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TRANSACTIONS 


OF    THE 


15 r is 1 0 1    u ntr    (£ ta ut c st tx $ Ij i re 


^rcb  ;ro  ( 0  g  i  t  a  I    Batxztri 


FOR    1889-90.. 


Thb  Council  of  the  Bki.stol  and  Gloucestershire  Archaeological 
Society  desires  that  it  should  be  distinctly  understood  that  the 
Council  is  not  responsible  for  any  statements  made,  or  opinions 
expressed,  in  the  Transactions  of  the  .Society.  The  Authors  alone 
are  responsible  for  their  several  Papers  and  Communications,  and  the 
Editor   for   the  Notices   of   Books. 


Donations  of  Historical  or  Antiquarian  Books,  Tracts, 
Maps,  Engraving's,  &c,  are  invited  to  the  Society's  Library 
at  the  Museum,  Gloucester.  Librarian— The  Rev.  Wm. 
Bazeley,  M.A.,  Hon.  Gen.  Sec. 


TRANSACTIONS 


OF    THE 


Bristol   &  (ftlourrotrrolitrr 


Hvtfyataloqital  Society 


FOR  1889-90. 


Edited    by    SIE    JOHN    MACLEAN,    F.S.A.,    &c. 


VOL.     XIV. 


BRISTOL  : 

PRINTED  FOR  THE  SOCIETY  BY  C.  T.  JEFFERIES  AND  SONS,  Limited, 

BACK  HALL,  BALDWIN  STREET,  &  CANYNGE  BUILDINGS,  REDCL1FFE  STREET. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


Transactions  at  Berkeley  -  -  -  ■  1-4 

Transactions  at  Cheltenham  ....         189-215 

The  Architectural  History  of  Avening  Church,  Glouc.     By  R. 

Herbert  Carpenter,  F.S.A.,  and  B.  Ingelow,  Architects  5-13 

Testa  de  Nevill.     Returns  for  Gloucestershire.     By  Sir  Henry 

Barkly,  K.C.B.,  G.C.M.G.   -  -  -  14-47 

The  Ancient  Apse  of  Deerhurst  Church,     By  the  Rev.  George 

BUTTERWORTH  -  -  -  -  48-49 

History  of  the  Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers,  and 
some  account  of  its  Possessors.     By  Sir  John  Maclean, 

F.S.A.,  V.P.  -  -  -  50-116 

Abbot  Newland's  Roll  of  the  Abbots  of  St.  Augustine's  Abbey, 

Bristol.     Communicated  by  J.  H.  Jeayes,  Esq.   '  -         117-130 

Sanctuary  Knockers.     By  Mary  Ellen  Bagnall-Oakley  -         131-140 

Pychenecumbe — Abstracts  of  Original  Documents  in  the  Regis- 
ters of  the  Abbey  of  St.  Peter's,  Gloucester.  By  the  Rev. 
John  Melland  Hall,  M.A.  -  -  -        141-162 

Leland  in  Gloucestershire.     By  John  Latimer  -  -        221-224 

Remarks  on  the  Liber  Niger,  or  Black  Book  of  the  Exchequer. 

By  Sir  Henry  Barkly,  K.C.B.,  G.C.M.G.  -  -        285-320 

On  Old  Tools  and  Implements.     By  Robert  Taylor,  M.A.       -        321-327 
Sevenhampton.     By  the  Rev.  John  Melland  Hall,  M.A.        -        328-355 
A  Perambulation  of  the  Forest  of  Dean,  co.   Gloucester,   10th 
Edward  I.     Contributed  by  Sir  John  Maclean,  F.S.A., 
F.R.S.A.  (Ireland)   -----        356-369 
Accounts   of   Receipts   and  Payments   for   Exploration   of    the 

Roman  Villa  at  Tockington  Park.     By  Sir  John  Maclean        216-219 

Treasurer's  Annual  Account,  188S-9  -  -  -  220 

In  Memoriam—Rey,  Harry  Mengden  Scarth,  M.A.      .  -         164-165 

„  „         William  Henry  Paine,  F.R.C. P.,  F.G.S,  -  370 


NOTICES   OF  RECENT   ARCHAEOLOGICAL   AND   HISTORICAL 

PUBLICATIONS. 


Diocese  of  Salisbury — The  Church  Plate  of  the  County  of  Dorset, 
with  Extracts  from  the  Returns  of  Church  Goods  by  the 
Dorset  Commissioners  of  Edward  VI.,  1552.  By  J.  E. 
Nightingale,  F.S.A.  ....       165-172 

The    Gentleman's     Magazine     Library — Bibliographical    Notes. 

Edited  by  Georce  Lawrentce  Gomme,  F.S.A.       -  -       172-174 

Barnstaple,   and   the   Northern   Part  of  Devonshire  during   the 

Great  Civil  War,  1642-1646.     by  Richard  W.  Cotton        -       174-179 

Popular  County  History. — A  History  of  Cumberland.     By  Rich. 

H.  Ferguson,  M.  A.,  LL.M.,  F.S  A.       -  -  -       179-182 

The  A. B.C.  Book,  both  in  Latin  and  English  :  being  a,  facsimile 
of  the  earliest  extant  English  Reading  Book,  with  an  Intro- 
duction by  E.  S.  Shuckburgh,  M.A.       -  -  -  182 

Proceedings  of  the  Clifton  Antiquarian  Club  for  1884-6  (Vol.  I.) 

Edited  by  Alfred  E.  Hudd,  F.S.A.       -  -  -       183-184 

A  Dictionary  of  Heraldry,  with  upwards  of  2500  Illustrations. 

By  Charles  Norton  Elvin,  M.A.        -  -  184 

The  Antiquary.— A  Magazine  devoted  to  the  Study  of  the  Past. 

Vols.  XX.  and  XXI.  -     185,  390 

Yorkshire  Chap  Books.    Edited  by  Charles  A.  Federer,  L.C.P.       185-186 
Yorkshire  Legends  and  Traditions,  &c.     By  the  Rev.  Thomas 

Parkinson  -  186-187 

Calendar  of  State  Papers  (Domestic  Series),  1644-16±6.     Edited 
by  William  Douglas  Hamilton,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  of 
H.M.  Record  Office    -  -  -  371-373 

Fort   Ancient,    the   Great   Pre-historic    Earthwork    of    Warren 

County,  Ohio,  U.S.A.     By  William  K.  Moorhead  -       373-375 

An  Introduction  to  English  Economic  History  and  Theory.     By 

W.  J.  Ashley,  M.A.  -  375-376 

Studies  in  Evolution  and  Biology.     By  Alice  Bodington  -       377-37S 

Glimpses  into  Nature's  Secrets.     By  Edward  Martin  -       378-379 

Passing  Thoughts  of  a  Working  Man     By  Herbert  Cloudesdey  379 

A  Consideration  of  Gentle  Ways.     By  Edward  Butler  -  379 

Newspaper  Reporting  in  olden  time  and  to-day.  By  John  Pen- 
dleton       ------       379-380 

Calendar  of  the  State  Papers  relating  to  Ireland  of  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth,  1692-1696.  By  Hans  Claude  Hamilton,  Esq., 
F.S.A  ------       380-385 

Ireland  under  the  Tudors,  with  a  succinct  account  of  the  Earlier 

History,  Vol.  III.     By  Richard  Bagwell,  M.A.  -      3S5-390 


Hallcn's  London  City  Registers— St.  Botolph.     Transcribed  by 

A.  \V.  Cornelius  Hallen,  M.A.  .  .  .  300 

Church  Plate  in  Kent.     By  the  Rev.  W.  A.  Scott  Robertson     -      391-392 

Gloucestershire  Notes  and  Queries.     Edited  by  the  Rev.  Beaver 

H,  Blacker,  M.A.     -  -  -  -      392-393 

The  Scottish  Antiquary,  or  Northern  Notes  and  Queries.     By  the 

Rev.  A.  W.  Cornelius  Hallen,  M.A.,  F.S.A.  (Scot.)         -       393-394 

Cyniru  Fu— Notes  and  Queries  relating  to  the  past  History  of 
Wales  and  the  Border  Counties, Vol.  II.  Edited  by  Geor<;e 
H.  Brierley  .....  394. 

Western  Antiquary — Note  Book  for  Devon  &  Cornwall,  Vol.  II. 

Edited  by  W.  H.  R.  Wright,  F.R.  Hist.  Soc.      -  394-395 

Notes  and  Gleanings. — A  Monthly  Magazine  devoted  chiefly  to 
subjects  connected  with  the  Counties  of  Devon  &  Cornwall, 
Vol.  II.  Edited  by  W.  Cotton,  F.S.A. ,  and  James  Dallas, 
F.L.S.  ------  395 


LIST   OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 


9 
13 
74 

83 
86 

87 


Plate  I.  Plans  of  Avcning  Church  -  -      to  face  p. 

Plate  II.  „  „         - 

Plate  III        View  of  Manor  House,  Clifford  Chambers 

Plate  IV.       Plans  of  Clifford  Chambers  Church   - 

Plate  V.         Chalice  and  Paten,  Clifford  Chambers,  1494-5  -  „ 

Fig.  1.  Knop  or  point  of  the  feet  of  the  Chalice  -        on  page 

Plate  VI.        Monumental  Brass  of  Hercules  Rainsford  and 

Elizabeth,  his  wife,  at  Clifford  Chambers  -      to  face  p.     91 

jPlate  VII.      Monumental  Brass  of  Elizab.  Marrowe,  at  Clif- 
ford Chambers      .... 

>> 

Fig.  2  Escutcheon  of  the  Arms  of  the  Rev.  Francis 

Hanbury  Annesley  -  -  -       ou  page 

Sanctuary  Knocker,  St.  Nicholas  Church,  Glouc. 


*Fig.  3 
*Fig.  4 
*Fig.  5 


Do.  at  Adel  Church,  Leeds 

Do.  at  St.   Gregory's,   Church, 

Norwich 
Do.  at  All  Saints'  Church,  York 

Do.  at  Durham  Cathedral 

View  of  the  Sanctuary,  Holyrood     - 
Chalice  at  Combe  Keynes,  Somerset 
Paten  at  Buckhorn,  Weston,  Somerset 
Chalice  at  Sturminster  Marshall,  Somerset 
Chalice  at  Wyley,  Wilts     - 
Elizabethan  Cup  with  Paten  Cover,  1576 
Chalice  ami  Paten  from  Cillingham 
Cup  at  Wraxall,  1615-1620 
Cup  at  Nosterton,  1714       - 
View  of  Church  of  Ozleworth,  Clouc. 
N.  Pier  of  Chancel  Arch,  Stoke  Orchard,  Glouc. 
Base  of  North  Pier  of  ,,  ,, 

Bell  Turret  of 
Plate  XVII.  View  of  Stoke  Orchard  Church, 
Plate  XVIII  View  of  Postlip  Chapel 
Chancel  Arch     do. 

Base  of  Shaft  of  Arch,  Postlip  „ 

View  of  Sevenhampton  Church 
Interior  of  Sevenhampton  Church  Tower 
Monumental  Brass  of  John  Camber  - 


92 

100 
131 

131 


*Fig.  6 
*Fig.  7 
"Plate  VIII 
t  Plate  IX. 
fFig.  8 
t  Plate  X. 
fPlate  XI. 
fPlate  XII. 
fPlate  XIII 
fPlate  XIV. 
fPlate  XV. 

Plate  XVI. 

Fig.  9 

Fig.  10 

Fie.  ii 


Fig.  12 
Fig.  13 
Fig.  14 
Fig.  15 
Plate  XIX 


132 
132 
132 

to  face  p.  140 

167 

on  page   167 

to  face  p.  168 

168 

169 

169 

169 

170 

200 

202 

202 

202 

202 

207 

207 

207 

339 

340 

to  face  p.  343 


on  page 


to  face  p. 


on  page 


J  A  donation  of  £10  10s.  was  made  to  the  Society  by  the  Rev.  F.  H.  Annesley  in  aid  of 
the  printing  and  illustrating  Sir  John  Maclean's  "  History  of  the  Manor,  &c,  of  Clifford 
Chambers." 

*  The  drawings  for  the  illustrations  thus  marked  were  made  by  the  Author. 

t  The  engraved  blocks  for  the  illustrations  thus  marked  were  kindly  lent  by  the  Author 


TRANSACTIONS  OF  THE 

instol  nub  &lsmmhtB$xt  %xcbmla§mxl  Satittg 


in  1889-90. 


Proceedings  at  the  Spring  Meeting,  held  at  Berkeley,  on  Wednesday. 

29th  May,  1889. 


The  Annual  Spring  Meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  this  day  at  Berkeley, 

where  there  was  a  very  full  attendance.    Among  those  present  were  Mr.  R. 

V.  Vassae- Smith,  President  of  the  Society,  Gen.  Hale,  Dr.  Beddoe,  V.P.,  the 

Revs.  S.  E.  Baktleet  and  J.  Mellaxd  Hall  ;  Messrs.  H.  Adams,  F.  N. 

Baynton,  W.  J.  Brackenridge,  B.  Bonnor,  H.  W.  Bruton,  E.  Bush,  J. 

B.  C.  Burroughs,  C.  H.  Dansey,  E.  A.  D'Argent,   H.  Derham,  R.  G. 

Foster,  H.  Martin  Gibbs,  J.  Hale,  W.  W.  Hughes,    H.  Lloyd,  P.  D. 

Prankerd,  B.  Matthews,  C.  Trusted,  Rev.  W.  Bazeley,  Hon.  Secretary, 

Mr.  V.  R.  Perkins,  Local  Secretary  for  Dursley,  and  a  large  number  of 

ladies. 

The  various  sections  of  the  party  met  at  Berkeley  station,  and  at  once 

set  out  for 

Berkeley  Church, 

where  they  were  welcomed  by  the  Revd.  J.  L.  Stackhouse,  the  vicar, 
who  read  a  paper,  in  the  course  of  which  he  said  that  one  striking 
peculiarity  which  immediately  arrests  the  attention  of  the  visitor  is 
that  the  tower  is  separated  from  the  church  itself.  There  are  many 
instances  of  separate  towers,  but  few  cases  in  which  they  are  so  far 
apart  from  the  church  as  at  Berkeley.  In  this  case  the  distance  is 
146  feet.  The  reason  for  this  separation  may  be  that  a  tower  attached 
to  the  church  would  have  been  full  of  peril  to  the  Castle,  as  archers  once 
established  on  the  top  of  such  a  tower  would  have  commanded  the  Keep.  In 
fact  the  church  itself  proved  to  be  a  danger  to  the  neighbouring  fortress, 
for  it  was  through  the  church  that  the  castle  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Cromwellites.  The  contest  was  in  the  north  porch  ;  the  carnage  was  fright- 
ful, the  battle  decisive  for  the  beseigers,  who  immediately  set  to  work  to 
put  some  small  guns  on  the  roof  of  the  church,  and  the  castle  surrendered. 
The  present  tower  dates  only  from  1753,  but  it  is  a  fair  reproduction  of 
an  older  tower  which  stood  on  the  same  site.  It  contains  six  bells,  of  fine 
tone  and  weight,  which  have  just  recently  been  re-hung  and  the  tower  itself 
restored.  The  curfew  still  rings  out  its  ponderous  note  of  warning  at  the 
hour  of  eight  o'clock  from  Old  Michaelmas  day  to  the  25th  of  March.  The 
churchyard  is  blocked  up  by  unsightly  tombs,  which  are  quaint  in  size 
and  shape,  and  still  more  quaint  for  the  inscriptions  upon  them.  He  recom- 
mended the  members  to  look  at  an  old  altar-tomb  near  the  north  door, 
Vol.  XIV.  b 


•2  Berkeley  Church. 

to  the  memory  of  Thomas  Pearce.    On  the  west  end  of  it,  towards  the  path, 
is  the  following  inscription  : 

Here  resteth  the  Body  of 

THOMAS  PEARCE 

who  was  five  times 

Mayor  of  this  Town 

who  deceased  the  25 

of  Feb  1665  statis  77. 

And  on  the  north  side  this  : 

Here  lyeth  Thomas  peirce  whom  no  man  taught 

Yet  he  in  Iron.  Brass,  and  Silver  wrought, 

He  Jacks  and  clocks  and  watches  (with  Art)  made 

And  mended  too,  when  others'  work  did  fade. 

Of  Berkeley  five  tymes  Maior  this  Artist  was 

And  yet  this  Maior,  this  artist,  was  but  grasse, 

When  his  owne  watch  was  downe  on  the  last  day, 

He  that  made  watches,  had  not  made  a  key 

To  wind  it  up  ;  but  useless  it  must  lie, 

Until  he  rise  againe  no  more  to  die. 
And  at  another,  whereon  is  an  epitaph  on  Richard   Pearce,  the  Earl  of 
Suffolk's  jester,  as  under  : 

Here  lies  the  Earl  of  Suffolk's  Fool 

Men  call'd  him  Dicky  Pearce  ; 
His  folly  served  to  make  Folks  laugh, 

When  wit  and  mirth  were  scarce. 
Poor  Dick  alas  !  is  dead  and  gone 

What  signifies  to  cry 
Dickys  enough  are  still  behind 

To  laugh  at  bye  and  bye. 

Buried  Juke  18th,  1728,  aged  63. 

The  words,  which  are  attributed  to  Dean  Swift,  are  more  witty  than  reverent. 
The  exterior  of  the  church  gives  no  idea  of  the  beauty  of  the  interior.  The  long 
nave  with  its  low  roof,  and  the  absence  of  a  clerestory  window  on  the  north 
side,  give  the  visitor  who  approaches  the  church  for  the  first  time  an  im- 
pression that  the  building  is  deficient  in  architectural  beauty.  Passing  round 
the  exterior  to  the  west  end,  he  said,  you  will  come  suddenly  on  a  grand 
west  front,  with  a  doorway  between  two  blank  pointed  arches  ;  the  doorway 
itself  has  an  obtuse  arch  elaborately  foliated,  with  a  detached  shaft  of  Pur- 
beck  marble  on  either  side.  The  old  oak  door  still  bears  the  marks  of  the 
battle  which  took  place  on  23rd  Sept.  1645.  There  are  perforations  through 
which  the  beseiged  pointed  their  muskets  at  the  attacking  forces,  and  there 
are  also  many  marks  of  the  hostile  bullets  of  the  besiegers.  Above  the 
west  door  is  a  fine  Early  English  window  of  five  lights,  which  is  one  of 
the  principal  features  of  the  building.  Passing  into  the  interior  it  is  im- 
possible to  enter  this  noble  church  without  feeling  that  it  is  at  once 
beautiful  in  its  structure,  and  reverent  in  its  arrangements.  The  nave  and 
aisles  belong  to  the  13th  and  14th  centuries,  but  the  south  doorway  is  a 
very  remarkable  example  of  transition  from  Norman  to  Early  English.  The 
font  is  a  most  interesting  one  of  Norman  workmanship  ;  three  of  the  sides 


Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-9(1.  X 

bear  marks  of  rough  usage.  At  the  screen  there  was  an  altar  to  St.  Mary  the 
Virgin,  to  whom  the  church  is  dedicated,  and  the  piscina  of  this  altar 
still  remains,  and j on  the  south  side  an  altar  to  St.  Andrew.  These  were 
founded— the  first  by  Thomas  Lord  Berkeley  (the  third  of  that  name),  and 
the  other  by  his  widow.  Their  tomb  is  close  by,  with  their  effigies  upon 
it.  It  is  well  known  that  this  Lord  Berkeley  was  tried  for  the  murder  of  his 
Sovereign,  and  ultimately  acquitted.  Close  to  the  screen,  on  the  south  side, 
a  Roman  tile  has  been  built  into  the  wall,  and  bears  the  following  letters, 


<    BCLVl7 


which  were  scratched  upon  it  whilst  still  soft,  and,  probably,  indicate  that 
the  situation  had  been  occupied  by  the  Tenth  Cohort  of  the  6th  Legion,  but 
this  interpretation  would  seem  to  be  very  doubtful.  The  first  letter  is  very 
indistinct.  On  the  south  side  of  the  chancel  is  the  chapel  used  as  the  burial 
place  of  the  Berkeley  family.  The  stone  roof  is  of  a  most  interesting  charac- 
ter, some  of  the  carvings  being  very  curious,  especially  one  on  a  boss  on  the 
south  side,  with  the  representation  of  a  fox  with  his  paws  on  the  pulpit, 
preaching  to  two  geese,  who  are  turning  their  heads  away.  The  reredos 
is  a  recent  gift  to  the  church  by  Lady  Fitzhardinge,  who  has  placed  it 
there  as  a  memorial  to  her  late  father  and  mother.  It  represents  the  four 
Evangelists  and  our  Lord  in  the  centre.  The  window  above  is  in  memory 
of  the  great  Dr.  Jenner,  who  was  buried  in  the  chancel.  The  registers  of 
the  church  go  back  only  to  October,  1653,  and  the  ancient  ones  have  been 
sadly  torn  and  misused,  so  that  they  are  scarcely  legible. 

The  President  conveyed  the  thanks  of  the  members  to  Mr.  Stack- 
house  for  his  paper,  which,  he  said,  had  invested  the  subject  matter  with 
a  new  interest.  The  company  having  inspected  the  various  details  of  the 
sacred  edifice,  a  visit  was  paid  to  the  vicarage,  formerly  the  residence  of 
the  famous  Dr.  Jenner,  and  one  of  the  sights  of  which  was  a  summer-house 
where  the  doctor  is  said  to  have  vaccinated  his  early  patients.  After  lunch 
at  the  Berkeley  Arms  Hotel,  the  party  proceeded  to 

The  Castle, 

having  got  safely  under  shelter  in  the  Great  Hall  just  before  one  of  many 
heavy  showers  fell.  They  were  received  by  the  Hon.  Elton  Gifford,  Lord 
Fitzharddinge's  nephew,  Mr.  J.  Peter,  his  Lordship's  agent,  and  the  latter, 
with  the  Revd.  William  Bazeley,  acted  as  guides  to  the  building.  Many 
documents  of  interest  were  exhibited  by  the  former  gentleman,  and  Mr. 
Bazeley  read  notes  on  the  History  and  Architecture  of  the  Castle,  collected 
from  the  able  and  exhaustive  article  on  the  subject  by  Mr.  G.  T.  Clark,  of 
Dowlais,  F.S.A.,  on  the  occasion  of  the  first  visit  of  the  Society  to  the 
Castle  in  1876,  printed  in  the  first  volume  of  the  Transactions. 

On  the  conclusion  of  Mr.  Bazeley's  remarks,  the  party  being  \7ery 
numerous,  was  divided  into  three  sections,  which  were  conducted  by  Mr. 
Bazeley,  and  Mr.  Vincent  Perkins,  Local  Secretary  to  the  Society  at 
Dursley,  over  the  building,  the  chapel,  King  Edward  II. 's  reputed  chamber, 
and  other  objects  of  special  interest  in  the  building.  Afterwards  the  mem- 
bers were  invited  to  ascend  to  the  leads  of  the  castie   for  the  purpose  of 

B    2 


4  The  Castlk. 

seeing  from  that  elevation  the  view  of  the  Vale  of  Gloucester  and  the  sur- 
rounding scenery.  It  was,  however,  somewhat  disappointing,  the  rainy  and 
misty  state  of  the  atmosphere  tended  greatly  to  obscure  the  prospect,  which, 
from  the  inconsiderable  height  of  the  elevation,  is  not  very  extensive,  and  the 
thick  foliage  of  the  neighbouring  trees  greatly  intercepted  the  view.  Even 
the  heights  of  the  Cotswold  hills,  on  the  east,  which  bound  the  vale,  could 
only  be  imperfectly  seen.  Mr.  Perkins  pointed  out  the  sites  of  the  chief 
places  of  interest,  and  read  some  interesting  extracts  from  Leland,  Camden, 
and  from  Smith's  Hundred  of  Berkeley,  relative  to  the  ancient  privileges  of 
the  Borough  of  Berkeley  which  was  formerly  a  small  port.  These  privileges 
however,  have  long  since  ceased,  and  the  borough  has  dissolved  itself  and 
surrendered  its  municipal  insignia  to  the  Lord  of  the  Castle. 

The  Meeting  now  terminated,  aud  the  parties  returned  to  the  railway 
station  and  proceeded  to  their  respective  homes,  having,  notwithstanding 
the  stormy  weather,  spent  an  enjoyable  day. 


A  vexing  Church,  Glot-cesti:kphirf. 


THE    ARCHITECTURAL    HISTORY    OF    AVENING 
CHURCH,  GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 

An  extract  from  the  Report  submitted  to  the  Rector  and  Church- 
wardens, September  1st,  1S88. 

By  R.  HERBERT  CARPENTER,  F.S.A.,  &  B.  INGELOW,  Architects. 

There  is  not,  so  far  as  we  know,  any  documentary  evidence 
connected  with  the  history  of  the  church  in  this  place  earlier 
than  the  time  of  the  Norman  Conquest ;  soon  after  which  the 
land  called  "  Avening  "  was  given  by  Queen  Matilda  who  granted 
this  and  other  manors  in  Gloucester  to  the  nuns  of  "La  Trinite  " 
or  the  "  Abbaye  aux  Dames,"  founded  at  Caen,  in  Normandy, 
by  her. 

Previous  to  the  Norman  Conquest  the  Manor  of  Aveninge 
formed  parcel  of  the  vast  possessions  of  Brictric,  the  son  of  Alnod, 
of  the  whole  of  which  he  was  deprived  by  the  Conqueror,  who 
conferred  the  greater  portion  upon  his  Queen. 

The  abbey  had  estates  both  in  Gloucestershire  and  Dorset- 
shire, and  it  is  on  record  that  the  Abbess  occasionally  crossed 
the  sea  to  visit  her  English  possessions. 

There  was  in  all  probability  a  Saxon  church'  at  Avening, 
indeed  the  arches  and  lower  windows  of  the  tower  are  of  such 
an  architectural  character  that  they  might  well  have  formed 
part  of  a  building  erected  during  the  last  period  of  the  Saxon 
rule.  But  after  a  careful  consideration  and  comparison  of  the 
various  details,  we  are  of  opinion  that  the  earliest  portions  of 
the  church  were  probably  erected  after  the  land  came  into 
possession  of  the  Nuns. 

The  Drawing  (Plate  I.  fig.  1)  shews  the  plan  of  the  church  as 
it  probably  appeared  until  the  end  of  the  Norman  period. 

Whether  the  actual  termination  of  the  east  end  was  circular 
or  square   is   uncertain,  an  apse,   no  doubt,  was  a  very  general 


6  Transactions  for  the  Year  1S89-90. 

feature  of  this  period,  more  particularly  in  Normandy,  but  in 
this  district  of  England  the  Normans  frequently  built  square 
east  ends,   as  at   Devizes,  Elkstone,   Iffley,  and  Oxford. 

The  chief  entrance  is  on  the  north  side  of  the  nave  ;  it  is 
a  very  fine  round-headed  doorway,  with  twisted  ornamental 
shafts  and  carved  capitals,  of  which  latter,  that  on  the  left,  has 
the  frequently  found  treatment  of  two  horse-like  animals,  with  a 
human  head  common  to  both  bodies  :  the  other,  or  right-hand 
capital,  has  very  rich  conventional  foliage.  The  tympanum 
enclosed  by  the  moulded  and  chevron  ornamented  arch  is,  how- 
ever, now  quite  plain,  instead  of  being  filled  with  sculptures  or 
figures  from  the  "  Bestiarium,"  as  are  so  many  of  those  described 
by  Mr.  Romilly  Allen  in  his  "Christian  Symbolism." 

On  the  internal  jamb  is  a  curious  sculptured  stone,  and  it 
has  been  suggested  by  Fosbroke  that  the  subject  represented 
on  it  is  Adam  and  Eve,  symbolical  of  the  Sacrament  of  Marriage, 
but  on  careful  examination  it  is  evident  the  stone  is  not  in  its 
original  place,  and  that  it  has  been  cut  at  each  end  and  used 
as  a  jamb  stone  for  the  inside  of  a  doorway  inserted  in  the  15th 
century.  The  portion  of  the  stone  which  has  been  cut  off  from 
the  east  end  can  be  seen  in  the  rough  stone  filling-in  between 
the  outside  jambs  of  the  earlier  and  later  doorways.  The  figures 
are  arranged  in  pairs,  in  three  divisions,  under  rudely-cut  arches 
with  pillars  between  each  division,  the  figures  are  too  mutilated 
to  be  identified,  but  as  two  of  them  hold  something  like  an  apple, 
they  have  been  mistaken  for  Adam  and  Eve  ;  the  figures  are, 
however,  draped,  so  Fosbroke's  suggestion  falls  to  the  ground. 
This  doorway  should  be  compared  with  the  south  door  at  Wotton 
Church,  which  much  resembles  it,  and  also  with  the  very  singular 
south  door  at  Beckford.  The  door  in  the  south  wall  of  the  nave 
was  much  more  simply  treated.  It  is  now  blocked  up,  but  a  part 
of  it  is  still  visible  externally  ;  its  cill  is  about  28  inches  above 
the  level  of  the  floor  inside,  this  was  in  order  to  suit  the  ground 
outside,  and  is  not  uncommon  in  churches  of  this  date. 

The  windows  of  this  first  church  are  very  plain  and  round- 
headed,  with  a  wide  internal  splay ;  three  of  them  still  remain, 


Avkxixg  Church,  Gloucestershire  7 

two  above  the  north  and  south  arches  of  the  tower,  and  one 
on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel.  They  are  all  very  high  up, 
and  are  at  about  the  same  level,  and  probably  traces  of  others 
may  yet  exist  on  the  south  side  beneath  the  wall  plastering. 
The  fine  eastern  arch  of  the  tower,  the  tower  groining,  and  part 
of  that  in  the  western  bay  of  the  chancel  are  of  this  date,  and 
of  simple  and  massive  character. 

The  eastern  arch  is  not  a  tx'ue  semi-circle,  but  depressed  and 
flattened  at  the  crown,  as  in  the  case  of  the  western  arch  of 
Sherborne  Abbey  tower  (this  is  a  not  uncommon  treatment  in 
Norman  times,  the  object  aimed  at  was  probably  a  better  relative 
proportion  of  the  arch  to  its  piers,  when  these  latter  were  low 
and  the  arch  wide).  It  may  be  remarked  that  the  inclination 
southwards  of  the  southern  pier  is  too  slight  to  account  altogether 
for  the  depression. 

We  may  here  observe  that  inside  the  chancel  at  the  western 
end  of  the  south  wall  there  is  a  square-headed  doorway,  now 
blocked  up,  but  formerly  communicating  with  the  circular  stairs 
leading  to  the  upper  stages  of  the  tower  ;  from  its  position  inside 
the  chancel  it  is  not  likely  that  this  door  was  intended  for  bell 
ringers  only,  and  we  suggest  there  was  at  Avening,  as  at  Elkstone 
and  Leckhampton,  and  probably  at  S.  Mary's,  Wareham,  a  room 
over  the  chancel  used  by  the  priest.  At  the  east  end  of  the 
nave,  on  the  south  side,  is  a  recessed  segmental  arch  very  richly 
moulded,  it  has  the  characteristic  chevron,  and  corresponds  in 
detail  with  the  north  doorway.  The  lower  part  of  it  is  now 
blocked  up  by  pews,  formerly,  it  is  probable,  there  was  an  altar  here. 
It  is  worthy  of  note,  that  during  the  recent  works  at  Minchin- 
hampton,  indications  of  a  similar  altar  were  discovered,  with  a 
recess  above  it  to  receive  a  piece  of  sculpture,  and  Sir  Henry 
Dryden  informs  us  that  at  the  church  of  Langford,  he  found  in  a 
corresponding  position  evidences  both  of  an  altar  and  of  a 
sculptured  retable  above  it. 

We  have  now  to  describe,  and  if  possible  account  for,  the 
remains  of  a  very  curious  ancient  arrangement  On  the  western 
jamb  of  the  north-west  tower  piers  there  can  still  be  traced  the 


8  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

lines  of  an  opening  now  filled  up  ;  this,  on  the  transept  side,  was 
2ft.  6in.,  but  on  the  tower  side  much  narrower,  its  cill  was  about 
3ft.  6in.  above  the  floor,  and  close  to  it,  on  the  angle  of  the  great 
tower  buttress,  and  in  the  transept,  is  the  chamfered  jamb  of  a 
doorway  opening  inwards  to  the  west,  the  chamfer  has  a  moulded 
stop  under  the  end  of  the  former  flat  lintel  head,  and  thus 
resembles  the  blocked-up  doorway  in  the  west  wall  of  the  transept. 
Now  in  point  of  date  we  consider  this  work  is  Norman,  and  thus 
earlier  than  the  north  transept,  and  the  position  of  the  doorway 
seems  to  preclude  the  idea  of  its  having  been  the  entrance  to  a 
chapel.  How,  then,  are  these  two  openings  to  be  accounted  for  1 
It  is  suggested  that  they  may  have  belonged  to  a  "  recluse's  cell  " 
attached  to  the  church.  We  admit,  of  course,  that  these  cells  are 
very  uncommon,  but  we  know  at  least  of  one  such  at  Aldrington 
in  Sussex,  where  we  restored  and  partially  rebuilt  the  church.1 
Here  there  was  documentary  evidence,  not  only  of  the  existence 
of  the  ceil  (which  was  attached  to  the  chancel),  but  also  of  the 
"  establishment "  of  the  recluse  by  the  Bishop  of  Chichester. 
(There  are  also  some  remains  of  a  cell  at  Walpole,  St.  Andrew's, 
Norfclk,  built  against  the  western  tower.)  We  may  fairly  believe, 
therefore,  that  a  somewhat  similar  arrangement  existed  at 
Avening,  and  that  the  chamfered  jamb  was  part  of  the  outside 
door  of  the  cell  of  a  recluse,  and  that  the  opening  through  the 
pier  was  to  enable  him,  or  her,  to  join  in  the  services  of  the 
church.  Subsequently  when  the  cell  was  removed  and  the 
transept  built,  the  opening  Avas  blocked  up  for  the  sake  of 
security  before  the  arch  in  the  tower  was  constructed. 

On  the  north   side  of  the    nave  there   is   an    arcade,    much 

mutilated,  of  two  round  arches  opening  into  a  short  narrow  aisle 

or  chapel.     There  is  some  evidence  that  this  chapel  was  groined 

probably  with  a  plastered  stone  vault,  without  ribs,  as  over  the 

ambulatories  of  St.  Bartholomew.  Smithfield,  but  the  alteration 

of  the  chapel  into  an  aisle  in  the  14th  century  necessitated  the 

removal  of  the  vault.     Possibly  the  blocked-up  Norman  doorway 

now  in  the  transept  Avail  formerly  belonged  to  the  chapel. 

1  At  Quinton,  in  this  county,  there  is  evidence  of  a  similar  cell  (alluded 
to  by  Sir  John  Maclean,  F.S.A.,  Trans.,  Vol.  XIII.  p.  16S). 


Plate  1 


Fit>    i 


Avening  Church. 


t...r,  ?. 


J T_ 


f  -. 


DencUs    Nc-rma*.: 

Early  EngUsii.. 

•'     Ancient  wails  no* 


iK* 


Avenixcx  Church,  Gloucestershire.  9 

There  is  one  other  feature  which  calls  for  remark  ;  it  is  high 
up  in  the  eastern  wall  of  the  porch,  and  is  therefore  only  visible 
in  the  parvise  or  room  over.  It  is  a  low,  square  opening  with 
jambs,  chamfered  and  stopped,  and  a  flat  lintel,  resting  on  moulded 
corbel  stones.  It  is  impossible  to  say  positively  either  what  it 
was,  or  whether  it  is  still  in  its  original  position,  but  as  its  cill 
is  nearly  on  the  level,  which  would  correspond  with  the  top  of 
the  groining  (which  there  is  reason  to  believe  formerly  existed 
over  the  aisle),  while  its  head  is  at  about  the  same  level  as  the 
collars  of  the  Norman  rafters  might  have  been,  it  may  be  in 
its  original  position,  and  may  have  been  used  for  access  into  the 
space  above  the  Norman  vaulting.  This  opening  may  also  have 
been  made  use  of  when  the  parvise  was  erected,  and  possibly  an 
upper  story  in  connection  with  it  over  the  aisle. 

The  ancient  Norman  roofs  of  the  nave  and  chancel  were  lower 
in  pitch  than  the  present,  so  that  their  ridges  would  come  below 
the  string-course  under  the  still  remaining  belfry  windows  of  that 
period.  These  windows  were  doubtless  repeated  on  the  other  faces 
of  the  belfry  stage,  and  the  tower  was  probably  surmounted  by 
a  low  lead-covered  timber  spire,  such  as  still  exists  at  Canterbury 
Cathedral,  and  at  the  old  parish  church  of  Dover.  We  may  here 
note  that  through  the  timbers  of  the  later  roof  the  doorway  (now 
blocked  up)  can  still  be  seen  by  which  access  was  gained  from  the 
tower  to  the  space  above  the  flat-boarded  ceiling  of  the  roof  over 
the  nave. 

The  next  stages  in  the  history  of  the  fabric  are  shewn  on  plan 
[Plate  I.  fig.  2),  which  gives  the  church  as  it  may  have  appeared 
about  the  end  of  the  13th  century.  The  first  addition  made  was 
a  chapel  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel,  opening  into  it  by  a 
doorway,  the  jambs  of  which  still  remain.  This  building  was 
most  likely  a  Lady  Chapel ;  it  was  probably  destroyed  by  fire  ; 
its  eastern  foundations  can  still  be  traced,  and  its  piscina  (partly 
formed  out  of  a  Norman  window-head)  still  exists  in  the  north 
wall  of  the  chancel,  some  ancient  tiles,  a  piece  of  melted  gold, 
and  other  relics  have  been  found  within  its  area. 

The  porch,  and  the  south  and  part  of  the  north  transept,  also 
belong  to  this  period  ;  the  latter  were  built  as  chapels,  and  to 


]0  Transactions  iok  the  Year  1SS9-9U. 

connect  them  with  the  church  arches  were  pierced  in  the  tower 
walls,  that  on  the  north  being  specially  skilful  in  construction. 

The  porch  of  this  period  was  doubtless  only  a  one-storied 
building,  the  roof  being  kept  high  enough  to  clear  the  beautiful 
arch  of  the  north  doorway. 

The  plan  (Plate  I.  fig.  3)  shows  the  next  important  change  in 
the  fabric. 

This  was  the  addition  of  the  eastern  bay  of  the  chancel,  a 
work  of  much  artistic  merit;  it  is  groined  in  stone,  and  the 
vaulting  ribs  are  so  arranged  as  to  harmonize  with  the  lines  and 
proportions  of  the  earlier  vault,  the  piscina  still  remains,  and 
though  mutilated,  it  is  evident  that  originally  it  was  a  feature  of 
great  beauty. 

The  object  of  this  eastward  extension  is  not  absolutely  certain, 
but  it  seems  probable  that  it  was  to  provide  a  Lady  Chapel  in 
place  of  that  on  the  north  side,  which  had  been  burnt  down.  The 
east  window  is  low  and  wide  in  its  proportions  ;  it  has  now 
completely  lost  its  tracery,  but  we  know  that  its  centre  light  was 
wider  than  the  side  lights,  for  the  original  cill  remains  with  the 
"  stools  "  of  the  first  mullions  worked  on  it.  These  stools  do  not, 
however,  fit  the  mullions  now  standing  on  them,  while  the 
insertion  of  a  narrow  piece  of  stone  in  the  cill  shows  that  the 
window  was  widened  soon  after  its  erection,  and  it  is  possible 
that  some  of  the  discarded  ti-acery  was  put  into  the  northern 
window  of  the  chancel,  which  last  was  itself  an  insertion  after  the 
removal  of  the  earlier  Lady  Chapel.  The  other  side  windows 
differ  in  their  details  from  either  of  these  two,  and  they  are 
remarkably  small  and  narrow  in  their  lights.  A  similar  one,  now 
blocked  up  by  the  vestry,  existed  in  the  western  bay. 

In  the  south  wall  of  the  Lady  Chapel  are  some  remains  of  the 
jamb  of  the  ancient  doorway,  used  possibly  by  the  owners  of  the 
Lady  Chapel  and  chancel  as  their  private  entrance.  This  door- 
way existed  as  recently  as  1829,  and  is  shewn  on  a  plan  of  that 
date  in  possession  of  the  Incorporated  Church  Building  Society. 

Two  of  the  southern  windows  of  the  nave,  and  the  west  door- 
way, were  inserted  in  the  14th  century,  as  well  as  the  beautiful 


Avexixi;  Church,  Gloucestershire.  11 

northern  and  eastern  windows  of  the  north  transept.  [The  ancient 
tracery  and  mullions  of  the  former  window  were  removed  and  re- 
placed with  new  in  1888,  when  the  stained  glass  was  put  up.]  No 
doubt  there  was  a  west  window  of  this  period  destroyed  when  the 
wall  was  rebuilt  in  its  present  form.  The  fine  roof  of  the  nave  is  in 
very  good  condition,  and,  excepting  the  loss  of  the  carved  bosses 
at  the  intersection  of  the  ribs,  it  has  suffered  but  little  change. 
It  is  considerably  higher  in  pitch  than  the  roof  which  it  replaced, 
and  consequently  blocks  the  lower  part  of  the  Norman  belfry 
windows  before  referred  to. 

The  transept  roofs  were  altered  in  the  1 7th  century,  anciently 
they  were  of  what  is  termed  the  "  trussed  rafter  type,"  but  the 
old  cross  ties  or  bi'aces  have  been  taken  away ;  these,  however, 
could  easily  be  replaced,  as  the  mortices  still  remain  to  show 
where  they  were  framed  in. 

The  roof  over  the  chancel  was  also  reconstructed  in  the  17th 
century,  and  is  lower  in  pitch  than  the  ancient  one  of  the  14th 
century,  as  is  shewn  by  the  old  stone  water-table  of  that  date, 
on  the  then  rebuilt  eastern  face  of  the  tower. 

The  northern  chapel  of  the  nave  was  rebuilt,  and  an  arch  was 
cut  through  into  the  transepts,  and  of  this  date  a  mutilated  two- 
light  window  still  exists,  there  is  also  a  richly-moulded  wall  plate 
carried  on  corbels,  which  were  let  into  the  irregular  face  of  the 
nave  wall  after  the  removal  of  the  groining.  The  construction 
of  this  roof  is  now  hidden  under  plaster,  but  it  probably  continued 
down  the  slope  of  that  of  the  nave. 

In  the  15th  century  the  two  buttresses  on  the  southern  side 
of  the  nave  were  built  to  strengthen  the  inclining  wall,  and  the 
window  between  them  was  inserted  ;  this  alteration  involved  the 
block  ing-up  of  the  old  south  doorway. 

At  about  the  same  time  new  stonework  was  inserted  within 
the  Norman  north  doorway,  and  another  story  or  "  parvise  "  was 
added  to  the  porch  ;  this  story  was  probably  a  priest's  chamber ; 
the  floor  was  formed  by  beams  and  joists,  now  removed  ;  there  is 
nothing  to  show  how  the  stairs  to  this  room  were  arranged,  but 
certain  peculiarities  in  the  walls  give  reason  to  think  that  there 


12  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

may  have  been  at  this  time  an  upper  story  over  the  north  aisle ; 
and  that  from  this  story  the  parvise  may  have  been  entered  by 
means  of  the  ancient  opening  described  before,  while  the  upper 
story  itself  was  reached  by  stairs  or  by  a  ladder,  arranged  per- 
haps in  connection  with  those  to  the  rood-loft  hereafter  described. 

It  is  also  possible  that  steps  were  contrived  inside  the  porch 
on  the  west  side  (as  at  S.  Martin's,  Wareham),  leading  up  into 
the  parvise.  With  regard  to  the  suggested  upper  story  to  the 
aisle,  it  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  there  is  an  example  of  one 
at  Bishop's  Cleeve,  near  Cheltenham,  and  that  here  too  it  is 
connected  with  the  parvise  of  the  porch. 

It  would  be  very  interesting  to  find  out  whether  there  are 
traces  of  a  similar  arrangement  in  any  other  of  the  Gloucester- 
shire churches  (at  Laycock,  Wilts,  there  is  an  annexe  to  the  south 
porch  of  two  or  three  stories). 

The  belfry  stage  of  the  tower  was  considerably  altered,  and  the 
two  upper  battlemented  stages  were  added,  the  general  proportion 
and  effect  of  this  work  are  good,  but  the  detail  is  somewhat 
inferior. 

It  may  be  noted  that  inside  the  belfry  there  are  large  holes, 
apparently  for  beams,  as  if  these  stories  had  been  originally 
divided  by  a  floor.  The  work  of  this  period  was  probably  executed 
by  the  great  Convent  of  Sion,  to  whom  the  property,  forfeited  to 
the  Crown  as  that  of  a  foreign  convent,  had  been  granted  by 
Henry  V. 

With  these  last  works  the  mediaeval  history  of  the  fabric  may 
be  said  to  have  closed,  and  we  pass  to  the  consideration  of  the 
ancient  ritual  arrangements,  so  far  as  they  can  be  discerned  or 
reasonably  conjectured. 

In  the  first  place  it  is  obvious  that  there  must  formerly  have 
been  a  rood-screen  and  loft  across  the  east  end  of  the  nave,  for 
the  door  leading  to  the  latter  still  exists  in  its  north  wall  just 
above  the  arcade  of  the  side  aisle.  The  cutting  away  and 
mutilation  of  the  pillars,  capitals,  and  arch-mould  of  the  western 
tower  arch  were  no  doubt  occasioned  by  its  construction  ;  but 
these  defects  would,  of  course,  be  hidden  by  the  woodwork  of  the 


Atoning  Church,  Gloucestershire.  13 

screen  and  its  projecting  gallery.  It  is  not  possible  at  present 
to  determine  how  the  stairs  were  contrived,  although  what  may 
have  been  a  portion  of  them  still  exists,  formed  of  solid  oak,  but 
further  investigation  may  throw  light  on  this  difficult  and 
interesting   question. 

With  regard  to  the  altars,  there  was  one,  as  already  observed, 
at  the  east  end  of  the  nave  on  the  south  side,  but  we  have  as  yet 
found  no  traces  of  any  ancient  steps  or  levels  to  guide  us  as  to 
the  position  of  the  high  altar.  If,  however,  the  eastern  bay  of 
the  present  chancel  was  at  one  time  a  Lady  Chapel,  there  would 
be  some  form  of  screen  separating  it  from  the  chancel  of  the 
parish  church,  and  against  this  screen  or  retable  on  its  western 
side  the  high  altar  would  stand,  while  doors  in  the  screen  would 
give  access  to  the  Lady  Chapel,  which  could  also  be  entered, 
without  first  going  through  the  church,  by  means  of  the  ancient 
door  on  the  south  side. 

The  level  of  the  footpace  of  the  Lady  Chapel  altar  may  be 
inferred  from  the  height  of  the  ancient  piscina. 

The  General  Plan  of  the  Chmxm  as  it  now  exists,  and  indi- 
cations of  the  alterations  made  from  time  to  time,  are  shewn  in 
in  Plate  II. 

1  See  Mr.  R.  Paul's  paper  "Notes  in  Gloucestershire." 


14  Transactions  for  the  Yeak  1889-90. 


TESTA  DE  NEVILL 

RETURNS  FOR  COUNTY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

No.  8. 

By  Sir  HENRY  BARKLY,  K.C.B.,  G.C.M.G. 

The  Return  at  page  82  headed  "  De  Testa  de  Nevill,"  as  if  copied 
from  the  original  Record  thus  designated,  though  printed  last, 
ranks  next  in  order  of  time,  if  my  surmise x  be  correct  that  the 
payments  from  Religious  Houses,  credited  at  its  close,  were  made 
on  account  of  the  Aid  of  1235. 

It  begins  with  a  list  of  tenants  by  Serjeanty,  liable,  as  is  known, 
to  oontribute  on  such  occasions.  In  the  case  of  the  first  eleven,  the 
christian  and  surname  alone  are  noted,  without  allusion  to  office, 
or  locality  and  extent  of  holding.  As  the  families  referred  to, 
however,  are,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  following  enumeration,  con- 
nected with  the  Forest  of  Dean  (a  single  exception  perhaps 
occurring),  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  we  have  here  the  names 
of  the  officials  x  employed  in  its  custody  and  remunerated  by  the 
occupation  of  a  certain  portion  thereof  by  serjeanty,  viz. — 
1.   "  Robert  Erchemband  holds  by  serjeanty.  " 

The  family  of  this  name  was  chiefly  connected  with  Cirences- 
ter, where  Richard  Erkenband  is  given  in  a  subsequent  Return  as 
holding  under  a  serjeanty  in  1249,  and  where  Geoffrey  Erkenbald 
had  an  estato  in  38th  Henry  III.,3  three  years  later.  Rudder 
expresses  an  opinion  that  the  latter  was  the  descendant  of  the 
"freeman"  mentioned  in  Domesday  as  holding  two  hides  in 
that  township  "  for  which  he  did  service  to  the  sheriff  throughout 

1  Trans.,  Vol.  XIII.,  p.  352. 

2  Bigland  gives  a  long  list  of  the  Wardens,  Verderers,  Woodmen,  &c. , 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.;  whilst  a  document  published  by  Rudder  shows 
that  in  the  time  of  Edward  I.  the  forest  was  divided  into  ten  Bailiewicks, 
each  under  an  hereditary  guardian. 

3  Rudder's  Gloucestershire,  p.  355. 


Testa  de  Nevill,  15 

all  England.  I  can  trace  no  connection  with  Dean,  but  they 
must  have  spread  at  an  early  date  through  the  county,  for  in 
1128  a  "  Robert  son  of  Erkenbald  "  gave  half  a  hide  of  land  in 
Condicote  (near  Stow)  to  St.  Peter's  Abbey.1 

2.  Thomas  de  Blacen  by  serjeanty. 

Evidently  "Blakeney,"'  which  was  one  of  the  Bailiwicks  of 
the  Forest.  Thomas  de  Blakeney  was  a  juror  for  the  Liberty  of 
Dean  Forest  in  1248,2  and  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  he,  or  his 
son  of  the  same  name,  held  of  the  King  in  capite.3 

3,  Ralph  Avenel  by  serjeanty. 

Though  of  good  standing  in  Normandy  at  the  date  of  the 
Conquest,  the  Avenels  do  not  appear  as  Crown  tenants  in  Domes- 
day. They  however  acquired  lands  in  England  during  the  reign 
of  Henry  I.  principally  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  then  an  Earldom 
of  the  De  Redvers  family.  Probably  through  the  same  connection 
they  became  prominent  in  Gloucestershire  4  not  long  afterwards, 
for  we  find  a  Ralph  Avenel  holding  from  1167  to  117-1  in  Sand- 
hurst, a  manor  in  which  the  Earls  of  the  Isle  had  an  interest 
subsequently.5  Another  Ralph,  presumably  his  son,  obtained  in 
1200  continuation  of  a  weekly  market  6  in  his  vill  of  Bicknor,  one  of 
the  Bailliewicks  of  Dean  Forest,  which  constituted  the  Serjeanty 
above  referred  to.  This  Ralph  died  in  1223,  and  was  succeeded  by 
his  son  William,  who  held  Bicknor  till  his  death  in  1226,  when  it 
passed  to  his  daughter.7  Either,  therefore,  the  name  of  Ralph  is 
inserted  by  mistake  for  his  sons,  or  this  List  of  Serjeanties  is  of 
earlier  date  than  I  conjectured. 

1  Cartulary,  Vol.  I.,  p.  124. 

-  Trans.  Bristol  and  Glouc.  Arch.  Society.  Vol.  X.,  p.  301. 

3  Rudder's  Gloucestershire,  p.  35.1. 

4  In  the  Carucage  of  1221,  in  Cirencester  Hundred,  a  vill  of  Avenel  held 
by  William  de  Marrys,  appears  to  suggest  the  idea  that  the  family  in  that 
county  was  of  local  origin,  but  I  believe  it  to  be  a  mistranscription  of 
A  vening. 

5  Vide  Retain  1,  Xo.  IS,  Testa  de  Xevill.— Trans.  Bristol  and  Glouc. 
Arch.  Society,  Vol.  XII.,  p.  264. 

6  Close  Roll,  2nd  John. 

7  Vide  Pedigree  of  the  Avenels  of  Gloucestershire,  by  Sir  John  Maclean, 
Appendix  to  his  Paper  on  the  Manor  of  Bicknor. —  Trans.  Bristol  and  Glouc. 
Arch.  Society,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  318, 


16  Transactions  for  the  Year  1888-9. 

4.  William,  son  of  Geoffrey  de  Dene,  by  the  same. 

No  doubt  the  William  de  Dene,  who  was  one  of  the  jurors  for 
the  Liberty  of  the  Forest  in  1248,  and  died  seized  of  the  manor 
of  Great  Dean,  within  the  Forest  of  Dean  in  1259.1 

5.  Robert  de  Aubemarle,  by  serjeanty. 

The  Gloucestershire  family  of  this  name  was  apparently  an 
offshoot  of  that  in  Devonshire,  which  sprung  from  Robert  de 
Albamarla,  who  held  a  score  of  manors  in  the  latter  county  at 
Domesday.  On  the  Pipe  Roll  of  17th  Hen.  III.  (Glouc.)  Willia?n 
de  Albamara  rendered  account  of  10  marks  for  having  sasine  of 
the  land  of  Rowarton  (i.e.  Ruardean,  one  of  the  forest  bailiewicks), 
which  his  father  Robert  held  from  the  King  by  serjeanty.  This 
again  seems  to  shew  that  the  list  is  of  earlier  date  than  the  rest 
of  Return  8,  but  the  explanation  may  be  that  the  manor  was  not 
transferred  to  the  son's  name  till  his  relief  was  paid.  William  had  a 
younger  brother  of  the  name  of  Robert,  whose  daughters  succeeded 
to  Ruardean  on  their  father's  death  in  40th  Henry  III.,2  but  it  is 
scarcely  probable  that  this  Robert,  junior,  should  have  inherited 
within  the  space  of  two  years. 

6.  Godfrey  de  Boxclive  by  serjeanty. 

I  have  failed  to  trace  the  connection  of  this  family  with  any 
particular  bailiewick,  but  it  resided  near  the  Forest,  for  the  jurors 
of  Blideslaw  Hundred  in  1221  make  a  presentment  as  to  William 
de  Boxclixe,  who  had  been  slain,  and  James  and  Martin  de 
Boxclive,  are  pledges  for  the  prosecution.3 

7.  John  de  Lascy,  by  serjeanty. 

Orde  Lacu,  as  printed  in  Return  No.  11,  doubtless  more  cor- 
rectly, as  one  of  the  Bailiewicks  of  the  Forest  was  so  called.  In 
1221  the  jurors  present  the  "  Serjeanty  of  the  Lake  "as  in  the 
King's  hands,  and  in  the  custody  of  John  de  Monmouth,4  which 

1  See  Sir  John  Maclean's  History  of  the  Manors  of  Dene  Magna  and 
Abenhall,  and  a  pedigree  of  Dene  and  descendants. — Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc. 
Arch.  Society,  Vol.  VI.,  pp.  123-209.     Inq.  p.m,  43rd  Hen.III.   No.  18. 

2  See  Sir  John  Maclean's  History  of  Ruardean. — Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc. 
Arch.  Society,  Vol.  VIII. 

3  Pleas  of  the  Crown  for  the  County  of  Glouc.  in  5th  Henry  III.,  edit. 
F.  W.  Maitland. 

4  Pleas  of  the  Crown  for  the  County  of  Gloucester,  5th  Henry  III. — 
Edit.  F.  W.  Maitland. 


Testa  de  Nevill.  17 

is  continued  by  an  entry  in  the  carucage  of  that  year  under  the 
heading  "Liberty  of  the  Forest  of  Dean."1  William  de  Lacu 
was  a  juror  for  that  Liberty  in  1248.  Nicholas  de  Lacu  held  in 
the  time  of  Edw.  I.,  when  the  manor  was  known  as  "the  Lea."2 

8.  John  Blund,  by  serjeanty. 

I  presume  a  scion  of  the  Blunts  of  Aure,  who  were  better 
known  by  the  latter  surname.  John  Blund  held  in  St.  Briavels  in 
1248,  and  was  among  the  jurors  for  the  Liberty  of  the  Forest  of 
Dean  in  the  same  year. 

9.  Elias  Rudele,  by  serjeanty. 

He  no  doubt  took  his  name  from  Rodley,  in  Westbury 
Hundred.  Ralph  de  Rodley  attended  the  assizes  in  1221  as  one 
of  the  verderers  (viridarii)  to  present  complaints  from  the  Forest,3 
and  there  was  one  of  the  same  name  connected  with  it  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  I.4 

10.  Walter,  son  of  Walter,  by  serjeanty. 

Doubtless  the  then  head  of  the  Aure  family,  who  having,  ap- 
parently, been  a  minor  in  1221,  had  succeeded  since,  both  to  the 
Ferm  of  Aure  and  to  the  twenty  shillings'  worth  of  land  in  that 
manor  which  was  held  by  the  serjeanty  of  waiting  in  the  King's 
chamber.5 

11.  Richard  de  Blechesdon,  by  serjeanty. 

This  family  derived  its  surname  from  a  vill  in  Westbuiy 
Hundred.6  Baderon  de  Blechesdon  held  it  in  4th  John,7  and 
Richard,  probably  his  son,  was  one  of  the  verderers  who  repre- 
sented the  Forest  in  1221.8  From  this  point,  as  will  be  seen, 
information  is  added  in  each  case  in  the  Return  as  to  the  nature 
of  the  service.     In  the  three  first,  vizt. — 

1  Testa  de  Nevill,  p.  79b. 

2  Rudder's  History. 

3  Pleas  of  the  Crown  for  the  County  of  Glouc,  5th  Hen.  III. 

4  Rudder's  History. 

5  See  Return  1 ,  where  this  Walter's  grandfather  is  referred  to  as  Walter 
Blund  of  Aure. —Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Society,  Vol.  XII.,  p.  287. 

6  Gloucestershire  Carucage  of  1221,  Testa  de  Nevill,  p.  79. 

7  Pedes  Finium  in  Anno. 

8  Pleas  of  the  Crown  for  the  County  of  Gloucester,  5th  Henry  III. 

Vol.  XIV.         c 


18  TRANSACTION'S    FOR   THE    Vk.AR    1889-90. 

12.  Peter  de  Kingeshome,  by  serjeanty  of  keeping  the  King's  door. 

13.  Osbert  de  Grava,  by  archery — land  in  Upton. 

14.  Heirs  of  Isaac  de  Stradewy — by  100  arrows 

It  is  worth  noting  that  the  entries  repeat  in  an  abbreviated 
form  those  on  Return  No.  I1  (marked  likewise  as  from  "Testa  de 
Nevill  "),  no  allusion  being  made  to  the  changes  of  name  in  the 
later  holders  of  the  serjeanty  as  indicated  by  Return  3.  These 
have  already  been  fully  described. 

15.  Hugh  de  Kylpecke  holds  Little  Tainton  by  serjeanty — of  which 
the  Canons  of  Stodleye  :?  hold  half  a  virgate  from  him  in  alms. 

In  Domesday,  "  Tatinton  "  (identified  with  the  above  manor) 
was  held  by  William,  son  of  Norman,  Hugh's  progenitor.  It  was 
"  free  land,"  and  worth  20s.,  but  a  virgate  lay  on  the  Forest  (of 
Dene)  and  paid  12d.  William's  land  in  Dene  was  held  free  on  con- 
dition of  keeping  that  forest,  but  Little  Taynton  was  held  by  his 
descendant  by  the  serjeanty  of  keeping  the  Hay  of  Hereford,  that 
is  the  woodland  around  that  city."4 

16.  Richard  de  la  Mare — holds  a  certain  portion  of  land  by  the 
serjeanty  of  keeping  the  King's  door. 

"  Many  others  are  concerned  in  the  same  service  through  him." 

The  Gloucestershire  portion  of  the  lands,  held  in  virtue  of  this 
serjeanty  was  at  Wenrich,  in  Slaughter  Hundred.  It  appears  to 
have  been  already  alienated  and  subdivided,  but  fuller  particulars 
on  the  subject  will  be  given  hereafter,  Avhen  1  come  to  discuss 
Return  No.  11. 

17.  John  Archer,  two  carucates  in  Stoke  by  the  service  of  archery. 

According  to  a  Return  of  the  time  of  King  John,  to  be  found 
in  the  "  Testa,"  at  page  42,  under  Worcestershire,  John  the  Archer 
held  five  hides  in  Stoke  of  the  King,  and  the  King  from  the  Bishop 
(of  Worcester)  by  the  serjeanty  of  archery.     Originally,  no  doubt, 

1  Vide  Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Soc,  Vol.  XII.,  p.  288-9. 

2  Vide  Ditto,  Vol.  XII.,  p.  299  and  302. 

3  Hugh  was  in  ward  to  William  de  Cantilupe,  patron  of  Stodley  Priory, 
until  his  coming  of  age  in  1216.  He  died  in  1244,  when  his  estates  went  to 
his  two  daughters. 

4  Plac.  Coron,  32nd  Hen.  III.,  Rot.  10  in  dorso. 


Testa  df.  Nevill.  19 

the  service  had  to  be   performed  in  person,  but  it  had  resolved 
itself  into  the  obligation  of  finding  a  bowman  for  forty  clays  to 
follow  the  King's  army  within  the  four  seas  of  England  :  in  time 
of  war. 
18.  John  Blund,  lands  in  Walcworth  by  the  serjeanty  of  carrying 

writs  (Brevia). 
Otherwise  Walsworth,  a  hamlet  in  King's  Barton,  which  seems 
to  have  been  farmed  by  the  bearers  of  writs  when  Gloucester 
was  a  Royal  residence.  Ralph  de  Walsworth  held  2  virgates  there 
by  this  service  in  53rd  Hen.  III.,  and  Adam  de  Arderne  1  virgate 
there,  later.2  Probably  John  Blund  was  predecessor  of  one  or  other. 

After  this  entry  comes  a  note,  apparently  inserted  by  the 
copyist,  to  the  effect  that  "  In  other  counties  through  the  fore- 
going Inquisitions  nothing  is  found  as  to  this  Inquisition  concern- 
ing serjanties,"  3  meaning,  I  take  it,  that  he  has  not  found  by  the 
Returns  of  the  Aid  of  1235  for  other  counties  any  notice  of 
assessments  on  serjeanties  ; — a  statement  which,  so  far  as  I  have 
searched,  is  accurate. 

The  copyist  then  proceeds  without  comment  to  make  the 
twelve  entries  as  to  amounts  assessed  upon  the  religious  houses 
in  Gloucestershire  for  the  same  Aid,  beginning  with  "The  Prior 
of  Ashley,"  and  ending  with  "  The  Abbot  of  St.  Augustine's, 
Bristol,"  as  already  cited  in  my  former  paper.4  As  these  do  not 
require  to  be  repeated,  I  pass  to 

RETURN  No.  9, 

"  Aid  of  the  Prelates  granted  to  the  King  against  his  crossing 
into  Gascony  in  the  26th  year  of  his  reign." 
This  is  an   extract  of   so  much  as   relates  to  the   County   of 
Gloucester,  of  a  Roll  bearing  this  title,  but  including  the  whole 
of  England,  which  is  still  preserved  at  the  Record  Office.5 

1  Vide  Inq.  ad  quod  damnum,  taken  at  Gloucester  25th  Edw.  III.  (2nd 
Nov.  1350),  Calendar  No.  47. 

2  See  Fosbroke,  Vol.  I.,  p.  23S. 

3  "  In  aliis  comitatibus  per  inquisitiones  premissas,  nicliil  p  inquisionem 
istam  invenitur  de  Serjanterijs." 

4  Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Society,  Vol.  XIII.,  p.  354. 

5  See  a  Paper  by  me  in  the  Genealogist,  Vol.V.,  No.  16,  on  the  mode  in 
which  the  Testa  de  Nevill  was  compiled. 

C   2 


20  TRANSACTION'S   FOR   THE    YEAR    1889-90. 

Henry  III.  having,  in  February,  1242,  been  refused  a  subsidy 
by  his  nobles,  raised  such  funds  as  he  could,  and  sailed  for  his 
Continental  dominions  after  Easter,  with  a  view  of  supporting 
his  step-father,  Hugh  Count  de  Marche,  in  his  revolt  against  the 
French  King.1 

The  Aid  above  referred  to  was  in  all  probability  not  granted 
until  after  his  departure,  for  the  Lords  Spiritual  had  concurred 
with  the  Lords  Temporal  in  this  refusal,  though  they  gave  way 
subsequently,  at  the  instance  it  may  be  inferred  of  the  Archbishop 
of  York,-  who  was  left  Guardian  of  the  Kingdom.  It  would  seem, 
however,  as  if  in  lieu  of  a  regular  assessment,  each  prelate  had 
agreed  merely  to  give  as  much  as  his  House  could  afford.  Only 
eight  indeed  contributed  in  Gloucestershire,  vizt. — 

1.  Abbot  of  Winchcumbe 

2.  Abbot  of  Gloucester 

3.  Abbot  of  Cirencester 

4.  Prior  of  Lanthony  .... 

5.  Abbot  of  Tewkesbury      .... 

6.  Prior  of  Newent  .... 

7.  Prior  of  Deerhurst  - 

8.  Abbot  of  St.  Augustine's,  Bristol     - 

and  it  will  be  found  by  a  comparison  of  these  amounts  with  those 
in  Return  No.  8,  that  no  uniform  ratio  existed  between  the  con- 
tributions of  the  same  religious  houses  at  the  two  periods.  Thus 
in  the  first  case,  the  amount  payable  in  1242  was  half  as  much 
more  than  in  1235.  In  the  third,  fifth,  and  eighth  cases  it  was 
precisely  the  same.  In  the  second  and  the  seventh  it  was  half ; 
whilst  in  the  sixth  it  was  three-fifths,  and  in  the  fourth,  three- 
eighths  only.  The  Priories  of  Ashley,  Horsley  and  Beckford, 
which  appear  in  the  list  of  1235,  are  omitted.  The  result  is  that 
the  total  was  but  166  marks  =  £110  8s.  8d.  instead  of  as  before 
273£  marks  =  189  2s.  3d. 

1  Matthew  Paris,  Vol.  IV. 

2  Walter  de  Gray,  who  had  held  that  dignity  from  the  commencement  of 
the  reign,  and  was  a  man  of  great  influenee.  The  Archbishopric  of  Canter- 
bury was  in  the  King's  hand. 


15 

marks 

50 

)> 

30 

«j 

15 

j> 

20 

)> 

6 

?> 

10 

>> 

20 

9> 

Testa  de  Nevjll.  21 

The  inequalities,  moreover,  in  the  Gloucestershire  payments 
are  trifling  compared  with  those  discoverable  in  a  supplementary 
Return  printed  among  "Returns  from  Divers  Counties  "  almost 
at  the  end  of  the  Testa  (p.  412)  under  the  heading  :  "  In  Account 
of  the  Aid  for  the  crossing  of  the  King  into  Gascony,"  wherein,  to 
take  Lincolnshire,  the  Prior  of  Bakemere  is  entered  for  one  mark, 
and  the  Prior  of  St.  Swithin  comes  next  for  two  hundred  ;  whilst 
the  Prior  of  Parva  Lude  (Louth)  gives  a  single  palfrey,  against 
three  palfreys  given  by  the  Abbot  of  Fountains,  Yorkshire. 
Altogether  the  accounts  are  more  like  those  of  a  "  Benevolence  " 
than  an  Aid  levied  in  the  ordinary  manner.  Another  sign  too  is 
that  payments  in  several  instances  were  not  made  at  the  Ex- 
chequer in  the  usual  form,  but  are  specially  noted  as  having  been 
handed  to  Peter  Chacepore  (the  King's  clerk)  in  the  wardrobe. 

RETURN  No.  10. 
Although  the  Return  which  follows  No.  9  has  been  headed  (pro- 
bably by  the  Exchequer  copyist  of  the  14th  century)  as  if  it  related 
to  serjeanties,1  its  proper   title  is  evidently  that   set  out  lower 
down. 

"  Receipts  of  the  Scutage  of  Gascony  from  the  Bailiwick  of 
Cirencester,"  the  latter  phrase  meaning  the  "  Seven  Hundreds  2" 
farmed  by  the  abbey  of  that  place  from  the  Crown. 

After  an  inglorious  campaign,  ending  in  a  truce  for  four  years 
with  King  Louis,  Henry  took  up  his  winter  quarters  at  Bordeaux, 
where  the  expense  of  supporting  his  troops  was  so  heavy,  that  he 
had  recourse  to  the  usual  expedient  of  taxing  his  tenants  in 
capite  at  home.  Rapin,  the  only  English  historian  who  adverts 
to  the  matter,  states  at  the  commencement  of  his  narrative  for 
1243,3  that  the  archbishop,  under  orders  from  his  Royal  master, 
obtained  of  the  parliament  a  scutage  of  20s.  on  every  knight's  fee. 
Bishop   Stubbs,4  in  the  absence  of  evidence  as  to  parliamentary 

1  The  primary  heading  :  "  Serjantie  mutate  in  Servicia  Militaria."  Hen. 
de  Monenue  1  am  partem  Wills  Wyberd  1  am  partem  "  must  have  been 
copied  by  mistake  from  some  Return  not  now  extant. 

s  Vizt.,  Cirencester,  Bradley,  Britwoldsbury,  Bisley,  Rapsgate,  Langtree 
and  Whitston. 

3  Vol.  III.,  p.  76.  *  "  Select  Charters." 


22  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SSJ-90. 

sanction,  suggests  that  the  tax  was  exacted  by  an  exercise  of  the 
Royal  prerogative  alone.1  This  accords  with  the  charge  of 
"extortion"  brought  against  the  King  by  Matthew  Paris,  from 
whose  Chronicle  it  may  be  further  gathered  that  the  order  was 
issued  at  Michaelmas,  1242,  and  that  not  20,  but  40,  shillings  per 
fee  was  the  amount  to  be  collected.-  The  latter  assertion  is 
corroborated  by  this  Return  (No.  10),  in  which  all  payments 
credited  are  at  the  higher  rate,  another  instance  being  thus 
afforded  where  the  "Testa  de  Kevill  "  serves  to  clear  up  a  doubt- 
ful historical  point. 

Whether  the  circumstance  of  these  payments  being  accounted 
for  through  the  Abbot  of  Cirencester,  instead  of  by  two  lay 
collectors  as  in  1235,  indicates  that  the  influence  of  the  church 
was  as  far  as  possible  employed  in  collecting  an  obnoxious  impost, 
there  is  not  evidence  to  decide,  this  being  the  sole  Return  in  the 
Testa  for  a  particular  county.  This  may  perhaps  be  attributable 
to  the  fact  that  such  accounts  must  in  the  main  have  been  but  a 

1  That  Henry  had  resolved  to  adopt  this  course  even  before  he  left 
England  is  clearly  shown  by  his  having  on  1st  May  issued  writs  at  West- 
minster granting  permission  to  the  nobles  who  were  to  accompany  him,  to 
levy  a  scutage  on  their  own  tenants.  The  Roll  on  which  these  writs  were 
engrossed  is  in  the  Record  Office.  It  is  entitled  "  Scutagium  concessum  ad 
transfretandum  domini  Regis  Henrici  filii  Johannis  in  Vasconiani — anno 
regni  ipsius  Regis  H.  xxvi.,  militibus  subscriptis  qui  cum  rege  venerunt. " 
Read  between  the  lines  it  throws  light  in  many  ways  on  the  situation.  He 
styles  his  brother  Richard  for  example  not  only  Earl  of  Cornwall,  but  Earl  of 
Poictou,  the  cause  of  his  quarrel  with  France,  whilst  the  disinclination  of 
the  Baronage  to  espouse  that  quarrel  is  shown  by  the  small  number  who 
went  (77  in  all),  and  by  the  length  of  time  which  elapsed  before  some  of 
them  followed  him, — Simon  de  Montfort  not  getting  his  writ  until  the  25th 
June,  and  others  as  late  as  the  28th  August  at  Bordeaux,  when  the  campaign 
was  over  !  It  need  only  be  added  that  the  concessions  are  expressly  stated 
to  be  "  de  dono  regis,"  without  allusion  to  council  or  parliament.  The  last, 
however,  to  Geoffrey  le  Despenser,  for  a  fee  which  he  held  in  ward,  is  said 
to  be  granted  "  at  the  time  when  it  was  provided  that  a  scutage  should 
be  given  in  the  Kingdom  of  England,"  which  almost  looks  as  if  the  Royal 
edict  had  eventually  received  some  sort  of  sanction. 

-  After  a  paragraph  in  which  the  above  date  is  mentioned,  the  Cotton 
MSS.  has  eodem  tempore  scutagium  per  totam  Angliam  (viginti)  solidos  de 
(scuto)  Rex  Anglie  sibi  fecit  extorqueri," — the  words  between  brackets 
being  blank  in  the  text,  but  added  in  the  mai'gin  ;  whereas  the  MSS.  in 
the  library  of  Corpus  Christi  College  states  the  amount  as  "  tres  marcas," 
which  is  clearly  correct. 


Testa  de  Nevill.  23 

repetition  of  the  collection  made  at  the  same  rate  in  1235,  not, 
however,  without  appreciable  differences,  as  shewn  by  a  Return 
for  the  County  of  Kent  at  page  416  in  the  Testa,  which  is  headed  : 
"  These  are  in  the  Aid  for  marrying  the  King's  sister,  but  not  in 
the  Scutage  of  Gascony." 

It  should  perhaps  be  added  that  the  Return  for  Divers  Coun- 
ties, at  p.  412,  already  alluded  to,  might  be  taken  to  prove  that 
there  ivere  lay  collectors,  since  it  begins  by  naming  Sir  Robert 
Passelew,  and  Nigel  the  Clerk,  as  rendering  account  for  Hamp- 
shire, to  the  extent  of  £14  Is.;  but  the  former  was  the  King's  sub- 
Treasurer,  and  the  latter,  no  doubt,  an  Exchequer  official,  so  that 
they  probably  were  acting  ministerially  ;  whilst  as  regards  the 
other  counties  noted  in  the  margin,  no  collectors  are  named.  In 
fact  the  lay  contributors  mentioned  seem  to  have  been  for  the 
most  part  custodes  of  the  lands  of  minors,  subject,  of  course,  to 
pressure  from  the  Crown. 

Proceeding  after  this  digression  to  an  examination  of  the  Return 
it  will  be  found,  comformably  with  its  second  title,  to  contain  a  list 
of  the  names  of  certain  sub-feofees  in  the  Hundreds  around  Ciren- 
cester, with  the  sums  l'eceived  from  each.  The  entries  run  as 
follow  : — 

1.  From  Ralph  de  Leche  for  a  whole  fee  in  Eastlech  of  the  fief1 

of  the  Earl  of  Gloucester,  40s. 

Ralph  de  Leche  was  in  1248  one  of  the  jurors2  of  Brit- 
woldesbury,  in  which  this  fee  was  situated,  and  in  1285  a  person 
of  the  same  name,  perhaps  his  son,  held  it  of  Herbert  de  St. 
Quinton,  and  Herbert  of  the  Earl  of  Gloucester.3  In  1346,  John 
de  Leeche  is  said  to  hold  the  lands  and  tenements  in  Eastleach 
and  Twining,  which  had  been  Ralph's,  as  the  fourth  part  of  a  fee.4 

2.  From  Richard  de  Baggindon  for  half  a  fee,  and  the  twelfth 
part  of  one  fee  in  Baggindon,  of  the  fief  of  Roger  de  Chandos, 
23s.  4d. 

1  I  translate  feodum  "  fief  "  when  used  in  this  wider  sense,  in  order  to 
avoid  confusion. 

2  Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Society,  Vol.  X.,  p.  305. —A  Gloucester- 
shire Jury  List  of  the  13th  century. 

3  Idem  ,  Vol.  XL,  p.  143— Kiiby's  Quest. 

*  Idem.,  Vol.  X.,  p.  2S3.-A.id  for  Knighting  the  Black  Prince. 


24  Transactions  fok  the  Year  1883-90. 

The  subinfeudation  of  the  Baggindons  in  the  manor  from 
which  they  derived  their  surname,  has  been  already  mentioned  in 
the  notice  of  Roger  de  Chandos  in  a  previous  paper.1  It  lasted 
upwards  of  a  century  longer,  for  in  the  Return  for  Cirencester 
Hundred  in  1346,  a  Richard  de  Baggyndon  held  the  half  and 
twelfth  part  of  a  fee  there  2  which  his  predecessor  of  the  same 
name  had  done  in  the  time  of  Edward  I. 

3.   From  Cecilia  de  Evereus  and  Galiena  de  Turvill  for  two  fees 

in  Estlech  of  the  rief  of  Walter  de  Lacy,  £i. 

It  may  be  surmised  that  these  ladies  were  sisters,  and  that  as 
the  manor  they  held  conjointly  in  Britwoldesbury  Hundred  was 
known  as  Eastleach-'iWvi/e, — the  former  had  changed  her  name 
through  marriage.  The  two  fees  thus  held  of  Walter  de  Lacy 
are  apparently  those  for  which  Henry  le  Fleming  answered  in  the 
Aid  of  1235,8  and  it  might  have  been  assumed  that  they  were  at. 
that  date  in  ward  to  him  together  with  the  heiresses,  were  there 
not  circumstances  tending  to  prove  that  the  latter  had  long  ere 
that  passed  their  minority.  As  regards  the  first,  the  fact  of  the 
manor  being  styled  "  Lecche  Cecilia"  in  the  Carucage  of  1221, 
looks  as  if  she  were  in  possession  even  then,  and  this  idea  is 
corroborated  by  finding  that  about  the  middle  of  the  century  she 
had  a  grown  up  son,  Nicholas,4  to  share  her  inheritance,  which  ex- 
tended into  several  counties.  I  imagine  that  she  was  the  second 
wife  of  Stephen  d'Evei'eux,5  the  name  of  whose  son  and  heir, 
William,  often  stands  next  to  hers  in  these  Returns. 

Galiena  de  Turvile  seems  to  have  been  of  age  still  earlier,  for 
so  far  back  as  1213  she  transferred  by  fine  6  the  manor  of  Norton 
to  her  sister  Dionisia,  widow  of  William  de  Berkeley  of  Cobberly, 
who  is   known  to  have  been  a  daughter  of   Robert  de  Turvile." 

1  Idem.,  Vol.  XIII.,  p.  340. 

-  Mem.,  Vol.  X.,  p.  281. 

3  Idem.,  Vol.  XIII.,  p.  327. 

4  Vide  Testa  de  Nevill,  p.  414.     I  am  not  sure  of  the  date  of  the  Return 
in  which  he  is  mentioned.     Possibly  it  may  not  be  earlier  than  1260. 

5  Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Society,  Vol.  XIII.,  339. 

6  Pedes  Finium,  Glouc,  15th  John,  No.  66.— Though  bound  up  with  the 
Fines  of  that  county,  I  believe  it  to  relate  to  Chipping  Norton,  Oxfordshire. 

7  Vide  Cal.  Inq.  p.m.,  27 th  Henry  III.,  No.  26.— On  Giles  de  Berkeley. 


Testa  de  Nevill.  25 

Galiena  was  also  a  joint-tenant  of  two  fees  in  Wilts,  under  John 
fitz  Geoffrey,  and  held  in  capite  the  vill  of  Hosington,  in  Hants, 
as  a  tenth  of  a  fee  in  which  Jordan  la  Ware  had  been  sub-enfeoffed. 

4.  From  Gilbert  de  Schipton  for  one  fee  in  Schipton  of  the  fief  of 

William  the  Monk  (Monachus),  40s. 

This  was  not  the  knight's  fee  which  William  le  Moine  held  by 
serjeanty  in  the  same  vill,  but  another  held  by  military  service, 
wherein  the  family  whose  surname  was  taken  from  it,  as  above 
shewn,  had  long  before  been  sub-enfeoffed.  Probably  indeed  they 
descended  from  Rumbald,  the  sub-tenant  who  held  10  hides  plus 
1  hide  in  Seipetune  at  the  time  of  the  Domesday  Survey,  for  it 
was  a  Gilbert,  son  of  Rumbald,  who  in  1199  fined  100s.  to  be 
recognised  by  Robert  le  Moyne  as  feoffee  of  the  two  knights'  fees 
held  of  him  at  Scipton.1 

This  arrangement  was  so  far  modified  in  1210  that  Gilbert 
agreed  to  resign  the  advowson  of  the  church  of  Scipton  to  Ralph 
le  Moyne,  who  thereupon  diminished  the  service  by  half  a  knight's 
fee,  and  also  gave  up  a  virgate  of  land  and  a  messuage  situated 
between  their  respective  manor  houses.2 

When  and  why  the  service  was  further  reduced  to  that  of  a 
single  knight  does  not  appear,  but  it  was  no  mere  temporary 
concession,  since  in  1285  it  was  found  that  William  le  Moyne 
held  in  Skipton  by  the  serjeanty  of  being  the  King's  larderer,  and 
that  Gilbert  de  Skipton  held  one  knight's  fee  in  the  same  vill, 
from  the  aforesaid  William.3  The  history  of  the  serjeanty  will  be 
traced  when  we  come  to  Return  No.  11. 

5.  From  William  de  Mara  for  two  and  a  half  fees,  and  the  third 
part  of  a  fee  in  Rindcoinbe,  Cerney,  Kalemundesdon,  and 
Truesbiri,  of  the  fief  of  the  Earl  of  Gloucester,  113s.  4d. 

Rendcombe  and  North  Cerney,  of  which  latter  Calmesden  is 
a  hamlet,  are  in  the  Hundred  of  Rapsgate  ;  belonged  to  the 
same  owner  at  Domesday  ;  and  descended   together  afterwards. 

1  Pedes  Finium,  Glouc,  1st  John,  No.  22. 

2  Idem.,  12th  John,  No.  65. 

3  Kirby's  Quest— Hundred  de  Langtre.  —  Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch. 
Society,  Vol.  XL,  p.  152. 


og  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

Trewesbury,  in  the  parish  of  Cotes,  Cirencester  Hundred,  may 
have  constituted  the  third  of  a  fee  spoken  of  ;  but  if  so,  the  Earl's 
small  manor  in  Cotes  must  have  been  reckoned  with  it,  for  it  was 
only  half  a  hide.  Both  had  belonged  to  Gislebert  fitz  Turold  at 
Domesday,  and  usually  passed  as  one  holding. 

With  regard  to  William  de  Mara,  the  great  fief  of  Mara  in 
the  Commune  of  Antretot,  in  Normandy,  had  given  a  surname  to 
its  lords  before  the  Conquest,  and  the  Sire  de  la  Mare  is  included 
by  Wace  among  those  who  fought  at  Hastings,  The  name,  how- 
ever, does  not  appear  among  the  tenants  in  capite  at  the  time  of 
the  Great  Survey,  although  there  is  reason  to  infer  that  William 
son  of  Norman,  the  ancestor  of  the  lords  of  Kilpeck,  was  entitled 
to  bear  it.1  What  is  certain  is  that  before  1123  Walter  of 
Gloucester,  father  of  Milo,  afterwards  Earl  of  Hereford,  gave  to 
William  de  Mara,  his  nephew,  two  fees  in  Little  Hereford  ; 2  and 
further  that  in  1165,  Robert  de  Mara,  who  can  be  shown  to  have 
been  that  William's  successor,  held  ten  fees  of  William  Earl  of 
Gloucester.3  The  latter  must  have  included  those  here  mentioned 
in  Rendcombe,  for  he  gave  lands  in  that  vill  to  Bruern  Abbey,  co. 
Oxon  ;  a  donation  which  was  confirmed,  and  probably  enlarged, 
by  another  William  de  Mara,  presumably  Robert's  son,  between 
1171  and  1183.4 

The  William  de  Mara  of  this  Return  was,  of  course,  of  a  still 
later  generation.  His  descendants  continued  to  hold  the  same 
manors  under  the  Earls  of  Gloucester  for  upwaixls  of  a  hundred 
years  after  its  date,  for  in  1285,5  a  William  de  la  Mare  is  found 
holding  Rendcombe  of  the  Earl  as  three  fees,  as  also  Trewsbury 
as  the  tenth  part  of  a  fee  ;  whilst  in  1346  6  Thomas  de  la  Mare 
and  his  tenants  paid  the  aid  for  two  knights'  fees  in  Rendcombe. 

6.  From  William  de  Lesseberg  for  one  knight's  fee,  in  Lesseberge, 
of  the  fief  of  William  de  Kaines,  40s. 

1  Vide  Roll  of  Battle  Abbey,  by  the  Duchess  of  Cleveland,  Vol. II. ,  p.  192. 

2  Vide  Ancient  Charters,  edited  by  J.  Horace  Round,  Esq.,  part  1,  No.  11. 

3  Liber  Niger,  Vol.  I.,  p.  160. 

4  Ancient  Charters  ut  supra,  No.  45. 

6  Kirby's  Quest. — Trans.  Bristol  &  Gloucester  Arch.  Society,  Vol.  XI. 
s  Aid  for  Knighting  the  Black  Prince,  ditto,  Vol.  X. 


Testa  de  Nevill.  27 

The  William  de  Kavnes  mentioned  in  Return  No.  1  l  as  hold- 
ing  two  knights'  fees  of  the  king  (John),  died  in  6th  Henry  III.,2 
leaving  his  son  and  heir  of  the  same  name  a  child,  in  ward  at 
first  to  the  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  but  later,  apparently,  to  Simon  de 
Montfort,  to  whom  an  order  regarding  him  was  addressed  in  19th 
Henry  III.3    His  minority  accounts  for  the  absence  of  the  second 
William  de  Kaynes  from  the  list  of  those  who  paid  the  aid  of 
that  year,  but  he  had  clearly  come  of  age  before  1242.     As  the 
Kaynes  family  resided  in  Somersetshire,  their  sub-feofees  at  Las- 
borough  seem  to  have  become  practically  independent,   An  earlier 
William   de  Lasborough  had  bestowed  a  hide  out   of  it  on  St. 
Augustine's,  Bristol,4  and  the  one  here  mentioned,  who  was  appoint- 
ed Sheriff*  of  Gloucestershire  in  1255,  obtained  in  the  following 
year  a  grant  of  free  warren  5  over  his  demesne  lands  in  the  manor, 
the  existence  of  his  overlord  not  being  even  alluded  to.     In  the 
Inquisition  on  his  death,  however,  in  1260,  he  is  stated  to  have 
held  a  fee  in  Lasseberge  worth  twenty  marks  per  annum  of  Sir 
William   de  Kaynes  by  the  service  of  one  knight.6     His   only 
daughter  and  sole  heiress,  Agatha,  then  twenty  years  of  ago,  was 
married  to  Henry,  son  and  heir  of  William  cle  Dene,  which  Henry 
is  recorded  in  Kirby's  Quest  as  holding  the  fee  of  the  heirs  of 
Robert  de  Kaynes."     Another  William  de  Dene  succeeded,  after 
whose  death  in  1310  s  a  third  had  livery  of  his  inheritance  in 
Dene  on   14th   October  in  the  last   named  year.     This  William 
died  in  1319  9  leaving  two  daughters  and  coheirs,  Isabel  five  years 
old,  and  Joan  aged  only  one  month,  whose  wardship  and  marriage 
fell  to  the  King,10  as  the  lands  in  Great  Dean  were  held  of  him  in 
capite.   The  Manor  of  Lasborough  was  found  on  the  same  occasion 
to  have  been  held  by  William  of  Hugh  le  Despencer,  senior.     By 
what  means  its  overlordship  had  been  wrested  from  the  De  Kaynes 

1  Testa  de  Nevill.-  Trans. Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Society, Vol.  XII.  p. 267. 
-  Excerpta  e  Rot.  Fin.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  82. 
3  Excerp'  e  Rot.  Finium,  Vol.  I.,  p.  275. 
*  Fosbroke,  Vol.  I.,  p.  408. 

5  See  Charter  of  Inspeximus  on  Patent  Roll,  4th  Rich.  II. 

6  Inq.  p.  m.  45th  Hen.  III.  No.  20. 

7  See  Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Soc,  Vol.  X..  p.  152. 

8  Writ  of  "  Diem  Clausit  Extremum  "  dated  7th  Edw.  II.  Rot.  Fin. 

9  Inq.  p.  m.  12th  Edw.  II.  No.  31. 
10  Ibid. 


2S  Transactions  tor  the  Year,  1889-90. 

family,  I  have  not  discovered,1  but  this  had,  apparently,  been 
done  with  the  connivance  of  the  sub-feoffee,  since  it  is  recorded  2 
that  Hawise,  wife  of  Robert  de  Kaynes,  had,  "  as  Lad)'  of  the 
Fee,"  3  put  one  Henry  de  Lasborough  into  possession,  whilst  Hugh 
le  Despencer  supported  the  claim  of  William  de  Dene,  who  is 
styled  "  his  steward."  The  result  proved  disastrous  to  the  latter's 
infant  daughters,  for  shortly  after  his  decease,  Hugh  demised  the 
manor  by  deed  to  Geoffrey  de  Westone  (who  had  appeared  at  the 
Inquest  in  the  capacity  of  his  attorney)  to  be  held  of  him  as 
custos  till  the  minors  should  attain  the  lawful  age.4  This  arrange- 
ment lasted  till  1326,  when,  after  Hugh,  who  had  been  created 
Earl  of  Winchester,  was  beheaded,  the  custoship  was  transferred 
to  Robert  de  Gold  hull,  by  whom  Lasborough  was  shortly  after- 
wards surrendered  to  the  King's  escheator,  William  Trussell,  who 
claimed  it  as  part  of  the  Earl's  forfeited  estates.  Notwith- 
standing the  verdicts  of  jurors  after  the  Inquisitions  on  oath  in 
1327  and  1328,  whereby  it  was  distinctly  declared  that  the  manor 
was  William  de  Dene's,  and  that  Hugh  le  Despencer  had  entered 
on  it  after  William's  death  in  no  other  capacity  than  that  of 
custos  pending  the  minority  of  his  daughters,  the  claim  of  the 
Crown  seems  to  have  prevailed,  and  neither  they,  nor  the  husbands 
to  whom  they  were  subsequently  wedded,  Ralph  ap  Eynon  and 
Ralph  de  Abenhall,  ever  obtained  sasine.  How  long  it  was  kept 
by  the  escheator  does  not  appear  precisely,  but  we  find  that  in 
1346  the  aid  in  respect  to  it  was  paid  by  Thomas  de  Astern,1  who 
cannot,  however,  have  continued  in  possession  beyond  1354,  in 
which  year  a  charter  of  free  warren  over  the  lands  was  granted  to 

1  Three  years  later  Robert  de  Kaynes,  junior,  was  in  common  with  most 
of  the  Gloucestershire  Barons,  attainted  for  "  the  Pursuit  of  the  Despencers," 
After  their  downfall  he  was  pardoned,  but  never  recovered  Lasborough  nor 
the  more  important  Domain  of  Somerford-Keynes,  in  Wiltshire,  of  which  it 
had  been  made  a  dependency. 

2  See  documents  quoted  by  Fosbroke,  Vol.  I.,  p.  408. 

3  Dugdale  (Baronage,  Vol.  I.,  page  427)  says  Hawise  was  the  widow  of 
Robert  de  Kaynes,  and  the  title  here  given  to  her  looks  as  if  she  held 
Lasborough  in  dower. 

4  These  particulars  are  derived  from  an  Inquisition  in  2  Edw.  III.  No. 80. 

5  See  Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Society,  Vol.  X.,  p.  284.  It  is  not 
clear  who  he  was.  There  are  manors  so  called  both  in  Gloucestershire  and 
Somersetshire. 


Testa  IjE  Nevill.  29 

John  Basset.1  The  latter  died  in  January,  1363,  seized  "  in  demesne 
as  of  fee  of  the  King  of  the  Manor  of  Lasborough,  by  fealty  as  of 
the  demesne  of  Samford-Keynes  in  the  hand  of  the  King  existing," 
leaving  as  his  nearest  heirs  two  daughters  :  Margaret  two  years 
old,  and  Alice  one.2     This  John  was  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  Simon 
Basset 3  of  Uley,  who  survived  him  by  rather  more  than  a  year. 
He    had   received   from  his  father,   on  his   marriage,4  Wynford, 
Saltford,  and  other  manors  in  Somersetshire,  held  of  the  Honour 
of  Gloucester,  but  these,  on  his  premature  decease,  instead  of  being- 
kept  for  his  infant  heirs,  were  resumed  by  Sir  Simon,  and  retained 
by  the  latter's   second   wife,    Maude,5  daughter  of   Sir  John  de 
Bitton,  in  spite   of  protracted   litigation,  till  her  death  in  12th 
Ric.  II.,  when  she  made  them  over  to  her  surviving  son,  Edmund 
Basset  of  Uley.     It  is  unnecessary  to  give  details  of  the  contro- 
versy   or    its   issue    here,6    as    it    did    not   affect    the    Manor    of 
Lasborough,  the  custody  of  which,  including  that   of  the  minor 
heirs,  passed  in  due  course  into    the    King's    hand.     Alice,    the 
younger   of  the  two,   dying   at    the    age  of  five,    her  sister  suc- 
ceeded to   all  her  rights.7       These  passed  afterwards  to  Walter 

1  Both  Atkyns  and  Rudder  assert  this  fact,  but,  as  usual,  give  no  refer- 
ences. 

2  Inq.  p.  m.  36th  Edw.  III.  No.  19. 

s  So  described  in  Inquisition,  p.m.,  13  Ric.  II.,  No.  4. 

4  "In  dote."     See  Inquisition. 

5  Smyth  (Hundred  of  Berkeley,  p.  184)  says  Sir  Simon  had  no  children 
by  his  first  wife,  Elizabeth,  but  Maude  was  clearly  John  Basset's  step- 
mother, for  her  former  husband,  Sir  Wm,  de  la  More,  did  not  die  till  1341. 
(Herald  and  Genealogist, Vol.  IV.  p.  195,)  so  that  no  son  of  hers  by  Simon 
Basset  could  have  had  a  Charter  of  Free  Warren  in  1354,  nor  died  a  Knight 
in  1363,  with  a  daughter  2  years  old.  Moreover,  the  Chancery  Decree  in 
7th  Ric.  II.,  declares  that  she  had  no  grounds  for  occupying  Wynford,  &c, 
either  through  "affinity  or  consanguinity,"  which  could  hardly  have  been 
asserted  if  she  were  the  mother  of  the  last  owner. 

fi  It  seemed  desirable  to  advert  to  it  however,  if  only  for  the  purpose  of 
pointing  out  the  absurd  errors  into  which  Rudder  fell,  through  finding  in 
the  Calendar  several  Inquisitions,  at  distant  dates,  as  to  the  lands  held  by 
a  John  Basset,  and  not  taking  the  trouble  to  ascertain  that  they  all  related 
to  the  same  person,  who  died  on  the  Thursday  after  Epiphany  in  36  Ed.  III.; 
instead  of  referring,  as  he  does,  that  of  7th  Rich.  II.  to  a  John,  son  of  John 
Basset,  and  that  of  21st  Ric.  II.  to  a  John,  son  of  the  second,  who,  according 
to  his  idea,  was  the  fatlier  of  Margaret  —See  Rudder's  Gloucestershire  Las- 
borough, p.  5)6. 

7  See  Inq.  p.  m.  5th  Ric.  II.  No.  S.   Alice  had  died  in  41  Ed.  III.  (1367). 


30  Transactions  for  the  Year  1S89-90. 

Broun,  to  whom  the  hand  of  Margaret  was  given  soon  after 
the  commencement  of  the  reign  of  King  Richard  the  Second.  In 
1381,  on  the  plea  of  her  being  "  Cousin  and  Heir  "  1  to  the  William 
de  Lasborough  who  had,  a  hundred  and  twenty  years  previously, 
obtained  the  grant  of  free  warren  (then  exhibited),  over  his 
demesne  lands  in  Lasborough  and  Pagenhull,2  she  and  her 
husband  received  letters  patent  3  confirming  similar  privileges  to 
themselves.  The  former  manor  was  in  their  possession  till  1397, 
but  as  no  Inquisition  on  the  death  of  either  is  extant,  it  is  hard 
to  say  how  much  longer  they  held  it.  Judging  from  the  non- 
existence of  notice  of  any  subsequent  owner  for  considerably  more 
than  a  century,  it  seems  probable  that  they  left  no  issue,  and  that 
it  had  reverted  to  the  crown. 
7.   From  William   de  Rodmerton  for  the  third  part  of  a  fee  in 

Rodmerton  of  the  fief  of  William  de  Kaines,  13s.  4d. 

When  remarking  that  the  two  fees  held  by  William  de  Kaynes 
were  in  Lasborough  and  Rodmerton,4  both  in  Langtree  Hundred, 
I  overlooked  the  fact  that  his  ancestor,  Hugh  Maminot,  held 
likewise  at  Domesday  five  hides  in  Sopeberi,  which  being  in 
Grumboldsash  Hundred  is  not  included  here.  The  Revd.  Mr. 
Taylor    identifies    it    with    Little    Sodbury,5  of    which   Fosbroke 

1  Fosbroke,  on  the  strength  of  this,  represents  John  Basset  as  having 
succeeded  to  Lasborough  as  a  near  relation  of  the  Dene  family,  but  we  know 
for  certain  that  the  last  William  de  Dene  left  daughters  whose  issue  was 
still  living.  The  fact  is  that  as  the  original  giant  had  been  made  to  William 
de  Lasborough  and  his  heirs,  it  became  necessary— by  a  sort  of  legal  fiction — 
to  describe  the  actual  holders  as  being  so  !  It  was  doubtless  no  difficult 
matter  in  those  days  to  procure  an  "  Inspeximus "  upon  pi*oducing  the 
original  charter  and  paying  the  required  fee  (in  this  case  half  a  mark  was 
paid  into  the  Hanaper).  There  seems  to  have  been  no  Inquisition  by  jurors, 
although  it  was  manifestly  out  of  the  question  that  the  King  in  Council 
could  without  one,  judge  of  the  truth  of  a  complicated  descent  through  two 
or  three  families.  It  would  be  easy  to  cite  other  cases  in  which  allegations  to 
the  same  effect  were  accepted  unhesitatingly  after  the  lapse  of  several 
centuries. 

2  Otherwise  Pagan  Hall,  in  the  Parish  of  Stroud,  held  by  him  of  the  Earl 
of  Hereford.  It  went  to  the  Denes,  but  was  held  subsequently  by  John  of 
Monmouth  (Inq.  ad  quod  damnum,  28th  Edw.  III.  No.  37),  and  there  is  no 
reason  to  think  that  it  had  passed  to  John  Basset's  daughter. 

3  See  Patent  Roll  of  4th  Rich.  II.,  second  part,  mem.  16. 

4  Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Society,  Vol.  XII. ,  p.  267- 

5  Analysis  of  Domesday,  Vol.  II.,  p.  188. 


Testa  i>k  Nevill.  31 

despairingly  says  "there  is  no  mention  in  record."1  In  1346, 
however,  it  is  entered  as  being  held  as  half  a  fee  by  Jordan 
Bysshop,2  the  overlord  being,  as  usual  in  that  Return,  omitted. 

This  accounts  for  one  fee  and  five-sixths  of  a  fee  out  of  the 
original  two  fees  of  King  John's  time — the  sixth  still  missing, 
being  presumably  that  which  in  Kirby's  Quest  William  de  Red- 
merton  is  stated  to  hold  in  Roclmerton  of  the  manor  of  Tetbury.3 
How  this  portion  of  Rodmarton  had  became  detached  from  the 
rest,  and  included  in  the  great  Lordship  of  the  De  Braose  family, 
is  a  mystery,  but  the  same  thing  had  happened  in  the  case  of 
other  adjacent  manors,4  notably  that  of  Cherington,  belonging  to 
the  Honour  of  Wallingford,  in  which  this  same  William  de 
Redmarton  likewise  held  a  fifth  of  a  fee  from  William  de  Braose. 
It  looks  certainly  as  if  these  acquisitions  had  been  simultaneously 
and  amicably  effected,  at  some  period  between  the  dates  of  Returns 
Nos.  1  and  10,  at  which,  in  all  probability,  the  Barony  of  St. 
Valery,  whereof  Tetbury  was  a  member,  had  been  in  the  hand  of 
the  King.  Apparently  William  Redmerton  was  the  last  male  of 
his  line,  for  in  9th  Edward  II. ,  the  manor  had  passed  into  the 
possession  of  no  less  than  five  lords.5 

8.  From  Ralph  de  Cotes  for  one  knight's  fee  in  Cotes  of  the  fief  of 

Walter  de  Lacy,  40s. 

That  the  de  Lacy  fee  in  the  parish  of  Cotes,  Cirencester  Hun- 
dred, was  held  by  the  above-named  Ralph  in  1235,  has  been 
already  noted.6 

9.  From  Fulk  Cokerel  for  half  a  knight's  fee  in  Cotes,  of  the  fief 

of  Ralph  Russell,  20s. 

Reference  was  likewise  made  in  my  Paper  on  the  Aid  of 
1235,"  to  the  tenure  of  the  Cokerel  family  both  then  and  in  1285, 

1  Fosbroke,  Vol.  II.,  p.  29. 

2  The  Bisshop  family  had  held  for  some  time.  In  the  Nomina  Villarum 
of  1316  John  Bisshop  and  Robert  Livett  are  given  as  the  Lords  of  Sodbury 
and  Hildersley. 

3  Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Society,  Vol.  XL,  p.  152. 

4  It  will  be  seen  that  fractions  of  six  manors,  amounting  in  the  whole  to 
one  fee  and  eleven-thirtieths  had  been  added,  yet  in  1346,  Tetbury  with  its 
members  was  assessed  as  only  one  knight's  fee. 

5  Vide  Nomina  Villarum  in  Pari.  Writs. 

8  Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Society,  Vol.  XIIL,  No.  21,  p.  326. 
3  Idem.,  p.  320 


32  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

of  the  half  fee  in  the  same  parish  which  had  come  to  the  Russells 
of  Dyrham.  The  Fulk  here  mentioned  was  doubtless  son  of 
Elias  Cokerel,  whose  widow   was  their  sub-tenant  at  the  earlier 

date. 

No  mention  is  made  of  the  third  and  smaller  sub-division  of 
Cotes,  which,  since  its  forfeiture  by  Gilbert  fitz  Turold,  had  formed 
part  of  the  Honour  of  Gloucester,  but,  as  before  suggested,  it 
may  be  included  with  Trewsbury.  At  the  date  of  Kirby's  Quest, 
it  was  held  separately  of  the  then  Earl  by  a  Walter  de  Cotes  as 
one  fifth  of  a  fee. 

10.  From  Geoffrey   Martel  for  half  a  knight's  fee  in  Stowell  of 
the  fief  of  William  de  Hastings,  20s. 

The  same  overlord  and  the  same  feoffee  appear  seven  years 
before.1  The  descendants  of  the  latter  continued  to  hold  in 
Stowell,  in  Bradley  Hundred,  long  after  the  Barony  of  Eaton 
Hastings  had  passed  into  other  hands,  Adam  Martel  holding  it  in 
1346  for  a  half  fee,  as  an  ancestor  of  the  same  name  had  done  in 
1285. 

1 1 .  From  Richard  de  Hampton  for  a  knight's  fee  in  Stratton  of 
the  fief  of  Walter  de  Lacy,  40s. 

There  is  nothing  to  add  to  what  is  said  in  my  previous  Paper 
as  to  this  fee,  excepting  that  in  1346  it  had  passed  to  a  lady 
known  as  Johanna  de  Cirencester,  who  was  perhaps  heiress  of 
the  Hamptons. 

12.  From  Adam   Kaily  and  Thomas  de  Gardinis,  for  one  knight's 
fee  in  Side  and  Gardino,  of  the  fief  of  John  le  Brun,  40s. 

The  Manor  of  Side,  in  Rapsgate  Hundred,  which  had  belonged 
at  Domesday  to  Ansfrid  de  Cormeilles,  continued  in  the  possession 
of  his  descendant,  Walter  de  Cormeilles,  during  the  reign  of 
John.2  Upon  the  partition  of  the  Barony  among  Walter's 
three  daughters  in  1218,  it  must  have  gone  to  Richard  le  Brun.3 

1  Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Society,  Vol.  XIII.,  No.  317. 

2  Vide  Trans.  Bristol  and  Glouc.  Arch.  Society,  Vol.  XII.,  p.  253.  This 
effectually  disposes  of  Sir  Robert  Atkyns'  assertion  that  "Side  came  soon 
after  the  Conquest  "  to  the  Giffards  of  Brimpsrield  ;  although  it  will  be  seen 
from  what  follows  that  a  scion  of  that  House  was  sub-enfeoffed  therein 
before  the  close  of  the  12th  century,  presumably  through  marriage  with  a 
daughter  of  the  House  of  Cormeilles. 

3  Not  as  Fosbroke  suggests,  to  Hugh  Giffard,  the  husband  of  the  eldest, 
neither  of  whose  sons  inherited  an  acre  in  Side. 


Testa  df.  Nevill.  33 

who  had  married  the  second,  and  from  him  descended  to  his  son 
the  above-named  John.  The  Kaily  family — its  sub-tenants — were 
feoffees  of  the  Giffards  in  Wiltshire,1  and  had  inter-married  with 
them  on  several  occasions.  Adam,  though  apparently  only  a 
cadet,  had  obtained  the  hand  of  one  of  the  daughters  of  Richard 
Giffard,  and  succeeded  in  her  right,  on  the  death  of  Osbert  her 
brother,  to  this  sub-en  feoffment  in  Side,  as  well  as  to  an  interest 
in  lands  in  other  counties."2 

* 

The  association  of  his  name  with  that  of  Thomas  de  Gardinis 
in  this  Return,  can  mean  no  more  than  that  the  combined  holdings 
of  the  two  made  up  the  knight's  service  for  which  their  overlord 
was  answerable.  There  was  certainly  no  connection  between  the 
manors  named,  as  shown  by  their  appearing  in  Kirby's  Quest 
under  distinct  headings,  the  half  fee  in  Side  being  then  held  by 

1  Elyas  de  Kailleway  appears  in  the  Wilts  Returns  (Testa  de  Nevill,  pp. 
142  and  157)  as  joint  holder  of  four  fees  under  Elyas  Giffard  (iv),  whose 
sister  Berta  lie  had  married  :  two  of  them  are  said  to  be  in  Kaillewent,  which 
looks  as  if  the  name  were  of  territorial  origin,  though  the  "de"  is  often 
omitted.  Perhaps  it  was  derived  from  "  Caillou,"  a  flint,  as  it  is  occasionally 
spelt  so.  The  spelling  in  fact  was  so  various, — even  sometimes  in  the  same 
document,  that  no  conclusion  can  be  come  to. 

2  This  information  is  derived  principally  from  Bracton's  recently  pub- 
lished Note  Book.  In  No.  1717,  a.d.  1226,  Oxon.,  Osbert  Giffard  calls 
Elyas  Giffard  (iv)  to  warrant  a  fee  which  the  latter's  grandfather  Elyas  (in) 
had  given  to  his  nephew  Richard  Giffard  (presumably  the  Justice  Itinerant 
of  the  reign  of  Hen.  II. )  which  fee  seems  to  have  been  made  over  by  Richard's 
son  Osbert,  to  Adam  de  Kaylli  and  his  wife  Mabilia.  In  No.  671,  a.d.  1231, 
Kent,  Warin  de  Montchesney  claims  and  obtains  the  homage  of  Adam  de 
Kaylli  and  Mabilia,  as  well  as  that  of  Matilda  Giffard,  and  of  Isabella  de 
Fre\dlle,  in  respect  to  a  fee  in  that  county  ;  the  two  former  ladies  plead- 
ing that  it  had  been  granted  to  their  father  Richard  Giffard,  and  had  come 
to  thorn  on  the  decease  of  their  brother  Osbert.  The  third,  Isabella  de 
Freville,  is  shown  by  a  reference  in  Dugdale's  Baronage  (Vol.  I.,  p.  501),  to 
have  been  the  widow  of  this  Osbert  (and  not  consequently,  I  may  add,  of 
the  Osbert  supposed  by  him,  who  did  not  die  until  1247  (Cal.  Geneal.,  p. 28). 
We  are  thus  enabled  to  comprehend  the  entry  on  the  Close  Roll  of  15th 
Hen.  III.,  quoted  by  Fosbroke,  as  to  a  suit  brought  by  Ralph  de  Wylington 
and  Olimpias  his  wife,  against  the  same  defendants,  with  the  addition  of 
the  Prior  of  Lanthony,  with  regard  to  their  tenancy  of  three  hides  of  land 
in  Side.  This  was  the  extent  of  the  whole  manor  at  Domesday,  and  it  may 
be  inferred  that  Adam  de  Kaylii  and  his  wife  (called  in  the  Close  Roll 
Matilda,  probably   in  mistake  for  Mabilia)  became  seized  of  it  after  the 

Vol.  XIV.         d 


34  Transactions  fur  the  Ykar  1889-90. 

Simon  de  Caly,1  under  Simon  de  Crome,  and  that  in  Duntisborne 
and  in  "Gardino,"  by  Thomas  de  Gardinis,  jointly  with  Henry  de 
Lesa— in  both  cases  of  John  le  Brun,  son  of  the  preceding  John. 
It  may  be  inferred  from  the  second  reference  that  "  the  Garden," 
from  which  Thomas  derived  his  surname  (often  written  de  Gardino) 
was  situated  in  Duntisbourne  Lire,  the  only  one  of  the  three 
Duntisbournes  in  Rapsgate,  unless  indeed  it  were  in  Elkstone, 
an  adjacent  parish  in  that  Hundred,  in  which  in  1346  a  Thomas 
de  Gardinis  paid  for  a  quarter  of  a  fee,  John  de  Acton,  the  le 
Brun  representative,   paying  for  another.       Strange   to   say,  no 

death  of  her  sister,  and  of  her  father's  widow,  since  we  find  that  in  1255 
Matilda  Kaylli  passed  a  fine  of  half  a  knight's  fee  in  Syde,  and  of  the  fourth 
of  a  fee  in  Stoke  Giffard  and  Brimpsfelde,  in  favour  of  one  Adam  de  Crumbe, 
on  condition  of  his  paying  her  100s.  and  undertaking  the  services  required 
of  her  by  John  Giffard  and  John  le  Brun  (Pedes  Finiurn,  Glouc,  39th 
Henry  III.,  No.  420.)  There  seems  no  means  of  deciding  whether  this 
Matilda  was  the  widow,  or  the  daughter,  of  Adam  de  Kaylli.  The  tenancy 
of  Side  by  Simon  de  Caley  in  1285,  would  be  more  easily  accounted  for  on 
the  former  supposition,  but  it  seems  odd  if  she  had  a  son  that  she  should 
have  sold  the  superiority  of  the  lands, 

1  The  way  in  which  Side  shortly  after  this  date  became  the  property  of 
the  Giffards  of  Brimpsfield  is  not  altogether  clear.    In  the  General  Inquisitions 
as  to  their  Heirs,  taken  in  1st  Edw.  III.  (Cal.  Inq.  p.m.,  No.  84),  it  is  stated 
positively    that  the    manor   was  purchased  from   Adam   Caylcy   by   John 
Giffard,  senior,  and  settled  on  his  third  wife,  Margaret  Nevill.     This  mar- 
riage cannot  have  taken  place  later  than  1286,  as  her  son,  the  second  John 
Giffard,  was  born  on  Midsummer  day  in  that  year  (Calend.  Geneal.,  p.  28) 
but  the  settlement  may  have    been  post  nuptial,   and  made  at  any  time 
before  her  husband's  death  in  1299.     The  difficulty  is   that,  as  has  been 
shown,  Adam  had  then  been  dead  between  thirty  and  forty  years,  and  it 
can  only,  I  think,  be  solved  by  assuming  that  the  jurors  of  1326,  after  the 
lapse  of  nearly  as  long  a  period,  had  forgotten  that  the  christian  name  of 
the  vendor  was  in  reality  Simon.     That  juries  were  by  no  means  infallible  is 
evident,  for  in  one  of  the  two  Inquistions  as  to  Side,  in  this  very  escheat,  it  is 
affirmed  that  the  manor  was  held  of  John  de  Crome,  whilst  in  the  other  John 
Giffard  is  said  to  have  held  it  "in  demesne  as  of  fee  "  on  the  clay  he  died.   In 
neither  case  is  any  allusion  made  to  the  overlordship  of  John  le  Brun,  which 
had  evidently  ceased  to  be  more  than  nominal.     Perhaps  the  motive  of  the 
latter  declaration  was,  that  Side,  having  been  made  over  by  Margaret  Nevill 
(who  still  survived)  to  her  unfortunate  son,  had  been  confiscated  after  his 
execution  in  1322,  and  granted  by  the  crown  successively  to  Hugh  le  Des- 
penser,  John  Maltravers,  and  Thomas  de  Berkeley.  The  last  named  continued 
in  1346  to  hold  it  as  half  a  fee,  but,  strange  to  say,  his  predecessor  (c.  32nd 
Edw.  I.)  is  called  Robert  de  Kailly,  showing  how  loose  and  perfunctory  was 
the  record  of  christian  names  in  such  documents. 


Testa  de  Nf.vill.  So 

mention  of  a  hamlet  or  subordinate  manor  called  Gardinum  is  to 
be  found  in  any  of  the  county  histories,  or  original  records. 

13.   From  Lucia  de  Cormailles  for  a  knight's  fee  in  Winestun  of 

the  fief  of  John  le  Brun  40s. 

Winson,  in  Bradley  Hundred,  the  fee  here  referred  to,  is 
shown  in  my  Paper1  on  the  Aid  of  1235  to  have  then  been  held 
by  Walter  de  Baskerville  of  the  Honour  of  Cormailles.  How  it 
had  passed  in  the  interim  to  John  le  Brun,  who  is  there  recorded 
as  holding  only  two  fees  in  Elkstone,  of  the  same  Honour,  in 
right  of  his  father's  marriage  with  one  of  the  last  Baron's  co- 
heiresses, does  not  appear  ;  nor  is  there  any  clue  to  the  relation- 
ship of  the  sub-feofee,  which  cannot  have  been  close  or  her 
position  would  have  been  different.  There  were  at  the  time  of 
the  partition  several  male  collaterals,  from  one  of  whom  she 
probably  sprung.  Apparently  she  was  the  last  of  the  name  con- 
nected with  the  manor,  for  in  Kirby's  Quest  this  Wynston  is 
said  to  be  divided  between  John  le  Brun,  Walter  de  Berton, 
Absolom  Clericus,  and  Simon  de  Solers.  In  32  Edw.  I.  John  le  Brun 
levied  a  tine,2  of  his  interest  in  favour  of  John  de  Acton,  as  he 
had  done  with  most  of  his  lairls,  so  that  in  the  Nomina  Villarum 
of  1316,  Thomas  de  Berton,  the  Abbot  of  St.  Peter's  Gloucester, 
(representing  Absolom  the  clerk),  Simon  de  Solers,  and  John  de 
Acton,  are  its  lords.  In  1346  John  de  Acton,  John  de  Solers,  and 
Walter  de  Cirencester  paid  for  half  a  fee  in  Wynston,  which  John 
Broune?  Walter  de  Berton,  and  William  Absolom,  formerly  held 
there. 
4.   From  Robert  de  Meysi  for  half  a  knight's  fee  in  Hampton  of 

the  fief  of  the  Earl  of  Gloucester,  20s. 

1  A  family  bearing  the  same  surname  is  said  to  have  derived  it  from 
Gordano,  in  Somersetshire  (Collinson).  There  was  a  Thomas  de  Gardinis  in 
that  county  temp.  Hen.  III.  A  Thomas  de  Gardinis  was  Sheriff  of  Glouces- 
tershire from  21st  to  27th  Edw.  I. — Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Society, 
Vol.  XIII.,  p.  331. 

2  Pedes  Finium,  Glouc,  32nd  Edw.  I.,  No.  240. 

3  The  way  in  which  John  "  le  Brun  "  is  now  Anglicised  into  plain  John 
Brown  is  worth  noticing. 

D    2 


3(j  Transactions  for  the  Year  1883-9. 

Hampton,  in  Gersdon  (afterwards  Cirencester)  Hundred,  had 
belonged  to  the  Honour  of  Gloucester  ever  since  its  forfeiture  by 
its  Domesday  lord,  Earl  Roger  (Montgomeri),  and  had  probably 
been  occupied  during  the  entire  period  by  the  family  from  whom 
it  acquired  its  second  appellation,1  for  Godfrey  de  Maisey  was  a 
tenant  of  Robert  Earl  of  Gloucester  in  other  manors  so  far  back 
as  31st  Henry  I.2  In  1165  a  Robert  de  Meysi  held  nine  fees  of 
Earl  William,  Robert's  son,  of  which  Hampton  doubtless  was  one, 
and  about  a  hundred  years  later  another  Robert,  probably  the  one 
of  this  Return,  appears  as  holding  eight  fees  of  the  Honour.  In 
1285  Hampton  Meysey  was  still  held  by  a  Robert  de  Meysi,  but 
before  131 63  it  passed  in  marriage  to  the  St.  Maur's,  who  held  in 
1346.4 

15.  From  Christiana  de  Mutton  for  half  a  knight's  fee  inTorinton 
of  the  fief  of  William  de  Hastings,  20s. 

About  this  lady  no  information  seems  procurable.  In  1235 
the  wife  of  Osbert  Giffard  held  one  fee  in  Torinton  (i.e.  Farming- 
ton,  in  Bradley  Hundred)  of  William  de  Hastings,  and  it  is  not 
improbable  that  she  may  have  left  it  divisible  between  two 
married  daughters,  of  whom  Christiana  was  the  elder,  since  it 
appears  from  Kirby's  Quest  that  Peter  de  Staunton  then  held 
half  a  fee  in  Thormanton  of  Nicholas  de  Multon,5  while  William 
de  Ramsden  held  another  half  fee  in  the  same,  both  of  Benedict, 
son  of  Benedict,  who  had  succeeded  to  the  Barony  of  Hastings  of 
Eaton. 

16.  From  Richard  Tirel  for  one  knight's  fee  in  Schipton  of  the 
fief  of  Roger  de  Chandos,  40s. 

Feoffee  and  overlord  remain  as  in  1235.  The  fee  came  to  be 
distinguished  by  the  addition  of   the  name  of  the  former,  there 

1  To  distinguish  it  from  Hampton,  in  Bernetre  Hundred,  now  Shire- 
hawpton. 

2  Mag.  Rot.  Pipe,  3 1st  Hen.  I. 

3  Nomina  Villarum. 

4  Aid  for  Knighting  the  Black  Prince,  ante  Vol.  X.,  p.  280. 

6  As  there  was  a  great  family  in  the  north  of  this  name,  it  struck  me  this 
might  be  the  true  spelling,  until  I  found  that  a  Nicholas  de  Mutton  at  this 
very  time  was  entitled  to  the  alternate  presentation  to  the  Church  of  Kyn- 
merton.  —  Vide  Calend.  Geneal.,  p.  307,  9th  Edw.  I.  (Mutton,  I  believe,  is 
a  corruption  of  Mytton,  a  well  known  name.) 


Testa  de  Xevill.  37 

being  no  fewer  than  three   "  Sheep-towns  "  in  Bradley  Hundred 
alone. 

17.  From  Richard    le    Bret  for  one  third    of  a  knight's    fee    in 
Weston  of  the  fief  of  Hugh  de  Kylpec,  13s:  4d. 

Hugh  de  Kilpeck  did  not  die  till  1244,  two  years  after  the 
date  of  this  Return.  Weston  Birt,  as  it  came  to  be  called  from 
a  corruption  of  the  tenant's  name,  in  Langtree  Hundred,  belonged 
at  Domesday  to  Earl  Hugh  (of  Chester),  and  how  it  had  passed  to 
the  descendant  of  William,  son  of  Norman,  1  have  failed  to 
discover.  In  1285  it  was  held  by  the  heir  of  John  le  Bret  as  half 
a  fee  and  one-tenth  of  a  fee,  of  the  Lord  of  Kilpeck  ;  but  in  1346 
the  service  again  appears  as  one-third  only. 

18.  From  Geoffrey  de  Langele  for  half  a  knight's  fee  in  Suthington 
of  the  fief  of  Walter  de  Lacy,  20s. 

Though  a  Domesday  manor  of  the  de  Lacys,  this  Siddington, 
a  part  of  St.  Peter's  parish,  in  Cirencester  Hundred,  was  omitted 
in  the  list  of  Walter's  fees  in  1235.  It  must  have  been  held  of 
him  by  the  present  feoffee  for  many  years,  since  in  the  Carucage 
.of  1221  it  is  distinguished  as  "  Sodington-Geolfrey,"  and  it  con- 
tinued in  the  latter's  posterity  in  1285,  when  John  de  Langley  is 
returned  as  holding  it  as  an  entire  knight's  fee  of  one  of  the  de 
Lacy  heirs,  Geoffrey  de  Geneville.  It  long  continued  to  lie  known 
as  Siddington-Langley. 

Here  Return  No.  10  terminates  abruptly  with  the  notification, 
"  Sum  total  £33  3  8."  This  suffices  to  prove,  at  any  rate,  that 
it  is  complete  so  far  as  it  goes,  and  not  a  mere  fragment,  as  might 
have  been  supposed,  seeing  that  it  comprises  scarcely  one-fourth 
of  the  number  of  fees  lying  within  the  Seven  Hundreds,  the  whole 
of  those  in  Bisley  and  in  Whitstan  being  left  unnoticed.  Pre- 
sumably, as  in  the  case  of  the  Aid  of  1235,  the  document  preserved 
at  the  Exchequer,  and  later  on  copied  into  the  Testa  de  Nevill, 
was  the  precursor  only  of  the  fuller  account  of  his  collections 
subsequently  rendered  by  the  Abbot. 


3S  Tka.nsactio.ns  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 


TESTA  DE  NEVILL 
RETURNS  FOR  THE  COUNTY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

No.  11. 

De  Serjanttis  aientatis  per  Robertum  Passeleive,  temp.  Henx  Jil. 

Regis  Johannis. 

As  the  Inquisition  referred  to  in  the  above  heading  was  made  by 
Judge  Passelew  in  the  year  1250,1  this  Return  appears  to  be 
later  than  any  other  for  Gloucestershire  preserved  in  the  "Testa." 

Robert  was  brother  to  Simon  Passelew,  one  of  the  Barons  of  the 
Exchequer,2  and  had  himself  tilled  the  office  of  Under  Treasurer. 
Since  his  mission  had  for  its  object  to  extract  a  rental  from 
persons  who  had  alienated  lands  held  by  serjeanty,  or  neglected 
to  perform  the  services  in  consideration  of  which  they  were 
granted,  it  was  naturally  unpopular,  and  Matthew  Paris  describes 
him  as  "one  of  the  King's  '  Evil  Counsellors.'  " 

The  contents  of  the  Return  scarcely  bear  out  its  title,  however, 
for  they  evidently  comprise  memoranda  as  to  Serjanties  noted  on 
various  occasions,  instead  of  judicial  decisions  given  during  a 
single  Iter.  The  first  fourteen  entries  are  a  repetition  of  those  as  to 
Serjeants  in  the  Forest  of  Dean,  which  occur  at  the  beginning  of 
Return  No.  8.3 

Then  follow  notes  as  to  four  Serjeanties,  each  in  turn  declared 
forfeit  by  reason  of  the  alienation  of  the  lands,  but  stated  in 
subsequent  paragraphs  to  be  confirmed  under  commuted  annual 
payments  to  the  crown  amounting  to  about  one-third  of  the  rent 
obtained  by  the  respective  Serjeants,  who  likewise  renew  their 
covenant  for  the  due  performance  of  the  Customary  Service.  This 
portion  of  the  Eeturn  contains  in  substance,  no  doubt,  the  record 
of  Robert  Passelew's  work, — but,  strange  to  say,  his  judgments 
are  in  every  instance  succeeded,  not  always  immediately  nor  in 
the   same  order,  by  other   recitals   to   a  similar   effect,    although 

1  Vide  Madox  History  of  the  Exchequer,  Vol.  I.,  p.  46. 

2  Foss'  Judges  of  England.  3  Ante  pp.  14-19. 


Testa  de  Nevill.  39 

slightly  varied  in  details,  and  in  somewhat  different  phraseology, 
presumably  the  work  of  another  judge  on  some  subsequent 
occasion. 

Return  11.  in  short  was,  notwithstanding  its  heading,  evidently 
not  transcribed  from  a  single  Roll,  but  forms  one  of  those  com- 
posite documents  of  which  the  Exchequer  copyists  of  the  14th 
century  were  so  fond,  and  which,  in  the  absence  of  dates,  and  of  all 
distinction  between  the  several  extracts  embodied  therein,  prove 
so  puzzling.  To  obviate  repetition,  my  comments  on  each  of  the 
four  Serjeanties  in  question,  will  be  preceded  by  a  summary  of 
the  whole  of  the  notices  relating  to  it  placed  consecutively. 

I  begin  with  the  entry  which  1  have  numbered 
15.  "  The  Manor  of  Sipton,  in  the  County  of  Gloucester,  which  is 
the  head  of  the  Serjeanty  of  William  le  Moyne,  in  Madinton,  in 
the  County  of  Wilts,  is  in  part  alienated,  whereby,  indeed,  the 
Serjeanty  by  which  he  ought  to  be  buyer  for  the  Kitchen  of 
our  Lord  the  King  is  aliened." 
"  From  the  same  William  for  two  virgates  of  land  of  the  same 
Serjeanty  alienated  which  William  and  Richard,  sons  of 
Richard  de  Wokinges  hold  from  him,  four  shillings  and  six- 
pence per  annum  :  And  he  will  do  the  aforesaid  customary 
services." 

In  addition  to  this,  at  page  78,  column  B,  near  the  end  of  the 
Return,  we  have  : 

"  The  Serjeanty  of  William  le  Moyne  in  Sciptun,  by  which  he 
ought  to  be  Buyer  for  the  King  is  alienated  in  part.  William 
and  Richard,  sons  of  Richard  of  Woking/ta?»,  hold  of  it  two 
virgates  of  land  which  are  worth  one  mark  per  annum.  And 
the  said  William  (le  Moyne)  made  on  this  account  an  agree- 
ment for  the  said  tenants,  with  their  consent,  vizt.,  -Is.  6d.  per 
annum.  So  that  each  of  these  tenants  may  answer  to  the 
same  William  for  a  third  part  of  the  value  of  his  holding. 
And  the  same  William  }  may  do  the  service  of  the  aforesaid 
Serjeanty." 

1  As  the  William  le  Moine  in  question  died  in  1252,  and  the  concluding 
entry  is  in  the  present  tense,  it  cannot  be  of  later  date.  In  the  earlier  entry 
the  word  is  in  the  future  faciei,  which  is  clearly  more  correct  ;  but  in  the 
later  faciat.    The  same  observation  applies  to  each  of  the  foar  (or  five)  cases. 


40  Transactions  for  the  Year  1S89-90. 

Allusion  has  already  been  made  in  my  remarks J    on  Return 

No  10,  to  this  Serjeanty  of  William  Monachus,  as  he  is  there  called, 

in  Shipton. 

The  manor  belonged  at  Domesday  to  Maci  de  Mauretania,  of 
whom,  although  he  held  important  fiefs  in  at  least  half  a  dozen 
counties,  nothing  is  known.  This  is  of  the  less  consequence,  as 
they  all  escheated  to  the  crown  by  the  end  of  the  11th  century, 
presumably  in  default  of  heirs,  since  his  sub-feoffees  seem  gener- 
ally to  have  been  left  in  continuous  occupation,  which  would 
scarcely  have  happened  had  he  been  in  rebellion.  His  estates  in 
Somersetshire  were  divided  between  the  Honour  of  Gloucester  and 
the  Barony  of  Castle  Cary,  but  certain  of  his  manors  in  Glouces- 
tershire, Wiltshire,  Dorset,  Essex,  and,  possibly,  Berks  and  Hants, 
were  granted  by  King  Henry  I.2  to  Ralph  "  the  Monk  "  to  be 
held  by  the  serjeanty  of  keeping  the  King's  larder.  Who  this 
Ralph  was,  and  whether  the  first  of  his  line  distinguished  by  an 
appellation   so  unusual  for  a  layman,  has  not  been  ascertained.3 

i  Ante  p.  25,  No.  4, 

2  That  he  held  by  gift  of  that  King  rests  on  the  testimony  of  a  Return 
of  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  in  the  "Testa  de  Nevill,"  which  states  that  the 
ancestor  of  this  Ralph  held  the  Manor  of  Oweres,  in  Dorsetshire,  from  the 
time  of  Henry  I.  by  Serjeanty  of  the  Kitchen,  p.  164 

The  date  is  so  far  confirmed  by  our  finding  on  the  Essex  Pipe  Roll,  31st 
Hen.  I.,  that  William  Monachus  was  excused  payment  of  Danegeld,  in  Essex. 

3  The  name  is  to  be  found  on  the  so-called  Battle  Abbey  Roll,  and  the 

William  le  Moine  there  mentioned  has  been  claimed  by  the  family  of  Monk, 

of  Potheridge,  co.  Devon   (from   whom  the  celebrated   Duke  of  Albemarle 

sprung),  as  their  ancestor  who,  it  is  alleged,  held  that  manor  in  1066."     We 

learn,  however,  from  Domesday  that  Mertone,  of  which  it  formed  part,  was 

held  in  capite  partly  by  the  Bishop  of  Coutances  and  partly  by  Baldwin  the 

Sheriff,  nothing  whatever  being  said  of  sub-tenants.     It  must  be  admitted, 

nevertheless,  that  a  "  Willelmus  Monachus"  does  appear   among  the  lay 

witnesses   to  a  charter  of  Robert  Duke  of  Normandy's  to  the  Church  of 

Bayeux  in  \0S9,h  and  it  is  not  improbable  that  he  was  Ralph's  father,  but 

this  in  no  way  proves  his  connection  with  Potheridge  ;  and  the  Duchess  of 

Cleveland  prudently   confines  herself  to  stating   that  the  le  Moines  were 

seated  at  that  place  temp.  Edward  I. ,  and  that  not  improbably  the  first  of 

them  was  a  younger  son  of  the  family  of  Shipton  Moyne,  Gloucestershire.0 

The  county  historians  of  Essex  set  up  another  claim  in  favour  of  a  certain 

Gilbert,  an  under-tenant  of  William  de  Warrenne'sat  the  time  of  the  Survey, 

whose  descendants  held  a  manor  afterwards  called  Moyne,  near  Bumpstead 

Steeple,  but  they  give  no  authority  for  the  assertion. 

«  Vide  Pedigree  in  Playfair's  British  Family  Antiquity,  Vol.  V.,  Appendix. 
*>  Yeatman's  House  of  Arundel.  c  Battle  Abbey  Roll,  Vol.  II. 


Testa  de  Xf.vill.  41 

He  can  only  be  conjectured  to  have  been  some  younger  son  of  a 
good  House,  who,  after  entering  a  monastery,  upon  unexpectedly 
becoming  the  Head  of  his  family  procured  a  papal  dispensation 
from  his  vows.1 

The  descent  from  Ralph  of  William  Monachus  or  le  Moine,  of 
Returns  Nos.  10  and  11,  can  be  traced  without  much  difficulty, 
although  it  cannot  always  with  certainty  be  determined  who  was 
head  of  the  house  at  any  particular  period.  William  appears  to 
have  been  succeeded  by  John  le  Moine  before  40th  Henry  III., 
the  threat  of  declaring  his  serjeanty  forfeited  by  reason  of  the 
alienation  of  two  virgates  of  land,  presumably  in  Shipton-Moine, 
having  been  carried  no  further  than  the  extraction  of  a  payment 
of  4s.  6d.  per  annum  for  the  deficiency,  in  addition  to  a  renewed 
pledge  for  the  performance  of  the  customary  service  of  the 
serjeanty.  The  latter,  which  probably  at  first  included  attendance 
on  the  King  at  the  three  great  festivals  at  least,  had,  so  early 
as  the  accession  of  Richard  I.  been  reduced  to  acting  as  "  Lar- 
derer  "2  at  the  coronation  of  a  new  Sovereign,  a  privilege  claimed 
by  the  holders  of  the  manors  to  the  present  day.  Those  manors 
passed  on  the  death  of  Sir  John  Moyne  to  Sir  William  Stourton, 
who  had  married  Elizabeth,  his  daughter  and  heiress,  in  22nd 
Richard  II.,  and  some  of  them  are  still  in  possession  of  their 
posterity.  Shipton  Moyne,  however,  was  alienated  long  ago  to 
the  Estcourts,:j  who,  it  may  be  inferred  from  the  entry  4  in  the 
"  Aid  for  Knighting  the  Black  Prince "  in  1346,  had,  before 
the  end    of   Edward  I.  reign   become   joint    tenants    of    the  fee 

1  Such  an  occurrence  was  by  no  means  unprecedented,  as  shown  by  Mr. 
A.  Lower,  in  his  "  Patronyinica  Britannica,"  under  the  head  of  Ecclesiastical 
Surnames.  Among  other  examples  he  cites  one  of  a  married  tenant  of  St. 
Paul's,  in  the  reign  of  John,  who  is  described  as  William  the  Goldsmith, 
surnamed  "  Monachus." 

-  "  Achateur  de  Roy  et  Lardinier  de  Roy  au  temps  de  coronement  de 
Roy  d'  Engleterre,"  as  denned  tempore  Henry  V. 

3  They  are  said  to  have  derived  their  surname  from  living  at  the  East 
Court — no  doubt  the  manor  house  or  ' '  curia  "  of  Gilbert  de  Shipton  referred 
to  in  a  tine  formerly  quoted  (p.  18). 

"  De  Emma  opie  fuit  uxor  Johannis  Beauboys,  et  Simone  de  Estcourt  pro 
une  feodo  militis  in  Shipton-Moigne  quod  Johannes  Beauboys  et  Walterus 
de  Estcourt  quondam  tenuerunt  ibidem."- — Vide  Trans.  Bristol  and  Glouc. 
Arch.  Society,  Vol.  X.,  p.  283. 


42  Transactions  ior  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

formerly  held  by  Gilbert  de  Shipton,1  and,  after  holding  that 
of  the  Stourtons  for  a  time,  eventually  acquired  from  them  the 
entire  manor,  which  has  been  transmitted,  through  female  heirs, 
to  the  present  owner,  the  Rev.  Edmund  Hily  Bucknall-Estcourt. 

The  history  of  the  two  virgates  alienated  to  the  sons  of  Richard 
of  Wokingham  I  am  unable  to  trace,  though  Fosbroke  considers 
them  to  be  the  lands  of  which  Mary  Giffard,  William  de  Sley, 
and  John  de  Dene  were  returned  as  lords  in  9th  Edw.  II.,  when 
John  le  Moine  held  the  principal  manor. 

16.  "Part  of  the  Serjeanty  of  Gunnora  de  la  Mare  in  Wenerich 
pertaining  to  the  Manor  of  Elsicot,  in  the  County  of  Oxford, 
for  which  she  ought  to  be  keeper  of  the  door  of  the  King's 
Hall,  is  wholly  alienated." 

"  From  the  same  Gunnora  for  five  virgates  of  land  of  the  Serjeanty 
alienated  in  the  County  of  Gloucester,  which  Peter  Prentuc 
and  Robert  de  la  Mare  2  hold  of  her,  fifteen  shillings  a  year, 
and  she  will  do  the  service  of  half  a  fee  for  the  said  land,  and 
for  the  lands  of  the  Serjeanty  which  she  holds  in  the  counties 
of  Oxford,  Wilts,  and  Gloucester." 
At  page  78,  column  b,  this  is  repeated  with  further  particulars, 

vizt.,  that  Peter  Prentuc  holds  half  a  virgate  of  the  land  worth 

5s.  per  annum. 

Robei't  de  la  Mare  three  virgate  and  a  half  worth  30s.  per  ann. 
John  Lesquier  one  virgate  worth  10s.  per  ann. 

"  Amount  of  the  alienation,  45s.  And  the  said  Gunnora  agreed 
with  her  said  tenants  to  pay  15s.,  the  said  tenants  each  answer- 
ing to  her  for  the  other  thirds,  and  the  said  Gunnora  will  do 
the  service  as  noted  in  the  County  of  Wilts." 
There  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  these  De  la  Mares  were 
scions  of  the  great  Gloucestershire  family  referred  to  in  Return 
No.  10.3     We  only  know  of  them  that  they  filled  offices  of  menial 

1  Ante  Vol.  X.,  p.  283. 

2  Presumably  son  of  Richard  de  la  Mare  mentioned  in  connection  with 
this  Serjeanty  in  Return  No.  8,  ante  p.  18. 

3  There  were  at  least  twenty  families  of  the  name  scattered  all  over 
England  in  the  13th  century,  and  it  seems  more  reasonable  to  infer  that  in 
many  cases  they  had  received  it  from  their  Norman  compatriots  on  account 


Testa  de  Nevill.  43 

origin  about  the  King's  court,  vizt.,  keeping  the  door  of  the  King's 
chamber,  supplying  brushwood  and  litter  for  the  Royal  household, 
and  preserving  order  among  the  laundresses  1  following  the  court, 
in  reward  for  which  services  they  held  by  Serjeanty  lands  in 
Winterburn  la  Mare,  Wilts  ;  Windrush,  in  Gloucestershire  ;  and 
Alvescot  and  Elton,  Oxon.  Though  it  is  not  easy  in  the  two 
former  cases  to  be  sure  as  to  the  Domesday  owners  of  the  lands,  I 
feel  satisfied  on  close  examination  that  they  were  held  at  the  time 
of  the  Survey,  possibly  on  similar  conditions,  by  Saxons, who,  having 
been  themselves  or  their  relations  in  the  service  of  the  Confessor 
still  continued  in  that  of  the  Conqueror.2  At  what  period  these 
Saxon  dependants  were  succeeded  by  Normans  is  not  clear,  but, 
probably,  during  the  reign  of  Henry  I.3  These  Serjeanties,  how- 
ever, cannot  be  traced  to  the  De  la  Mare  family  until  that  of 
Henry  III.,  early  in  which,  as  we  learn  from  "  Testa  de  Nevill," 
Henry  de  la  Mare  "  held  a  hundred  solidates  of  land  in  Winter- 
burn  for  being  Marshal  of  Litter  for  the  King  "  (p.  143)  and 
likewise  5s.  in  Laverstoke,  (p.  148)  in  Wiltshire;  and  twelve 
librates  of  land  at  Alvescot,  in  Oxfordshire,  by  the  Serjeanty  of 
keeping  the  door  of  the  King's  Hall  (p.  106).  He  died  in  33rd 
Henry  III.,  just  before  the  date  of  Robert  Passelew's  Inquisition, 

of  residence  near  English  Meres,  than  that  it  was  derived  uniformly  from  a 
single  Mere  in  Normandy.  The  next  Hundred  in  Wiltshire  to  that  in  which 
Winterourn  la  Mare  is  situated,  is  called  "Mere,"  and  there  are  others  so 
named  in  Domesday. 

1  Designated  in  those  days  of  plain  speaking  by  the  uncomplimentary 
epithet  of  "  Meretrices  Regis." 

2  In  Oxfordshire,  under  the  heading,  "  Richard  and  other  Servants  of  the 
King,"  Elfeijescote  (two  hides)  appears  as  held  by  Saric,  in  place  of  Ailwin. 
In  Wiltshire,  under  "  Odo  and  other  Thanes  of  the  King,"  we  learn  again, 
"Saric  holds  Winterburn,  one  hide  and  a  half ,  which  Ailwin  held  " — while 
as  proof  of  his  nationality,  it  is  stated  with  respect  to  another  manor  held  by 
him,  and  later  on  by  the  De  la  Mares  (Laverstock),  that  it  had  been  held  by  his 
brother  Gert.  In  Gloucestershire,  two  Wenrics  appear  among  the  lands  of 
the  "  King's  Thanes,"  but  as  one  was  of  considerable  extent  and  its  overlord- 
ship  was  claimed  by  Winchcombe  Abbey,  whereas  the  other  in  Gersdone 
Hundred,  held  of  Chetel,  was  a  hide  and  a  virgate,  or  exactly  the  five  virgates 
alienated  by  Gunnora,  there  can  be  little  doubt  it  was  the  latter. 

3  In  the  earliest  extant  Pipe  Roll  a  Henry  de  la  Mare  is  credited  with 
payment  in  the  Oxfordshire  Return  of  no  less  than  <£2S  6s.  Sd.  for  having  his 
father's  office  of  huntsman,  but  Dugdale  claims  him  as  ancestor  of  the  de  la 
Mares,  of  Garsington,  in  that  county,  summoned  as  Barons,  t.  Edw.  I.  &  II. 


44  Transactions  for  the  Year  1S89-90. 

leaving  Henry,  his  son  and  heir,  a  minor  ;l  the  performance  of  the 
services  being  undertaken  by  Gunnora,  the  widow,  during  the 
nonage  of  the  boy.  The  latter  was  entrusted  to  the  custody  of 
John  Mansel,  by  whom  he  was  so  badly  brought  up,  that  he 
became  on  attaining  manhood  a  "  robber  of  churches,"  and  was 
slain  in  51st  Henry  III.  when  flying  from  justice.  His  lands  were 
inconsequence  forfeited. — Winterburn — "  Gunnor,"  as  it  is  still 
sometimes  called,  being  given  by  the  King  to  his  son  Prince 
Edward,'2  who  bestowed  it  in  alms  on  St.  Mary's,  Bristol ;  while 
Alvescote  eventually  fell  to  Robert  Walraund,  including,  probably, 
the  overlordship  of  Windrush.  The  latter  had  indeed,  according 
to  the  Return,  been  "wholly  alienated"  or  sublet,  the  chief 
tenant,  however,  being  a  member  of  the  De  la  Mare  family. 

17.  "The  Serjeanty  of  Henry  de  Monemewe,  in  Laghampton,  by 
which  he  ought  to  be  the  King's  cook,  is  changed  into  another 
service  because  the  said  Henry  did  not  do  that  aforesaid." 

"  From  the  same  Henry  for  the  same  Serjeanty,  which  contains 
half  a  virgate  of  land,  12d.  per  annum.  And  he  will  do  the 
service  of  the  first  3  part  of  one  fee." 

"  Moreover  William  Wyberd  holds  in  the  same  vill  half  a  virgate 
of  land  of  the  same  Serjeanty,  for  which  he  ought  to  do  the 
aforesaid  service.  And  because  he  has  not  done  it,  it  is  there- 
fore changed  into  another." 

"  From   the  same  William   for  the   same  land  12d.  per  annum. 
And  he  will  do  the  service  of  the  fiftieth  part  of  one  fee." 
At  page   78,  column  b,  these   statements   are   repeated    with 

slight  variations  and  additions — 

Henry  being  said  to  hold  an  entire  virgate  worth  5s.  a  year, 

William  to  hold  of  the  same  Serjeanty  half  a  virgate  worth  2s., 

whilst  the  latter's  service  is  said,  like  Henry's,  to  be  for  the  first 

part  of  one  knight. 

1  Extent  cited  from  the  Hundred  Rolls  of  39th  Henry  III.  (1255)  by  Sir 
Richard  Hoare,  Hist,  of  Wiltshire. 

2  Hoare's  Wiltshire. 

3  I  do  no  understand  what  is  meant  by  "  prima  pars  feodi,"  nor  how 
that  tallies  with  the  fiftieth  of  one,  which  I  take  to  be  equal  to  the  tenth  of 
a  hide. 


Testa  de  Nevill.  45 

This  Serjeanty  in  Leckhampton,  with  its  holders,  has  twice 
already  been  alluded  to  in  these  Gloucestershire  Returns,  and 
there  is  little  to  add  to  what  has  been  said  on  the  subject.1  Henry 
de  Monmouth  was  presumably  son  to  the  Roger  who  in  1228  had 
in  some  way  acquired  a  share  of  Peter  of  the  Hall's  Serjeanty, 
but  William  Wyberd  did  not  hold  at  that  date,  and  may  possibly 
have  married  another  of  the  heiresses  afterwards.  A  person  of 
the  name  is  mentioned  in  the  Fine  Roll  of  1253  as  connected  with 
Kent,  but  as  it  is  there  spelt  Wybe,  t,  a  well  known  Teutonic  per- 
sonal appellation,  this  constitutes  no  sufficient  proof  of  identity. 
William's  interest  in  the  Serjeanty  seems  soon  to  have  ceased,  for 
Walter  Monmouth  alone  is  mentioned  in  29th  Edward  L,  and 
his  son  John  in  9th  Eclw.  II. 

18.  "  The  Serjeanty  of  Richard  de  Pirie  in  Cirencester,  by  which 
he  ought  to  convey  the  King's  treasure,  at  the  expense  of 
the  sheriff  within  the  county  of  Gloucester,  and  at  the  cost 
of  the  King  outside  the  county,  is  alienated  in  particles." 

"  From  the  same  Richard  for  seventy-two  solidates  of  land  alien- 
ated from  the  said  Serjeanty,2  which  the  undermentioned  hold 
of  him,  one  mark  per  annum.  And  he  will  do  the  service  of 
the  twentieth  part  of  one  fee." 

Agnes  daughter  of  Roger  holds  thereof  a  messuage  worth  3s.  per 

year. 
Gunnilda  holds  a  messuage  which  is  worth  2s.  4d.  a  year. 
Maurice  of  Cirencester  holds  a  messuage  worth  3s.  a  year. 
Richard  the  Tailor  holds  a  messuage  worth  2s.  a  year. 
Richard  the  Merchant  holds  a  messuage  and  8  acres  worth  5s.  a 

year. 
Henry  Avance  holds  a  messuage  worth  3s.  6d.  a  year. 
Walter  de  Pirie  holds  a  messuage  worth  2s.,  with  3|  acres  of  land. 
Henry  de  Lattar  holds  6^  acres  of   land  and  1  acre  of  meadow 

worth  6s. 
Alice  Dune]  holds  two  half  acres  of  land  worth  6d.  a  year. 

7  Trans.  Bristol  &  Gloue.  Arch.  Society,  J°{-  $lh  P"  2™. 

•'    V  ol.  XIII. ,  p.  296. 

"  I  have  here  slightly  varied  the  text  so  as  to  avoid  having  to  repeat  the 
names  as  well  as  the  preliminary  recital. 


46  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Ralph  Brid  holds  a  messuage  worth  2s.  a  year. 
Humphrey  de  la  Barre  holds  a  messuage  worth  3s.  a  year. 
Richard  Thorel  holds  a  messuage  worth  3s.  year. 
Jordan  the  Merchant  holds  a  messuage  worth  3s.  a  year. 
Edwin  the  Merchant  holds  a  messuage  worth  3s.  a  year. 
Geoffrey  the  Clerk  holds  a  messuage  worth  3s.  a  year. 
Lyme  Spiring  holds  a  messuage  worth  eighteenpence  a  year. 
Brian  the  Merchant  holds  a  messuage  worth  eighteenpence  a  year. 
Joseph  holds  a  messuage  with  two  acres  in  one  field,  and  two  in 
another,  worth  4s.  a  year. 

Robert  de  Cotes  holds  a  messuage  worth  3s.  a  year. 
Geoffrey  le  Berkier  (the  Shepherd)  holds  a  booth  dedicated  to  the 
service  of  the  Blessed  Mary  worth  2s.  a  year. 

William  de   Duntesborn    holds   a   booth   dedicated   to  the    same 

service  worth  2s.  a  year. 
William  de  Ponto  holds  6  acres  of  land  worth  2s.  a  year. 
Richard  Herkebaud  holds  a  croft  worth  3s.  a  year. 
The  Almoners  of  Cirencester  hold  6  acres  worth  3s.  a  year. 

As  to  Richard  de  Pirie,  or  the  history  of  his  Serjeanty,  I 
can  discover  very  little.1  He  was,  presumably,  the  same  Richard 
who  is  given  in  the  Testa  as  holding  a  quarter  of  a  fee  in  Wilt- 
shire of  the  Earl  Marshal,2  but  whether  related  to  the  William  de 
Pirie  who  held  a  fee  in  Pirie,  in  Staffordshire  :?  is  uncertain.  As 
the  word,  however,  means  simply  "a  Pear  Orchard,"  4  it  is  perhaps 
most  likely  that  they  were  of  distinct  families. 

Similar  duties  to  those  discharged  by  him  are  noted  in  the 
Testa  as  performed  by  Serjeants  in  other  counties,  and  as  such 
functions  were  of  great  antiquity,  it  is  not  improbable  that  the 
twentieth  part  of  a  fee  which  he  held  represented  one  of  the  two 
virgates  mentioned  in  the  Domesday  account  of  Cirencester,  as 
appropriated  to  an  officer  who  obeyed  the  behests  of  the  shei'iff. 
The  land  in  question  must  have  been  close  to  the  town,  as  it  had 

1  Fosbroke  includes  the  name  of  "  De  Pirye  "  among  the  benefactors  of 
Cirencester  Abbey,  referring  to  Dugdale,  who  does  not  mention  it. 

2  Testa  de  Nevill,  p.  137. 

3  Testa  de  Nevill,  p.  46. 

4  The  name  is  often  written  "  Atte  Purie." 


Testa  df.  Nevill.  47 

been  divided  into  five-and-twenty  allotments,  which  paid  Richard 
a  rental  of  no  less  than  61s.  a  year,  a  good  deal  of  it  being  let  at 
6d.  an  acre,  then  a  high  rate.  The  value  indeed  of  the  property 
is  shown  by  an  entry  on  the  Fine  Roll  of  1258,  which  shows  that 
the  Abbot  of  Cirencester  agreed  to  pay  to  the  King  thirty  marks 
for  a  charter  authorising  the  receipt  of  one  mark  a  year  from  the 
Serjeanty  which  had  been  Richard  de  Pirye's.  This  looks  as  if 
Richard  was  then  dead,  or  had  alienated  the  land.  As  there  is 
no  allusion  to  this  purchase  in  the  text,  we  have  another  proof 
that  its  compilation  was  anterior  to  the  date  above  quoted.  The 
two  other  tenures  by  Serjeanty,  in  Little  Tainton  and  Stoke 
Archer,  mentioned  in  No.  8,1  were,  apparently,  not  dealt  with  by 
Robert  Passelew,  as  they  are  left  unnoticed. 

I  have  now  completed  my  review  of  the  Gloucestershire  por- 
tion of  the  so-called  Testa  de  Nevill,  and  have  shown  that  the 
eleven  fiscal  Returns  comprised  in  it  date  from  the  first  half  of 
the  13th  century.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  more  were  not  pre- 
served, and  that  some  of  those  that  have  been  relate  to  but  a 
portion  of  the  county.  Moreover,  it  is  unfortunate  that  when  they 
were  being  transcribed  into  the  Exchequer  Register  during  the  14th 
century  a  stricter  supervision  was  not  exercised  over  the  copyists, 
so  as  to  have  prevented  their  piecing  together  extracts  from  dif- 
ferent original  Rolls,  under  sometimes  very  misleading  headings. 

Still,  despite  deficiencies  and  drawbacks,  these  Returns  furnish 
much  interesting  information,  and  are  well  worth  the  attention  of 
the  local  historians  of  the  future.  I  shall  not,  I  trust,  be  sus- 
pected of  over-estimating  the  utility  of  what  T  have  done  to 
identify  and  arrange  them  according  to  date,  if  I,  in  concluding, 
express  a  hope  that  the  example  will  be  followed  with  regard  to 
other  counties,  so  that  materials  may  eventually  be  forthcoming 
for  the  new  edition  of  the  "  Testa,"  contemplated  by  my  lamented 
friend,  the  late  Walford  D.  Selby,  at  whose  suggestion  my  share 
of  the  task  was  undertaken. 
1  Ante  p.  IS. 


48  Transactions  fok  thk  Year  1889-90. 


THE  ANCIENT  APSE  OF  DEERHURST  CHURCH. 

By  the  Rev.  GEORGE  BUTTERWORTH. 

Ever  since  the  publication  of  Mr.  J. C.  Buckler's  interesting  account 
of  the  Priory  Church  of  Deerhurst  in  the  Society's  Transactions, 
Vol.  XL  (and,  indeed,  from  a  much  earlier  starting  point),  it  has 
been  the  wish  of  many  to  ascertain,  if  possible,  what  was  the 
actual  form  of  the  Apse  of  this  well  known  Primitive  Romanesque 
building.  Mr.  Buckler  having  to  frame  his  judgment  upon  very 
slender  evidence,  viz.,  that  afforded  by  12  ins.  of  extremely  rough 
walling  forming  the  commencement  of  the  apse  on  the  south  side, 
pronounced,  positively,  that  it  had  been  pentagonal.  However,  as 
this  shape  is  very  unlikely  to  have  been  adopted  in  a  building  of 
the  Saxon  period,  he  felt  himself  obliged  to  suppose  that  the 
existing  fragment  of  wall  represented  an  apse  of  a  later  date  than 
that  of  the  rest  of  the  building,  in  spite  of  the  herring-bone  work 
which  charcterises  the  former,  and  that  possibly  it  had  taken  the 
place  of  an  earlier  semi-circular  apse.  But  not  a  few  persons, 
among  them  the  writer  of  the  present  lines,  were  unable  to  ac- 
quiesce in  the  opinion  that  the  shred  of  wall  remaining  above 
ground  was  really  a  part  of  a  straight-sided  apse  :  to  them  it 
seemed  rather  to  suggest  a  curve.  I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  announce 
that  on  the  24th  September  of  the  present  year  (1889),  by  means 
of  excavations  made  on  the  spot,  I  found  myself  in  a  position  to 
decide  authoritatively  the  question.  The  shape  was  without 
doubt  semi-circular  ;  and  there  was  never  a  polygonal  apse.  There 
happened  to  be  considerable  difficulty  in  the  way  of  effecting  an 
entirely  satisfactory  examination.  The  greater  part  of  the  site  of 
the  ruined  sanctuary  of  the  church  is  occupied  by  a  cider  house. 
However,  the  tenant  of  the  Priory,  Mr.  Win.  Phillips,  obligingly 
allowed  me  to  make  excavations  both  outside,  and  within,  this 
erection.  Within  the  building,  the  outer  face  of  the  wall  of  the 
apse  was  uncovered  for  the  space  of  7  feet,  just  at  the  crown  of 


Ancient  Apse  of  Deerhurst  Church,  49 

the  curve.  Outside  it,  we  struck  upon  the  inner  face  of  the  north 
wall,  before  the  commencement  of  the  spring  of  the  curve,  and 
followed  it  for  7  feet  beyond  the  spring.  This  section  gave  us 
also,  in  its  terminal  portion,  the  outer  face  of  the  wall.  The  wall 
is  3£  feet  thick — the  general  thickness  of  the  walls  of  the  ancient 
part  of  the  church  being  about  2^  feet.  We  were  able,  in  spite  of 
obstructions,  to  open  a  small  third  section,  which  presented  to  the 
eye  a  portion  of  the  outer  face  of  the  hidden  wall.  The  examin- 
ation was  completely  satisfactory,  demonstrating  the  existence  of 
an  apse  of  a  curved  form,  as  well  as  the  non-existence  of  any 
subsequent  polygonal  apse.  There  can  be  no  reasonable  doubt  as 
to  the  preservation,  beneath  the  surface  of  the  soil,  of  the  entire, 
unbroken  span. 

The  dimensions  of  the  ancient  sanctuary  are  these  : — space 
between  the  crown  of  the  curve  and  the  chord,  9h  feet ;  from  the 
chord  to  the  line  of  the  arch  separating  the  sanctuary  and  choir, 
8£  ft.     Thus  18  feet  =  extreme  length  of  sanctuary. 

Mr.  Buckler  observes,  in  his  remarks  on  Deerhurst,  that  "  a 
Saxon  apse  remains  to  be  discovered.  It  would  be  an  interesting 
revelation  to  make  at  Deerhurst."  Thus  the  accomplished  writer 
almost  anticipated  the  present  "  revelation "  ;  he  erred  only  in 
imagining  that  traces  might  also  be  found  of  the  straight-sided 
erection,  of  which,  as  it  now  appears,  he  himself  was  the  sole 
architect  and  builder. 


Vol.  XIV. 


50  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 


HISTORY     OF    THE    MANOR    AND    ADVOWSON     OF 
CLIFFORD    CHAMBERS,    AND    SOME    ACCOUNT     OF 

ITS  POSSESSORS. 

By  Sir  JOHN  MACLEAN,  F.S.A.,  V.P. 
Vice-President  of  the  Royal  Archaeological   Institute  of  Great   Britain  and 
Ireland,  Hon.  Member  of  the  Royal  Institution  of  Cornwall,  <kc,  <kc. 

The  Manor  of  Clifford  before  the  Conquest  was  a  member  of  the 
great  Manor  of  Tewkesbury,  and  was  held  by  Algar,  a  great  Saxon 
Thane,  who  is  supposed  to  have  united  all  his  lands  and  manors 
in  the  north  of  Gloucestershire  to  that  manor.  From  him  it 
descended  to  his  son  Brictric,  known  in  history  as  Brictric,  son  of 
Algar,  who  held  that  important  manor  with  its  appendages,  and 
various  other  manors  in  divers  counties,  at  the  time  of  the  Con- 
quest. His  romantic  history  is  too  well  known  to  be  treated  of 
here,  suffice  it  to  say  that  Matilda,  the  wife  of  William  Duke  of 
Normandy,  treasuring  up  the  mortification  she  had  experienced 
from  him  many  years  before  in  his  rejection  of  her  proffered  love, 
determined  upon  revenge,  and  maliciously  contrived  his  destruc- 
tion. The  King's  grant  to  her  afterwards,  of  the  greater  portion 
of  Brictric's  large  possessions,  including  the  great  Lordship  of 
Tewkesbury,  would  seem  to  give  some  colour  to  the  truth  of  this 
legend.  Before  her  death,  in  1083,  she  conferred  the  Manor  of 
Clifford  upon  Roger  de  Busli,  as  appears  from  the  following  ex- 
tract from  the  Domesday  book  : — 

In  Clifford  are  seven  hides  pertaining  to  the  same  manor 
(Tewkesbury).  There  are  there  three  carucates  in  demesne  and 
fourteen  villans  with  five  ploughs,  and  a  mill  worth  12s.,  and  two 
acres  of  meadow.  There  are  between  the  male  and  female  serfs 
thirteen  [ploughs  1]  and  a  church  and  a  priest  with  one  carucate. 
The  value  was  £8,  now  £6.  This  land  the  Queen  gave  to  Roger 
de  Busli,  and  it  is  geldable  for  four  hides  in  Tewkesbury.  To 
this  is  added  a  recital  of  the  other  lands  and  manors  under  the 


Maxor  axd  Advowson*  of  Clifford  Chambers.  51 

Manor  of  Tewkesbury,  amounting  in  the  whole  to  85  hides,  50 
hides  being  quit  and  free  of  all  money  tax  and  royal  services. 
This  Manor  of  Tewkesbury,  when  it  was  whole,  all  under  one  in 
the  time  of  King  Edward,  was  valued  at  £100,  When  Ralph  re- 
ceived it  was  only  worth  £12.  because  it  was  destroyed  and  dis- 
ordered. Now  it  is  appraised  at  £40,  yet  Ralph  pays  £50.  This 
manor,  Brictric,  the  son  of  Algar,  held  in  the  time  of  King 
Edward.1 

Roger  de  Busli  or  Bushley,  married  a  lady  named  Muriell, 
but  of  what  family  she  was  we  know  not.  Mr.  A.  S.  Ellis  is  of 
opinion  that  she  was  in  some  way  connected  with  Queen  Matilda, 
because  the  Queen  granted  the  Manor  of  San  ford,  in  Devon, 
jointly  to  the  said  Roger  and  Muriell  his  wife,  and  because 
Muriell  was  a  party  with  her  husband  in  the  grant  of  Clifford  to 
the  Abbot  and  Convent  of  Gloucester,  she  must  also  have  been  a 
party,  directly  in  the  Queen's  bounty.  This,  however,  though  not 
improbable,  does  not,  necessarily,  follow,  for  the  manor  having 
been  granted  to  her  husband  in  fee,  the  wife  would  of  course  have 
a  claim  upon  it  for  her  dower,  for  there  were  not  at  that  time 
settlements  to  bar  dower. 

Roger  de  Bushley,  anterior  to  the  date  of  Domesday,  the 
exact  date  we  do  not  know,  granted  the  Manor  of  Clifford  to  the 
Abbot  and  Convent  of  St.  Peter's,  but  among  the  donations  of 
land  confirmed  to  the  abbey  by  William  the  Conqueror  at  Christ- 
mas in  the  very  year  of  Domesday,  is,  in  Gloucestershire  Clifforde, 
of  the  gift  of  Roger  de  Buseley.  And  in  the  abbey  list  of  donations 
to  the  house  we  find  "  Rogerus  de  Buseley  et  Muriel  uxor  ejus 
dederunt  Clyfford." 

It  must  not  be  supposed  that  the  whole  of  the  revenues  of  the 
Religious  Houses  were  carried  into  a  common  fund  for  the  use  of 
the  community  at  large.  Grants  were  frequently  made  by  bene- 
factors for  specific  purposes,  but  more  frequently  the  abbot  and 
convent,  in  chapter,  appropriated  the  issues  of  certain  manors  and 
lands  for  the  support  of  specific  offices.  Many  instances  might  be 
easily  cited.  In  this  case,  at  an  early  date,  the  Manor  of  Clifford 
was  appropriated  to  the  Abbot's  Chamber,  and  was  administered 
1  Domesday  Survey,  Facsimile  III. 
E    2 


52  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

by  the  Camerarius,  or  Chamberlain,  and  hence  it  became  known  as 
Clifford  Chamberer  or  Chambers. 

There  is  not  much  of  interest  to  be  written  of  the  manor 
during  the  five  centuries,  nearly,  that  it  was  in  the  possession  of 
the  abbey,  but  we  should  not  omit  to  notice  a  few  incidents  : — 

Abbot  Hameline,  who  ruled  the  convent  from  5th  December, 
1148  to  1179,  with  the  consent  of  his  chapter  upon  the  petition  of 
Reric,  son  of  Illger,  granted  in  fee  and  inheritance  to  Walter, 
son  of  Hugh  de  Brithelmetona,  a  certain  virgate  of  land  belonging 
to  Clifford,  in  Warwickshire,  which  the  said  Illger  and  Reric  held 
in  succession  free  and  quit  of  all  services,  except  aids,  at  the  rent 
of  5s.  6cl.  annually  to  be  held  by  the  said  Walter  on  the  same 
conditions.1 

And  the  same  abbot  granted  to  the  said  Walter,  upon  the 
petition  of  Geoffrey,  Dean  of  Hereford,  one  hide  of  land  in  Clifford 
which  Semannus  held,  to  be  held  of  the  convent  in  fee  and  inheri- 
tance at  the  annual  rent  of  20s.,  to  be  paid  to  the  Chamberlain,  to 
be  free  and  quit  of  all  exactions,  except  aids,  and  service  at  the 
abbot's  courts.2 

Of  greater  interest  is  an  extent  of  all  the  manors  held  by  the 
Chamberlain  in  the  year  1266.  These  consisted  of  Clifford,  Buck- 
land,  Guiting  and  Hinton.     The  following  is  the  extent  of  the 

Manor  op  Clifford.3 
Robertus  le   Freman  tenet  quatuor  virgatas  terrse  et  duas 
acras   prati  per   cartam,    qualibet   virgata  existente   triginta  sex 
acris.     Et  tenet  per  cartam  hsereditarie. 

Et  reddit  inde  per  annum  viginti  quinque  solidos  sex  denarios 
ad  duos  anni  terminos.  Et  si  obierit,  dominus  habebit  equum 
suum  cum  hernesio  et  arma,  si  qua?  habuerit.  Et  si  han-es  ejus 
infra  retatem  sit,  dominus  habebit  ipsius  custodiam  et  terras 
ejus  maritagio.  Et  si  legitime  fuerit  aatatis  in  obitu  patris  sui  faciet 
homagium,  et  dabit  relevium  domino  suo  pro  terra  sua,  et  faciet 
forinseca  servitia  quae  ad  terrain  suam  pertinent. 

1  Hist,  et  Cartularium  Monasterii,  St.  Petri,  Glouc,  Vol.  I.,  p.  256. 

2  Ibid.    Vol.  II.,  p.  220.  :t  Ibid.,  III.,  p.  49. 


Manor  axd  Advowsox  of  Cliffokij  Chambers.  53 

Radulphus  de  Eylestone  tenet  unam  vigatam  terra?  continen- 
tern  quadraginta  octo  acras,  et  reddit  hide  per  annum  non  redditum 
aliquem,  sed  sequetur  eomitatum  Warwici  et  hundredum  de  King- 
tone  pro  domino,  et  curiam  de  Cliflbrde  pro  omni  servitio.  Et  si 
obierit,  fiet  de  herieto  et  de  custodia  terrse  et  ha?redis  ipsius  siout 
superius  in  servitio  Roberti  le  Freman. 

Henricus  filius  Fabri  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra?  continemtem 
quadraginta  octo  acras  [pro]  eodem  servitio  in  omnibus  sicut 
pra?dictus  Randulphus.  Et  si  pro  defalta  dictorum  Randulphi  et 
Henrici  dominus  distringatur,  ipsi  in  toto  debent  dominum  in- 
demnem  conservare. 

