203, 204 ; succes-
sive defeats of his broken cavalry, &c.
in passing Lancashire, 203.

*Rutter (Bishop) collector of memoirs of
Lord Derby and Lathom siege, 155, 158,
166, 196 ; present in second Lathom
siege, 212.

Salford, favourable to Lord Derby during
the siege of Manchester, 52 ; batteries
of Lord Derby near the bridge of, 42,
52 ; contributions at for relief of Bolton,
199.

♦Salisbury (Sir Thomas) colonel of the
Welsh regiment raised by Lord Derby,
159.

Sandbach, conflict between Colonel Ashton
and Lord Byron, near, 153 ; occupied by
Lord Byron, ibid. ; plundered by Rupert's
troops, 187 ; rapid flight of Lesley's
horse to, from Worcester fight, 309.

Sanders (Serjt.-Major) 51.

♦Scoffield (Capt.) serves in defence of Bol-
ton, 81.

Scoles (— ) 81.
4 Scroop (Col.) 265.

( *Seacome (John) of Liverpool, memoir of,
196 ; his collections respecting the house
of Stanley noticed, 155, 196, 315.

Seaton (Sir John) proposed to be sent to
Lancashire by parliament, 41 ; again
proposed to take down new levies of dra-
goons, as the King is marching against
the Earl of Essex, 57; stated to be
marching to Manchester, 60 ; commands
Manchester forces at Preston assault,
73, 74 ; takes Wigan, 94 ; takes Black-
burn, 96; besieges Preston, ibid.

Seddon (Catharine, widow of Arthur Sed-
don) massacred at Bolton, 190, 194.

Sequestrators for Lancashire, 90.

♦Shaw (Peter) of Shaw, 87.

*Sherington (Francis) a collector of sub-
sidy, 67.

♦Shorrock (Ralph) prisoner at Preston
storm, 75.

♦Shuttleworth (Col. Nich.) signs the Lan •
cashire engagement, 250 ; commands a re-
giment of cavalry against Hamilton, 252;
defeats Lord Ogilvie near Preston, 205.

*Shuttleworth (Col. Oughtred) signs the
Lancashire engagement, 250 ; commands
an infantry reg. against Hamilton, 252.

♦Shuttleworth (Col. Richard) M.P. for
Clithero, 1 ; joins with Rigby in oppo-
sition to the commission of array at
Preston Moor, 326 ; attends a meeting
of lieutenancy at Manchester, 21 ; added
by parliament to the commission of the
peace, 60 ; defeats Sir Gilbert Hoghton,
66; a sequestrator, 90 ; assists Ashton
at Whalley, 96 ; sends aid to the defence
of Bolton, 183 ; skirmishes with Rupert's
troops in their advance towards York,
201 ; one of the Lancash. committee, 210.

*Shuttleworth (Capt. William) slain at
Lancaster, 85 ; note, ibid., 141.

*Simmonds (Robert) 34.

Skipton, 88, 99, 100.

Smith (Captain) 26.

Smith (William) commissary for Derby
and Leyland, 68.

Sparrow (Serjt. -Major) 74 ; serves in de-
fence of Lancaster, 85, 87.

Sports, Book of, 80.

Stackhouse (Capt William) 41.

Standish of Standish (— ) attends Lord
Derby to Manchester siege, 51.

♦Standish (Capt.) taken in Lord Derby's
storm of Preston, 85.

♦Standish (Thomas, of Duxbury, Esq.)
M.P. for Preston, 1 ; a deputy lieutenant
of Lancashire, 2 ; added to the Lanca-
shire commission of the peace, 60.

♦Standish of Duxbury (Thomas, jun.) at-
tends Lord Strange to the siege of Man-
chester, 46, 51; slain there, 46, 55.

Standish (Col.) commands one of the Lan-
cashire regiments against Hamilton, 252.

Standish (John) bailiff of Wigan, 279.

Stanley of Lathom and Knowsley, ancient
connexion of with Lancashire, as derived
through the house of Lathom, ix. ; Lan-
cashire estates of, increased by various
grants for successive services, x. ; division
of possessions, on the death of Earl Fer-
dinand, ibid.

370

INDEX.