Willelmus  filius  Symonis  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra?  continen- 
tem  quadraginta  octo  acras  per  cartam,  et  reddit  hide  per  annum 
septem  solidos  ad  duos  anni  terminos.  Et  sequetur  curiam  de 
Cliflbrde.  Et  si  obierit,  fiet  in  omnibus  sicut  de  prsedicto  Ran- 
dulpho.   Et  faciet,  forinseca  servitia  qua?  ad  terrain  suam  pertinent. 

Willelmus  filius  Roberti  tenet  unam  virgatam  terre  per  cartam 
continentem  quadraginta  octo  acras,  et  reddit  hide  per  annum 
septem  solidos  ad  duas  anni  terminos,  et  faciet  in  omnibus  sicut 
pra?dictus  Randulphus.  Duo  molendina  qua?  solebant  reddere 
sexaginta  solidos  et  sex  denarios  ad  quatuor  anni  terminos  erunt 
ad  Annunciationem  Beata?  Maria?  proximo  futuro  in  manibus 
domini,  quia  tunc  terminus  praxlictorum  molendinorum  ad  firmam 
positorum  pra?teriet. 

Willelmus  Molendinarius  tenet  duodecim  acras  terra?  ad  ter- 
minum  vita?  sua?  et  uxoris  sua?  tantum,  et  reddit  inde  per  annum 
decern  solidos  ad  quatuor  anni  terminus.  Et  facit  minutas  con- 
suetudines  non  taxatas  qua?  ad  terrain  suam  pertinent. 

Tota  villa  de  Clifforde  dat  in  communi  de  annuo  redditu  pro 
quadam  parva  pastura  scilicit  [in]  quadam  via  sex  denarios. 

Nicholaus  Hentelove  tenet  unam  mesuagium  cum  curtillagio 
et  duas  acras  terre,  et  reddit  inde  per  annum  tres  solidos  ad  duos 
anni  terminos.  Et  dabit  auxilium  secundum  numerum  animalium. 
Et  dabit  pannagium,  scilicet  pro  porco  superannato  unum  denarium, 
et  pro  juniori  porco  obolum,  dummodo  separatus  sit  vel  liabilis  ad 
separandum.      Et  si  braciaverit  ad   vendendum,  dabit  duodecim 


54  Transactions  eor  the  Year  18S9-90. 

lagenas  cervisire  ad  tonnutum,  vel  pretium  earum.  Et  debet 
redimere  filium  et  filiam.  Non  potest  vendere  equum  nee  bovem 
sine  licentia.  Et  cum  obierit  dominus  habebit  melius  averium 
suam  nomine  haarieti. 

Adam  Textor  tenet  unum  mesuagium  cum  curtillagio,  et  reddit 
inde  per  annum  duodecim  denarios  ad  duos  anni  terminos.  Et 
levabit  fcenum  domini  per  quatuor  dies,  et  valet  duos  denarios. 
Et  faciet  tres  bederipas,  et  valent  quatuor  denarios  obolum.  Et 
alias  consuetudines  faciet  sicut  pmedictus  Nicholaus. 

Willelmus  Marescallus  tenet  unum  mesuagium  cum  curtil- 
lagio et  unam  acram  terrse,  et  reddit  inde  per  annum  duodecim 
denarios  ad  duos  anni  terminos.  Et  faciet  in  omnibus  sicut  dictus 
Nicholaus. 

Alexander  Sinne  tenet  unum  mesuagium  cum  curtillagio  et 
unam  acram  terras,  et  reddit  inde  per  annum  duos  solidos  sex 
denarios  ad  duos  anni  terminos.  Et  facit  tres  bederipas,  et  valent 
quatuor  denarios  obolum.  Et  adunabit  [adjuvabit]  et  levabit 
fcenum  domimi  per  quatuor  dies,  et  valent  duos  denarios.  Et 
omnes  alias  consuetudines  faciet  sicut  praadictus  Nicholaus. 

Hugo  tilius  Laurentii  tenet  unum  mesuagium  cum  curtillagio 
et  unam  acram  terra?,  et  reddit  inde  per  annum  duos  solidos  sex 
denarios  ad  duos  anni  terminos.  Et  facit  tres  bederipas,  et  valent 
quatuor  denarios  et  obolum.  Et  adunabit  [adjuvabit]  et  levabit 
fcenum  domini  per  quatuor  dies,  et  valent  duos  denarios.  Et 
omnes  alias  consuetudines  non  taxatas  faciet  dictus  Nicholaus. 

Thomas  le  Careter  tenet  unum  mesuagium  cum  curtillagio  et 
unam  acram  terrse,  et  reddit  inde  per  annum  duos  solidos  sex 
denarios  ad  duos  anni  terminos.  Et  adunabit  [adjuvabit]  et 
levabit  fcenum  domini  per  quatuor  dies,  et  valent  duos  denarios. 
Et  facit  tres  bederipas,  et  valent  quatuor  denarios  obolum.  Et 
faciet  in  omnibus  sicut  praadictus  Nicholaus. 

Cristina  Widye  tenet  simile  tenementum,  et  facit  adunationem 
[adjuvationem]  foeni  per  quatuor  dies,  et  valent  duos  denarios. 
Et  facit  tres  bederipas,  et  valent  quatuor  denarios  obolum.  Et 
reddit  de  annuo  redditu  ad  duos  anni  terminos  duos  solidos  sex 
denarios.  Et  in  omnibus  aliis  idem  faciet  sicut  praadictus  Nicholaus. 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  55 

Matilda  relicta  Galfricli  tenet  simile  teneraentum,  et  reddit 
indeper  annum  duos  solidos  sex  denarios.  Et  adunabit  [adjuvabit] 
et  levabit  fcenum  domini  per  quatuor  dies,  et  valent  duos  denarios. 
Et  faciet  tros  bederipas,  et  valent  quatuor  denarios  obolum.  Et 
omnes  alias  consuetudines  non  taxatas  faciet  sicut  prfedictus 
Nicholaus. 

Johannes  Lasteles  tenet  unum  mesuasium  cum  curtillasio  et 
reddit  hide  per  annum  duos  solidos  sex  denarios.  Et  adunabit 
[adjuvabit]  et  levabit  fcenum  domini  per  quatuor  dies,  et  valent 
duos  denarios.  Et  facit  tres  bederipas,  et  valent  quatuor  denai'ios 
et  obolum.  Et  omnes  alias  consuetudines  non  taxatas  faciet  sicut 
dictus  Nicholaus. 

Adam  Bruggemon  tenet  unum  mesuagium  cum  curtillagio  et 
cum  quadam  pastura,  et  reddit  inde  per  annum  duos  solidos  ad 
duos  anni  terminos.  Et  sustinebit  pontem  pro  omni  servitio.  Et 
est  ibi  qusedam  collecta  annua  de  tota  villa  cle  Clifforde,  scilicet 
quindecim  solidi,  et  inde  liberantur  annuatim  hundredo  de  Theuk- 
[esburia]  decim  solidi,  et  quinque  remanebunt  domino. 

Willelmus  de  "Wmnecote  tenet  quinque  cotagia  de  feodo  domini, 
et  percipit  inde  novem  solidos  annuos,  et  nihil  inde  domino  reddit 
nisi  sectam  ad  curiam  de  Clifforde.  Et  debit  homagium  domino 
abbati  Gloucestria\  Et  cum  obierit  dominus  abbas  habebit  cus- 
todiam  redditus  pnedicti,  et  hreres  infra  setatem  fuerit,  usque  ad 
legitimam  petatem  ipsius. 

Summa  certi  redditus  per  annum,  prater  hrman  molendinorum, 
septuaginta  sex  solidi  sex  denarii. 

Consuetudinarius  ;  memorandum  quod  plus  tenet.1 

Ricardus  de  Porta  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra?  et  dimidiam 
acram  prati,  virgata  existente  de  triginta  sex  acris.  Et  debet  arare 
dimidiam  acram  ad  yemale  et  dimidiam  acram  ad  Quadragesimale, 
et  illam  terrain  herciare  tempore  seminis.  Et  valet  in  summa  quatuor 
denarios.  Et  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  usque  ad  festuin  Sancti 
Petri  ad  Vincula  debet  qualibet  septimana  operari  opus  manuale 
per  quatuor  dies  cum  uno  homine,  et  valet  qiuelibet  dicta  obolum. 
Et  summagiabit  apud  Gloucestriam  bis  in  anno,  et  valet  octo 
1  This  sentence  is  writen  in  red  ink. 


56  TiiANSACTloxs  fou  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

denarios.  Et  etiam  debet  qualibet  septiraana  quinto  die  vel  sexto, 
pro  voluntate  domini,  summagiare  apud  Hinetone  vel  Boclande  et 
valet  quaelibet  dieta  unum  denarium  obolum.  Et  lavabet  et  tondet 
bidentes  domini  per  duos  dies,  et  valet  unum  denarium,  allocate  ei 
opere  illius  diei.  Et  debet  falcare  pratum  domini  per  quatuor  dies, 
et  valet  quaelibet  dieta  ultra  operationem  debitam  unum  denarium. 
Et  adunabit  [adjuvabit]  et  levabit  fcenum  domini  per  tres  dies  et 
amplius  si  necesse  fuerit  et  valet  quaelibet  dieta  obolum,  non 
allocata  operatione.  Et  debet  cariare  fcenum  domini  per  unum 
diem,  et  valet  duos  denarios  ultra  operationem  illius  diei  manualem, 
quae  extenditur  ad  obolum.  Et  debet  cariare  buscam  ubicumque 
dominus  voluerit,  et  allocabitur  ei  pro  opere  unius  diei.  Et  debit 
facere  duas  bederipas  ante  acl  Vineula  Sancti  Petri  cum  duobus 
hominibus,  et  valent  tres  denarios. 

Summa  valoris  operationem  ante  autumnum  quatuor  decim 
solidi  sex  denarii  obolus. 

Et  a  festo  Beati  Petri  ad  Vineula  usque  ad  festum  Beati 
Michaelis,  debet  qualibet  septimana  operari  in  messe  domini  per 
quinque  dies  cum  uno  homine,  et  valet  quaelibet  dicta  unum 
denarium  obolum.  Et  faciet  octo  bederipas  cum  duobus  hominibus, 
et  valent  in  summa  duos  soliclos.  Et  debit  bis  in  hebdomada  per 
quatuor  septimanas  cariare  bladuin  domini,  et  valet  quaelibet  dicta 
ultra  operationem  manualem  unum  denarium  obolum.  Et  debet 
portare  tassa  in  grangia  domini  per  unum  diem,  et  valet  obolum. 
Et  dabet  auxilium  secundum  quantitatem  terrae  et  numerum 
animalium.  Et  si  braciaverit  ad  vendendum,  dabit  duodecim 
legenas  cervisiae  ad  tonnutum  vel  pretium  earum.  Et  debet 
pannagiare  porcos,  scilicet  pro  porco  superannato  unum  denarium, 
et  pro  juniori  porco  obolum,  dummodo  fuerit  separatus  vel  habilis 
ad  separandum.  Et  non  potest  vendere  equum  nee  bovem  sine 
licentia.  Et  debet  redimere  filium  et  filiam.  Et  cum  obierit, 
dominus  habebit  melius  averium  suum  nomine  lierieti. 

Summa  valoris  operationum  in  autumuo  octo  solidi  et  obolus. 

Walterus  tilius  Yvonis  tenet  imam  virgatam  terrae  continen- 
tem  triginta  sex  acras,  et  facit  in  omnibus  sicut  praedictus  Ricardus. 
Memorandum  quod  plus  tenet. 


Manor  and  Ahvowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  57 

Henricus  de  Wilicote  tenet  unam  virgatam  terrre,  et  facit  in 
omnibus  sicut  prsedictus  Ricardus. 

Alicia  Williames  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra?,  et  facit  in 
omnibus  sicut  dictus  Ricardus. 

Nicholaus  de  Middeltone  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra,  et  facit 
in  omnibus  sicut  Ricardus. 

Matilda  Adam  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra?,  et  facit  in  omnibus 
sicut  dictus  Ricardus. 

Relicta  Johannis  Rondulf  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra?,  et  facit 
in  omnibus  sicut  Ricardus.     Memorandum  quod  plus  tenet. 

Willelmus  le  Orl  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra?,  et  facit  in  omni- 
bus sicut  pnedictus  Ricardus. 

Ricardus  Palmerius  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra1,  et  facit  in 
omnibus  sicut  prsedictus  Ricardus.   Memorandum  quod  plus  tenet. 

Ricardus  de  Ovetone  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra?,  et  facit  in 
omnibus  sicut  dictus  Ricardus. 

Thomas  Rawe  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra?,  et  facit  in  omnibus 
sicut  prsedictus  Ricardus. 

Nicholaus  le  Orl  tenet  unam  virgatam  terre,  et  facit  in  omni- 
bus sicut  prsedictus  Ricardus. 

Bertram  Belami  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra?,  et  facit  in  omni- 
bus sicut  pra?dictus  Ricardus. 

Robertus  filius  Willelmi  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra?,  et  facit 
in  omnibus  sicut  dictus  Ricardus. 

Sampson  Neweman  tenet  unam  virgatam  [terra?]  et  facit  in 
omnibus  sicut  prsedictus  Ricardus. 

Johannes  filius  Willelmi  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra?,  et  facit 
in  omnibus  sicut  praedictus  Ricardus. 

Item  apud  Aileston. 

Galfridus  de  Forde  tenet  unam  virgatam  continentem  viginti 
octo  acras,  et  debet  a  festo  Sancti  Michaelis  usque  ad  festum 
Sancti  Petri  ad  Vincula  qualibet  septimana  per  quatuor  dies 
operari  opus  manuale  cum  uno  honiine,  et  valet  quselibet  dieta 
obolum.  Et  summagiabit  bis  in  anno  ad  Gloucestriam,  et  valet 
octo  denarios.  Et  quinto  die  vel  sexto  qualibet  septimana  sum- 
magiabit apud   Hynetone  aut  Boclande,  et   valet  quselibet   dieta 


58  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

unam  denarium  obolum.  Et  debet  arare  dimidiam  acram  et  illaru 
herciare  tempore  seminis,  et  erit  quietus  per  totam  illam  hebdom- 
adam  qua  araverit  dimidiam  acram.  Et  levabit  et  tondet  oves 
domini  per  duos  dies,  et  valet  unum  denarium  obolum.  Et 
falcabit  pratum  domini  per  quatuor  dies,  et  valet  quselibet  dieta 
ultra  operationem  debitam  duos  denarios.  Et  adunabit  [adjuvabit] 
et  foenum  levabet  per  quatuor  dies,  et  valet  quaelibet  dieta  ultra 
operationem  debitam  obolum.  Et  cariabit  foenum  et  valet  duos 
denarios  ultra  operationem  manualem  illius  diei  qua?  extendit[ur] 
ad  obolum.  Et  debet  cariare  buscam  ubicumque  dominus  voluerit, 
et  allocabitur  ei  pro  opere  diei.  Et  faciet  duas  bederipas  ante 
Gulaustum  cum  duobus  hominibus,  et  valent  tres  denarios.  Et 
a  festo  Sancti  Petri  ad  Vincula  usque  ad  festum  Sancti  Michaelis 
debet  qualibet  septimana  operari  in  messe  domini  per  quatuor 
dies  cum  uno  homine,  et  valet  qurelibet  dieta  unum  denarium. 
Et  debet  quinto  die  summagiare,  et  valet  dieta  unum  denarium 
obolum.  Et  faciet  octo  bederipas  cum  duobus  hominibus,  et 
valent  in  summa  duos  solidos.  Et  debet  bis  in  hebdomada  per 
quatuor  septimanas  cariare  bladum  domini,  et  valet  dieta  ultra 
operationem  manualem  unum  denarium  obolum.  Et  csetera  cuoque 
faciet  sicut  dictus  Ricardus  de  Porta. 

Willelmus  de  Rye  tenet  unam  virgatam  terras,  et  facit  in 
omnibus  sicut  praedictus  Galfridus. 

Thomas  le  Orl  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra,  et  facit  in  omnibus 
sicut  praedictus  Galfridus. 

Rogerus  Silvestre  tenet  unam  virgatam  terra;,  et  facit  in  om- 
nibus sicut  dictus  Galfridus. 

Radulphus  Frankeleyn  tenet  unam  virgatam  [terras],  et  facit 
in  omnibus  sicut  dictus  Galfridus. 

Alicia  Mauger  tenet  unam  virgatam  terras,  et  facit  in  omnibus 
sicut  pra^dictus  Galfridus. 

Ricardus  Newcomene  tenet  unam  virgatam  terras,  et  facit  in 
omnibus  sicut  dictus  Galfridus. 

Robertus  de  Forda  tenet  unam  virgatam,  et  facit  in  omnibus 
sicut  dictus  Galfridus. 

Cristina  relicta  Carectarii  tenet  dimidiam   virgatam  terra?  et 


Manor  and  Asvowsox  of  Clifford  Chambers.  59 

facit  naedietatam  servitii  in  omnibus,  sicut  praedictus  Galfridus  de 
Ford  a. 

Omnes  prsedicti  consuetudinarii  dant  annuatim  de  auxilio 
viginti  solidos,  et  omnes  debent  cariare  molas,  scilicet  petras 
molares  ad  molendinum  domini,  vel  dabunt  in  communi  tredecim 
denarios  quadrantem. 

Item  apud  Clifforde  sunt  quatuor  carucse  arantes  in  dominico, 
et  sunt  ibidem  triginta  sex  boves,  scilicet  cullibet  caruca?  octo 
boves  et  quatuor  ultra. 

From  the  above  Extent  it  will  be  seen  that  in  the  ville  of 
Clifford  there  were  five  Free  tenants.  Of  these,  Robert  le  Freman 
held  of  his  inheritance  4  virgates  of  36  acres  of  land,  and  paid  an 
annual  rent  of  25s.  6d.  If  he  died  the  lord  had  his  horse,  harness 
(armour)  and  arms,  and  should  his  heirs  be  within  age  he  had  the 
custody  of  their  lands  and  their  marriage.  If  of  full  age  on  the 
death  of  their  father,  on  doing  homage  and  paying  their  relief,  the 
lands  were  restored  to  them  subject  to  such  services  as  pertained 
to  the  same. 

The  other  four  free  tenants  held  each  a  virgate  of  land  of  48 
acres.  One  of  these,  Radulphus  de  Eyleston,  paid  no  rent,  but 
was  bound  to  do  the  abbot's  service  in  following  the  Earl  of 
Warwick,  and  at  the  Hundred  of  Kington  for  the  lord,  and  at 
the  Court  of  Clifford  for  all  services;  and  his  heirs  on  his  death 
were  subject  to  the  same  conditions  as  those  of  Robert  le 
Freman.  Henry,  the  son  of  the  Smith  (Fabri)  held  his  virgate  of 
land  also  rent-free  by  the  same  services  in  all  things  as  Randolph, 
and  if  through  default  of  the  said  Randolph  and  Henry,  the  lord 
suffered  loss  the  same  should  indemnify  him. 

The  other  two  tenants,  William  son  of  Symon  and  William 
the  son  of  Robert,  held  their  virgates  by  charter  by  the  same 
tenure  as  Randolph,  and  each  paid  rent  at  7s.  6d.  per  annum. 

There  were  two  mills  which  produced  a  rent  of  66s.  4d.,  and 
William  the  miller  held  12  acres  of  land  for  the  term  of  his  own 
life  and  that  of  his  wife  at  a  rent  of  10s.  per  annum. 

So  that  the  total  issues  of  the  free  tenants  and  the  mills 
amounted  to  £5  0  10  per  annum. 


60  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

There  were  also  nine  cottager  tenants  who  held  between  them 
12  acres  of  land,  and  paid  in  the  whole  19s.  6d.  rent,  and  one 
other  who  held  five  cottages  paid  9s.  rent,  but  he  owed  no  other 
service  to  the  court  of  Clifford.  He  owed  homage,  however,  to 
the  lord  abbot  at  Gloucester,  and  when  he  died  the  abbot  had  the 
custody  of  his  heirs  and  rent  aforesaid  until  they  attained  full  age. 

The  sum  of  the  rents  of  this  class  was  76s.  6d.,  beside  the  farm 
of  the  mills. 

The  customary  tenants  appear  to  have  been  of  two  classes. 
Of  the  first  class  there  were  17,  each  of  whom  held  one  virgate  of 
land,  containing  36  acres  ;  and  of  the  other  class  there  were  8,  of 
whom  each  held  a  virgate  of  28  acres,  and  the  ninth,  a  woman, 
held  half  a  virgate,  or  14  acres.  These  were  held  rent  free,  but 
the  tenants  had  to  give  labour  in  the  cultivation  of  the  demesne, 
the  saving  of  the  crops,  and  other  such  services,  the  value  of  which 
for  each  tenant  was  estimated  at  £1  2s.  7d.  a  year,  the  woman,  in 
respect  to  her  half  virgate,  paying  half  that  sum. 

All  the  aforesaid  customary  tenants  gave  annually  of  aid  20s., 
and  all  owed  mill  carriage,  viz.,  mill  stones,  &c,  to  the  lord's  mill 
or  gave  in  common  13Jd. 

At  Clifford  there  were  four  ploughs  for  the  arable  land  in 
demesne,  and  there  were  36  oxen,  viz.,  for  each  plough  8  oxen 
and  4  besides. 

At  this  date  a  very  large  portion  of  the  manor  consisted  of 
open  fields,  and  so  continued  down  to  the  middle  of  the  last 
century,  when  they  were  enclosed  and  apportioned. 

We  have  no  records  relating  to  the  Abbey  of  St.  Peter's  during 
the  15th  and  16th  centuries,  and  must  therefore  pass  over  the 
history  of  the  Manor  of  Clifford  during  this  long  period.  It  is 
not  likely,  however,  that  any  stirring  incidents  occurred  to  disturb 
its  quiet  course  under  the  government  of  the  abbots  down  to  the 
eventful  reign  of  Henry  VIII. 

By  an  Indenture  dated  in  the  feast  of  St.  Michael  the  Arch- 
angel, 18th  Hem-y  VIII.  (1526),  between  William,  Abbot  of 
St.  Peter's,  and  the  convent  there  of  the  one  part,  and  William 
Raynesford,   Johanna    his   wife,  Charles    their    son,  Joice    their 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  61 

daughter,  John  Alderfull  son  of  Walter  Alderfull,  of  Knyghtwike, 
in   co.  Worcester,  and   Elianora  daughter    of    the    said    William 
Raynesford  of  the  other  part,  it  is  witnessed  that  the  said  abbot 
and  convent  grant,  and  to  farm  demise,  to  the  said  parties  of  the 
second  part   the   reversion   of   the  site  of  the  Manor  of  Clifford 
Chamberer  with  its  appurtenances,  including  two  water  mills  with 
the  mulcture  of  the  tenants  and  the  fishery  of  the  waters  of  the 
same,  now  being  in  the  tenure  of  George  Tumour,  to  have  and  to 
hold   and  occupy  the  said   manor  to  the  said   William   and  the 
others  of  the  second  part  for  the  term  of   61  years,  if  either  of 
.  them  should  so  long  live,  rendering  to  the  said  abbot  and  convent 
by  the  hands  of  the  chamberlain  £16  sterling  per  annum  in  two 
equal  portions,  and  pay  for  the  said  abbot  and  convent  and  their 
successors  16s    10^d  annually  :  viz.,  a  free  rent  arising  out  of  the 
Manor  of  Hyneton  to  the  heirs  of  the  Lord  le  Despenser  10s.,  to 
the  bailiff  of  Tewkesbury  5s.,  and  to  the  bailiff  of  the  Hundred  of 
Kington  2'2%d.;  and  the  said  farmers  (firmarii)  were  to  provide 
for  the  chamberlain  and  steward  [senescallum]  and  their  servants 
and  horses,  twice  annually  when  they  came  to  hold  the  court,  their 
food  and  drink  and  fodder  for  their  horses,  &c,  good  and  honest 
for  two  days  and  two  nights  ;  and  further  the  said  farmers  were 
to  keep  in  repair  the  site  of  the  manor  and  mills  and  all  edifices 
during  the  aforesaid  term,  for  which  they  were  to  have  timber,  &c, 
and  they  were  also  to  have  wood  and  underwood  there  growing, 
heybote,  firebote,  ploughbote,  and  cartbote  by  their  hands  without 
making  waste,  and  the  said  farmers  were  to  collect  rents  and  other 
profits  of  the  manor  and  account  for  them  to  the  said  abbot  at 
Gloucester.     And  the  said  farmers  were  to  receive  on  entering 
upon  the  premises  the  store  of  implements  of  the  aforesaid  George 
and  his  executors,   &c.,  with  covenants  for  the  payment   of  the 
rent,  or  in  default  to  suffer  distraint  and  removal.1 

We  give  a  tolerably  full  abstract  of  this  lease  as  an  example  of 
the  usual  form  of  abbey  leases.  It  will  be  observed  that  no  fine 
was  demanded,  and  it  may  be  concluded  that  the  rent  agreed  upon 
was  considered  the  full  value  of  the  manor  at  this  date,  but  it  is 

1  Hist,  et  Cartularium  Monasterii  Sancti  Petri,  Gloucestria?,  Vol.  III., 
pp.  308-311. 


62  Transactions  foe  the  Year  1889-90. 

well  known  that  the  abbey  rents  were,  generally,  very  low. 

On  the  dorse  of  the  lease  is  the  following  Inventory  of  the 
Implementum  of  the  Demesne,  with  this  title  : — 

Inventorium  sive  staurum  deliberandum  infranominato 
Willielmo  Raynesford  et  aliis  in  ingressu  suo  infra  tirmam  de 
Clifford,  quod  percipiet  de  ultimo  firmario  ibidem  existente,  vel 
ejus  executoribus  sive  assignatis. 

In  prim  is,  octodecim  quarteria  whete. 

Item,  viginti  quatuor  quarteria  barly. 

Item,  sexdecim  quarteria  pulsae. 

Item,  tria  quarteria  otes. 

Item,  duo  oxe  waynes. 

Item,  duo  plowes. 

Item,  octo  yron  cheynes  with  yokes  and  other  necessariis  belonging 

to  two  waynes. 
Item,  two  harrowes  for  horses,  whereof  one  is  called  a  bastard 

harrow  with  yron  teeth. 
Item,  an  horse  saddle,  three  colers  of  lether,  three  payre  of  tracys. 

Item,  a  wayne  rope. 

Item,  two  sackes,  a  busshell  measure  bounde  with  yron,  one  forke 

for  hay,  two  forkes  for  corne. 
Item,  a  fate. 
Item,  forty-eight    acres    twys    falowes    and    thries    falowed    and 

douged. 
Item,  a  trowe  of  stone  for  swyne. 
Item,  a  great  mortar  of  stone. 
Item,  a  coffre. 

Item,  a  tabulborde,  a  payre  of  trestelles. 
Item,  a  ledon  furneys. 

Item,  all  the  haye  of  the  medowes  of  the  demaynes  growing.  . 
Item,  all  the  strawe  and  chaffe  remayning  in  the  garners  at  that 

tyme. 

We  are  informed  by  the  Rev.  Win.  Bazeley  that,  as  might  be 
expected,  there  is  a  large  number  of  leases  copied  into  the  Abbey 
Registers  in  the  Chapter  Library  at  Gloucester,  which  the  editor 
of  the  Historia  et  Cartularium  Monasterii  GlcucestricB  did  not 


Manor  and  Advowson  or  Clifford  Chambers.  63 

consider  of  sufficient  public  interest  to  notice  in  that  work.  Mr. 
Bazeley  says  there  are  no  fewer  than  eighty  deeds  copied  into  the 
registers  relating  to  the  conveyance  of  land  in  the  Manor  of 
Clifford  Chambers  alone,  with  the  names  of  witnesses  and  dates 
of  the  14th  and  15th  centuries.  We  pass  these  by.  They  doubt- 
less were  chiefly  leases  to  farm.  There  are  one  or  two,  however, 
of  later  date  it  will  be  desirable  to  mention. 

In  the  register  of  Abbot  Parker,  Vol.  II.,  is  recorded  a  release 
granted  by  William,  abbot,  and  the  convent,  dated  24th  July, 
1537  (29th  Henry  VIIL),  of  the  site  of  the  manor,  &c,  to  the 
above-mentioned  William  Rainsford  and  Johanna  his  wife,  and 
to  Charles,  Gaudiosa  and  Elianora  their  son  and  daughters,  and  to 
John  and  Walter  Aldersfull,  of  Knightwick,  co.  Wore,  and  to 
William  Rainsford  their  cousin,  son  of  John  Rainsford,  of 
Michel  Teme,  in  co.  Oxon,  from  the  feast  of  St.  Michael,  1534, 
for  the  term  of  80  years,  if  either  of  them  should  so  long  live,  at 
the  rent  of  £17  per  annum.  The  reversionary  interest  still  rested 
in  the  abbot  and  convent,  and,  on  the  3rd  Mar.  1537-8,  in  the  same 
regnal  year,  by  Indenture  under  the  Common  Seal,  they  demised 
to  John  A  Combe.' of  Stratford-upon-Avon,  gent.,  the  reversion  of 
the  site  of  the  same  manor  with  appurtenances.  All  these  leases 
would  seem  to  be  entirely  ignored,  for  what  reason  does  not 
appear,  for  on  the  10th  October  following  (30th  Henry  VIIL)  the 
abbot  and  convent  granted  a  lease  of  the  whole  manor,  with  all 
its  appurtenances  and  franchises  (the  advowson  of  all  churches, 
chapels,  and  chantries  excepted)  for  the  term  of  ninety  and  nine 
years  to  John  Russell,  of  Strensham,  co.  Wore,  Knt.,  and  Jerome 
Cooke,  of  Clifford  Chambers,  gent.,  their  heirs  and  assigns,  to 
commence  from  the  feast  of  St.  Michael  then  last  past,1  at  the 
annual  rent  of  £35  ;  and  there  is  an  extz'act  from  the  Minister's 
Account  of  the  3rd  Edward  VI.  shewing  that  that  sum  was 
received  and  accounted  for  by  the  minister  of  that  year  as  the 
farm  of  the  manor,  and  it  continued  to  be  held  by  the  said  parties 
down  to  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  In  the  4th  year  of  that 
Sovereign,  however,  by  letters  patent  dated  1st  May,  1562,  the 
Queen,  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of  £1,260  paid  into  the 
1  Clifford's  Muniments. 


t}4  Transactions  for  thk  Year  1889-90. 

Court  of  Augmentation,  granted  to  Charles  Rainsford,  Esq.,  all 
the  Manor  and  Lordship  of  Clifford,  alias  Clifford  Chamberer,  with 
all  its  rights,  liberties,  franchises,  ike. ,  and  appurtenances,  late  in 
the  tenure  of  John  Russell,  Knt.,  and  Jerome  Cooke,  gent.,  for  a 
certain  term  of  years  not  as  yet  expired,  and  also  all  those  lands, 
tfec,  called  the  hamlet  of  Ayleston,  in  the  parishes  of  Ayleston 
and  Clifford,  in  the  counties  of  Warwick  and  Gloucester,  of  the 
annual  value  of  £35,  beyond  reprises,  reserving  all  lead  and  all 
advowsons  of  churches,  chapels,  &c,  to  have  and  to  hold  to  the 
said  Charles  Rainsford,  his  heirs  and  assigns  for  ever  by  the 
service  of  the  20th  part  of  one  knight's  fee  for  all  rents,  services, 
and  demands  whatsoever.1 

Charles  Rainsford  was  twice  married.  By  his  first  wife  Jane, 
dau.  of  John  Morgan,  of  Camberton,  co.  Worcester,  by  whom  he 
had  issue  nine  children — -1.  Thomas;  2.  Hercules,  who  succeeded 
him  at  Clifford,  and  was  executor  to  his  father's  will ;  3.  Morgan, 
living  in  1  -r)78  ;  Jane,  who  married  John  Prouse,  of  Slaughter,  co. 
Glouc.  ;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Robert  Wincott,  of  Kensham,  co.  Oxon, 
both  living  in  1578  ;  Eleanor,  who  on  20th  February,  8th  Eliz., 
being  then  40  years  of  age,  surrendered  to  her  father  what  interest 
she  had,  or  was  supposed  to  have,  in  the  manor ;  Margaret  being- 
unmarried  1578.  His  second  wife  was  Frances,  daughter  of 
Henry  Wynrlsore,  who  survived  him,  but  had  no  issue.  On  31st 
May,  10th  Eliz.,  (1568)  Charles  Rainsford  by  his  Indenture  con- 
veyed all  his  estates  in  Clifford  to  certain  trustees  to  the  use  of 
himself  for  life,  remainder  to  Hercules  Rainsford  his  son  and  the 
heirs  males  of  the  said  Hercules  for  ever.  And,  at  Clifford,  on  the 
26th  April,  20th  Elizabeth  (1578),  he  made  his  last  will,  in  which 
he  names  his  daughter  Margaret,  son  Morgan,  and  a  certain 
Ambrose  Rainsford,  whom  we  have  failed  to  identify,  and  appoints 
his  son  Anthony  Rainsford  and  his  (testator's)  wife  Frances, 
executors  to  his  will,  and  died  on  the  30th  of  the  same  month. 
On  an  Inquisition  taken  at  Stratford-upon-Avon,  18th  December, 
following  under  a  torit  diem  clausit  extremum  dated  the  12th 
September  previously,  the  jurors  found  that  the  said  Charles  on 
the  clay  on  which  he  died  did  not  hold  any  lands  or  tenements  in 
1  Rot.  Pat.,  4th  Eliz.,  Part  2. 


Maxor  axd  Advowsox  of  Clifford  Chambers.  65 

the  County  of  Warwick  of  the  Queen  or  of  any  other  person.1 
There  is  no  Inquisition  extant  for  Gloucestershire. 

Thomas  Rainsford,  the  eldest  son  of  Charles,  appears  to  have 
married  a  certain  Alice  and  to  have  resided  at  Clifford,  and 
had  by  her  three  children  ;  Alice,  John  and  Frances.  Frances 
died  in  1576  and  Alice  in  1578.  John  was  not  baptized  until 
1599,  and  we  do  not  know  anything  further  concerning  him. 

Hercules  Rainsford,  who  succeeded  his  father  at  Clifford, 
married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Robert  Parry,  of  Denbigh,  by 
whom  he  had  issue  Henry  and  Elizabeth.  The  latter  became  the 
wife  of  Edward  Marrow,  son  and  heir  of  Samuel  Marrowe,  of 
Barkwell,  co.  Warr.  She  died  29th  Oct.,  1601,  and  was  buried 
at  Clifford,  where  there  is  a  Brass  to  her  memory  (see  Plate  ) 

Hercules  Rainsford  himself  died  2nd  Aug.  1583,  intestate,  aged  39, 
and  administration  of  his  effects  was  granted  the  following  day  to 
Elizabeth  his  relict.  There  is  a  Brass  in  Clifford  Church  commemo- 
rating both  (see  Plate  ).  The  Inquisition  taken  at  Campeden,  on 
11th  Dec.  1583,  is  a  document  of  considerable  interest.  It  begins 
by  reciting  the  convent  leases  of  16th  July,  21th  Henry  VIII. , 
and  3rd  March,  29th  Henry  VIII.,  as  if  they  had  been  carried 
into  effect,  but  says  nothing  of  that  of  the  30th  Henry  VIII. 
to  Sir  John  Russell  and  Jerome  Cooke,  who,  we  have  seen  from 
record  evidence,  held  the  lease  on  to  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
and  it  had  not  expired  when  the  manor  was  granted  in  fee  to 
Charles  Rainsford.  It  recites  also  the  settlement  deed  of  the  said 
Charles,  and  his  will  which  we  have  noticed  above,  and  the  jurors 
say  further  that  the  aforesaid  Hercules  took  to  wife  a  certain 
Elizabeth,  who  was  still  alive  at  Clifford,  as  was  also  Frances  the 
relict  of  his  father ;  and  they  say  further  that  Henry  Rainsford 
is  the  son  and  nearest  heir  of  the  said  Hercules,  and  on  the  18th 
instant  will  be  8  years  of  age.  Lastly  they  say  that  the  said 
Manor  of  Clifford  is  held  of  the  Queen  in  capite  by  the  20th  part 
of  one  knight's  fee,  and  that  its  value  per  annum,  beyond  reprises, 
is  £18.2 

1  Inq.  p.m.  21st  Elizabeth,  No.  110. 

2  Inq.  p.m.,  26th  Eliz.  No.  198. 

Vol.  XIV.  y 


66  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

On  the  2nd  August,  following  the  death  of  Hercules  Rains- 
ford,  an  extent  was  taken  by  Christopher  George,  Esq.,  the 
Queen's  Feodary,  to  ascertain  the  value  of  all  the  manors,  messu- 
ages, lands  and  tenements  of  the  said  Hercules  which  have 
descended  unto  Henry  Rainsford,  his  son  and  next  heir,  of  the 
age  of  8  years  the  18th  of  December  next  after  the  finding  of  the 
office,  taken  at  Campeden  the  11th  December,  26th  of  the  Queen 
(1583). 

First  it  is  found  that  the  site  of  the  Manor  of  Clifford  Cham 
berer,  with  the  houses,  edifices,  buildings,  stable,  lands,  two  water- 
mills,  one  orchard,  two  gardens,  divers  closes,  meadows,  leasowes 
feedings,  and  pastures  to  the  same  belonging  in  the  counties  of 
Gloucester  and  Warwick,  are  worth  by  the  year  c£16.  And  it  is 
stated  that  Frances,  late  the  wife  of  Charles  Rainsford,  deceased, 
is  now  living  and  doth  hold  part  of  the  said  lands  for  her  life  in 
consideration  of  her  jointure,  and  that  the  same  Hercules  died 
seized  of  certain  tenements,  parcel  of  the  said  manor,  of  the  value 
of  £6  a  year,  included  in  the  said  sum  of  £16.  There  were  two 
free  tenants  who  paid  rents  of  assize,  amounting  together  to  lOd. 
per  annum,  two  conventionary  tenants,  who,  together,  paid  a  rent  of 
£2  9s.  Eleven  copyhold  tenants  who,  together,  paid  rents  amount- 
ing to  £8  9s.,  and  twelve  tenants  at  will  who  paid  annually 
£2  15s.  10d.,  making  the  total  value  of  the  manor  £29  13s.  8d. 
(miscast  as  £29  13s.  10d.),  out  of  which  was  payable  an  annuity 
of  £13  6s.  8d.  to  Thomas  Rainsford  for  the  term  of  60  years  if 
the  said  Thomas,  or  any  woman  the  said  Thomas  should  marry,  or 
either  of  them  should  so  long  live ;  and  it  is  stated  that  the  said 
manor  is  held  of  the  Queen  in  capite  by  the  service  of  the  20th 
part  of  a  knight's  fee,  and  that  Elizabeth,  late  the  wife  of  the 
said  Hercules,  is  still  alive.     Dated  15th  June,  26th  Elizabeth1 

Six  months  after  the  death  of  Hercules  Rainsford,  his  relict 
Elizabeth,  who,  the  day  following  his  death,  hastened  to  obtain 
letters  of  administration  to  his  effects,  had  already  contracted  a 
second  marriage  with  William  Barnes,2  of  Taulton,  in  the  parish 

1  Clifford  Muniments. 

2  William  Barnes  was  the  eldest  son  of  William  Barnes,  of  Bercheston 
and  Talton,  co.  Wore. ,  by  Alice  daughter  of Middlemore,  of  Egebaston, 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  67 

of  Tredington,  co.  Wore,  who  by  an  Indenture  dated  10th  June, 
(1584)  made  a  post  nuptial  settlement  by  which  he  conveyed  to 
Sir  Henry  Sidney  and  other  trustees  certain  houses  and  closes  of 
land  in  Wincott,  in  the  parishes  of  Clifford  and  Quinton,  known 
as  a  moiety  of  the  Manor  of  Wincott,  and  also  all  the  Manor  of 
Tadlington,  alias  Taulton,  to  the  use  of  the  said  William  Barnes 
and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  and  the  survivor  of  them,  remainder  to 
the  heirs  of  the  body  of  the  said  William  in  tail  male,  in  default 
remainder  to  the  said  William,  his  heirs  and  assigns  for  ever. 
And  so,  for  the  Manor  of  Taulton  under  the  same  limitations  : 
and  that  the  said  William  and  his  heirs  will  indemnify  the  said 
Elizabeth  against  all  charges  on  the  moiety  of  the  Manor  of  Win 
cote  and  the  Manor  of  Taulton,  except  the  estate  of  Alice  Barnes 
mother  of  the  said  William,  and  the  rents  and  charges  created  on 
the  latter  by  the  will  of  William  Barnes,  deceased,  and  the  rents 
and  services  due  to  the  Queen  and  their  other  chief  lords  ;  and 
further,  if  it  shall  happen  that  at  any  time  during  the  life  of  the 
said  Elizabeth  the  residue  of  the  estate  for  a  term  of  years  by  the 
lease  of  the  Abbot  and  Convent  of  Gloucester  to  John  Combes 
gent.,  deceased,  should  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  said  William  he 
will  convey  the  same  to  the  aforesaid  trustees  to  the  uses  of  the 
said  William  and  Elizabeth  for  life,  remainder  to  Henry  Rainsford, 
son  and  heir  of  the  aforesaid  Hercules  and  the  said  Elizabeth,  and 

co.  Warr.  By  his  will  dated  22nd  August,  1621,  for  the  special  love  and 
affection  for  his  well-beloved  son-in-law  (?  stepson)  Sir  Henry  Rainsford,  Knt. 
and  Dame  Anne  his  wife,  and,  for  the  consideration  of  Sir  Henry,  paying 
all  his  (testator's)  debts  and  legacies,  &c. ,  as  set  forth  in  a  schedule  annexed 
to  his  deed  of  gift  granted  to  the  said  Sir  Henry  and  Dame  Anne  all  his 
goods  and  chattels  except  as  set  out  in  the  said  schedule.  In  this  schedule. 
he  gives  to  his  cousin,  Thomas  Bartlett,  £110  due  on  account.  To  Mrs. 
Freeman,  London,  one  half  of  162  chilver  lambs  (ewe  lambs)  and  one  half  of 
170  theaves  (ewe  lambs  one  year  old)  depasturing  in  his  ground  at  Taulton. 
Mentions  William  Barnes,  the  elder,  of  Taulton,  and  gives  to  him  the  other 
half  of  his  chilver  lambs  and  the  theaves.  To  his  cousin,  Francis  Rainsford, 
second  son  of  Sir  Henry,  a  chain  of  gold,  which  was  his  grandmother's  ;  to 
his  cousin,  Henry  Rainsford,  eldest  son  of  the  said  Sir  Henry,  his  white  bason 
and  ewer  of  silver  and  two  great  pots  belonging  to  the  same  ;  to  cousin, 
Eilinor  Rainsford,  his  wife,  £10  to  buy  a  Jewell ;  to  cousin,  Ann  Goodere  ; 
to  cousin,  William  Barnes'  wife ;  to  sister,  Anne  Woodward  and  Mrs.  Alice 
Alder,  her  daughter  ;  cousin,  Thomas  Hooper  ;  and  many  others  (Probate, 
6th  Nov.,  1621,  P.C.C.) 

F   2 


68  Transactions  for  the  Year  1S89-90. 

the  heirs  of  the  body  of  the  said  Henry,  in  default  to  the  heirs  of 
the  body  of  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  the  said  Hercules  and  Elizabeth, 
in  default  remainder  to  the  executors  of  the  said  William  and 
Elizabeth  the  mother.  And  the  said  William  further  covenants 
that  after  the  coming  of  age,  or  the  marriage  of  the  said  Elizabeth 
the  daughter,  he  will  bestow  upon  her  the  sum  of  £500,  and  that 
he,  the  said  William,  after  the  said  Henry  Rainsford  shall  have 
attained  the  age  of  24  years  will  deliver  to  him  all  such  buttons 
of  gold  and  silver,  and  the  best  salt  of  silver,  with  a  cover,  which 
were  parcel  of  the  goods  of  the  aforesaid  Hercules  Rainsford 
deceased.1 

We  do  not  know  the  precise  date  of  the  grant  of  the  wardship 
and  marriage  of  the  youthful  heir  of  Hercules  Rainsford  to 
William  Barnes,  whether  before  or  after  the  marriage  of  the  said 
William  with  the  lad's  mother,  but  it  was  within  a  year  of  the 
death  of  his  father,  for  William  Barnes  held,  on  behalf  of  his 
ward,  courts  of  the  manor  in  the  26th  year  of  Elizabeth.  There 
is  every  reason  to  believe  that  he  treated  his  ward  with  great 
kindness,  and  protected  his  interest  as  if  he  had  been  his  own  son. 

Henry  Rainsford  did  homage  and  had  livery  of  seizen  of  his 
estate  and  at  the  King's  coronation,  23rd  July,  1603,  he  received 
the  honour  of  knighthood.  He  married  Anne,  only  daughter  of  Sir 
Henry  Goodier,  of  Polesworth,  co.  Warwick.  We  do  not  know 
the  exact  date,  but  it  was  soon  after  1595,  when,  as  one  of  the 
executors,  she  proved  her  father's  will,  dated  26th  January,  1594-5, 
and  proved  by  her  the  6th  May  following.2  Pier  second  son  was 
baptized  in  1599.  On  the  5th  December,  1616,  he  received  letters 
patent  authorising  him  to  impark  and  make  a  free  warren  of  all  or 
any  part  of  his  lands  in  Clifford,  alias  Clifford  Chambers,  and  in 
Aleston,  alias  Alveston,  in  co.  Warwick,  and  the  sheriff  was 
directed  to  levy  £10  upon  any  person  who  should  hunt,  &c, 
within  the  said  manor  over  and  above  the  penalty  of  £10  reserved 
by  act  of  parliament  for  hunting  in  parks,  &c,  to  be  paid  to  the  said 
Sir  Henry  Rainsford,  his  heirs  and  assigns  for  ever.3     The  site  of 

1  Clifford  Muniments. 

2  Probate  with  Clifford  Muniments. 
8  Rot.  Pat.  14th  James,  Part  2. 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  69 

the  park  is  well  known  and  it  called  "  The  Park  "  to  this  day,  but 
it  has  been  long  disparked.  He  died  27  th  Jan  v.,  1621-2,  leaving 
issue  a  son  and  heir  named  Henry,  who  succeeded  him,  born  in 
1599,  as  stated  above  ;  his  elder  brother,  named  William,  having 
died  v.p.;  the  third  brother,  called  Francis,  of  whom  presently. 
By  letters  patent,  dated  20th  November,  1623,  he  received  special 
livery  of  seizin  in  the  Manor  of  Clifford  and  in  all  the  lands  which 
were  heretofore  enjoyed  by  Sir  Henry  Rainsford  his  father, 
Hercules  Rainsford  his  grandfather,  or  Charles  Rainsford  his 
great-grandfather,  or  any  other  person  in  trust  for  them.1  He 
married,  cir.  1619,  Elianora,  one  of  the  two  daughters  and  coheirs 
of  Robert  Boswell,  of  Eastwick,  in  the  parish  of  Combe,  co.  South- 
hants,  by  which  marriage  he  acquired,  Eastwick.  She  died  and 
was  buried  at  Combe,  18th  August,  1637.  He  was  knighted  at 
Tutbury,  17th  August,  1624,  and  was  burgess  in  Parliament  for 
Andover.     He  died  10th  April,  1641. 

In  the  Inquisition  taken  at  Cirencester  on  3rd  May,  1641, 
before  Thomas  Harte,  Esch.,  and  a  jury,  the  jurors  found  that  long 
before  his  death  the  said  Sir  Henry  was  seized  in  his  demesne  as 
of  fee  tail  to  him  and  heirs  male  of  his  body  of  the  Manor  of 
Clifford,  &c,  in  default  of  such  issue  remainder  to  Francis  Rains- 
ford his  brother,  under  like  limitation,  in  default  of  such  issue, 
remainder  to  the  right  heirs  of  the  said  Sir  Henry.  The  jurors 
also  found  that  he  was  seized  of  and  in  free  warren  in  all  his  lan«ds 
in  the  parish  of  Clifford,  ats  Clifford  Chambers,  and  in  the  Manor 
(sic)  of  Aleston,  alias  Alveston,  in  the  county  of  Warwick,  and 
also  in  the  advowson  of  the  Church  of  Clifford.  And  they  say  the 
said  Henry  Rainsford  died  10th  April  last  past,  and  that  Henry 
Rainsford,  Esq.,  is  son  and  heir  of  the  said  Henry  in  the  writ 
named  and  on  the  11th  May  last  past  was  aged  18  years.2 

Sir  Francis  Rainsford,  the  youngest  son  of  Sir  Henry  by  Anne 
Goodere,  was  of  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields,  Middlesex.  He  was 
knighted  at  Theobald's,  22nd  June,  1633.  He  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Henry  Ewer,  of  the  Lea,  co.  Hertford. 

1  Rot.  Pat.,  21st  James. 

-  Inq.  p.m.,  17th  Charles,  Part  3,  No.  8. 


70  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Henry  Rainsford,  the  son  and  heir  of  the  second  Sir  Henry, 
though  so  young  on  his  father's  death,  was  quickly  involved  in  the 
political  troubles  of  the  age  in  which  it  was  his  misfortune  to  live. 
The  great  rebellion  broke  out  very  soon  after  his  father's  death, 
and  Henry  Rainsford,  like  his  neighbours  in  this  part  of  Glouces- 
tershire, who,  as  pointed  out  by  Mr.  Tomes,  ante  Vol.  XII.,  p.  292, 
were  eminently  loyal,  appears  to  have  entered  with  ardour  into 
the  King's  cause,  and,  like  a  large  number  of  the  other  gentry  of 
the  country  who  staked  their  lives  and  lands  thereon  and  lost  the 
stake  to  the  ruin  of  themselves  and  their  families,  he  brought  ruin 
upon  himself.  His  first  step  seems  to  have  been  to  compound 
with  the  Court  of  Wards  for  his  wardship  for  £600,  for  the 
payment  of  which  sum  the  whole  of  his  estates  was  made  over 
by  the  said  court  to  Mr.  Job  Dighton,1  to  whom,  on  15th 
February,  1641-2,  was  granted  his  wardship  and  marriage  to  the 
ward's  use  for  the  sum  of  .£300,  of  which  £100  was  paid  and 
£200  remained  unpaid,  and  the  lands  were  charged  with  it, 
and  a  lease  of  the  lands  was  granted  by  the  court  to  the  said 
Job,  at  the  low  rent  of  £100  per  annum.  Being  in  arms  for  the 
King  at  Oxford  he  was  made  prisoner,  but  effected  his  escape  and 
petitioned  the  committee  to  to  be  allowed  to  compound  for  his 
delinquincy,  for  which  purpose  he  was  required  to  render  the 
particulars  of  his  estate  both  real  and  personal.  In  this  document 
it  is  stated  that,  under  a  deed  dated  1st  February,  17th  James 
(1619-20),  his  father  was  seized  to  him  and  the  heirs  male  of  his 
body  of  the  Manors  of  Clifford  and  Ayleston  in  the  counties 
of  Gloucester  and  Warwick,  and  of  divers  lands  and  tenaments 
thereto  belonging  of  the  yearly  value  before  the  troubles  of  £300. 

The  manor  and  lands  are  chargeable  under  a  deed  dated  7th 
November,  5th  Charles  (1629),  with  an  annuity  of  £80  per  annum 
to  the  Lady  Mary  Rainsford,  late  wife  of  Sir  Francis  Rainsford, 
deceased,  for  the  term  of  her  life.  Besides  which  engagements 
the  said  Henry  Rainsford  is  indebted  to  several  persons  in  the 
sum  of  £1000. 

He  has  also  six  brothers  and  sisters  to  be  provided  for  out  of 
the  estate.     It  is  certified  that  he  took  the  solemn  league  and 

1  Rot.  Pat.,  17th  Charles. 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  71 

covenant  on  the  30th  October,  16-16,  and  on  1st  October,  1619,  he 
paid  <£900  for  his  composition.1 

By  Indenture  dated  1st  April,  21st  Charles  (1615),  Henry 
Rainsford  had  granted  to  Job  Dighton,  described  as  of  the  Middle 
Temple,  Esq.,  and  Richard  Quiney,  citizen  and  druggester,  of 
London,  the  Manor  and  Lordship  of  Clifford,  with  appurtenances, 
and  the  Hamlet  of  Ailston,  with  appurtenances,  together  with  the 
advowson  of  the  Church  of  Clifford,  to  hold  to  the  said  Job 
Dighton,  his  executors  and  assigns,  for  the  term  of  99  years,  if  the 
said  Job  so  long  should  live,  at  the  yearly  rent  of  one  pepper-corn 
if  demanded,  under  certain  provisoes  of  trust.2  By  a  further 
Indenture  dated  1st  February,  22nd  Charles  (1616-7,  Henry 
Rainsford  of  the  one  part,  and  the  aforesaid  Job  Dighton  and 
Richard  Quiney  of  the  other  part,  recites  the  above  abstracted 
Indenture  of  1st  April,  21st  Charles,  and  witnesseth  that  the  said 
Henry  Rainsford  for  the  consideration  mentioned  in  the  before 
recited  Indenture,  and  the  sum  of  £578  18s.  3d.,  all  of  which 
upon  account  made  between  them  amounts  to  the  sum  of  £1371 
3s.  lOd,  hath  remised  and  released  and  for  ever  quit-claimed  for 
himself  and  his  heirs  unto  the  said  Job  Dighton  and  Richard 
Quiney  the  said  trust  provisoe  in  the  said  Indenture  mentioned, 
with  the  intent  to  make  the  said  Indenture  absolute  for  the  full 
term  of  99  years,  and  after  the  expiration  of  the  said  term  to 
revert  to  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  said  Henry  Rainsford  and  his 
heirs,  and  to  none  other  use  and  purpose  whatsoever;  and  it  is 
further  declared  that  a  fine  suffered  by  the  said  Henry  Rainsford, 
in  Trinity  term3  preceding  to  Francis  Smith  and  John  Beddowe, 
of  certain  lands  included  in  the  aforesaid  Indenture,  was  done  for 
the  release  and  extinquishing  of  the  aforesaid  Indenture,  and  the 
said  Henry  Rainsford  for  himself  and  his  heirs  covenants  to  and 
with  the  said  Job  Dighton  and  Richard  Quiney  quiet  possession 
and  free  egress  to  and  from  the  said  premises  during  the  remain- 
der of  the  said  term  of  99  years.4 

1  Royalists'  Composition  Papers,  2nd  series,  Vol.  XXI.,  pp.  187-195. 

2  Clifford  Muniments. 

3  Pedes  Fin.,  22nd  Charles,  Trinity. 

4  Clifford  Muniments. 


72  Transaction's  fok  the  Year  1889-90. 

By  Indenture  dated  8th  December,  1649,  made  between  Henry 
Rainsford,  of  Clifford  Chambers,  Esq.,  of  the  one  part,  and  Job 
Dighton,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Esq.,  and  Henry  Dighton  of  the 
same  place,  gent.,  and  Thomas  Warren  of  the  other  part,  the  said 
Henry  Rainsford,  in  consideration  of  several  sums  of  money 
therein  mentioned,  amounting  to  £4,450,  conveyed  to  the  said 
Job  and  Henry  Dighton,  their  heirs  and  assigns,  his  reversionary 
interest  in  all  the  Manor  of  Clifford,  together  with  the  advowson 
of  the  church,  the  mills,  free  warren,  &c,  with  all  its  appurtenances. 
Thus  the  possession  of  the  Manor  of  Clifford  passed  into  another 
name  and  other  blood. 

Henry  Rainsford  having  sold  his  estates  went  beyond  the 
seas,  as  appears  by  certain  proceedings  in  chancery  dated  1 0th 
July,  1649,  and  died  in  East  Indies  unmarried.  Administration 
of  his  effects  was  granted  5th  December,  1659,  to  Francis  Rains- 
ford his  brother.  This  Francis  was  of  the  Tower  of  London.  He 
married  and  had  issue,  but  it  is  not  our  purpose  to  carry  the 
descent  any  further.3 

Dightox,  of  Clifford  Chambers. 

The  descent  of  Mr.  Job  Dighton  is  not  certainly  known,  but 
it  is  supposed  by  his  descendants  that  he  may  be  identical  with 
Joabe  Dighton,  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Dighton,  of  Ashby  de  la 
Zouch,  co.  Leic,  younger  son  of  Christopher  Dighton,  of  Norman- 
by,  co.  Line,  but  no  evidence  of  this  has  been  obtained,  further 
than  that  Thomas  Dighton  had  a  son  named  Thomas,  and  that  Job 
Dighton,  of  Clifford,  in  his  will,  mentions  a  brother  of  that  name, 
whom  he  makes  trustee  for  his  two  sons.  Moreover,  the  arms 
allowed  in  the  Heralds'  Visitation  of  Worcestershire  in  1569,  to 
the  Dightons  of  that  county,  were  painted  on  two  hatchments  lately 
remaining  in  Clifford  Church,  affixed  to  the  wall  of  the  chancel,  but 
the  hatchments  being  rotten  and  otherwise  decayed,  were  removed 
on  the  recent  restoration  of  that  edifice.  In  one  case  they  are 
quartered  with :  az.  3  falcons  ducally  crowned  o>;  and  bearing  on  an 

1  Clifford  Muniments  "  Rainsford  v.  Whistler. 

3  Those  who  desire  further  information  are  referred  to  a  very  good 
pedigree  of  the  family  printed  in  Vol.  II.,  p.  105,  of  The  Genealogist  (first 
series),  to  which  we  are  indebted  for  some  of  the  facts  above  stated. 


Manor  and  Advowsox  of  Clifford  Chambers.  73 

escutcheon  of  pretence  the  arms  of  Keyt.  These  are  clearly  for 
Richard  Dighton  who  married  Alice,  dau.  and  coh.  of  Francis  Keyt, 
of  Hidcote,  which  Richard  died  in  1738.  On  the  second  hatch- 
ment is  Dighton  quartering  Keyt  and  impaling  Selman  and  Lister 
quarterly.  This  is  for  Francis  Keyt  Dighton,  the  eldest  son  of 
the  above  Richard  (see  ped.  p.  108)  There  is  no  monument  or 
inscription  now  remaining  in  commemoration  of  this  family. 

Job  Dighton  married  Anne,  daughter  of  William  Harswell,  of 
Coventry,  and  died  in  1659.  He  left  two  sons,  Job  and  Henry, 
both  named  in  his  will  dated  21st  September  in  that  year.  He 
bequeathed  to  the  latter  the  arrears  of  rent  due  from  certain 
property  which  he  possessed  at  Loughborough,  co.  Leic,  which 
had  not  been  paid  for  above  twenty  years,  and  his  furniture  and 
books  in  his  chambers  in  the  Temple.  He  gave  to  his  son  Job  a 
sum  of  £100  due  from  Henry  Rainsford,  secured  by  a  judgment 
bond  of  twice  that  amount.  Job,  the  son,  however,  died  in 
1669  unmarried  and  intestate,  and  administration  of  his  effects 
was  granted  to  his  brother  Henry,  who  succeeded  his  father  at 
Clifford,  and  by  Sarah  his  wife,  daughter  of  Dr.  Richard  Bayly, 
Principal  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  and  Dean  of  Salisbury, 
had  issue  Richard  Dighton,  son  and  heir,  who  succeeded  to 
the  Manor  of  Clifford  and  presented  to  the  church  in  1729.  He 
married  Alice,  daughter  and  coheir  of  Francis  Keyt,  of  Hidcote, 
in  the  parish  of  Mickleton,  through  which  marriage  he  acquired, 
on  the  death  of  the  said  Francis,  that  estate  and  other  lands.  He 
had  issue  Francis  Keyt,  son  and  heir,  and  three  other  sons,  Richard, 
Henry  and  John,  and  five  daughters.  Richard  and  Henry  died 
without  issue.  Of  John  we  shall  write  presently.  Richard 
Dighton  (the  father)  died  in  1738,  and  was  succeeded  in  his 
estates  by  his  eldest  son  Francis  Keyt,  who  presented  to  the  rec- 
tory in  1732  and  1735,  during  his  father's  lifetime.  He  married 
Sarah,  only  daughter  of  Daniel  Selman,  of  Old  Ford,  in  Bow,  co. 
Middlesex,  a  Turkey  merchant,  by  Sarah  his  wife,  daughter  and 
heir  of  Matthew  Lister,  of  the  same  place.  He  left  issue  Lister 
Dighton,  his  son  and  heir,  and  two  daughters,  Alice  and  Arabella. 
He  sold,  in  1769,  under  the  direction  of  his  father's  will,  Hidcote 
Bartham  and  the  Mikleton  lands,  acquired  by  his  grandfather's 
1  Heralds  Visit  of  Wore,  15G9,  Hail.  Soc.  Pub.,  Vol.  XXVII.,  p.  49. 


74  Transactions  foh  the  Year  1880-90. 

marriage,  to  Morgan  Graves,  of  the  last  named  place,  Esq,  In 
1776  he  presented  to  the  Rectory  of  Clifford  as  he  did  again  in 
1787.  This  benefice  becoming  void  in  1793  by  the  resignation 
of  John  Brewer,  the  then  rector,  he  presented  his  nephew,  Arthur 
Annesley,  clerk,  thereto.     Lister  Dighton  married  Mary,  daughter 

of Foulds,  of  Bow,  co.  Middlesex,  but  died  in  1807 

without  issue.  By  his  will,  dated  2nd  December,  1805,  he  directs 
that  his  body  shall  be  buried  in  a  plain  and  secret  manner  in  the 
family  vault  in  Clifford  church,  as  near  to  his  late  wife  as  may 
be.  Among  other  legacies  he  gives  to  Mrs.  Mary,  widow  of  Bertie 
Egerton,  late  of  Wednesbury,  co.  Oxon,  clerk,  deceased,  an  annuity 
of  £10  per  annum  for  life.  To  Lister  Mason,  the  godson  of  his 
late  wife,  £50,  and  to  Lucy  Mason,  his  own  god-daughter,  £50. 
To  Elizabeth  Dighton,  widow  of  John  Dighton,  Esq.,  deceased, 
£1000.  To  James  Lucy  Dighton,  Esq.,  £200.  To  his  (testator's) 
niece,  Arabella  Annesley,  £1000.  To  John  Robert  Mason,  of 
Alveston,  £50,  and  to  Mrs.  Mason,  his  wife,  a  mourning  ring.  To 
the  Rector  and  Churchwardens  of  Clifford,  £20,  to  be  placed  out 
at  interest,  and  the  money  arising  therefrom  to  be  laid  out  in 
bread  to  be  given  to  the  poor  on  St  Thomas's  day.1  He  gives  and 
devises  to  his  nephew,  the  Rev.  Arthur  Annesley,  all  his  capital 
mansion  house,  (see  PL  III)  manor,  mills,  messuages,  ic,  &c,  with 
all  it  rights,  royalties,  liberties,  privileges,  and  appurtenances,  and 
all  other  his  real  estate,  wheresoever,  to  hold  all  the  said  estate 
to  his  said  nephew,  Arthur  Annesley,  his  heirs  and  assigns  for 
ever,  and  appoints  his  said  nephew  residuary  legatee.  The  pedigree 
of  Dighton,  of  Clifford,  is  in  the  Annesley  pedigree  jwst  page. 

The  property,  after  remaining  vested  in  the  family  of  Dighton 
for  five  descents,  extending  over  a  period  of  nearly  of  160  years, 
was  carried  by  marriage  into  another  name,  but  before  following 
it  we  desire  to  add  a  few  words  respecting  the  family  of  Dighton 
which  has  now  been  settled  in  Gloucestershire  about  250  years. 

John  Dighton,  fourth  son  of  Richard  Dighton  by  Alice  Keyt, 
was  of  Staples'  Inn,  London.      He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 

1  The  Rev.  Francis  Annesley  in  187*2  made  a  similar  donation  in  aug- 
mentation of  this  bequest. 


PLATE  I  IT. 


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EQ 
O 

s 

P3 
O 

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Manor  and  Advowsox  of  Clifford  Chambers.  75 

John  Hunter,  of  Fort  St.  George,  in  the  East  Indies,  and  by  her 
became  the  founder  of  the  existing  families  of  Dighton,  of  Glouces- 
tershire. 

Annesley,  of  Clifford  Chambers. 

We  have  seen  above  that  Lister  Dighton,  by  his  will,  dated 
2nd  December,  1S05,  bequeathed  the  reputed  Manor  of  Clifford, 
together  with  the  mansion  house  and  all  other  its  rights,  members 
and  appurtenances,  and  all  other  his  real  estates  wheresoever  in 
England  to  his  nephew,  Arthur  Annesley,  clerk,  who  had  been  in 
1793,  upon  the  presentation  of  his  said  uncle,  instituted  to  the  rec- 
tory of  the  church.  This  gentleman  was  the  son  of  Arthur  Henry 
Annesley,  clerk,  D.D.,  of  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  and  Vicar  of 
Chewton  Mendip,  in  co.  Somerset,  by  Alice,  sister  and  coheir  of 
the  aforesaid  Lister  Dighton.  Dr.  Annesley  was  the  fourth  in 
descent  from  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Francis  Annesley,  Knt.,  and 
Bart.,  who  held  many  high  offices  in  Ireland,  and  on  8th  February, 
1628-9,  was  created  Baron  Mountnorris,  in  co.  Armagh,  having, 
on  11th  March,  1622-3,  had  secured  to  him  and  his  heirs  male  the 
reversion  of  the  Viscounty  of  Valentia  after  the  death  of  the  then 
Viscount,  to  which  he  eventually  succeeded.  Lord  Valentia  was 
the  twelfth  in  descent  from  Sir  Reginald  de  Annesley,  of  county 
Notts,  son  of  Ralph,  son  of  Reginald,  son  of  Britto.  By  his 
first  marriage  Lord  Valentia  became  the  ancestor  of  the  present 
Earl  of  Annesley  (the  Viscounty  of  Valentia  and  the  Barony  of 
Mountnorris  having  been  lost  by  his  eldest  son  through  attainder. 
By  his  second  marriage  with  Jane,  fifth  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Stanhope  by  his  second  wife  Catherine,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Trentham,  of  Rowcester  Priory,  co.  Stafford,  and  sister  of  Philip 
Stanhope,  first  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  he  was  the  ancestor  of  the 
Annesleys  of  whom  we  are  writing.  But  this  high  descent  is  as 
nothing  compared  with  the  collateral  descents  of  this  family, 
which  are  traced  from  the  Saxon  Kings  of  England,  Malcolm 
Canmore,  King  of  Scotland,  Henry  I.,  King  of  France,  William 
Duke  of  Normandy,  the  Conqueror,  and  from  four  of  the  six  sons 
of  King  Edward  III.,  and  many  Baronial  lines  (see  Tables  post.). 

The  first  of  the  family  of  Annesley  who  settled  at  Clifford  was 
the  Rev.  Arthur  Annesley,  who  succeeded  to  the  Clifford  estates 


76  Transactions  for  the  Year  1888-9. 

under  the  will  of  his  uncle,  Lister  Dighton,  who  died  in  1807  ;  but 
Mr.  Annesley  had  been  instituted  to  the  rectory,  upon  the  presen- 
tation of  that  uncle,  as  stated  above,  in  1793.  It  would  seem, 
however,  to  be  desirable  in  our  brief  notice  of  this  family  that  we 
should  go  back  to  a  somewhat  earlier  date,  on  account  of  a  re- 
markable incident  which  still  affects  it,  and  will  continue  to  affect 
it,  in  perpetuity. 

We  all  know  the  celebrated  library  (now,  happily,  deposited 
in  the  British  Museum)  which  was  collected  by  Sir  Robert  Cotton, 
Bart.,  the  famous  antiquary.  In  accordance  with  the  will  of  Sir 
John  Cotton,  the  third  Baronet,  grandson  of  Sir  Robert  the  foun- 
der, this  renowned  library  was  purchased  and  dedicated  to  the 
public  use  by  an  act  of  parliament  for  the  sum  of  £'4500,  which 
was  directed  by  the  act  to  be  laid  out  in  the  purchase  of  estates 
in  the  counties  of  Bedford  or  Hants,  in  which  counties  the  bulk 
of  the  Cotton  estates  were  situated,  and  settled  on  the  right  heirs 
of  Sir  John  Cotton  for  ever. 

Sir  John  Cotton,  the  fourth  Baronet,  grandson  of  the  former 
Sir  John,  died  in  1730-1,  s.p.,  leaving  his  sister,  Frances,  his  sole 
heir.  This  lady  married  William  Hanbury,  of  Little  Marcle,  co. 
Hereford,  Esq.,  and,  by  an  act  of  parliament  in  1752  was  granted 
to  her  and  the  male  issue  of  her  four  daughters  in  succession- 
according  to  seniority,  the  privilege  of  appointing  successive  Cot- 
tonian  Family  Trustees  to  the  British  Museum. 

The  two  elder  of  these  daughters,  Elizabeth  and  Frances,  died 
without  issue.  Mary,  the  third,  and  eldest  surviving  daughter, 
in  1732,  married  the  Rev.  Martin  Annesley,  D.D.,  the  grandfather 
of  the  Rev.  Arthur  Annesley,  the  devisee  of  the  Clifford  estates. 

After  the  death  of  Mrs.  M.  Hanbury  in  1796,  Francis  Annesley, 
LL.D.,  Master  of  Downing  College,  Cambridge,  the  eldest  son  of 
Dr.  Martin  Annesley,  became  the  first  hereditary  Cottonian  family 
trustee  of  the  British  Museum.  On  his  death  in  1812,  the  here- 
ditaryship  descended  to  his  nephew,  the  Rev.  Arthur  Annesley, 
Rector  and  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Clifford  Chambers. 

The  Rev.  Arthur  Annesley,  the  first  possessor  of  Clifford, 
married  Elizabeth  Vere,  his  cousin  german,  daughter  of  George 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  77 

Booth  Tyndale,  of  Bathford,  and  of  the  Inner  Temple,  heir-at-law 
of  his  uncle,  the  Lord  Delamere,  by  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Martin  Annesley,  D.D.,  Prebendary  of  Sarum,  Vicar  of 
Bucklebury,  and  Rector  of  Frilsham,  co.  Berks.  By  this  marriage 
the  family  received  a  further  influx  of  the  best  blood  in  England, 
four  descents  from  King  Edward  III.  already  mentioned.  By  his 
will,  dated  19th  May,  1836,  Arthur  Annesley  bequeathed  the 
whole  of  his  estates  in  remainder,  after  the  death  of  his  wife,  in 
equal  shares  to  all  his  children  to  sell  or  retain  as  the  majority 
might  determine.  Accordingly  the  whole  property  was  sold,  with 
the  exception  of  the  Advowson  of  Clifford,  which  was  reserved. 
The  Manor  of  Clifford  was  dismembered  and  sold  in  portions,  the 
greater  part  with  the  royalties,  &c,  having  been  purchased  by  Mr. 
Roberts  West,  of  Alscot  Park,  co.  Warwick,  but  some  portion, 
including  the  manor  house,  have  since  been  purchased.  The  right  to 
the  next  presentation  to  the  benefice  was  conveyed  by  the  members 
of  the  family  interested  to  the  Rev.  T.  Gr.  Tyndale, who  presented  the 
Rev.  Francis  Annesley  in  1845,  and  the  advowson  was  purchased 
of  the  other  members  of  the  family  by  the  present  rector,  the  Rev. 
Francis  Hanbury  Annesley,  as  lately  as  1872.  He  has  married 
his  cousin,  Marie  Charlotte,  only  child  and  heir  of  his  uncle, 
Francis  Annesley,  clerk,  eldest  son  and  heir  of  Arthur  Annesley, 
formerly  Rector  of  Clifford,  as  above  mentioned,  and  has  issue  : 
Edith  Vere,  born  25th  September,  1863  ;  Reginald  Cecil,  born 
15th  April,  1865,  died  December  15th,  1882  ;  Arthur  Dighton, 
born  20th  October,  1866  ;  Isabel  Charlotte,  born  17tn  December, 
1868;  Francis  Cotton,  born  12th  April,  1871;  Alice  Tyndale, 
born  25th  April,  1873  (see  pedigree  post). 

The  Advowson  of  the  Church. 

During  the  whole  period  that  the  Manor  of  Clifford  was  vested 
in  the  Abbey  of  St.  Peter,  the  advowson  of  the  church  pertained 
to  it,  but  it  will  have  been  noticed  that  in  the  grant  of  the  manor 
in  1562  to  Charles  Rainsford  the  advowson  was  reserved.1  After 
a  diligent  search  we  have  been  unable  to  discover  the  grant  from 
the  crown.  It  so  happens  that  the  volume  of  the  index  in  the 
Record  Office  to  such  grants  during  the  period  in  which  this  grant 

1  Rot.  Pat. ,  4th  Elizab.  Part. 


7S  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

would  probably  have  been  made  are  imperfect,  some  pages  being 
missing.1  What  seems  to  be  still  more  remarkable,  we  cannot 
find  any  institution  to  the  benefice  from  1494  to  1574,  when 
the  Queen  presented,  though  Ave  have  searched  the  Episcopal 
Registers  of  Institutions  both  at  Worcester  and  Gloucester.  On 
the  20th  January,  20th  Elizabeth  (1577-8),  Charles  Rainsford 
presented  in  his  full  right.  How  this  right  accrued  we  know 
not,  perhaps  it  was  for  that  turn  only,  for  by  an  Indenture 
inrolled  in  chancery,  dated  8th  May,  23rd  Elizabeth,  1581, 
Henry  Best,  scrivener,  and  John  Wells,  citizens  of  London, 
sold,  inter  alia,  the  advowson  of  the  church  of  Clifford  to  Edward 
Grevill,  of  Milcote,  co.  Warwick,  and  Johan  his  wife,  and  the 
heirs  and  assigns  of  the  same  Edward  for  ever. 

Nevertheless,  we  find  that  by  an  Indenture,  dated  30th  Dec, 
1598  (40  Eliz.),  also  inrolled  in  chancery,  that  Sir  Edward  Greville 
sold  the  said  advowson  to  John  Woodward,  citizen  and  ironmon- 
ger, his  heirs  and  assigns,  and  by  another  Indenture  dated  24th 
February,  1609-10  (7th  James),  Sir  John  Woodward,  Knt.,  son 
and  heir  of  the  aforesaid  John,  deceased,  sold  the  advowson,  &c, 
of  the  said  Rectory  of  Clifford  to  John  Wells  and  Marten  Freeman 
to  the  use  of  Sir  Henry  Rainsford,  his  heirs  and  assigns  for  ever. 

It  would  appear  that  there  must  have  been  some  dispute  with 
respect  to  the  title.  This  is  further  indicated  by  the  irregularity 
of  the  presentations  and  institutions  which  occurred.  It  will  be 
observed  that  King  James  presented,  by  reason  of  lapse,  a  clerk, 
who  was  instituted  1st  February,  160S,  In  the  meantime,  viz., 
on  6th  November,  1606  (4th  James)  an  Indenture  was  made 
between  Sir  Arthur  Ingram,  Knt.  (who  now  first  appears),  John 
Eldred  and  Marten  ffreeman,  before  mentioned,  of  the  one  part, 
and  Sir  Henry  Rainsford  of  the  other  part,  whereby  the  said  Sir 
Arthur  Ingram,  at  the  request  of  the  said  John  Eldred  and 
Marten  Freeman,  and  in  consideration  of  a  sum  of  money,  sold 
all  that  Rectory  or  Advowson  of   Clifford,  with  appurtenances, 

1  It  appears,  however,  from  Abbot  Braunche's  Register  (Gloucester 
Cathedral  Lib.)  that  the  abbey  presented  one  Dr.  Frocester  in  1501,  who, 
doubtless,  was  duly  admitted,  and  we  have  inserted  another  name  found  in 
the  Parish  Register. 


Maxor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  70 

which  theretofore  was  held  by  the  before  mentioned  Henry  Best 
and  John  Willes,  to  the  said  Sir  Henry  Rainsford  and  his  heirs 
and  assigns  for  ever. 

The  advowson,  after  having  for  a  considerable  period,  exactly 
how  many  years  we  cannot  say,  been  held  in  gross,  now  again 
became  attached  to  the  manor,  and  so  continued  until  the  manor 
itself  became  dismembered,  but  it  so  happened  that  no  one  of  the 
Rainsford  lords  ever  again  had  an  opportunity  of  presenting. 

Institutions,  kc,  to  the  Church  of  Clifford. 

1274.  id.  Dec.  Robert  le  Wise,1  Rector  of  St.  Mary's,  by  the 
Friars  Minors,  was  collated  by  the  Bishop  to 
the  Church  of  Clifford  to  hold  in  commendam. 

1324.  id.  Nov.  Thomas  de  Bradewalle  2  was  admitted  to  the 
Church  of  Clifford  upon  the  presentation  of  the 
Abbot  and  Convent  of  St.  Peter's,  Gloucester. 

1344.  John  Kyngcot  3  is  named  as  Rector. 

1349.  June  21.  John  de  Wynchecombe4  was  instituted  to  the 
Church  of  Clifford  upon  the  presentation  of  the 
Abbot  and  Convent  of  St.  Peter's. 

1361.  Sept.  11.  Richard  Bundy5  was  instituted  to  the  Church  of 
Clifford,  void  by  the  death  of  John  the  last 
rector. 

1391.  Feb.  18.  William  Way te6  was  instituted  to  the  Church  of 
Clifford  upon  the  presentation  of  the  Abbott 
and  Convent  of  St.  Peter's  (Glouc.) 

Nob  known.  John  Bokeland. 

1458.  June  16.     Thomas  Jolyff7  was    instituted    to   the    parish 
Church   of    Clifford    Chamberer,    void    by    the 
resignation  of  John   Bokeland,  same  patrons. 
1  Bp.  Giffard's  Reg.,  fol.  47  (Wore.) 
5  Bp.  Cobham's  Reg.,  fol.  36  (Wore.) 

3  Stratford-upon-Avon  Mun.  Records. 

4  Wolstan  de  Braunsford's  Reg.  II.,  fol.  13  (Wore.) 

5  Bp.  Bryan's  Reg.,  I.,  fol.  36  (Wore.) 

6  Bp.  Wakefield's  Reg.,  fol.  89.     He  is  named  as  rector  in  Stratford-upon- 
Avon  Mun.  Records  in  1410  and  1413. 

7  Bp.  Carpenter's  Reg.,  I  ,  fol.  145. 


&0  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

1465.  Mar.  21.  Richard  Skardeburgh,1  Bachelor  in  Theo.  was 
admitted  to  the  Church  of  Clifford  Chamberer, 
void  by  the  resignation  of  Thomas  Jolyff,  same 
patrons. 

1467.  Jan.  29.  Hugh  Chesewell,'2  M.A.,  was  admitted  to  the 
Church  of  Clifford  Chamberer,  void  by  the 
resignation  of  Rich.  Scardeburgh,  same  patrons. 

1494.  Dec.  2.  John  Dorseley  3  was  admitted  to  the  Church  of 
Clifford,  void  by  the  death  of  Hugh  Chesewell, 
same  patrons. 

1501.  Edward  Frocester,  S.T.P.,  was  presented  to  the 

Rectory  of  Clifford  upon  the  death  of  John 
Dursley  by  Abbot  Braunch  and  the  convent  4 

1542.  John  Brown,5  Clarke,  would  appear  from  the 

Parish  Registers  to  have  been  rector  or  resident 
curate  in  this  year.6 

1574.  Nov.  4.  Walter  Roche,7  A.B.,  was  admitted  to  the  Rec- 
tory of  Clifford,  void  by  the  resignation  of 
(blank),  upon  the  presentation  of  the  Queen 
pleno  jure. 

1  Bp.  Carpeuter's  Reg.,  191. 

2  Ibid.,  fol.  216.  He  is  named  as  rector  in  the  Stratford-upon-Avon  Mun. 
Records  in  1469. 

6  Bp.  Morton's  Reg.,  fol.  57. 
1513.     William  Sklatter,  chaplain  of  Clifford,  was  taxed  at  vjs  viijd.  Bp.  de 
Gigliis,  fol.  99. 

4  In  1533  Abbot  Parker  sold  the  next  presentation  to  the  benefice  to  Sir 
William  Kingston,  Knt.,  and  his  son,  Sir  Anthony  Kingston,  Knt. 

5  Glouc.  Reg. 

6  1542.  Charles  sonne  vnto  John  brown  clarke  was  bapt.  10  Oct. 

1545.  Richard  sonne  vnto  John  brown  clarke  was  bap.  14  Aprill. 

1550.  Hellyn  dawghter  vnto  John  brown  clarke  was  bapt.  6  June. 

1551.  Anne  dawghter  vnto  John  brown  clarke  was  bapt.  2  October. 

1 546.  Thomas  sonne  vnto  John  brown  clarke  was  buried  20  Dec1" 
1551.  Agnes  dawghter  vnto  John  brown  clarke  was  buried  26  Decr  r.R. 

There  were  several  other  children  of  a  John  brown  baptized  between  the 
years  above  stated,  but  lie  is  not  described  as  clerk. 

7  1575.  Mary,  dau.  of  Walter  Roche,  minister,  was  baptized.  A  Walter 
Roche  was  the  Master  of  the  Grammar  School  at  Stratford  in  1569,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Thomas  Hunt  in  1571  (Stratford-upon-Avon  Mun.  Records).) 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  81 

1577-8.  20  Jan.  Richard  Faune,1  was  admitted  to  the  Rectory 
of  Clifford,  void  by  the  resignation  of  Walter 
Roche,  upon  the  presentation  of  Charles  Rains- 
ford,  pleno  jure. 

1578.  July  2.  Edward  Vernon2  was  admitted  to  the  Rectory 
of  Clifford,  void  (blank)  upon  the  presentation 
of  the  Queen. 

1585.  Dec.  3.  Hugh  Powell  3  was  admitted  to  the  Rectory  of 
Clifford,  upon  the  presentation  of  Queen  Elizab. , 
by  lapse. 

1585-6.  Feb.  9.  Edward  Vernon4  re-instated  by  order  of  the 
Court  of  Arches,  and  Hugh  Powell  removed. 

1609-10.  Feb.  1.  John  Salisbury,5  A.M.,  was  admitted  to  the 
Rectory  of  Clifford,  void  by  the  resignation  of 
Edward  Vernon,  on  3rd  Nov.  1609,  upon  the 
presentation  of  King  James  I.,  by  lapse. 

1616.  John  Albright6  is  described  as  rector  as  early  as 

this  year. 

1661-2.  Feb.  7.  Jaspar  Maris7  was  admitted  to  the  Rectory  of 
Clifford,  void  by  the  death  of  John  Salisbury, 
upon  the  presentation  of  Henry  Dighton,  Esq., 
pleno  jure. 

1  Glouc.  Bps'  Reg.  -  Ibid.  3  Ibid.  4  Ibid. 

5  Ibid.   John  Salisbury's  bond  for  institution  dated  20  Dec.,  7  Jas.(ltiU9). 
1619.  Alice  dau.  of  John  Salisburie  bapt.  3  Aug. 
1628.  John  son  of  John  Salisbury  bapt.  8  June.   r.R. 
6  1646.  William  son  of  John  Albright,  Rector,  bap.  29  Sept. 

1650.  Mary  dau.  of  John  Albright,  Rector,  bap.  17  Sept. 
He  was,  without  doubt,  one  of  the  Puritan  intruders. 

7  Ibid.  We  do  not  know  the  date  of  the  death  of  John  Salisbury,  but 
Jaspar  Maris  signs  the  Register  as  "  Minister"  early  in  Dec.  1660.  He, 
doubtless,  was  also  an  intruder,  but  continued.  In  the  Register  of  Burials 
we  find  the  following  declaration  :  The  booke  of  articles  of  ye  Religion  of  ye 
Church  of  England  I  Jaspar  Maris  Rector  of  the  parish  church  of  Clifford 
Chambers  in  y°  countie  of  Gloucester  did  read  on  the  Sabaoth  day,  viz.,  ya 
sixth  day  of  April  1  1662  in  the  Parish  Church  of  Clifford  aforesaid  in  the 
end  of  morning  prayers  and  do  approve  allsoe  &  consent  vnto  those  articles. 
In  witness  whereof  I  havj  subscribed  my  name.  Attested  by  eight  parish- 
ioners. 

Mr.  Jaspar  Maris  Rector  of  the  Parish  Church  of  Clifford  Chambers  in 
the  County  of  Gloucester,  Bach,  of  Arts  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  obiit 
y«  10  day  of  Nov.  and  was  buried  ye  12th  aged  71.     i'.R. 
Vol.  XIV.        G 


S2  Transactions  for  the  Year  1S69-90. 

1667.  Nov.  18.  William  Watts'1  was  admitted  to  the  Rectory  of 
Clifford,  void  by  the  death  of  Jaspar  Maris, 
upon  the  presentation  of  Henry  Dighton,  Esq., 
pleno  jure. 

1687.  Nov.  4.  Christopher  Smith2  was  admitted  to  the  Rectory 
of  Clifford,  void  by  the  death  of  William  Watts, 
upon  the  presentation  of  William  Smith,  jun., 
pleno  jure.. 

1729.  Sep.  22.  Richard  Dighton,  A.M.,  was  admitted  to  the 
Rectory  of  Clifford,3  void  by  the  death  of  Chris- 
topher Smith,  upon  the  presentation  of  Richard 
Dighton,  Esq. 

1732.  Aug.  22.     Robert  Goodall  was  admitted  to  the  Rectory  of 
Clifford,  void  by  the   death   Richard  Dighton, 
upon  the  presentation  of  Francis  Keyt  Dighton, 
•pleno  jure. 

1735.  July  30.  John  Martin,  Clerk,4  A.M.,  was  admitted  to  the 
Rectory  of  Clifford,  void  by  the  resignation  of 
Robert  Goodall,  Clerk,  last  incumbent,  upon 
the  presentation  of  Francis  Keyt  Dighton,  pleno 
jure. 

1776.  July  19.  Stephen  Mason,  Clerk,  M.A.,  was  admitted  to 
the  Rectory  of  Clifford,  void  by  the  death  of 
John  Martin,  Clerk,  upon  the  presentation  of 
Lister  Dighton,  of  Clifford  Chambers,  Esq., 
pleno  jure. 

1787.  Aug.  18.  John  Brewer  was  admitted  to  the  Rectory  of 
Clifford,  void  by  the  death  of  the  last  incum- 
bent, same  patron. 

i  Glouc.  Bps'  Reg. 
16S2.  Mary  the  wife  of  William  Watts,  parson,  was  buried  28  Feb. 
1687.  Mr.  William  Wates  buried  21  October,     p.r. 

2  Glouc.  Bps'  Reg. 

1700.  Susannah,  wife  of  Christopher  Smith,  parson,  was  buried  27  July. 
1729.  Mr.  Christopher  Smith  was  buried  23  April. 

3  He  was  the  son  of  Richard  Dighton,  born  10th  August,  1705,  was  of 
St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  and  buried  at  Clifford,  7th  June,  1732. 

4  He  was  rector  also  of  Bucklaud. 


Plate  IV. 


Clifford-   Chambers  ■*■  Church  . 


ttcfrrutu6 

C'usn/t-  HuaU 


GROUND      P  LAN 
( before  JJtiratwri/.) 


(  after JSoct&nsii?fvy 


12  6  0 

I  i  i  I  i  i  I  i  i  I  i  i  i 


cale  of  Feet 

12 


24 


36 


John  Cotton, 


ARCHITECT, 

BIRMINGHAM. 


ManoIv  and  Aj>vowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  83 

1793.  May  22.  Arthur  Annesley,  Clerk,  was  admitted  to  the 
Rectory  of  Clifford,  void  by  the  resignation  of 
John  Brewer,  Clerk,  last  incumbent,  upon  the 
presentation  of  Lister  Dighton,  Esq. 

1803.  May  25.  Arthur  Annesley,  Clerk,  was  admitted  to  the 
Rectory  of  Clifford,  void  by  the  cession  of  the 
said  Arthur  Annesley,  upon  the  presentation  of 
the  same  patron. 

1845.  Mar.  13.  Francis  Annesley,  Clerk,  was  admitted  to  the 
Rectory  of  Clifford,  void  by  the  death  of  Arthur 
Annesley,  Clerk,  last  incumbent,  upon  the  pre- 
sentation of  Thomas  George  Tyndall,  of  Holton, 
true  patron  for  that  turn. 

1879.  July  31.  Francis  Hanbury  Annesley,  Clerk,  M.A.,  was 
admitted  to  the  Rectory  of  Clifford,  void  by  the 
resignation,  on  24th  May  last  past,  of  Francis 
Annesley,  Clerk,  the  last  incumbent,  upon  his 
own  petition. 

The  Church. 

The  ancient  Church  of  Clifford  Chambers  is  dedicated  to  St. 
Helen.  It  was  of  Norman  architecture,  as  shewn  by  various 
remains,  and  originally  consisted  of  nave  and  chancel  only,  with 
N.  and  S.  doors,  and  so  has  remained  to  our  own  time,  though 
there  would  seem  to  be  some  addition  to  it  made  in  the  13th 
century,  external  to  the  north-eastern  end  of  the  nave,  probably 
a  chapel,  but  this  has  long  been  swept  away,  most  likely  in  the 
15th  century  (PL  IV..fij.  1).  Remains  of  a  pointed  arch,  about 
lift,  in  span  exist  in  the  north  wall,  the  jambs  of  which  were 
simply  chamfered,  but  close  by,  on  the  east  side,  is  a  small  shaft 
about  4  ins.  in  diameter,  with  base  and  capital,  the  latter  being 
enriched  with  the  cable  pattern  in  the  hollow.  It  is  difficult  to  see 
the  purpose  of  this  shaft  in  its  present  position,  and  possibly  it  may 
have  been  brought  hither  from  some  other  part  of  the  building. 
The  arch  has  been  walled  up  and  a  Perpendicular  window  of  four 
lights  opened  through  it.   This  may  be  an  indication  of  the  date  of 

G    2 


S4  Tkan.sactiox.s  for  thk  Veab  18S9-90. 

the  removal  of  the  chapel.  In  the  north  wall,  at  the  western  end  of 
the  chancel,  was  a  rectangular  low  side  window,  formerly  known 
as  a  lichnoscope,  but  the  precise  use  to  which  such  windows  were 
applied  is,  we  believe,  still  an  open  question  among  ecclesiologists. 
Many  symbolisms  have  been  attributed  to  it.  This  window,  it 
may  be  remarked,  commanded  a  view  of  the  altar 

The  chancel  arch  in  its  original  state  was  low  and  narrow,  as 
this  feature  in  all  Norman  churches  were,  and  the  windows  were 
also  narrow,  but  usually  deeply  splayed  on  the  inside. 

From  the  13th  to  the  15th  century  no  changes  of  any  con- 
sequence would  seem  to  have  been  made  in  the  structure,  but 
during  the  latter  period  considerable  alterations  would  appear  to 
have  been  effected.  The  whole  of  the  fenestration  of  the  church 
was  changed.  The  narrow  Norman  windows  were  removed,  and 
were  replaced  with  large  windows  of  three  or  four  lights,  with 
tracery  in  the  head  of  Perpendicular  character.  A  tower  in  the 
same  style  was  built  at  the  west  end  of  the  nave  and  a  timber 
porch  was  erected  at  the  south  door.  The  font  would  appear  to 
be  of  about  the  same  date.  It  is  peculiar  in  form,  being  septan- 
gular with  a  circular  bowl  18  inches  in  diameter  and  14  inches 
deep.  The  north  door  has  been  walled  up,  but,  probably,  this 
was  not  done  until  a  later  date  {Plate  IV.,  Jig.  2). 

Again,  about  the  end  of  the  16th  or  beginning  of  the  17th 
century  further  alterations  took  place.  The  roof  was  removed 
and  re-erected  at  a  flat  pitch,  and  the  walls  were  surmounted 
with  an  open  parapet  of  debased  gothic  architecture,  which  still 
remains,  and  about  the  same  time,  or  perhaps  somewhat  later, 
other  changes,  chiefly  of  a  ritual  character,  were  made.  The  altar, 
if  it  had  been  removed,  as  probably  was  the  case,  was  restored  to 
its  original  position  against  the  east  wall  of  the  chancel  and  railed 
in,  in  accordance  with  Archbishop  Laud's  Injunctions,  There 
still  remains  in  the  chancel  the  ancient  piscina,  which  is  of  a 
rather  unusual  type.  It  has  a  semi-octagonal  basin,  supported  on 
a  shaft  attached  to  the  wall.  The  chancel,  previous  to  the  recent 
"  restoration,"  was  lighted  by  a  large  four-light  Perpendicular  east 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  85 

window,  two  single-light  windows  on  the  north  side,  probably 
Early  English,  and  two  two-light  windows  of  the  same  period  on 
the  south. 

The  17th  and  18th  centuries  saw  other  changes  introduced.  A 
new  carved  oak  pulpit  with  sounding  board,  and  reading  desk, 
were  set  up,  as  were  high  square  pews,  displacing  the  ancient 
open  benches,  some  few  of  which,  at  the  extreme  west  end,  re- 
mained underneath  the  gallery  in  1884,  which  gallery  it  was  found 
necessary  to  erect  to  provide  accommodation  which  had  been 
absorbed  by  the  great  square  pews. 

Such  was  the  state  of  the  church  in  1886,  when,  from  its  general 
disrepair,  Mr.  J.Cotton,  of  Birmingham, architect, was  called  upon 
to  examine  and  report  upon  it.  He  found  it,  from  a  long  period 
of  neglect  and  mismanagement,  in  a  condition  of  great  dilapidation 
and  weakness,  and  very  damp  and  unwholesome,  whilst  the  cut- 
ting away  of  the  north  wall  of  the  chancel  for  the  erection  of 
the  Rainsford  monument  had  so  weakened  the  wall  that  serious 
bulging  had  ensued  ;  and  the  practice  of  burials  in  immediate 
proximity  to  the  walls,  especially  those  of  the  chancel,  had  resulted 
in  serious  settlements,  endangering  the  stability  of  the  structure. 
The  result  was  a  determination  to  carry  out  a  thorough  restoration 
of  the  sacred  edifice,  and  we  have  all  learnt  by  this  time  what 
that  means.  Architects  are  not  content  with  simple  restoration, 
they  must  make  some  improvements  of  their  own,  and  generally 
destroy  some  of  the  most  interesting  and  characteristic  features 
of  the  ancient  structure  committed  to  their  charge. 

As  to  the  necessary  repairs  and  removal  of  modern  excrescences 
we  shall  make  no  remarks.  The  principal  alterations  that  have 
been  made  are  the  extension  of  the  chancel  several  feet  eastward, 
making  its  length  disproportionate  to  that  of  the  nave  ;  building 
a  new  organ-chamber  and  vestry  room  combined  on  the  north  side 
of  the  chancel,  with  a  passage  leading  to  it  from  the  exterior  passing 
the  priest's  door,  and  taking  down  a  portion  of  the  north  wall  of 
the  chancel,  opening  it  to  the  vestry  room  ;  removing  the  low  side 
window  from  its  original  position  and  making  it  to  open  into  the 
vestry ;  taking  down  the  western  wall  of  the  chancel  and  original 


86  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Norman  chancel  arch,  and  building  a  new  arch  nearly  the  full 
width  of  the  chancel,  "to,"  in  the  words  of  the  architect,  "  better 
connect  add  open  up  the  chancel  to  the  nave,  which,"  he  hopes, 
"  will  constitute  a  very  great  improvement  in  the  interior."  There 
is  no  chancel  screen. 

The  Bells. 
There  are  five  Bells  in  the  tower  which  were  all  recast  by 
Matthew  Bagley  in  1771,  except  the  fifth,  which  was  recast  in 
1773,  as  shewn  by  the  following  epigraphs.  The  Bagleys  were 
bell  founders  at  Chacombe,  in  Oxfordshire.  An  account  of  the 
family  is  given  by  the  same  person  in  "Beesley's  Banbury,"  p.  93. * 

1  M.  B.  MADE  •  ME  :  THE  ■  LEADER  :  OF  :  THIS  :  PEALE  :  TO  :  BE .  1771 

2  M.  BAGLEY   :   MADE  :  ME  :  1771   :  JOHN   :  SMITH   :  WILLIAM  :  COOKS 

CHURCH  ■  WARDENS. 

3  M.  B.  MADE  :  MEE  :  1771  :  JOHN   :  SMITH  :  SMITH  :  WILLIAM  :  COOKS 
C.  \V. 

4  JOHN    :    SMITH  :  WILLIAM  :  COOKS  :  CHURCH.  WARDENS  :  WILLIAM 

BAGLEY  :  MADE  :   MEE  :  1771. 

5  AND  :  NOW  :  I  :  HOP  :  TO  :  PLEASE  :  YOU    :   ALL  :    AND    :   SING   :  TO 

THE  :  GREAT  :  CREATERS  :  PRAYS  :  MY  :  FATE  :  HATH  :  BEEN  :  UNFOR 
TUNATE   :  BEE  :  FOAR    :   MY   :    SELF  :   COULD   :  RAIS  :  MATTHEW 
BAGLEY  :  MADE  :  MEE  :  1773. 

Running  borders,  as  figured  90  and  9-i  in  Ellacombe's  Church 
Bells  of  Gloucestershire,  surround  eaoh  bell. 

The  Church  Plate. 

The  most  rare,  curious,  and  beautiful  ornaments  belonging  to 
the  Church  of  Clifford  is  the  ancient  Church  Plate,  which  were 
brought  to  licht  on  the  occasion  of  the  visit  of  the  Bristol  and 
Gloucestershire  Archaeological  Society  to  the  church  on  the  11th 
August,  1887.  With  the  obliging  permission  of  the  Rector  and 
Churchwardens  it  was  exhibited  at  the  Society  of  Antiquaries 
soon  afterwards  by  Sir  John  Maclean,  with  the  following  des- 
cription, where  it  attracted  much  attention.  And  it  is  considered 
that  from  the  rarity  of  such  objects,  duly  authenticated,  it  is 
desirable  to  describe  it  with  some  detail  in  the  Transactions  of 
the  Society  for  the  information  of  its  members.  {Plate  V.) 

These  ornaments  very  much  resemble  the  beautiful  chalice  and 
paten  at  Nettlecombe,  described  in  18G7  by  Mr.  Octavius  Morgan 

1  Ellacombe's  Gloucestershire  Bells,  p.  10. 


PLATE  V 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  87 

in  the  Archaeological  Journal,  Vol.  XXIV.  p.  73,  and,  two  years 
afterwards,  beautifully  illustrated  in  the  Archceologia,  Vol.  XLIL, 
Plates  XXI.  and  XXII. 

"  The  chalice  is  6^ins.  in  height,  and  the  bowl,  which  is  4^ins. 
in  diameter  at  the  brim,  and  2^  ins.  in  depth,  is  in  form  like 
that  of  the  Nettlecombe  example,  which  Mr.  Morgan  describes  as 
"  between  a  cone  and  a  hemisphere,  that  is  the  bottom  round, 
"whilst  the  sides  continue  straight  and  conical,"  a  form,  he  says, 
"  which  is  indicative  of  its  date."  The  stem  is  hexagonal,  divided 
by  a  knot  in  the  usual  manner,  the  ornamen- 
tation of  which  very  much  resembles  that  of 
the  Xettlecombe  chalice,  except  that  the  six 
facets  are  flat  and  lozenge-shaped.  The  first 
of  these  bears  a  cross  pattee,  and  the  other 
five  the  letters  IffSVS  in  gothic  capitals  in 
sunken  panels,  which   appear  to   have  been 

.    .       ,i       j-.,,     ,         .,,  i         m,         c  •      Fig.  1.    Knop  or  point  of  the 

originally  failed   with  enamel.      Ihe   toot  is  foot  of  the  Chalice. 

hexagonal,  and  of  the  mullet  shape,  measuring  4f  inches  from 
point  to  point,  these  points  being  guarded  by  crescents  to  pre- 
vent them  from  catching  in  the  altar-cloth  {fig.  1),  the  extreme 
breadth  of  the  foot  being  5£  inches.  On  the  front  panel  of  the 
foot  is  a  representation  of  the  Crucifixion,  the  arms  being  bent 
as  on  the  Nettlecombe  example,  and  there  is  a  sprig  of  foliage 
in  each  angle  at  the  bottom,  but  not  so  full  or  ornate  as  in  the 
example  referred  to.  The  ground  is  roughly  "  hatched,"  and, 
probably,  was  originally  filled  with  enamel. 

The  stem  of  the  chalice  and  the  knot,  together  with  the  mould- 
ings, which  are  plain,  the  Crucifixion,  the  mouldings  of  the  foot 
and  the  crescents,  arc  gilt,  as  is  also  the  inside  of  the  bowl,  the 
gilding  extending  over  the  brim  ^  of  an  inch.  This  chalice  falls 
in  Fb  of  the  classification  of  Messrs.  W.  H.  St.  John  Hope  and, 
T.  M.  Fallow.     It  weighs  11  ozs.  and  16  dwts. 

The  paten  is  5f-  ins.  in  diameter,  the  margin  being  surrounded 
by  a  plain  line  moulding  with  a  brim  f  of  an  inch  wide.  Within 
this  is  sunk  a  six-lobed  concave  depression  about  §  of  an  inch 
deep.     The  marks  of  the  centres  for  striking  the  lobes  still  remain 


88  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

as  on  the  Nettlecombe  paten,  and  the  spandrils  are  filled  with 
radiating  ornaments,  similar  to  those  on  the  example  just  cited, 
except  that  there  is  no  central  boss.  In  the  centre  is  the  vernicle, 
but  this  differs  much  from  that  at  Nettlecombe  in  the  form  of  the 
nimbus  and  in  other  details.  In  this  case  %the  nimbus  would 
appear  to  be  of  a  lunar  form,  extending  as  far  as  the  ears,  and 
below  a  circle  surrounding  the  head,  which  is  hatched,  but  seem- 
ingly too  shallow  for  enamel.  Beyond  this,  rays  on  a  hatched 
ground  extend  to  the  margin  of  the  centre  circle.  The  paten  would 
also  appear  to  have  been  parcel  gilt,  viz.,  the  outer  moulding,  the 
ornaments  filling  the  spandrils  of  the  lobes,  and  the  vernicle.  The 
weight  of  the  paten  is  3  ozs.  16  dwts.  11  grs.  There  is  a.  fleur- 
de-lis  on  the  nimbus. 

With  respect  to  the  Hall  Marks,  this  plate  would  seem  to 
be  unique.  There  are  three  stamps  :  1.  The  leopard's  head 
crowned,  the  crown  being  of  the  earliest  type,  as  pointed  out 
by  Mr.  Hope  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
Vol.  XL,  page  426.  2.  The  date  letter  is  a  gothic  capital  R  in 
Mr.  Cripp's  Table  I.,  3rd  edition,  the  same  cycle  in  which  is 
placed  the  Nettlecombe  vessels  under  B,  which  marks  the  year 
1479-80  as  the  R  does  1494-5.  3.  The  maker's  mark  appears  to 
to  be  an  eagle's  or  a  vulture's  head.  All  the  marks  are  alike  on 
paten  and  chalice,  shewing  that  they  were  made  by  the  same 
craftesman,  and  in  the  same  year.  The  vessels  are  somewhat 
larger  than  the  Nettlecombe  examples,  both  are  perfect  and  in 
excellent  condition. 

Very  few  articles  of  ancient  altar  plate  now  remain  to  us.  I 
believe  that  ten  years  ago  there  were  scarcely  half  a  dozen  massing 
chalices  known  to  exist,  but  since  that  date  several  others  have 
been  brought  to  light,  and  within  the  last  three  or  four  years 
considerable  additions  have  been  made  to  them  by  antiquaries, 
and  especially  are  we  indebted  to  the  energy  and  perseverance  of 
Mr.  W.  H.  St.  John  Hope  in  this  branch  of  inquiry. 

Patens  are  more  plentiful  than  chalices.  They  were  not  in 
the  reign  of  Edward  VI.  and  Elizabeth  so  ruthlessly  destroyed  as 
the  latter.     The  chalice  and  paten  which  are  now  submitted  for 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  89 

inspection  are  among  those  of  the  earliest  date.  Setting  aside  the 
few  funeral  chalices  found  in  the  coffins  of  bishops  and  priests,  the 
chalice  and  paten  found  in  use  at  Berwick  St.  James,  Wilts,  in 
1879,  is  supposed  by  Mr.  Micklethwaite  1  to  be  of  the  13th  cen- 
tury. It  is,  of  course,  not  hall-marked,  nor  is  there,  I  difidently 
venture  to  think,  anything  else  to  indicate  so  great  an  antiquity. 
There  is  a  chalice  at  Hampton  Ridware,  co.  Staff,  to  which  circa 
1350  is  assigned.  The  next  earliest  is  one  at  Gouthland,  co.  York, 
to  which  the  date  1150  is  given.  But  the  ealiest  dated  chalice 
with  its  paten  as  yet  found  are  those  at  Nettlecombe,  to  which 
we  have  frequently  alluded  above,  and  these  are — if  the  date 
assigned  to  the  Nettlecombe  example  be  correct — just  15  years 
older  than  those  to  which  I  invite  your  attention  as,  at  least, 
the  second  earliest  dated  altar  vessels  known  to  be  in  existence. 
In  two  respects  are  these  unique.  There  is  no  piece,  that  I 
know  of,  of  any  other  plate  in  existence  made  in  the  same  year, 
or  by  the  same  silversmith. 

Besides  the  ancient  plate  described  above,  there  are  a  flagon 
and  two  cups.  They  bear  the  hall-marks  used  for  standard  silver 
between  1697  and  1720,  viz.,  the  lion's  head  erased,  and  the 
figure  of  Britannia.  The  year  letter  is  a  court-hand  V,  indica- 
the  year  1715-6.  The  maker's  mark  is  Pa,  surmounted  by  a 
fleur-de-lis  with  dot  in  base,  which  is  the  mark  of  Humphrey 
Payne.  There  is  a  large  flagon  at  Winchcombe  by  the  same 
maker.  The  flagon  at  Clifford  is  of  the  well  known  tankard  type, 
8  ins.  high-  The  cups  are  bell-shaped,  with  paten  covers,  5|  ins. 
high.  The  arms  of  Dighton  impaling  Keyt  are  engraved  on  each 
piece.  This  plate  therefore  was,  doubtless,  presented  by  Richard 
Dighton,  who  died  1738  (see  pedigree,  page  108).  There  are  also 
two  plates  of  pewter  for  collecting  alms. 

Monuments. 

In  the  chancel  are  some  interesting  sepulchral  memorials,  the 

most  important  of  which  is  that  to  Hercules  Rainsford,  in  armour, 

and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  dau.  of  Robert  Parry,  Esq.,  with  the  figures 

also  of  two  sons  and  a  daughter.     It  consists  of  engraved  Brasses, 

1  Proc.  Soc.  Ant.,  VIII.,  p.  155. 


90  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

which,  until  the  recent  restoration  of  the  church,  were  inlaid  on  a 
slab  4  ft.  6ins.  by  1  ft.  10  ins.  on  an  altar  tomb  at  the  east  end  of 
the  nave,  where  the  deceased  probably  was  buried.  His  wife 
survived  him,  and  very  soon  afterwards  remarried,  as  we  have 
seen  above.1  The  pulpit  partially  rested  on  this  tomb,  concealing 
the  figures  of  the  children,  except  their  heads.  On  the  recent 
restoration  of  the  church  the  tomb  was  found  to  be  much  decayed 
and  inconveniently  situated,  consequently  it  was  taken  down  and 
the  Brass  was  removed  and  set  up  against  the  chancel  wall,  the 
entire  figures  of  the  children  being  exposed. 

Hercules  Eaynsford  (as  the  name  is  here  written)  is  repre- 
sented bare-headed,  his  hair  cut  short  and  his  head  resting  on  his 
helmet.  His  moustache  and  beard  are  of  moderate  length.  Around 
his  neck  and  wi*ists  are  slight  frills.  A  gorget  of  plate  reaches  to 
the  chin,  the  paldrons  have  their  upright  edges  scroll-shaped, 
brassarts  of  plates,  with  plain  coudieres,  protect  the  arms,  and  a 
cuirass  covers  the  body.  At  this  period  civilians  wore  trunk-hose, 
and  this  was  also  adopted  by  men  in  armour,  and  the  skirt  of  mail 
disappeared.  Trunk-hose  were  large  breeches,  well  padded,  puffed 
and  slashed.  As  this  stuffing  was  not  of  sufficient  firmness  to 
protect  the  thighs,  to  the  projecting  rim  of  the  breast-plate  or 
cuirass,  were  hinged  tassets,  which  somewhat  fulfilled  the  functions 
of  the  tailles  so  conspicuous  in  earlier  armour.  These  tassets 
consisted  of  a  series  of  small  plates  ri vetted  together,  and  may  be 
considered  to  be  the  last  remnant  of  the  skirt  of  taces.  In  this 
example  the  plates  of  the  tassets  are  of  a  rectangular  form.  Steel 
armour  encases  the  remainder  of  the  legs,  and  his  genouillieres 
have  elegant  rosettes.  Large  rowelled  spurs  are  screwed  into  the 
heels,  whilst  the  sollerets  with  very  wide  toes  complete  the  suit  of 
armour.  Around  the  waist  is  a  narrow  strap,  from  which  hangs 
obliquely,  another  to  which  is  attached,  a  long  sword  on  the  left 
side.     On  the  right  is  affixed  a  short  dagger,  or  misericorde. 

Elizabeth  Eaynsford  is  represented  as  wearing  a  close  fitting 
hood,  cut  square  in  front,  her  hair  being  brushed  back  under  it, 
with  a  lapet,  or  veil,  falling  down  over  her  shoulders  behind,  and 
i  Ante  p.  66. 


PLATE  VI. 


Tmmi 


MkS.lm 


.  jjjma  w^m^wstes  .parr?  c R^Mww^tiw® 


BRASS  OF  HERCULES  RAFNSFORD  AND  ELIZABETH  HIS  WIFE, 
AT  CLIFFORD  CHAMBERS,  1583. 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  91 

a  small  tight-fitting  ruff  about  her  neck,  apparently  tied  with  a 
ribbon  in  front,  the  ends  of  which  fall  down.  Her  gown  is  some- 
what close-fitting  about  the  body  and  arms,  and  close  at  the 
wrists,  which  are  finished  with  small  frills.  The  skirt  appears  to  be 
plaited,  and  is  open  in  front,  shewing  a  handsomely-embroidered 
peticoat  underneath.  A  girdle  encircles  the  waist,  tied  in  a  bow 
in  front,  and  her  shoes  have  broad  toes. 

The  figures  stand  erect,  the  lady  being  on  her  husband's  left 
side,  they  are  mutually  turned  a  little  towards  each  other.  Their 
hands  are  joined  in  the  attitude  of  prayer.  On  the  plate  beneath 
the  feet  is  the  following  inscription  : 

Wtxt  lies  3Suri?cB  theBotHJ?  of  Hercules  ftaintsforO  C?squter 
ILorB  of  tin's  janitor  toijo  marrgeO  ISltjtoctfje  $arn?, 
Daughter  of  Robert  $arn?,  ©squter,  bi?  toijome  ijabmtg 
issue  too  sonnes  anK  on  daughter  DteB  tfje  seeonB  Baije 
of  August  ano  Ont  1583,  anU  in  tije  j>ear  of  Ins  age  39. 

The  children  are  represented  lower  down  on  the  slab,  the  two 
boys  underneath  their  father.  Their  hair  is  cut  close.  They  have 
little  frills  about  their  necks,  and  wear  long  gowns  down  to  their 
feet  with  sleeves  hanging  from  their  elbows.  Their  hands  are 
joined  as  those  of  their  parents.  Their  shoes  are  square-toed, 
Their  faces  are  slightly  turned  to  the  left,  towards  their  sister, 
whose  figure  is  shewn  below  her  mother's.  She  4is  represented 
three-quarter-faced  turned  towards  her  brothers,  her  dress  being 
very  similar  to  that  of  her  mother. 

Above  the  head  of  Hercules  is  the  full  achievement  of  arms 
of  fifteen  quarters,  with  helmet  crest,  and  mantling.  The  arms 
quartered  are  those  of — 1.  Rainsford ;  2.  Wylcotes  of  Wylcott; 
3.  Wyllycotes  of  Tew  Magna  ;  4.  Mollins  ;  5.  Hall ;  6.  Glanville  ; 
7.  Lions  ;  8.  Greene  ;  9.  Scocathe  ;  lO.Wakested  ;  11.  Arderberg  ; 
12.  Purcell;  13.  Berwicke;  14.  Shershall ;  15.  Pratell ;  the  blazon 
of  which  we  have  given  post  p.  99,  but  the  marshalling  is  some- 
what different.  Above  the  head  of  Elizabeth  is  a  shield  Raynsford, 
differenced  with  a  crescent,  impaling  three  boars'  he-ids,  erect,  couped 
2  and  1.  (sett  Plate  VI.) 


92  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Elizabeth  Raynsford,  the  daughter  of  Hercules  (the  little  girl 
figured  on  her  father's  monument),  married  Edward  Marrowe,  as 
described  below,  and  was  buried  at  Clifford,  as  was  her  little 
babe  a  few  weeks  afterwards.1  She  was  commemorated  by  a 
brass  in  the  church,  two  pieces  of  which  are  mentioned  by  Haines 
as  "  loose,"  and  Mr.  Cecil  T.  Davis,  writing  in  Sept.  1885,  says  : 
"  the  two  pieces  of  brass  plate,  forming  this  memorial,  are  lying 
loose  in  the  church,"  sizes  2ft.  Tins,  x  lOins.,  and  1ft.  9ins.  x  6^ins. 
The  church  has  since  been  restored,  and  they  have  now  been  set 
up  against  the  north  wall  of  the  chancel.  The  lady  is  described 
as  having  her  hair  brushed  back  from  the  temples,  and  wearing 
a  French  hood  of  the  shape  popularly  appropriated  to  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots,  but  this  is  nearly  hidden  by  a  huge  calash  which 
covers  the  head  and  shoulders  and  falls  down  behind  the  back 
nearly  to  the  ground.  A  stiff  ruff  encircles  the  neck,  but  no 
frills  are  worn  at  the  wrists,  instead  a  neat  cuff  appears. 
She  wears  a  large  loose  gown,  and  an  embroidered  stomacher, 
peaked  in  front,  relieves  the  plainness  of  the  rest  of  her  costume. 
A  slight  farthingale  supports  the  weight  of  her  skirts,  which  barely 
reach  her  ankles.  Low  thick  soled  shoes,  with  a  rosette  in  front, 
complete  her  dress.  She  is  represented  standing  slightly  turned 
to  her  right,  and  carrying  on  her  right,  arm  a  little  babe  wrapped 
in  swaddling  clothes.  Over  its  head  is  thrown  a  small  hood,  a 
little  ruff  is  round  its  neck,  and  on  its  breast  is  a  plaited  bib. 

On  the  other  piece  is  this  inscription  : 

VNDER  THIS  STONE  LYETH  THE  BODY  OF  ELIZABETH 
DAVGHTER  OF  HERCULES  RAINSFORD  OF  CLIFFORD  IN  Ys 
COVNTY  OF  GLOC:  ESQVIRE,  MARIED  TO  EDWARD  MAR- 
ROWE SONNE  AND  HEIRE  OF  SAMVELL  MAROWE 
OF  BARKSWELL  IN  THE  COVNTIE  OF  WARWICK  ESQ. 
Wn.  ELIZABETH  DECEASED  THE  29  OF  OCTOB'  1601.     (2) 

In  Rudder  (page  375)  mention  is  made  of  another  piece  of 
brass,  on  which  is  a  scutcheon  :  Baron  and  femme,  argent,  a  fess 

1  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Edward  Marrowe,  Esq.,  was  buried  29th  October, 
1601.  Francis,  daughter  of  Edward  Marrowe,  Esq.,  was  buried  7th  Jany. 
1701. — Parish  Register. 

2  See  Plate  VII. 


PLATE  Vir. 


.VNDER  TH1&5T0NE  LYETHTK  BODYOF ELIZABETH 
DAVGHTER  OF  HERCVLES  RAftJSFORD  07  CLIFFORD  INT  "Y 
COVNTY  OF  GLOCiESQVIRE MARIET)  TO  EdWAJRDMAR 
ROWE  SONNE  AND  HEIRE  OF  S/M^ELL  MARROWE 

or  Barkswell  in  tfe  covntie  of  Warwick  Eso_ 
w"elizabeth  deceased  tk  %y  of  OctofjJGoi  • 


BRASS  OF  ELIZABETH  MARROWE,  AT  CLIFFORD  CHAMBERS,  1601. 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers.  93 

engrailed  sa.  betw.  three  maids'  heads  couped  proper,  for  MARROWE  ; 
and:  arg.,  a  cross  sable  for  Rainsford.1  This  has  now  been  annexed 
to  the  effigy,  but  a  portion  of  the  shield  is  still  missing  (PI.  VII.) 

SIR  HENRY  RAINSFORD 

of  Clifford  in  the  County  of  Gloucester,  Knight, 

(son  of  Hercules  Rainsford,  Esq.) 

Died  '27th  of  January  1632 

in  the  Year  of  his  Age  46. 

He  married  Anne,  Daughter  and  Coheyre 

of  Sir  Henry  Gooder, 

of  Polsworth  in  the  County  of  Warwick,  Knight, 

With  whom  he  lived  27  Yeares, 

And  had  Issu  three  sonnes. 

William  died. 

Henry  married  Elenor, 

Daughter  and  coheire  of  Robert  Boswell, 

of  Combe  in  the  County  of  Southampton,  Esq. 

and  Frauncis    

Heiwico  (hen  charum  caput)  Herculis 
Fil.  Rainsforde,  Eq.  Aur.  hujnsque  diem 

Yixit  villa?  Domino,  ingentis  animi 
Yiro,  nee  ideo  prudentis  aut  mitis  minus 
Ad  honesta  qua?cumque  nato,  ad  meliora 
Regresso  fratri  Charissimo 
(&  quod  pulchrius) 
Amico  cum  lectissima  &  luctuosissima  conjuge  ejus, 
Eoromque  (Guliel.  Fil.)  Gooderus  tanti  vix 
Damni  &  superstes,  dum  suis  &  suorum 
Lachrymis  indulget 
Moerentissime, 
Moerentissimus  P.L. 
Nee  minus  exultat  Memoria  exemplo 

(   Charitatis    ^     puiHa     f    Uxor,  familia  amicorum  consensus 
Tantae    -!     Industrial    !-  rp.     .  •      -     Patriae  patriseque  Colonia  Virginia. 
(   Pietatis        )  \   Deus 

Nee  sibi  exoptat  allud  monumentum.  ad 

Meliorum  famam  quam  quod  tantarum 

virtutum,  testis  sit 

HENRICUS  GOODERUS. 

1  We  are  indebted  to  Davis's  "Gloucestershire  Brasses,"  (Nos.  LXX, 
and  LXXVI. )  for  some  of  these  particulars. 


94  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889  90. 

Here  lyeth  the  Body  of  WILLIAM  BARNES,  Esq. 

Lord,  whilst  he  lived,  of  Talkon,  alias  Gadlington, 

in  the  County  of  Worcester, 

which  he  gave  to  his  Nephew 

WILLIAM  BARNES,  Esq. 

and  of  the  Moiety  of  the  Mannor  of  Wincot 

in  this  County  and  Parish, 

which  he  gave  to  his  Son  in  Law 

(Sir  HENRY  RAINSFORD, 

Lord  of  the  Mannor  of  Clifford) 

He  married,  and  having  lived  with  her  36  years, 

died  Sep.  24,  1622,  aged  76. ' 

There  were  formerly  two  hatchments  against  the  wall  of  the 
chancel  bearing  the  following  arms,  but  having  become  greatly 
decayed  they  have  been  taken  down.  There  is  now  no  memorial 
whatever  in  the  church  of  the  family  of  Dighton,  except  the  arms 
on  the  altar  plate. 

1.  Quarterly  :  Ar.  a  lion  pass,  betio.  3  crosses  pattie  fitchy  gu.  for  Dighton — 

2  and  3,  az.  a  chev.  betio.  3  Kites'  heads  erased  or.  for  Keyte.  4  as  Mie 
first :  impaling,  quarterly,  lit  and  Ifbh.  Erm.  on  a  bend,  sable  3  Eaglets 
displayed  or.,  Selman.  2nd  and  3rd  Erm.  on  afess  sable  3  Mullets  or., 
Lister.    Crest — A  lion's  gamb  or.  holding  a  cross  paUe  fitchy  gu. 

2.  Quarterly  1  &  4  Dighton,  2nd  and  3rd  three  Falcons  ar.  ducally  crowned 

or.  on  an  escutcheon  of  pretence  for  Keyte  as  before. 

Upon  a  marble  tablet,  surmounted  by  an  urn,  draped,  is  the  fol- 
lowing inscription  : 

Samtt 

TO  THE  MEMORY  of  the 

Revd.  ARTHUR  ANNESLEY  A.M. 

SON  OF  THE 

REV  ARTHUR  HENRY  ANNESLEY  D.D. 

WHO  DEPARTED  THIS  LIFE 

ON  THE  9th  DAY  OF  FEBRUARY  1SU5 

IN  THE  77th  YEAR  OF  HIS  AGE 

DESERVEDLY  LAMENTED 

BY  HIS  FAMILY  AND  FRIENDS 

HE  WAS  45  YEARS  RECTOR  OF  THIS  PARISH 

AND  HEREDITARY  TRUSTEE  OF  THE 

BRITISH  MUSEUM 

Him  that  cometh  unto  me  1  will  in  no  ivise  cast  out. — John  VIII.,  v.  6. 

1  This  Inscription,  as  printed  by  Rudder,  must,  we  think,  be  inaccurate.  The  name  O 
the  wife  is  altogether  omitted,  though  she  is  referred  to,  and  we  conclude  the  omission  must 
have  arisen  from  carelessness  on  the  part  of  the  transcriber  for  the  press.  The  epitaph 
cannot  now  be  verified,  for  the  gravestone,  unfortunately,  no  longer  exists.  Wm.  Barnes's 
wife  was  Elizabeth,  the  daughter  of  Robert  Parry,  and  relict  of  Hercules  Kuiusford.  {See 
Rainxford,  ante  p.  Ul) 


Manor  and  AdvowsoK  of  Clifford  Chambers.  95 

Also  of  ELIZABETH  VERE 

widow  of  the  above 

who  died  15  june  1s60 

in  the  s7th  year  of  her  age  and  was 

buried  at  torquay 

Charities. 
An  answer  to  the  Instructions  sent  to  the  Minister  and  Church- 
wardens of  Clifford  Chambers  in  the  County  of  Gloucester 
For  directions  to  make  an  accompt  of  all  Charitable  guifts 
within  the  said  Parish,  to  be  Registered  in  the  office  of  the 
Lord  Bishope  of  Gloucester,  as  folio weth  : 

Imp'8  Sr  Hugh  Chasnall,  Clerke,  heretofore  did  grant  and  enfeoffe 
vnto  several  Inhabitants  of  Clifford  aforesaid  fovver  Messu- 
ages or  Tenements  Scittuate  and  beeing  in  Stratford  vpon 
Avon  in  the  County  of  Warwicke,  one  whereof  is  in  the  High 
Street  there,  now  in  the  occupation  of  Thomas  Nason,  one 
other  of  them  in  Bridge  Street  there,  now  in  the  occupation 
of  Christopher  Wharinge,  one  other  of  them  in  a  Street  called 
the  Eeley  Street  in  the  occupation  of  Wield'  Parr,  and  the 
other  of  them  in  a  certain  place  or  Lane  called  the  Chappel 
Lane,  now  in  the  occupation  of  Richard  Marshall.  The 
Rents  and  yssues  thereof  were  and  are  to  be  Imployed  :  (viz* 
for  an  Obit  to  bee  kept  in  the  Church  of  Clifford  aforesaid 
on  Midlelent  Sunday  yearely,  giveing  to  the  Priest  ffowre 
pence  and  to  the  Clerke  Two  pence  To  pray  for  the  Soule  of 
the  said  Sr  Hugh  and  all  Christian  Soules,  and  towards  the 
refreshing  of  the  said  Inhabitants  of  Clifford  at  the  said 
obit,  And  in  meate  for  them  vpon  the  Monday  and  Tuseday 
in  the  Whitson  weeke  yearely,  to  be  bought  after  such  sort 
and  as  it  hath  beene  heretofore  laudibley  vsed,  six  shillings 
two  pence  over  and  besides  Six  pence  before  granted  to  the 
Preist  and  Clerke  there,  making  vp  the  sume  Six  shillings 
Eight  pence,  And  the  residue  of  the  yssues  and  Reveanues  of 
the  fnnisses  to  the  Inhabitant"  of  Clifford  and  their  succes- 
sors &,  the  same  to  be  accompted  for  And  thereupon  to  be 
put  into  safe  keeping  And  finally  to  be  Imployed  it  bestowed 
in  payeinge  of  Tenths  &  fifteenths  or  Taskes  hornishingc  of 


96  Transactions  for  the  Year  1S89-90. 

Soldiers  towards  the  Kinges  Warr,  and  such  other  charges 
whereby  the  said  Inhabitants  may  be  exonerate  of  the  same, 
or  be  Imployd  in  such  other  meane  or  weale  as  by  the  said, 
Inhabitants  shall  bee  thought  meete  hereafter. 

To  ye  3  The  yssues  and  profits  thereof  haue  beene  made  vse  of 
accordinge  to  the  intent  of  the  doner  (except  sixteen  pounds 
fowre  shillings  &  five  pence  thereof  which,  in  the  yeare  of 
Our  Lord  1666,  was  delivered  into  the  hands  of  Henry 
Dighton  of  Clifford  aforesaid  Esq1'  by  William  Case,  one  of 
procto1-8  of  the  said  Parish  and  resteth  detained  in  the  hands 
of  the  said  Henry  Dighto 

Item  There  is  a  House  standing  in  the  churchyard  of  Clifford 
aforesd  called  the  Church-house  built  by  the  Inhabitants  of 
the  parish  and  anciently  enjoyed  by  the  Parishione™  who 
in  former  time  granted  the  same  to  tennants  who  paid  Rent 
to  the  Proctors  of  the  Parish  for  the  publique  vse  of  the 
Inhabitants  vntill  about  nine  years  past  the  said  Church- 
house  was  seized  by  the  said  Henry  Dighton,  and  by  him  is 
still  detained,  And  hath  received  Six  pounds  Rent  for  the 
same  which  Rent  now  rests  in  his  hands 

Item  Thomas  Jackson  of  Clifford  aforesaid  decd  gave  by  his  last 
Will  &,  Testament  one  hundred  pounds  for  a  free  schoole  for 
the  Children  of  the  Parishioners  to  be  taught  by  a  Schoole- 
master,  moreover  he  gave  fifty  pounds  that  the  vse  &,  benefitt 
thereof  should  be  to  the  vse  of  the  Poore  of  the  said  pish, 
and  the  Executors  of  the  said  Thomas  Jackson  gave  other 
fifty  pounds  more  to  the  same  vse  making  vp  the  sum  of 
Two  hundred  pounds  with  which  said  Two  hundred  Pounds 
the  said  Executors  purchased  Lands  to  the  value  of  Ten 
pounds  p  Ann  lyeinge  and  beinge  in  Tiddington  in  the 
Parish  of  Alveston  and  County  of  Warwick,  now  in  the 
occupation  of  William  Cod  win 

Item  Henry  Toms  of  Clifford  aforesaid  dec(1  gaue  Ten  dozen  loafes 
of  Bread  to  the  value  of  Ten  shillings  to  be  distributed  to 
the  poore  of  this  Parish  vpon  good  Friday  yearely  for  euer, 
for  pformance  thereof  hee  charged  or  tied  Three  Tenements  he 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers 


97 


had  within  the  Burrough  of  Straforcl  upon  Avon  aforesaid, 
now  in  the  tenure  of  Mr  Hunt,  hauing  the  Tenement  0f  -^r 
Stephen  Hunt  on  the  north  side,  and  the  Tenernents  of  Henry 
Cawthery  in  Old  Stratford  on  the  south  side  of  them,  And 
is  distributed  accordingly 

Lastly  The  Deeds  and  Evidences  relating  to  the  Bequests  of  the 
said  Sr  Hugh  Chesnall  and  of  the  said  Thomas  Jackson  are 
now  secured  in  the  Chest  standing  in  the  Chancel  of  the 
Parish  Church  of  Clifford  Chambers  aforesaid  in  the  said 
County  of  Gloucester.  Written  and  made  under  the  hand 
and  Seale  of  William  Watts,  Minister,  of  Clifford  aforesaid 
and  vnder  the  hands  of  other  the  said  Parishoners  the  nine 
and  twenttyth  day  of  October,  Anno  Domi,  1683,  Anoc^  Regni 
Regis  Caroli  Seci  in  Angt  &c.  tricessimo  quinto. 


VChiu-chwardens 


J 


Bobt  Loggan 
William  Carle 
William  Smart 
George  Morris 

Exh'30  Oct  1G83 


Mem'1"1  There  is  a  Certificate  dated 
26  Decr  1704  shewing  that  there 
is  an  exact  Terrier  of  the  Glebe 
Lands  in  the  Parish  Chest. 


Wm  Watts  V^i 
The  16u  4s  5d  above 
mencioned  was  before 
my  time,  but  pceive 
if  it  may  be  true  by 
an  Inquisition  thereof 
shewed  me  and  exe- 
cuted at  Stow  before 
the  Comions  for  Chari- 
table vses. 


There  is  also  in  this  Registry  a  Terrier  of  all  Messuages  <k 
Tenements  Glebe  Lands  &  other  appurtenances  belonging  to  the 
Church  &  Parsonage  dated  the  26  February  1677. 1 

1  See  Kelly's  Directory  of  Gloucestershire. 


Vol.  XIV. 


h 


98 


Transaction's  pok  the  Year  1S89-90. 


PEDIGREE  OF  RAINSFORD,  OF  CLIFFORD  CHAMBERS. 

William  Rainsford=^Eleanor,  da.  and  heir  of  Edward  Brockysborne. 

I 

Laurence  Rainsford=f=Elizabeth  Fynes,  da.  of  JamesLord  Saye  and  Sele. 

i 

John  Rainsford,  of  Rains-n=Anne,  daur.  of  Sir  Humphrey 
ford  Hall,  co.  Lancaster.         |  Stokey,  Knt. 


Henry  Rainsford,of  Tew=rElizabeth,  dau.  and  heir 
Magna,  co.  Oxon.  Eldest  I  of  John  Wilcott,  Esq. 


Humphrey  Rainsford. 


son. 


I 


r 


John    Rainsford,  of=pAlice,  dau.  of  Sir 


William  Rainsford,  of=i=Agnes,    daur.    of    William 
Tew  Magna.  |  Anne,    of    Northaston,    co. 

1  Oxon. 

Wm.  Rainsford, =y=Johanna,  da. 


Tew  Magna.  Eldest 
son. 

r 


Wm.  Danvers,  of 
Cothorpe,  co.  Oxon. 


2nd  son. 


of. 
Broke. 


r~ 


Wm.     Rainsford,     Francis,   daur.  of— Charles  Rainsford,  of^pJane,     dau.     of 


living  29th  Henry     Henry  Windsore,  Clifford, co.  Clou. Inq. 

VIII.                           joint  executrix  to  p.m. 21st  Eliz.No.  40. 

her  husband's  Will  dated  Apr,  1578 

will,  living  1582.  died  30th  samemonth 


John  Morgan, 
of  Camberton, 
co.  Worcester 
1st  wife. 


1  Thomas  Rains- 
ford, bapt.*  20th 
Aug.  1540,  living 
25th  June,   1583. 


=Alice.  2  Hercules  Rains- 
ford,  bap.  3rd  Dec. 
1544,  of  Clifford, 
died  2nd  August, 
je.  38,  adm°  of  his 
effects  granted  3rd 
August,  1583,  to 
Elizabeth,  his  relict. 
Inq.  p.m.  26th  Eliz. 
No.  198. 


Elizabeth, 
da.  of  Robt. 
Parry,  re- 
marr.  Wm. 
Barnes,  of 
Clifford, 
living  1582 


i — i 

3  Anthony, 
bap*  Sep.' 1748, 
joint  executor 
to  his  father's 
will.  — 
Morgan,  bap.* 
4th  Nov.  1555. 


r~i 

Alice, 

bur.*   20th 

June,  1578. 

John,  bap.* 
1599. 


Frances,  Sir  Henry  Rainsford,  of  Clif-- 

bap.*25th  ford,  ktd  at  the  King's  coron. 

August ;  23  July,  1603,  exr  of  the  will 

bur.  *  3rd  of  Wm.  Barnes, his  stepfather, 

October,  1001  ;   died   27  Jan.  1631-2, 

1576.  Eet.  41,  bur.  at  Clifford,  m.i. 


Anne,  dau.&  coheir  of 
Sir  Henry  (Joodere,  of 
Poleswortli,  co.  Wore. , 
living  1621. 


r 

\Y  illiam 

Rainsford, 

ob.  v.p. 


Sir  Henry  Rainsford,  of  Clifford  and  of  Combe, : 
South  Hants  ;  bap.*  24th  Dec.  1599,  M.P.  for  An- 
dover  ;  kntd.  atTutbury,  17th  Aug.  1624  ;  died  10th 
Ap.  1641.  Inq.  p.m.,  3  May,  17  Chas.  No.  105  ;  adm° 
7  May,  1641,  to  Frances  Boswell,  the  maternal 
grandmother  of  his  children.  Adm°  de  bonis  non, 
&c,  granted  8th  Nov.  1647,  to  John  Kingston,  a 
creditor. 


Eleanor,  da. 
and  coh.  of 
Rt.  Boswell, 
ofCombe,by 
Frances,  his 
wife;  bur. at 
Combe,  18th 
Aug.  1637. 


Henry  Rainsford,  of  Clifford  ;  bap.*  12  May,  1622,  aged  18  yrs.  12th  May,  1640; 
was  in  arms  for  the  King  and  taken  prisoner  at  Oxford,  and  having  escaped, 
petitioned  Parliament  to  compound  for  his  estates.  Sold  the  Manor  of  Clif- 
ford to  Mr.  Job  Dighton  and  went  beyond  seas,  as  appears  by  Chancery 
Proceedings,  10th  July,  1649  (Rainsford  v.  Whistler).  Died  a  bachelor  in 
East  Indies.  Adm°  of  his  effects  granted  5th  Dec.  1659,  to  Francis  Rainsford, 
his  brother. 


Manor  and  Advowson  of  Clifford  Chambers. 


99 


Arms. 
The  following  arms  appear  on  the  monument  of  Sir  Henry  Rainsford,  in  Clifford 
Church,  who  died  in  1621-2,  but  we  do  not  know  if  they  are  of  authority. 
The  blazon  is  printed  in  Bigland's  History  of  Gloucestershire,  Vol.  I.  p.  386, 
and  agrees  with  a  tricking  in  Harl.  MS.,  1041,  fol.  31b,  and,  generally,  with  the 
Visitation  of  Oxfordshire  in  1574,  in  Queen's  College  Library,  Oxford,  (See 
Harl.  Soc.  Pub.,  Vol.  V.,  page  165),  though  from  the  pedigree  the  arms  would 
seem  to  be  incorrectly  marshalled  :  — 

1.  Argent,  cross  sa.  2  Az.,  an  eagle  displayed  ar.  ducally  gorged  and  beaked 
membered  or,  for  Wylcott.  3.  Az.  an  eagle  displayed  or.  for  Wyllycotes,  of 
Great  Tew,  Oxon.  4.  Sa.  on  a  chief  ar.  three  lozenges  gu.  for  Mollins.  5.  Ar. 
an  eagle  displayed  gu.  for  Hall.  6.  Az.  a  chevron  erm.  betw.  three  bucks  trippant 
or,  for  Greene.  7.  Ar.,  a  chief  indented  az.  for  Glanville.  8.  Per  pale  or 
and  az.  a  cheoron  erm.  for  Lioms.  9.  Gu.  on  a  clievron  ara.  cinquefoil  between 
three  garbs  for  Scocathe.  10.  Ar.  a  chevron  between  three  cinquefoils  gu.  for 
Wakested.  11.  Ar.  a  chevron  Eng.  betiueen  three  escallops  sa.  for  Ardenburgh 
or  Arderboughe.  12.  Vairie  ar.  and  gu.  on  a  bend  sa.  three  boars'  heads 
couped  close  argent  tusked  or.  for  Purscell.  13.  Or.  three  bears'  heads  erased 
sa.  muzzled  of  the  first,  for  Berwicke.  14.  Ar.  three  bendlets  az.,  on  a  canton  sa. 
a  lion  passant  or,  for  Shershall.  15.  Or,  three  chevronels  interlaced  sa.  on  a 
chief  gu.  three  p>latesJor  Prattell.  To  this  may  be  added  the  arms  of  Goodere 
of  Polesworth,"(7«.,  a  fess  between  two  chevrons  vaire  ;  vert,  a  chevron  between 
three  bears'  heads  erased.  Boswell  of  Combe  :  ar.  a  fess  fusillee  of  five  gu.,  in 
chief  three  wolves  or  bears'  heads  erased  sa.  Boswell,  three  doves  ar.  Foote, 
acquired  since  the  settlement  of  the  family  in  Gloucestershire. 


Mary,  bap.*  1556, 
bur.*  19  Ap.  1557. 


~i — r 


Jane,  wife  of 
John  Prous,  of 
Slaughter,  co. 
Glouc. 


Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Robert  Wincott,  of 
Kensham,  co.  Oxon, 
bap.*  Oct.  1542. 


Eleanor,  bap. 
Mar.  1545. 


14th 


1 — i 

Margaret,  bap.* 

19    Jane,     1547. 

living  unmarried 

1578, 

Henry,  bap.*  10 

Mar.  1580. 


Edward,  bap.*  26 
May,  1553,  bur.* 
2nd   Aug.  follow  - 


Dorothea,   bap.  * 
30th  Oct.  1551. 


1 1 

Elizab. ,  wife  of  Edw.Marrowe, another  son,  name 

son  and  heir  of  Saml.  Marrowe,  unknown.  He  probably  died 
of  Barkewell,  co.  Warw.  ;  died  young.  He  is  figured  on  his 
29  Oct.,  1601,  m.i.  at  Clifford.       father's  Brass.  (PI.  VI.) 


Sir  Francis  Rainsford,  bap.*  14th  Sept.=^Mary,  dau.  of  Sir  Henry  Ewer,  of 


1601,  of  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields,  Mid- 
dlesex, and  of  ClilFord,  Knt.,  knighted 
at  Theobald's,  22nd  June,  1632,  des- 
cribed as  Captain,  adm°  of  his  effects 
granted  11th  June,  1635,  to  Dame  Mary 
Rainsford,  his  relict,  in  which  she  is 
described  of  St.  Andrew's, High  Holborn. 


the  Lea,  co.  Herts.  Will  dated  28th 
Aug.  1655  (in  which  she  is  described 
as  of  High  Holborn,  Middlx.)  Prob. 
17  Sept.  following.  Marr.  lie.  dated 
26th  Aug.  1629,  described  as  of  St. 
Dunstan's,  West,  aged  18,  daur.  of 
Henry  Ewer,  Esq. ,  of  the  same  place, 
vj/to  be  married  at  Edgware. 


~l    i    I — i — i 
Many  other 
sons  and 
daughters 


Francis  Rainsford,  2nd  son,  Deputy  Con- 
stable of  the  Tower  of  London,  1676  ; 
Adm"  to  his  brother's  effects,  1659  ;  died 
1 1th  Oct.,  1678,  and  bur.  in  the  Church  of 
St.  Peter  ad  Vincula  in  the  Tower  ;  Will 
dated  2nd  Oct.,  1678,  and  proved  by  his 
relict,  27th  Oct.  following.  \j/ 

*  At  Clifford. 
h2 


=Elizabeth,  Executrix 
to  her  husband's  will, 
which  she  proved  21st 
Oct.,  1678. 


100 


Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 


ACHIEVEMENT    OF    THE 
REV.  FRANCIS 

No. 

1  Annesley  See  Blazon 

2  Chandos,  of  Radbourne 

3  Han  bury,  of  Little  Marcle 

4  Cotton,  of  Ridware 

5  Cotton,  ancient 

6  Ridware 

7  folville 

8  Wessenham 

9  Bruce 

IOEdmund,  King  of  England 


Fig.  2. 

CHIEF   QUARTERINGS    OF    THE 
HANBURY  ANNESLEY. 

No. 

1  11  Malcolm,  King  of  Scotland  23 

2  12  Edgar  Athelin  24 

3  13  David,  Earl  of  Huntingdon  26 

4  14  Hugh  Cyveliok,  E.  of  Chester  28 

5  15  Ranclph,  Earl  of  Chester  31 
10  16  Brocas  &  Roches, quarterly  34&35 
17     17  Dighton,  of  Clifford  46 

19  18  Annesley  49 

20  19  Booth,  of  Dunham  Massey  51 

21  20  Egerton  73 


Royal  Descents  of  Axnesley  axd  others. 


101 


ROYAL  AND  BARONIAL  DESCENTS 


OF    THE    FAMILIES    OF 

JMmcslcg,  (llotton,  $ooth,  ^gnbale 

AND  OTHERS. 


Waiter  de  Ridware,  of  Hamstall=|=Matilda,  dau.  &  heir  of  Nicholas 

Ridware.  I  Peche,  of  Draycot,  co.  Staff.      7 

. I 


r~ 


Roger  de  Ridware,  co.  Staff.  6= 


William  de- 
Cotou.    5 


H 

Simon,  son  of; 
Wm,  Coton. 


1 

Walter   de- 

Ridware. 


Joan,  dau. 
and  heir  of 
John  de 
Basinge.  8 


Walder  de=pJohanna 


Johanna : 

Sir    Reginald   de^fdau.  and  heir  of 

,  Huskarle 

(a   Huskarle 
held  Clopton  of 
Wm.   Gozen- 
boded,  temp. 
Domesday). 


-Wm.  =Isabe 
Cotou. 


la. 


Annesley,  of  co.  Notts, 
son  of  Ralph,  son  of 
Reginald, son  of  Britto 


Waldes- 
chief. 

Sir  Walt.  = 
de  Rid- 
ware,   of 
Hamstall 
Ridware 
co.  Staff. 


da.  &  heir 


Joan, 
dau.  and 
heir. 
9 


r™ 


Edmund1 

Cotton, 
16  Ed.  III. 


Sir  John  Annesley,  =p  Annora,  dau.  of 


of  Annesley,  Knt.,  of 
which  he  had  free 
warren  12S0.  Sheriff 
of  Derby  and  Notts, 
14-1S.  Edward  I.  ob.  8 
Sept.,  9  Edw.  II.  (131 5) 


Sir  Robt.  Pier- 
point,  ob.  10th 
May,  10  Ed.  III. 
(1336). 


i 

=Cath-  SirWalt.= 

erine    de    Rid- 
ware, 
aged  32, 
1359. 

i '  caston.  10 

Agnes,  da.  and  heir 
Walter  Ridware. 
11 


Elizab., 
d.  &  heir 
of    John 
Falconer 
of  Thur- 


Sir     John    Annesley,  =j= da.  of. 


Knt.,  ob.  23rd  June, 
31st  Edw.  III.  (1357). 


Gregor. 


William  Coton,  of; 
Ridware,  jure 
uxor  is. 

I 

John     Coton,    of=i=Isabella,  or  Elizab. 

Hempstall      Rid-     dau.  and  heir  of  Sir 

ware,    anno    12th     Wm.   Fawkenor,  of 

Hen.  IV.  Thurcaston,  co. 

-J-Linc.     12 

(page  104)  A 


(pcvje  104)  B 


102 


Transactions  fok  the  Yeak  1SS9-90. 


Richard  de  Abrincis,=j=Emma,  sister  of  Williamthe  Conqueror. 


Hugh  Lupus,  = 
Earl  of  Chester, 
ob.  1101-  29 


Ermentrude, 
da.  of  Hugh  de 
Claremont, 
Earl  of  Bevoys. 


Ralph   de   Meschines,=fMaud,  coheir  of  her 


Lord  of  Cumberland. 

31 


Richard,  E.  of  Chester,  ob.  s.p.  1119. 


Edmund  II.,  King  of  England, = 
called  Ironside,  ob.  1016.       21 


=Algitha,  sister  of  Edric, 
Earl  of  Mercia. 


Edward,  called  the  Outlaw,  =f=Agatha,  daur.  of  Henry  II., 
ob.  soon  after  1057-  I  Emperor  of  Germany.       22 


nephew,  Richard 
Earl  of  Chester. 


i 

Edgar 
Athelin, 
ob.  s.p. 


MalcolmIII.= 
(Canmore) 
King  of 
Scotland.  23 


:Margt.  sis.  & 
heir  of  Edgar 
Athelin. 
24-25 


Ranulph  Bricasard,: 
Lord  of  Cumberland 
and  Earl  of  Chester 
ob.  112S.  31 


Lucia,  d.  of  Algar 
Earl  of  Mercia, 
relict  of  Roger  de 
Roi  nara,  E.  of  Leic. 


Alexander 
K.  of  Scot. 
ob.  s.p. 
1107. 


David  I.- 
King of 
Scotland 


-Maud,  da.  &  heir 
of  Waltheof,  Earl 
of  Huntingdon, 
by  Judith,  grand- 
daughter of  Wm, 
the  Conqueror. 


Randolph, = 
surnamed 
Gernons,Earl 
of  Chester. 


Maud,  dau.  of  Robert 
the  Consul,  Earl  of 
Glo'ster,  illegitimate 
son  of  King  Henry  I. , 
by  Mabel,  d.  &  coh.  of 
Robt.  Fitz  Hamon  32 


r- 


Henry,  Prince  of: 
Scotland,  Earl  of 
Huntingdon,    ob. 
1152,  v.  p. 


r 


Adama,  dau.  of  Hugh 
Magnus,  E.  of  Warren 
and  Surrey,  by  Eliz., 
da.  of  Hugh  Magnus, 
2nd  son  of  K.  Hen.  I. 
of  France,  rel.of  Robt. 
de  Beaumont,  Count 
of  Meullent. 


Hugh 
liok,  Earl 
Palatine  of 
Chester, 
ob.  1181. 


Cyve-=pBertred,  da.  of  Simon 


Earl   of    Evereus, 
Normandy. 


in 


l~ 


— 1 


28 


Isabella,  dau.  and  coheir. 


David,  3rd  son,  Earl  of   Huntingdon=T=Maud,  dau.  and  coh._of  Hugh  Cyveliok. 

and  Garriock,  ' 

Robert    Brus,  Lord  of   Annandale,  in  Scotland, = 
nearest  male  heir  in  blood  to  the  Crown  of  Scot- 
land on  the  death  of  the  Fair  Maid  of  Norway. 

Bernard  Brus,  2nd  son,  Lord  of  Connington  and: 
Exton,  ob.  before  Aug.  1266.  Inq.  p.m.,  50th 
Henry  III.  No.  51. 


26 

Constance, 
Morteyn. 


dau.  of 


r 


Bernard  Brus,  Lord  of  Connington  and  Exton,  =f=  Agatha,  da.  of  ,  claimed 

ob.  23  Nov.  1300.     Inq.  p.m.,  4  Ed.  III.  No.  38.  |  dower  30  Edw.  I.,  Ex.  145. 

I 

Bernard  Brus,  Lord  of  Connington  and  Exton^Agnes,  da.  of  ,  survived 


aged  26  on  his  father's  death.    Died  3  Edw.  III. 
(1329).  Inq.  p.m.,  4  Edw.  III.  No.  9. 


her  husband,  ob.  10  Edw.  III. 


Bernard  de  Brus,  son  and  heir,= 
Lord  of  Connington  &  Exton, 
born  24  July,  1311;   dead  18 
Deer.,  10  Edw.  III.,  ob.  s.p.— 
Inq.  p.m.  24  Edw.  III.  No.  76. 


^Matilda,  da. of  Sir 
Ralph  Crophill. 
Inq.    p.m.,    24 
Edw.  III.  No.  76, 
ob.  Deer.   1350. 
Inq.  p.m.,  33  Ed. 
III.  No.  46. 


John  de  Brus,: 
heir  to  his  bro. , 
Ld.  of  Conning- 
ton and  Exton, 
ob.  18th  or  19th 
Edw.  III. 


Margaret 

Hardres- 

hall. 


Bernard  de  Brus, 
posthumous  son, 
b.  1345,  ob.  1346. 
Inq.  p.m.,  33  Ed. 
ill.,  No.  46. 


Robt.   Lovetot,-=Agnes  de  Brus,: 
2nd   husb.,   ob.     of  Connington, 


Sep.  1393.  Inq. 
p.m.  17  Ric,  II. 
JN'o.  37. 


coheir,  aged  19, 
Feb.  1357-8. 
Inq.  p.m.  33 
Ed.  II.  20 


! 

Sir  Hugh  Wesen-     Jane, 
ham,  ob.  in  Nov.     coh. 
1375.     Plac.  Cor. 
Rege,  47  Ed.  III. 

C 

pa  ye  105 


Royal  Descents  of  Anxesley  axd  others. 


103 


Peter  de  Roches,  Knt. ,  the  Great 
Bishop  of  Winchester  and  Jus- 
ticiary of  the  Kingdom,  ob.  1238. 


.  de  Roches: 
35 


Geoffrey  de  Roches,   ob.  ante=f=Emma,  dau.  of  William    Fitz  Roger,  of  North 


1253,  nephew  of  the  Bishop  of 
Winchester. 


Fareham  and  Bradley,  co.  Hants  (1295),  heir  to 
her  brother,  survived  her  husband.         36 


i ; 1 

Sir   Hugh  de  Roches,  heir  of=p Martin   Roche,=Lucy. 


his  brother  Martin,  who  died 
s.p.  1277,  ob.  ante  1300. 


dau.  &  heir  of  Steventon, 
of  Roger  ob.  s.p.,  1277. 
de  Hoo. 

37 


John  de  Roches  (at  the  battle-pMargery,  daughter  and    sole  heir   of    Enfemia 


of  Falkirk,  1298),  ob.  1312. 


Caune. 


,  who  was  daughter  of  Sir  Herbert  de 


Sir  John  de  Roches,  born  circa=pJohanna 


12S9,  ob.  ante  1349. 


ob.  Sep.  1361. 

— 1 


Ida  de  Roches,  mar.  Sir  John 
de  Plecy  (widow  in  1354). 


Sir  Bernard  Brocas,  of  Beaure-=p  Mary  de  Roches,  daughter  and  sole  heir,  relict 


paire  and  Roche  Court,  Hered. 
Master  of  the  Buckhounds,  ob. 
1395. 


of  Sir  John  Borhunte  (2nd  husb.)        35  brought 
in. 


r~ 


Sir  Barnard  Brocas,  Treasurer^=Johaima,  daughter  of  ? Vernon,  of  Beligh, 


to  Anne  Queen  of  Richard  II., 
attainted  and  executed  on 
Tower  Hill,  Jan.  1399-1400. 


ob.  1429. 


Bernard  Brocas,  of  Alton  and=pSibilla  Croke. 
Bradley,  ob.  ante  1432. 


Bernard    Brocas,    of    Horton,=pEmmeline  Erwyn,  of  Bedington,  relict  of  Kin- 
etc.,    Sheriff    of   Hants,    1457,     sell. 
ob.  1459. 


Bernard  Brocas,  of  Horton,  4th=j=Anne,  daughter  and  heir  of  Sir  John  Morell,  of 


son,  ob.  1502.  Will  dated  24th 
July,  1502. 


Uunstaple.  Brought  in  40  &  41 

— ■ {paye  10S)   L> 


104 


Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 


A. 
B 


Sir  John  Annesley,  of =f  Isabella,  dau.  & 
Annesley,  Knt.,  M.P.  heir  of  Margt. 
for  Nottingham,  30th  3rd  sist.  &  coh. 
Edward  III.  to  11th  |  of  Sir  John 
Rich.  II.,  living  1388.  |  Chandos,  K.G. 
-J2 

=Agnes,   dau.  of 
Robt.     Clifton, 


Rich.   Cotton, 
Hemstall,  6th 
Hen.  VI.,  of 
Ridware. 


of- 


:Eliz.,  sister  &  coh. 
Sir  Hugh  V enables 
Knt.         15-16 


Thomas  Annesley,  of- 
Annesley,    M.P.     for 
co.  Notts.,  7  Rich.  II. 
(1353)  living  1413. 


of  co.  Notts. 


Sir    Hugh    Annesley,=j= dau.  of  Sir 


of  Annesley,  son  and 
heir,  ob.  13th  Sept. 
2  Hen.  IV.  (1401). 

i 

Hugh     Annesley,     of= 

Annesley,  aged  8  yrs. 

on  his  father's  death, 

only  son  and  heir. 


JohnBabington 
of  Chilwell,  co. 
Derby,  Knt. 

= ,  dau.  of 

William  Fitz 
Williams. 


Wm.    Cotton,    of: 
Connington,    2nd 
son,  slain    at  the 
battle  of  St. 
Albans,  37  H.V1. 

I ' 

Thomas     Cotton, - 

of  Connington. 


a 


:Mary  Folvylle,dau. 
and  coh.  aged  54  on 
her  father's  death. 
Died  14  Mar.,  1499. 
17-18 


i 

Thomas 


■Elizabeth,    dau. 
Knightley. 


of 


_L 


of  Connington, ob. 
9th  Henry  VIII. 
Will  proved  1517. 


Cotton,=j=Johanna,    daur.    of 


John  Annesley,  of 
Annesley,  son  &  heir, 
ancestor  of  Viscount 
Chaworth. 


-~ l 

Thomas  Annes- 
ley, of  Roding- 
ton,  co.  Notts, 
2nd  son. 


ThomasCotton,= 
of  Connington, 
Sheriff  of  Hunts 
and  Cambridge, 
1  Edw.  VI. 


William  Annesley,  of=T=Mabel 


John  Parys,  of  Lin- 
ton, co.  Camb. 


Lucy,  dau.  and  coh. 
of  Thomas  Harvey, 
of  Helmstoke,  co. 
Line.  33 


Roddington, 
heir. 


son  and 


English.  Thos.  Cotton,  of  Con -^Elizabeth,  daur.   of 


nington,  co.  Hunts, 
5  &  5  Philip  &  Mary, 
1557.  Sheriff  of  Cum b. 
and  Hunts,  26  Elizab. 
1584,  ob.  1592. 


Francis  Shirley,  of 
Stanton  Harold,  co. 
Leic. ,  ancestor  of 
the  Earls  Ferrers. 


Robert  Annesley,  of  Newport  Pagnel,=f  Joan,  daughter   of  William  Cloville,  of 
co.  Bucks,  4th  son,  buried  there.     Will     Coldhall,  co.  Essex. 
proved  p.c.c,  29th  July,  1553. 


George  Annesley,  of  Newport  Pagnel.= 
son  and  heir,  bur.  there  17th  Jan.  1607. 


-Elizabeth,   daur.    of   Robert    Dove,    of 
Moulshoe,  co.  Bucks. 


Robert  Annesley,  of  Newport  Pagnel,  son  and  heir,  some- 
time an  officer  in  the  navy  and  afterwards  a  captain  in 
the  army  in  Ireland,  and  an  undertaker  in  the  plantation 
of  Minister. 


^Beatrix,  dau.  of  John 
Cornewall,  of  Moor 
Park,  co.  Herts. 


Dorothy,  eld.  dau.: 
of  Sir  John  Pliilipps 
of  Picton  Castle, 
co.  Pembroke,  ob. 
May,  1624,  bur.  in 
St.  John's  Church, 
Dublin.   1st  wife. 


E 


The  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Francis  Annesley,1 
Knt.  and  Bart,  of  Ireland.  Prin.Sec. 
of  State,  Vice  Treas. ,  Rec.  General  of 
Rents  &  Rev.,  and  a  P.C.  of  Ireland, 
cr.  Bar.  Mountnorris,  of  Mountnorris, 
co.  Armagh,  8th  Feb.  1628-9,  and  pre- 
viously had  the  reversion  11th  March, 
1622-3,  of  the  Viscounty  of  Valentia, 
secured  to  him  and  his  heirs  male  on 
the  death  of  Henry  Power,  the  then 
Viscount,  to  which  title  he  eventually 
succeded;  bur.  atMorgansy,  co.York, 
23rd  Nov,  1660.  Portrait, 
{page  206'). 


:Jane,  5th  da.  of  Sir 
John  Stanhope, Kt., 
by  his  second  wife 
Catherine,  dau.  of 
Thos.  Trentham,  of 
Rowcester  Priory, 
co.  Staff.,  and  relict 
of  Sir  Peter  Cour- 
teen,  of  Aldington, 
co.  Wore.   2nd  wife. 


(page  106) 


Royal  Descents  of  Annesley  and  others. 


105 


C— j 

Robert  W  essenham,  of  Connington,  aged  30  and=j= 
more,  Nov.  1393.    Inq.  p.m.  17  Ric.  II.,  No.  37, 
ob.  9th  Aug.,  1st  Henry  IV.,  i400.     Inq.  p.m. 
2nd  Sep.  1400. 

. i 

Folvylle,  17  Edw.  IV.=pJane  Wessenham,  coh.  of  her  brothers,  Thomas 

a  Ex.  No.  71.  and  Robert.     Died  before  Sep.  1477.     Inq.  p.m. 

17  Edw.  IV.,  No.  71.  19 


~T 


Thomas  Lucy,  2nd  husb.     Inq.=Sir  Thomas  Billinge.  3rd  husb.,  Chief  Justice  of 
p.m.,  17  Edw.  IV.,  No.  71.  the  King's  Bench.   (Weaver,  268-9). 


D-- , 

John  Brocas,  of  Horton 


=j=Elizabeth,  daughter  of    Marshall, 

j  of  Dunstaple. 


Robert    Brocas,   of   Horton    and^Dorothy,    daughter    of    Robert    Ruthall,    of 


Buckingham,  ob.  155S. 

Wm,   Brocas,   of   Thedingworth, 
jureuxoris,  2nd  son. 


Moulshoe,  co.  Bucks. 


=Elizabeth,  daughter  and   heir  of   Dexter,  of 
Thedingworth,  ob.  1621.  42 


" I 


Sir  Robt. Cotton  of  Connington,  Knt.,  cr. Bart., 29  June,  1611.= 
(collector  of  the  famous  library, which,  by  his  will,  he  settled 
on  his  grandson)  born  22nd  Jan,  1570,  M.P.  for  Hunts,  temp. 
James  I.,  ob.  6th  May,  1631,  bur.  at  Connington.      Portrait. 

I 

Sir  Thomas  Cotton,  of  Connington,  2nd  Bart.,=fMargt.   Howard,  dau.  of  Lord 


Elizabeth,  dau. 
and  coheir. 
34 


only  surviving  son,  M.P.  for  co.  Hunts,  1639. 
Sheriff  of  Camb.  and  Hants  1636,  ob.  13th  May, 
1662,  set.  68,  bur.  at  Connington. 


William  Howard,  of  Naworth 
Castle,  co.  Cumb.,  marr.  17th 
June,  1617,  ob.  5th  Mar.  1621, 
1st  wife. 


__i 


Sir   John  Cotton,   of  Connington,   3rd   Barnet,  sold   the=fDorothy,    only    child 


celebrated  Cottonian  library  under  an  Act  of  Parliament 
for  £4,500  to  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum,  to  be 
invested  in  the  purchase  of  lands  in  the  counties  of  Bed- 
ford or  Huntingdon,  ob.  12th  Sep.  1702,  in  his  80th  year, 
bur.  at  Connington.     Portrait. 

I — 

John  Cotton,  Esq.,  only  son=pFrances,  only  daur.  and 
by  1st  wife,  ob.  24th  March,  eventually  heir  of  Sir  Geo. 
1681,  v.p.,  aged  31,  bur.  at  Downing,  Bart.,  of  East 
Connington.  Hadley,  co.  Cumb.     45 

G  (page  107)    Portrait. 


and  heir  of  Edmund 
Anderson,  of  Stratton 
Park  ;  by  the  2nd  wife 
Alice,  da.  and  heir  of 
John,  Constable  of 
Dromonby,  co.  York, 
aged  7i  years  on  her 
father's  death  in  1638. 
43-44 


106 


Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS0-9O. 


E— , 
Arthur,  1st  Lord  Angle- 
sey,   ancestor     of      the 
Earls   of  Annesley   and 
Mountnorris. 


The  Hon.  Francis  Annes-=pDeborah,  dau.  of  Henry 


ley,  of  Castle  Wellan,  co. 
Down,  born  23rd  and  bap. 
31st  Jany.   1628-9,  at   St. 
George's-in-the-Field, 
Middlesex. 


Jones,  D.D.,  Ld.  Bishop 
of  Meath,  relict  of  John 
Bowdler,  of  Dublin,  Dy. 
And. Gen. of  the  Excheq. 
in  Ireland. 


Francis  Annesley,  of  Thurganby,  co.  York.,  &  Bletchingdon, =f=Elizabeth,  dau. 


co.  Oxon. ,  Barr-at-Law  of  the  Inner  Temple.  Arthur  Earl  of 
Annesley,  his  cousin,  bequeathed  to  him  all  his  unsettled 
estates,  and  thus  he  acquired  Thurganby  and  Bletchingdon  ; 
ob.  7,  and  bur.  16  April,  1750;  bur.  at  Bletchingdon,  ret.  80. 


of    Sir    Joseph 
Martin,    of 
London. 


Francis  Annesley,  Clerk,  LL.D., 
son  and  heir,  Rector  of  Winwick. 


William  Annesley,  6th  son,  ancestor  of 
the  Earls  of  Annesley. 


i  i 

Francis  Annesley,  LL.D.,  Master  of  Downing  College,  Camb. ,     Eliz.  Annesley, 
M.P.  for  Reading,  co.  Berks.     Hereditary  Cottonian  Trustee     married  George 


of  the  Brit.  Mus. 
Portrait. 


Died  17,  and  bur.  24  Apr.  1S12,  s.p. 


Booth  Tyndale. 
See  post  p.  US, 


James  Tooker,  of  Norton  Hall,  Som.     Sometime= 
Major  in    Somersetshire    Militia,  bap.  at  Chil- 
compton,  2nd  Aug.  1752,  ob.  8th  March,  1S13. 


=AliceLucy,born 
26th  Jan.  1766, 
mar.  23rd  Nov. 
1791,  ob.  5th 
Dec.  1803. 


Arabella, 
born  19th 
Aug.  1773, 
ob.  21  June, 
1815,  unm. 


Geo.  Annesley,  of=j= 
Regent  Sq. ,  co. 
Middx.,  born  13 
Sep.  1807,  4th  son. 
Hered.  Trus.Brit. 
Mus. 


Emily,  da. of  Alb. 
Forster,  of  Upper 
Woburn  Place, 
Middx. ,  by  his 
wife  Eliz.  Dobree 
Carey. 


Francis  Annesley, : 
clerk,  M.A.,  of  St. 
John's  Coll  ,  Oxf-, 
son  and  heir,  born 
8  Dec.  1800,  bur.*30 
July,  1882.  Will  dat. 
21  Dec.  1869.  Prob. 
19  May,  1S84. 


^Charlotte,  onlyda. 
of  Henry  Hodges 
Mogg,  elk,,  Vicar 
of  High  Littleton, 
Som,,  marr.  3rd 
May,lS36,died27 
June,  1837,  bur.  at 
Farrineton  Gour- 


Emily  Vere  Annes- 
ley, born  21st  Nov. 
lS39,bap.  20th  Feb. 
1840,  at  St.Pancras, 
Middlesex. 


Francis   Banbury  Annesley,  clerk, ; 
born  19th  Dec.  1837,  bap.  20th  Feb. 
184  ,  at  St.  Pancras.     Inst,  to  the 
Rectory  of  Clifford,  31  July,  1ST!). 
Cott.  Trus.  of  the  Brit.  Museum. 


ney,  Som. 

h 
-Maria  Charlotte 

Annesley,  only  child 

and  heir,   born  3rd 

Apr.  1837,  marr.  21 

Aug.  1862.         49 


EdithVere, 
ban.  at 
Titsey, 
Surrey,    15 
Nov.  1S63. 


Reginald 
Cecil,  bap.  at 
Horseheath, 
co.  Camb.,  17 
May,  1865, 
died  10  Dec. 
1882. 


Arthur 

Dighton, 

bapt.    at 

Horse- 

heath.co. 

Camb.  16 

Dec.1866 


Isabell  Char- 
lotte, bap.  at 
Atherstoue- 
on-Stour,  co. 
Warr. ,  31st 
Jan.  1869. 


Francis 

Cotton, 

bap.  at 

Totsfield, 

Surrey, 

14  May, 

1871 


1 

Alice 


Tyndale,  bap. 
at  Totsfield, 
Surrey,  22nd 
June,  1873. 


Eoyal  Descents  of  Annesley  and  others. 


107 


G 


Wm.  Hanbury,: 
ofLittleMarcle, 
co.  Heref.,  son 
of  Thomas  Han- 
bury,  of  the 
same  place,  ob. 
19th  Oct.  1737, 
set.  70. 
Portrait. 


^Frances  Cotton,  only  da.  and 
heir  of  her  brother,  Sir  John 
Cotton,  4th  Bart.  By  Act  of 
Pari.  26  Geo.  II.  (1732),  she 
obtained  the  privilege  of  ap- 
pointing successive  Cotton- 
ian-family  Trustees  to  the 
Brit.  Mus.,  with  remainder 
to  the  male  issue  of  her  four 
dans,  in  succession  according 
to  seniority,  ob.  21st  Nov. 
1756,  »t.  80.         45 


Sir  John  Cotton,  = 
4th  Bart. ,  of  Con- 
nington  &Stretton 
Died  5th  Feby. 
1730-1,  in  the 
52nd  year  of  his 
age,  s.p. 


=Elizab. ,  da.o, 
Jas.  Herbertf 
of  Kingsey, 
co.Oxon.  Da. 
11th  Feb. 
1731 -2,  bur.  at 
Connington, 
aged  42,  s.p. 


Martin  Annesley.  3rd  son,  Clerk,  D.D.,  8t.= 
John's  College,  Camb.,  Preb.  of  Sarum  Vicar  of 
Bucklebury  &  Rector  of  Frilsham,  Berks  ;  born 
5th  and  bap.  14th  Oct.  1701,  at  St.  Andrew's, 
Dublin  ;  ob.  4th  and  bur.  10th  June,  1749.  Will 
dated  17th  'April,  1737-t  Cod.,  5th  Oct.  1742. 
Prob.  17th  Aug.  1749. 


-Mary  Hanbury,3rd  surviving 
daur.  and  coheir  of  William 
Hanbury.  Prov.  her  husb.'s 
will  ;  born  170S,  marr.  12 
Dec.  1732,  died  20  Dec.  1796, 
bur.t  3 


Arthur  Hen.  Annesley, clerk,  d.d.  ,of: 
Trin.  Coll.,  Oxon, Vicar  of  Chewton 
Mendip,  in  co.  Som.,  in  1764,  born 
8  &  bap.  15  May,  1735,  ob.  12  July, 
1792,at  Chewton.  Will  dat.23May, 
1792.     Prov.  27th  Feb.  1793. 


r~ 


-(page  10S)~K 


=Alice,  dau.  of  Francis  Keyt  Dighton,  of 
Clifford  Chambers,  and  sister  and  heir  of 
Lister  Dighton,  of  the  same  place,  marr. 
7  Nov.,  1761,  died  29  Nov.  1790,  buried* 


Arthur  Annesley,  clerk,  M.A.,  born  10th: 
Oct.  1768.  Inst,  to  the  Rectory  of  Clifford, 
22  May,  1793,  again  25  May,  1803,  Heredit. 
Cott.  Trus.  Brit.  Mus.  Will  dated  19  May, 
1836.  Prob.  21st  Feb.  1845.  Died  9  Feb., 
Bur.*  M.I. 


d 


Elizabeth  Vere,  only  dau.  of  Geo. 
Booth  Tyndale,of  Bathford,and  heir 
of  her  uncle  Nathaniel,  4th  Lord 
Delemere,  born  12  July,  bap.  there 
10  August  following,  marr.  14  Jan. 
1800,  at  Reading,  Berks.  Died  15th 
J  June,  1860.  m.i.  48-50 


t  At  Bucklebury. 


Clifford  Chambers. 


10S 


Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-93. 


Thomas  Dighton, 
named  in  brother 
Job  Dighton's 
will. 


Job  Dighton,  of  the  Middle  Temple,: 
London,  purchased  in  1649,  of  Henry 
Rainsford,  the  Manor  and  Advowson 
of  Clifford,  bur.*30th  Oct.  1659.  Will 
dated  21st  Sep.  1659. 


-Anne,    dau.    of 
Wm.  Harewell, 
of  Coventry, 
bur.* 20  May,  1655. 


Henry  Dighton,  of  the= 
Middle  Temple.  Pres. 
to  Clifford  1661  and 
1667.  Bur.*  21st  Feb. 
1687,  died  intestate 
adm°  to  his  son  and 
heir  Richard  Dighton, 
7th  May  following, 
named  in  father's  will. 


Sarah, da.  of  Rich. 
Bayly,  clerk,  n.i>. 
Pres.  of  St.  John's 
Coll.,  Oxon.,  and 
Dean  ofSalisbury, 
ob.  1667,  post 
nupt.  setts  19th 
Feb.  1663,  bur.* 


Mary,  named  in 
father's  will,  mar. 
John  Frogmore. 

Job  Dighton,bap* 
15th  April  1639, 
bur.*  11  Oct.  1669. 
Adm°  to  his  bro. 
10  Nov.  1669. 


Anne,    married 
Francis  Watts,  of 
Eastcot,    alias 
Urcott.     Married 
settl,9Apr.  1651. 

Eliz.,  marr 

Chamberlayne 
without   her 
father's  consent — 
these    named     in 
their  father's  will. 


Richard  Dighton,=j=Alice,  dau.  and  coh.  of  Francis  Keyt,  of  Hidcote,  co.  Glouc, 

«^«    &■    1-.™%.    Ur.-^  *       K-.r  Kip  iiri-Fc    Ali/-»o     A o n rAi f or  nf    Siiv  YVillinm  ftnpiir»pr     nf  "Yflrn- 


son  &  heir,  bap. 
6th  Mar.  1664-5. 
Pres.  to  Clifford, 
1729,  bur.*  27th 
August,  1738. 


by  his  wife  Alice,  daughter  of  Sir  William  Spencer,  of  ;Yarn- 
ston,  Oxon.,  by  his  wife  Constance,  dau.  of  Sir  Thomas  Lucy, 
of  Charlecote,  born  10  April,  bap.  2  May,  1671,  at  Mickleton. 
Marr.  settl.  5  Jan.  1687.  Died  at  Hidcote,  and  bur.*  3  Sep. 
1743. 


Francis  Keyt  : 
Dighton,  of  Clif- 
ford and  Hidcote, 
son  and  heir,  born 
26  April,  bap.*  18 
May,  1699.  Pres. 
to  Clifford  1732, 
1735.  Bur.*  11 
Feb.  1768. 
Portrait. 


=Sarah,  only  da.  of  Samuel 
Selman,  of  Old  Ford  in 
Bow,  co.  Middx.,  mercht., 
by  Sarah  his  wife,  da.  and 
coh.  of  Matthew  Lister,  of 
the  same  place,  born  9th 
June,  1705,  marr.  settlemt. 
2  July,  and  marr.  27  Aug. 
1723,  died  3rd  and  bur.* 
6th  May,  1737.     Portrait. 


1 — i 

Ric.  Dighton, 

2nd  son,  bap* 

10  Aug.  1705, 

bur.  2  June, 

1733,  unmar. 

Hen.  Dighton 
3rd  son, bap.* 
31  Jan. 1706-7 
bur.  5th  Feb. 
1714-5. 


JohnDigh-=Eliz. 
ton, 4th  son  da.  of 
bapt.  22nd    John 
June,  1713.   Hun- 
ter, of 
Fort 
St.  George, 
E.I. 


H(?>.107) r 

Lister   Dighton,  of  Clifford,  son  and  heiiv 
Pres.  to  the  Rectory  of  Clfford  1776,  1787, 
1793.    Bur.*ll  May,  1807.  Will  dated  2nd 
Dec.  1805.     Prob.  20th  June,  1S07,  s.p. 


;Mary,  dau.  of Foulds,  marriage 

settl.  20th  July,  1793,  bur.*  30  June, 
1798.  Adm°  31st  Oct.  following  to 
husband,  Lister  Dighton. 


*  At  Clifford  Chambers. 


H- 


-H 


Royal  Descent  of  Annesley  and  others. 


109 


Humphrey  de  Bohun,  kinsman  of  Wm.= 
Duke  of  Normandy,  with  whom  he  came 
to  England. 

Arms. — Az.  a  bendlet  cotised  betivecn  and 
lioncels  ramp. 


r~ 


Bernard  de   Newmarch,   Lord: 
of  Brecknock. 

Arms. — Gu.  5  lozenges  conjoined 
in /ess  or. 


Humphrey  de  Bohun- 
the  Great. 


I~ 


:Maud,  da.  of        Milo  de  Gloucester,  Ear I=f=Sibyl,  da. and 


Edward    de 
Salisbury. 


of  Hereford,  28th  July, 
1140.  High  Constable. 
Ob.  24th  Dec.  1143. 


heir. 


Humphrey  de  Bohun,  ob.  1187=f  Margery,  eldest  of  the  coheirs  of  Milo  de  Glouc. 


r~ 


Humphrey  de  Bohun,=pMargaret,  dau.  of  Henry  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  sister  of 


Earl  of  Hereford. 


William  the  Lion  King  of  Scotland. 


Henry  de  Bohun,  8th   Earl=j=Maud,  only  dau.  of  Geoffry  Fitz  Piers,   Earl   of 


of  Hereford,  ob.    1st   June, 
1220. 


Essex,  and  heir  to  her  brother  William  de  Mande- 
ville,  last  Earl  of  Essex,  and  heir  of  her  great- 
grandmother,  Margaret,  dau.  and  heir  of  Eudo 
Dapifer.     Arms. — Qrtly.  or  <£,•  gu.  a  bordure  wavy. 

1 

Maud,  dau.  of  the  Earl  of=f=Humphrey  de  Bohun,  cr.  Earl  of=j=Maud  de  Aventye 


Ewe,  1st  wife. 


Essex  (1st  John)  and  of  Hereford. 


4- 


Humphrey  de  Bohun,  Earl  of^Eleanor,   dau.   and  coheir  of  William  de  Braose, 


Hereford   and    Essex,  Baron 
of  Brecknock  jure  uxoris. 


Lord  of  Brecknock. 

Arms. — Az.  semee  of  cross-crosslets  gu.  a  Uonramp. 

or,  armed  flanged  gu.  (Banks). 


Humphrey  de  Bohun,  son  &  heir,  Earl  of  Hereford=^=Maud,  dau.  of  Wm.  Fienles. 
and   Essex,   Baron    of    Brecknock  and   Constable 
of  England,  ob.  1298. 


Humphrey  de  Bohun,  Earl  of  Here-=fElizabeth,  dau.  of  King  Edw.  I.,  relict  of 
ford  and  Essex,  Lord  of  Brecknock,     John  Earl  of  Holland, 
ob.  1321. 


H- 


-H 


no 


TRANSACTION'S   FOR  THE   YEAR   1889-90. 


John  de  Bohun, 
Earl  of  Hereford 
and  Essex,  Lord 
of  Brecknock,  ob. 
1336,  s.p. 


Humphrey     de 
Bohun,  Earl  of 
Hereford    and 
Essex,  ob.  1361 
umnarr. 


I 

-H 

Win.  de  Bohun.  = 
a  Earl  of  North- 
ampton, ob.  1360. 


Humphrey  de  Bohun,  heir  of  his= 
uncle  Humphrey,  Earl  of  Hereford 
and  Eesex,  and  of  Northampton, 
Lord  of  Brecknock,  ob.  1372,  s.p.m. 


rJoan,  da.  of  Rich. 
Earl  of  Arundel 


Elizabeth,  sister  &  coh. 
of  Giles  Lord  Badles- 
mere,  by  Margaret,  dau. 
and  coh.  of  Thomas  3rd 
son  of  Richard  de  Clare, 
J  Earl  of  Glouc. ,  relict  of 
Edmund  do  Mortimer. 
Arms. — Badlesmere,  ar. 
a  fess  betiveen  two  bars 
gemelles  gu.  Clare  or,  3 
chevronels  gu. 


I 
Eleanor, 

da.  &  coh. 


I 

^Thomas    Plantagenet, 

(called  of  Woodstock) 

Duke    of    Gloucester, 

and  E. of  Buckingham, 

K.G.,  7th  son,  ob.  8th 

Sep. 1397 


a 


John     Plantagenet, : 
K.G.,  Duke  of  Lan- 
caster, born  1340, 
ob.   Feb.    1399,  4th 


son. 


Catherine,  dau.  of  Sir 
Payne  Roet,  3rd  wife, 
relict  of  Sir  Hugh 
Swinford,  ob.  1403. 


r- 


Humphrey  Plantagenet,  Duke 
of  Gloucester  and  Earl  of  Buc- 
kingham, only  son,  K.G.,  died 
of  the  plague  at  Chester  on  his 
return  from  Ireland,  1  Hen.  IV. 


Ann  Plantagenet,  sister 
and  coheir  remar.  Win. 
Bouchier,   Earl    of    Eu, 
bur.  at  Lanthony, Glouc. 


=Edmund,  5th  Earl 
of  Stafford,  K.G., 
slain  at  N'hampton, 
1403. 


Humphrey  Stafford,  - 
1st  Duke  of  Bucking- 
ham, slain  at  North- 
ampton, 10  July,  1460 


Humphrey  Stafford, : 
Earl  of  Stafford,  slain 
at  St.  Albans,  23rd 
May,  1455. 


Anne,    dau.    of 
Ralph  Nevill, 
K.G.,    Earl    of 
Westmorland, 
died  14S0. 


i 

John  de  Beau-: 

fort.  K.G.,  Earl 

of  Somerset,  d. 

16th  Mar.  1410 

r~ 


;Margaret,  daur.  of 
Thomas  de  Holland, 
Earl  of  Kent,  died 
1439. 


^Margaret 
Beaufort. 


Edmund  de  Beaufort,  = 
K.G.,  Duke  of  Somer- 
set, slain  at  St.  Albans, 
"23rd  May,  1455. 


=Eleanor,  da.  &  coh. 
of  Richard  de  Beau- 
champ,  Earl  of 
Warwick,  d.  1407. 


Henry  Stafford, 2nd  D.=j=Catherine 


of  Buckingham,  K.G., 
Lord  High  Constable 
of  England,  born  4th 
Sept.  1456,  beheaded 
2nd  Nov    14S3. 


Wydville, 
6th  dau.  of 
Rich.   Earl 
Rivers. 


Sir  Rich.  Pole,  K.G. 
died  Nov.  1504. 


i 

=f=Margaret, 

Countess  of 

Salisbury,  born 

1473,  beheaded 

27th  May,  1541. 


Edward,  3rd   Duke  of: 
Buckingham,  K.G., 
H  igh      Constable     of 
England,  beheaded  17 
May,  1521. 


Alianora  Percy, 
eld.  da.  of  Henry 
Percy,  Earl  of 
Northumberland, 
K.G.,  died  13th 
Feb.  1531. 
J  page  112 


Henry  Stafford  (2nd 
son)  created  Earl  of 
Wilts,    3rd   Feb. 
1569-10,  K.G.,  died 
6th  March,  1522-3. 
s.p. 


K  page  11  \ 


H- 


-H 


Royal  Descents  of  Annesley  anu  others. 


Ill 


Roger  Mortimer,  =j=Jeane  de  Genevil,  dau.  and 
coheir  of  Peter  de  Genevil, 
Lord  of  Trim,  in  Ireland, 
remarried  Wm.  de  Bohun, 
Earl  of  Northampton. 


1st  Earl  of  March, 
ob.  1287. 


King  Edw.III. 


Philippa,  dau.  of 
William,  Count  of 
Hainault. 


r 


Edmund  Mortimer,=r=Elizabeth,  dau.  and 


2nd  Earl  of  March, 
ob.  1331. 


r~" 


Edmund         =flsabel,   da. 


i  -1  Plantagenet, 
Duke'of  York 
born  1 341,  ob. 
Jan.  1402,  5th 
son. 


and  coh.  of 
Pedro, 
King  of 
Castile  and 
Leon,  ob. 
1394. 


Lionel    Plan- 
tagenet.Duke 
of  Clarence 
(3rd  son),  bn. 
1338,ob.l3U8. 


=Elizabeth, 
da.and  heir 
of  William 
de    Burgh, 
Countess 
of  Ulster. 


coh.  of  Bartholomew 
Lord  Badlesmere,  of 
Ledes  Castle,  Kent. 

1 

Roger=j=Philippa, 


Mortimer, 
3rd  Earl 
of  March, 
ob.  13(50. 


Philippa  Plantagenet,: 
only  child,  ob.  1379. 


=Edmund  Mortimer,  4th 
Earl  of  March,  born  1352, 
ob.  1381. 


da.  of  Wm. 

Montacute 

1st  Earl  of 

Salisbury, 

by  his  wife 

Catherine, 

J  da.  of  Wm. 

and  sister 

and  coh.  of 

Otto  de 

Grandison. 


r- 


_j 


Roger  Mortimer,   5th=j=Alianora,  dau.  of  Thomas 
Earl  of  March,  ob.  139S  |  Holland,  Earl  of  Kent,  ob.  1405. 

i , 


r- 


Richard   Plantagenet,  =j= Anne  Mortimer,  sister 

Earl    of     Cambridge,  I  and  heir   of  her  bro. 

beheaded  1415.  |  Edmund. 

I 

John   Massey,   of 
Dunham,  co.  Cestr. 


Edmund  Mortimer.Earl 
of  March.      6th  Earl, 
ob.  1425,  s.p. 


= da.  and  heir  of    

Venebles,  of  Bollin.     53-54 

L 1 

Tomalin  =j=Ellen,  dau.     Wm.Massey,=f=  Alice,  da.  &  heir  of 

Booth.         of  Wrotley.    of  Dunham.        Eustice Whitney  55 


Sir  Robt. 
Booth, 
(2nd  son). 


Dulcia,  da. 
and  heir  of 
William 
Massey,  of 
Dunham. 
52 


r~ 

Richard 
Plantagenet, 
K.G.,     Duke 
of  York  (only 
son),  slain   at 
Wakefield, 
1465,    Const, 
of  England. 


r~ 


Sir    Wm.    Booth, =j= d.  &  heir 


of  Dunham,  died 
17th  Edw.  IV. 
1477. 


of  JohnFilton 
of  Bollin,  co. 
Cestr.  56,  57-66 


Cecily,  da.  of 
Ralph  Nevill, 
Earl  ofWest- 
m  or  land,  died 
1495. 


Sir    01iver=pMargaret, 
St.  John,  of     sis.  &  heir 
Penmark, 


co.  Glam. 


of  John 
Baron 
BeauchamP 
of  Bletsoe. 


i 


Sir  John  St.  John, 
son  and  heir. 


Alice,  da.  of  

Bradshaigh,    of 
Haigh,  co.  Lane. 


I ■ — 

George  = 
Booth,  of 
Dunham 


Katherine, 
da.  and  heir 

of 

M  ountford 
67,68 

i  page  113 


G eorge 
Plantagenet, 
Duke  of 
Clarence  (6th 
son). 


H- 


Isabel,  eld.  da. 
and  coheir  of 
Richard  Nevill, 
K.G.,  Earl  of 
Warwick  and 
Salisbury,  born 
1409,  died  12th 
Dec.  1476. 


Sir  JohnSt.: 
John,  of 
Bletsoe, 
K.B.,  17th 
Hen.  VII., 
only  sur- 
viving son. 


Sibill,  dau. 
of  Morgan 
ap  Jenkin 
ap    Philip. 


M  page  113. 
■ H 


112 


Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 


Henry  Stafford,  Baron- 
Stafford  by  restoration 
of,  3rd  Edw.IV.,  died 
5th  May,  1563. 


K 


Ursula  Pole,  only  daughter.  She  had  four  brothers,  the 
three  elder  of  whom  were  attainted,  and  the  fourth, 
Cardinal  Pole,  died  1558,  s.p.,  when  she  became  their 
heir. 


Sir  William  Stafford,  of  Chabsey,  Kntd; 
by  the  Earl  of  Hertford  in  Scotland,  23 
Sep.  1545,  6th  in  descent  from  Margt. , 
dan.  of  Ralph,  1st  Earl  of  Stafford,  ob. 
1372.  She  married  Sir  John  Stafford,  of 
Ainelcote,  co.  Stafford,  2nd  son  of  Sir 
William,  of  Sandon,  great-grandson  of 
Milicent,  1st  Baroness  Stafford. 


.J 


JJorothy  Stafford,  a  Lady  of  the  Bed- 
chamber to  Queen  Elizabeth,  had  grant 
from  the  Crown,  5th  June,  1584,  of 
Marlwood  Park,  in  Thornbury,  co. 
Glouc. ,  with  rem.  to  her  two  sons,  John 
and  William,  in  tail  male.  Marr.  1545, 
died  22nd  and  buried  23rd  Sep.  at  St. 
Margaret's,  Westmiuster. 


Wm.  Stafford  of  the  Court 
of  Queen  Elizabeth. 


:Anne,  dau.  of  Thos.  Gryme,  of  Antingham,  Norf., 
by  his  wife,  Amphillis,  dau.  of  Robt.  Themilthorp, 
of  Foulsham,  in  same  county. 


~~ I 


Thomas  Tyndale,  of  Eastwood  Park,  Thornbury,  =j=Dorothy  Stafford,  marr.  cir. 


co.  Glouc,  which  he  sold  in  1619.  Thomas,  son 
and  heir,  in  1619,  unmarr.  Died  13th  Feb.  1671-2, 
aged  84,  buried  at  Kington  St.  Michael,  22nd 
following.  Will  dated  7th  May,  1671.  Prob.  23rd 
April,  1682,  p.c.c. 


1620,  died  20th  July,  1664, 
a?t.  near  72,  bur.  22nd  July 
following  at  Kington  St. 
Michael. 


Wm.  Tyndale,  of  Milbourn,  Malmesbury,= 
Wilts,    sometime    of   Stapleton,    Glouc, 
born  at  Iron  Acton,  and  bap.  at  Thorn- 
bury, 14th  June,  1625,  ob.  3rd  Nov.  1675. 


=Margaret,  dau.  of  Anderson  Acheley, 
sister  and  coh.  of  Anderson  Acheley, 
of  Bitterley,  near  Ludlow,  born  1st 
Feb.  1639-40,  marr.  at  Ludlow,  23rd 
June,  1665,  ob.  17th  Jan.  1715-6. 


Thomas  Tyndale,  of  Bathford,  sometime=j=Elizab. ,  2nd  surviving  dau.,  born  9th 


Collector  of  Customs  at  the  Beach,  Ches- 
ter, born  2nd  and  bap.  6  June,  1667,  died 
18  Oct.  1747,  and  bur.  at  Bathford.  Will 
dated  16th  May,  1747.  Prob.  14th  Nov. 
following. 


r 


_j 


Feb.,  1675-6,  marr.  settl.  dated  30th 
Dec.  1699,  marr.  1  Jan.  1700,  ob.  14th 
Nov.  1768.  Will  dat.  26  June,  1763, 
in  which  she  desires  her  children  to 
quarter  the  arms  of  Booth  with  those 
of  Tyndale.    Bur.  at  Bathford. 


George  Tyndale,  of  Bathford  and  Bristol, ^Vere  Booth,  2nd  surviving  dau.,  and 


only  surviving  son  and  heir,  born  29  Jan. 
1703-4,  bap.  at  Trinity  Church,  Chester, 
10th  Feb.  following.  Died  12th  Feb.  1771. 
Will  dat.  24th  Jan.  1771.  Prob.  15th  April 
following. 


f~" 


George  Booth  Tyndale,  of  Bathford,  and; 
of   the  Inner  Temple,  heir-at-law  of  his 
uncle,  Lord  Delamere,  born  8  Sep.  1737, 
bap.  at  St.  Augustine's,  Bristol,  died  28th 
Dec.  1779,  bur.  at  Bathford. 


H- 


eventually  coheir  of  her  brother  the 
last  Lord  Delamere,  mar.  at  Kensing- 
ton, Middlesex,  27  Nov.  1736,  died  31 
May,  1753,  bur.  at  Bathford,     50 


Elizabeth  Annesley,  dau.  of  Arthur 
Annesley,  Clerk,  d.d.  (See  ante  p.  106) 


Royal  Descents  of  Anxesley  and  others. 


113 


L 

l_ 


Sir  Win.  Booth,  of  ^Margaret,  dau.  and  coh.   of 


M 


Dunham. 


Sir  William  Ashton. 
69,  70,  71,  brought  in. 


George    Booth, 
Dunham. 


of=pElizabeth,  dau.  of 
Sir  Thos.  Butler, 
of  Beauley. 


Sir  John  St.  John: 
of  Bletsoe,  son 
and  heir. 


:Margai-et,  da.  of  Sir 
Win.  Waldegrave,  of 
Smallbridge,  Suff. 


r 


r 


Sir  George    Booth,  =j=Elizabeth,  dau.  of    Oliver   St.   John,=j=Agnes,  da.  of  John, 


of  Dunham. 


Sir  Wm- 
Booth,  of 
Dunham, 
died   1579. 


Sir    Edmund 
Trafford. 


1  Baron  St.  John, 
of  Bletsoe,  1559, 
died  1582. 


and  grand-dau.  and 
heir  of  Sir  Richard 
Fisher,  who  died  18 
June,  1648. 


Elizab. , 
dau.  of 
Sir  John 
War- 
button. 


John,  2nd 
Baron,  ob. 
s.p. 


Oliver,  3rd  Baron=f  Dorothy,  da.  and  heir  of 


St  .John,  of  Blet- 
soe, had  livery  of 
of  the   Manor  of 
Boddington    in 
right  of  his  wife. 


Sir  George  Booth,  of= 
Dunham  Massey,  cr. 
Bart.  1611.  Died  24th 
Oct.  1652.  Bur.  at 
Bowdon,  co.  Cestr.,  in 
his  own  vault,  in  his 
own  chapel  there. 


Catherine,  dau.  of  Sir 
Edmund  Anderson, 
Chief  Justice  of  Com. 
Pleas,  of  Eysworth,co. 
Beds.  Mar.  1592,  d.  13 
Feb.  1638-9,  buried  at 
Bowdon. 


r 


Sir  John  Rede,  Knt. ,  of 
Boddington,  co.  Glouc, 
grandson  of  Win.  Rede 
and  Margaret,  dau.  and 
coh.  of  Rich,  last  Baron 
Beauchamp,  of  Powick, 
by  his  w.  Elizab.,  da.  of 
Sir  Humphrey  Stafford, 
of  Grafton,  co.  Wore. 


Sir   Anthony=pMary,  da.  of  Wm. 


St.   John 
(2nd   son) 
surviving. 


Awbrey,  D.C.L., 
and  relict  of  Wm. 
Herbert,  of  Crick  - 
hovvell. 


I 

William  Booth, : 
M.  P.  for  Cheshire 
ob.  v.p.,  26  Apr. 
1636.  Buried  at 
Bowdon.  Funeral 
a  cert.,  4  May,  1636 


-Vere,  dau.  and  coh.  of 
Sir  Thos.Egerton,  eld. 
son  of  the  1st  Earl  of 
Ellesmere,  and  Vis1 
Breckley,  marr.  Sep. 
1616,  bur.  4  May,  1629. 
at  Bowdon.  Fun.  cert. 
28th  May,  1629.     72 


Sir  John  Booth,  of- 
Woodford  (2nd  son) 
Kntd.  1660,  born 
1610,  died  9th  May, 
1678,  buried  at  St. 
Werburgh,  Chester, 
loth  following,  aged 
67.     Fun.  cert. 


r~ 


1 

TJorothy,  dau. 
and  heir,  died 
Jan.  1655. 


George,  1st  Lord    =|=Elizab.,  eld.  dau.     George  Booth,  of=j=Martha,    dau.    of 


Delamere,  of  Dun- 
ham Massey,  2nd 
Bart.,  born  18  Dec. 
1622,  ob.  8th  Aug. 
1684,  buried  at 
Bowden. 


of  Henry  Earl 
Grey ,  of  Stamford , 
ob.  14  Jan.  1690. 


Woodford,  bapt. 
26  Nov.  1635,  ob. 
12th  Nov.  1719. 


Ralph    Hawtrey, 
of  Parley,  Surrey, 
son  of  Ralph  Haw- 
trey, of   Middlesex, 
born  May,  1645,  ob. 
6th  May,  1718. 


I 


The  Hon.  Robert  Booth,  D.D. ,  Dean=|=Mary,  dau.  of  Thomas  Hales,  of  Howlett, 


of  Bristol  born  1661.  Died  8th  and 
bur.  11  Aug.  1730,  in  the  Cathedral 
Yard,  Bristol. 


Kent,  eldest  son  of  Sir  Robert  Hales,  of 
Beakesbourne,  in  the  same  county,  Bart., 
died  4th  June,  1732. 


Nathaniel  Booth,  4th  Lord  Delamere 
and  5th  Bart.,  born  1709,  died  1770 
s.p., when  the  Barony  became  extinct, 
and  the  Baronetcy  devolved  upon  his 
second  cousin. 


Vol.  XIV. 


114 


Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 


TABLE  OF  QUARTERINGS 

to  which  the  Rev.  Francis  Hanbury  Annesley  is  entitled,  deduced 
from  the  Heralds'  Visitations,  Ancient  Monuments,  and  other 
reliable  authorities. 


1  Annesley 

2  Chandos  of  Radbourne 

3  Hanbury,  of  Little  Marcle 


4  Cotton,  of  Rid  ware 

5  Cotton,  ancient 

6  RlDWARE 

7  Peciie 


9  Waldesheap,  of  Boylston 

10    RlDWARE 


Paly  of  6,  ar.  and  az.,a  bend.,  gu. 

Or,  a  pile,  gules. 

Or.  a  bend,  engrailed,  vert.,  with 
plain  cotises,  sa. 

Az.,  an  eagle  displayed,  ar. 

Ar.,abend.  sa.  betw.  three  pellets 

Az.,  an  eagle  displayed  ar.,  and  a 
chief,  vair. 

Gu.,  a  fess  between  six  crosses 
crosslet,  ar. 

8  Basinge,  of  Boylston,  Derby  Or.,  six  eaglets  displ.  3,  2,  and  1, 

sa.,  a  canton,  erm. 

Gu.,  a  chev.  ar.  betw.  3  garbs,  or. 

A.Z.,  an  eagle  display ed,  ar.,  and  a 
chief,  vair. 

11  Falconer,  of  Thurcaston        Ar.,  three  falcons,  gu. 

12  Thurcaston,  of  Thurcaston     Sa.,  three  owls  2  and  1.  ar. 

13  Ridware  Az.,  an  eagle  display  ed,  ar.,  and  a 

chief  vair. 

Ar.,  three  falcons,  gu. 

Az.,  two  bars,  ar.,  in  chief  two 

mullets  of  the  second. 
Az.,  two  bars,  argent. 

Barry  nebule  of  six,  a  canton,  gu. 
And,  gu.  a  chev.  betw.  three 
eagles  displ.  ,double  headed  ar. 

Sa.,  a  fess  dancette  betw.  three 
mullets,  ar. 

Az.,  a  saltier  and  a  chief,  or. 


14  Falconer 

15  Venables,  of  Bollin 

16  Venables,  of  Kinderton 
17-18  Folville 


19  Wessenham 


20  Bruce 


21  Edmund  (Ironside)  King  of     Az.,  a  cross  patonce  betw.  four 

crowns,  or. 

Az.,an  eagle  displayed  with  two 
heads,  sa. 


England 

22  Austria 


Royal  Descents  of  Annesley  and  others. 


115 


23  Malcolm  (Canmore)  King     Or.,  a  lion  ramp., within  a  double 
of  Scotland  tressure,  gu. 

24  Edgar  Athelin  Az.,  a  cross  patonce  between  four 

crowns,  or. 

25  Edward  (Confessor)  King     Az.,  a  cross  patonce  between  four 
of  England  martlets,  or. 

26  David,  Earl  of  Huntingdon    Or,  three  piles,  gules. 

27  Gospatric,    Earl    of    Nor-     Gu.,  a  saltier,  argent. 
thumberland 

28  Hugh  Cyveliok,  Earl  of       Az.,  six  garbs,  or,  3,  2  and  1. 
Chester 

29  Hugh  Lupus,  Earl  of  Ches-     Az.,  a  wolf's  head,  erased,  or. 
ter 

30  Richard,  Earl  of  Chester       Gu.,  crusilly,  a  wolf's  head  erased, 

ar. 

31  Ranulph   de   Meschines       Or,  a  lion  ramp.,  his  tail  erected. 

32  Fitz  Hamon,  Earl  of  Glouc.     Gu.  three  rests,  or. 

33  Harvey  Or,  a  chev.  betw.  three  leopards' 

faces,  gu. 

34  BROCAS      1  These  Coats  were  usually    ga     a  ]ion  ramp,  guardant,  Or. 
o  k    t*  r    borne  quarterly  by       ~     ' ,         , .  ,  i       ,   • 

35  Roches    J  Brocas.  Sa.,  two  lions  passant  guardant  m 

pale,  or,  armed  and  langued, 

gules. 
Quarterly,  or  and  gu.,  a  bend  sa., 

and  a  label  of  three  points. 
Quarterly,  sa.  and  argent. 
Az.,  a  cross,  engrailed,  or. 

Az.,on  a  f ess  betw. two  chevrons, 
or,a  stag's  head,  cabossed,  gu. 

Ar.,  a  cross  betw.  four  mullets  of 
six  points,  gu. 

Az.,  a  fess  betw.  4  chevronels,  or. 

Or,  a  chevron  betw.  three  eagles, 

displ.,  sa. 
Ar.  a  chev.  betw.  3  crosses  flory, 

sa. 
Quartei'ly.   gu.   and    vaire,  on   a 
bend  or  an  annulet. 
Barry  of  8  ar.  and  vert,  a  griffin 
segreant,  or. 
Ar.,  a  lion  passant  betw.  3  crosses 

pattee  fitchee,  gu. 
Az.,  a  chevron  betw.  kites' heads, 

erased,  or. 


36  Fitz  Roger 

37  De  Hoo 

38  De  Caune 

39  Morrell 

40  Banbury 

41  Cosnard 

42  Dexter 

43  Anderson 

44  Constable 

45  Downing 

46  Dighton 

47  Keyt 

i  2 


no 


Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 


48  Tyndale 

49  Annesley 

50  Tyndale 

51  Booth,  of  Dunham  Massey 

52  Barton? 

53  Massey,  of  Dunham 

54  Venables,  of  Bollin 

55  Venables,  of  Kinderton 

56  Whitney 

57  Fitton 

58  Moberley 

59  Thornton 

GO  Kingsley 

61  Kingsley's  Forester's  Coat 

62  Starton,  of  Starton,  Chesh. 

63  Hellesby 

64  1 

65  Hatton 

66  Crispin 

67  normanville 

68  Mountpord,  of  Ressote 

69  Ashton,  of    Ashton-under- 
Lyne. 

70  Stayley 

71  Boteler,  of  Beausy 

72  Egerton 


Ar.,  upon  a  fess  gu.  betw.  three 
garbs,  sa.,  a  martlet  of  the 
first. 

Faly  of  6  ar.  and  az.,a  bend.,gu. 

Ar.,  upon  a  fess  gu.  betw.  three 
gai*bs,  a  martlet  of  the  first. 

Ar.,  three  boars'  heads  erect  and 
erased,  sa.,  languecl,  gu.,  a 
crescent  for  a  difference. 

Ar.,  a  fess  engrailed,  gu. 

Quarterly,  gu.  and  or,  in  the  first 
quarter  a  lion  passant,  ar. 

Az.,  2  bars  and  in  chief  as  many 
mullets,  ar. 

Az.,  two  bars,  ar. 

Paly  of  six  or  &  gu. ,  a  chief,  vair 

Ar.,on  a  bend,  az.,  three  garbs,  or. 

Ar.,  2  chevronels  &  a  canton,  gu. 

Ar.,  on  a  bend.,  gu.,  three  escar- 

buncles  of  eight  rays,  or. 
Vert,  a  cross,  engrailed,  ermine. 

Ar.,  a  bugle-horn  stringed,  sa.,  in 
dexter  chief,  a  cinquefoil. 

Ar.,  a  holly  tree  eradicated  and 

erected  in  pale,  ppr. 
Or,  a  saltier,  sa, 
Sa.,  a  cross  raguly,  gu. 
Az.  a  chevron  betw.  3  garbs.,  or. 
Barry  bendy  sinister,  ar.  and  gu. 

Ar.  on  a  fess,gu.  cotised,  sa.,  three 

fleurs-de-lis,  ar. 
Bendy  of  ten,  or  and  az. . 
Ar.,  a  mullet,  sa. 

Ar.,  a  chevron,  engrailed,  az. 

Gu.,a  cross  engrailed,  erm., within 
a  bordure  gobony,  or  and  az. 

Ar.,  a  lion  ramp.,  gu.,  betw. three 
pheons'  heads,  sa. 


N.B. — The  Rev.  F.  H.  Annesley  is  entitled  to  impale  all  these  coats  in 
right  of  his  wife  and  cousin,  and  their  children  to  quarter  them. 


Abbot  Newland's  Roll.  117 


ABBOT  NEWLAND'S  ROLL 

OF    THE 

ABBOTS   OF   ST.  AUGUSTINE'S  ABBEY   BY  BRISTOL. 

Communicated  by  I.  H.  JEAYES,  Esq., 
Assistant  in  the  Department  of  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum. 

On  the  suggestion  of  Sir  John  Maclean  and  the  Ven.  Archdeacon 
Norris  I  have  availed  myself  of  the  kindness  of  Lord  Fitzhardinge 
to  lay  before  the  members  of  the  Bristol  &  Gloucestershire  Arch- 
aeological Society  the  transcript  of  a  portion  of  Abbot  Newland's 
Chronicle  Roll  of  the  Berkeleys.  This  particular  portion  includes 
Newland's  introduction,  and  his  Chronicle  of  the  Abbots  of  St. 
Augustine's  Abbey,  Bristol,  from  Robert  Fitzharding,  the  founder, 
to  Robert  Elyot,  the  twenty-first  Abbot,  elected  28th  August, 
1515. 

As  regards  the  Roll  itself,  Smyth,  in  h'S  Lives  of  the  Berkeleys, 
makes  frequent  mention  of  Newland's  Chronicle,  but,  unfortu- 
nately, in  terms  not  sufficiently  explicit  to  show  whether  it  was 
this  identical  document  he  had  before  him  or  the  original  roll  in 
the  Abbot's  own  hand,  of  which  this  must  be  a  copy.  For  that 
this  is  not  the  original  is  plain  from  the  fact  that  Newland's 
death,  burial  and  achievements  are  recorded  in  it,  as  well  as  the 
election  of  his  successor,  in  the  same  handwriting  as  the  body  of 
the  Roll. 

If  any  further  proof  were  necessary  that  this  is  but  a  copy 
of  an  older  Roll,  it  is  easily  found,  for  having  suffered  considerable 
damage  from  damp,  etc.,  at  the  edges,  the  missing  words  have  in 
many  places,  notably  in  the  preamble,  been  supplied  by  an  18th 
century  hand,  and  evidently  from  a  much  older  document,  as  the 
spelling  and  quaint  wording  bear  witness.  This  too  seems  to 
prove  that  when  these  late  additions  were  made  the  original 
Chronicle  was  amongst  the  muniments  in  Berkeley  Castle.  It 
cannot  now  be  found,  but  it  is  possible  that  when  I  have  completed 


118  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

the  catalogue  of  the  Castle  Muniments,  which  I  hope  to  do  in 
the  coming  autumn,  it  may  be  discovered. 

A  brief  description  of  the  Roll  is  necessary.  Tt  is  written  on 
paper,  and  is  in  two  pieces,  the  upper  part  measuring  23  ins.  by 
16  ins.,  being  pasted  on  17th  century  parchment,  and  the  lower 
part  measuring  16  ft.  6  ins  by  16  ins.,  being  much  torn  at  the  top 
and  at  the  edges.  The  upper  part  contains  the  preamble,  or  the 
Abbot's  preface,  the  Chronicle  commencing  "  Kyng  Harri  the 
first,"  which  illustrates  the  part  taken  by  Robert  son  of  Harding 
in  the  civil  wars  of  King  Stephen,  and  the  marriage  covenant 
uniting  the  families  of  Berkeley  and  Fitzharding.  (The  original 
covenant  is  still  in  good  condition  at  Berkeley  Castle).  The  lower 
part  contains  the  descent  of  Robert  Fitzharding  and  the  account 
of  founding  the  Abbey,  followed  by  the  chronicle  of  the  Abbots, 
and,  running  parallel  to  it,  the  chronicle  of  the  family.  On  the 
other  side  of  the  Roll  is  a  complete  list  of  the  Mayors,  Sheriffs 
and  Bailiffs  of  Bristol  from  "  William  Cannyng,  Maior,  and  Henry 
Vyell,"  vicecomes  et  primus  Bristollie,  and  "William  Combe  et 
Thomas  Knappe,  Ballivi  [1374,  the  year  in  which  Edward  III. 
made  Bristol  a  separate  county],  down  to  John  Hutton,  Maior, 
Thomas  Jeffereis  and  Johannes  Spryng,  vicecomites  [1524].  Side 
by  side  with  the  list  is  a  meagre  chronicle  of  the  deaths  and 
accessions  of  the  Kings  of  England;  for  example,  "1272  [Anno] 
56.  Et  obiit  [Henricus  III.]  xvi  Kal.  Decembris  sepultus  apud 
Westmonasterium  cui  successit  Alius  ejus  Eclwardus  primus." 
Finally,  there  are  in  addition  a  few  historical  notes,  of  which  the 
following  are  specimens  : — 

1520.  This  yere  whete  barly  and  benes  where  for  the  more  part  of 
the  yere  at  xxijd  the  bz  [bushel]  and  above  and  grete  sca[r]sty 
of  corne  was  amonges  the  people.  Also  the  same  yere  was 
beheddid  the  noble  lord  Edward  Due  of  Buckingham  the 
xviij  day  of  May  and  berid  at  the  Austen  Freris  in  London, 
and  about  Seint  Jamis  tide  whete  was  at  iijs  iiijd  the  bz. 
[bushel]. 
Anno  31.  [i.e.  Johannis  Newland  Abbatis].  Isto  anno  in  festo 
Sancti  Laurencii  combusta  fuit  navis  vocata  Regent  cum 
inagno  Carricke  de  Brest  supra  mare. 


Abbot  New-land's  Roll.  llfl 

Under  the  year  1327,  where  an  interesting  note  might  be 
looked  for,  there  is  unfortunately  nothing  but  the  bare  record  of 
the  death,  and  burial  at  Gloucester  of  the  ill-fated  Edward  II., 
whose  memory  will  for  ever  be  associated  with  the  famous  Castle 
of  Berkeley. 


Hereafter  folowith  the  trewe  and  noble  Petegre  of  William  |lord 
Marquyes  Berkeley  EarleJ  of  Noty[ngham  and  grete  Eric 
Marchall  of  England]  originalli  and  lineally  descending  from 
the  Kyng  of  Denemark1  [and  in  the  tyme  of  William] 
Conqueror  [whos  noble  Ancestours  lordis  of  Berkeley  sithin] 
diverse  tymes  have  maryed  w*  the  Royall  blode  of  the  Kynges 
of  Englande  [with  many  other]  lordes  of  this  II [ancle  of  right 
hygh  estate  as  here  after  shall  more]  evidently  appere.  This 
noble  Petegre  was  compiled  and  translated  out  of  latyn  into 
Englishe  in  the  v  [yere  of  the  Regne  of  our  soverayne  lord 
and  Kynge]  King  Harry  the  vijth  and  bi  John  Newlande 
Abbot  of  the  Monastery  of  Senct  Augustines  bi  Bristow  [and 
where  hit  is  undirstandid  of  the  said  John  Newland]  Abbot 
that  the  devote  mynde  and  intent  of  the  olde  noble  funda- 
toures  of  monasteries  some  tyme  was  [to  employe  and  con- 
tinually to  mayntene  the]  service  of  God  bothe  bi  day  and 
nyght.  And  that  also  the  especiall  remembrance  in  prayers 
of  Religiouse  [men  shuld  be  don  for  ever  for  all  there  funda- 
tours]  and  benefactoures.  Therefore  full  moche  convenient 
hit  thinketh  me  that  all  Religous  men  knowe  bi  [name  their 
fundatours  and  especial  benefactours]  for  whom  thei  ought 
most  devoutely  pray  for,  whiche  for  the  love  of  God  and  in 
perpetual  almys  have  geven  [and  procurid  to  be  geven  unto 
them  grete  possessiones  and  liberteis,  And  for  this  cause 
movid  y  the  foresaid  John  N[ewland]  Abbot  for  my  more 
larger  knowledge  [and  informacion  of  my  brethren  Chanons 
present]  And  for  evir  after  to  be  come  have  taken  uppon 
me  to  put  into  writing  the  lineal  and  trew  descent  of  [Sir 

1  See  Lives  of  the  Berkeleys  (Maclean's  Edition),  Vol.  I.,  p.  19,  Note  a.— Ed. 
The  words  v\  ithin  the  square  brackets  have  been  supplied  by  an  eighteenth 
century  hand, 


120  Transactions  *'ok  the  Year  1889-90. 

Robert  Fizherding  the  son  and  eyre  of  herding]  whiche 
herding  Avas  son  of  the  King  of  Denemarke  whiche  Robert 
foresaide  was  first  created  lord  of  Berkeley  [and  so  lineally 
from  him  I  shall  continew  unto]  William  now  lord  marquyes 
Berkley  for  whom  And  all  othir  of  his  noble  auncestoures 
we  ben  bounde  [specially  to  pray  and  as  that  I  shall  begynne] 
this  said  noble  Petegre  First  y  shall  declare  Iioav  the  said 
Sir  Robert  fizherding  was  first  made  lorde  of  the  [Barony  of 
Berkeley  and  shall  expresse  folowyngly]  certeyue  conven- 
ciones  made  atwixe  the  saide  Sir  Robert  fizherding  and  [Sir] 
Roger  of  Berkeley  [lord  and  Baron  of  Dursley], 

Kyng  Harry  the  first  the  iijde  son  of  King  William  Conquerour  had 

issue  remaynyng  on  doughter  named  Mawde  whiche  was  first 

maryed  unto    [the  Emperour  of]   Alemayne  whiche   clecessid 

w*out  eny  issue  of  here  body  begoten.     And  where  all  the 

othir  children  of  the  said  King  Harry  lawfully  begoten  were 

drowned   in  [the  see  comyng]  out  of  Normandie   And  had 

none  othir  Eyre  the  saide  King  Harry  send  for  his  foresaide 

doughter  Mawde  the  Emparice  into  Englande    And  in  opyn 

parlia(ment  declared)  and  ordeyned  her  to  be  his  eyre.     To 

whom  then  and  there  were  sworen  all  the  lordes  of  Englande 

And  made   unto  her  sewete   admyttyng  here  for  his  (eyre, 

Amongs)  whom  principally  and  first  was  sworen  Stevyn  Erie 

of  Boleyn  Nevowe  of  the  said  King  Harry  the  first.     This  so 

done  this  saide  Mawde  the  Emparice  was  (after  mai'yed)  un 

to  Galfride  Plantagenett  Erie  of  Angewe  whiche  begate  of 

here  a  son  whiche   was   named   Harry.     Whiche  after  was 

King  Harry  the  secunde.    But  (sone  after  that)  Kyng  Harry 

the  first  was  decessid  the  foresaide  Stevyn  Erie  of   Boleyn 

presumed   and   usurped   the  crowne     And  was  made   King 

contrary   to   his   othe    And  promisse  (made  unto)  the  said 

Mawde  the  Emparice.     But  when  then  after  Harry  the  Son 

and  Eyre  of  the  said  Mawde  the  Emparice    And  also  of  the 

saide   Galfride  Erie  of  Angewe  was  (growen)  unto  man  is 

state  he  wfc  his  saide  Moder  Mawde  w*  a  smalle  power  came 

The  words  within  the  round  brackets  are  supplied  from  Smyth's  Lives  of 
the  Berkeleys. 


Abbot  Newland's  Roll.  121 

ovir  in  to  Englancle  And  claymecl  their  right  and  heneritance 
in  the  vth  yere  of  (the  raigne  of)  the  said  Kyng  Stevyn  And 
so  continued  grete  discorde  and  Batelle  atwixe  them  bi  the 
space  of  ij  yeres  And  the  vijth  yere  of  the  Regne  of  the  saide 
Kyng  (Steven  there)  was  a  Batelle  made  at  Lyncolne  at 
Candelmas  where  the  saide  Kyng  Stevyn  was  taken  bi  the 
Erie  of  Chester  And  from  thens  was  brought  to  Bristowe 
(to  the  sayd)  Mawde  Emparice  And  to  her  son  and  Eyre 
Harry,  wher  then  thei  were  in  this  wise  agreid  and  finally 
accordid  that  the  saide  (Steven  should  regne  Kynge)  duryng 
his  life  And  he  that  ovir  lyved  othir  of  the  saide  Stevyn  or 
Harry  shuld  henerite  the  Realine  and  Crowne  And  so  the  said 
Harry  (overlivid  Kinge  Steven)  And  then  after  was  crowned 
Kyng  of  Englande  And  namyd  Kyng  Harry  the  secunde 
Unto  whom  in  his  first  entre  and  werres  the  foresaide  Sir 
[Robert  Fitzhardinge]  gave  and  lende  grete  substance  of  goodes 
to  the  supportacion  And  maynetenance  of  his  werres,  And 
when  this  Harry  had  obteyned  his  right  he  rememb(ered  the 
great  kyndnes  and)  benefites  of  the  saide  Sir  Robert  fiz- 
herding  And  gave  unto  him  And  to  his  Eyrys  for  evir  the 
Barony  of  Berkley  Whiche  Barony  Roger  of  (Berkeley, 
Baron  of)  Durseley  helde  of  the  Kyng  in  fee  ferme  And 
for  so  moche  the  saide  Kyng  Harry  the  secunde  toke  from 
the  saide  Roger  bothe  the  Barony  of  Durseley  [and  that]  of 
Berkley  for  as  moche  as  he  toke  partye  w*  Kyng  Stevyn 
agenst  Kyng  Harry.  And  also  for  as  moche  as  he  refused 
to  pay  the  fee  ferme  of  the  Bai-ony  of  Berkley  un  to  the  said 
Kyng  Harry.  But  then  after  the  saide  Kynge  Harry 
entretid  bi  the  noble  lordes  of  his  Royalme  gave  ageyne  un 
to  the  saide  Roger  the  (Barony  of)  Durseley  as  his  owne 
heneritance.  And  the  Barony  of  Berkley  he  gave  And 
confermyd  un  to  the  saide  Sir  Robert  fizherding  and  his 
Eyrys  for  evir  (in  recompence)  of  his  grete  costes  and  kynde- 
nes.  And  when  after  Sir  Robert  fizherding  was  lord  And 
Baron  of  Berkeley  the  said  Roger  lord  and  Baron  of  Durseley 
(vexed)  And  troubled  with  him  so  grevousely  that  he  came 
un  to  the  said  Kyng  Harry  And  prayed  him  to  resume  his 


122  Transactions  foe  the  Year  !So9-90. 

yefte l  ageyne.  But  then  after  the  saide  Kynge  Harry 
(made)  a  peace  And  a  finalle  concorde  atwixe  the  saide 
Roger  and  Robert  so  that  the  said  Roger  shuld  geve  his 
doughter  Alice  to  wife  unto  Morice  the  son  and  Eyre  of 
Sir  Robert  fizherding  wfc  the  towne  of  Slymebrigge,  Under 
certeyne  condicionys  as  followingly  shalle  appere. 

This  ben  the  covenantes  that  wer  made  atwixe  Sir  Robert  fiz 
herding  lord  and  Baron  of  Berkley  and  Sir  Roger  of 
Berkley  [lord  and  Baron  of  Dursley  in  the]  howse  of  Sir 
Robert  fizherding  at  Bristowe  And  in  the  presence  of  Kyng 
Stevyn  and  of  the  Harry  then  Duke  of  Normandy  (and 
Earle  of  Angewe  and  by  his  assent)  and  in  the  presence  of 
moiiy  othirs  bothe  clerkes  and  laymen. 

Morice  the  son  and  Eyre  of  Sir  Robert  fiz  herding  sball2  take(n) 
to  his  wife  Alice  the  doughter  of  Roger  of  Berkley  Baron 
of  Dursley  And  the  saide  [Roger  shall  give]  to  the  saide  Morice 
in  mariage  w*  his  saide  doughter  Slymebrigge  whiche  is  of  his 
heneritance  that  is  to  wete  xh  wurthe  of  lande  And  this 
Morice  [by  consent]  of  Sir  Robert  his  fader  hath  geven  un 
to  the  doughter  of  Roger  that  he  shall  take  to  wife  for  her 
dower  xxH  of  lande  of  the  fee  of  Berkley  bi  the  [agreement 
of  the]  foresaide  lord  Duke  Harry  And  under  this  condicions 
and  covenantes  That  if  so  Morice  the  son  and  eyre  of  Sir 
Robert  fizherding  shall  happe  to  dec(esse  ere  he  shall  wedde) 
the  doughter  of  the  said  Roger,  that  then  his  next  brother 
and  Eyre  shall  take  the  saide  Alice  to  his  wife  according  to 
all  the  foresaide  convencions  And  (if  soe  the  second)  son  of 
the  saide  Sir  Robert  fizherding  shall  fortune  to  decesse  before 


■s 


he  shall  wedde  the  doughter  of  the  saide  Sir  Roger  that  then 
who  so  evir  of  the  sonncs  of  the  sayd  Sir  Robert  fizherding 
shall  remayne  to  be  his  Eyre  shall  take  to  wife  the  doughter 
of  the  saide  Roger.  And  of  likewise  if  the  elder  doughter 
of  the  (sayd  S1'  Roger  shall)  fortune  to  decesse  afore  that  she 
be  weddid  to  Morice  the  Son  and  Eyre  of  Sir  Robert  fiz- 

1  i.e.  Gift. 

B  "  Hath  "  written  over  "  shall." 


Abbot  Newland's  Roll.  123 

herding  or  to  eny  othir  of  his  brethren  that  shall  remayne 
Eyre  (after  him  that)  then  the  elder  doughter  levyng  and 
remaynyng  of  the  saide  Roger  shalbe  geve  to  wife  un  to  the 
son  of  Sir  Robert  fiz  Herding  which  levith  and  (shall  remayne 
his  eire)  Furthermore  the  son  and  Eyre  of  Roger  of  Berkley 
Baron  of  Durseley  shalle  take  to  wife  in  like  forme  on  of  the 
doughters  of  Sir  Robert  fizherding  (And  the  sayd)  Roger 
shall  geve  in  mariage  to  the  doughter  of  Sir  Robert  fizherding 
for  her  dowery  the  maner  of  Siston  of  Bristow  the  whiche 
maner  is  of  (the  heneritance  of  the)  saide  Roger,  And  Sir 
Robert  fizharding  shall  geve  in  mariage  wfc  his  doughter  to 
the  son  of  the  saide  Roger  x11  and  xs  wurthe  of  lande  at 
(Dursley  And  with)  this  condicion,  that  if  on  of  the  doughters 
of  Robert  fizherding  decesse  afore  she  be  weddid  to  the  son 
and  eyre  of  the  saide  (Roger,  that  then  the  othir  doughter 
of)  the  saide  Sir  Robert  fiz  Herding  shalbe  geven  wife  unto 
him.  And  if  hit  so  shall  fortune  that  bothe  the  doughters  of 
Sir  Robert  fiz  (Herding  decesse  afore  eny  of  them  bee)  maried 
un  to  the  Son  and  Eyre  of  the  saide  Roger,  that  then  his  Eyre 
shalle  take  to  wife  the  doughter  of  Hew  of  Hasele  Nece  of 
the  saide  (Sr  Robert  fiz  Herding)  Of  like  wise  if  the  first  goten 
Son  and  Eyre  of  Roger  of  Berkley  Baron  of  Dursele  decesse 
afore  that  he  marye  w*  eny  of  the  doughteres  of  (Sir  Robert 
fiz  Herding)  or  of  the  saide  Hew  of  Hasele  then  that  brothir 
that  shall  remayne  to  be  Eyre  of  the  said  Roger  shalle  take  to 
wife  on  of  the  doughteres  of  the  saide  Sir  (Robert  fiz  Herding) 
And  if  thei  decesse  all  or  that  eny  of  them  shalbe  maried, 
that  then  the  Eyre  of  the  saide  Roger  shall  take  to  his  wife 
the  doughter  of  the  said  Hewe  (of  Hasele  nece  of  the)  saide 
Sir  Robert  fiz  Herding  according  unto  all  the  foresaide  coven- 
antes  And  all  thes  foresaide  covenantes  have  sworen  feithfully 
to  holde,  kepe  (and  performe  without)  eny  fraude  or  deceyt  the 
foresaide  Sir  Robert  fiz  Herding  And  Roger  of  Berkley  Baron 
of  Durseley,  And  thei  have  putte  Harry  Duke  of  Normandy 
(aforesaid  for  plegge)  and  for  juge  atwixe  them  of  all  thes 
foresaide  Covenantes  trewly  to  be  performyd  atwixe  them. 
To  thes  Covenantes  wele  and  trewly  to  be  observed   (have 


124  Transactions  for  the  Year  1S89-90. 

sworen  also)  viij  noble  men  of  the  party  of  Sir  Robert  fiz 
Herding.  And  also  other  viij  noble  men  of  the  party  of  the 
saide  Roger,  whos  names  ben  thes  of  the  party  (of  the  sayd 
Roger,  William)  the  son  of  Duke  Harry  of  Normandie  afore- 
saide,  Roger  of  Shay,  Rafe  of  Iweley,  Walberyne,  Eng(ewald) 
of  Gosynton,  Guydo  of  Sto(ne,  Gwafere  of  Planca)  Hew  of 
Planca  his  brothir.  And  of  the  partye  of  Sir  Robert  fiz 
Herding  thes  ben  their  names,  Hew  of  Hasele,  Nigelle  fiz 
Arthure  (Robert  of  St.  Maryes,  Elias)  the  brother  of  Sir 
Robert  fiz  Herding  and  Jordane  his  brothir,  Jordane  le 
Fayre,  Richard  fiz  Robert  And  David  Duncepouche,  And 
(thes  foresayd  men  with  all  their)  strenght  shall  holde  and 
kepe  the  foresaide  Sir  Robert  fiz  Herding  And  Roger  in  all 
thes  foresaide  covenantes  trewly  to  be  observyd  (that  if  soe 
the  foresaid  Robert)  And  Roger  would  go  from  the  foresaide 
covenantes  thei  shall  constrayne  them  wfc  all  their  power  and 
myght  (to  hold  and  kepe  them,  And  if  they)  wulde  at  eny 
tyme  dissent,  these  foresaide  [Noble  men]  of  their  service 
and  love  shalle  reduce  them  therunto  And  for  thes  (cove- 
nantes aforesaid  wreten,  the  foresayd)  Roger  of  Berkley, 
Baron  of  Durseley  hathe  relesid  And  quyete  claymed  al 
maner  of  chalange  and  right  that  he  had  in  the  Fee  (ferme 
of  the  Barony  of  Berkeley). 

Herding  (son)  of  the  Kyng  of  (Denmark)  had  issue  bi  his  (wife) 
Hvida  iij  [v]  sdnnes  (and  iij)  doughters  as  hit  .  .  .  folowingly 
and  (deceased  at  Bristoll  the)  vj  day  of  Nov(ember)  1115. 

Robert  (fiz)  Herding  first  (lord  of)  Berkeley  (primer  fundatour) 
and  chanon  (of  the  Monastery)  of  Seint  Aug(ustine's  bi  Bris- 
towe)  had  issue  as  (apperes  folow)yngly  and  (died  the  fifth 
day  of)  February  (in  the)  seventeenth  yere  of  Henry  II.), 
yere  of  our  lord  (1170)  and  was  beriecl  atwixe  (the  Abbots 
and)  Priores  stalles  (and)  nexte  un  to  the  Abbotes  stalle  in 
the  intreying  into  the  qwere. 

This  goode  lorde  primers  fundatour  and  Chanon  of  the  Monastery 
of  Seint  Augustines  bi  Bristowe  began  the  fundacion  of  the 


Abbot  Newland's  Roll.  125 

same  in  the  yere  of  our  lord  M.c  xl.  And  bilded  the  churche 
And  all  othir  howses  of  offices  according  to  the  same  bi  the 
space  of  vj  yeres.  And  so  after  in  the  yere  of  our  lord 
M.c  xlvi  Robertus  Bisshoppe  of  Worcetr  Boniface  Bisshoppe 
of  Excetr  Nicholas  Bisshoppe  of  Landaf  And  Gregorie 
Bisshoppe  of  Seint  Asse  1  dedicate  the  churche  of  the  saide 
Monastery.  And  then  after  Alured  Bisshoppe  of  Worcetr 
inducte  vj  chanons  of  the  Monastery  of  Wigmore  gederid 
And  chosen  by  Sir  Robert  fiz  Herding  our  fundatour  in  to 
our  churche  and  Monastery  aforesaide  on  the  Ester  day 
whiche  was  that  yere  the  xj  day  of  Aprile  And  in  the  yere 
of  our  lord  M.c.xlviij. 

[That  this  Sir  Robert  fiz  Herding  first  lord  of  Berk[eley  primer] 

Fundatour  of  our  monastery  of  Seint  Augustines 

chanon  of  the  same  hit  so  apperith  bi  his  Obite  (which)  is 
yerely  in  our  chapiter  house  in  this  forme   ....    Robert  fiz 

Herding  Chanon  And  our  fundatour ,    his  son  and 

Eyre   Morice   secunde   lord  of   [Berkeley's]   charter  on  this 

wise  writen.    Be  hit that  y  Morice  the  son  and  Eyre 

of  Sir  [Robert  fiz  Herding  have]  grawnted  And  confermed 
for  my  Sowle  [and  the  sowles  of  my]  Auncetry  to  the  churche 

of  Seint  Augustines  bi  Bristowe whiche  my  lorde 

And  fader  hath  funded  all  suche  thinges  whiche  my  saide 
fader  hath  geven  And  graunted  to  the  cha(nons)  of  the  same 
Churche  of  Seint  Augustines  that  is  to  wete  Berkley-hurnys, 
Almondesbery,  Horefeld,  Asshelwurth  and  the  whiche  he 
gave  un  to  them  when  he  became  and  w  .  .  .  a  chanon,  And 
every  of  them  w*  all  their  appertinences.J 

And  for  this  good  lorde  Sir  Robert  fiz  Herding  oure  primer 
fundatour  And  the  goode  lady  Dame  Eve  his  wife  this  ben 
the  speciall  thinges  done  for  them  besides  the  generall 
prayers  continually  done  in  divine  service  bi  day  and  nyght. 
First  thei  bene  prayed  fore  dayly  bi  name  opynly  in  oure 
Chapiter-howse.     Also  thei  have  their  Placebo  and   Dirige 

1  St.  Asaph  ?— Ed. 


126  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

solennely  songe  with  Ryngyng  in  the  Eve  of  their  Anni- 
versary And  on  the  morowe  commendaciones  And  Masse. 
The  Abbot  for  the  fundatour  And  the  Prior  for  the  fundresse 
executing  the  service  And  on  the  day  of  our  saide  fundatour 
is  Anniversarye  ther  shalbe  c.  poore  men  refresshid  in  a  doole 
made  un  to  them  in  this  forme,  Every  man  of  them  shall 
have   a    Chanon   is   lofe  of   bred  callid  a  Myche1  And  iii 

Herynges  therwith.  Ther  shalbe  delid  amonges  them  also  ij 
busshellis  of  pesis.  An  other  doole  also  that  day  shalbe  made 
in  money,  cakes  and  loves  of  iij  to  a  peny  under  this  forme. 
The  Abbot  shalle  have  a  Cake  price  of  iiijd  with  ij  castes  of 
bred  and  iiijd  for  wyne.  Also  the  Priour,  the  Suppriour 
And  the  Amener  eviry  of  them  shall  have  ij  Cakes  price  for 
every  Cake  ijd  w*  j  caste  of  bred  And  ijd  for  wyne  And  every 
Chanon  after  bothe  of  Prestes  and  also  of  Novices  shall 
have  a  Cake  of  ijd  with  a  caste  of  bred  And  ijd  for  wyne. 
More  ovir  eviry  seculer  servande  of  howsehold  within  the 
monastery  shall  have  a  cake  of  jd  And  a  caste  of  bred.  Also 
every  Frere  in  every  howse  of  the  iiij  orders  of  Bristowe 
shalle  have  a  lofe.  And  in  like  wise  every  Prisoner  within  the 
Gaole  of  Newgate  in  Bristowe.  And  all  the  remanet  of  bred 
not  divided  shalbe  delyd  at  the  yate  of  oure  saide  Monastery 
un  to  pore  people.  And  every  man  takyng  parte  of  this  doole 
shalle  have  xl.  dayes  of  Pardone.  And  in  the  day  of  the 
Anniversary  of  Dame   Eve  oure  funderesse  a  doole  shalbe 

■I 

made  under  this  forme.  That  day  shalbe  delyd  un  to  1.  poore 
men  1.  lofes  callid  miches  And  un  to  every  of  them  iij 
herynges.  And  amonges  them  all  shalbe  delyd  also  j  bushell 
of  Peses. 
Hereafter  folowyngly  shalle  appere  the  names  of  all  the  Abbotes 
of  our  foresaide  Monastery. 

Richarde  the  first  Abbot  of  oure  Monastery  was  inducte  on 
Esterday  and  the  xj  day  of  Aprile  in  the  yere  of  oure  Lord 
M.c.xlviij.  And  the  xj  yere  of  the  Regne  of  King  Stevyn. 
And   rewlyd   xxxviij   yeres    And  decessid  the   iiijth  day  of 

XX 

September  And  is  beried  the  yer  of  our  Lord  m.c  iiij  vj. 
1  Myehe=a  loaf  of  bread. 


Abbot  Newland's  Roll.  127 

John  the  Secunde  Abbot  succedid  And  rewlid  xxix  yeris  And 
decessid  the  xij  day  of  February  the  yere  of  our  Lord  M.cc.xvj 

Joseph  was  electe  Abbot  and  decessid  the  xvij  day  of  September 
And  is  beried  under  a  marbill  stone. 

This  Joseph  livid  after  his  Election  xxxj  wekes  and  so 
decessid  a  fore  he  was  installid,  the  yere  of  our  Lord  M.ccxvj. 

David  the  iijde  Abbot  succedid  And  rewlid  xix  yeris  And  decessid 
the  iij  day  of  Jule  And  is  beried  under  a  Marbull  Stone 
with  a  hedde  And  a  Crosse  made  of  the  same  in  the  elder 
chapelle  of  oure  Lady  the  yere  of  our  Lord  M  ccl  iij. 

This  Abbot  David  resigned  And  William  of  Bradstone  suc- 
cedid him  and  was  electe  the  xxi  clay  of  May  the  yere  of  our 
Lord  M.cc.xxxiiij. 

William  of  Bradstone  the  iiijth  Abbot  succedid  And  rewlid  viij 
yeris  And  decessid  the  xx  day  of  May  the  yere  of  our  Lord 
Mcc.lii. 

This  Abbot  William  of  Bradstone  resigned  And  William 
Longe  succedid  him  and  was  electe  the  x  day  of  August  the 
yer  of  our  Lord  M.cc.xlii 

William  Longe  the  6th  Abbot  succedid  And  rewlid  xxij  yeres 
And  decessid  the  xvii  day  of  May  the  yere  of  our  Lord 
M.cc.lxiiij.  And  is  beryed  afore  the  Image  of  our  Lady  at 
the  North  He  of  our  Monastery  of  the  lifte  hand  of  Hew 
Dadyngton  the  viijth  Abbot. 

Richard  of  Malmesbery  the  vj  Abbot  succedid  And  rewlid  xij 
yeris  And  decessid  the  xiij  clay  of  September  the  yere  of  our 
Lord  M.cc.lxxvj. 

John  de  Marina  the  vijth  Abbot  succedid  And  rewlid  x  yeris 
And  decessid  the  xxj  day  of  February  the  yere  of  our  Lord 

XX  * 

Mcciiij  vj.  And  lythe  beried  in  oure  Chapiter  House. 

Hew  of  Dadyngtone  the  viijtb  Abhot  succedid  and  rewlid  viij 
yeris  And  decessid  the  xxvj  day  of  November  and  is  beried 
streight  afore  the  Image  of  our  Lady  in  the  crosse  North  He 

XX 

atwixe  othir  ij  Abbotes,  The  yere  of  our  Lorde  M.  cc.iiij  xiiij. 


128  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Jamys  Barry  the  ixth  Abbot  succedid  and  rewlid  xij  yeris.  And 
decessid  tlie  xij  day  of  November  the  yere  of  oure  Lord 
M.ccc.vj  And  lythe  beried  under  a  marbull  stone  on  the 
southe  side  of  the  Rode  Auter  under  the  Arche  there. 

Edmund  of  Knulle  the  xth  Abbot  succedid  electe  on  Seint  Thomas 
day  the  Apostell  And  rewlid  xxvj  yeris  And  decessid  the  ix 
day  of  June  the  yere  of  our  Lord  M.ccc  xxxii  And  lythe 
beried  under  a  brode  marbull  stone  streight  afore  the  Rode 
Auter. 

This  reverende  fader  Abbot  Edmunde  causid  mony  notable  dedis 
done  in  his  tyme,  First  he  bilded  the  churche  of  the  new  fro 
the  Fundamentes  wfc  the  vestrary  And  began  that  grete 
werke  the  6th  day  after  the  Assumption  of  our  lady  at  the 

XX 

oure  of  ix.  The  yere  of  our  Lord  M.cc.iiij  xviij.  E.  then 
dominica  letter.  The  yere  also  of  King  Edwarde  the  first 
xxv.  He  bilde  also  of  the  new  from  the  Fundamentes  the 
Kynges  Hall  And  also  the  Kynges  Chamber.  Also  he  reparid 
And  kevered  the  Freytoure  w1  othir  goode  dedis. 

John  Snowe  the  xjth  Abbot  succedid  and  was  electe  the  xvij  day 
of  June  And  rewlid  ix  yeris  and  decessid  the  iij  day  of  July 
And  lythe  beried  under  a  brode  marbulle  Stone  in  the  intre 
in  to  the  Rode  Auter. 

Rafe  of  Asshe  the  xijtb  Abbot  succeedid  And  rewlid  xij  yeres 
Electe  the  xviij  day  of  July  And  decessid  the  first  day  of 
M arche.  The  yere  of  oure  Lorde  M.ccc. liij.  And  lythe  beried 
in  the  myddis  of  the  qwere  within  the  Gryce  afore  the 
yongest  Novices  Stalles. 

William  Coke  the  xiijth  Abbot  succedid  and  rewlid  xiij  yeres 
And  resigned  the  first  day  of  October  the  yere  of  oure  Lord 
M.ccclxv  And  decessid  the  viij  day  of  Aprile  the  yere  of  our 
Lord  M  ccc.lxvj.  And  is  beried  in  the  space  a  fore  the  dore 
intreyng  in  to  oure  Lady  chapell  above  the  high  Awter. 

Harry  Shalyngforde  othirwise  namyd  Blebury  the  xiiijth  Abbot 
succedid  And  rewlid  xxiij  yeres  And  decessid  the  ijde  day  of 

XX 

December  the  yere  of  our  Lord  M  ccc  iiij  viij  And  lythe  beried 


Abbot  Newland's  Roll.  129 

in  the  nethir  Tumbe  of  the  Presbitery  whiche  he  caused  to 
be  made  besides  the  high  Auter. 

John  Cernay  the  xvth  Abbot  succedid  and  Electe  the  xiiij  day  of 
January.  And  rewlid  v.  yeris  And  decessid  the  v.  day  of 
October  And  lythe  beried  in  the  ovir  Tumbe  of  the  foresaide 

presbitery  the  yere  of  our  lord  m.ccc  iiij  xiij. 

John  Dawboney  the  xvjth  Abbot  succedid  electe  the  xxv.  day  of 

XX 

October  the  yere  of  our  lord  M.ccc.iiij  xiij.  And  rewlid  xxxv. 
yeres  And  decessid  the  xvj  clay  of  January  the  yer  of  our 
lord  M  ccc  xxviij  Aud  lythe  beried  in  the  high  tumbe  of  the 
north  side  of  the  Rode  Awter. 

Walter  Newbery  the  xvijth  Abbot  succedid  electe  the  xxv  day  of 
February  And  decessid  the  iij  day  of  September  the  yere  of 
oure  Lord  M.cccc.lxiii  And  so  rewlid  xlvj  yeris  And  is  beried 
in  the  ovir  Arche  of  our  Lady  Chapelle  on  the  northe  side 
of  the  Auter. 

This  wurshipfull  fader  Abbot  Walter  Newbery  dyd  mony  grete 
actes  in  his  tyme  in  bilding  of  the  maner  of  Fifhide  in 
Dorsetshire  Also  in  diverse  houses  of  office  at  the  Maner  of 
Lygh  in  Somersetshire  Also  in  diverse  Howsynges  at  the 
Maner  of  Almonclesbery  And  also  new  bilded  the  Maner  of 
Asshelworth  in  Glouceturshire  with  othir  diverse  Granges 
and  appruamentes  of  landes  within  the  saide  maneris  and 
also  other  maneres  And  was  fraudelently  deposid  the  xxiij 
yere  of  his  rewle  bi  the  space  of  v.  yeres  And  then  after 
restorid  to  his  dignite  And  so  decessid  on  whos  sowle  Jhesu 
have  mercy. 

Thomas  Sutton  the  xvijth  (sic)  Abbot  with  subtilite  and  meyn- 
tenance  usurped  v.  yeres  and  so  after  abiecte  was  made  Prior 
of  Poughley  in  Barke  Shire.  Thes  intrusor  bykl  no  thing 
but  wastid  and  spended  the  goodes  of  the  Monastery  for  his 
defense  And  lette  downe  tenementes  and  othir  howses  throw 
his  cause  also  ben  withdrawe   mony  quyte  Rentes  nevir  of 

like  to  be  rekevirid  without  the  helpe  of  a  singuler  benefac- 

toure. 

Vol.  XIV  k 


130  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

William  Hunt  the  xixth  Abbot  succedid  electe  the  xxvij  day  of 
September  And  rewled  viiij  yeres  And  decessid  the  xiiij  day 

XX 

of  Marche  the  yere  of  oure  lord  M.cccc.iiij  j  And  is  beried  in 
the  Northe  side  of  our  ladi  chapell  in  the  nethir  arche  bi  the 
qwere  there. 

This  wurshipfull  fader  Abbot  William  Hunt  dyd  mony  benefites 
for  his  time  in  bilding  of  diverse  Granges  And  especially 
that  he  of  the  new  lette  make  the  hoole  Rofe  of  the  churche 
l)othe  the  bowke  and  the  lies  of  the  same  And  new  lette  cast 
the  ledde  for  the  same  from  the  Toure  all  estward  with  oure 
lady  chapelle,  with  othir  howses  of  office  and  also  benelites 
for  the  whiche  God  rewarde  him  Amen. 

John   Newlande  the    xxli   Abbot  succedid  electe  the   vj   day   of 

XX 

Aprile  the  yere  of  our  lord  M.cccc  iiij.i.  And  ruled  honorably 
xxxiiij  yeres  And  decessid  the  ij'1  clay  of  June  the  yere  off  our 
lorde  M.vcxv  And  is  beried  in  the  South  Side  off  our  Lady 
chapell  in  the  Arch  there  by  the  dore  going  in  to  the  loft 
going  to  the  organs. 

This  Reverend  Father  Abbot  John  Xewland  did  many  honorable 
dedis  in  his  tyme  in  bilding  of  v.  new  barnys  in  the  parrish 
of  Berkeley  ij  grete  barnys  att  Asshelworth  And  in  repayr- 
ing  the  manor  of  Almondesbury  And  in  reedifiing  the  manor 
of  Ligh,  the  manor  of  Horefed,  the  manor  of  Codrington,  the 
manor  of  Powlet  with  many  other  grete  Actis  in  bilding  and 
repairing  of  chaunselles  othir  Howses  Also  the  said  Reverend 
father  In  his  tyme  bildid  the  dortor  And  fraytor,  the  Priores 
logginge,  the  yatehouse,  the  Amery  with  the  logginges  next 
adioynant,  the  hey  barne,  the  Stabilles  ioynyng  to  the  malt 
howse,  with  the  fundacioun  of  the  body  of  church  to  the 
soilis  of  the  aWyndos  of  the  north  side  And  the  westend 
with  othir  Houses  of  office  And  many  othir  grete  benefytes 
for  the  which  God  reward  hym  with  eternal  blisse  Amen. 

Robert  Elyot  the  xxj  Abbot  succedid  elect  the  xxviij  day  of 
August  the  yere  of  our  Lord  Mvcxv.  and  Ruled  right  honor- 
abely. 


Sanctuary  Knockers, 


131 


SANCTUARY    KNOCKERS. 
By  MARY  ELLEN  BAGNALL-OAKELEY. 

Upon  the  doors  of  a  few  old  churches  there  still  remain  large 
bronze  escutcheons  representing  the  head  of  a  gruesome  monster 
with  locks  flowing  and  jaws  extended,  and  in  some  cases  the  head 
of  a  man  within  them.  Through  the  monster's  mouth  hangs  a 
massive  ring  which  in  days  gone  by  served  as  the  Hagoday  or 
Sanctuary  Knocker,  at  which  when  "offenders  dyd  come  and 
knocke,  streightwaie  they  were  letten  in  at  any  time  of  the  nyght.1 
On  the  south  door  of  St.  Nicholas  Church,  Gloucester,  there  is 
an  example  of  one  of  these  knockers,  and  the  head  of  the  fugitive 
is  represented  enveloped  in  his  hood,  with  tongue  protruding  and 
breathless  with  haste,  escaping  into  the  Church  from  between 
behind  the  animal's  head.  It  is  a  fine  specimen  of  14th  century 
bronze  work  and  is  in  excellent  preservation,  though  the  iron 
bronze  ring  is  modern.     (Fig.  3.) 


At  St.  Nicholas  Church,  Gloucester.     Elg.  3  At  Adel  Church.     Fig.  i 

1  Rites  of  Durham,  page  35. 
Notk. — All  mention  of    the  cities  of  refuge,   and  of  any  other  Sanctuary 
which  existed  before  Christian  times,  has  been  purposely  omitted  from 
this  Paper. 
K    2 


132 


Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 


The  Knocker  is  still  upon  the  door  of  Adel  Church,  near  Leeds, 
(fig.  4)  and  a  very  similar  specimen  exists  at  St.  Gregory's, 
Norwich,  (Jig.  5)  but  this  latter 
has  been  removed  from  its 
original  position  to  a  door  in- 
side the  church.  There  is  another 
at  All  Saints',  York  (fig.  6). 


At  St.  Gregory's  Church  Norwich.    Fig.  5.  At  All  Saints'  Church,  York.    Fig.  6. 

All    of  these  have  a  similar  ornamentation  of  foliage  encircling 

the   escutcheon,  and  as    in  the 


Adel     Knocker     the    ring 


is 


original  and  similarly  ornamen- 
ted ;  all  these  are  14th  century 
work. 

The  earliest  example  of 
a  hagoday  is  the  magnificent 
specimen  on  the  south  door  of 
Durham  Cathedral,  which  is 
said  to  have  been  placed  there 
in  the  time  of  Bishop  Geoffrey 
Ruful,  a.d.  1140  (fig.  7),  and 
this  Knocker  has  an  additional 
interest  attaching  to  it,  as  its 
At  Durham  Cathedral.    Fig.  7.  purpose  and  use  are  fully  des- 

cribed in    the   Sanctuariam  Dunelmense,   which  will    be    quoted 
later  on. 


Sanctuary  Knockers.  133 

The  Sanctuaries  or  Asylums  were  places  to  which  either  the 
Church  or  the  Sovereign  had  given  the  right  of  sheltering  those 
who  claimed  protection,  and  from  which  no  one  could  be  forcibly 
taken  without  sacrilege.  At  first  this  privilege  was  not  intended 
to  shelter  the  wicked  from  justice,  but  as  a  refuge  for  the  innocent 
and  oppressed,  and  to  give  a  man  an  asylum  till  he  could  have  a 
fair  hearing.  The  only  people  to  whom  this  protection  was  denied 
were  apostates  and  heretics,  for  they  had  deserted  the  Faith  which 
made  the  Sanctuary  sacred ;  but  as  time  went  on,  murderers  and 
traitors  a  sought  and  obtained  shelter  within  the  sacred  spots,  and 
the  Sanctuaries  of  Mediaeval  Christendom,  which,  originally,  were 
necessary  remedies  for  a  barbarous  state  of  society,  became  when 
that  state  had  passed  away,  almost  unmixed  evils. 

The  privilege  of  Sanctuary  in  Churches  or  other  sacred  places 
was  recognised  from  very  early  times,  though  there  are  no  laws 
relating  to  it  older  than  those  of  Theodosius  (a.d.  401  to  a.d. 
450.)  It  is  plain,  however,  that  these  laws  were  not  made  to 
establish  any  new  right,  but  rather  for  the  regulation  of  one 
which  was  then  in  use,  and  in  the  life  of  St.  Basil  (a.d.  329)  it  is 
recorded  that  he  protected  a  widow  who  had  taken  refuge  at  the 
altar  against  the  Governor  of  Pontus. 

In  Roman  times  other  places  besides  Churches  were  allowed 
this  privilege — the  statue  of  the  Emperor,  his  standard  in  the 
camp,  and  the  graves  of  the  dead  were  all  considered  sacred,  and  in 
later  times  the  cross  by  the  highway,1  hospitals,  and  even  some 
schools  were  added  to  the  places  to  which  a  fugitive  might  fiy  for 
safety. 

We  are  told  by  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  that  in  the  time  of  the 
Druids  asylum  was  allowed  in  their  sacred  groves,  and  the 
rather  mythical  King  Lucius  (a.d.  180)  is  said  to  have  conferred 
it  upon  the  Church  of  Winchester,  but  it  is  not  till  a.d.  633  that 
Pope  Boniface  V.  confirmed  and  authorised  Sanctuaries,  and  he 
is  generally  considered  as  the  founder  of  Sanctuary,  as  it  after- 
wards prevailed  so  extensively  in  the  West.      Soon  after  this  we 

1  Si  qui  ad  aliquam  crucem  in  via  persequentibus  inimicus,  confugeret, 
liber  ac  si  in  ipse  ecclesia  permaneat. 

Concilium  Claramont  1093, 

Apud  Du  Fresne  torn  II,  Col.  1184, 


13-4  TRANSACTIONS   *'OR  THK   YKAK   1880-90. 

find  laws  were  made  in  England  with  reference  to  this  privilege, 
and  about  a.d.  690,  Ina  King  of  Wessex  enacted  "  that  if  a  person 
who  had  committed  a  capital  offence  shall  fly  to  a  Church,  he 
shall  preserve  his  life,  and  make  satisfaction  according  as  right 
requires.  If  any  deserving  of  stripes  shall  fly  to  a  Church  the 
punishment  shall  be  forgiven  him." 

By  a  law  of  King  Alfred,  made  a.d.  887,  the  privilege  was  for 
three  days,  and  it  was  enacted  that  "  if  anyone  took  a  malefactor 
from  a  church,  it  should  be  considered  Sacrilege,  and  the  offender 
was  to  pay  a  fine  of  120  shillings  to  the  Church.  William  the 
Conqueror  altered  this  law,  and  made  a  difference  between  places 
of  greater  or  less  sanctity — thus  a  man  who  took  a  person  from 
an  Abbey  (Ecclesia  Religiones)  was  to  forfeit  100  shillings  and 
restore  the  person,  if  from  a  parish  Church  20  shillings,  if  from 
a  Chapel  10  shillings  ;  and  this  law  states  that  Sanctuary  men 
may  go  40  paces  from  the  more  sacred  place,  and  30  paces  if  it  be 
only  parish  Church. 

In  Edgar's  Canons,  a.d.  959,  priests  are  admonished  to  suppress 
"cultum  voluntarium  et  necromantiam  et  auguria,  et  incantationes 
et  divinum  hominis  cultum,  et  plura  qute  exercentur  in  variis 
prpestigiis,  et  in  cathedra  pacis,  et  in  ulmis,  et  etiam  in  aliis  variis 
arboribus  et  in  saxis  et  in  multis  aliis  phantasmatibus  quibus  rnulti 
eorum  qui  non  deberent  dicipiantur.1 

The  laws  of  Edward  the  Confessor  made  many  references  to 
Sanctuary,  and  by  the  5th  Article  it  is  enacted  that  a  malefactor 
repeating  his  injustice,  and  making  a  practice  of  getting  into 
Sanctuary,  must  not  only  make  restitution,  but  must  abjure  the 
country,  and  renounce  the  right  of  Sanctuary  in  those  precincts.2 
Quicunqui  reus  vel  noxius  et  ecclesiam  causa  praesidii,  confugerit 
ex  quo  alrium  tenuerit,  a  nemine  insequente  nullatenus  apprehen- 
datum  nisi  per  Pontificem  aut  ministrum  ejus." 

William  I.,  in  his  4th  year,  made  express  laws  respecting 
Sanctuary.  When  he  founded  Battle  Abbey,  he  made  it  a  Sanctuary 
even  for  murderers,  and  ordained  that  "  if  the  Abbot  came  upon 
anyone  at  their  place  of  execution,  he  should  have  power  to  save 

1  Edgar  Canon,  No.  16.  -  Collier,  Vol.  I.,  p.  537. 


Sanctuary  Knockers.  135 

them."  From  this  time  the  laws  of  Sanctuary  remained  in  much 
the  same  state  till  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  when  they  were 
materially  altered,  and  restricted  by  various  acts  of  parliament, 
and  ordered  that  it  should  not  be  allowed  to  those  who  had 
escaped  from  the  hands  of  the  sheriff,  and  as  religious  houses  had 
been  dissolved,  asylum  was  now  confined  to  Cathedrals  and  parish 
Churches. 

At  first  the  altar  and  inner  buildings  of  a  Church  were  alone 
considered  as  Sanctuary,  but  soon  these  limits  were  enlarged,  and 
all  the  space  between  the  Church  and  the  outer  walls,  that  is 
the  houses  and  lodgings  of  the  abbots  and  the  monks,  and  the 
cloisters,  were  allowed  the  privilege,  and  this  extension  no  doubt 
arose  from  the  fact  that  a  refugee  had  to  eat  and  sleep  in  the 
Church  itself,  which  they  were  expressly  forbidden  to  do. 

The  space  which  was  considered  sacred,  varied  in  different 
places,  the  more  sacred  the  shrine  or  building,  the  greater  was  the 
space  allowed  around  it.  At  Beverley  a  mile  around  on  every  side 
was  safe;  at  St.  Edmondsbury  one  mile  in  the  direction  of  each 
cardinal  point,  terminating  with  a  cross,  was  the  limit.  At 
Hexham  there  were  four  crosses,  set  up  in  four  ways,  leading 
to  the  Church,  and  between  these  the  malefactor  was  safe. 

The  Welsh  appear  to  have  had  a  very  largely  extended 
Sanctuary,  and,  we  are  told,  "  that  they  allowed  all  criminals,  even 
murderers,  this  privilege,  and  that  they  were  allowed  to  take  their 
servants  and  cattle  with  them,  for  which  purpose  large  tracts  of 
pasture  land  were  assigned,  and  were  held  sacred  and  inviolable." 

Geraldus  Cambrensis  speaking  of  this  subject  in  his  own  days, 
A.D.  1146  to  1223,  says: l  "We  observe  that  they  show  a  greater 
respect  than  other  nations  to  Churches  and  ecclesiastical  persons, 
to  the  relicts  of  saints,  bells,  holy  books  and  the  cross  which 
they  devoutly  revere  ;  and  hence  their  churches  enjoy  more  than 
ordinary  tranquility.  For  peace  is  not  only  preserved  towards 
all  animals  feeding  in  churchyards,  but  at  a  great  distance  from 
them,  where  certain  boundaries  and  ditches  have  been  appointed 
by  the  bishops  in  order  to  maintain  the  security  of  Sanctuary. 

1  Bonn's  edition ;  p.  oU7a. 


136  Transactions  eor  the  Yeak  1889-90. 

But  the  principal  Churches  to  which  antiquity  has  annexed  the 
greater  reverence,  extend  their  protection  to  the  herds  as  far  as 
they  can  go  to  feed  in  the  morning  and  return  at  night." 

In  the  laws  of  Hoel  Dha,  a.d.  928,  fighting  is  forbidden  in 
churchyards  and  sanctuaries  under  heavy  fines.  For  fighting 
within  the  churchyard  £14  are  to  be  paid,  if  out  of  the  church- 
yard and  in  the  sanctuary  £7  are  to  be  paid.  This  seems  to  have 
been  the  cause  why  fairs  were  often  held  in  the  churchyard  or 
sanctuary,  as  at  such  meetings  fights  were  likely  to  take  place, 
and  the  sacredness  of  the  situation  was  more  likely  to  restrain  the 
passions  or  feelings  of  revenge. 

The  ceremonies  connected  with  the  taking  of  sanctuary  are 
recorded  with  great  minuteness  in  the  Sanctuariam  Dunelmense, 
where  they  are  thus  described — "A  man  from  Wolsingham  was 
committed  to  prison  for  theft,  and  escaping,  sought  refuge  at  the 
Cathedral  of  Durham,  having  sounded  the  Knocker  on  the  great 
door,  he  was  admitted,  and  took  his  stand  before  St.  Cuthbert's 
shrine,  the  Galilee  bell  then  sounded  to  inform  the  city  that  a 
man  had  taken  Sanctuary,  and  that  a  coroner  was  required  to 
hear  a  confession.  John  Racket,  the  Coroner  of  Chester  Ward, 
soon  arrived  to  do  this  duty,  and  having  heard  all  the  culprit  had 
to  say  in  self-defence,  he  sentenced  him  to  abjure  the  realm.  The 
sacrist,  sheriff,  under  sheriff,  and  other  officers  being  present,  the 
man  took  a  solemn  oath  that  he  would  perform  his  sentence.  He 
then  stripped  himself  of  his  clothing  to  his  shirt,  and  gave  it  to 
the  sacrist  as  his  fee,  the  clothing  was  at  once  restored  to  him, 
and  a  white  cross  put  into  his  hand,  a  black  gown,  with  a  yellow 
cross  (called  St.  Cuthbert's  Cross)  on  the  shoulder  was  put  on  him, 
and  he  was  handed  over  to  the  sheriff,  who  gave  him  in  charge 
of  the  nearest  constable,  whose  duty  it  was  to  pass  him  on  to  the 
next  in  the  direction  of  the  sea,  and  so  on,  till  he  reached  the 
shore,  where  he  was  put  on  board  a  ship,  and  for  ever  bade  fare- 
well to  his  country." 

These  ceremonies  appear  to  have  varied  in  different  places, 
for  in  some  Sanctuaries  a  man  could  go  alone  to  the  sea  if  he  carried 
in  his  hand  a  crucifix,  and  took  the  most  direct  route.     If  he  got 


Sanctuary  Knockers.  137 

to  the  port  and  failed  to  find  a  ship,  he  had  to  go  every  day  into 
the  water  up  to  his  knees  (it  does  not  say  how  long  he  was  to  stay 
there)  and  this  he  had  to  do  for  40  days,  when  no  ship  arriving, 
he  must  return  to  his  Sanctuary. 

It  appears  that,  occasionally,  the  refugee  remained  permanently 
in  his  place  of  asylum,  for  in  a  charter  of  one  of  the  Saxon  Kings 
to  Crowland  Abbey  granting  to  it  the  privilege  of  Sanctuary,  it 
expressly  declares  that  criminals  who  take  refuge  there  shall 
become  the  slaves  of  the  abbot.1 

It  was  ordered  in  most  Sanctuaries  that  the  fugitives  should 

be   guarded    by    lay    keepers,    because  the   expense    of    feeding, 

clothing,  and  watching  them  would  have  been  too  great  a  tax 

upon  the  funds  of  the  Church,  and   as  the   strictest  watch  and 

ward  had  to  be  maintained  by  night  and  day,  the  city  authorities 

were  held  responsible  for  the  personal  care  of  the  fugitives.    There 

must  have  been  considerable  danger  to  an  unarmed  community 

when  several  of  these  criminals  had  to  be  admitted  ogether,  and 

we  find,  as  early  as  the  Laws  of  Theodosius,  before  referred  to, 

a.d.  401  to  450,  it  is  especially  provided  that  all  who  claimed  the 

protection  of  Sanctuary  should  be  unarmed,  except  with  a  blunt 

knife  for  their  food,  and  they  enacted   "  that  if  any  refused  to 

lay  aside  his  arms  on  entering  the  Sanctuary,  it  should  be  lawful 

to  senl  for  a  magistrate,  and  with  the  consent  of  the  bishop,  the 

officers  might  come  armed  into  the  Church  and  take  the  refugee 

by  force,  and  if  he  chanced  to  be  killed  in  so  doing,  it  should  be 

reckoned  his  own  fault."2     This  seems  to  have  been  almost  the 

only  cause  for  which  an  armed  force  might  enter  the  Sanctuary. 

But    for    these    precautions,  a  number   of  armed  ruffians   might 

have  gained  access  to  any  Church  or  Religious  house,  and  slain 

and  pillaged  its  inmates.     (If  during  any  man's  residence  in  these 

asylums  he  did  damage,  even  of  Id.  value,  he  was  according  to  the 

Laws  of  Hoel  Dhato  leave  at  once,  and  seek  another  Sanctuary.) 

It  has  been  suggested  that  the  rooms  over  the  lofty  porches  in 
some  Churches,  were  used  by  the  men  whose  duty  it  was  to  admit 
the  fugitive,  and  that  a  light  was  kept  burning  all  night  to  guide 

I  Archaologia,  Vol.  II.,  p.  313.  -  Hoel  Dha's  Law,  a.d.  907. 


13S  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

them  to  the  refuge.  At  Durham  Cathedral  two  rooms  similarly 
situated  were  undoubtedly  used  for  this  purpose,  and  tradition 
says  that  a  light  was  placed  behind  the  Great  Knocker,  and 
shone  through  the  monster's  eyes.     A  very  improbable  story  ! 

The  violation  of  Sanctuary  appears  to  have  been  very  rare, 
and  when  it  did  occur  was  looked  upon  as  flagrant  sin.  The  few 
accounts  which  we  have,  show  what  a  commotion  it  caused,  and 
what  serious  results  arose  in  consequence.  In  early  Irish  History 
it  is  related  that  a  criminal  had  taken  Sanctuary  at  the  Abbey 
of  St.  Ruan,  or  St.  Ruadon,  (now  the  Abbey  of  Lorha,  near 
Roscrea).  From  this  place  he  was  taken,  and  dragged  to  Tara, 
the  Abbot  demanded  his  restitution,  which  King  Diarmed 
obstinately  refused,  and  finally  put  the  man  to  death.  The  enraged 
abbot,  and  a  bishop  that  was  with  him  went  in  solemn  procession 
to  Tara,  and  "  they  took  the  bells  that  they  had,  which  they  rang 
hardly,  and  cursed  the  King,  and  the  place,  and  prayed  God  that 
no  King  or  Queen  ever  after  should  or  could  dwell  in  Tara,  but 
that  it  should  be  waste  for  ever."  This  actually  occurred,  and  the 
last  assembly  of  the  tribes  took  place  in  Tara,  about  a.d.  562,1  since 
which  time  the  scene  of  festivity  and  song  has  been  silent  and 
deserted,  and  those  who  have  seen  the  bleak  desolation  of  Tara's 
halls,  can  fully  realise  the  consequence  of  the  Saints'  curse.  The 
name  of  this  monastry  commemorated  the  malediction,  as  it  was 
afterwards  known  as  the  "  Monastery  of  the  Curses  of  Ireland." 

The  Sanctuaries  of  Ireland  must  have  been  very  numerous,  if 
we  care  to  judge  by  the  following  passage,  from  the  ancient  eccle- 
siastical Law  of  Ireland. 

Sinoclus  dicit  :  Ubicunque  inveneritis  signum  crucis  Cliristi  ne 
Iceseritis. 

Locus  sanctus  no  excedet  longitudinem  et  Jatitudinem  atrii 
exterioris  laberuaidi  et  templi  Salamonis,  qua  iwleber  per  c  cubitos 
manus  virilis  in  loiujitudine  quinquaginta  cubitus. 

Hibernensis  Lib.  xliv.,  cap.  31 

Wasserachleben  H.  2nd  Edit.  Leipzig,  1685. 
1  Bingham,  Vol.  II.,  p.  580. 
Ancient  Laws  of  Ireland,  Rolls  Scries,  Vol.  II.,  p.  255. 


Sanctuary  Knockers.  139 

The  laws  go  on  to  state  that  the  Church  would  be  liable  for 
loss,  if  she  protected  fugitives,  except  under  certain  conditions  as 
to  time  and  crime. 

In  1378  two  English  knights  named  Shackle  and  Hawle  took 
Sanctuary  at  Westminster,  and  fled  to  the  Choir  just  at  the  time 
of  the  celebration  of  High  Mass  ;  the  Deacon  was  reading  the 
Gospel  of  the  day,  when  suddenly  the  clash  of  arms  was  heard,  and 
the  pursuers  regarding  neither  time  or  place  burst  in  upon  the 
Service.  One  of  the  knights  escaped  unhurt,  but  the  other  named 
Hawle  was  pierced  with  twelve  wounds,  and  sank  dead  in  front  of 
the  Prior's  stall ;  he  was  regarded  as  a  martyr  to  the  injured  rights 
of  the  abbey  and  obtained  the  unusual  honour  of  being  buried  within 
its  walls.  The  abbey  was  shut  up  for  four  months,  and  parliament 
was  suspended  lest  its  assembly  should  be  polluted  by  sitting 
within  desecrated  precincts,  and  the  whole  case  was  heard  by  the 
King  himself.  The  abbot  William  of  Colchester  pronounced  the 
the  excommunication  of  the  two  chief  assailants  and  the  payment 
by  them  of  £200  by  way  of  penance.  This  tremendous  uproar 
took  place  in  the  early  days  of  Richard  II.1 

The  Sanctuary  of  Westminster  occupied  a  very  prominent 
situation,  and  though  few  of  the  actual  buildings  remain,  a  part 
is  still  called  "  the  Broad  Sanctuary."  There  are  few  more  ro- 
mantic stories  in  English  History  than  the  one  which  relates  how 
Elizabeth  Woodville  Queen  of  Edward  IV.  with  her  three 
daughters,  her  mother  and  Lady  Scrope  came  and  knocked  at 
the  great  door  of  the  Sanctuary  of  Westminster,  and  having 
registered  themselves  as  Sanctuary  women  took  up  their  abode 
within  its  sacred  walls.  Soon  afterwards  the  Queen  gave  birth 
to  a  son,  the  future  King  of  England ;  there  was  no  one  to  tend 
the  little  Prince  but  a  nurse  who  happened  to  be  within  the 
walls,  and  he  was  baptised  by  the  sub-prior,  with  the  abbot 
as  his  godfather,  and  the  Duchess  of  Bedford  and  Lady  Scrope  as 
his  godmothers.  A  few  years  passed  away  and  the  Queen  again 
sought  the  shelter  of  the  abbey  ;  the  little  King  was  not  with  her, 
but  hoping  to  keep  her  other  son  the  Duke  of  York,  she  carried 

1  Walsingham's  Historia  Anglicana,  Vol.  II.  p,  375  et  seq. 

Master  of  the  Rolls  Series, 


140  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

him  into  the  Sanctuary.  The  Lord  Protector  however  had  deter- 
mined to  get  possession  of  the  boy,  and  not  daring  to  violate  the 
Sanctuary,  he  held  a  Council  at  which  it  was  decided  that  it  might 
be  a  protection  for  men  and  women,  but  could  not  be  so  for  children, 
as  they  could  not  commit  a  crime  for  which  it  was  required,  and 
that  he  might  take  his  nephew  from  thence  if  he  pleased,  this  he 
accordingly  did,  but  with  the  Queen's  consent. 

Sanctuaries  continued  in  full  power  till  the  Reformation,  but 
if  we  are  to  believe  contemporary  accounts  they  had  become  most 
dangerous  refuges  for  the  lawless  and  disaffected  in  all  classes  of 
society.  Speaking  of  the  terrible  state  to  which  the  Sanctuary 
of  Westminster  was  reduced  in  the  16th  century,  the  Duke  of 
Buckingham  is  said  by  Sir  Thomas  Moore  to  have  thus  described 
it.  "  There  they  build,  there  they  spend,  and  bid  their  creditors  go 
whistle  for  them.  Men's  wives  run  thither  with  their  husband's 
plate,  thieves  bring  thither  their  stolen  goods  and  live  thereon. 
Nightly  they  steal  out,  they  rob,  they  reave,  and  kill,  and  then 
come  in  again."  The  right  of  Sanctuary  in  fact  rendered  the 
whole  precinct  a  vast  cave  of  Adullum  for  all  the  distressed  and 
discontented  of  the  metropolis  who  desired,  according  to  the 
phrase  of  the  time,  to  "take  Westminster."  i  When  things  had 
come  to  such  a  state  as  this,  it  was  time  for  the  law  to  interfere, 
and  various  Acts  of  Parliament  were  passed  by  which  the  privileges 
were  lessened,  and  at  last  finally  suppressed,  21st  James  I.  A 
few  buildings  and  precincts  in  London  still  gave  shelter  to  debtors, 
but  this  also  ceased  in  1697  and  the  only  Sanctuary  which  re- 
mained in  the  Kingdom  was  the  precincts  of  the  Abbey  and  Palace 
of  Holyrood,  Edinburgh  (PI.  VIII.)  Here  until  a  short  time  ago  a 
debtor  could  still  knock  at  the  door  and  register  himself  a  Sanc- 
tuary man,  defying  his  creditors  to  arrest  him.  The  limit  of  safety 
was  a  large  one  and  included  the  whole  of  the  Queen's  road  round 
Ai'thur's  seat,  and  a  considerable  distance  in  the  other  direction. 
When  Sunday  morning  came  these  Sanctuary  men  could  go  where 
they  pleased,  and  when  night  came  they  returned  to  remain  in 
safety  for  another  week.  At  last  this  became  such  a  public  scan- 
dal that  a  law  was  passed  in  1880  to  do  away  with  the  Sanctuary 
of  Holyrood,  and  nothing  now  remains  of  the  Right  which  in 
mediaeval  time  exercised  such  a  powerful  influence  in  Christendom. 
1  Stanley's  Historical  Memorials       Westminster  Abbey,  p.  365. 


PLATE  VIII 


THE  SANCTUARY  HOLYROOD. 


"PYrilEXECUMBE."  141 


"  PYCHENECUMBE." 

Abstracts  of  Original  Documents  in  the  Registers  of  the 
Abbey  of  St.  Peter,  Gloucester. 

Communicated  by  the  Rev.  JOHN  MELLAND  HALL,  M.A. 

The  parish  of  Standish,  in  this  county,  contains  two  portions 
which  are  completely  detached  and  separated  from  its  centre  :  these 
are  Colthrop,  consisting  of  699  acres,  and  Pitchcombe  of  240  acres 
or  thereabouts.  This  latter  portion  is  distant  between  three  and 
four  miles  in  a  direct  line  from  the  parish  Church  of  Standish. 
The  mode  of  its  annexation  has  never,  so  far  as  we  are  aware, 
been  satisfactorily  explained. 

These  lands  would  appear  to  have  been  in  the  possession  of 
the  Abbey  of  St.  Peter,  Gloucester,  during  the  reign  of  Hen.  III., 
if  we  may  conclude  that  the  following  charter,  which  comes  under 
the  head  of  "Pychenecumbe,"  has  reference  thereto  :  we  think  it 
well  to  give  a  translation  of  this  charter  in  full  : — 

"  This  is  the  agreement  made  between  the  lord  John  [de  Felda] 
Abbot  and  the  Convent  of  St.  Peter  Gloucester  and  Richard 
le  Breth  of  Pichenecombe — viz — that  the  said  Abbot  and 
Convent  have  granted  and  demised  in  the  thirty  seventh  year 
of  the  reign  of  King  Henry,  son  of  King  John  (1253)  to 
Richard  of  Pichenecumbe  and  his  heirs  or  assigns,  custody  of 
the  land  with  appurtenances  which  Henry  de  Avenebury 
formerly  held  in  the  Manor  of  Stanedys  viz.,  in  Hersecumbe 
— with  the  marriage  of  the  infant  and  heir  of  the  said 
Henry,  without  disparagement :  to  have  and  to  hold  the 
custody  of  the  said  land  as  long  as  by  the  Custom  of  England, 
he  ought  to  be  under  guardianship  :  so  that  they  cause  no 
waste,  nor  destruction,  nor  deterioration  in  the  appurtenances 
of  the  same,  housebote  and  heybote  excepted.  But  if  anything 
after  the  manner  of  men  should  happen    to    the    said    heir, 


142  Transactions  for  the  Year  1S89-90. 

the  Abbot  and  Convent  have  granted  to  the  said  Richard  and 
his  heirs  custody  of  the  said  lands  and  appurtenances,  with  the 
marriage  of  another  existing  heir:  Saving  to  the  same  the 
service  which  pertains  to  the  said  land,  viz.  '  Esquieria,'  and 
suit  of  Court  at  Gloucester  and  at  Stanedys,  with  their  other 
freemen.  For  this  concession  and  surrender  Richard  has  "iven 
to  the  said  Abbot  and  Convent  Fifty  marcs  Silver  and  one 
Tierce  of  Wine.  And  the  said  Richard  and  his  heirs  shall 
observe  all  these  things  under  a  penalty  of  forfeiting  One 
hundred  shillings.  In  testimony  whereof  we  have  affixed 
our  seals  to  this  writing." 

If  we  are  correct  in  our  conjecture  that  this  grant  really 
applies  to  "  Pichenecumbe  " — although  the  reference  to  the  "  de 
Avenbury  "  family  and  Harescombe,  with  which  we  know  from 
other  sources  they  were  connected,  is  somewhat  perplexing — it 
is  suggested,  however,  that  by  the  decease  of  the  said  heirs  and  a 
subsequent  grant,  these  lands  came  absolutely  to  Richard  le  Breth  : 
in  which  case  the  fifty-five  charters  or  other  writings  so  carefully 
pi'eserved  in  the  Register  of  Abbot  Froucester  in  the  Cathedral 
Library  (abstracts  of  which  are  given  below),  shew  us  the  process 
of  their  re-acquisition  by  the  abbey,  and  their  connection  with 
Standish  as  a  portion  of  the  manors  appertaining  to  the  Almonry 
of  that  place. 

We  have  here  a  series  of  transactions  ranging  from  a.d.  1294, 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  to  a.d.  1329 — the  second  year  of  his 
grandson,  Edward  III.  In  the  first  place,  Richard  le  Bret,  of 
Pychenecumbe,  grants  to  Walter  his  son  and  Nicholla  his  wife 
all  his  tenement  there  for  the  sum  of  sixty  marcs,  which  he  has 
received  of  the  Lord  William  Maunsel,  father  of  Nicholla.  With 
the  exception  of  a  few,  the  other  charters  relate  to  the  dealings 
of  Walter  le  Bret  with  this  estate,  and  explain  the  mode  of  its 
gradual  absorption  (creditable  or  discreditable)  into  the  hands  of 
the  Abbot  and  Convent  of  St.  Peter's,  Gloucester. 

It  is  remarkable  that  very  few  of  the  names  of  fields  or  roads 
here  given  remain  to  this  clay — Piparesfiche,  Eselde,  Edytedich, 
Bitesiche,  Godeshallewelle,  Blakewelle,  Barlichforlong,  Ballynes- 
brink,    Guelde ;    among    the    roads — Portwey,    Schiringesweye, 


"PYCHENECUMBE."  143 

Amphesweye,  Micldehveye,  are  altogether  unknown  to  the  oldest 
inhabitant ;  a  tradition  of  a  maple-tree  as  a  land-mark  (see  No. 
345)  however  lingers. 

Among  the  names  of  witnesses  which  occur  in  the  series,  we 
have  those  of  Sir  Roger  le  Rous,1  Sir  John  le  Rous,2  Thos.  de 
Gardinis,  Sheriff,0  Roger  de  Tewesdebury,  Wm  de  Abbehale, 
Almoners  of  Standish  ;  John  le  Boteler,  Hen.  de  Chevringworth, 
Knt.,  Adam  Mustel  (or  Martel),  Knt.,4  Adam  the  Chaplain, 
Wm.  de  Piddesmore,  Rich,  de  Baloun,  Roger  de  Ravenhulle, 
Godfrey  de  Stonehouse,  Wm.  de  Clifford,  Ralph  Baron,  Roger 
de  Aldewyke,  Robert  de  Sudley,  Henry  cle  Basyng,  John  de 
Caillewe,  William  de  Broke  worth,  Henry  de  Brokeworth,5  Rich, 
de  Compton,  Clerk,6  John  de  Staunton,  &c. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  name  of  the  family  principally 
concerned  in  these  transactions  occurs  in  various  forms,  some 
doubtless  errors  on  the  part  of  the  abbey  scribes  :  thus  we  have 
"  Bres,"  "Breth,"  "Brut,"  "Bruht,"  used  almost  indiscriminately. 
The  origin  of  the  name  must  be  looked  for  in  the  domicile,  for 
they  appear  to  have  sprung  from  Brittany,  hence  known  as 
Bretons.  In  "Parliamentary  Writs"  we  have  Le  Bret — Le 
Brut — Le  Breton,  as  surnames  derived  from  the  same  root,  and 
often  applied  as  equivalent  to  each  other.  The  name  is  still 
common,  especially  in  Gloucestershire,  though  some  transposition 
of  letters  has  taken  place,  but  the  various  stages  are  plain,  first — 
Bret,  then  Bryt,  lastly  Birt.  This  is  evident  from  the  distin- 
guishing  name  given  to  Weston,7  in  the  Hundred  of  Longtree, 

1  Sheriff  of  Gloucester  in  1278.     Knight  of  the  Shire,  1283.     Died  1294. 

2  Knight  of  the  Shire-  Glouc.,  1314-5  ;  Hereford,  1330-43. 

3  Sheriff  of  Gloucester  in  1298  and  1303 

4  Adam  Martel  held  lands  at  Stowell,  15th  Edw.  II. 

5  Benefactor  to  Lanthony  Priory. —  Rife  Rev.  S.  E.  Bartleet's  "Manor 
and  Advowson  of  Brockworth." — Trans.,  VII.,  159. 

6  Name  occurs  as  witness  to  Brockworth  Charters. — Trans.,  VII.,  152. 

7  See  "Glouc.  Aid  for  making  Edward  the  Black  Prince  a  Knight." — 
Trans.  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Soc,  X.,  283. 

"  De  heredilms  Radulphi  de  Wylyngton  et  Thoma?  de  Bercle  pro  tercia 
parte  unius  feodi  Militis  in  Weston'  quara  heredes  Johannis  le  Bret  quon- 
dam tenuerunt  ibidem  .  .  .  marca." 


144  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

viz.,  Weston  fiirt,  which   was   held   by   Richard   le   Bret  before 
1275. 

Another  Richard  le  Bret  occurs  as  Knight  of  the  Shire 
(Hereford)  in  1290  :  in  1297  as  holding  lands  in  that  county  to 
the  amount  of  £20  yearly  :  and  in  1301  summoned  for  military 
service  against  the  Scots. 

TABLE  OF  DESCENT. 

Richard  le  Bret,=j=Eva  

"  de  Pychchecumbe." 


"I 


Walter  le  Bret=j=Nicholla,  daur.  of  Sir  William 
Maunsel,  of  Lypiatt  Manor. 1 

John  de  Caillewe, 
— I  "  nephew  of  Walter 


Thomas  "  cle  Holecombe  "=Alice.     Juliana,      le  Bret."  living  1329. 

or  "  le  Bret  " 
(dead  in  1311,  v.  No,  368) 

These  charters  also  furnish  an  interesting  example  of  the 
origin  of  the  surname  "  Benet,"  namely  from  "  Benedict,"  com- 
pare No.  358-60  with  No.  361. 

"PYCHENECUMBE." 

Carta  Piici  le  Bres  de  Vijclienecumhe.     335,  fol.  141. 

Rich,  le  Bres  (Bret),  of  Pychenecumbe,  grants  to  Walter  his  son, 
and  Nicholla  his  wife,  all  the  tenement  which  he  has  in 
Pychenecumbe  with  its  appurtenances,  for  60  marcs,  which  he 
has  received  of  the  lord  William  Maunsel,  father  of  Nicholla, 
as  her  marriage  portion,  for  ever,  rendering  due  service  to 
him  and  his  heirs  and  one  rose  yearly  at  the  Feast  of  the 
Nativity  of  St.  John  the  Baptist.  Witnesses :  Thomas  de 
Rodeberwe,  John  Achord  and  others. 

1  Cf.  Inq.  p.  m.  18th  Edw.  II.  No.  William  Maunsell,  Lupeyate 

Maner'  Extent'  Byssleye  un'  Vivarium,  6  acr'  terr'  3  acr'  bosci'. 

Rudge  states  (Vol.  I.,  p.  327)  that  Upper  Lypatt  was  held  of  the  Honour 
of  Hereford,  and  anciently  by  the  Maunsells  until  19th  Richard  II.,  then  for 
several  generations  by  the  family  of  Wye,  whom  Leland  mentions  as  residing 
there  :  afterwards,  James  I.,  held  by  the  Throgmortons. 


"Pychenecombe."  145 

Cheirograph'.  Walt  le  Bret.  336,  fol. 
Walter  le  Bret,  son  of  Rich,  le  Bret,  of  Pychenecumbe,  with  the 
consent  of  Nicholla  his  wife,  grants  to  Robt.  le  Knyte,  Agnes 
his  wife,  and  John  and  Walter  their  sons,  Two  Messuages 
and  Two  Curtilages,  with  one  garden  and  its  appurtenances 
in  Pychenecumbe,  of  which  Eva  le  Bret  held  in  dower  One 
Messuage  and  One  Curtilage,  which  John  Segrim1  had,  and 
Two  acres  of  arable  land  in  the  same  ville  with  appurten- 
ances, of  which  one  acre  extends  from  the  land  of  John  Dru 
as  far  as  the  said  Garden,  one  Acre  lies  below  Ballvynes- 
brynk,  and  the  other  in  Barlichforlange,  adjoining  the  land 
of  Matilda  Baunse.  To  be  held  at  an  annual  rent  of  Six- 
pence at  the  Feast  of  the  Nativity  of  St.  John  the  Baptist ; 
for  which  Robert  and  Agnes  have  given  him  twenty-five 
shillings. 

In  testimony  of  which  to  the  present  writing  in  two    portions, 

we  have  affixed  our    seals.     Witnesses:  Roger  de  Ai , 

W1U  de  Redin,  John  de  Rodeberwe  and  others. 

Carta  Walt,  de  Bret  ad  Wm.  Ythenard.  337,  fol. 
Walter  le  Bret,  of  Pychenecumbe,  grants  to  William  Ythenard 
and  Emma  his  wife,  all  his  croft  adjoining  that  of  Matilda 
ate  Henefeld  for  half  a  mark  of  silver  which  they  have  paid 
to  him.  This  croft,  with  all  appurtenances  they  may  give, 
devise,  sell,  or  assign  at  their  will,  rendering  to  him  and 
his  heirs  Two  shillings  yearly  ;  and  vjB  iva  at  the  Feast  of 
Saint  Andrew  ;  vj8  ivd  at  the  Feast  of  the  Annunciation  : 
yjs  ivd  at  the  Feast  of  Saint  John  the  Baptist,  for  all  services. 
The  said  William  and  Emma  to  have  their  plough  cattle  with 
twenty  sheep,  in  the  common  pasture. 

Witnesses  :  Sir  Roger   le   Rus,  Knight,-   Henry   Ythenard, 
and  others. 
1  "  Segrim,"  an  old  Saxon  name,  still  survives  as  a  designation  of  houses 
in  the  adjoining  Parish  of  Painswick.    John  and  Alice  Segrym  paid  subsidy 
there  in  1327  (1st  Edw.  III.) 

-  The  date  of  this  cannot  be  later  than  1294  (22nd  Edward  I.),  in  which 
year  Sir  Roger  le  Rous,  lord  of  Harescombe,  died, 

Vol.  XIV.  l 


146  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

338. 
Walter  le  Bret  of  Pychenecumbe  grants  to  William  de  Baloun,  for 
twenty  shillings  silver,  Two  shillings  of  annual  rent  issuing 
from  a  certain  tenement  which  William  Ythenard  and  Emma 
his  wife  hold  of  him  for  the  term  of  their  life. 

Witnesses  :  Adam  Spylemon,  Stephen  Massyndon  and  others. 

339. 

Walter  le  Bret  gives  to  John  de  Yaneworth  for  his  services  all 
his  wood  which  lies  between  the  road  which  leads  to  Wayn- 
swey  on  the  north  and  Stoneywey  on  the  south,  and  which 
extends  to  Middlewey  on  the  east,  and  the  way  which  is 
called  Portwey  on  the  west ;  to  hold  to  the  said  John  during 
life,  to  cut  as  he  will,  to  sell  or  give,  without  waste,  rendering 
One  Rose  at  the  Feast  of  the  Nativity  of  St.  John  the 
Baptist,  for  all  services  and  secular  demands. 

Witnesses  :  Simon  de  Fromylode,  Roger  de  Ravenhulle,  and 
others.  Given  at  Pychenecumbe  on  the  Feast  of  St.  Clement 
the  Martyr,  in  the  25th  year  of  King  Edward,  son  of  Henry 
King  of  England  [1297]. 

340. 

Walter  le  Bret  grants  to  William  de  Balon  (de  Baloniis),  for 
twenty  five  marcs,  all  that  his  land  lying  between  Culture- 
hulle  and  Godschalneswelle  in  breadth,  with  the  pasture,  and 
Edytedich,  and  the  Pasture  which  is  called  Oxeleswe  with 
appurtenances  ;  and  the  whole  land  lying  between  Pypares- 
croft  and  the  said  pasture  in  length,  and  Holdesichwere  and 
Maynardesendyng  in  breadth,  and  all  that  toft  between 
Catweye  and  Schynngeswey,  and  between  Portwey,  .... 
and  Four  Groves,  which  are  called  Odgrove. 

Witnesses  :  John  de  Gloucester,  Adam  Spylemon,  and  others. 
Given  at  Pychenecumbe,  on  the  morrow  of  Saint  Laurence 
the  Martyr,  in  the  29th  year  of  King  Edward,  son  of  King 
Henry  (1301). 


1 '  Pychenecumbe.  "  1 47 

341. 

Walter  le  Bret  grants  to  William  de  Baloun,  for  one  hundred 

shillings,  which  he  has  received  of  him,  One  Messuage  with 

curtilage  and  appurtenances,  and  all  the  land  which  Thomas 

de  Holecumbe  his  son  formerly  held  in  Pychenecumbe,   to 

have  and  to  hold  of  the  chief  lords  of  that  fee  by  due  service 

and  in  manner  accustomed  (Sealed). 

Witnesses  :  Adam  the   Chaplain,  Stephen   de  Masynton   de 

Pychenecumbe,  Tuesday  next  after  the  Feast  of  Easter,  20th 

Edw.  I.  (1302). 

342. 

Walter  le  Bret  grants  to  William  de  Baloun,  his  heirs  and  assigns 

for  ever,  all  that  pasture   called    Combe  lying  between    le 

Wingforlong   and   Godeshallewelle   with   the  pasture  called 

Oxeleswe,  for  which  concession  he  has  received  One  hundred 

shillings. 

Witnesses  :    Adam    Spilemon,  Thomas  de   Rodeberwe,  &c, 

Pychenecumbe,  Thursday  next  before  the  Feast  of  St.  John 

the  Baptist  (1302). 

343. 

Walter  le  Bret  de  Pychenecumbe  gives  to  William  de  Baloun, 
for  Twelve  pounds  sterling  all  his  land  lying  in  Piparescrofte, 
and  between  his  Garden  and  a  certain  place  called  Fiswere, 
and  all  his  land  in  the  field  called  Combe  between  Colishulle 

and  Taylesoline  in  breadth  and  between and  Bitesiche 

in  length,  with  hedges  and  appurtenances. 
Witnesses :    Will,   de   Piddesmore,   Nich.   de  Seymour,   <fcc , 
Pychenecumbe,  Monday  next  before  the  Feast  of  the  An- 
nunciation of  B.V.M.,  30  Edw.  I.  (1302). 

344. 
William  de  Baloun  "  de  Algriniton "  l  has  remitted  and  quit- 
claimed to  Gilbert  de  Masynton,  for  one  hundred  shillings 
Silver,  all  his  right  in  his  lands  and  tenements  in  Pychene- 
cumbe with  all  appurtenances,  and  Two  shillings  of  annual 
rent  issuing  from  the  tenement  which  William  Ythenard  and 
Emma  his  wife  hold  in  Pychenecumbe  for  the  term  of  their 
lives,  with  the  reversion  of  the  same. 
1  Algriniton,  now  Alkerton,  in  the  parish  of  Eastington. 


148  Transactions  kor  the  Year  1S89-90. 

Witnesses  :  Stephen  de  Masynton,  Rich,  de  Baloun,  &c. 
Dated  Gloucester,  on  Tuesday  the  morrow  of  the  Feast  of 
St.  John    "ante  Portam    Latinam  "  in    31st   year  of  King 
Edward,  son  of  King  Henry  (1303). 

345. 
Walter  le  Bret  gives  to  John  "  dicto  de  Stanedis,"  for  Twenty 
marcs  Silver,  all  his  Toft  lying  between  Stonewey  and  the 
stream  called  Pychenescombesbroc,  and  between  Middleweye 
and  the  land  of  Hamon  "  atte  Guelde,"  with  all  the  pasture 
adjacent,  and  appurtenances  :  also,  the  arable  land  stretching 
from  Pychenescombeshevede  to  Pychenescombesyate  between 
the  said  toft  and  the  brook,  with  all  that  pasture  called  the 
Moor,  and  all  that  land  extending  to  the  said  stream  and 
lying  between  Longeleys,  Nether  End,  and  a  certain  tree 
called  "  La  Mapele,"1  in  the  field  called  Pichenecombesfeld 
and  "culturam  meam,"  with  all  appurtenances  in  the  field 
called  Brintesbarlichsforlong. 

Witnesses  :  Roger  de  Ravenhulle,  Steph  de  Masynton,  God- 
frey de  Stonehouse,  &c. 

Given  at  Pychenecumbe  in  the  Octave  of  St.  Mathew  the 
Apostle,  25th  year  Edw.  I.  (1297). 

34G. 
Walter  le  Bret  confirms  to  John  de  Stanedis,  Clerk,  for  Twelve 
pounds  Silver  all  his  land  lying  in  the  field  called  Geuelde 
with  a  meadow  adjacent,  and  a  Grove  called  Medesweyne, 
with  all  appurtenances. 

Given  at  Pychenecumbe  on  the  Morrow  of  the  Beheading  of 
St.  John  Baptist  in  the  25th  year  of  King  Edward  the  son 
of  King  Henry  (1297). 

347. 
Walter  de   Bret    gives    to    John   called    "  de   Stanedis "    Clerk, 
for  Ten  marcs  Silver,  all  his  land  lying  between  Pychenes- 
combeshevede  and  Pychenescombesyate   in  length,  and   the 

1  Subsidy  Roll,  1327,  "John  atte  Mapele"  vjd,  Minchinhampton.  Also 
iu  Hants,  "  Mapuldur-ham  "  =  the  ham  at  the  Maple  Tree. —Trans.  Bristol 
and  Glouc.  Arch.  Soc,  Vol.  VIII.,  p.  50. 


"pYCHEKEtJMBE."  149 

stream  called  Pychenescombesbroc  in  breadth,  -with  portions 
extending  above  the  said  stream  and  with  the  Moors,  pasture, 
itc.,  and  all  his  Toft  between  Portwey,  Middelweye  in  length, 
and  the  way  called  Waynwey  and  the  way  leading  to  Pagen- 
hulle  in  breadth  for  ever,  rendering  thence  the  capital  rent 
to  the  lords  of  fee  with  all  services  and  secular  demands. 
Witnesses  :  Stephen  de  Masynton,  Henr.Ydenard  and  others. 

348 
Walter  le  Bret  grants  to  John  de  Stanedis,  for  £10  Silver  paid  to 
him,  all  his  land  lying  in  the  field  of  Pychenecombe  between 
the    messuage    of   John   atte   Guelde  and    the    place   called 
Stourokul. 
Witnesses:  Roger  de  Ravenhulle,  Godfrey  de  Stonehouse,  &c. 

349. 
The  same  gives  to  John  called  "de  Stanedis"  Cleric,  for  one 
hundred  shillings  Silver,  "  cameram  meam  ultra  portam 
meam  orientalem  et  stabulum  meum  juxta  p'dictam  portam," 
also  two  granges  in  the  Court,  all  his  pasture  between 
the  gate  aforesaid  and  Taylesthine  in  length  and  the  said 
Granges  and  the  way  called  Ampheysweye  in  width  with  a 
garden  in  the  same  pasture,  also  free  pasture  with  all  his 
cattle  in  the  field  called  Combe  and  in  Oxeleswe,  and  in  the 
Toft  wherever  his  plough  cattle  may  happen  to  be,  with  free 
ingress  and  egress  as  regards  all  pastures,  stable,  granges, 
court,  &c. 

Witness  :  Adam   Spylemon,  Roger  de  Ravenhulle,  Steph.  de 
Masynton  and  others.    (No  date.) 

350. 
The  same  quitclaims  to.  John  de  Stanedis  all  his  right  in  land 
lying  near  Pitchcoinbes'  Head  and  Pitcheombes'  Gate,  and 
between  the  Toft  and  Brook  ;  and  the  Toft  between  Portwey, 
Middleweye,  Waynweye,  and  the  toft  of  Pagenhulle,  with  all 
appurtenances. 

Witnesses  :  Steph.  de  Masynton,  Henry  Ythcnarcl. 
Given  at  Stanedis,  Feast  of  St,  Andrew,  30  Edw,  1.  (1302), 


150  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

351. 

The  same  grants  to  John  cle  Stanedis  for  One  hundred  shillings 
silver  all  his  wood  between  Schiringesweye  and  Maynardes 
Grove  in  breadth  and  between  La  Romidegne  and  a  certain 
place  called  Leodo  in  length,  and  also  all  his  wood  between 
Catweye  and  Tayleseline  in  breadth,  and  the  Stonewey  and 
field  called  Combe. 

Witnesses  :  Stephen  de  Masynton,  Will  de  Pyddesmore,  &c, 
Pychenecumbe,  Wednesday  next  before  Feast  of  SS.  Peter 
and  Paul,  30  Edw.  I.  (1302). 

353. 
Walter  le  Bret  gives  to  John  de  Stanedis  for  one  hundred  shil- 
lings silver  all  his  wood  between  Massieshale  and  the  Well 
called  Godeshalneswelle,  and  the  way  called  Portwey,  and  a 
certain  place  called  Otegrove  in  breadth,  extending  in  length 
from  the  said  Well  as  far  as  a  certain  way  called  Schirenges- 
weye  and  the  said  Wood. 
Witnesses  :  Roger  de  Ravenhulle,  Godfrey  de  Stonehouse,  &c. 

354. 
Walter  le  Bret  de  Pychenecumbe  grants  to  John  called  'de  Stane- 
dis,' clerk,  for  £10  Silver  all  his  land  lying  between  Godeshal- 
neswelle and  Blakewell  in  breadth,  and  between  Editedich  and 

Oxeleswe  in  length  with and  all  appurtenances  :    And 

all  his  land  lying  between  Piparescrofte  and  the  aforesaid 
pasture  in  length  and  Okie  fischwere  and  Maynardestudyns  in 
breadth,  and  also  all  the  wood  between  Catweye  and  Schiring- 
esweye in  length,  and  Portwey  and  the  field  called  Combe  in 
breadth  with  all  appurtenances,  And  Four  Groves  called  Od- 
groves. 
Witnesses  :  Adam  Spilemon,  Roger  de  Ravenhulle  and  others. 

355. 
Walter  le  Bret  gives  to  same  for  £10  Silver  his  land  lying  in  the 

field  called  Combe  between and  Blakewelle  in 

breadth,  and  Barlichforlong  and  Okie  Fischeswere,  in  length, 
with  pasture  and  all  appurtenances  :   And,  all  his  Arable  land 


"  Pychenecumbe."  151 

lying  between  Oxeleswe  pasture  and  Waynweye  near  Godes- 
halneswelle,  and  all  his  wood  between  Catweye  and  Taylesoline. 
Witnesses  :  Roger  de  Ravenhulle,  Stephen  de  Masynton. 

355  (ii.) 
Walter  le  Bret  de  Pychenecombe  remits  and  quitclaims  for  self 
and  heirs  all  right  in  lands  and  tenements  with  appurtenances 
in  Pychenecumbe  in  which  John  de  Stanedis  by  divers  char- 
ters has  been  enfeoffed. 

Witnesses  :  Will,  de  Clifford,  Stephen  de  Masynton  and  others. 
Pychenecumbe,  Friday  next  before  the  Feast  of  Easter,  33 

Edw.  I.  (1305.) 

356. 

John  de  Stanedis  remits  and  quitclaims  to  Gilbert  de  Masynton 

all  the  right  which  he  had  in  all  lands  and  tenements  with 

woods  meadows  pastures  and  appurtenances  in  Pychenecumbe 

by  the  grant  of  Walter  le  Bret  by  means  of  various  conditional 

writings. 

Witnesses  :  Adam  Spilemon,  Stephen  de  Masynton  and  others. 

Dated  on  the  Lord's  Day  in  the  Octave  of  the  Holy  Trinity, 

31  Edw.  son  of  King  Henry  (1303). 

357. 
John  de  Stanedis  cleric  remits  and  quitclaims  to  the  lord  John 
Abbot  and  the  Convent  of   St.    Peter,   Gloucester,  and  their 
successors,  all  his  right  in  lands  tenements  &c.  in  Pychene- 
cumbe. 

Witnesses  :  Adam  Spilemon,  Stephen  de  Masynton.  Dated 
on  the  Morrow  of  the  Feast  of  the  Apostles  Peter  and  Paul, 

31  Edw.  1.  (1303.) 

358. 

Walter  le    Brut  (sic)  and  Nicholla  his  wife  grant  to   Benedict 

de  Holtleye  and  his  heirs  for  £3  of  lawful  money  Six  acres  of 

land  with  appurtenances,  viz.  three  acres  lying  "  in  the  field 

called  Pychenecumbe  "  and  three  acres  called  Guelde.   To  hold 

of  the  said  Walter  and  his  heirs,  rendering  to  the  said  Walter 

and  Nicholla  and  their  heirs,  One  Rose  at  the  Feast  of  the 

Nativity  of  St.  John  Baptist,  and  that  rose  at  the  house  of  the 

said  Benedict. 


152  Transactions  for  thj;  Year  1889-90. 

Witnesses  :  Henry  Ythenard,  Will Will,  de  Pyddes- 

more  and  others. 

359. 
Walter  de  Brut  and  Nicholla  his  wife  grant  to  Benedict  de  Holt- 
leye  and  his  heirs,  for  Four  Marcs  of  lawful  money  paid  to 
them,  Four  Acres  in  Pychenecumbe  Field  near  Gueldesacre 
extending  to  Pychenecumbe  Broc,  and  Two  Acres  and  a  half 
in  the  Field  called  Gueld  with  all  appurtenances  between  the 
Mill  and  Onesdescrofte,  rendering  One  Rose  (as  above.) 

Witnesses:  Ythenard  (sic)  Will.   Hind,  Will,   de  8a  e, 

and  others. 

360. 

Agreement  made  between  Walter  le  Bret  and  Nicholla  his  wife 
of  the  first  part,  and  Benedict  de  Holtleye  of  the  second 
part :  Walter  and  Nicholla  confirm  to  Benedict  for  Eight 
mai*cs  of  lawful  money  Ten  acres  Arable  mentioned  in 
Charter  and  Feoffment  formerly  given  for  Sixty  shillings 
[No.  358],  and  for  Four  Acres,  four  marcs,  and  Ten  acres 
Eight  marcs  and  a  half,  tfcc. ,  &c. 
Witnesses  :  Henry  Ythenard,  William  Hind,  and  others. 

361. 
William  Benet  son  and  heir  of  Benedict  de  Holtleye  remits  and 
quitclaims  to  Gilbert  Masynton   and  his  heirs  all  his  right 
in  lands  &c.  in  Pychenecumbe. 

Witnesses  :  Adam  Spileman,  Steph.  de  Masynton,  etc. 
Dated  Feast  of  St.  Barnabas  Apostle  31  Edw.  1.  (1303). 

362. 
The  same  remits  and  quitclaims  to  the  Abbot  and  Convent  of 
Gloucester  and  their  successors,  his  right  in  lands  and  tene- 
ments in  Pychenecumbe. 

Witnesses  :  Adam  Spilemon,  Steph.  de  Masynton  and  many 
others.     In  Octave  of  St.  Barnabas  Ap.  31  Edw.  I. 

363. 
Juliana,  daughter  of  Walter  le   Bret,  of  Pychenecumbe,   remits 
and  quitclaims  to  John  [Carnage]  Abbot  of  the  Convent  of 


"  PvCHENECOMBE."  153 

St.  Peter   of  Gloucester  &c.  for   one  hundred  shillings  silver 

paid  to  her,  all  her  right  ifcc.  in  lands  and  tenements  which 

the  said   Walter  her   father  had  in  villd  de  Ptjchenecumbe. 

(Seals). 

Witnesses  :  Adam  Spilemon,  Ralph  Baron,  Roger  de  Raven- 

hulle  and  others. 

364. 

Juliana  daughter  of  Walter  "  called  le  Bret  de  Pychenecumbc  " 
quitclaims  to  John  the  Abbot  and  the  Convent  &c.  for  one 
hundred  shillings  Silver  all  her  right  in  lands  which  her 
father  had  in  Pychenecunibe. 

Witnesses  :  Thomas  de  Rodberwe,  Roger  de  Aldewykc. 
Standish,  the  Lord's  Day  in  the  Vigil  of  the  Epiphany  of  Our 
Lord,  A0  Edw.  32  (1304). 

365. 

Walter  le  Bret  gives  to  Thomas  de  Holcombe  his  son  for  his 
service,  and  for  Five  marcs,  a  Messuage  with  Curtilage  which 
Robt  Hynder  formerly  held  of  his  ancestors  in  Pychenecumbc. 
Has  given  to  the  said  Thomas  all  his  land  in  Bishopesendyng 
extending  from  "  la  prestres  acre  "  [Query,  the  Priest's  acre] l 
to  the  curtilage  ;  and  Two  acres  Arable  lying  outside  Pipares- 
fiche,  and  Two  acres  and  a  half,  one  of  which  lies  in  Esclcle 
under  Balldynesbrynk,  and  the  other  at  Pychenecumbc 
under  Braddegrove  and  is  called  Shiplondheved. 

Witnesses  :  John  le  Rous,  Adam  Spilemon  and  others. 

366. 

Thomas  le  Bret  quitclaims  to  John  called  "  de  Stanedis  "  cleric, 
for  Sixty  shillings  silver  sterling,  all  the  right  that  he  has  in 
a  messuage  of  the  gift  of  his  father,  and  in  land  "  in  the  field 
of  Byshopesendyng,"  Pychenecumbe's  felde  and  Efelde  &c. 

Witnesses  :  Steph.  de  Masynton,  Wm.  de  Pyddesmore. 

1  Probably  a  portion  of  the  ancient  Glebe  belonging  to  the  Church  of 
Pitchcombe,  lying  near  the  field  called  Lower  Witcombe,  behind  the  Great 
House  ;  and  lately  exchanged  for  other  land  (1878). 


154  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

367. 

Thomas  le  Bret  son  of  Walter  le  Bret  grants  to  John  de  Stanedis, 
for  Sixty  shillings  sterling,  one  messuage  &c.  and  lands  as 
above  ("  Gefelde  "  for  "  Efelde.") 

Witnesses  :  Walter  le  Bret,  Steph.  de  Masynton,  Will,  de 
Pyddesmore  and  others. 

368. 

Alicia  "  who  was  the  wife  of  Thos.  le  Bret "  in  pure  and  lawful 
widowhood  and  power  remits  and  quitclaims  to  John  [Thoky] 
by  Divine  Permission,  Abbot  of  St.  Peter's  Gloucester  and 
the  Convent  of  the  same  and  their  successors  for  Twenty 
shillings  Silver,  all  her  right,  by  reason  of  dower,  in  lands  in 
Pychenecumbe  formerly  appertaining  to  Thomas  le  Bret  her 
husband. 

Witnesses  :  Will,  de  Clifford,  Steph.  de  Masynton  and  others. 
Given  at  Standish  on  the  Saturday  next  before  the  Feast  of 
the  Conversion  of  St.  Paul,  in  the  fourth  year  of  Edward,  son 
of  King  Edward  [1311], 

369. 
John  de  Caillewe  quitclaims  to  "  the  religious  men  "  and  the 
Convent  of  St  Peter  Gloucester  his  right  in  all  those  lands 
and  tenements  which  Walter  le  Bret  his  uncle  formerly  held 
in  Pychenecumbe, — Messuages,  Gardens,  lands  arable,  pas- 
tures, meadows,  <kc. 

Witnesses  :  Will,  de  Brokeworth,  Henry  de  Brokeworth  and 
others. 

Stanedis,  Monday  next  after  the  Feast  of  St.  Dionysius  the 
Martyr,  2  Edw.  III.  (1329). 

370. 
William  le  Brut  (sic)  acknowledges  himself  indebted  to  John  of 
Yaneworth,  Cleric,  by  a  letter  of  obligation  given  the  23rd 
year  of  King  Edward  soil  of  King  Henry,  for  Fifteen  pounds 
Silver  to  be  paid  at  a  certain  term  to  the  said  John,  as 
Attorney  for  the  Church  of  Stanedis  :  rendering  at  the  Feast 
of  St.  Martin,  Two  quarters  Wheat,  Four  quarters  Beans, 
Four  quarters  Barley,  Two  quarters  Oats  ;  and  at  the  Feast 


"  PiCHENECOMBE."  155 

of  St.  Michael,  Six  oxen  of  the  value  of  40s.  or  40s. — and  at 
the  Feast  of  the  Annunciation  B.M.V.  Six  oxen  of  the 
value  of  60s.,  or  60s.,  &c,  &c. 

371. 
Walter  le  Bret  is  indebted  to  John  Stanedis  in  the  sum  of  £10 
sterling,  as  appears  by  the  acknowledgment  of  the  said  Walter 
made  at  Bristol  before  the  judges  of  the  Lord  the  King  in 
24  Edward  I.  To  be  paid  by  instalments  :  viz.,  40s.  at  the 
Manor  of  Stanedis  at  the  Feast  of  the  Annunciation,  40s.  at 
Feast  of  the  Nativity  of  St.  John  &c. 

372. 

Octave  of  St,  Matthew  the  Apostle  25  Edw.  I.     Walter  le  Bret 
acknowledges  £20  received  from  John  de  Stanedis  on  security 
of  lands,  woods,  &c.  £10  to  be  repaid  on  Feast  of  St.  Michael, 
and  the  balance  within  a  fortnight  after  the  said  Feast. 
Dated  at  Pychenecumbe,  the  eve  of  the  Nativity  of  B.M.V. 

373. 

Walter  le  Brut  has  granted  to  John  de  Stanedis  for  £10  certain 

lands    in    Colnurhulle    and    Godeshalneswelle    (in    margin, 

Oxeleswe  and  Piparesfiche). 

Pychenecumbe,  Tuesday,   Vigil  of  Purification,  27  Edw.  I. 

T1297]. 

374. 

Walter  le  Brut  having  granted  to  John  de  Stanedis  lands  lying 

between  Colnurhulle  and  Blakewelle  in  Pychenecumbe  Field 

with  pastures  <kc.  and  Arable  land  between  the  pasture  called 

Oxeleswe    and    Waynway  near    Godeshalneswelle    and    also 

woods  between  Catweye  and  Taylesclyve  ;  John  de  Stanedis 

of  his  special  grace  concedes  that  if  said  Walter  on  the  Day 

of  the  Assumption  of  B.M.V.  or next  after  completion 

of  these  presents,  pay  to  him  or  his  heirs  in  the  Cemetery  of 

St.  Nicholas    of    Standish,  Twelve   marcs    sterling,  all    the 

said  tenements  shall  remain  to  the  use  of  the  said  Walter  &c. 

Pychenecumbe,  Monday  next  before  the  Feast  of  St.  George. 

28  Edw.  [1300]. 


156  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

375. 
William  de  Baloun  "  de  Algerinthon  "  quitclaims  to  the  Abbot  <kc. 
all  right  in  lands  tenements  &c.  formerly  held  by  him  in  the 
said  Ville. 

Witnesses  :   Adam  Spilemon,   Steph.  de  Masynton.     Octave 
of  SS.  Peter  and  Paul  Ap.  31  Edw.  I.  [1303]. 

376. 

Walter  le  Bret  appoints  John  called  'de  Stanedis'  his  attorney  to 

give  seisin  of  all  lands  ifcc.  which  he  formerly  held  in  Pychene- 

cumbe    to  Gilbert  de  Masynton.     Gloucester,   Feast  of  St. 

31  Edw. 

377. 

Same  grants  to  Gilbert  de  Masynton  for  £50  silver  all  his  land 

lying  in  the  Field  called  Combe  and  between  Combesbrok  and 

Maynardesendyng  and  Byshopesrudyng,  and  Wood  between 

Schiringesweye  and  Catweye    in   length    and    Pomvey    and 

"Combe"    in    breadth;    four  groves    called   Odgroves,   and 

Oxeleswe    pasture,   with    appurtenances ;    Also    a  messuage 

with    curtilage,    and    all    the    land    which    Thomas    his   son 

formerly   held,   and  two    shillings  of  rent    issuing  from    the 

tenement  which  Wm.  Ythenard  and  Emma  his  wife  held  for 

the  term  of  their  life,  with  reversion  of  same. 

Witnesses  :    Adam    Spilemon,    Thomas   de    Rodeberwe    and 

others.     Pychenecumbe,  Friday,  the  morrow  of  the  Feast  of 

St.  Luke  the  Evangelist  30  Edw.  I. 

378. 
Walter  le  Bret  grants  to  Gilbert  de  Masynton  for  100s.  silver  all 
his  lands   and  tenements  in  Pychenecumbe  with  all  appur- 
tances  saving  his  Manse  (Manor  House)  and  his  garden. 
Witnesses  :  Wm.  de  Clifford,  Steph.  de  Masynton.    Pychene- 
cumbe, Wednesday  next  befurc  the  Feast  of  St.  George  the 

Martyr  31  Edw.  1. 

379. 

The  same  quitclaims  to  same  all  lands  &c. 

Witnesses  :  Wm.  de  Clifford,  Steph.  de  Masynton.     Pychene- 
cumbe Friday  next  before  the  Feast  of  Easter  31  Edw.  1. 


"Pychenecumbe."  157 

380. 
Walter  le  Bret  grants  to  Gilbert  cle  Masynton  his  messuage  and 
garden  in   Pychenecumbe    and    all    other   tenements  which 
remained  to  him  in  the  same  ville  at  the  completion  of  these 
presents. 

Witnesses :  Adam  Spilemon,  Steph.  de  Masynton. 
Dated  Monday   the    morrow    after  the    Feast  of   the   Holy 

Trinity. 

381. 

Agreement  by  John,  Abbot  of  St.  Peter's,  Gloucester,  for  one 
marc  silvei',  to  be  paid  at  Feasts  of  the  Annunciation  and 
St.  Michael,  in  commutation  of  services  due  in  connexion 
with  Tenement  at  Pychenecumbe  which  Richard  le  Bret  and 
his  ancestors  held  of  the  said  Monastery  :  Esquieriam  nomine 
serjancii,  viz.,  cum  aliqids  monachns  cccVie  n're  j)ro  negotiis... 
cum  uno  runcino,  &C."1 

Witnesses  :    Sir    Henry   de  Cheveringworth,  Adam  Mastel, 
Knights,  Rich,  de  Oompton,  Clerk,  and  many  others. 

382. 

John  cle  Elbeston,  on  the  Feast  of  St.  Luke  Evang.  16  Edw.  II. 
in  the  presence  of  Abbot  John,  John  de  Staunton,  John  de 
Boteler,  Wm.  de  Brocworth.  Hen.  de  Basyng,  John  de  Stan- 
dish  and  others,  received  from  Sir  William  cle  Abbehale, 
Almoner  of  St.  Peter's,  Four  Charters  and  two  quitclaims  of 
the  muniments  of  Pychenecumbe,  with  the  Charter  of  the 
lord  the  King  concerning  the  said  Tenements.     Gloucester. 

383. 

King's  Writ  addressed  to  Sheriff  of  Gloucestershire  to  make 
Inquisition  if  it  would  be  to  the  injury  of  the  King  to  grant 
permission  to  Gilbert  cle  Masynton  to  assign  a  Messuage  and 
Carucate  of  land  with  appurtenances  in  Pychenecumbe  to 
the  Abbot  and  Convent  of  St.  Peter's,  Gloucester.  31  Edw. 
(1304]. 

1  When  lands  were  held  by  this  service,  the  tenant  was  required  to  find 
a  squire  and  horse  to  follow  any  monk  dispatched  on  the  business  of  the 
monastery  on  his  journey,  to  serve  him  and  to  carry  upon  his  own  horse  the 
furniture  of  the  monk's  bed,  also  a  book,  cresset,  candles,  two  loaves,  and 
half  a  sextary  of  wine^or  beer.—  Hist,  et  Cart.  Mon.  St.  Peter,  Gloitc.,  Vol.  III. 
p.  civ. 


158  TRANSACTIONS    FOR  THE   YEAR   1888-9. 

384. 

Inquisition  taken  at  Gloucester  on  the  Sunday  next  before  the 
Feast  of  St.  Valentine  31  Edw.,  before  Thomas  de  Gardinis, 
Sheriff  of  Gloucester,  Robert  Mort  de  freyt,  Robert  de  Suclley 
and  others,  who  say  that  it  would  not  be  to  the  King's 
prejudice  to  permit  Gilbert  de  Masynton  to  assign  the  said 
Messuage  and  Carucate  to  the  said  Abbot  and  Convent :  that 
the  messuage  is  held  of  the  abbot  by  a  rent  of  17s.  4d. 
and  suit  at  the  Court  every  three  weeks  :  that  there  remain 
to  the  said  Gilbert  (besides  this  assignment)  lands  and  tene- 
ments to  do  custom  and  service  and  to  meet  other  charges, 
as  in  suits,  vigils,  views,  views  of  frankpledge,  talliages,  fines, 
redemptions,  amerciaments  and  whatsoever  other  charges  had 
to  be  sustained  :  and  that  the  said  Gilbert  may  be  put  on 
assize  and  juries,  as  before  he  has  been  put  and  that  the  land 
shall  not  be  aggrieved  more  than  has  been  usual. 

Another  inquisition  taken  at  Gloucester  on  Sunday  Nov  25, 
Feast  of  St.  Katharine,  finds  that  Walter  le  Bret  holds  in 
the  ville  of  Pychenecumbe  a  Carucate  of  land  of  the  Abbot — 
a  Messuage  with  garden,  worth  yearly  xiid  ;  in  demesne  80 
acres  arable,  each  acre  worth  four  pence  by  the  year,  sum 
26s  8d ;  a  certain  pasture  in  severalty,  xijd  :  eight  acres 
Wood,  iijd,  sum  2s  :  Total  of  Extent,  xxxs  viijd.  For  which 
the  said  Walter  renders  xvijs  iijd  to  the  Abbot :  and  that  it 
will  not  be  to  the  prejudice  of  the  lord  the  King  to  permit 
Walter  le  Bret  to  give  and  assign  the  said  lands  and  tene- 
ments to  the  Abbot  and  his  successors. 

385. 

License  of  King  Edward  for  Grant  of  Messuage  and  Carucate  to 
Abbot  and  Convent.  Mch.  18  31  Edw.  I. 
In  the  same  year  "  Originalia  Roll"  states  that  the  Abbot 
of  St  Peter's  Gloucester  made  a  fine  with  the  King  in  a 
hundred  shillings  for  permission  to  enter  on  a  lay  tenement 
in  Pychenecumbe. 


"  Pychenecumbe."  159 

386. 
Gilbert  de  Masynton  grants  to  the  Church  of  St  Peter  Gloucester, 
and  to  the  monks  there  serving  God,  in  pure  and  perpetual 
Alms  for  the  augmentation  of  the  Almery  of  "  Stanedis,"  One 
Messuage  and  one  Carucate  of  land,  with  meadows,  woods, 
grazings,  pastures,  ways,  paths,  fisheries,  and  all  other  appur- 
tenances, which  he  has  in  Pychenecumbe,  Also  One  Messuage 
with  Curtilage,  and  all  land  and  appurtenances  which  Thomas 
son  of  Walter  le  Bruht  formerly  held  in  Pychenecumbe  and 
Two  shillings  and  sixpence,  rent  issuing  out  of  the  tenements 
of  Will.  Ythenard  and  Robt  le  Knyght  in  the  same  ville, 
with  the  reversion  of  the  same. 

Witnesses :    Wm.    de    Clifford,    Adam    Spilmon,    Steph.    de 
Masynton  and  others. 

Given  on  the  Day  of  the   Nativity  of  St.  John  Baptist  31 
Edward,  son  of  King  Henry  [1303]. 

387. 
The  Same  for  self  and  heirs  quitclaims  to  Abbot  &c.  all  right 
which  he  has  in  any  way  in  lands  etc.  in  Pychenecumbe. 
Witnesses  :  Wm.  de  Clifford,  Steph.  de  Masynton. 
Octave  of  S.  J.  Baptist  31  Edw.  I.  [1301]. 

388. 

Gilbert  de  Masynton  has  given  to  God  and  the  Church  of  St. 
Peter,  Gloucester  and  the  monks  there  serving  God,  for  the 
augmentation  of  the  Almonry  of  Standish,  a  Messuage  and 
Carucate  ;  and  a  Messuage  with  Curtilage,  late  of  Thomas  le 
Bret  son  of  Walter — and  2s.  6d.  rent  &c.  as  before ;  Also 
Ten  acres  land  which  William  Benet  son  of  Benedict  de 
Holtleye  formerley  held  in  the  said  Ville. 
Witnesses :  Will,  de  Clifford,  Adam  Spilmon,  Steph.  de 
Masynton. 

389. 

John  [de  Gamage]  Abbot  of  St  Peter's  Gloucester  appoints  Philip 
de  Longford,  Cleric,  his  Attorney,  to  receive  seisin  of  land 


160  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

and  tenements  which  Gilbert  de  Masynton  has  given  to  the 
Abbey  in  pure  and  perpetual  Alms  in  Pychenecumbe. 

Dated   Gloucester,  Thursday  next  before   Feast  of  St.  Bar- 
nabas the  Apostle  A0  31  Edw. 

390. 
Walter  le  Bruht  (sic)  quitclaims  to  Abbot  and  Convent  of  Glou- 
cester and  successors,  in  Augmentation  of  the  Almonry  of 
"Stanedis,"  all  the  right  he  had  in  the  ville  of  Pychene- 
cumbe in  One  Messuage,  One  Carucate  of  land,  one  hundred 
acres  Wood,  with  appurtenances ;  for  which  quitclaim  &c. 
the  Abbot  and  Convent  have  given  him  £40  silver. 
Witnesses  :  Will,  de  Gardinis,  Adam  Spilmon,  Ralph  Baron. 
Dated  on  the  day  of  the  Apostles  Peter  and  Paul,  31  Edw. 

[1303]. 

391. 

"  Scriptum   Walteri  le  Brut  ad  Abbatem." 

[translation  in  full.] 

"  I,  Walter  called  le  Bruht  of  Pychenecumbe  have  received  of 
John  [de  Gamage]  Abbot  of  Saint  Peter  Gloucester  and 
the  Convent  of  the  same  place,  by  the  hands  of  brother  Roger 
de  Tewesdebuiy,  Almoner  of  Standish,  Twenty  seven  marcs 
Silver  for  all  contracts  remissions  etc.  made  to  the  said  Abbot 
and  to  Gilbert  de  Masynton  concerning  lands  and  tenements 
at  Pychenecumbe  :  I  have  also  received  from  the  said  Abbot, 
through  brother  Roger,  Fifty  shillings  Silver  for  wrought 
stone  sold  to  the  said  Abbot  &  Convent  at  Pychenecumbe, 
and  for  all  moveables  found  there  on  Saturday  in  the  Vigil 
of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Anno  Edw.  31.  [1303]. 
Witnesses,  Roger  de  Aldewyke,  Adam  Spilmon,  Win  de 
Clifford  it  others. 

Dated  at  Payneswyk,  on  the  Lord's  Day  next  after  the  Feast 
of  St  Valerian  the  Martyr. 

"  Finis  Cartarum  de  Pychenecumbe." 

(Registrum  B. 

Froucest'  Abbti8) 


"Pychbnecdmbe."  161 

As  to  the  subsequent  history  of  these  lands  we  have  but  little 
information.  However,  in  the  Register  of  Abbot  Braunch,  16th 
Henry  VII.  (1501)  4th  January,1  we  find  a  lease  of  the  Abbey's 
Manor  de  la  Pychenecumbe,  "  with  all  buildings,  lands,  meadows, 
pastures,  and  part  of  the  Demesne,  together  with  Tythes  and  all 
and  singular  the  rights  thereto  appertaining,  (lately  -held  by 
Richard  Gardyner)  granted  to  William  Gardiner  senior,  William 
Gardiner  his  son,  Agnes  his  Avife,  and  John  Gardyner  brother  of 
William  Gardyner  senior,  for  the  term  of  Seventy  years  or  so 
long  as  all  or  any  one  of  them  shall  live, — rendering  thence  to  the 
Abbot  and  Convent  by  the  hands  of  the  Almoner  for  the  time 
being,  64s.  4d.  per  annum,  at  the  four  feasts  :  of  the  Annunciation 
of  the  B.V.  M. ;  Nativity  of  St.  John  Baptist ;  St.  Michael ;  and 
the  Nativity  of  our  Lord,  in  equal  portions :  with  suit  of  Court  at 
Standyshe,  and  payment  to  the  lord  of  Payneswik  of  all  due  and 
accustomed  rents  :  housebote  and  heybote  at  the  discretion  of  the 
woodward  :  Heriot,  the  best  beast  or  one  marc  silver,  at  the  option 
of  the  Almoner." 

In  Abbot  Parker's  Register,  Vol.  II.,2  we  also  find  grants  of 
the  Reversion  of  the  site  of  the  Manor  of  Pychenecumbe,  viz  : 
to  Robert  Wye,  in  152f>  and  to  Richard  Gardiner,  in  1531,  the 
manor  at  that  date  being  in  the  tenure  of  William  Gardiner  father 
of  the  said  Richard. 

Some  of  these  lands,  being  parcel  of  the  possessions  of  the  late 
Monastery  of  St.  Peter,  Gloucester,  and  lately  in  the  tenure  of 
William  Gardiner  and  others,  were  granted  by  Letters  Patent, 
dated  15th  July,  35th  Henry  VIII.  (1544)  to  Richard  Andrews 
and  Nicholas  Temple,  their  heirs  and  assigns,  and  the  heirs  of  the 
said  Richard  Andrews  for  ever,  rendering  at  the  Feast  of  St. 
Michael  the  Archangel  viijd.  Also  "  the  scite  and  Capital  Mes- 
suage of  the  Manor  of  Pichenecumbe,  lately  in  the  hands  of  the 
Monastery  of  St.  Peter,  and  in  the  tenure  of  William  Gardiner 
senior,  Johanna  his  wife,  and  William  and  John  Gardiner  sons  of 
the  said  William,"  with  Pychenecombe  Wood,  containing  by 
estimation  47  acres,  and  certain  Tythes — to  be  held  in  capite  by 
the  service  of  the  20th  part  of  one  knight's  fee,  rendering  yearly 
at  the  Feast  of  St.  Michael,  6s.  5|d. 
1  Keg.  Braunch,  fol.  5  -  No.  86. 

Vol.  XIV.  it 


162  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

By  the  Standish  Tythe  Apportionment  dated  Nov.  21st,  1839, 
John  Page,  gent.,  is  named  as  the  Impi-opriator  of  the  Tithes  of 
Corn,  Grain  and  Hay,  which  are  thereby  commuted  at  £54  10s.; 
but  an  amended  award  in  1844  declares  that  "it  has  been  repre- 
sented  to  the  Tithe  Commissioners  that  John  Page  is  erroneously 
stated  in  the  Original  Award  to  be  Impropriator  of  Tithe  of  Corn, 
Grain  and  Hay  accruing  upon  all  lands  in  the  third  Schedule 
(Oxlinch  Tything)  whereas  in  fact,  69  acs.  and  3  perches  situate  in 
the  Manor  of  Pitchcombe,  and  well  known  by  metes  and  bounds, 
are  by  prescription  and  other  lawful  means,  exempt  from  the  render 
of  all  tythes;  and,  as  to  the  remaining  157  acs.  3  r.  37  p.  John 
Page  is  Impropriator  not  only  of  tythe  of  corn,  grain,  and  hay, 
but  of  all  tythes  whatsoever.  Of  this,  88  acres  or  thereabouts, 
consisted  of  woodland  ;  and  the  whole  tythe  was  commuted  at 
:gl3  6s.  6d. 

Skeletons  were  discovered  a  few  years  ago  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  "  the  Manor  Farm  House  ;  "  and  an  old  fishpond,  paved 
with  stone,  perhaps  "  Okie  Fischwere,"  (see  No.  354)  was  filled 
up  previously  to  1874.  The  inhabitants  of  this  portion  of  Standish 
have  for  many  centuries  been  dependent  upon  Pitchcombe  for 
their  religious  privileges,  by  reason  of  distance  from  their  own 
parish  church. 

Under  the  "  Divided  Parishes  Act,"  these  lands  have  become 
part  of  the  civil  parish  of  Pitchcombe;  though  in  an  ecclesiastical 
point  of  view,  they  nominally  remain  subject  to  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  vicar  of  Standish. 

It  is  a  remarkable  fact,  and  one  which,  so  far,  we  are  not  able 
to  explain — that  whilst  the  Rectory  of  Standish,  with  the  great 
tythe,  formed  a  portion  of  the  endowment  of  the  new  Bishopric 
of  Gloucester,  the  tythes  from  certain  lands  situated  at  Pitch- 
combe, and  apparently  as  much  in  the  possession  of  the  Monastery 
of  St.  Peter,  did  not  pass  with  the  grant  of  the  rest,  but  became 
an  Impropriation,  and  thus  lost  of  the  church. 

In  concluding  these  notes,  we  tender  our  thanks  to  the  Very 
Rev.  the  Dean  of  Gloucester  for  the  opportunity  of  making  these 
Extracts  from  the  Abbey  Registers  preserved  in  the  Library. 


HARRY  MENGDEN  SCARTH. 

The  Science  of  Arclueology  and  also  the  Church  of  which  he  was  a  greatly 
respected  minister,  have  sustained  a  severe  loss  in  the  recent  death  of  the 
Rev.  Harry  Mf.xgden  Scarth,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Wrington,  Prebendary  of 
Wells,  and  Rural  Dean  of  Portishead,  in  the  County  of  Somerset.  Mr. 
Scarth  was  the  son  of  Mr.  Thomas  Ereshfield  Scarth,  of  Staindrop,  co. 
Durham.  He  was  born  in  1814,  and  educated  at  the  Edinburgh  Academy, 
whence  he  passed  to  Christ's  College,  Cambridge,  and  took  his  B.  A.  degree  in 
1837  and  M.A.  in  1840.  In  the  same  year  he  was  ordained  to  the  Curacy  of 
Eaton  Constantine,  Salop.  Here,  in  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  the 
famous  Roman  Station  of  Uriconium,  he  acquired  a  taste  for  Roman  Archae- 
ology which  never  forsook  him.  He  soon  afterwards  was  appointed  to  the 
Perpetual  Curacy  of  Kenley  in  the  same  diocese,  but  in  1841  he  was  pre- 
sented by  the  Duke  of  Cleveland  to  the  Rectory  of  Bathwick  cum  Wooley, 
co.  Som. ,  which  benefice  he  held  for  thirty  years.  Here  he  had  an  oppor- 
tunity during  his  hours  of  recreation  of  pursuing  his  favourite  study  of 
Roman  Remains.  In  1S71  he  was  presented  by  the  son  of  his  previous 
patron  to  the  more  important  benefice  of  Wrington  in  the  same  diocese. 
In  1848  he  was  made  a  Prebendary  of  Wells,  and  became  Rural  Dean  of 
Portishead  as  stated  above. 

Mr.  Scarth  was,  what  is  called,  a  High-Churchman,  and  worked  heartily 
with  Archdeacon  Denison  in  forming  the  Bristol  Church  Union,  which  was 
eventually  absorbed  in  the  English  Church  Union.  He  did  not,  however, 
we  think,  become  a  member  of  the  latter  body.  Moreover,  he  was  an  active 
and  zealous  Parish  Priest.  His  worth  was  recognised  in  the  diocese,  as 
shewn  by  his  preferments,  and  his  genial,  quiet,  modest,  and  unaffected 
manners  caused  him  to  be  beloved  and  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Mr.  Scarth  was  well  known  throughout  Eng'and  and  on  the  Continent 
as  an  accomplished  expert  in  Roman  and  Romano-British  Remains.  On 
this  subject  he  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  Journal  of  the  Royal 
Archaeological  Institute  from  1852  to  the  last  year  of  his  life  ;  also  to  the 
Somersetshire  Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Society  ;  to  the  Wiltshire 
Archaeological  Society  ;  the  Bath  Field  Club  ;  and  our  own  Society,  which 
he  assisted  to  inaugurate,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Council,  and  took  a 
great  interest  in  the  progress  and  work  of  the  Society  from  that  time  to  the 
day  of  his  death,  especially  in  the  excavation  by  Sir  John  Maclean  of  the 
Roman  Villa  at  Tockington  Park  in  1S87  and  1888. 


The  principal  work  which  he  published  was  "  Aquae  Solis  ;  or  Notices  of 
Roman  Bath,"  which  has  been  long  out  of  print,  and  we  are  glad  to  hear 
that  hopes  are  entertained  of  a  new  edition,  for  which  Mr.  Scarth  had 
prepared  notes,  bringing  the  notices  down  to  the  date  of  the  recent  dis- 
coveries. 

At  the  request  of  the  S.P.C.K.  he  wrote  for  their  popular  series  a  most 
interesting  little  book  entitled  "Roman  Britain,"  which  has  given  great 
satisfaction,  and  is  often  cited  by  eminent  scholars.  It  has  been  stated  that 
so  thorough  was  his  special  knowledge  of  the  subject  that  he  was  able  to 
write  this  useful  book  off  without  being  obliged  to  refer  to  authorities  or 
make  any  special  preparation. 

In  1842  Mi-.  Scarth  married  Elizabeth  S.  Hamilton,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
J.  Leveson  Hamilton,  Rector  of  Ellenborough,  co.  Bucks,  by  Susan  his  wife, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Woodward,  Rector,  of  Glanworth,  co.  Cork, 
Ireland.  His  wife  and  four  of  his  children  pre-deceased  him,  and  he  was  left 
a  widower  with  three  surviving  daughters.  His  daughter  Alice  Centenari, 
the  anchor  of  the  "History  of  the  'Old  Catholic'  Movement,"  died  at 
Wrington  last  year  to  his  great  grief. 

Mr.  Scarth  had  been  failing  in  health  for  a  year  or  two,  and  sought 
rest  and  relaxation  in  the  South  of  Europe.  This  last  year,  to  escape  an 
English  winter,  he,  with  his  two  daughters,  went  by  sea  to  Tangiers,  hoping 
the  change  might  restore  his  health.  He  greatly  enjoyed  the  sunshine  and 
bracing  air  of  the  climate,  and  was  much  interested  in  the  vestages  of  Roman 
occupation,  as  inscribed  stones,  coins,  &c. ,  which  he  found  there.  In  one 
of  his  letters  from  Tangiers  he  remarks:  "Things,  apparently,  continue 
here  much  as  they  must  have  been  left  on  the  breaking  up  of  the  Roman 
Empire.  The  manners  and  customs  of  the  people,  and  their  dress  and  mode 
of  conveyance  remain  the  same."  He  took  a  chill,  however,  and  suffered  an 
attack  of  intermittant  fever  with  conjestion  of  his  lungs,  which  was  too 
much  for  him  in  his  feeble  condition.  He  rallied  a  little,  and  no  serious 
apprehensions  were  felt  by  Ins  daughters  until  Holy  Thursday,  when  he 
became  worse,  and  quietly  fell  asleep  on  the  morning  of  Easter  Eve,  5th 
April,  1890,  aged  76.  His  body  was  brought  home  and  interred  in  his  own 
churchyard  at  'Wrington  on  the  21st  of  the  same  month.  He  will  be  greatly 
missed. 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  PtfBLlcATtoN&  165 


Notices  of  Recent  JUchvcologiral  ano  |}istoviatl  $ubliratiort0. 