♦Stanley (Sir Thomas) of Bickerstath, a
deputy lieutenant of Lancashire, 2 ; as-
sists in securing Manchester magazine,
16; attends an early meeting of lieu-
tenancy, 2 1 ; commands the militia with
Holcroft and Birch at Manchester ban-
quet, 30 ; alleged to have fired at Lord
Strange, 33 ; added by parliament to the
Lancashire commission of the peace, 60 ;
sequestrator for Lancashire, 90.
Stanley (Lady Henriette Marie) 184, 282,

285.
Stanley (Lady Catherine or Caroline) 184,

282, 316.
Stanley (Lady Amelia) 282, 316.
Stanley (Hon. Edward and William) 282,

316.
Stanley (Edward) prisoner near Ormskirk,

204.
Starkey (John) sequestrator for Lancashire,
90; one of the Lancashire committee,
210.
*Starkie (John) defeats Sir Gilbert Hogh-
ton at Hinfield Moor, 66; blown up at
Hoghton tower, 80.
*Starkie (Nicholas, of Huntroyd, Esq.)
deputy lieutenant of Lancashire, 2 ; at-
tends an early meeting at Manchester,
21.
Stockport, the second key of Lancashire,
182; stormed by Rupert, 182; occupied
by Lilburne's troops, 303.
Stone (Thomas) receiver of sums granted
for maintaining forces in Lancashire
198; for distress in Manchester, 213.
Stonihurst, occupied by Cromwell, 257,

260.
Strange (Charles, Lord) attends his father
to Preston Moor, 326 ; comes over with
the earl's other children from Man, and
settles temporarily at Knowsley, 282;
attends his father in prison, 315; inter-
cedes for him in London, ibid. ; attends
him from Chester to Bolton, 316, 321 ;
and removes his body thence to Wigan,
321.
Strange (James, Lord) see Derby.
Strickland (Sir Thomas) surrenders to

Ashton, 275.
Syddal (James) massacred at Bolton, 194.

*Talbot (Sir John) a collector of subsidy,
67; attempts to entrap the officers of
Manchester garrison, 70; his house
plundered, 71 ; his son prisoner at Pres-
ton, 72.

Talbot (George) prisoner at Preston
storm, 75.

*Tarbock of Tarbock ( — ) attends Lord
Strange to the siege of Manchester, 51.

*Tempest of Bowling ( — ) 59.

Thornhaugh (Col.) 261; commendation of
by Cromwell, and death of, 263.

Throgmorton (Sir William) slain at Wigan,
299, 303, 305.

Thurland castle taken by Ashton, 106,
141; reoccupied by Girhngton, 141,149;
retaken by Rigby and burned, 151; de-
scription of, ibid.

Tillesley ( — ) a minister alleged to have
been slain in the storming of Bolton,
190.

*Tildesley (John) vicar of Dean, author
of the account of the storm of Preston
and present there, 7 1 ; one of the com-
mittee of ordination, 209 ; attests the dis-
tress in Lancashire, 279.

Tildesley (Sir Thomas) see Tyldesley.

Tilsley, a Puritanical fanatic, misconduct
of, 63.

Townley (Charles, of Townley, Esq.) signs
the recusants' petition, 39 ; attends Lord
Strange to Manchester siege, 51 ; escapes
leaving his wife a prisoner at the storm-
ing of Preston, 75.

Trafford (Sir Cecil) of Trafford, kt. signs
the recusants' petition, 39 ; committed to
the prison at Manchester, 62, 65.

Treasurers and collectors of subsidy, Lord
Derby's appointment of, 67.

Trollop (Col.) slain at Wigan, 299, 303.

Twistleton (Col.) 26, 290; member of court-
martial on Lord Derby, 312.

♦Tyldesley (Sir Thomas) knight, at Pres-
ton as a commissioner of array, 13,327;
named as a political associate of Sir G.
Hoghton and recusants, 21 ; attends
Lord Strange's council at Hoghton, 23 ;
mentioned as the most effective oppo-
nent of Parliamentarians, 23, 24 ; at-
tends Lord Strange to Manchester ban-
quet, 32, and to the siege of it, 46, 51 ;
holding then the rank of colonel, 47 ;
assists Lord Derby in retaking Lancas-
ter, 84 ; attends him to Ribchester, 96 ;
defeated by Ashton at Wigan, 98 ; fol-
lows Lord Derby to York, 99, 160;
attends the Queen towards Oxford, ib.;
knighted for his success at Burton, ibid.
surrenders Liverpool to Ashton, 104 ;
present with Rupert at the storm of
Bolton, 197; defeated near Ormskirk,

INDEX.