DIOCESE  OF  SALISBURY.  The  Church  Plate  of  the  County  of  Dorset, 
with  Extracts  from  the  Returns  of  Church  Goods  by  the  Dorset  Com- 
missioners of  Edward  VI.,  1332.  By  J.  E.  Nightingale,  F.S.A.,  Salisbury. 
Privately  printed  1889. 

After  centuries  of  neglect  of  Church  Plate,  during  which  of  late  years 
countless  sets  of  Communion  Vessels  have  been  sold  at  the  price  of  old  silver, 
or  exchanged  for  modern  articles  at  the  same  rate,  because  the  old  pieces 
have  been  thought  heavy  and  cumbrous,  it  is  gratifying  to  find  that  Bishops 
and  Archdeacons  have  risen  to  a  higher  sense  of  their  duty  as  guardians  of 
the  goods  of  the  church.  In  some  dioceses  and  archdeaconries  incumbents 
of  churches  have  been  required  to  transmit  to  the  Bishops'  Registry  com- 
plete lists  of  all  the  Plate  and  other  goods  belonging  to  their  respective 
churches.  This  is  very  satisfactory,  as  far  as  it  goes,  but  very  few  clergy- 
men have  given  sufficient  time  and  attention  to  the  interesting  study  of 
Church  Plate  to  attain  that  knowledge  which  would  enable  them  to  give  an 
intelligible  description  of  the  Plate  they  possess. 

A  few  years  ago  (1SS4)  the  Rev.  W.  Lea,  Archdeacon  of  Worcester, 
published  a  carefully  made  Inventory  and  Description  of  the  Sacred  Vessels 
in  use  in  different  churches  in  his  Archdeaconry,  and  made  a  rule  that  all 
the  plate  belonging  to  the  church  should  be  produced  before  him  on  the 
occasions  of  his  Visitations,  and,  compared  with  such  Inventories.  Arch- 
deacon Lea's  work  contains  a  detailed  description  of  each  piece,  with 
diagrams  shewing  the  forms  of  the  most  characteristic.  Two  years  later  the 
Rev.  W.  A.  Scott  Robertson,  Hononary  Canon  of  Canterbury,  and  Vicar  of 
Throwley,  reprinted  from  the  Arcfueologia  Cantiana  the  Church  Plate  of 
Kent  (which,  probably,  he  had  himself  contributed  to  that  Periodical.) 
Many  pieces  are  very  well  engraved  in  his  work,  but  it  is  very  sad  to  know 
that  there  is  not  now  remaining  a  single  Mediaeval  Chalice  in  the  whole 
County  of  Kent.  The  little  volume  issued  in  18S6  was  the  first  Part  only. 
We  do  not  know  if  a  second  Part  has  been  issued.  The  description  of  the 
Church  Plate  of  several  other  districts  has  been  printed,  we  may  say  buried, 
in  local  Arclueological  periodicals.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  these  commu- 
nications have  not  been  reprinted  as  was  done  by  Canon  Scott  Robertson. 

It  is  very  gratifying  that  the  Bishop  of  Salisbury  has  taken  the  matter 
up  as  regards  his  own  diocese,  though  limited,  at  present,  to  the  Arch- 
deaconry of  Dorset,  which  is  conterminate  with  the  County  of  Dorset,  and 
we  must  congratulate  his  lordship  upon  having,  in  carrying  out  this  under- 
taking, secured  the  invaluable  assistance  of  so  accomplished  an  expert  as 
Mr.  Nightingale.  The  modus  operandi  adopted  is  very  interesting,  both  as 
a  warning  and  an  example,  and  may  be  stated  in  a  few  words.  The  first 
step  taken  was  to  issue,  through  the  Rural  Deans,  printed  forms  of  Returns 
to  be  filled  up  by  the  incumbent  of  each  parish  and  transmitted  to  the 


166  N0TICKS   OF   RECENT  ArCH.EoLoGICAL   PUBLICATIONS. 

Bishops'  Registry,  giving  the  special  information  required  of  all  the  Church 
Plate  belonging  to  his  parish.  These  Returns,  Mr.  Nightingale  tells  us, 
form  the  basis  of  the  handsome  volume  before  us  ;  but  it  is  evident,  as 
might  be  expected,  that  many  of  these  Returns  were  of  very  little  value,  for 
they  had  to  be  supplemented  by  other  Returns  more  skilfully  made.  A  more 
or  less  competent  gentleman  was  afterwards  deputed  to  visit  every  church  in 
each  deanery,  who,  on  the  spot,  described  each  piece  submitted  to  him,  and 
made  such  sketches,  drawings  and  rubbings,  &c,  as  seemed  to  be  desirable, 
and  these  Returns,  when  digested,  appear  to  us  to  have  really  formed  the 
basis  of  the  volume.  Mr.  Nightingale  himself  remarks  that  "  when  possible 
the  shortest  and  most  satisfactory  way  is  to  visit  each  parish,  Cripps  in 
hand,  and  note  the  details  on  the  spot." 

Turning  to  the  result  of  these  enquiries,  for  we  need  not  follow  Mr. 
Nightingale  through  his  valuable  and  interesting  historical  Introduction,  it 
is  very  sad  to  rind  that  out  of  about  300  parish  churches  in  the  Archdeaconry, 
in  each  of  which  one  Chalice,  at  least,  was  left  for  the  use  of  the  church  in 
1552,  when  the  churches  were  despoiled  by  the  Protestant  Reformers,  three 
pieces  only  of  pre-Reformation  plate  now  remain.  The  question  naturally 
arises  :  What  has  become  of  the  others?  This  is  a  question  not  very  difficult 
answer  very  briefly.  During  the  reign  of  Edward  VI.  some  of  the  ancient 
Chalices  were,  under  the  King's  injunctions,  converted  into  Communion  Cups 
of  a  peculiar  type,  but  on  the  accession  of  Queen  Mary  these  cups  were 
discarded,  not  being  considered  suitable  for  Divine  Service.  Some  of  them 
doubtless  were  again  converted  into  Chalices.  Edwardian  Cups  have  become 
even  more  rare  than  the  ancient  Chalices.  Not  a  single  one  now  exists  in 
Dorsetshire.  On  the  accession  of  Quejn  Elizabeth  another  raid  was  made  on 
the  ancient  Chalices  by  the  Protestant  zealots.  More  especially,  we  regret  to 
say,  by  the  new  Puritan  Bishops,  not  by  the  Queen,  and  another  style  of 
cup  of  a  special  character,  which  we  shall  describe  presently,  was  slowly 
introduced,  chiefly  between  1570  and  1580  instead  of  what  were  called 
Massing  Chalices,  and  these  cups  prevailed  everywhere.  Mr.  Nightingale 
says  :  "  Speaking  roughly,  out  of  about  300  parishes,  over  100  retain  their 
Elizabethan  Chalices  ;  the  number  possessing  Communion  Plate  of  the  17th 
century  amounts  to  about  seventy  ;  in  the  18th  century  large  additions  of 
single  pieces,  as  well  as  sets,  were  made  to  many  parish  churches  ;  while,  as 
regards  plate  belonging  to  the  current  century,  the  greater  part  of  which  is 
of  the  present  reign,  some  fifty  parishes  are  found  to  have  exchanged  their 
old  plate  for  new. 

Mr.  Nightingale  has  very  properly  arranged  the  Returns  under  the 
respective  Deaneries,  but,  in  the  remarks  on  the  work  which  we  are  about 
to  make,  we  propose  to  notice  the  most  interesting  pieces  in  chronological 
order,  and  in  doing,  this  we  shall  follow,  generally,  Mr.  Nightingale's  des- 
criptions. 

Under  this  arrangement  the  first  piece  which  claims  our  attention  is 
the  beautiful  Chalice  of  Combe  Keynes.  This  fine  piece  was  exhibited 
by  Mr.  Nightingale  at  a  Meeting  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  on  the  16th 
June,  1887,  and  is  engraved  in  the  Proceedings  of  that  Society.  It  has  been 
well  preserved  and  is  in  excellent  condition.  Its  height  is  6|  ins.;  diameter 
of  bowl  4  ins.;  depth  2ins.;  narrowest  part  of  the  mullet-shaped  base  3^ins.; 
widest  part  to  the  points  of  the  knops  5|  ins.  The  bowl  is  broad  and  conical  ; 


PLATE  IX. 


Notices  of  Decent  Arch.eological  Publications. 


167 


the  somewhat  slender  stem  is  hexagonal  and  quite  plain,  with  ogee  moulded 
bands  at  the  junctions.  The  knob  is  full  sized,  having  six  lobes  spirally 
twisted  with  traceried  openings,  terminating  in  angels'  heads,  crowned.  It 
has  a  mullet-shaped  foot  with  plain  broad-spread  and  vertically-reeded 
moulding.  The  points  terminate  with  an  elegant  knop  in  the  shape  of  a 
floriated  Lombardic  M.  In  the  first  compaitment  of  the  base  is  the  usual 
crucifix  between  flowering  branches  on  a  hatched  ground.  The  parts  gilt 
are  the  interior  and  outer  lip  of  the  bowl,  the  knob,  the  crucifixion,  also 
the  mouldings  of  the  stem,  the  base  and  the  knops.  No  hall  marks  are 
found,  but  the  date,  compared  with  other  examples,  is  about  1500,  perhaps 
earlier,  certainly  not  much  later.  The  weight  is  about  10  ozs.  Mr.  Night- 
ingale says  :  "  This  is  no  doubt  the  same  Chalice  found  by  the  Commissioners 
of  Edward  VI.  in  1552  and  left  for  the  future  use  of  the  parish.  It  falls 
under  Fb  of  Messrs.  St.  John  Hope's  and  Fallow's  classification  [Plate  IX). 
This  Chalice  very  much  resembles  in  general  character  the  Clifford  example, 
though  15  years  later,  and  somewhat  smaller,  (see  ante  p.  86  and  Plate  V.) 

The  next  earliest  example  of  Mediaeval  Plate  in  the  County  of  Dorset  is 
a  Paten  at  Buckhorn  Weston.  "It  measures  5  ins.  in  diameter,  and  varies 
from  most  others  in  having  the  second  depression  formed  of  hollow  shell-like 
sexfoils.  The  foliated  spandrels  are  somewhat  coarsely  engraved,  as  is  also 
the  sacred  monogram  in  the  centre,  enclosed  within  a  circle  of  spiral  lines 


or  cable.    Inside  the  two  lines  of  the  outer  rim  of  the  Paten  is  a  very  slightly 
punched  ornament.     There  are  no  hall  marks,  but  the  date  aligned,  to  it  i& 


16S  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publication?. 

between  1510  and  1520.  On  the  rim  is  either  a  maker's  or  a  town  mark.  It 
consists  of  a  circle,  in  which  is  a  cross  with  a  pellet  between  either  limb, 
but  without  any  shield  or  border.  (Fig.  S.J. 

The  only  other  piece  of  pre- Reformation  Plate  in  Dorsetshire  is  a  Chalice 
at  Sturminster  Marshall.  Unfortunately  it  is  not  now  quite  in  its  original 
state.  The  bowl  and  base  are  intact,  but,  at  some  early  period,  the  old  stem 
has  been  replaced  by  a  plainer  one.  The  present  dimensions  are,  height 
6Jins.,  diameter  of  bowl  4Jrins. ,  depth  of  bowl  24ins.,  diameter  of  base  4§ins. 
and  4,1  ins.  Both  bowl  and  foot  carry  these  hall-marks  :  viz.,  a  Lombardic  T 
for  1536,  the  leopard's  head  crowned,  and  the  maker's  mark  T.  W.  in  a  shield. 
This  maker's  mark  is  also  found  on  a  Paten  belonging  to  St.  Edmund's 
Church,  Salisbury,  of  the  date  of  1533.  Mr.  Nightingale  observes  that 
"  these  two  pieces  are  remarkable  in  more  ways  than  one  ;  they  are  the  two 
latest  dated  examples  of  Church  Plate  at  present  knowu  in  England  made 
just  before  the  Eve  of  the  Reformation.  This  maker's  mark  too  is  the 
earliest  example  of  any  maker  using  two  letters  of  the  alphabet  for  his  name, 
instead  of  a  symbol  of  some  kind  as  his  mark."  The  general  form  of  the 
Chalice  is  shown  on  Plate  X.  "There  can  be  no  doubt,"  Mr.  Nightingale 
says,  "  that  the  upper  portion  of  the  present  stem,  although  old,  does  not 
form  any  part  of  the  original  work.  The  old  stem  was  hexagonal.  This  is  still 
indicated  by  the  remains  of  some  cresting  with  baluster-shaped  buttresses 
round  the  upper  part  of  the  foot.  When  the  present  circular  part  of  the 
stem  was  somewhat  clumsily  substituted  for  the  older  one,  the  details  of  the 
old  work  at  the  junction  were  nearly  obliterated,  but  enough  remains  to 
shew  that  the  pattern  was  pretty  much  the  same  as  that  found  in  a  similar 
position  in  the  Chalice  of  Wyle,  Wilts,  and  Trinity  College,  Oxford,"  as 
shewn  in  Plate  XI.  These  illustrations  are  drawn  on  different  scales,  both 
the  Chalices  are  of  the  same  size.  In  both  the  Trinity  and  the  Wylye 
examples  at  each  angle  of  the  hexagon  is  a  baluster-shaped  ornament, 
between  which  is  open  battlemented  arcading,  and  in  the  Sturminster  case 
there  are  indications  of  the  same,  now  destroyed.  The  new  stem  is  ot  the 
Elizabethan  period,  and  Mr.  Nightingale  is  of  opinion  that  it  is  of  local 
workmanship.  On  the  front  of  the  foot  is  engraved  the  crucifixion  under 
an  ogee  arch,  INRI  over  the  cross,  attendant  figures  of  the  Blessed  Virgin 
and  St.  John,  and  a  skull  and  bones.  Mr.  Nightingale  says  there  are  only 
four  examples  at  present  known  of  this  particular  type  of  chalice,  and  they 
vary  very  slightly. 

We  have  entered  more  fully  into  the  description  of  the  ancient  Altar  Plate 
than  we  should  have  done  but  for  its  extreme  rarity  and  interest,  and  we 
shall  now  proceed  to  the  time  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  during  whose  reign  greater 
havoc  was  made  (with  the  exception  of  the  robberies  of  her  father  and  brother) 
with  the  Church  Plate  than  in  any  period  of  English  history.  Not  that  the 
Queen  had  any  personal  objection  to  chalices,  but  during  the  early  part  of 
her  reign  her  position  was  very  critical,  and  she  was  pressed  forward  by  the 
extreme  puritan  Bishops  and  others.  An  Elizabethan  cup  is  found  at  Buck- 
horn  Weston  (at  which  place  there  is  a  Mediaeval  Paten  as  noticed  above, 
Jitj.  8)  as  early  as  1562,  but  this  would  seem  to  be  an  exceptional  case.  The 
progress  of  conversion  did  not  proceed  very  rapidly.  In  1567  Parker  and 
Orindal  issued  injunctions  requiring  the  disuse  of  Massing  Chalices  and  the 
substitution  of  decent  Communion  Cups,  but  it  was  not  until  1573  and  1574 . 


PLATE  X 


STURM [NSTER  MARSHALL. 


PLATE  XL 


trrrw9 


WYLYE,  WILTS,  1525. 


PLATE  XII. 


ELIZABETHAN  CUP  WITH  PATEN  COVER,  1576. 


PLATE  XIII. 


PLATE  XIV. 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  169 

that  any  general  conversion  took  place.  We  know  not  if  any  further  orders 
on  the  subject  were  issued,  but  about  this  time  almost  the  whole  of  the 
ancient  chalices  were  destroyed.     The  Patens  fared  better. 

It  is  very  remarkable  that  all  the  cups  now  introduced  were  of  the  same 
type  and  ornamented  in  the  same  manner,  and  they  were  not  limited  to  any 
particular  diocese,  or  even  province,  but  extended  all  over  England.  So 
close  is  the  resemblance  that  it  would  seem  as  if  some  general  order,  both  as 
regards  shape  and  ornament,  had  been  issued,  but,  notwithstanding  the  most 
diligent  search  has  been  made,  no  such  order  has  been  discovered. 

It  seems  to  be  scarcely  necessary  to  describe  these  cups.  Their  character 
and  ornamentation,  with  few  exceptions,  is  clearly  shewn  in  PL  XII.  They 
were  all  supplied  with  a  cover  which  served  as  a  Paten. 

We  are  told  by  Mr.  Nightingale  that,  roughly  speaking,  out  of  about 
300  parishes  in  Dorsetshire  over  100  retain  their  Elizabethan  Chalices,  and 
most  of  them  retain  their  Paten  Covers.  Of  these  71  bear  either  hall-mark 
date  or  have  dates  inscribed  on  them,  which  may  be  accepted  as  generally 
correct.  There  is  a  single  cup  as  early  as  1562,  to  which  we  have  alluded 
above,  in  which  year  Archbishop  Parker  propounded  various  matters  for  the 
better  regulation  of  the  Church,  amongst  others  an  order  for  Chalices  to  be 
altered  into  Communion  Cups,  but  these  articles  were  not  allowed.  With  one 
exception,  Mr.  Nightingale  says,  no  other  dated  example  of  a  Dorset  Com- 
munion Cup  is  found  until  1570.  What  other  orders  upon  this  subject  were 
given, if  any,  are  not  known,  but  they  would  seem  to  have  been  very  stringent, 
for,  with  two  exceptions,  all  the  hall-marked  cups  in  Dorset  fall  between  the 
years  1570  and  1574.  The  two  excepted  were  not  stamped  until  1591.  There 
is  a  speciality  regarding  the  32  other  cups  which  are  undated.  These  are  all 
supposed  to  have  been  made  by  two  local  craftesmen,  who  used  what  arc 
called  provincial  or  personal  marks.     The  first  of  these  is  40B& 

This  mark  is  found  on  plate  in  30  parishes.    On  cups  with     "^.    &§&&      * 
Paten  Covers  are  20  examples.     On  cups  without  covers  xuiCr 

eight,  and  on  Paten  Covers  without  cups  two.  The  majority  of  these  pieces 
have  an  inscribed  date,  varying  from  1573  to  157S,  but  about  half  of  the 
examples  are  of  the  year  1574.  They  are  distributed  all  over  the  county, 
but  the  greater  number  are  in  the  southern  part.  They  vary  somewhat  in 
size  and  in  decoration,  but  as  a  rule  they  are  pretty  much  the  same  as  those 
bearing  the  London  Assay  mark. 

The  second  of  these  marks,  of  which  an  illustration  is  here  given,  is 
found  on  cups  of  a  somewhat  different  type  and  style  of  ornamentation. 
(See  Chalice  and  Paten  from  Gillingham  (PL XIII)  dated  1574.)  It  will 
be  observed  that  instead  of  the  usual  knot  on  the  stem,  there  is  a  rlan"e 
with  cable  moulding,  and  a  plain  band  of  intersecting  strap-work  engraved 
round  the  cup  without  foliation.  In  these  respects  they  differ  from  the 
Conventional  Elizabethan  Cups.  They  bear  some  resemblance  to  the  rare 
Edwardian  Cups.  These  Elizabethan  Cups  are  found  in  fourteen  parishes, 
and  in  four  others  without  the  stamp,  but  as  all,  save  one,  correspond  so 
exactly  in  details  their  number  may  be  said  to  lie  18,  With  one  exception 
these  all  occur  in  the  northern  portion  of  the  county,  that  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  river  Stour. 


170  Notices  of  Recent  Arch.eological  Publication's. 

There  is  a  remarkable  17th  century  cup  at  Wraxall.  in  the  Deanery  of 
Bridport,  unlike  any  other  we  have  ever  seen.  Mr.  Nightingale  describes 
it  as  if  ins.  in  height,  diameter  of  bowl  3|  ins.  diameter  of  base  3}  ins.  The 
hall-marks  consists  of  a  maker's  mark  twice  repeated,  the  letters  H.  S.  with 
a  pellet  above  each  letter  and  a  mullet  below,  all  are  enclosed  within  a 
heart-shaped  shield  ;  there  is  also  the  lion  passant,  and  some  indication  of 
the  leopard's  head  but  no  date  letter.  The  shape  of  this  cup  differs  from  any 
other  in  the  county.  The  bowl  is  straight,  slanting  a  little  outwards,  the 
foot  is  circular,  tapering  upwards  to  the  bowl  almost  to  a  point.  The 
decoration  of  both  the  bowl  and  base  consists  of  overlapping  vertical  bands 
alternating  plain  and  granulated.  Underneath  the  bowl  is  a  ring  of  punched 
circles  like  daisies.  It  is  made  throughout  with  somewhat  thin  plate  silver, 
all  the  ornamentation  being  worked  on  the  surface,  and  without  any  mould- 
ings. A  maker's  mark  with  the  same  initials  H.S.,  but  with  different 
details,  is  found  in  "  Old  English  Plate"  from  1615  to  1629.  This  may 
probably  indicate  about  the  period  of  its  manufacture.    {Plate  XIV.) 

There  is  another  remarkable  cup  with  Paten  Cover  at  Mosterton. 
Height  of  the  cup  5J  ins.,  with  cover  7i  ins.  ;  diameter  of  bowl  '&%  ins.;  of 
base  31  ins.  There  are  no  marks  of  any  kind,  round  the  bowl  is  engraved 
"  Thomas  Sandford  of  Mosterton,  Church  Worden  Anno  Domini  1714."  The 
ornamentation  consists  of  a  spiral  fluting  round  the  base  of  bowl,  and 
double  circles  of  gadroon  moulding  round  the  foot  and  cover.  Although 
no  hall-marks  are  found,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  date  of  this  interest- 
ing cup  is  about  the  period  of  the  inscription.  (Plate  XV). 

From  the  end  of  the  16th  century  Church  Plate  became  more  debased 
and  unecclesiastieal  until  the  recent  revival.  Nevertheless,  heavy  clumsy 
and  inartistic  as  it  was  during  the  last  and  early  part  of  the  present  century, 
it  exhibits  the  taste  and  church  feeling  of  the  Georgian  age,  and  we  trust 
it  will  be  carefully  preserved  as  shewing  the  growth  of  both  during  the 
Victorian  era. 


GLEANINGS  FROM  OLD  ST.  PAUL'S.  By  W.  Sparrow  Simpson, 
D.D.,  F.S.A.,  Sub-Dean  of  St,  Paul's  Cathedral;  one  of  the  Chaplains  of 
His  G  race  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  London:  Elliott  Stock,  1889, 
Those  who  are  acquainted  with  Dr.  Simpson's  charming  little  volume, 
"Chapters  in  the  History  of  old  S,  Paul's,"  will  gladly  welcome  the  gleanings 
which  come  after,  and  who  is  there  so  well  qualified  to  gather  them  up  as 
the  learned  Doctor,  who  for  nearly  the  third  of  a  century,  has  been  a 
member  of  the  cathedral  boily  and  the  librarian,  and  also  is  Sub-Dean. 
Notwithstanding  the  learned  labours  of  Sir  William  Dugdale,  Sir  Henry 
Ellis,  Archdeacon  Hale  and  Dr,  Simpson  himself,  who  all  have  written  upon 
the  ancient  edifice,  there  are  doubtless  many  historical  incidents,  both  inter- 
esting and  instructive,  to  be  gleaned  after  the  harvest,  and  we  are  gratified 
that  the  present  author  can  encourage  us  to  hope  that  he  will  gather  up  for 
us  yet  another  sheaf  of  gleanings. 

In  his  first  chapter,  Dr,  Simpson  treats  of  the  College  of  Minor  Canons 
in  a  brief  and  popular  manner.  He  wrote  very  fully  on  this  subject  in  a 
Paper  printed  in  the  "  Archreologia  "  twenty  years  ago,     The  college  consists 


PLATE  XV. 


Notices  of  Recent  Arch.eo logical  Publications.  171 

of  twelve  priests,  of  whom  Dr.  Simpson  himself  is  one,  It  was  founded  in 
the  time  of  Richard  II.  and  incorporated  by  Royal  Charter,  but  the  canons 
claim  that  their  College  existed  from  a  far  more  remote  period,  for  it  appears 
from  a  document  in  the  Harleian  collection  in  the  British  Museum,  (No.  9S0) 
that  St.  Paul's  had,  before  the  Norman  Conquest,  two  Cardinals,  which 
office  still  continues.  They  are  chosen  from  the  minor  canons  by  the  Dean 
and  Chapter,  and  in  olden  times  were  called  Cardinales  Chor't.  Though  the 
charter  and  statutes  have  been  repeatedly  confirmed  by  Royal  Letters 
Patent,  by  an  act  of  parliament  in  1875  the  college  was  completely  changed. 
The  canons  had  their  own  independent  endowment  of  ancient  date,  and  their 
own  corporate  seal,  and  had  their  own  statutes,  which  are  fully  set  out  in  Dr. 
Simpson's  Paper  in  the  "  Archseologia,"  to  which  we  have  referred  above, 
though  they  were  also  subject  to  the  authority  of  the  statutes  of  the 
cathedral,  all  were  annulled. 

A  very  interesting  account  is  given  of  the  Cathedral  Library,  It  has 
been  repeatedly  consumed  by  fire,  and  has  more  than  once  been  reduced 
to  a  very  low  ebb,  but  it  now  contains  upwards  of  '20,000  works,  more  than 
half  of  which,  however,  are  pamphlets,  in  which  class  of  literature  it  is  very 
rich  ;  no  fewer  than  6,348  of  them  were  presented  to  the  library  by  the  late 
Dr,  Sumner,  Bishop  of  Winchester. 

Among  the  curiosities  noticed  by  Dr,  Simpson  is  a  Tonsure  Plate,  which 
is  preserved  in  the  MSS,  department  in  the  British  Museum,  It  is  a  circular 
plate  of  copper,  3  ins.  in  diameter,  slightly  convex  on  the  one  side,  and  con- 
cave on  the  other,  the  latter  being  ornamented  with  a  lion  rampant,  double 
queued,  boldly  engraved  thereon.  It  is  thought  to  be  of  the  13th  century, 
and  was  used  tor  determining  the  shape  of  the  tonsures  of  the  clergy.  It 
will  be  remembered  that  the  form  of  the  tonsure  was  one  of  the  subjects  of 
contention  between  St.  Augustine  and  the  British  bishops  in  the  7th  century. 
Dr,  Simpson  describes  the  difference  in  shape  of  the  tonsures  as  worn  by  the 
clergy  of  the  Roman  and  of  the  Celtic  churches,  and  gives  much  interesting 
information  upon  the  subject,  and  states  that  the  statutes  of  St.  Paul's 
cathedral  are  very  strict  upon  this  matter,  and  contain  many  references 
thereto. 

Passing  on,  the  author  gives  us  an  account  of  some  ancient  Glass  of  the 
old  Cathedral,  and  instances  two  pieces  of  armorial  glass  preserved  by  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  which  he  has  figured,  and  the  arms,  generally,  has 
identified.  He  also  notices  some  early  drawings  of  theaucient  church,  many 
of  which  are  lightly  etched. 

It  is  not  a  pleasant  recollection  to  think  of  the  manner  in  which,  in 
modern  times,  the  Church  has  been  desecrated.  Lotteries,  Dr.  Simpson 
tells  us,  were  drawn  at  the  great  west  door,  but  more  shocking  abuses 
followed,  for  the  hallowed  open  space  in  front  was  used  for  the  execution  of 
the  participators  in  the  Popish  plot,  and  in  1600  Father  Garnet  suffered 
martyrdom  in  the  same  place.  Moreover,  as  late  as  ]  648,  that  year  of  horrors, 
one  of  Cromwell's  soldiers,  said  to  be  a  brave  young  man,  only  '22  years  of 
age,  who  had  refused  to  march  with  his  comrades,  was  tried  by  court  mar- 
shall  and  shot  here,  to  say  nothing  of  the  stabling  of  horses  in  the  sacred 
edifice  during  the  interregnum  and  of  the  profanities  of  Paul's  Walk,  for  all 
which  sec  Dr.  Simpson's  introduction  to  documents  illustrating  the  History 
of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  (Camden  Society,  1880.) 


172  Notices  of  Recent  Akch.euumucal  Publications. 

We  now  come  to  the  principal  chapters  in  the  volume  :  "  Music  in  St. 
Paul's  Cathedral."  Dr.  Simpson's  observations  are  not  limited  to  old  St. 
Paul's,  but  are  continued  down  to  the  present  time.  It  is  very  interesting, 
historically,  but  we  are  not  competent  to  judge  of  it  musically,  and  shall 
only  add  that  the  interesting  volume  concludes  with  some  curious  miscellaneous 
extracts  and  notes,  and  that  we  look  forward  to  another  "Sheaf  of  Gleanings  " 
when  this  impression  is  out  of  print,  which,  we  think,  will  not  be  a  long 
time. 


THE  GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE  LIBRARY;  being  a  Classified  Col- 
lection of  the  Chief  Contents  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  from  1731  to 
186S.  Edited  by  George  Lawrence  Gomme,  F.S.A.  Bibliographical  Notes, 
edited  by  A.  C.  Bickley.  Elliot  Stock,  62,  Paternoster  Row,  18S9. 
We  consider  this  volume  as  the  most  interesting  of  the  series  yet  published. 
It  is  practically  a  continuation  of  its  predecessor,  but  whilst  that  treated 
chiefly  of  Book-making,  Selling  and  Storing,  in  this  it  is  endeavoured  to 
bring  together  particulars  of  the  books  themselves,  and  in  addition  to  collect 
information  on  a  variety  of  subjects  which  hitherto  has  existed  only  in  the 
disconnected  form  unavoidable  in  periodical  publications. 

It  is  divided  into  two  sections — Notes  on  Special  Books  and  Notes  on 
Special  Subjects,  and  under  each  of  these  heads  we  have  numerous  notices  of 
great  and  varied  curiosity  and  value,  and  these  are  supplemented  by  a  table 
of  some  sixty  notes  of  erudite  Bibliographical  Knowledge. 

The  first  section  contains  observations  on  many  very  rare  and  valuable 
volumes,  some  of  them  unique.  The  first  work  treated  of  is  Buonaccorsu's 
Controversia  de  Nobilitatr,  which  is  carefully  and  critically  examined,  with 
a  view  to  the  discovery  of  the  author.  After  this,  follows  the  examination 
of  several  rare  Caxtons,  one  of  which,  a  unique  copy  of  the  Chronicles  of 
England,  of  the  first  edition,  1482,  which  was  found  by  Mr.  Richard  Price  in 
1810,  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Win.  Barnes,  of  Redland  House,  near  Bristol. 
Of  the  books  under  this  section,  a  very  careful  and  particular  description  is 
given  of  the  Decameron,  to  admit  of  its  identification  with  the  copy,  ' '  II 
Decamerone  de  Boccaccio  fol.  M.  G.  Ediz.  Prim.  Venet  Valdarfar,  1471. 
The  extreme  scarcity  of  which  edition  needs  no  proof,  beyond  the  acknow- 
ledged and  recorded  fact  that  after  all  the  fruitless  researches  of  more  than 
three  hundred  years,  not  one  other  perfect  copy  is  yet  known  to  exist."  It 
is  very  curious  also  to  note  the  prices  at  which  this  rare  work  has  changed 
hands  in  the  early  part  of  the  present  century.  It  was  offered  for  sale  at 
the  rooms  of  Mr.  R.  H.  Evans,  the  famous  book  auctioneer,  in  1819.  It  had 
been  bought  by  the  Duke  of  Roxburgh  for  £100,  and  in  1812  was  sold  to  the 
Duke  of  Marlborough  for  £2,200.  At  Mr.  Evans'  sale  it  was  sold,  in  the  trade, 
for  873  guineas  [£915  15s.]  (If  brought  into  the  market  what  would  Mr. 
Quaritch  give  for  it  now  ?)  Many  other  works  of  great  interest  are  treated 
of,  but  we  must  pass  on. 

In  the  section  on  Special  Subjects,  the  class  of  books  first  treated  of  is 
Almanacks.  The  subject  is  very  curious,  and  amusing.  The  earliest  alma- 
nack in  print  is  generally  admitted  to  be  that  of  John  Muller,  of  Monte 
Regio,  which  was  printed  in  Nuremberg  in  1472.  He  gave  the  characters  of 
each  year  and  of  the  months,  and  shewed  the  places  of  the  planets,  and 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  173 

foretold  the  eclipses  30  years  in  advance.  This  almanack,  it  is  said,  sold  for 
ten  crowns  of  gold.  The  author  was  better  known  as  Regiomontanus.  There 
are,  however,  many  early  manuscript  almanacks  in  the  Libraries  of  the 
British  Museum  aud  Corpus  Christi  College,  Cambridge,  and  there  was  a 
very  curious  one  in  the  possession  of  Mr,  Jackson,  of  Exeter,  made  in  the 
reign  of  King  Edward  III.  It  consisted  of  slips  of  parchment  folded  in 
the  shape  of  a  flat  stick  or  lath  in,  it  is  said,  the  Saxon  fashion.  The 
first  account,  however,  which  we  have  of  almanacks  in  this  country,  appears 
in  the  Year  Book  of  King  Henry  VII.,  or  about  fifteen  years  later  than 
that  of  Muller.  The  first  periodical  of  this  description  printed  in  England 
was  issued  from  the  press  of  Wynkyn  de  Worde  in  1508,  which  was 
arranged  for  twelve  years,  since  this  time  a  continuous  stream  of  such 
productions,  continually  swelling  in  number,  may  be  traced  to  our  own  days. 

We  can  refer  only  very  briefly  to  the  contents  of  old  almanacks,  irrespec- 
tive of  the  meteorological  forecast  of  changes  of  weather,  &c,  day  by  day, 
and  predictions  of  eclipses,  &c,  the  writers  indulged  in  Astrological 
prophecies  of  important  political  events,  expressed  in  very  equivocal  language, 
as  sagaciously  recommended  by  the  almanack  maker,  Gardens,  at  the  time 
of  William  III.,  who  observes  that  astrologers  ought  never  to  pronounce  any- 
thing absolutely  or  peremptorily  concerning  future  contingencies,  the  reason 
is  lest  he  bring  himself  and  his  art  under  censure  and  condemnation  if  it 
happen  that  he  take  not  his  measures  truly,  and  the  event  answers  not  his 
prediction.  Poor  Carden  himself,  it  is  said,  having  foretold  his  own  death 
starved  himself  to  prove  the  truth  of  his  own  prediction. 

The  number  of  almanacks  issued  is  amazing.  In  1828  the  stamp  duty  of 
15d.  per  copy  on  English  almanacks  amounted  to  £30,136  3s.  9d.,  shewing 
an  issue  of  451,593  copies.  In  1834  the  stamp  duty  was  removed,  from 
which  time  the  issues  increased.  In  1S39  they  amounted  to  521,000  copies. 
It  is  said  that  of  Murphy's  famous  almanack  alone  75,000  copies  were 
printed  and  70,000  sold.  So  far  as  we  are  aware  there  are  no  means  of 
knowing  the  number  of  almanacks  now  printed,  but  we  know  the  number 
has  vastly  increased. 

The  subject  next  treated  of  is  that  of  Newspapers,  the  discussion  upon 
which  is  extremely  curious  and  interesting.  The  origin  of  newspapers  and 
their  early  history  are  very  obscure,  as  is  also  the  definition  of  what  really  is 
a  newspaper,  but,  practically,  we  know  pretty  well  of  what  a  newspaper 
consists. 

It  has  been  very  difficult  to  determine  in  what  country  newspapers 
were  first  published.  In  England  they  were  first  established  during  the 
great  rebellion  of  the  17th  century,  under  the  title  of  "  Mercuries."  One  at 
least,  "  Mercurius  Aulicus  "was  carried  on  in  behalf  of  the  Royal  cause.  This 
was  first  issued  in  1642.  The  Parliament  had  several,  as  "  Mercurius 
Rusticus,"  &c.,  and,  so  far  as  we  know,  these  were  the  first  genuine  news- 
papers published  in  this  country, 

A  remarkable  incident  in  the  History  of  Newspapers  occurred  at  the  end 
of  the  last  century.  In  1798  was  given  to  the  public,  what  purported  to  be 
a  newspaper,  entitled  "  the  English  Mercury  "  of  158S,  giving  an  account  of 
the  Spanish  Armada.  It  was  received  as  a  genuine  English  Journal,  and 
was  quoted  by  authors  as  an  authority  for  many  years.     It  was  only  in  1839 


174  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications. 

that  the  fraud  was  discovered  and  traced  to  Philipe  York  the  eldest  son  of 
the  first  Earl  of  Hardwick,  the  great  Chancellor.  Philip  succeeded  his 
father  in  the  title  in  1764,  and  died  in  1790.  What  his  motive  could  have  been 
for  this  act  is  a  mystery,  for  he  never  published  the  document  or  made  any 
use  of  it,  though  in  his  library  catalogue  he  treated  it  as  genuine.  News- 
papers were  printed  in  Germany  a  century  before  they  appeared  in  England. 

It  appears  from  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  1731,  that  the  number  of 
newspapers  then  printed  in  England  was  forty  ;  in  America,  two.  In  England 
in  1831,  they  had  increased  to  100.  At  page  160  of  the  volume  before  us,  is 
given  a  table  of  the  circulation  of  London  Journals  in  1833  and  1835,  which 
then  was  enormous,  and  doubtless  is  now  far  greater. 

The  next  subject  treated  of  is  the  origin,  antiquity,  and  use  of  Cards. 
It  has  been  generally  thought  that  they  are  of  great  antiquity,  but  it  is 
stated  in  an  account  of  Playing  Cards,  translated  from  the  French,  that 
cards  were  invented  about  the  year  1390,  for  the  diversion  of  King  Charles 
IX.  of  France,  who  had  fallen  into  state  of  melancholy,  and  this  statement 
is  supported  by  the  following  argument :  1st — That  no  cards  are  to  be  seen 
in  any  sculpture  or  other  work  of  art  of  an  earlier  period,  and  are  frequently 
represented  afterwards.  2nd — That  no  Royal  Edict,  on  Ecclesiastical 
canon  exists  forbidding  the  use  of  cards,  but  later  they  were  strictly 
interdicted  to  the  clergy,  and  by  Royal  edict  to  the  laity,  as  liable  to 
interfere  with  the  manly  exercise  of  the  practise  of  arms,  but  they  were 
sanctioned  as  a  pastime  for  ladies  pro  spinulis,  for  pins  and  needles.  The 
French  consider  their  design  as  representing  the  four  states  oi  classes  of  men 
in  the  kingdom  ;  but  for  the  particulars  of  this  we  must  refer  the  reader  to 
the  volume. 

This  is  followed  by  observations  on  the  works  of  many  eminent  men, 
among  whom,  we  may  mention  those  of  Thomas  Lodge,  Sir  Philip  Sidney, 
Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  and  notes  on  various  class  subjects,  all  written  in  a 
pleasant  and  scholarly  manner,  the  last,  by  the  late  John  Doran,  entitled 
"the  Tailors  measured  by  the  Poets,"  is  replete  with  learning,  wit  and 
humour. 


BARNSTAPLE  and  the  Northern  Part  of  Devonshire  during  the 
Great  Civil  War,  1642-1646.  By  Richard  W.  Cotton.  Privately  printed, 
1889. 

This  is  the  most  interesting  volume.  In  addition  to  a  very  lucid  narrative 
of  the  military  transactions  of  the  civil  war  in  the  south-western  counties, 
especially  in  Devon  and  Cornwall,  it  throws  a  flood  of  light  on  the  social 
condition  and  character  of  the  inhabitants,  and  forms  a  worthy  supplement 
to  the  "Memorials  of  the  Civil  War  in  Herefordshire  and  the  adjacent 
Counties,"  by  the  late  Rev.  John  Webb,  F.S  A.  (noticed  in  Vol.  IV.  of  the 
Transactions  of  this  Society). 

The  authors  of  these  works,  however,  regard  the  subject  matter  upon 
which  they  treat  from  different  points  of  view.  Mr.  Webb  was  thoroughly 
loyal  to  the  cause  of  the  King,  whilst  Mr.  Cotton's  sympathies  evidently 
lean  strongly  to  that  of  the  Parliament,  but  they  severally  seem  to  have 
judged  with  equal  impartiality  both  of  men  and  things. 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  175 

The  work  before  us  primarily  treats  of  the  manner  in  which  the  war, 
and  the  events  arising  out  of  it,  affected  the  little  Devonshire  town  of 
Barnstaple.  We  were  not  prepared  to  rind  the  importance  it  assumed  in 
this  terrible  struggle,  second  to  very  few  towns  in  the  kingdom,  and  Mr. 
Cotton  does  ample  justice  to  the  military  skill,  steady  perseverance,  and 
heroic  defence  made  by  its  inhabitants. 

Mr.  Cotton  divides  his  work  into  four  parts,  not  chronologically,  but 
marked  out  by  certain  distinct  epochs  in  the  history  of  Barnstaple  during 
the  period  from  16-42  to  1646,  inclusive  ;  but  first  he  gives  a  short  introduc- 
tory chapter  detailing  briefly  the  causes  which  led  up  to  this  sanguinary 
struggle.  He  then  takes  up  the  history  of  Barnstaple  from  the  commence- 
ment of  the  war  to  the  surrender  of  the  town  to  Prince  Maurice  on  2nd  Sep. 
1643. 

Barnstaple  was  intensely  Puritan,  and,  of  course,  adopted  the  cause  of 
the  Parliament  against  the  King  with  all  that  rigid  obstinacy  which  might 
be  expected  from  that  party.  Almost  before  any  actual  hostilities  had 
taken  place,  certainly  before  a  single  Royalist  soldier  had  entered  the 
county,  Mr.  Cotton  tells  us,  with  a  precipitancy  which  was  noticed  with 
wonder  at  the  time,  the  corporation  of  Barnstaple,  in  an  evil  hour,  decided 
upon  fortifying  their  town. 

Mr.  Cotton  informs  us  that  of  the  municipal  documents  of  Barnstaple  a 
mass  is  known  to  have  actually  perished,  through  almost  inconceivable 
neglect,  within  comparatively  recent  years.  Those  that  survive,  although 
unusually  rich  and  extending  from  the  14th  century  downwards,  ai'e  in  a 
fragmentary  state,  and  the  records  of  the  period  to  which  this  relation  has 
reference  are  few  and  disconnected.  There  is,  however,  one  book,  called  a 
"  Remembrance  Book,"  of  which  Mr.  Cotton  has  made  considerable  use,  and 
from  this  it  appears  that  the  first  step  actually  taken  towards  the  fortifi- 
cation of  the  town  was  on  the  8th  of  August,  1642.  And  Mr.  Cotton 
remarks  that  the  limited  ideas  which  this  book  betrays  of  the  impending 
demands  upon  the  corporation  consequent  upon  their  adherance  to  the 
Parliamentary  cause  are  amusing.  ' '  It  was  agreed  that  in  this  emergency 
the  mayor  for  the  ensuing  year  shoidd  allow  the  sum  of  -£10  out  of  his  stipend 
of  £30,  and  spare  so  much  cost  at  his  feast  when  he  is  sworn  ! ! "  neverthe- 
less from  this  date  to  the  27th  August  in  the  following  year  the  inhabitants 
raised  and  expended  a  sum  of  nearly  £14,000  upon  the  fortifications  and 
other  expenses  connected  with  the  war  upon  which  they  had  so  recklessly 
embarked.  It  does  not,  however,  appear  that  they  ever  faltered  in  the 
resolution  they  had  adopted. 

It  is  curious  to  observe  the  growth  of  the  proceedings  for  the  defence  of 
the  town.  The  clouds  began  to  gather,  and  the  next  step  was  to  strengthen 
the  old  night-watch,  and  a  score  of  the  most  substantial  of  the  inhabitants 
volunteered  to  serve  on  it  in  turn.  Others  undertook  each  to  furnish  a 
musket,  and  besides  this  a  dozen  new  muskets  were  ordered  to  be  bought 
"  att  the  charge  of  the  towne  with  snappanges,"  which,  Mr.  Cotton  informs 
us  was  a  newly  invented  spring-fire-lock,  which  had  been  recently  introduced 
from  Holland."  James  (Mil.  Diet.)  describes  a  Snaphange  as  "  a  gun  which 
tired  without  a  match."  A  committee  was  also  appointed  "to  pceed  on  to 
finish  and  pfect  the  fortifications.  Mr.,  otherwise  Captain  Penfound  Curry, 
a  buccaneering  captain  who  had  carried  letters  of  marque,  was  engaged  at  a 


176  Notices  of  Recent  Arch.kological  Publications. 

salary  of  £30  a  year  to  drill  a  Train  Band  and  the  Volunteers,  and  to  order 
the  watch. 

The  lower  classes,  and  some  few  of  the  gentry  in  Devonshire,  were  in 
feeling  strongly  Puritanical,  and  hence  sympathisers  with  the  Parliamentary 
party.  When  the  Earl  of  Bath,  who  had  been  appointed  by  the  King 
Commissioner  of  Array  for  Devon,  proceeded  to  execute  his  commission  at 
South  Molton,  supported  by  the  principal  gentry  of  the  county,  he  was 
assailed  by  a  disorderly  mob  of  a  1000  men,  women,  and  children,  armed 
with  scythes,  bill-hooks,  pitch-forks  and  all  kinds  of  rustic  weapons,  and 
compelled,  at  the  peril  of  his  life,  to  desist.  Lord  Chandos,  in  similar 
circumstances,  had  been  treated  in  like  manner  at  Cirencester  three  weeks 
previously,  and  the  Marquis  of  Hertford,  who  was  sent  with  a  similar  com- 
mission into  Somersetshire,  failed  to  execute  it.  He  succeeded,  however,  in 
raising  a  small  body  of  troops,  but  rinding  the  general  feeling  of  the  district 
too  much  opposed  to  him  he  embarked  at  Minehead  for  Wales,  and  his 
troops  proceeded  into  Cornwall  under  the  command  of  Sir  John  Digby. 

The  quietude  of  Cornwall  had  been  disturbed  by  the  proceedings  on  her 
borders.  Sir  Bevil  Grenville  had  now  (August)  adopted  the  Royalist  cause 
and  united  with  the  loyal  Cornish  gentry  in  endeavouring  to  execute  the 
Commission  of  Array  at  Launceston,  in  which  they  were  opposed  by  the 
local  Parliamentary  committee,  through  whose  influence  Sir  Ralph  Hopton 
and  his  troopers  at  the  Michaelmas  Quarter  Sessions,  held  at  Bodmin,  was 
presented  in  ordinary  form  of  law  by  the  Grand  Jury  as  divers  men, 
unknown,  who  were  lately  come  armed  into  that  county  contra  pacem,  &c. 
The  tables  were  turned,  however,  when  Sir  Ralph  appeared  to  the  present- 
ment, and  quietly  produced  his  commission.  The  Cornish  proclivities,  not- 
withstanding this  show  of  opposition,  were  as  overwhelmingly  Royalist  as 
those  of  Devonshire  were  Parliamentarian.  Through  the  action  of  the 
Sheriff,  Francis  Basset,  afterwards  knighted,  himself  a  Royalist,  the  posse 
comitatis  was  raised,  and  by  these  means  in  a  few  days  about  3000  foot  of 
trained  militia  were  got  together,  and  appeared  before  Launceston,  then 
occupied  by  the  Parliamentarians,  who  immediately  evacuated  the  place. 
Sir  Ralph  intended  to  march  eastward,  but  the  Cornish  men,  being  in  fact 
the  Sheriff's  men,  lefused  to  go  out  of  their  own  county,  as  they  had  a 
perfect  right  to  do,  and  the  army  quickly  melted  away,  and  the  work  had 
to  be  begun  afresh. 

The  general  course  of  this  unhappy  internecine  war  is  too  well  known  to 
need  our  following  Mr.  Cotton  through  his  narrative,  though  there  are  some 
details  of  great  interest  which  he  has  brought  more  strongly  into  light  :  e.g. 
the  Battle  of  Modbury.  Whilst  the  general  struggle  was  being  contested 
elsewhere,  and  at  a  distance,  the  two  sister  counties  of  Devon  and  Cornwall, 
for  such  in  fact  they  may  well  be  called,  for  through  continual  intermarriages 
the  ancient  gentry  were  all  more  or  less  related,  had  a  small  but  vigorous  war 
between  themselves.  Mr.  Cotton,  from  his  local  knowledge,  has  described 
the  sites  of  the  various  battles  and  skirmishes  in  a  very  graphic  manner,  and 
his  relations  of  the  incidents  of  the  actions  are  given  with  greater  spirit  and 
vigour  than  is  usually  found  from  a  non -military  pen.  This  is  strongly 
marked  in  his  description  of  the  famous  Battle  of  Stratton,  in  which  the 
men  of  Devon  and  Cornwall  were  arrayed  against  each  other,  and  the  latter 


Notices  of  .Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  177 

obtained  a  complete  victory,  The  discomfiture  and  annihilation  of  the 
Parliamentary  army  produced  the  greatest  alarm  in  Barnstaple.  Money 
was  immediately  raised  to  strengthen  the  defences,  but  the  town  very  soon 
afterwards  surrendered  to  Prince  Maurice,  who  granted  the  inhabitants  very 
favourable  terms,  which  was  acknowledged  by  the  Mayor  and  Corporation 
in  a  letter  to  the  Prince,  which  Mr.  Cotton  says  "  can  only  be  characterised 
as  abject  and  hypocritical."  Mr.  Cotton's  remark  upon  this  letter  would, 
at  first  sight,  appear  to  be  very  harsh,  but  subsequent  events  proved  him  to 
be  justified,  at  least  as  far  hypocrisy  was  concerned. 

Part  II.  of  the  work  embraces  the  period  from  the  surrender  of  Barn- 
staple to  Prince  Maurice  to  its  revolt  to  the  parliament,  2nd  Sept.  1643,  to 
•26th  June,  1644.  In  the  last  few  days  of  June,  1644,  during  the  absence  of 
the  few  Royalist  horse  which  had  been  stationed  at  Barnstaple,  and  had 
been  withdrawn  to  act  as  an  escort  of  the  Queen  in  her  flight  from  Exeter 
in  terror  on  the  approach  of  Essex  and  his  army,  the  opportunity  was  taken 
by  the  townsmen  to  raise  a  revolt.  It  appears  to  be  very  evident,  however, 
that  this  was  not  a  sudden  ebulition.  but  had  been  secretly  plotted  for 
some  time  previously,  and  that  the  conspirators  only  awaited  a  favourable 
opportunity. 

Intelligence  of  the  petty  rebellion  very  quickly  reached  Prince  Maurice, 
who  was  then  at  Exeter  in  attendance  upon  the  Queen.  Major  Paget  was 
immediately  sent  with  a  party  to  prevent  disturbances,  but  these  disturbances 
had  already  arisen.  Major  Paget  attempted  to  enter  the  town,  but  finding  the 
townsmen  up  in  arms  he  withdrew  to  await  support.  Sir  John  Digby 
was  sent  to  his  assistance  with  a  strong  reinforcement,  and  the  combined 
troops,  numbering  some  500  or  600  strong,  with  great  difficulty  fought  their 
way  into  the  town.  The  townsmen  offered  a  gallant  resistance.  The  struggle 
in  the  streets  was  a  very  obstinate  one,  but  resulted  in  the  defeat  and 
repulse  of  the  assailants  with  considerable  loss.  Mr.  Cotton  gives  a  very 
vivid  account  of  this  fight,  for  which  we  must  refer  to  his  pages. 

Mr.  Cotton  observes  that  during  the  few  weeks  in  which  Barnstaple  was 
held  by  the  Parliamentary  troops  we  are  absolutely  without  any  written 
record  of  the  state  of  affairs  within  it.  Indeed,  he  says,  "  that  of  all  the 
incidents  of  the  Civil  War  in  Devonshire,  those  which  have  received  the 
least  illustration  from  the  local  historian  are  the  military  operations  which 
affected  the  county  in  the  latter  part  of  the  summer  of  1644."  We  all  know 
that  the  army  of  Essex,  which  had  followed  the  King  into  Cornwall,  was  in 
a  desperate  condition,  and  that  he  was  imploring  the  parliament  for  help 
which  it  could  not  give  him,  and  that  he  was  shut  tip  as  in  a  cul  de  titc  at 
Fowey.  On  the  31st  August,  however,  through  some  negligence  on  the  part 
of  the  Royalist  officers,  a  large  portion  of  Essex's  horse  managed  to  escape 
through  the  lines,  led  by  Sir  William  Balfour,  and  the  following  day  the 
remainder  of  the  force  surrendered  upon  favourable  conditions.  Orders  were 
promptly  given  to  the  Royalist  commanders  in  Devonshire  to  use  every  effort 
to  intercept  Essex's  fugitive  cavalry,  and  North  Devon  became  a  scene  of 
the  utmost  turmoil.  Middleton,  the  Parliamentary  general  in  Devon,  was 
believed  to  be  somewdiere  in  the  county  with  a  large  force,  and  Goring  was 
cautioned  not  to  follow  the  pursuit  too  near  him.  Middleton  meanwhile  had 
marched  across  the  county  and  threw  himself  into  Barnstaple  with  2000 

Vol.  XIV.  >' 


ITS  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications. 

horse.  Essex's  horse,  which  had  escaped  from  Cornwall,  marched  to  Crediton, 
where  they  divided  into  two  parties,  one  making  its  escape  toward  Lyme, 
and  the  other  joined  Middleton  at  Barnstaple.  Interesting  as  these  marches 
and  counter-marches  are,  as  related  by  Mr.  Cotton,  we  cannot  follow  them, 
but  must  confine  our  view  to  Barnstaple.  It  is  obvious  that  that  little  town, 
with  surrounding  country  scoured  by  the  Royalist  troops,  could  not  support 
a  garrison  of  some  3000  horse  besides  foot  soldiers,  and  Middleton  and 
Balfour  had  to  make  their  escape,  as  they  succeeded  in  doing  across  Exmoor 
Forest  to  Taunton,  leaving  Barnstaple  to  its  fate. 

As  to  the  miserable  condition  of  Essex's  discomfitted  and  demoralised 
foot  soldiers  making  their  way  through  Devonshire,  we  must  refer  to  Mr. 
Cotton's  work.  Our  task  is  with  Barnstaple.  After  the  departure  of 
Middleton's  and  Balfour's  cavalry  it  was  left  with  a  garrison  of  about  600 
foot  soldiers.  In  consequence  of  the  fortifications  having  been  quite  neglected 
during  the  Parliamentarian  occupation,  and,  moreover,  being  unprovided 
with  ammunition,  it  was  naturally  indefensible.  In  these  circumstances 
overtures  were  made  to  General  Goring  by  the  Mayor  and  Corporation  for 
the  surrender  of  the  town  to  the  King,  and  on  the  12th  Sept.  1644,  Goring 
in  form  sent  in  a  summons  to  the  Mayor  to  surrender,  and  after  some 
negotiations,  terms,  very  favourable  to  the  town,  were  agreed  upon  on  the 
17th,  and  the  place  was  evacuated  by  the  Parliamentary  garrison  the  same 
day.     This  ends  the  third  section  of  Mr.  Cotton's  work. 

The  fourth  and  last  part,  covering  the  period  from  Sept.  17th,  1644,  to 
14th  April,  1646,  though  by  no  means  the  least  interesting,  we  must,  for  the 
want  of  space,  pass  over  very  lightly,  having  already  exceeded  our  usual 
limits.  The  war  raged  very  hotly  in  Devon  during  the  winter  of  1645-6, 
but  the  Royal  army  was  grievously  disorganised  in  consequence  of  the 
jealously,  quarrels,  and  insuboixlination  of  the  principal  officers.  In  the 
hope  of  being  able  to  heal  these  differences  and  create  a  better  feeling  the 
King  commissioned  the  young  Prince  of  Wales,  though  only  15  years  of  age, 
as  Generalissimo  of  the  whole  of  his  army  in  Devon  and  Cornwall,  to  act 
with  a  council  of  experienced  officers,  but  it  seems  not  to  have  attained  the 
object  the  King  desired.  It  led,  however,  to  one  of  the  most  striking 
incidents  relating  to  Barnstaple,  as  the  Prince  for  a  time  made  the  town  his 
head-quarters  and  kept  a  sort  of  court  there  for  about  a  month,  until  the 
country  became  so  much  disturbed  that  Barnstaple  was  thought  no  longer 
safe  for  him,  and  he  retired  to  Tavistock. 

We  must,  however,  make  a  brief  digression  to  the  surrender  of  the  town 
to  the  King  and  the  circumstances  arising  out  of  it.  Although  it  was 
provided  by  the  Articles  of  Capitulation  that  the  town  "should  be  free 
from  plunder,"  and  that  no  new  garrison  should  be  put  into  it,"  it  was  not 
unlikely  that  when  the  Royal  troops  entered  the  place  upon  its  evacuation 
they  could  not  be  altogether  restrained  from  the  first  offence.  This,  un- 
doubtedly, was  technically  a  breach  of  the  Articles,  and  excited  the  rebellious 
and  rancorous  feelings  which  still  lurked  in  the  breasts  of  some  of  the 
inhabitants,  and  led  to  disorders  and  acts  of  violence.  This  caused  Six- 
John  Berkeley,  then  Governor  of  Exeter  and  commander  of  the  Royal  forces 
in  the  district,  to  send  his  lieutenant,  Sir  Allen  Apsley,  with  a  small  body 
of    troops,   as   Governor  of    Barnstaple,   to   repress   existing  disorders  and 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  179 

preserve  peace  in  future.  This  was  another  grievance  to  the  townspeople, 
and  tended  to  increase  their  dissatisfaction.  Sir  Allen  is  represented  as 
arrogant  and  imperious.  He  was  young,  and  probably  hot-headed  and 
indiscreet,  but  upon  the  whole  he  seems  to  have  acted  fairly  well.  He  set 
to  work  vigorously  to  restore  the  fortifications  of  the  town  ;  the  great  fort 
was  converted  into  a  sort  of  citadel  to  hold  a  body  of  troops,  the  castle 
works  were  also  strengthened,  and  both  strongholds  were  provisioned, 
equipped,  and  made  capable  of  withstanding  a  siege,  which  it  eventually  did, 
after  an  assault,  for  49  days  under  the  direction  of  the  most  renowned  and 
able  of  the  Parliamentary  generals,  among  whom  were  the  renowned  Admiral 
Blake  and  the  scarcely  less  famous  Major-General  and  Admiral  Richard 
Deane. 

The  town  surrendered  to  General  Fairfax  on  the  14th  April  1646,  which, 
coupled  with  the  defeat  of  the  army  under  Lord  Hopton,  virtually  closed 
the  war  in  the  west,  and  released  the  army  of  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax  for  final 
operations,  which  brought  this  unnatural  war  to  a  close  and  led  to  more 
tragical  events. 

POPULAR  COUNTY  HISTORY.— A  History  of  Cumberland.  By 
Richard  S.  Ferguson,  M.A.,  LL.M.,  F.S.A.,  Chancellor  of  Carlisle,  &c,  &c. 
London  :  Elliot  Stock,  62,  Paternoster  Row,  1890. 

No  gentleman  could  have  been  selected  for  the  preparation  of  this  volume  so 
well  qualified  as  the  learned  Chancellor  of  Carlisle,  and  the  result  is  what 
might  be  expected  from  one  so  intimately  acquainted  with  the  county  and 
so  able  as  he.  The  volume,  therefore,  is  of  more  than  usual  interest,  though 
its  author  simply  describes  it  as  an  attempt  to  discharge  the  function  of  a 
General  Introduction  to  an  old-fashioned  County  History  in  two  or  three 
quarto  volumes. 

After  giving  a  description  of  the  situation  of  the  county  and  its  boun- 
daries the  Chancellor  offers  some  remarks  upon  the  pre-historic  inhabitants, 
leading  his  readers  on  to  the  Celtic  migration,  of  which,  with  Messrs. 
Freeman  &  Sullivan,  he  considers  there  were  two  waves  ;  so  that  the  Romans 
on  their  arrival  found  the  district  of  Cumberland  occupied  by  three  distinct 
races  of  men,  but  the  Celtic  immigrants  dispossessed  the  pre-historic  men, 
or  absorbed  them,  and  occupied  the  district  under  the  name  of  the  Brigantes. 
These  again  were  eventually  conquered  by  the  Romans.  An  interesting 
account  is  given  of  the  Roman  occupation,  tracing  the  various  roads  con- 
structed by  that  people,  and  describing  their  forts  and  towers,  but  of  this 
class  of  antiquities  the  most  interesting  is  the  author's  account  of  the  great 
Barrier  of  Hadrian,  the  trail  of  the  Roman  wall,  which  extended  from 
Bowness,  on  the  Solway,  to  Wallsend,  on  the  Tyne,  a  distance  of  73|  miles, 
and  having  stations,  castles,  and  watch  towers  at  an  average  distance  from 
each  other  of  about  four  miles  along  the  whole  distance.  This  wall,  however, 
was  only  a  portion  of  a  vast  system  of  defence  which  embraced  all  Cum- 
berland. For  about  four  centuries  the  Romans  ruled  the  country.  About 
the  middle  of  the  fourth  century  the  northern  part  of  Roman  Britain  was 
greatly  harrassed  by  inroads  of  the  Picts  and  Scots,  and  towards  the  end  of 
that  century  these  people  formed  a  league  with  the  Attacotti  and  the 
Saxons  on  the  south-eastern  coast.     The  Roman  Empire  was  tottering  to 


ISO  Notices  of  Recent  Akcii.eotxioic.w.  Publications. 

its  fall.  It  was  pressed  on  every  side  and  divided  in  itself,  the  generals, 
severally,  contending  for  the  Imperial  power.  Eventually,  about  the  middle 
of  the  fifth  century,  so  great  were  the  necessities  of  the  empire  nearer 
home,  that  all  the  legions  were  withdrawn  from  Britain,  and  with  them 
all  the  flower  of  the  British  youth. 

During  the  intricacies  of  the  Saxon  period  and  the  introduction  of 
Christianity,  Mr.  Ferguson  steers  his  way.  His  relation  is  very  concise  and 
of  great  interest,  but  our  own  limited  space  forbids  us  from  following  him, 
and  we  must  pass  on  to  the  Danish  invasion.  BTalfdene  was  the  Danish 
leader,  who  ravaged  Cumberland  and  destroyed  Carlisle,  burning  the  town, 
throwing  down  the  walls,  and  killing  man,  woman  and  child,  the  inhabitants 
there  then  being  numerous.  And  in  this  state  it  is  said  Carlisle  remained  200 
years  without  an  inhabitant.  The  monks  of  the  abbey  were  driven  out,  and 
were  accompanied  by  Eadred  the  Abbot,  carrying  with  them  the  body 
of  St,  Cuthbert,  with  which  they  traversed  the  six  northern  counties  for 
seven  years,  seeking  a  place  of  rest  and  finding  none,  until,  at  last,  the 
Saint's  remains  were  deposited  at  Durham. 

The  anarchy  which  arose  in  Northumbria  after  the  death  of  King 
Eagfrith — the  dismemberment  of  that  powerful  kingdom — the  invasion  of 
the  Danes  and  the  settlement  of  a  colony  of  that  people — the  Conquest  of 
the  British  Kingdom  of  Cumbria,  which  included  Cumberland,  by  Edmund 
King  of  the  West  Saxons,  and  his  grant  of  the  county  to  Malcolm  I.,  King 
of  the  Scots,  on  the  condition  that  he  should  become  the  ally  of  England  by 
land  and  sea,  especially  against  the  Danes,  we  pass  over,  and  refer  the 
reader  to  the  interesting  particulars  in  Chancellor  Ferguson's  work,  and  to 
a  valuable  Paper  on  the  Early  History  of  Cumberland,  by  Mr.  John  Hodge- 
son  Hinde  in  the  Archceoloyieal  Journal,  Vol.  XVI. ,  page  217.  Cumberland 
thus  became  a  fief  of  the  English  crown. 

Malcolm  II.,  however,  appears  to  have  allowed  the  Danes  to  establish  a 
colony  within  his  dominions,  and  this,  or  some  other  offence,  led  Ethelred, 
the  over-lord  of  Cumbria,  in  a.d.  1000,  to  overrun  and  devastate  the  county 
and  seize  it  into  his  own  hands.  There  is  much  difference  of  opinion 
among  authorities  upon  this  question.  Mr.  E.  A.  Freeman,  however,  sug- 
gests that  "we  have  here  lighted  on  the  clue  to  the  great  puzzle  of  Cumbrian 
ethnology."  He  says  "  that  Cumberland  and  Westmoreland  are  to  this 
day  largely  Scandinavian  needs  no  proof  ;  but  we  have  no  record  of  the 
process  by  which  they  became  so."  He  adds,  "this  is  the  only  mention  of 
a  Danish  colonization  by  any  historian,  but  this  occupation  has  not  passed 
away  without  leaving  traces  behind,  both  in  the  language  of  the  people  and 
in  the  nomenclature  of  the  district,"  and  this  view  is  confirmed  by  the 
author  (pp.  153  and  159).  In  what  manner  the  quarrel  between  the  over- 
lord and  the  vassal  King  was  adjusted  does  not  appear.  But,  as  at  an  early 
period,  as  stated  by  Mr.  Hodgson-Hinde,  all  the  Cumbrian  territory  south  of 
the  Solway  had  been  severed  from  the  rest  of  Malcolm's  possessions,  it  would, 
we  think,  seem  probable  that  it  occurred  at  this  time.  The  severed  district, 
the  author  tells  us,  was  overrun  in  1070  by  Gospatric,  Earl  of  Northumber- 
land, in  revenge  for  the  devastation  of  Teesdale  by  the  Scots.  The  Earl, 
though  shortly  afterwards  deprived  of  his  Earldom  and  a  fugitive  at 
Malcolm's  court,  seems  to  have  been  able  to  put  his  son  Dolfin  into  possess- 
ion of  the  district  wrenched  from  Malcolm,  but  it  is  suggested  that  Malcolm 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Pcblications.  181 

might  have  so  placed  him  for  purposes  of  his  own.  In  the  year  1092  William 
Rufus,  without  any  known  cause,  sent  an  army  into  Cumbria,  dispossessed 
Dolfin,  and  annexed  the  territory  to  the  English  crown,  and  the  Saxon 
Chronicle,  under  this  date,  states  that  "William  placed  a  garrison  in  Carlisle 
and  returned  to  the  south,  and  sent  thither  a  great  number  of  churlish  folk 
with  wives  and  cattle  that  they  might  settle  there  and  till  the  ground." 

It  is  found  that  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I.  the  land  of  Carlisle  was  in  the 
possession  of  Ranulf  de  Meschines,  but  whether  by  the  gift  of  the  King  or  by 
that  of  his  brother  Rufus  is  questionable.  It  is,  however,  clear  that  Ranulf 
devoted  a  large  portion  of  it  to  the  foundation  of  the  Priory  of  Witheral. 
Mr.  Ferguson  considers  that  the  grant  conveyed  Palatine  jurisdiction,  like 
the  Earldom  of  Chester  and  others,  in  which,  according  to  Bishop  Stubbs, 
the  Earls  were  endowed  with  the  superiority  of  whole  counties,  so  that  all 
the  landowners  held  feudally  of  them,  in  which  they  received  the  whole 
profits  of  the  courts  and  exercised  all  the  jure  regalia  or  royal  rights, 
nomination  of  sheriffs,  and  held  their  own  councils  and  acted  as  independent 
princes,  save  the  obligation  of  homage  and  fealty  to  the  King. 

Ranulf  married  Lucia,  daughter  of  Ivo  Talboise,  Earl  of  Angiers,  by 
Lucia,  daughter  and  heir  of  Thorold,  Lord  of  Spalding,  co.  Lincoln,  and 
relict  of  Roger  de  Romara,  by  which  he  acquired  vast  possessions  in  addition 
to  those  granted  to  him  by  the  King.  He  parcelled  out  the  most  exposed 
part  of  the  land  of  Carlisle  into  three  baronies  :  viz.,  Gilsland,  Lyddale,  and 
Burgh  by  Sands,  and  when  Hen.  I.  resumed  possession  of  the  land  of  Carlisle 
and  constituted  Cumberland  and  Westmorland  counties,  he  carved  five  ad- 
ditional baronies  out  of  Cumberland,  an  account  of  all  which  is  given  by  the 
author,  together  with  the  devolution  of  the  baronies  and  a  description  of  the 
Forest  of  Inglewood  and  of  the  City  of  Carlisle. 

The  settlement  of  Cumberland  was  interrupted  on  the  death  of  Henry  I. 
by  the  civil  war  between  the  Empress  Maud,  on  behalf  of  her  son,  and 
Stephen  of  Blois,  who,  notwithstanding  his  oath  of  allegiance  to  King 
Henry's  daughter,  had  usurped  the  throne.  This  usurpation  was  so  sudden 
and  unexpected  that  for  a  time  it  was  submitted  to.  The  old  King  of  Scots, 
only,  took  up  arms  on  behalf  of  his  niece,  but  he  was  pacified  by  the  surren- 
der of  Cumberland  and  Westmorland,  to  the  possession  of  which  he  had, 
personally,  strong  claims,  though  he  refused  to  do  homage  to  Stephen  because 
of  his  oath  to  Matilda.  Henry  his  son  did  homage  instead  of  his  father,  and 
assumed  the  title  of  Prince  of  Cumberland.  This  arrangement  did  not  last 
long.  In  3rd  Henry  II.  Cumberland  was  recovered  to  the  Crown  of  England, 
though  not  without  some  compensation,  for  to  the  Scots  were  conceded  all 
the  crown  demesnes  in  Cumberland  with  the  exception  of  the  City  of 
Carlisle. 

Of  the  municipal  history  of  this  city  Chancellor  Ferguson  gives  us  a  very 
interesting  account,  referring  to  the  ancient  charters  under  which  it  enjoyed 
divers  privileges  and  franchises,  and  to  the  bye-laws  for  the  governance  of 
the  community,  which  give  us  a  clear  insight  into  the  municipal  life  in 
Carlisle  in  mediaeval  times. 

The  remaining  chapters  of  the  work,  though  very  interesting,  are  written 
with  great  brevity,  and  afford  us  little  information  beyond  what  can  be 
gathered  from  general  history.  There  is,  however,  one  incident  which  may 
have  special  interest  to  most  of  our  readers,  especially  as  it  has  not,  as  far 


182  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications. 

as  we  know,  been  noticed  by  any  of  the  Gloucestershire  historians.  We 
allude  to  the  case  of  Thomas  Merks,  Bishop  of  Carlisle.  He  was  a  monk  at 
Westminster,  and  was  advanced  to  the  Bishopric  of  Carlisle  in  1397.  If  he 
was  not  remarkable  for  anything  else  he  was  remarkable  for  his  loyalty  to 
King  Richard  II.  Bishop  Merks  was  the  only  person  in  parliament  to  protest 
against  the  deposition  of  that  unfortunate  sovereign.  For  this  he  was 
deprived  of  his  Bishopric  in  1399.  He  was  afterwards  appointed  Vicar  of 
Sturihinster  Newton,  in  Dorsetshire,  and  on  13th  August,  1404,  upon  the 
presentation  of  the  Abbot  and  Convent  of  Westminster,  he  was  instituted  to 
the  Rectory  of  Toddenham,  in  Gloucestershire.  He  died  in  140S,  for  on 
13th  January,  140S-9,  one  Robert  lily,  alias  Weston,  was  instituted  to  the 
vacancy  caused  by  his  death. 


Cljr 


(3f  Tf^    /if  both  in  Latyn  and  Englyshe  :  being  a  facsimile  reprint 


of  the  earliest  extant  English  Reading  Book,  with  an 
Introduction  by  E.  S.  Shuckburgh,  M.A.,  Librarian  of  Emmanuel  College. 
London  :  Elliot  Stock,  02,  Paternoster  Row,  1889. 

This  little  book  is  a  photographical  facsimile  of  what  is  believed  to  be  a 
unique  specimen  of  the  ABC  Primers  published  soon  after  the  breach  with 
Rowe,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  The  original  is  in  the  library  of  Em- 
manuel College,  Cambridge.  It  is  not  dated,  but  the  colophon  describes 
it  as  "  Imprynted  at  London  in  Paules  Chyrch  yard  at  the  sygne  of  the 
Mayden's  head  by  Thomas  Petyt."  This  Thomas  Petyt  is  supposed  to  have 
been  a  relative  of  a  famous  French  printer,  John  Petyt,  who  worked  in 
London  from  1536  to  1554.  This  A  B  C,  it  is  supposed,  may  probably  be 
regarded  as  an  Introduction  to  a  larger  Primer,  and  the  late  Mr.  Henry 
Bagshaw,  in  a  Paper  read  before  the  Cambridge  Antiquarian  Society  in  1875, 
said  he  was  satisfied  it  must  have  been  printed  about  1538.  In  this  year 
was  printed  by  John  Petyt,  under  the  King's  injunctions,  the  first  English 
Primer  to  which  this  A  B  C  is  supposed  to  have  been  intended  as  an  Intro- 
duction, but  it  was  not  so  used.  In  the  Introduction  to  ,the  authorised 
book,  it  is  recited  as  being  most  essential  that  the  multitude  of  Christians 
should  learn  by  heart  the  ten  commandments,  the  cieeds  and  the  Lord's 
prayer,  called  the  Pater  Noster.  It  was  intended  as  an  elementary  reading 
book,  a  first  book  of  religious  instruction  for  children,  as  well  as  of  ordinary 
prayers  for  adults.  Mr.  Bradshaw  called  it  "  The  Layman's  Prayer  Book," 
and  Mr.  Masked  describes  it  as  essentially  "  The  Prayer  Book  of  the  Laity." 
In  this  A  B  C,  however,  the  Ave  Maria  appears,  but  the  ten  commandments 
are  omitted. 

"This  book,  then,  is  the  earliest  known  specimen  of  this  class  of  un- 
authorised primers  containing  the  alphabet  and  the  prayers  and  elementary 
religious  formularies  used  in  the  teaching  of  children  and  the  daily  life  of 
home."     Godless  Board  Schools  did  not  then  exist! 

Mr.  Stock  has  had  the  little  work  tastefully  printed  on  thick  hand-made 
paper,  and  it  is  a  little  gem  of  its  kind. 


Notices  of  Recent  Arch.eological  Publications.  183 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  CLIFTON  ANTIQUARIAN  CLUB  for  1884-88. 
Vol.  1.  Edited  by  Alfred  E.  Hudd,  F.S.A.,  Hon.  Secretary.  Bristol  : 
Printed  for  the  Club  by  J.  Wright  &  Co.,  188S. 

This  little  Society,  which  is  limited  to  fifty  ordinary  members,  has  recently 
issued  its  first  volume  of  Proceedings,  which  is  exceedingly  well  got  up,  and 
contains  many  very  excellent  Papers.  Where  all  are  so  good  it  is  difficult, 
and  may  appear  invidious,  to  select  any  for  special  notice.  We  cannot 
refrain,  however,  from  calling  attention  to  some  few  :  e.g.,  The  first  Paper 
in  the  volume  is  a  pleasing  and  fanciful  one  by  Mr.  John  Taylor,  the  City 
Librarian,  "  On  Anglo-Norman  Doorways."  A  more  substantial  Paper  is 
communicated  by  Lieut. -Colonel  Bramble,  "On  Mediaeval  Armour."  The 
different  fashions  of  armour  which  prevailed  at  different  periods  in  England 
from  the  Norman  Conquest  until  the  time  when  defensive  armour  was 
altogether  abandoned,  though  distinct  enough  in  their  character,  are  little 
understood,  and  the  most  ridiculous  anachronisms  have  arisen,  and  Colonel 
Bramble  has  very  judiciously  given  a  series  of  figures  shewing  at  one  glance 
the  succession  of  the  several  styles,  and  the  period  during  which  they  were 
respectively  in  vogue.  The  student  therefore  has  an  opportunity  of  com- 
paring one  style  with  another,  a  method  of  instruction  more  effective  than 
much  writing.  Mr.  Francis  Fox  Tuckett,  F.R.G.S.,  has  contributed  some 
very  interesting  "Notes  on  Ancient  Norwegian  Wooden  Churches,  with 
some  notices  of  similar  early  structures  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  ;"  and 
by  the  same  author  there  is  a  still  more  striking  Paper  of  great  interest 
"  On  some  Optical  Peculiarities  of  Ancient  Painted  Glass."  Poets  have 
written  in  glowing  terms  of  the  lustrous  colours  shed  by  the  moon  through 
the  storied  windows  of  a  church  or  hall,  but  Mr.  Tuckett,  from  personal 
observation,  had  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that,  so  far  as  ancient  glass  is 
concerned,  it  is  no  more  than  a  poet's  dream  ;  for  that  ancient  glass,  however 
rich  and  gorgeous  its  colours  may  still  appear  to  the  eye,  no  appreciable 
trace  of  them  can  be  detected  on  the  walls,  floors,  or  columns  of  a  building, 
even  ^when  its  ancient  painted  windows  are  most  illuminated  by  the  sun 
himself  in  his  highest  splendour,  and  he  relates  that  being  at  a  dinner  party 
during  the  Meeting  of  the  British  Association  in  Birmingham  in  lS8b",  on 
alluding  to  this  fact  he  was  laughed  at  and  chaffed  by  some  distinguished 
lights  in  science,  and  that  having  but  a  small  array  of  facts  then  at  his 
command  he  might  have  modestly  collapsed  had  not  his  friend,  Dr.  Sebastian 
Evans,  who  happened  to  be  present,  after  allowing  the  sceptics  to  commit 
themselves  fully,  come  to  the  rescue  in  the  most  effectual  manner,  justifying 
his  own  right  to  speak  on  such  a  subject  with  some  authority,  on  the  ground 
of  having  been  for  seven  years  manager  of  Messrs.  Chance's  Glass  Works. 
He  pronounced  Mr.  Tuckett's  statement  to  be  absolutely  correct  ;  adding, 
further,  that  he  had,  on  behalf  of  that  firm,  devoted  several  months  to 
studying  and  drawing  the  famous  windows  (mostly  13th  century)  of  Chartres 
Cathedral,  and  that  the  one  infallible  method  of  distinguishing  between  the 
ancient  glass  and  the  more  modern  insertions  was  to  allow  the  sunlight  to 
stream  through  the  windows  upon  a  sheet  of  paper  fastened  on  a  board,  when 
any  resultant  spots  of  colour  corresponded  exclusively  with  the  more  recent 
additions." 

It  is  very  singular  that  clergymen  and  others,  who  for  years  have  been 
constantly   about   churches    having  windows  of   ancient   glass,  should  not 


184  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications. 

have  been  familiar  with  this  interesting  fact  now  brought  under  notice.  It 
shews  how  very  unobservant  we  most  of  us  are  of  facts  constantly  before  our 
eyes. 

Mr.  Tuckett  points  out  in  great  detail  the  causes  of  this  remarkable 
phenomenon.  It  arises,  he  says,  from  decay  of  the  surface  of  the  glass  from 
chemical  and  other  causes,  upon  the  details  of  which  we  have  not  space  to 
enter,  but  the  effect  upon  ancient  glass,  even  on  a  sunny  day,  is  equivalent 
to  that  caused  on  a  gloomy  day  in  the  case  of  modern  glass.  The  difference 
is  so  distinct  as  to  afford  a  valuable  and  easy  test  of  the  age  of  glass  in 
regard  to  the  broad  question  of  its  being  ancient  or  modern.  There  is  an 
unfortunate  instance,  Mr.  Tuckett  remarks,  at  Fairford,  which  affords  a 
specially  good  test.  When  the  old  glass  of  the  great  west  window  was  sent 
away  for  restoration  it  literally  never  was  restored  at  all,  but  an  entirely 
new  production  took  its  place,  whilst  the  ancient  glass  still  remains  in  the 
lower  and  larger  division,  and  illustrates  the  correctness  of  Mr.  Tuckett's 
theory.  Other  examples  may  be  seen  in  the  Major's  Chapel,  Bristol,  and 
elsewhere. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Club  on  the  20th  Dec.  1887,  the  Rev.  The  Honorable 
Walter  J.  Clifford,  8. J.,  exhibited  a  remarkable  collection  of  coloured 
drawings,  photographs,  engravings,  and  other  illustrations  of  copes  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  a  description  of  which  is  printed  in  the  Proceedings, 
to  which  is  appended  Notes  on  the  stitches  employed  in  the  embroidery  of 
s.ueh  copes,  by  Mrs.  Bagnall-Oakeley. 

The  Hon.  Secretary,  Mr.  A.  E.  Hudd,  F.S.A.,  concludes  the  volume  with 
a  very  able  and  interesting  "History  of  the  Hospital  of  St.Katherine,  Bright- 
bow  (Bedminster),  near  Bristol,"  in  which  he  traces  its  devolution  from  its 
foundation  by  Robert  (in)  Lord  Berkeley,  at  the  end  of  the  12th  or  beginning 
of  the  13th  century,  through  2(5  masters  to  its  spoliation  by  Henry  VIII. , 
and  the  final  grant  of  its  site  in  1587.  On  this  site  now  stands  a  huge  tobacco 
factory. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  HERALDRY,  with  upwards  of  2500  tine  illustrations. 
By  Charles  Norton  Elvin,  M.A.,  Author  of  Handbook  of  Mottoes,  Anec- 
dotes of  Heraldry,  (fee,  <Lc,  d-c.  London  :  Kent  &  Co.,  23,  Paternoster  Row. 
A  good  Heraldic  Dictionary  has  long  been  a  desiratirn  among  heraldic  and 
genealogical  students,  and  Mr.  Elvin's  handsome  volume  is  intended  to 
supply  the  need.  The  work  is  evidently  the  result  of  extensive  reading, 
studious  care,  and  ungrudging  expense. 

Mr.  Elvin  has  divided  his  subject  unto  two  sections.  The  first  contains 
forty-six  plates  of  engravings,  illustrating  the  numerous  technical  terms  used 
in  the  science  of  heraldry,  given,  concisely,  on  the  pages  opposite  to  the 
several  plates  ;  and  the  second  is  a  very  full  alphabetical  dictionary  of 
terms,  referring  again  to  the  examples  in  the  Plates  above  mentioned.  This 
dictionary  contains  special  terms  of  ordinaries  and  charges  not  usually  found 
in  practical  heraldry.  It  also  affords  much  useful  information  concerning  the 
insignia  of  several  orders  of  knighthood,  and  other  heraldic  subjects.  It 
would  appear  to  be  in  every  respect  complete  and  sufficient,  and  confers  the 
greatest  credit  on  Mr.  Elvin's  industry  and  perseverance.  The  numerous 
illustrations  arc  beautifully  engraved. 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  1S5 

THE  ANTIQUARY  :  A  Magazine  devoted  to  the  Study  of  the  Past, 
Vol.  XX.,  July  to  December,  18S9.  London  :  Elliot  Stock,  62,  Paternoster 
Row,  1889. 

Mr.  Elliot  Stock  has  recently  issued  the  twentieth  volume  of  this  valuable 
periodical.  It  contains  many  Papers  of  much  interest.  Among  them  is  a 
series  of  articles  by  W.  Rendle,  F.R.C.S.,  on  the  "  Records  of  St.  Thomas's 
Hospital."  This  Hospital  was  built  in  1228,  but  having  fallen  into  a  state 
of  dilapidation  it  was  rebuilt  in  the  early  part  of  the  16th  century  at  a  cost, 
in  our  money,  of  about  £3000,  and  it  is  curious  to  observe  that  the  money 
was  raised,  then  as  now,  by  subscription.  The  records  give  us  many  glimpses 
of  the  social  condition,  and  the  manners  and  habits,  of  the  people  in  the  16th 
and  17th  centuries  ;  and  also  of  the  state  of  medical  and  surgical  skill  at  that 
period.  There  is  also  an  article  on  the  Manor  House  of  Asshton  (co.  Lane.) 
the  ancient  seat  of  the  Asshton  family,  and  afterwards,  by  marriage,  of  the 
Booths,  of  Dunham  Massie,  by  E.  W.  Cox.  We  notice  that  Mr.  Cox  has 
made  ca  slip  in  stating  that  Sir  George  Booth  after  the  Restoration  was 
created  Earl  of  Delamere.  There  never  was  an  Earl  of  Delamere.  His 
dignity  was  only  a  Barony,  but  his  son,  the  second  Baron,  was  created  Earl 
of  "Warrington  in  1690.  We  are  very  sorry  to  learn  that  this  ancient  and 
curious  building,  now  one  of  the  seats  of  the  Earl  of  Stamford,  is  in  danger 
of  destruction  from  the  grasping  covetousness  and  competition  of  rival  rail- 
way companies.  Mr.  Sparvel-Bayley,  E.S.A.,  gives  us  some  "  Notes  on  a 
historical  MS.  Metrical  Poem  of  the  loth  century  in  the  Rawlinson  Collection 
in  the  Bodleian  Library,  On  Mutability  of  Fortune  in  the  case  of  Eleanor 
Cobham,  Duchess  of  Gloucester,  sometime  wife  of  Humphrey,  Duke  of 
Gloucester,  grandson  of  King  of  Edward  III.,  called  "the  good  Duke 
Humphrey. "  Another  instance  is  alluded  to  in  the  poem  in  the  mysterious 
sudden  death  of  John  Beaufort,  Duke  of  Somerset,  son  of  John  Beaufort, 
eldest  son  of  John  of  Gaunt,  and  another  grandson  of  King  Edward  III. 
We  should  also  mention  a  Paper  of  much  interest  entitled  "A'  Sek:  an 
Opening  from  the  River  Karun  to  Central  Persia,"  by  that  veteran  traveller 
and  archaeologist,  W.  F.  Ainsworth,  Ph.  Dr.,  F.S.A.,  F.R.G.S.,  &c,  and 
many  other  communications  well  deserving  of  notice,  whilst  the  monthly 
publication  of  the  "  Antiquaries'  Note  Book  and  Antiquarian  News  "  form 
a  collection  of  items  of  archaeological  information  not  to  be  found  elsewhere. 
This  volume  closes  the  first  series  of  the  work,  and  a  new  series  was 
commenced  on  the  1st  of  January  under  a  different  Editor,  the  numbers  of 
which  that  have  been  issued  shew  no  falling  oft'  in  the  literary  character  of 
the  Periodical. 


YORKSHIRE  CHAP-BOOKS,  Edited  by  Charles  A.  Federer,  L.C.P. 
First  Series,  comprising  Thomas  Gent's  Tracts  on  Legendary  Subjects  ;  a 
Memoir  of  the  Author,  and  a  select  number  of  Facsimile  Reproductions  of 
the  Original  Woodcuts.     London  :  Elliot  Stock,  1889. 

YORKSHIRE  LEGEMDS  AND  TRADITIONS,  as  told  by  her  Ancient 
Chroniclers,  Her  Poets,  and  Journalists.  By  the  Rev.  Thomas  Parkinson, 
F.  R.  Hist.  S.  Member  of  the  Surtees'  Society,  The  Yorkshire  Archaological 
and  Topographical  Association,  Vicar  of  South  Otterington.  [Second  Series.  ] 
London  :  Elliot  Stock,  1889. 


1S6  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications. 

The  introduction  to  the  first  of  these  volumes  forms  a  very  brief  but  inter- 
esting Essay  on  Chap-Book  literature,  which  in  days  gone  by  formed  an 
important  branch  of  literary  business,  and  possessed  great  influence  on  the 
lives  and  characters  of  the  middle  and  lower  classes  of  the  population.  Prior 
to  the  present  century  books  were  not  only  still  comparatively  scarce  and 
costly  but  not  easily  obtained  in  remote  rural  districts.  Moreover,  readers 
of  works  which  required  any  sustained  thought  were  still  more  rare.  The 
literature,  therefore,  which  came  into  the  hands  and  suited  the  mental 
capacity  of  the  simple  folk  we  have  mentioned  were  short  tales  of  Adven- 
ture ;  The  Lives  of  Bold  Highwaymen  ;  Ballads,  historical  and  amusing  ; 
Romantic  Stories  in  ballad  form  ;  Tales  and  Legends,  moral  and  religious  ; 
Broadsides,  &c,  &c. ,  which  were  sold  by  Chap-men  at  markets  and  fairs 
and  were  hawked  about  from  house  to  house.  These  formed  the  current 
literature  of  the  people,  and  had  a  very  large  sale,  and  though  some  of  them 
in  these  days  may  be  considered  coarse,  they  were  superior  to  the  trashy 
novels  which  now  flood  the  press  and  pollute  the  minds  of  the  young  of  all 
classes. 

Thomas  Gent,  the  author  and  printer  of  all  the  pieces  in  this  volume,  was 
pre-eminent  among  the  purveyors  of  this  kind  of  literature.  A  sketch  of  his 
life  is  given,  derived  from  his  autobiography,  shewing  its  vicissitudes,  his  poverty, 
hardships,  perseverance,  toil,  irrasibility,  love,  marriage,  misfortunes  and 
death.  The  memoir  possesses  much  interest,  and  exhibits  the  progress  which 
has  been  made  in  literature  since  the  first  quarter  of  the  last  century.  We  are 
told  incidentally  that  in  1715  there  was  but  one  printer  in  Liverpool,  and  that 
in  17-2  Gent's  printing  business  in  York  was  practically  a  monopoly,  for  no 
other  printer  could  be  found  in  the  whole  of  Yorkshire  and  Durham. 

Gent  was  evidently  a  self-educated  man,  but  he  was  able  and  industrious. 
His  reading  and  researches  were  most  extensive.  The  late  Mr.  Joseph 
Hunter,  F.S.A.,  the  author  of  the  History  of  Hallamshire  and  many  other 
works,  says  that  "  Gent's  performances  were  not  like  too  many  modern  books 
of  topography,  mere  bundles  of  pillage  from  the  works  of  ingenious  and  pains- 
taking authors,  but  contained  matter  honestly  collected,  and  not  before  his 
time  made  public  by  the  press,"  and  the  Editor  of  the  present  volume  says 
he  has  "verified  some  hundreds  of  Gent's  references  to  works  of  most  varied 
description  and  found  every  one  of  them  strictly  accurate."  He  was  the 
author  of  many  works  historical  and  other.  Those  printed  in  this  volume, 
especially  his  Legend  of  St.  Winifred  in  simple  verse,  is  very  interesting  and 
well  adapted  to  its  purpose.  The  volume  is  printed  upon  rough  hand-made 
paper,  with  titles  and  the  quaint  illustrations  in  facsimile,  and  is  got  up, 
generally,  in  Mr.  Stock's  tasteful  style. 

The  second  volume  at  the  head  of  this  notice  seems  to  fall  under  the 
designation  of  Folk-lore  as  it  treats  of  the  Legends  and  Traditions  of  York- 
shire. This  important  subject  has  received  great  attention  from  antiquaries 
during  the  last  few  years.  It  seems  but  a  short  time  ago,  though  it  extends 
to  fifteen  years,  that  a  suggestion  appeared  in  that  most  useful  publication 
"Notes  and  Queries,  that  a  Special  Society  should  be  formed  to  collect, 
arrange,  and  print  all  scattered  bits  of  legend,  popular  mythology,  super- 
stitions, local  traditions,  customs,  rhymes  and  proverbs,  not  only  in  this 
country  but  elsewhere,  of  which  those  in  the  volumes  before  us  are  types. 
Ancient  customs  and  superstitions,  from  various  causes  obvious  to  all,  are 


Notices  of  Recent  Akch.eological  Publications.  187 

fast  dying  out,  and  this  effort  was  commenced  not  a  day  too  soon.  We  are 
glad  to  add  that  the  suggestion  was  very  warmly  received  by  many  gentle- 
men of  great  and  varied  learning,  and  led  to  the  formation  of  what  is  now  a 
strong  .Society ;  and  it  is  with  much  satisfaction  we  hail  Mr.  Parkin's 
interesting  volume  as  a  contribution  to  the  object  in  view. 

Many  of  the  legends  and  traditions  are  most  interesting  and  others 
amusing,  and  all  are  very  pleasingly  related,  and  though,  at  least  in  sub- 
stance, some  are  told  elsewhere  in  distant  localities  we  do  not  complain,  for 
it  tends  to  shew  the  cosmopolitan  character  of  many  traditions,  customs  and 
superstitions  ;  and  the  system  adopted  of  classification  under  different  heads 
renders  easier  the  means  of  comparison  and  of  shewing  the  area  over  which 
the  same  customs  and  conditions  extend. 


TRANSACTIONS  OF  THE 

Bristol  <uto  Gloucestershire  <3lrclt<rologiatl  §ocictg 

IN   1889-90. 


At  the  Sicmmer  Meeting  held  at  Cheltenham  on  the  16th,  17th, 

and  18th  July,  1889. 

This  Society  held  its  14th  Annual  Meeeting  at  Cheltenham,  on  Tuesday,  the 
16th  July,  and  two  following  days.  The  Society  was  formally  received  by  the 
Mayor  (Col.  Thoyts)  and  the  members  of  the  Local  Committee,  by  whom  the 
arrangements  had  been  made,  in  the  Council  Chamber  at  11  a.m.,  and  the 
opening  Meeting  was  held  immediately  afterwards.  There  was  a  very  large 
attendance  of  members  and  associates.  Among  those  present  were  Mr. 
R.V.Vassar-S.mith  (the  President  of  the  Society),  Sir  Brook  Kay,  Bart,  (the 
President  of  the  Council),  Mr.  A  T.  Agg-Gardiner,  M.P.  (tie  President,  elect), 
General  Pearce,  Major-General  Babbage,  Col.  Forbes,  Dr.  Cook,  Dr.  W. 
Davis  ;  the  Revs.  F.  E.  Warren,  J.  Lockhead,  S.  E.  Bartleet,  and  the 
Messrs.  B.  Bonnor,  J.  Crcdas,  E.  A.  D'Argent,  F.  Dobell,  A.  E.  Hudd, 
A  Le  Blanc,  W.  George,  Win.  Leigh, V. P.,  J.  Mills,  H.  P.  Prankerd, 
F.  de  Saumarez,  S.  H.  Swayne,  A.  J.  Skinner  ;  Rev.  W.  Bazeley  (Hon. 
Gen.  Secretary)  ;  Mr.  G.  B.Witts  (Hon.  Local  Secretary),  Mr.  E.Wethered 
(Hon.  Local  Treasurer),  and  many  ladies. 

The  Mayor  heartily  welcomed  the  Society  to  Cheltenham  on  this  its 
second  visit,  the  former  visit,  he  remarked,  having  taken  place  some  ten 
years  ago.  He  was  afraid  there  were  not  many  objects  of  archaeological 
interest  in  the  town,  but  the  neighbourhood  teemed  with  antiquarian  re- 
mains and  relics,  in  the  inspection  of  which  he  hoped  the  members  would 
find  much  of  interest.  His  Worship  made  a  feeling  allusion  to  the  loss  the 
town  had  sustained  in  the  death  of  Dr.  Day,  and  also  referred  to  Dr.  Day's 
high  scientific  attainments,  especially  in  that  branch  of  natural  history  which 
was  his  favourite  study,  viz.,  pisiculture.  Cheltenham  had  felt  honoured  in 
having  as  a  resident  for  the  last  few  years  of  his  life  one  who  had  so  greatly 
distinguished  himself  in  the  world  of  science. 

The  President  thanked  the  Mayor  for  the  kind  manner  in  which  the 
the  Society  had  been  welcomed,  and  also  for  the  feeling  and  sympathetic 
way  in  which  his  Worship  had  alluded  to  the  loss  ot  one  of  its  most  distin- 
guished members. 

The  chair  was  then  taken  by  Mr.  Vassar-Smith,  who  called  upon  the 
Hon.  Secretary  to  read  the 

REPORT  OF  COUNCIL  FOR  1SS8-9. 
The  Council  submits  to  the  members  of  the  Bristol  and  Gloucestershire 
Arclneological  Society  the  Fourteenth  Annual  Report. 

There  are  at  present  .396  annual  members,  75  life  members  and  3  honor- 
ary members  on  the  Society's  list,  making  a  total  of  474  members.     The 
total  number  last  year  was  466. 
Vol.  XIV.  o 


190  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

The  income  for  the  financial  year  1888-9  was  £294  8s.  5d.  The  expen- 
diture amounted  to  £293  5s.  9d.  The  actual  balance  at  the  Society's  bankers 
on  the  21st  April,  18S9,  was  £264  13s.  lOd  ;  besides  this  there  was  a  sum  of 
£77  15s.  lid.  due  from  the  Berkeley  MS.  fund  ;  and  the  Society  has,  more- 
over, a  funded  capital  of  £432  3s.  8d.  in  the  new  2|  Consolidated  Stock, 
representing  the  composition  fees  of  Life  Members. 

The  Council  has  issued  during  the  last  year  the  second  part  of  Vol.  XII. 
and  the  first  part  of  Vol.  XIII.  of  the  Society's  Transactions,  and  also  the 
second  part  of  "An  Analysis  of  the  Domesday  Survey  of  Gloucestershire," 
by  the  Rev.  C.  S.  Taylor.  The  third  and  concluding  part  of  this  "  Analysis  " 
will  be  issued  shortly  with  the  second  part  of  Vol.  XIII.  The  Council 
desires  to  express  its  acknowledgement  to  those  who  have  very  kindly  con- 
tributed to  the  expense  of  illustrating  the  Transactions. 

The  Society  has  held  two  General  Meetings  during  the  last  year — at 
Gloucester  on  the  16th,  17th,  18th  and  19th  of  July,  1888,  and  at  Berkeley 
on  the  29th  of  May,  1889. 

The  Annual  Summer  Meeting  at  Gloucester,  the  second  held  in  that 
city,  after  an  interval  of  twelve  years,  was  most  successfully  arranged  and 
carried  out  by  an  influential  local  committee.  The  thanks  of  the  Society 
are  due  to  that  committee,  and  especially  to  Mr.  G.  S.  Blakeway,  who,  at  a 
time  of  great  domestic  anxiety,  spared  neither  time  nor  labour  in  fulfilling 
his  arduous  duties  as  Local  Secretary.  They  are  also  due  to  Mr.  W.  H. 
Stevenson,  of  the  Royal  Commission  upon  Historical  MSS.,  who,  having 
spent  many  weeks  in  arranging  and  calendaring  the  Gloucester  City  Char- 
ters for  the  Corporation,  attended  the  Gloucester  Meeting,  and  gave  much 
valuable  information  to  the  members  concerning  the  various  deeds  exhibited 
at  the  Local  Museum  ;  to  Mr.  John  Bellows,  for  his  interesting  address  on 
Roman  Gloucester  ;  and  to  Mr.  St.  John  Hope,  Assistant  Secretary  to  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  who  read  a  paper  on  The  Seals  of  the  City  of  Gloucester. 
The  Dean  of  Gloucester  very  courteously  received  the  members  at  the 
Cathedral,  and,  with  the  assistance  of  Mr.  F.  W.  Waller  and  the  Rev.  W. 
Bazeley,  pointed  out  the  more  interesting  features  of  that  ancient  structure. 
After  the  conclusion  of  the  meeting,  visits  were  organized  of  the  working 
classes  of  Gloucester  to  the  Cathedral,  and  a  large  public  gathering  at  the 
Shire  Hall  listened,  apparently  with  much  interest,  to  popular  papers  on 
local  history  and  antiquities  read  by  Mrs.  Baguall-Oakeley,  the  Dean  of 
Gloucester,  Mr.  J.  Bellows,  Mr.  F.  W.  Waller,  and  the  General  Secretary 
of  this  Society. 

The  Annual  Spring  Meeting  was  held  at  Berkeley  on  the  29th  of  May, 
and  more  than  a  hundred  members  visited  the  Parish  Church,  under  the 
guidance  of  the  vicar,  the  Rev.  J.  Lett  Stackhouse,  and  Berkeley  Castle, 
under  the  guidance  of  the  Rev.  W.  Bazeley. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  give  further  details  of  these  meetings  in  this  Report 
as  a  full  account  of  the  Gloucester  Meeting  appears  in  Part  1  of  Vol.  XIII. 
of  the  Society's  Transactions  ;  and  the  Berkeley  Meeting  will  be  described 
in  Vol.  XIV.,  part  1. 

Besides  these  General  Meetings,  a  Local  Meeting  was  held  at  Stroud,  on 
the  21st  of  February,  1889,  to  which  all  the  members  of  the  Society  were 
invited.     The  arrangements  were  admirably  made  by  the  Local  Secretary, 


Report  of  Council.  191 

Mr.  E.  Witchell,  and  the  rest  of  the  Local  Committee.  A  very  interesting 
address  was  given  by  the  Dean  of  Gloucester,  and  papers  were  read  by  Mr. 
Charles  Wethered  and  Mr.  Arthur  Playne.  Mr.  Embrey,  of  the  Gloucester 
School  of  Science,  very  kindly  attended  the  Meeting  and  illustrated  the 
lectures  with  photographs  shewn  by  the  magic  lantern.  There  was  a  crowd- 
ed audience,  and  much  interest  was  created  throughout  the  neighbourhood 
of  Stroud  in  the  Society's  work.  The  Council  hopes  that  similar  meetings 
will  be  held  elsewhere  during  the  forthcoming  winter. 

The  Council  having  learned  from  Col.  Forbes,  the  Local  Secretary  for 
Dursley,  that  the  Uley  Tumulus,  better  known  as  Hetty  Pegler's  Tump, 
which  has  been  placed  under  the  charge  of  H.M.'s  Commissioners  of  Works, 
was  being  injured  by  careless  or  mischievous  persons,  appointed  a  committee 
to  enquire  into  and  report  upon  the  state  of  this  ancient  monument.  The 
report  so  made  to  the  Council  was  forwarded  to  Lieut. -General  Pitt-Rivers, 
who  thereupon  paid  a  personal  visit  to  Uley  and  examined  the  Barrow.  The 
Council  has  since  been  asked  to  submit  to  the  Board  of  Works  a  plan  and 
estimate  for  its  restoration. 

Additions  have  been  made  to  the  Society's  library  during  the  last  year 
by  donations  from  the  Rev.  B.  H.  Blacker,  Mr.  Drayton  Wyatt  and  other 
members ;  and  also  by  the  purchase  of  books  and  tracts,  relating  for  the 
most  part  to  Gloucestershire,  at  the  sales  of  Mr.  Wilton's  and  Mr.  Jeffs 
libraries. 

The  Council  has  arranged  exchange  of  Transactions  with  the  Cambrian 
Archaeological  Society,  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
The  Royal  Historical  and  Archaeological  Association  of  Ireland,  and  the 
Suffolk  Institute  of  Archaeology  and  Natural  History. 

Some  difficulty  has  arisen  with  regard  to  the  storage  of  the  Society's 
books  and  surplus  copies  of  Transactions,  &c,  &c.,the  space  allotted  for 
book-cases  in  the  Gloucester  Museum  being  necessarily  very  small.  The 
Council  learns  with  satisfaction  that  new  buildings  in  connection  with  the 
Museum,  the  School  of  Art  and  the  School  of  Science,  are  likely  to  be 
erected  in  the  vacant  site  adjoining  the  present  buildings,  and  hopes  that  a 
more  convenient  room  may  thus  be  procured  for  the  Society's  library. 

A  list  of  the  books  and  pamphlets  belonging  to  the  Society  has  been 
prepared,  and  rules  for  their  issue  to  members  have  been  drawn  up  by  a 
committee,  aud  accepted  by  the  Council.  This  list  and  these  rules  will  be 
printed  and  sent  to  the  members. 

The  work  of  this  Society,  and  of  similar  Societies  in  other  counties,  has 
hitherto  been  carried  on  without  reference  to  any  central  body.  It  has  been 
proposed  during  the  last  year  that  there  shall  be  a  union  of  Archaeological 
Societies  in  England  (with  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London  as  a  nucleus); 
that  delegates  shall  be  appointed  by  each  Society,  who  shall  from  time  to 
time  confer  together  at  the  rooms  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  Burlington 
House,  with  a  view  to  the  better  organization  of  antiquarian  research  and 
the  preservation  of  ancient  monuments.  The  Council  has  had  much  pleasure 
in  complying  with  this  proposal,  and  has  appointed  Sir  Henry  Barkly, 
K.C.B.,  G.C.M.G.,  and  Sir  John  Maclean,  F.S.A,  the  delegates  of  this 
Society.  The  first  Congress  will  be  held  to-morrow  (July  17th)  at  Burlington 
House. 

O  2 


192  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Reference  was  made  in  the  last  report  to  the  exploration  of  a  Roman 
villa  at  Tockington  Park.  The  interesting  notices  which  have  appeared  in 
the  12th  and  13th  volumes  of  the  Transactions  will  have  informed  the  mem- 
bers of  the  discoveries  which  have  been  made.  Sir  John  Maclean  has 
devoted  much  time  and  thought  to  directing  and  recording  the  excavations, 
and  the  thanks  of  the  Society  are  due  to  him,  as  also  to  Mr.  F.  Judge  for 
his  excellent  drawings  of  pavements  and  other  objects  of  interest  discovered, 
and  to  Mr.  Richard  Smith,  the  occupant  of  the  farm,  for  the  facilities  given 
by  him  for  research.  The  receipts  for  the  Exploration  Fund  were  :  —sub- 
scriptions, £53,  profits  of  Tockington  Park  Special  Meeting,  £7  0s.  2d. — 
Total,  £60  0s.  2d.  Of  this  sum,  £46  15s.  4d.  has  been  expended  in  opening 
and  preserving  the  villa,  leaving  a  balance  of  £13  4s.  lOd. ,  which  will  partly 
defray  the  cost  of  illustrating  Sir  John  Maclean's  notices  of  the  villa  in  the 
Society's  Transactions. 

The  Council  has  noticed  with  pleasure  the  announcement  of  two  im- 
portant publications  in  connection  with  the  City  of  Gloucester  : — "  The 
Calendar  of  the  Records  of  the  Corporation  "  and  "  The  Rental  of  all  the 
Houses  in  Gloucester,  A.o.  1455,"  edited  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Stevenson  and  the 
Secretary  of  this  Society. 

The  Council  has  also  been  informed  that  two  members  of  this  Society, 
the  Rev.  W.  Bazeley  and  Mr.  Hyett,  have  been  for  some  time  engaged  in 
the  preparation  of  a  manual  of  Gloucestershire  Bibliography,  in  which  they 
have  made  considerable  progress.  It  is  to  be  desired  that  all  who  possess 
rare  books  and  tracts,  relating  to  this  subject,  will  assist  in  the  work  by 
communicating  with  these  gentlemen. 

The  Council  has  again  to  deplore  the  loss  of  several  members  by  death  : — 
T.  Gambler  Parry,  Esq.,  President  of  the  Society  in  1S79,  when  the  annual 
meeting  was  held,  as  this  year,  at  Cheltenham,  and  a  Vice-President  from 
the  time  of  the  formation  of  the  Society  until  his  death,  was  distinguished 
for  brilliant  genius,  profound  knowledge  of  the  History  of  Art,  and  uniform 
courtesy.  The  frescoes  which  he  executed  at  Ely,  Gloucester  and  Highnam, 
will  be  abiding  memorials  of  his  piety  and  skill.  Mr.  Wm.  Brown  Clegram, 
of  Saal  Lodge  ;  the  Rev.  H.  T.  Price,  Rector  of  Elkstone  ;  and  Dr.  Disney 
Launder  Thorp,  of  Lypiatt  Lodge,  Cheltenham,  were  donors  to  the  Society's 
library,  and  Mr.  J.  0.  Halliwell-Phillipps  had  a  world-wide  reputation  as  a 
Shakesperian  Antiquary.  Dr.  Day,  who  has  just  passed  away,  was  distin- 
guished rather  as  a  Scientist  than  as  an  Archaeologist ;  but  this  Society  owes 
him  a  debt  of  gratitude  for  the  assistance  he  rendered  to  the  Council  as  a 
member  of  that  body. 

The  Council  now  nominates  for  re-election  the  President  of  Council, 
the  Vice-Presidents  of  the  Society,  the  General  Secretary,  the  General 
Treasurer,  and  the  Secretaries  Local  and  Sectional.  The  Council  also 
nominates  Mr.  Vassar-Smith,  the  President  for  1888-9,  Vice-President  of 
the  Society  in  the  room  of  the  late  Mr.  Gambier  Parry.  Local  Secretaries 
are  needed  for  Fairford,  Cirencester,  Newent,  Winchcombe,  Chipping  Camp- 
den  and  Thornbury. 

The  following  members  of  Council  retire  by  rotation,  but  are  eligible 
for  re-election  :— Major  C.  H.  Fisher,  and  Messrs.  A.  E.  Hudd,  R.  T.  Martin, 
S.  H.  Swayne,  P.  Prankerd,  T.  S.  Pope,  C.  Bowley  and  H.  W.  Bruton. 


Report  of  Council.  193 

The  Council  has  held  five  meetings  during  the  last  year  -two  at  Bristol, 
two  at  Gloucester,  and  one  at  Cheltenham,  and  desires  to  express  its  thanks 
to  the  Mayor  and  Town  Clerk  of  Gloucester,  and  to  the  Mayor  and  Town 
Clerk  of  Cheltenham,  for  their  courteous  permission  to  meet  in  the  Council 
Chambers  of  Gloucester  and  Cheltenham  respectively. 

Dr.  Cook  proposed  and  Mr.  Dobell  seconded  the  adoption  of  the  report, 
which  was  at  once  agreed  to. 

Mr.  B.  Bonnor  proposed  the  re-election  of  the  following  members  of  the 
Council  -.—Major  Fisher,  Messrs.  E.  A.  Hudd,  R.  T.  Martin,  S.  H.  Swayne, 
H.  P.  Prankerd,  T.  S.  Pope,  C.  Bowley,  and  H.  W.  Bruton 

This  was  seconded  and  carried. 

Mr.  Leigh  proposed  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  retiring  President  for  the 
courteous  manner  in  which  he  had  fulfilled  his  office  during  the  year,  and 
remarked  that  the  success  of  the  Gloucester  and  Berkeley  Meetings  was  very 
much  due  to  Mr.  Vassar-Smith's  presence  and  help.  He  also  referred  to  the 
fact  that  at  Gloucester  last  year,  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the 
Society,  a  popular  meeting  was  held  in  connection  with  the  visit  of  the 
Societ}',  and  urged  that  similar  meetings  should  be  arranged  in  future,  in 
order  that  the  humbler  classes  might  be  excited  to  take  an  interest  in  the 
history  and  antiquities  of  the  country  and  in  the  preservation  of  works 
of  art  and  architecture. 

Mr.  Swayne  seconded  the  motion,  which  was  heartily  adopted. 

In  acknowledgement,  Mr.  Vassar-Smith  said  he  had  carried  out  the 
duties  of  his  office  to  the  best  of  his  ability,  and  he  trusted  that  the  arrange- 
ments from  time  to  time  made  had  worked  smoothly  and  with  advantage  to 
the  Society.  He  had  learnt  something  of  archaeology  during  his  term  of 
office,  and  trusted  that  he  should  go  on  acquiring  knowledge,  so  that  in  the 
future  he  might  be  of  some  assistance  to  the  Society.  He  joined  with  Mr. 
Leigh  in  urging  that  popular  meetings  should  be  held  in  connection  with 
the  Society's  annual  meeting,  and,  concluding,  bespoke  for  Mr.  Agg-Gardner 
a  cordial  welcome  on  his  entering  on  the  office  of  President  for  the  ensuing 
year. 

Mr.  Agg-Gardner  then  took  the  chair  and  delivered  as  follows  his 

INAUGURAL  ADDRESS. 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen, 
When  Sir  Brook  Kay,  writing  on  behalf  of  your  Society,  honoured  me  with 
an  invitation  to  act  as  the  President  of  this  meeting,  I  was  at  first  unwilling 
to  accept  the  proffered  compliment.  I  observed,  on  referring  to  the  records 
of  your  proceedings,  that  this  post  had  almost  invariably  been  held  by  some 
gentleman  who  was  more  or  less  identified  with  scientific  research,  and 
I  felt  that  my  deficiency  in  this  branch  of  learning  would  form  a  fatal  bar  to 
the  adequate  discharge  of  those  duties  which  you  assign  to  your  President. 
But  Sir  Brook  Kay  and  the  members  of  his  committee  with  whom  I  con- 
ferred, impressed  upon  me  that  as  established  custom  called  for  a  Cheltenham 


194  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

President,  and  the  time  wherein  to  discover  one,  if  I  failed  them,  was  ex- 
tremely limited,  local  considerations  became  more  urgent  than  those  of 
learning  ;  and  moreover  that  formidable  as  might  appear  to  be  the  wisdom 
of  the  Society,  this  wisdom  was  balanced  and  controlled  by  infinite  gener- 
osity. Penetrated  by  this  reasoning,  and  relying  on  the  benevolent  assurances 
I  have  mentioned,  I  consented  to  succeed  Mr.  Vassar-Smith.  And  I  there- 
fore now  appear  before  you  fully  conscious  alike  of  my  inability  to  add 
anything  to  the  stock  of  your  information,  and  of  an  absolute  necessity  for 
making  a  serious  inroad  on  the  stores  of  your  indulgence. 

The  first  duty  of  the  President  is  to  deliver  his  address,  and  the  first 
difficulty  that  confronts  him  in  the  discharge  of  this  duty  is  to  decide  on 
which  of  the  many  channels  of  thought  into  which  the  study  of  Archaeology 
leads  us,  is  to  be  selected.  A  kind  friend,  anticipating  my  perplexity,  sug- 
gested to  me  that  as  I  was  identified  with  the  Manor  of  Cheltenham,  and 
had  access  to  the  deeds,  I  might  find  among  some  of  its  recondite  rolls 
abundant  material  for  an  interesting  if  not  an  instructive  essay.  But  I  was 
at  once  met  with  the  diffiulty  that  the  most  ancient  and  presumably  there- 
fore the  most  interesting  of  the  documents  were  written  in  Norman  French. 
This  would  entail  the  services  of  an  interpreter  to  unravel,  and  unhappily 
the  desired  interpreter  is  not  to  be  found.  Therefore  I  am  afraid,  so  far  as 
I  am  concerned  at  least,  whatever  of  interest  is  to  found  in  these  parch- 
ments must  remain  in  their  present  musty  obscurity.  To  some  it  might 
appear  that  the  neighbourhood  of  Cheltenham,  strewn  as  it  is  with  so 
much  that  is  of  antiquarian  value,  would  supply  on  the  present  occasion  the 
proper  text  for  an  address.  But  here  again  a  manifest  objection  presents 
itself.  Only  a  few  years  have  elapsed  since  Cheltenham  was  last  made  the 
site  of  the  Society's  meeting.  At  that  meeting  the  archaeology  of  the  district 
was  examined  and  explained,  not  only  by  several  members  of  the  Society, 
but  by  the  President  of  the  day — the  late  Mr.  Gambier  Parry.  Those  who 
knew  that  accomplished  gentleman  are  well  aware  how  thoroughly  he  com- 
pleted whatever  he  undertook.  His  brilliant  and  exhaustive  address  is 
conspicuous  on  the  pages  of  your  records,  and  the  eloquent  language  in 
which  it  was  clothed  lingers  still,  I  doubt  not,  in  the  memories  of  many 
whom  I  have  the  honour  to  address  to-day.  It  would  be  obviously  in  the 
nature  of  an  anti-climax,  if  not  of  an  impertinence,  were  I  to  attempt  to 
re-tell  his  well-told  tale.  It  is,  of  course,  possible  that  some  crumbs  of 
information  were  left,  or  may  have  fallen  since,  that  might  be  collected  and 
formed  by  a  skillful  brain  into  the  materials  for  a  useful  if  not  an  ambitious 
address.  But  this  is  a  task  too  high  for  me,  and  can  well  be  left  to  those 
students  of  antiquity  of  whom  this  Society  happily  can  boast  a  strong  con- 
tingent, and  to  whom  we  shall  look  for  valuable  criticisms  and  interesting 
papers  in  the  course  of  our  expeditions.  For  myself,  as  an  amateur  addressing 
experts,  it  will  be  better  if  during  the  few  minutes  in  which  I  am  allowed 


Inaugural  Address.  195 

to  detain  you  I  take  a  general  rather  than  a  particular  view,  and  glance 
briefly  at  the  results  of  researches  that  have  been  recently  accomplished, 
rather  than  to  speculate  as  to  where  fresh  discoveries  might  be  attempted, 
or  endeavour  to  unfold  new  theories  or  to  combat  accepted  creeds. 

I  presume  I  am  right  in  supposing  that,  amongst  the  numerous  votaries 
of  antiquity,  while  some  are  animated  by  motives  of  cimosity,  others  by  a 
pedantic  passion  for  what  is  old,  they  are  inspired  by  the  purest  zeal  who 
seek  by  the  aid  of  its  science  to  perfect  their  knowledge  of  the  lives,  the 
habits,  and  the  history  of  mankind.  Homo  sum,  humani  nihil  a  me  alienum 
puto  is  the  motto  which  the  great — perhaps  the  greatest — living  authority  on 
archaeology,  Sir  Charles  Newton,  has  assigned  to  the  archaeologist.  To 
collect,  he  says,  the  implements,  weapons,  pottery,  costumes  and  furniture 
of  races  is  to  contribute  materials  not  only  to  the  history  of  mining,  metal- 
ling, spinning,  weaving,  dying,  carpentry,  and  the  like  arts,  which  minister 
to  civilization,  but  also  to  illustrate  the  physical  history  of  the  countries 
where  these  arts  are  practised.  And  wherever  man  has  left  the  stamp  of 
mind  on  brute  matter,  whether  we  designate  his  work  as  structure,  texture, 
or  mixture,  mechanical  or  chymical ;  whether  the  result  be  a  house,  a  ship, 
a  garment,  a  piece  of  glass,  or  a  metallic  implement,  these  memorials  of 
economy  and  invention  will  always  be  worthy  the  attention  of  the  archae- 
ologist. It  may  not,  perhaps,  be  altogether  alien  to  these  sentiments  if  I 
refer  to  some  of  the  recent  discoveries  which  have  been  made  in  the  East, 
and  which  add  to,  and,  particularly  where  it  is  derived  from  sacred  sources, 
confirm  our  historical  knowledge. 

In  Egypt,  through  the  action  of  the  Exploration  Fund  and  the  activity 
of  Mr.Naville,  a  flood  of  light  has  been  thrown  on  the  sojourn  and  the  exodus 
of  the  Israelites.  The  route  of  the  exodus  has  been  determined,  and  the 
passage  across  the  Red  Sea  all  but  marked  out.  It  is  now  made  certain  that 
Rameses  II.  was  the  Pharaoh  of  the  oppression,  and  his  son,  Menepthah, 
the  Pharaoh  of  the  exodus  ;  and  that  the  period  of  their  reigns  covered  70 
years,  from  the  commencement  of  the  great  oppression  to  the  exodus,  as 
stated  in  biblical  history.  At  the  beginning  of  this  time,  Rameses  founded 
the  two  store  cities  of  Python  and  Rameses — one  has  been  discovered  with 
its  store  chambers  built  of  unbaked  brick,  and  with  monuments  of  the  reign 
of  Rameses  and  other  monarchs  downwards  from  him. 

It  was  during  these  excavations  that  the  French  Commission  discovered 
the  Royal  mummies  at  Thebes,  collected  for  security  about  Solomon's  time, 
and  which  represented  the  principal  sovereigns  of  the  previous  7  centuries. 
These  have  been  unrolled,  and  we  are  now,  therefore,  made  familiar  with 
the  features  of  Rameses  II.  The  mummies  are  in  the  Boulak  Museum,  but 
a  photograph  is  to  be  seen  in  the  British  Museum,  which  shows  that 
Rameses  II.  at  the  age  of  90,  still  preserves,  after  3000  years,  the  determined 


190  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

expression  which  history  leads  us  to  imagine  he  must  have  worn  in  his  life- 
time, and  which  is  emphasized,  according  to  the  dogma  of  physiognomists, 
by  that  rare  feature  among  Egyptians — a  Wellingtonian  nose.  The  Pharaoh 
of  the  exodus  has  not  yet  been  found,  a  fact  which  strengthens  the  belief  of 
those  who  assert  that  he  was  drowned  in  the  Red  Sea,  though  the  Scriptural 
expression  "  overthrown  "  may  be  taken  to  mean  defeated  as  well  as  drowned. 
There  is  therefore  still  a  possibility  of  a  fresh  addition  to  the  Boulak  Museum. 

Very  great  progress  has  been  made  with  the  interpretation  of  documents 
historical,  religious  and  legal,  and  now  any  trained  student  can  construe 
any  Egyptian  text  on  stone  or  papyrus,  in  whatever  form  of  character  it 
may  be  inscribed. 

There  is  one  matter  which  may  be  of  interest  to  those  who  desire  to 
extract  the  honey  of  political  information  from  the  dried  relics  of  antiquity, 
though  it  refers  to  a  question  of  social  rather  than  of  party  politics,  now  as 
then — I  mean  the  question  of  female  rights.     From  the  earliest  period  of 
Egyptian  history  the  wife  was  called  the  lady  of  the  house,  and  was  repre- 
sented as  the  equal  of  her  husband.     Monogamy  was,  if  not  obligatory,  all 
but  universal.     There  are  very  few  tombs  which  mention  more  than  one 
wife.     In  the  time  to  which  legal  documents  belong,  from  B.C.  700  to  the 
Christian  era,  marriage  settlements  were  carefully  drawn.     Those  which  are 
extant  are  much  more  in  favour  of  the  wife  than  even  those  which  the 
champions  of  female  rights  have  been  able  as  yet  to  wring  from  the  British 
Legislature  of  to-day.     Divorce  was  rendered  difficult  and  distasteful  to  the 
husband  by  the  provision  that  in  its  event  the  husband  paid  the  dowry  with 
interest  from  the  date  of  marriage — sometimes  at  33  per  cent.     He  had  to 
resign  all  family  rights  to  his  eldest  son,  who  became  the  head  of  the  family  ; 
and  the  only  condition  that  the  unfortunate  man  could  exact  in  his  favour 
was  that  he  should  be  fed,  and  subsequently  mummified.     It  is  scarcely 
surprising  that  bachelors  in  those  days  were,  as  I  hope  is  the  case  in  the 
present,  regarded  as  prudent,  if  not  praiseworthy  pillars  of  the  State.     I 
should  mention  that  the  best  early  instance  of  a  marriage  settlement  is  a 
draft  of  one  inscribed  on  a  dessert  plate,  and  which  is  now  in  the  Louvre. 
The  moral  which  may  be  drawn  from  the  domestic  incident  which  I  have 
related,  if  I  may  be  forgiven  for  digressing  into  anything  so  dangerous,  is 
that  if,  notwithstanding  these  abnormal  privileges  which  were  granted  to  the 
Egyptian  ladies,  the  civilization  of  that  country  lasted  from  B.C.  3500  to  341 
A.D.,  there  is  not  much  danger  to  be  apprehended  to  our  civilization  from  the 
modified  privileges  which  have  been  granted  to  the  gentler  sex  of  to-day. 
Let  me,  however,  pass  on  from  Egypt  to  Chaldean  and  Assyrian  researches. 
These,  since  the  discovery  of   Rawlinson,  of  the  reading  of   the  Assyrian 
characters  have  moved  on  with  the  same  rapidity  as  the  Egyptian.     Their 
bearing  on  Biblical  history  have  been  even  more  direct  than  that  of  the 
Egyptian.       For  we  find  authentic   records   of   the   relation   between    the 


IXAFOTTRAL    ADDRESS.  197 

Hebrew   kingdoms  and  the  Assyrian  from  the  time  of  Ahab  to  that  of 
Manasseh,  the  son  of  Hezekiah. 

The  British  Museum  contains  the  record  of  a  great  battle  fought  between 
Ahab  and  the  younger  Ben  Hadad  of  Syria  on  one  side,  and  Shalmanezer  II. 
of  Assyria  on  the  other  hand.  We  also  have  the  capture  of  Lachish  by 
Sennacherib,  and  the  annals  of  Sennacherib  giving  a  glowing  account  of  his 
wars  with  Hezekiah,  and  omitting  all  notice  of  his  disaster  before  Jerusalem. 
This,  however,  may,  as  the  newspapers  describe  it,  be  read  "  between  the 
lines."  Besides  the  historical  sculptures  and  manuscripts,  the  British  Museum 
contains  enough  of  the  library  of  Nineveh — which,  by  the  way,  was  arranged 
and  administered  very  much  like  the  British  Museum  of  the  present  day — 
to  fill,  if  translated,  some  300  octavo  volumes.  They  are  written  on  clay 
tablets,  like  cakes  of  soap.  Amongst  them,  the  most  curious,  is  the  Deluge 
tablet.  This  is  the  Babylonian  tradition  of  the  Deluge,  similar  to  the 
Hebrew  record  in  its  general  outline,  and  curiously  illustrating  it,  as  in  the 
case  of  the  raven,  which  did  not  return  to  the  ark,  because  as  he  is  described 
in  the  Babylonian  tradition  as  feeding  on  the  bodies  of  the  drowned. 

In  reference  to  the  Jewish  Antiquities,  the  most  important  discovery  in 
Palestine  of  late  years  has  been  that  of  the  Moabite  stone,  which  was  made 
twenty  years  ago.  It  is  the  tablet  of  Meslia,  King  of  Moab,  contemporary 
with  Omroy,  Ahab,  and  his  two  sons.  It  is  written  in  primitive  Hebrew 
characters  in  the  dialect  of  Hebrew  resembling  that  of  the  Book  of  Kings. 
More  recently  an  inscription  was  traced  at  the  Pool  of  Siloam  at  Jerusalem, 
which  had  been  engraved  under  either  Solomon  or  Hezekiah.  The  inscrip- 
tion states  that  the  engineers,  who  had  dug  a  tunnel  of  about  2,000  feet  in 
length  to  enable  the  water  to  enter  the  pool,  met,  like  those  engaged  in 
piercing  Mount  Cenis  in  recent  years,  with  absolute  accuracy  from  either 
side.  Xo  doubt  these  engineers  were  Phrenicians,  who  were  the  scientists 
of  those  days.  Numerous  records  and  remains  of  course  still  remain  to  be 
found,  but  the  ground  is  jealously  watched  by  the  Turks,  who  have  shown 
themselves  very  jealous  of  late,  but  who  made  one  important  concession  to 
antiquarian  science  by  establishing  as  curator  of  the  Museum  at  Stamboul 
a  German  gentleman  of  considerable  energy  and  experience, 

The  subject  of  Classical  Antiquities  is  too  large  for  the  limits  of  this 
address.  But  I  may  draw  passing  attention  to  the  recent  important  discoveries 
of  Dr.Schliemann.  (1)  Those  of  the  early  cities  in  the  plains  of  Troy,  existing 
B.C.  120O.  (2)  The  discovery  of  an  entombment  in  Mycenae  about  1200  B.r. 
also  where  Agamemnon  and  his  comrades  were  buried.  These  were  the 
remains  of  warriors  in  golden  armour,  whose  faces  were  covered  with  golden 
masks  on  which  features  are  still  traceable.  And  these,  from  the  art  of  the 
armour  and  of  the  objects  entombed  with  the  heroes,  point  unmistakeably  to 
the  fact  that  they  belong  to  the  period  of  the  Trojan  war.     (3)  The  dis- 


198  Transactions  for  thk  Year  1889-90. 

co very  at  Tiryus  of  a  primitive  Greek  palace,  like  the  house  of  Ulysses  in 
the  Odyssey,  and  of  the  site  of  the  ancient  temple  of  Aphrodite  in  Kythera 
(Cerigo). 

In  addition  to  these,  German  explorations  at  Olympia  have  resulted  in 
the  recovery  of  some  of  the  finest  works  of  sculpture,  and  of  the  most 
interesting  inscriptions  that  adorned  the  seat  of  the  great  Greek  games, 
while  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Athens  itself,  amongst  the  principal  of  recent 
topographical  discoveries  may  be  mentioned  (1)  the  walls  of  the  old  house  of 
Erectheus,  and  (2)  of  the  foundations  of  the  temple  of  Roma  and  Augustus. 

With  regard  to  the  latter,  though  the  existence  had  long  been  known, 
its  exact  position  has  only  been  definitely  fixed  by  the  light  of  recent  dis- 
coveries. It  stood  on  a  platform  of  Pireian  stone,  400  feet  east  of  the 
Parthenon.  It  was  a  circular  building,  surrounded  by  a  colonnade  of  nine 
Ionic  pillars.  Some  interesting  excavations  have  also  been  made  by  the 
British  School  of  Archaeology  in  Athens.  The  school,  which  owes  its  creation 
in  no  small  degree  to  the  energy  of  that  eminent  man  of  letters,  Sir  Charles 
Newton,  to  whom  I  have  already  referred,  but  whose  valuable  services  (to 
mankind)  can  never  be  adequately  acknowledged,  was  formally  opened  three 
or  four  years  ago.  Its  building  is  now  installed  in  the  slopes  of  Mount 
Hymettus,  from  whence  it  commands  a  wide  expanse  of  scenery,  rich  in 
historic  incident.  The  report  of  the  last  year's  work,  which  has  just  been 
issued,  tells  of  the  excavations  in  Cyprus,  in  connection  with  the  Cyprus 
Exploration  Fund,  and  of  the  discovery  of  the  supposed  site  of  Arsinoe  and 
Limniti ;  of  the  finding  of  Cypriote  inscriptions  and  of  artistic  objects  in 
pottery  and  terra-cotta ;  and  also  of  a  successful  series  of  experiments  at 
the  school  itself.  But  unfortunately  the  managers  of  the  school  have  found 
that  even  in  the  violet-crowned  city  the  question  of  the  res  augusta  domi 
will  assert  itself,  a  misfortune  all  the  more  mortifying  to  the  Phil-Hellenic 
Englishman,  when  he  observes  that  it  is  one  which  the  rival  schools  of 
poorer  nations  have  been  able  to  defy. 

There  are  other  branches  of  Greek  archaeology  that  call  for,  and  I  make 
no  doubt  have  received,  your  notice,  such  as  sculpture,  inscriptions,  numis- 
matics. On  the  latter  interesting  study  Sir  Charles  Newton  mentions  a 
valuable  addition  contributed  by  Mr.  R.  Stuart  Poole,  of  the  British  Museum, 
a  gentlemen,  the  extent  of  whose  learning  is  rivalled  by  that  of  his  kindly 
courtesy.  But  neither  your  time  nor  your  patience  would,  I  fear,  allow  me  to 
attempt  to  develope  any  fresh  matter.  I  leave  this  duty  to  those  experienced 
savants  who  are  to  follow  me.  I  have  already  run  rapidly  over  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  instances  that  serve  to  show  how  directly  the  study  of  archaeology  bears 
upon  those  matters  of  history  with  which  even  the  unlearned  are  acquainted 
and  concerned.  Of  course,  these  instances  could  be  multiplied  indefinitely, 
and  by  a  suitable  authority  no  doubt  a  serious  moral  might  be  drawn  and 
seriously  applied.     Happily,  however,  it  is  no  part  of  my  duty  to-day  to 


Inaugural  Address.  199 

point  a  moral  or  even  to  adorn  a  tale.  My  function  is,  if  I  may  be  pardoned  a 
simile  that  sounds  somewhat  of  the  kitchen,  to  provide  the  hors  d'osuvres  for 
the  banquet  that  is  to  follow.  I  own  I  look  forward  with  pleasure  to  the  visits 
we  are  to  pay  to  the  many  places  of  interest  to  which  we  have  been  kindly 
invited,  to  the  papers  that  will  be  read,  and  to  the  criticisms  that  will  follow. 
I  have  no  doubt  that  with  our  skilled  and  sagacious  secretaries,  Mr.  Bazeley 
and  Mr.  AYitts,  to  guide  us,  we  shall  accomplish  an  agreeable  and  successful 
meeting.  And  I  trust  that  as  a  reward  for  their  labours  these  gentlemen 
may  find  that  they  have  kindled  a  fire  of  archseologic  enthusiasm  in  Glouces- 
tershire that  will  never  be  allowed  to  slumber  or  to  sleep.  Throughout  the 
country  generally,  I  am  told,  the  evidence  of  numbers  declares  that  the 
interest  which  is  being  taken  in  the  puruit  of  archaeology  is  an  ever  widening 
circle.  That  this  should  be  so  is  scarcely  a  matter  for  surprise,  as  a  study 
which  brings  before  the  student  all  the  important  links  and  lights  of  history 
from  "  the  wide  grey  lampless  depths  "'  of  time  to  the  present  hour  is  well 
attuned  to  the  spirit  of  the  age  in  which  we  live. 

A  philosopher,  well  known  now  also  as  a  politician,  has  told  us  that 
since  the  beginning  of  the  present  century  the  critics  of  life  are  apt  to  pitch 
their  criticisms  in  a  high  poetic  key,  and  to  say  with  Woodworth  : 

The  human  nature  with  which  I  felt 
That  I  belonged  and  reverenced  with  love. 
Was  not  a  persistent  presence,  but  a  spirit 
Diffused  through  time  and  space,  with  aid  derived 
Of  evidence  from  monuments,  erect, 
Prostrate,  or  leaning  towards  the  common  rest 
On  earth,  the  widely-scattered  wreck  sublime 
Of  vanished  nations. 

For  those  who  share  the  poet's  sentiment,  what  science  can  be  more  sym- 
pathetic than  that  which  finds  the  text  of  its  teaching  alike  in  the  song  of 
the  peasant,  in  the  myths  and  legends  of  faded  superstitions,  in  the  cere- 
monies and  customs  of  varied  races,  in  the  Pyramids,  in  the  Parthenon,  and 
in  the  "  piled  up  arches  of  the  Coliseum  ?" 

And  such  is  the  wide  field  that  is  offered  to  the  student  of  archteology, 
in  which  he  is  free  to  find  the  germ  of  his  reflections  and  the  food  of  his 
philosophy.  Amongst  those  who  are  here  to-day  there  are,  I  daresay,  others 
besides  myself  who  can  scarcely  claim  the  title  of  the  archaeologist.  But  by 
our  presence,  and  by  our  membership,  we  wish  to  express  our  loyalty  to  the 
cause  which  the  Society  exists  to  further  and  to  advance ;  remembering,  if 
I  may  be  allowed  in  my  last  words  to  quote  again  from  Sir  Charles  Newton, 
that  archreology  is  "a  chain  of  continuous  tradition  which  connects  the 
civilised  nineteenth  century  with  the  races  of  the  primeval  world — which 
holds  together  this  great  brotherhood  in  bonds  of  attachment  more  enduring 
than  the  ties  of  national  consanguinity,  moi'e  enobling  even  than  the  recol- 
lections of  ancestral  glory — which,  traversing  the  ruins  of  empires,  unmoved 
by  the  shock  of  revolutions,  spans  the  abyss  of  time,  and  transmits  onward 
the  message  of  the  Past." 


200  Transactions  for  the  Year  1S89-90. 

Sir  Brook  Kay  proposed  a  hearty  vote  of  thanks  to  Mr.  Agg-Gardner 
for  undertaking  the  office  of  President  for  the  coming  year.  He  said  it  was 
extremely  kind  and  generous  of  him  to  accede  to  the  wishes  of  the  Society 
in  this  respect,  notwithstanding  the  many  calls  on  his  time. 

Mr.  Le  Blanc  seconded  the  motion,  which  was  carried  by  acclamation. 

Mr.  Agg-Gardner,  in  responding,  joined  in  the  expressions  of  regret 
which  had  already  been  made  at  the  loss  the  town  had  sustained  in  the  death 
of  so  cultured  a  citizen  as  Dr.  Day,  and  also  expressed  his  personal  regret 
that  owing  to  illness  Sir  John  Maclean  was  unable  to  be  with  them,  or  to 
stay  at  his  (Mr.  Agg-Gardner's)  house  during  the  Meeting  of  the  Society  in 
Cheltenham. 

This  ended  the  proceedings  at  the  Council  Chamber. 


Excursion  to  Swindon,  Stoke  Orchard,  Tredington  and  Boddington. 
After  lunch  at  the  Plough  Hotel,  a  large  party,  numbering  about  ninety, 
took  their  places  in  the  waggonettes  provided  for  them,  and,  precisely  at  two 
o'clock,  the  time  appointed,  started  for  the  purpose  of  inspecting  the  archaeo- 
logical features  of  Swindon,  Stoke  Orchard,  Tredington  and  Boddington. 

The  first  place  visited  was  the 

Church  of  Swindon. 
The  Members  were  met  at  the  porch  by  the  Rector,  the  Rev.  Gilbert  Day, 
and,  all  being  assembled  within  the  walls  of  the  church,  Mr.  Bazeley  sug- 
gested that  Mr.  Day  would  be  good  enough  to  describe  the  edifice,  but  he 
had  nothing  further  to  communicate  than  that  it  had  been  either  all  or  in 
part  rebuilt.  Mr.  Bazeley  thereupon,  in  the  unavoidable  absence  of  Prof. 
Middleton,  who  was  expected  to  describe  the  group  of  churches  in  this  day's 
programme,  was  good  enough  to  read  some  notes  on  these  churches  written 
by  the  late  Rev.  J.  L.  Petit,  a  very  high  authority  on  Architecture  and 
Ecclesiology,  and  not  of  less  interest  in  that  they  were  written  nearly 
forty -live  years  ago.1  Mr.  Petit  describes  the  Church  of  Swindon  as  having 
been  then  "partly  rebuilt,"  "but,"  he  adds,  "it  still  retains  its  curious 
Norman  western  tower,  of  an  hexagonal  form.  The  only  other  instance 
of  this  kind  with  which  I  am  acquainted  is  at  Ozleworth,  also  in  this 
county  ;  of  which  I  therefore  send  a  sketch  {Plate  XVI.),  though  it  is  not 
strictly  within  the  limits  of  which  I  proposed  to  keep  in  my  excursions. 
Ozleworth  Church  has  an  hexagonal  tower  between  the  nave  and  chancel. 
It  must  be  of  late  Norman,  as  the  western  arch  supporting  it  is  pointed 
and  of  a  decidedly  Early  English  character.  This  is  much  enriched  by  a 
kind  of  ornament  which  might  have  been  suggested  by  the  variety  of  ways 
in  which  the  chevron  is  laid  upon  the  architrave  in  late  Norman,  and  of 
which  we  have  noticed  examples.  It  consists  of  a  bold  open  work  of  cylin- 
ders forming  angles  with  each  other,  as  in  the  Norman  chevron,  but  of 
different  inclinations,  and  in  different  planes  ;  several  examples  are  to  be 
found  in  transitional  building." 

1  His  Notes  are  printed  in  the  Archaeological  Journal  for  1847,  p.  97  et  seq. 


> 

H 


Stoke  Orchard  Church.  201 

Mr.  BAZELEY.from  Fosbrook  (Vol.11.,  p. 372),  read  the  following  particulars 
of  the  later  devolution  of  the  Manor  of  Swindon.  He  said  it  long  continued 
in  the  Priory  of  St.  Oswald  until  the  dissolution  of  the  monasteries,  when  it 
passed  into  lay  hands.  The  Cliffords  of  Frampton,  the  Trotmans,  and  the 
Ashmeads,  were  successive  owners,  and  it  then  passed  to  the  Sturmys.  Mr. 
John  Sturmy  was  Lord  of  the  Manor  in  1700.  John  Stratford  succeeded, 
and  left  it  to  the  Beales,  who  held  it  until  recent  times. 

The  President  having  thanked  the  Rector  for  his  courtesy  to  the  Society, 
the  company  rejoined  the  vehicles.     A  delightful  drive  brought  the  party  to 

Stoke  Orchard  Church. 
Stoke  Orchard  is  a  chapelry  of  Bishop's  Cleeve,  and  contained  formerly  two 
manors,  one  here  and  the  other  in  the  Hundred  of  Tewkesbury.  It  was  an- 
ciently known  as  Stoke  Archer,  derived  from  a  family  of  the  name  of  Archer, 
by  whom  it  was  held  as  early  as  the  time  of  Rich.  I.,  when  Lettice,  relict  of 
Robert  Archer,  gave  the  King  four  marks  for  having  her  Dowry  near  Cleeve 
(1196),  and  in  7th  Edward  II.  (1313-4)  Richard,  son  and  heir  of  Richard, 
gave  40s.  relief  for  lands  held  at  Stokes  in  capite  by  petty  serjeanty,  viz., 
by  the  service  of  finding  a  man  in  time  of  war  with  bow  and  arrows  for  forty 
days  at  his  own  expense.  This  we  cite  from  Fosbroke,  Vol.  II.,  p.  356,  who 
gives  further  information  respecting  the  devolution  of  the  manor.  It  appears 
from  Kirbifs  Quest  that  at  that  time  (1284-1289)  Nicholas  le  Archer  held 
part  of  Stoke  by  the  service  above  described  (vide  Trans.  Vol.  XL,  p.  142), 
and  it  appears  from  the  Return  of  Lay  Subsidies,  3rd  Henry  IV.  V/  tnat 
Thomas  Berkeley,  of  Coberlye,  held  lands  and  tenements  at  Stoke  (Stoke 
Archer),  in  the  Hundred  of  Tewkesbury,  by  the  same  service  (Ibid,  p.  330). 

On  their  arrival  at  the  church  the  members  were  met  by  the  Rev.  B.  F. 
Hemming,  the  Rector  of  the  parish,  who  gave  them  a  cordial  welcome.  Mr. 
Bazeley  again  had  recourse  to  the  valuable  Notes  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  L.  Petit 
on  this  interesting  church.  Mr.  Petit  described  the  church  as  being  in  many 
respects  similar  to  the  Chapel  of  Postlip,  "  though  evidently  of  later  date  as 
regards  its  Norman  portions,  whilst  the  parts  which  are  added,  or  which  had 
been  rebuilt,  are  of  Early  Perpendicular."  We  make  no  apology  for  giving 
Mr,  Petit's  description  verbatim,  especially  as  we  are  able  to  give  with  it  that 
gentleman's  admirable  illustrations. 

Mr.  Petit  writes  :  "  The  edifice  consists  of  a  nave  and  chancel,  with  a 
belft-y  over  the  chancel  arch.  The  nave  has  a  small  round-headed  window, 
with  a  very  deep  splay  ;  the  width  of  the  window  being  only  eight  inches, 
while  that  of  the  aperture  on  the  internal  face  of  the  wall  is  5ft.  7ins.  It  has 
no  west  door,  but  a  south  one,  very  plain,  at  present  square-headed,  with  a 
semi-circular  label.  A  north  doorway  is  a  little  richer,  having  a  round  torus 
in  the  jamb,  but  without  any  capital  ;  it  has  a  label  with  a  very  concave 
inner  surface.  The  door  has  some  good  iron  work.  The  other  windows  of 
the  nave,  with  the  exception  of  the  one  inserted,  are  of  the  same  description 
with  that  at  the  west  end,  though  somewhat  smaller.  The  impost  of  the 
chancel  arch  is  that  of  a  Norman  arch  of  two  orders,  the  lower  one  resting 
on  an  engaged  shaft,  the  section  of  whose  base  approaches  to  Early  English, 
as  will  be  seen  by  comparing  it  with  that  of  Postlip.     The  arch  itself  is 


202 


Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 


pointed,  and  of  two  chamfered  orders,  and  I  take  it  to  belong  to  the  same 
period  as  the  central  belfry  and  chancel— early  Perpendicular  (fi<js.  9  cfc  10) 


Fig.  9. 


North  Pier  of  Chancel  Arch,  Stoke 
Orchard  Church. 


Fig.  10. 


Base  of  North  Pier  of  Stoke 
Orchard  Church. 


To  this  date  probably  belongs  also  a  buttress  on  the  north  side  of  the  nave 
and  those  supporting  the  chancel  arch.  The  windows  on  the  side  of  the 
chancel  are  squaredieaded,  though  with  arches  and  foliations  to  the  lights  ; 
and  the  eastern  window  is  a  pointed  one  of  two  lights.  The  piscina  occu- 
pies the  usual  place  in  the  south  wall.  The  font  is  a  fine  cylindrical  one 
of  Norman  character,  with  an  arcade  of  intersecting  arches.  The  dimensions 
of  the  building  are  as  follow  :— Breadth  of  nave  internally  19  ft.  10  ins., 
length  to  western  face  of  chancel  arch  44  ft. 
5  ins.,  depth  of  chancel  arch  3  ft.,  span  of 
chancel  arch  7  ft.  4  ins.,  breadth  of  chancel 
12  ft.  9  ins.,  length  of  ditto  to  eastern  face  of 
chancel  arch  18  ft.  5  ins.,  thickness  of  side 
walls  of  nave  2  ft.  7  ins,  height  of  wall  of 
nave  12  ft.  8  ins.,  height  of  wall  of  chancel 
to  spring  of  gable  12ft.  3ins."  Mr.  Petit  adds  in 
continuation  :  "  We  do  not  here  observe  the 
proportion  that  appears  in  the  last  example 
(Postlip).  The  building  is  altogether  longer  in 
proportion  to  its  breadth.  But  we  must  not 
omit  to  notice  the  elegant,  though  simple,  bell 
turret  over  the  chancel  arch.  The  pyramidical 
form  given   to   its   eastern   elevation,  as   seen 


from  the  north  and  south  by  similar  slopes, 
by  which  its  thickness  from  east  to  west  is 
made  to  taper  upwards.  The  arch  is  a  round 
one,  somewhat  depressed  or  segmental  "  (see 
Jig.  11  and  Plate  X  VII. ) 

These  particulars  having  been  given  by  the  General  Secretary,  the  Rev. 
B.  F.  Heming  addressed  a  few  words  to  those  present,  drawing  attention  to 
the  pieces  of  mural  decorations  on  the  west  wall  which  had  recently  been 
discovered.  They  were  inspected  with  much  curiosity,  and  the  suggestion 
was  thrown  out  that  it  might  be  well  to  take  tracings  of  them.  One  of  the 
three  figures  brought  to  light  is  evidently  that  of  Our  Lord,  but  as  to  who 
the  others  are  intended  to  represent  there  is  nothing  to  aid  conjecture. 


Fig.  11. 
Bell  Turret,  Stoke  Orchard  Church. 


X 


|IV\\ 

■Ate  ,18  ill! 

Ji 

11,1     "II 


S'l. 


1 .' TO 

Mm 

■'••'Mi 

I  !/'■///■'     '.I    ;J:| 


Boddixgtox  Maxor.  203 

From  the  church  the  party  proceeded  to  the  manor-house,  in  the  grounds 
behind  which  the  line  of  the  old  moat  was  clearly  defined.  From  Stoke 
Orchard  the  excursionists  proceeded  to  the  quaint  old 

Norman  Church  of  Tredington. 
Through  some  accident  the  Rev.  G.  E.  Webster  was  not  present  to  receive 
them  on  their  arrival,  but  came  in  soon  afterwards.  In  the  meantime  the 
Rev.  W.  Bazeley  acted  as  guide  and  made  some  remarks  on  the  building. 
He  was  followed  by  the  Rev.  John  Green,  Mr.  Webster's  predecessor,  who 
had  been  for  many  years  rector  of  the  parish. 

Mr.  Grekn  mentioned  that  the  church  was  dedicated  to  St.  John  the 
Baptist,  and  was  one  of  the  most  interesting  in  the  county  of  Gloucester.  In 
his  subsequent  remarks  he  said  that  :  "The  first  object  which  attracts  the 
attention  of  visitors  is  the  shaft  of  a  lofty  cross  of  the  14th  century,  standing 
on  the  south  side  of  the  church.  It  is  mounted  on  four  steps,  measuring, 
respectively,  10ft.,  8ft.  4ins.,  6ft.  4ins.,  and  4ft.  9ins  square.  The  shaft  itself 
is  a  slender  tapering  octagonal  monolith,  12ft.  8  ins.  in  height.  Three  or  four 
drill-holes  and  a  rough  surface  on  the  east  face  indicate  the  place  where 
either  an  escutcheon  or  small  crucifix  was  attached.1 

Upon  a  tomb  facing  the  south  porch,  to  the  memory  of  one  of  the  family 
of  Surman,  1687,  is  placed  a  slab,  elaborately  carved,  and  of  a  much  earlier 
date  than  the  other  portions,  and  which  appears  to  have  been  the  ancient 
altar,  as  traces  of  the  four  crosses  at  the  corners,  and  the  small  receptacle  for 
relics  in  the  centre,  are  still  traceable.  The  position  of  the  ancient  chapel 
may  be  traced  on  the  exterior  of  the  north  wall  of  the  nave  and  adjoining 
the  ancient  north  doorway,  and  in  the  interior  of  the  church  by  a  window 
of  the  sixteenth  century. 

There  is  a  Sacrarmm,  or  niche,  on  the  north  side  of  the  altar — "locus  quo 
res  sacra  reponunter."  A  direction  for  making  such  niche  occurs  in  the  7th 
of  Archbishop  Peckham's  Constitutions  at  Reading,  1279. 

There  still  remains  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel,  but  considerably 
below  the  level  of  the  present  seat,  a  stone  bench  or  long  stone  seat,  sugges- 
tive of  the  chancel  having  been  built  and  used  for  a  choir,  a  grange  having 
once  existed  in  the  parish  in  connection  with  the  Monastery  of  Lanthony. 
It  has  been  thought  by  some,  however,  that  the  present  chancel  was  the 
original  church. 

The  decayed  transverse  beam  above  the  chancel  arch,  and  in  the  nave, 
indicates  the  position  of  the  ancient  rood.  A  portion  of  the  cross  is  to  be  seen 
at  Tredington  Court. 

It  remains  only  to  notice  the  tympanum  above  the  north  doorway— this 
north  entrance  is  blocked  up.  Bloxam,  in  the  first  volume  of  his  Gothic 
Ecdcsiological  Architecture,  p.  130,  describes  one  of  similar  construction  at 
Pedmore  Church,  Worcestershire,  which  has  a  rudely-sculptured  figure  of 
our  Saviour  in  the  centre  with  his  right  arm  upheld,  while  on  either  side  are 
two  of  the  Evangelistic  Symbols. 

1  See  Pooley's  Crosses,  p.  30. 


204  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

The  ancient  bell-cote  at  the  west  end  of  the  church  was  superseded  in 
the  beginning  of  last  century  by  a  wooden  tower  containing  five  bells  pre- 
sented by  members  of  the  Surman  and  Cartwright  families,  and  cast  by  the 
great  bell-founders  of  that  period,  the  Rudhalls,  of  Gloucester.  The  present 
tower  is  the  gift  of  the  late  John  Surman,  Esq. ,  who  had  a  great  affection 
for  the  church  and  parish,  and  who  laid  out  the  churchyard  and  recast  the 
tenor  bell  during  his  lifetime. 

The  registers  which  contain  several  interesting  entries  are  torn  and 
imperfect ;  they  are,  no  doubt,  of  the  date  1538,  when  a  Register  of  Bap- 
tisms, Weddings  and  Burials  was  enjoined  to  be  kept  in  every  church. 

The  Register  of  Burials  shews  that  the  ravages  of  the  Plague  iu  this 
parish  in  the  autumn  of  1610  and  spring  of  1611  were  very  great.1 

The  chalice  and  paten  are  of  the  time  of  Elizabeth. 
The  company  next  proceeded  to 

BODDINGTON    MANOR, 

where  they  were  very  cordially  received  and  hospitally  entertained  at  after- 
noon tea  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gibbons.  Having  partaken  of  tea,  coffee,  and 
fruit  and  other  refreshments,  abundantly  provided,  they  had  the  privilege  of 
inspecting  Mr.  Gibbons'  valuable  collection  of  Pictures,  in  which  there  are 
some  fine  examples  of  the  works  of  the  best  English  and  other  masters. 

Mr.  Gibbons  then  read  a  Paper  on  Boddington  Manor,  in  which  he  related 
some  traditions  and  incidents  connected  with  the  manor  and  house  from  the 
time  of  King  Alfred  down  to  the  great  rebellion  of  the  17th  century,  and 
mentioned  some  relics  of  the  last  mentioned  period,  which  had  been  found 
in  the  moat,  and  quoted  some  entries  in  the  churchwardens'  accounts. 

The  warm  thanks  of  the  Society  having  been  given  to  Mr.and  Mrs.  Gibbons, 
and  an  inspection  made  of  the  moat,  the  exterior  of  the  old  mansion  and 
other  objects  of  interest,  the  party  left  Boddington  for  Cheltenham,  well 
satisfied  with  the  day's  excursion. 

THE  ANNUAL  DINNER. 
The  Annual  Dinner  of  the  Society  was  held  in  the  evening  at  the  Plough 
Hotel.     The  President  in  the  chair.     The  only  toast  given  was  that  of  "  The 
Queen,"  and  the  company  then  adjourned  for  the 

EVENING  MEETING, 
which  was  held  at  the  Municipal  Offices,  Mr.  Agg-Gardner  again  presiding. 
The  first  Paper  read  was  by  Mrs.  Bagnall-Oakeley,  entitled  Sanctuary 
Knockers.  The  paper  traced  the  origin  and  history  of  Sanctuaries — places 
privileged  by  the  Church  or  Sovereign  wherein  offenders  could  not  be 
arrested  without  sacrilege — and  Mrs.  Oakeley  quoted  from  ancient  docu- 
ments a  description  of  the  process  by  which  fugitives  obtained  the  security 
of  the  Sanctuary  at  various  times  and  in  various  places.  Two  drawings  were 
exhibited  of  Sanctuary  Knockers — one  of  a  knocker  at  Durham  Cathedral, 
and  the  other  of  a  knocker  at  the  Church  of  St.  Nicholas,  Gloucester.  This 
Paper  is  printed  in  extenso  ante  page  131. 

1  See  "Gloucestershire  Notes  and  Queries,"  Vol.  II.,  p.  71-88. 


Postlip  Hall  and  Chapel.  205 

Prof.  Middletost  next  read  a  portion  of  a  Paper  he  had  written,  com- 
paring Roman  domestic  architecture  in  Rome  with  similar  architecture  in 
this  country,  showing  how  the  Romans,  as  a  practical  people,  adapted 
themselves  to  the  climate  in  which  they  lived,  and  used  the  materials  at 
hand  for  building.  At  the  suggestion  of  the  General  Secretary,  Professor 
Middleton  agreed  to  read  the  remainder  of  his  paper  at  the  inspection  of 
Spoonley  Villa  on  Wednesday.     See  his  remarks  post. 

The  last  Paper  was  read  by  Mr.  R.  Taylor,  of  Edge  House,  near  Stroud, 
and  was  entitled  A  Plea  for  Old  Tools.  In  it  the  writer  described  some  of 
the  tools,  articles  of  domestic  use,  and  various  implements  which  were  in 
use  50  years  or  a  century  ago,  which  are  now  obsolete  and  almost  entirely 
lost.  

WEDNESDAY,  17th  July,  1889. 
A  large  party,  consisting  of  about  100  members  and  their  friends,  started 
this  morning  at  9.30  to  make  a  long  excursion  to  visit  Southam  House, 
Cleeve  Hill  Camp,  Postlip  Hall  and  Chapel,  Winchcombe,  Spoonley  Roman 
Villa,  Sevenhampton  Church,  and  Whittington  Court  and  Church.  The  first 
halting  place  was 

Southam  House, 

a  mediaeval  mansion  built  by  Sir  John  Huddleston  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
loth  century.  It  is  now  occupied  by  the  Rev.  J.  T.  C.  Stacey,  through 
whose  courtesy  the  Society  was  permitted  to  visit  it.  It  is  not  the  Manor 
House.     That  is  situated  near  the  chapel,  a  few  hundred  yards  distant. 

The  house  was  visited  by  the  Society  on  the  occasion  of  its  meeting  at 
Cheltenham  in  1879,  but,  of  course,  many  of  the  members  then  present  are 
no  longer  with  us.  At  the  time  referred  to  the  late  Mr.  S.  H.  Gael  acted  as 
guide,  and  gave  a  historical  account  of  the  building  and  a  description  of  the 
portraits  and  of  the  heraldry  in  the  house.  Mr.  Le  Blanc  was  good  enough 
to  read  Mr.  Gael's  paper  for  the  edification  of  those  present.  It  is  printed 
in  the  Transactions  of  the  Society,  Vol.  IV.,  pp.  21-23. 

On  the  conclusion  of  these  remarks  the  party  made  a  hurried  inspection 
of  the  suites  of  rooms,  and  the  President  expressed  to  Mr.  Stacey  the  thanks 
of  the  Society  for  his  obliging  kindness,  and  to  Mr.  Le  Blanc  for  reading  the 
paper.     The  journey  was  them  resumed  to 

Cleeve  Hill  Camp, 
which  was  described  by  Mr.  G.  B.  Witts,   and   a  Paper   by  him  on  the 
subject  will  be  printed  in  extenso  post. 

Postlip  Hall  and  Chapel, 
nestling  in  its  Cotswold  Vale,  was  one  of  the  most  picturesque  of  Gloucester- 
shire homes.  With  its  many  gables,  its  giey,  antiquated  walls,  its  array  of 
dormer  windows,  and  its  quaintly-carved  sheep  on  the  chimney-stack  it  would 
have  sent  Washington  Irving  into  an  ecstacy  of  delight,  which  would  have 
been  increased  on  his  entering  the  house  and  seeing  the  rich  old  oak  carving 
and  wainscoting  in  rooms  pervaded  by  the  air  of  substantial  old-fashioned 
English  comfort.  The  house  was  much  admired,  and  the  visitors  would 
have  been  glad  to  learn  something  of  its  history,  but  information  on  that 
point  was  not  forthcoming.     The  chief  interest,  from  an  archaeological  point 

Vol.  XIV.         p 


20fi  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

of  view,  centres  in  the  chapel,  which  stands  on  rising  ground  at  the  back  of 
the  Hall,  and  has  long  been  desecrated.  It  was  dismantled  at  the  time  of 
the  Revolution,  and  is  now  nothing  more  than  a  barn.  Invited  to  describe  its 
architectural  features,  Mr.  J.  H.  Middleton,  F.S.A. ,  the  Slade  Professor  of 
Fine  Art  in  the  University  of  Cambridge,  said  it  was  an  interesting  and  very 
characteristic  specimen  of  Norman  work  of  about  the  year  1150.  Not  much 
was  known  of  its  history,  except  that  it  seemed  to  have  been  served  by  the 
Benedictine  monks  from  the  neighbouring  Abbey  of  Winchcombe.  The  most 
remarkable  thing  about  it  was  the  small  opening  and  external  corbel  in  the 
south  wall  of  the  nave,  at  a  considerable  height  above  the  floor  :  this  sort  of 
"high  side  window  "  was  not  uncommon  in  English  churches  at  one  time, 
but  the  use  of  it  died  out  rather  early  ;  it  was  intended  to  hold  what  was 
called  the  Poor  .Soul  Light — a  lamp  lighted  every  night  to  invite  passers-by, 
or  those  who  saw  it  at  a  distance,  to  pray  for  the  souls  of  the  dead.  In 
France  it  was  sometimes  placed  in  a  round  tower,  like  a  miniature  light- 
house ;  in  England  it  was  usually  in  the  form  of  a  high  side  window,  and 
was  found  in  examples  mostly  in  the  12th  and  13th  centuries.  Attention 
was  also  directed  to  the  Norman  doorway  and  the  low  chancel  arch  (Norman) 
which  suggested  comparison  with  that  seen  at  Tredington  on  the  previous 
day.  Some  remarks  on  the  chapel  from  Mr.  Petit's  notes  on  the  Archaeology 
of  the  neighbourhood  of  Cheltenham,  were  read  by  the  General  Secretary  (the 
Rev.  Wm.  Bazeley),  and  then,  in  welcome  sunshine,  the  party  rejoined  the 
brakes,  with  appetites  sharpened  by  the  Cotswold  breezes,  for  the  refresh- 
ment awaiting  them  at  Winchcombe.     On  arrival  there, 

The  Rev.  W.  Bazeley,  as  at  Stoke  Orchard,  read  some  remarks  on  Post- 
lip  Hall  and  Chapel  from  the  late  Rev.  J.  L.  Petit's  Architectural  Notes  in 
the  neighbourhood  forty-five  years  ago,  to  which  we  have  before  alluded. 

Mr.  Petit  writes  of  the  Manor  House,  that  it  is  practically  Elizabethan, 
exhibits  Perpendicular  features,  and,  he  adds,  that  the  chapel  seems  to  have 
been  touched  by  the  same  architect  who  designed  or  added  to  the  hall,  for 
its  east  and  west  windows  are  late  Perpendicular,  and  its  belfry  evidently 
belongs  to  a  later  period,  probably  that  in  which  the  Elizabethan  part  of 
the  hall  was  built.  He  writes  further  :  "  There  are  some  chimney-pieces  of 
the  last  named  period  remaining  in  the  house  (which  is  now  only  tenanted 
by  labourers)."  He  mentions  a  fine  old  barn  among  the  farm  buildings, 
apparently  of  the  Tudor  period,  the  coping  of  one  of  the  gables  has  the  figure 
of  a  man  standing  upright. 

Of  the  chapel  he  says  :  "  It  consists  of  a  nave  and  chancel,  the  belfry, 
which  is  comparatively  modern,  stands  over  the  chancel-arch.  On  the  south 
side  is  a  fine  doorway  with  a  semi-circular  arch  of  one  order,  supported  by 
a  shaft,  and  enriched  with  chevrons  on  the  surface  of  the  archivolt.  The 
label  is  ornamented  with  balls  on  its  inner  surface,  and  the  arch  is  filled  up 
with  a  transom  covered  with  scale-work,  above  a  band  of  work  not  uncom- 
mon in  advanced  Norman,  which  may  be  described  as  a  series  of  St.  Andrew's 
crosses.  The  same  appears  on  the  capitals  of  the  shafts.  The  nave  has  one 
narrow  Norman  window  on  the  south  side,  and  a  corresponding  one  on  the 
north  side.  It  has  also  the  remains  of  a  north  door.  The  chancel  has  one 
window  similar  to  those  of  the  nave  on  each  side,  the  internal  splays  being 
very  deep." 


X 


h4 


•Oz 


Postlip  Hall  and  Chapf.l. 


207 


The  later  features  are,  in  the  nave,  a  pointed  plain  niche  on  the  north 

side,  near  the  chancel  arch,  and  a  trefoiled  piscina  on  the  south  side.     The 

roof  is  a  timber  one,  which  seems  as  late  as  the  16th  century.  In  the  chancel 

is  a  plain  pointed  niche  on  the  north  side,  which  has  no  appearance  of  having 

been  used  as  a  piscina.  There  are 
neither  sedilia,  piscina,  nor  door, 
on  the  south  side  of  the  chancel. 
But  the  principal  feature  is  the 
chancel  arch,  a  round  one,  of  two 
orders,  enriched,  to  the  west- 
ward with  the  chevron  (on  the 
surface  of  the  outer  order  of  the 
archivolt),the  billet  (on  the  label) 
and  the  ornament  I  have  already 
mentioned,  in  a  band  round  the 
inner  order  of  the  arch,  and  the 
abacus  of  the  capitals  (fig.  12). 
The  eastern  face  of  the  arch  is 
comparatively  plain.  The  outer 
order  of  the  arch  (to  the  west- 
ward) is  supported  by  a  shaft 
occupying  the  usual  position  be- 
tween two  salient  angles.  The 
Fig.  12,  Chancel  Arch,  Postlip.  inner  order  on  a  larger  engaged 

shaft.  The  base  has  the  claw  that  appears  at  Romsey  and  in  other  examples  ; 

and  its  mouldings  shew  it 

to  be  very   pure   (though 

not  the  earliest)  Norman 

(fid.  13).  The  chapel  is  now 

only  used  as  a  barn,  and 

the   chancel  is  altogether 

unroofed  (Plate  X  VIII. ) 

Considering  Mr.  Petit's 
detailed  description  of  this 
little  sacred  building  at 
the  time  he  wrote  of  un- 
usual interest,  we  have 
given  it  very  fully,  for 
though  it  had  been  dese-  Fig.  13,  Base  of  Shaft  of  Arch,  Postlip. 

crated  and  converted  to  common  uses   before  he  wrote,  doubtless  it  has 
undergone  greater  changes  since. 

The  devolution  of  the  Manor  and  Chapel  of  Postlip  is  not  so  obscure 
as  has  been  supposed.  It  was  one  of  the  sixteen  manors  in  the  county  held 
by  Ansfrid  de  Cormeilles  at  the  time  of  the  Domesday  Survey.  Ansfrid's 
son  or  grandson,  Richard,  had  a  son  and  heir,  Walter,  whose  daughter  and 
heir,  Margaret,  married  Hugh  de  Poer,  by  whom  she  had  a  daughter  and 
coheir,  who  became  the  wife  of  Simon  Solers.  William  de  Solers,  at  the 
request  of  his  tenants,  built  a  chapel  in  the  time  of  Stephen,  and  dedicated 
it  to  St.  James,  and  endowed  the  Abbey  of  Tewkesbury  with  lands  and 
p2 


208  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

tithes  on  condition  that  the  monks  should  find  a  chaplain  to  perform  Divine 
service  in  the  chapel  on  Sundays,  Holydays,  Wednesdays,  and  Fridays, 
Fosbrooke,  from  whom  these  particulars  are  derived,  shews  the  devolution 
of  the  manor  down  to  the  present  time  (see  Vol.  II. ,  p.  347.) 

The  party  then  proceeded  to 

WlNCHCOMBE, 

where  luncheon  had  been  provided  in  the  schoolroom.  The  President 
occupied  the  chair.  After  the  luncheon,  a  very  interesting  announcement 
was  made  by  the  Rev.  F.  E.  Warren,  Vicar  of  Frenchay,  who  stated  on  the 
authority  of  M.  Delisle  that  a  10th  century  Winchcombe  missal  had  been 
discovered  in  the  town  library  at  Orleans.  The  explanation  of  the  matter, 
he  said,  seems  to  be  this.  In  the  10th  century  a  monk  from  the  monastery 
of  Fleury  sur  Loire  was  sent  over  by  Oswald,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  to  intro- 
duce the  Benedictine  rule  at  Winchcombe.  He,  on  his  return  to  France, 
carried  the  service  book  with  him,  and  it  remained  at  Fleury  until  the 
French  Revolution,  when  a  great  part  of  the  library  of  the  monastery  was 
destroyed,  but  this  particular  volume  came  into  the  hands  of  the  Town 
Council  at  Orleans,  and  can  now  be  seen  in  the  library  of  that  city.  It  is  to 
be  hoped,  said  Mr.  Warren,  that  the  future  local  historian  would  make  an 
effort  to  inspect  it.  These  old  missals  are  not  only  interesting  from  a  litur- 
gical point  of  view,  but  often  contained  entries  respecting  the  manumission 
of  serfs  and  other  matters  of  ai'chreological  value.  The  Rev.  W.  Bazeley  in 
thanking  Mr.  Warren  for  the  information,  promised  that  he  would  call  the 
attention  of  Mr.  Royce,  who  was  engaged  in  .  editing  the  cartularies  of 
Winchcombe  Abbey,  to  the  subject. 

After  an  interval  of  about  half-an-hour,  during  which  the  excursionists 
strolled  through  the  town,  the  ancient  capital  of  Mercia,  of  which  an 
admirable  history  has  been  published  by  Mrs.  Dent,  and  inspected  the  church 
and  other  objects  of  interest,  among  which  was  a  Fire  Engine  just  a  century 
old,  and  the  Public  Stocks,  preserved  under  the  Town  Hall,  the  journey  was 
resumed  to  visit  the 

Roman  Villa  at  Spoon  lev. 
A  drive  over  a  difficult  road,  passing  Sudeley  on  the  left,  brought  them 
to  Spoonley  Wood.  The  villa  reached  at  last,  Mrs.  Dent,  of  Sudeley  Castle, 
whose  interest  in  archaeology  is  well  known,  and  to  whose  permission  the 
Society  was  indebted  for  the  present  variation  of  the  day's  proceedings, 
was  introduced  by  the  Rev.  W .  Bazeley.  Mr.  Bazeley  then  explained  that 
the  villa  was  discovered  some  six  or  seven  years  ago,  and  created  a  great 
deal  of  interest  at  that  time.  For  two  years  it  lay  open,  and  was  so  injured 
by  frost,  rabbits,  and  also,  he  was  afraid,  by  visitors,  that  Mrs.  Dent  thought 
fit  to  restore  the  stones  to  the  position  in  which  they  were  first  found,  and 
to  cover  over  the  best  of  the  pavements,  one  of  which,  however,  she  had  had 
removed,  rather  earlier,  to  Sudeley  Castle.  The  ground  plan  was  as  perfect 
as  that  of  any  Roman  villa  he  had  seen,  and  in  the  restoration  it  had  been 
faithfully  preserved.  These  remains,  Mr.  Bazeley  added,  were  those  of  the 
villa  urbana,  or  the  residence  of  the  proprietor  of  the  estate  ;  the  villa 
ruatica,  or  farm,  was  still  unexcavated,  and  he  hoped  that  at  some  future 
time  Mrs.  Dent  would  allow  them  to  open  it. 


Roman  Villa  at  Spoonley.  209 

Professor  MlDDLETON  then  gave  a  lucid  address  on  Roman  Domestic 
Architecture,  with  especial  reference  to  the  points  of  difference  between  that 
in  England  and  that  in  Italy.  He  said  much  had  been  written  about  the 
Roman  house  as  if  there  were  one  tixed  type  of  plan  ;  but  this  was  a  mistake. 
There  was  really  an  endless  variety,  determined  by  considerations  of  site, 
surroundings,  cost  of  ground,  and  whether  the  house  was  situated  in  town 
or  country.  The  Romans  adapted  their  buildings  with  great  practical  skill  to 
different  requirements,  and  thus  a  different  house  was  needed  in  a  very  rainy 
country  where  cold  lasts  longer  than  in  Italy.  In  Britain  the  climate  affected 
the  plan  of  the  house,  as  seen  in  the  absence  of  the  Atrium  or  open  Peristyle. 
The  windows  were  universally  glazed  (in  Italy  not  always),  and  a  more 
extensive  use  of  hypocausts  and  flue-tiles  was  needed  to  warm  the  rooms. 
For  fuel,  coal  was,  in  some  cases,  though  rarely,  used  as  well  as  wood, 
especially  near  the  Forest  of  Dean.  Another  important  point  of  difference 
was  that  of  materials  In  Italy  the  Romans  used  pozzolaua,  which  made  a 
cement  concrete  like  solid  stone  ;  in  this  country,  that  material  not  being 
available,  the  walls  were  not  made  of  concrete,  but  of  rubble  frequently, 
with  lacing  courses  of  brick.  Vaults  were  rarer,  and  there  were  more  wood 
floors.  Upper  storeys  seem  always  to  have  been  built,  often  of  wood,  which 
was  plentiful  in  Britain,  and  half-timbered  work  was  used  much  like  that  of 
medieval  houses.  The  roofs  in  Italy  were  usually  tiled,  or,  in  costly  build- 
ings covered  with  marble  or  bronze  ;  here  they  were  more  commonly  covered 
with  the  so-called  Stonefield  slate,  fastened  with  large  iron  nails.  The 
hypocausts,  owing  to  the  lack  of  pozzolaua,  were  made  either  with  pike  very 
closely  set,  or  simply  a  series  of  flues  ran  horizontally  through  the  concrete 
mass  of  the  floor.  Marble  was  very  little  employed,  though  in  temples  in 
the  south  of  Britain  blocks  of  white  Luna  marble  did  occur,  and  at  Silchester 
the  Basilica  had  crustoz  of  white  marble.  As  a  rule,  however,  there  was  no 
marble,  and  so  mosaics  of  similar  design  to  those  in  Italy  were  made  with 
tessera;  of  red  clay,  blue  lias,  and  brown  and  white  limestone.  Glass  tessene 
did  not  occur  in  Britain  as  a  rule.  The  water  supply  and  baths  of  the 
Roman-British  houses  were  influenced  by  the  fact  of  lead  being  much  more 
plentiful  in  Britain  than  in  Italy,  as  well  as  water.  The  pipes  were  not 
made  of  clay  or  stone,  but  of  very  thick  lead.  Water  was  laid  on  to  upper 
floors,  and  in  streets  a  central  main  was  laid  down,  with  rising  mains 
branching  right  and  left.  The  hot  baths  were  sometimes  lined  with  lead  of 
great  thickness  as  illustrated  by  the  plates  found  in  the  great  bath  at 
Bath,  which  the  Corporation  of  that  place  were  barbarous  enough  to  sell 
as  old  metal.  The  lead  was  obtained  from  mines  in  the  Mendip  hills, 
in  Shropshire,  and  Cornwall.  As  in  Italy,  the  cold  baths  were  lined  with 
opus  signinum,  made  of  lime  and  pounded  pottery.  Amid  the  differences 
thus  described,  the  methods  of  decoration  in  Roman  houses  generally  were 
the  same.  Mosaics  with  exactly  similar  patterns  were  found  in  examples 
in  Italy,  Greece,  Africa,  Gaul,  and  Britain.  The  painting  and  stucco 
reliefs  were  also  of  the  same  character,  only  perhaps  in  mouldings  of  stone 
and  in  sculpture  a  local  rudeness  was  sometimes  observable.  The  general 
plan  of  Roman  towns  in  Britain  was  often  modelled  on  a  military  castrum 
Gloucester  and  Chichester  are  examples  of  this,  in  which  wc  still  sec  the  four 
main  streets  in  the  centre,  where  in  mediaeval  times  the  cross  was  erected. 
Turning  from  the  general  subject  of  his  notes  to  that  of  the  villa  at  Spoonley, 


210  Transactions  fok  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

the  Professor  said  it  was  quite  impossible  to  mark  out  the  special  purpose  to 
which  each  room  was  applied,  but  doubtless  the  sleeping  apartments  were 
upstairs.  In  the  middle  of  the  central  block  was  the  Tablinum  and  the  winter 
triclinium  :  near  it  was  the  kitchen,  and  a  great  part  of  one  of  the  wings  was 
taken  up  by  hot  and  cold  baths.  From  the  mouldings  on  the  capitals  he 
should  be  inclined  to  believe  that  the  date  of  the  villa  was  not  before  200  ; 
it  might  have  been  earlier  than  that,  but  probably  it  was  not  older  than 
the  time  of  Severus.  The  sincere  thanks  of  all  antiquaries  are  due  both  to 
Mrs.  Dent  and  Mr.  Bazeley  for  the  money  and  care  that  have  been  expended 
on  the  excavation  of  this  most  interesting  Roman  house,  and  the  very  suc- 
cessful measures  which  they  have  taken  for  its  future  preservation. 

At  the  conclusion  of  this  address,  the  visitors  inspected  the  carefully- 
preserved  pavement,  and  the  collection  of  Roman  pottery,  coins,  and  other 
relics,  which  had  been  found  in  the  excavation,  and  which  Mrs.  Dent  had 
caused  to  be  brought  from  Sudeley  Castle  expressly  for  the  occasion.  Before 
leaving,  the  President,  in  the  name  of  the  Society,  thanked  the  Lady  of 
Sudeley  for  her  kind  and  courteous  reception,  and  added,  that  possibly  on 
some  future  occasion  they  might  revisit  Spoonley,  to  inspect  the  villa  rustica, 
which  had  yet  to  be  opened.  Mrs.  Dent  replied  that  she  had  been  most 
pleased  to  welcome  the  Society,  and  she  should  be  delighted  if  the  members 
came,  each  with  a  spade,  to  continue  the  excavations  :  if  they  did  so  she 
would  provide  the  bread  and  cheese,  and  they  might  be  rewarded  for  their 
pains  by  some  discovery  of  importance. 

In  great  good  humour  the  antiquaries  retraced  their  steps  through  the 
tangled  albeit  particularly  sloppy  wood,  to  Waterhatch  farm,  where  the 
brakes  were  in  waiting  for  them.  Owing,  however,  to  the  hilly  nature  of 
the  road  for  a  couple  of  miles  or  so,  a  considerable  amount  of  pedestrian 
exercise  had  to  be  taken  before  the  drive  could  be  fairly  resumed.  A  great 
deal  of  time  was  thus  lost,  and  as  the  party,  by  the  kind  invitation  of  Mrs. 
Dobell,  were  to  have  afternoon  tea  at 

Whittington  Court 
at  five  o'clock,  one  feature  of  the  programme  was  of  necessity  omitted.  This 
was  regretted,  as  the  members  were  unavoidably  deprived  of  the  pleasure  of 
a  visit  to  Sevenhampton  Church,  upon  which  the  Rev.  J.  Melland  Hall,  for- 
merly vicar  of  the  parish,  was  to  have  read  a  paper.  The  paper  will,  however, 
appear  in  due  course  in  the  printed  Transactions,  so  that  it  will  not  be  lost 
to  the  Society.  At  Whittington  Court  a  cordial  and  hospitable  welcome  was 
extended  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dobell,  and,  after  tea,  the  visitors  inspected  the 
adjacent  church,  where  they  were  received  by  the  rector,  the  Rev.  A.  C. 
Lawrence.  The  church,  though  small,  and  by  so  called  restoration  consider- 
ably modernised  in  general  appearance,  contains  elements  of  antiquity  and 
interest.  The  objects  which  principally  attracted  the  notice  of  the  archae- 
ologists were  the  two  recumbent  effigies  now  at  the  west  end,  concerning 
which  Mr.  Albert  Hartshorne  has  some  notes  in  his  Paper  on  Monumental 
Effigies  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Cheltenham,  printed  in  the  fourth  volume 
of  the  Transactions  of  the  Society.  The  effigies  are  of  stone,  and  of  the  early 
part  of  the  14th  century  ;  the  armorial  bearings  on  their  shields  showing 
them  to  represent  members  of  the  ancient  family  of  Crupes.  The  Roll  of 
Arms  of  Peers  and  Knights  in  the  reign  of  Edw.  II.  gives  the  arms  of  this 


Whittington  Coukt.  211 

family  thus  : — "  Sir  Richard  de  Crupes,  de  argent  a  vi  muscles  de  youles  e  un 
label  de  azure.'"  Fusils,  however,  and  not  mascles,  are  shown  on  the  shield, 
which  was  doubtless  a  blunder  on  the  part  of  the  local  sculptor.  The  effigies 
represent  Richard  de  Crupes,  who  died  in  1278,  and  his  son  of  the  same 
name  who  was  living  in  1316.  Richard  de  Crupes  possessed  the  manor  of 
Whittington  in  the  time  of  Henry  III.,  and  had  a  grant  of  markets,  fairs, 
and  free  warren  here  in  1256.  The  grant  was  allowed  in  the  proceedings  on 
a  writ  of  quo  warranto  in  15th  Edward  I.,  and  the  family  appear  to  have 
flourished  at  Whittington  until  the  middle  of  the  14th  century.  A  peculiarity 
about  these  effigies,  remarks  Mr.  Hartshorne,  is  an  extra  protection  or  facing 
over  the  brow  and  temples.  They  both  exhibit  surcotes  of  great  length, 
hauberks  and  quilted  gambesons,  and  are  carved  with  much  freedom  and 
simplicity.  In  Whittington  church  also  there  is  a  stone  effigy  of  no  great 
merit,  of  a  lady  wearing  a  gown  and  wimple,  probably  the  wife  of  one  of  the 
men.  The  visitors  having  examined  with  much  interest  the  church  and 
effigies  again  took  their  places  in  the  vehicles  and  returned  to  Cheltenham 
with  the  consciousness  that  they  had  had  an  enjoyable  though  long  and 
fatiguing  day. 


THURSDAY,  ISth  July,  1S89. 

The  concluding  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  at  the  Municipal  Offices  on 
Thursday  morning,  the  President  in  the  chair.  Votes  of  thanks  were  given 
to  the  Mayor  and  Corporation  for  the  use  of  the  Council  Chamber,  and  to 
the  Local  Committee,  and  especially  to  Mr.  G.  B.  Witts,  the  Local  Hon. 
Secretary,  for  the  excellent  arrangements  made  for  the  meeting.  Mr.  Witts, 
in  responding,  said  he  must  share  the  honours  with  Mr.  E.  Wethered,  and 
further  said  they  had  by  no  means  exhausted  the  examination  of  the  anti- 
quities of  Cheltenham  and  the  district.  If  the  Society  paid  another  visit  to 
the  town  he  should  be  pleased  to  arrange  for  another  three  days'  meeting  of 
a  totally  different  district  from  the  places  now  visited.  Thanks  were  also 
accorded  to  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Day,  Rev.  B.  P.  Hemming,  Rev.  G.  E.  Webster, 
Rev.  A.  C.  Lawrence,  Rev.  W.  R.  Coxwell-Rogers,  and  the  Rev.  the  Hon. 
G.  G.  C.  Talbot,  Rector  of  Withington,  for  the  facilities  afforded  by  them  in 
allowing  the  membei  s  to  visit  their  respective  churches,  and  for  the  infor- 
mation imparted  on  those  occasions  ;  also  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gibbons  and  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Dobell  for  their  hospitable  receptions  at  Boddington  Manor  and 
Whittington  Court  ;  to  the  tenant  of  Stoke  Orchard  Manor  House,  to  Rev. 
J.  T.  C,  Stacey,  Mrs.  Evans,  Mrs.  Dent,  and  Lord  Eldon  for  the  privilege  of 
visiting  Southam  House,  Postlip  Hall,  and  the  Roman  Villas  in  Spoonley 
Wood  and  Chedworth  ;  to  Professor  Middleton,  Mr.  G.  B.  Witts,  and  the 
Rev.  William  Bazeley,  for  their  assistance  as  guides  ;  and  to  Mr.  Gibbons, 
Mrs.  Bagnall-Oakeley,  Professor  Middleton,  Mr.  R.  Taylor,  and  the  Rev.  J. 
Melland  Hall,  for  having  prepared  Papers. 

It  was  agreed  that  next  annual  Summer  Meeting  of  the  Society  shall  be 
held  at  Bristol,  under  the  Presidency  of  Dr.  Beddoe,  F.R.S.,  and  it  Mas 
announced  that  arrangements  were  being  made  for  a  Meeting  in  September 
next  at  Chepstow,  to  include  a  visit  to  the  old  Bishop's  Palace  at  Matherne 
and  the  Roman  City  of  Caerwent,  the  latter  one  of  the  two  advanced  posts 
in  the  country  of  the  bihues. 


212  Transactions  for  the  Year  1S89-90. 

On  the  motion  of  Sir  Brook  Kay,  Bart.,  seconded  by  Mr.  R.  V.  Vassar- 
Smith,  a  further  vote  of  thanks  was  accorded  to  Mr.  Agg-Gardner  for  the 
courteous  and  able  manner  in  which  he  had  presided  at  the  meetings. 

Mr.  Agc-Gardner,  in  acknowledging  it,  said  that  it  was  much  more 
healthy  and  instructive  amusement  to  visit  the  breezy  Cotswolds  in  company 
with  intellectual  Mends  than  to  be  in  "another  place"  where  he  would 
otherwise  have  found  himself  listening  to  the  somewhat  dry  and  uninterest- 
ing discusions  which  there  took  place. 

Punctually  at  10.15  a  party  numbering  about  140  left  the  Plough  Hotel 
yard  in  brakes,  en  rout"  for  Dowdeswell  and  Withington,  and  the  Roman 
Villa  at  Chedworth.     The  first  halt  was  made  at 

Dowdeswell  Church. 
where  the  party  was  met  by  the  Rector,  the  Rev.  W.  Coxwell-Rogers,  who 
read  a  brief  account  of  the  parish  church,  written  several  years  ago  by  the 
late  Mr.  S.  H.  Gael.  Of  the  parish  Mr.  Gael  says  :  "  In  a  country  of  Wells — 
Owdswell,  Sandiwell,  Colwell  (Colnwell),  Whitewell,  Isinwell,  Elwell— is 
situate  the  village  of  Dowdeswell,  Fons  Dodonis  of  the  ancient  charters. 
Owdswell  was  the  Fons  Odonis  ;  and  these  names  call  back  Odo  and  Dodo, 
Mercian  chieftains  of  note,  and  founders  of  the  Abbey  of  Tewkesbury,  some 
years  before  the  Norman  Conquest,  with  whom  these  two  places  are  said 
to  have  been  in  some  way  connected,  though  the  connection  may  be  fanciful 
from  mere  resembance  of  sound.  However  that  may  be,  if  in  those  early 
days  there  gathered  near  Dodo's  well  a  tribe  of  herdsman,  to  tend  their  sheep 
and  swine  on  the  adjacent  forests  and  widespread  uplands,  it  is  more  likely 
that  the  Tabernacle  for  their  Worship  would  be  wooden,  a  material  corres- 
ponding to  the  scene  of  their  occupation,  than  the  substantial  stone  edifice 
now  existing.  And  it  is  noteworthy  that  the  name,  '  Oaken  Church  Hay,' 
is  still  attached  to  a  spot  at  the  western  edge  of  Dowdeswell  Wood,  close 
to  one  of  those  primitive  tracks — the  packway." 

"Dowdeswell  Church,"  Mr.  Gael  says,  "is  indeed  in  its  main  features 
a  post-Reformation  structure.  An  earlier  Chapel  there  doubless  was,  for 
the  living,  though  a  Rectory,  was  a  Chapel  to  the  great  Church  of  Withing- 
ton,  a  peculiar  jurisdiction  of  the  See  of  Worcester.  Remains  within  the 
Church  (Brasses,  &c),  and  without,  the  Sculptured  Stones  representing 
Zechariah's  Golden  Seven-branch  Candlestick ;  the  Lamb  bound  for  the 
slaughter  ;  &c. ,  lately  dug  up  on  the  site,  and  now  re-set,  medallion-wise, 
in  the  new-built  walls,  testify  to  an  earlier  building.  Moreover,  the  South 
Porch,  though  its  handsome  Tudor  Arch  is  of  a  late  style,  has  traces  of  a 
piscina,  and  the  South  Window  of  the  Nave  is  lancet-headed  and  earlier. 
But  the  Chancel,  Nave,  and  Transepts  (the  Church  being  cruciform)  are  of 
similar  height  and  character  ;  the  Parochial  Records  preserve  the  date  when 
the  Tower  and  its  Spire  (1575),  and  when  the  South  Transept  (1630),  were 
built  by,  and  at  the  charges  of,  the  Possessors  of  the  Estates  of  Upper 
Dowdeswell  (Abyngton),  and  the  Lower  Dowdeswell  (Rogers). 

The  chancel  has  a  Perpendicular  window,  almost  round-headed,  now 
removed  to  the  North  transept  gable,  in  displacement  of  a  square-headed 
Tudor  Window,  like  those  still  in  the  East  and  West  walls  of  that  transept. 
These  and  the  design  of  the  internal  arches  of  the  tower,  show  a  general 
conformity  of  construction  in  re-construction  in  style,  and  not  far  apart,  and 
all  late. 


DoWDESWELL   COURT.  213 

The  West  window  of  the  South  transept  is  of  a  form  which  occurs  in  the 
North  and  South  sides  of  Whitftngton  Church  (the  next  parish).  These 
latter,  it  may  be  inferred  from  a  monumental  inscription  to  a  rector  there — 
Dr.  Ingram,  who  died  in  1756 — were  inserted  by  him.  The  gable  window  of 
the  South  transept  is  also  of  this  style.  Instead  of  tracery,  its  head, 
externally,  has  arcaded  mouldings  in  relief,  and  it  is  square  within.  A 
conjecture  may  be  hazarded  that  these  details  are  due,  in  design  and  perhaps 
in  execution,  to  the  masons  of  the  noble,  classic  Tudor  edifice  of  the  neigh- 
bourhood— Whittington  Court.  The  West  window  is  of  debased  style,  and 
good,  though  recent,  workmanship. 

The  tower  contains  three  bells.  It  has  plain,  round-headed,  louvre 
openings  on  its  sides  ;  from  a  cant  on  it,  rises  the  octagonal  spire,  which  is 
brought  to  the  square  by  bold  broaches.  It  has  four  sharp-pitched  dormers 
midway  up,  and  a  rose  finial,  surmouuted  with  a  cross  and  vane.  The 
whole  interior  is  effectively  thrown  together  by  the  four  arches  of  the  tower, 
which  are  comparatively  lofty.  The  belfry  floor  is  supported  by  a  ribbed- 
fan  vaulting.  The  font  is  of  stone,  octagonal  in  shape,  with  quartre-foil 
panels.  There  is  an  organ — a  modern  instrument  of  great  power  and  com- 
pass.1 As  to  the  monuments,  &c. ;  on  a  flat  stone  in  the  floor  is  a  brass  effigy 
of  an  ecclesiastic,  without  any  scroll  to  denote  name  or  date,  but  in  two  of 
corners  are  brass  plates,  representing  two  of  the  evangelistic  symbols.  There 
is  another  such  plate  detached,  and  probably  there  was  a  fourth,  now  miss- 
ing.- This,  and  two  adjacent  flat  stones  are  of  the  sandstone  formation, 
and  consequently  were  brought  from  a  distance. 

There  is  also  a  flat  stone  in  the  South  transept,  with  an  incised  cross,  on 
a  pedestal  of  early  date,  but  withont  inscription.  These  are  relics  of  the  old 
chapel.  The  monuments  of  later  dates  exhibit,  perhaps,  more  than  usual 
varieties  of  taste  and  style  of  form  and  epitaph.  A  yew  tree  in  the  church- 
yard, described  by  Bigland  as  "  of  primeval  date,  and  in  a  state  of  very 
flourishing  vegetation,"  flourishes  still,  and  as  Mr.  Gael  says  "  may  see.  the 
decay  of  some  generations  yet  to  come." 

Dowdeswell  Camp  was  the  next  place  to  have  been  visited,  but  want  of 
time  prevented  it,  and  a  pleasant  drive  brought  the  party  to 

Withixgtox  Church, 
from  the  bells  of  which  the  ringers  sent  out  a  hearty  peal.  The  Vicar,  the 
Rev.  the  Hon.  G.  <J.  C.  Talbot,  met  the  party,  and  pointed  to  two  or  three 
interesting  features  of  the  church,  and  then  Prof.  Middleton  kindly  acceded 
to  a  request  made  him,  and  made  some  remarks  thereon.  The  structure  was 
restored  some  sixteen  or  seventeen  years  ago.  The  church,  Prof.  Middleton 
said,  is  an  exceptionally  interesting  one,  and  has  in  many  respects  followed 
the  rule  of  development  commonly  seen  in  English  parish  churches.  It  was 
originally  a  small  Norman  church  consisting  simply  of  a  nave  and  chancel, 
and  was  built  about   1160,  as  evidenced  by  the  extreme  richness  of  the 

1  This  has  now  been  removed  and  replaced  by  a  harmonium. 

2  The  loose  one  is  now  lost,  as  is  also  the  inscription.  The  Brass  is  mentioned  bj 
Haines,  who  assigns  to  it  the  date  cir.  1520,  and  is  more  fully  described  in  Mr.  Cecil  l)a\  is's 
"Gloucestershire  Brasses,"  No.  liv.  The  figure  is  said  to  be  habited  in  processional  vest- 
ments :  viz.,  a  long  flowing;  cassock  reaching  to  the  ground,  entirely  concealing  the  feet,  a 
full  plaited  surplice  rather  shorter,  with  immense  sleeves,  around  the  neck  the  almucc,  and 
over  all  a  cope  fastened  across  the  breast  by  a  square  morse.— En. 


214  Transactions  for  the  Year  1S89-90. 

mouldings  of  the  south  door.  Early  in  the  13th  century  the  chancel  seems 
to  have  been  extended  and  the  central  tower  partly  rebuilt.  In  the  14th 
century  the  upper  part  of  the  beautiful  central  tower  was  built  and  the 
south  transept,  which  contains  a  beautiful  decorated  window,  added.  An 
unusual  feature  is  that  early  in  13th  century  the  chevron  moulding  of  a 
round  arch  was  re-used  in  the  construction  of  a  pointed  arch  in  the  north 
wall  of  the  chancel.  A  clerestory  and  large  west  window  date  from  the  15th 
century  ;  a  rare  feature  is  to  be  seen  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel,  where 
there  is  a  recess  made  to  hold  a  small  lead  cistern,  which  unfortunately  is 
not  in  its  original  position  and  was  probably  altered  when  moved.  The 
water  was  drawn  off  from  the  little  cistern  in  the  recess  by  a  pipe  and  tap. 
The  carved  stone  boss,  witli  a  central  hole  through  which  the  pipe  passed, 
still  exists.  In  monastic  churches  these  little  cistern-recesses  are  not  un- 
common, but  in  parish  churches  they  are  very  rare.  A  very  similar  example 
is  to  be  seen  in  the  north  wall  of  the  sanctuary  of  Highworth  church  in 
Wiltshire.  The  use  of  this  supply  of  water  was  probably  for  the  washing 
of  the  chalice,  paten  and  other  sacred  vessels.  In  the  churchyard  is  a  grave- 
stone to  the  memory  of  Mrs.  Horlick,  who  died  about  a  century  ago,  and 
upon  which  is  the  following  quaint  inscription  :  — 

In  January  ninety-one 

She  was  delivered  of  a  son, 

And  after  that  her  time  was  short, 

Before  this  world  she  did  depart, 

A  husband  young-  she  left  behind 

For  another  wife  to  find 

As  good  as  she — he  wished  no  more 

Until  his  fleeting  life  was  o'er  ; 

And  then  in  hope  to  meet  again 

In  Heaven,  in  the  happy  train, 

Chedworth  Roman  Villa 
was  reached  about  one  o'clock,  and  the  party  at  once  made  their  way  to  a 
marquee  wherein  a  substantial  luncheon,  liberally  provided  by  the  President, 
awaited  them.  After  the  repast,  the  company  drank  to  the  health  of 
the  Queen,  and  then  Sir  Brook  Kay  gave  the  toast  of  "Our  President," 
enumerating  the  services  Mr.  Agg-Gardner  had  rendered  to  the  Society,  and 
thanking  him  for  the  elegant  feast,  a  feast,  he  said,  which  the  Roman  resi- 
dents might  have  envied.  "  The  Secretaries— general  and  local,"  was  given 
by  the  chairman.  A  vote  of  thanks  having  been  passed  to  Lord  Eldon  for 
allowing  the  Society  to  visit  the  villa,  the  compauy  adjourned  to  the  open 
air  to  listen  to  a  general  description  of  it  by  Prof.  Middleton. 

Standing  on  the  doorstep  of  the  Roman  bath,  and  addressing  the  company 
standing  or  reclining  on  the  greensward  before  him,  Prof.  Middleton  first 
made  some  general  observations  on  the  villa,  which  he  said  is  one  of  the 
most  characteristic  examples  of  the  difference  between  the  construction  of 
Roman  buildings  in  Italy  and  in  Britain.  It  consisted  of  a  large  quadrangle 
surrounded  by  what  resembled  very  much  the  mediaeval  cloister.  Unfor- 
tunately, in  England  the  Romans  were  unable  to  rind  that  very  fine  cement 
they  had  in  Italy,  and  they  had  here  to  use  wood  instead  of  concrete  in  the 
construction  of  the  upper  stories,  and  hence  only  the  portions  being  preserved. 
In  Rome  there  are  still  three  or  four  of  these  houses  left,  one,  the  house  of 
the  Vestals,  being  in  most  respects  far  more  like  a  villa  of  British  con- 
struction than  those  usually  built  in  Italy,  the  reason  being  that  it  was 


Chedworth  Roman  Villa.  215 

erected  for  six  ladies  who,  presumably  from  their  chilly  disposition,  had  to 
be  housed  in  a  building  constructed  on  the  plan  followed  in  the  colder 
atmosphere  of  Britain.  The  house  of  the  Vestals,  which  adjoins  the  Forum, 
is  one  of  the  most  perfect  Roman  houses  that  has  been  discovered,  and  is 
strikingly  like  the  Chedworth  villa,  though  about  double  the  size,  while  the 
quadrangle  is  made  of  two  squares  instead  of  one,  and  running  round  the 
building  are  columns  of  marble  instead  of  the  stone  which,  by  force  of 
circumstances,  was  used  in  Britain.  On  the  ground  floor  were  the  ordinary 
sitting-rooms,  kitchens,  and  bath-rooms,  the  bed-rooms  (as  in  all  Roman 
buildings)  being  upstairs.  The  handsome  staircases  are  all  lined  with 
marble,  and  each  of  the  Vestals  appears  to  have  had  a  separate  suite  of 
rooms.  The  Vestals  were  not  allowed  to  have  the  usual  water  supply  laid 
on,  for  religious  reasons,  these  sacred  priestesses  not  being  allowed  to  use 
such  comparatively  modern  inovations  as  leaden  pipes.  Passing  on  to  details 
of  the  villa  at  Chedworth,  the  Professor  said  the  first  special  point  of  con- 
struction worthy  of  notice  is  the  characteristic  mosaic,  red  clay  having  to 
be  used  for  red  marble,  and  various  coloured  limestones  for  the  other 
colours,  all  being  laid  carefully  on  three  distinct  layers  of  concrete.  Another 
skilful  piece  of  construction,  of  which  there  is  an  example  here,  is  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  Romans  lined  their  baths,  in  cases  where  they  did  not  use 
lead,  with  a  composition  made  up  of  broken  pottery,  lime,  and  sand,  which 
resisted  well  the  action  of  water.  A  third  point  to  note  is  that  the  walls 
here  were  built  in  the  characteristic  British  way  and  quite  unlike  the  houses 
in  Italy  ;  the  fine  natural  cement  before  alluded  to  not  being  available,  they 
were  composed  of  a  sort  of  rubble  made  of  soft  oolite  which  had  not  withstood 
the  ravages  of  time  very  well.  The  fourth  point  of  note  is  the  very  inter- 
esting roof  tiles,  which  are  characteristic  of  England  and  unlike  those  in 
Italy — stones  made  of  Stonesfield  slate.  The  next  feature  of  interest  is  the 
very  well-preserved  hypocausts  or  hollow  floors  under  •which  the  hot  air 
from  the  furnaces  spread  to  heat  the  rooms  above.  There  is  a  great  differ- 
ence between  the  Italian  and  British  construction  of  these,  which  depends 
again  on  the  absence  of  the  fine  cement.  In  Britain  a  number  of  small 
supporting  pillars  had  to  be  used,  whereas  in  Italy  these  were  often  dis- 
pensed with  altogether,  the  builders  relying  entirely  on  the  strength  of  the 
cement  for  the  support  of  the  floor.  In  many  cases  even  large  upper 
rooms  had  a  flat  concrete  floor,  which  was  practically  like  one  immense 
slab  of  stone,  needing  no  support  except  at  its  edges,  and  thus  exerting 
no  side  thrust  on  the  walls  as  an  arched  vault  would  have  done.  In 
Britain  "  contignationes  "  or  wooden  floors  were  mainly  used  for  the  upper 
rooms. 

Breaking  up  into  four  sections,  under  the  guidance  of  Prof.  Middleton, 
Rev.  W.  Bazeley,  Mr.  Witts,  and  Mr.  Wethered,  the  party  went  on  a  round 
of  inspection.  Particular  attention  was  directed  to  the  building  in  the 
corner  in  which  is  a  small  pond.  The  late  Canon  Lysons  contended  that 
this  was  a  baptistery,  while  others  ridicule  the  idea  of  religious  associations, 
and  aver  that  it  was  simply  a  fish-pond.  Mr.  Bazeley,  however,  expressed 
his  opinion  that  the  building  was  originally  a  heathen  temple,  and  that  a 
subsequent  resident  of  the  villa  was  a  Christian,  and  used  the  building  as  a 
baptistery. 

At  4.30  the  brakes  were  re-entered,  and  Cheltenham  was  reached  about 
6  o'clock,  thus  closing  what  was  unanimously  voted  a  day  of  unalloyed 
enjoyment. 


216 


Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 


©r. 


(Jfyra&attDns  of  tije  Human 


Sir  JOHN  MACLEAN. 


1887 

FIRST  LIST  OF  DONATIONS 

Aug. 

11 

To  Sir  Henry  Barkly,  K.C.B.,  K.C.M.G.,  &c. 

25 

Sir  William  V.  Guise,  Bart. 

- 

27 

G.  E.  Lloyd  Baker,  Esq. 

- 

Rev.  C.  S.  Taylor 

- 

Francis  James,  Esq. 

- 

John  Walker,  Esq. 

- 

Rev.  Prebendary  Scarth     - 

- 

28 

A.  H.  Paul,  Esq. 

- 

C.  Bowley,  Esq. 

- 

30 

Rev.  David  Royce 

- 

Robert  Taylor,  Esq. 

- 

Sir  John  Maclean,  F.S.A.,  &c. 

- 

Sep. 

1 

Sir  Brook  Kay,  Bart. 

- 

2 

W.  P.  Price,  Esq. 

- 

5 

Sir  John  Dorington,  Bart.,  M.P. 

- 

9 

Thomas  Rome,  Esq. 

- 

W.  C.  Heane,  Esq. 

- 

10 

A.  T.  Martin,  Esq. 

- 

15 

Rev.  J.  M.  Lamb 

- 

23 

S.  H.  Swayne,  Esq. 

- 

24 

John  Bush,  Esq. 

- 

Oct. 

1 

E.  A.  Hudd,  Esq. 

- 

F.  F.  Tuckett,  Esq. 

- 

W.  E.  George,  Esq. 

■ 

3 

G.  W.  Keeling, 

- 

4 

C.  P.  Stewart,  Esq. 

- 

W.  H.  Harford,  Esq. 

- 

Oct. 

18 

R.  Randall,  Esq. 

- 

Rev.  H.  L.  Thompson 

- 

R.  A.  Charleton,  Esq. 

- 

Rev.  James  L.  Peach 

- 

E.  Hartland,  Esq. 

- 

W.  C.  Lucy,  Esq. 

- 

Rev.  G.  D.  Bourne 

- 

T.  S.  Bush,  Esq. 

- 

24 

Edward  Bush,  Esq. 

- 

26 

Lord  Sherborne 

- 

Nov 

.    4 

P.  i).  Prankerd,  Esq. 

- 

£   s. 

d. 

1     0 

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1     1 

0 

0  10 

0 

0  10 

0 

1     0 

0 

1     0 

0 

1    1 

0 

1     0 

0 

1     0 

0 

1    1 

0 

1     0 

0 

1    1 

0 

1     0 

0 

1     0 

0 

1     0 

0 

1     0 

0 

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0 

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(1 

0  10 

0 

1     0 

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1    1 

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6 

0  10 

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1     0 

0 

0  10 

0 

0  10 

6 

0     5 

0 

I     1 

0 

1     0 

0 

1     0 

II 

£35    5 

0 

Excavations  of  the  Roman  Villa,  Tockington  Park. 


21' 


1887 


©ilia,  Cockington  Park. 

Per  Contra. 

By  Travelling  Expenses  to  and  from  Tockington  Park 
Petty  Expenses,  Postage,  &c. 
Wages  of  Excavators 

Mr.  Smith  for  rilling  up  the  Excavation  by  agree- 
ment  - 
Donation  to  Mr.  Smith  by  the  Council  - 


£r. 


2 

4 

1 

0 

5 

8 

12 

19 

6 

5 

0 

0 

o 

2 

0 

22 

11 

3 

By  Balance  carried  forward 


12  13    9 


£35    5    0 


218  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

<B?):ca&att0tt8  of  tljt  lomau 

Ev.  Sir  JOHN  MACLEAN. 

1888  Balance  brought  forward  from  last  year  -  £12  13    9 


SECOND  LIST  OF  DONATIONS. 

£   s. 

d. 

May    8 

To  Sir  W.  F.  G.  Guise,  Bart. 

- 

1     1 

0 

12 

Collected  by  Mr.  A.  T.  Martin 

- 

1     0 

(I 

16 

R.  A.  Charleton,  Esq. 

- 

0  10 

0 

May  24 

Rev.  F.  J.  Poynton 

- 

0  10 

0 

June  22 

P.  D.  Prankerd,  Esq. 

- 

1    1 

0 

27 

Sir  Brook  Kay,  Bart. 

- 

1  10 

0 

29 

Sir  Henry  Barkly,  K.C.B.,  &c. 

- 

1    1 

0 

July     4 

Robert  Taylor,  Esq. 

- 

2    2 

0 

5 

W.  H.  Harford,  Esq. 

- 

1     0 

0 

19 

Rev.  S.  E.  Bartleet 

- 

0  10 

0 

25 

F.  F.  Tuckett,  Esq. 

- 

1     0 

0 

Society  of  Antiquaries 

- 

5    5 

0 

31 

Anonymous 

- 

0    5 

0 

Right  Rev.  Bishop  Twells 

- 

1     0 

0 

Profits  of  Meeting  at  Tockington, 

on  Oct.  18th, 

1887 

- 

7    0 

•2 

£37    8  11 


Excavations  of  the  Roman-  Villa,  Tockington  Park.  219 


mm,  oujcKtnpm 

pmu 

Per  Contra. 

188S 

By  Travelling  Expenses 

err. 

£   s.    d. 
0  17    6 

Wages  of  Excavators 

• 

17  10    4 

1889          Ditto          - 

- 

4  16    3 

Travelling  Expenses- 

■ 

I     0    0 

By  Balance  paid  the  Treasurer  in  aid  of  Hi  titrations 
Certified,  JOHN  MACLEAN. 


13     4  10 
£37     8  11 


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3 


Lelakd  ik  Gloucestershire. 


LELAND    IN    GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 
By  JOHN   LATIMER. 

John  Leland,  the  Father  of  English  Antiquaries,  from  whose 
celebrated  Itinerary  the  following  compilation  has  been  made,  was 
born  in  London  about  the  beginning  of  the  16th  century,  and  was 
educated  at  St.  Paul's  School,  Christ  Church  College,  Cambridge, 
and  All  Souls'  College,  Oxford.  Subsequently  he  resided  for  some 
time  in  France,  where  he  is  said  to  have  become  an  accomplished 
linguist.  How  he  was  introduced  to  the  notice  of  Henry  VIII. 
is  unknown,  but  in  the  accounts  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  Chamber 
for  1528,  amongst  the  items  under  "Quarters  wages  due  at 
Christmas,"  is  the  following: — "For  Sir  John  Leylonde's  Exhib- 
ition, 25s.,"  and  the  same  item  occurs  in  March,  1529. *  The 
pension  then  disappears,  but  on  the  17th  June,  1530,  Leland,  who 
had  probably  returned  from  France,  was  presented  by  the  King 
to  the  rectory  of  Peppeling  in  the  Marches  of  Calais,2  although, 
as  will  presently  be  seen,  he  had  not  then  received  ordination  as 
a  deacon.  As  his  name  appears  in  a  lengthy  list  of  courtiers  who 
received  New  Year's  gifts  of  plate  from  the  King  in  January, 
1533,3  he  was  doubtless  in  the  royal  service,  and  may  already 
have  been,  as  he  soon  afterwards  certainly  was,  the  palace  libra- 
rian. In  the  following  May  he  co-operated  with  Nicholas  Udal 
in  composing  "  divers  verses,"  Latin  and  English,  which  were 
recited  before  Anne  Boleyn,  in  the  London  pageant  in  honour 
of  her  coronation.  Yet  in  the  Vatican  Registers,  dated  three 
months  later,  is  a  record  of  a  dispensation  of  Pope  Clement  VII. 
for  John  Leyland,  B.A.,  rector  of  Pippeling,  to  hold  as  many  as 
four  benefices,  not  exceeding  a  total  value  of  1000  ducats, 
"  leaving  him  within  the  next  seven  years  to  take  priest's  orders, 
provided  he  takes  sub-deacon's  orders  within  the  first  two."4 
Tins  remarkable  dispensation  must  have  been  applied  for  in  view 

1  Calendar,  Vol.  V.,  305,  31S.  -  Ibid.,  Vol.  IV.,  2919. 

*  Ibid.,  Vol.  VI.,  14.  4  Ibid.,  Vol.  VI.,  682. 

Vol.  XIV.  y 


222  Transactions  for  the  Ykar  1889-90. 

of  the  prolonged  inquiry  which  Leland  was  authorised  to  make 
about  the  same  date,  by  a  Commission  under  the  Great  Seal, 
appointing  him  the  King's  Antiquary,  and  empowering  him, 
according  to  his  own  expression,  to  investigate  "  England's  Anti- 
quities, and  to  diligently  search  all  the  libraries  of  monasteries 
and  colleges  of  this  realm,  to  the  intent  that  the  monuments 
of  ancient  writers  might  be  brought  out  of  deadly  darkness  to 
lively  light."1  That  little  time  was  lost  in  commencing  this  task 
is  proved  by  a  letter  from  Sir  George  Lawson,  Treasurer  of  Ber- 
wick, to  Cromwell,  dated  June,  1534,  in  which  the  writer 
mentions  an  incident  that  had  just  occurred  whilst  he  was  "  walk- 
iug  with  Master  Leylond  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of  York."  2 
Some  difficulty  may  afterwards  have  arisen  respecting  Leland's 
non-residence  in  France,  for  in  July,  1536,  Henry  VIII.  granted 
him  a  dispensation  to  absent  himself  from  Peppeling  "at  his 
pleasure.3  Nevertheless,  from  some  cause  unexplained,  the  anti- 
quary was  prevented  from  prosecuting  his  travels  during  the  next 
two  or  three  years,  since  it  is  clear  that  nearly  all  his  obser- 
vations were  noted  down  after  the  suppression  of  the  greater 
monasteries.  And  in  his  "  JSTewe  Yeares  Gyfte"  to  his  royal 
master,  presented  in  1546,  Leland  states  that  his  itinerary  had 
been  made  "by  the  space  of  these  vi.  yeres  past,"  fixing  its 
commencement  in  1540.  How  thoroughly  he  had  executed  his 
commission  is  best  shown  by  his  own  statement.  "  Al  my  other 
Occupations  intermitted,  I  have  so  travelid  yn  yowr  Dominions 
boothe  by  the  Se  Costes  and  the  midle  Partes,  sparing  nother  Labor 
nor  Costes,  that  there  is  almoste  nother  Cape,  nor  Bay,  Haven, 
Creke  or  Peere,  River  or  Confluence  of  Rivers,  Brechis,  Waschis, 
Lakes,  Meres,  Fenny  Waters,  Montaynes,  Valleis,  Mores,  Hethes, 
Forestes,  Chases,  Woodes,  Cities,  Burges,  Castelles,  principale 
Manor  Placis,  Monasteries,  and  Colleges,  but  I  have  seene  them  ; 
and  notyd  yn  so  doing  a  hole  Worlde  of  thinges  very  memorable." 

Leland  went  on  to  promise  the  King,  "  if  God  sende  me  Life 

to  accomplische  my  Beginninges,"  a  map  of  England  engraved  on 

a  table  of  silver,  and  a  civil  history  and  topographical  description 

1  Newe  Yeares  Gyfte,  Hearne's  Edition,  Vol.  I.,  xviii. 
a  Cal.,  Vol.  VII.,  (J37.  a  Life,  10. 


Lelaxd  in  Gloucestershire.  223 

of  the  kingdom,  to  which  were  to  be  added  six  books  on  the 
adjacent  islands,  and  three  books  more  containing  royal  and  noble 
genealogies  from  the  Saxon  times  downwards.  To  carry  out  this 
purpose  he  retired  to  his  private  house  in  London,  intending  to 
digest  the  mass  of  materials  he  had  collected.  But  the  death  of 
Henry  VIII.,  a  few  months  later,  was  a  heavy  blow  to  the  zealous 
antiquary,  for  the  rapacious  men  who  assumed  power  had  no 
sympathy  with  his  labours,  deprived  him,  it  is  said,  of  the  stipend 
he  had  hitherto  received,  and  inspired  him  with  anxiety  respect- 
ing the  security  of  his  manuscripts.  He  fell,  in  consequence,  into 
a  depressed  state  of  mind,  which  i*esulted  soon  afterwards  in  a 
mental  alienation  from  which  he  never  recovered.  He  died  on 
the  18th  April,  1552.  He  held  at  his  death  his  first  preferment 
near  Calais,  the  rectory  of  Haseley,  Oxfordshire,  and  the  prebend 
of  East  and  West  Knowle  in  Salisbury  Cathedral. 

Much  interest  was  immediately  felt  in  the  antiquary's  manu- 
scripts, and  offers  to  purchase  them  were  made  to  his  brother  and 
heir.  But  Edward  VI.  gave  instructions  that  they  should  be 
taken  into  the  custody  of  his  able  tutor,  Sir  John  Cheek,  who 
intended  to  digest  and  publish  them,  but  was  prevented  by  the 
troubled  state  of  the  country.  Sir  John  afterwards  gave  four 
folio  volumes  of  the  papers  (the  Collectanea)  to  a  Mr.  Purefoy, 
one  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  councillors.  The  rest  were  dispersed 
into  many  hands,  but  a  portion  was  re  gathered  by  Sir  Robert 
Cotton,  and  forms  part  of  the  varied  treasures  of  the  British 
Museum.  Another  portion,  including  eight  volumes  of  the 
Itinerary,  was  recovered  by  William  Burton,  the  eminent  Leices- 
tershire antiquary,  who,  after  obtaining  the  four  volumes  already 
mentioned  from  Mr.  Purefoy's  son,  eventually  presented  nearly 
the  whole  to  the  Bodleian  Library.  The  eighth  volume  of  the 
Itinerary,  which  had  been  lent  by  Burton  to  a  friend,  was  pre- 
sented to  that  library  long  after  his  death.  Unfortunately,  in  the 
course  of  their  wanderings,  the  papers,  and  especially  the  Itin- 
erary, had  suffered  so  greatly  from  damp  and  neglect  that  they 
threatened  to  perish  altogether.  Burton  had  taken  the  precau- 
tion to  get  a  copy  taken  of  the  damaged  parts,  including  many 

pages    which    have    since   been    lost,    and    luckilv    a    still    earlier 
Q  2 


224  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

transcript  of  five  volumes  of  the  Itinerary,  made  by  John  Stowe, 
the  historian  of  London,  within  about  24  years  of  Leland's  death, 
was  also  brought  to  light.  Aided  by  these  and  other  documents, 
the  laborious  Thomas  Hearne  edited  the  first  printed  edition  of 
the  Itinerary,  which  appeared  in  1710-12,  in  nine  small  volumes. 
A  second  edition,  carefully  revised,  was  published  in  1745,  and  a 
third  in  1768-70.  Copies  of  all  these  issues  are  now  very  rare, 
and  are  beyond  the  reach  of  all  but  wealthy  collectors. 

In  the  following  extracts  relating  to  Gloucestershire  the 
original  text  has  been  faithfully  followed.  An  attempt  has  been 
made  to  collect  the  scattered  fragments,  which  are  very  numerous, 
so  as  to  bring  together  all  that  relates  to  each  locality ;  but  the 
notes  respecting  Sodbury  have  defied  this  arrangement.  Nothing 
has  been  added  save  the  headings  in  capitals,  denoting  the  cities, 
market  towns,  &c,  and  a  few  observations  placed  within  brackets. 

The  date  of  Leland's  visit,  or  visits,  for  he  seems  to  have  been 
twice  in  Gloucestershire,  cannot  be  accurately  fixed.  As  he 
speaks  of  the  "cathedrals"  of  Gloucester  and  Bristol,  the  earliest 
journey  must  have  been  subsequent  to  1541.  There  are,  it  will 
be  observed,  several  repetitions  and  some  contradictory  passages 
in  the  rough  notes  of  the  traveller,  which  would  doubtless  have 
been  removed  if  he  had  lived  to  accomplish  his  great  undertaking. 
The  object  of  this  paper  being  to  place  before  the  reader  a  literal 
transcript  of  the  manuscript,  it  has  been  deemed  undesirable  to 
make  any  alteration  in  the  text. 


NORTHLEACH,   LECHLADE  AND   FAIRFORD. 
Vol.  ii.,  p.  47,  et  seq. 

From  Faring  ton  onto  S.  John's- Bridge  of  3.  Arches  of  Stone 
and  a  Causey  a  3.  Miles  dim.  al  by  low  grownd,  and  subject  to 
the  overfiowinges  of  lsis. 

I  lerned  that  Northlech-hroke,  that  cummith  after  to  Estleche, 
enterith  into  lsis  a  litle  byneth  S.  John's- Jiridg. 

This  Northlech  Water  cummith  from  North  to  South. 

Northlech  is  a  praty  uplandisch  Toune  viij.  Miles  from  S.  John's- 
Bridg  by  North.  Estleche  is  a  5.  Miles  lower,  both  set  ripa  citer. 
as  I  cam. 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  225 

As  I  rode  over  Isis  I  lernid  that  ulta.  lipa  was  in  Glocestre- 
shir,  and  citerior  and  [in]  Barkshir,  and  Oxfordshir  not  far  of. 

At  the  very  ende  of  S.  John's- Bridge  in  ripa  idteriori  on  the 
right  Hond  I  saw  a  Chapelle  in  a  Medow,  and  greate  Enclosures 
of  stone  Waulles. 

Heere  was  in  hominum  memoria  a  Priory  of  Blake  Chanons  of 
the  Patronage  of  the  Duke  of  Clarance  or  York.  When  this 
Priory  was  suppressid  there  were  3.  Cantuaries  erectid  in  the 
Chirch  of  Lechelade  ;  and  ther  remaynid  ontylle  of  late  dayes  one 
Undrewoode,  Decane  of  Wallinyforde  founde  Meanes  that  2.  of 
these  Cantuaries  should  be  at  Wallingford-College,  and  the  third 
to  remaine  at  Lechelade. 

From  6'.  John's-Bridge  to  Lechelade  about  half  a  Mile,  it  is  a 
praty  olde  Village,  and  hath  a  pratie  pyramid  of  Stone,  at  the 
West  Ende  of  the  Chirch. 

From  Lechelade  to  Fairford  about  a  4.  Miles  al  by  low  ground, 
in  a  maner  in  a  levelle,  most  apt  for  grasse,  but  very  barein  of 
Woodde. 

Fairford  is  a  praty  uplandisch  Toune,  and  much  of  it  longith 
with  the  Personage  to  Teivhesbyri-Ahhay. 

There  is  a  fair  Mansion  Place  of  the  Tames  hard  by  the  Chirch 
Yarde,  buildid  thoroughly  by  John  Tame  and  Edmunde  Tame. 
The  bakside  whereof  goith  to  the  very  Bridg  of  Fairford. 

Fairford  never  florishid  afore  the  Cumming  of  the  Tames  onto  it. 

John  Tame  began  the  fair  new  Chirch  of  Fairforde,  and 
Edmunde  Tame  finishid  it. 

[In  Vol.  iv.,  p.  30,  amongst  a  quantity  of  miscellaneous  notes 
referring  to  all  parts  of  England,  is  the  following: — "  Mr.  Ferrars 
told  me  that  one  of  the  Tames  did  make  the  fair  Chirch  of  Fair- 
ford a  litle  above  S.  Johns  Bridge  on  Ise."  In  another  set  of 
disjointed  jottings,  Vol.  vi.,  p.  17,  we  find  : — "  The  Elder  House 
of  the  Tames  is  at  Stowel  by  Northleche  in  Glouc.  shire.  Mr. 
Home  of  Oxfordshire  dwelling  by  Langeley  hath  married  this  Tame 
Doughter  and  Heir,  and  shaul  have  by  her  a  80.  li.  Lande  by  the 
Yere.  Syr  Edmunde  Tame  of  Fairford  up  by  Crelcelade  cam  oute  of 
the  House  of  Tame  of  Stowel,      Tame  that  is  now  at  Fairford  hath 


226  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

be  maried  a  xii.  Yere  and  hath  no  Childe.  Wherefore  be  likeli- 
hod  Syr  Humfre  Stafford,  Sun  to  old  Staford  of  Northamptonshire 
is  likely  to  have  the  Landes  of  Tame  of  Fairforde.  For  he  maried 
his  Sister.  And  so  the  name  of  the  Tames  is  like  sore  to  decay."] 
Both  John  and  Edmund  ly  buried  in  a  Chappelle  of  the  Noi'th- 
side  of  Fairford  Quier. 

Epitaph  :  Joannis  Tame. 
Orate  pro  animabus  Joannis  Tame  armigeri  <fc   Alicife  uxoris 
ejus,  qui  quidem  Joannes  obiit  8.  die  Mensis  Maij,  a0  D.  1500,  d  an0 
regni  Regis  Henrici  7.  16°      Et  prcedicta  Alicia  obiit  20.  die  Mensis 
Decembris,  An°  D.  1471. 

Epitaph  :  Edmundi  Tame. 

Hie  jaeet  Edmundus  Tame  miles,  Sf  Agnes  &  Elizabeth  uxores 
ejus,  qui  quidem  Edmundus  obiit  primo  die  Octobr.  a°  D.  1534.  <& 
a°  regis  Henr.  8.  26. 

Fairford  Water  risith  a  5.  Miles  North  North  West  from  Fair- 
ford,  and  after  rennith  about  a  Mile  lower  thorough  Welleford 
Village,  and  about  a  Mile  lower  as  it  were  betwixt  Welleford  and 
S.  John's  Bridge  goith  into  Isis. 

The  streame  oilsis  lyith  from  S.  John's  Bridge  thus  upward  : 

From  S.  John-Bridge  to  Lechlad  more  than  half  a  Mile. 
[Cricklade  and  other  parts  of  Wilts  follow.] 

From  Fairford  to  Pulton  about  a  2.  Miles  dim.     Going  out  of 

Fairford  I  passid  over  the  Water,  wher  is  a  Bridg  of  4.   Stone 

Arches. 

[Account  of  Pulton  Priory,  Wilts,  follows.] 

Pulton-Hek  about  a  Mile  beneth  Pulton  goith  at  a  Mille  a  litle 
above  Doimamney  into  Amney  Streame. 

From  Pulton  toward  Amney  Villag  I  passid  over  Amney  Water, 
and  so  to  Amney  Village,  leving  it  on  the  right  hand. 

Amney  Brook  risith  a  litle  above  Amney  Toune  by  North  out 
of  a  Rok:  and  goith  a  3.  Miles  of  or  more  to  Douneamney,  wher  Syr 
Antony  Hungreford  hath  a  fair  House  of  Stone  ripa  ulter. 

Amney  goith  into  Isis  a  Mile  beneth  Dounamney  again  Xunne 
Eiton  in  Wilshir. 

From  Pulton  to  Cireneestre  a  4  Miles. 


Lelaxd  in  Gloucestershire  227 

CIRENCESTER. 
Cirencestre  stondith  on  Churne  Ryver. 

Churncestre  caullid  in  Latine  Coriminum. 

Ther  was  afore  the  Conquest  a  fair  and  riche  College  of 
Prebendaries  in  this  Toune  ;  but  of  what  Saxon's  Foundation  no 

man  can  telle. 

Henry  the  first  made  this  College  an  Abbay  of  Chanons 
Regulares,  giving  them  the  Landes  of  the  Prebendaries  totally, 
and  sum  other  Thinges.  Rumbaldus,  Chauncelar  to  King  Edward 
the  Confessor,  was  Dene  of  this  House,  and  buried  in  the  Body  of 
the  Chirch,  as  it  apperith  by  the  Epitaphy  on  his  Tumbe. 

The  Est  Parte  of  the  Chirch  of  Cirencestre- Abbay  shewith  to 
be  of  a  very  old  Building.  The  West  Part  from  the  Transeptum 
is  but  new  Work  to  speke  of.  King  Richard  the  first  gave  to 
Cirencestre  the  Cortes  and  Perquisites  of  7.  Hundredes  therabout 
yn  Glocestreshir. 

The  Landes  of  Cimicest re- Abbay  litle  augmentid  sins  the 
Tyme  of  the  Fundation  by  Henry  the  first. 

There  ly  2.  Noble  Men  of  S.  Awandes  buried  withyn  the 
Presbyterie  of  Cirencestre- Abbay  Chirch. 

And  there  is  buried  the  Hart  of  Sentia,  wife  to  Eichard  King 
of  Romains,  and  Erie  of  Comwalle. 

Serlo  first  Abbate  of  Cirencestre.1 

This  Serlo  made  his  Brother  Prior  of  Bradene-stoke. 

Ther  were  xxviij  or  xxix  Abbates  of  Cirencestre  after  Serlo. 

Mr  Blake  the  last  Abbate  buildid  2.  Fulling  Milles  at  Ciren- 
cestre that  cost  a  700.  Markes  of  Mony.  They  be  wonderfully 
necessary,  by  cause  the  Toun  standith  alle  by  Clothing. 

There  hath  bene  3.  Paroche  Chirchis  in  Cirencestre,  whereof 
S.  Cecilia  Chirch  is  clene  down,  it  was  of  late  but  a  Chapelle. 
S.  Laurence  yet  stondith,  but  as  no  Paroch  Chirch.  Ther  be  2. 
poor  Almose  Women  endowid  with  Landes. 

Ther  is  now  but  one  Paroch  Chirch  in  al  Cirencestre :  but  that 
is  very  fair. 

The  body  of  the  Chirch  is  al  new  Work,  to  the  which  Ruthal, 
Bishop  of  Duresme,  borne  and  brought  up  in  Cirencestre,  promisid 
much,  but  preventid  with  Deth  gave  nothing. 

1  Marginal  Note  :— "  Serlo  Decanus  Seve/iana1  Eccl.  fit  abbas  Coriuitnsi*. 


228  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

One  Alice  Aveling,  Aunt  to  Bishop  Ruihal  by  the  Mother  side, 
gave  an  Hundreth  Markes  to  the  Building  of  the  right  goodly 
Povche  of  the  Paroch  Chirch. 

And  UxithaU.es  Mother  contributid  and  other  to  the  Perfor- 
ment  of  it. 

Alexander  Necham,  a  great  Clerk  and  Abbate  of  Cirencestre, 
buried  in  the  Entring  of  the  Cloister  of  Wiccestre,  entering  out  of 
the  Chirch  into  the  Cloyster.  King  Henry  the  first  made  the 
Hospital  of  S.  John  at  Cirencestre.  Cirencestre  Toun  hath  but  a 
Bailife  to  govern  there. 

Cirencestre  is  yn  Cotesicolde. 

Cirencestre  hath  the  most  celebrate  Market  in  al  that  Quarters 
on  Monday. 

The  way  lyith  this  from  Cirencestre  to  London: 

To  Fairford  vj.  Miles. 

To  Faringdon  viij. 

To  Dorchestre  v.  Miles. 

To  London 

[In  Vol.  v.  pp.  64-5  are  the  following  additional  notes  relating  to  Ciren- 
cester.] 

Cirecester,  corruptely  for  Churnecestre,  peraventure  of  Ptoleme 
cawlled    Coriminum,    stondeth   in    a 

Botom   apon   the   Ryver  of   Churne.  Be  lyklehod  yn  times  past 

The  Cumpace  of  the  old  Waul,  cujits      Guttes  were  made  that  Partes 
pauca  adhuc  extant  vestigia  was  nere      of  Churne  Streame  might  come 
hand  ii  Myles.    A  Man  may  yet  walk-      thorough   the   Cyte,  and   so  to 
ing  on  the  Bank  of  Churne  evidently      returne  to  theyr  great  Botom. 
percey  ve  the  Cumpace  of  Fundation  of 

Towers  sumtvme  standing  in  the  Waul,  and  nere  to  the  Place 
wher  the  right  goodly  Clothing  Mylle  was  set  up  a  late  by  the 
Abbate  was  broken  down  the  Ruine 

of  an  old   Tower  toward  making  of  The    Soyle    in    the    Stony 

the    Mylle    Waulles,    in    the    which      Feeldes  abowt  Cirecestre  is  more 
Place   was  fownd    a   quadrate  Stone      apt  for  Barle  then  Whete. 
fawllen  down   afore,    but    broken  in  Therabowt  as  in  Cotesxvold 

aliquot  frusta,  wherin  was  a  Romaine      is  smawl   Plenty  of  Wood   ex- 
Inscription,  of  the  which  one  scantly      cept    in    few    Places,    kept    of 
letterd  that  saw  yt  told  me  that  he      necessite. 
might  perceyve  Pont.  Max.     Among 


Lelaxd  in"  Gloucestershire.  229 

divers  numismata  fownd  frequently  there  Dioclesian's  be  most 
fairest.  But  I  cannot  adfirme  the  Inscription  to  have  been  dedi- 
cate onto  hym.  In  the  Middes  of  the  old  Town  in  a  Medow  was 
found  a  Flore  de  testellis  versicoloribus,  and  by  the  Town  nostris 
lemporibus  was  fownd  a  broken  Shank  Bone  of  a  Horse,  the 
Mouth  closed  with  a  Pegge,  the  which  taken  owt  a  Shepard 
founde  yt  fillid  minimis  aryenteis.  In  the  South  Sowth  West  side 
of  the  Waul  be  likelyhod  hath  bene  a 

Castel,  or  sum  other  great  Building.  . 

Sum   say   that   it   was  the 
the  Hilles  and  Diches  yet  remayne. 

_.  _  Place  wher  Sege  was  laide  to 

The  Place  is  now  a  vv  aren  tor  Conys,  . 

,     ,      .      ,     .     ,       .         .  ,_  the  Town,  and  not  far  thens  is 

and   therm   hath    be    townd  Mennes 

.  a    steepe    rownd    Biry    like    a 

Bones,  msolitce  magmtudims,  also  to 

Wind  Myl  Hill  ext.  mums  caw- 
sepulchres  ex  secto   lapide.      In   one  . 

lied     Grismundes     Tower,    tor 
was  a  round  Vessel  of  Leade  covered. 

Gusmundes  Tower,  as  theie  say. 
and  in  it  Ashes  and  Peaces  of  Bones. 

More  than  iii.  Parts  of  the  old  Town 

is  now  goodly  Medow  Ground.     The  iiii.  Part  ys  yet  wel  inhabi- 
ted, having  one  Paroche  Chirche  very  richely  wrought,  and  an 
Abbay  of  Blak  Chanons  fundatore  Henrico  primo.      But  there 
afore  was  a  great  Chirch  of 
Prebendaries.       In  the   Body  of  the 

Chirch  in  a  sepulchre  Crosse  of  White  Ther  is  also    a  litle  Chapel 

Marble    is    this    [Inscription,]     Hie      as  an  Alrnose  House. 
jacet   Rembaldus  presbyter,  quondam 

hujus  ecclesice  decanus,  [et  tempore  Edwardi  regis  Anglice  cancel- 
larius.~\ 

[The  itinerary,  which  was  interrupted  to  interpolate  these  notes, 
is  now  resumed.] 

TETBURY   AND   BEYERSTONE. 

Tetbyri  is  vij  Miles  from  Malmesbyri,  and  is  a  praty  Market 
Toun. 

Tetbyri  liyth  a  2.  Miles  on  the  lift  Hand  of  from  Fosse  as  Men 
ride  to  Sodbyri. 

Tebbyri  was  of  later  tymes  the  Moulbrays  Lande. 

A  Castellet  buildid  by  one  of  the  Barkeleys  of  Spoyle  that  he 
wan  yn  France.  It  standith  aboute  a  Myle  from  Tettebyri. 
(Note  in  the  margin,  "  Beverstone  Castelle). 


230  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Syr  Wylliam  Berkeley  a  very  olde  Knighte  and  Lorde  of 
Beverstane  Castelle  welle  motid  hath  also  a  nother  Maner  Place 
caullid  Over  a  4.  Miles  from  Bright  stow  sumwhat  on  the  right 
Hond  by  the  way  from  Brightstow  to 

Thomas  Lorde  Barkeley,  as  old  Syr  William  Barkeley  of  Over 
and  Beverstane  told  me,  was  taken  Prisoner  in  Fraunce,  and  after 
recovering  his  Losses  with  Frenche  Prisoners  and  at  the  Batail  of 
Poyters  buildid  after  the  Castell  of  Beverstane  thoroughly,  a  Pile 
at  that  tyme  very  preaty. 

Mr.  Wikes  of  Dodington  contendith  by  sum  reasons  that  the 
Berkeley s  of  Dureslege  wher  of  as  olde  an  House  or  older  then  the 
Barkeleys  of  Berkeley.  But  the  Name  of  Berkeley  Town  and 
Lordship  of  whom  the  Berkeleys  wher  caullid  soundith  to  the 
contrary. 

There  were  Nunnes  at  Minchin  Hampton  in  Glocestershir  to- 
warde  Tettebyri. 

Bremisfeld  stondith  in  the  Paroche  of  Estenhaul  aboute  a  2. 
Miles  from  Ledebyri.  Here  is  in  the  Clyving  of  an  Hille  a  Cas- 
telle having  fair  Towres  It  was  the  Beauchaumpes  Lordes  of 
Bodington  4.  Miles  from  Glocester.  Tt  was  buildid  by  the  Beau- 
champs.     Syr  John  Talbot  of  Grafton  by  Bromesgreve  bowte  it. 

Ther  is  at  Bodington  4.  Miles  North  from  Glocester  a  fair 
Maner  Place  and  a  Parke.  It  cam  to  one  Rede,  Servante  to  the 
Lorde  Beauchamp,  that  mai'ied  his  Lordes  Doughter  the  eldest  of 
3.  and  the  Redes  have  it  stille.     [Vol.  vi.  pp.  72  &  seq.] 

The  Hed  of  Isis  in  Coteswalde  risith  about  a  Mile  a  this  side 

Tetbyri. 

The  Fosse  way  goith  oute  at  Cirencestre,  and  so  streachith  by 
a  manifeste  greate  Creste  to  Soclbyri  Market  .  .  .  Miles  of,  and  so 
to  Bristoiv. 

Coivberkele  lyith  by  North  West  a  vj.  Miles  from  Cirencestre, 
and  there  ys  the  Heckle  of  Coivberkeley-Stre&me. 

Master  Bridges  hath  a  fair  House  at  Coivberkele. 

[His  House  caullid longid  onto  one  Ferrares  attainctid 

for  cummin"  with  King  Richard  the  3.  onto  the  Felde  of  Bos- 
worth,  and  so  it  was  gyven  to  Bridges.     Vol.  vi.  p.  72.] 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  231 

This  Streame  cummith  a  3.  Miles  lower  thorough  Rencumbe 
Park,  and  ther  hath  Sir  Edmunde  Tame  a  very  fair  House. 

From  Cirencestre  to  Malmesbyri  viij.  Miles. 

First  I  roode  about  a  Mile  on  Fosse,  then  I  turnid  on  the  lifte 

Hand,  and  cam  al  by  Champagne  Grounde,  fruteful  of  Corne  and 

Grasse,  but  very  litle  Wood. 

[Leland  then  pursued  his  way  to  Malmesbury,  Bath,  Wells,  &c.  Whilst 
at  Bradford,  he  made  a  note  of  "  the  notable  Stone  Bridges  apon  Avon,"  of 
which  only  the  following  concern  this  county.] 

Bristow  Bridge  a  10.  Miles  lower  (from  Bath). 

A  2.  Miles  above  Bristoiv  was  a  commune  Trajectus  by  Bote, 
wher  was  a  Chapelle  of  S.  Anne  on  the  same  side  of  Avon  that 
Bath  stondith  on,  and  heere  was  great  Pilgrimage  to  S.  Anne. 

Vol.  iv.  ]).  73. 
From  Eovesham  I   passed  a  6.  or  7.  Miles  all  by  Champion 
Ground  in  the  Vale  of  Eovesham,  being  all  or  most  part  in  Wor- 
cestershire to  Stanwey  Village,  standinge  in  the  Bootes  of  the 
Hills  of  Cotsivould. 

The  Vale  of  Eovesham  is  as  it  were  for  such  an  Angle  the 
Horreum  of  Worcester-shire,  it  is  soe  plentifull  of  Corne.  It  lyeth 
from  the  Bipe  of  Avon  to  the  Bootes  of  Cotstcould-HiUes. 

There  is  in  Stanwey  {Com.  Clone.)  a  fayre  Mannour  Place  and 
Lordship,  at  the  East  Ende  of  the  Churche,  of  late  belonging  to 
the  Abbots  of  Teivkesbury,  where  he  sometimes  laye.  Mr.  Tracy 
hath  it  now  in  Farme. 

There  cometh  downe  from  East-South-East  a  Broket,  that  after 
goeth  to  Todington  streame. 

From  Stanwey  a  Mile  to  Didbroke,  and  a  Mile  beyond  is 
Hilly  [Hayles]1  There  cometh  clown  a  Purle  of  Water  from  the 
South  syd  of  Hales  Abbey,2  and  goeth  toward  Todington  Water 

1  Leland's  MS.  of  this  tour  is  lost.  There  are  two  early  transcripts,  and 
the  important  variations  are  given  within  brackets. 

'-In  Vol.  v.  p.  1.  is  found  the  following  isolated  entry,  with  the  words 
"  Hayles  Abbaye  "  in  the  margin  : — An°  D.  1251°.  comummata  eat  ecclesia 
cum  dormitorio,  claustro  d;  refectorio  :  expensis  in  operatio?iibux  octo  marcarum 
millibus. 


232  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

WINCHCOMB. 

From  Hales  to  Winchelscombe  a  Mile  and  an  halfe  by  fayr  plen- 
tifull  Hilles.  The  Towne  of  Winchelescombe  {Com.  Glouc.)  standeth 
from  a  litle  Valley  by  East,  and  soe  softly  risith  in  length  of  one 
principall  Street  into  the  West.  The  Towne  of  certaine,  as  it 
appeareth  in  divers  Places,  and  especially  by  South  towardes 
Sudeley-C&st\e,  was  walled ;  and  the  Legend,  or  Life,  of  Kenelme 
doth  testifie  the  same. 

There  was  a  Fortresse  or  Castle  right  against  the  South  syde 
of  St.  Peter  s,  The  Parish  Church  of  Winchecombe,  called  of  latter 
dayes  (as  appeareth  by  Writinges  in  Winchecombe  Abbey)  Ivy- 
Castle,  now  a  place  where  a  few  poore  Houses  bee  and  Gardeins. 
I  thinke  that  the  ould  Buildinges  of  it  fallinge  into  ruine,  and 
Ivy  growinge  in  the  Walles  of  it,  caused  it  to  be  called  by  the 
Name  of  Ivy-Castle. 

The  last  Prior  of  Winchelescombe  tould  mee  that  he  hath  heard 
that  there  was  a  Fort  or  Castle  about  the  East-North-East  Part 
of  the  Towne  of  Winchelscombe. 

Kenelphus,  Kinge  of  the  Merches,  had  a  Pallace  in  this  Towne, 
and  first  builded  a  famous  Abbey  in  it,  and  dedicated  it  with  a 
glorious  Solemnity.  This  Abbey  was  a  2.  sundry  tymes  defaced 
with  Fyer  and  reedifyed. 

Rich,  de  Kiddermister,  the  last  Abbot  savinge  one,  did  great 
Cost  of  the  Church,  and  enclosed  the  Abbey  towardes  the  Towne 
with  a  rnaine  Stone-Wall  ex  quadrato  Saxo. 

There  laye  buried  in  the  East  part  of  the  Church  of  the  Mon- 
astery of  Winchecombe,  Kenelphus  and  Kenelmus,  the  Father  and 
Sonne,  both  Kinges  of  Merches.  There  laye  in  St.  Nicholas  Chap- 
pell  at  the  East  Ende  of  the  High  Aulter  on  Hen.  Boteler,  that 
covered  the  Body  of  the  Church  of  the  Monastery  with  Lead. 
This  Boteler  was  of  the  House  of  the  Botelers  of  Sudeley.  There 
laye  other  of  the  Botelers  of  Sudeley  in  the  Church  of  the  Monas- 
tery. There  was  of  ancient  tyme  a  Church  of  St.  Nicholas  in  the 
East  part  of  the  Towne,  decayed  many  Yeares  since. 

In  K.  Hen.  5.  tyme,  the  Paroch  Chyrch  of  the  Towne  was 
kept  in  the  Body  of  the  Church  of  the  Monastery.  But  in  K. 
H.  6.   tyme  one    William    Winchecombe,  Abbot  of   Winchelescombe 


Lelaxd  ix  Glottcestershire.  233 

beganne  with  the  Consent  of  the  Towne  a  Paroch  Church  at  the 
West  Encle  of  the  Abbey,  where  of  ould  tyme  had  beene  and  then 
was  a  litle  Chappell  of  St.  Pancrace. 

Abbot  William  made  the  East  Ende  of  the  Church.  The 
Parishoners  had  gathered  a  200Z.  and  began  the  Body  of  the 
Church  ;  but  that  Summe  being  not  able  to  performe  soe  costly  a 
Worke  Rafe  Boteler  Lord  Sudeley  helped  them  and  finished  the 
Worke. 

I  marked  in  the  South  Isle  of  the  Quire,  first  the  Image  of 
Tho.  Boteler  Lord  Sudeley.  Then  were  there  Images  of  these  his 
Sonnes  followinge,  John,  William,  Thomas  and  Rafe,  and  an  Image 
(as  I  take  it)  of  Elizabeth  Wife  to  Rafe  L,  Sudeley.  There  was 
alsoe,  in  the  Glasse  Windowes  in  the  North  Isle  of  the  Quire 
Images  of  4.  Gentlewomen,  whereof  one  was  name  Alicia,  Da.  to 
Tho.  Boteler  L.  Sudeley. 

The  Parish  Church  is  dedicated  to  St.  Peter. 

There  was  once  an  Hospitall  in  the  Towne,  but  now  the  Name 
onely  of  Spittle  remaineth. 

The  Brooke  that  cometh  downe  by  the  South  Part  of  the 
Towne  is  commonly  called  Esteburne.  It  risith  about  3.  Miles 
above  the  Towne  by  West,  and  soe  runneth  by  East  to  the  very 
Bottome  of  the  Towne  of  Winchecombe.  Then  it  turneth  somewhat 
North  to  Todington,  not  2.  Miles  of,  and  it  goeth  to  the  River  of 
Avon. 

[In  Vol.  viii.,  pp.  98-9,  are  the  following  additional  Winchcombe 

Notes : 

Averey  Parson  of  Dene  tolde  me  .  .  .  that  it  aperithe  by  Seint 
Kenelme's  Legend  that  Winchelcombe  was  oppidum  mnro  cinctum. 
And  he  saythe  that  the  Towne  Buyldinge  was  muche  toward 
Sudeley  Castell,  and  that  ther  yet  remayne  sum  Tokens  of  a  Diche 
and  the  Foundation  of  a  Wall,  and  that  ther  be  Tokens  of  an  othar 
Way  up  a  praty  way  beyonde  the  highe  Strete  above  the  Churche 
where  the  Farme  of  Corwedene  is  :  so  that  of  old  tyme  it  was  a 
mighty  large  Towne. 

The  Monastery  was  set  in  the  best  Parte  of  all  the  Towne,  and 
hard  by  it  where  the  Parioche  Churche  is  was  Kynge  Kenulphe 
Palace.      Winchelcombe  is  set  in  the  Rottes  of  Cotisivolde. 


234  Transactions  for  the  Ykar  1889-90. 

The  Ryver  that  cummythe  as  the  old  Towne  stoode  thorough 
the  Mydle  of  V/inchelcombe  is  comonly  caulyd  ther  Grope  cunte, 
but  aftar  a  litle  benethe  Todington ,  by  the  which  it  rennithe,  it 
changythe  the  Name,  and  aftar  a  this  syde  Eovesham  at  a  litle 
Village  caullyd  Ampton  it  rennythe  into  Avon.  The  Head  of  this 
Rivar  is  a  2.  Myles  above  Wynchelescombe  in  the  Hill. 

This  Riveret  cummythe  within  a  Qwarter  of  a  Myle  of  Hayles 
Monasterie  in  the  Valley  under  it.] 

SUDELEY. 

The  Castle  of  Sudeley  is  about  halfe  a  Mile  from  Winchecombe. 

....  Boteler  L.  Sudeley  made  this  Castle  a  fundamentis,  and 
when  it  was  made  it  had  the  Price  of  all  the  Buildinges  in  those 
Dayes.  I  read  but  of  one  L.  Sudeley  of  the  Botelers,  and  is  Name 
was  Thomas,  as  it  appeareth  in  the  Glasse  Windowes  at  Winche- 
combe in  St.  Peter's  Church.  Therefore  I  take  it  that  it  was  this 
Ihomas  that  made  the  Castle.  Yet  did  Mr.  Tracy  tell  mee,  that 
Rafe  Boteler  builded  the  Castle  ;  but  he  shewed  noe  Authoribye, 
why.  Indeed  Thomas  had  a  Sonne  called  Uafe,  sett  as  yongest  in 
order  in  the  Glasse  Windowes  in  St.  Peter's  Church. 

The  L.  Sudeley  that  builded  the  Castle  was  a  famous  Man  of 
Warre  in  K.  H.  5.  and  K.  H.  6.  Dayes,  and  was  an  Admirall  (as 
I  have  heard)  on  Sea  ;  whereupon  it  was  supposed,  and  spoken, 
that  it  was  partly  builded  ex  spoliis  Gallorum  ;l  and  some  speake 
of  a  Towre  in  it  called  Palmare's  Toivre,  that  it  should  be  made 
of  a  Ransome  of  his. 

One  thinge  was  to  be  noted  in  this  Castle,  that  part  of  the 
Windowes  of  it  were  glased  with  Berall.  There  had  beene  a 
Manour  Place  at  Sudeley  before  the  Building  of  the  Castle,  and 
the  plott  is  yet  seene  in  Sudeley  Parke  where  it  stoode. 

K.  E.  4.  bore  noe  good  Will  to  the  L.  Sudeley,  as  a  Man  sus- 
pected to  be  in  heart  K.  H.  6.  his  Man ;  whereupon  by  Complaints 
he  was  attached,  and  going  up  to  London  he  looked  from  the  Hill 
to  Sudeley,  and  sayd,  Sudeley  Castle,  thou  crt  a  Traytor,  not  I. 
After  he  made  an  honest  Declaration,  and  sould  his  Castle  of 
Sudeley  to  K.  E.  4. 

1  This  statement  is  repeated  in  nearly  the  same  words  in  a  stray  note, 
Vol.  viii.,  p.  99. 


From  Winchelescombe  to 


Miles. 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  235 

Afterward  K.  H.  7.  gave  this  Castle  to  his  Uncle  Jasper  D.  of 
Bedford,  or  permitted  him  to  have  the  use  of  it.  Now  it  goeth  to 
mine,  more  pittye.  The  Trades  of  Todington  were  sett  up  by 
Landes  given  them  by  the  Botelers. 

There  runneth  a  praty  Lake  out  of   Sudeley  Parke  downe  by 

the  Castle,  and  runneth  into  Esseburne  Brooke,  at  the  South  syde 

of  Winchcombe. 

Tewkesbury  7. 
Cirencester  15. 
Gloucester  12. 
Southam  3. 

by  good  Corne,  Pasture,  and  Wood  but  somewhat  Hilly.  Southam 

there  dwell  Sr.  John  Hodlestan,  and  hath  builded  a  pretty  Mannour 

Place.     He  bought  the  Land  of  one  Goodman. 

[The  following  notes  on  Sudeley  occur  in  Vol.  viii.,pp.  31-2  : 

The  Lordeshipe  of  Sudeley  in  Glocestershire  longed  to  the 
Botelars  that  were  Western  Men. 

One  Rafe  Boteler  of  Sudeley  buylded  the  Castle  of  Sudeley 
aboute  the  tyme  of  Henry  the  6.  and  Edward  the  4. 

Butlar  Lorde  Sudley  was  emprisoned  in  Edwarde  the  4.  Dayes, 
whereupon  he  resigned  his  Castle  into  the  Hands  of  Kynge 
Edward.  This  Castle  cam  after  to  Gaspar  Duke  of  Bedforde  that 
kept  Howshold  in  it. 

The  Hawle  of  Sudley  Castle  glased  with  rownd  Beralls. 

The  Tracyes  hold  Todington  Lordeshipe  and  othar  Lands  by  the 

Gyfte  of  the  Botelers.] 

CHELTENHAM. 

To  Chiltenham,  a  longe  Towne  havinge  a  Market.  It  belonged 
to  the  Abbey  of  TewJeesburie,  now  to  the  Kinge.  There  is  a  Brooke 
on  the  South  syde  of  the  Towne. 

From  Chiltenham  to  Gloucester  6.  Miles  all  by  lowe  Groundes, 
Corne,  Pasture  and  Meadowe.  All  the  Quarter  is  thereabout  from 
Winchcombe  to  Eovesham  and  to  Tewkesburie,  and  all  the  Waye  from 
Chiltenham  to  Gloucester,  and  thence  to  Tewkesbury,  and  partly 
from  Gloucester  on  Severne  Ripes  to  Newenham  much  lowe 
Groundes,  subject  to  all  suddaine  Risinge  of  Severne.  Soe  that 
after  Raine  it  is  very  foule  to  travaile  in.  I  passed  over  2.  or  3. 
small  Lakes  betwixt  Chiltenham  and  Gloucester,  and  they  resort  to 
Severne. 


236  Transactions  for  thk  Year  1S89-90. 

GLOUCESTER. 
The  Towne  of  Gloucester  is  antient,  well  builded  of  Tymbre,  and 
large,  and  strongly  defended  with  Walles,  where  it  is  not  well 
fortified  with  the  deepe  Streame  of  Severne  Water.  In  the  Wall 
be  4.  Gates  by  East,  West,  North  and  South,  and  soe  beare  the 
Names  ;  but  that  the  East-Gate  is  called  Aillisgate, 

The  antient  Castle  standeth  South  on  the  Towne  by  Severne 
left  Ripe,  whither  Picardes  and  small  Shippes  come  in  almost  by 
the  Castle.  I  lerned  that  the  ould  Key  on  Severne  stood  hard  by 
St.  Osvmldes,  and  for  strife  betwixt  the  Towne  and  St.  Osivaldes 
House  it  was  thence  remooved.  When  the  Key  was  by  St.  Osioaldes, 
there  was  divers  pretty  Streetes  that  now  be  cleane  decayed,  as  St. 
Bride's  Street,  and  Sylver  Girdle  Street.  The  truth  is  that  those 
Streets  stood  not  most  holesomely,  and  were  subject  to  the  raginge 
Floodes  of  Severne,  therefore  Men  desired  more  to  inhabit  in  the 
higher  Places  of  the  Towne.  The  Beauty  of  the  Towne  lyeth  in 
2.  Crossing  Streets,  as  the  Gates  of  the  Towne  lye  ;  and  at  the 
place  of  the  Midle  meetinge,  or  Quarters  of  these  Streets  is  an 
Aquseduct  incallated  [incastellid]. 

There  be  Suburbes  without  the  East,  North,  and  South 
Gates.  The  Bridge  onely  with  the  Causey  lyeth  at  the  West 
Gate.  The  Bridge  that  is  on  the  cheife  Arme  of  Severne,  that 
runneth  hard  by  the  Towne,  is  of  7.  great  Arches  of  Stone.  There 
is  another  a  litle  more  West  of  it,  that  hath  an  Arch  or  2,  and 
serveth  at  a  time  for  a  Ditch  or  Dreane  of  the  Meades.  A  litle 
way  farther  there  is  another  Bridge,  hard  without  the  West  Gate, 
and  this  Bridge  hath  5.  great  Arches.  From  this  Bridge  there 
goeth  a  great  Causey  of  Stone,  forced  up  through  the  lowe  Mea- 
dowes  of  Severne  by  the  length  of  a  Quarter  of  a  Myle.  In  this 
Causey  be  divers  double  arched  Bridges,  to  dreane  the  Meadowes 
at  Floodes.  At  the  Encle  of  this  Causey  is  a  Bridge  of  8.  Arches 
not  yet  finished. 

Bell  a  Merchant  of  Gloucester  now  livinge  [defunt]  consider- 
inge  (sic)  to  a  Common- Wealth  Bridges  and  Causeys  be,  and  to 
the  Towne  of  Gloucester  hath  geven  x.li.  Land  by  the  Yeare  to 
the  Maintenance  of  them. 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  237 

There  are  11.  Parish  Churches  in  Gloucester  Towne.  In  the 
Suburbes  is  Eivines.  I  cannot  surely  tell  whether  this  be  one  of 
the  eleven. 

The  Grey  Fryers  Colledge  stood  within  the  Towne  not  farre 
from  the  South  Gate.  This  place  is  now  turned  to  a  Brew-House. 
One  of  the  L.  Berkeley s  was  Founder  of  it. 

The  Black  Fryers  Colledge  stoocle  within  the  Towne  not  farre 
from  the  Castle  Garth.  K.  Hen.  3.  and  Stephen  Diiis  de  Harnes- 
hull  Miles  were  Founders  thereof  about  1239.  This  House  is 
made  by  one  Bell  a  Drapering  House. 

The  White  Fryers  Colledge  stoode  in  the  Suburbe  without  the 
North-Gate.  There  is  in  the  same  North  Suburbe  somewhat 
more  by  North  an  Hospitall  for  poor  Folkes  endowed  with  Landes 
dedicate  to  St.  Margaret.     The  Towneship  hath  the  order  of  this. 

There  is  another  poore  Hospitall  of  St.  Mary  Mag  del  en  some- 
what more  by  North  than  St.  Margarettes.  The  Priory  of 
Lanthony  was  taken  as  a  Founder  there,  and  was  wont  to  main- 
taine  it  with  a  certaine  Charity  of  Bread. 

There  is  an  Hospitall  of  St.  Bartholomew  a  litle  within  the 
West  Gate.  This  Hospitall  had  once  a  Maister  and  52.  poore 
Men,  and  now  it  hath  a  Maister  and  32.  poore  Men  and  Women. 
The  B.  of  Worcester  doth  give  this  Hospitall.  Some  saye  it  was  of 
the  Kinges  Foundation.  One  Pancefoot,  that  was  livinge  in  the 
Mind  of  ould  Men,  is  buried  in  the  Chappell  of  this  Hospitall. 
Whitmaster  a  Suffragave  now  Ruler  of  this  House  raised  this 
Hospitall,  that  afore  was  very  subject  to  the  rising  of  Severne, 
and  builded  a  fayre  Lodging  for  himselfe  in  the  Hospitall. 

Thinges  excerpted  out  of  certaine  Writinges  in  the  Wall  of  the 
North  Isle  of  the  Body  of  the  Cathedrall  Church  of  Gloucester. 

Osric,  first  under  King  and  Lord  of  this  Countyre,  and  the 
Kinge  of  Northumberland,  with  the  Licence  of  Ethelred  K.  of 
March,  first  founded  this  Monastery  an.  drii.  681.  Osric  by  the 
Councell  of  Bosell,  first  Bishop  of  Worcester,  put  in  Nunnes,  and 
maketh  his  Sister  Kineburge  Abbesse  there. 

The    [Thre]     Noble    Women    Kineburge,    Eilburge,  and   Eva 
Queenes  of  March  onely  Abbasses  for  the  tyme  of  the  Nunnes, 
the  which  was  84.  and  4.  (sic)  Yeares.     The  Nunnes  were  ban- 
Vol.  XIV.  r 


238  TRANSACTION'S  FOR  the  Year   1889-90. 

ished  [ravyshedj  and  driven  awaye  by  Warres  betwixt  K.  Egbart 
and  the  K.  of  Marches. 

Barnidph  K.  of  Marches  bringeth  in  Seculer  Canons  and 
Clerkes  givinge  Possessions  and  Liberties  to  them. 

King  Canute  for  ill  livinge  expelleth  the  Seculer  Clerkes,  and 
by  the  Councell  of  Wolfstan  B.  of  Worcester  bringeth  in  Monkes. 

Eldred  B.  of  Worcester  translated  to  Yorke  taketh  a  great  part 
of  the  Landes  of  Gloucester  Abbey  to  resedifie  the  Minster  of 
Yorke. 

A  Nobleman  called  Wolphine  [Wolphire  Lehie]  for  7.  Preists 
killed  had  Penance  to  find  perpetually  7.  Monkes  i\\Gloucester. 

Thomas  Archb.  of  Yorke  restored  the  Landes  to  Gloucester  the 
which  Mlredus  Archb.  of  Yorke  wrongfully  did  withhould. 

William  the  Conquerour  gave  the  Abbey  of  Gloucester  decayed 
to  Serlo  his  Chaplaine.  Serlo  Monachus  Scti.  Michaelis  in  Nor- 
mannia. 

K.  William  the  Conquerour  an  his  Sonnes  gave  Possessions  and 
Liberties  to  the  Abbey  of  Gloucester. 

Sancta  Arihla  Virgin,  martyred  at  Kington  by  Thornebury, 
translated  to  this  Monastary  had  done  many  Miracles. 

Soger  Lacy  E.  of  Hereford,  Roger  L.  Berkeley,  Hugh  de  Portu, 
Helias  Giffard,  Jo.  Maungeant  Canon  of  Hereford,  were  Monkes 
in  Gloucester. 

The  Quire  and  South-Isle  of  Gloucester-Church  were  made  by 
Oblations  done  at  the  Tombe  by  K.  E.  2. 

The  Names  of  Noblemen  buried  in  the  Monas'ery  of  Gloucester. 

Osfric,  Founder  of  Gloucester- Ahhey ,  first  laye  in  St.  PetronelVs 
Chappell,  thence  remoovecl  into  our  Lady  Chappell,  and  thence 
remooved  of  late  dayes,  and  layd  under  a  fayre  tombe  of  Stone 
on  the  North  syde  of  the  High  aulter.  at  the  Foote  of  the  Tombe 
is  this  written  in  a  Wall : 

Osirus  Rex  jjrimus  fundator  hujus  Monasterii.  681. 

Robtus.  Curthoise,  sonne  to  K.  William  the  Conquerour,  lyeth  in 
the  midle  of  the  Presbitery.  There  is  on  his  Tombe  an  Image  of 
Wood  paynted,  made  longe  since  his  Death. 

K.  25.  of  Camarvan  (or  K.  E.  2.)  lyeth  under  a  fayre  Tombe 
in  an  Arch  at  the  Head  of  K.  Osric  Tombe. 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  239 

Serlo,  Abbot  of  GLzicester,  lyeth  under  a  fayre  Marble  Tombe, 
on  the  South  syde  of  the  Presbitery.  There  was  of  late  taken 
up  a  Crosse  wrapped  in  a  Bulles  Hide  under  an  Arch  at  the 
Head  of  the  Tombe  of  Edw.  of  Carnarvan,  where  Maherne,  alias 
Parke-,  late  Abbot  of  Gloucester  made  a  Chappell  to  be  buried  in. 
A  Monke  tould  mee  that  it  was  the  Corps  of  a  Lady  Countesse 
of  Pembroke. 

Abbot  Horton  lyeth  under  a  flatt  Stone  in  the  North  Part  of 
the  Transept  of  the  Church. 

Abbot  Froucester  lyeth  in  a  Chappell  at  the  South  West  Part 
of  the  Quire. 

Gamage  a  Kt.  of  Wales,  and  his  Wife,  lye  in  a  Chappell  in  the 
North  East  part  of  the  Body  of  the  Church. 

These  Inscriptions  be  written  on  the  Walles  of  the  Chapter- 
House  in  the  Cloyster  of  Gloucester. 
Hie  jacet  Rogerus  [Roger  Lacy]  Comes  de  Hereford. 
Hicjacet  Ricus  Strongbowe  films  Gilberti  Comitis  de  Pembroke. 
Hie  jacet  Gualterus  de  Lacy. 
Hie  jacet  Philippus  de  Foye  miles. 
Hicjacet  Bernardus  de  Novo  Mercatu. 
Hicjacet  Paganus  de  Cadurcis. 
Hie  jacet  Adam  de  Cadurcis. 
Hicjacet  Robertus  Curtois. 

These  notable  thinges  following  I 
Hanley  \  learned  of  an  ould  Man,  made  lately 

Farley  1  a  Monke  of  Gloucester, 

Horton  !  Abbotts  of  Serlo  reseddified  Gloucester  Abbey. 

Sebroke  I         Glouc.         Abbot  Hanley  and  Farley  made  our 

Froiicester(sic)  1  Lady  Chappell,  at  the  East  End  of 

Morwent  /  the  Church.  Abbot  Horton  made  the 

North  Part  of  the  Crosse  Isle.  The 
South  Part  of  the  Crosse  Isle  and  much  of  the  Presbitery  Vault 
was  made  by  Oblations  at  the  Tombe  of  K.  E.  2. 

Abbot  Sebroke  made  a  great  Part  of  the  exceedinge  fayre  and 
square  Towre  in  the  Middest  of  the  Church.  This  Towre  is  a 
Pharos  to  all  Partes  about  from  the  Hilles. 

R  2 


240  Transactions  for  the  Year  1839-90. 

Abbot  Froncester  (sic)  made  the  Cloyster  a  right  goodly  and 
sumptuous  Peice  of  Worke. 

Abbot  Morwent  newly  erected  the  very  West  Ende  of  the 
Church,  and  2.  Arches  of  the  Body  of  the  Church,  one  on  each 
syde,  mindinge  if  he  had  lived  to  have  made  the  whole  Body  of 
the  Church  of  like  "Worke.  He  also  made  the  stately  and  costly 
Porch  on  the  South  syd  of  the  Body  of  the  Church. 

One  Osberne  Celerer  of  Gloucester  made  of  late  a  fayre  new 
Tower  or  Gate-House  at  the  South  West  Part  of  the  Abbey 
Cemiterye. 

These  fayre  Villes  or  Mannour  Places  belonge  to  the  Abbot 
of  Gloucester. 

Prinknesse  on  an  Hill,  where  is  a  fayre  Parke  3.  Miles  from 
Gloucester  by  East. 

Dineyard  [Vineyard]  a  goodly  House  on  an  Hillet  at  the 
Cawsey  End  at  Gloucester  by  West. 

Hartlebury  4.  Miles  by  North- West  from  Gloucester. 

Froncester,  where  sometimes  was  a  Colledge  of  Prebendaries, 
suppressed  and  given  to  Gloucester  Abbey  distant  from  Gloucester 
8  Miles,  and  standeth  a  Mile  beyond  Standley  Priory.  The  Kinge 
hath  it  now.     It  is  an  100.  m.  by  the  Yeare. 

Bromefeild,  where  sometimes  was  a  litle  Colledge,  since  impro- 
priate to  the  Abbey  of  Gloucester,  a  2.  Miles  from  Ludlowe. 

The  following  additional  Notes  on  Gloucester  Cathedral  are  from 

Vol.  viii.,  p.  32  et  sea. 

Ex  inscriptionibus  in  occidental!  parte  Glocester  Churche. 

Osricus  rex  primus  fundator  of  that  Monastary  in  Anno  Domini 
dclxxxi.  for  Nuns. 

Saynt  Arild  Virgin,  martired  at  Kinton  ny  to  Thorriberye  by 
one  Muncius  a  Tiraunt,  who  cut  of  hir  Hcade  becawse  she  would 
not  consent  to  lye  withe  hym.  She  was  translatyd  to  this  Monas- 
terye,  and  hathe  done  great  Miracles. 

The  great  Southe  Ysle  of  Gloucestar  Churche  was  made  by 
Oblations  done  at  the  Tombe  of  Kynge  Edward  the  Second. 

Pvoger  Lacye  Erie  of  Hereford. 

Roger  Lord  Berkley. 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  241 

Hugo  de  Porta.   Uelias  Giffard. 

Master  John  Mangeant,  Chanon  of  Herford  wer  Monks  of  Glou- 
cestar. 

Bernidf,  Kynge  of  Merche,  bringethe  in  Seculer  Chanons  and 
Clerks,  gyvynge  Pocessions  and  Lyberties  to  them. 

Kynge  Canute  for  ill  lyvynge  expellyd  Seculer  Clerks,  and  by 
the  Counsell  of  Wolstane  Byshope  of  Wurcestar  bringethe  in 
Monkes. 

Aldred  Byshope  of  Worcester-,  transladyd  to  Yorke,  takynge  a 
great  Parte  of  the  Lands  of  Glocestar  to  reedyfie  the  same. 

A  noble  Lord,  callyd  Wolphin  Lehie,  for  7.  Pristes  kylled,  had 
Penaunce  to  find  7.  Monks  at  Glocestar. 

William  Conquerar  gave  Glocestar  Abbay  decayed  to  his  Chap- 
len  Serlo. 

Osrik  first  under  Kynge  and  Lorde  of  this  Contrie,  and  the 
Kynge  of  Nor thumb erland,  with  the  Licens  of  Ethelrede,  Kynge 
of  Mercia,  first  foundyd  this  Monasterye. 

Osrike  by  the  Counsell  of  Bosel  firste  Byshope  of  Worcester, 
putteth  in  Nunes,  and  makethe  Kineburge  his  Sister  Abbes. 

3.  Noble  Women,  Kineburge,  Edburge,  and  Eva  Queues  of 
Merchie,  and  only  Abbesses  for  the  tymes  of  Nunes,  the  which 
was  84.  Yeres.  The  Nunes  wer  ravyshed  and  dryven  away  by 
Warres  betwixt  Egbert  and  Kynge  of  the  Marche. 

Albredus,  B.  of  Wircestar,  dedicated  the  Church  of  Glocestar, 
whiche  he  had  builded  from  the  Foundation  to  S.  Petar,  and  by 
the  Kyng's  Licens  obteyned,  constituted  Wulstan  Abbot  there. 

Kynge  William  Conquerar  gave,  and  his  Sonns  also,  Liberties 
and  Pocessions  to  the  Monastarie  of  Glocestar. 

Thomas  Archebyshope  of  Yorke  restoryd  the  Land,  the  whiche 
Aldrede  wrongfully  dyd  withhold. 

Mauley  and  Farley  Abbats  made  owr  Lady  Chapell. 

Hirton  Abbas  made  the  Northe  Syde  of  the  Crosse  Isle. 

The  Sowthe  Syde  of  the  Crosse  Isle  made  by  Offeryngs  at  the 
Tombe  of  Kynge  Edward  the  2. 

Abbote  Sebroke  made  a  great  Peace  of  the  Belle  Towre  in  the 
midle  of  the  Quiere. 


242  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Abbate  Troncester  (sic)  buryed  at  the  West  Encle  of  the  Quiere 
made  the  Cloistar. 

Abbate  Morwent  made  the  new  West  Ende  of  the  Churche, 
and  the  goodly  Porche  by  North. 

Gamage  a  Knight  of  Wales  and  his  Wife  wer  buried  at  the 
Southe  West  Side  witheout  the  Qwere. 

Osburne  Celerer  made  a  late  a  sqware  Towre  by  Northe  W'est 
the  Churche  Yarde  in  Abbate  Malveme,  alias  Parker's  tyine. 

Robert  Curthose  is  buried  in  the  Presbitere. 

Some  thinke  that  Stranbowe's  Wif  Countis  of  Pembroke  lay 
where  Abbot  Malvern  had  his  Tombe. 

Sudeley  Castell  sold  to  Kynge  Edwarde  the  4.1 

From  Winchelescombe  to  Twekesbyrie  7.Myles. 

To  Worcester  14  Mils. 

To  Cirencester  15  Miles. 

To  Glocester  xii.  Myles. 

To  Southam  3.  Mils. 

Sowtliam  longed  to  one  Goodman,  nowe  to  Hudelstan. 

From  Southam  to  Chilteham  Market  5.  Miles.  It  longed  to 
Tcwhesberye.  a  Broke.  2.  Brokes  more. 

To  Glocestar  vi.  Miles. 

In  Gloucester  ar  11.  Pariche  Churches.  Seint  Ewines  without 
the  Suburbe.  The  Abbey  Churche.  Seint  Oswalde.  The  Graye 
K.   Henry    the  3.  and      and  Blake  Friers  within  the  Towne.  The  White 

Stephen  de  H hhus      Frers.      Seint  Margaret,  and  Seint  Magdalen's 

Knight  foundyd  the  Hospitales  without  the  Towne.  Seint  Margaret's 
Blake  Frers  anno  Dom.  bettar  endewed.  liartolome's  Hospital  beyond 
1239.  one  of  the  Bridgs.  30.  poore  Folke.   One  Pounce- 

Lorde  Barkley  foundyd  volt  lyethe  in  the  Bodye  of  the  Churche  there, 
the  Whit  Friers.  a  greate  Benefactor  to  it. 

vii.  Arches  in  the  first  Bridge,  one  in  a  Gut  Bridge  beyond, 
v.  Arches  in  a  Bridge  upon  a  Pece  of  Severne.  4.  in  the  Cawse.  3. 
in  a  nother  Place,  beside  othar  viii.  at  the  Ende. 

1  Although  this  and  the  subsequent  nine  lines  are  interpolated  in  Leland's 
notes  on  Gloucester,  they  are  evidently  memoranda  made  whilst  at  Winch- 
comb, 


Leland  ix  Gloucestershire.  243 

Northe  Gate.  Ailes  Gate  by  Est.  South  Gate.  West  Gate 
beyonde  the  2.  first  Bridges  new  builded.  Lands  given  by  Henry 
the  8.  Belle  and  othar  Men  to  mayntayne  the  Cawsies  and 
Bridges  and  [at]  Qlocester. 

Howsys  longginge  to  the  Abbat  of  Glocestar. 

Piulcenes  3.  Miles  of  by  Est  with  a  goodly  Parke. 

The  Vinyarde  by  West  at  the  Cawsey's  End. 

Hartebyriby  Northe  West  [4.]  Miles  of. 

No  Bridge  on  Sever ne  byneth  Glocestar. 

Newenham  Village  8.  Miles  bynethe  Glocestar  rijpa  dextra  in 
the  Forest  of  Dene.  There  the  Watar  at  full  Se  is  halfe  a  Myle 
over.     A  2.  Myls  lower  the  Water  at  full  Se  is  a  Myle  more  ovar. 

BarJceley  an  18.  Miles  from  Glocestar,  somewhat  distaunt  from 
Severne. 

Thomeberye  a  22.  Myles,  not  very  farre  from  Severne  on  a  Creke 
goynge  up  to  it. 

From  Glocestar  to  Bright  stow  30.  Myles  by  Land,  40.  by  Water 
and  more. 

No  Bridge  from  Gloucestar  to  Twexberye.  Ther  a  Bridge. 
To  Avon  a  litle  above  the  Towne. 

Fowre  Myles  above  Twclcexberye  a  Stone  Bridge,  but  none  on 
Avon. 

Inscriptiones  in  capitulo  [Capta]  Glocester  eccle. 

Hicjacet  Richard  Strongbowe  films  Gilberti  Earle  of  Peubroke. 

Hicjacet  Philipus  de  Fox  [Foye]  miles. 

Hie  jacet  Bernardus  de  Novo  Mercato. 

Hicjacet  Paganus  de  Cadurcis. 

Hicjacet  Adam  de  Cadurcis. 

Hicjacet  Robertus  Curtus. 

Froncester  a  Lordshipe  of  a  c.  Marke  a  Yere  8.  Miles  from 
Glocester,  a  Myle  beyond  Standeley  Priory. 

These  Hoivses  of  Whit  Monks  were  made  and  erectid  of  Houses  of 

a  Beligion   cawllid  Fratres  Grisei,  an  Order   that  was  afore  the 

Conquest. 

[after  mentioning  Build  was  and  others]. 

Rogerus,  Erie  of  Hereforde  Founder  of  Flaxley  in  the  Forest  of 
Deene.     There  was  a  Brother  of  Rogers  Erie  of  Hereford  that  was 


•244  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

kyllycl  withe  an  Arow  in  Huntynge  in  the  very  Place  where  the 
Abbay  syns  was  made.  There  was  a  Table  of  this  niatier  hanggicl 
up  in  the  Abbay  Churche  of  Flexeley.  There  was  a  Byshope  of 
Hereford  that  holp  muche  to  the  building  of  Flexley. 


Vol.  iv.  p.  81  et  sea:. 

The  Priory  of  St.  Oswald  stood  North  North  West  from  Glou- 
cestei  Abbey  upon  Severne  Ripe.  Ethelredus  E.  of  Marches  and 
Ethelfleda  his  Noble  Wife,  daughter  to  Fdiv.  the  first,  afore  the 
Conquest,  founded  originally  this  House,  instituting  Prebendaries 
in  it,  and  thither  translated  from  Bardney  the  Body  of  St.  Oswald 
K.  of  Northumberland,  and  there  richly  entombed  it. 

It  chanced  that  soone  after  the  Conquest  a  Blsh.  of  Lincolne, 
great  with  the  King,  required  other  Jurisdiction  or  Landes  in 
Lindesey  belonging  to  the  Seate  of  York.  For  the  King  entreated 
the  Archbishop,  being  at  that  time  also  B.  of  Worcester.  Where- 
upon the  B.  of  Yorhe  desiringe  the  Kinge  to  have  the  Colledge  of 
St.  Oswald  impropriate  to  the  Seate  of  Yorke,  and  soe  he  had. 
Whereupon  he  practized  with  the  Prebendaries  of  a  new  Founda- 
tion, and  that  they  should  be  Chanons  Regular.  Some  were 
content,  some  would  not :  but  the  B.  brought  his  purpose  to  passe 
by  Power,  and  there  instituted  a  House  of  Chanons  Regular, 
impropriatinge  Benefices  unto  them  and  giving  them  Coyletts  of 
Land,  reserving  the  goodly  Landes  to  the  Church  of  Yorke,  that 
at  this  tyme  be  yet  possessed  of  it. 

The  House  of  Lantony,  a  famous  Priory  of  late  of  Canons 
Regular,  stoode  on  the  left  Ripe  of  Severne,  a  litle  beneath  Glou- 
cester. One  Milo,  E.  of  Hereford  was  Founder  of  this  House,  and 
it  first  was  but  a  Cell  to  Llanhancleney  in  Brecknockshire.  This 
Priory  had  goodly  Landes,  whereof  a  notable  part  was  in  Ireland. 
There  longid  to  this  Priory  many  fayre  Mannour  Places. 

Neicarke  a  pretty  House  of  Stone  hard  by  Lanthony  ;  Quadesley 
a  3.  Miles  of ;  Bokworth  [Brochvorth]  ;  Barew.Ien  in  Cottesivould ; 
Alverton  by  Severne  a  3.  Miles  from  Chepstowe  [all  thes  belongyd 
to  Lantoney]. 

The  River  of  Severne  breaketh  into  2.  Amies  in  the  Meadowes 
a  litle  above  Gloucester,  whereoff  the  principall  Arme  striketh 


Leland  ix  Gloucestershire.  245 

hard  by  Gloucester  Towne  Syde,  tlie  other  goeth  through  a  great 
Bridge  at  the  West  Encta  of  the  Causey  at  Glouc.  and  a  litle 
beneath  Lanthony  Priory  they  meet  together.  This  Isle  or  MeJi- 
amnis  betwixt  these  2  Armes  is  all  very  goodly  Meadowe  Ground, 
and  that  about  Lantony,  for  Cheese  there  made  is  in  great  Price. 

[In  Vol.  v.,  p.  64,  are  the  following  additional  notes  respecting 
Gloucester : — 

Glocestre  where  yt  is  not  sufficiently  defended  by  Severn  ys 
waulled.  The  Castel  is  of  an  wonderful  old  Building,  but  no  Britons 
Brykes  yn  yt,  seel  lapides  plerunupue  quadrati.  Of  al  Partes  of  yt 
the  hy  Tower  in  media  area  ys  most  strongest  and  auncient- 
Withowt  duplici  fossa  munitur.  In  the  Towne  be  [xi]  Paroche 
Chirches.  withowt  Blak  Monkes  yn  the  Town.  Blak  Chanons 
lately  withowt. 

An  Arow  shot  withowt  the  Town  toward  Her  ford  ys  a  long 
Bridge  of  Stone,  under  the  which  goeth  a  great  Arme  of  Severne, 
as  I  remembre,  cawlled  Oivseburne.  Yt  breketh  owt  of  the  great 
Streame  above  the  Town,  and  beneth  yt  goith  againe  into  the 
mayne  Streame.  The  Curse  of  yt  is  abowt  a  Myle.  So  that  it 
insulateth  a  goodly  Medow.] 

There  is  noe  Bridge  on  Severne  beneath  Gloucester.  Neither 
is  there  any  Bridge  on  Severne  above  Gloucester,  'till  the  Towne- 
lett  of  Upton  a  11.  or  12.  Miles  from  Gloucester,  whither  at  high 
Tydes  Severne  Sea  doth  flowe. 

There  be  fewe  notable  Buildinges  on  Severne  betwixt  Glou- 
cester and  A  ust  Cliff e  where  the  Ferry  is  over  Severne  into  the 
Forrest  of  Dene. 

Newhham,  an  uplandish  Townelett  in  the  Forrest  of  Dene  on 
the  right  Ripe  of  Severne,  is  an  8.  Miles  beneath  Gloucester. 
There  at  a  full  Sea  Severne  is  halfe  a  Mile  of  Breadth. 

A  2.  Miles  lower  Severne  is  at  a  full  Sea  a  2  Miles  and  an 
half  over,  and  at  Aust  Cliffe  2.  good  Miles  over. 

Berkeley  an  18.  Miles  from  Gloucester  somewhat  distant  from 
the  Severne  Shore. 

Thornbury  a  22  Miles  from  Gloucester,  and  a  4.  Miles  above 
Aust  not  very  farre  from  Severne  Shore.  There  cometh  a  Creeke 
up  by  the  Marishes  from  Severne  to  Thornebury. 


246  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 


From  Gloucester  to 


Tewkesbury  7. 

Cirencester  18 

Monmouth  20  [26]  Miles. 

Neivent  6 

Bristowe  30 


FOREST  OF  DENE. 

As  soon  as  I  passed  over  the  Arme  of  Severne  at  the  West 
End  of  Gloucester  I  entred  into  the  Forrest  of  Bene,  the  which 
thence  downeward  alonge  Severne  unto  the  Mouth  of  Wye  River, 
(where  it  goeth  into  Severne)  and  on  the  other  parte  again  from 
Monmouth  to  the  Poynt  of  Wye  is  devided  from  Wales  by  the 
left  Ripe  of  Wye  River. 

The  Soyle  of  the  Forrest  of  Bene  for  the  most  part  is  more 
fruitfull  of  Woode  and  Grasse  then  of  Corne,  and  yet  there  is 
good  Corne  sufficient  for  the  Inhabitants  of  it.  The  Ground  is 
fruitfull  of  Iron  Mines,  and  divers  Forges  be  there  to  make  Iron. 

Flaxley  Abbey  of  White  Mov.Jces  stood  in  Dene  Forrest  a  5.  or 
6.  Miles  from  Gloucester. 

Mr.  Bainham  dwelleth  at  Westbury  in  the  Forrest  of  Dene  6. 
Miles  from  Gloucester. 

(Leland  then  proceeds  to  describe  Hereford). 

There  is  noe  Bridge  beneath  Hereford  on  Wye,  untill  a  litle 
above  the  Confluence  of  Wye  and  Mone  River ....  There  is  noe 
Bridge  on  Wiye  beneath  Monmouth  to  the  very  Mouth  of  Wye. 
There  was  one  of  Tymbre  at  Chepstowe. 

Vol.  v.,  pp.  1,  2,  5. 

Pinolce  Welle  a  Mile  from  Hayles 

7.  ...        7     „  77         __  Pinoke  Wei   is   counted  ot 

m  radicwus  de  Loteswoule  to  N  anion 

_...  ii.i  sum  for  one  of  the  farthest  of 

Village,  to  Burton,  and  sumwhat  be- 

Tcimisc  Heddes. 
neth  Burton  cummith  into  hit  a  Water 

rising  at  Kensdale  in  Coteswahl,  and   thens  to  Hinchwike,  wher- 

abowt  yt  rennith  undre  the  Grounde  ;  thens  to  Swelle  Village  by 

Stoiv  ;  from  £  tuelle  to  Slawyhter,  and  so  into  Burton  Water. 

Cumming  from  Chiping  Norton  to  Stow  in  the  Wold  abowt  the 
middle  way  is  Adelsthorp  and  Horse  Bridge  by  wher  is  a  limes 
betwixt 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  247 

Market  Toivnes  in  the  Wolde  of  Glocestreshire. 

Stoic  in  the  Wolde  v.  Miles  from  Chipping  Northton  and  vii.  or 
viii.  from  Heyles. 

Camden  a  vii.  Northwest  from  Stow. 

Northlache  a  vii  Miles  from  Stoio  [Towne]1  Southwest  from 
Stow  almost  in  the  Way  from  Stow  to  Cicestre. 

Cicestre. 

Tetbirl 

Cheltnam  a  Mai'ket  Toun  in  the  Vale  [v.]  Miles  from  Hayles 
Abbaye. 

Glocestre  standith  on  a  Brooke  that  goith  into  Severne. 

Fairford,  wher  Mr.  Tame  dwellith,  a  vii.  Miles  from  Korth- 
lage. 

Olney,  alias  Ainey,  about  Deorhirst  in  Glocester-shire.  Dcor- 
hurst  yet  remainith  in  Glocestreshire  as  a  Celle  to  Tweksbiri.  [see 
post.] 

Al  the  way  that  I  rode  betwixt  Heyles  and  Pershore  was  meatly 
here  and  ther  woodid. 

The  Fery  from  Auste  in  Glocestreshire  to  a  Village  on  the  far- 
ther Ripe  of  Severn,  not  far  from  S.  Tereudacus  2  Chapel  yn  the 
mouth  of  Wy  Kyver,  is  a  iii.  Myles  over. 

p.  63,  et  sea. 

Mar.cet  Toivnes  in  Glocestreshire. 
Glocestre. 
Bristoxv. 
Cirecestre. 

Twehsbyri. 

Castelles  in  Glocestreshire. 
Glocestre. 

Sadely  by  Winchelcumbe. 
Cirecestre  had  a  Casfcel  by  likelyhod. 
Bristoiv  Castel. 

Byvers  in  Glocestreshire. 
Severn. 

Avon  touchith  at  Twehsuiri. 
Another  Avon  at  Bristoiv. 

>This  portion  of  Leland's  MSS.  is  much  damaged  by  damp.  The  words 
within  brackets  were  supplied  by  Hearne  from  the  transcript  made  by  Stowe, 
about  24  years  after  the  author's  death. 

8  At  p.  7  the  chapel  is  called  "  S.  Terendalces." 


248  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

Isis  risith  a  iii.  Myles  from  Cireucestre  not  far  from  a  Village 
cawlled  Eemble  within  half  a  Myle  of  the  Fosse  Way,  betwixt 
Circecestre  and  Bath.  Thens  it  runneth  to  Latinelad  a  4.  [6.] 
Myles  of,  and  so  to  Grelcelad  abowt  a  Myle  lower,  sone  after 
receyving  Chum. 

Chume  at  Cicester,  proprie  Chumcestre,  a  hard  by  Chestreton, 
improprie  pro  Chimetown  [Chilnertown].  The  principal  Hedde  of 
Churn  risith  at  Coberle,  where  is  the  Hed  Howse  of  Sir  John 
Bridges.  It  is  a  vii.  Myles  from  Glocestre,  and  a  five  Myles  or 
more  from  Cirecestre  by  the  which  yt  renneth,  and  thens  a  vi. 
Myles  [uno]  infra  Greklad  milliari  yt  goith  into  Isis. 

Wher  as  the  very  Heel  of  Isis  ys  in  a  great  Somer  Drought 
apperith  very  litle  or  no  Water,  yet  is  the  Stream  servid  with 
many  Ofspringes  resorting  to  one  Botom. 

Communely  thorough  al  Glocester shire  there  is  good  Plenty  of 
Corn,  Pasture  and  Wood,  saving  at  Coteswold  wher  the  great 
Flokkes  of  Sheepe  be,  and  yet  in  sum  places  ther  groweth  fair 

Corn. 

[After  some  notes  on  Gloucester,  Bristol  and  Cirencester,  which  will  be 
found  under  those  heads,  Leland  proceeds  : — ] 

Cummyng  from  Glocester  to  Cirecestre  almost  yn  the  Myddle 
Way  betwyxt  wher  the  Wood  fayleth  and  Champayne  Countery 
toward  Coteswold  appereth,  the  faire  old  Way  made  by  the  Britons 
ys  very  evidently  seen,  and  so  goeth  as  stray t  as  a  Line  to  Cireces- 
ter  and  fro  thens  to  Bathe.  But  sum  wold  that  the  Way  from 
Cirecester  to  Bath  should  be  the  very  Fosse,  and  the  way  betwyxt 
Cirecestre  toward  Glocester  to  be  an  other  of  the  iiii.  Wayes  made 
by  the  Britons.  The  Abbat  of  Gircestre  told  me  that  abowt 
Cirecestre  should  be  crosse  meating  of  al  the  iiii.  Wayes. 

At   Litle  Subbiri,  alias   Sodbiri,  in  Glocestreshire  a  xii.  Miles 

from    Bristoio  as  yt  were   by  North  Est  appereth  on  a  Hille  a 

strong  Camp  of  Menne  of  Warre  cloble  dichid.     It  is  usid  now  to 

be  sowen  by  Mr  Walche. 

BRISTOL. 

Bristow  apon  Avon  a  greate  Cite,  well  waulled,  having  a  fair 

Castel.     In  yt  is  now,  as  I  remembre,  xviii.  Paroche   Chirches. 

S.  Augustines,  Blak  Chanons  extra  mcenia;  ibique  in  magna  area 


Leland  ix  Gloucestershire.  249 

sacellivm,  in  quo  sepultus  est  S.  Jordanus,  unus  ex  discipulis  Augus- 
tini  Angloruni  apostoli.  A  Howse  withowt  the  Waulles,  as  I 
remembre,  cawlled  the  Gauntes  otherwise  Bonhommes.  [iiii]  Howses 
of  Freres,  of  the  wiche  the  White  Freres  Places  ys  very  fair. 
Avon  Ryver  abowt  a  Quarter  of  a  Myle  beneth  the  Towne  in  a 
Medow  casteth  up  a  great  Arme  or  Gut  by  the  which  the  greater 
Vessels  as  raiayne  toppe  Shippes  cum  up  to  the  Towne.  So  that 
Avon  do Ih  peninsulate  the  Towne,  and  Vessels  may  cum  of  [bothe] 
Sides  of  yt.  I  marked  not  wel  whither  ther  cam  any  fresch  Water 
from  the  Land  to  bete  that  Arme. 

Avon  goith  into  Severn  at  Kynges  Rode  iii.  [Myles]  beneth 
[Bristoui]  by  Land,  and  [vi.]  by  Water. 

In  the  Hilles  about  Bristow  [Towne  be]  found  litle  Stones  [of 
divers  Colours  counterfetynge  precious]  Stones. 

[In  what  appears  to  have  been  another  journey  from  Bath  to  Bristol,  Vol. 
vii.,  p.  88,  Leland  writes  : — ] 

A  litle  above  Bitton  I  passyd  over  a  Brooke  that  at  hand  semid 
to  come  from  the  Northe  and  to  go  into  Avon  by  Southe. 

Ther  was  a  Bridge  of  3.  Arches  of  Stone  ovar  this  litle  Broke. 

Thens  to  Hanham  a  bout  2.  Miles. 

There  be  dy  vers  Villages  togethar  caullyd  Hanhams,  but  withe 

a  Difference.     At  this  Hanham  dwellythe  one  Ser  John  Newton  in 

a  fayre  olde  Mannar  Place  of  Stone  caullyd  Barrescourte. 

[Leland  records  various  "  thyngs  lernyd  of  Ser  John  Newton,"  but  they 

relate  wholly  to  Somerset,] 

The  Forest  of  Kyngs  Wodd  cummythe  just  onto  Barres-courte, 
Mastar  Newton's  Howse. 

[Antiqui  limites  Forests  de  Kinggeswod. 

Furcce  de  Bristolle.  Hunteforde  prope  Kinggeswood  monaster. 
Aqua   de  Severna.     Le  Rugwey  super  cilium  montis  de  Sobbery 

a 

sicut  se  extend/it  de  Lontedone  usque  ad  aquam  de  Alreleg. 

Al  the  Wodde  in  the  great  Valley  bytwene  Sobbyri  and 
Kingeswood  was  caullid  Honvoode.  Vol.  vi.,  p.  72.] 

From  Barrescourte  onto  Bristoiv  a  3.  Myles  by  Hilly  and  Stony 
Ground  withe  Feren  ovar  growne  in  dyvers  Placis. 


250  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

1  he  Site  of  Brightestow. 

The  Castle  and  moste  parte  of  the  Towne  by  North e  stondithe 
apon  a  Grownd  metely  eminent  betwyxt  the  By  vers  of  Avon  and 
Fraw,  alias  Frame. 

There  rysethe  an  Hill  of  an  notable  Highte  in  respecte  of  the 
Plote  of  the  Towne  selfe  from  Fromebridge  on  so  goythe  up  alonge 
onto  Seint  Austins,  alias  the  Trinitie,  the  Cathedrall  Churche,  and 

there  endithe. 

Gates  in  the  Waulls  q/"Brightstow. 

There  be  in  sum  Partes  of  the  Towne  doble  Waulls,  a  Token 

that  the  Towne  hathe  been  augmentyd. 

Newgate  (as  me  thinkythe)  is  in  the  utar  Waull  by  the  Castle, 
and  a  Chapelle  over  it.     It  is  the  Prison  of  the  Citie. 

S.  John  Gate.  A  Churche  of  eche  syde  of  it.  S.  John  Churche. 
It  is  hard  on  the  Northe  Syd  of  it,  and  there  be  Cryptce. 

S.  Gils  Gate  be  Southe  West  of  the  Key  where  Frome  renithe. 

S.  Leonard's  Gate  and  a  Paroche  Churche  ovar  it. 

S.  Nicholas  Gate  where  is  a  Churchemm  cryptis. 

There  [These  1]  be  the  inner  Gates  of  the  old  Towne  cis  Sabri- 
nam  as  the  Towne  standithe  in  dextra  ripa  defluentis  Avonse. 

In  the  utter  Waulls.  Pety  Gate.  From  Gate  in  the  uttar 
Waulls.     Marsche  Gate  a  reqione  Avonce.    The  third  is  callyd 

In  the  Waulle  ultra  pontem  fy  Avonam  be  2.  Gates.  Radde- 
clif  Gate  and  Temple  Gate ;  and  a  greate  Towre  caullyd  Toiver 
harry  s,  at  the  very  Ende  of  the  Waulle  in  ipsa  ripa  Avonam  e 
regione  pontis  ad  arcem  supra  Frai  brachiolum. 

The  Castle  of  Brightestow. 
The  Ryver  of  Frome  ran  sumtyme  from  the  Were  by  the 
Castle,  where  now  is  a  Stone  Bridge  doune  by  the  Este  Syde  of 
it ;  and  so  doithe  yet  a  litle  Armelet  of  it  brekynge  out,  and 
almoste  the  hole  Streme  goithe  by  the  Northe  Syde  of  the  Castle, 
and  there  goithe  by  New  Gate  under  an  Arche. 

In  the  Castle  be  2.  Cowrtes.  In  the  utter  Courte,  as  in  the 
Northe  West  Parte  of  it,  is  a  great  Dungeon  Tower,  made,  as  is 
sayde,  of  Stone  browght  out  of  Cane  in  Normandye  by  the  redde 
Erie  of  Glocestar. 


Lelaxd  ix  Gloucestershire.  251 

A  praty  Churche  and  muche  Logging  in  2.  area.  On  the 
Sou  the  Syde  of  it  a  great  Gate,  a  Stone  Bridge,  and  3.  Bullewarks 
in  lava  ripa  ad  ostium  Frai. 

There  be  many  Towres  yet  standynge  in  bothe  the  Cowrtes ; 
but  all  tendithe  to  ruine. 

Paroche  Church's  within  the  Waulls  of  Brightstowe 
cis  Avonam. 

S.  Nicholas ;   S.   Leonard ;   S.   Lavrence ;   S.  John  Papt.   (sic) 

Christe    Churche,  alias     Trinitie ;    S.  Audoene ;  S.  Werborow ;    Al 

Haloices ;  S.  Marie  Porte;    S.  Peter's;  S.  Stephane  intra  secunda 

mamia. 

Ultra  Avonam. 
S.  Thomas  apostolus. 

Templum.     Wher  as  now  S.  Lawrence  Churche  it  was  sume- 

tyme  a  Churche,  as  it  is  sayde,  S.  Sep>ulchri,  where  was  a  Kunry. 

And  thereby   in  the   same  Lane  dwellyd    the  Jewes,  and   theyr 

Temple,  or  Sinagoge,  is  yet  sene  there,  and  now  is  a  Ware  Howse. 

Paroche  Churches  in  the  Suburbs. 

S.  Philippics  within  cis  Avonam  Ford's  Gate  (sic)  now  procul  ab 
Avona. 

S.  Jacobiis  by  Brodemede  Strete. 

S.  Nicholas  (sic)  Northe  from  Frome  Gate  in  supercilio  montis. 

S.  Angtistines  a  Paroche  Churche  on  the  Grene  by  the  Cathe- 
drale  Churche. 

The  Paroche  Churche  of  Seint  Marks  in  the  Gaunts. 

Ultra  Avonam. 

Peddiffe  longe  pulcherr.  omnium  ecclesia. 

Howses  sumtyme  of  Eeligion  in  Bristow. 

Fanum  Augustini,  nunc  S.  Trinitatis.  luscriptio  in  porta-.  Pex 
Henricus  2.  ^  dominus  Robertus  ^j/ms  Hardingi,  filii  regis  Dacise, 
hujus  Monaster!)'  primi  fundatores. 

Ther  be  3.  Tombes  of  the  Barhleyes  in  the  Southe  Isle  agayne 

the  Quiere. 

Fanum  S.  Jacobi. 

It  standithe  by  Brode  Meade  by  Northe  from  the  Castle  on  an 

Hilly  Grownd,  and  the  Ruines  of  it  standithe  hard  buttynge  to 

the  Este  Ende  of  the  Paroche  Churche. 


252  Transactions  foe  the  Year  1889-90. 

Robertus  consul  Cownte  of  Glocestarshire  buryed  in  the  Quiere 
in  the  Mycldle  of  it  in  a  Sepulchre  of  Gray  Marble  set  up  apon  6. 
Pillers  of  a  smaull  Hethe.  In  his  Tuinbe  was  found  a  Writynge  in 
Parchement  concernynge  the  tyme  of  his  Deathe,  and  what  he 
was.     A  Brewer  in  Bristow  hathe  this  Writynge. 

This  S.  James  was  a  Celle  to  Twekesberye. 

Non  longe  a  dextra  ripa  Frai. 

S  Magdalene's  a  Howse  of  Nunes,  suppressyd.  on  the  Northe 
Syde  of  the  Towne.  This  Howse  was  suppressyd  of  late  tymes, 
when  suche  as  were  under  300.  Marks  of  Rent  by  the  Yere  were 
putte  downe.     Master  Wiks  dwellythe  in  this  Howse. 

The  Gaunts. 

One  Henry  Gawnt  a  Knight  sometyme  dwellynge  not  far  from 
Brandon  Hill  by  Brightstow  erectyd  a  College  of  Pristes  withe  a 
Mastar  on  the  Grene  by  Seint  Augustines.  And  sone  aftar  he 
chaungyd  the  first  Foundation  into  a  certeyne  kynde  of  Religion, 
and  was  Governowr  of  the  Howse  hymselfe,  and  lyethe  buried  in 
the  Vesturye  undar  a  flate  Stone.  This  had  at  the  Desolucion 
of  the  Howse  300.  Marks  of  Land  by  the  Yere.  This  Henry  had 
a  Brothar  cawlyd  Ser  Mawryce  Gaivnte.  He  was  Foundar  of  the 
Blake  Friers  in  Brightstow. 

Hospitales  in  ru  (ruin  ?) 

Fanum  Barptholomaei. 

Fanum   3m   regum   juxta    Barptolomeanes   extra    Fromegate. 

Aliud  non  procul  in  dextra  ripa  Frai  qua  iiur  ad  fanum 
Jacobi  in  Lionsmede  Strete. 

One  in  Temple  Strete. 

An  othar  withe  out  Temple  Gate. 

An  othar  by  Seint  Thomas  Strete. 

S.  John's  by  Radeclife. 

An  Hospitall  S.  Trinitatis  hard  within  Lasford's  Gate. 

The  Tukkers  Hospitall  in  Temple. 

The  We  vers  Hospitall  in  Temple  Strete. 

Ther  was  an  Hospitall  of  old  tyme  whereof  late  a  Nunrye  was 
caullyd  S.  Margaret's. 

The  Grey  Friers  Howse  was  on  the  right  Ripe  of  From  Watar 
not  far  from  Seint  Barptolomes  Hospitall. 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  253 

The  Black  Friers  stode  a  litle  highar  then  the  Grey  on  From 
in  the  right  Ripe  of  it.  Ser  Maurice  Gaunt,  elder  Brothar  to  Ser 
Henry  Gaunt,  Foundar  of  the  Gauuts,  was  Foundar  of  this. 

The  White  Friers  stode  on  the  right  Pype  of  Frome  agayn  the 
Key. 

The  Augustine  Friers  Howse  was  harde  by  the  Temple  Gate 
withein  it  Northe  Weste. 

Chapels  in  and  aboute  Brightstow  cis  Avon. 

The  Bake  Chapell  by  cawse  it  stoode  by  the  Bake  by  Avon.  It 
longethe  onto  Seint  Nicholas. 

S.  Georgis  Chapell  joyning  to  the  Towne  Howse. 

A  Chapell  ovar  the  New  Gate. 

Owr  Lady  Chapell  on  Avon  Bridge. 

S.  Sprites  Chapell  in  Radclef  Churche  Yard.  This  ons  a 
Paroche  afore  the  Buyldinge  of  Radclyfe  grete  new  Churche. 

S.  Brandon 's  Chapell,  now  defacyd,  on  Brandon  Hill  a  Qwartar 
of  a  Myle  by  West  the  Gaunts. 

Bedemister  a  Mile  out  of  the  Towne  by  Est  South  Este  is 
now  Mother  Churche  to  Radeclife,  to  8.  Thomas  within  the  Towne, 
and  Leighe  without  the  Towne. 

Bridges  in  Bristow. 

The  Create  Bridge  of  i.  Stone  Arches  ovar  Avon. 

Were  Bridge  on  From  hard  by  the  Northe  Est  Parte  of  the 
Castle  of  Bristowe. 

There  brekythe  an  Anne  out  of  Frome  a  But  Shot  above  Were 
Bridge,  and  renithe  thrwghe  a  Stone  Bridge  of  one  Great  Arche, 
and  there  by  at  New  Gate  the  othar  Parte  of  From  reninge  from 
Were  Bridge  cummithe  undar  a  nothar  Stone,  and  serving  the 
Mille  hard  without  New  Gate  metithe  with  the  othar  Arnie. 

The  Haven  of  Brightstow. 
The  Haven  by  Avon  flowithe  about  a  2.  Miles  above  Bright- 

stoive  Bridge. 

Seint  Anns  Ferye  is  a  bout  Myle  and  halfe  above  the  Towne  of 
Brightstowe. 

The  Shipps  of  olde  tyine  cam  only  by  Avon  to  a  Place  caullyd 
tlie  Bek,  where  was  and  is  Depthe  enowghe  of  Watar ;  but  the 

Vol.  XIV  s 


254  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

Botom  is  very  stony  and  rughe  sens  by  Polecye  they  trenchid 
soniwhat  a  lofe  by  Northe  West  of  the  old  Key  on  Avon  anno 
1247.  and  in  continuance  brynginge  the  Cowrse  of  From  Byver 
that  way  hathe  made  softe  and  whosy  Harborow  for  grete  Shipps. 

Hunge  Rode  aboute  a  3.  Miles  lower  in  the  Haven  then 
Brightstow.     At  this  Rode  be  some  Howsys  in  dextra  Avon  ripa. 

About  a  Myle  lowere  is  Kyng's  Mode,  and  there  be  also  some 
Howses  in  dextra  ripa  Avonre 

Ther  is  a  Place  almoste  agayne  Hung  Rode  caulyd  Portchestar, 
where  Hardynge  and  Robert  his  Sunne  had  a  fayre  Howse,  and  a 
nothar  in  Brightstow  Towne. 

Sum  thinke  that  a  great  Pece  of  the  Depenes  of  the  Haven 
from  S.  Vincents  to  Hung  Rode  hathe  be  made  by  Hand.  Sum 
say  that  Shipps  of  very  auncient  tyme  cam  up  to  S.  Stepkanes 
Churche  in  Brightstow. 

A  Remembraunce  of  memorable  Acts  done  in  Brightstow,  out 
of  a  litle  Boke  of  the  Antiquities  of  the  Howse  of  Calendaries  in 
Brightstow. 

The  Antiquities  of  the  Calendaries  were  for  the  moste  parte 
brent  by  chaunce. 

The  Calendaries,  otharwyse  cawlyd  the  Gilde,  or  Fraternite  of 
the  Clergie  and  Comonaltye  of  Brightstow,  and  it  was  firste  kepte 
in  the  Churche  of  the  Trinitie,  sens  at  Al  Halows. 

The  Originall  of  this  Fratemitie  is  out  of  mynd. 

Ailarde  Mean  and  Bitrick  his  Sunne  Lords  of  Brightestow  afore 

the  Conqueste. 

Haymon  Erie  of  Glocestar  aftar  the  Conquest  and  Lorde  of 
Brightstow. 

Robertus  consul,  Sunne  to  Hamon,  was'  Erie  of  Glocestar,  and 
Lorde  of  Brightstow, and  Foundar  of  the  Monasterye  of  Tewkes- 
byry. 

Robertus  consul  Lorde  of  Brightstow  Castle,  and  Foundar  of 
S.  James  Priorie  in  the  Northe  Suburbe  of  Brightstow,. 

Kynge  Stephan  toke  the  Towne  of  Brightstow  by  force  from 
Robertus  consul. 

In  the  tyme  of  Kynge  Henry  the  2.  Robert  Erie  of  Glocestar 
(Bastard  Sunn  to  Henry  the  First)  and  Robert  Hardiuge  translated 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  255 

the  Fraternitie  of_  the  Calendaries  from  the  Trinitie  onto  the 
Churche  of  Al-Eallows.  At  this  tyme  were  Scholes  ordeyned  in 
Brightstow  by  them  for  the  Conversion  of  the  Jewes,  and  put  in 
the  Ordre  of  the  Calenderis  and  the  Maior. 

Hardinge  foundyd  the  Monastery e  of  S.  Augustine  at  Bright- 
stow, and  to  it  was  appropriate  the  Churche  of  Al-Hallows. 

Swalo  Cardinale  a  Romaine  Legate  after  the  Coranation  of 
Henry  the  third  at  Glocester  cam  to  Brightstow,  and  kept  a  Synode 
there  tempore  Henrici  Blesensis  episcopi  Wigorn. 

William  Erie  of  Glocestar,  Founder  of  the  Monasterye  of 
Cainesham,  gave  the  Praefecture  and  Mastarshipe  of  the  Schole 
in  Brightstow  to  Cainesham,  and  tooke  it  from  the  Calendaries. 

Conducts  in  Bristow  cis  ptontem. 
S.  Johrfs  hard  by  S.  John's  Gate. 
The  Key  Pipe,  with  a  very  fair  Castellet. 
Al-Haloio  Pipe  hard  by  the  Calendaries  without  a  Castelle. 
S.  Nicholas  Pipe  withe  a  Castellet. 

Ultra  pontem. 

Redclif  Pipe  with  a  Castlet  hard  by  Redclife  Churche  withe 
out  the  Gate. 

An  othar  Pipe  withe  owte  Radclif  Gate  havinge  no  Castelle. 

Another  by  Porte  Waulle  withoute  the  Waulle. 

Porte  Waulle  is  the  fairest  Parte  of  the  Towne  Waulle. 

The  sayinge  is  that  certein  Bochers  made  a  fair  Peace  of  this 
Waull ;  and  it  is  the  highest  and  strongest  Peace  of  all  the  Towne 
Waulls. 

The  Yere  of  owr  Lorde  1247.  was  the  Trenche  made  and  cast 
of  the  Ryver  from  the  Gybbe  Taylor  to  the  Key  by  the  Comonlty 
as  well  of  Redclife  Syde,  as  of  the  Towne  of  Bristoll ;  and  the 
same  tyme  thinhabitants  of  Redclife  were  combined  and  incoi'- 
peratyd  to  the  forsayde  Towne.  And  as  for  the  Grouncle  of  Saynt 
Augustins  Syde  of  the  Rivar  it  was  geven  and  graunted  to  the 
Comonalty  of  the  sayde  Towne  by  Ser  William  Bradstone  then 
beinge  Abbot  of  the  same  Monastiry  for  certeyne  Money  therfore 
payed  to  hym  by  the  Comonaltye,  as  it  apperithe  by  Writynge 

s  2 


256  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

therof  made  betwinge  the  Mayor  and  Comonalty,  and  the  Abbot 
and  his  Bretherne.1 

1221.     This  Yere  came  the  Frere  Prechers  first  into  England. 

1225.  This  Yere  on  Saynt  Boreheus  [Bartholomew's]  Day  the 
Frere  Mynors  came  first  into  the  Realme.  Also  a  Man  of  Adder- 
lay  fayned  hymselfe  Christ,  whiche  was  brought  to  Oxford,  and 
ther  crucified. 

This  Yere  beganne  first  the  Order  of  the  Augustine  Friers  in 
England. 

The  Jew  at  Tewxbery.  (sic) 

1309.  This  Yere  they  made  new  Statuts  in  this  Towne,  and 
they  called  the  Senesters  Baylifies  of  the  Kings,  and  they  pur- 
chased new  Ground  to  the  Towne,  and  had  new  Prevylegis  gyven 
them  of  Kynge  Edwarde. 

The  Almese  Howse  without  Temple  Yate  is  called  Rogers 
Magdalens  of  Nonuey  whiche  was  Founder  of  it.  And  the  Almese 
Howse  by  Seynt  Thomas  Churche  is  called  Burton's  Alines  Howse. 
Burton  Maior  of  the  Towne  and  Founder  is  buried  in  it. 

A  nother  Hospitall  hard  by  the  Greye  Fryers: 

And  in  Temple  Streate. 

One  Shepward  a  Marchaunt  of  Bristow  made  the  right  highe 
and  costly  Towre  of  S.  Stephenes  in  Brightstow. 


From  Brightstow  to  Stoke  levinge  it  on  the  lifte  Hand  a  3. 
Mils  or  more  by  Grownd  Wooddy  and  Forest,  as  of  Kingeswod. 
There  is  a  Manor  Place  of  the  Barkeleys  in  Ruine,  and  a  Parke 
Waulle.     Barkeley  of  the  Courte  is  now  Owner  of  it. 

From  thens  by  muche  Forest  and  parteley  bareinge  Grownd  a 
2.  Mils  to  Magngots  Filde  Village  be  lyke  Ground.  Here  I  saw 
an  olde  Maner  Place  sumtyme  longginge  to  the  Blunts.  Syns 
Ilusey  had  it  be  bying  for  his  Sune  the  Heire  Generale.  Then  it 
came  to  the  Barkeleys  by  Purchace  or  Exchaunge. 

\_Mogatesfelde,  alias  Magnusfelde,  a  smaul   Lordeship.     It  was 

ons  withowte  fayle  a  Nunnery.     Parte  of  the  Oloyster  standithe 

yet.      It  is  now  the  Lord    Barkeleys.  vol.  vi.  p.  72] 

1  This  paragraph  was  copied  by  Leland  from  the  Mayor's  Kalendar,  but 
he  has  mistaken  the  date.  "  H.  tercio  xxiiij  "  of  the  original  was,  accord- 
ing to  civic  reckoning,  1240-1.  All  the  dates  which  follow  are  more  or  less 
incorrect.     Where  the  author  obtained  them  docs  not  appear. 


Lelaxd  ix  Gloucestershire.  257 

A  Mile  farther  by  very  Champaine,  fruteful  of  Come  and 
Grasse,  but  somewhat  scarce  of  Woode,  to  Coderinyton  levinge  it 
by  halfe  a  Mile  on  the  lyfte  Hand.  There  dwellyd  a  late  at 
Coderinyton  a  Gentleman  of  that  Name. 

From  Coderinyton  to  Derham  a  Mile  and  halfe  of,  where 
Mastar  Dionise  dwellithe  havinge  a  fair  Howse  of  Achelei  Stones 
and  a  Parke. 

Thens  a  2.  Mils  and  halfe  to  Dodinyton,  where  Mastar  Wykes 
dwellythe  and  hathe  welle  restorid  his  Howse  with  fayre  Buildings. 
This  Maner  Place  and  Land  longyd  onto  Barkels.  It  was  pur- 
chasyd,  and  now  remaynithe  to  Wiks. 

Vol.  vi.  p.  72. 

[After  stating  {v.  sup.)  that  part  of  Dursley  castle  was  brought  to  make  the 
new  house  at  Doddington,  Leland  adds  : — ] 

The  olde  Place  of  Dodinyton  withyn  the  Mote  by  the  new. 

A  Glasse  with  Bones  yn  a  Sepulchre  found  by  Dodinyton 
Chirch  yn  the  High  Way.  Pottes  exceding  finely  nelyd  and 
florishid  in  the  Romanes  tymes  diggid  out  of  the  Groundes  in  the 
Feldes  of  Dodinyton. 

A  Yerthen  Pott  with  Romayne  Coynes  found  in  Dodinyton 
Felde. 

Dodinyton  longgid  to  the  BarkeJeys. 

Vol.  vii.  p.  96. 
SODBURY. 
Master    WaJche  dwellithe  at    Litle  Sobbyrye  a        Mils    from 
Dodinyton.     Thereby  is  a   faire   and  large  Campe  with  a  doble 

Dyke. 

[Gilberte  by  Camallat  maried  one  of  Mr.  Wcdsches  Doughters. 

Caines  Heire  of  Devonshire  a  Man  of  aboute  300.  Markes  of 
Lande  maried  a  nother. 

Clifordes  Sun  and  Heire  maried  a  nother.     Vol.  vi.  p.  73.] 

It  apperithe  by  Record  in  Malmesbyri  that  Malmesbyry  was 
rewardyd  for  Service  done  in  Battayle  afore  the  Conquest  at 
Sodbyry  Hill. 

An  othar  Campe  at     orton  but  lesse. 

The  third  by  Derham  Mastar  Dionise  Howse,  and  all  towchinge 
on  one  Hilly  Creaste. 


258  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

The  4.  at  Beketbyri  a  Mile  and  halfe  frorne  Alchrley. 

Walche  is  Lord  of  Litle  Sodbyri,  and  hath  a  fayr  Place  there 
in  the  Syde  of  Sodbyry  high  Hill  and  a  Parke. 

Okie  Sodbyri  is  a  Mile  from  it,  and  there  appere  Ruines  of  an 
olde  Maner  Place  longynge  as  the  Towne  dyd  to  the  Erie  of  War- 
wike,  now  to  the  Kynge.  To  the  Erles  of  Warwike  logged  (sic) 
alias  Chej.inge  Sodbyry,  a  praty  litle  Market  Towne  and  Thrwghe 
Fayre  to  Brightstoiv.  There  is  a  Parke  of  the  Kyngs  by  this 
Towne,  sumtyme  the  Wanciks.  Litle  Wood  in  full  Light  nigh 
the  Sowthe  Partes  of  the  Campaine  Soile  aboute  Sodbyry.  Ther 
is  a  great  Plentye  by  Southe  Sodbyri  of  Wood  in  a  large  Valey 
sumtyme  thens  clerely  to  Severn,  lyinge  in  the  Forest  of  Kyngs- 
Wood.  The  crests  of  the  Hilles  that  ly  by  Subbyri  croketh  one 
way  to  Glocester. 

From  Chepinge  Sobbyry  onto  Alder  shy  a  clothinge  Village, 
where  Mastar  John  Poynts  dwellith  beyng  Lord  of  it.  The 
Chanseys  were  sumtyme  Lords  of  it,  as  in  Edward  the  third  Dayes. 

Kingeswodd  stondithe  low  a  good  Mile  from  Alder sley. 

The  Ground  betwixt  enclosyd  and  metely  welle  woddyd.  Some 
Clothyars  in  it.  els  a  litle  and  a  bare  Village. 

Stones  clerly  fascioned  lyke  Cokills,  and  myghty  Shells  of 
great  Oysters,  turned  in  to  Stones  founde  in  parte  of  the  Hills 
Este  South  Este  off  to  Alderley. 

The  Course  of  Acton  River. 

This  Brooke  of  sum  is  caullid  Loden,  but  communely  Laden, 
and  risith  above  Dodivgton,  where  Mastar  Wiks  Howse  is,  and  so 
to  Acton,  Mastar  Voyntez  House  a  4.  Myles  of,  and  then  toward 
Brightstoiv  takynge  the  Name  of  Frome. 

There  meate  2.  Waters  halfe  a  Myle  by  nethe  Acton  at  a 
Mylle. 

Sobbyri  Water  cummithe  from  the  Hills  therby  &  re  (sic.) 

The  Water  by  Alderley  is  in  Evidence  caullyd  Avon,  and  goithe 

to  Barkeley. 

WOTTON-UNDER-EDGE. 

From  Kyngs  Woode  to  Wotton  a  praty  Market  Towne,  welle 

occupyed  withe  Clothiars  havynge  one  faire  longe  Strete  and  welle 

buyldyd  in  it ;  and  it  stondithe  cly  vinge  toward  the  Rotes  of  an 

Hill. 


LELAXlJ   IX   GLOUCESTERSHIRE.  259 

There  be  Ruines  of  an  olde  Maner  Place  at  Wottcm  by  the 
Paroche  Churche.  It  longgyd  cms  to  the  Berkeley s,  and  aftar  onto 
the  Lords  Lisles.  Syns  forceable  recovery d  of  the  Lord  Berkeley 
ther  by  sleinge  the  Lorde  Lisle. 

[There  hath  been  a  very  great  Campe  of  Menne  of  Warre  on 
an  Hille  now  caullyd  NeUey  over  growen  with  Wodde  aboute  the 
my  die  Way  betwixt  Wotton  Underege  and  Dersley  but  nerer  to 
Wotton.  The  Lord  Lisle  was  slayn  with  an  Arow  by  one  James 
Hiatte  of  the  Forest  of  Beene  yn  Nebley  Paroch. 

Ther  were  Nunnes  at  Boxivel  2.  Miles  by  Est  from  Wotton 
Underedge,  destroied,  as  sum  say,  by  the  Danes.  It  longid  now  to 
the  Abbay  of  Glocester.  Vol.  vi.  pp.  73-4.] 

DURSLEY. 

Thens  a  2.  Myles  and  more  by  very  hilly  and  woddy  Ground 

to   Doursley,  where  is  a  praty  Clothinge  Towne   stondinge  on  a 

Pece  of  the  Clyvinge  of  a  Hill,  privilegid  a  9.  Yers  sens  with  a 

Market.     There  is  in  the  Towne  selfe  a  goodly  Springe,  and  is  as 

the  principall  Hedd  of  the  Broke  servynge  the  Tukkyng  Miles 

about  the  Towne.     This  Watar  resortythe  into  Severne  that  is  a 

bout  a  4.  Myles  of  towchinge  by  the  Way  sume  other  Vilagis. 

This  Towne  had  a  Castle  in  it  sumtyme  longinge  to  the  Berkeley s, 

syns  to  the  Wiks,  sens  fell  to  Decay,  and  is  cleane  taken  downe. 

It  had  a  metly  good  Dyche  about  it,  and  was  for  the  moste  parte 

made  of  towfe   Stone  full  of  Pores   and  Holes   lyke  a  Pumice. 

There  is  a  Quary  of  this  Stone  about  Dursley.     Yt  will  last  very 

longe. 

[In  some  desultory  notes,  vol.  vi.  p.  12,  are  the  following  : — 

Rogerus  Berkeley  de  Drisilega  Sunne  maried  with  the  Doughter 
of  Maurice  [son  of  Robert  Fitzhardinge  ] 

Drisilega,  alias  Dereslega,     It  was  ons  in  the  Foreste. 

Part  of  Driselege  Castel  brought  to  make  the  newr  House  of 
Dodington.  A  Quarre  of  Tophe  Stone  by  Driselege,  whereof  much 
of  the  Castelle  was  buildidj. 

From  Doursley  to  Torteworthe  Vyllage,  wher  be  some  good 
Clothiars.  There  rennithe  a  Broke.  1  take  it  to  be  the  Brooke 
that  cummythe  from  Dursley,  and  that  thens  it  goithe  to  Berkley 
a  3.  Miles  lower.  There  is  by  the  Paroche  Churche  of  Tortivorth 
a  Maner  Place,  where  Mastar  Throgmerton  dwellythe. 


260  TRANSACTION'S   FOR  THF.   YEAR   1889-90. 

From  Torteworthe  to  Wilts  Watar  a  pratye  clothinge  Tounlet 
2.  Myles.     The  Lorcle  Delaware  is  chefe  Lorde  of  it. 

Thens  moste  by  Champaine  Ground  a  4.  Myles  on  to  Sodbery 
Market  that  longyd  withe  the  Village  and  the  Maner  Place  of 
Olde  Sodbyrye  onto  the  Erles  of  Warwike. 

From  Sodbery  to  Tormerton  Village  where  Ser  Edward  Wade- 
ham  dwellythe. 

Thens  about  a  4.  Myles  by  playne  Grownde  onto  Maschefeld. 
This  Lordshipe  longyd  to  the  Canons  of  Cainesham. 

Thens  a  4.  Myles  farthar  I  passyd  by  Hilly  Grownde,  and  went 
ovar  a  Stone  Bridge,  under  the  whiche  ran  a  Broke  that  a  litle 
lower  went  in  sight  into  Avon  Byver  by  the  right  Ripe  of  it. 

Thens  by  Hilly,  Stony  and  Wooddy  Ground  a  3.  Miles  onto 
Bradeford  on  the  right  Ripe  of  Avon. 

[Some  Wilts  and  Somerset  notes  follow.] 

From  Bathe  to  Tormerton  8  Mils  all  moste  all  by  Champain 
Ground. 

Tormerton  was  the  l)e  la  Rivers  Lands,  sins  it  descendid  to 
S.  Loes.  Olde  Wadeham  hath  it  by  Mariage  of  one  of  the  Ladyes 
S.  Clo  (sic)  for  his  lyfe  tyme,  the  whiche  was  the  last  De  la 
Rivers  Doughtar. 

There  lyeth  buryed  in  the  Body  of  the  Paroche  Churche  of 
Ihormerton  one  t'etrine  De  la  Ryvers  with  a  French e  Epitaphie. 
He  was  owner  of  the  Lordshype  of  Tormerton. 

From  Thormerton  to  Sudbyry  2.  Myles. 

From  thens  to  Acton  3.  Myles  by  Woddy  Grounde. 

Dereham  Village  is  a  2.  Mils  from  Tormerton.  There  is  a  fayre 
Maner  Place  longginge  to  Mastar  Dionyse.  The  Lordeshipe  of 
auncient  tyme  longyd  to  the  Russels.  One  John  Russell  and  Eliza- 
bcthe  his  Wyfe  lyethe  there  buryed  in  the  Paroche  Churche  ;  but 
they  had  but  a  meane  Howse  there.  From  them  it  cam  by 
Heyre  Generall  onto  the  Dionisies,  of  whom  one  Gilbert  Dionise 
was  countyd  as  one  of  one  (sic)  of  first  that  there  possessyd.  Then 
cam  Maurice,  and  he  there  buildyd  a  new  Courte.  And  Ser  Guliam 
Dionise  buildyd  a  nother  Courte  of  late  yeres. 

The  Dionysies  hathe  here  a  fayre  Parke,  and  also  a  fayre 
Lordshipe  and  a  praty  Howse  a  2.  Myles  from  Dereham  at  Siseton, 


Lelanp  in  CtLottof.stf.rshtre.  261 

and  a  nothar  Manor  and  Place  cawlyd  Alnestone  a  2.  Myles  from 
Thornebyry. 

Alverstone  at  the  Deforestinge  of  the  old  Foreste  of  Ky>iges- 
ivood  was  the  Kyngs. 

From  Tormerton  onto  Acton  5.  Myles,  2  Myles  by  Champaine, 
and  3.  by  enclosyd  Ground. 

Acton  Mannor  Place  standithe  about  a  Quarter  of  a  Myle  from 
the  Village  and  Paroche  Churche  in  a  playne  Grounde  on  a  redde 
Sandy  Soyle.  There  is  a  goodly  Howse  and  2.  Parks  by  the 
Howse,  one  of  Redd  Dere,  an  othar  of  Fallow. 

The  Erles  of  Heriford  were  once  Lords  of  Acton  Lordshipe. 

From  Acton  to  Thome  (sic)  a  3.  Myles  or  more  by  enclosyd 
Ground  and  well  wooddyd. 

THORNBURY. 

The  Towne  selfe  of  Thornebyry  is  set  almoste  apon  an  eqwalle 
Grounde,  beinge  large  to  the  Proporcion  of  the  Letter  Y,  havinge 
first  one  longe  Strete  and  two  Hornnes  goynge  owt  of  it.  The 
Lengthe  of  the  Strete  lyethe  almoste  from  Northe  to  Sowthe.  The 
right  Home  of  it  lyethe  towards  the  Weste,  the  othar  towarde 
the  Sowthe.  There  is  a  Market  kepte  Wekely  in  the  Towne.  And 
there  is  a  Mayre  and  Privileges. 

The  Paroche  Churche  is  in  the  Northe  End  of  the  Towne,  a 
fayre  Pece  of  Worke.  Whereof  the  hole  savinge  the  Chaunsell 
hathe  be  buildyd  in  hominum  memoria. 

There  hathe  bene  good  Clothing  in  Thornebyry,  but  now 
Idelnes  muche  reynithe  there. 

There  was  of  aunciente  tyme  a  Maner  Place,  but  of  no  great 
Estimacion,  hard  by  the  Northe  syde  of  the  Paroche  Churche. 

Edward  late  Duke  of  Bukkyngeham  likynge  the  Soyle  aboute, 
and  the  Site  of  the  Howse,  pullyd  downe  a  greate  Parte  of  the 
olde  Howse,  and  sette  up  magnificently  in  good  squared  Stone  the 
Southe  Syde  of  it,  and  aecomplishyd  the  West  Parte  also  withe  a 
right  comely  Gate-Howse  to  the  first  Soyle  ;  and  so  it  stondithe 
yet  withe  a  Rofe  forced  for  a  tyme. 

This  Inscription  on  the  Fronte  of  the  Gate  Howse  :  This  Gate 
ioos  beyon  in  the  Yere  of  owr  horde  God  1511.  the  2.  Yere  of  the 
Reigne  of  Kynye  Henry  the  viii.  by  me  Edward  Duke  of  Bukkyng- 
ham,  Erie  of  Hereford,  Staforde  and  Northampton. 


26-2  Transactions  foe  the  Year  1S89-90. 

The  Dukes  Worde  : 
Dorene  savant. 

The  Foundation  of  a  very  spacious  Base  Courte  was  there 
begon,  and  certeyne  Gates,  and  Towres  in  it  Castelle  lyke.  It  is 
of  a  iiii.  or  v.  Yardes  highe,  and  so  remaynithe  a  Token  of  a  noble 
Peace  of  Worke  purposid. 

There  was  a  Galery  of  Tymbre  in  the  Bake  Syde  of  the  House 
joyning  to  the  Northe  Syde  of  the  Paroche  Churche. 

Edward  Duke  of  Bukkyngham  made  a  fayre  Parke  hard  by  the 
Castle,  and  tooke  muche  faire  Grownd  in  it  very  frutefull  of  Corne, 
now  fayr  Launds  for  Coursynge.  The  Inhabytaunts  cursyd  the 
Duke  for  thes  Lands  so  inclosyd. 

There  cummith  an  Armelet  of  Severne  ebbynge  and  flowyng 
into  this  Parke.  Duke  Edward  had  thowght  to  have  trenchyd 
there,  and  to  have  browght  it  up  to  the  Castle. 

There  was  a  Parke  by  the  Maner  of  Thornebyry  afore,  and  yet 
is  caullyd  Morlewodde. 

There  was  also  afore  Duke  Edivzrd's  tyme  a  Parke  at  Estewood 
a  Myle  or  more  of :  but  Duke  Edward  at  2.  tymes  enlargyd  it 
to  the  Compace  of  6.  Myles  not  without  many  Curses  of  the  poore 
Tenaunts. 

The  Severne  Se  lyethe  a  Myle  and  more  from  Thornebyrie,  the 
Marches  lyenge  betwene. 

From  Thornebyry  to  Briyhtstow  a  10.  Myles. 

From  Thornebyry  to  Glocester  18.  Myles,  Sume  caull  it  20. 

BERKELEY. 
From  Thornebyry  to  Berkeley  a  Market  Towne,  havynge  a 
Maior  and  Privelegis,  a  4.  Myles.  A  Myle  or  more  or  I  came  by 
the  Towne  I  lefte  the  New  Parke  withe  a  fayre  Loge  on  the  Hill 
in  it  longinge  on  to  Berkeley  on  the  lifte  Hand.  And  by  a  flyte 
Shote  or  ever  I  cam  on  to  the  very  Towne,  standynge  on  a  Clive, 
I  passyd  over  a  Bridge,  and  there  ran  Forteworthe  Ryver  downe 
on  the  lifte  Hond  to  Severne  Marches.  And  at  the  very  enteringe 
of  the  Towne  I  passyd  over  a  nothar  Bridge  where  ran  a  Broke 
commynge  from  the  Springs  of  clyvers  Hills  not  far  of  ;  and  this 
Broke  in  the  Salte  Meades  a  litle  benethe  the  ToAvne  meatithe  the 
othar  Broke  of  Torteworthe  Watar,  and  goo  bothe  withe  in  a  Myle, 


Leland  ix  Gloucestershire.  263 

or  there  aboute,  by  the  Salte  Marsche  and  New  Porte  Havenet  in 

to  Seveme. 

The  Towne   of  Berkeley  is  no  great  thynge,  but  it  stanclyth 

well,  and  in  a  very  good  Soyle.     It  hathe  very  muche  occupied, 

and  yet  some  what  dothe  Clothinge. 

[Sum  say  that  there  was  a  Nunnery  at  Berkeley.  Vol.  vi.  p. 
72.] 

The  Churche  stondithe  as  on  an  Hille  at  the  Southe  Ende  of 
the  Towne. 

And  the  Castle  stondithe  at  the  Southe  West  End  of  the 
Church.  It  is  no  great  thinge.  Dyvers  Towres  be  in  the 
Compase  of  it.  The  Warde  of  the  first  Gate  is  metely  stronge, 
and  a  Bridge  ovar  a  Dyche  to  it.  There  is  a  sqware  Dongeon 
Towre  in  the  Castle,  sed  non  stat  in  mole  ejestce  terrce. 

Ther  be  dyvers  Lordships  there  about  longynge  to  Berkley  to 
the  Some  of  1000.  Marks  by  the  Yere,  whereof  Swynbome  is  one 
of  the  best.     There  longe  to  Berkeley  4.  Parks  and  2.  Chaces. 

Okeley  Parke  hard  by. 

Whitwike. 

New  Parke. 

Handle  Parke. 

Miche  Wood  Chace. 

Vol.  vi.  p.  46. 
Genealogia  Berchelogorum. 

Hardingus  ex  reyia,  prosapia  regni  Dacise  oriundus  fuit  in  tem- 
pore Gul.  Conquestoris  §  Bristolliam  inhabitavit  a0  Dni  1069.  postea 
Dns  de  Berkeley. 

An0  D.  1135.  tempore  Stephani  regis  Robertus  filius  Hardingi 
genuit  ex  Eva  sponsa  sua  quatour  filios,  videlicet  Mauritium  de 
Barkeley,  Robertum  de  Wer,  Nicolaum  de  Tikenham,  &  Thomam 
archidiaconum  Wigorniensem  Arc  D.  1135. 

An0  D.  1148.  3  Idus  Apr.  die  videlicit  Tsmchsej/undatio  monas- 
ter. S.  Augustini  Bristoll,  &  congregatio  fratrum  ejusdem  per  Dnm 
Robertum  /ilium  Hardingi  prcedicti. 

An"  D.  1170.  die  S.  Agatha?  Virginia  obiit  Ds.  Robertus  filius 
Hardingi,  miles,  <k  canonicus,  ac  fundator  monaster.  S.  Augustini 
Bristollire. 


264  Tramsaotions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Mauritius  primogenitus  Roberti  filii  Hardingi  ex  Alicia  sp>onsa, 
filia  Rogeri  de  Durslegh,  genuit  Robertum,  Thomam,  &,  Mauritium. 

Robertus primog.  Mauritii  habuit  duas  uxores,  videlicit  Luciam 
&  Lucianam,  [Julianam  1]  <k  obiit  sine  herede  de  se  exeunte,  &  sic 
descendit  hereditas  Thomse  fratri  suo. 

Thomas  accepit  in  ux.  Isabellam  consanguineam  regis  Joannis, 
&  ex  ea  genuit  Mauritium,  Thomam  &  Robertum. 

Iste  rex  Joannes  habuit  fratrem  juniorem,  scilicet  Richardum 
comitem  Cornubise,  regem  Hierusalem  ac  regem  Alemannise,  qui 
fuit  pater  Isabella?  predictce,  qui  fundavit  4.  Abbatias,  scilicet 
Ascheruge,  Hailes  &  2.  alias. 

Mauritiis  primogenitus  occisus  erat  apud  Killingeworth. 

Thomas  f rater  ejics  successit  ei,  &  accepit  in  ux.  Joannara  filiam 
comitis  de  Ferreres,  &  genuit  ex  ea  Mauritium,  Thomam,  Joannem, 
&  Jacobum. 

Mauritius  primogenitus  Thomas  accepit  in  ux.  filiam  Ivonis 
Dni  de  la  Zouche,  &  genuit  ex  ea  Thomam,  Mauritiam,  Joannem 
Yvonem  &  Petrurn. 

Thomas  primogenitus  Mauritii  accepit  in  ux.  Margaretam,  filiam 
Rogeri  de  Mortimer, comitis  de  la  Marche,  &  genuit  ex  ea  Mauritium, 
Thomam  &  Robertum.  Morlua  vero  Margareta  Thomas  prcedictus 
accepit  in  ux.  Dominam  qiue  quondam  uxor  Petri  le  Veel. 

Mauritius  de  Berkeley  primogenitus  Thomse  accepit  in  tcx. 
Elisabeth,  filiam  Hugonis  de  Spenser,  &  genuit  ex  ea  Thomam, 
Jacobum  &  Joannem.  Obiit  6.  Idus  Jun.  a0  D.  1359. 

Thomas  primogenitus  Mauritii  accepit  in  ux.  Margaretam  filiam 
Wareni  le  Lisle,  &  genuit  ex  ea  filiam  unam  nomine  Elisabeth, 
quam  Richardus  films  comitis  de  Warwick  accepit  in  uxorem. 

Jacobus  films  Jacobi,  filii  Mauritii,  successit  Thomse,  &  accepit 
in  uxorem  Isabellam,  filiam  ducis  Northfolcise,t&  habuit  exea  quatuor 
ftlios,  Gulielmum,  Jacobum,  Mauritium  fy  Thomam. 