371

206 ; taken prisoner near Montgomery,
ibid.; governor of Lichfield, 214; sur-
renders it under the final order from the
King for yielding up Royalist fortresses,
ibid.; marches into Lancashire with Ha
milton, 255 ; advises Munroe to attack
Cromwell's rear, 265, 273 ; retreats
northwards with Munroe, 273 ; occupies
Appleby castle,273; surrenders on terms
to Col. Gen. Ashton, 274 ; passes to
Ireland, and subsequently joins Lord
Derby in Man, ibid.; assists Derby in
preparations for his expedition to Lanca-
shire, 285; Charles II lodges at his
house at Mierscough, 287; slain at
Wigan fight, 298, 299, 303, 305 ; his
intended commission in the western
counties as Derby's maj. gen. 306; in-
terred at Leigh, ibid. ; Derby's request
to visit his grave, 316; notices of his
descendants, 306.

Vandruske (General) 263.
*Venables (Capt.) taken prisoner, 63.

Waddington (Richard) receiver during
distress in Lancashire, 272.

*Wainman (Col.) 287.

Wainwright (James) receiver of contribu-
tions in Lancashire distress, 198, 213,
278.

Wakefield, battles, &c, at. 99.

Walthew (Lieut.) siege of Lathom, 177.

"Walton Bridge, guard placed at by Sir G.
Hoghton, 20 ; passage of by Duke Ham-
ilton and Cromwell, 261; by King
Charles H, 288.

*Ward (Mr.) receiver in Lancashire dis-
tress, 207 ; one of the committee of or-
dination, 208.

Warner (John) alderman, 41.

Warrington, the rendezvous of Lord Derby
and the Royalists, 64, 66; the prin-
cipal key of Lancashire, 160; repulse
of Brereton at, 95, 135; taken byBrere-
ton, 101, 103, 138, 160; entered by Sir
G. Booth in triumph, 101 ; Baily's ca-
pitulation to Cromwell at, 264; bridge
guarded against the fugitives from Wor-
cester, 309.

Warwick (Earl of) 23, 103.
Webb (Rev. John) iii. 281.
*Westby (Dr.) prisoner at Preston storm,

75.
Whalley, battle at, 96, 135.
Whalley (Commissary-General) 291.

* Wharton (Lord) appointed Lord Lieut, of

Lancashire by the Parliament, 2 ; forms
list of deputy Lieuts. ibid. ; his presence
desired in Lancashire, 18; reported to
have brought large forces to Manches-
ter, 22 ; authorizes his deputy -lieuts. to
dispose of the Lancashire magazines,
329 : grants a Lieut. Colonel's commis-
sion to Rosworm, 224.
Whitchurch taken by Parliament, 105.

* Whitfield (R.) one of the committee of

ordination, 209.

♦Whitley (Col. Roger) attends Charles H
to Lancashire, 285, 287.

*Widdrington (Lord) slain at Wigan, 298,
299, 303, 305.

Wigan, Royalist garrison of defeats Brad-
shaw and Venables, 63, 124; assaults
Bolton, 81 ; taken by Seaton, 94, 226;
and abandoned, 226 ; retaken by Ash-
ton, 98 ; occupation of by Hamilton, 263,
269; distress in from pestilence, 278.

*Willoughby (Capt.) engaged at Bolton
against Rupert, 191.

Windebank (Capt.) 51.

Winstanley (James) receiver of contribu-
tions, 278.

Winwick, church taken by Parliamentary
forces, 138; defeat of Hamilton's rear-
guard at, 264.

Wogan (Col. Henry) taken at Appleby,275.

Wogan ( — ) attends Charles H into Lanca-
shire, 287.

Wolleston (Sir John) alderman, 41.

*Wood (James) one of the committee of
ordination, 209.

Woorall (Lieut.) Lathom siege, 173, 177,
212.

Writhington (Sir Edw.) removed from the
commission of the peace, 60.

Wyerwater, Lord Derby's disembarkation
in, 295.

Wyn (Sir Richard) M.P. for Liverpool, 1 .

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