An0  D.  1347,  die  Martis  3.  Cal.  Jun.  D.  Thomas  de  Berkeley 
desponsavit  Dnd.  Catarinam,  nuper  consortem  Dl  Petri  le  Veele, 
filiam  D'  Joannis  de  Glifden  [Clifdon]  apud  Charfeld. 

An"  Dnl  1348.  7.  die  Jun.  in  Festo  Tran.  S.  Wolstani  episcopi 
natus  est  Thomas filius  prcedicti  I)1  Thomse  ac  Catarinse  rt/wc/  Berkeley, 
quern  Wolstanus  episcopus  Wigorn.  4.  a  Nativitate  die  baptizavit. 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  265 

An"  D.  1349.  27.  die  Maii  natus  est  Mauritiis  predicti  Thomse 
&  Catarinpe  filius  apad  Berkeley. 

An0  D.  1350.  10.  die  mensis  Julii  natus  est  Edmundus  ejusdem 
Thompe  &  Catering  filius. 

An"  D.  1351.  21°  Jamjar.1  natus  est  Joannes  prcedicti  Thomae 
d-  Catarime  filius  apud  Wotton  Under  Egge. 

Ther  was  great  Harte  Burning  betwixt  the  Lorde  Berkeley  and 
the  Lorde  Lisle  for  the  Maner  of  Wotton  Under  Egge,  in  so  much 
that  they  pointid  to  fight,  and  meting  yn  a  Meclow  at  a  Place 
caullid  Nebley,  Berkeley's  Archers  sodainely  shotte  sore,  and  the 
Lord  Lisle  lifteing  up  the  Visar  of  his  Helme  was  by  an  Archer 
of  the  Forest  of  Dene  shotte  in  at  the  Mouth  and  oute  of  the 
Nek  :  and  a  few  beside  beyng  slayn  Lisle  Menne  fled  :  and  Berkeley 
with  his  Menne  straite  spoilid  the  Maner  Place  of  Wotton,  and 
kepte  the  House.  Berkeley  favorid  Henry  the  6.  Parte.  Lisle 
favorid  Edwarde  the  4. 

Berkeley  to  wyn  after  Kinge  Eduarde's  good  Wylle  promisid 
to  make  the  Marquise  of  Dorset  his  Heire :  but  that  succedid  not. 

Berkeley  was  ons  a  sure  Frende  to  King  Richard  the  3. 

Thus  partid  Berkeley  from  his  Landes.  First  he  was  rather 
winkid  at  then  forgyven  of  the  Death  of  the  Lord  Lisle.  And  he 
beyng  withoute  Heires  his  Brother  solde  and  dyd  bargen  for  his 
owne  Sunne,  Heire  apparent  to  the  Lands.  Wherapon  Lord 
Berkeley  in  a  Rage  made  King  Henry  the  7.  his  Heire  for  [moste 
of  his  Lands,]  and  after  was  made  a  Marquise,  and  lyeth  buried 
in  the  Augustine  Freres  in  London. 

Vol.  vii.  p.  103. 
From  Berkley  to  Acton  muche  by  Woody  Ground  a  7.  Miles. 
Thens  to  Cheping  Sodbyri,  and  a  Myle  from  thens  to  Lytic 
Sodbyri. 

The  doble  dichyd  Campe  there  by  on  the  Hill  conteynithe  a  2. 
Acres.  Kynge  Edward  the  Fowrthe's  Men  kepte  this  Campe  here 
goinge  to  Twekesbyry  Elide.  Old  Sodbyri  and  Chepinge  Sodbyry 
were  the  Erles  of  G'locester's  Lands,  and  syns  Bewchamp's  Erles  of 
Warwyke.      Gilbert  de  Clare  pocessyd  them. 

1  Hearne  adds  "sic."     But  if  the  chronicler's  year  began  on  the  23th 
March  the  difficulty  is  explained. 


266  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

The  Maner  Place  stode  harde  by  the  West  End  of  the  Churche. 
now  clene  downe. 

[Badmanton  Village  a  good  Mile  from  Litle  Sodbyri,  wher  in 
remembraunce  3.  of  the  Botelars  of  the  House  of  Boteler  Lord 
Sudeley.  Ther  is  meane  Maner  Place  and  a  Parke.  (In  the 
margin  : — "  Boteler  a  Man  of  a  180. li.  Landes."  Vol.  vi.  p.  73.] 

From   Litle  Sodbyri   onto  Pulklechvrche  in  Glosestarshire  a  4. 
Myles  ;  one  and  a  halfe  by  enclosyd   Ground,  the  Resydwe  by 
Champaine,  but  frutefull.     Here  is  a  Parke  and  a  goodly  Lord- 
shipe  longynge  unto  the  Bysshope  of  Bathe. 
N.B. 

EDMONDE  the  Elder  King  of  England  was  slayn  at  Pulcle- 

chirch,  and  byried  at  Glasteinbyri. 

This  is  written  with  John  Savaricus  Bishop  of  Bathe,  and 

Leyland  the  Antiquary  his  owne         Abbate    of    Glasteinbyri    alienated 

hand,    who   dyd  18.  Apr.  1552.  Pucklechirche  from    Glesteinbyri   to 

6.  E.  6.2  Bathe. 

The  Personage  of  Pucklechirch  impropriate  to  the  'Cathedrale 
Chirche  of  Welles. 

From  Pucklechirch  to  Cainesham 

There  be  2.  Bridges  of  Stone  at  Kainesham,  wherof  "one  of  6. 
greate  Arches,  now  al  yn  ruine,  standith  holely  in  Glocestreslu'r. 
The  other  hard  therby  stondith  with  3.  great  Arches  of  Stone 
over  Avon  Eyver  that  there  partith  Glocestershire  and  Somersetshir. 

Vol.  vi.  p.  74. 

Deirhurst  in  Glocestershir. 

It  standith  as  Severne  Ryver  cummith  doune  in  Iceva  ripa  a 
Mile  beneth  Theokcsbyri, 

The  site  of  the  Towne,  as  it  is  now,  is  in  a  maner  of  a  Medow. 
So  that  when  Severne  much  risith  the  Water  cummith  almoste 
aboute  the  Towne. 

Tt  is  to  be  supposid  that  it  was  of  olde  tyme  lesse  subjecte 
to  Waters,  and  that  the  Botom  of  Severne  then  deper  withoute 
Choking  of  Sandes  dyd  at  Flouddes  leste  hurte. 

'-'  This  nutc  was  written  in  the  margin  of  the  MS.  by  Mr.  Burton. 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  267 

It  is  now  but  a  poore  Village,  and  the  Lordship  longgid  of  late 
partely  to  the  Abbate  of  Theokesbyri.  Suche  Parte  as  Westminstre 
had  was  longging  to  Persore  Abbay  tyl  William  Conqueror  gave  it 
away.  Derehurst  Abbay  had  the  Residew  afore  that  the  House 
of  Derehurste  was  alienatid  from  the  Monasterie  of  S.  Dionise 
by  Parise,  to  the  which  it  was  a  Celle,  and  one  Hugo  Magason  a 
Monke  of  S.  Dionise  was  the  laste  Prior  aliene  there  yn  King 
Edwanle  the  4.  Dayes,  and  aboute  that  tyme  it  was  dissolvid,  and 
moste  of  the  Landes  of  it  given  to  Focleringey,  and  Eton  College, 
as  it  is  said,  had  sum  Title.  After  Sute  betwixte  the  Colleges 
and  the  Abbay  of  Theokesbyri  Debatinges  was,  and  after  long 
Tracte  a  final  Ende  made  in  Henry  the  7.  days  that  the  Priory  of 
Goldeclife,  longging  then  newly  to  Tcokesbyri,  should  go  with  the 
Landes  to  Foderingey  College,  and  Dehorhurst  onto  7  heokesbyri. 

Bede  makith  mention  that  yn  his  tyme  there  was  a  notable 
Abbay  at  Derehurste.  It  was  destroyed  by  the  Danes.  Werstanus 
fledde  thens,  as  it  is  sayde,  to  Maherne.  The  Frenclie  Order  was 
an  Erection  syns  the  Conquest.  The  olde  Priory  stode  Est  from 
Severn  a  Bow  shotte,  and  North  of  the  Town.  There  remayne  yet 
dyverse  Names  of  Streates,  as  Fischar  Streate,  and  other.  But 
the  Buildinges  of  them  be  gone.  Ther  be  yet  2.  Fayres  kept  one 
at  eche  day  in  iuventione  Sf  in  exaltatione  Crucis.  There  is  a  Parke 
bytwixt  the  old  Plotte  of  Holme  Castelle  and  it,  but  it  longgid  to 
Holme  the  Erles  of  Glocesters  House,  and  not  to  it.  There  is  a 
fair  Maner  Place  of  Tymbre  and  Stone  yn  this  Theokesbyri  Parke 
wher  the  Lord  Edward  Spensar  lay,  and  late  my  Lady  Mary. 

Prestebyri. 

Trestebyri  is  a  praty  Townelet  standing  There  is  a  Quarre  of 

a  Mile  Este  South  Este  from  Cluiltenham  yn  fine  stone  aboute  Preste- 

Glocestershire.    Sum  say  that  it  was  of  old  byri,  of  the  whiche  Parte 

tyme  a  Market  Towne,  and  had  Fraunchesis.  of  the  fine  Stone  workes 

It  is  now  made  a  Market  Toune  agayne  a  20.  of  Theokesbyri  were  build 

yd. 

Yeres  syns.  The  Town  hath  been  larger  than  it  is  now,  and  hath 
be  sumwhat  defacid  with  Chaunce  of  Fier.  The  Erles  of  Glocester 
were   Lordcs  of  it.     And  Gilberte  de  Clare  the  sccunde  Erie  of 


2(i8  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

Glocester  gave  it  to  the  Bisslioprike  of  Ilerforde  for  emendes  of 
Wronges  to  Cantulupe  Bisshop  of  Hereforde  and  to  his  Chirche. 
One  Simon  a  Freholder,  Servante  to  the  redde  Erie,  having  a 
10.  li.  by  Yere  in  the  Lordship  was  bounde  to  wayte  on  the  Bisshop 
of  Hereforde  if  he  wente  ynto  Scoltelande.  There  is  now  a  fair 
House  on  that  Grounde  caullid  Overton.  It  is  now  one  Wylliam 
Bagers,  and  is  a  Mile  dim.  oute  of  Prestbijri,  but  in  the  Paroche 
of  it.  The  Bisshope  of  Ilerforde  is  Lorde  of  the  Towne,  and  hath 
a.faire  Place  there  at  the  Northe  West  Parte  of  the  Town  toward 

Theokesbyri.     The  Place  is well  inotid,  and  standith  withyn  a 

Quarter  of  a  Mile  of  Southam.     Master 

Tetbyri  (?)  Castelle 
Is  a  2.  Miles  from  Theokesbyri  above  it  in  ripa  Icsva  Salrinoz 
apon  a  Cliv  with  doble  Diches  in  the  Paroche  of  Tioyniug.  It  is 
now  overgrowne  with  Trees  and  Busshes  of  Juniper.  It  longgid  to 
Winchelcumbe  Abbay.  Peradventure  it  was  King  Offa,  or  King 
Kenulphus,  House. 

[Some  Worcestershire  notes  follow.] 

TEWKESBURY. 
Ex  libello  de  Antiquitate  Theokebiriensis  Monasterii. 
Fundatio  Monaster,  de  Theokesbyri  a0  Di.  715.  per  duces  Mer- 
ciorum. 

Temporibus  Ethelredi,  Kenredi,  &  Ethelbaldi  regum  Merciorum 
faerunt  Oddo  &  Doddo  duces  in  Mercia. 

Theocus  Heremita  mansiuncidam  liabuit  Sum  say  that  Tlteocus 

prope  Sabrinam  unde  &  Theokesbyria.  Chapelle  was  aboute  the 

Oddo  &  Doddo  hie  construxere  monaster-       Place     wher    syns     the 
iolum  in  /undo  suo  prope  Sabrinam  in  hono-       Jues  Synagoge  was. 
rem  Dei  &  S.  Maria?  Assumpt*  ubi  4.  aut  5. 
Monachos  cam  Priore  posuerunt. 

Dederunt  Monasterio  Stanewey  cum  membris. 

Oddo  &  Doddo  obierunt  a0  D.  725. 

Sepulti  sunt  Persorre  in  Monaster,  suo. 

Oddo  ante  obitum  7nonachus  Persorensis. 

Almaricus,  /rater  Oddonis  &   Doddonis,  sepultus  a/pud  Deor- 
hurste  in  parva  capella  contra  portam  Prioratus  ejusdem.     Ilaic 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  2G9 

capella  aliqaando  fait  aida  rejia.  Ibi  monstratur  in  diem  hodier- 
num  ejus  sepulchr/nn,  ubi  inpariete  scribilur  supra  ostium:  Hanc 
aulam  Dodo  dux  consecrari  fecit  in  ecclesiam  ad  honorem,  Beatae 
Marise  Virginia  ob  amorem  fratris  sui  Almarici. 

Strages,bella,  &  incerta  imperiapene  a  morte  Oddonis  &  Ddddonis 
usque  ad  Athelstani  monarchiam. 

Incertum  igitur  quis  Mis  temporibus  patroni  fuerit  Theokes- 
byriensia  Monasterii. 

Theokesbiriense  Monasterium  bis  Mis  temporibus  spoliatum 
incensumque, 

Ueddito  sereniori  tempore  Hugo  magmas  dux  floruit  in  Mercia, 
patronus  Frioratus  de  Theokesbyri  a0.  D.800.  Quo  a°.prcedicto  sepe- 
livit  Brightricum  regem  Weat-Saxonum  in  prioratu  suo  de  Theokea- 
byri  in  Facello  S.  Ficlei. 

Ob iit  dux  Hugo  a0  D.  812.  $f  sepidtus  est  in  eodem  Prioratu. 
AdJiuc  apparel  tumulus  ad  boream  in  navi  ecclesioi. 

An0.  Di.  930.  sub  Eltheatano  rege  Ailwardus  Meaw,  sic  dictus 
ab  albedine,  ex  prosapia  regis  Edwardi  Seui  ris,  regis  West  Saxon- 
uni,  erat  vir  arm/is  s'renuus. 

Hie  Ailwardus  pro  se  §■  Algiva  conjuge  sua  tempore  Ethelredi 
Sf  Dunatani  episcopi  erexit  parvum  Monaster ium  in  honorem  Dei,  tf. 
Maria?,  8f  Barptolomasi  in  fundo  suo  apud  Croneburne  circa  An. 
Di.  980. 

Alwardus  obiit  a°.  Di 17.  Calend.  Januarii. 

Ejus  filius  Algarus  cum  sua  uxore  Algiva  jure  hereditaria  suc- 
ccsserunt. 

Algaro  successit  Brictricua  :  $r  Mi  ampliaverunt  Monaster,  de 
Croneburne. 

An0  D.  1066.   Gulielmua  dux  Normann.  acquisivit  Angliam. 

Robertus,  juvenis,  films  Haymonis  domini  de  Ascrevilla  in 
Normannia,  venit  in  Angliam  cum  Gul.  Conquestore. 

Brictricua  Imbassiator  in  Normannia  refutavit  vuptias  Matildis, 
postea  uxoris  Gul.  Conquestoris. 

Brictricus  Dvs.  Gloceatriaj  captus  in  manerio  suo  de  Hanleia,  8f 
Wintoniam  ductus  :  ubi  sine  liberis  obiit. 

Matildis  regin%  honorem  Gloucestria;  mortuo  Brictrico  accepit. 

Obiit  Matildia  a°.  D.  1083.  mense  Apr.  Deinda,  rex  sibi  servavit 
honorem  de  Glocester. 
Vol.  XIV.  t 


270  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Gulielmus  Conquestor  obiit  a0.  D.  1087. 

Gul.  Ruf us  processu  temporis  declit  honorem  Gloucestrise  Roberto 
filio  Haymonis  cum  omni  libertate  qua  eum  tenuit  Brictricus. 

Robert  filius  Haymonis  ducit  in  uxorem  Sibillam  sororem 
Roberti  Belesrai  comitis  Salapise. 

Genuit  ex  eafilias  Mabiliam,  Hawisiam,  Ceciliam,  Amiciam. 

An0.  D.  1102.  Robertus  filius  Haymonis,  exhortatione  Sibillse 
uxoris  sues  8f  Giraldi  Abbatis  de  Corneburne,  ecclesiam  de  Theokes- 
byri  ex  novo  fecit,  $f  novis  possessionibus  ditavit. 

Robertus  filius  Haymonis,  relictis  tantum  Priore  8f  2.fiatribus 
in  Corneburne,  ceteros  cum  Giralclo  Abbate  transtulit  una  cum 
prcediis  Theokesbiriam,  quam  ex  Prioralu  in  Abbatiam  magnifice 
extulit. 

Robertus  filius  Haymonis  obiit  Id.  Mart,  a0  Di.  1107.  Sf  a0.  7. 
Henrici  primi,  Sepidtus  fait  Theokesbirise  in  domo  capitulari. 
Postea  per  Robertum  3.  Abbatem  in  ecclesiam  translates  est,  8f  in 
dextera  parte  coemiterii  inter  2.  columnas  honorifice  collocatus  a0.  D. 
1-241. 

Isabella  uxor  Roberti  obiit  17.  Gal.  Januar.  a0.  D 

An0  D.  1397.  Thomas  Pakare  [Parkere]1  abbas  18.  capellam 
mirifici  operis  erigi  fecit  circa  novum  Roberti  filii  Haymonis 
tumulum. 

Henricus  primus  rex  noluit  honorem  de  Glocestre  dividi  inter 
filias  Roberti  Haymonis. 

Cecilia  filia  Roberti  facta  est  Abbatissa  de  Shaftesbyri. 

Hawisia  Abbatissa  de  Wilton. 

Amicia  nupsit  comiti  Britannise. 

Mabilia  primogenita  nupsit  Roberto  filio  notho  Henrici  primi, 
quern  pater  rex  Henricus  integro  Jwnore  de  Glocestre  insignivit. 

Hie  Robertus  nothus  wdificavit  Prioratum  S.  Jacobi  Bristollise, 
Sr  membrum  fecit  Monasterio  de  Theokesbyri. 

Robertus  nothus  solebat  singulis  solennibus  diebus  habere  secum 
Abbatem  de  Theokesbyri  cum  12.  monachis  Bristollia?. 

Hie  Robertus  construxit  castrum  de  Bristolle,  fy  dedit  decimum 

quemque  lapidem  castri  ad  fabricam  capellce  S. Maria?  juxta  monaster. 

IS.  Jacobi  Bristollia?. 

1  This  and  two  or  three  other  readings  within  brackets  were  obtained  by 
Hearne  from  the  original  MS.  transcribed  by  Leland. 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  271 

Robertus  obiit  prid.  Cal.  Novembr.  sub  a°.D.  1140  [1147.]  a°. 
Stephani  12.    Sepultus  in  clwro  Monasterii  S.  Jacobi  Bristollise. 

Gulielmus  ejus  films  successit.  Buxit  in  uxorem  Hawisiam^/iZ iam 
comitis  Leircestriae,  genuitque  ex  ea  Robertum  qui  ante  patrem  obiit. 

Sepultus  fuit  Robertus  in  Abbatia  de  Cainesham,  qioam  Guliel- 
mus ejus  pater  infilii  sui  Roberti  memoriam  erexerat. 

Gulielmus  etiam  fdias  genuit,  videlicet  Mabiliam,  quai  nupsit 
comiti  de  Evereux  in  Normannia. 

Almaricus  filius  Mabilia?,  qui  comitatum  Glocestrise  post  mortem 
Isabella?  tempore  regis  Joannis  paululum  p>ossidens  sine  liberis  cito 
decessit.  Alteram  genuit  filiam  Gulielmus  Amiciam  nomine,  quce 
nupsit  domino  Richardo  Clare  comiti  de  Hertforde. 

Tertiam  quoque  filiam  nomine  Isabellam  genuit. 

Henricus  2.  detinuit  in  manu  sua  honorem  de  Glocestre  8.  annis, 
&  anno  ultimo  regni  sui  dedit  Isabellam  in  uxorem  Joanni  filio  suo 
cum  int  gro  honore  de  Glocester,  quern  tenuit  reqnante  Richardo  I. 
ej  us  J'ratre. 

Hie  Joannes  postea  rex  fecit  pontem  de  Theokesbyri,  qui  vocatur 
pons  longus,  tempore  comitatus  sui,  Sf  dedit  ad  sustentationem  dicti 
pentis  to  turn  teloneum  mercati  de  Twekesbyri  quod  usque  hodie 
servatur. 

Joannes  cum  it  no  regnassit  anno  Isabellam,  quia  liberos  non 
habuit,repudiavit,  retinens  in  manu  sua  honorem  de  Glocester,  castrum 
Bristollise  cum  Burgo,  <&  totam  Ilundredam  de  Bertona  cum  per- 
tinentiis  quat  non  devenerunt  ad  heredes  usque  in  prcesentem  diem. 

Joannes  rex  maritamt  Isabellam  Galfrido  de  Mandeville  comiti 
Essexise  cum  comiiatu  Glocestrire.     Galfredo  Mandeville  mortuo 
Isabella  tempore  Joannis  cum  Ludovicus  Gallus  Angliam  occuparet 
nupsit  Huberto  de  Burgo  summo  Angl.  Justic'ario permissu  regis 
8f  paulo  post  obiit. 

Gulielmus  comes  Glocestr.  obiit  a°  D.  1173.  Sepultus  fuit  in 
monaster io  de  Cainesham  quam  in  Roberti  filii  sui  memoriam 
fundavit. 

Hie  Robertus  (lulielmi  filius  natus  fuit  apud  Cairdif,  Sf  ibidem 
obiit  a0.  D.  1166. 

Duab.  filiabus  Gulielmi  comitis  sine  liberis  morientibus  devoluta 

est  hereditas  ad  Amiciam  uxorem  Richardi  de  Clare. 
T   2 


27'2  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Richard  us  de  Clare  dbiit  a0  U.  1211.  8f  sepultus  est  apud  Clare. 

Successit  Richardo  Gilbei'tus  ejus  ex  Amicia  filius. 

Hie  Gilbertus  primus  Glocestrise  fy  Hertforclise  comes  conjunctiva 
<£•  divisim,  qui  accept  a  covjuge  Isabella,  filia  Gulielmi  Marescalli 
senioris,  comitis  de  Penbroke,  genuit  ex  ea  filiam  nomine  matris 
Amiciara  a°.B.  1220. 

Gilbertus  genuit  ex  Amicia  uxore  Richardum  secundum  heredem 
suum  a0  D.  1221.  [mccxxii.] 

Gilbertus  postea  genuit  alios  filios,  Gulielmum  &  Gilbertum. 

Gilbei'tus  postremo  genuit  2.  filias,  Agnetem  &  Isabellam. 

Gilbertus  primus  legavit  monaster,  boscum  Mutha    dicitur  in 

de  Mitha  cum  corpore  suo  ad  sepeliendum  in         Bonationibus.  Distat  d, 

medio  presbyterii.  Theoci  cziria  idtrapon- 

An°.  D.  1230.    Gilbertus  primus  dbiit  in         tern   1000.  passibus  in 

Britannia  Minori.  montis ad  Sabrinae 

Successit  ei  2.  Richardus  ejus  filius  &  lieres         ripam. 
comes  de  Glocester  <&  Herteforde.  Comes  Hertford. 

Richardus  2.  duxit  in  uxorem  Matildem  filiim  comitis  Lincoln- 
iensis  &  genuit  ex  eafilium  dictum  Gilbertum  secundum  a0.  D.  1243. 
apud  eccl.  Cliristi  in  Hamptonshire. 

Hie  Gilbertus  2.  dictus  est  Comes  Rubeus,  quia  rufos  erat  <& 
pulcher  aspectu. 

Cenuit  etiam  Gilbertus  2US.  dtoos  alios  filios,  Thomam  8f  Bene- 
dictum,  &  3.  filia*,  Isabellam,  Margaretam  d-  Roys. 

Richardus  de  Clare  secundus  comes  Glocestria;  &  Hertfordice 
tenuit  natalem  Dni.  a±  ud  Theokesbyri,  &  habuit  secum  60.  milites 
servientes  sibi. 

Richardus  2.  obiit  14.  die  Jul.  anno  Di.  1262.  tempore  Henrici 
3.  regis  ante  Statutem  apud  Esmerfeld  :  &  sepultus  est  in  presbyterio 
Theokesbyrire  ad  dexteram  patris  sui. 

Uxor  ejus  ornavt  tumulum  auro,  anjento,  &  gemmis. 

Gilbertus  2.  successit  patri  Richardo  in  honorem  comit.  Glocestr. 
&  Hertfordire,  &  ex  sua  conjuge  Joanna  de  Acris  regis  Edwardi  I. 
filia  habuit  /ilium  unicum  Gilbertum  3.  &  trcs  filius,  Elenoram, 
Elizabeth  &  Isabellam. 

Gilbertus  2.  obiit  in  castcllo  de  Moncmuthe  7.  [vi.]  Id.  Decembr. 
an0  P.  1295.   Sepultus  est  Theokesbyrite  in  sinistra  Gilberti  priini. 


LELAND   IN   GLOUCESTERSHIRE.  273 

Successit  Gilbertus  3.  qui  de  uxore  sua  Matilde,  filia  Joannis  de 
Brough  comitis  Ultonice,  genuit  Joannem  raatura  ante  patrem  morte. 
prceventum. 

Joannes  sejmltus  est  Theokesbirise  in  capella  S.  Maria?. 

Gilbertus  3.  a  Scottis  apud  Strivelyn  ociisus  est  die  S.  Joannis 
Baptist*  an0.  Edwardi  2.  regis  ...  [vm.]  a°.  cetads  23.  8°  Cat.  Jul. 
a0.  D.  1314.  Sepidtus  est  in  Tewkesbyri  ad  hevarn  patris  sui. 

Matildis  uxor  Gilberti  3.  obiit  a0.  D.  1315°. 

M01  tuo  Gilberto  comitatus  Glocestrise  &  Herefordise  dispersi  sunt, 
videlicet  in  3.  filias  Gilberti  secundi,  sorores  videlicet  Gilberti  3. 

Post  mortem  Gilberti  3.  successit  in  3  parte,  &  prima  comit. 
Glocestr.  Elenora  prima  soror  Gilberti  3. 

Patronatus  monaster,  de  Twekesbyri  pervenit  adhanc  Elenorarn. 

Hrec  Elenora  vmpta  fait  Hugoni  le  Dispenser,  filio  Hugonis 
Spenser  comitis  Wintonise,  <&  genuit  ex  ea  Hugonem  3.  d  Eduardum. 

Hugo  primus  punitis  in  castello  de  Bristolle  6.  Cal.  Novembr.a?t°. 
1326.  Eodem  anno  in  vigil lia  S.  Aulrefe  apostoli  Hugo  2.  cumerarius 
Eduardi  2.  regis  sine  judicio  &  responsione  suspensus  est  <b  in 
partes  divisus,  &  in  ecclesia  de  Theokesbyri  diu  posfea  sepultus. 

Obiit  Elenora  uxor  Hugonis  2\  2".  Cal.  Jul.  An".  D.  1337.  Erat 
mater  Hugonis  3.  Edwardi  l1.  &  Gilberti  ex  Hugone  2°.  Et  post 
obitum  Hugonis  21.  nupsit  Dno.  Gulielmo  de  la  Zouchea0.  D.  1335. 
la  Martii.  [...  Zouch:  qui  ex  ilia  genuit  Hugonem  Souche.  Anno 
diii  mcccxxxv.  primo  Die  Martii  obiit  Dominus  Willmus  le  louche, 
&  sepultus  est  in  capella  beatre  Maria  Theokusburice  in  medio.'] 

Gul.  de  la  Zouche  maritus  Elenorse  sepultus  apud  Theokesbyri 
in  capella  S.  Marise. 

Elisabeth  cle  Clare  2.  filia  Gilberti  2.  &  soror  Alenorse  habuit 
3.  viros,  Joannem  (sic)  de  Burgo  corn-item  de  Holmestre,  de  rjuibus 
Gulielnius  genitus  comes  de  Holuester.  A  quo  Gulielmo  Elizabeth 
de  Burgo  hercs  ejus,  quavi  Leonellus^ms  2.  Edwardi  3.  regis  duxit 
in  uxorem.  A  quibus  Leonello  &  Elisabeth  filia  processit  nomine 
Philippa  heres  unica. 

[Pedigree  of  the  Earls  of  March  follows.] 

Dna  Isabella  filia  Gilberti  2.  copxdata  fuit  Dno  Hugoni  de 
Au  dele. 

Hugo  Le  Denspenser  3s.  &  2'.  films  obiit  sine  herede  ex  uxore 
Elisabeth,  filia  comitis  Sarum,  sexto  Id.  Febr.  a0.  D.  1348.  Sepultus 
est  apud  Theokesbyry  juxta  summum  altare  in  dextera  parte.  Hie 
appropriavit  ecclesiam  Latrissancte  [Lantessan]  monaster.  Theokes- 
byryensi.  Iste  /regit  Scheltram  in  mare  in.  hello  de  Scluse  a0.  D. 
1359. 


274  Trans  actions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

Elisabeth  le  Despenser  uxor  Hugonis  3.  obiit  apud  Asscheley 
in  comitatu  Hamptonise.  Sepulta  est  juxta  Hugonem  maritum  apud 
Theokesbyry.  Edwardus  le  Dispenser  frater  Hugonis  3,  genuit  ex 
Anna  filia  D[.  de  Ferrares  Edwardum  2ni.  Thomam,  Henricum,  & 
Gilbertum  secundum,  &foriuna  belli  ante  fratrem  decessit.  Edwardus 
vero  2.  filius  istius  Edwardi  s^lccessit  Hugoni  3°.  Duxit  in  uxorem 
Elisabetham  filiam  Dm.  Bartolemei  de  Burwasclie,  Sf  genuit  ex 
ea  Eduardum  3.  qui  obiit  duodennis  apud  Cairdif,  sed  Tlieoksbirise 
sepelitur  in  capella  S.  Maria3 :  &  Hugonem  4.  qui  post  natalem  diem 
cito  obiit,  &  cum  Edwaixlo  3.  sepultus  est.  Veinde  genuit  4.  filias, 
Ceciliam,  quce  juvencula  admodem  obiit,  &  sepidta  est  cum  fratribus 
suis.  Deinde  Elisabeth,  quce  postea  Dnd  de  la  Zouche,  &  relicta 
Joannis  Arundelle :  &  Annam,  quce  fuit  desponsata  Hugoni  Hast- 
inges,&postea  Thomse  Moreley:  &  Margaretam  quce  habuit  Robertum 
Ferreres. 

Prcedictus  Edwardus  in  ultima  cetate  sua  genuit  Thomam  Dis- 
pensar,  postea  comitem  Glocestrise. 

Hie  Thomas  successit  patri  in  hereditate,  &  Constantiam,  filiam 
Edmundi  de  Langeley  filii  Eduardi  3.  in  uxorem  accepit,  ex  qua 
genuit  Richardum,  Elisabeth,  &  Isabellam. 

Prcedictus  Edwardus   2s.  obiit  in   Cambria   apud  castrum  de 
Lanblethiam  die  S.  Martini  episcopi  a°.  D.  1375. 

Sepultus  est  Edwardus  2s.  apud  Theokesbyry  ante  ostium  vestiarii 
jux'ta  presbyterium. 

Uxor  Edwardi  2.  cedificavit pro  tumulo  viri  sui  capellam  S.  Trini- 
tatis  apud  Theokesbyry.  Dedit  hie  calicem  aureum  monaster,  de 
Theokesbyri.  Permansit  viduitate  Elisabeth  filia  Dm  Burwasche 
33.  annis.  Obiit  a0.  D.  1409.  Sepulta  est  infra  chorum  de  Theokes- 
byri. 

capite  punitus 

Thomas  filius  Eduardi  Le  Dispensar  secundi  &  heres  interfectus 

Bristollia?  a  popxdari  vulgo  feria  3.  ])ost  festum  S.  Hilarii  a0.  D. 
1369  [mcccxcix],  Sepidtusest  Theokesbyri.  Obiit  decern  annis  ante 
onatrem  suam  a°.  D.  1414. 

Obiit  Ds  Richardus  Le  Dispensar  3.  filius  &  heres  ejus  anno 
cvtatis  18.  apud  Merton  cum  adhuc  esset  in  cuslodia  regia.  Sepultus 
est  apud  Theokesbyri  in  sinistra  patris  sui. 

Post  obitum  Din  Richardi  Le  Dispensar  Isabella  soror  ejus  sus- 
cepit  dominium  de  Dispenseris.  Quam  desponsavit  Dns  Richardus 
de  Bello  Campo,  filius  &  heres  Dm.  Guliehni  Beauchamp  Sf  dns  de 
Abergeveney  die  7.  Dormientium  An°.  D.  1411°. 


LELAND    IX   GLOrCESTRHSHITiK.  27") 

[Pedigree  of  the  Beauchamps  follows.     The  following  are  the  only  passages 

of  local  interest  : — ] 

Henricus  comes  de  Warwike  ab  Henrico  6.  cui  charissimus  erat, 
coronatus  in  regem  de  Wighte,  &  postea  nom hiatus  primus  comes 
totius  Anglise. 

Dedit  etiam  ei  castrum  Bristollia}  cum  omnibus  annexis,  quod 
olim.  rex  Joannes  detinuit  sibi. 

Obiit  Dns  Henricus  Warwik  primus  comes  Anglian,  Dns  Le 
Despenser,  &  de  Abergevenny,  rex  de  insvlis  Wiethe,  Gardesey  8f 
Jardesey,  Dns  quoque  castri  Bristollise  cum  suis  annexis  iii.  Id.  Jun. 
a0.  D.  1446.  cetatis  sum  22°.  apud  castrum  de  Hanleia.  Sepultus  est 
Theokesbyrire  in  choro. 

Anna  unica  filia  Henrici  ...  obiit  a°.  D.  1449.  an0  cetatis  sua>  6. 

Mortua  Anna  filia  Henrici  Patronatus  rnonasterii  de  Theokes- 
biry  devenit  ad  Richardum  Neville  6.  filium  Richardi  Neville 
comitis  Sarum,  qui  duxit  Annara  filiam  Richardi  Beauchamp  51. 
comMs  Warwike  &  Isabellas  uxoris  siue  &  comitissce  &  soror  Henrici. 

Henricus  sextus  rex  dedit  Richardo  Neville  comitatum  War- 
wik &  dominium  de  Le  Dispenser  atque  de  Abergevenny  sub 
sigillo  mag.  chartoz  suce. 

[An  account  of  the  King  Maker's  descendants  follows.] 

An0.  D.  1476.  obiit  Isabella  ducissa  Clarentia?  patrona  de 
Tewkesbyri.  Septdta  est  apud  Theokesbyri. 

An0.  D\  1470  belhcm  fuit  apud  Barnet  in  die  Pasche  mane,  tibi 
Dns  de  Boucher  occisus  ex  parte  Edwardi. 

Ex  altera  parte  Richard  Neville  comes  Warwik  &  frater  ejus 
Joannes  Neville  inter fecti  sunt. 

Eodem  anno  3.  No.  Maii  Edwardus  Princeps  Henrici  6.  filius 
venit  cum  exercitu  ad  Theokesbyri,  &  intravit  campum  nomine 
Gastum. 

Princeps  Edwardus  ibi  occisus. 

Fugientes  occisi  in  ecclesia  de  Theokesbyri. 

Nomina  occisorum  in  bello  Gastiensi  prope  Theokesbyri. 

Edwardus  jyrinceps  sepultus  est  in  monasterio  de  Theokesbiri. 

Dns  Eclmundus  dux  Somerset  captus  8f  decollatus  ac  ibidem 
sepultus. 

Dns  Joannes  de  Somerset,  frater  Edmundi  ditcis,  ibid,  sepult. 

Thomas  Courteney  comes  Devonise  ibidem  sejndtus. 

Dns  de  Wenlok  cujus  corpus  alio  ad  sepidturam  travslatum  est. 


276  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Humfredus  Handeley  decapitatus  cum  Thoma   Courteney,  Sf 
una  cum  eo  sepultus. 

Edmundus  Hauarde  miles. 

Gulielmus  Wichingham  miles. 

Joannes  Delves  senior  occisus  campo  &  Joannes  Delves  ejus 
fi'ius  decapitatus  ibidem,  una  sepulti,  alio  postea  translati. 

Joannes  Leukenor  miles  occisus  campo  &  pi-ope  Delvios  sepultus. 

Gul.  Yaulz  miles  campo  occisus  Sf  ibidem  sepultus. 

Gervasius  Clifton  captus  &  decollatus  ac  ibid,  sepidtus. 

Gul.  Car  Sf  Henricus  Ros  milites  capti  Sf  decapitati.  Sepulti 
in  coemiterio  de  Theokesbyri. 

Thomas  Tressam  miles  captus  Sf  decapitatus  ac  ibidem  sepultus. 

Gul.  Lirmouthe,  Joannes  Urinan,  Thomas  Semar,  Gul.  Rowys 
milites  campo  occisi  Sf  ibidem  sepulti  in  coemiterio. 

Gul.  Newborow  miles  captus  Sf  decollatus,  ac  ibidem  sepultus. 

Henricus  Wateley  armiger  occisus  Sf  ibidem  sepidtus. 

Henricus  Barow  armiger  occisus  &  ibidem  sepultus. 

Felding  armiger  occisus  &  ibidem  sepultus. 

Joannes  Gower  ensiger  principis  Eduardi,  Joannes  Flore  sig- 
nifer  ducis  Somerset,  Henricus  Tresham,  Gualterus  Courteney, 
Robertus  Acton  capti  Sf  decollati. 

Prior  S.  Joannis  Londini  captus  Sf  decollatus,  cujus  corpus  Lon- 
dinum  ad  suos  delatum  est. 

Donati  vita  ab  Eduardo  rege. 
Margareta  regina. 
Anna  uxor  Eduardi  principis  occisi. 
Fosterus  [Fortescue]  ])'>'inius  Justitiarius  Anglian. 
Doctor  Makerel,  Joannes  Throghmerton,  Baynton,  Wrougton. 
Hugo  Courteney  captus  &  postea  decollatus. 

* 
Maner  Places  longging  to  the  Abbate  of  Theokesbyri. 
Stanwey  was  almost  reedified  and  augmentid  by  Abbate  Chel- 
tenliam  tempore  Henrici  7. 

Fordehampto7i  a  faire  Place  apon  Severne  in  dextra  ripa  a  Mile 
beneth  Theokesbyri  and  agayn  the  Parke  of  Theokesbyri  standing 
in  laiva  ripa. 

The  Maner  Place  in  Theokesbyn  Park  with  the  Parke  was  lette 


Leland  ix  Gloucestershire.  i277 

by  Henry  the  7.  to  thabbot  of  Theo&eabyri  yn  Fee  Ferme  with  the 
Holme  wher  the  Castel  was. 

Tlieokesbyri. 

It  standith  in  Iceva  ripa  Avonce  a  good  flite  Shot  above  the 
Confluence  of  Avon  and  Severne. 

Ther  is  a  greate  Bridge  of  Stone  at  the  Northe  Ende  of  the 
Towne,  and  ther  a  litle  above  the  Bridge  Avon  brekith  into  2. 
Amies.  Yet  the  Bridge  is  so  larc;e  that  both  cum  under  it.  The 
right  Arme  cummith  into  Severne  with  yn  a  flite  Shot  of  the 
Bridge,  and  at  the  Pointe  of  this  Arme  is  the  Towne  Key  for 
Shippes  caullid  Picardes. 

The  other  Arme  cummith  downe  by  the  Side  of  the  Towne 
and  the  Abbay,  leving  it  on  the  Este,  and  so  passing  harde  ther 
by  Holme  Castelle  goith  into  Severne. 

Ther  is  a  litle  Broke  caullid  Suliet  dimming  downe  from 
Clive,  and  enterith  into  Avon  at  Holme  Castelle  by  the  lifte  Ripe 
of  it.  This  at  sodayn  Raynes  is  a  very  wyldc  Brooke,  and  is  fedde 
with  Water  faulling  from  the  Hilles  therby. 

Ther  be  3.  Streates  yn  the  Towne  meating  at  the  Market 
Crosse,  wherof  the  chifiest  is  caullid  the  High  Strete.  Ther  was 
no  other  Paroche  Chirch  yn  the  Town  but  the  Weste  Ende  of  the 
Abbay  Chirche. 

King  John  beyng  Erie  of  Glocester  by  his  Wife  caussid  the 
Bridge  of  Twekesbyri  to  be  made  of  Stone.  He  that  was  put  in 
truste  to  do  it  first  made  a  Stone  Bridge  over  the  grete  Poure  of 
booth  the  Amies  by  North  and  Weste  :  and  after  to  spcde  and 
spare  mony  he  made  at  the  Northe  Ende  a  Wodde  Bridge  of  a 
greate  Lenght  for  sodeyne  Lande  Waters,  putting  the  Residew  of 
the  Mony  to  making  of  the  Castel  of  Hanley  on  the  Inheritaunce 
of  the  Erledom  of  Glocester. 

King  John  gave  to  the  Mayntenaunce  of  this  Bridge  the  hole 
Tolle  of  the  Wensday  and  Saturday  Marketes  in  the  Towne,  the 
which  they  yet  possesse,  turnyng  it  rather  holely  to  their  owne 
Profite  then  Reparation  of  the  Bridge. 

Ther  was  at  the  South  West  Ende  of  the  Abbay  a  Castel 
caullid  Holme.  The  tyme  of  the  Building  of  it  is  oncerteyne.  It 
is  certeyne  that  the  Clares  Erles  of  Glocester,  and  especially  the 
redde  Erie,  lay  much  at  Holme. 

The  redde  Erie  much  trobelid  S.  Thomas  of  Hereforde. 

There  hath  beene  yn  tyme  of  mynd  sum  Partes  of  the  Castel 


278  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

standing.  Now  sum  Ruines  of  the  Botoms  of  "Waulles  appere. 
Now  it  is  caullid  Holme  Hylle. 

George  Duke  of  Clarence  Brother  to  King  Edward  had  thought 

to  have  brought  Avon  aboute  the  Toune  and  to  have  enlarged  the 

Town. 

There  was  litle  or  no  Habitation  at  Odo   and    Dodo   gave  to 

Twekesbyri  at  such  tyme  as  Odo   and         Theohesbyri  Staneway  cum 

Docfo  Dukes  of  M< erches  and  Brothers  dyd         membris,  videlicet   Tading- 

erecte  there  a  Priory  of    Blak  Monkes         ton,    Prestecote    et   DidcoU. 

Benedictines,  a  Celle  or  Filial  to  Crane-         Thracy    now     dwellith     at 

burne  in  Dorsetshir.     After  in  the  later         Staneway. 

Reyne  of  the  Danes  and  Edivarde  the  Confessor  was  jEilwerdus 
Meaw  Erie  of  Glocester,  and  he  was  countid  as  Founder  of  Crane- 
burne. 

Ailwerdus  had  a  Sunne  caullid  Brictrice  Erie  of  Gloceter 
aboute  the  tyme  of  the  Camming  of  Duke  Wylliam  of  Normandie 
ynto  England.  Matildis  Wife  to  Wylliam  Conqueror  askid  Bic- 
trice  yn  Gifte  of  her  Husband,  and  having  hym  put  hym  yn  the 
Castelle  of  Ilanley  beside  Saresbyri,  and  there  he  dyed.  Sum  say 
that  Matildis  wold  have  had  hym  afore  Duke  William  to  her 
Husband,  but  [he]  refusing  it  had  after  hard  Favor  at  her  Handes. 
Kins:  William  crave  the  Prseferrement  of  the  Counte  of  Glocester 
onto  his  Wif  Matilde.  After  it  cam  to  Robert  Fitz  Haymo  of  the 
Blode  of  Duke  Bollo  Nephew  onto  King  William  Conqueror. 

This  Robert  Fitz  Haymo  made  the  Priorie  of  Theohesbyri  and 
Abbay,  making  Cranburne  but  a  Celle  onto  it,  and  translating  the 
chief  Landes  of  Cranburne  to  his  Monasterie. 

Robert  Fitz  Haymo  was  buried  at  Tivekesbyri,  firste  in  the 
Chapitre  House,  after  translatid  into  the  North  Syde  of  the  Quier 
yn  a  Chapelle. 

Epit.  in  camera  Sacelli. 
Sybillay?7m  comitis  Arimtinse  Hie  jacet  'RohevtusJMns  Haymonis 

vallis,     d-    soror    comitis    Salapire     hujus  loci  fundator. 
uxor  fuit  Roberti  filii  Haimonis.  This     Robert     newly    made    the 

Hawisia  uxor  Roberti  Cons.  Buildinges  in    the    Monasterie    and 

Chirch  with  the  Towre. 

Robertus  Consul  ejus  gener  asdijicavit  pyramidem  super  turrim. 

Eobertus   Fitz   Haymo  left  3.  Doughters,  wherof  the  2.  elder 

wher   Nunnes,  one   at  Sheaf tesbyri,  the  other   at   Wileton.     King 

Henry  the  firste  kepte  the  3.  and  she  was  after  maried  to  Robertus 

Consul,  Bastarde   onto  Henry  the  firste,  and  was   Erie   Glocester. 


Lelaxd  in  Gloucestershire.  279 

He  buildid  the  Castelle  of  Bristow  or  the  most  "parte  of  it.  Every 
Man  sayith  that  he  buildid  the  great  square  Stone  Dungeon,  and 
that  the  Stones  therof  cam  oute  of  Cane  in  JYormandie,  and  like 
wise  the  Stones  of  the  Toure  of  Theukesbyri  Chirche. 

Bobertus  consul  was  buried  at  8.  James  Priory  in  Brightstow, 

Bobertus  consul  had  a  Sunne  caullid  Wylliam  that  was  Erie 
after  hym. 

Wylliam  had  2.  Snnnes,  Roberte  and  Roger.  Roberte  dyed 
young.  Roger  was  a  Preste  and  Bishop.  Wylliam.  caussid  his 
Sunne  Roberte  to  be  buried  at  Cainsham  then  a  smaule  Priory, 
and  after  he  newly  repayred  and  endowed  it,  making  it  an  Abbay 
of  Canons  Regular. 

Wylliam  dyed  yn  Brightestow  Castel,  and  wylled  to  be  buried 
by  his  Father  at  S.  James  :  but  he  was  prively  conveyid  by  night 
onto  Cainsham,  and  had  gyven  the  hole  Lordeship  of  Marschefel 
onto  Cainsham,1  and  impropriate  the  Benefice  therof  onto  S.  James 
Priory,  and  the  Benefice  consequently  cam  to  Theokesbyri. 

Wylliam.  had  3.  Doughters,  wherof  one  was  made  [maried]  to 
Almarike  a  Britaine,  and  he  was  the  Erie  of  Glocester  for  a  6. 
Yeres. 

John  Brother  to  Richard  the  fyrst  maried  a  nother,  and  by  her 
he  was  Erie  of  Glocestre.  King  John  had  no  Issue  by  her,  and 
kept  her  but  a  yere,  and  so  repudiating  her  toke  to  Wife  the  Erie 
of  Herefordes  Doughter,  and  reteynid  yn  his  Handes  the  Toun 
and  the  Castelle  of  Brightestow  within  the  Hundrede  of  Berton 
lying  in  Glocestershir  hard  by  Brightstow  as  byttwixt  the  Forest 
of  Kingeswod  and  it  :  and  so  it  hath  syns  stil  remaynid  yn  the 
Kinoes  Handes. 

King  Johns  Wife  repudiated  was  after  maried  to  the  Erie  of... 
[to  Geffry  de  Magnavilla  Erie  of  Essex.] 

Clare  [Richard  Clare]  mailed  a  nother  of  the  Doughters  of 
Wylliam.  Erie  of  Glocester  and  was  Erie  of  Glocestre. 

Gilbertus  I8.  Sun  to  Richarde  the  first  was  Erie  of  Glocestre. 

This  Gdberte  was  buried  in  the  Quier  at  Theokesbyri. 

Gilbertus  the  firste  had  Richard  the  2.  Erie  of  Glocester,  and 
was  buried  in  the  Quier  of  Tewkesbyri,  on  the  right  Hond  of  his 
Father,  and  there  lay  his  Image  yn  Sylver. 

Richard  the  2.  had  Gilberte  the  secunde,  communely  caullyd 

the  redde  Yerle  by  cause  his  Body  was  of  a  very  ruddy  and  blody 

Color.     He  delte  hardely  with  the  Monkes  of   Twekesbyri,  and 

1  There  was,  as  it  is  sayde,  a  Nunnery  at  Marschefdde.  Note  by  Leland. 


280 


Transactions  foe  the  Year  1S89-90. 


tooke  away  the  giftes  of  Gilberte  the  firste  his  Grand-father.  He 
was  buried  on  the  lifte  Hand  of  Gilbert  the  first  his  Grand-father. 
Gilbert  the  2.  had  Gilbert  the  3.  and  he  was  Erie  of  Glocester, 
and  restorid  to  the  Monasterie  of  Tioeukesbyri  such  Things  as  his 
Father  had  taken  away.  He  was  slayne  at  the  Batail  of  Strive- 
line  yn  Scottelande,  and  was  buried  on  the  lifte  Hand  of  his 
Father. 

Gilberte  the  3.  had  John  that  died  yn  his  Infancie,  and  was 
buried  in  a  Chapel  of  our  Lady  at  Tewkesbyry. 

This  Gilberte  the  3.  dyed  in  the  23.  Yeres  of  his  Age  muche 
lamentid,    by    cause    he   was  a  good    Man.      He    had    3.  Sisters 
Doughtters  onto  the  Redde  Erie. 
Wherof  Eleanore  the  eldeste  was  maried 
onto  Hugh   Spencer  the   2.  Sun  to  Hugh 
Spencer  Erie  of  Winchester,  and  by  her  was 
Erie  of  Glocester,  and  was  beheddid  and 

quarterid  at  Hereford  est and  one  of 

the  Quarters  of   hym  was  buried  by  the 
lavatory  of  the   High    Altare  in  Twekes- 

byry.   A  nother  was  maried  to  Da ley, 

and  by  that  Line  in  Processe  one  of  the 
Audeleys  was  Erie  of  Glocester. 

After  this  the  Landes  beyng  disperkelid  Thomas  of  Wodestoke 
the  v.  Sunne  of  Edwarde  the  3.  was  made  Duke  of  Glocester. 

Then  was   after   Humfrey  Sunne  to  Henry  the  4.  Duke  of 
Glocester. 

After  this  was  Richard  Brother  to  Edwarde  the  4.  Duke  of 
Glocester. 


Edwarde  Sun  to  Hugh 
Spensar  the  3. had  Thomas, 
and  he  was  made  Erie  of 
Glocester  by  Richarde  the 
2.  wich  Thorn  is  had  to 
WiieConstancetho  Douirh- 
ter  of  Edmunde  Lavyeley 
Duke  of  Yorke. 


Okington  Park  longing  onto  Sr. 
William  Berkeley  not  far  from 
Over. 

Loke  wither  Maurice  wher  not 

first   caullyd    Barkeley  and  thenne 
Graunte1  a  loco  tantum  natalinm. 

There  is  a  Quarre  of  good  Stone 
at  Beverstane,  unde  nomen  ex  con- 
jectura. 

John  Lorcle  Barkeley  was 
Batelle  of  Potters.     After  he 
Losses  of  the  French  Men. 
1  Leg.  Qaunte.    Hearn's  note. 


Over  now  longging  to  old  Sr. 
William  Barke'ey  was  of  the 
oldeLandes  of  the  Lorde  Barkeley. 

The  Lordeship  of  Beverstane 
was  firste  the  Barkeleys. 

Maurice  de  Gaunte  was  Lorde 

of  Beverstane  Castelle  by  Tette- 

byry.       One    of    the     Barke'cys 

bought  it. 

wondid  and  taken,  as  sum  say,  at  the 

was  redemed  and  wel  recoverid  his 


LELAND   IN   GLonCESTKHSlIIRE.  281 

One  of  the  Barkeleys,  that  is  to  say  the  greate  Graund-facler  of 
Syr  William  Berkeley,  had  yn  Mariage  the  hole  Lordship  of  Betis- 
tre  in  Hampshir,  mariyng  the  Doughter  and  Heir  of  Betistre. 

MISCELLANEOUS  NOTES. 
Vol.  iii.  p.  116. 

Thingges  notid  apon  the  Book  of  Bath. 
JEhestun,  alias  Olvestoun,  in  Glocestreshire  16.  Miles  out  of  Bath 

almost  on  Severn. 

Cold  jEschetnn  4.  Miles  out  of  Bath  playne  North. 
(The  rest  of  the  extracts  relate  to  Somerset). 

Vol.  vi.  pp.  18.  20. 

Palmer  of  Lemington  in  the  very  Egge  of  Glocetre  a  3.  Miles 
from  Rolleriche  Stones  cummith  oute  of  the  aforesaid  House  of 
the  Palmers  of  Warioikshire. 

He  began  first  with  a  very  smaul  Portion  of  Lande  :  and  being 
a  Galant  Felow,  and  elothid  in  migtie  Colowrs,  got  a  riche  Widow 
in  Lemington  Ton  to  Wife,  a  80.  yeres  or  more  hens  :  and  sins 
there  hath  plantid  themselves,  and  buildid  a  faire  House,  and 
bought  faire  Landes  to  it.  He  that  now  hath  it  maried  one  of  the 
Gravilles  Dowghters  of  Milcot. 

There  is  a  bigge  Stone  a  3.  Miles  West  from  Rolleriche  Stones ; 
and  standith  yn  a  Hethe,  bering  the  Name  of  Barton,  a  Village 
+1ierby  longging  to  Mr.  Palmer.  This  Stone  is  a  very  Marke  or 
Limes  of  Glocestre,  Wicestre,  Warwike  and  Ox/ordeshires. 

And  Palmer's  Sun  told  me,  that  this  Stone  of  certente  is  the 
Marke,  and  not  Rolleriche  Stones. 


-> 


Godrike  of  Pyrtoun  in  Glocestreshire  within  a  Mile  and  a  di.  of 
Gloces're  Toune  is  of  an  auncient  House,  and  hath  at  this  tyme 
a  100.  Marke  of  Land  by  yere. 

Wyse. 

Wy  dwellith  at  Lipiate  beyond  Cirercestre  towarde  Tetbyri. 

Whiteney  a  Gentilman  of  a  300.  Markes  Landes  by  the  yere 
dwellith  at  Lecumbe  in  G locestreshir  a  litle  from  Stow  yn  the  Wold. 

There  is  in  those  Quarters  a  Village  caullid  Wynderusch  :  and 
so  is  the  Ryver  of  Whiteney  cuminunely  caullid. 

Vol.  vi.  p.  35. 
Sum  say  that  there  is  a  Manor  Place  in  Glocestrcthire  lately 


282  Transactions  for  the  Year  ISS9-90. 

caullid  Tresham  Haule,  or  a  like  Name,  and  that  by  likelyhod 
that  should  be  the  auncientest  House  of  the  Treshams. 

Vol.  vi.  pp.  53.  54.  » 

There  remainith  yet  the  Name  of  a  Manor  Place  in  Glocestershir 
caullid  Felton,  and  the  Owner  of  it  bare  the  same  Name  and  was  a 
Noble  Man  of  Warre,  and  one  of  the  Band  of  Chaundoys.  I 
think  that  this  is  the  Felton  that  the  French  Booke  caullid  Seal  a 
Chronicha  spekith  of  whom  a  Lady  Heyre  to  the  Clares  Erles  of 
Glocestre  toke  to  her  secunde  Husband  per  amours. 


The  first  Nobilitating  of  the  Barkleis  of  Heron  was  about  the 
tyme  of  Henry  the  first  or  secunde.  And  then  bare  they  not  the 
name  of  Barkeley,  but  Fitz  Harding,  wherof  one  namid  Robert  was 
a  Noble  man.  And  in  Processe  the  Fitzltardinyes  maried_with  the 
Heyres  Generales  of  Barkeley  of  Dourseley  :  and  so  the  Name  of 
Barkeleys  was  taken  of  them  and  continuid. 


The  Name  of  Points,  otherwise  of  sum  written  Pontz,  is  very 
auncient,  and  supposid  to  be  one  of  them  that  cam  yn  with 
William  Conqueror,  or  straite  apon  the  Conqueste. 

Pontz  of  Glocestre  cam  owte  of  a  House  of  a  Youngger  Brother 
of  Sutton  Pontz,  and  they  had  by  Heire  General  of  one  Fitz  Nicol 
or  Nicholas  a  yongger  Sunne  of  one  of  the  Barkeleys  a  goodly 
Lordship  caullid  Hidle,  and  communely  Hille,  standing  on  the 
hither  Ripe  of  Sever ne.  This  Lordeship  was  gyven  owte  of  the 
Berkeleys  Landes. 

And  they  had  after  by  Heyres  Generales  of  Acton  the  Lorde- 
ship of  Acton. 

Vol.  viii.  p.  49. 
Ex  annalibus,  autore  incerto. 

Anno  Dom.  1101.  Wintonia  conflagravit  16.  Call.  Jun. 

Eodem  anno  13.  Call.  Jun.  Glocestria  cum  monasterio  arsit. 

Anno  Dom.  1121.  Glocestria?  pars  magna  iterum  cum  monas- 
terio arsit. 

Anno  Dom.  1151.  fundata  est  abbat :  de  Morgan  a  Roberto 
comite  Glocestrise. 

Anno  Dom.  1158.  Gul.  comes  Glocestria?  captus  est  in  castello 
de  Cairdif  ab  Wallis. 

Anno  Domini  1166.  obiit  J&obertus  jilius  Gul.  comitis  Glocestria?. 

Anno  Dom.  1216.  Gilbertus  de  Clare  suscepit  2s.  comit:  Glocester 
<£•  Herford:  quorum  heres  fiiit. 


Leland  in  Gloucestershire.  283 

p.  57. 
Palatia  episcopi  Herfonden. 

Prestebijri  5.  Miles  from  Glocester  hard  by  CUfe.  Ther  is  a  Parke 

hard  by  Prestebijri. 

p.  60. 
Ex  vita  Robertl  de  Betune  episcopi  Herefunden :  auctore  Gul. 
Priore  Lantonensi  ad  Reginaldum  Weneloke. 

Robertus  ad  se  accersivit  convention  Canon:  Lanhondensiura  & 
aliquanto  tempore  in  suis  cedibus  aluit.  Interim  qucesivit  [Inter 
inquestivit]  $  invenit  eis  locum  habitationis  apud  Glocestriam  sub 
Milone  Constabulario. 

Expensas  dedit  ad  cedificandum.  Secundo  anno  transtulit  illuc 

conventum.    Ad  supplementum  quoque  subsidii  dedit  eis  eccl.  duas 

Frome  <&  Brestebyri. 

Vol.  vi.  p.  44  &  seq. 

Ex  libro  Donationeni  Monaster,  de  Kingeswod. 

Gul.  de  Barkeley  dedit  Abbatice  de  Tinterne  Kinggeswood  ad 
fundandem  ibi  Abbatiam. 

Illi  de  Kingeswood  emerunt  Haseldene  a  Dno  de  S.  Joanne,  cui 
rex  hanc  terrain  tempore  [dederat]  hustilitatis.  nam  erat  Peginaldi 
de  S.Walerico. 

Reginaldus  de  S.  Walerico  suis  restitutio  terris  abegit  monachos 
de  Haseldene.  Postea  autem  recipit  eos,  &  pars  major  conventus  de 
Kinffseswood  translata  est  ad  Haselden. 

Postea  propter  aquce penuriam  Reg.  de  S.Walerico  transtulit  eos 
ah  Haselden  ad  Tettebyri. 

Rogerua  Bai-keley  filius  Gul.  Berkeley  conabatur  aut  reducere 
monachos  de  Tettebyri  ad  Kingeswood,  aut  Kingeswood  eis  auferre 
tanquam  suum  fundum. 

Bernardus  de  S.  Walerico  fuudator  ecclesia  de  Tettebyri  emit 
Mireford  prope  Kingeswod  a  Rogcro  Barkeley,  Sf  eo,  quia  Tettebyri 
ligni  copia  carebat,  monachos  transtulit. 

Reg.  Barkeley  dedit  manerium  suum  de  Acholte  monaster.  S. 
Maria3  de  Kingeswod. 

Henricus  Lovel  testis. 


Robertus  de  Berkeley  Jilius  Roberti  cle  Berkeley. 
Philippus  &  Olivarius  fratres  Roberti  junioris. 

Testis  Rogerus  Comes  Herford. 


Hawisia  uxor  Dni  de  Veel. 

Nicolaus  Kingeston  miles. 

Charta  Matildis  de  Veel  uxoris  Gaufridi  de  Veel. 


284  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

Robertus  cle  Veeljilius  Gaufridi. 

Gaufride  de  Wrokeshal  miles. 

Joannes  Chansy  miles. 

Petrus  de  Veel  miles. 

•Joannes  de  Welington  miles. 

Thomas  de  Veel  miles  films  Petri. 

Gul.  de  Bradelega.  [Hugo  de  Bradelega.] 

Duddelegh  pratum. 

Manerium  de  Hakesbyri. 

Manerium  de  Acholt,  alios  tvingeswood. 

Thomas  de  S.  Walerico  Bernardi  filins. 

Robertus  de  la  Mare. 

Bitnes 
Charta  abbatis  de  Bethlesden  de  terra  in  villa  Chirington. 

Joannes  de  Warimunde. 

Isabella  de  Longo-campo  uxor  Gaufredi  de  Longo-campo  filia 

Henrici  de  Mineriis. 

Reginaldus  de  Breuse. 

Gul.   Butevilayne. 

Humfredus  de  Bohun  comes  Herford  ^  constabularius  Angl. 

Elizabeth  de  Gamages. 

Walterus  de  Esselega. 

Humfridus  de  Barre  [le  Barre.] 

Humfredus  Bohun  comes  Herford  £  Essex. 

Gul.  de  Breuse. 

Gul.  de  Breuse  junior. 

Richardus  de  Br-euse^/iZms  Gul. 

Petrus  de  Bruse  filius  Gul. 

Alduphus  de  Tettebyri 

Rogerus  Hereuard. 

Henricus  le  Moyne. 

Richai'dus  Passelew. 

Joannes  de  Breuse. 

Thomas  de  Planca. 

Petrus  de  Iwelege. 

Rogerus  filivs  Philippi  de  Berkeley. 

Robertus  Jilius  Nigelli. 

Calicote  villa. 

Simon  de  Olpenne. 

Henricus  Berkeley  Diis  de  Dursley. 

Manasserus  de  Hastinges. 

Delabere. 

Robertus  de  Rochefrt. 


The  Liber  Niger.  2S5 


REMARKS  ON  THE  LIBER  NIGER,  OR  BLACK  BOOK, 
OF  THE  EXCHEQUER. 

By  SIR  HENRY  BARKLY,  K.C.B.,  G.C.M.G., 

Certificates  from  the  King's  Gloucestershire  Tenants  in 
capite,  in  12th  Henry  II.,  as  to  the  number  of  Knights'  fees 
holden  of  them,  or  held  by  them,  in  that  county. 

The  Prelates,  Earls,  and  Barons,  throughout  England,  had 
been  enjoined  by  Royal  Letters  Patent  to  send  in,  on  or  before 
the  first  Friday  in  Lent1  (17th  March),  1166,  Returns  shewing 
how  many  Knights  they  had  of  the  old  feoffment  (i.e.  of  the  time 
of  Hen.  I.) ;  how  many  of  the  new  (i.e.  made  since  that  monarch's 
death)  ;  and  how  many  upon  their  Demesne.2 

It  has  usually  been  taken  for  granted  that  this  was  done  in 
view  of  the  levy  of  the  Aid  to  which  King  Henry  II.  would 
become  entitled  on  the  marriage  of  his  eldest  daughter.  That 
event,  however,  did  not  take  place  till  nearly  three  years  later  •  3 
and  as  the  Aid  then  was  not  collected  on  the  lines  laid  down  in 
the  Proclamation  above  cited,4  it  is  fair  to  suppose  there  were 
other  reasons  for  the  step,  and  that  it  was  in  fact  the  natural 
sequel  of  fiscal  changes  which  had  been  for  some  time  in  progress. 

When  it  is  considered  indeed  that  well  nigh  a  century  had 
elapsed  since  the  lands  of  the  kingdom  had  been  redistributed 
after  the  Conquest :  that  sweeping  forfeitures  among  the  Norman 
grantees  had   followed  the  accessions  both  of  Rufus  and  of  his 

1  We  are  indebted  to  the  late  Mr.  Eyton  for  discovering  this  date. 

2  No  copy  of  the  Writ  is  extant,  but  its  language  may  be  inferred  from 
that  of  some  of  the  replies.  (See  Certificates  of  Robert  de  Brinton,  referred 
to  by  Dr.  Stubbs.— Select  Charters,  p.  264. 

3  Princess  Maud  was  married  on  13th  October,  116S,  being  even  then 
only  eleven  years  of  age,  while  her  bridegroom,  Henry  the  Lion,  Duke  of 
Saxony,  was  nearly  fifty.   (See  Anderson's  Genealogies). 

4  It  will  be  shown  hereafter  that  in  Gloucestershire  the  payments  only 
accorded  precisely  in  three  cases  out  of  ten. 

Vol/XlV.  u 


286  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

brother  :  and  that  during  the  protracted  civil  war  between  Stephen 
and  the  Empress  further  transfers  and  partitions  of  fiefs  had 
occurred ;  it  may  readily  be  conceived  that  the  old  hidage  valuations 
recorded  in  Domesday  had  in  many  cases  become  inapplicable, 
and  that  a  fresh  Register  of  Holdings  was  much  needed,  especially 
when  the  levy  of  Danegheld  was  about  to  be  discontinued,1  and  a 
new  mode  of  assessment  adopted.  Without  entering  into  the 
vexed  question  of  the  exact  date  at  which  the  Feudal  System,  in 
its  entirety,  was  introduced  into  England,2  it  cannot  be  doubted 
that  the  feoffments  made  on  so  large  a  scale  under  Henry  I. 
through  which  a  great  proportion  of  the  Domesday  sub-Tenants, 
or  their  successors,  had  been  confirmed  in  their  holdings  on 
undertaking  to  perform  definite  amounts  of  military  service; 
coupled  with  the  still  more  recent  commutation  of  such  service 
into  money  payments,  under  the  name  of  Scutage  ;  marked  epochs 
of  considerable  importance  in  the  establishment  of  that  system  in 
this  country. 

A  great  increase,  moreover,  in  the  number  of  such  feoffments 
had  taken  place  during  Stephen's  reign,  with  the  object  mainly 
of  enhancing  the  fighting  strength  of  rival  Barons,  and  it  must 
have  become  all  the  more  desirable  for  the  Exchequer  to  acquire 
reliable  information  on  the  present  disposition  of  lands  held  of  the 
King,  so  that  none  might  escape  their  share  of  feudal  burdens. 
This  Avas  all  the  more  necessary  because  the  first  attempt  at  rating 
Tenants  in  capite  for  Scutage  on  such  portion  of  their  fiefs  as  they 
retained  in  hand,  seems  to  have  been  opposed  as  an  innovation,3 

1  According  to  Dr.  Stubbs,  Danegheld  was  imposed  for  the  last  time  in 
1168.  It  is  a  curious  fact  that  the  tax  is  only  twice  alluded  to  in  these 
Returns  of  two  years  prior  date. 

2  It  is  impossible  to  draw  a  hard  and  fast  line  on  the  subject.  In  one  of 
these  Returns  (Liber  Niger,  Vol.  I.,  p.  96)  lands  are  said  to  have  been  given 
in  King  William's  time  to  a  brother  "  that  he  might,  if  necessary,  do  the 
service  of  one  knight."  Whilst  as  regards  Scutayes,  Madox,  when  quoting 
Alexander  de  Swereford's  assertion  "that  he  had  never  heard  nor  seen  an 
account  of  anymore  ancient  than  the  reign  of  Henry  II.,"  expresses  his  own 
belief  nevertheless  that  they  were  leviedj  since  remission  therefrom  is 
granted  in  Deeds  of  the  time  of  Henry  I. 

3  For  example,  Humphrey  de  Bohun  ends  his  certificate  by  declaring 
"  for  all  his  Demesne,  and  for  these  9£  Knights  because  they  are  enfeoffed  in 
his  Demesne,  he  owes  the  King  no  service  except  that  of  his  body  (nisi  de 
corpore  suo). — Liber  Niger,  Vol.  I.,  p.  3. 


The  Liber  Nigek.  287 

though  they  could  not  of  course  deny  their  liability  to  personal 
service  in  respect  thereof.  I  think  that  this  is  the  only  inference 
that  can  be  drawn  from  several  of  the  certificates,  as  well  as  from 
the  accounts  of  the  earlier  scutage  which  have  come  down  to  us. 
In  the  first  of  these  on  record  (2nd  Henry  II.)  tbe  prelates  alone 
appear  as  contributing  20s.  per  fee,  for  the  army  of  Wales  :  in  the 
second  (5th  Henry  II.)  for  the  same  object  at  the  rate  of  2  marks 
per  fee,  the  sheriff  renders  account — not  for  the  prelates  only — 
but  for  the  knights  of  their  counties  :  in  the  third,  (7th  Hen.  II.) 
levied  at  the  same  rate  for  the  army  of  Toulouse,  the  Barons  as 
well  as  the  prelates  are  entered  as  contributing, — but  in  respect 
only  of  their  knights,  (I  speak  especially  of  Gloucestershire  l)  and 
the  same  thing  is  seen  in  the  fourth  (8th  Henry  II.),- — it  not 
being  until  the  next  scutage,  of  14th  Hen.  II.  (levied  on  the  basis 
of  these  very  Returns  of  the  12th)  that  the  barons  paid  for  all 
fees  whether  in  their  own  occupation  or  not. 

The  original  Certificates  of  1166  have  (with  two  exceptions)2 
long  since  disappeared,  tTut  transcripts  made  early  in  the  13th 
century,  were  fortunately  entered,  along  with  copies  of  other 
important  documents,  in  registers  known  from  the  colour  of  their 
respective  bindings,  as  the  Liber  Rubeus  and  Liber  Niger,  or  Red, 
and  Black,  Books  of  the  Exchequer,  both  of  which  still  exist  at 
the  Public  Record  Office.  The  transcript  in  the  former,  as  we 
learn  from  a  memorandum  therein,  dated  in  1230,  owed  its  origin 
to  Alexander  de  Swereford,  then  a  clerk  in  the  department,3  who 
having  found,  as  he  tells  us,  during  his  early  period  of  service  in 
King  John's  reign,  these  important  public  instruments  in  disorder, 
had  arranged  them  according  to  counties,  and  "  gathered  them 
together  in  one  volume."4  This  he  subsequently  had  copied  into 
the  Red  Book,  no  doubt  for  facility  of  reference,  since  250  parch- 

1  Proofs  will  be  adduced  when  I  come  to  deal  with  the  Certificates. 

2  Consult  "  Notes  on  the  MSS.  exhibited  at  H.M.  Public  Record  Office 
at  the  Domesday  Commemoration."  I  presume  the  Certificate  of  Hilary, 
Bp.  of  Chicester,  known  to  Dugdale,  Madox  and  others,  is  one. 

3  He  became  one  of  the  Barons  of  the  Exchequer  in  1234,  and  so  continued 
till  his  death  in  1245  (See  Madox  History  of  the  Exchequer). 

4  "in  unum  recollegi  volumen." 

U   2 


•288  Transactions  fok  the  Yeak  1889-90. 

tnent  certificates,  with  seals  appendant,  must  have  been  bulky  and 
inconvenient  for  searchers. 

The  early  history  of  the  Black  Book  is  not  recorded,  but  I  can 
come  to  no  other  conclusion,  after  a  careful  comparison  of  the 
Transcript  of  the  Certificates  of  1166  which  it  contains,  than  that 
this  was  not  copied  from  that  in  the  Red  Book,  but  in  all  pro- 
bability from  a  common  original,  perhaps  twenty  or  thirty  years 
previously,  for  the  use  of  the  King's  Remembrancer,  to  whose'office 
the  Black  Book  always  belonged.  The  counties  follow  in  both  in 
the  same  order,  and  the  arrangement  of  the  Barons'  "  Cartse,"  from 
first  to  last,  is  the  same,  whilst  similar  additions  and  interpolations 
occur  in  each.1  In  the  Black  Book,  however,  the  latter  are  more 
undisguised,  and  are  not  introduced  under  explanatory  headings 
as  is  usually  the  case  with  the  Red. 

Hearne,  who  early  in  the  last  century,  published  two  editions 
of  the  "  Liber  Niger2 — not  from  the  original  but  from  incorrect 
MSS.,  declared  it  to  be  "  worth  its  weight  in  gold,"  and  to  contain, 
"with  the  exception  of  Domesday,  the  most  ancient  List  of  the 
Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  of  England."  This,  so  far,  is  undeniable, 
but  nevertheless  that  list  is  extremely  imperfect,  owing  not  merely 
to  the  absence  in  many  cases  of  Returns,  and  to  the  omission  in  some 
of  those  sent  in  of  the  names  of  the  sub-tenants,  but  still  more  to 
the  want  of  that  systematic  arrangement  which  distinguishes  the 
record  of  the  Great  Survey.  Instead  of  the  manors  held  by  every 
tenant  in  capite  in  each  county  being,  as  in  that,  grouped  together 
under  one  heading,  his  certificate  embraces  his  entire  holding 
wherever  situated,  often  with  no  indication  as  to  counties,  and 
without  the  least  information  as  to  the  manors  comprised  therein. 
True  these  Certificates  were  afterwards  roughly  classified  at  the 
Exchequer,  according  to  the  particular  county  in  which  the  head 

1  Not  to  multiply  examples,  Fiefs,  are  in  three  passages  at  least,  expressly 
stated  to  have  been  "  of  the  gift  of  King  Richard."  Hearne  was,  of  course, 
aware  of  this,  for  he  remarks  in  his  Preface  "Nee  tanem  asseveraverim 
Librum  integrum  Mvi  esse  Henrici  II.  Paucula  enim  Bacardi  I.,  Joannis 
imo,  et  Henrici  III.  awum  olent,"  but  he  did  not  take  the  trouble,  in  cases 
where  the  anachronisms  do  not  plainly  show  themselves  in  the  text,  to  direct 
attention  to  them  by  footnotes. 

2  "  Liber  Niger  Scaccarii  parvus,"  to  give  its  full  title,  as  there  were 
others  so  called  in  the  Exchequer  Library. 


The  Liber  Niger.  289 

of  the  Barony  was  supposed  to  be,  but  sub-feoffees  in  Gloucester- 
shire, for  example,  have  to  be  sought  under  Middlesex  or  under 
Derbyshire,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  the  result  is  a  very  consider- 
able amount  of  doubt  and  confusion.  The  inconvenience  with 
respect  to  Gloucestershire  may  be  judged  by  the  fact,  that  whereas 
Domesday  specifies  the  holding  of  no  less  than  25  ecclesiastical 
and  52  lay  tenants  in  capite  (excluding  the  King's  thanes  from 
the  latter)  certificates  from  only  1  prelate,  1  earl,  and  8  barons, 
are  given  under  the  county  in  the  Liber  Niger,  the  others,  if 
they  exist,  being  scattered  about  elsewhere. 

My  translation  of  these  Certificates  has  been  made  from  an 
edition  of  Hearne's  work  printed  in  London  in  1774,  doubtful 
readings  having  been  collated  with  the  original  transcripts  at  the 
Public  Record  Office. 

The  single  Ecclesiastical  Returns  runs  as  follows  : 
(1)  Certificate  l  of  the  Abbey  of  Winchcombf. 

The  church  of  Winchcombe  has  one  fee  of  the  old  feoffment, 
and  all  these  hold  that  feoffment.'2 

1  Roger  de  Dichesdon.3  7  Roger  de  Hela. 

2  William  de  Beauchamp.4       8  William  de  Morin. 

3  William  de  Scireburne.  9  Simon  de  Chulunces. 

4  Jordan  de  Brochampton.      10  William  de  Dunetrope.5 

5  Azo  de  Wenrich.  1 1   Gilbert  de  Froulinton. 

6  Nicholas  de  Toning'.  12  Hugh  de  Redeford. 

13  William  de  Chiveleia. 

1  Carta,  the  word  used  throughout  in  the  Latin,  is  rendered  '  Cartel '  by 
Dr,  Stubbs  ;  and  '  Charter '  in  the  Record  Office  Pamphlet,  but  in  modern 
acceptation  neither  seems  applicable.  I  prefer  '  Certificate '  as  denoting 
the  real  nature  of  the  Returns,  which  are  referred  to  in  both  the  Red  and 
Black  Books  as  "  Certificationes  factte  per  Prelatos  et  Barones." 

2  This  does  not,  I  fancy,  mean  that  they  held  in  community,  but  merely 
that  they  had  to  furnish  the  service  of  one  knight  between  them  or  pay  in 
proportion  to  the  extent  of  their  holdings  in  the  fee  :  a  not  uncommon 
arrangement  with  ecclesiastical  fiefs. 

3  Probably  Dixton,  a  parish  in  Monmouthshire. 

4  Presumably  the  great  Worcestershire  Baron,  who  seems  to  have  been 
a  sort  of  champion  general  of  church  lands,  holding  1  fee  of  the  Abbot  of 
Pershore  of  the  church  ;  and  half  a  fee  at  Evesham  "  at  the  cost  of  the 
Abbot,"  besides  7  fees  of  the  Abbot  of  Westminster  in  Worcestershire  ; 
and  15  fees  of  the  Bishopric  of  Worcester. 

5  A  William  Dunetrope  appears  as  holding  a  knight's  fee  in  Kent  of 
Walter  Maminot  (Vol.  I.,  p.  58). 


290  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Of  the  new  feoffment — 

14  Humphrey  de  Scireburn  holds  one  hide.     And  upon  the 
demesnes x  1  knight's  fee. 

Several  of  these  sub-tenants  took  their  names  from  manors 
held  by  the  abbey  at  Domesday,  e.g.  Sherborne,  Windrush,  and 
Froulinton.  The  lands  it  then  possessed  extended  in  the  aggregate 
to  73  hides,  but  it  is  added  that  "  in  the  time  of  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor "  the  Church  defended  itself  for  60  hides  in  the  county." 
It  would  appear  to  have  still  made  good  its  claim  to  such  exemp- 
tion, for  the  two  manors  for  which  it  paid  scutage  in  after  years 
were,  as  we  know,2  Cow  Honiburn  and  Adelminton,  set  down  in 
the  Survey  as  containing  13  hides.  In  all  probability  these  con- 
stituted the  2  fees  plus  1  hide  included  in  their  Return. 

It  only  remains  to  add  that  they  paid  2  marks  towards  the 
aid  of  1168,  or  for  precisely  two  hides,  nothing  being  charged 
for  the  fraction. 

It  is  strange  that  there  is  no  certificate  for  the  Abbey  of 
Gloucester,  but  it  was  excused  in  1168  for  paying  for  56  fees  of 
the  old  feoffment.  Tewkesbury  Abbey  was  no  doubt  answered 
for  by  its  patron,  the  Earl  of  Gloucester,  whilst  Cirencester  held 
by  a  fee-farm  rent. 

Immediately  following  the  certificate  of  the  Abbey  of  Winch- 
combe, — without  even  a  dividing  line,  or  heading  of  any  sort  3 — 
comes,  in  Hearne's  edition  of  the  Liber  Niger, 

"  William  Marshal,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  owes  65£  knights  of 
the  Honour  of  Striguil." 

"  The  same  owes  2  knights  for  Castle  Goderich." 

"The  same  owes  for  Pembroke." 

As  the  first  William  Marshall  was  not  created  Earl  of  Pem- 
broke until  June,  1199,  this  notice  must  have  been  added  after 
that  date  in  the  Exchequer  Registers  as  a  memorandum  that  the 

1  "Super  dominia  "— as  enquired  by  the  King's  writ.  I  am  not,  how- 
ever, quite  sure  of  the  force  of  "Super"  in  this  connection.  May  it  not 
have  meant  "  over  and  above  "  their  demesne  lands,  which  they  held  to  be 
exempt  ? 

2  See  Trans.  B.  and  G.  Arch.  Soc,  Vol.  XII.,  p  41  -Paper  on  Testa  de 
Nevill. 

3  In  the  original  Black  Book,  however,  two  lines  on  the  ruled  parchment 
are  left  blank  above  this  entry.  In  the  Red  Book  it  is  introduced  under  the 
descriptive  title — "  Novum  appositum  de  honore  de  Striguil." 


The  Lieek  Niger.  291 

honours  in  question  ought  to  be  accounted  for  in  Gloucestershire,1 
although  only  three  manors  pertaining  to  them :  Badgworth, 
Stonehouse,  and  Daglingworth,  were  situated  in  that  county. 
The  verbs  being  in  the  present  tense,  these  interpolations  cannot, 
however,  have  been  made  later  than  1231,  when  the  second  and 
last  William  Marshal,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  died,  consequently 
within  a  very  few  years  of  the  time  when  the  certificates  of  1166 
were  entered.  2 

(2)  The  second  Certificate  is  therefore  properly  that  of  William, 
Earl  of  Gloucester,  which  begins — 

"  This  is  the  Roll  of  the  Knights  of  William  Earl  of  Glou- 
cester, without  his  knights  of  Kent :  "  3 

1.  Jordanus  Sorus  owes  for        -         -         -         15  knights. 

2.  Robert  de  Mara -         -         -         10  knights. 

3  Walter  de  Clavill  -         -         -         -         10  knights. 

4  William,  son  of  Robert,  son  of  Roger     -  10  knights. 

1  In  the  returns  for  the  Aid  of  1233,  the  then  Earl  Marshal  is  rated  at 
65A  fees  of  the  Honours  of  Striguil  and  Castle  Goderich.-  Trans.  B.  and  G. 
Arch.  Soc.,  Vol.  XIII,  p.  350,  Testa  de  Nevill. 

2  In  the  Red  Book  the  handwriting  of  the  entry  seems  identical  with 
that  of  the  rest  of  the  original  Codex  of  1230,  and  in  the  Black  Book  I  can 
detect  little  difference  either  in  the  handwriting  or  the  ink,  in  this  particular 
case,  although  in  most  of  the  other  interpolations  there  is  evident  dis- 
crepancy. 

3  It  is  not  apparent  why  a  separate  return  was  made  for  Kent,  where 
the  Earl  (as  shown  at  page  53  of  this  volume)  had  only  15  knights,  holding 
22f  fees.  In  the  West  he  held  not  alone  in  the  county  from  which  he  took 
his  title,  but  in  Herefordshire,  Worcestershire,  Somersetshire,  Devonshire, 
Dorsetshire,  Wiltshire,  Berkshire,  and  Oxfordshire,  and  probably  in  other 
counties,  his  fees  in  all  of  which  must  be  included  under  the  heading  of 
"Gloucestershire,"  in  this  Roll.  As  regards  those  in  Wales,  two  of  his 
knights  (Nos.  39  and  40)  are  expressly  stated  to  hold  there,  and  I  am  not 
sure  that  those  said  to  hold  a  "  Ounlion,"  65,  66,  67,  should  not  be  in  Caerleon, 
but  as  pointed  out  by  Air.  G.  T.  Clarke  (Arch.  Journal,  Vol.  34,  p.  1),  the 
Honour  of  Glamorgan,  inherited  from  Robert  Fitz  Hamon,  his  maternal 
grandfather,  and  comprising  about  40  fees  is  not  included.  The  sum  of 
those  under  the  old  feoffment,  which  is  left  blank  in  the  Roll,  amounts  to 
256^,  which  with  13^  under  the  new,  makes  a  total  of  270.  Of  these  I 
doubt  whether  as  many  as  a  fourth  were  in  the  County  of  Gloucester,  but 
no  sufficient  data  exist  for  arriving  at  a  decision,  the  indications  as  to 
localities,  or  names  of  the  manors  held,  being  few  and  far  between. 

In  1221  the  then  Earl  of  Gloucester,  Gilbert  de  Clare,  was  assessed  upon 
332  carcuages  in  that  county,  which  allowing  5  carcucates  for  a  fee,  would 
represent  66  fees. 


292 


Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 


5  Elias  aureis  testiculis     -         -         -         -         10  knights. 

6  William,  son  of  John     -         -         -         -         10  knights. 

7  Richard  de  St.  Quentin         -         -         -         10  knights. 

8  Gilbert  de  Umfraville  ...  9  knights. 

9  The  fief  which  was  Robert  de  Gornays  - 

10  The  son  of  William,  son  of  Baldwin     - 

1 1  Robert  de  Maisy  .... 

12  The  fisf  which  was  Richard  de  Grenvilles 

13  Adam  de  Sumeri         .... 

14  The  fee  which  was  Helias  de  Dicton's 

15  and    Gregory  has   the  7th,    as   was   adjudged   before 
Robert  Earl  of  Gloucester. 

16  Roger  Witeng(ham  1)  ... 

17  Ponce,  son  of  Simon 

18  Robert  de  Reini  .... 

19  John  Eskelin         - 

20  Roger  Waspail      - 

21  The  fief  which  was  Geoffrey  de  Clinton's 

22  Walter  de  Caisneio        .... 

23  Geoffrey  de  Traili  .... 

24  The  son  of  Henry  de  Pomeroy 

25  Richard  de  Guiz    ----- 

26  William  de  London       .... 

27  William  de  Nerbert       .... 

28  Elias  de  Clifton  .... 

29  Roger  de  Jelesdona       .... 

30  Roger  de  Berkeley         .... 

31  Alexander  de  Montfort 

32  The  fief  of  Walter,  son  of  Raamer 

33  Robert  Lagahit     ----- 

34  The  fief  which  was  Geoffrey  de  Ragensfords  !  1  knight 

35  The  fief  which  was  Walter  de  Fered2     - 

36  William  de  Einsford      -         -         -         - 

37  Roger  de  Winton  .... 

38  The  son  of  Richard  Walensis3 

1  Stanawsford  in  Red  Book.  -  Faringdon  ? 

8  WaloTi  in  Red  Book.     Valoniis? 


9  knights. 
9  knights. 
9  knights. 
9  knights. 
7  knights. 
6  knights. 


7  knights. 

8  knights. 
5  knights. 

4  knights. 

5  knights. 
5  knights. 
5  knights. 

4  knights. 

1  knight. 

5  knights. 
4  knights. 
4  knights. 
3  knights. 
3  knights. 

2  knights. 
2  knights. 
2  knights, 
-g  knight. 


1  knight. 
1  knight. 
1  knight. 
1  knight. 


The  Liber  Niger. 


293 


39  Roger,  son  of  Herlowin 

40  William  de  Cardiff 


in  Wales   -         l£  knights. 
1  knight,  and  in  Wales  £  = 
1J  knights. 


41  Roger  de  Rodolic  .... 

42  William,  son  of  Odo  the  Goldsmith 

43  Roger  de  Kimbis  .... 

44  Gilbert  de  Walberg       .... 

45  The  fief  of  William  de  Hocton 

46  Hugh  Wake,  of  the  land  which  Baldwin  fitz  Gilbert 


1£  knights. 
1  knight. 
1  knight, 
■g-  knight. 
1  knight. 


held 

47  William,  son  of  Hervey 

48  Elias  de  Torneberia 1     - 

49  William  Chamberlain  of  London  - 

50  Nicholas  fitz  Harding 

51  William  de  Clivedon 

52  Simon  de  Nuveton  2       ...         - 

53  The  fief  which  was  Ruald  Croc's 

54  Roger  de  Villiers  .... 

55  Robert  de  Bolevill         .... 

56  Gilbert  de  Grenemare    - 

57  Hugh  de  Hamtonford   -         -         -         - 

58  Laudomar     ------ 

59  Gilbert  de  Furnesham  - 

60  Roger  de  Berkerol 

61  Wermond  de  Pormont  - 

62  Richard  de  Marci  - 

63  Ralph  de  Marci  - 

64  Maurice  de  Totenham  - 

65  William,  son  of  Robert         in  Gunlion 

66  Azo,  brother  of  Leomer         in  the  same 

67  Roger,  son  of  Malger  in  Gunlion 

68  Herbert  fitz  Herbert,  the  Chamberlain 

69  Roger  de  Bereguall       - 

70  Robert  for  the  land  which  was  William  Torneants 

1  knight 

71  Luke,  the  King's  butler 
1  Thornbury  !  -  Newington. 


1  knight. 
1  knight. 
1  knight. 
1  knight. 
1  knight. 
1  knight, 
li  knight. 
1  knight. 

1  knight. 

2  knights. 

2  knights. 
1  knight. 
1  knight. 
1  knight. 
1  knight. 
\  knight. 
4  knights. 

3  knights. 
3  knights. 
£  knight. 
\  knight. 
\  knight. 


\  knight. 
\  knight. 


1  knight. 


294  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

72  Milo  de  Cogan 2  knights. 

73  Of  the  fief  which  was  Robert  Norensis  2  knights. 

74  Osbert  tie  Pennard        -         ...  1  knight. 

75  Robert  de  Constantini  -         -         -  1  knight. 

76  Of  the  fief  which  was  Richard  Foliots,  which  Robert, 
son  of  Richard,  holds  4  knights. 

77  Osbert  de  Winchelsea  -         -         -  1  knight. 

78  Jordan  de  Capnun,  of  Umberley  and  Betinton  2  knights. 
And  his  other  knights  are  already  written  in  this  Roll. 
The  sum  total  of  these  knights        -         -         -         (blank). 

These  written  below  are  of  the  New  Feoffment  of  Demesne — 

79  Hamo,  son  of  Geoffrey,  attorns  himself  for  the  Demesne. 

80  Hugo  de  Gunnovill  do.  do. 

81  William  de  Hastings  do.  do. 

82  Robert  de  Grainvill  of  the  Demesne 

83  William  de  Bosco  do. 

84  Gregory  de  Turri  do. 

85  Roger  de  Mannavill  do. 

86  Fulk  fitz  Warine  do. 

87  Philip  de  Chahaines1  .... 

88  Gerbodus2 

89  Peter  de  Salso  Marisco  3    -  £  knight. 

90  Richard  de  Chardi  4  ....  a.  knight. 

91  Hamelin  de  Gunnoville 5    -  1  knight. 

The  sum  total  of  those  newly  enfeoffed  is  13^  knight. 

As  the  only  Feodary  extant  of  the  original  Honour  of  Glou- 
cester, prior  to  the  incorporation  therewith  of  the  great  heritage 
of  the  de  Clares,  the  foregoing  List  is  of  much  interest,  and  I  have 
felt  bound  to  insert  it  at  full  length.  It  throws  less  light  than 
could  be  desired  on  the  early  history  of  the  county,  the  names  of 
the  feoffees  being  arranged,  without  reference  to  locality,  according 
to  the  number  of  fees  held.  Representatives,  however,  of  families 
which  long  continued  to  be  of  distinction  in  Gloucestershire  may 
here  and  there  be  noted,  as  I  proceed  to  point  out. 

1  Cahaignes  ?  2  Gerboldus  in  Red  Book.         3  Saltmarsh, 

4  Chairdyl  in  Red  Book.         5  Gundcville  in  Red  Book. 


for  3  knights. 

1  knight. 

^  knight. 

£  knight. 

|  knight. 

1  knight. 

|  knight. 

^  knight. 

Thk  Liber  Niger.  295 

1 .  Jordan  Sorus,  who  heads  the  list  with  1 5  fees,  enough  to 
have  constituted  a  fair  sized  barony,  was  presumably  son  of  Odo 
Soi*,  who  is  mentioned  as  one  of  Fitz  Ramon's  companions  in  his 
Welsh  expedition.  He,  no  doubt,  derived  his  second  appellation 
from  his  complexion,  since  the  word  "sorus"  meant  "  reddish." 
It  affords  no  clue  to  his  ancestry,  but  his  descendants,  under  the 
surname  of  "  Le  Sor,"  long  continued  to  reside  in  Gloucestershire. 
In  3rd  John  (1201)  John  le  Sor  paid  36s.  in  that  county  in  con- 
nection with  14  fees  which  he  held  of  the  Honour  of  Gloucester, 
then  in  possession  of  that  King.2  At  the  time  of  Kirby's  Quest 
(1287)  another  John  le  Soer  is  recorded  as  holding  a  knight's  fee 
at  Auricone  3  (Alvington  1)  in  the  Manor  of  Fairford,  from  the 
then  Earl  of  Gloucester  •  whilst  in  20th  Edward  III.  (1356)  the 
heirs  of  a  John  le  Ser  are  given  as  having  a  right  to  the  same 
manor  ;  another  bearer  of  the  name  appearing  as  paying  aid  for 
the  fifth  of  a  fee  in  Shenindon,  Tewkesbury  Hundred,  "  which 
Symunda,  daughter  of  John  le  Ser,  had  formerly  held."  4 

2  Robert  de  Mara,  who  is  second  on  the  list,  with  10  knights' 
fees,  represented  a  yet  more  distinguished  Gloucestershire  House, 
for  he  was  grandson  of  William  de  Mara,  whom  Walter  of 
Gloucester,  the  Constable,  styles  "Nephew,"5  and  to  whom 
large  grants  were  made,  both  by  him  and  by  Robert,  Earl  of 
Gloucester,  the  latter  including  2\  fees  in  Rendcombe,6  where 
the  De  la  Mares,  his  posterity,  long  flourished. 

7  Richard  de  St.  Quentin,  who  also  had  10  knights,  held 
chiefly  in  Wiltshire,  but  in  all  probability  one  of  his  fees  was  in 
Gloucestershire,  since  his  descendant,  Herbert  de  St.  Quentin,  is 
found  at  the  date  of  Kirby's  Quest  holding  one  in  East  Leach  of 
the  Honour  of  Gloucester. 

1  From  Italian  "Sauro";  French  "Satire,"  e.g.  "  Harengs  Satires"— 
"Red  Herrings."  In  English  commonly  applied  to  a  hawk  with  its  first 
year's  plumage,  i.e.  a  sore-falcon. 

2  Rot.  de  oblatis  et  finibns  in  anno. 

3  Trans.  B   &  G.  Arch.  Soc,  Vol.  XI.,  pp.  2S4  and  201. 

4  Trans.  B.  &  G.  Arch.  Soc,  Vol.  X.,  p.  291 

5  See  Vol.  X.  of  Pipe  Roll  Society,  edited  by  Horace  Round,  Esq.,  No. 
11,  circa  1123. 

6  See  ditto,  No.  43. 


296  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

11  One  at  least  of  the  9  fees  of  Robert  de  Maisi,  was  like- 
wise there,  the  Hampton-Meysey  to  which  he  gave  his  name.1 
I  doubt,  however,  whether  the  Robert  de  Gourney  who  precedes 
him,  and  who  is  unnoticed  in  Dudgdale's  Pedigree,  had  acquired 
a  footing  in  the  county  at  so  early  a  date. 

17  Ponce,  son  of  Simon,  rests  on  sure  ground  as  ancestor  of 
the  Poyntz  family,  and  we  know  that  his  8  fees  were  in  the 
county  of  Gloucester,  1  at  Tockington,  and  7  at  Hailes.2 

Other  equally  well-known  surnames  may  be  cited,  as 

28  Elias  de  Clifton,  one  of  whose  three  fees  was  the  Glou- 
cestershire manor  from  which  he  got  his  name,  Roger  de 
Berkeley,  whose  two  fees  consisted  of  that  portion  of  Dodington, 
and  other  lands,  which  his  grandfather  held  at  Domesday  of  Bishop 
Geoffrey  of  Coutances,  whose  possessions  merged  in  the  Honour 
of  Gloucester  :  (38)  the  son  of  Richard  Walensis  (Walsh)  whose 
fee  was  in  Winterbourne  : 3  (40)  Walter  of  Cardiff,  who  held 
the  manor  of  Walton  Cardiff,  Gloucestershire,  besides  the  half 
fee  in  Wales  whence  his  name  was  derived  ;  and  (48)  Elias  of 
Thornbury,  whose  surname  indicates  whereabouts  he  held — while 
not  to  dwell  on  (50)  Simon  de  Newington  ;  (54)  Roger  de  Villiers  ; 
and  others  as  to  the  situation  of  whose  fees  there  is  no  certainty, 
the  list  of  knights  of  the  old  feoffment  winds  up  with  (78) 
Jordan  de  Caprun  (written  Cap?^^t?^,  I  think  by  mistake),  of  whom 
it  is  stated  expressly  that  he  held  in  Amberley 4  and  in  Botin- 
tune,  5  where  his  posterity  cannot  long  have  remained,  as  both 
were  in  other  hands  in  the  early  part  of  Henry  III.'s  reign. 

The  knights  of  the  new  feoffment  all  held  of  the  Demesne, 
but  whether  Earl  William  or  his  father  had  enfeoffed  them  is  not 
stated.     After  the  names  of  the  first,  and  the  second,  in  Hearne's 

1  See  Trans.  B.  and  G.  Arch.  Society,  Vol.  XIV.,  p.  35. 

2  See  Sir  John  Maclean's  "  Memoir  of  the  Family  of  Poyntz,"  pp.  6  and 
28,  and  his  account  of  Tockington. — Trans.  B.  and  G.  Arch.  Soc,  Vol.  XL, 
p.  24. 

3  Testa  de  Nevill.— See  Trans.  B.  and  G.  Arch.  Soc,  Vol.  XII.,  p.  28. 

4  A  dependency  of  Minchinhampton,  held  by  the  Earl  of  Gloucester. — 
Vide  Atkyns. 

5  Belonged  to  Te  kesbury,  but  held  of  the  Honour  of  Gloucester. — 
Atkyns. 


The  Liber  Niger.  297 

work,  se  alto  de  dominio,  is  printed,  which  he,  distrusting  the 
MSS.  he  had  to  use,  suggested  in  foot  notes  should  be  taken  to 
mean  "tenet  iii  m  de  Dominio,"  but  I  was  very  much  surprised 
to  discover  on  reference  to  the  original  "  Liber  Niger,"  that  the 
version  he  followed  was  correct,  and  that  it  is  confirmed  too  by 
the  text  of  the  original  Liber  Rubeus.  There  can  be  no  doubt 
that  the  contraction  "  alto "  in  both  should  be,  atto,  i.e. 
"  a^ornavit,"  a  common  enough  feudal  term  for  "undertaking 
to  perform  military  service,"  but  the  strange  thing  is  that  the 
scribes  of  the  13th  century  should  have  made  such  a  slip  of  the 
pen,  especially  as  they  had  in  a  previous  passage,  in  the  certifi- 
cate of  the  Earl  of  Arundel  (p.  65),  written  the  word  at  full 
length.1  I  can  only  suppose  that  this  part  of  the  roll  of  knights 
of  the  Honour  of  Gloucester  had  become  somewhat  undecipher- 
able, and  I  am  confirmed  in  this  idea  by  a  further  error  which 
occurs  in  the  Red  Book  (though  not  in  the  Black),  after  the 
name  of  the  third  knight,  William  de  Hastings,  where  "se  tercio 
mil"  follows, — "  attornavit "  being  omitted,  and  the  third  part 
of  a  fee  assigned,  instead  of  the  three  fees — as  in  the  Black 
Book— which  he  is  known  to  have  held.  These  fees  were  in 
Southrop  and  Farmington,  and  not  long  afterwards  were,  with 
two  other  fees,  in  Eaton,  Berks,  and  Westwell,  Oxon,  formed  into 
the  barony  of  Eaton  Hastings,  held  direct  from  the  Crown.2 

79  Hamo,  son  of  Geoffrey,  and  80 — Hugh  de  Gundeville, 
whose  holdings  are  not  stated  in  the  Certificate,  must,  to  make 
up  the  13|  fees  given  as  a  total  at  the  end,  have  had  between  them 
4|  fees.  I  know  nothing  of  the  former  :  but  there  was  in  the 
service  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  about  this  time,  a  Hugh  de 
Gundeville,  who  became  afterwards  a  man  of  some  consequence, 
being  Sheriff  of  Hants  in  22nd,  and  of  Devon  in  23rd,  Henry  II. 
Others  of  the  family  3  will  be  found  holding  lands  of  Gloucester- 
shire lords  in   1166,  and  it  seems  probable  that  both  Hugh  and 

1  Et  Rex  Hemicus  dedit  de  sue-  dominio,  quod  Comes  attornavit  ad 
servicium  militarc,  silicet,  &c.,  &c. ,  &c. 

-  See  Testa  de  Nevill.— Trans.  B.  &  G.  Arch.  Soc,  Vol.  XII.,  p.  22. 

3  A  sister  of  Hugh  de  Gundeville's  appears  on  the  Gloucestershire  Pipe 
Roll  at  this  date,  as  having  an  annual  allowance  of  15  shillings  from  Winter- 
burn  by  the  King's  gift. 


298  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Hamelin  de  Gundeville  (91),  whose  name  closes  the  Roll,  belonged 
to  the  county. 

In  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  another  Hugh  de  Gundeville  ap- 
pears as  a  burgess  of  Campden,  which  is  confirmatory.  (William 
de  Bosco  (83),  Philip  de  Cahaignes  (87),  and  Peter  de  Salt- 
marsh  (89),  bear  Gloucestershire  names),  though  I  cannot  identify 
them,  but  Fulk  Fitz  Warine  (86)  is  a  well-known  personage, 
though  I  am  not  sure  what  he  held  of  the  Honour  of  Gloucester. 
His  knights'  fee  in  Alveston  was  always  included  on  the  Pipe 
Roll  of  the  county  among  "  lands  given,"  £10,  at  which  it  was 
valued,  being  deducted  from  the  ferm  of  the  sheriff  on  that 
account ; l  but  it  is  possible  that  at  this  period  it  may  have  been 
reckoned  on  the    Roll  of  the  Earl,   as    Fulk   made   no   return 

of  his  own. 

The  sum  of  fees  under  the  old  feoffment  is  left  blank,  but  it 
will  be  found  on  adding  up  the  holdings  of  the  78  knights,  that 
they  amounted  to  256  £,  which,  with  the  13|  held  under  the 
new,  by  the  13  knights  named,  makes  a  total  of  270.  In  the 
account  of  the  receipts  for  the  aid  of  14th  Henry  II.,  however, 
the  Earl  of  Gloucester  is  set  down  as  paying  for  26H  only,  no 
reason  being  given  for  his  being  thus  excused  payment  for  8|  fees. 

The  Certificates  of  the  Barons  follow  next,  for  though  at 
Domesday  there  were  three  Earls  connected  with  the  county, 
their  small  holdings  are  not  noticed.  The  Manor  of  Hampton 
(Maisi),  then  held  by  Earl  Roger  (of  Shrewsbury),  had,  in  fact, 
after  the  forfeiture  of  his  son,  Hugh  de  Montgomeri,  under 
Rufus,  been  included  in  the  Honour  of  Gloucester  :  the  two  hides 
in  Longborough,  then  held  by  the  Earl  of  Moretain,  had  in  like 
manner  been  confiscated  on  his  son's  rebellion  by  Henry  I., 
whilst,  although  the  Manors  of  Campden  and  of  Bisley  were  still 
in  possession  of  another  Earl  Hugh  (of  Chester),  (not,  however, 
through  descent),  no  return  was  sent  in  for  any  of  the  fees  of 
his  earldom  in  1166. 

Presumably  the  Baronial  Returns  stand  in  the  order  in  which 
the  originals  were  arranged  by  Alexander  de  Swereford  at  the 
commencement  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

i  The  entry  appears  on  the  Pipe  Roll  for  Gloucestershiie,  however,  in 
this  very  year,  but  so  likewise  does  the  £14  to  Walter  de  Ashley,  whose  fee, 
nevertheless,  is  returned  among  Margaret  de  Bohun's  knights. 


The  Liber  Niger. 


299 


1 
2 

H 
i 


(3)  Certificate  op  Roger  de  Berchley. 
Let  my  Lord  the  King  know,   that  I,  Roger  de  Berchley, 
have   two   knights   and   a   half  enfeoffed    of   the   old    feoffment, 
whereof, 

1  Michael  holds 

2  William,  son  of  Baldwin 

3  Helyas  de  Boivill  -         -         -         - 

4  Hugh  de  Planta 

and  from  these  you  have  an  entire  knight. 

For  making  up  the  half — 

5  Ralph  de  Yweley 

6  The  wife  of  Ralph  Cantilene 

7  Roger  de  Albamara 

8  Simon  de  Coveley 

9  The  Prior  of  Stanley 
and  here  you  have  half  a  knight. 
For  making  up  another  knight — 

10  Walter  de  Holecumbe  holds 

11  Gerard  - 

12  Reginald  de  Albamara  - 
And  so  these  three  hold  10  hides,  whereof  they  are  unwilling  to 

do  service  to  me  except  for  3  virgates,  viz.,  each  for  1   virgate, 
and  so1  you  have  two  knights  and  a  half  enfeoffed. 

No  new  one  have  I  enfeoffed  in  my  time. 

If  it  be  pleasing  to  your  mind  to  hear  about  my  demesne,2 
In  my  Manor  of  Cobbei-ley  I  have  two  knights'  fees. 
At  Stanley  ?  one  knight's  fee,  with  one  hide  at  Codrington.4 
In  Niveton  5  I  have  one  knight's  fee. 

1  The  reasoning  is  unintelligible,  10  hides  would  have  equalled  2  fees, 
but  3  virgates  were  less  than  the  sixth  of  1  fee.  I  suppose  some  compromise 
had  been  previously  arranged,  for  Roger  had  paid  for  2h  fees  in  7th  Hen.  II. 

2  Roger  de  Berkeley  apparently  enters  a  sort  of  mild  protest  against  the 
enquiry  as  to  his  demesne  lands. 

3  Stanley  St.  Leonard's,  where  the  second  Roger  had  founded  a  priory. 

4  Codrington,  in  the  Manor  of  Wapley,  which  had  been  given  to  Malmes- 
bury  Abbey  by  the  de  Berkeleys,  excepting  this  single  hide. 

5  Newington-Bagpath. 


hide 
hides 
hides 
hide 


^  hide. 
I  hide. 
1  virgate. 
1  virgate. 
1  virgate. 


3^  hides. 
3-J  hides. 
3  hides. 


300  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

In  Dursele  one  hide. 

In  Osleworda 1  half  a  hide. 

In  Duddinton  2  three  hides  and  a  half. 

In  Slimbrigge  3  three  hides,  which  I,  with  your  assent,  gave  to 

Maurice,  son  of  Robert,  whence  I  have  no  service. 
Kingswood,  the  white  monks,4  hold  of  the  gift  of  William  de 
Berckley,  for  which  I  do  you  an  entire  knight's  service,  al- 
though they  wish  to  do  none.  Farewell.  5 
Not  a  few  of  the  barons  address  the  King  as  their  "  dearest 
Lord"  or  "most  beloved  Lord,"  but  the  foregoing  somewhat 
brusque  epistle  recalls,  and  confirms  incidentally  in  several  re- 
spects, what  is  known  from  other  sources  of  the  history  of  the 
writer,  the  third  Roger  de  Berkeley,  who,  for  alleged  luke- 
warmness  on  behalf  of  Henry  when  struggling  for  the  throne,  had 
been  deprived  of  the  ferm  of  the  Royal  Manor  of  Berkeley,  as 
held  by  his  father  and  grandfather,  although  allowed  to  retain 
lands  pertaining  to  it  in  demesne  equivalent  to  about  3  knights' 
fees,  in  addition  to  the  2^  wherein  the  second  Roger  had  granted 
the  aforementioned  feoffments;  which  5  J  fees,  together  with  the 
Manors  of  Coberley,  Codrington,  and  Dodington,  held  in  capite  by 
his  Domesday  predecessors,  constituted  the  Barony  of  Dursley.1 

His  first  complaint  is,  naturally  enough,  as  to  the  refusal  of 
three  of  his  old  tenants— no  doubt  in  consequence  of  the  for- 
feitures he  had  incurred — to  do  the  full  service  they  owed  for 
their  lands.  Such  renunciations  were  common  after  the  war,  and 
he  seems  to  refer  to  a  sort  of  compromise  on  his  own  part  with 
the  Crown,  as  he  only  debits  himself  with  1  knight  in  respect  of 
the  10  hides  in  dispute,  which  ordinarily  would  represent  2  fees. 

1  Oselworth. 

2  Dodington,  one  of  the  Domesday  manors  of  the  first  Roger. 

3  Slimbridge,  the  marriage  portion  brought  by  Alice,  Roger's  daughter, 
to  her  husband  Maurice,  Robert  fitz  Harding's  eldest  son. 

4  Cistercians. 

5  Hearne's  MSS.  is  at  fault  here.  There  is  no  "  Valete"  either  in  the 
Black  or  Red  Book,  the  words  being  "  nullum  servitium  facere  volvnt." 

6  See  Smyth's  "Lives  of  the  Berkeleys,"  edited  by  Sir  John  Maclean; 
also  "The  Earlier  House  of  Berkeley. "—Trans.  B.  &  G.  Arch.  Soc,  Vol. 
VIII.,  p.  193. 


The  Liber  Niger.  301 

His  second  allusion  is  to  the  3  hides  in  Slimbridge  given  with  the 
King's  assent  (he  might  have  written  at  his  suggestion)  to  Maurice 
son  of  Robert  (Fitz  Harding)  who  had  married  his  daughter,  from 
which  he  had  no  service  ;  whilst  his  last  grievance  was  the  old 
'  story  of  the  knight's  fee  in  Kingswood  given  for  the  endowment 
of  the  Cistercian  Abbey  thereon  by  his  cousin  William  de  Berkeley 
without  his  concurrence,  a  gift  which  formed  the  subject  of  a  long 
controversy  described  in  the  Kingswood  Register.1 

Little  need  be  said  of  Roger's  feofees,  whose  holdings  were 
small,  and  none  of  whom  belonged  to  families  of  consequence,  save 
perhaps  (7  and  12)  the  Albemarles.  (4)  Hugh  de  Planca,  and  (5) 
Ralph  de  Uley,  had  been  among  his  sureties  in  the  covenant  with 
Robert  Fitz  Harding  in  1154,  whilst  (8)  Simon  de  Cowley  is  said 
to  have  been  a  relative  of  the  latter.  The  fact  of  the  Prior  of 
Stanley  (9)  holding  under  the  old  feoffment,  proves  the  foundation 
of  that  House  during  the  reign  of  Henry  I.,  whereas  the  gift  to 
Kingswood  Abbey  (which  is  known  to  have  been  founded  in  1139) 
is  included  at  the  end,  among  the  new. 

Besides  the  1\  fees  of  the  old  feoffment,  for  which  the  assess- 
ment of  scutage  seems,  as  I  have  remarked,  to  have  been  previously 
adjusted,  Roger  de  Berkeley  admits  in  this  Certificate  holding  5 
fees,  plus  9  hides,  or  close  on  2  fees  more,  in  demesne,  making  a 
total  of  9^-  fees.  He  appears  to  have  been  dealt  with  leniently 
regarding  the  latter,  as  he  had  on  the  whole  been  in  respect  to  the 
former  in  1161,  for  we  find  that  he  only  had  in  1168  to  pay  100s., 
or  7 -J-  marks,  for  the  aid  then  levied  at  the  rate  of  a  mark  per  fee. 
If  we  suppose  that  he  was  relieved  of  liability  for  the  3  hides  in 
Slimbridge,  and  for  the  knight's  fee  in  Kingswood,  which  had 
passed  out  of  his  hands,  it  would  go  far  to  account  for  the 
reduction  made.  The  Barony  of  Dursley  continued  to  be  rated  at 
7^  fees  till  the  close  of  the  century. 

(4)  Certificate  of  Margaret  de  Bohun. 
These  knights  has  Margaret  de  Bohun,  who  were  enfeoffed  in 
the  time  of  King  Henry  in  the  fief  of  Milo  of  Gloucester,  her 
father,  which  she  holds  in  capite  of  the  King. 

1  Hugh  parvus,  owes  .  .  4  knights 

2  Philip,  son  of  Ernulf   ...  2  knights 

3  Otoer  de  Sunneworthe  .  .  2  knights 

4  Almaric  de  Lokinton  .  .  1  knight 
1  Monasticon,  Vol.  V.,  p.  424, 

Vol.  XIV.  w 


302  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

5  and  6  Ralph  Chokerel  and  Elyas  his  brother    1  knight 

7  William  de  Pinkeni     ...  1  knight 

8  and  9  Richard  and  Walter  son  of  Robert  1  knight 

10  Richard  St.  Quentin  .  .  i  knight 

11  and  12  Richard  Canute  and  Walter  Moderli    1  knight 

13  Walter  de  Esseleia      ...  1  knight 

14  William  Picard  ...  2  knights 

15  &  16  Gilbert  de  Mineriis  and  Hugh  de  Cumdicot 

§  knight 
Of  these,  Isabel,  wife  of  Henry  of  Hereford  has  5  knights  in 
dower.     These  has  she  (Margaret)  also  infeft 1  in  her  demesnes, 
whom  her  father  and  her  brothers  enfeoffed  after  the   death  of 
King  Henry. 

17  William  de  Cernai       .  ^  knight 

18  William  Torel  in  Cernai 

19  Helyas  de  Kokerel 

20  Roger,  son  of  Alan     . 

21  Richard  Murdac 

On  the  decease  of  Earl  Milo's  five  sons  without  issue,  Margaret, 
as  his  eldest  daughter,  became  heir  to  the  family  honours.  She 
had  for  many  years  been  wife  of  the  third  Humphrey  de  Bohun, 
whose  own  certificate  for  40  knights'  fees  will  be  found  under 
Wiltshire  (Vol.  I.,  page  109).  Berta,  the  second  daughter,  had 
married  Philip  de  Braose,  but  both  she  and  her  husband  had  long 
been  dead,  leaving  William  their  son  and  heir,  who  eventually 
succeeded  to  the  Honour  of  Brecknock,  which  Milo  had  got  from 
his  father-in-law,  Bernard  de  Newmarch.  As  yet,  however,William 
had  to  content  himself  with  the  Honour  of  Barnstaple,  co.  Devon 
('Vol.  I.,  p.  127),  to  which  his  paternal  grandfather  had  acquired 
a  claim,  and  the  only  portion  of  Milo's  inheritance  which  had  come 
to  him  through  his  father  was  2  knights'  fees  which  the  earl  had 
held  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  ;—  Humphrey  de  Bohun  inherit- 
ing another;  (Vol.  I.,  p.  69).  Milo's  third  daughter,  Lucy,  was 
wife  to  Herbert  fitz  Herbert,  Chamberlain  of  Henry  I.,  and  there 
is  a  tradition 1  that  she  brought  him  the  Forest  of  Dean,  which 

1  i.e.   "  These  are  also  enfeoffed  in  Margaret's  demesnes,"  &c,  &e. 


i  knight 

1  knight 

1*  knights 

1  knight 


The  Liber  Nioer.  303 

he  forfeited  later  on,  but  there  is  no  record  in  the  Liber  Niger  of 
his  holding  anything  that  had  been  his  father-in-law's,  except, 
perhaps,  two  fees  in  Hants  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  (67.) 

The  Earldom  of  Hereford  had  been  sequestrated  by  Henry  II. 
upon  the  death  of  Milo's  eldest  son,  Earl  Roger,  in  1155,  and  as 
neither  Walter  nor  Henry,  the  brothers  who  succeeded,  had  held 
it,  Margaret  de  Bohun's  claim  was  not  of  course  admitted,  but 
her  husband,  and  her  son  after  him,  both  of  whom  she  outlived, 
were  allowed  to  exercise  the  office  of  Constable  of  England,  in 
virtue  of  her  tenure  of  the  Manors  of  Haresfield  and  Newnham, 
and  her  grandson,  Henry  de  Bohun,  was  eventually  recognised 
as  earl  by  King  John,  after  he  had  executed  a  renunciation  of 
his  own  rights  over  certain  ancient  demesnes  of  the  Crown, 
which  the  Empress  Maude,  during  her  struggle  for  it,  had  im- 
providently  granted  to  his  great  grandfather. 

Margeret  de  Bohun's  share  of  her  father's  lands  was,  as  set 
forth  in  her  Certificate,  17  fees  of  the  old,  and  3 J  fees  of  the  new 
feoffment. 

The  Domesday  possessions  of  Walter  Fitz  Roger,  Milo's 
father,  in  Gloucestershire,  had  only  consisted  of  22j  hides,  and 
even  with  the  32  hides  in  the  county  held  by  his  granduncle, 
Durand  the  Sheriff,  and  a  small  subsequent  concession  of  the 
lands  of  Chetel,  can  hardly  have  equalled  10  fees. 

It  seems  to  follow,  therefore,  that  at  least  half  Margaret's 
fees  were  outside  the  county,  probably  in  Herefordshire,  or  in 
Wales.  In  the  latter,  Milo's  possessions  had  been  much  aug- 
mented by  the  Honour  of  Abergavenny,  which  his  father,  Walter 
the  Constable,  had  acquired  through  marrying  the  daughter  of 
Hamelin  de  Baalun,  and  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  the  5  fees 
stated  to  be  held  by  Isabel,  widow  of  Henry  de  Hereford,  of  her 
sister-inJaw,  formed  part  of  that  Honour,  seeing  that  in  the 
Cartulary    of    Abergavenny   Priory 2    the    Castle    of    that  place 

1  See  Paper  by  Mr.  Crawley-Boevey,  in  the  Trans.  B.  &  G.  Arch.  Society, 
Vol.  XL,  p.  206.  This  tradition  is  discredited  by  the  fact  that  when  King 
John,  not  contented  with  his  father's  revocation  of  the  gift  of  the  Forest, 
made  by  the  Empress  Maud  to  Earl  Milo,  obtained  a  renunciation  from  the 
heir  of  the  latter,  it  was  from  Henry  de  Bohun  and  not  from  Fitz  Herbert 
that  he  exacted  it. 

-  Monasticon,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  613. 
W  2 


304  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

is  said  to  have  been  settled  on  this  Henry  by  his  grand- 
father nearly  forty  years  before  :  a  story,  however,  which  we 
are  not  bound  to  believe.  That  the  whole  Honour  had  not 
passed  on  Henry's  death,  two  or  three  years  previously,1  to 
his  sisters,  is  clear,  for  it  appears  from  the  Certificate  under 
Herefordshire  (Vol.  I.  p.  153),  of  "  William,  son  of  Reginald  "  (who 
in  the  Red  Book  is  styled  "  de  Baalun  "),  that  it  was  in  the 
King's  hand,  and  was  claimed  by  this  William  as  heir  to  his 
grandfather,  Hamelin  de  Baalun,  or,  as  he  diplomatically  puts  it, 
"  he  would  owe  the  Service  for  it,  if  it  should  be  his  Lord  the  King's 
pleasure." 

Of  Margaret  de  Bohun's  knights  of  the  old  feoffment,  but  few 
are  recognisable  as  connected  with  Gloucestershire. 

No.  1.  Hugh  parvus  may  be  supposed  to  have  been  a  son  of  that 
Roger  parvus  who  stands  as  third  witness  to  Milo's  second  grant 
to  Lanthony  Abbey  in  1139,  and  who  was,  presumably,  the 
"  Roger,  son  of  Richard,"  who  occupies  the  same  position  among 
the  witnesses  to  his  first  grant.  This  does  not  help  us  in  deter- 
mining who  he  was,  or  where  the  4  fees  he  held  were  situated. 
No  family  bearing  the  name  of  Le  Petit,  Little,  or  Small,  was,  so 
far  as  I  am  aware,  domiciled  in  the  12th  century  in  Gloucester- 
shire. 

5  and  6  should  probably  be  Cockerel,  as  Helyas  Kokerel  is 
found  holding  ^  a  fee  under  the  new  feoffment,  and  that  family 
was,  ere  this,  established  in  the  county. 

8.  Richard  de  Blechesdon  bore  likewise  a  well-known  Glou- 
cestershire name,  and  as  the  vill  from  which  he  derived  it  was 
in  Westbury  Hundred,  he  most  likely  occupied  the  half  hide  which 
Durand  at  Domesday  held  there. 

10.  The  St.  Quintins,  as  we  have  seen,  held  of  the  Honour 
of  Gloucester,  and  probably  Richard's  half  fee  adjoined  his  East- 
leach  Manor. 

1  The  name  of  Henry  de  Hereford  occurs  on  the  Gloucestershire  Pipe 
Rolls  of  1162-3,  but  not  later.  Maihel  de  Hereford  succeeded  him,  for  he 
confirmed  Henry's  donation  to  Brecknock  Abbey,  but  he  must  have  died 
after  very  brief  occupation.  I  find  no  evidence  that  William  de  Hereford, 
the  youngest  and  wickedest  of  the  five  brothers,  lived  to  inherit. 


The  Liber  Niger.  305 

13.  Walter  de  Ashley  held  the  manor  of  that  name  in  the 
parish  of  Charlton  Kings,  Cheltenham,  of  the  gift  of  Earl  Milo.1 

15.  Gilbert  de  Miners  appears  on  the  Pipe  Roll  of  31st  Henry  I. 
as  accounting  for  the  Pleas  of  Milo  of  Gloucester,  in  whose 
service  he  must  have  been,  and  his  name  is  found  in  1166  not 
only  here,  as  holding  under  his  daughter,  but  under  the  Bishop 
of  Worcester,  and  the  Archbishop  of  York,  both  of  whom,  it 
must  be  borne  in  mind,  were  large  landowners  in  Gloucester- 
shire. Hearne  has  a  note  suggesting  that  the  name  should  be 
written  "  Mineries  "  or  "  Mineris,"  but  surely  the  spelling  in 
the  text  is  sufficient  to  show  that  the  family  of  Mynors,  which 
is  only  just  extinct  in  the  West  of  England,  is  meant.  Gilbert's 
partner  in  the  half  fee,  (16)  Hugh  de  Condicote,  no  doubt  held 
the  hide  in  the  vill  thus  designated,  which  belonged  at  Domesday 
to  Durand  of  Gloucester. 

With  regard  to  the  tenants  under  the  new  feoffment,  (17) 
William  de  Cerney,  and  (18)  William  Torel2  in  Cerney,  must  have 
been  recently  enfeoffed  in  that  portion  of  the  Domesday  estate  of 
Walter  Fitz  Roger  in  that  manor,  which  had  not  been  included 
in  the  grant  by  Walter  de  Hereford  to  St.  Peter's,  Gloucester, 
a  grant  confirmed  by  his  brother  Henry  de  Hereford.  (19)  Of 
Elias  Cokerel  I  have  already  spoken.  20.  Roger,  son  of 
Alan,  has  been  identified  as  the  ancestor  of  the  family  of  le 
Rus,  or  Pvous,  who  long  held  Harescombe  of  the  Earls  of 
Hereford.3  It  looks  indeed,  from  his  being  rated  at  1^  fees,  as 
if  he  held  the  entire  7  hides,  of  which  Durand's  principal  Domes- 
day Manor  of  Haresfield  consisted,  and  so  virtually  performed 
the  subordinate  duties  of  the  High  Constableship. 

(21)  As  to  Richard  Murdac,  who  had  likewise  lately  re- 
ceived 1  knight's  fee  in  the  late  Earl's  demesne,  I  know  not 
where  it  was  situated,  or  who  he  was.  The  name  has  a  Celtic 
sound,   and  was  borne  by   sub-tenants  in  the  north  of  England 

1  See  Testa  de  Xevill. — Notes  in  Trans,  B.  and  G.  Arch  Society,  Vol. 
XII.,  p.  45. 

2  See    Willimus   Torellus   de   Pencumbria,  holding    2   fees   of    Robert 
D'Ewias  (Hereford,  p.  159). 

3  See   Paper  by  the   Rev.  J.   Melland  Hall.— Trans.    B.  and  G.  Arch. 
Society,  Vol.  X.,  p.  109, 


306  Transactions  foe  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

before  the  Conquest,  and  in  1166,1  a  century  after  it,  a  Robert 
Murdac  still  held  a  similar  position  in  Northumberland  (p.  333). 
There  was,  however,  likewise  a  Murdac  among  the  knights  of  the 
Bishop  of  Chichester  at  Domesday,  holding  3  hides,  worth  30s. 
per  annum  in  Sussex,  and  as  a  Richard  Murdac,  probably  his 
descendant,  appears  in  the  Liber  Niger  (p.  63)  as  holding  part 
of  a  fee  in  the  same  bishopric,  the  chances  are  that  this  was 
the  man.2 

It  remains  only  to  remark,  that  Margaret  de  Bohun  is  credited 
on  the  Pipe  Roll  of  14th  Henry  II.  (1168),  with  payment  of  17 
marks  for  the  aid,  whence  it  would  seem  that  she  paid  for  her 
fees  of  the  old  feoffment  alone,  and  was  excused  in  respect  to  the 
3|  held  under  the  new. 

(5)  Certificate  of  Ralph  de  Sudley. 
It  is  to  be  known  that  Ralph  de  Sudley  has  enfeoffed  in  his 
holding,  which  he  holds  in  capite  of  the  King,  so  many  knights 
of  the  old  feoffment  and  of  the  new. 

1  Richard  de  Cnictecote  of  the  old  feoffment  3  parts  of  1  knight 

2  Robert  Russell a  fifth  of  1  knight 

3  Agatha a  fifth  of  1  knight 


"■a 


This  is  the  sum  total  of  the  old  feoffment,  the  fee  of  1  knight. 
4  Also  William  de  Tracy  of  the  new  feoffment  of  his  demesne 

the  fee  of  1  knight 

5  Humphrey,  son  of  William,  of  the   new  feoffment   of   his 
demesne,  and  of  the  gift  of  Roger  Parvus,  the   fee   of 

1  knight 

In  Domesday,  Harold,  son  of  Earl  Ralph,  held  10  hides  in 
Sudley,  equivalent,  according  to  the  usual  rating,  to  2  knights' 
fees,  and  10  hides  in  Todington,  equal  to  2  knights  more,  but  his 
descendant  here  makes  a  return  of  3  fees  only.  I  do  not  know 
whether  (2) — who  held  a  hide  granted  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I., 
— was  the  Lord  of  Kingston-Russell,  Dorsetshire,  who,  besides 
holding  a  fee  in  that  county  of  Alured  de  Lincoln,  is  accused  of 
unjustly    detaining  another  from  the  Abbot  of  Cerne,3  (No.   4) 

1    Vide  List  in  Ellis's  Introduction  to  Domesday. 

'-  On  the  Gloucestershire  Pipe  Roll  of  13th  Henry  II.,  "  Ric.  Murdac  owes 
5  marks  for  the  right  of  the  land  which  he  has  not  yet  had." 
s  Lib.  ISig.  p.  77. 


The  Liber  Niger.  307 

was  Ralph  de  Sudley's  brother,  who  had  assumed  the  name  of 
Tracy  on  marrying  the  heiress  of  William  de  Tracy,  of  Barn- 
staple, co.  Devon,  and  had  probably  been  enfeoffed  by  his  father  in 
Todington.  He  is  generally  believed  to  be  identical  with  the 
"William  de  Tracy,  who,  a  few  years  later  than  the  date  of  this 
Return,  was  foremost  in  the  murder  of  Thomas  a  Becket. 

(No.  5)  Humphrey  is  not,  I  take  it,  meant  for  a  son  of 
William  de  Tracy  but  of  some  other  William. 

The  donor  of  the  fee  may  have  been  the  Roger  parvus  alluded 
to  under  the  previous  Return. 

It  is  strange,  in  the  face  of  this  certificate,  to  find  Ralph  de 
Sudley  credited  with  payment  of  15s.  4d.  only  towards  the  aid  of 
1168,  or  little  over  the  scutage  of  1  knight's  fee.  In  18th  Hen.  II., 
on  the  other  hand,  he  paid  63s.  that  is  to  say,  3s.  more  than  the 
rate  for  3  fees. 

(6)  Certificate  op  Robert  de  Scrupa. 

It  is  to  be  known  that  I,  Robert  de  Crupa,  (sic)  hold  three 
knights'  fees  from  our  Lord  the  King,  and  after  the  death  of  King 
Henry  I  have  enfeoffed  no  one. 

The  names  of  those  knights  are  these — 

1  Turstan  le  Despenser. 

2  Geoffrey  the  Chamberlain  of  Glinton. 


3  Simon  de  Ordingeton. 


Farewell. 


The  discrepancy  between  the  spelling  of  the  name  in  the 
certificate,  and  in  the  heading,  is  not  due  to  any  flaw  in  Hearne's 
MSS.,  for  it  exists  in  the  original  Black  Book,  although  not  in  the 
Red,  where  de  Scrupa  is  found  in  both  cases. 

The  question  of  orthography  is  of  some  interest,  as  bearing  on 
the  alleged  descent  of  this  Robert  from  "  Scrob,"  a  Norman 
favorite  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  as  well  as  on  the  attempt  made 
in  after  times  to  identify  the  Gloucestershire  House  with  the 
Scropes  of  Bolton,  which  Hearne,  in  a  footnote,  assumes  to  be 
incontrovertible.  In  a  Paper,  however,  in  Vol.  XIIL,  p.  351.  of  the 
Transactions  of  this  Society,  I  have  shown  that  the  pedigree  put 
forward  by  Sir  Harris  Nicholas  with  this  view,  is  confuted  by 


308  Transactions  TOR  the  Year  1S89-90. 

the  irrefragable  evidence  of  "  Inquisitiones  post  mortem,"  so  far  as 
his  last  three  or  four  generations  are  concerned.  I  was  not  aware 
when  I  wrote,  that  a  Robert  Scrop  occurs  in  the  Black  Book  (p.  272) 
as  holding  a  knight's  fee  in  Lincolnshire  of  Earl  Simon  (of  North- 
ampton), who,  there  can  be  no  doubt,  from  Mr.  Poulett  Scrope's 
researches,  was  the  ancestor  of  the  family  of  le  Scrope  of  the  north, 
and  a  totally  different  person  from  Robert  de  Scrupa  of  the  south, 
whose  name,  notwithstanding  this  casual  resemblance,  is  spelt 
"  de  Escropes,"  on  the  Scutage  Roll  of  7  Hen.  II.,  and  d'Escrupes 
in  that  of  14th,  whilst  in  the  13th  century  the  preliminary  s  is 
always  dropped,  and  it  become  "  de  Crupes  "  or  Croupes. 

It  seems  clear  from  the  wording  of  the  certificate  that  Robert 
de  Crupe  had  been  in  possession  of  these  three  fees  pi-ior  to  the 
death  of  Henry  I.,  and  was  in  all  probability  the  individual  to 
whom  that  King  had,  on  sub-dividing  the  escheated  lands  held  by 
William  Leuric  in  Gloucestershire  at  the  time  of  the  Domesday 
Survey,  granted  the  Manor  of  Whittington  in  Bradley  Hundred  ; 
Leckhampton  being  at  the  same  time  given  to  Thurstan  the  Dis- 
penser, Hayles  to  Tancarville  the  Chamberlain,  while  other  manors 
of  less  importance  fell  to  the  Bassets. 

The  fact  of  Robert  de  Crupes  thus  appearing  in  company  with 
such  great  officers  of  state,  certainly  suggests  the  idea  that  he  was 
connected  with  the  Royal  Household,  and  this  is  strengthened  by 
the  circumstance  of  Thurstan,  and  Geoffrey  de  Clinton  the  Cham- 
berlain, being  found  here  as  his  feoffees.  The  latter  is  now  known 
to  have  been  son  of  another  Geoffrey,  who  held  the  Manor  of 
Glinton  or  Clinton,  in  Northamptonshire,  at  Doniesday,  of  Geoffrey 
Bishop  of  Coutances,  and  whose  descendants  in  after  days  claimed 
that  he  was  a  scion  of  the  great  House  of  Tancarville— hereditary 
chamberlains  of  the  Dukes  of  Normandy.  This  claim  has  gener- 
ally been  ignored  by  genealogists  on  the  strength  of  an  assertion 
by  Ordericus  Vitalis,  that  the  second  Geoffrey  de  Clinton,  though 
made  chamberlain  by  Henry  I. ,  was  a  man  of  low  birth ;  but  the 
writer  was  liberal  in  such  imputations  on  that  King's  favourites, 
and  it  strikes  me  that  Geoffrey's  association  here  in  the  same 
holding  with  the  head  of  the  Despensers,  who  unquestionably 
were  of  Tancarville  blood,  tends  to  refute  it  in  his  case. 


The  Liber  Niger.  309 

Robert  de  Crupes  says  not  a  word  in  his  certificate  as  to  his 
holding  Whittington  in  demesne,  which  he  and  his  posterity 
certainly  did.  Perhaps  he  included  it  with  the  3  fees  he  returned, 
though  his  language  scarcely  warrants  that  supposition.  As,  how- 
ever, we  know  for  certain  from  Testa  de  Nevill  that  one  of  them, 
Ordestan,  in  Berks,  was  held  by  a  Simon,  son  of  Hugh,  presumably 
the  Simon  de  Ordingeton  of  the  text,  it  would  follow  in  this  case 
that  his  third  fee,  Baldington,  Oxon,  was  divided  between  his  two 
other  knights,  Thurstan  le  Despenser  and  Geoffrey  Clinton.  Robert 
de  Crupes  paid  3  marks  in  1168  towards  the  aid,  but  in  18th 
Henry  II.  he  paid  only  for  2  fees,  and  his  son  in  6th  Richard  I. 
for  2|.     Subsequently  3  fees  was  the  ordinary  rating. 

(7)  Certificate  of  Henry  de  Newmarch. 
These  are  the  knights   of   Henry  de   Newmarch  of   the  old 
feoffment. 

I  Ernald  de  Baillioll,  and  2  Humphrey  de  Pancevote    hold    5 

knights'  fees. 

3  Richard  de  Malemvilier 

4  Geoffrey,  son  of  Roger     -  -  -  -         1  knight 

5  Henry  Luvel  holds  1  knight's  fee,  which  he  does  not  acknow- 

ledge to  hold  of  me,  and  I  do  the  service. 

6  Richard,  son  of  Humphrey,  -|  a  knight('s  fee)  which  Jocelin  de 
Bailiol  holds  by  the  King's  precept,  nor  have  I  any  service 
thence. 

7  Geoffrey  de  Galehampton  .  the  i  part  of  a  knight. 

8  Geoffrey  de  Marisco  .  .  the  ^  part  of  a  knight. 
2  Walter  del  Cheisne,  four  parts  of  a  knight,  which  Jocelin  de 

Bailiol  holds  by  the  King's  precept,  nor  have  I  service  thence. 
10  William,  son  of  Alured  .  .  the  ^  part  of  a  knight 

II  Eustace  Pancevot  .  .  four  parts  of  a  knisdit 

12  Hamelin  de  Baalun  .  .  .  .la,  knight 

13  William  de  Frohorne 

14  William  Mansel 

15  Helyas  Cokerel 

16  Robert  de  Gundevill         .  .  .     four  parts  of  a  hide 

1  It  is  clear,  from  the  result  of  the  calculation  set  out  in  the  certificate  of 
Ralph  de  Suclley,  that  "  four  parts  of  a  knight  "  stands  for  4  hides,  or  f  of 
a  fee. 


'.-v 


2  knights 
2  parts1  of  a  knight 


i  a  knight 


310  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889 -90. 

17  Humphrey  de  Kenebelle  ...              1  knight 

18  Philip  de  Gundeville  .           the  tenth  part  of  a  knight 

19  William  de  Cadeberi  .           the  tenth  part  of  a  knight 

20  William  de  Derham  .             the  fifth  part  of  a  knight 

2 1  William,  son  of  Reginald  .  .  the  fee  of  1  knight 
but  I  do  not  acknowledge  that  he  ought  to  hold  of  me  for  what  I 
do  Royal  service. 

Of  the  new  feoffment — 

22  Matthew  de  Baalim  (holds)  1  knight  of  my  demesne. 

23  Humphrey  Blund.  the  fifth  part  of  a  knight  of  my  demesne. 
Upon  the  demesne  nothing. 

Although  his  certificate  is  classed  under  Gloucestershire,  the 
chief  seat  of  Henry  de  Newmarch's  barony  was  at  Cadbury,  in 
Somersetshire,  in  which  county  the  great  majority  of  the  fees 
therein  referred  to  were  situated. 

The  whole  at  Domesday  belonged  either  to  Turstin,  son  of 
Rolf,  or  to  Wido,  son  of  William,  but  in  what  way  they  had 
descended  to  Henry  de  Newmarch,  has  not  been  ascertained. 
Neither  is  the  christian  name  of  his  father  known,  nor  the  relation 
in  which  he  stood  to  Bernard  de  Newmarch  the  Conqueror  of 
Brecon.  All  that  is  clear  is  that  Turstin's  manors  came  to  Henry 
through  his  mother,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Winebald  de  Baladon 
or  Baalim  ;  whether  they  had  been  acquired  by  the  latter  in 
marriage,  or,  as  seems  more  probable,  after  forfeiture,1  being 
uncertain.  Furthermore  there  is  no  evidence  to  show  that  Wido's 
manors  had  descended  in  a  similar  mode,  the  donations  made  to 
the  Priory  of  Bermondsey  and  to  the  Abbey  of  St.  Peter's,  Glou- 
cester, by  Winebald,  which  Henry  de  Newmarch  confirmed,  not 
having  included  any  lands  of  Wido's.  - 

Henry's  close  connection  with  the  de  Baalun  family  is  trace- 
able in  his  certificate.  The  Hamelin  de  Baalun  (14)  returned  as 
holding  half  a  knight's  fee,  cannot  have  been  a  descendant  of 
Hamelin,  Lord  of  Abergavenny,  Winebald's  eldest  brother,  if 
Dugdale    be  right  in   asserting  that  the    former   died    childless. 

1  Turstin's  Domesday  Manor  of  Stanton  certainly  fell  to  the  Crown,  and 
became  known  as  Stanley  Regis. 

2  See  Dugdale's  Monasticon. 


The  Libek  Niger.  311 

Doubt,  however,  is  thrown  on  that  assertion  by  another  certificate 
under  Herefordshire  (p.  153),  in  which  William,  son  of  Reginald, 
styled  in  the  Red  Book  (though  not  in  the  Black)  "de  Baalun," 
describes  himself  as  holding  a  fee  in  which  his  grandfather, 
Hamelin  de  Baalun,  had  been  enfeoffed  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I. 
and  even  prefers  a  claim  to  the  Honour  of  Abergavenny,  which 
that  Hamelin  is  stated  to  have  bequeathed  to  Brian  fitz  Count, 
his  nephew,  from  whom  it  passed  to  Milo,  afterwards  Earl  of  Here- 
ford. There  can  be  little  doubt  that  this  "William,  son  of  Reginald, 
is  identical  with  (21)  the  one  whom  Henry  de  Newmarch  returns 
as  holding  a  knight's  fee  of  him,  but  declines  to  acknowledge  that 
he  is  responsible  for  the  service  to  the  King. 

We  likewise  find  a  Matthew  de  Baalun  among  the  Newmarch 
tenants.  It  would  seem  from  the  passage  as  to  William,  son  of 
Reginald,  as  well  as  from  earlier  ones  in  which  Jocelin  cle  Bailiol 
is  said  to  hold  parts  of  Newmarch  fees,  in  two  cases  by  the  King's 
precept,  that  there  had  been  some  dispute  as  to  Henry's  rights, 
and  this,  perhaps,  is  corroborated  by  his  declaration  that  Henry 
Lovel  refuses  to  recognise  him  as  overlord  in  another  fee,  for 
which  he  has  to  do  the  Royal  service.  As  the  latter's  barony  of 
Castle  Carey  marched  with  Cadbury,  this  was  probably  an  en- 
croachment of  Lovel's  during  the  civil  war,  in  which  he  had  been 
a  very  active  partisan  of  King  Stephen,  but  if  so,  it  is  strange  that 
he  should  have  been  allowed  to  retain  it  after  the  accession  of 
Henry  II.  (19)  William  of  Cadbury  had  the  tenth  part  of  a  fee 
there,  while  (7)  Galehampton,  held  by  one  Geoffrey,  is  in  the  same 
locality. 

Henry  de  Newmarch's  fees  in  Gloucestershire  are  not  dis- 
tinguished from  the  rest,  but  they  consisted,  as  we  know,  from 
other  sources  *  of  Dyrham,  the  only  manor  in  that  county  which 
had  been  held  by  Wido,  son  of  William  ;  and  of  Amney-Crucis, 
Cotes  (Cokerel),  Hildesley,  Tortworth,  Frehorne,  and  Eastington, 
all  derived  from  Turstin  fitz  Rolf.  In  the  first,  a  small  feoffment 
of  one-fifth  of  a  fee,  seems  to  have  been  created  in  favour  of  a 
William   de   Derham   (-0),  and   it   is  not  improbable    that    (21) 

1  Testa  de  Nevill.— See  Trans.  B.  &  G.  Arch.  Soc.,  Vol.  XIII.  for  fuller 
details. 


312  Transactions  For  the  Year  18S9-90. 

William  fitz  Reginald's  fee  was  also  there.  Cotes  (part  of  Achelai, 
[or  Oakley]  in  the  Survey)  was  the  holding  of  (15)  Elias  Cokerel  as 
half  a  fee  ;  (13)  William  de  Frehorne  held  in  the  vill  from  which 
he  took  his  name  ;  (12)  Hamelin  de  Baalun  probably  holding  in 
Eastington,  while  (14)  William  Mansel  held  in  Tortworth. 

(11)  Eustace  Pauncefote's  fee  was  also  most  likely  in  Glouces- 
tershire, though  I  am  not  quite  sure  where  these  4  hides  were. 

(16)  Eobert  and  (18)  Philip  de  Gundeville  did  not,  I  think, 
hold  in  that  county,  and  (17)  Humphrey  de  Kemble  no  doubt 
held  in  the  vill  of  that  name  in  Wiltshire. 

Of  the  two  knights  whom  Henry  de  Newmarch  had  recently 
enfeoffed  in  his  demesne,  Matthew  de  Baalun,  already  referred  to, 
was  presumably  his  cousin,  and  a  person  of  some  consequence,  if 
he  was  the  one  of  the  name  who  held  10  fees  in  Sussex  of  the  Earl 
of  Eu.1  Humphrey  Blund,  on  the  other  hand,  had  only  the  fifth 
part  of  a  fee,  or  one  hide. 

I  am  by  no  means  sure  that  I  have  correctly  interpreted  the 
concluding  sentence  of  the  certificate,  for  the  word  "Super"  has 
many  meanings  !  I  take  it  here  to  signify  that  Henry  de  Newmarch 
did  not  consider  himself  liable  to  pay  for  his  demesne  except  in  so 
far  as  he  had  made  feoffments  in  it.  It  seems  to  me  out  of  the 
question  to  suppose  that  the  6  hides  he  had  thus  appropriated, 
constituted  the  entire  demesne  of  the  barony.  It  is  impossible, 
however,  to  check  this  view  by  the  amount  of  his  contribution  to 
the  aid  in  1168,  since  in  the  first  place  there  is  a  blank  as  to  the 
number  of  fees  held  by  (3)  Richard  de  Malemvilier,  which  prevents 
our  judging  how  many  he  ought  to  have  paid  for.  Even  setting 
this  aside,  the  calculation  is  complicated  by  the  minute  sub- 
division in  many  cases  of  the  fees,  but  1  think  it  will  be  found 
that  he  held  16  fees  plus  \\  hides  of  the  old  feoffment,  and  of  the 
new  1  fee  plus  1  hide,  altogether  17£  fees.  For  these  we  find  him 
credited  on  the  Scutage  Roll  of  14th  Henry  II.  with  the  payment 
of  £11  14s.  2d.,  equal  to  17  marks  and  a  sixth,  or  very  nearly  the 
correct  amount.  For  the  scutage,  however,  of  18th  Henry  II.,  the 
next  levied,  which  was  at  the  rate  of  £1  per  fee,  he  paid  £18 
lis.  4d.,  that  is  to  say  for  over  18*  fees. 
2  Hearne,  Vol.  I.,  p.  66. 


The  Liber  NictEr.  313 

Henry  de  Newmarch  is  returned  by  the  Abbot  of  Westminster 
(p.  51)  as  holding  2  fees  of  that  church  in  Worcestershire  and 
Gloucestershire,  1  of  these  was  no  doubt  Hasfield  in  the  latter 
county,  a  Domesday  fee  of  Turstin  fitz  Rolf's,  held  for  many  years 
by  the  Pauncefotes.1  He  likewise  appears  as  "  Henry  de  (Novo) 
Foro,"  in  the  Bishop  of  Worcester's  certificate,  as  holding  one  fee 
and  denying  another.  These,  no  doubt,  were  Turstin's  Manors  of 
Aust  and  Gotherington.  in  Gloucestershire,  held  at  Domesday  of 
that  See,  and  subsequently  rated  at  half  a  fee  each.2 

(8)  Certificate  op  Pagan  de  Mundublel. 
These  are  Pagan  de  Mundublel 's  knights  of  the  old  feoffment  — 

1  Humphrey  de  Bohun  holds  the  fees  of  2  knights 

2  Simon  de  Chelefield      ...  5  knights 

3  Adam,  son  of  Simon 


1  knight 
1  knight 
1  knight 
1  knight 
1  knight 


4  Hugh  de  Radeii  3 

5  John  de  Baha 

6  Simon  de  Hara 

7  Ralph  Murdac 

but  he  does  not  recognise  more  than  |  a  fee. 

8  Geoffrey  de  Coldrinton  .  .  ^  knight 

The  sum  of  these  is  12|  knights 

Of  the  new  feoffment,  Pagan  de  Mundublel  gave  to  Hugh  de 

Chaurcis,  his  brother,  one  manor  for  which  he  does  no  service. 

And  to  Nicholas,  son  of  Simon,  his  steward,  a  waste  land   near 

Newbury  for  his  services,  by  the  service  of  the  third  part  of  1 

knight. 

A  division  of  the  same  holding.4 

It  is  to  be  known  that  of  the  aforesaid  holding  Geoffrey  de  Vere 

holds  7  knights'  fees,  which  5  Patrick  de  Chaurcis,  grandfather  of 

Pagan  de  Mundublel,  held  on  the  clay  on  which  King  Henry  was 

alive  and  dead,  to  wit — 

'  See  Testa  de  Nevill.—  Trans.  B.  &  G.  Arch.  Soc,  Vol.  XIII.,  p.  321. 
2  Ibid.  3  Reading  ? 

4  In  the  Red  Book  there  is  neither  separating  line  nor  fresh  heading,  the 
words  running  on — "  Sciendum  est,"  &c. ,  without  interruption. 

5  "  de  quorum,"  in  Latin,  which  is  nonsense — it  should  be  "  quce." 


314  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

9  Matthew  de  Torminton  x  the  fees  of  5  knights 

10  Humphrey  Francbevalier  the  fee  of    .  1  knight 

11  Henry  Chevel2  .  .  .  1  knight 
And  beyond  this,  Alured  de  Lincoln  holds  1  knight's  fee  which 

Earl  Patrick  took  during  the  war,  and  Earl  Patrick  holds  besides, 
of  the  aforesaid  holding,  20  knights'  fees  through  the  marriage 3 
(settlement)  of  his  mother,  and  three  manors  of  <£60.4 

And  Nigel  de  Albini  one  manor  of  £20, 4  similarly  through  the 
marriage  of  his  mother, — for  which  they  have  done  no  service. 

Pagan  of  Montdoubleau,  so  styled  from  a  castle  in  France, 
was  head  of  the  family  of  Cadurcis,  or  Chaworth,  which  had 
acquired  a  footing  in  England  towards  the  close  of  the  11th 
century  through  the  marriage  of  Patrick  de  Cadurcis  with  one  of 
the  daughters  of  Ernulph  de  Hesding,  a  great  Domesday  baron. 
Another  daughter  was  wife  to  Alan,  son  of  Flaald,  ancestor  of  the 
Fitz  Alans  of  Clune.  After  the  decease  of  a  second  Patrick  de 
Cadurcis,  late  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I.,  the  bulk  of  Ernulph's 
property  passed  to  Earl  Patrick,  whose  father,  Walter  of  Salis- 
bury, had  married  Sibilla,  daur.  of  the  first  Patrick  de  Cadurcis,5 
but  upon  the  accession  of  Henry  II.  this  Pagan  de  Montdoubleau 
had  obtained  a  charter  granting  to  him  all  the  lands  in  England 
which  his  grandfather,  Patrick  de  Cadurcis,  had  held. 

In  1166,  however,  after  a  struggle  of  12  years,  he  had  only 
succeeded  in  recovering  the  comparatively  small  number  of  fees 
here  returned  in  his  name. 

Of  these,  few  could  have  been  in  Gloucestershire,  although 
from  the  Manor  of  Kempsford  forming  the  head  of  his  Barony,  his 
certificate  was  classed  under  that  county.  Ernulph  de  Hesding's 
possessions  there  had,  it  is  true,  included  besides,  the  Manors  of 
Hatherop,  Amney,  and  Oldbury ;  but  these  were  retained,  as  we 
know,  by   Earl  Patrick  ;   whilst  the  Manors  of  Badminton  and 

2  Tormarton,  Gloucestershire. 

1  Cheverel  ?  Among  the  tenants  of  Earl  Patrick. 

3  "  tie  Matrimonio  Matris  suse." 

4  In  the  Black  Book  the  abbreviation  "  Libr  "  follows  the  Roman  numer- 
als lx  and  xx,  but  is  omitted  in  Hearne. 

5  See  Trans.  B.  &  G.  Arch.  Society, Vol.  XII.,  p.  14.— Paper  on  Testa  de 
Nevill. 


The  Libek  Nigek.  315 

Acton,  likewise  part  of  Ernulph's  Domesday  holding,  as  well  as  the 
Manor  of  Torinarton,  which  he  had  subsequently  acquired  from 
Richard  the  legate,  were  now  in  the  hands  of  William  fitz  Alan's 
heirs. 

The  20  hides  at  which  Kempsford  was  rated  in  the  Great 
Survey,  would  not  have  been  more  than  equivalent  to  4  knights' 
fees,  but  possibly  some  subsequent  increment  may  have  brought  it 
up  to  5,  which,  presumably,  were  those  held  of  Pagan  by  Simon 
de  Chelefield,  his  only  large  tenant.  If  this  were  not  the  case,  one 
would  almost  be  driven  to  suppose  that  Kempsford  was  purposely 
left  out  as  being  held  in  demesne,  a  view  which  is  so  far  supported 
by  the  fact  that  at  the  time  of  Kirby's  Quest  (1287)  the  then 
Patrick  de  Gadurcis  held  it  by  barony,  no  sub-feoffee  being 
mentioned,  while  in  1346  Henry  of  Lancaster,  who  had  married 
the  Chaworth  heiress,  likewise  retained  the  manor  in  his  own 
hands. 

Of  Pagan's  other  knights  little  need  be  said. 

Humphrey  de  Bohun's  fees  were  doubtless  part  of  the  marriage 
portion  his  father  had  received  in  Wiltshire  with  the  daughter  of 
Walter  de  Salisbury,  but  how  these  two  had  been  separated  from 
the  rest,  to  be  held  of  Pagan  de  Montdoubleau  instead  of  Earl 
Patrick,  is  nowhere  explained.  Perhaps  as  Humphrey  was  Pagan's 
cousin  he  may  have  concurred  in  the  arrangement. 

There  are  indications  in  respect  to  Pagan's  other  fees,  that 
they  were  in  Berkshire,  where  he  had  got  back  some  of  his  grand- 
father's manors,  as  shown  by  the  new  feoffment  he  had  created 
near  Newbury  in  favour  of  his  steward,  Nicolas  fitz  Simon. 

With  regard  to  the  other  division  of  the  holding  of  the  first 
Patrick  de  Cadurcis,  Geoffrey  de  Vere  therein  spoken  of,  had 
married  the  widow  of  William  fitz  Alan,  who  had  the  7  fees  in 
question  in  dower.  He  was  a  younger  brother  of  the  first  Earl 
of  Oxford,  and  a  man  of  considerable  influence.  It  is  clear, 
from  the  name  of  his  principal  sub-tenant,  Matthew  de  Tor- 
marton  who  held  5  out  of  the  7,  that  he  was  a  Gloucestershire 
man,  but  I  am  not  so  sure  as  to  Humphrey  Franchevalier,  or 
Henry  Cheverel,  who  each  held  one  of  the  other  fees.  Alured  of 
Lincoln's,  Earl  Patrick's,  and  Nigel  de  Albini's,  shares  of  the  same 


316  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

holding  were  in  Wiltshire.  Who  the  last  named  was  has  not  been 
ascertained.1 

It  is  not  very  easy  to  understand  from  whom  this  second 
certificate  emanated,  but  it  served  as  a  sort  of  protest  on  behalf 
of  Pagan  de  Montdoubleau  against  the  forcible  detention  of  his 
grandfather's  lands,  and  it  may  have  been  designed  by  him  also  as 
a  reason  why  he  should  not  be  rated  for  the  whole  fief.  That  this 
was  in  contemplation  is  clear  from  an  entry  which  appears  on  the 
Berkshire  Pipe  Roll  of  the  succeeding  year,2  which  runs  :  "  Pagan 
de  Mundublel  renders  account  of  £18  13s.  4d.  for  knights,  but  it 
ought  to  be  required  from  Earl  Patrick  and  Geoffrey  de  Vere,  who 
have  these  knights  " — "by  writ  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  by  writ 
of  the  King  beyond  the  sea." 

There  is  not  sufficient  evidence  3  to  shew  whether  this  order 
was  complied  with  by  the  powerful  nobles 4  to  whom  it  was 
addressed,  but  it  sufficed  at  any  rate  to  exonerate  Pagan  from  the 
attempted  surcharge,  since,  to  the  aid  for  marrying  the  King's 
daughter,  he  contributed  but  12|  marks  for  as  many  fees.  Those 
of  the  new  feoffment  were  apparently  exempted,  as  in  the  case  of 
Margaret  de  Bohun  and  others. 

It  is  noticeable,  however,  that  four  years  later  (18th  Hen.  II.), 
Patrick  de  Cadurcis,  presumably  Pagan's  son,  paid  £19  scutage 
for  as  many  fees,  that  is  to  say  for  6|  more  than  his  father  had 
done.  Possibly  he  had  recovered  that  number  in  the  interim, 
especially  as  Earl  Patrick  had  been  assassinated  in  France  in 
1168.  On  the  other  hand  in  the  collection  of  the  aid  of  1235, 
Paean  de  Cadurcis  figures  for  "  12|  fees  of  Pagan  de  Mundubbel's.5 

1  Probably  of  Cainho,  Bedfordshire.  A  charter  of  Robert  de  Albini  to 
the  Abbey  of  Beaulieu,  in  that  county,  is  witnessed  by  Nigel  de  Albini,  his 
brother,  and  Patrick  de  Cadurcis.  —  Yeatman's  House  of  Arundel,  p.  151. 

2  Publications  of  the  Pipe  Roll  Society,  Vol.  XI.,  p.  6.— Great  Boll  of  the 
Pipe  for  13th  Henry  II.,  1166-1167. 

3  There  is  no  Returns  of  the  Collection  for  the  Aid  in  the  Shropshire 
Pipe  Roll  of  14th  Henry  II. 

*  Geoffrey  de  Vere  accounts  on  this  very  Pipe  Roll  as  Sheriff  of  Shrop- 
shire, Holder  of  the  Honour  of  the  Constable,  and  Receiver  of  the  Bishopric 
of  Hereford. 

5  Trans.  B.  &  G.  Arch.  Soc.Vol.  XIII.,  p.  351— Paper  on  Testa  de  Nevill. 


The  Liber  Niger.  317 

(9)  Certificate  of  Robert  Son  of  Harding. 

To  Henry,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of  England,  Duke  of 
Normandy,  and  of  Acquitaine,  Earl  of  Anjou,  Robert  son  of 
Harding,  greeting.  Know  ye,  that  I  owe  you  the  service  of  5 
knights  from  Berkelai,  but  Roger  de  Berkeley  holds  land  of  the 
Honour  of  Berkelai,  for  which  he  does  me ]  no  service,  to  wit, 
Osemorde,2  and  half  Neweton,3  and  all  the  fee  of  Bernard  the 
Chaplain. 

As  the  confirmation  by  Henry  II.,  shortly  after  his  accession, 
of  the  Honour  of  Berkeley  to  Robert  fitz  Harding,  to  be  held 
by  the  service  of  5  knights,  could  in  no  way  have  invalidated 
the  compromise  previously  effected,  by  virtue  of  which  Roger  de 
Berkeley  (m)  was  to  retain  all  lands  held  by  military  service, 
outside  the  former  fee  farm  manor, — the  allegation  that  the  latter 
did  no  service  for  these  to  his  successor,  can  only  be  attributed 
to  pique.  As  regards  the  whole  of  Newington,  as  well  as  the  land 
of  Bernard  the  Priest,  it  is  clear  from  Domesday  {hat  they  were 
granted  by  William  the  Conqueror  to  the  first  Roger  de  Berkeley, 
though  the  half  hide  in  Oselworth  was,  it  must  be  admitted,  then 
included  in  the  fee  farm  manor.  Bernard's  lands  had  been  given 
by  the  second  Roger  to  the  Priory  of  Stanley  St.  Leonard's,  which 
he  bad  founded,  but  his  son  apparently  continued  to  perform  the 
Royal  service. 

Robert  fitz  Harding  appears  on  the  Roll  of  14th  Henry  II.  as 
paying  5  marks  towards  the  aid,  for  his  5  fees.  On  the  Great  Roll 
of  the  Pipe  for  the  previous  year  he  had  been  excused  a  far  larger 
sum  in  respect  to  his  lands  in  Gloucestershire,  but,  probably,  this 
was  rather  a  credit  on  account  than  a  gift,  for  he  seems  still  to 
have  continued  to  act  as  the  Royal  banker,  the  cost  of  conveying 
from  Cricklade  to  London  the  money  which  he  lent  to  the  King 
being  charged  by  the  Sheriff  of  Berks. 

This  concludes  the  Certificates  under  Gloucestershire,  but 
there  are,  as  previously  remarked,  many  Gloucestershire  fees  in 
those  classed  under  other  counties.     Generally  there  is  no  allusion 

1  Contracted  in  the  text  to  m,  which  Hearne  in  a  note  reads  modo,  but 
this  is  opposed  to  the  sense. 

2  Oselworth.  3  Newington-(Bagpath). 

Vol.  XIV.  x 


318  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

to  the  fact,  though,  in  some  cases,  the  names  of  persons  or  of 
places  introduced  leave  little  room  for  doubt.  Thus,  in  the  county 
of  Salop  (p.  145)  the  guardians  of  William  fitz  Alan  (n)  append  a 
list  of  knights  holding  8^  fees  of  the  Wiltshire  fief,  which  the 
minors  had  inherited  from  Ernulph  de  Hesdings,  the  first  name 
being  that  of  Robert  de  Turvill,  who  is  known  from  other  sources  to 
have  held  the  M  anor  of  Acton-Turvill,  in  Gloucestershire,  of  him  as 
1  fee ;  the  third,  being  Robert's  near  neighbour,  Matthew  de  Tor- 
marton,  holding  2  fees ;  and  the  fifth,  Humphrey  Franchevalier 
with  1  fee  ;  both  of  the  latter  having,  as  we  have  seen,  been 
returned  among  the  feoffees  of  fitz  Alan's  stepfather,  Geoffrey  de 
Vere,  in  that  county.  William  fitz  Alan's  remaining  4£  fees  were 
most  likely  in  Wilts,  Peter  de  Lavington,  who  held  1  of  them,  no 
doubt  taking  his  name  from  the  vill  so  called. 

In  other  Certificates  there  are  no  such  indications,  though  it 
may  be  placed  beyond  doubt  by  later  Returns  that  the  descen- 
dants of  Gloucestershire  Domesday  Tenants-in-Capite  continued 
to  possess  the  manors  derived  from  them,  notwithstanding  their 
Returns  were  made  elsewhere.  Thus  Elias  Giffard  must  have 
included  among  the  9  fees  he  certified  for  in  Wiltshire,  Rock- 
hampton,  Stoke  (Giffard)  and  Brimpsfield,  in  Gloucestershire, 
which  his  ancestor,  Osbern,  had  held  at  the  time  of  the  Survey. 

Hascoit  Musard  must  no  doubt  have  returned,  under  Notting- 
ham, the  four  manors  which  his  ancestor  of  the  same  name  had 
in  Gloucestershire  at  Domesday,  although  in  the  case  of  one  only, 
"Eston,"  held  by  a  Walter  de  Eston  in  1166,  is  this  discoverable; 
whilst  under  Herefordshire,  though  we  know  that  Baderon  de 
Monmouth,  Hugh  de  Lacy,  Richard  de  Cormeilles,  and  Richard 
de  Chandos — the  last,  successor  to  Hugh  1'Asne's  barony, — all  still 
held  the  manors  which  their  ancestors  had  held  in  the  adjacent 
county  at  Domesday,  there  is  little  to  guide  one  as  to  the  fees  in 
which  they  were  comprised  a  century  later. 

The  Certificates  of  the  Prelates  connected  with  Gloucestershire, 
scarcely  supply  more  definite  information  as  to  the  holdings  of 
their  tenants  in  that  county.  That  of  the  Bishop  of  Hereford 
alludes  to   two  fees  held   by  Hugh  de   Lacy  "of  his  demesne," 


The  Lir.ER  Niger.  319 

(though  he  now  denies  the  service  of  one)  ;  and  two  and  a  half, 
which  Margaret  de  Bohun  holds  (but  denies  the  service  of  the 
half),  the  whole  four  and  a  half  being  referred  to  as  if  there  had 
been  some  connection  between  them.  Margaret's,  there  can  be 
little  doubt,  was  in  Sevenhampton,  Gloucestershire,  a  part  of  which 
Durand  the  Sheriff  had  held  of  the  Church  of  Hereford  at  the 
time  of  the  Survey.1 

The  See  of  Worcester  had  held  since  before  the  Conquest  the 
Hundreds  of  Henbury  and  Cleeve,  besides  manors  in  other  Glou- 
cestershire Hundreds,  and  so  late  as  the  13th  century  paid  scutage 
to  the  King  for  nearly  14  fees,  so  that  it  is  not  surprising  to  find 
many  knights  of  that  county  in  the  Certificate  sent  in  by  the 
Bishop  in  1166.  Both  the  Earl  of  Gloucester  and  Humphrey  de 
Bohun  are  set  clown  for  7|  fees,  but  the  former  only  recognised 
the  service  of  1  ;  the  latter  of  4.  Besides  these,  Elias  Giffard 
holds  1  ;  Henry  de  Foro  (i.e.  Novo  Foro,  a  synonym  for  New- 
march)  1,  and  denies  another;  Gilbert  de  Mineriis  1-  Walter 
de  Clifford  1  ;  Hugh  Puber  2^  ;  with  several  others  who  were 
presumptively  enfeoffed  in  Gloucestershire. 

Lastly,  the  Abbot  of  Westminster,  who  held  the  Hundred  of 
Deerhurst  of  the  gift  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  sends  in  a  Certifi- 
cate, under  Middlesex  (p.  51)  in  which,  unfortunately,  his  fees  in 
Gloucestershire,  except  in  the  single  case  of  two  held  by  the  Earl 
of  Gloucester,  are  bracketed  with  those  held  of  the  abbot  by  the 
same  feoffees  in  the  adjoining  county  of  Worcester.  Thus  Hugh 
Puber  is  returned  as  holding  3  knights  in  the  two  counties ; 
Reginald  de  Stainlinge  2  ;  Henry  de  Xewmarch  2 ;  William 
Folet  1  ;  and  Ralph  de  Monmouth  1,  though  he  refused  to  do  the 
service, — following  in  this  the  example  of  the  Earl  of  Gloucester, 
— who  since  the  second  scutage  for  Wales  in  5th  Hen.  II.,  had, 
it  is  mentioned,  repudiated  the  obligation. 

It  is  impossible  in  most  cases  to  identify  the  manors  held,  but 
de  Newmarch  no  doubt  possessed  Hasfiekl  which  Turstin  fitz  Rolf 
had  held  of  the  Abbey  at  Domesday  ;  and  Ralph  de  Monmouth, 
Trinlie  or  Tirley,  which  William  fitz  Baderon  had  similarly  held. 
What  relation  the  latter  was  to  Baderon  de  Monmouth,  the  head 

'  See  post  p.  329. 
x  2 


320  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

of  the  family,  does  not  appear,  but  he  may  have  been  the  ancestor 
of  the  Roger  de  Monmouth  who  held  by  serjeanty  in  King's 
Weston  and  in  Leckhampton  early  in  the  next  century. 

Doubtless  other  Certificates  may  include  Gloucestershire  fees, 
but  I  have  not  been  able  to  trace  them. 

I  will  only,  in  conclusion,  add,  that  I  was  surprised  on  looking 
at  the  original  Black  and  Red  Books  of  the  Exchequer  to  find 
that  the  name  of  Robert  de  Amenevill,  which  appears  at  the  end 
of  Herefordshire  in  both,  is  an  obvious  interpolation,  made  at  a 
period  subsequent  to  1166. 


On  Old  Tools  and  Implements  321 


ON  OLD  TOOLS  AND  IMPLEMENTS. 

By  ROBERT  TAYLOR,  M.A. 

Read  at  Cheltenham,  16th  July,  1S89. 

[This  Paper  was  intended  to  fill  an  interval  which  I  expected  to 
occur  between  two  papers  at  a  Spring  Meeting  at  Stroud,  an 
informal  gathering  of  which  the  papers  were  not  for  publication. 
It  was  not  wanted  at  Stroud,  and  with  reluctance  I  read  it  at  the 
Summer  Meeting  at  Cheltenham  ;  with  more  reluctance  I  consent 
to  its  publication  now,  not  because  I  consider  the  subject  unsuited 
to  our  discussion  and  our  Proceedings,  but  because  it  is  dealt  with 
so  lightly,  and  so  imperfectly.] 

I  want  to  claim  your  attention  for  a  few  minutes  to  what  I  call 
my  Plea  for  Old  Tools ;  and  I  have  been  the  more  anxious  for 
this  opportunity  because  the  appeal  can  properly  be  addresed  only 
to  such  an  audience  as  this.  In  the  great  workshops  of  Birming- 
ham tools  must  disappear  as  soon  as  they  are  superseded ;  there 
is  no  time  to  waste  over,  or  space  to  store,  any  on  which  an 
improvement  has  been  effected ;  in  like  manner  the  trim-pared 
villas  of  Bournemouth  have  no  lumber-room  in  which  old-fashioned 
things  may  linger.  So  it  is  in  a  country  town,  in  a  manufacturing 
district  like  this,  that  I  should  most  hopefully  begin  a  search  for 
survivals. 

How  many  relics  can  we  find,  I  don't  say  centuries  old  like 
Mr.  Hyett's  astrolabe,  but  of  our  own  or  our  fathers'  time  1  Nay, 
how  many  can  I  recall  which  were  familiar  enough  on  the  edge  of 
my  memory,  not  yet  of  50  years'  reach,  yet  are  now  treasures  for 
a  museum  1  I  can  remember  the  cook's  tinder  box,  with  its  flint 
and  steel,  and  store  of  tinder  and  long  matches  tipped  with  yellow 
brimstone,  though  I  never  saw  her  use  it  :  then  there  was  another 
implement  meant  to  do  the  work  better,  like  a  big  tin  pistol,  in 
the  butt  of  which  you  turned  a  wheel  hoping  to  let  successful 


322  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

sparks  fly.  Where  are  these  tinder  boxes  now  1  I  am  told  that 
a  neighbour  treasures  a  part  of  his  old  box,  and  have  a  friend,  a 
grave  Professor  at  Cambridge,  who  proudly  shows  one  he  picked  up 
in  Leicestershire,  and  boasts  very  much  that  he  has  brought  fire 
out  of  it !  The  operation  would  surprise  us  as  much  as  it  would  the 
Andaman  Islanders,  who  have  never  learnt  to  make  fire,  though 
it  is  no  wonder  in  the  Roman  Church,  for  that  the  Paschal  taper 
requires  to  be  lighted  from  fresh  fire  year  by  year;  two  years  ago, 
during  the  Easter  Eve  ceremonies  in  the  chief  church  in  Havre, 
I  saw  the  beadle  hard  at  work  with  his  flint  and  steel,  and  his 
unsuccessful  clicking  made  me  think  tenderly  of  poor  women  busy 
over  damp  tinder  in  the  past.  And  when  she  had  her  light — 
think  of  the  candle  she  had  to  use  !  Is  there  any  place  in  Stroud 
which  could  supply  a  real  rushlight  1  or  a  rushlight  stand  1  that 
big  cylinder  full  of  holes  to  frighten  timid  children  1  And  how 
many  pairs  of  snuffers  can  we  raise  1  These  implements,  I  fancy, 
had  but  a  short  reign,  and  just  as  they  had  received  their  last 
improvements,  the  unlucky  discovery  of  the  virtues  of  bismuth 
wire  and  plaited  wicks  uperseded  their  pride.  I  remember  my 
mother's  last  pair,  the  creaking  and  screaming  as  it  opened  its 
fateful  jaws,  and  the  crack  and  snap  as  the  inner  door  shut  down, 
too  often  with  the  light  inside  as  well  as  the  soot.  Those  candles 
which  required  snuffing  are  lost,  and  all  others  seem  inclined  to 
follow,  under  pressure  of  competition  from  oil  lamps  of  all  shapes 
and  sizes.  Perhaps  systems  of  lighting  have  changed  more  than 
aught  else  within  memory  ;  we  are  becoming  impatient  even  of 
gas,  clamouring  for  the  dainty  electric  light  even  in  our  bedrooms; 
yet  look  at  this  !  thirty  years  ago  not  a  cottage  in  North  Scotland 
had  more  light  in  evening  than  was  given  by  a  rush  wick  floating 
in  coarse  fish  oil,  giving  a  lurid  flame  and  an  excessive  abundance 
of  greasy  fetid  smoke  ;  thirty  years  ago  and  you  might  have 
bought  them  by  the  dozen  in  any  village  there  ;  now  the  com- 
petition of  cheap  mineral  oil  has  almost  destroyed  the  memory  of 
them  !  Six  years  back,  my  attention  was  drawn  to  some  in  the 
Antiquarian  Museum  in  Edinburgh,  and  the  one  I  have  shewn 
you  was  obtained  by  a  friend  from  a  crofter  in  Caithness,  and  is 


On  Old  Tools  and  Implements.  323 

worth  half-a-guinea  in  any  curio  shop  in  Edinburgh.1  This  is  an 
older  relic  which  was  treasured  by  my  grandmother,  though  I 
believe  she  did  not  know  its  use;  as  you  see  it  is  a  holder  for  a 
coil  of  wax  taper ;  when  I  was  a  boy  an  old  clergyman,  of  whom 
I  was  very  fond,  used  one  habitually. 

Again,  where  the  milder  manners  of  the  present  time  threaten 
only  "  the  utmost  rigour  of  the  law,"  which  Mr.  Justice  Mathew 
considers  a  fair  invitation  to  trespass,  in  my  time  all  the  notice 
boards  warned  of  "  mantraps  and  spring-guns ;"  how  many  of 
either  have  you  seen  1  Jeffreys,  in  his  Gamekeeper  in  a  Southern 
County,  gives  an  elaborate  description  of  a  man-trap  ;  in  our  last 
spring  excursion  someone  saw  a  broken  one  at  Old  Sodbury 
Manor  House,2  and  I  am  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Wathen 

1  The  lamp  is  called  a  goose-nib,  and  evidently  derives  its  name  from  its 
shape,  being  like  the  skull  and  upper  bill  of  a  goose,  wrought  in  iron  ;  each 
lamp  has  two  of  these,  the  lower  one  rivetted  to  the  bar  by  which  the  lamp 
is  hung  up,  the  other  to  a  rod  which  hangs  on  a  tooth  projecting  from  this 
bar  ;  the  oil  and  wick  are  put  in  the  upper  one,  the  lower  seems  intended  to 
catch  the  overflow  :  besides  these,  a  hook  and  spike  are  provided  for  trim- 
ming. The  wicks  are  called  naib,  or  rushes;  in  fact  they  are  rushes,  and 
authorities  are  careful  to  warn  you  that  they  must  be  pulled  at  full  moon.  The 
oil  was  made  from  the  dog-fish,  and  the  day  when  the  fish  were  boiled  down 
was  anything  but  a  gaudy-day.  The  friend  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  my 
goose-nib  shewed  me  a  yet  more  curious,  and  much  rarer,  tool,  a  sort  of 
rough  spring  pincers  fastened  to  an  upright  to  hold  the  splinter  of  bogwood 
which  serves  as  candle  in  inland  places  ;  it  was  called  puir-man,  because  it 
took  the  place  of  the  poor  wayfarer  who  might  earn  his  night's  shelter  by 
holding  the  light. 

2  Mr.  Wathen's  Mantrap  was  a  more  frightful  object  than  I  had  expected, 
and  I  begged  permission  to  keep  it  for  some  weeks  for  the  edification  of 
holiday  visitors.  The  trap  proper  consisted  of  two  square-cornered  jaws, 
not  only  serrated  but  armed  with  sharp  spikes  some  two  inches  long  ;  they 
were  kept  open  by  a  pin  from  one  side  which  caught  under  a  projection  from 
a  plate  in  the  middle,  which  plate  would  turn  aside,  and  free  the  pin,  under 
the  pressure  of  any  stray  foot  ;  this,  of  course,  answered  to  the  plate  on 
which  in  a  rat-trap  the  bait  would  be  fixed  ;  the  jaws  being  thus  freed, 
two  strong  springs  came  into  play,  which  were  rivetted  to  the  two  ends 
of  the  flat  liar,  which  made  the  base  of  the  whole.  The  whole  weighed  54 
pounds ;  the  bar  was  6  feet  long,  and  had  a  hole  at  each  end  for  a  pin  to 
fasten  it  down  ;  a  victim  would  be  held  by  the  jaws,  and  their  spikes,  just 
below  the  knee,  and  could  certainly  not  reach  both  springs  at  once,  so  that 
he  must  wait  for  help  to  get  free  ;  Jeffries  says  that  he  knew  a  man  who  had 
managed  to  get  home  with  one  at  his  heels,  but  I  am  sure  Goliath  of  f4ath 
could  not  so  have  dragged  this  one.  I  have  curious  evidence  of  the  length  of 
time  such  things  must  have  been  out  of  use,  in  that  two  of  my  neighbours, 


324  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

for  permission  to  show  this  magnificent  specimen.  Spring  guns 
I  have  only  seen  in  the  Museum  at  Reading,  and  cannot  make 
out  what  harm  they  could  do  beyond  giving  an  alarm  ;  yet  I 
remember  to  have  heard  that  the  use  of  them  was  given  up  in 
consequence  of  an  obiter  dictum  of  a  judge  at  Norwich  assizes 
about  1847;  he  spoke  somewhat  as  follows:  "Your  private 
legislation  would  make  trespass,  which  at  worst  is  only  a  misde- 
meanour, a  capital  crime ;  if  a  case  comes  before  me,  I  shall  know 
what  to  call  it." 

From  tortures  pass  to  punishments  :  how  many  stocks  can  you 
find  in  the  county  1  When  I  was  a  boy  every  village  had  its  pair, 
fixed  generally  between  a  duck-pond  and  a  nettle-bed,  and  I 
believe  I  remember  seeing  a  pair  occupied  in  the  market  place  at 
Shrewsbury.  Now  the  only  one  I  know  is  that  handsome  wrought- 
iron  one  at  Painswick,  with  a  rail  and  the  churchyard  wall  to  rest 
against,  and  a  gas-lamp  instead  of  a  whipping-post,  any  man  might 
be  proud  to  be  enthroned  there,  yet  I  have  been  told  that  the 
police  officer  at  Painswick  held  for  a  long  time  a  warrant  of  about 
1860  directing  him  to  seat  there  for  two  hours  a  man  who  had  the 
bad  taste  to  run  away  !  At  Huntley  there  is  a  wooden  pair  ;  it  was 
described  to  me  as  complete,  but  on  cross-examination  I  could 
not  be  sure  that  it  had  a  whipping-post  ;  that  fell  out  of  use 
sooner,  and  though  we  might  manage  to  put  a  patient  safely  away 
away  in  the  stocks,  I  fear  a  sturdy  rogue  might  hunt  the  county 
over  without  finding  a  constable  capable  of  tying  him  up  in 
proper  form,  and  beating  him  "  till  his  back  was  bloody."  The 
form  of  the  companion  pillory  is  known  to  us  all  from  pictures, 
but  a  London  acquaintance,  who  had  been  out  with  the  Archaeo- 
logical Association  every  year  of  its  existence,  and  with  the 
parent  society  several  years  before,1  had  never  seen  an  original 
pillory  till  we  visited  Marlborough  from  Devizes  in  1880.  Of  the 
gallows  I  don't  suppose  we  have  any  local  relics,  even  though  Sir 

now  about  65,  natives  of  different  parts  of  the  country,  remember  to  have 
seen  such  traps  hung  up  in  apple  trees  in  their  youth,  but  had  never 
actually  beheld  one  set. 

1  I  think  I  have  seen  lately,  in  the  Illustrated  London  News,  some 
sketches  from  Waltham  Holy  Cross,  in  which  the  pillory  figures  as  still 
existing. 


On  Oli>  Tools  and  Implements.  325 

Anthony  Kingston,  who  no  doubt  had  been  put  to  inconvenience 
by  hurried  makeshifts  in  the  course  of  his  campaign  in  the  west, 
left  lands  to  endow  one  in  Sheepscombe,  and  another  in  Pains- 
wick. 

From  outdoors  let  us  go  back  again  home.  I  knew  smoke- 
jacks,  but  never  saw  a  turnspit  at  work ;  what  is  left  of  the  old 
kitchen  fittings,  and  what  of  the  laundry  implements  of  my 
youth  1  Does  anyone  dolly  clothes  ?  or  do  we  find  we  can  wear 
them  out  fast  enough  by  boiling  them  with  strong  chemicals  1  Do 
laundresses  now  amuse  themselves  with  gofering  machines  1  or 
crimping  machines  1  and  what  has  become  of  the  old  array  1  The 
modern  mangle  is  a  poor  toy  in  comparison  with  the  old  box 
filled  with  river  pebbles,  which  was  forced  backwards  and  for- 
wards by  a  strap  passing  over  a  wheel :  even  in  my  time  that  was 
giving  place  to  the  first  patent,  in  which  a  chain  replaced  the 
ricketty  strap,  and  the  reversing  action  was  automatic,  with  a 
noise  which  rivalled  a  steam  roller  ! 

I  don't  like  to  talk  about  tools  lest  I  should  display  my  ignor- 
ance ;  for  instance,  I  have  not  seen  a  flail  for  thirty  years,  but 
am  not  sure  that  it  is  not  used  still  for  some  kinds  of  seeds, 
though  not  for  corn.  About  spinning  and  weaving  I  am  on  some- 
what surer  ground.  Perhaps  the  earliest  of  all  human  inventions 
was  that  of  a  spindle  and  whorl  to  help  twist  thread,  but,  though 
it  is  still  used  by  wayfarers  in  India,  and  no  doubt  by  savage 
tribes  all  the  world  over,  it  has  been  forgotten  in  this  country  for 
many  generations  ;  yet  of  its  remote  descendant,  the  spinning 
wheel,  how  many  genuine  specimens,  wheels  not  made  to  meet  a 
fad  of  the  last  three  years,  can  be  found  round  the  country  1  and 
how  many  specimens  of  the  old  hand-loom,  working,  I  believe,  in 
every  house  in  this  neighbourhood  in  the  youth  of  men  still  living, 
so  that,  I  am  told,  its  rattJe  gave  a  nickname  to  the  villages  about 
White's  Hill  and  Randwick  1  Three  years  ago  the  Vicar  of  Uley 
told  us  at  Dursley  that  one  was  still  to  be  found  at  work  in  his 
parish  ;  as  a  loom  implies  yarn,  I  wish  I  had  asked  how  the  old 
weaver  furnished  himself  with  that.  In  the  Manchester  Ex- 
hibition of  1887,  I  wanted  to  explain  the  working  of  a  loom  to 
my  boy,  but  there  were  only  two  handlooms,  both  for  silk,  both 


326  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

hampered  with  such  a  multitude  of  healds  that  I  could  make  no 
headway. 

About  means  of  locomotion  I  had  better  say  nothing ;  a  stage- 
coach is  too  big  for  any  museum,  and  I  don't  know  that  any 
detached  bit  could  be  worth  keeping.  A  sedan  chair  I  have  once 
seen  put  to  good  account  by  being  fitted  up  as  a  china  cupboard  ; 
two  or  three  were  to  be  hired  in  Shrewsbury  when  I  was  a  boy, 
and  a  very  smart  one  is  still  in  use  at  the  Pumproom  Hotel  in  Bath. 
But  how  about  packsaddles  ?  Once,  when  I  was  walking  up  the 
hill  towards  Rodborough,  an  old  man  pointed  out  the  line  of  the 
old  road  up  which  packhorses  scrambled  in  his  boyhood ;  I  could 
not  believe  his  point  of  time,  but  a  century  back  I  fancy  most  of 
the  Stroud  valley  cloth  made  its  way  to  market  by  such  means ; 
are  any  packsaddles  left  1  and  could  any  one  properly  charge 
them  ?  A  packsaddle  is  a  more  ticklish  thing  to  load  than  a 
railway  van. 

If  I  had  been  writing  this  paper  for  any  other  town  I  might 
have  been  tempted  to  ask  if  there  are  any  relics  of  the  trappings 
used  in  falconry  ;  but  in  Stroud  I  should  be  sharply  pulled  up  by 
Major  Fisher's  assurance  that  falconry  is  neither  a  dead  nor  a 
decaying  sport.  But,  as  cock-fighting  has  now  been  illegal  for 
some  40  years  I  trust  we  may  speak  of  its  ancient  popularity  and 
wide  prevalence  as  extinct ; 1  if  we  cannot  find  any  of  the  "  fair 
silver  spurs  "  of  the  past,  have  any  of  the  fair  steel  ones  escaped  1 

Now  I  have  a  practical  end  in  view  in  this  short  paper ;  our 
Society  is  concerned,  not  only  with  antiquities  of  pre-historic 
and  mediaeval  times,  but  also  with  those  of  our  own  ;  and  I  want 
to  instigate  people  to  treasure  up  the  relics  of  old  fittings  with 
the  object  of  keeping  a  plain  memory  of  their  uses.  I  think  people 
would  be  surprised  if  they  could  realise  with  how  frail  a  tenure 
we  hold  most  of  our  handicrafts  ;  in  spite  of  the  vast  mass  of 
printed  books  which  load  our  shelves,  I  am  convinced  that  print- 
ing would  be  lost,  and  would  need  slow  re-discovery,  if  all  towns 
1  After  I  had  written  this  pious  hope,  my  friend,  Chancellor  Ferguson, 
sent  me  his  paper  on  Cock-fighting,  wherefrom  I  learn  that  a  late  dignitary 
at  Carlisle  kept  his  cocks  and  cockpit  up  to  his  death,  some  10  years  back  ; 
and  that  the  sport  still  lingers  in  the  county  ;  mains  are  still  fought  for 
£100  a  side  ! 


On  Old  Tools  and  Implements.  327 

could  perish  at  once.  I  may  conclude  with  a  story  which  will  show 
how  a  useful  art  may  be  lost ;  fifty  years  ago,  the  iron  of  the 
Sone  valley  was  smelted  by  aid  of  bellows  built  up  of  big  leaves 
pinned  together  with  thorns ;  great  search  was  made  for  a  speci- 
men to  be  sent  home  for  the  Exhibition  of  1851,  only  one 
imperfect  specimen  could  be  found,  and  either  funds  or  skill  were 
wanting  to  repair  it,  or  make  a  new  one.  Now  the  art  is  lost 
beyond  recall. 


328  Transactions  fok  thf.  Year  1889-90, 


SEVENHAMPTON.1 

By  the  Rev.  JOHN  MELLAND  HALL,  M.A. 

Rector  of  Harescombe  with  Pitchcombe. 

Although  the  name  suggests  a  Saxon  settlement  there  is  no 
record,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  of  Sevenhampton,  previous  to  that 
contained  in  the  Domesday  Survey  of  1086.  It  is  there  mentioned 
as  a  portion  of  the  lands  appertaining  to  the  Church  of  Hereford 
('  Terra  Eccl'e  cle  Hereford '),  and  in  connection  with  Prestbury, 
with  which,  as  it  was  in  a  different  Hundred,  it  would  appear  to 
have  become  in  some  unknown  manner  incorporated. 

It  is  recorded — 

"  In  Cheltenham  Hundred,  the  bishop  of  Hereford  holds 
Presteberie.  There  are  30  hides.  In  Demesne  3  plough  tillages, 
18  villeins,  and  5  bordarii  with  8  plough  teams.  There  is  a  priest 
and  a  Radchenist  with  2  plough  teams,  and  in  Winchcombe  a 
burgess  rendering  18d  ,  and  of  serfs,  male  and  female,  eleven. 
There  are  20  acres  of  meadow,  and  a  wood  a  league  in  length  and 
half  a  league  in  breadth." 

"  To  this  manor  is  adjoined  a  Ville  Sevenhamtone  outside  this 
hundred  [of  Cheltenham].  Here  are  20  hides  of  the  aforesaid  30 
hides,  and  there  are  2  plough  teams,  and  21  villeins  with  11 
plough  teams.  There  are  also  3  free  men  having  7  plough  teams 
together  with  their  own  men.  Durand  [the  Sheriff  of  Gloucester] 
holds  three  of  these  20  hides  of  the  bishop.  The  whole  manor  was 
worth  twelve  pounds  in  the  time  of  King  Edward  ;  now  sixteen 
pounds.     This  manor  Robert  bishop  of  the  same  city  holds." 

The  bishop  referred  to,  was,  I  suppose,  Robert  of  Lorraine,'2 
who  died  in  1095,  and  whose  tomb  is  to  be  seen  in  the  Cathedral 

1  This  Paper  was  prepared  for  the  Cheltenham  Meeting,  1S89,  but  the 
Society  could  not  visit  the  Church  through  want  of  time  on  the  day  arranged. 

2  He  was  the  28th  Bishop  of  Hereford,  and  died  June,  1095,  and  lieth 
buried  in  the  south  side  of  the  High  Altar  under  an  arch  of  freestone  in  the 
north  wall  of  that  aisle  bearing  the  following  inscription  "  Dominus 
Robertus  Lozing  Ejhis."  Herefordensis  obiit,  a.p.  1095.  —  Havergal's  Cath. 
Church  of  Hereford,  p.  2. 


Sevenhampton.  329 

of  Hereford.  This  appears  to  have  been  all  the  land  held  in  this 
county  of  Gloucester  by  the  bishops  of  Hereford.  It  will  be 
noticed  that  the  value  of  the  manor  is  said  to  have  been  £16, 
instead  of  £12  as  in  the  reign  of  the  Confessor — an  improvement 
in  value,  which  is  quite  exceptional,  as  a  depreciation  was  the 
rule  almost  everywhere  else. 

The  present  area  of  Prestbury  is  3022  acres,  and  of  Seven- 
hampton  3325  acres,  so  that  it  would  appear  that  the  latter  was 
in  much  better  cultivation  than  the  former,  unless  the  extent  of 
wood-land  made  the  difference — for  reckoning  the  hide  as  120 
acres,  only  1200  acres  were  in  cultivation  at  Prestbury  out  of  the 
3022,  as  against  2400  out  of  the  3325  acres  at  Sevenhampton. 

"The  rating  of  the  ten  hides,"  says  Mr.  Taylor,  "  is  a  low  one, 
having  regard  to  the  area  of  the  manor  and  the  number  of  tenants  :' 
but  at  Sevenhampton  the  area  of  the  hide  was  small  and  the 
district  possessed  an  average  population." 

Possibly  the  three  hides  held  by  Durand  may  represent  the  lands 
possessed  by  Lanthony  Priory  here  :  as  Mr.  Taylor  says  in  his 
Analysis — "  Durandus  seems  generally  to  have  kept  what  he  had,"1 
and  as  Milo  of  Gloucester,  one  of  his  successors,  was  the  founder 
of  the  new  Lanthony,  near  that  city,  it^s  likely  enough  that  these 
three  hides  formed  a  portion  of  the  endowment  :2  or  it  may  even 
have  been  the  succeeding  bishop,  Robert  de  Betun,  who  having 
been  formerly  their  prior,  bestowed  many  benefits  upon  the  new 
house.  Doubtless  they  had  other  benefactors  here,  for  we  learn 
that  Lanthony  (by  the  gift  of  one  Ernalcl  of  Bannebury,  confirmed 
by  his  son  Ralph)  had  2  virgates  of  land  in  Prestbury  and  half  a 
hide  in  Callecombe  in  Sevenhampton,  and  that  the  said  Ernald 
had  these  by  the  gift  of  Walter  de  Forthington  at  a  certain  rent, 
but  the  services  to  the  bishop,  on  Ernald's  land  thus  granted  to 
the  priory,  were  carefully  preserved.  I  am  afraid  the  priory  was 
sometimes  ungrateful  to  the  bishops  of  Hereford  for  the  benefits 
bestowed  upon  them,  for  in  1289  we  meet  with  a  record  of  the 
settlement  of  a  dispute  concerning  5  acres  of  '  Fforloteland  '  near 
Prestbury  claimed  by  the  bishop  ;  the  prior,  on  his  side,  claiming 

1  Analysis  of  the  Domesday  Survey  of  Gloucestershire,  p.  156. 

2  See  ante  p.  319. 


330  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

a  croft  of  pasture  at  Sevenhampton,  lying  between  the  land  of  the 
bishop  and  that  of  his  bailiff  Gyrard — also  a  right  of  depasturing 
their  8  oxen,  with  the  bishop's  oxen,  in  the  park  of  Prestbury  and 
elsewhere,  granted  by  his  predecessors,  Hugh  Foliot  and  Ralph  de 
Maydenstone. 

The  Household  Roll  of  the  same  prelate  (Richard  Swinfield), 
published  by  the  Camden  Society,  contains  many  interesting  par- 
ticulars.    We  have  a  picture  of  13th  century  life  presented  to 
us — Christmas  was  to  be  kept  at  Prestbury.     Robert  Calewe,  a 
servant,  had    been  sent  from  Bosbury,  another   of   the   bishop's 
manors,   to    superintend   the    burning  of   charcoal,  and    a   great 
brewing  of  ale.     Calewe   was  assisted  by  hired  female  brewers, 
and  the  malt,  we  learn,  was  a  mixture  of  wheat  barley  and  oats. 
In  due  season  the  bishop's  hounds  were  taken  on  to  Prestbury 
to  be  ready  for  his  use  on  his  arrival.    The  park  was  well  stocked 
with   deer,  and   there   was  much  game   in   the  extensive   woods 
of  his  manor.     Then  we  have  an  account  of  other  preparations — 
the  repairs  of  the  kitchen  and  oven — the  baker  and  his  assistants 
ready  beforehand — the  bishop's    arrival — the  number  of  horses, 
forty-one    to    fifty-five — the   Christmas  feast   and   the    provision 
required.      On    his    return    from    London    the   bishop    remained 
at  this  manor  for  nearly  a  month  :  intercourse  with  Gloucester 
seems  to  have    been    frequent  :    it  was    their  principal  market  : 
the    cook    and    butler    went    thither    as    purveyors,  and    thence 
they  drew  their  supplies  of  fish.     The  number  of  horses,  varying 
on    different    nights,  implies  a   resort    of    visitors  to    the  manor 
house.     During   this   visit  a  warren  in  the  park  was  made,  also 
a   sort   of  drawbridge  over  a  moat  or   trench.1      The  same  roll 
and  appendix  give  us  some  account  of  the  bishop's  bailiff,  Gyrard 
de  Ugina,  for  whom  he  seems  to  have  had  considerable  regard. 
When  Gyrard  was  about  to  visit  France,  he  made  over  to  the 
bishop,  in  the  event  of  his  death,  all  his  lands  in  Prestbury  and 
Sevenhampton,  which  it  is  expressly  said  he  had  justly  acquired 
for  himself  and  then  possessed  in  fee  in  "  our  Manor  of  Prestbury 
and  Sevenhampton."  2 

1  Cf.   "  Gloucestershire  Notes  and  Queries,"  Vol.  I.,  p.  336. 
2  "  Sevenampton. 

Item  Episcopus   Hereford'  tenet  Sevenampton  que  pertinet  ad  Baroniam 
suam."— Kirby's  Quest,  1283-6.     (See  Trans.,  Vol.  XI.,  p.  144.) 


Sevenhamptox.  331 

There  is  an  entry  on  the  Charter  Rolls,  5th  John  (1204),  shew- 
ing that  half  a  hide  here  belonged  to  one  Ralph,  then  to  Philip, 
and  John  the  Clerk  and  his  sons,  afterwards  to  Philip  Sintelf  by 
their  grant,  and  twelve  or  thirteen  years  later  (18th  John,  1217) 
Ralph  Musard,  then  Sheriff,  was  commanded  to  give  seizin  of  the 
Manors  of  Prestbury  and  Sevenhampton  belonging  to  the  Bishop 
of  Hereford,  to  Walter  de  Lacy,  for  the  rebuilding  of  the  castle 
at  Hereford.1 

Brockhampton,  which  forms  a  considerable  portion  of  this 
parish,  is  not  mentioned  in  Domesday  :  it  was  most  probably 
included  in  Sevenhampton,  and  not  in  Prestbury.  It  occurs  in 
an  early  record,  as  "  Brockhampton  in  the  Wold,"  whilst  in  the 
Subsidy  Roll  of  1st  Edw.  III.  (1327)  it  takes  precedence  of  Seven- 
hampton, and  the  entry  is  for  '  Brohampton  cum  Sevenhampton  ' : 
21  names  occur,  and  the  amount  of  subsidy  paid  is  40s.  2^d. 
Prestbury  does  not  appear  to  have  paid  anything  on  this  occasion. 

From  the  None  Rolls  Ed.  111.(1340),  we  learn  that  Sevenhampton 
was  assessed  at  161  marcs  for  the  ninth  sheaf,  fleece  and  lamb,  i.e. 
£11  6s.  8d.,  but  from  this  was  to  be  deducted  £6  7s.  4d.,  being 
£3  10s.  for  hay  and  other  tythes  of  the  Rector,  and  two  marcs 
(£1  6s.  8d.)  for  two  years,  £2  13s.  4d.,  "  because  that  the  greater 
portion  of  the  arable  land  lay  uncultivated  on  account  of  the 
inability  of  the  inhabitants  to  cultivate  it."2 

This  seems  (but  the  Nones  appear  earlier)  to  refer  to  the 
Great  Pestilence  which  desolated  the  country,  and  caused  a  scarcity 
of  labour  for  the  cultivation  of  land,  and  of  artisans  to  construct 
or  repair  the  implements  of  husbandry.  In  one  year  there  was 
a  great  reduction  in  prices,  which  in  the  next  were  increased 
four-fold.  Knyghton  mentions  the  following  as  exorbitant  wages 
— a  mower,  a  shilling  a  day  with  his  victuals  ;  a  reaper,  eighteen- 
pence  with  the  same.3  In  consequence  an  Act  of  Parliament  was 
passed  to  regulate  wages.4 

Among  the  parcels  granted  off  by  the  Bishop  (Costello)  is  a 
site  for  a  Church  House  in  Sevenhampton,  in  19th  Henry  VII. 
1  Close  Rolls.  -  Nonarum  Inquisitiones,  p.  414. 

3  We  must  bear  in  mind  that  money  was  of  ten  times  the  value  it  is  now. 

4  Act  25  Edw.  Ill,  Cap.  1  and  2.-  Lingard,  Vol.  III.,  p.  79. 


332  Transactions  for  the  Year  1S89-90. 

(1504) — the  deed  (now  in  the  possession  of  the  owner  of  the  pro- 
perty) is  interesting,  as  it  gives  the  names  of  the  principal 
inhabitants  at  that  period :  viz. ,  Thos.  Morton,  Clerk,  Rich. 
Wenman,  John  Hawkins,  John  Watts,  Rich.  Mason,  Will.  Yonge, 
Will.  Townsend,  Will.  Rymall,  John  Mason,  and  Thos.  Grove. 

An  account  rendered  by  the  steward  of  the  bishop  (temp. 
Henry  VII. -VIII.)  gives  many  particulars  as  to  rents,  etc.  The 
quarries  were  used  by  the  Abbot  of  Winchcombe,  the  Prior  of 
Lanthony  and  others.  Rents  of  Assize,  i.e.  of  free  and  customary 
tenants,  £18  6s.  10|d  ;  "  Sennyngton  Meadow,"  said  to  be  kept  in 
hand  for  sheep  ;   gradual  inclosures  are  traceable. 

In  1549  we  find  a  lease  of  the  manor  granted  by  the  bishop  to 
Richard  Willyson  for  ninety  years  :  he  assigned  it  in  1553  to 
Willliam  Wenman,  of  Fringford,  co.  Oxon  ;  and  in  1568  it  passed 
to  Stephen  Hales,  who  in  the  following  year  transferred  his 
interest  to  Robert  Lawrence,  of  Shipton. 

In  1562,  Scory,  then  Bishop  of  Hereford,  granted  the  Manors 
of  Sevenhampton  and  Brockhampton  to  Queen  Elizabeth  in  ex- 
change for  other  estates.  During  the  time  that  Queen  Elizabeth 
was  Lady  of  the  Manor,  certain  tenants  for  a  fine  of  £5  were 
permitted  to  enclose  lands,  the  schedule  of  which  is  signed  by 
Richard  Pate,  steward  of  the  manor.  He  was  the  founder  of  the 
Grammar  School,  at  Cheltenham.  In  the  same  reign  (18th  Eliz.) 
lands  in  Sevenhampton,  Brockhampton,  and  Clopley,  viz.,  Hattars, 
Colynes,  Reeves,  &c,  lately  belonging  to  the  Bishop  of  Hereford, 
were  granted  to  Sir  Christopher  Hatton.1  In  1590  the  same  Queen, 
by  Letters  Patent,  granted  to  Thomas  Crompton,  Robert  Wright, 
and  Giles  Meyrick  (trustees  for  Robert  Devereux,  Earl  of  Essex— 
Meyrick  was  his  steward,  and  was  afterwards  executed,  together 
with  him,  for  complicity  in  his  treason)  all  her  manors  of  Seven- 
hampton and  Brockhampton,  late  the  property  of  the  Bishop  of 
Hereford,  with  rents  of  assize,  customary  rents,  scite  of  manor 
house,  and  demesne,  court  baron,  view  of  frank  pledge,  free  warren, 
fairs,  markets,  tolls,  customs,  and  all  appurtenances. 

In  1591  Crompton  and  others  assigned  their  interest  to  Sir 
Thomas  Throckmorton,  of  Corse,  Knight,  and  Reginald  Nicholas, 
Pat.  Rolls. 


Sevenhamptox.  333 

of  Prestbury.  The  former  moiety  passed  to  William  Throckmor- 
ton, of  Tortworth,  Esq.,  son  of  Sir  Thomas,  by  gift,  who  in  1608 
purchased  the  Nicholas  moiety  from  Reginald  Nicholas  and  Thos. 
Nicholas,  Esq.,  of  Stratton,  his  son,  and  conveyed  the  manors  and 
their  appurtenances  to  Anthony  Lawrence,  son  of  Robt.  Lawrence, 
of  Shipton,  from  which  time  it  is  said  the  manors  of  Sevenhampton 
and  Brockhampton  have  remained  in  the  blood  of  the  Lawrence 
family. 

In  34  Edward  III.,  Walter  Frenche,  of  Brockhampton  in  the 
Wold,  granted  all  his  lands  in  Brockhampton,  Whitehall  and 
Clopley  to  William  House  and  John  le  Eyr  in  fee.  Two  of 
the  witnesses  being  John  Solers,  of  Shipton  Solers,  and  John 
de  Upcote  (Withington). 

In  35  Edward  III.  Edinunde  de  Crupes,  of  Whittington,  held 
lands  in  Brockhampton  in  capite. 

In  11  Richard  II.,  Robert  Coles,  of  Northleach,  grants  to  Thomas 
le  Frenche  of  Brockhampton  in  the  Wold}  a  parcel  of  wood 
called  Anneys  Wood,  lying  between  Puckcombe  and  Nash 
Quarry,  abutting  on  the  Bishop  of  Hereford's  land  and 
extending  to  the  King's  highway  leading  to  Stowe,  and  in 

8  Henry  VI.,  the  same  Thomas  le  Frenche,  Clerk,  grants  all  his 
lands  in  Brockhampton,  Clopley,  Whitewell  and  the  Grove, 
called  Agney's  Wood  to  Walter  Baker,  of  Winchcombe. 

There  is  a  crown  grant  of  a  messuage  and  200  acres  in  Brock- 
ington  to  Thomas  Dutton,  surveyor  of  crown  lands  in  Gloucester- 
shire, to  be  held  of  the  manor  of  Prestbury. 

In  14th  Car.  I.  (1639,)  Paul  Pert,  Esq.,  Comptroller  of  the 
King's  Counting  House,  bought  lands  here  of  Anthony  Lawrence, 
and  built  Brockhampton  House  on  Ford  Hey,  purchased  from 
Thomas  Chandler,  in  the  15th  year  of  that  King.  This  estate 
he  demised  by  will  to  Ann  Skipwith,  his  niece  ;  she  married 
Ralph  Dodwell,  Paul,  son  and  heir,  who  married  Dame  Elizabeth, 
only  daughter  of  William  Rogers,  Esquire,  and  relict  of  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh,  Knight.,  both  of  Sandiwell  ;  their  eldest  son 
William  Dodwell,  afterwards  Sir  William  Dodwell,  Knight., 
1  Vide  Bigland's  Continuation  by  Sir  Thos.  Phillipps,  Bart.,  in  loco. 
Vol.  XIV.  y 


334  Transactions  foe,  the  Year  1SS9  90. 

married  twice,  viz. — 1st.  Anne,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Lethieullier,  of  Lewisham,  in  the  County  of  Kent,  Knight,  relict 
of  John  Deleau,  of  Whaddon,  co.  Surrey,  Esq.,  no  issue ;  2nd. 
Mary,  daughter  of  Francis  Fuller,  Esq.,  and  relict  of  Thomas 
Miller,  Esq.,  by  whom  there  was  a  daughter  Mary  ;  in  1746 
she  married  Thomas  Tracy,  whom  she  long  survived ;  their  only 
child,  Dodwell  Tracy,  died  unmarried.  Mrs.  Tracy  died  leaving 
no  issue,  and  intestate.  Judith  and  Patience  Timbrell  and 
Rebecca  Lightbourne  were  found,  by  verdict  of  Jury  in  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  in  1806,  to  be  three  of  her  coheirs.  Rebecca 
Lightbourne  survived  her  sisters,  and  from  her  the  estates  passed 
to  William  Morris,  Esq.,  and  his  son,  who  had  assumed  the  name 
of  his  mother's  family,  the  late  Walter  Lawrence  Lawrence,  Esq., 
of  Sevenhampton  Manor.  Brockhampton  Park  and  the  adjoining 
estate  became  the  property  of  the  Craven  family  at  the  end  of  the 
last  century  or  the  beginning  of  the  present ;  now  held  by  Fulwar 
Craven,  Esq. l  The  house  was  greatly  enlarged  and  beautified 
about  25  years  ago. 

THE  BENEFICE. 
William  de  Wycombe,  fourth  prior,  and  also  the  Historian  of 
Lanthony,  tells  us  that  in  the  second  year  from  the  time  of  their 
departure  from  Wales,  the  bishop  transferred  the  brethren  to 
Gloucester.  He  helped  them  much  with  his  influence  and  money, 
and  by  reason  of  his  importunity  Milo  of  Gloucester  gave  them  a 
piece  of  land,  called  the  Hyde  and  in  the  Charter  "  the  Castelle 
Mead,"  as  a  site  for  their  new  Priory  of  Lanthony  :  "  as  an 
additional  subsidy  (says  the  same  writer)  the  bishop  gave  them 
the  two  churches  of  Frome  and  Presteberie.  Moreover,  to  the 
very  end  of  his  life,  he  made  over  to  them  the  town  of  Presteberie, 
with  all  its  income."  This  was  Robert  de  Betun  (formerly  their 
Prior),  who  became  Bishop  of  Hereford  in  1131. 

'  Presteberie,'  at  this  period,  appears  to  have  had  two  churches 
["  unam  sub  montibus,  alteram  super  montibus  "]  the  one  '  super 
montibus  '  (on  the  hills)  being  the  church  or  chapel  of  this  ville  of 
Sevenhampton,  and  the  tithes  of  this  ville  (with  the  exception  of 

2  Died  since  this  paper  was  written  viz.  Jan.  19th,  1890. 


£9 

6 

8 

1 

15 

4 

1 

13 

4 

Seven  ha  mptox.  333 

two  portions  of  the  tythe  of  the  demesne,  given  to  the  Dean  and 
Precentor  of  Hereford)  were  allotted  by  him  to  the  new  Lanthony. 

The  office  of  Precentor  in  the  Cathedral  of  Hereford  is  said  to 
have  been  created  cir.  1199,  but  the  Register  of  Lanthony  Priory 
contains  a  charter  of  Robert  Bishop  of  Hereford  addressed  to 
Symon  Bishop  of  Worcester — in  which  mention  is  made  of  the 
Precentor — the  date  of  which  must  not  be  later  than  1148,  in 
which  year  the  former  died,  the  latter  in  1149. 

In  1291  (Pope  Nicholas'  Taxation)  we  have  the  following 
values  : 

Ecclesia  de  Sevenhampton 
Item,  porcio  Decani  de  Hereford 
Item,  porcio  Precentoris  de  Hereford 

It  is  this,  I  imagine,  which  guides  Fosbrooke,  Avho  writes 
"This  parish  was  parcel  of  Prestbury,  but  was  created  separate, 
before  1291." 

Lanthony  Prioi-y  had  license,  21st  Ric.  II.  (1398),  to  appro- 
priate Prestbury,  but  "  the  portion  "  of  a  vicar  is  mentioned  in 
1291.  The  Priory  of  Lanthony  was  surrendered  to  the  Crown, 
29th  Henry  VIII.  (1538),  when  its  value  was  returned  as 
£748  Os.   Hid. 

In  36th  Hen.  VIII.  (1545),  we  find  a  grant  on  the  Patent  Roll 3 
to  William  Berners,  Esq.,  one  of  the  King's  auditors,  and  his 
heirs,  of  all  the  manor  and  messuage  and  farm  of  Sevehampton 
alias  Sevenhampton  ;  all  our  rectory  and  church,  with  all  its  rights 
and  members  now  in  the  tenure  or  occupation  of  Roger  Fowler, 
yeoman,  and  lately  belonging  to  the  Monastery  or  Priory  of 
Lanthony,  near  our  city  of  Gloucester.  The  Advowson,  of  the 
Vicarage  of  the  Parochial  Church  of  Sevehampton,4  otherwise 
Sevenhampton ;  also  all  houses,  buildings,  lands,  tenements, 
pastures,  grazings,  tithes,  oblations,  obventions,  and  all  other 
profits  and  emoluments  whatsoever  ;  and  the  wood,  called  Prior  s 

1  Taxatio  Ecclesiastica,  p.  223.         -  Fosbrooke,  Vol.  II  ,  p.  444. 

3  Patent  Roll,  31  Hen.  VIII.,  pt.  13,  m.  so. 

4  It  will  be  noticed  that  a  Vicarage  is  here  mentioned,  although  no 
assignment  of  a  vicarage  has,  so  far,  been  found  in  the  Bishop's  Registers  at 
Worcester. 

Y    2 


336  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

Grove,  containing  1\  acres — all  to  be  held  in  free  socage  as  of  our 
Manor  of  Standysshe  in  the  said  co.  of  Gloucester. 

This  grantee  sold  the  Rectory  and  Advowson  in  the  following 
year  to  Joanna  Davys,  widow,  from  whom,  in  1563,  it  passed  by 

1  It  appears  from  the  documents  in  the  Appendix  {post)  that  the  Bishop 
of  Hereford  in  1135  granted,  inter  alia,  the  Church  of  Sevenhampton  with 
all  the  tithes,  except  as  excepted,  to  the  Prior  and  Canons  of  Lanthony 
(No.  303)  which  gi-ant  was  confirmed  by  the  Consistorial  Court  of  Worcester 
in  1275  (No.  71),  and  the  Dean  Rural  of  Winchcombe  was  commanded  to 
induct  the  said  Prior  and  Canons  into  the  said  church  and  to  defend  their 
right  therein. 

The  Prior  and  Canons  of  an  Augustinian  Priory  had  authority  to  act  as 
Ordinary  by  delegation,  and  being  in  absolute  possession  it  was  optional 
with  them  whether  they  would  personally  perform  the  ministerial  duties,  or 
assign  a  vicarage,  or  appoint  a  chaplain.  They  evidently  elected  the  former 
course,  for  there  is  no  institution  to  a  vicarage,  or  license  to  a  chaplain,  to 
be  found  in  the  Episcopal  Registers  at  Worcester  down  to  the  dissolution  of 
the  priory. 

The  Augustinian  Priory  of  Lanthony  was  surrendered  by  Prior  Richard 
Hempsted,  alias  Hart,  with  21  canons,  on  10th  May,  1539,  and  by  Letters 
Patent,  dated  25th  March,  1545,  the  King  granted,  inter  alia,  to  William 
Berners,  Esq.,  one  of  the  auditors  of  the  Court  of  Augmentation,  the  manor, 
messuage  and  farm  of  Sevenhampton,  together  with  the  rectory  and  church 
with  all  their  rights,  members  and  appurtenances  heretofore  belonging  to 
the  Priory  of  Lanthony  lately  dissolved,  and  the  advowson,  donation  and 
free  disposal  and  right  of  presentation  to  the  vicarage  of  the  parish  church. 
To  have,  hold,  and  enjoy  the  said  manorial  rights,  rectory,  advowsons,  &c, 
tithes,  oblations,  obventions,  &c. ,  with  their  appurtenances  to  the  said 
William  Berners,  his  heirs  and  assigns  for  ever  to  the  private  use  of  the  said 
William  Berners  for  ever,  liable  to  all  rents,  services,  &c,  to  be  held  as 
fully  and  entirely  as  the  last  Prior  of  Lanthony  enjoyed  the  same. 

After  the  grant  by  the  King  to  William  Berners,  he  and  his  successors 
would  seem  to  have  concluded  from  the  fulness  of  the  grant  that  they  stood 
in  the  same  relation  to  the  church  as  did  the  prior  and  canons,  and  from 
that  time  the  church  would  appear  to  have  been  treated  as  a  donative  ;  the 
stipend  of  the  minister,  viz.,  ten  pounds,  being  paid  by  the  owners  of  the 
Impropriate  Rectory,  as  a  charge  on  the  same. 

Joshua  Aylworth,  Esq.,  b}r  deed  dated  1st  April,  1715,  demised  his 
manor  of  Aylworth,  &c,  to  trustees  to  pay  £800  in  equal  proportions  to 
four  parishes  of  which  Sevenhampton  was  one,  for  the  augmentation  of  the 
income  of  the  respective  incumbents.  This  would  seem  to  have  produced  a 
revenue  of  £10  per  annum. 

Upon  an  application  being  made  to  the  Governors  of  Queen  Anne's 
Bounty  in  1733  for  an  augmentation  to  the  stipend  of  the  clergyman,  the 
bishop  certified  it  to  be  a  curacy  with  a  stipend  of  £10  a  year,  and  accord- 
ingly a  further  sum  of  £200  was  granted  by  the  Governors.  And  whether  a 
donative  or  chapelry  this  grant  of  the  Governors  would  at  once  convert  it 
into  a  perpetual  cure  under  the  Act  of  1st  George  I.,  cap.  10,  sec.  4. — Ed. 


Sevexhamptox.  337 

purchase  to  William  Wenman  and  Thomas  Chandler,  after  which 
came  a  partition  into  severalty.  Wenman's  moiety,  passing  in 
1569  to  Stephen  Hales  by  purchase,  and  afterwards  in  the  same 
manner  to  Robert  Lawrence,  in  whose  descendants  it  remained. 
As  for  Chandler's  moiety,  it  continued  in  that  family  for  awhile, 
viz.,  until  circa  1625,  when  it  passed  to  Joseph  Hinckesman. 

THE  PARSONAGE  HOUSE. 

The  present  Parsonage  House  was  built  in  1850,  or  there- 
abouts :  at  the  sole  cost,  as  it  is  said,  (with  the  exception  of  a 
grant  of  <£200  by  Queen  Anne's  Bounty  Board)  of  the  Rev. 
Edward  Ellerton,  D.D.,  Fellow  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford  ; 
joint  founder  of  the  Pusey  and  Ellerton  Hebrew  Scholarships  in 
that  University  ;  and  for  the  space  of  twenty- six  years  Perpetual 
Curate  of  Sevenhampton. 

A  Terrier  of  Lands  in  the  Bishop's  Registry  at 

Gloucester. 
Anno  Dofn.  1683. 

The  Account  of  Lands  given  to  the  use  of  the  church  of  Saint 
Andrew  in  the  Parish  of  Sevenhampton  in  the  County  of  Glou- 
cester. 

On  the  20th  of  September  in  the  nineteenth  yeare  of  the 
Raigne  of  King  Henry  the  Seventh,  [1504],  was  given  on*",  parcell 
of  wast  ground  lying  between  the  High  way  and  the  Church  yard, 
36  foot  in  length,  and  21  foot  in  breadth,  to  build  a  House 
called  a  Church  House  there,  for  the  use  of  the  Church  of  St. 
Andrew  in  the  foresaid  p'sh  of  Sevenhampton  by  Hadrian  Castell 
then  lord  Bishop  of  Hereford  as  appeareth  by  an  Indenture  in 
our  possession — Paying  to  the  lord  of  the  Mannor  one  halfpenny 
at  the  Feast  of  St.  Michael  yearly. 

There  is  no  other  Lands  or  anything  else  as  we  know  of  given 
to  Pious  or  Charitable  use  in.  our  P'ish. 

WILLIAM  LONGFORD,  * 

tTTTT.TTA,r  ,-r-r^^  vChnrclwmrdens. 

WILLIAM  NIND,  J 

Approved  by  me, 

CHARLTON    BARK SD ALE, 

Curate 
Examined 

29  Oct.,  1683. 


338  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

Joshua  Aylworth,  Esq.,  of  Aylworth,  in  this  County,  by  deed 
bearing  date  April  1,  1715,  demised  his  manor  and  estate  of 
Aylworth,  to  Aylworth  Freeman  and  Thomas  Aylworth,  Gent., 
in  trust  ;  amongst  other  legacies,  he  bequeathed  towards  the 
augmentation  of  the  spiritual  income  of  ye  several  poor  benefices 
of  ye  several  towns  or  Hamlets  of  Charlton  Abbots,  Cold  Salper- 
ton,  Sevenhampton  and  Compton  Abdale,  all  lying  in  the  County 
of  Gloucester,  ye  sum  of  Two  Hundred  Pounds  to  each  said 
town  or  hamlet,  to  be  laid  out  by  the  said  Trustees,  or  the  Sur- 
vivor of  them  in  ye  most  prudent  manner,  as  a  Perpetual 
additional  maintenance  for  ye  respective  Incumbents  for  ye  time 
being  ...  in  a  purchase  to  be  made  of  Lands  in  Fee  Simple." 

This  sum  of  £800  was  accordingly  laid  out  by  the  said 
Trustees  in  the  purchase  of  lands  lying  within  the  manor  of 
Cheltenham. — Lansdown  MSS. — No.  OSS.     British  Museum. 

In  1733,  the  benefice  was  further  augmented  by  the  bequest 
of  £200  by  Sir  William  Dodwell,  of  Brockhampton,  Knight,  met 
by  a  corresponding  grant  of  £200  from  Queen  Anne's  Bounty. 

By  the  "  Sevenhampton  Enclosure  Act.,"  the  tythes  were 
commuted  for  land  in  1818,  when  217a.  3r.  13p.  were  allotted  to 
the  Lawrence  family,  then  represented  by  William  Morris  (in  right 
of  his  wife),  and  221a.  Or.  39p.  to  the  Hinckesmans.  At  the 
same  time,  the  portions  of  tythe  belonging  to  the  Dean  and 
Precentor  of  Hereford  were  commuted  for  77a.  3r.  28p.  Thus 
making  a  total  of  517  acres,  which  represented  the  ancient  pro- 
vision made  for  the  service  of  God  within  this  parish. 

The  seventy-seven  acres  then  allotted  to  the  Dean  and  Pre- 
centor of  Hereford  having  been  acquired  by  the  Ecclesiastical 
Commissioners,  and  sold  by  them,  they  have  been  enabled  to  re- 
store to  the  benefice,  the  produce  of  this  portion  of  its  long 
alienated  possessions — alienated  for  at  least  seven  hundred  years  ! 

POPULATION. 
The  following  Table  shews  the  population  of  the  parish  at  two 
dates  in  the  18th  century,  and  at  each  decennial  period  when  the 
census  has  been  taken  in  the  19th  century  : — 


Sev 

EXHAMPTOX. 

Population. 

1700 

(Atkyns) 

- 

180 

1770 

(Rudder) 

- 

288 

1801 

- 

- 

349 

1802 

- 

- 

354 

1811 

- 

- 

334 

1821 

- 

- 

386 

1831 

- 

- 

465 

1811 

- 

- 

471 

1851 

- 

- 

553 

1861 

- 

- 

543 

1871 

- 

- 

526 

1881 

. 

- 

512 

339 


THE  CHURCH. 
The  Church  is  dedicated  to  St.  Andrew.  Sir  Robert  Atkyns, 
in  his  History  of  Gloucestershire,  states  that  Sevenhampton 
Church  was  built  by  John  Camber,  who  died  in  1447,  and  lies 
buried  in  the  chancel.  This  has  been  repeated  by  other  writers. 
The  late  Rev.  J.  L.  Petit  says  that  from  this  statement  he 
expected  to  find  that  most  valuable  thing — a  church  of  one 
style,  and  of  a  certain  date.  He  was  consequently  much  disap- 
pointed when  having  made  a  pilgrimage  to  it,  a  glance  shewed 
him  that  Atkyns  had  made  a  mistake,  and  that  the  architecture 
of  the  church  ranged  from  Early  English,  of  a  very  rude  character, 

to  a  debased  Perpendicular. 
Nevertheless  (he  remarks)  it 
is  a  building  of  great  interest, 
and  no  doubt  a  considerable 
part  of  it,  especially  the  cen- 
tral tower  and  south  porch, 
the  outer  door  of  which  has 
the  tracery  of  the  spandrels 
pierced,  belongs  to  the  date 
assigned.  The  front  of  the 
south  transept  has  a  triplet 
of  lancets,  and  the  chancel 
Fig.  14.    Sevenhampton  Church.  has   likewise    indications     of 

Early  English.     The  north  transept  has  a  late  Decorated  window, 
and  the  chancel  some  early  Perpendicular  work  introduced.     But 


340 


Transactions  foe  the  Year  1SS9-90. 


the  principal  feature  is  the  curious  insertion  of  the  central  tower. 
On  approaching  the   church 
it  seems  of  very  good  dimen- 
sions, yet  it  is  considerably  , 
narrower  than  the  nave.   Its 
western    piers    consequently  ; 
are  detached   (though   there  $ 
are  no  aisles  to  the  church)  4& 
and  as  they  are  not  very  mas- 
sive, they  are    strengthened 
by  flying   buttresses    in  the  || 
interior  from  the  piers  to  the 
corresponding  angles  between 
the  nave  and  transepts.  Fig.  15    Interior  of  Sevenhampton  Church  Tower. 

The  tower  is  open  to  the  interior  considerably  above  the  roof  of 
the  transepts,  and  has  a  north  and  south  window  ;  above,  there  is 
a  vaulted  roof,  with  angel  corbels  with  shields.  Neither  these 
windows  nor  the  belfry  windows  have  their  lights  foliated,  though 
the  latter  are  of  very  good  composition.  The  tower  presents  a 
fine  bold  outline,  from  the  stair-turret  at  the  south-east  angle.  The 
south  porch  is  close  to  the  transept,  which  has  a  string-course  rest- 
ing on  brackets  on  its  west  side,  stopped  by  the  face  of  the  porch. 

Sir  Stephen  Glynne  writes  :  "  This  is  a  small  cruciform  church 
having  a  central  tower  and  no  aisles.  The  greater  part  is  Perpen- 
dicular, but  there  is  earlier  work  in  the  chancel  which  has  single 
lancets  on  the  north  and  south — the  latter  of  a  lychnoscopic 
character,  and  with  rebate  for  a  shutter.  The  eastern  window  is 
Perpendicular  of  three  lights,  and  there  is  one  Perpendicular 
window  on  the  north  and  south  next  the  eastern  end,  with  some 
fair  old  stained  glass.  The  external  wall  at  the  eastern  end  shews 
that  the  original  east  window  was  an  Early  English  triplet — (this, 
I  think,  is  now  to  be  found  in  the  south  transept ;  it  has  shafts 
internally  ;  and  the  contrast  is  great  between  the  plainness  of  the 
exterior  and  the  gracefulness  of  the  interior ;)  on  the  east  of  this 
transept  is  a  late  square-headed  window  of  two  lights  ;  there  is  a 
similar  window  in  the  north  transept,  which  also  has  a  good 


Sevenhampton,  341 

Decorated  two-light  window  on  its  north.  The  transepts  have 
moulded  parapets.  The  windows  of  the  nave  are  Perpendicular  of 
two  lights,  some  square  headed.  The  arrangement  of  the  tower 
is  very  singular,  as  it  does  not  fill  up  the  width  of  the  transepts  ; 
the  north  and  south  arches  are  very  small  and  narrow,  and  con- 
nected with  the  western  tower  piers  by  flying  buttresses  ;  they 
leave  a  wall  space  next  the  chancel.  The  tower,  above  the  arches, 
is  open  as  a  lanthorn,  having  Perpendicular  windows  of  two  lights. 
The  arches  are  all  continuous  without  capitals,  and  of  plain  Per- 
pendicular character,  though  not  corresponding  in  size.  The 
tower,  externally,  has  a  battlement  and  octagonal  stair  turret  at 
the  south- east.  There  is  a  pointed  arched  door  to  the  tower  stairs 
opening  from  the  south  transept :  "  these  stairs  formerly  communi- 
cated with  the  rood  loft,  as  a  now  blocked  up  doorway  shows. 

There  is  no  piscina  now  visible  in  the  church, — though  doubt- 
less originally  possessing  at  least  its  three  altars,  viz.,  at  the  east 
end,  and  in  the  two  transepts.  There  is  a  passage — ambulatory — 
between  the  north  transept  and  the  chancel — it  is  too  large,  I 
suppose,  for  a  Hagioscope,  though  probably  it  also  served  as  such ; 
the  stone  slab  forming  the  roof  is,  1  believe,  the  ancient  altar  stone, 
some  of  the  original  five  crosses  are  still  tangible,  though  by 
reason  of  the  pews  not  easily  seen.  There  is  a  round-headed 
priest's  door  on  the  south.  There  is  an  ancient  stone  shelf  which 
is  interesting,  as  it  shews  the  height  of  the  original  altar,  and  the 
floor  level.  The  elevation  of  the  altar,  by  a  succession  of  steps, 
was  not  common  in  the  early  days  of  the  church  of  our  fathers, 
but  the  change  in  this  respect  was  gradually  made.  The  church 
of  Dowdeswell,  which  is  of  late  date,  is  an  example  of  the  new 
mode  of  giving  dignity  to  the  altar  by  raising  it  much  above  the 
level  of  the  nave.  "A  frontell  for  the  schelfe  standyng  on  the 
Altar,  of  blue  sarsenet,  with  brydds  of  golde,  &c."  is  mentioned 
in  the  Churchwardens' Accounts,  St.  Mary  at  Hill,  in  1486.  There 
is  an  early  buttress  at  the  west  end. 

The  county  histories  gave  no  account  of  the  John  Camber 
mentioned  in  connection  with  this  church,  so  that  there  was  much 
conjecture  concerning  him.     However  I  was  fortunate  enough  to 


342  Transactions  for  the  Year  1839-90. 

discover  his  will,  dated  Sept.  15th,  1496,  in  the  Probate  Court 
Registry  at  Somerset  House,  a  few  years  ago.  It  is  written  in 
the  English  of  the  period  :  "  I  bequeathe  my  soule  to  Almyghte 
God,  oure  lady  Saint  Mary  and  to  all  the  Hallowes  of  heven,  and 
my  body  to  be  buried  within  that  Holy  Churche  in  whatsoever 
Parishe  it  shall  so  tyme  me  to  decease  :  And  I  bequeathe  to 
the  same  churche  werke  that  my  bodye  shalbe  buried  in,  Cs." 

To  the  curate  of  the  same  to  pray  for  his  soule,  6s  8d.  To 
every  priest  that  shall  be  at  the  Dirige  and  Mass  at  his  burying,  8d. 

There  is  no  description  of  his  occupation  or  place  of  abode, 
but  the  next  clause  of  the  will  suggests  that  his  domicile  was  in 
the  City  of  Worcester,  and  I  think  we  shall  not  be  very  far 
wrong  if  we  take  him  to  have  been  a  wealthy  wool  merchant  who 
periodically  visited  the  Cotteswolds  for  the  purposes  of  his  business. 

"  Two  honeste  prestes  that  be  quere  (choir)  men  to  help  the 
quere,"  were  to  be  appointed  by  his  executors,  to  sing  and  pray 
for  his  soul  "  within  the  parish  churche  of  Saint  Andrew  in 
Worcester,  by  the  space  of  two  yeres,  to  either  of  them  £6  by  the 
yere.' 

To  the  Friars  Preachers  at  Worcester  to  pray  for  his  soul  20s, 
and  a  like  sum  to  the  Convent  of  Grey  Friars  in  that  city. 

His  "Month's  mind"  was  to  be  kept  within  St.  Andrew's 
church — every  priest  present  at  Dirige  and  Mass  to  have  6d., 
every  parish  clerk  2d,  and  "  every  other  childe  that  may  be  at 
Dirige  and  Mass,  ld."  The  same  clay  no  less  than  100s  was  to  be 
distributed  amongst  "  poore  people  ....  to  every  pore  woman 
and  childe,  one  penny."  For  the  marriage  portion  of  maidens  in 
the  same  city  within  a  year  of  his  decease,  68  8d  each.  Various 
bequests  to  cousins  and  others  ;  40s  to  his  servant  who  had  ap- 
parently assumed  his  name  -,1  to  his  executors,  Master  Thomas 
Morton,  Sir  Richard  Gardiner,  and  Sir  John  Sindithurst  :  the 
whole  residue  of  his  goods  to  be  disposed  of  "  after  their  discretion 
and  minds  for  the  welthe  "  of  his  soul. 

This  will  was  proved  in  the  Court  of  the  Archbishop  at  Lam- 
beth within  two  yeais  of  its  date,  viz.,  May  5th,  1498:  so  that 
any  new  work  in  this  church  must  have  been  subsequent  to  that 

year. 

1  It  is  more  probable  that  the  servant  was  a  relation.    A  practice  very 
common  at  the  date  of  the  will. — Ed. 


PLATE  XIX. 


Seven  HAMPToy.  343 

The  window  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel  contains  some 
fragments  of  stained  glass,  in  which  the  initials  J.C.  or  T.C.  can 
be  traced  ;  in  the  quatrefoil  there  is  a  device  of  a  ram. 

MONUMENTS. 
On  the  chancel  floor  in  front  of  the  altar  is  a  small  brass  30ins. 
by  13ins.  The  feet  and  inscription  were,  for  many  years,  concealed 
by  a  step.  The  step  has  recently  been  removed  and  the  inscription 
disclosed.  It  is  as  follows,  the  words  being  here  extended  :  "  Hie 
jacet  Johannes  Camber  qui  obiit  vicesimo  sexto  die  mensis  ffebruarii 
Anno  Domini  m°ccccxcvii°.  cujus  anime  propicietur  Deus.  Amen." 
{Plate  XIX.)  This  inscription  affords  an  early  example  of  the 
modern  method  of  writing  the  number  ninety ;  viz.,  100  minus 
10,  it  having  been  more  usual  at  that  date  to  write  it  lxxxx. 

The  costume  of  the  figure  would  indicate  that  the  deceased 
belonged  to  the  grade  of  a  well-to-do  yeoman  or  merchant.  His 
hair  is  full  and  long,  covering  the  ears,  and  is  cut  so  as  to  form  a 
fringe  extending  almost  to  the  eye-brows,  with  no  appearance  of 
beard,  whisker,  or  moustache.  He  wears  a  tunic  which  reaches 
below  the  ankles.  It  opens  down  the  front,  but  in  this  case  it  is 
closed,  though  the  mode  of  fastening  is  not  shewn.  At  the  waist 
it  is  confined  by  a  wide  girdle  from  which  depends,  on  the  left 
side  a  gypciere,  and  on  the  right  a  tasselled  rosary.  The  sleeves 
are  long  and  loose,  wider  at  the  wrists  than  at  the  elbows,  the 
collar  is  a  narrow  band.  The  tunic  covers  the  fastening,  if  any, 
of  the  shoes,  which  are  pointed,  a  fashion  which  was  soon  super- 
seded by  broad  round  toes.  Over  the  right  shoulder  is  thrown  a 
hood,  which  consists  of  a  cap  resembling  a  Scotch  bonnet,  and  to 
it  is  attached  a  long  streamer,  or  scarf,  which  reaches  below  the 
knees,  and  is  sometimes  called  a  liripipe,  which  was  used  for 
wrapping  round  the  head  when  required.  The  figure  is  repre- 
sented full  faced,  with  the  hands  joined  in  the  attitude  of  prayer. 
The  brass  is  in  excellent  preservation.1 

The  chancel  contains  some  quaint  epitaphs  of  the  17th  century. 

That  to  the  memory  of  William   Chandler,  who  held  a  moiety  of 

the  impropriation,  is  as  follows  : 

1  For  further  information  see  Haines's  Manual,  Vol.  II.,  page  69,  and 
Davis's  Brasses  of  Gloucestersliire,  No.  xxxix. 


344  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

"  Subtus  dormit  qd  extingui  potuit  Gvlielmi  Candelarii  de 
Senhampton,  pie  demortui  xxvi.  Jan.  Anno.  MDCLI.  JEtat  LVII." 

MS. 
"  Lumine  Mors  corpus  spoliavit  terra  recondit, 
Splendet  adhuc  nomen,  mens  pia  splendet  idem 
Lucerit  hoc  olim  Corpus  Lumenque  videbit 
Non  obcfecandum  Lumine  (Christe)  tuo." 

English  Poetical  Version  (  W.H.S.) 
"  His  light  is  quench'd,  his  earth  to  earth  consign'd — 
Yet  shines  his  name,  yet  shines  his  godly  mind  : 
And  e'en  his  body  shall  one  day  be  bright, 
And  in  Christ's  Light,  for  ever  shall  see  light." 

The  play  upon  the  name  Chandler  running  throughout  will  be 
remarked. 

On  a  wooden  tablet,  on  the  north  wall  of  the  chancel  is  a 
memorial  of  the  Carter  Family,  of  Charlton  Abbots. 
Arms — Checquy  arg.  and  sable,  on  a  bend  gules  three  escallofys  or. 
(Partridge). 

Crest—  Out  of  a  ducal  coronet  a  horse's  head  arg.,  ducally  gorged 

or. 

Heic  altum  dormit  inter  agnatos 

Cineres,  Anna  Perdkia  Stirpe  Antiqua, 

et  memoranda,  uxor  Joh.  Aurigarii 

de  Charltonia  ex  Abbate.  Gen. 

Supra  morem  Fida,  Prudens,  Pia. 

Demortua  Feb.  xxi  (  Sal.  mdclii 
Anno  \  /Etat.  lvi. 

MS. 
Qua?  fuit  feterna  in  terris  dignissima  fama 

Terra  (qua  potuit  parte  jacere)  jacet, 
Mens  ccelo  demissa  solo  de  terra  cuducas 
Ruperat  exuvias  la?ta  reditque  domum. 
Abijt,  non  Obijt. 

In  the  churchyard,  near  the  chancel  door,  may  be  seen  an 
ancient  coffin-lid,  and  the  fragment  of  an  effigy,  probably  a  lady. 
The  former  measures  6ft.  Gins,  in  length,  30ins.  at  the  head,  and 
20ins.  at  the  foot.  It  is  slightly  coped,  and  shews  traces  of  a 
raised  Calvary  Cross.  The  head  of  the  effigy  is  represented  rest- 
ing on  a  cushion      Both  supposed  to  be  of  13th  century  date. 


Sevenhamptox.  345 

THE  CHURCH  BELLS. 
There  are  three  bells  in  the  Tower  with   the   following   in- 
scriptions : — 

1  BE -YEE-FOLLOWARES- OF -GOD- AS  •  DE  ARE -CHILDREN.     \qqi  :„ 

W.  •  CHANDLER  ■  1650.  J        2 

2  ►£■  SANCTE  §  GABRIEL  §  ORA  §  PRO  §  NOBIS.  32  ill. 

3  IOHN    TIMBRELL,    CHURCHWARDEN,    A.     R.     1718.  341  in. 

These  Bells  are  of  more  than  usual  interest.  To  the  epigraph  on  the  first 
bell,  Mr.  Ellacombe  has  appended  the  following  note/ — 

Before  and  after  the  date  are  impressions  of  a  spurious  Jewish  Shekel, 
such  as  are  still  made  for  sale.  The  devices  are  corrupt  followings  of  those 
on  the  true  shekel,  and  the  inscriptions  the  same,  but  in  the  square  charac- 
ter instead  of  the  original  "  Old  Hebrew  "  or  Samaritan. 

Obv. — A  cup  (cup   of  manna  or  wine   cup)   and   the  words    7J$4W  7pt£7 
(shekel  of  Israel). 

Rev. — A  branch  with  leaves  and  fruit  (olive  ?  Aaron's  rod  ? )  and  the  words 

rittHpii   D^l^^V  (Jerusalem  the  Holy). 

These  sham  shekels  were  figured  and  described  as  real  by  the  numis- 
matics of  the  17th  century,  and  are  still  to  be  bought  in  London,  fresh  from 
the  mint.  They  have  become  more  and  more  debased  in  character,  but  in  the 
earliest  and  best  of  them  the  imposture  is  as  evident  as  it  would  be  in  an 
imitation  of  a  coin  of  Edward  I.,  made  about  twice  the  size,  and  with  the 
inscription  in  modern  Roman  letters. 

I  am  indebted  to  the  kind  courtesy  of  the  Rev.  J.  T.  Fowler,  of  Durham, 
for  this  explanation.     (See  Notes  and  Queries,  5th  Ser.,  Vol.  IV.) 

The  second  bell  is  medireval,  with  the  legend  in  Early  Gothic  characters. 
—  Ed. 

This  is  the  Gabriel  bell  which  was  rung  every  morning  and 
evening,  and  thence  called  the  "  day  belle"  and  "Kerfow  belle." 
The  mid-day  bell  was  never  rung  in  England,  and  the  Angelus, 
as  used  abroad,  only  began  in  France  early  in  the  16th  century. 

MURAL  PAINTINGS. 
There  are  but  few  remains,  yet  I  think  the  whole  church  was 
formerly  richly  adorned.  At  the  restoration  of  the  south  window 
in  the  south  transept,  preparatory  to  the  insertion  of  a  memorial 
by  the  Walker  family  (the  subject,  St.  John  the  Baptist  pointing 
his  disciples  to  Jesus  as  the  Lamb  of  God),  some  mural  paintings 
were  discovered,  together  with  fragments  shewing  the  general 
mode  of  wall  treatment — these  have  been  variously  described,  and 
may  even  now  test  the  ingenuity  of  some  of  our  members  :  the 
first,  on  the  left,  represents  a  dog  and  pomegranate ;  the  second, 


346  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

on  the  same  side,  probably  the  Annunciation,  and  the  lily  stem 
bearing  its  three  white  flowers,  open  and  in  full  bloom  ;  the  third, 
on  the  right,  the  head  of  an  angel.  It  has  been  suggested,  how- 
ever, that  "  the  dog,  arrow  and  tree  seem  to  be  a  portion  of  a 
hunting  scene,  whilst  beneath  it,  is  a  portion  of  an  angelic  figure 
with  a  scroll,  or  perhaps  it  may  be  a  part  of  the  Agony  in  the 
Garden ;  the  lower  subject  on  the  right  is  said  to  be  a  part  of  the 
Descent  into  Hell."1 

During  the  reign  of  Edw.VI.  Texts  of  Scripture  with  borders, 
and  in  black  letter,  took  the  place  of  these  frescoes  ;  the  texts,  &c, 
were  defaced  in  the  succeeding  reign,  that  of  Mary:  Bishop 
Bonner's  injunctions  expressly  mentioning  this.  In  the  parish 
accounts  of  St.  Mary,  Devizes,  under  date  3rd  Mary  (1555),  we 
find,  "  Item,  paid  for  defacing  the  Scriptures  on  the  walls  ij8  iiijd." 

INCUMBENTS  OR  CURATES. 

No  institutions  to  this  Benefice  have  hitherto  been  found  in 

the  Episcopal  Registers  of  Worcester,  which  date  from  1268,  but 

the  Transcripts  of  the  Lanthony  Priory  Registers,  extracts  from 

which  are  given  in  the  Appendix,  furnish  us  with  the  names  of 

two  Rectors  : — 

Ante  1264,  Sir  John  de  Soincot  (Sesincot). 

Ante  1275,  Master  Ralph  de  Pirie. 
If  reference  be  made  to  No.  71  (post  p.351)  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  Prior  and  Convent  in  that  year,  1275,  succeeded  in  ousting 
the  Rector,  and  altogether  appropriating  the  benefice  to  them- 
selves, no  longer  content  with  the  portion  of  forty  shillings  which 
had  previously  been  paid  to  them  by  the  Rectors,  year  by  year. 

Probably  the  cure  of  souls  was  henceforth  held  by  the  Canons 
themselves  :  or,  the  Lessee  of  their  manor  might  be  bound  to 
provide  a  Chaplain  for  the  due  performance  of  the  divine  offices. 

In    "  An  Account  of  the  Diocese  of  Gloucester  sent  to  her 
Majestie  by  Richard,  bishop  of  Gloucester"  in  1562,  we  read  : — 
Senhampton      ^       The  parsonage  is  impropriated,  William 
ancj  I       Waineman  and  William    Chandler,   pro- 

Brokenton.  prietaries.      No  Curate.      The  number  of 

Howseholds  there  are  20. 
1  Science  and  Art  Dept.,  1885. 


Sevenhampton.  347 

Subsequently  to  the  Reformation  we  meet  with  the  following 

Curates  or  Ministers,  hut  the  list  is  imperfect — no  institutions 

being  requisite. 

1551.     John  Hanley. 

1565.     Miles  Busted. 

1584.     William  Busted. 

1594.     John  White. 

1597.     Elias  Woodroffe. 

1599.     Nicholas  Parry e. 

1607.     Miles  Nicholson. 

1619.     Robert  Williams. 

.     Foxe. 

1634      John  Williams. 

1662.     Thomas  Hook. 

1673.     Dobson. 

1676.     John  Burbyn. 

1678.     John  Farmer. 

1681.     Charlton  Barksdale. 

1713.     Gerard  Clements,  B.A. 

1723.     John  Hughes,  M.A. 

.     Petty. 

1758.     John  Lawrence,  LL.B. 

1S08.     William  Pearce,  M.A. 

1825.     Edward  Ellerton,  D.D. 

1851.     Charles  Chambers,  M.A. 

1862.     George  A.  Holdsworth,  M.A. 

1868.     George  E.  F.  Masters,  M.A. 

1872.     John  Melland  Hall,  M.A. 

1879.  Henry  Venn  Hebert,  M.A. 
A  coin  of  Ceolnoth,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  A.D.  834,  was 
discovered  either  in  the  churchyard  or  the  vicinity,  and  is  now  in 
the  possession  of  Mr.  C.  W.  Lawrence.  Remains,  probably  of  the 
period  of  the  Civil  Wars  were  discovered  near  the  south  door  of 
the  nave  in  the  present  footpath,  about  thirty  years  ago — four 
skulls  placed  closely  together,  with  a  portion  of  a  spear  or  javelin- 
head  and  a  stirrup,  as  if  of  silver,  and  quite  bright  even  then — ■ 
no  bones  discovered  there.    A  body  was  found  in  a  stone  coffin  on 


348  Transactions  for  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

Oat  Hill  at  the  time  of  the  enclosure,  a  battle  axe  also  near  the  same 
place.  Burials  on  the  north  side  were  anciently  made  without 
coffins,  sloping  stones  protecting  the  head.  John  Davis,  a  former 
sexton  and  parish  clerk,  found  in  a  grave  about  three  feet  deep, 
three  skeletons  "  all  of  a  heap  "  (as  he  put  it),  which  he  thought 
were  in  their  original  position. 

There  is  a  tradition  of  a  former  village,  at  a  spot  known  as 
"  Old  Sennington,"  about  half-a-mile  to  the  north-west  of  the 
present  church,  and  as  there  is  a  path  known  as  "  Church  "Walk  " 
between  two  rows  of  hazel  trees — the  original  chapel  of  Seven- 
hampton  may  have  been  built  there— (destroyed  later  on,  per- 
haps in  the  stormy  clays  of  Stephen),  when  Milo  quarrelled  with 
the  Bishop  of  Hereford.  Remains  of  foundations  may  still  be 
traced  all  over  the  ground.  A  circular  spot,  known  as  the 
Pigeon  House,  is  close  to  an  old  maple  tree,  which  (or  its  prede- 
cessor) may  have  been  a  boundary.  In  making  a  drain  (rather 
lower  down)  ashes  were  found,  and  some  coins,  of  which  no 
account  now  remains. 

The  Rev.W.  S.  Symonds,  in  "Hanley  Castle,"  gives  an  extract 
from  the  "Tewkesbury  Feoffees  Book,"  which  records  a  singular 
fact  in  connection  with  the  climate  of  the  Cotteswolds  : 

"Mem.  this  winter  (1634)  in  the  end  of  January  did  fall  the 
greatest  snowe  that  was  ever  seen  in  the  memory  of  man,  and  it 
was  soe  extreme  colde  and  violent  and  tempestuous,  that  divers 
going  home  from  market  and  elsewhere,  were  smothered  and 
starved  to  death.  And  in  the  August  following  a  greate  quan- 
titie  of  the  same  snowe  and  ice  did  remayne  at  Brock  ington 
quarre,  and  divers  went  purposely  to  see  it,  and  yett  it  was  a 
most  extreme  hott  summer." 

A  few  traditions  connected  with  the  Civil  Wars  still  linger 
here.  A  pestilence  is  said  to  have  broken  out  among  the  soldiers, 
and  the  sick  were  sheltered  in  an  old  tithe  barn  situated  a  little 
to  the  eastward  of  the  church,  and  adjoining  the  present 
vicarage ;  some  skeletons  were  also  discovered  on  the  site  of  the 
Vicarage — numerous  burials  took  place  on  the  north  side  of  the 
churchyard,  which  appears  to  have  been  very  generally  used  and 


Sevexhampton*.  349 

more  spacious  than  that  on  the  south,  which  has  been  consider- 
ably enlarged  of  late — in  consequence,  however,  of  this  pestilence 
burials  on  the  north  side  were  long  discontinued,  except  in  family 
vaults. 

APPENDIX. 

From  Transcripts  of  the  Registers  of  Lanthony  Priory  in  the 
Tluirlestaine  Bouse  Library. 

R[obert],  Bishop    of   Hereford,1  knowing  the  poverty  of   the 

church  of  Lanthony,  gives  to  them  the  church  of  Prestbury  with 

its   chapels  :    the    church    of    Frome,    land    which    is    called    the 

'  Mora,'  the  '  Mansio,'  which  Ernald  the  presbyter  held,  with  eleven 

acres  of  land. 

No.  303. 

Robert,  Bishop  of  Hereford,  to  Symon,  Bishop  of  Worcester  : 

Because  he  has  known  that  the  possessions  of  the  church  of 
Lanthony  have  been  greatly  diminished  by  reason  of  the  ravages 
of  war,  he  has  granted  to  the  Prior  thereof  two  churches  in  '  Pres- 
teburie  ', — the  one  under  the  hills — the  other  upon  the  hills  (super 
montes)  with  the  tythe  thereto  appertaining,  except  two  portions 
of  tythe  of  his  demesne  which  the  Dean  and  the  Precentor  of 
Hereford  have  of  grain  only,  and  all  the  herbage  of  the  park,  and 
of  crops  which  are  sown  or  collected  within  the  circuit  of  the 
park  ;  the  tythe  of  the  rest  remains  to  the  said  church,  because 
it  is  the  land  of  his  villeins. 

We  have  decreed  this  gift  in  the  first  year  of  Stephen,  King  of 

the  English  [1135]. 

No.  304. 

Robert,  Bishop  of  Hereford,  to  Symon,  Bishop  of  Worcester. 

Almost  repeats  No.  303. 

No.  305. 

The  Convent  of  the  Chapter  of  Hereford  testify  their  assent 
to  the  grant  made  by  the  bishop  to  the  Prior  and  Canons  of 
Lanthony,  of  the  two  churches  in  Prestbury,  saving  the  portions 
of  the  tythe  of  the  demesne. 

1  This  Bishop  was  Robert  de  Betun,  (Bethune)  consecrated  in  1131.     He 
had  previously  been  Prior  of  Lanthony.   Died  1148.  and  was  buried  under  an 
arch  and  effigy  in  the  south  aisle  of  the  choir.  — En. 
Vol.  XIV.  z. 


350  Transactions  for  the  Year  1889-90. 

No.  306. 
Charter  of  Robert,  Bishop  of  Hereford,1  states  that  the  said 
Bishop  has  given  to  Lanthony  Priory  all  the  small  tythes  of  his 
demesne,  in  lambs,  swine,  wool  and  cheese,  both  in  the  vale  and 
on  the  hills,  in  his  manor  of  Prestbury  : — 

Witnessed  by  Roger,  Bishop  of  Worcester,2  Henry,  Arch- 
deacon of  Exeter,3  and  Alured,  the  Steward.  Confirmed  by  the 
Bishop's  seal.     [1164-79J. 

No.  307. 

Confirmation  by  Robert  Melun,  Bishop  of  Hereford,  of  all 
possessions  which  the  Priory  of  Lanthony  had  of  the  church  of 
Hereford  :  the  two  churches  in  Prestebury  in  the  vale,  and  on 
the  hills,  viz.,  the  church  of  Sevenhampton  with  the  lands  and 
tythes,  excepting  the  portions  of  tythe  of  the  Demesne. 

No.  42. 

W[alter  de  Cantilupe],  Bishop  of  Worcester. 

Has  inspected  an  agreement  made  in  connexion  with  a  suit  at 
Gloucester,  Michaelmas,  a.d.  1263,  between  the  Prior  of  Lan- 
thony, and  Sir  John  de  Soincot  (Sesincot)  before  Master  W. 
de  Wien,  his  official  at  Worcester,  concerning  a  certain  pension 
of  forty  shillings  to  be  received  from  the  church  of  "  Sevenhamp- 
tone  "  :  the  Prior  and  Convent  appeared  by  their  Proctor,  the 
brother  William  de  St.  German,  and  Sir  John  cle  Soincot, 
Rector  of  the  church  of  Sevenhamtone,  by  his  Proctor,  Symon  de 
Schirburn,  who  confessed  the  liability  of  the  Rector,  and  offered 
to  pay  the  arrears  of  the  pension  together  with  eight  marcs. 

"  Given  at  Kemeseye in  the  year  of  Grace  1264." 

1  This  prelate  was  Robert  de  Muledon  [Melun].  He  succeeded  Bishop 
Bethune,  and  had  also  been  Prior  of  Lanthony.  Died  1167,  and  like  his 
predecessor  was  buried  under  an  arch  and  effigy  in  the  south  aisle  of  the 
choir. — Ed.     (See  Havergal's  Hereford.) 

2  Son  of  Robert  the  Consul,  Earl  of  Gloucester.  Elected  1163,  cons.  13th 
Aug.,  1164,  died  1179.     (See  Ante  Vol.  III.,  p.  38S.) 

2  Son  of  Robert  Fitz  Harding,  so  named  after  Henry  Fitz  Empress 
appd  cir.  1148.  He  held  also  many  other  preferments  in  England.  He  was 
also  Dean  of  Moretain,  and  was  elected  Archb.  of  Dol,  and  died  at  Rome, 
whither  he  had  gone  for  consecration,  in  August,  1188.  (See  Lives  of  the 
Berkeleys,  Vol.  I.,  pp.  54,  55.     Maclean's  Edition  )— Ed. 


Sevenhamptoit.  350 

71. 

The  Official  of  the  Diocese  of  Worcester  to  the  [Rural]  Dean 
of  Wynchcombe  : 

With  reference  to  a  suit  concerning  the  chapel,  &c,  of  Seven- 
hampton,  between  the  Prior  and  Convent  of  Lanthony,  with  the 
Prior  of  Strigoil  and  others,  Proctors  ;  and  Master  Ralph  cle  Pirie 
who  claimed  to  be  the  Rector  of  the  said  chapel ; 

Declares  that  the  said  chapel  has  been,  and  is  annexed  to  the 
church  of  Prestbury,  and  ought  to  be  dependent  thereon,  and  in 
full  right  thereto  belonging  :  and  that  the  said  Religious  Men 
(the  Prior  and  Canons)  are  to  be  put  in  corporeal  possession  of 
the  said  Chapel  as  if  annexed  to,  and  dependent,  on  the  church  of 
Prestbury.  The  Dean  is  accordingly  required,  without  delay,  to 
induct,  or  cause  to  be  inducted,  the  said  Religious  Men,  or  their 
Proctor,  into  the  corporeal  possession  of  the  said  chapel  accord- 
ing to  the  Canon,  and  to  defend  their  rights  therein  :  '  Contradic- 
tors et  rebelles '  are  to  be  restrained  by  the  censure  of  the 
church,  i.e.  by  excommunication. 

Given  at  Worcester  on  the  Vigil  of  St.  James,  in  the  year  of 

Grace,  1275. 

No.  69. 

Richard,1  Bishop  of  Hereford,  confirms  to  Lanthony  Priory 
the  grant  of  the  tythes  in  his  demesne,  in  the  parishes  of  Prest- 
bury and  Sevenhampton,  cultivated  by  themselves,  and  of  the 
food  of  the  animals  there,  as  in  the  times  of  his  predecessors. 

Dated  at  Bosbury,  17  Kal.  Nov.  a.d.  1284. 

Taxation  op  Pope  Nicholas,  a.d.  1291. 


Archdeaconry/  of  Gloucester. 


The  Bishop  of  Hereford  has  from  Rents  of  Assize  at  Prest- 
bury, £20  4   1  ;  And  Four  carucates  of  land,  each   being  worth 

1  This  prelate  was  Richard  de  Swinfield.  He  was  consecrated  at  Glou- 
cester, 12th  March,  12S2-3,  and  died  15th  March,  1316-17,  and  was  buried  in 
the  north  transept  of  his  cathedral,  in  a  stone  coffin,  beneath  a  richly 
moulded  canopy,  still  bearing  this  inscription  :  "Hie:  requiescit:  Ricardus  : 
dictus  :  de  :  Swinefield  Cantuariensis  :  diocesis  :  quondam  :  Episcopus  : 
Herefordensis.''  It  is  figured  by  Havergal,  Plate  II.— Eu. 
z    2 


352  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

40s.,   and  one  Watermill   which   is  worth  20s ;   from  Pleas  and 

perquisites,  40s. ;  from  profits  of  Stock,  20s.     Also  at  Pulgoumbe 

Sevenhampton,     £7    5    1^    of    Rents,    with    three    Carucates    of 

land,  each  worth  20s.  :  and  one  Water  Mill  which  is  worth  13s  4d: 

and  from  Pleas  and  Perquisites  of  Court,  20s. 

Sum     £44     2     6£ 

Tenth       £4     8     3 

The  Prior  and  Convent  of  Lanthony  have  at  Prestbury  and 
Colecombe  [in  Sevenhampton]  one  carucate  of  land,  and  it  is 
worth  25s  per  annum  :  of  Rents  of  Assize,  10s.  Also  from  Stock, 
10s.  Sum  £2     5     0 

a.d.  1297.  Protest  of  John,  Dean  of  Hereford,  against  the 
double  taxation  of  his  Tythes  here  : 

"  In  the  Name  of  the  Lord.  Amen.  In  the  year  of  the  same 
1297,  Indiction  x.  4  Ka.  April,  in  the  presence  of  me  the 
appointed  Notary  Public  and  of  the  underwritten  witnesses, 
at  the  Old  Temple  in  London,  before  Master  Walter  cle  Win- 
ton,  Archdeacon  of  Huntingdon,  Sir  William  de  Stoketon  and 
John  Maunsell,  Clerks,  of  the  venerable  father  the  lord  Oliver, 
by  the  grace  of  God,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  the  lord  John,  Dean 
of  the  church  of  Hereford  sought  remedy  from  the  said  father 
and  his  Commissaries  of  certain  errors  concerning  his  possessions, 
and  those  of  the  Chapter  of  the  Church  of  Hereford — his  petition 
being  in  this  form  : 

Before  you,  the  reverend  father,  the  lord  Oliver,  by  the  grace 
of  God,  bishop  of  Lincoln,  deputed  by  the  Apostolic  See  to  collect 
the  Tenth  in  England  in  aid  of  the  Holy  Land,  Master  Walter  de 
Winton,  &c,  John,  dean  of  Hereford,  seeks  remedy,  &c. 

In  primis,  he  says  that  the  deanery  is  taxed  in  spiritualities 
generally  at  £13  6  4  as  is  contained  in  the  original  Roll,  and 
that  his  portion  of  Tythes  in  the  Manors  of  the  Bishop  of  Hereford 
in  Prestbury  and  Sevenhampton,  is  a  part  of  the  spiritualities  of 
his  deanery,  which  is  taxed  as  a  whole,  as  above.  Concerning  which, 
an  Inquisition  was  taken  by  order  of  the  lord,  the  bishop  of  Lin- 
coln, when  it  was  found  that  this  was  twice  taxed,  and  ought 
not  to  be  taxed  in  the  separate  particulars  or  portions.  ****** 


Sevbnhamptox.  353 

These  things  were  done  in  the  year,  indiction,  day,  and  place 
noted  above—  in  the  presence  of  Master  William  de  Loddelowe, 
Robert  de  Mai  ton,  and  Elyas  de  Croyndon,  Clerks  ;  and  Thomas 
de  Geyton,  John  de  Dun,  laics ;  witnesses  to  the  above  premises. 

And  I,  John,  [son]  of  Robert  of  Clipston,  Lincoln  Diocese,  by 
the  authority  of  the  Holy  Roman  Church,  Notary,  was  present, 
and  saw  and  heard  these  things,  and  by  request  have  affixed  my 
mark,  and  my  accustomed  seal  in  testimony  of  these  premises. 

By  means  of  the  "  Valor  Ecclesiasticus  " '  we  arrive  at  the 

increased  values  of  these  manors  in  27th  Hen.  VIII. ,  i.e.  after  the 

lapse  of  250  years  : — 

In  Prestbury. 
Rent  of  Assize  per  aim.  ... 

Issues  of  the  Manor  with  the  Park 

Farm  of  Demesne  Lands  ... 

Farm  of  the  Mill  .... 

Work  of  new  rental  there  per  annum 

Rent  discovered  ----- 

Increased  rent      - 

Perquisites  of  the  Court  (average) 

Senh"mpt<m. 
Rents  of  Assize  per  annum  ... 

Farm  of  the  Demesne  Lands 

Issues  of  the  Manor  .... 

Farm  of  the  Demesne  Lands  in  Puckcumbe 
Farm  of  the  Quarry  .... 

Farm  of  the  Mill  .... 

Rents  discovered  .... 

Perquisites  of  the  Court  there 


Among  Payments : — 

Pension  paid  to  the  Rectors  of  the  Church  of  Prestbury 
(Lanthony  Priory)  for  Tythes  of  Agistments  and  Pannage  of  the 
Park,  4B. 

*  Vol.  III.,  3. 


£39 

17 

10* 

20 

11 

4 

0 

0 

1 

6 

8 

0 

2 

6 

1 

18 

H 

1 
5 

4 
5 

5 

£74 

6 

5 

£12 

6 

9 

3 

6 

8 

1 

6 

8 

5 

0 

0 

1 

0 

8 

0 

3 

4 

0 

o 
nil. 

10 

£23 

6 

11 

354  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

Salary  of  Humfrey  Elton,  bailiff  of  Prestbury,       46s  8d. 
,,  the  same,  bailiff  of  Sefihampton,  1 3s  4d. 

The  Rectory  of  Prestbury  with  Glebe,  tythes  of  wheat  and  hay 
and  other  profits,  was  then  let  to  farm  to  Robert  Atwell,1  for  £12 
per  annum. 

William  Elkyns,  perpetual  Vicar  there,  received  from  a  parcel 
of  Glebe,  Altarage,  Oblations,  and  other  issues,  £9  13  4  per 
annum. 

The  Proctors  (Churchwardens)  were  possessed  of  three  burgage 
Tenements  in  Prestbury  for  the  use  of  the  Church,  value  18s  3|d 
per  annum. 

The  value  of  the  Rectory  of  Sevenhampton  is  not  given  in 
this  return,  as  it  was  then  in  the  hands  of  the  King,  by  reason  of 
the  dissolution  of  the  Priory  of  Lanthony,  and  as  it  would  appear 
that  no  Vicarage  had  been  assigned,  the  whole  revenues  (except 
the  portions  of  the  Dean  and  Precentor  of  Hereford)  belonged  to 
the  Priory. 

The  Parishioners  were  enfeoffed  in  one  burgage  tenement  with 
an  adjoining  close,  and  dovehouse,  situate  in  Prestbury,  in  order 
to  keep  the  anniversary  of  John  Combes  (Camber)  yearly,  value 
per  annum,  6s  8d. 

We  have  also  61s  8d  per  annum  paid  to  Doctor  Clifton,  Dean 
of  Hereford,  for  certain  portions  of  Tythes  in  Seueh'mpton  and 
Prestbury  :  a  like  sum  was  also  received  by  the  Precentor  of 
Hereford. 

Subsidy  Roll,  1   Edw.  III.     (1327). 

s.  d. 

De  Roberto  de  Solers  -             -             -      iij  vi 

,,  Johne  le  Eyr    -  -              -              -     —  ix 

,,  Johne  atte  Welle  ...     iiij  j 

„  Henr.  le  Palmere  -              -             -     —  xiiij  ob. 

,,  Robto  Copland  -             -                     ij  vij 

„  Galfrido  Colynes  -             -             -     —  xiij  ob. 

,,  Thoma  Bird       -  -              -                     ij  iiij 

„  Rico  Lyplofe     -  -             -              -     —  xviij  ob. 


Robto  de  Hales 


X1J 


1  Apparently  Bailiff  at  Prestbury  and  Collector  of  Rents  for  the  Priory. 


Seven  hamptox.  355 


De  Galfrido  de  Wytwelle  - 
Johfie  Henryes 
Nicho  Fraunceys 
Agnete  atte  Welle 
Alice  atte  Shawe 
Robto  le  Hattare 
Rico  Davy 
Robto  Bird 

Willmo  de  Sevenbarupton 
Joline  Justice   - 
Henr.  Reyner  - 
Johfie  Reed 


Sum 


— 

XX 

— 

xx  ij 

— 

xxj  ob. 

— 

XX 

— 

xj 

— 

viij  ob. 

— 

vj  ob. 

— 

vj  ob. 

— 

xj  ob. 

— 

vij  ob. 

— 

vij  ob. 

ix 

iiij 

xl8 

ijd 

356  Transactions  for  the  Ykar  18S9-90. 


A   PERAMBULATION   OF  THE  FOREST  OF  DENE, 
in  the  County  of  Gloucester,  10th  Edw.  I.  (1281-2) 

Contributed   by   SIR   JOHN    MACLEAN,  F.S.A.,  F.R.S.A.  (Ireland), 

Vice-President  of  the  Royal  Archceological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  <&  Ireland, 
and  of  this  Society,  Hon.  Member  of  the  Royal  Institution  of  Cornwall,  <Lx. 

As  long  ago  as  1878  the  contributor  of  the  following  record 
pointed  out  that  "the  early  History  of  the  Forest  of  Dene  is  an 
obscure  page  of  Gloucestershire  history  which  deserves  to  be 
cleared  up,"1  and  he  forthwith  commenced  to  collect  materials,  as 
opportunities  offered,  with  the  intention  of  making  an  effort  to 
write  a  history  of  this  ancient  and  interesting  Royal  Forest,  which, 
even  then,  though  shorn  of  its  glories  in  vert  and  venison,  still 
remained  a  Royal  Forest.  In  making  researches  for  this  work  he 
found  and  transcribed  the  record  referred  to,  as  well  as  others, 
but  other  labours  in  the  elucidation  of  the  local  history  and 
genealogy  of  Gloucestershire  have  intervened  and  prevented  him 
from  carrying  out  his  contemplated  work,  until,  alas  !  it  is  too  late 
for  him  to  attempt  it ;  and  he  is  anxious  to  place  this  document 
upon  record  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Bristol  &  Gloucestershire 
Archreological  Society  for  the  use  of  some  younger  man  who  may 
be  moved  to  take  up  and  carry  out  a  work  which  would  be  as 
interesting  in  the  preparation  as  valuable  in  the  result.  The 
original  of  this  document  may  be  found  inrolled  on  the  Rolls  of 
the  Forest  of  Dene  preserved  in  the  department  of  the  Treasurer 
of  the  Receipt  of  the  Exchequer  in  the  Public  Record  Office. 
The  present  reference  to  the  manuscript  is  "  Chapter  House 
Records,  Forest  Rolls,  Box  1,  No.  7,  Gloucester,  10th  Edward  I. 

The  area  of  the  Forest  in  very  early  times  was  undoubtedly 
much  greater  than  it  is  at  present,  or  even  than  that  circumscribed 
by  this  perambulation.   As  a  Royal  Forest,  and  yielding  no  profit, 
1  Trans,  of  the  Bristol  &  Glouc.  Arch.  Society,  Vol.  III.,  p.  367. 


A  Perambulation  of  the  Forest  of  Dene.  357 

it  does  not,  of  course,  appear  in  the  Domesday  Survey,  but  accord- 
ing to  tradition,  and  as  shewn  by  the  map  published  by  the  late 
Rev.  H.  G.  Nicholls  in  his  Forest  of  Dene,  it  extended  from 
Newent  and  Gloucester  to  Chepstow,  embracing  the  whole  of  the 
area  between  the  Severn  and  the  Wye  below  Gloucester.  Many 
portions  of  this  district,  however,  long  prior  to  the  Conquest,  had 
been  assarted,  and  appear  in  the  Domesday  Survey  as  manors, 
but  the  Norman  and  Angevin  Kings,  who  were  passionately  fond 
of  the  chace,  arbitrarily  cast  them  back  again  into  the  forest.1  The 
Manors  of  Hewelsfield  and  Wigheiete  in  this  district  were  two 
which  William  the  Conqueror  commanded  should  be  included  in 
the  Forest  of  Dene.  But  subsequently  by  various  perambulations, 
of  which  that  under  notice  would  appear  to  be  the  first  for  this 
forest,  the  boundaries  were  again  adjusted. 

The  forest  as  now  denned  consisted  of  ten  bailiwicks,  each 
under  its  special  bailiff  who  executed  under  the  King  direct  such 
powers  as  might  be  customary  under  the  forest  law,  or  specially 
granted  for  this  forest  by  the  King.  The  bailiwicks  were  Abben- 
hale,  Blakeney,  Bleyth  (now  called  Bley),  Bers  (now  Berse), 
Staunton,  Bikenoure  (now  Bicknor  Anglicana),  Rywardin  (Ruar- 
dean),  Laca  (now  Lea  Bailley),  Dean  Magna,  and  Dean  Parva. 

Before  proceeding  to  the  Bailiwicks  it  is  shewn  what  lands,  &c, 
in  each  bailiwick  were  held,  personally,  by  the  King,  and  it  is 
stated  that  the  Vill  of  Hunsam  (Huntsham),  which  is  situated  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  river  Wye,  north  of  Symond's  Yat,  forming 
a  peninsula  almost  surrounded  by  the  river,  and  in  the  county  of 
Hereford,  is  within  the  bounds  of  the  forest,  nevertheless,  it  is 
added,  the  men  of  the  said  vill  do  not  appear  before  the  steward 
nor  verderei's  at  the  Inquisitions,  nor,  moreover,  before  the  Justice, 
in  Eyre. 

The  boundaries  of  the  bailiwicks  are  severally  defined,  and 
the  document  then  goes  on  to  give  an  account  of  the  several  mines 
within  the  forest  and  by  whom  held. 

The  document  is   printed   verbatim,  though,  for  convenience 
the  Latin  words  have  been  extended. 

1  Trans.,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  126. 


358  Transactions  for  the  Year  1880-90. 

REGARDUM  FOREST.E  DE  DENE.  10th  Euw.  I.  No.  7. 
0  Domine  libera  aniniam  meam  a  labljs  iniquis  et  a  lingua  dolosa. 
Regardum  factum  in  foresta  de  Dene,  die  Mercurij  in  die  Cinerum 
(Ash  Wednesday),  anno  Regni  Regis  Edwardi  Decimo,  per 
Dominum  Willelmum  de  Derneford,  Willelmum  Mauncel,  Nichol- 
auni  de  Gam  ages,  Johannem  de  la  Mare,  Mauricium  de  Salsa- 
marisca,  Milites,  Milonum  de  Longetot,  Willelmum  de  Burk, 
Petrum  de  Tinthescumbe,  Robertum  de  Draycote,  Walterum 
Hackett,  Robertum  de  Piritune  et  Robertum  de  Coveleye, 
Regardatores  Jurati.  Qui  dicunt  per  sacramentum  quod  Willelmus 
de  Stuttebrugge  tenet  in  Chirchome  unam  acram  &c. 

LANDE. 
Dominus    Rex  habet  Landeas1  subscriptas  in   foresta  de    Dene 

videlicet  inter  balliuam  de  Blakeney  et  Balliuam  de  Stauntene 
Landeam  de  Moseleye.  Item  inter  easdem  balliuas  landeam  de 
Seinteleye.  Item  in  balliua  de  Magna  Dene  landeam  de  Konhop. 
Item  in  balliua  de  Stanten,  landeas  de  Wychtmed  et  de  Wyteleye. 
Item  inter  balliuas  de  Magna  Dene  et  Habehale,  landeam  de  Okie- 
fold.  Item  in  balliua  de  Abehale  landeam  de  Kenesleye.  Item 
landeam  de  Crumpemede  in  eadem  balliua.  Item  in  eadem  balliua 
landeam  de  Walemore.  Walterus  de  Snappe  includit  hayam  sup- 
radictam  landeam  de  Wychtmed,  nescitur  quo  warranto.  In  sup- 
radicta  landea  de  Walemor  in  balliua  de  Abenhale  Radulphus  de 
Abenhalle  habet  ibi  vnum  pratum  infra  landeam,  nescitur  quo 
warranto,  et  continet  6  acras.  Walterus  de  Helme  habet  ibi  vnum 
pratum,  nescitur  quo  warranto.  Abbas  de  Flexleye  habet  quoddam 
pratum  vocatum  New  more  et  continet  6  acras.  Idem  Abbas 
elargiuit  fossatum  suum  ad  quantitatem  dimidise  acra?  terras  infra 
predictam  landeam.  Item  omnes  terra?  et  omnia  prata  qua?  pre- 
dictus  abbas  habet  in  predicta  landea  sunt  purprisa?  In  eadem 
landea  sunt  plures  purprestura?  qua?  non  possunt  inquiri  nee 
videri  propter  cretinam  aqua?. 

Dicunt  Jurati  quod  Radulphus  de  Abenhale  impercauit  in  ipsa 
landea  bestias  hominum  patria?  et  sumpsit  ab  eis  55  ancas2  et  eas 
retinuit  ad  opus  suum  proprium  et  attachiamenta  debent  esse 

domino  Regi. 

1  Landea,  or  Landia,  marshy  or  sedgy  lands  surrounded  by  a  ditch  or  . 
foss  to  carry  off  the  water.  From  (erre  =  land  and  eie  =  water. — See  Ducange, 
also  Jacobs' ',  Law  Dictionary.  2  ?  From  Ancercs  =  geese. 


A  Perambulation  of  the  Forest  of  Dene.  359 

Mete  eiusdem  pasture  incipiunt  apucl  le  Hulke  subter  Chaxhull  et 
durat  per  fossatum  vsque  le  huntemede  et  sic  per  Clarkefeld  vsque 
ad  viam  quse  ducit  apud  addecete  et  sic  de  ilia  via  per  fossatum 
vsque  ad  pratum  monachorum  quod  vocatur  Brodemede,  et  sic 
per  fossatum  et  per  la  Longmede  in  la  Westmede  et  sic  de  la  West- 
mede  per  fossatum  usque  Suymede  et  sic  per  fossatum  subter 
pyehurste  vsque  ad  pratum  domini  Regis  quod  vocatur  la  Hay  et 
sic  per  fossatum  vsque  ad  parcum  qui  vocatur  Yisses  Croft  et  sic 
subter  Montem  de  Walemore  vsque  Ruggeleys  Walle  et  sic  per 
fossatum  vsque  la  holke. 

Villata  de  honsum  (Huntsham)  est  infra  metas  forestae  subtracta 
est  de  foresta,  et  homines  eiusdem  villatse  non  comparent  coram 
Senescallo  nee  viredariis  ad  Inquisitiones  faciendas  nee  etiam 
comparuerunt  coram  Justiciariis  in  suo  Itinere. 

BALLIUA  DE  ABBENHALE. 
Balliua  de  Abbenhalle  custodita  est  per  Radulphuni  cle  Abbenhale 
et  incipit  apud  Dychesende  supra  hopesherde  in  longitudine  inter 
Sheperugge  et  Abbenhale  hulle  vsque  Vuerhunteneforde  et  sic  vsque 
Vastbaches  unde  semper  per  rivulum  aquaB  et  sic  vsque  Atteleye- 
grene  inter  ballivam  cle  parva  Dene  et  la  munede1  de  atteleyegrenp 
summum  iter  usque  Sinclerford  et  sic  juxta  aquam  vsque  le  Mer- 
broc  inter  balliuam  de  Blaken  et  dictam  balliuam  de  Abbenhale 
et  sic  de  Merbroke  vsque  caput  de  Visokenemers  prout  stren- 
chatur  quse  vocatur  Pyrhales  et  sic  vsque  viseches  prout  summum 
iter  ducit  et  sic  summum  iter  per  mediam  spinatam  de  Seyntleye 
vsque  meroke  extransverso  le  Blaksennie  weye  vsque  ad  caput  del 
Mersiche  et  sic  in  longitudine  vsque  Nevverne  et  sic  dividit 
rivulus  de  Newerne  dictam  balliuam  et  balliuam  de  Dene  vsque 
Mulebache  et  sic  de  Mulebache  prout  dividitur  per  aquam  vsque 
Mareforde  et  sic  per  altam  viam  quse  ducit  uersus  Ruwardyne  de 
Aletangge  et  sic  in  longitudine  vsque  Briddessete  et  mariscum 
vsque  ad  iter  quod  jacet  juxta  leymores  welle  et  vocatur  Bikenores- 
wey  et  sic  vsque  la  pulle  et  iuxta  aquam  usque  Shetersforde  et 

1  Fence  or  hedge.  Given  in  Bailey's  Eng.  Dictionary,  and  in  Halliwell, 
as  "  munite"  rendered  fenced  or  fortified,  from  the  Latin  "  munitus,"  •  t' 
and  '  d '  being  convertible  in  all  languages. 


360  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

sic  Spannewey  usque  la  munede,  de  illo  loco  usque  Hobasrudingge 
et  sic  sicut  fossa  ducit  usque  blakewell  broke  et  sic  iuxta  aquam 
usque  veteretn  crucem  et  per  cursum  aqua?  vsque  Sheperugges 
rode  et  sic  per  fossani  vsque  Wylecockes  Rudingge  et  sic  iuxta 
cuedenesmore  iuxta  campum  vsque  pleystede  et  sic  per  fossam 
in  longitudine  vsque  la  Rudingge  Ade  le  Palmere  et  sic  per  fossam 
vsque  terrain  Ade  Sireman  de  Hope  et  iuxta  boscum  de  hope 
vsque  dichesende  supra  hopesherde. 

Balliua  de  Abbenhale  in  Chastenarijs  incipit  apud  Merstowe 
et  sic  suramum  iter  usque  veterem  raolendinum  et  iter  vsque 
blakemores  halle  et  sic  iter  vsque  monekene  ruddingge  et  sic  per 
fossatum  vsque  boscum  monachorum  et  sic  per  la  bache  vsque 
folegate  et  sic  iter  vsque  la  morstowe  et  omnes  bosci  ipsius 
balliuje  sunt  de  dominico  Regis. 

Et  facta  est  quaedam  trenchea1  de  Spannewey  extendens  in 
longitudine  de  Scetaresforde  vsque  la  munede  et  continet  quinque 
acras  inter  Eywode  et  Harewode. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  Olderende  extendens  se  in  longi- 
tudine de  la  Oldtune  vsque  la  munede  et  continet  vj  acras  in 
bosco  de  Eywod. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  Newerende  extendens  se  in  longi- 
tudine de  Oldefolde  vsque  la  munede  et  continet  iiij  acras  in 
bosco  de  Eywod. 

Item  vna  trenchea  incipiens  apud  Prestes  rudinge  extendens  se 
in  longitudine  vsque  bronstonesbroke  et  continet  ix  acras  in  bosco 
de  Oures. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  Vastlachesreude  extendens  se  in 
longitudine  de  novo  molendino  vsque  la  munede  et  continet  xij 
acras  et  dimidiam  in  bosco  Oures. 

Item  vna  trenchea  incipiens  apud  Sinderford  extendens  se  in 
longitudine  vsque  Piriheye  et  continet  x  acras  in  bosco  de  Barn- 
demore. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  Newarnereude  extendens  in  longi- 
tudine de  Wyteleye  vsque  Mulebeche  continet  xj  acras  et  dimi- 
diam in  Costera  boscorum  de  Gardino  et  Wydenheye. 

Item  vna  trenchea  iuxta  la  pulle  et  continet  x  acras  iuxta 
landeam  de  Oldfolde. 

1  Trenchea  or  Trancheia,  would  seem  to  have  much  the  same  signification 
as  Landea.  — See  note  1 ,  p.  35S, 


A  Perambulation  of  the  Forest  of  De.ve.  361 

Item  duoe  ti'enchea?  in  chastaniis,  vna  extendens  se  in  longi- 
tudine  castrum  et  alia  in  latitucline  de  quibus  longior  continet  vj 
acras  et  alia  vj  acras. 

BALIUA  DE  BLAKENEY. 
Balliua  de  Blakeney  est  dominicus  boscus  domini  Regis  et 
Walterus  de  Astune  custodit  earn.  Et  incipiunt  metse  eiusdem 
balliuse  a  ia  blakepulleforde  per  vicum  vocatum  Fineethway  vsque 
Fineeth  et  sic  per  altum  vicum  vsque  semitam  vocatam  Mersty  et 
sic  per  semitam  illam  vsque  Merbrok  et  sic  per  Merbrok  vsque 
la  pulle  inter  paruam  Stapuleg  et  magnam  Stapuleg,  et  sic  per  la 
pulle  quae  diuidit  balliuam  de  blakeneje  et  boscum  monachorum 
de  fflexleye  et  boscum  de  Rudele  vsque  la  depeforde,  et  sic  apud 
Erleyeforde  et  sic  per  hayam  bosci  vsque  molendinum  de  Blake- 
neye  et  sic  per  costeram  bosci  vsque  la  Ritthwaye  et  sic  per 
costeram  bosci  vsque  lonnesbrok  et  sic  per  quendam  vallem  vsque 
ad  vicum  vocatum  Parseteway  et  per  vicum  ilium  vsque  blake- 
mere  et  sic  per  Russell um  vsque  Achebrok  et  sic  per  Achebrok 
vsque  Smalebrok  et  per  Smalebrok  vsque  Solewalle  et  sic  per 
medium  prati  de  Akely  vsque  vicum  vocatum  brodokewey  et  sic 
per  vicum  ilium  vsque  ad  caput  de  Moseleye  et  sic  per  Russell 
descenduntur  per  medium  Moseleye  in  la  blakepulle  et  sic  as- 
sendendo  la  pulle  vsque  vadum  de  Seynteleye  et  sic  vsque 
blakepulleforde. 

Et  facta  est  vna  trenchea  vocata  la  Colstyerende  incipiens  apud 
Merbroke  et  durans  ad  Castrum  de  Moseleye  et  continet  lx  acras 
et  fuit  boscus  spissus  de  minutis  corulis. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  de  holebache  incipiens  apud  Seytte- 

XX 

ehreneforde  et  durans  vsque  Waldinges  worpin  et  continet  viij 
acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  de  la  Bromespulle  incipiens  apud 

XX 

Merebrok  et  durans  a  la  Depeforde  et  continet   vj   acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  de  la  hayermede  incipiens  a  la  hole- 
waye  et  durans  vsque  Ankeleyeford  et  continet  c  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  blakepullerende  incipiens  apud  a  la 

XX 

petiteforde  et  durans  vsque  la  Seyrrugeforde  et  continet  vj  acras. 


362  Transactions  foe  the  Year  1S89-90. 

Item  viia  trenchea  vocata  Austyerende  incipiens  apud  Roynus- 

XX 

cheyne  et  durans  vsque  Holeweysende  et  continet  ix  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  de  Sondbedderende  incipiens  apud  Richt- 
waye  et  durans  ad  caput  de  Moseleye  et  continet  cc  et  xl  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  Crofterende  incipiens  apud  le 
Blakepulle  supra  Moseleye  et  durat  vsque  Westbrok,  et  continet 
C  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  de  Stapelegge  incipiens  ad  fontem 

de  Merebrok  et  durans  vsque  caput  de  Holebache  et  continet  L 

acras. 

BALLIUA   DE   BLEYTH. 

Est    dominicus    boscus    domini    Regis    et     Radulphus    Hopewy 

custodit  earn.    Et  incipit  apud  la  Cocksutgrene  et  inde  per  viam 

Regiam  vsque  ad  crucem  ante  portam  curiae  Willelmi  Bleyth  et 

inde  per  quandam  sernitam   ducentem   iuxta    dictam    portam   et 

curiam  quae  ducit  iuxta  terram  quce  vocatur  le  Morfurlonge,  quam 

terram  dictus  Willelmus  tenet  de  domino  Rege,  vsque  ad  terram 

Johannis  de  la  Boxe,  et  inde  per  terram  illam  vsque  ad  torrentem 

quae  vocatur  Merinerudinge  broke,  et  inde  per  illam  torrentem 

vsque  ad  Ynichebeche  et  inde  per  fossatum  iuxta  terram  Abbatis 

Sancti  Petri  Gloucestri?e  vsque  ad  viam  qua?  vocatur  Tabbinge- 

weye  et  inde  per  fossatum  dicti  Abbatis  vsque  ad  Depemore  et 

inde  per  fossatum  eiusdem   vsque  ad  le   Heyewaye   et   inde   per 

illam  viam  vsque  Rugwaye  et  inde  per  viam  illam  vsque  Scipweye 

et  inde  per  viam  illam  ducentem  vsque  Swefforde  in  la  pulle  et 

inde  per  pullam  illam  vsque  ad  trencheram  illam  quaa  est  inter 

bleytheswyke  et  boscum  de  fflexleye,  qui  quondam  fuit  de  pre- 

dicta  balliua,  et  inde  per  trencheram  illam  ascendendo  vsque  ad 

Rugweye   et   inde   per    viam    de    Rugwaye    vsque    ad    assartum 

Radulphi  de   Rodleye   et  inde   descendendo  per  fossatum  iuxta 

assarta  vsque  ad  prrenorninatum  locum  qui  vocatur  la  Cocksute- 

grene. 

BALLIUA  DE  BERS. 

Est  dominicus  boscus  domini  Regis  et  Willelmus    Wodewardus 

custodit  earn.  Et  incipit  apud  Kunesbrok  et  extendit  ex  ilia  parte 

ad  boscum  de  Alwintune  et  Aylbertune  vsque  Payebwallebroke  et 

de  ilia  broka  vsque  la  horewall  et  de  la  harewulle  vsque  Cokwodes- 

broke   et   de  ilia  broke   vsque  Sponnegrene   et   de    Sponnegrene 


A  Perambulation  of  the  Forest  of  Dexe.  363 

vsque  Pustanesbroke  ad  Crucem  et  de  illo  loco  vsque  ad  campum 
de  Nova  terra  vsque  la  Stowe  et  de  la  Stowe  per  campum  Sancti 
Breuelli  vsque  redinor  et  per  Redmor  vsque  cunnesbroke  et  in 
eadem  balliua  est  le  defens. 

Et  facta  est  ibi  vna  trenchea  vocata  bremerende  incipiens 
apud  la  holyene  munede  et  durat  apud  brodokethurne  et  continet 
vnam  acram  et  dimidiam. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  Aspenemerruede  incipiens  apud 
Aspennemere  et  durat  vsque  la  holiene  munede  et  continet  iiij 
acras  et  dimidiam. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  Aspunerede  incipiens  apud  la 
Horewalle  et  durat  vsque  ad  finem  et  herede  et  continet  x  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  fineecherede  incipiens  apud  Longer- 
rende  et  durat  vsque  ad  Okwodebrok  et  continet  ij  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  longereode  incipiens  apud  Wynetes- 
buri  et  durat  vsque  trellemede  et  continet  ij  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  Cleyesladesreode  incipiens  apud  la 
Wytereode  et  durat  vsque  la  horewalles  siche  et  continet  iiij 
acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  Sponnerede  incipiens  apud  Sponne- 
grene  et  durat  vsque  la  bersesenese. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  la  Wyterende  incipiens  apud  Cley- 
weysencle  et  durat  vsque  trellemedesenese  et  continet  x  acras. 

Boscus  cle  Hodenhales  est  dominicus  boscus  domini  Regis  et 
distructus  est  per  homines  de  Sancto  Breuello  et  ipsi  homines 
clamant  libertatem  capiendi  inde  pro  voluntate  et  semper  inde  ita 
ceperunt. 

BALLIUA  DE  STAUNTEN. 
Est  dominicus  boscus  domini  Regis  et  Richardus  de  la  More 
custodiuit  earn,  et  nunc  est  in  manu  Regis.  Et  incipit  apud  la 
Wlfinyenok  et  extendit  vsque  Wyteleye  per  le  Mersty  et  de  la 
Wyteleye  vsque  la  Meroky  et  de  la  Meroky  per  le  Machuneswalle 
et  per  la  Blakepulle  vsque  castrum  de  Moseley  et  de  castro  de 
Moseley  vsque  ad  Waldingesworthine  per  illani  viam  et  de 
Waldingesworthin  vsque  Crumpemedewe  et  de  Crumpemedwe 
vsque  ad  le  Sned.  Et  de  le  Sned  vsque  ad  Rivulum  de  JSTewerne  et 
sic  per  Newerne  usque  ad  rivulum  qui  vocatur  Druybrok  et  per 


364  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

Druybroke  vsque  le  bechenehulle  et  de  le  bechenehulle  per 
Marlewaye  weye  vsque  Payhvallebrok  et  de  Paylwallebroke  vsque 
ad  le  Breme  et  de  le  Brerae  vsque  horewalle  et  de  horawalle 
vsque  Okwoclebroke  vsque  la  Sponnegrene  et  de  la  Sponnegrene 
vsque  Cradokestone  et  de  Cradokestone  per  Bikenoresti  vsque 
ad  Wolfinyenok. 

Et  facta  est  ibi  vna  trenchea  vocata  la  Bechenehulle  incipiens 
ad  caput  de  holines  et  durat  ad  viam  qua?  tendit  ad  Chalfring  et 
continet  xij  acras  et  dimidiarn. 

Item  vna  trenchea  iuxta  Newarne  ex  vtraque  parte  incipiens 
apud    Ohapmone    brugge  et  durat  vsque  Wyteleye  et   continet 

XX 

viij  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  Newarnerede  incipens  apud  Chap- 
mone  brugge  et   durat  vsque  Coleforde  et  continet  lx  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  incipiens  apud  Merebrok  iuxta  Newarne 
et  durat  vsque  Coleford  et  continet  xx  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  incipiens  apud  pileswalle  et  durat  vsque  ad 
viam  que  tendit  ad  Waldingesworthine  et  continet  xxx  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  incipiens  apud  Crokedeford  et  durat  vsque 
holiene  munede  et  continet  x  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  incipiens  apud  Secoleputtes  et  durat  vsque 
Wartokesey  iuxta  Newernehey  et  continet  xxx  acras. 

Item  vua  trenchea  incipiens  apud  Pileswalle  et  durat  vsque 
frogcrewall  et  continet  xxx  acras. 

BALLIUA  DE  BIKENOURE. 
Est  dominicus  boscus  domini  Begis  et  Cecilia  de  Michegros 
custodit  earn  Et  predicta  balliua  incipit  apud  Bissopeswere  in 
Riparia  de  Waye  et  sic  per  quendam  vicum  vsque  ad  altum 
vicum  qui  ducit  de  Bikenore  vsque  Stantune  et  sic  per  quamdam 
semitam  vsque  Wybaltunesbroke  et  sic  per  campos  de  Stauntune 
vsque  ad  Greneweye  et  sic  per  campos  de  la  Newelonde  vsque 
Thustanes  broke  et  ascendendo  per  Thustanes  brok  vsque  ad 
vivarium  domini  Regis  et  de  viuario  domini  Regis  per  altum  vicum 
vsque  Wlfinyenok  et  sic  per  quamdam  semitam  vsque  Kinges- 
perche  et  sic  per  semitam  quae  tendit  per  medium  de  Wimberleye 
vsque  Kingesok  et  sic  per  quamdam  semitam  vsque  Kaderichesok 


Ox  the  Perambulation  of  the  Forest  of  Dexe.  365 

et  sic  per  quamdam  semitam  ducentem  ultra  montem  de  fflite- 
newyke  ad  Lodebrok  et  sic  per  campos  de  Bikenore  iuxta 
Hangerby  vsque  ad  vicum  vocatum  hestbacheswey  et  sic  per 
eosdem  campos  vsque  ad  alterum  vicum  qui  tendit  versus  Mone- 
mouth  et  sic  per  quamdam  semitam  vsque  Martines  Coksute  et 
sic  iuxta  eosdem  campos  per  Symundeszate  vsque  Way  am  ad 
locum  vocatum  Seotelinde  et  sic  ex  transverso  montis  vsque  ad 
longam  petram  et  sic  per  ripam  de  Waye  vsque  bissopeswere. 

Facta  est  vna  trenchea  vocata  bissopesslade  incipiens  ab  alto 
vico  de  Bikenouere  ad  Stantune  et  durat  ad  Wayam  et  continet 

XX 

iiij  x  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  de  Maylescoyt  incipiens  apud  Hoden 
akesputte  et  durat  per  wayam  vsque  Symondesgate  et  continet  ij 
acras  et  dimidium. 

Item  vua  trenchea  vocata  Aluinebache  incipiens  ab  alto  vico 
qui  ducit  versus  Staunten  durans  vsque  wayam  ct  continet  vij 
aci-as  et  dimidium. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  Croysedereode  incipiens  ab  alunde- 
bache  durans  vsque  bissopeslade  et  continet  ij  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  Lodebrokesreode  incipiens  apud 
holebrok  et  durans  vsque  campos  iuxta  hangerbi  et  continet  iiij 
acras. 

BALLIUA  DE  RYWARDIN. 
Est  dominicus  boscus  domini  Eegis  et  est  in  manu  domini  Regis 
et  constabularies  Sancti  Breuelli  custodit  earn ;  et  incipiunt  mete 
eiusdem  balliue  apud  Wlfmyenok  et  sic  per  le  Mersty  dividens 
balliuas  de  Bikenoure  et  Rywardin  vsque  ad  perticham  domini 
Regis  et  sic  per  idem  Mersty  vsque  Chasegreysok  et  sic  idem 
Mersty  vsque  Ludebrok  et  sic  per  Ludebrok,  vsque  wayam,  et  sic 
assendendo  per  wayam  vsque  Smalbroke  et  sic  per  Morwode-enese 
vsque  Cnappestysenese  et  sic  inter  boscum  et  campos  vsque  le 
Smitheswey  et  adhuc  inter  boscum  et  campos  vsque  hanewaye  et 
adhuc  inter  boscum  et  campos  vsque  Vokshalegrene  et  adhuc  inter 
boscum  et  campos  usque  Barndleysende,  et  adhuc  inter  boscum 
et  campos  vsque  Berleysgrene  et  sic  per  le  Mersty  inter  balliuam 
de  Rywardin  et  boscum  Abbatis  Gloucestrire  vsque  Druybrokes- 
walle  et  sic  per  Druyebrok  vsque  Schuetereforde  et  sic  per  altum 
Vol.  XIV.  2  a 


366  Transactions  for  the  Year  18S9-90. 

vicum  tendens  apud  Bikenoure  vsque  Keyerikesok  et  sic  per  1© 
Mersty  diuidens  balliuam  de  Rywardin  eb  balliuam  de  Dene 
vsque  duas  pulcras  quercus  et  sic  per  altam  viam  tendens  apud 
Monmouth  vsque  la  Wlfmyenok. 

Una  trenchea  incipiens  ad  crucem  avenelli  et  durans  vsque 

XX 

Scuteresforde  et  continet  iiij  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  incipens  apud  Kederekesok  durans  vsque 
Knappestyesenese  et  continet  xx  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  incipiens  apud  brodok  extendens  vsque 
brodweyesenese  et  continet  xij  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  incipiens  apud  Knappestyesforde  durans 
vsque  Warmwalle  et  continet  xij  acras. 

BALLIUA  DE  LACU. 
Est  dominicus  boscus  domini  Regis  et  Nicholaus  de  Lacu  custodit 
earn.  Metse  eiusdem  balliuse  incipiunt  apud  Aletune  et  sic  per 
Aletunes  brok  usque  ad  crucem  de  Netherewestune  et  sic  per 
altuni  vicum  vsque  ad  arborem  vocatam  bolletre  et  sic  per  altum 
vicum  vsque  fraxinum  vocatam  bromesasse  et  sic  per  altum  vicum 
vsque  ad  crucem  vocatam  Luce  crosse  et  sic  per  quamdam  semitam 
vsque  ad  crucem  vocatam  Holwardines  Croyce  et  sic  per  altum 
vicum  vsque  birchoure  et  sic  per  altum  vicum  vsque  Marlwalle 
et  sic  per  quamdam  trencheam  que  diuidit  balliuam  de  Dene  et 
balliuam  de  Lacu  vsque  Wynterwallethornes  et  sic  ultra  le 
muneden  vsque  ad  album  lapidem  et  sic  per  quamdam  semitam 
vocatam  Mersty  qute  diuidit  boscum  Abbatis  Gloucestrise  et  balliuam 
de  Lacu  vsque  ad  Pirihale  et  sic  pir  altum  vicum  vsque  Pirihale- 
thorne  et  sic  per  quamdam  sycheter  vocatam  Derkesforde  vsque 
halewalle  et  sic  per  altum  vicum  vsque  crucem  de  Koctere  et  sic 
per  altum  vicum  vsque  aletune. 

Facta  est  vna  trenchea  vocata  de  Sleperesthorne  incipiens  ad 
boscum  Abbatis  Gloucestrise  et  durans  vsque  Wyggepol  et  con- 
tinet vj  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  de  Pirihale  incipiens  apud  le  Mersty 
inter  balliuam  de  Lacu  et  boscum  abbatis  Glouc.  et  durat  usque 
la  munedwey  et  continet  vj  acras  vnam  rodam  et  dimidium. 
Rogerus  Spure  de  Sancto  Breuello  Walterus  Pagum  de  Bikenore 
Stephanus  Edy  de  Lideneye  sunt  malefactores  de  viridi. 


Ox  the  Perambulation  of  the  Fokest  of  Dene.  367 

BALLIUA  DE  MAGNA  DENE. 
Est  dominicus  boscus  domini  Regis  et  est  in  manu  domini  Regis 

et  constabularius  Sancti  Breuelli  custodit  earn.  Et  incipiunt 
metse  eiusdem  balliuae  apud  le  Mersty  super  Nfewarne  et  extendit 
se  per  ilium,  Mersty  diuidendo  ipsam  balliuam  et  balliuam  de  Staun- 
tune  vsque  Wlfmyenok  et  sic  vsque  duas  pulcras  quercus  per 
publicum  vicum  et  sic  per  le  Mersty  qui  diuidit  ipsam  balliuam  et 
balliuam  de  Rywardin  per  medium  de  la  longereode  iuxta  crucem 
Awnelli  et  sic  per  altum  vicum  vsque  Schutaresford  et  sic  per 
druybrok  vsque  paruam  haseleye  et  sic  per  le  Mersty  qui  diuidit 
ipsam  balliuam  et  balliuam  de  Lacu  vsque  Wiggepol  et  sic  per 
trencheaui  vocatam  Newereode  vsque  Marlewalle  et  sic  per 
costeram  bosci  vsque  Coksuteweye  et  sic  per  costeram  bosci  ad 
locum  vocatum  Randy  et  ad  hue  per  costeram  bosci  vsque  Calde- 
walle  et  sic  vltra  la  munede  usque  ad  caput  de  Sp^nneway  et  sic 
per  altam  viam  vsque  Scataresforde  et  sic  per  la  pulle  vsque  Bike- 
nouresforde  et  sic  per  le  Mersty  qui  diuidit  ipsam  balliuam  et 
balliuam  de  Abenhale  vsque  ad  altum  vicum  iuxta  Leyemoreswalle 
et  sic  per  mariscum  inter  Wydenheye  et  Seyrrugge  vsque  Mare- 
forde  et  sic  per  quemdam  Sychetter  vsque  ad  Mulebeche  et  sic  per 
Newerne  vsque  le  Mersty  super  Newerne. 

Facta  est  ibi  vna  trenchea  incipiens  de  hopestiesford  usque 
Stauntunesforde  et  continet  L  acras. 

Item  vna  trenchea  vocata  la  Merruede  incipiens  apud  la 
munede  et  durat  vsque  Marlebrugge  et  continet  dimidiam  acram. 

Item  vna  trenchea  incipiens  de  Druybrokesforde  et  durans 
vsque  Schepesty  et  continet  unam  acram  et  dimidium. 

Item  vna  trenchea  incipiens  apud  Kockschutesfelde  durans 
vsque  la  munede  et  continet  ij  acras. 

BALLIUA  DE  PARUA  DENE. 

Est  dominicus  boscus  domini  Regis  et  Radulphus  de  Abenhale 

custodit  earn,    et  est  in   manu  domini    Regis,    et    incipit    apud 

la  Monekenedich  et  sic  per  quemdam  Sichetum  de  Bronstonesbrok 

vsque   vastbeche   et  sic  per  la  munede  vsque  pukeputteswey  et 

sic  per  fossatum  iuxta  la  Ridinge  vsque  coryeldestone  et  sic  per 

idem   fossatum    usque    Northlepegate    et   sic  per   idem    fossatum 

vsque  la  Merstowe  et  sic  usque  la  Monekenediche. 
2a  2 


36S  Transactions  fur  the  Year  1SS9-90. 

In  eadetn  balliua  inveniuntur  cippi  iiii  querciuum  succisarurn 
et  asportarum  propter  electionem  justitiaria^um  apud  Glocestriam  ; 
et  sub-boscus  est  bene  custoclitus.     Summa  quercuum  iiii. 

Facta  est  ibi  vna  trenchea  incipiens  apud  Bronstonesbroke  et 
durans  vsque  holemerstowe  et  continet  vnam  acrara  et  xxv  fossata 
carboiiis.  Summa  fossata?  carbonis  xxv.  Jurati  dicunt  quod  in 
omnibus  balliuis  predictis  fuerunt  plures  cippi  quam  sint  com- 
putati  et  nullo  modo  computari  potuerunt  quia  aboliti  sunt  per 
Vetera  fossata  carbonariorum  que  Constabularius  de  Sancto 
Breuello  tenuit  super  cippis  predictis  et  etiam  fforestarij  de  feodo 
quilibet  in  balliua  sua  tenuit  similiter  Vetera  fossata  videlicet 
quoniam  rex  habet  vetus  fossatum  quilibet  flbrestarius  habet 
unuin  ffossatum  in  balliua  sua  preter  in  balliua  Radulphi  Hathewy 
scilicet  balliua  de  Bleyth. 

DE   MINERIIS. 
Dicunt  quod  Radulphus  de  Abenhale1  habet  mineriam  in  balliua 
de    Abbenhale,     et    Dominus    Rex     nichil  inde  habet   nisi    sex 
summas  minerie  per  septimanam   et  clat  propter  hoc  operatoribus 
vj  clenarios. 

Cecilia  de  Michegros2  habet  mineriam  in  balliva  de  Bikenore 
si  inventa  fuerit. 

Walterus  de  Astune  clamat  mineriam  in  balliva  de  Blakeneye 
si  inventa  fuerit. 

Dominus  Rex  habet  Mineriam  in  balliva  de  Ma^na  Dene  et 
capit  de  quolibet  operatori  qui  peterit  lucrari  per  septimanam 
tres  summas  minerie  j  denarium  per  septimanam,  et  quando 
mineria  primo  invenietur,  dominus  rex  habebit  unum  hominem 
operantem  cum  aliis  operantibus  in  mineria  et  conducet  ilium  pro 
duobus  denariis  per  diem  et  habebit  partem  lucri  quantum  eveniat 
uni  operatori. 

Item  Dominus  Rex  habebit  mineriam  per  septimanam  sex 
summas  minerie  que  vocantur  lawore  et  dabit  propter  hoc 
operanti  vj  clenarios  per  septimanam. 

1  See  Pedigree,  ante  Vol.  VI.,  p.  1S3. 

2  Cecilia  de  Michegros  was  the  daughter  and  heir  of  John  Avenel,  of 
Bicknor,  ob.  )  286,  and  wife  of  John  de  Muchegros,  ob.  1276.  Her  husband  had 
been  dead  about  six  years  at  the  date  of  this  Perambulation.  She  survived 
to  1301.  — (See  Pedigree,  ante  Vol.  IV,  p.  31S.) 


On  the  Perambulation  of  the  Forest  of  Dene.  309 

Dorninus  Rex  habet  in  balliva  cle  Bers  quia  plures  sunt 
ibidem  minerie  quam  in  balliva  de  dene  omnia  sicuti  in  balliva 
de  dene  hoc  excepto,  quod  habet  hide  per  septimanam  xxiiij 
summas  minerie  quae  vocantur  Laweore  et  dat  propter  hoc 
operatoribus  per  septimanam  ij  solidos.  Dominus  Rex  habet  in 
balliva  de  Stauntune  mineriam  et  capit  incle  omnia  sicuti  in 
balliva  de  Magna  Dene  hoc  excepto,  quod  dominus  rex  habebit 
de  quolibet  operatori  qui  poterit  lucrari  per  septimanam  tres 
summas  minerie  unum  obolum  per  septimanam  et  non  amplius. 

Item  si  dominus  Rex  habeat  vnam  forgeam  errantem  predicti 
operarii  invenient  ei  mineam  ad  sustentacionem  predicts  forgese 
et  dominus  rex  dabit  eis  pro  qualibet  summa  j  denarium. 

Item  Dominus  rex  habebit  de  qualibet  summa  minerie  quae 
ducetur  extra  forestam  vnum  obolum  et  Omnia  quae  dominus  rex 
capit  de  mineria  ponitur  ad  firmam  per  xlvj  li. 

Item  in  balliva  de  Lacu  est  minea  et  Dominus  Ricardus 
Talebatt1  habet  earn  et  nescitur  quo  warranto,  et  dominus  rex 
nihil  inde  capit. 

Item  Comes  Warwychye  habet  mineriam  in  bosco  suo  de 
Lideneye  et  dominus  rex  nichil  inde  capit,  nisi  de  mineria  quae 
cariatur  extra  forestam  obolum. 

Jurati  dicunt  quod  fforestarii  capiunt  coperones  lignorum 
liberatorum  mineariis  ad  bonduram  minearum  et  faciunt  inde 
comodum  suum. 

'  Sir  Richard  Talbot,  of  Goodrich  Castle  ? 


3n  (nUntoriam* 


WILLIAM  HENRY  PAINE,  F.R.C.R,  F.G.S. 

Since  the  issue  of  the  last  Part  of  our  Transactions  the  Society  has  lost 
another  of  its  Original  Members  in  the  decease  of  Dr.  Paine,  of  Stroud, 
after  an  illness  of  considerable  duration.  He  was  a  native  of  Stroud,  and 
was  born  on  the  28th  April,  1824,  and  died  the  15th  June,  1890,  aged  66 
years. 

Dr.  Paine  was  much  respected  in  the  town  for  his  great  professional 
skill,  his  liberality,  his  unobtrusive  and  always  courteous  demeanour,  and 
his  devotion  to  all  good  works.  He  was  greatly  instrumental  in  the  erection 
of  the  Hospital  in  the  town,  and  took  the  greatest  interest  in  its 
management  afterwards,  visiting  it  daily.  He  was  very  active  in  the 
establishment  of  the  Cemetery,  was  the  first  Chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Health,  was  strenuous  in  the  effort  to  form  a  Mechanics'  Institute,  and  sub- 
sequently of  the  Stroud  Institute  ;  he  encouraged  young  men  in  the  study  of 
Art  and  Science,  and  himself  formed  and  conducted  a  class  in  Physiology. 
He  was  a  great  promoter  of  the  foundation  of  the  School  of  Art  and  of 
the  Stroud  Natural  History  and  Philosophical  Society,  and  in  advancing 
other  philanthrophical  objects.  He  was  in  the  Commission  of  the  Peace 
for  the  County  of  Gloucester,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Royal  Geological 
Society,  the  Cotteswold  Naturalists'  Field  Club  from  its  foundation,  and  of 
the  Bristol  and  Gloucester  Archaeological  Society,  on  the  Council  of  which 
he  served  for  some  years.  He  frequently  attended  the  meetings  of  the 
Society,  but  he  has  not  enriched  the  Transactions  with  any  communication. 


Notices  of  Recent  Arch.eological  Publications,  371 


£Lotms  of  ilemtt  JUchftotogical  &  historical  publications. 


CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS  (Domestic  Sekies)  of  the  Reign  of 
Charles  I.,  1644-1645,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office. 
Edited  by  William  Douglas  Hamilton,  F.S.A.,  of  Her  Majesty's  Public 
Record  Office  and  the  University  of  London.  London  :  Printed  for  the 
Public  Record  Office,  1890. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  of  the  volumes  of  the  Domestic  Series 
of  the  State  Papers  which  have  been  issued,  for  it  embraces  the  most  critical 
period  of  the  great  Civil  War,  when  the  fate  of  the  country  was,  as  it  were, 
hanging  in  the  balance.  The  last  of  Mr.  Hamilton's  volumes  brought  down 
the  history  of  thi3  important  period  to  the  end  of  Sept.  1644,  covering  the 
three  campaigns  of  that  eventful  year.  That  volume  was  noticed  in  Vol. XIII. 
of  our  Transactions.  The  volume  now  before  us  includes  a  further  period  of 
9  months,  extending  from  1st  October,  1644,  to  30th  June,  1645. 

The  greater  number  of  the  Papers  calendared  in  this  volume  relate  to  the 
military  affairs  of  the  Parliamentary  party,  as  we  should  expect  to  find  from 
the  fact  that  they  were  derived  almost  entirely  from  Derby  House.  The 
earlier  documents  exhibit  the  miserable  condition  of  the  Parliamentary  army, 
and  the  privations  the  soldiers  endured  led  to  desertions  and  insubordination, 
in  some  cases  amounting  almost  to  open  revolt ;  nevertheless  the  men  fought 
well  when  brought  into  the  field.  Very  great  evils,  however,  arose  from  the 
jealousies  and  ill-feeling  which  existed  between  the  less  important  officers, 
but  these  were  mere  trifles  as  compared  witli  the  great  quarrel  that  took 
place  between  the  Earl  of  Manchester  and  Cromwell,  which,  in  effect,  led  to 
changes  in  the  personel  of  the  army,  the  total  overthrow  of  the  Constitution, 
and  the  death  of  the  King.  Before,  however,  we  notice  this  part  of  the 
subject  we  must  not  fail  to  advert  to  the  fact  that  the  first  measure  taken  on 
the  opening  of  the  new  year  was  the  attainder  and  subsequent  execution  of 
the  venerable  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.  The  two  Hothams,  and  Sir  Alex- 
ander Carew,  had  already  been  brought  to  the  block. 

On  the  4th  January,  1644-5,  the  Ordinance  of  Attainder  of  the  Archbishop 
was  brought  into  the  Commons  and  hurried  through  both  houses  on  the  same 
day.  He  was  charged  with  various  offences,  which  were  enumerated  in  the 
Ordinance,  and  it  was  declared  that  "the  said  Archbishop  shall  stand  and 
be  adjudged  attainted  of  high  treason,  and  shall  suffer  the  pains  of  death  and 
incur  all  forfeitures,"  &c. ,  though  there  was  not  one  of  the  allegations  which 
would  legally  fall  under  the  law  of  treason,  and  so  conscious  were  his  per- 
secutors of  this  that  provision  was  made  in  the  Ordinance  that  no  judge  or 
judges,  whatsoever,  should  interpret  any  act  to  be  treason  in  any  other 
manner  than  they  would  have  done  before  this  Ordinance  was  made. 
Nevertheless,  under  this  arbitrary  and  illegal  proceeding,  the  aged  Arch- 
bishop, without  regard  to  his  sacred  office,  was  put  to  death  on  Tower  Hill 
six  days  afterwards. 


372  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications. 

We  now  turn  to  the  great  quarrel  between  the  Earl  of  Manchester  and 
Oliver  Cromwell.  We  all  know  that  after  the  overthrow  of  the  Church  the 
Parliamentary  party  became  divided  into  two  sections,  each  bitterly  hostile 
to  the  other.  The  object  of  the  Presbyterians,  to  which  section  the  Earl 
of  Manchester  belonged,  was  to  conquer  the  King  so  far  only  as  to  constrain 
him  to  accept  the  Presbyterian  regime  and  other  changes  in  religion  arising 
therefrom.  The  Independents,  on  the  other  hand,  including  all  the  numer- 
ous and  violent  sectaries — Broumists,  Anabaptists,  Antinonimns,  Seekers, 
Socinians,  &c,  &c. ,  which  naturally  arose  when  all  religious  restraint  was 
removed,  went  much  further  than  pure  democracy.  They  felt  that  even  if 
the  King  could  be  forced  to  yield  to  all  their  demands,  he  would  still  be 
King,  and  they  feared  to  face  all  the  pains  and  penalties  to  which  their 
consciences  told  them  their  conduct  had  rendered  them  liable,  and  they  there- 
fore determined  upon  his  destruction.  Of  this  party  Cromwell  was  the  leader. 

Moreover,  another  important  matter  was  at  stake.  For  many  centuries 
the  nobles  and  great  landed  gentry  of  the  kingdom,  who  were  the  natural 
leaders  of  the  people,  had  been  the  chief  officers  of  the  army,  and  had  led 
the  army  to  victory  on  many  a  gallant  field. 

This  system,  however,  neither  in  principle  nor  practice,  suited  Cromwell's 
designs.  It  was  an  obstacle  in  his  way  which  he  determined  to  remove,  and 
what  he  determined  upon  his  strong,  imperious,  and  unscrupulous  will  gener- 
ally enabled  him  to  accomplish.  To  attain  his  object  he  thwarted,  as  far 
as  he  could,  the  tactics  of  the  Earl  of  Manchester,  under  whom  he  served  as 
second  in  command,  and  represented  the  failure  of  every  enterprise  as  the 
fault  of  his  general,  whose  object,  he  said,  was  not  to  crush  the  King  too 
completely  in  the  field  but  to  constrain  him  to  make  some  compromise. 
Cromwell's  charges  against  the  Earl  may  be  resolved  into  : 

1st.  His  backwardness  to  all  action,  his  neglecting  opportunities,  and 
declining  to  take  or  pursue  advantages  against  the  enemy. 

2nd.  Which  was  still  more  galling  :  that  he  had  expressed  much  con- 
tempt and  scorn  of  commands  from  the  parliament,  or  the  committee  of  both 
kingdoms  (Cal.,  p.  143). 

There  may  be  some  truth  in  these  averments.  Manchester  may  have  had 
these  patriotic  feelings,  but  it  is  manifest  from  the  documents  collected  by 
the  late  Mr.  John  Bruce,  and  printed  by  the  Camden  Society  (Misc.  Vol.  XII. 
N.S.),  that  on  many  occasions  Cromwell  intentionally  had  witheld  that  sup- 
port in  action  required  from  the  cavalry  under  his  command.  Moreover,  it  is 
alleged  that  he  conspired  to  get  rid  of  all  the  high  mini  led  officers  under  his 
command  whom  he  could  not  bend  to  his  will,  and  to  fill  the  vacancies  by 
men  of  low  birth  and  of  his  own  sect,  of  whose  subserviency  to  himself  he 
felt  assured.  One  of  the  witnesses  declares  that  Colonel  Cromwell  in  raising 
the  regiment  "makes  choyce  of  his  officers,  not  [from]  such  as  were  soldiers  or 
men  of  estate  but  such  as  were  common  men,  pore  and  of  mean  parentage,  only 
he  would  give  them  the  title  of  godly  pretious  men  ;  yet  his  common  practise 
was  to  casheire  honest  gentlemen  and  souldiers  that  were  stout  in  the  cause, 
as  I  conceive,  witnes  those  that  did  suffer  in  that  case."  (Camden  Pub.,  p. 72) 

The  charges  brought  by  Cromwell  against  the  Earl  of  Manchester, 
the  nature  of  which  we  have  briefly  stated  above,  are  somewhat  lengthy, 
but  they  have  been  very  carefully  calendared  by  Mr.  Hamilton,  as  well 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  373 

as  the  evidence  in  support  thereof,  which  has  not  hitherto  been  printed. 
There  are,  however,  no  documents  in  the  Derby  House  collection  to  shew 
Manchester's  defence,  and  it  was  thought  that  no  such  evidence  existed. 
Fortunately  this  is  a  mistake.  Some  documents  are  printed  in  Rushworth's 
collection  (Vol.  V.,  pp.  734-736),  and  a  further  portion  in  the  collection 
made  by  the  late  Mr.  John  Bruce,  before  referred  to,  in  the  Camden  Mis- 
cellany, Vol.  VIII.,  N.S.,  by  Mr.  S.  R.  Gardiner,  LL.D. 

These  proceedings  caused  very  strong  contentions  between  the  friends  of 
the  respective  parties.  Mr.  Hamilton,  in  the  Preface  to  this  volume,  has 
entered  very  fully  into  the  controversy,  but  we  have  neither  space  nor 
inclination  to  join  in  it,  and  do  not  share  in  all  Mr.  Hamilton's  views  upon 
the  question,  which  was  never  cleared  up,  but  was  dropped  on  the  passing  of 
the  Self  Denying  Ordinance,  under  which  all  members  of  either  house  of 
parliament  were  required  to  resign  their  commissions  in  the  army.  Under 
this  Ordinance  the  Earls  of  Essex,  Manchester,  Stamford,  and  other  lords 
and  many  gentlemen  became  disqualified  and  retired.  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax 
became  commander  in  chief,  and  Cromwell,  as  Lieut.  -General  commanding 
the  Horse,  the  second  in  command.  Thus  the  first  step  of  the  Republican 
programme  was  gained.  Cromwell,  as  a  member  of  parliament,  should  have 
been  included  in  the  Ordinance,  and  so  he  was,  but  he  knew  how  to  play 
his  cards  so  as  to  escape  it.  Fairfax  and  Cromwell  now  had  a  free  hand. 
Not  only  were  the  "  aristocrat*"  excluded  from  the  "  New  Model,"  but  all 
their  friends,  and  all  who  had  rendered  themselves  in  any  way  inimical 
to  the  Independent  faction. 

The  process  of  "  New  Modelling  "  was  professedly  carried  out  by  Sir 
Thomas  Fairfax  under  the  direction  of  the  Committee  for  the  two  kingdoms, 
but  the  moving  spirit  was  Cromwell.  When  the  "New  Modelling"  was 
completed  neither  the  commander  in  chief,  nor  Cromwell,  nor  the  Committee 
would  seem  to  have  had  much  confidence  in  the  New  Army.  Orders  were 
given  that  the  forces  under  Fairfax  and  Cromwell  should  unite  with  those 
under  Major-General  Richard  Browne  and  prepare  to  besiege  Oxford,  and 
that  the  more  hazardous  task  of  resisting  the  King's  army,  which,  under 
Prince  Rupert,  was  marching  northwards,  should  be  entrusted  to  the  Scots 
under  the  Earl  of  Leven,  but  the  successes  of  the  Royalists  under  Montrose 
frustrated  these  plans. 

We  cannot  follow  the  movements  of  the  opposing  forces  during'the 
spring,  but  on  the  14th  June  was  fought  the  fatal  battle  of  Naseby — fatal  to 
the  Royal  cause.  The  King's  army  was  greatly  out-numbered,  and  suffered 
a  signal  defeat,  from  which  his  cause  never  recovered. 


FORT  ANCIENT,  the  Great  Pre-historic  Earthwork  of  Warren  County, 
Ohio,  compiled  from  a  careful  Survey,  with  an  account  of  its  Mounds  and 
Graves,  a  Topographical  Map,  35  full-page  Prototypes,  and  Surveying 
Notes  in  full.  By  Warren  K.  Moorhead,  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
Washington.     Miss  Millard,  Teddington,  Middlesex,  1890. 

This  great  earthwork  is  described  as  "situated  on  a  slightly  rollino- 
plateau  "  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Little  Miami  River,  and  as  "  the  greatest 
of  all  the  Pre-historic  Earthworks  in  the  Mississippi  basin."  It  has  been 
very  carefully  surveyed,  mapped,  and  illustrated  by  the  author  and  his 


374  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications. 

assistants.  It  consists  of  two  forts,  called  the  New  Fort  and  the  Old  Fort, 
which  are  connected  by  a  narrow  neck  or  isthmus  about  a  fifth  of  a  mile  in 
length  and  strongly  fortified  at  each  end.  The  fortress  lies  about  north-east 
and  south-west,  and  from  point  to  point  in  a  straight  line  measures  about 
5000  feet.  The  walls,  which  are  composed  of  tough  alluvial  clay,  and 
average  9  or  10  feet  in  height,  extend  in  circuit  upwards  of  10  miles.  It 
is  remarkable  that  in  some  parts  the  ditch  is  within  the  walls,  which  are 
very  carefully  and  particularly  described. 

There  are  five  "  small  mounds,"  or  barrows,  within  the  area  of  the  New 
Fort,  and  on  the  isthmus  and  Fort  Ancient  are  numerous  stone  graves. 
They  were  very  carefully  opened  and  drawings  made  and  photographs  taken 
of  their  contents.  It  is  stated  that  in  the  centre  of  the  Old  Fort  is  a  large  wal- 
nut stump,  around  which  are  many  graves,  which  are  about  2^ft.  in  depth. 
These  graves  are  formed  of  limestones  brought  from  the  ravines  adjacent  or 
the  river  valley  below,  and  are  placed  on  each  side  of  the  skeletons  at  the 
head  and  at  the  feet  and  over  them.  The  skeletons  found  in  the  cemetery 
are  said  to  be  of  an  average  size,  being  about  5  feet  6  ins.  in  height.  In  one 
interment  the  skeleton  was  found  quite  complete  and  well  preserved.  It 
had  a  large  circle  of  stones  placed  around  it.  This  is  figured  on  PI.  XXVI. 
Together  with  it  were  found  various  relics  :  e.g.,  near  the  left  shoulder  were 
remains  of  pottery  broken  into  small  fragments.  Near  the  left  femur  was  a 
large  spear-head  of  yellow  flint,  and  near  the  right  femur  was  a  large  stone 
celt.  About  twenty  skeletons  were  taken  out  of  this  graveyard  in  various 
stages  of  decomposition.  They  were  mostly  much  decayed.  Some  of  them,  the 
author  says,  "  were  as  deep  below  the  surface  as  3^  feet."  But  we  must  not 
delay  by  giving  a  description  of  relics  found  in  these  interesting  excavations, 
but  refer  the  reader  to  Mr.  Moorhead's  valuable  volume.  They  consisted  of 
stone  implements,  axes,  hammers,  celts,  &c,  much  resembling  those  found 
in  Europe. 

In  the  river  valley  below  Fort  Ancient  is  the  site  of  a  large  village.  It 
extended  over  a  space  about  half  a  mile  long  and  a  quarter  of  a  mile  wide. 
At  the  depth  of  2  feet  were  found  numerous  bones  of  animals,  ashes,  and 
fragments  of  pottery.  The  bones  were  mostly  in  small  pieces,  and  not  nearly 
so  numerous  as  those  found  at  a  depth  of  4  feet ;  shewing  that  4  feet  of  soil 
had  accumulated  since  the  former,  or  great  village,  had  been  abandoned,  and 
indicating  that  a  long  period  of  time  had  elapsed.  At  the  lower  level, 
pottery  of  a  beautiful  texture  and  finish,  and  implements  of  a  better  character 
were  found  than  those  discovered  at  the  higher  level. 

The  following  description  is  given  of  the  section  of  the  excavations  on  the 
site  of  the  village: — First,  there  is  a  layer  of  loam  about  2ft.  thick,  then  there 
is  a  thin  deposit  of  ashes,  charcoal,  &c.  Then  there  are  from  2ft.  to  30ins.  of 
sand  and  loam,  and  a  heavy  deposit  of  refuse.  At  5ft.  we  find,  in  places,  a 
thick  layer  of  bones,  pottery,  &c. ;  it  is  not,  however,  continuous  like  the  4ft. 
layer  (before  mentioned),  and  the  village  that  left  it  was  not  so  large  as  the 
two  later  ones.  In  some  excavations  the  bones  are  few,  and  the  mussel 
shells  scarce.  In  others  we  seem  to  strike  the  site  of  a  lodge  and  find  many 
remains  of  occupation. 

A  few  pieces  of  pottery  of  a  dark  red  colour,  which  were  thick  and 
clumsy,  and  a  few  bird  bones  were  all  that  were  found  at  2  ft.  from  the 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  375 

surface.  From  a  depth  of  2  ft. ,  until  we  reached  a  depth  of  4  ft. ,  we  found 
nothing.  At  4ft.  we  found  the  greatest  deposit  of  objects  described.  At  this 
level  we  found  a  large  black  mass  of  ashes  and  soft  earth,  and  burnt  stone, 
such  as  would  result  from  long  continued  cooking  on  one  spot  of  ground.  In 
this  mass  of  ashes  were  the  bones  of  17  animals  and  birds  and  many  fish  scales. 
We  also  took  out  8  bone  needles  and  awls,  such  as  the  women  of  the  tribe 
would  use  for  the  manufacture  of  garments  of  deer-skin.  Some  of  the 
pottery  fragments  found  at  this  level  were  quite  large  and  nicely  decorated. 
The  bones  represent  the  following  animals  and  birds  : — bear,  deer,  elk, 
musk-rat,  ground-hog,  raccoon,  squirrel,  rabbit  and  wolf,  wild  turkey,  wild 
duck,  hawk,  owl,  quail,  cat-fish,  turtle  and  gar.  Deer  antlers  also  were 
taken  out,  some  of  which  had  been  artificially  sharpened  to  be  used  as  needles 
or  perforators.  The  large  bones  of  the  deer  and  bear  had  been  split  to  extract 
the  marrow. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  discoveries  was  the  skeleton  of  a  child  3  ft. 
deep  in  the  ground.  It  was  18  ins.  in  length,  and  was  covered  with  large 
stones.  "  It  was  nearly  doubled  up,  as  if  it  had  been  placed  in  a  sitting 
posture  and  allowed  to  fall  over."  In  the  grave,  together  with  other  relics, 
was  found  a  fine  arrow-head  of  clear  chalcedony.  The  skeleton  of  another 
infant  less  than  a  foot  in  length  was  found  in  the  same  village  site,  as  was 
also  that  of  a  young  woman  about  20  years  of  age,  whose  skull  is  well 
formed  and  the  facial  angle  good  ;  and,  it  is  remarked,  that  the  skulls  found  on 
Fort  Ancient  are  a  fine  type  with  large  brain  cavity,  indicating  a  superior 
race  of  people,  while  some  few  skulls  were  found  on  the  village  site  which 
were  very  thick,  low,  and  ill-shaped,  the  facial  angle  very  acute,  the  fore- 
head running  immediately  back,  like  that  of  an  African,  shewing  that  two 
races  of  people  had  inhabited  the  village. 

The  book  is  stated  to  have  been  written  in  the  field,  which  adds  to  its 
interest,  and  may  account  for  some  defects  in  the  arrangement,  nevertheless 
it  is  most  interesting  and  valuable,  though  it  sadly  wants  an  index. 


AN  INTRODUCTION  TO  ENGLISH  ECONOMIC  HISTORY  &  THEORY. 
By  W.  J.  Ashley,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Lincoln  College,  Oxford.  The  Middle 
Ages.     London  :  Rivingtons,  Waterloo  Place,  1888. 

Mr.  Ashley  introduces  his  subject  with  a  description  of  the  Agricultural 
Condition  of  England  in  Mediaeval  Times,  explaining  the  working  of  the 
Open  Field  System.  He  takes  a  very  wide  view  of  the  subject,  describing 
the  various  theories  which  have  been  formed  of  the  origin  of  manors  from 
that  held  by  the  late  Mr.  J.  M.  Kemble,  now,  we  believe,  generally  exploded 
as  regards  this  country,  down  to  that  of  Mr.  Seebohm,  whose  system  the 
author  very  succinctly,  lucidly,  and  favourably  describes. 

Our  author  draws  attention  to  the  great  changes  which  had  taken  place 
in  the  relative  number  of  classes  forming  the  population,  and  of  the  number 
of  individuals  belonging  to  each  class  of  the  rural  population  as  described  in 
Domesday,  as  well  as  in  the  customals  of  the  end  of  the  13th  century  which 
still  exist.  Whereas  in  the  former  record,  generally,  the  population  of  a  manor 
was  grouped  chiefly  under  3  grades  : — villans,  cottars  or  bordars,  and  serfs,  or 
slaves  as  he  denominates  them,  in  the  latter  appear  6  or  8  or  even  10  classes. 


376  Notices  of  Recent  Arch-cological  Publications. 

He  says  "  the  changes  appear  bewildering  in  their  complexity  and  variety," 
Such  changes,  however,  appear  natural  in  a  period  of  two  centuries.  Besides 
it  may  be  observed  that  he  has  omitted  to  mention  among  the  Domesday 
grades  those  of  freemen,  radchenistre,  &c.  It  must  be  admitted  that,  com- 
paratively, these  were  few  in  number,  nevertheless  freemen  are  included  in 
the  great  Intpuest,  and  it  is  this  class  in  which  the  greatest  increase  in 
number,  noticed  by  Mr.  Ashley,  is  found.  Other  denominations  also  exist  in 
the  record  to  which  Mr.  Ashley  does  not  allude. 

The  great  disparity  in  this  proportionate  number,  especially  in  the  class 
of  freeman,  is  very  marked  and  the  causes  which  led  to  it,  as  pointed  out  by 
the  author,  are  of  much  interest,  and  form  not  the  least  valuable  portion  of 
the  work. 

Having  disposed  of  the  Manor  and  Village  Community  the  author  pro- 
ceeds to  shew  what  was  the  condition  of  the  urban  population  in  mediaeval 
times.  The  great  and  beneficial  influence  exercised  by  the  gilds  during  this 
period  is  even  yet  scarcely  recognised.  They  pervaded  the  whole  of  the  dwellers 
in  large  towns,  extending  into  the  smaller  country  towns,  and  even  into  coun- 
try parishes.  Mr.  Ashley  treats  of  the  subject  very  comprehensively  and  clearly 
under  the  several  heads  of  The  Merchant  Gilds,  the  origin  of  the  Craft  Gilds, 
and  the  relations  between  these  two  classes,  which  were  not  always  amicable. 
And  an  account  is  given  of  the  Internal  Organization  of  the  latter.  Of  the 
Social  and  Religious  Gilds  he  does  not  write.  Our  space  will  not  permit  us  to 
treat  so  fully  as  we  could  wish  of  this  valuable  little  work.  We  cannot,  how- 
ever, refrain  from  saying  a  few  words  on  the  subject  of  Craft  Gilds,  and, except 
with  reference  to  the  crafts  themselves,  our  remarks  will  also  apply  to  the 
Social  Gilds.  The  objects  of  the  ancient  Gilds  were  very  unlike  those  of  the 
modern  Trades  Union,  which  are  based  upon  greed  and  fraudulent  dealing.  The 
object  of  ancient  Gilds  was  the  general  welfare  of  the  Craft,  Masters  as  well 
as  men.  And  this  was  sought  to  be  attained  by  the  use  of  the  best  materials 
and  the  best  workmanship,  which  were  strictly  supervised  by  the  masters, 
wardens,  overseers,  &c. ,  of  the  Gild  who  were  elected  annually  in  a  full  assem- 
bly of  the  brethren.  And  an  offending  member  was  expelled  by  a  similar  full 
meeting.  The  credit  of  the  craft  was  at  stake.  And  this  sense  of  brotherhood 
extended  to  every  relation  in  life.  If  a  member  was  sick  he  was  visited  by  his 
brethren,  and  every  necessary,  medically  or  otherwise,  was  provided  for  him 
from  the  general  stock.  If  he  fell  into  poverty  without  any  fault  of  his  own, 
he  was  assisted.  If  he  died,  the  necessaries  for  his  funeral  were  provided, 
as  were  the  religious  rites  and  ceremonies,  and  the  brethren  of  the  Gild 
attended  his  funeral,  and,  moreover,  the  interests  of  his  children,  if  they 
needed  it,  were  carefully  attended  to. 

The  last  chapter  treats  of  "Economic  Theories  and  Legislation. "  Into 
this  we  must  not  enter.  It  may  suffice  to  say  that  it  inculcates  in  all  tran- 
sactions the  principle  of  just  dealing  between  man  and  man.  We  have 
seldom  read  a  work  with  greater  pleasure.  It  is  brimful  of  information 
throughout,  and  marks  very  exensive  reading,  and  careful  and  close  study. 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  377 

STUDIES  IN  EVOLUTION  &  BIOLOGY.  By  Alice  Bodington.  London  : 
Elliot  Stock,  1890. 

GLIMPSES  INTO  NATURE'S  SECRETS,  or  Strolls  on  Beach  and  Down. 
By  Edward  Martin.     London  :  Elliot  Stock,  1890. 

PASSING  THOUGHTS  OF  A  WORKING-MAN.  By  Herbert  Cloudesley 
author  of  Sketches  from  Real  Life.     London  :  Elliot  Stock,  1890 
A  CONSIDERATION  OF  GENTLE  WAYS,  and  other  Essays.    By  Edw. 
Butler,  author  of  Good  Consideration.     London  :  Elliot  Stock,  1890. 
NEWSPAPER  REPORTING  in  olden  time  and  to-day.  By  John  Pendle- 
ton, author  of  History  of  Derbyshire  Ac.     London  :  Elliot  Stock,  1890. 

We  are  much  indebted  to  Mr.  Stock  for  the  above  batch  of  little  books,  all 
of  which  are  of  considerable  interest,  and  we  proceed  to  give  short  notices  of 
them  seriatim. 

Studies  in  Evolution  and  Biology. — This  little  volume  forms  a  small 
Manual  on  a  very  large  and  important  subject,  only  recently  introduced  as  a 
science  by  the  late  Mr.  Darwin,  whose  theory  has  been  very  hesitatingly 
and  cautiously  received  ;  nevertheless  the  discoveries  which  have  been  since 
made  are  certainly  very  startling.  They  cannot,  however,  we  conceive,  be 
fully  accepted  at  present.  They  require  further  careful  investigation  and 
consideration. 

The  author  says  she  is  old  enough  to  remember  that  most  of  the  facts  of 
Zoology  which  were  considered  special  stumbling  blocks  in  accepting  Dar- 
win's theory  of  Evolution,  proved  special  triumphs  from  the  attention  which 
they  drew  ;  amongst  other  objections  it  was  said,  if  horses  had  been  evolved 
(from  Eohippus,  an  animal  about  the  size  of  a  cat,  the  remains  of  which  are 
found  in  New  Mexico,  which  is  supposed  to  be  the  progenitor  of  the  horse), 
a  five-toed  form  would  have  existed,  and  the  five-toed  form  has  been  found. 
And  it  is  said  that  "  The  pedigree  of  the  horse  is  one  of  peculiar  interest 
owing  to  the  high  state  of  specialization  reached  by  this  animal,  and  the 
completeness  with  which  every  step  in  its  progress  has  been  followed. " 

No  scientist,  we  believe,  denies  that  evolution  to  some  extent  may  exist, 
and  we  are  willing  to  admit  that  disused  members  may,  in  the  lapse  of  ages, 
disappear  or  become  modified  and  adapted  to  other  purposes  more  suitable 
to  the  environment  of  the  animal,  but  we  hesitate  to  accept  all  the  theories 
laid  down. 

The  author  gives  a  very  interesting  account  of  the  evolution  of  the  eye, 
leading  up  to  the  most  amazing  description  of  the  processes  of  evolution  in 
all  classes  of  animals  arising  from  their  environment  as  regards  climate, 
food,  natural  selection,  and  other  circumstances.  All  this  is  of  great  interest, 
but  it  is  impossible  here  to  follow  her  through  it,  especially  as  Darwin  and 
his  disciples  differ  in  opinion  upon  the  subject. 

The  most  absorbing  interest,  however,  is  centred  in  the  antiquity,  greater 
or  less,  of  Man,  and  the  work  of  the  hands  of  Man,  whch  are  more  enduring 
than  Man  himself.  These  have  been  found  in  the  drift  gravels  of  the  tertiary 
age,  accompanied  with  the  remains  of  the  mammoth,  the  woolly  rhinocerns, 
the  cave  lion,  the  cave  bear  and  other  of  the  large  mammalia,  man's  contem- 
poraries 

"  We  have  no  means,"  Sir  John  Lubbock  says,  "  of  measuring  the  antiquity 
of  Man,  and  it  may  be  doubted  whether  even  geologists  realize  the  great 


37S  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications. 

antiquity  of  our  race."  Some  have  attributed  to  it  millions  of  years,  but  these 
estimates  are  avowedly  conjectural  and  at  best  approximate.  The  changes 
which  have  taken  place  since  his  appearance  is  evidence  of  a  vast,  we  may 
almost  say  an  inconceivable  period  of  time.  .Sir  John  Lubbock  writes:  "  The 
climate  of  Europe  has  changed,  valleys  have  been  deepened,  widened  and 
partially  filled  up  again,  caves  through  which  subterranean  rivers  once 
ran  are  now  left  dry,  even  the  configuration  of  the  land  has  been  materially 
altered,  Africa  finally  separated  from  Europe,"  and,  we  may  add,  England 
from  France. 

In  California  among  the  rude  implements  found  with  the  remains  of 
Man,  Mr. Wallace  tells  us  (Nineteenth  century,  Vol.  XXII  ,  p.  676)  that  "in 
1860-1869  many  mortars,  pestles,  and  other  stone  implements  were  found  in 
the  lower  gravels  beneath  lava  beds,  and  in  other  auriferous  gravels  and  clays 
at  a  depth  of  150  feet."  This  would  certainly  indicate  that  the  fabricators 
of  these  vessels  could  be  none  other  than  truly  Man,  and  man  possessed  of 
some  amount  of  civilization.  Can  it  be  supposed,  in  the  face  of  this  fact, 
that  the  theory  of  the  author  of  the  little  book  before  us,  that  Man  was 
evolved  from  the  Lemur,  a  monkey,  of  which  living  specimens  are  common 
in  the  Island  of  Madagascar. 

That  man  existed  upon  the  earth  before  the  Glacial  period  must  be 
admitted  by  every  one  who  has  at  all  considered  the  subject  with  a  candid 
mind.  How  much  earlier  there  is,  as  yet,  but  doubtful  evidence.  Some 
geologists  believe  that  traces  of  Man  have  been  found  as  early  as  the 
Pliocene  or  even  the  Miocene  epochs.  The  above  admission,  of  course,  in- 
volves the  existence  of  Man,  perhaps  various  races  of  Man,  before  and  at  the 
creation  of  Adam,  though  inferior  to  him  who  was  created  in  the  image  of 
Cod.  There  is  not  anything  in  this  theoiy  to  question  the  authority  of  the 
Book  of  Genesis — God  forbid  !  On  the  contrary  it  is,  in  our  opinion,  strictly 
in  accordance  with,  and  confirms  and  supports,  the  text  of  Holy  Scripture  ; 
but  we  cannot  enter  upon  this  subject  here. 


Glimpses  into  Nature's  Secrets. — To  all  who  take  an  interest  in  the 
various  living  creatures  they  may  see  in  their  walks,  and  desire  to  become 
acquainted  with  their  habits  and  characteristics,  this  little  volume  will  be 
an  acceptable  acquisition,  aud  especially  will  it  be  so  to  young  people  and 
intelligent  children. 

Mr.  Martin  divides  his  work  into  two  sections.  In  the  first  he  treats  of 
the  more  familiar  of  the  creatures  found  on  the  sea  beach.  He  directs 
attention  to  the  escallop,  and  points  out  the  minute  organisms  which  form 
the  thriving  colonies  on  the  back  of  his  shell.  Oysters,  mussels,  the  sea 
urchin  and  star-fish,  together  with  numerous  other  waifs  from  the  sea,  which 
thousands  daily  pass  by  unobserved,  receive  his  attention  and  form  subjects 
for  his  interesting  remarks  or  their  habits  and  instincts. 

The  second  section  commences  with  the  description  of  a  "Ramble  over 
the  Downs."  which  encircle  on  three  sides  the  town  of  Brighton.  In  this 
the  author  treats  of  a  subject  of  a  different  class  from  that  beforementioned, 
though  not  of  less  interest.  After  describing,  generally,  the  beautiful  and 
diversified  scenery  which  this  ramble  affords — deversified  by  reason  of  the 
geological  formation  of  the  district,  shewing  the  changes  which,  during  the 


Notice*  ok  Recent  Archaeological  Pcblications.  379 

lapse  of  untold  ages,  it  has  undergone,  all  of  which  he  has  explained,  the 
author  proceeds  to  describe  a  geological  journey  across  the  country  from 
London  to  Brighton.  This  journey  perhaps  affords  an  opportunity  of  view- 
ing as  interesting  and  instructive  a  section  of  country  as  could  readily  be 
found.  To  say  nothing  of  the  London  basin,  Mr.  Martin  conducts  his  readers 
to  some  of  the  most  illustrative  sections  shewn  in  precipices,  railway  cut- 
tings, &c,  which  exhibit  very  fully  the  stratification  of  the  counties  of 
Kent,  Surrey,  and  Sussex.  These  chapters  are  pregnant  with  information 
concerning  the  science  of  which  they  treat,  delivered  in  a  very  pleasing 
manner,  and  cannot  fail  to  be  interesting  and  instructive  to  all  who  have  a 
taste  for  the  study  of  geology. 


Passing  Thoughts  of  a  Working  Man. — Whether  or  no  the  author  of 
these  Essays  be  as  he  describes  himself  we  cannot  say.  The  first  three  "On 
Woman"  are  crude  and  impracticable  enough,  but  the  remainder,  especially 
those  on  "  Poetry,"  shew  a  degree  of  scholarship,  culture  and  apt  illustration 
which  we  should  not  expect  from  a  Working  Man. 

The  writer  is  an  ardent  lover  of  Nature,  and  his  descriptions  shew  a 
remarkable  faculty  of  observation  and  poetic  description  rarely  met  with 
except  in  some  of  the  best  writers.  Some  portions  are  very  amusing.  We 
can  cordially  commend  the  litle  work  to  the  perusal  of  all  classes. 


A  Consideration  of  Gentle  Ways. — The  moral  teaching  of  this  little  work 
is  excellent,  except  the  chapter  on  "  Parables  and  Apologues,"  the  state- 
ments in  which  are  incorrect  and  offensive  ;  and  the  work,  we  think,  is  not  a 
safe  one  to  put  into  the  hands  of  children,  or  young  persons,  in  consequence 
of  the  indefinite  religious  opinions  of  the  writer. 


Newspaper  Reporting. — Mr.  Pendleton  affords  much  curious  information 
upon  a  subject  of  the  details  of  which  the  public  have  but  little  acquain- 
tance, though  the  reporters  are  continually  before  us  ministering  to  our  curi- 
osity or  our  knowledge.  Though  newspapers  had  their  advent  in  England 
no  longer  ago  than  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century,  by  the  ability  and 
dogged  perseverance  of  the  leaders  of  the  press,  undeterred  by  any  false 
sense  of  modesty,  the  Press  has  now  become  an  important  factor  in  State 
affairs  and  in  all  commercial  pursuits.  The  Newspaper  Reporter  is  ubiqui- 
tous. There  is  no  public  affair  of  interest,  or  event  of  importance,  at  which 
he  is  not  present  to  chronicle  its  history.  Through  his  means,  reports  of  the 
debates  in  parliament  at  night  are  laid  on  our  breakfast  tables  the  follow- 
ing morning,  with  the  long  speeches  of  our  leading  statesmen  often  printed 
in  extenso.  The  marvel  is  by  what  means  is  this  great  task  effected  !  Mr. 
Pendleton  takes  us  behind  the  scenes  and  shews  us  the  machinery  through 
which  it  is  accomplished.  The  recent  practice  of  what  is  called  "Interview- 
ing "  is,  we  consider,  most  objectionable. 

But  this  is  not  all.  The  reporters  even  follow  our  armies  into  the  field 
of  battle,  and  their  reports  have  not  unfrequently  done  much  mischief  in 
consequence  of  their  having  wormed  out  secrets  from  the  more  inexperienced 
officers,  and  published  them  in  the  newspapers,  insomuch  that  some  of  the 
more  cautious  of  our  Generals  have  forbidden  the  presence  of  reporters  with 
an  army  in  the  field. 


380  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications. 

Mr.  Pendleton  traces  the  history  of  reporting  from  the  old  news-letters  of 
the  16th  and  17th  centuries  down  to  the  present  time,  and  relates  many 
incidents  and  traditions  of  the  "  Galleries  "  of  the  Houses  of  Parliament,  and 
amusing  anecdotes  of  the  hattles  between  the  reporters  and  the  House  of 
Commons,  in  which  the  former  were,  eventually,  the  victors,  and  also  some 
remarkable  experiences  and  adventures  in  carrying  out  their  arduous  duties. 
The  little  book  is  very  readable  and  in  many  parts  amusing. 


CALENDAR  OF  THE  STATE  PAPERS  relating  to  Ireland,  of  the  Reign 
of  Elizabeth,  1592,  October— 1596,  June,  preserved  in  the  Public  Record 
Office.  Edited  by  Hans  Claude  Hamilton,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  late  an  Assistant 
Record  Keeper,  under  the  direction  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  and  with 
the  sanction  of  Her  Majesty's  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Department. 
London  :  Printed  for  Her  Majesty's  Stationery  Office  by  Eyre  and  Spottis- 
woode,  1890. 

We  gladly  welcome  Mr.  Hamilton's  new  volume  of  the  Calendar  of  State 
Papers  for  Ireland.  The  last  volume  was  issued  as  long  ago  as  1886,  but  we 
know  that  Mr.  Hamilton  has,  from  time  to  time,  been  taken  off  this  work  to 
undertake  duties  considered  to  be  of  greater  importance,  or  more  pressing. 
The  last  volume  brought  down  the  Irish  Records  to  the  end  of  September, 
1592,  and  this  commences  on  the  16th  of  the  following  month  and  extends 
to  the  end  of  June,  1596,  a  period  of  three  years  and  nine  months. 

In  noticing  the  last  volume  (ante  Vol.  X.,  346)  we  mentioned  the  defeat 
and  destruction  of  the  great  Spanish  Armada,  and  commented  on  the  bar- 
barous cruelties  perpetrated  in  cold  blood  by  the  Irish  on  the  shipwrecked, 
castaway,  and  defenceless  Spanish  seamen.  The  destruction  of  the  great 
fleet  which  had  been  prepared  at  an  incalculable  cost  in  confident  expect- 
ation of  conquest,  greatly  mortified  the  pride  of  the  Spanish  monarch,  whilst 
the  inhuman  cruelties  practised  on  his  defenceless  subjects  naturally  aroused 
his  wrath  and  indignation,  and  determined  him  to  pursue  the  war  by  every 
means  in  his  power,  and  avenge  the  great  indignity  he  had  sustained  and 
the  intolerable  sufferings  of  his  people. 

The  administration  of  the  government  of  Ireland  was  at  this  time  vested 
in  Sir  William  Fitzwilliams  as  Lord  Deputy.  Mr.  Hamilton  observes  that 
"he  managed  the  Earl  of  Tyrone  much  better  than  did  his  successor,  Sir 
William  Russell,  for  he  knew  not  only  the  Earl,  but  also  the  valour  and 
disposition  of  his  own  English  colleagues,  and  the  best  way  to  treat  them. 
As  for  Sir  William  Russell,  his  overbearing  carriage  towards  Sir  John 
Norris  and  other  eminent  soldiers  gave  Tyrone  ample  opportunities  to 
secure  a  much  firmer  hold  of  confederates  than  could  have  been  possible  for 
him  under  better  and  more  united  rule." 

The  Irish  malcontent  chieftains  were  only  too  ready  to  second  the  King 
of  Spain  in  his  designs,  and  the  arrival  of  Edmund  M'Gauran,  whom  the 
Pope,  upon  Philip's  recommendation,  had  appointed  Archbishop  of  Armagh 
and  Primate  of  Ireland,  direct  from  the  Spanish  court  with  liberal  promises 
of  support  from  the  King,  encouraged  the  northern  chiefs  in  their  rebellious 
attitude,  and  the  archbishop,  who  would  seem  to  have  been  a  man  of  cour- 
age, tact,  and  ability,  was  very  successful  in  reconciling  any  jealousies  or 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  381 

differences  which  existed  among  them.  Sir  Richard  Bingham,  on  the  6th  of 
June,  reports  to  Burghley  that  "  one  M'Gauran,  who  terms  himself  Primate, 
doth  much  mischief,  riding  on  his  chief  horse  with  his  staff  and  a  shirt  of 
mail,"  but  in  the  same  month  he  was  slain  at  Maghary  with  seven  or  eight  of 
the  Maguires. 

The  death  of  M'Gauran  brought  the  Earl  of  Tyrone  to  the  front  of  the 
rebels,  though  he  did  not  appear  publicly,  but  dissembled,  protesting  his 
loyalty.  He  even  went  so  far  as  to  join  Sir  Henry  Bagenall,  the  Marshal,  in  an 
expedition  against  the  Maguires,  and  crossing  a  ford  called  Cooloyne,  near 
Beleek,  defeated  them  witli  loss  of  more  than  one-third  of  their  number.  In 
the  pursuit  he  got  shot  through  the  leg  with  a  dart,  and  would  have  been  slain 
had  he  not  been  rescued.  He  made  a  great  parade  of  this  wound  as  evidence 
of  his  loyalty.  Writing  to  the  council  on  the  5th  of  November,  he  says,  "  If 
I  had  been  in  good  state  of  health,  able  to  have  written  to  you  of  the  good 
success  which  we  have  had  against  Maguire  I  would  before  this  time 
have  informed  you  of  the  manner  of  this  service,  as  how  every  man  played 
his  part  in  the  same  to  the  honour  of  her  Majesty,  and  to  the  confusion  of 
the  rebel's  force,  but  by  reason  it  was  my  hap  in  that  day's  service  to  receive 
a  dangerous  wound  in  my  right  leg,  which  [was]  quite  run  through  with  a 
spear,  on  account  of  which  wound  I  am  not  yet  able  to  stand  but  upon  a 
crutch,  I  could  not  as  I  fain  would  inform  your  Lordship  of  that  matter. 
Now  that  I  feel  in  myself  a  little  recovery  and  amendment  of  my  hurt,  I 
thought  good  to  signify  unto  you  how  that  service  was  taken  in  hand  and 
performed  ;  being  glad,  though  my  hurt  was  sore,  that  for  a  testimony  of 
my  loyalty  and  faithfulness  to  serve  Her  Majesty  it  was  my  chance  to  have 
a  print  in  my  body  of  this  day's  service,  as  I  have  had  many  other  before 
this  time  ;  not  doubting  that  my  blood  now  lost  in  this  and  other  services 
heretofore  will  satisfy  the  Queen's  Majesty,  and  confirm  her  good  opinion  of 
me  and  also  your  Lordships'."  (170)  A  letter  of  commendation  was  written 
to  him  by  the  council. 

This  skirmish  was  of  considerable  importance,  as  it  was  the  cause  of  great 
estrangement  between  the  Earl  and  Bagenall,  brothers-in-law  though  they 
were,  for  the  Earl  had  married  a  sister  of  the  latter,  and  he  considered  that 
the  Marshal  in  his  official  report  had  not  mentioned  the  Earl's  services  on 
the  occasion  as  being  so  important  as  the  Earl  himself  considered  them. 

In  1594  a  question  of  some  moment  arose  as  to  the  liberation  of  Florence 
McCarthy  Reagh,  who  had  been  kept  a  prisoner  for  many  years  under  very 
romantic  circumstances.  During  the  time  of  the  Desmond  troubles  Queen 
Elizabeth,  in  order,  in  some  measure,  to  lessen  the  influence  of  that  great 
house  in  Munster,  conferred  an  Earldom  on  Donnell  McCarthy  Mor.  He 
married  a  sister  of  the  15th  Earl  of  Desmond,  by  whom  he  had  issue  a  son 
named  Tadge,  Lord  Valentia,  who  died  young  s.p.,  and  a  daughter,  Ellen, 
who  became  the  wife  of  Florence  McCarthy,  the  supplicant  for  liberty  above- 
mentioned.  After  the  death  of  his  son,  the  Earl,  who  had  always  been  ex- 
travagant in  his  expenditure,  became  still  more  reckless.  He  obtained 
money  of  a  Mr.  Nicholas  Browne,  an  undertaker  on  the  Geraldine  estate  in 
Munster,  and  contemplated  the  settlement  of  this  loan  by  giving  his  daugh- 
ter, the  Lady  Ellen,  who  had  become  a  great  heiress,  to  Mr.  Nicholas 
Browne's  son  in  marriage.  To  this  proposal  the  young  lady's  mother  would 
not  for  a  moment  listen,  deeming  it  a  great  disparagement  to  the  blood  of 

Vol.  XIV.  2b 


382  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications. 

a  McCarthy  and  a  Desmond  ;  and  early  in  1589  a  private  marriage  was 
arranged  between  the  Lady  Ellen  and  Florence  McCarthy.  The  result  of 
this  runaway  match  would  on  the  death  of  the  Earl  be  the  uniting  of  the 
territories  of  McCarthy  Reagh  and  McCarthy  Mor  in  one  person,  and 
the  Desmonds  having  been  destroyed,  a  McCarthy  on  such  a  scale,  with 
the  influence  arising  from  the  alliances  of  the  two  united  houses,  would 
become  the  strongest  man  in  Munster  ;  and  it  was  a  settled  policy  of  the 
English  government  to  break  up  the  large  and  powerful  estates.  The  Queen 
was  exceedingly  wroth,  and  commanded  that  Florence  should  be  sent  a 
prisoner  to  London,  and  he  was  committed  to  the  Tower,  where  he  remained 
a  close  prisoner  for  two  years.  His  wife  meanwhile  took  refuge  among  her 
own  people.  After  the  expiration  of  two  years  the  Queen  was  pleased  to 
grant  considerable  amelioration  of  Florence's  imprisonment.  He  was  allowed 
out  of  the  Tower  on  parole,  but  he  was  to  remain  in  London,  or  within  three 
miles  of  it,  and  not  to  approach  the  Court.  His  wife  was  permitted  to  be 
with  him,  and  this  continued  for  another  two  years.  His  lands,  however, 
had  been  extented,  so  that  he  could  not  obtain  any  revenue  from  them.  He 
was  consequently  greatly  in  debt.  His  condition  is  shewn  by  the  following 
pathetic  letter  addressed  to  Lord  Burghley.  He  is  described  as  a  scholar 
and  man  of  gigantic  stature,  notwithstanding  which,  he  is  said  to  have 
"used  his  pen  more  readily  than  his  sword."  He  was  certainly  an  accom- 
plished letter-writer. 

1592.  June  17. 

"  Right  Hon.  my  most  humble  dutie  remembered.  Having  heeretofore 
divers  times  entreated  your  Hon.  LoP  to  be  a  meane  unto  Her  Ma1  that  I 
might  have  leve  to  go  into  my  countrey,  seeing  that  I  have  no  means  to 
maintain  myself  here,  and  perceevinge  by  Your  LoP  at  my  being  with  your 
Honor,  that  you  moved  Her  Ma'tie  therein,  whom  your  Lor  found  unwilling 
to  grant  it,  I  have  thereupon  caused  my  wife  not  to  trouble  Her  Ma'tie  any 
further  for  the  same,  and  willed  her  to  sue  for  some  maintenance  whereby 
myself  and  Shee  might,  until  Her  Ma'tie  granted  my  liberty  which  she  hath 
don,  still  since  my  being  with  your  LoP,  all  which  time  I  could  never  acquaint 
your  LoP  vv  ithal,  because  I  dare  not  go  before  your  LoP  or  anywhere  else  abroad 
for  fear  of  being  arested  for  myne  owne  and  my  wyfes  diet ;  and  for  as  much 
as  she  do  fynd  Her  Ma'tie  well  inclined  therunto,  and  that  Her  Highness 
doth  daily  promise  to  give  order  to  your  LoP  for  her,  I  am  therefore  most 
humblie  to  beseech  your  Hon.  LoP  to  move  Her  Ma'tie  now  for  me,  and  to  be 
a  mean  that  I  may  be  partly  releived  with  some  maintenance  whereby  myself 
and  my  wife  and  folkes  may  live  whyle  Her  Ma'tie  shall  think  good  to  kepe  me 
here,  beseeching  Your  LoP  not  to  move  Her  Ma'tie  for  my  liberty  to  go  into 
Ireland,  because  I  am  not  desirous  to  go  thither,  knowing  her  Ma'tie  to  be 
unwilling,  as  also  that  I  have  no  meanes  to  leave  my  wife  any  maintenance, 
who  is  great  with  child,  and  not  able  to  go  any  where,  thus  beseeching  your 
LoP  to  be  myndful  of  me  herein,  I  humbly  take  leave  this  16th  of  June  1592. 

Yr  LoPs  most  humble  to  command 

fflor  McCarthy." 

This  petition,  seconded  by  the  influence  of  Lord  Burghley,  was  graciously 
accepted  by  the  Queen,  and  both  suits  were  granted,  the  one  immediately  and 
the  other  without  any  unnecessary  delay.     Florence  did  not  receive  a  sum  of 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  383 

money  to  meet  his  pressing  needs,  but  what  was  for  the  time  of  equal  value, 
a  protection  against  arrest  for  debt. 

Florence  had  been  married  nearly  four  years  and  was  still  without  issue, 
and  an  announcement  to  Burghley  that  his  wife  was  pregnant  immediately 
reached  Ireland.  The  intelligence  of  his  early  return  with  the  Queen's  favour 
caused  the  greatest  consternation  among  those  who  were  anxiously  looking 
for  his  ruin,  and  the  expectation  and  hope  of  the  birth  of  a  son  to  inherit 
Carbery  from  his  father  and  Desmond  from  his  mother,  and  save  from  ex- 
tinction the  historic  designation  of  MacCarthy  Mor  stirred  the  hearts  of  the 
men  of  Munster  more  than  the  birth  of  a  royal  child  would  have  stirred  the 
feelings  of  Englishmen.  A  male  child  was  born,  and  as  soon  as  Lady  Ellen 
was  sufficiently  recovered  she  passed  into  Munster  with  the  young  heir.  The 
Bishop  of  Cork  and  Cloyne,  one  of  Florence's  adversaries,  immediately  wrote 
to  Sir  Geoffry  Fenton,  which  shews  the  manner  in  which  the  child  was  received 
by  his  father's  people  :  "  Heare  is  a  yonge  childe  of  Fynnynge  McChartyes, 
who  after  this  countrey  manner  is  used  amonge  the  people  as  a  yonge  Prince, 
caryed  abowt  the  contrey  with  three  nurses  and  six  horsemen,  when  he 
removeth  to  anie  place,  and  happie  is  he  who  can  have  him  to  foster  for  a 
month,  and  so  from  moneth  to  moneth  to  the  best  of  the  contrey  to  be 
fostred,  with  such  songes  of  rejoycinge  in  the  praise  of  his  father  Fynnynge 
and  the  yonge  Impe,  that  yt  weare  good  that  his  father  at  his  Comynge  over 
shold  be  looked  unto,  wch  wilbe  shortlie." 

This,  however,  is  a  long  story,  and  may  be  considered  a  digression,  though 
in  the  case  of  Florence  it  was  a  very  important  incident  in  Irish  history.  Mr. 
Hamilton  cites  various  documents  connected  with  it,  but  full  particulars  of 
great  interest  and  historic  value  are  given  in  "The  Life  and  Letters  of 
Florence  MacCarthy  Reagh.  Tanist  of  Carbery,  MacCarthy  Mor."  By  Daniel 
MacCarthy  Glas.    Published  1867. 

We  must  now  return  to  the  defeat  of  Maguire,  the  archtraitor,  as  he 
is  called,  at  the  ford  of  Cooloyne,  on  the  10th  of  October,  1593.  It  appears 
from  a  letter  of  the  Lord  Deputy  to  Burghley,  on  the  16th  of  the  following 
month,  that  Tyrone  had  entered  very  unwillingly  into  the  conflict  with 
Maguire  on  that  occasion,  and  had  made  an  urgent  effort  to  escape  from  it 
on  the  previous  day,  and  moreover  kept  his  men  sitting  on  their  horses  all 
night  close  to  Marshal  Bagenal's  camp,  which  the  Lord  Deputy  considered  a 
very  supicious  circumstance.  In  his  letter  he  encloses  (with  many  other 
documents)  a  Journal  he  had  received  of  Bagenal's  march  through  Fermanagh 
(Maguire's  country)  between  16th  Sept.  and  24th  Nov.,  which  contains  a 
daily  record  of  burning  and  destroying,  seizing  of  cows,  and  hanging  of  men  ; 
and  ten  days  later  we  read  (p.  192)  that  Sir  George  Bingham  had  sent  to  his 
brother,  Sir  Richard  Bingham,  Governor  of  Connaught,  from  The  Boyle  a 
horse  load  of  heads  of  Tumultagh  Bane,  Edmund  Duff,  and  thirty  knaves 
more.  It  goes  on  to  say  "  the  draught  was  by  a  man  from  whom  they  had 
taken  ten  cows  when  they  spoiled  William  M'Costello,  and  following  the 
villains  for  his  cows  could  get  none,  yet  they  going  to  the  north  to  Maguire 
and  0  Donnell,  he  staid  in  Terehale  till  they  returned,  and  now  Tumultagh 
Bane  having  his  friends  about  him  at  this  Christmas,  lacked  butter  ;  to 
supply  which  want  this  poor  man  promised  his  help  and  came  in  all  haste 
unto  me.  He  handled  the  matter  wonderfully  well,  for  the  place  is  12  miles 
from  the  Boyle,  and  my  cousin  Martenie  and  the  soldiers  behaved  themselves 
2    b2 


384  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Phblications. 

very  gallantly  and  painfully,  who  departed  about  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon, 
and  by  8  o'clock  had  dispatched  their  business." 
The  Boyle,  1593,  Dec.  17th. 

We  are  not  surprised  to  read  a  little  further  on  (p.  252)  that  "  the  whole 
of  Fermanagh  was  left  desolate,  and  the  people  fled.  The  richest  and  best 
of  the  county  are  fled  to  the  traitor,  who  is  very  strong." 

Whether  or  no  after  his  defeat  at  the  ford  of  Cooloyne  Maguire  took 
temporary  refuge  in  his  stronghold  of  Enniskillen  Castle  is  not  stated.  Capt. 
Dowdall,  who  had  distinguished  himself  in  the  fight  at  the  ford,  was  after- 
wards placed  in  charge  of  the  garrison  left  there,  and  of  the  whole  of  the 
force  against  Maguire.  He  laid  siege  to  the  Castle  of  Enniskillen,  and  after 
nine  days'  investment  took  it  by  assault  on  2nd  February,  1593-4,  and  was 
afterwards  knighted.  A  Mr.  James  Eccersall  was  appointed  constable,  and 
on  the  22nd  May  following  it  is  stated  that  on  the  17th  of  that  month 
Maguire,  the  Earl  of  Tyrone's  brother,  and  the  chief  est  men  of  Tyrone,  had 
had  come  with  a  large  force  and  had  closely  invested  the  castle.  A  sharp 
engagement  ensued  on  the  same  day  (250),  and  on  the  8th  June  he  prays 
he  may  be  relieved  in  good  time,  and  on  the  11th  he  complains  of  the 
wicked  practices  of  Maguire  against  the  castle  by  drafts,  ambushes,  and 
treacheries  (255).  Sir  William  Russell,  who  was  appointed  to  succeed  Sir 
William  Fitz  Williams,  who  had  resigned  on  account  of  ill-health,  arrived 
on  the  3rd  August,  and  at  once  complained  of  want  of  money,  and  delayed 
to  receive  the  sword  until  he  may  have  more  money  and  men,  as  the 
present  rebellion  requires,  saying  the  enemy  groweth  very  strong.  It  is 
thought  that  700  men  will  not  be  able  to  relieve  the  castle  of  Enniskillen. 
On  the  11th  he  received  the  sword,  and  on  the  19th  he  marched  to  the 
relief  of  Enniskillen  at  the  head  of  1000  foot  and  200  horse,  and  effected 
temporary  relief.  In  the  meanwhile  the  Earl  of  Tyrone  had  come  in  volun- 
tarily, making  all  kinds  of  professions  of  loyalty  and  promises,  to  cajole  the 
new  Deputy,  not  one  of  which  he  kept  Russell,  after  a  forced  and  difficult 
inarch  over  mountains  and  through  bogs,  arrived  at  Enniskillen  on  the  30th 
August.  On  the  15th  Jan.  1594-5,  the  Lord  Deputy  urges  upon  Burghley 
that  if  forces  be  not  sent  both  Enniskillen  and  the  north  will  be  lost.  Such 
is  the  strong  combination  of  the  Earl  of  Tyrone  that  there  is  not  any  dare 
shew  himself  a  dutiful  subject.  On  the  18th  May,  1595,  the  Lord  Deputy 
and  Council  report  that  Enniskillen  had  fallen,  but  not  without  suspicion  of 
treason  ;  that  the  constable  and  warders  had  come  out  with  bag  and  baggage, 
and  promise  of  life,  but  were  immediately  put  to  the  sword  by  the  traitors 
(317). 

On  the  23rd  June,  1595,  Tyrone,  O'Donnel,  O'Rourke,  Maguire  and  Mac- 
Maho'n  were  proclaimed  traitors,  and  from  this  date  the  northern  rebellion 
may  be  said  to  have  commenced.  On  9th  Sept.  of  the  same  year,  is  announced 
the  death  of  old  Sir  Turlough  Lynagh  O'Neill  (The  O  Neill),  father  of  the 
Earl,  and  that  the  Earl  had  become  The  O'Neill. 

Sir  William  Russell  had  asked  for  a  good  officer  to  help  him,  but  to  his 
great  disgust  the  Queen  sent  him  Sir  John  Norris,  as  General  of  Her 
Majesty's  Army,  with  almost  unlimited  authority.  This  naturally  produced 
an  ill-feeling  between  the  Lord  Deputy  and  himself,  and  increased  the 
jealousies  which  had  continuously  prevailed  among  the  chief  of  the  English 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  385 

officers  in  Ireland,  and,  coupled  with  the  extreme  parsimony  of  the  Queen, 
formed  the  bane  of  every  administration  in  Ireland  during  her  reign. 

The  disordered  condition  of  this  unhappy  country  continued,  and,  indeed, 
rather  increased,  a  series  of  skirmishes,  truces  broken  as  soon  as  made 
would  seem  to  have  continued  during  the  whole  period  covered  by  this 
volume,  but  we  mast  conclude  our  notice  of  this,  unhappily  the  last  of  Mr. 
Hamilton's  volumes,  with  the  hope  that  his  successor  may  possess  as  great  a 
knowledge  of  Irish  affairs  as  himself. 


IRELAND  UNDER  THE  TUDORS,  with  a  succinct  account  of  the  earlier 
History.  By  Richard  Bagwell,  M.A.,  in  3  volumes,  Vol.  III.  London  : 
Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  1890. 

{Second  Notice.) 
Ix  writing  our  notice  of  the  first  two  volumes  of  this  valuable  work  (ante 
Vol.  X. ,  p.  320 )  we  were  misled  by  the  title  pages  in  concluding  that  those 
volumes  concluded  Mr.  Bagwell's  work,  and  expressed  our  regret  that  he 
should  not  have  carried  his  history  down  to  the  end  of  the  Tudor  dynasty. 
We  were  glad,  therefore,  to  receive  this  third  bulky  volume,  of  still  greater 
interest,  in  continuation  of  the  two  former. 

Mr.  Bagwell  resumes  his  narrative  from  the  year  1579,  during  the 
interval  between  the  departure  of  Sir  Henry  Sidney,  Lord  Deputy,  and  the 
transfer  of  the  sword  to  Henry  Lord  Grey  of  Wilton. 

The  administration  was  first  temporarily  entrusted  to  Sir  William  Drury, 
in  whose  period  of  government  the  rebellion  of  James  Fitzmaurice  of  Des- 
mond broke  out. 

This  James  was  the  nephew  of  Gerald,  the  15th  Earl  of  Desmond,  being 
the  son  of  Maurice  Fitz  John,  a  younger  son  of  James  Fitz  John,  the  14th 
Earl.  He  was  a  man  of  very  high  character,  as  described  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Russell  in  his  "Relation  of  the  Fitzgeralds  of  Ireland,  written  in  1638," 
and  printed  in  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Historical  and  Archaeological 
Association  of  Ireland. 

Fitzmaurice  landed  at  the  Dingle,  in  Kerry,  on  the  17th  July,  1579,  as 
reported  by  the  Portreeve,  and  issued  two  proclamations  stating  very 
plausibly  what  were  his  objects.  The  Irish  government  hearing  of  his  dis- 
embarkation sent  one  Henry  Davels,  a  Devonshire  gentleman,  well  known 
and  highly  respected  in  Ireland,  and  then  Sheriff  of  Cork,  godfather  to  Sir 
John  of  Desmond,  to  warn  the  Earl  and  his  brothers,  and  endeavour  to  encour- 
age them  in  their  allegiance.  Their  mission  was  not  a  successful  one,  and 
the  messengers  on  their  return  towards  home  were  followed  by  the  Earl's 
two  brothers,  who  overtook  them  at  Tralee,  and  both  were  basely  and 
brutally  murdered  in  their  bed.  The  circumstances  are  too  well  known  to 
need  repetition  here.  Before  he  had  been  in  Ireland  quite  a  month  James 
Fitzmaurice  himself  %vas  slain  under  very  tragic  circumstances,  the  details  of 
which,  as  stated  by  Mr. Bagwell,  differ  considerably  from  those  related  in  1638 
by  Mr.  Russell,  but  agreeing  in  this  that  Fitzmaurice  in  a  brawl  with  Theobald 
Burke  and  his  brothers,  his  near  relations  (according  to  Mr.Bedwell)  the  sous 
of  Sir  William  Burke,  when  one  of  the  retainers  of  the  Burkes  shot  Fitz- 
maurice in  the  breast,  who  feeling  that  he  was  mortally  wounded  mu.de  a 
desperate  dash  forward,  killed  Theobald  Burke  and  one  of  his  bru.hars,  a  id 


386  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications. 

then  fell  and  breathed  his  last.  This  was  the  beginning  of  the  decay  of  the 
great  house  of  Desmond.  The  Queen  so  sympathized  with  the  deed  that 
she  created  Sir  William  Baron  of  Castle  Connell  immediately  afterwards. 
Sir  John  and  James  of  Desmond  received  Fitzmaurice  with  open  arms,  whilst 
the  Earl,  their  brother,  though  equally  well  disposed,  prudently  dissembled. 
Sir  John,  immediately  on  the  death  of  Fitzmaurice,  stepped  into  his  place  as 
leader  of  the  rebellion.  The  Earl  still  held  aloof,  and  even  went  so  far  as  to 
take  part  in  an  expedition  against  the  rebels.  But  the  time  soon  came  when 
he  could  dally  no  longer.  He  was  summoned  to  appear  before  the  Lord  Jus- 
tice to  answer  to  certain  charges  alleged  against  him,  and  was  told  to  lose  no 
time,  for  the  Lord  Justice  was  determined  not  to  be  idle.  A  certain  day 
was  given  to  him,  and  he  was  warned  that  his  proclamation  as  traitor  was 
ready,  and  in  case  of  his  default  would  be  published  ;  but  he  came  not.  A 
last  chance  was  given  him,  still  he  came  not ;  and  the  die  was  cast.  The 
fate  of  the  ancient  and  historic  house  of  Desmond  was  sealed. 

The  rigours  of  the  war  which  now  ensued  were  very  severe.  The  whole 
country  was  burned  and  wasted.  The  cows,  whose  milk  formed  the  chief 
support  of  the  natives,  were  stolen  and  slaughtered,  and  the  population, 
men,  women  and  children,  left  to  absolute  starvation,  or  put  to  the  sword,  a 
cruelty  perhaps  more  revolting,  but  not  more  cruel  than  starvation,  and  that 
these  acts  should  be  perpetrated  under  the  direction  of  cultured  English 
gentlemen  makes  one  blush  for  shame. 

Sir  William  Drury,  already  in  feeble  health,  was  quite  worn  out  by  the 
strain  upon  him,  and  was  obliged  to  resign  his  office,  and  died  at  Waterford 
on  30th  Sept.  1579.  He  was  succeeded  by  Sir  William  Pelham  as  Lord 
Justice,  with  the  Earl  of  Ormonde  as  Lord  General.  These  two  met  at 
Rathkeale  and  commenced  a  work  of  destruction.  "  The  Earl  "  Mr.  Bagwell 
says,  "  took  the  Shannon  side  and  the  Lord  Justice  kept  inland,  spoiling  the 
country  far  and  wide,  and  meeting  no  enemy.  According  to  the  Four  Masters, 
they  killed  blind  and  feeble  men,  women,  boys  and  girls,  sick  people,  idiots 
and  old  people.  Four  hundred  were  killed  in  the  woods  on  the  first  day, 
and  everything  that  would  burn  was  burned,"  The  fate  of  a  castle  belonging 
to  Ulick  Burke  is  thus  concisely  described  :  "I  put  the  band,  both  men, 
women  and  children  to  the  sword."  Maltby  was  playing  the  same  game  in 
in  Connaught.  It  is  said  that  Richard  Burke,  called  Richard  in  Iron,  finding 
that  Maltby  was  too  strong  for  him  said  he  was  ready  to  submit.  His  castle 
was  on  one  of  the  islands  in  Clew  Bay.  Maltby  sent  to  Achill  for  boats,  but 
the  weather  was  so  bad  that  he  could  not  reach  the  island  for  a  week.  In 
the  meantime  more  than  100  of  Richard's  followers  had  died  of  starvation. 

It  is  only  just  to  the  Queen  to  say  she  was  greatly  displeased  at  these 
atrocities.  Pelham's  commission  was  revoked  on  the  loth  July,  1. 580,  and 
Arthur  Lord  Grey,  of  Wilton,  K.G.,  was  appointed  to  succeed  him  as  Lord 
Deputy  ;  but  in  the  interval  between  the  sealing  of  the  Patent  and  his 
arrival  in  Ireland,  Pelham  determined  to  make  the  best  of  his  time  in  carry- 
ing out  his  policy.  There  seemed  about  this  time  a  disposition  among  some 
of  the  leaders  of  the  rebellion  to  make  their  submission,  but  it  was  required 
of  all  important  persons  sueing  for  mercy  that  they  must  first  imbrue  their 
hands  in  some  better  blood  than  their  own.  Among  others,  Sir  John  of 
Desmond  sought  to  confer  with  Sir  Warham  St.  Leger,  and  was  told  he  could 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  3S7 

have  his  own  life  by  giving  up  his  eldest  brother,  the  Earl,  Dr.  Sanders, 
and  the  Seneschal  of  Immokilly.  The  most  important  event,  however,  which 
marked  the  remainder  of  Pelham's  administration  was  the  capture  and 
execution  of  Sir  James  of  Desmond.  He  was  wounded  in  a  skirmish  and 
taken,  and  carried  to  Cork,  where  he  was  tried  and  condemned,  and  hanged 
drawn  and  quartered,  having  in  vain  begged  for  summary  decapitation  to 
avoid  a  public  trial. 

Lord  Grey  arrived  on  the  12th  August,  1580,  and  was  sworn  on  the  7th 
September  following.  He  was  instructed  by  the  Queen  to  deal  severely  with 
"  notorious  transgressors  of  the  law."  On  the  other  hand  the  Queen  said, 
"  she  was  anxious  to  have  it  known  that  she  did  not  wish  to  extirpate  the 
inhabitants  of  Ireland,  as  it  had  been  falsely  maliciously  reported.  Outrages 
committed  by  soldiers  were  to  be  severely  punished,  and  officers  of  high  rank 
were  not  to  be  exempt." 

Grey,  on  his  arrival,  found  the  country  in  frightful  disorder.  Pelham, 
before  leaving  Minister  for  Dublin,  had  placed  the  army  under  the  command 
of  Sir  George  Bouchier,who  immediately  entered  Kerry  with  600  or  700  men, 
and  with  the  help  of  Lord  Fitzmaurine  began  to  devastate  the  country  still 
further.  He  said  his  commission  was  to  burn  their  corn,  spoil  their  harvest, 
and  kill  and  drive  their  cattle  ;  but  Winter  prevailed  upon  him  to  spare 
them  on  the  condition  of  their  maintaining  a  garrison  of  200  foot  and  30 
horse  at  Tralee,  and  give  hostages  for  their  good  behaviour,  otherwise  Sir 
George  would  execute  his  commission  strictly.  (68) 

Winter  now  left,  and  within  a  few  days  a  body  of  Spaniards  landed  at 
Smerwick.  We  cannot  enter  into  details  which  are  pretty  well  known. 
Eventually  the  Spaniards  surrendered,  unconditionally,  and  600  men  were 
slain  in  cold  blood,  Walter  Raleigh  being  one  of  the  Captains  on  duty  that 
superintended  the  butchery. 

The  administration  of  Lord  Grey  was  very  unsatisfactory  to  the  Queen, 
and  she  summoned  him  to  London  on  the  14th  July,  15S2,  to  confer  with 
her  on  the  affairs  of  Ireland,  at  the  same  time  expressing  an  intention  of 
sending  him  back  again,  which  she  never  did,  and  Archbishop  Loftus  and 
Sir  Henry  Wallop,  Lords  Justices,  were  appointed  to  act  in  his  absence. 
Grey  was  called  the  friend  and  hero  of  Spenser,  nevertheless,  Spenser  des- 
cribes him  as  a  "bloody  man  who  regarded  not  the  life  of  Her  Majesty's 
subjects  no  more  than  dogs,  but  had  wasted  and  consumed  all,  so  as  now  she 
hath  nothing  almost  left  but  to  reign  in  their  ashes,"  and  still  more  harrow- 
ing details.  St.  Leger  states  that  "nine-tenths  of  the  men  had  succumbed 
to  the  sword,  the  halter,  or  the  pestilence."  One  circumstance  of  note,  which, 
if  proper  advantage  of  it  had  been  taken,  might  have  been  of  great  benefit 
to  the  country — the  death  of  Sir  John  of  Desmond,  who  was  accidentally 
found  almost  alone  and  without  defensive  armour,  and  slain  on  the  spot. 
He  was  the  life  and  soul  of  the  rebellion,  and  if  this  blow,  Mr.  Bagwell 
thinks,  had  been  promptly  followed  up,  all  would  soon  have  been  over.  But 
the  Queen  "  thereupon  "  ordered  the  discharge  of  700  men. 

Loftus  and  Wallop  were  more  successful  in  their  administration  than 
Grey  had  been.  They  were  fortunate,  in  being  able  to  quell  the  Minister 
rebellion.  Most  of  the  principal  Irish  chieftains  came  in  to  Ormonde  at 
Cork  and  made  their  submission  on  10th  July,  1.380,  giving  pledges  for  their 
future  loyalty,  and  in  the  mouth  of  November  following  the  Earl  of  Desmond 


3S8  Notices  of  Recent  Akch.eological  Publications. 

fell  into  the  hands  of  the  O'Moriarties  by  a  surprise  at  night.  He  was  taken 
from  his  bed,  half  asleep,  and  fearing  a  rescue  they  cut  off  his  head  on  the 
spot.  Thus  fell  the  last  of  the  great  and  powerful  Earls  of  Desmond.  He 
was  afterwards  attainted  and  000,000  acres  of  land  were  forfeited  to  the 
crown.  The  death  of  the  Earl,  the  particulars  of  which  are  fully  given  by 
Mr.  Bagwell,  was  the  last  event  of  importance  during  the  administration  of 
the  Lords  Justices. 

Sir  John  Perrott  was  appointed  to  succeed  Lord  Grey,  by  Patent  dated 
7th  January,  15S3-4.  He  arrived  in  Dublin,  9th  June,  and  was  sworn  on  the 
21st  of  the  same  month.  He  was  a  man  of  an  irascible  temperament,  but  in 
his  speech  on  his  installation  he  gave  great  satisfaction  to  the  Irish.  He  said 
that  the  Queen  held  her  subjects  of  Ireland  equal  to  those  of  England,  and 
that  her  care,  as  well  as  his  own,  was  to  make  them  equally  happy  by  means 
of  good  government.  He  also  remarked  that  he  wished  to  suppress  "  the 
name  of  a  churl  and  crushing  of  churl,"  and  to  substitute  such  terms,  as 
husbandman,  franklin,  and  yeoman.  But  he  gave  great  offence  next  day  by 
not  treating  the  English  officers  and  members  of  the  council  with,  as  they 
thought,  proper  respect.  This  was  especially  felt  by  Archbishop  Loftus  and 
Vice  Treasurer  Wallop,  who  in  place  stood  next  to  the  Deputy,  and  who  had 
virtually  exercised  the  government  for  the  last  two  years. 

Although  it  was  said  that  Minister  was  completely  cowed,  Sir  William 
Stanley,  who  governed  the  province  during  Sir  John  Norris's  absence  in  the 
north,  found  pretences  for  300  executions.  This  he  alleged  "  terrified  them 
so  that  a  man  now  may  travel  the  whole  country  and  none  to  molest  him." 
The  President,  on  his  return,  declared  the  country  was  a  waste  and  depopu- 
late. Even  malefactors  were  scarce,  and  there  was  no  chance  of  re-settling 
the  province  but  by  importing  people." 

We  have  alluded  above  to  Sir  John  Perrott's  inaugural  address  as  Lord 
Deputy,  and,  we  believe,  he  honestly  endeavoured  to  carry  out  his  promises. 
This  was  recognised  by  the  Irish,  and  he  became  popular  with  all  classes  of 
that  people,  and  they  placed  confidence  in  him,  to  which,  probably  his  fine 
presence,  dignified  manner,  open  bearing  and,  substantially,  fair-dealing, 
doutblessly  contributed.  He  succeeded  in  achieving  a  task  which  Sidney 
attempted  without  success.  He  induced  one-third  of  the  chieftains  and 
others  of  Connaught  to  be  willing  to  surrender  their  lands  to  the  Queen,  to 
receive  them  back  again  by  Letters  Patent  at  fixed  rents.  The  plan  of  the 
composition  was  a  good  one,  but  it  was  not  generally  accepted,  and  even- 
tually it  fell  through.  With  his  council  and  his  English  officials  he  could 
not  succeed.  He  suffered  much  in  health,  and  the  climate  did  not  suit  him, 
and,  doubtless,  he  was  oftentimes  rude  and  overbearing,  but  he  was  honest 
in  all  his  intentions.  It  was  manifest,  however,  that  good  government 
under  these  conditions  was  impossible. 

Soon  after  Perrott's  arrival  he  heard  of  an  irruption  of  Scots  into  Ulster, 
and  he  hastened  to  meet  them,  but,  to  his  great  disappointment,  on  his 
arrival  there,  he  found  they  were  all  gone,  Elizabeth  was  much  displeased, 
and  wrote  to  him  a  severe  letter  on  the  subject.  The  Scots  next  invaded 
Connaught,  but  Bingham  made  a  gallant  forced  march  at  night,  surprised 
and  charged  them  before  they  were  aware  of  his  presence.  The  enemy  fled 
at  once,  and  the  slaughter  was  terrible.     "  I  was  never,"  Capt.  Woodhouse 


Notices  of  Recent  Akch.eological  Publications.  389 

said,  "  so  weary  with  killing  of  men,  for  I  protest  to  God,  for  as  fast  as  I 
could  I  did  but  hough  and  paunch  them.     In  an  hour  it  was  all  over." 

Perrott  had  been  long  desirous  to  be  relieved  of  his  charge.  His  recall, 
however,  it  is  apprehended,  was  due  rather  to  the  acts  of  his  enemies  than  in 
deference  to  his  wishes.  All  he  requested,  however,  was  that  Sir  William 
Fitz  Williams,  who  was  appointed  to  succeed  him,  might  come  at  once,  but 
he  came  not  for  six  months.  Mr.  Bagwell  writes  :  "  when  at  last  the  time 
arrived  for  delivering  the  sword  to  his  successor,  he  presented  to  the  Cor- 
poration of  Dublin  a  silver  gilt  bowl  with  his  arms  and  crest  and  the  words 
relinquo  in  pace  "  thereon,  and  he  left  the  country  in  perfect  peace.  He  said 
to  the  new  Deputy  :  "  There  is  no  ill-minded  or  suspected  person  in  this 
kingdom,  which  can  carry  but  six  swords  after  him  into  the  field,  but  if  you 
will  name  him  and  shall  desire  to  have  him,  notwithstanding  that  I  have 
resigned  the  sword,  yet  ....  if  they  come  not  on  my  word,  I  will  lose  the 
merit  and  reputation  of  all  my  service,"  Fitzwilliams  replied  that  it  needed 
it  not,  for  all  was  well. 

Three  days  later  Perrott  left  Ireland  for  ever.  "A  great  number  of  noble- 
men and  gentlemen  came  to  see  him  off,  among  whom  old  Tirlogh  Luinleach 
was  conspicuous.  That  representative  of  an  order  that  had  almost  passed 
away  accompanied  him  to  the  ship,  and  would  not  put  off  until  the  last 
moment.  He  watched  the  retreating  sail  until  it  was  below  the  horizon,  and 
then  shed  tears  '  as  if  he  had  been  beaten.'  Nor  was  it  only  lords  and  chiefs 
who  mourned  for  Perrott.  The  poor  came  forty  miles  to  see  him  pass,  pray- 
ing for  his  long  life  and  striving  to  take  his  hand  if  possible,  or  to  touch  the 
hem  of  his  garment.  When  he  asked  them  why  they  did  so,  they  answered, 
'  That  they  had  never  enjoyed  their  own  with  peace  before  his  time  and  did 
doubt  that  they  never  should  do  so  again  when  he  was  gone.'  "  Perrott  pro- 
ceeded direct  to  his  home  at  Carew  Castle,  Pembrokeshire. 

We  must  add  a  few  lines  as  to  the  fate  of  Perrott,  whose  enemies  followed 
him  to  England  with  false  accusations  of  treason,  producing  a  letter,  alleged 
to  have  been  written  by  him  offering  the  Crown  of  England  to  Philip  of 
Spain  on  condition  of  being  made  hereditary  Prince  of  Wales.  The  letter 
was  shewn  to  have  been  forged  by  one  Charles  Trevor  and  one  Dennis 
Roughan,  both  of  bad  character,  the  former  a  convicted  perjurer  and  the  lat- 
ter a  renegade  priest,  whom  Perrott  had  imprisoned.  Perrott  was  brought 
to  trial  for  high  treason  upon  this  evidence.  He  would  not  condescend  to 
employ  lawyers  to  defend  him.  "  On  one  side,"  writes  Mr.  Bagwell,  "were 
Popham,  Egerton  and  Puckering,  (eminent  lawyers),  and  on  the  other  a  rough 
old  Knight,  conscious  of  many  rash  speeches  but  strong  in  the  confidence 
which  innocence  gives,  and  renouncing  the  merits  and  mercy  of  his  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ  if  he  was  really  guilty.  He  was  supposed  to  be  the  illegitimate 
son  of  King  Hen.  VIII. ,  whom  he  much  resembled  in  person,  voice  and  man- 
ners. He  could  do  little  but  protest  that  he  was  innocent  and  that  Roughan 
and  Williams  (witnesses  against  him)  were  perjured  scoundrels.  He  was 
declared  guilty,  and  Naunton  says  that  on  his  return  to  the  Tower  after  his 
trial,  he  said,  in  oaths  and  fury,  to  the  Lieutenant,  Sir  Owen  Hopton — 
"What,  will  the  Queen  suffer  her  brother  to  be  offered  up  as  a  sacrifice  to 
my  frisking  adversaries,"  The  Queen,  when  told  of  his  speech  to  Hopton 
and  the  warrant  for  his  execution  was  presented  to  her  for  signature,  refused 


390  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications. 

to  sign  it,  and  swore  by  Goi>\s  death  he  should  not  die,  that  they  were  all 
knaves,  and  that  he  was  a  honest  and  faithful  man. 

This  brings  down  the  history  of  Ireland  to  the  end  of  the  first  great 
rebellion  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign,  and  we  must  here  stay  our  hand,  for  we 
have  greatly  over-run  our  space,  but  we  hope  to  return  to  this  interesting 
volume  later  on. 


HALLEN'S  LONDON  CITY  CHURCH  REGISTERS— St.  Botolph, 
Bishopsgate,  1558-1753.  Transcribed  by  A.W.  Cornelius  Hallem,  M.A., 
Aloa,  N.B.,  1890. 

Since  our  last  notice  of  these  valuable  Registers  (Vol.  XIII. p. 409)  Mr.  Hallen 
continues  to  make  steady  progress.  Vol.  I.  with  Title-page  and  Index,  has 
now  been  completed  and  issued  to  the  subscribers,  and  to  the  Index  has  been 
added  a  short  Appendix  containing  certain  names  which,  by  some  accident, 
were  overlooked  in  arranging  the  slips.  For  this  Mr.  Hallen  apologises, 
saying  the  labour  in  issuing  this  series  single  handed  is  very  severe,  and 
expresses  a  hope  that  as  the  value  of  the  transcripts  become  better  known, 
and  subscribers  increase,  he  may  be  able  to  put  the  Index  into  professional 
hands,  and  thus  avoid  the  blemishes  to  be  found  in  this  volume,  some  of 
which  he  has  corrected,  and  further  additions  and  corrections  will  be  found 
in  Vol.  II. 

In  our  last  notice  we  stated  that  of  Vol.  II.  440  pages  had  then  been 
printed,  and  at  the  present  time  the  printing  of  the  text  has  been  extended 
to  632  pages,  and  the  Index  to  that  volume  has  been  worked  oft'  as  far  as 
GRA  of  the  alphabet ;  and  the  printing  of  Vol.  III.  has  been  commenced, 
and  208  pages  worked  off,  bringing  down  the  Baptisms  to  1667. 

We  have  only  to  add  that  the  Editorial  care  and  the  beauty  of  the  letter- 
press continues  as  perfect  as  at  first. 


THE  ANTIQUARY.— A  Magazine  devoted  to  the  Study  of  the  Past. 
Vol.  XXL,  January  to  June,  1890.  London  :  Elliot  Stock,  1890. 
The  "Antiquary"  has  always  been  remarkably  well  conducted,  but  we 
must  confess  that  under  the  care  of  the  new  Editor  it  has  improved,  at  least 
we  consider  the  volume  before  us  exceptionally  good.  The  Papers,  generally, 
are  so  interesting  it  is  difficult,  and  may  perhaps  be  thought  invidious,  to 
select  any  for  special  remark  ;  nevertheless,  there  are  a  few  to  which  we 
should  like  to  invite  attention.  Among  these  we  would  mention  the  late  Mr. 
H.  H.  Lines's  treatise  "On Roman  Castrametation,"  who  gave  twenty  years 
study  to  the  subject  on  which  he  wrote.  It  has  not  been  before  published, 
and  has  been  obtained  for  the  "  Antiquary  "  through  the  kindness  of  Mr. 
Morris  C.  Jones,  F.S.A.,  the  well-known  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Powis-land 
Club.     The  Paper  will  repay  careful  and  studious  reading. 

The  "  Notes  on  the  late  Tudor  Exhibition,"  by  the  Hon.  Harold  Dillon, 
F.S.A.,  and  Secretary  to  the  Society,  are  well  deserving  special  attention. 
Mr.  Dillon's  remarks  on  "  The  Armoury  of  Henry  VIII.  and  on  the  Portraits 
in  the  Exhibition  "  are  of  much  interest,  and  his  pertinent  enquiry  as  to 
what  has  become  cf  all  the  splendid  jewelry  which  bedeck  the  Royal  and 
Noble  portraits  is  not  easily  answered.     A  treatise  on  the  ' '  Armour  and 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  391 

Arms  at  the  Tudor  Exhibition,"  by  the  Baron  de  Cosson,  F.S.A.,  F.R.G.S., 
should  not  be  passed  by,  as  the  Baron  is  the  highest  authority  we  have,  or 
perhaps  in  Europe,  on  the  subject.  Whilst  praising  the  magnificence  of  the 
collection,  as  far  as  it  goes,  he  laments  the  loss  of  much  which  must  have 
existed  during  the  Tudor  period.  He  says  that  "  a  glance  around  the  room 
will  shew  that  English  gentlemen  of  that  time  were  not  behind  their  foreign 
brethren  in  their  appreciation  of  richly-wrought  helmet,  breast-plate,  sword 
or  dagger,"  and  he  continues  :  "  Fine  as  the  assemblage  of  the  arms  and 
armour  at  the  New  Gallery  is,  it  cannot  represent  a  tithe  of  all  the  varied 
forms  of  arms  of  offence  and  defence  devised  by  the  active  ingenuity  of  the 
craftsmen  of  those  times,  nor  of  the  wealth  of  artistic  invention  lavished  on 
them  by  men  who  were  in  every  sense  of  the  term  artists."  He  then  proceeds 
to  comment  on  the  historical  pieces  hi  chronological  order. 

The  Baron  supplies  another  Paper  which  merits  notice  "  On  a  Collection 
of  Sporting  Weapons  at  the  Grosvenor  Gallery,"  brought  together  mainly 
through  the  energy  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Spiller,  the  Hon.  Secretary  of  "that 
armour-loving  fraternity  known  as  the  Kernoozers  Club."  This  is  very 
curious  as  shewing  the  origin  and  growth  of  sporting  weapons  as  compared 
with  their  present  perfection. 

A  series  of  Papers  entitled  "The  Conference"  is  commenced  in  this 
volume,  and  is  of  great  interest.  The  first  treats  of  "Marking  of  Ecclesi- 
astical Altar  Stones,"  in  which  various  writers  take  part.  In  the  next 
Conference  the  vexed  question  of  the  "  Low  Side  Windows  "  is  discussed, 
and  also  illustrated  ;  the  writers  describe  many  examples  found  in  various 
places,  but  any  decision  on  the  purpose  of  the  construction  and  use  of  these 
remarkable  windows  would  seem  to  be  as  distant  as  ever.  There  is  another 
discussion  on  the  "Preservation  of  Local  Records."  We  think  there  are 
many  strong  objections  to  the  removal  of  Local  Records  from  the  locality  to 
which  they  specially  relate.  It  would,  we  think,  be  better  to  appoint 
some  properly  qualified  gentleman  in  each  county  as  conservator  of  the 
records  of  the  county,  who  should  be  held  responsible  for  their  safe  keeping, 
and  be  authorised  to  make  annual  circuits  of  inspection  at  the  charge  of  the 
county.  There  are  various  other  Papers  which  merit  special  attention,  e.y.  a 
series  of  articles  "On  Holy  Wells,  their  Legends  and  Superstitions,"  arranged 
alphabetically  under  counties,  by  Mr.  R.  C.  Hope,  F.S.A. ;  "On  Mediaeval 
Tiles  in  the  Priory  Church  of  Great  Malvern,  and  on  the  Chase  and  Manor," 
by  the  Rev.  Alfred  S.  Porter,  M. A.,  F.S.A. ;  "  On  the  Manor  House  of  South 
Wraxall,"  and  there  are  others  we  would  fain  mention  did  space  permit. 


CHURCH  PLATE  IN  KENT.  By  the  Rev.  W.  A.  Scott  Robertson,  M.A., 
Honorary  Canon  of  Canterbury,  and  Vicar  of  Throwley.  Part  II.  Parochial 
Inventories.     London  :  Mitchell  &  Hughes,  Wardour  Street,  W. 

We  gladly  welcome  another  fasciculus  of  Canon  Scott  Robertson's  "Church 
Plate  of  Kent."  This  Part  contains  the  "  Parochial  Inventories,"  the 
parishes  being  alphabetically  arranged,  and  extending  from  Acrise  to  Can- 
terbury Cathedral.  The  description  of  the  Plate  is  given  in  great  detail, 
and  in  the  case  of  Donors  the  Author  has  given  some  biographical  and 
genealogical  account  of  them,  together  with  the  blazon  of  any  Arms  which 
may  be  engraven  on  the  pieces.     He  seems  to  have  obtained  the  co-operation 


392  Notices  of  Recest  Archaeological  Publications. 

of  the  parochial  clergy  and  churchwardens,  whose  valuable  assistance  he 
cordially  acknowledges.  The  Kentish  clergy  seem  to  possess  an  unusual 
knowledge  of  the  specialities  of  Old  Plate. 

No  piece  of  mediaeval  date  is  noticed.  There  are  several  unusually 
Early  Elizabethan  Cups,  ranging  from  1562  to  1564,  mentioned.  They  seem 
to  possess  some  of  the  characteristics  of  the  well-known  types  so  widely 
brought  into  use  some  eight  or  ten  years  later,  but  differ  in  details. 

Two  or  three  remarkable  pieces  are  brought  under  notice  and  illustrated  : 
e.g.  at  Bonnington  is  a  porringer,  which  is  used  as  a  Chalice.  No  date 
letter  can  be  traced,  but  it  bears  the  trade  mark  of  Thomas  Whipham  and 
Charles  Wright,  well-known  silversmiths,  which  fixes  the  date  from  1757  to 
1759.  At  Bredgar  is  a  handsome  repousse"  dish,  used  as  a  Paten,  for  which 
use  it  is  wholly  unsuitable,  or  indeed  for  any  other  ecclesiastical  purpose. 
It  is  8^  inches  in  diameter,  and  was  made  in  1631-2.  It  was  presented  to 
the  Church  by  Mrs.  Margaret  Aldersey,  of  Swanton  Court,  who  gave  a 
similar,  though  smaller,  dish  to  the  Church  of  Bicknor,  and  it  is  said  there 
are  two  or  three  belonging  to  other  Kentish  Churches.  The  dish  is  suitable 
for  sweetmeats  or  other  dessert  condiments,  and  were  it  not  that  the  pieces 
vary  in  date  a  few  years,  we  should  be  disposed  to  suggest  that  Mrs. 
Aldersey  had  divided  her  dessert  service  between  some  of  the  Churches  in 
which  she  was  interested. 

NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 
Gloucestershire  Notes  and  Queries.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  Beaver  H. 
Blacker,  M.A.  London  :  Simpkin,  Marshall,  Hamilton,  Kent  &  Co.,  1890. 
Part  XLVIII,  just  issued,  completes  the  5th  volume  of  the  Gloucestershire 
Notes  and  Queries,  save  the  Index,  which,  we  presume,  will  follow.  The 
work  still  maintains  its  position  as  among  the  best  of  this  class  of  publi- 
cations, now,  we  are  glad  to  say,  so  growing  in  popularity  that  there  are 
few  counties  without  its  representative.  The  bulky  volume  now  before  us 
extends  to  nearly  700  pages,  exclusive  of  Notices  of  Books  and  the  Index. 
We  are  sorry,  however,  to  notice  that  the  Editor  has  cause  to  complain  that 
he  does  not  receive  that  support,  either  by  literary  contributions  or  sub- 
scriptions, which  is  necessary  for  the  satisfactory  conduct  of  the  work.  He 
announces  that  in  the  future  volumes  some  slight  changes  will  be  made 
which  will  tend  to  the  increased  value,  and  will  improve  the  appearance,  of 
the  work.  We  think,  however,  that,  in  appearance,  it  is  already  all  that 
can  be  desired  in  a  work  of  the  kind. 

There  are  many  notes  in  the  present  volume  of  considerable  interest  and 
value.  First  among  them  we  will  mention  a  series  of  Extracts  from  the 
Close  Rolls  of  the  time  of  Henry  III.  relating  to  Gloucestershire,  which 
contain  many  entries  of  interest.  A  list  of  fifty-six  of  the  Largest  Churches 
in  England,  among  which  are  four  in  this  county  :  viz.,  Gloucester  Cathedral, 
Tewkesbury  Abbey,  Bristol  Cathedral,  and  St.  Mary  Redcliffe  Church, 
Bristol,  which,  in  regard  to  proportions,  stand  in  the  list  as  the  16th,  22nd, 
26th  and  40th.  The  part  is  rich  in  monumental  inscriptions.  They  are  given 
from  the  churches  of  Stonehouse,  Brimscombe,  Filton,  King's  Stanley,  Rod- 
borough,  Randwick,  St.  Werburgh  (Bristol),  Brockworth,  St.  George's 
(Brandon  Hill,  Bristol),  Cheltenham,  Cromhall,  and  Christ  Church  (Bristol)  ; 
and  Extracts  from  the  Parish  Registers  of  Maismore,  and  Rockhampton  Par- 
ish Accounts  all  of  which  are  valuable  for  Genealogical  purposes.    We  should 


Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications.  393 

also  mention  some  very  interesting  Letters  of  Alexander  Pope,  giving  a  par- 
ticular description  of  Bristol  in  1739.    It  would  be  easy  to  cite  many  others. 


Notes  and  Queries  for  Somerset  and  Dorset,  Parts  VII.  to  XI.  Edited 
by  Hugh  Morris,  South  Petherton  (Local  Secretary  for  Somerset  to  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London),  and  Charles  Herbert  Mayo,  M.A. 
(Vicar  of  Long  Burton  with  Holnest,  and  Rural  Dean,  author  of  Bibliotheca 
Dorsetiensis).    Sherborne  :  Printed  by  J.  C.  Sawtell. 

The  first  volume  of  this  serial,  the  first  six  Parts  of  which  we  noticed  in  our 
last  volume,  was  completed  with  the  eighth  Part  at  the  close  of  1889  ;  and 
the  portion  we  now  notice  includes  two  Parts,  containing  120  pages  of 
Volume  II.  The  Papers  now  given  are  equal  in  interest  to  those  we  have 
already  noticed.  Part  VII.  opens  with  a  Court  Roll  of  the  Abbey  of 
Shaftesbury,  dated  in  the  32nd  Henry  VI.  (1453).  We  find  also  a  series 
of  Papers  on  the  Genealogy  of  Strode,  of  Shepton  Mallet,  accompanied 
by  a  pedigree  contributed  by  Mr.  G.  Milner-Gibson-Cullam,  F.S.A.,  of 
Hardwick  House,  Suffolk,  shewing  its  connection  with  the  Cullums,  of  Ealing, 
and  in  connection  with  this  is  a  note  on  John  Strode,  of  Knighton 
or  Ryme.  There  is  also  a  memoir  of  Hugh  Speke,  son  of  George  Speke,  of 
White  Lackington,  Som. ,  shewing  the  secret  history  of  the  Revolution  of 
1688,  continued  from  Volume  I.  and  concluded.  Mr.  J.  E.  Nightingale, 
of  Wilton,  contributes  a  Grant  of  Arms  made  in  1546,  by  Christopher 
Barker,  Garter,  to  John  Skutt,  of  Strawton,  Somerset,  an  ancestor  of  the 
Earls  of  Shaftesbury,  by  whom  the  arms  thus  granted  are  quartered. 
Mr.  Nightingale  remarks  from  Anstis's  Coll.  of  Heraldry,  that  Grants  of 
Arms  were  made  at  this  time  for  a  consideration,  by  order  of  Charles 
Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk,  Earl  Marshal,  the  rates  varying  from  £6  13s.  4d. 
to  £5,  but  the  difference  in  the  value  of  money  must  be  remembered.  We 
observe  also  an  interesting  memoir  of  the  Family  of  Daubeney  in  connection 
with  the  Memorial  Brass  of  Sir  Giles  Daubeney  and  Joan  Darcy,  his  second 
wife,  in  South  Petherton  Church.  In  the  Parts  before  us  a  discussion  is 
raised  on  the  subject  of  ancient  Terrace  Cultivation,  which  is  considered  by 
Mr.  Lawrence  Gomme  to  be,  probably,  remains  of  Iberic  or  non-Aryan 
races  of  Britain.  Mr.  G.  S.  Fry  contributes  a  series  of  Papers  on  Dorset 
Administrations  of  Estates  of  Intestates,  extracted  from  the  records  of  the 
Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury,  now  at  Somerset  House — a  most  useful 
list.  Mr.  H.  A.  Helyar,  of  Coker  Court,  and  of  Her  Majesty's  Diplomatic 
Service,  contributes  two  valuable  historical  letters  of  Mr.  Edward  Phelips, 
of  Pylle,  Somerset,  addressed  to  Mr.  H.  A.  Helyar's  ancestor,  Col.  Helyar, 
of  East  Coker,  illustrating  the  Sedgmoor  campaign  against  the  Duke  of 
Monmouth.  Mr.  Arthur  A.  Jewers  furnishes  two  lists  of  Commonwealth 
Marriages  in  Somerset,  a  large  number  of  which  are  not  recorded  in  the 
Parish  Registers.  Many  of  the  Papers,  in  addition  to  those  we  have  cited, 
are  well  worthy  of  notice.  

The  Scottish  Antiquary,  or  Northern  Notes  and  Queries,  Vol.  V.  Edited 
by  the  Rev.  A.  W.  Cornelius  Hallen,  M.A.,  F.S.A.  {Scot.) 
Since  our  last  notice  of  "  Northern  Notes  and  Queries  "  (Vol.  XIII.,  p.  413) 
the  title  of  this  periodical  has  been  changed  from  ' '  The  Northern  Notes  and 
Queries  &  Scottish  Antiquary  "  to  "  The  Scottish  Antiquary  and  Northern 


394  Notices  of  Recent  Archaeological  Publications. 

Notes  and  Queries,"  and  Mr.  David  Douglas  is  no  longer  the  publisher.  It 
is  still  under  the  skilful  Editorship  of  Mr.  Hallen,  so  we  apprehend  no 
change  will  arise  in  the  conduct  of  the  work.  The  articles  commenced  under 
the  former  title  are  continued. 

The  new  volume  commences  with  the  genealogy  of  the  Stewarts  of 
Rosyth  and  Craigyhall,  in  the  counties  of  Fife  and  Linlithgow,  respectively, 
descended  from  Sir  John  Stewart,  of  Bonkye,  a  younger  son  of  Alexander, 
the  fourth  High  Steward  of  Scotland.  This  is  almost  immediately  followed 
by  a  most  interesting  letter  from  the  Prince,  commonly  known  in  England 
as  the  "  Old  Pretender,"  the  son  and  heir  of  James  II.  of  England  and  VI. 
of  Scotland.  The  history  of  the  Ross  Family  is  continued  from  the  last 
volume.  An  interesting  document  is  given,  being  a  list  of  the  noblemen, 
gentlemen  and  others  who  were  attainted  of  High  Treason  after  the  '45. 
There  is  also  an  article  on  Orkney  Folk  lore,  and  there  are  interesting  Notes 
and  Replies  to  Queries.  

Cymru  Fu. — Notes  and  Queries  relating  to  the  past  history  of  Wales  and  the 
Border  Counties,  Vol.  II.,  Parts  5  and  6.  Edited  by  George  H.  Brierley. 
These  two  Half-yearly  Parts  of  "  Cymru  Fu  "  have  been  issued  since  our 
last  notice,  and  they  sustain  the  favourable  opinion  of  the  periodical  ex- 
pressed in  the  notice  alluded  to.  Among  the  valuable  contributions  now 
printed  we  may  mention  :  "  An  attempt  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Green  to  define  the 
boundaries  of  what  is  called  the  Ancient  Kingdom  of  Ergynfield,  on  the 
Wye  (the  Archenfield  district),  from  a  List  of  the  Churches  given  in  the 
Liber  Landavensis,  but  the  locality  of  many  of  them  Mr.  Green  has,  un- 
fortunately, not  been  able  to  identify,  though  he  considers  it  included 
Monmouth  and  extended  close  to  Hereford,  but  excluded  Ross,  at  which  he 
is  surprised,  for,  according  to  tradition,  Ross  was  one  of  the  most  important 
places  in  the  Kingdom  of  Ergyng.  He  says  we  read  "  that  shortly  before 
the  reign  of  King  Arthur,  who  was  crowned  at  Caerleon  517,  and  the  close  of 
the  5th  century  (?  6th)  the  celebrated  Dubritius,  illegitimate  son  of  Pepiau, 
King  of  Ergyng,  was  born  at  Madeley,  (but  he  omits  to  cite  the  work  in 
which  this  statement  appears.)  From  this  he  infers  that  the  limits  given 
in  the  Liber  Landavensis  were  considerably  exceeded  in  prior  times.  Com- 
ing down  to  a  recent  date,  Mr.  J.  E.  Samuel  gives  a  very  interesting  account 
of  the  Chartist  Riots  in  Montgomeryshire  in  1889.  Though  this  incident 
can  scarcely  be  said  to  belong  to  "  Wales  of  the  Past,"  the  Editor,  we 
think,  has  acted  judiciously  in  preserving  this  almost  contemporary  account 
whilst  it  may  be  had.  Mr.  W.  H.  Green  also  supplies  an  article  to  shew 
the  identity  of  the  :'John  de  Monmouth"  who  was  hanged  in  12S0.  Mr. 
J.  Wilson  Evans  gives  the  boundary  of  the  ancient  Principalities  of  Wales, 
and  there  are  several  other  valuable  Papers  and  Folk  lore  Notes  and  Super- 
stitions which,  for  want  of  space,  we  are  unable  to  refer  to  more  particularly. 


Western  Antiquary.  Note  Book  for  Devon  and  Cornwall.  Edited  by 
W.  H.  K.  Wright,  F.R.  Hist.  Soc,  Borough  Librarian,  Plymouth,  &c,  &c. 
Plymouth  :  W.  H.  Luke.  London  :  George  Redway.  Exeter  :  James  C. 
Commin,  1889-90. 

The  Western  Antiquary  under  the  skilful  management  of  Mr.  Wright,  with 
the  assistance  of  his  numerous  able  contributors,  pursues  its  useful  course. 


Notices  of  Recent  ARrn.EOLO&icAL  Publications.  395 

Mr.  W.  Crossing's  interesting  Monograph  on  "  Croken  Tor  and  the 
Stannary  Parliament,"  commenced  in  Volume  VIII. ,  is  not  yet  completed, 
and  several  other  Papers,  commenced  in  the  last  Volume,  are  continued  and 
completed  in  this,  and  several  important  new  Papers  have  been  begun.  Mr. 
Edward  Windeatt  introduces  an  interesting  historical  article  on  "  Totnes 
— its  Mayors  and  Mayoralties,"  which  is  not  yet  completed.  The  Rev. 
Sabine  Baring-Gould  and  Mr.  R.  Twigg,  F.S.A.,  contribute  an  "  Armory  of 
the  Western  Counties,"  from  an  old  manuscript  in  the  libiary  of  the  late  Mr. 
Northmore  Lawrence,  of  Launceston,  a  gentleman  who  was  well-known  as 
an  able  genealogist.  This  Manuscript,  the  contributors  shew  from  internal 
evidence,  was  written  about  154S.  The  article  will  worthily  occupy  con- 
siderable space  in  the  periodical  for  some  little  time.  A  Paper  entitled 
"  The  Easton  Family,  and  the  Arms  of  the  County  of  Devon,"  by  "  Gene- 
alogist," is  replied  to  by  Mr.  Charles  Worthy,  in  which  he  takes  exception 
in  a  crushing  reply  to  the  genealogy  set  forth  in  the  Paper,  and  gives  a 
counter  descent,  and  "  Genealogist  "  has,  for  the  present,  disappeared.  The 
Rev.  Prebendary  Hingeston- Randolph  continues  his  "  Kingsbridge  Manu- 
scripts," and  there  are  many  minor  notes  of  much  interest  by  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Barber,  the  Rev.  W.  S.  Lach-Szyrma,  Dr.  Brushfield,  Dr.  Drake, 
and  other  well-known  writers. 

We  have  only  to  add  that  the  illustrations,  generally,  have  been  greatly 
improved.  

NOTES  AND  GLEANINGS.  A  Monthly  Magazine  devoted  chiefly  to 
subjects  connected  with  the  Counties  of  Devon  and  Cornwall.  Edited  by 
W.  Cotton,  F.S.A.  and  James  Dallas,  F.L.S.  Vol.  II.  Numbers  19-25. 
Exeter  :  Printed  by  W.  Pollard  &  Co.,  1889. 

In  our  last  volume  we  noticed  this  serial  as  far  as  number  18  of  Vol.  II.,  and 
we  now  take  it  up  from  number  19  to  the  end  of  that  volume. 

In  the  first  of  the  numbers  now  before  us,  a  very  interesting  descriptive 
and  illustrated  notice  is  given  of  the  "  Early  Greek  Pottery  "  in  the  Albert 
Memorial  Museum  at  Exeter.  Mr.  Edward  Ashworth  gives  a  brief  sketch 
of  an  ancient  House,  which  was  situated  just  beyond  the  South  Gate  of  the 
City,  known  as  "  Larkbear  House  "  from  a  family  of  that  name,  to  whom  it 
belonged  as  early  as  the  14th  century.  The  Larkbears  appear  to  have  be- 
come extinct  before  the  15th  century,  and  the  house  afterwards  passed  into 
the  possession  of  divers  families  in  succession,  and  was  altered,  from  time  to 
time,  for  the  convenience  of  the  occupants,  but  now  it  has  been  demolished 
for  building  purposes.  Externally,  the  house  shewed  some  18th  century 
work  of  good  character,  but  on  removing  this,  it  was  found  that  it  incased 
some  fine  old  work  of  the  lGth  century,  illustrations  of  which  are  furnished. 
A  very  good  account  is  contributed  of  the  ancient  Church  of  St.  Pancras, 
Rousdon,  with  a  list  of  the  institutions  of  the  Rectors — 40  of  them — includ- 
ing an  intruder  during  the  interregnum  of  the  17th  century.  These  institu- 
tions commence  in  1282  and  continue  to  1881,  a  period  of  600  years.  Mr. 
C.  J.  Tait  contributes  a  feeling  artistic  treatise  on  the  painted  Glass  in  the 
Church  of  Doddiscomeleigh.  The  Abstracts  of  the  Municipal  Records 
are  continued,  and  biographical  sketches  are  given  of  Exeter  and  Devon 
Worthies. 


I  IN"  ID  IE  zx: 


Abbehale,  de,  143,  358,  359,  360,  367,  368 

Abbenhale,  Bailiwick,  357,358,  359,  367 

A.B.C.  Book,  The,  noticed,  182 

Abenhall,  M.,  16n 

Abergavenny,  Hon.  of,  303,  310,  311 

Abergavenny,  Priory 

^Ebred,  Archb.  of  York,  238 

Abrincis,  de,  102 

Absalom,  32,  35 

Account  (Sir  J.  Maclean)  for  Excavations 

at  Tockington  Park,  216-219 
Account,  Treasurer's  Annual,  220 
Achebrok,  361 
Acheley,  112 
Acholt,  M.,  284 
Achord,  144 
Acombe,  63 
Acton,  315,  318 
Acton,  de,  32,  34,  35,  276 
Acton  (Iron),  258,  260,  261,  265 
Acton,  river,  258 
Adam,  57 

Adam,  son  of  Simon,  313 
Adams,  1 

Adel  Ch.,  Leeds,  Hagoday  at,  132 
Adelminton,  290 
Adelsthorp,  246 
Agatha,  306 

Agg-Gardiner,  at  Cheltenham,  189  ;  elec- 
ted President,  193 ;  his  Inaugural 
Address,  193-199 ;  is  thanked  for  ac- 
cepting the  office  and  for  his  Address, 
200,  acknowledges  the  same,  200  ; 
presides  at  Evening  Meeting,  204, 
is  thanked  for  his  courtesy  as  Presi- 
dent, 212 ;  acknowledges  the  Vote, 
ib.,  214 

Agnes,  dau.  of  Roger,  45 

Aids,  14 

Ailward,  269 
Ailward,  Meaw,  269 

Ailwin,  43n 

Akeley,  364 

Alan,  Roger,  son  of,  302 

Albamara,  de,  299 

Albemarle,  301 

Albemarle,  Duke  of,  40n 

Albini,  de,  314,  315 

Albright,  81,  81n 

Albredus,  Bp.,  241 

Alder,  67n 

Alderfull,  61,  63 

Alderley,  258 

Aldred,  Bp.,  241 

Aldewyke,  143,  153,  160 

Aletangge,  359 

Aletunes  brok,  366 

Aletune,  366 

Alexander,  King  of  Scots,  102 

Alfred,  K.,  134 

Algar,  50,  269 

Algar,  E.  of  Mercia,  102 

Algaro,  269 

Algiva,  269 

Algrinton,  see  Allccrton 

Alkerton,  147,  156 

Aleston,  57,  68,  74,  96 

Allen,  6 

All  Saints'  Church,  York,  Hagoday  at,  132 

Almaricus,  268,  279 

Vol.  XIV.        2c 


Almondesbury  Ch.,  125 

Almondesbury,  M.,  129 

Aluinebache,  365 

Alured,  350 

Alvescot,  43,  44 

Alveston,  244,  261,  281,  298 

Alveston,  Warr.,  see  Aleston 

Alvington,  M.,  295 

Alwinton,  262 

Amandes,  227 

Amberley,  296 

Amenvill,  de,  320 

Amney,  226,  314 

Amney  Crucis,  311 

Ampton,  234 

Anderson,  105,  113 

Andover,  69 

Andrews,  161 

Ankeleyeford,  361 

Anna,  w.  of  Prince  Edw.,  276 

Anne,  98 

Anne,  St.,  231 

Annesley,  74,  74n  ;  fam.  75,  76,  77,  SO,  94, 

101,  104,  106,  112,  114,  116n 
Anneys  Wood,  333, 
"Antiquary,"  The,  noticed,  185 
"Antiquary,"  The,  Vol.  XXL,  noticed,  300 
Antrelot,  in  Normandy,  26 
Archer,  18,  201 
Arilda,  V.  and  M.,  238,  240 
Arms— 

Anderson,  115 

Annesley,  100,  114, 116 

Arderberg,  91,  99 

Arundel,  110,  297 

Ashmead,  201 

Atwell,  354 

Badlesmere,  110 

Banbury,  115 

Barton,  116 

Basinge,  114 

Berwick,  91,  99 

Bohun,  109 

Booth,  100,  116 

Boswell,  99 

Boteler,  116 

Braose,  de,  109 

Brocas,  100,  115 

Bruce,  100,  114 

Carter,  344 

Caune,  de,  115 

Chandos,  100,  114 

Chester,  E.  of,  116 

Constable,  115 

Cosnard,  115 

Cotton,  100,  114 

Crispin,  115 

Crupes,  211 

Cyveliok,  Hugh,  115 

David,  E.  of  Huntingdon,  100,  115 

Dexter,  115 

Dighton,  72,  89,  94,  100,  115 

Downing,  115 

Edgar  Athelin,  100,  115 

Edmund,  K.,  100,  114 

Edward  Conf.,  115 

Egerton,  100,  116 

Falconer,  114 

Fitton,  116 
Fitz  Hamon,  115 


398 


INDEX. 


Arms — Continued 

Fitz  Roger,  115 

Folville,  100,  114 

Footc,  99 

Glanville,  91,  99 

Greene,  91,  99 

Hall,  91,  99 

Hanbury,  100,  114 

Hatton,  116 

Harvey,  115 

Hellesbv,  116 

Hco,  de,  115 

Hugh  Cweliok,  100 

Keyte,  94,  115 

Kingsley,  116 

Kington,  238 

Lions,  91 

Lister,  94 

Lupus,  Hush,  115 

Malcolm  III.,  100,  115 

Marrowe,  93 

Massey,  116 

Meschines,  de,  115 

Mobcrley,  116 

Mollins,  91,  99 

Mountford,  110 

Newmarch,  de,  109 

Normanville,  116 

Morrell,  115 

Partridge,  344 

Peche,  114 

Pratell,  91,  99 

Puroell,  91,  99 

Roche,  100, 115 

Scocathe,  91,99 

Sehnan,  94 

Shershall,  91 

Starton,  116 

Stayley,  116 

Thornton,  116 

Thurcaston,  114 

Tyndale,  116 

Venables,  114,  116 

Wakested,  91,  99 

Waldesheaf,  114 

Wessenham,  100,  114 

Whitney,  116 

Wylcotes,  91,  99 

Wylcott,  99 
Asaph,  Bp.  of,  125 
Ashby-de-la-Zouch,  72 
Ashe'hvorth,  M.,  129 
Ashelworth,  Ch.,  125 
Ashley,  19,  29Sn,  305 
Ashley,  Priors  of,  20 
Ashley,  W.  J.,  M.A.,  his   "  Introduction 

to   English    Economic    History    and 

Theory,"  noticed,  375 
Ashton,  Sir  William,  113 
Ashton,  Cold,  281 
Asne  1',  318 
Aspennemere,  363 
Aspenemerruede,  363 
Aspunerede,  363 
Asshe,  Kafe  de,  Abbot,  128 
Aston,  de,  28 
Astune,  361,  368 
Athelstan,  K.,  269 
Atkyns,  30,  339 
Atteleyegrene,  359 
Aubemarle,  de,  16 
Aure,  de,  17 
Aure,  M.,  17 
Aust  Cliff,  245 
Auste,  247,  313 
Austyerende,  262 
Avance,  45 


Aveling,  228 

Avenel,  de,  15,  lBn 

Avening,  M.,  5,  15n 

AveningCh.,  report  on,  by  Messrs.  Car- 
penter and  Ingelow,  5-13 

Aventye,  109 

Averey,  233 

Avon,  riv.,  231,  243,  247,249,  250,  260,  266, 
277 

Awnellis  Cross,  367 

Aubrey,  113 

Aylberton,  263 

Aylston,  Co.  Warr.,  64,  70,  71 

Aylworth,  336,  337,  338 


Baalun,  de,  303,  304,  309,  310,  311,  312 

Babbage,  Gen.,  189 

Babington,  104 

Baderon,  17,  31S 

Badger,  268 

Badlesmere,  110,  111 

Badminton,  266,  314 

Baggindon,  23,  25 

Baggindon,  de,  23,  25 

Bagley,  80 

Bagnall-Oakeley,  Mrs.,  her  Paper  on 
"Sanctuary  Knockers,"  131-140,  211 

Bagwell,  Richard,  M.A.,  his  "  Ireland  un- 
der the  Tudors,"  noticed,  385 

Baha,  de,  313 

Bailiwicks,  in  Forest  of  Dene,  15,  16,  356, 
369 

Bailliol,  de,  309,  311 

Bainham,  246 

Bakemere  Priory,  21 

Baker,  333 

Baladon,  de,  310 

Baloun,  de,  143,  146,  147,  148 

Bannebury,  de 

Barenden,  244 

Barkier,  le,  46 

Barkly,  Sir  Henry,  K.  C.  B.,  &c.,  his 
"  Testa  de  Nevill,"  Returns  for  Glouc. , 
14-47  ;  app.  Delegate  to  Archaeological 
Congress,  191;  his  Remarks  on  "Liber 
Niger,"  285-320 

Barksdale,  347 

Barkswell,  92 

Barndleysende,  365 

Barnes,  66,  66n,  07,  67n,  68,  93,  94 

"  Barnstaple,  and  the  Northern  Part  of 
Devonshire  during  the  Civil  War,"  b3' 
R.  W.  Cotton,  noticed,  174-179 

Barnstaple,  Hon.  of,  302,  307 

Barnulph,  K.,  238 

Baron,  143, 153,  160 

Barow,  276 

Barre,  de  la,  46 

Barre,  le,  284 

Barres  Court,  248 

Barry,  James,  Abbot,  128 

Bartieet,  Rev.  S.  E.,  at  Berkeley,  1,  189 

Bartlett,  67n 

Barton,  de,  32,  35 

Basinge,  101,  143,  157 

Basset,  308 

Bath.  231,  248,  260,  206,  281,  326 

Bathford,  77,  107,  118 

Baunse,  145 

Bayeux,  Ch.  of,  40n 

Bayly,  73,  108 

Baynton,  1,  276 

Bazeley,  Rev.  W.,  Hon.  Sec.  at  Berkeley, 
1 ;  acts  as  Guide  at  Berkeley  Castle- 
3 ;  62,  63  ;  at  Cheltenham,  189  ;  reads 
Report  of  Council,  189-193  ;  190  ;  pro- 


INDEX. 


399 


jects  publication  Glouc.  Bibliography, 
192 ;  200 ;  his  remarks  on  the  Manor 
of  Swindon,  201  ;  20(5,  20S  ;  on  the 
Roman  Villa  in  Spoonley  Wood,  208, 
210  ;  Guide  at  Chedworth,  215 

Beauboys,  41 

Beauchamp,  110,  111,  113,  23C,  265  ;  ped. 
of,  275,  2S9,  289n 

Beaufort,  110 

Beau  lieu,  Abbey,  31Cn 

Beaumont,  de,  102 

Beaurepaire,  103 

Bechenehull,  364 

Becket,  307 

Beckford,  6 

Beckford,  Priors  of,  20 

Bede,  267 

Beddowe,  71 

Beddoe,  Dr.,  1  ;  elected  President  for 
1890-1,  211 

Bedford,  Duchess  of,  139 

Bedfordshire,  76 

Bedminstcr,  253 

Belami,  57 

Beligh,  103 

Bell,  236,  243 

Bells,  Inscriptions  on,  86 

Bellows,  .1.,  190 

Bereguall,  de,  293 

Berkeley,  3,  25,  31n,  34n,  19,  143n,  201, 
229,  230,  217,  238,  240,  242,  243,  245, 
256,  257,  259,  262,  263,  280,  2il,300,  301 

Berkeley  Castle,  117,  118,  119,  190,  230 

Berkeley  Church  visited  by  Society,  1 

Berkeley,  of  Dursley,  120,  121,  122,  123, 
124,  230,  282,  283,  284,  291n,  292,  294, 
29i\  299n,  300,  301,  317 

Berkelej*,  Genealogy  of,  263,  255 

Berkeley  harness,  125,  300 

Berkeley,  of  Heron,  282 

Berkeley,  Hon.  of,  317 

Berkeley,  Royer,  of  Durslev,  his  Knights, 
299 

Berkeley,  Spring  Meeting  there,  1 

Berkeley,  Tombs  in  the  Cathedral,  251 

Berkshire,  40,  77,  225,  315,  316,  317 

Berleysgrene,  365 

Bermondsey,  Priory  of.  310 

Bernard,  the  Priest,  ."17 

Berners,  335,  336 

Bernulph,  K.,  241 

Bers,  (Berse)  Bailiwick,  357,  362,  363,  36S 

Berwick,  St.  James,  Wilts,  89 

Berwick-upon-Tweed,  222 

Best,  78,  79 

Bethlesden,  Abb.  of,  2S4 

Betistre,  Co.  Hants.,  281 

Betun  de,  Bp.,  283,  329,  334,  349n 

Beverlev,  135 

Beverstone  Castle,  229,  230,  280 

Benet,  159 

Bikenor  fields.  364 

Bikenour  Bailiwick,  357,  364,  368 

Bikenoresti,  364 

Bikenoure,  365,  366 

Bikenoursford,  367 

Bicknor,  M.,  15,  15n 

Bicknorswey,  359 

Billinge,  105 

Bird,  354,  355 

Bishop,  28,  28n 

Bisley  Hund.,  21n,  37 

Bisley,  M.,  298 

Bissopeslade,  365 

Bissopesweie,  361,  365 

Bitton,  249 

Blake,  227 

•2c2 


Blakemore,  361 

Blakeney  Bailiwick,  For.  of  Dene,  15,  351, 
358,  361,  368 

Blakeney,  de,  15 

Blakenevc,  361 

Blakeneye  Mill,  361 

Blakepulle,  361,  363 

Blakepultorde,  361 

Blacker,  Rev.  Beaver  H.,  his  "  Glouces- 
tershire Notes  and  Queries,"  noticed, 
392 

Blacker,  Rev.  B.  II.,  191 

Blakeway,  190 

Blaksennie,  3f9 

Blanc,  Le,  189 ;  seconds  vote  of  thanks, 
200 

Blechesden,  304 

Blechesden,  de,  17 

Bletchingdon,  106 

Blevth,  362 

Bleyth,  (Bley),  Bailiwick,  357,  S62,  36S 

Blideslawe,  Hund.,  16 

Blund,  17,  17n,  19,  256,  330,  312 

Blunt,  see  Blund 

Bodington,  Alice,  her  "  Studies  on  Evolu- 
tion and  Biology,"  noticed,  377 

Bodinffion,  M.  visited,  204;  214  ;  230 

Bodvill,  de,  299 

Bohun,  de,  109,  110,  111,  2S4,  2S6n,  29S, 
302 

Bohun,  Margaret,  de,  her  Knights,  301, 
303,  303n,  304,  306,  313,  315,  316,  319 

Bokeland,  79 

Boleville,  de,  293 

Boleyn,  Anne,  Q.,  221 

Bolletre,  366 

Boniface,  V.,  Pope,  133 

Bonnor,  lip.,  346 

Bonuor,  B.,  1,  1S9 ;  proposes  resolution, 
193 

Booth,  111,  112,  113 

Bordeaux,  21,  22n 

Borhunte,  10 

Bosco,  de,  294,  298 

Bosell,  Bp.,  237,  241 

Boswell,  69,  93,  98,  93 

Bosworth  Field,  230 

hoteler,  le,  143,  232,  233,  234,  235,  266 

Botinton,  291,  296 

Bouchier,  110 

Bowdler,  106 

Bowley,  C,  re-elected  on  Council,  192 

Bow,  Middlesex,  73,  74 

Boxclive,  de,  16 

Box,  de  la,  362 

Boxwell,  259 

Bratenstoke  Priory,  227 

Bradewall,  97 

Bradford,  260 

Bradley,  de  2S4 

Bradley,  Hants,  1C3 

Bradley,  Hund.,  29,  35,  36,  37,  SOS 

Bradshaigh,  111 

Bradstone,  W.,  Abbot,  127,  255 

Brackenridge,  W.  J.,  1 

Brandon  Hill,  2)2 

Braose,  de,  28,  109,  284,  302 

Brasses,   Monumental,  89-95,  213,  213n, 
343 

Braunch,  Abbot,  161 

Brecon,  3ln 

Brecknock,  109,  302 

Brecknock  Abbey,  304n 

Brecknockshire,  244 

Breme,  le,  364 

Bremerende,  363 


400 


INDEX. 


Breth,  Bret,  &c,  le,  37, 141, 142,  143  ;  ped. 

144  ;  146,  147,  148,  149,  150,  151,  152, 

153, 154,  155,  156,  157,  158,  159,  160 
Brewer,  74,  82,  83 
Bricssard,  Ranulph,  102 
Brictric,  son  of  Alnod,  5,  50,  51.  269,  278 
Brid,  46 

Briddessete,  359 

Brierley,  G.  H  ,  his    "  Cymru  Fu,"    no- 
ticed, 394 
Brimpsfield,  30,  34n,  318 
Brinton,  de,  285n 
Bristol,  155,  192 ;    selected    as   place    of 

meeting  next  year,  211  ;  231,  243, 246, 

247,  254,  258,  262,  279 
Bristol,  St.  Augustine's  Abbey,  19 ;  Roll 

of  Abbots,  117n  ;   119,  124  ;   founda- 
tion of,  125,  126,  250 
Bristol,  St.  Augustine's  Abbey,  Abbot  of, 

20,  117 
Bristol-upon-Avon,  18  ;  Parish  Churches — 

St.  Augustine's,  248,  252 

The  Gauntes,  249,  251,  252 

Four  Houses  of  Friars,  249,  252 

The  City  Gates,  250,  252,  253,  255 

St.  John's  Church,  250 

The  Castle,  250 

The  Bridge,  250,  251 

St.  Nicholas  Church,  261 

St.  Leonard,  251 

St.  Lawrence,  251 

St.  John  Baptist,  251 

Christ's  Church,  alias  Trinity,  251 

St.  Ewen,  251 

St.  Werburgh,  251 

All  Hallowes',  251,  254,  255 

St.  Mary  Port,  251 

St.  Peter's,  251 

St.  Stephen's,  251,  254 

St.  Thomas,  Apostle,  251 

St.  Sepulchre,  251 

l^t.  James  Priory,  252,  279 

Hospitals,  252 

Chapels,  253 

Bridges,  230,  253 

Ferries,  253 

The  Harbour,  11 

The  Calendaries,  2 

Beyond  Avon. 

Redcliff,  251,  252,  253 

St.  Mary  Magd.,  252 
Bristol,  Deans  of,  113 
Brithelmetona,  de,  52 
Britto,  75 

Britwoldesbury,  Hund.,  23 
Brocas,  103,  105 

Brookampton,  331,  332,  333,  334,  338 
Brockhampton,  de,  289 
Brockworth,  244 
Brockyeborne,  98 
Brodemede,  359 
Brodokethume,  363 
Brodokwey,  361 
Brod\veve:-enese,  366 
Broke,  98 

Brokeworth,  de,  143,  143n,  154,  157 
Bromefield,  240 
Bromeasse,  366 
Bromespulle,  361 
Bronstonesbrok,  367,  368 
Brown,  32,  32n,  35n,  80,  SOn 
Bruce,  102 
Bruern  Abbey,  26 
Bruggeman,  55 

Brun,  le,  29,  30,  31n,  34,  34n,  35,  35n 
Bruton,  H.  W.,  1  ;  re-elected  on  Council, 
192  ;  Auditor,  220 


Buckthorn  Weston,  Church  Plate,  267 

Buckingham,  Duke  of,  140,  261,*262 

Buckland,  M. ,  56,  57  ;  Church,  82n 

Bucklebury,  77,  107 

Buckler,  J.  C,  48,  49 

Bucknall-Estcourt,  42 

Bundy,  79 

Burbyn,  347 

Burk,  de,  358 

Burgh,  de,  111 

Burton,  223,  246 

Burroughs,  1 

Bush,  1 

Busli,  de,  50,  51 

Busted,  347 

Butevilayne,  284 

Butler,  Edward,  his  "  Consideration  of 
Gentle  Ways,"  noticed,  379 

Butterworth,  Rev.  G.,  his  "  Notes  on  the 
Apse  of  the  Ancient  Church  of  Deer- 
hurst,"  48-49 


Cable,  97 

Cadbury,  de,  311 

Cadbury,  Som.,  310,  311 

Cadurcis,  see  Chaworth. 

Caen,  279 

Caerleon,  291  n 

Caerwent,  visit  to,  211 

Cahaignes,  de,  294,  298 

Cailey,  see  Kailey. 

Cainsham  Abbey  j  255,  260,  266 

Caines,  257 

Cainho,  316n 

Caisneio,  de,  292 

Calais,  221,  223 

Caldewall,  367 

Calewe,  de,  330 

Calicote,  284 

Calewe,  de,  143,  144,  154 

Calmesden,  24 

Camber,  John,   341  ;    his   will,  342  ;    his 

Monumental  Brass,  343,  354 
Camberton,  64 

Cambridge,  Christ  Church  College,  221 
Cambrensis,  Gerald,  135 
Campden, 
Cannynge,  118 
Cantelene,  299 
Canterbury,  Cathedral,  9 
Canterbury,  Archb.  of,  347 
Cantilupe,  de,  18,  268,  350 
Canute,  302 
Canute,  K.,  23S,  241 
Caprun,  de,  294,  296 
Car,  276 
Cardiff,  de,  293 
Carectar,  58 
Careter,  le,  54 
Carle,  97 
Carlisle,  326n 
Carpenter,  Ingelow,   Report  on  Avening 

Church,  5,  13 
Carter,  344 
Cartwrig 
Case,  96 
Castell,  337 

Castile  and  Leon,  Pedro,  K.  of,  111 
Castle  Cary,  40,  311 
Caune,  de,  103 

Castles  in  Gloucestershire,  247 
Cawthery,  97 
Ceolnoth,  Archb.,  347 
Cernay,  de,  302 
Cerne,  Abbot  of,  306 
Cerney,  24,  305 


INDEX. 


401 


Cerney,  John,  Abbot,  129 

Chacepore,  21 

Chacombe,  Oxon,  86 

Chalfring,  364 

Chamberlayne,  108 

Chambers,  337,  347 

Chandler,  333,  33",  343,  344,  346 

Chandos,  de,  23,  25,  36,  104,  282,  31S 

Chanteries,  225 

Chapmone  brugge,  364 

Chardi,  de,  294 

Charlecote,  108 

Charles  I.,  K.,  70 

Charlton  Abbots,  338 

Charlton  Kings,  305 

Chasegresok,  365 

Chasnall,  95,  97 

Chaunsey,  258,  2P4 

Chaworth,  239,  243,  313,  314,315,  316, 316n 

Chaxhale,  359 

Chedworth,  Koman  Villa  visited,  211,  214 

Cheek,  Sir  John,  223 

Cheisne,  del,  309 

Chelefield,  de,  313,  315 

Cheltenham,  Abb.,  276n 

Cheltenham,  Annual  Meeting  at,  189, 192, 

193,  235,  242,  247,  267,  305,  320,  332, 

338 ;  Grammar  School,  332 
Cheltenham,  Hund.,  328 
Cheltenham,  Mayor  of,  189 
Chepstow,  357 

Chepstow,  Excursion  to,  211  ;  244,  246 
Cherington,  M.,  28 
Cheswell,  80 

Chester,  Earls  of,  37,  102 
Chester,  Hugh,  E.  of,  298 
Chetel,  303 

Cheverel,  314,  314n,  315 
Chevringworth,  de,  143,  151 
Chewton  Mendip,  75,  107 
Chichester,  209 

Chichester.  Bp.  of,  8,  287n,  306 
Chipping,  192,  247,  298 
Chipping  .Norton,  25n,  246,  247 
Chirchome,  358 
Chirington,  284 
Chiveleia,  de,  289 
Chulunces,  de,  289 
Church  Plate,  86-89,  165-170 
Churne,  riv.,  227,  248 
Cirencester,  46,  192,  226,  227,  228,  230,  ':31 

235,  242,  247,  248 
Cirencester  Abbey,  227,  290 
Cirencester,  Abbey,  Almoner  of,  46 
Cirencester,  Abbots  of,  20,  22,  47 
Cirencester,  Bailiwick  of,  21 
Cirencester,  de,  29,  35,  45 
Cirencester  Hund.,  15n,  23,  25,  26,  36,  37, 

43n. 
Cirencester,  Hosp.  of  St.  John,  228 
Cirencester,  St.  Peter's  par.,  37 
Clarence,  D.  of,  225 
Clare,  de,  110,  239,  242,  243,  265,  267,  270, 

277,  279,  280,  282,  291n. 
Claremont,  de,  102 
Clark,  G.  T.,  3,  291n. 
Clarkfield,  359 
Clavil,  de,  291 
Cleeve,  Bishops,  12 
Cleeve  Hdl  Camp,  visited  by  the  Society, 

205  ;  described  by  Mr.G.  B.Witts,,  ib. 
Cleeve,  M.,  319 

Clegram,  W.  B.,  his  death,  192 
Clement,  VII.,  Pope,  221 
Clements,  347 
Clericus,  32,  35 
Clerk,  le,  46,  331 


Cleyesladesreode.  363 

Cleyewavsendc,  363 

Cliffe,  283 

Clifford,  Advow.,  74-79  ;  Institutions,  79- 
83,  106,  108 

Clifford,  de,  143,  151,  154,  156,  159,  160, 
201,  257,  319 

Clifford,  Hist,  of  Manor  and  Advow.  of, 
by  Sir  John  Maclean,  F.S.A.,  50-116  ; 
granted  to  the  Abbey  of  St.  Peter,  51, 
extent  of,  51-59,  advowson  of,  77, 
the  church,  83-95,  bells,  86,  monu- 
ments, 89  ;  church  plate  at,  88-89,  167 

Clifton,  104,  276,  292,  296,  354 

Clifton,  Antiquarian  Club.Proceedings  of, 
edited  by  Alfred  E.  Hudd,  F.S.A., 
noticed,  183-184 

Clinton,  292,  307,  308 

Clipston,  de,  353 

Clive,  277 

Cliveden,  de,  293 

Clopley,  332,  333 

Clopton,  101 

Cloudesley,  Herbert,  his  "  Passing 
Thoughts  of  a  Working  Man,"  noticed, 
379 

Cloville,  104 

Cnappestysenese,  365 

Cnictecote,  de,  306 

Cobberley,  25,  201,  230,  299,  300 

Cockerel,  29,  302.  304,  305,  309,  311,  312 

Cocksutgrene,  362 

Coderington,  257,  300 

Codrington,  M.,  13u,  299,  313 

Coelnoth,  Archb.,  337 

Cogan,  de,  294 

Coke,  William,  Abbot,  128 

Coksutewcye,  367 

Cokwodesbroke,  362 

Coldhall,  104 

Cold  Salperton,  358 

Colecombe,  352 

Coleforde,  364 

Coles,  333 

Colthrop,  141 

Colstyerende,  361 

Colvnes,  332,  254 

Combe,  118,  147 

Combe  Keynes,  chalice  at,  Must.,  266 

Combe,  par.,  69,  98 

Combes,  67,  354 

Compton,  de,  143,  157 

Compton,  Abdale,  33S 

Condicote,  15,  305 

Connington,  102,  104,  105,  107 

Constable,  105 

Constantini,  de,  294 

Cook,  Dr.,  proposes  resolution,  193 

Cooke,  63,  64,  65,  86,  189 

Copland,  354 

Cormailles,  de,  30,  32,  35,  207,  318 

Connailles,  Hon.,  35 

Cornewall,  104 

Cornwall,  209 

Corwedene,  233 

Coryeldestone.  367 

Cotes,  de,  29,  46 

Cotes  Manor,  26,  29,  311 

Cotes,  par.,  26,  29 

Cotteswold    Hills,  228,  230,  233,  233,  244 
246,  24S,  342 

Cotton,  76,  8o,  101,  104,  107,  114,  223 

Cotton,  R.W.,  his  "Barnstaple  and  the 
Northern  Part  of  Devonshire  during 
the  Civil  War,"  noticed,  174-179 
Cotton,  William,  F.S.A.,  his  "  Notes  and 
Gleanings,"  noticed,  395 


402 


INDEX. 


Cottonian  Library,  Hed.  Trustees  of,  106, 

107 
Coutances,  Bp.  of,  40n,  308 
Coutances,  de,  296 
Courteen,  104 
Courtenay,  275,  276 
Coveleve,  de,  299,  358 
Coventry,  73,  108 
Cowley,  de,  301 

Cox  well-Rogers,  Rev.  W.  It.,  211-212 
Cradockstone,  361 
Cranburne,  269,  278 
Craven, 334 
Crawley-Boevey,  303n 
Crekelade,  225,  317 
Cripps,  88 
Croc,  293 
Crofterend,  262 
Croke,  103 
Crokedeford,  364 
Crome,  31,  31n,  34n. 
Crompton,  332 
Cromwell  Thomas,  222 
Crophill,  102 
Crowland  Abbey,  137 
Croyndon,  de,  353 
Croysedereode,  365 
Crudas,  189 
Crumpemede,  258,  363 
Crupes,  210,  211,  333 
Cumberland,  Popular  County  History  of, 

by  Chancellor  H.  S.  Ferguson,  M.A., 

LL.M.  F.S.A.,  noticed,  179,182 
Cumdicot,  302 
Cunnesbroke,  363 
"  Cymru  Fu,"  edited  by  Geo.  H.  Brierley, 

noticed,  394 
Cyveliok,  Hugh,  102 


Dadyngton,  Hew  de,  Abb.,  127 

Dagiingworth,  291 

Dallas,  James,  F.L.S.,  his  "Notes  and 
Gleanings,"  noticed,  395 

Dansey,  1 

Danvers,  98 

Dapifer,  109 

D' Argent,  E.  A.,  1,189 

David,  Abbot,  127 

David  I.,  King  of  Scots,  102 

Davis,  92,  93n,  186,  189,  213n. 

Davy,  355 

Davys,  336,  348 

Dawboney,  John,  Abbot,  129 

Day,  Dr.,  189  ;  his  death,  192 

Day,  Rev.  J.  G.,  211 

Deerhurst,  Notes  on  the  Apse  of  the 
Ancient  Church,  by  the  Rev.  G.  But- 
terworth,  48-49  ;  266,  267,  268 

Deerhurst,  Prior  of,  20 

De  la  Bere,  284 

Delamere,  Lord,  107,  112,  113,  260 

Delean,  234 

Delisle,  208,  217 

Delves,  276 

Denbigh,  65 

Dene,  de,  16,  27,  42 

Dene,  Forest  of,  14  ;  officers  of,  14n,  15, 
16  ;  17,  38,  209,  243,  245,  246,  259,  302, 
303n  ;  Perambulation  of  10th  Edw.I., 
by  Sir  John  Maclean,  356-309  ;  Baili- 
wicks of,  357,  359,  366,  369  ;  Mines  of, 
368,  369 

Dene  Magna,  16,  IGn  ;  Bailiwick,  357,  358, 
366, 367 

Dene  Parva,  Bailiwick,  357,  359,  S67 

Denmark,  K.  of,  119,  120,  124 


Dent,  Mrs.,  208  ;  is  thanked,  210,  211 

Denys,  257,  200 

Denys,  St.,  Mon.,  267 

Depeforde,  361 

Depemore,  362 

Derbyshire,  289 

Derham,  1 

Derham,  de,  310,  311 

Derkesforde,  366 

Derneford,  de,  358 

Despenser,  22n    27,  31n,  61,  273,  274,  307, 

308,  309 
Devereux,  332 
Devises,  6,324 

Devonshire,  16,  291n  ;  sheriff  of,  297 
Dexter,  105 
Diarmed,  K.,  138 

Dichesdon,  (Sec  Dixton,  Mon.,  2S9) 
Dicton,  de,  292 
Did  brook,  231 
Didcote,  278 
Dighton,  70,71 ;  family,  72-73  ;  75,  70,  81, 

82,  82n,  94,  96,  98,  107,  108 
Dixton,  Mon.,  289 
Dobell,  Mr.  and  Mrs.,  receive  the  Society 

at  Whittington  Court,  210 
Dobell,  Mr.,  189;  seconds  resol.,  193 
Dobson,  347 

Documents,  Original,  95-97 
DodiiiL'ton,  230,'  258,  259,  296,  300 
Dodwell,  333,  333 
Dol,  Archb.  of,  350n. 

Domesday  Book,  extracts  from,  50,  51,  328 
Domesday  Survey,  357 
Dorchester,  Oxon,  228 
Dorset,    Church     Plate     in,    265  ;     local 

stamps,  168 
Dorset,  Co.  of,  5,  40,  291n,  306 
Dove,  104 
Dover,  Ch.,  9 
Dowdeswell,  Ch.  visited,  212  ;  Paper   by 

Mr.  S.  H.  Gael,  thereon  read,  iu.;  the 

camp  visited,  213 
Downampney,  220 
Downing,  105 
Draycot,  101 
Draycott,  de,  358 
Dru,  145 

Druybrok,  363,  304,  365,  367 
Druybrokesforde,  367 
Druybrokeswall,  365 
Dryden,  Sir  Henry,  Bart.,  7 
Duddelegh,  mead.,  284 
Dun,  de,  353 
Duncepouche,  124 
Dunel,  45 

Dunethrope,  de,  2S9,  2S9n. 
Dunham  Massev,  111,  113 
Dunstaple,  103,  105 
Duutesborne,  31,  32,  34 
Duntisbourne,  Lire,  32,  34 
Duntsborn,  46 

Durand,  the  Sheriff,  303,  305,  319,  S28 
Durham,  Bps.  of,  227 
Durham  Cathedral,  Hagodav  at,  132,  13 

204 
Dursley,  80,  120,  191,  230,  259,  300,  325 
Durslev,  Barony,  300,  301 
Dutton,333 
Dychesende,  359 
Dyrham,  29,  257,  260,  311 


Kastleche,  23,  25,  224,  295,  304 
Eastington,  par.,  147n,  311,  312 
Eastwick,  Hants,  69 
Eastwood  Park,  112 


INDEX. 


403 


Eaton,  Hastings,  Barony,  29,  36,  297 

Eaton,  Berks,  297 

Edburge,  241 

Edgar  Athelin,  102 

Edgar,  K.,  134 

Edric,  E.  of  Mercia,  102 

Edmond  (the  Elder),  K. ,  266 

Edmondesburv,  St.,  135 

Edward,  the  Outlaw,  102 

Edward  (the  Elder),  269 

Edward  Confessor,  K.,  51,  134,  227,  278, 
290,  307,  319,  328 

Edward  I.,  K.,118,  142,  146,  154,  158 

Edward  II.  K.,  119,  238,  239,  240,  241 

Edward  II.  (Ironside),  102,  244 

Edward  III.  K.,  Ill,  118,  142,  258,  280 

Edward  IV.  K.,  139,  234,  235,  242  205,  267, 
280 

Edward  VI.  King-,  88 

Edward  of  Lancaster,  275 

Edward,  Prince,  44 

Egbert,  K.,  238,  241 

Egerton,  74,  113 

Edy,  366 

Eilburge,  Q.,  Abbess,  237 

Eiusford,  de,  292 

Eldon,  Lord,  is  thanked,  211,  214 

Eldred,  238 

Elizabeth,  Q.,  SI,  88,  223 

Elkstone,  6,  7,  32,  34,  35,  192 

Elkyns,  354 

Ellacombe,  86,  345n. 

Ellerton,  347 

Ellis,  A.  S.,  51 

Elsicot,  M.,  Oxon, 

Elthestan,  269 

Elton,  43,  354 

Ehin,  C.  N..his  "Dictionary  of  Herald- 
ry," noticed,  184 

Elvot,  117 

Engewald,  124 

Erkenband,  14,  15 

Erleyeford,  361 

Ernald,  the  Priest,  440 

Erwyn,  103 

Eskelin,  292 

Esselegh,  284,  302 

Essex,  Co.,  40 

Estcourt,  41,  41n,  42  (See  also  Bucknall- 
Extcourt) 

Estenhall,  230 

Eston,  318 

Eston,  de,  318 

Estwood,  262 

Ethelbald,  K.,  268 

Ethelfleda,  244 

Ethelred,  K.,  237,  241,  244,  268,  269 

Eu,  Earl  of,  312 

Eva,  Q  ,  Abbess,  237,  241 

Evans,  Mrs.,  211 

Evereux.  de,  25,  102,  270 

Evesham,  231,  234,  235,  289n. 

Eveley,  de.  124 

Ewer,  69,  99 

Exeter,  Archd.  of,  350 

Exeter,  Bps.  of,  125 

Exton,  102 

Eylestone,  de,  53,  59 

Eyr,  le,  333,  354 

Eyton,  Rev.,  R.W.,  285n. 

Eywode,  360 


Fairford,  192,  225,  236,  22S,  247,  295 
Fairford  Water,  226 
Falconer,  101 
Falkirk,  battle  of,  103 


Fallow,  87,  267 

Fareham,  103 

Faringdon,  de,  292 

Farington,  224,  22S 

Farley,  Abb.,  239,  241 

Farmer,  347 

Farmiugton,  36,  297 

Faune,  81 

Fayre,  lo,  124 

Federer,  Charles,  A.L.C.P.,  his  Yorkshire 

Chap  Cooks,  noticeil,  185-188 
Felda,  de,  141 
Felding,  276 
Felton,  282 
Ferguson,  Chancellor  R.S.,  his  "Popular 

History  of  Cumberland,"  noticed,  179- 

182 
Ferrars,  230 
Fienles,  109 
Fifhide,  M.,  Dors.,  129 
Fineecherede,  363 
Fineeth,  361 
Fineethway,  361 
Fisher,  113,  192,  326 
Fitz  Alan,  314,  315,  318 
Fitz  Baderon,  319 
Fitz  Count,  311 
Fitz  Gilbert,  de,  293 
Fitz  Hamon,    Robt.,   102,   254,   269,   270, 

278,  291n,  292,  295,  317,  350n 
Fitzharding,  117,  118,  120,  121,  122,  123, 

124, 125,  251,  254,  255,  282,  293,  300,  301 

317,  350n 
Fitzharding,  Lord,  317 
Fitz  Harding',  Robert,  his  Knights,  317 
Fitz  Herbert,  293,  302,  303n. 
Fitz  Milo,  Roger,  243 
Fitz  Nichol,  282 
Fitz  Piers,  109 
Fitz  Roger,  103,  303,  305 
Fitz  Rolf,  311,  313,  319 
Fitz  Simon,  313,  315 
Fitz  Turold,  26,  29 
Fitz  Warine,  204,  298 
Fitz  Williams,  104 
Flaald,  314 

Flaxley  Abbey,  243,  244,  246,  362 
Flaxley,  Abbot  of,  258,  261 
Fleming,  le,  25 
Fleury,  208 
Flitenewyke,  365 
Flore,  276 

Foliot,  294,  319,  330 
Folvylle,  104,  105,  116 
Foote,  99 

Forbes,  Col.,  189,  191 
Forde,  de,  57,  58,  59 
Fordhampton,  276n. 
Forster,  106 

Fort    Ancient,    The    Great    pre-historic 
Earthwork   of  Warren  County,  Ohio,  by 

Warren,  K.  Moorhead,  noticed,  373 
Fort  St.  George,  E.  I.,  75 
Fortescue,  276 
Forthington,  de,  329 
Fosbrook,  201 
Fossway,  230,  231,  248 
Foster,  1 
Fotheringay,  267 
Foulds,  108 

Fountains,  Abbot  of,  21 
Fowler,  335 
Foxe,  347 
Foye,  239,  243 
France,  221,  330 
Franchevalier,  314,  315,  318 
Frankeleyn,  58 


404 


INDEX. 


Fraunceys,  355 
Freeman,  52,  59,  67n,  78,  338 
Frenche,  le,  333 
Frethorne,  311,  312 
Frethorne,  de,  312 
Freville,  de,  30n,  33n. 
Frilsham,  77 
Fringford,  332 
Frocester,  7Sn.,  80,  243 
Frocester,  Abb.,  142,  239,  240 
Froggewall,  364 
Frogmore,  108 
Frome  Church,  334,  449 
Frome,  riv.,  250,  258 
Fromylode,  de,  146 
Frothorne,  309 
Froulinton,  289,  290 
Fuller,  334 
Furnsham,  de,  293 
Fynes,  98 


Gael,  S.H., (the late) his  Paper  on  Southam 
House,  read  by  Mr.  le  Blanc,  205 ;  is 
thanked,  ib. 

Galehampton,  309,  311 

Galiena,  24 

Gamage,  152,  239,  242,  284,  358 

Garden,  the,  32 

Gardiner,  W.,  161,  342 

Gardiner,  R.,  242 

Gardinis,  de,  29,  31,  32,  33,  33n,  34,  143, 
158,  160 

Gardinuni,  29,  31,  32,  34,  35n. 

Gascony,  19,  21,  22n. 

Gascony,  Scutage  of,  21,  23 

Garsington,  43 

Gaunt,  252,  253,  280 

Gaunt's  Hosp.,  249,  252 

Geneville,  de,  37,111 

"Gentleman's  Mag.  Library,  Biographical 

Notes,"  by  A.  C.  Buckley,  noticed,  172-174 

"Gentle  Ways,"  a  consideration  of,  by 
Edward  Butler,  noticed,  379 

Geoffrey  the  Chamberlain,  307  (See 
Clinton) 

Geoffrey,  Dean  of  Hereford,  52 

Geoffrey,  son  of  Roger,  309 

George,  66,  189 

Gerard,  299 

Gerbodus,  294 

Gernons,  Randulf,  102 

Gersdon  Hund.  (See  Cirencester  Ilund.) 

Gert,  43n. 

Geyton,  de,  353 

Gibbons,  Mr.  and  Mrs., receive  the  Society 
at  Boddington  Manor,  204,  211 

Gibbs.  1 

Gifford,  3,  30,  30n,  31n,  33,  34n,  36, 42,  23S, 
241, 318 

Gilbert,  257 

"Glimpses  into  Nature's  Secrets,"  by  E. 
Martin,  noticed,  378 

Glamorgan,  Hon.  of,  291n. 

Glastonbury,  266 

Glastonbury,  Abb.,  266 

"  Gloucestershire  Notes  and  Queries," 
edited  by  the  Rev.  Beaver  H.  Blacker, 
noticed,  392 

Gloucestershire,  5,  16,  18,  19,  19n,  21,  39, 
40, 40n,42,  45,  50,  65,  66,  70,  74,  75,  143, 
192;  projected  publication  of  Biblio- 
graphy of,  192;  224,  225,  230,  235,  236, 
242,  243,  245,  246,  247,  262,  284n,  289, 
291,  291n,  294,  304,  308,  810,  311,  312, 
313,  314,  318,  319,  329,  338,  351n,  357 

Gloucestershire,  Sheriffs  of,  35n,  158 


Gloucester,  Honour  of,  29,  36,  40,  269 ; 

devolution  of,  270,  294,  295,  296n,  297, 

298,  304 
Gloucester,  City,  78,   193,  209,  230,  283, 

330,  334,  368 
Gloucester,  Mayor  and  Corp.  of,  211 
Gloucester,    projected     publication    of 

Records,  192 
Gloucester  and  Religious  Houses  of 

St.  Peter's  Abbey,  15,  62,  77,  141,  142, 

23S,  259,  290,  305,  310,  362,  365 
Gloucester,  St.  Peter's,  Abbots  of,  30,  32, 

35,  60,  63,  142,  239,  365,  366 
Gloucester,  St.  Peter's,  Abbot  and  Con- 
vent of,  51,  67,  142,  151,  152,  153,  154, 

156,  157,  158,  159,  160,  161,  238 
Gloucester,  Cathedral,   224,  237,  238  239 

240,  242 
Gloucester,  Bishops,  of,  162 
Gloucester,  Deans  of,  162, 190 
Gloucester,  St.  Oswald's  Priory,  236,242 
Gloucester,  St.  Nicholas,  Hagoday  at  131 

204 
Gloucester,  St.  Bartholomew,  Hosp     237 

242  ' 

Gloucester,  Black  Friars,  Coll.,  237,  242 
Gloucester,  St.  Ewen's  Church,  237,  242 
Gloucester,  Grey  Friars,  College,  237  ''42 

243 
Gloucester,  St.  Margaret's  Coll.,  237,  242 
Gloucester,  St.  Mary  Magd.  Hospital,  237 

242 
Gloucester,  Duke  of  (Rich.  III.),  139 
Gloucester,  White  Friars,  Coll  ,  237,  242 
Gloucester,  Earls  of,  23,  26,  2.50,  267   '?68 

277,  278,  279,  290,  291,  291n,  292,  296! 

298,  319 
Gloucester,  William  Earl  of,  his  Knisrhts 

291,  294 
Gloucester,  de,  26,  109,  146,  295,  334 
Goderich  Castle,  Honour  of  290,  291n. 
Godrike,  281 
Godwin,  96 
Goldcliffe,  Priory,  267 
Gomme,  G.  Lawrence,  his  "  Gentlemen's 

Magazine    Library,  —  Bibliographical 

Notes,"  noticed,  172-174 
Gonovill,  294 
Goodall,  82 
Goodier,  68,  69,  93,  98 
Goodman,  235,  242 
Gornay,  de,  292,  296 
Gosynton,  de,  124 
Gotherington,  313 
Gouthland,  co.  York,  89 
Gower,  276 
Gozenboded,  101 
Grainvill,  de,  294 
Grandison,  111 
Grava,  de,  18 
Graves,  74 
Graville,  281 

Gray,  de,  Archbp.  20,  20n. 
Greklad,  248 
Grenemare,  de,  293 
Grenewaye,  364 
Grevil,  78 
Grey,  113 
Gryme,  112 
Grove,  332 

Grumboldsash  Hund., 28 
Guelde,  atte,  149, 151 
Guiz,  de,  292 
Gunlion,  293 
Gunnilda,  45 
Gunnoville,  de,  294,  297,297n,298,  298,  309, 

310,  312 


INDEX. 


405 


Hackett,  de,  358 

Hailes,  296,  308 

Hainault,  111 

Hakesbury,  M.,  284 

Hale,  Genl.,  1 

Hales,  113,332,337 

Hales,  de,  354 

Hall,  Rev.  J.  M.,  at  Berkeley,  1  ;  his 
Notes  on  Pynchenecumbe,  141-162  ; 
210,  211,  305n  ;  his  Memoir  on  Seven- 
hampton,  328-355  ;  the  Benefice,  334  ; 
Parsonage  House,  337 ;  Population, 
338-339  ;  Church,  339  ;  Monuments, 
343  ;  Ch.  Bells,  345  ;  Mural  Paintings, 
345  ;  Incumbents,  346-347 

Hallen,  Rev.A. W.Cornelius,  his  "  London 
City  Church  Registers,  St.  Botolph," 
noticed,  300 ;  his  "  Scottish  Anti- 
quary," noticed,  394 

Halliwell-Phillipps,  J.  O.,  his  death,  192 

Hameline,  Abb.,  52 

Hamilton,  Hans  Claude,  his  "  Calendar  of 
State  Papers,  Ireland,"  noticed,  380 

Hamilton,  W.  D.,  his  "  Calendar  of  State 
Papers  (Domestic  series),"  noticed, 
371 

Hamo,  son  of  Geoffrey,  297 

Hampshire,  23,  24,  40,  76  ;  Sheriff  of,  297  ; 
303 

Hampton,  de,  29 

Hampton,  in  Gersdon,  36 

Hampton  Maisey,  36n,  299,  298 

Hampton  Ridware,  89 

Hamtonford,  de,  293 

Hanbury,  76, 107 

Handeley,  276 

Hanewere,  365 

Hangerby,  365 

Hanbam,  248 

Hanley,  347 

Hanley,  Abbot,  239,  241 

Hanley  Castle,  277,  278 

Hara  de,  318 

Hardinge,  124,  254,  255 

Hardreshall,  102 

Harescombe,  141,  145,  303,  305,  328 

Harewell,  108,  362,  366 

Harevvood,  360 

Harswell,  73 

Harte,  69 

Hartlebury,  240,  243 

Hartshorne,  A.,  210,  211 

Harvey,  104 

Haseldene,  283 

Hasele,  de,  123,  124 

Haseleye,  Little,  367 

Haseley,  Rectory,  Oxon,  223 

Hasfield,  313,  319 

Hastings,  26,  294,  297 

Hastings,  de,  29,  36,  284 

Hastings,  Eaton.— See  Baton  Hastings 

Hatherop,  M.,  314 

Hathewy,  368 

Hattare,  le,  355 

Hatton,  332 

Havarde,  276 

Hawkins,  332 

Hawle,  139 

Hawtrey,  113 

Hay,  359 

Hay,  of  Hereford,  The,  18 

Hayles,  Abbey,  231,  234,  240,  247 

Hayermede,  361 

Hearne,  Tho.,  224 

Herbert,  347 

Hela,  de.  289 

Helme,  de,  358 


Hemming,  Rev.  B.  P.,  receives  the  Society 

at  Postlip  Chapel,  201,  202,  214 
Hempsted  338 
Henbury,  M.,  319 
Henefield,  atte,  145 
Henry  I.,  K.,  228,  278,  29S,  302 
Henry  II.,  Emp.,  102,  251,  254,  285,  2S8n. 
Henry  II.,  K.,  350n. 
Henry  III.,  K.,  20,  21,  22,  22n,  23, 118, 141, 

237,  242,  255,  288n. 
Henry  V.,  K.,  232,  234 
Henry  VI  ,  K.,  232,  234 
Henry  VII.,  K  ,235 
Henry  VIII.,  K.,  221,  222,  243 
Henry,  son  of  Fabri,  53,  59 
Henryes,  355 

Hemstall,  Ridware,  101,  104 
Hentelove,  53 
Heraldry,  Dictionary   of,  by  C.  L.  Elvin, 

M.A.,  noticed,  184 
Herbert,  107,  113 
Hereford,  Bps.  of,  268,  277,  283,  284,  318, 

319,  328,  328n,  329,  331,  332,  334,  335. 

337,  348,  349,  350,  351,  351n. 
Hereford,  Castle,  331 
Hereford,  City,  245,  246 
Hereford,  Convent,  349 
Hereford,  Co.,  76,  291n,  304,  311,  320,  357 
Hereford,  Ch.  of,  328,  335 
Hereford,  de,  302,  303,  304,  304n,  305 
Hereford,  Dean  and  Precentor  of,  3J5.338, 

349,  354 
Hereford,  Deans  of,  52,  352 
Hereford,  Earls  of,  26,  27,  243,  244,  283, 

303,  305,  311 
Hereford,  Hon.  of,  144n. 
Hereford,  Little,  26 
Herevard,  284 
Herkebaud,  46 
Herlowin,  293 
Hertford,  261 
Hesding,  de,  314 
Hestbacheswey,  365 
Hewelsfield,  357 
Hexham,  135 
Heyeweye,  362 
Hiatt,  259 

Hidcote,  Bartham,  73,  108 
Highworth  Church,  Wilts,  214 
Hildesley,  311 
Hill,  or  Hulle,  282 
Hinchwike,  246 
Hinckesman,  337,  338 
Hind,  152 

Hintone,  M.,  56,  57,  61 
Hocton,  de,  293 
Hodenakesputte,  365 
Hodenales  wood,  363 
Hoel  Dha,  136,  137 
Holdsworth,  347 
Holebrok,  36  a 
Holecumbe,  147,  153,  299 
Holeway,  361 
Holewaysude,  362 
Holines,  364 
Holland,  109,  110,  111 
Holme,  267,  277,  278 
Holme  Castle,  267,  277 
Holmerstowe,  368 
Holtleye,  151,  152,  159 
Holton,  83 

Holwardines  Cross,  366 
Holyene,  363 

Holyrood,  Edinburgh,  Hagoday  at,  140 
Honyburn,  Cow,  290 
Hook,  347 
Hooper,  67n. 


406 


INDEX. 


Hope,  87,  88, 267, 190,  360 

Hopestiesford,  367 

Hopewy,  362 

Horewalle,  363,  364 

Horfield,  Ch.,  125,  130 

Home,  225 

Horse  Bridge,  246 

Horsley,  Priors  of,  20 

Horton,  Abbot,  239,  241 

Horwood,  249 

Hosington,  24 

House,  333 

Hudd,  A.  E.,  F.  S.  A.,  the  Proceedings  of 
the  Clifton  Antiquarian  Club,  edited 
by  him,  noticed,  183,  184  ;  at  Chelten- 
ham, 189  ;  re-elected  on  Council,  192-3 

Hudleston,  235,  242 

Hugh  Magnus,  102,  269 

Hugh,  parvus,  301,  304,  306 

Hugh,  son  of  Lawrence,  54 

Hughes,  1,  347 

Hulke,  359 

Humphrey,  son  of  William,  306 

Hungerford,  226 

Hunt,  80n,  97 

Hunt,  William,  Abbot,  130 

Hunteforde,  249 

Huntley,  324 

Hunter,  75,  10S 

Huntingdon,  Archd.  of,  352 

Huntingdon,  Henry  E.  of,  109 

Huntsham,  357,  359 

Huskarle,  101 

Hussey,  256 

Hyde,  334 

Hyett,  F.  A.,  Projects  Publication  of  a 
Bibliographical,  Gloucestershire,  192  ; 
Auditor,  220 ;  his  Astrolabe,  321 


Iffley,  6 

Illger,  52 

Ina,  K.  of  Wessex,  134 

Ingram,  Dr.,  78,  213 

In  Memoriam, Harry  Mengden  Scarth,163  ; 

William  Henry  Paine,  M.  D.,  370 
Inscriptions,  Monumental,  89-95  214,  226, 

232,  243,  244,  291 
Inscriptions,  Roman,  3 
"  Introduction  to  English  Economic  Hist. 

and  Theory,"  by  W.  J.  Ashley,  noticed 

375 
Inventory  of  Farm  Implements,  02 
Ireland,  244 
"  Ireland  under  the  Tudors,"  by  Richard 

Bagwell,  M.A.,  3  volumes  ;   Vol.  III. 

385 
Isabella,  sister  of  K.  Henry  III.,  23 
Isis,  riv.,  224,  225,  226,  23U,  248 
Ivy  Castle,  232 
Iwelege,  see  Uley 

Jackson,  96 

James,  I.,  K.,  81 

Jeayes,  J.  H.,  communicates  "Roll  of  the 

Abbots  of  S.  Augustines, Bristol,"  117- 

130 
Jeff,  191 
Jeffereis,  118 
Jelesdona,  de,  292 
Jenner,  Dr.,  3 
Joanne,  St.,  283 
John,  Abbot,  127 
John,  K  ,  18,  22n,  28,  30, 141,  142,  277,  303, 

303n 
John,  son 'of  William,  57 
John's,  St.,  Bridge,  224,  225,  226 


Jolyff,  79,  80 
Jones,  106 
Joseph,  46 
Joseph,  Abbot,  127 
Judge,  F.,  1S2 
Justice,  355 


Kaderichesok,  364 

Kalmundesdon,  see  Calmesden 

Kainsham.  see  Cainsham 

Kaily,  29,  30,  30n,  31,  33,  34n 

Kay,  Sir  Brook,  at  Cheltenham,  189;  pro- 
poses a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  President, 
200;  thanks  Mr.  Vassar-Smith,  and  Mr. 
Agg-Gardiner,  212  ;  gives  toasts,  214 

Kaynes,  de.  25.  26,  27,  28 

Kederekesoc,  366 

Kemble,  248,  312 

Kempsford,  M.,  314,  315 

Kenebelle,  de,  310 

Kenelin,  St.,  K.,  232,  233 

Kenesleye,  358 

Keneseye,  350 

Kenred,  268 

Kensdale,  246 

Kensham,  64,  99 

Kent,  Church  Plate  of,  Part  II.,  by  Rev. 
W.A.Scott  Robertson,  «o(tc<;d,391-392 

Kent,  co.,  290,  291n 

Kenulph,  K.,  232,  233,  268 

Keyerikesok,  366 

Keyt,  73,  94,  108 

Kidderminster,  Abbot,  232 

Kilpeck,  26 

Kimbis,  de,  293 

Kineburge,  Abbess,  237,  241 

Kingesok,  364 

Kingesperche,  364 

Kingsholme,  de,  18 

Kingston,  80n,  98,  283,  325' 

King's  rode,  248 

Kingston  Russell,  Dorset,  306 

Kingswood,  249 

Kingswood  Abbey,  249,  256,  258,  261,  279, 
283,  300,  301 

King-ton,  53,  59,  61 

Kinsell,  103 

Knappe,  118 

Knappestyesforde,  3f6 

Knappestyesenese,  366 

Knightlev,  104 

Knightwike,  Wore,  61,  63 

Knowle,  223 

Knull,  Edm.  de,  Abbot,  128 

Knyghton,  331 

Knyte,  le,  145,  159 

Koctere  Cross,  366 

Kokschtesfelde,  367 

Konhop,  358 

Kylpeck,  de  18,  37 

Kyngcot,  79 

Kynmerton,  Ch.,  36 

Lacu,  de,  366 

Lacu,  see  Lea  Ba'dley. 

Lacy,  de,  16,  25,  37,  238,  239,  240,  318,  331 

Lagabit,  292 

Lake,  Serjeanty  of,  16— See  also  Lea 

Bailley. 
Landea,  meaning  of,  358n 
Landomar,  293 
Langley,  37,  225 

Langtree,  Hund.,  24n,  28,  37,  143 
Lankford,  Ch.,  7 
Lanthony,  Prior  of,  20,  31,  33n,  332,  231, 

335,  349,  349n 


IXDEX. 


407 


Lanthony  Priorv,  143n,  203,  237,  244,  245, 

304,  329,  334,  335,  346,  349,  360,  351, 

352,  353,  354 
Lasey,  16,  17 
Lasseborough,  36, 27 
Lasseborough,  de,  26,  27 
Lasteles,  55 
Latimer,  John,  his    "  Leland's  Itinerary 

in  Gloucestershire,"  221-284 
Latinelad,  248 
Lattar,  de,  45 
Laud,  Archb.,  84 
Laverstock,  43n 
Lavington,  de,  318 
Laweore,  369 

Lawrence,  210,  211,  332,  333,  334,  347 
Lawson,  222 
Laycock,  Wilts,  12 
Lea  Bailley,  (Lacu),  Bailiwick,  16,  357,  366, 

367,  369 
Lea,  The,  Herts.,  69,  99 
Leckhampton,  44,  45,  308,  320 
Leche,  de,  23 
Lechlade,  225,  226 
Leckhampton,  7 
Lecumbe,  281 
Ledbury,  230 

Leche  Cecilia,  see  Eastleche. 
Lega,  de,  32,  34 
Leicester,  Earls  of,  316 
Leigh,  VV.,  189;  proposes  resolution,  193 
Leigh,  Som.,  M.,  129,  130 
"Leland's  Itinerary  of  Gloucestershiie," 

by  John  Latimer,  221-284 
Lemington,  281 
Le'Petit,  304 
Lesquier,  42 
Lethieullier,  334 
Leukenor,  276 
Lewisham,  334 
Leuric,  308 
Leyland,  266 
"Liber  Niger,"  Remarks  on  by  Sir  Henry 

Barkly,  K.C.B.,  K.U.M.G.,&c.,2t:5-320 
Lidne.\e,  366,  369 
Lightbourne,  334 
Lincoln,  121 
Lincoln,  Bishops  of,  244 
Lincoln,  de,  3u6,  314,  315 
Lincolnshire,  21,  208 
Lindesey,  244 
Lipiate,  281 
Lirmonth,  276 
Lisle.  359 

Little  Marcle,  76,  107 
Livett,  28n 
Llandaff,  125 
Llanhandeney,  244 
Lloyd,  1 
Lockhead,  189 
Loddelowe,  de,  353 
Lodebrok,  365 
Lodebrokesreode,  365 
Loes,  St.,  260 
Loggan,  97 
Lokington,  de,  301 
London,  222,  228,  234,  317,  339 
"  London  City  Churches,  St.   Botoloph," 

by  A.    W.  Cornelius   Hallen,   M.A„ 

noticed,  390 
London,  de,  292 
London,  Tower  of.  72,  99 
London,  Old,  St.  Paul's,  Gleanings  from, 

by  Dr.  W.  Sparrow  Simpson,  noticed, 

170-172 
Long,  Win.,  Abbot,  127 


Longford,  de,  159,  337 

Longchamp,  284 

Longerende,  363,  367 

Longetot,  de,  358 

Longmede,  3S9 

Long  stone,  365 

Longtree,  Hund.,see  Langtree 

Lontedone,  249 

Lorha  Abbey,  138 

Lorraine,  lip.  of,  328  32Sn 

Louis,  King  of  Prance,  21 

Loughborough,  73,  298 

Louth,  Prior  of,  21 

Lovel,  283,  309,  311 

Lovetot,  102 

Luce  Cross,  36S 

Lucius,  K.,  133 

Lucy,  105,  108 

Ludlow,  240 

Luke,  293 

Lupus,  E.  of  Chester,  102 

Lypiatt,  M.,  144,  144n 

Lyplofe,  354 


Machunswall,  363 

Maclean,  Sir  John,  8n,  15n,  16n  ;  his 
"  History  of  the  Manor  and  Advow- 
son  of  Clifford,  60  ;  b6  ;  his  Remarks 
on  Ancient  Church  Plate  at  Clifford, 
87-^9  ;  117 ;  appointed  Delegate  to  the 
Archaeological  Congress,  191 ;  Excava- 
tion of  Roman  Villa  at  Tockington 
Park,  192  ;  his  Account  for  Excava- 
tions of  Roman  Villa  at  Tockington 
Park,  216-219  ;  296n,  30Un  ;  his  "  Per- 
ambulation of  the  Forest  of  Dene,  10 
Ed.  I.,"  356-369 

Madington,  Wilts.,  39 

Maisey,  de,  36,  292,  296 

Maitland,  16n 

Jlakerel,  276 

Magason,  267 

Malcolm  Canmore,  K.,  75, 102 

Malemvilier,  de,  3t9,  312 

Malmesbury,  Richard,  de,  127 

Malmsbury,  229,  231 

Malton,  de,  353 

Maltravers,  31  n,  34n 

Malverne,  267 

Maminot,  28,  2S9n 

Mandeville,  de,  109,  270,  279,  2C4 

Mangotsrield,  256 

Mansel,  44,  309,  312 

Mapele,  la,  148,  148n 

Mara,  de,  24,  26,  284,  291,  295,  358 

Marche,  de  la,  -/0 

Marche,  see  Mercia,. 

Marci,  de,  293 

Mare,  de  la,  18,  42,  42n,  44 

iVlareford,  329,  367 

Marescallus,  54 

Margaret,  y.,  276 

Marina,  John,  de,  127 

Marisco,  de,  309 

Mariscoe,  Salso,  de,  294,  see  Saltmavsh 

Market  Towns  in  Gloucestershire,  247 

Marlborough,  224 

Marlebrugge,  367 

Marlewall,  367 

Marleway,  364 

Marlwood  Park,  112,  262 

Marrowe,  63,  92,  92n,  93,  99 

Marry s,  de,  16n,  el.  Sin,  82 

Marsliall,  95,  i70,  290,  291,  2'Jln 

Marshtield,  260,  279 


40S 


INDEX. 


Martel,  29,  143 
Martin,  82,  106 

Martin,  Edward,  his  "  Glimpses  into  Na- 
ture's Secrets,"  noticed,  378 
Martin,  R.  T.,  re-elected  on  Council,  192 
Martines  Coksute,  365 
Mason,  74,  82,  332 
Massey,  111 
Ma-svndon,  146,  147,  148,  149,   150,   151, 

152,  153,  154,  156,  157,  158,  159,  160 
Mastcl,  157 
Masters,  347 
Matherne,  visit  to,  211 
Mathew,  323 

Matilda,  Q.,  50,  51,  269,  278 
Matilda,  the  Empress,  65,  120,  121,   286, 

303,  3(i3n 
Matthews,  1 

Maude,  d.  of  Henry  II.,  285,  285n 
Mauger,  58 
Maungeant.  238,  241 
Maunsel,  142,  144,  144n,  352,  358 
Mauretania,  de,  40 
Maydcnstone,  de,  330 
Maylesoot,  365 

Mayo,  Rev.  Charles  Herbert,  his  "  Somer- 
set and  Dorset  Notes  and  Queries," 
noticed,  393 
Mediamnis,  Isle  of,  245 
Melun,  Bp.,  350,  350n 
Merbroc,  359,  361,  362 
Merchant,  the  46,  46 
Mercia,  Kings  of,  237,  238,  239,  240,  241, 

268 
Merinerudinge  broke  362 
Meroky,  363 
Merruede,  367 
Mersiche,  359 
Merstowe,  360,  367 
Mersty,  361,  363,  365,  366,  367 
Meschines,  de,  102 
Meyrick,  332 
Michael,  299 
Michel  Tewe,  Wore,  63 
Mickleton,  73 
Micklethwaite,  89 
Middlesex,  Co.,  73,  74,  319 
Middleton,  57 

Middleton,  Prof.  J.  H.,  200  ;  read  a  Paper 
comparing  Roman    Domestic  Archi- 
tecture in  Rome,  with  similar  Archi- 
tecture in  this  country,  205  ;  206  ;  his 
Address  on  the  Roman  Villa,  Spoonley 
wood.  209,  210,  211  ;  his  remarks  on 
Withington      Church,     213-214  ;    on 
Chedworth  Roman  Villa,  ib.;  215 
Milcote,  78,  281 
Miller,  334 
Mills,  189 
Milo   Fitz  Walter,  Earl  of  Hereford,  244 

283,  302,  305,  311,  329,  334,  348 
Minchinhampton,  230,  296n 
Mineriis,  de,  302,  306,  319 
Mireford,  283 
Moderii,  302 
Mogg,  106 
Molindinarius,  53 
Monachus,  24,  40,  40n,  41 
Mone  (Monnow),  riv.,  246 
Monk,  The,  24,  4(1,  40n 
Monkenedich,  367 
Monmouth,  246,  318,  366 
Monmouth,  de,  16,  2 In,  44,  45,  318,  319, 

320 
Monmouth,  Geoffiy,  133 
Monmouthshire,  2b9n 
Montacute,  111 


Montchesney,  30,  33n 
Montgomery,  36,  298 
Montford,  22,  27,  292 
Monuments,  Sepulchral,  2,  89-95, 226,  232, 

343,  344 
Moorhead, Warren  K.,  his  "  Fort  Ancient " 

noticed,  373 
More,  de  la,  363 
Morell,  103 

Mortaine,  Dean  of,  340 
Morfurlong,  362 
Morgan,  64,  S6,  87,  98 
Morin,  de,  289 
Morris,  97,  334,  338 
Mort  de  Freyt,  de,  158 
Morteyn,  102,  298 
Mortimer,  110,  111 
Morton,  332,  342 
Moseleye,  358,  361,  362,  363 
Moster'ton,  Ch.  Plate  at,  470 
Morwent,  Abb,,  239,  240,  242 
Moulshoe,  104,  105 
Mountfoid,  111 
Mountnorris,  75 
Mountnorris,  E.  of,  106 
Morwode-enese,  365 
Moyne,  le,  24,  39,  39n,  40,  41,  284 
Muchegros,  de,  364,  368 
Mulebache,  359,  367 
Muncius,  240 

Mundublel,  de,  313,  314,  315,  316 
Mundublel,  Pagan,  de,  his  Knights,  313- 

315 
Munedcde,  meaning  of,  359n 
Murdac,  302,  305,  306,  306n,  313n 
Mu sard,  318,  331 
Mustel,  143 
Mutton,  de,  36,  36n 

Nan  ton,  246 

Nason,  95 

Necham,  228 

Nerbert,  de,  292 

Netherweston,  366 

Nettlecombe,  86,  87,  88,  89 

Nevill,  31n.,  110,  111 

Newark,  244 

Newbury,  313,  315 

Newbery,  Walter,  Abbot,  129 

Newborough,  276 

Newcomene,  58 

Neweman,  57 

Newent,  192,  246,  357 

Newent,  Prior  of,  20 

Newerende,  360 

Newerne,  359,  363,  364,  367 

Newernehey,  364 

Newernrede,  364,  367 

Newington  Bagpath,  299,  317 

Newinn'ton,  de,  296 

Newland,  363,  364 

Newland,  Abbot,  his  Roll,  117,  US,  119, 
130 

Newmarch,  de,  109,  239,  243,  302.  309, 310, 
311,  312,  313,  319 

Newmarch,  Henry,  de,  his  Knights,  309- 
310 

Newmore,  358 

Newnham,  235,  243,  245,  303 

Newport  Pagnel,  104 

Naworth  Castle,  105 

"  Newspaper  Reporting,''  by  John  Pendle- 
ton, noticed,  379 

Newveton  (?  Newington),  293 

Newton,  249 

Nibley,  259 

Nicholas,  332,  333 


IXDEX. 


409 


Nicolas,  Sir  Harris,  307 

Nicholls,  Rev.  H.  G.,  357 

Nicholson,  347 

Nightingale,  J.  E.,  his  "  Treatise  on  the 

Ch.   Plate   of  the  Diocese  of  Sarum, 

Archdeaconry  of  Dorset,"  noticed,U5 
Nind,  337 
Norensis,  de,  294 
Norfolk,  co.,  8 
Normandy,  Dukes  of,  8, 30S 
Morris,  Archdeacon,  117 
Norris,  Hugh,  his  "  Somerset.   &  Dorset 

Notes  and  Queries,"  noticed,  393 
Northamptonshire,  226 
Northaston,  98 
Northleach,  224,  225,  247,  333 
Northleach  Brook,  224 
Northlepegate,  367 
Northumberland,  co.,  306 
Northumberland,  K.  of,  244 
Norwich,  St.  Gregory's  Oh. ,  Hagoday  at, 

132 
"Notes  and   Gleanings,''   Edited   by   W. 

Cotton,  F.S.A.,    and    James    Dallas, 

F.L.S.,  noticed,  395 
Nottingham,  318 
Nunne,  Eiton,  Wilts,  226 


Oakley,  312 

Oddo  &  Doddo,  263,  269,  278 

Odo,  the  Goldsmith,  293 

Okington  Park,  280 

Okwodebroke,  363,  364 

Oldbury,  M.,  314 

Oldefold,  358,  360 

Olderende,  360 

Old  Ford,  Bow,  73 

"  Old  Tools,"  Paper  on,  by  |Mr.  R.  Taylor, 

205 
Oldtune,  360 
Olney,  or  Alney,  247 
Ordingeton,  de,  307,  309 
Ori,  le,  57,  58 
Osberne,  240,  242,  318 
Osirus,  K.,  238 
Osleworth,  3U0,  317 
Osric,  K.,  237,  238,  240,  241 
Oswald,  243,  244 
Oures,  360 
Overton,  268 
Overtone,  57 
Oweres,  M.,  Dorset,  40n 
Owseburne,  245 
Oxford,  All  Souls'  College,  221 
Oxford,  co.,  6,  25n,  26,  42,  63,  64,  75,  81n, 

225,  281,  291n,  332 
Oxford,  Earl  of,  315 
Oxford,  Trinity  Coll.,  Ch.  Plate  at,  168 

Pagum,  366 

Paine,  W.  H.,  M.D.,  In  Memoriam,  370 

Painswick,  160,  161,  324,  325 

Palmer,  2S1 

Palmere,  le,  354,  360 

Palmerius,  57 

Parker,  Abb.,  80,  239,  242 

Parkinson,  Rev.   Thomas,  his"Yorkshi 

Legends  and  Traditions  "  noticed,  185, 

186 

Parry,  65,  89,  91,  98,  192 
Parrye,  347 
Parseteway,  361 
Parys.  104 
Passelew,  23,  38-47,  284 


"  Passing  Thoughtsof  a  Working  Man," 

by  Herbert  Cloudesley,'no£tced,  379 
Pate  332 

Patr]ck,*Earl,  314,  315,  316 
Paul,  13n 

Pauncefot,  237,  309,  312,  313 
Payebwallebroke,  362 
Payne,  89 
Pearce,  2, 189,  347 
Peche,  101 
Peckham,  Archb.,  203 

Pedigrees  — 

Annesley,  101,  104,  105,  106,  107 

Beauchamp,  275 

Bohun,  109,  110 

Booth,  111,  112,  113 

Brocas,  103, 105 

Bret,  le,  144 

Bruce,  102 

Chester,  Earls  of,  102 

Cotton,  101,  104, 105 

Dighton,  107,  108 

Mortimer,  111 

Nevill  Richard,  Earl  of  Warwick.de 
scendents  of,  275 

Plantagenet,  110,  111 

Rainsford,  9S,  99 

Ridware,  101 

Roches,  103 

St.  John,  111,  112 

Saxon,  Princes,  102 

Scotland,  Kings  of,  102 

Stafford,  110,  112 

Tyndale,  112 

Wessenham,  102,  105 
Pedmore  Ch.,  co.  Wore,  203 
Pembroke,  Earls  of,  242,  290,  291 
Pendleton,  John,  his  "Newspaper  Report- 
ing," noticed,  279 
Pennard,  de,  294 
Percy,  110 
Peritune,  de,  358 
Perkins,  V.  R.,  at  Berkeley,  1 ;  acts  as 

Guide  at  the  Castle,  3 ;  his  remarks 

thereon,  3-4 
Pershore,  247 

Pershore  Abbey,  267,  268,  289n. 
Pert,  333 
Petit,  Rev.  J.  L.,  his  notes  on  Swindon 

Church,  200  ;  on  Stoke  Orchard  Ch., 

201 ;  on  Postlip  Chapel,  ib.,  202  ;  his 

notes  on  Postlip  Hall  and  Chapel, 206, 

207  ;  Sevenhampton,  339,  340 
Petiteford,  361 
Petty,  347 
Philip,  ap,  111 
Philip,  son  of  Ernulf,  301 
Philipps,  104 
Phillipps,  333n. 
Picard,  302 
Picton  Castle,  104 

Piddesmore,  de,  143,  147, 150, 152, 153, 154 
Pierpoint,  101 
Pileswalle,  364 
Pinkeni,  de,  302 
Pinoke  Well,  246 
Pirie,  de,45,  47,  346 
Pirihale,  366 
Pirihalethorne,  366 
Piriheye,  360 

Pitchcombe.— See  Pychenecumbe 
Planca,  de,  124,  284,  299,  301 
Plantagenet,  109, 110,  120,  278,  280,  315 
Playne,  191 
Plecy.de,  103 
Poer,  de,  207 


410 


INPEX. 


Poictou,  22n,  280 

Pole,  110,  112 

Polesworth,  98 

Pomeroy,  de,  292 

Ponto,  de,  46 

Pope,  T.  S.,  re-elected  on  Council,  192 

Pormont,  de,  293 

Poita,  de,  55,  58,  238,  241 

Portman's  Tower,  23* 

Postlip  Hall  and  Chapel   visited  by  the 

Society,  305,  306 ;   Mr.  Petit's  Notes 

on,  ib.,  207,  211 
Potheridge,  Devon,  40n. 
Poughley,  Prior,  129 
Pouncefoot,  242 
Powell,  81 
Power,  104 
Powlet,  M. .  130 

Poyntz,  25S,  282,  292,  296,  226n. 
Prentue,  42 
Prestbury,  267,  268,  283,  328,  329,  330,  331, 

333,  334,  335,  349,  350,  351,  352,  353, 

354,  354n. 
Prestcote,  278 
Priest's  acre,  153n. 
Price,  Rev.  H.  T.,  his  death,  192 
Prinkard,  1,  189 ;  re-elected  on  Council, 

194 
Prinknash,  240,  243 
Prouse,  64,  99 
Puber,  319 
Puckcombe,  333,  353 
Pucklechurch,  266 
Pukeputteswey,  367 
Pulgcombe,  352 
Pulle,  la  361,  362 
I'ulton,  Priory,  Wilts,  226 
Purefoy,  223 
Pustanesbroke,  363 
Pychenecumbe  (Pitchcombe)   Documents 

relating-  to,  by   the    Kev.  J.  M.  Hall, 

141 ;  divers  field  names  in,  142,  143  ; 

328 
Pyrhales,  359 
Pyrton,  281 


Quedgley,  244 
Quiney,  71 
Quinton,  de,  292,  295 
(^uinton,  recluse  at,  8n. 
Quinton,  St.  de,  23,  303,  304 


Racket,  136 

Raden,  de,  313 

Rainsden,  de,  36 

Rainsford  family,  60.  61,  62,  64,  65,  66,  67, 

68,  69,  70,  71,  72,  73,  77,  78,  79,  81,  S5, 

89,  90,  91,  92,  93,  94,  99 
Raleigh,  333 
Randy,  367 
Randwick,  325 

Ranulph,  Earl  of  Chester,  100 
Rapsgate,  Hund.,  24,  30,  32,  34 
Ravenhulle,  de,  143,  146, 14$,  149, 150, 151, 

152,  153 
Rawe,  57 
Reading,  107,  324 
Rede,  113  230 
Redeford,  de,  289 
Redin,  de,  145 
Redmor,  363 
Redvers,  de,  15 
Reed,  355 
Reeves,  332 
Reinbald,  229 


Reini,  de,  292 

Kendcombe,  24,  26,  231,  295 

Report  of  Council,  189  193 

Reric,  52 

Reyner,  355 

Richard,  Abbot,  126 

Richard  I.,  K.,  227,  2S8 

Richard  III.  K.,  230n. 

Richard,  Earl  of  Chester,  102 

Richard,  son  of  Humphrey,  3U9 

Richard,  the  legate,  315 

Ridinge,  367 

Ridvvare,  100,  101,  114 

Ritthwaye,  361 

Rivers,  de  la,  260 

Rivers  in  Gloucestershire,  247 

Robert  Curthose,  238,  239,  242,  243 

Robert,  the  Consul,  102,  252,  254,  278 

Robert,  son  of  William,  57 

Robertson,  Rev.W.  A.  Scott,  his  "  Church 

Plate  in  Kent,"  Part  I.,  noticed,  387 
Roche,  80,  80n,  103 
Roche  Court,  103 
Rochefort,  2S4 
Rockhampton,  31S 

Rodeberwe,  de,  144n,  145,  147,  153  156 
Rodborough,  326 
Rodington,  104 

Rodley,  in  Westbury  Hund.,  17 
Rodleye,  de,  362 
Kodmerton,  de,  28 
Rodmerton,  M.,  28 
Rodolie,  de,  293 
Roet,  110 

Roger  Parvus,  306,  307 
Rogers,  333 

Rollo,  D.  of  Normandy,  273 
Rolright  Stones,  War'r.,  281 
Rome,  350n. 
"Roman    Architecture,"    Paper    on,  by 

Prof.  Middleton,  205 
Roman  Remains,  Spoonlev  Villa,  208-210  ; 
„  „         Chedworth,  214-215 

,,  ,,         Tockington    Park,    pri- 

vate   contributions   for  excavations    and 
accounts,  216-219  ;  257 
Roniulf,  57 

Rous,  le,  143,  145n,  153,  276,  305 
Rowys,  276 
Royce,  Rey.  D.,20S 
Ruan,  St.,  Abbey,  138 
Ruardene,  365 

Ruardene,  Bail.,  16,  357,  359,  365,  366,  376 
Rudele,  361 
Kuful,  Bishop,  132 
Ruggeley:s  Walle,  359 
Rugvvey,  le,  249,  362 
Rumbald,  24,  227 
Russell,  29,  63,  64,  260,  306,  361 
Russellum,  391 
Ruthall,  105,  227,  228 
Rye,  de,  58 
Ryniall,  332 

St.  Brevells,  263,  365,  366,  367,  368 
St.  German,  de,  350 
St.  John,  111,  113 
St.  Maryes,  de,  124 
St.  Maur,  36 
St.  Swithin,  Priory,  21 
Salisbury,  81,  81n,  278 
Salisbury,  Bp.  of,  27 
Salisbury,  Cathedral,  223 
Salisbury,  de,  109,  314 
Salisbury,  Dean  of,  73 
"Salisbury  Diocese,  Church  Plate  of  co. 
Dorset,"  byj.  E.Nightingale,)io«tcerf,16o 


INDEX. 


411 


Salop,  209 

Saltmarsh,  294,  298,  309,  358 

"Sanctuary  Knockers,"  Paper  on,  by  Mrs. 
Bagnall-Oakeley,  131-140,  204 

Sandiwell,  333 

Saric,  43n. 

Saumarez,  1S9 

Savaricus,  Bp.,  267 

Saxony,  Duke  of,  285 

Scardeburgh,  80 

Scarth,  Rev.  Harry  Mengden,  Prebend,  of 
Wells— In  Memoriam,  163-164 

Scetaresforde,  360,  365,  366,  367 

Schepesty,  367 

Schipton,  see  Shipton. 

Schipton,  de,  24 

Schutaresford,  367 

Scipweye,  382 

Scireburne,  289, 290,  350 

Scotland,  267 

Scots,  Mary,  Q.,  92 

"  Scottish  Antiquary,"  The,  edited  by  Rev. 
A.  W.  Cornelius  Hallen,  noticed,  304 

Scrope,  Lady,  139 

Scrupa,  307,  308,  309 

Scrupa,  de,  Robert,  his  Knights,  307 

Seyttechroneforde,  361,  366 

Secrim,  145,  145n. 

Sebroke,  Abb.,  239,  241 

Selby,  W.  D.,  47 

Selman,  73,  108 

Seniannus,  52 

Seotelinda,  365 

Serjeanties  in  Forest  of  Dene,  16,  17,  18, 
19 

Serlo,  227,  238,  239,  241 

Sesincot,  de,  346,  350 

Sevenhampton,  de,  355 

Sevenhampton,  Church,  210  ;  350,  351,352, 
353,  354 

Sevenhampton,  M.,  319,  352 

Seven  Hundreds  :  viz.,  Cirencester,  Brad- 
ley, Britwoldsbury,  Bisley,  Kapsgate, 
Langtree  and  Whitson,  21n,  23,  37  ; 
227 

Severn,  Riv.,  235,  236,  243,  244,  245-247, 
258,  262,  263,  266,  268,  277,  357 

Seymore,  147 

Seymour,  276 

Seyntleye,  359 

Seyrrugeforde,  361 

Seyrrugge,  367 

Shackle,  139 

Shaftesbury,  273 

Shalyngeford,  Harry,  Abbot,  128 

Shawe,  atte,  355 

Shay,  de,  124 

Sheepscombe,  325 

Sheperugge,  359,  360 

Sherborne,  Abbev,  7 

Sherborne,  M.,  290 

Shenindon,  295 

Shetersforde,  359 

Shrewsbury,  Roger,  E.  of,  298,  see  Mont- 
gomery 

Shirlev,  104 

Shipton,  24,  36,  39,  40,  40n,  332,  333 

Shipton,  de,  41n.,42 

Side,  M.,  29,  30,  30n,  31n,  33n,  34n. 

Sidney,  67 

Silvestre,  58 

Simon,  268 

Simpson,  Dr.  W.  Sparrow, his  "Gleanings 
from  Old  St.  Paul's"  noticed,  170-172 

Sindithurst,  342 

Sinne,  54 

Sintelt,  de,  331 


Sion,  Convent  12 

Sireman,  360 

Siston,  123.  260 

Skinner,  189 

Skipton,  24,  41 

Skipwith,  333 

Sklatter,  80n. 

Slaughter,  Hund.,  18 

Slaughter,  par.,  64,  99,  246 

Slepersthorne,  366 

Sley,  de,  42 

Slimbridge,  300,  304 

Smalebrok,  361,  365 

Smart,  97 

Smith,  82,  82n,  86,  192 

Smitheswey,  365 

Smithfield'st.  Barth.,  8 

Snappe,  de,  358 

Sned,  le,  363 

Snowe,  Edm.  de,  Abbot,  128 

Sodbury,  224,  229,  230,  248,  249,  257,  258 

Sodbury,  Camp,  257 

Sodbury,  Chipping,  258,  260,  265 

Sodbury,  Little,  28,  2Sn,  248,  258,  265,  266, 

323 
Sodington,  Geoffrey,  Cirencester,  37 
Solers,  de,  32,  35,  207,  333,  354 
Solewall,  361 
Somerset,  75  266,  291n 
"Somerset  and  Dorset  Notes  &  Queries," 

edited  by  Hugh   Norris  and  Charles 

Herbert  Mayo,  noticed,  303 
Somerset,  Duke  of,  275 
Somery,  de,  292 
Sondbedderende,  363 
Sorus,  291,  295 
Southam  House,  visited  by  the  Society, 

205  ;  211,  235,  242,  268 
Southants,  co.,  93 
South rop,  297 
Spannewey,  360,  367 
Spence,  Dean.  190, 191 
Spencer,  108,  267,  280 
Spiring,  46 

Sponnegrene,  362,  363,  364 
Sponnerede,  363 
Spoonley  Wood,  Roman  Villa  in,  visited, 

208,  211 
Spure,  366 
Sprynge,  118 
Spylemcn,  146,147,  149,  150,  151,  152,  153, 

156,  159,  160 
Stackhouse,  Rev.  J.  L.,  receives  Society  at 

Berkeley  Ch.,  1 ;  his  remarks  thereon, 

1-3,  190 
Stacey,  Rev.  J.  T.  C,  211 
Stafford,  110,  112,  118,  226 
Staffordshire,  46  75,  89 
Stainling,  de,  319 
Standish  Church,  141  ;  almonry,  159,  160  ; 

Tithe  apportionment,  162  ;  336 
Standish,  M.,  141,  336 
Standish   par.,  141 
Standish,  de,  148,  149,  150,  151, 153,  154, 

155 
Stanesford  ?,  de,   292 
Stanhope,  75,  104 
Stanley,  Regis,  310n. 
Stanley,  St.  Leonards,  240,  243,  298,  299n, 

317 
Stanton,  364,365,  367 
Stanton,  Harold,  104 
Stanway,  231,  268,  276n,  278 
Stapelegge,  302 
Staples'  Inn,  74 
Stapuleg,  361 


412 


INDEX. 


"State  Papers,"  Domestic,  Calendar  of, 
byW.  D.  Hamilton,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  1644- 
1645,  noticed,  371 

,,  Ireland,  Calendar  of.  by  Hans 
Claude  Hamilton,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  1590- 
1596,  noticed,  380 

Staunton,  Bailiwick,  357,  358,  363,  369 

Staunton,  de,  36,  143,  157 

Stauntunesforde,  367 

Staventon,  103 

Stephen,  K.,  117,  121,  254,  286,  349 

Stevenson,  190, 192 

Stodley  Priory,  18,  18n 

Stoke,  18,  256 

Stoke  Archer,  47,  201,  see  also  Stoke  Or- 
chard. 

Stoke  Giffard, 318 

Stoke  Orchard  Church  visited,  201,  202, 
203 

Stoketon,  de,  352 

Stokey,  98 

Stone,  de,  124 

Stonehouse,  de,  143,  148, 150,  291 

Stourton,  de,  41 

Stow,  15,  363 

Stow,  John,  224 

Stowcll,  29,  225 

Stow-on-the-VVold,  97,  246,  247,  281,  333 

Stradewy,  18 

Stratford,  fam.,  201 

Stratford-upon-Avon,  63,  64,  79n,  80,  80n, 
95   97 

Stratton,  29,  105,  333 

Strensham,  63 

Striguil,  Hon.  of,  290,  290n,  291n 

Striguil,  Prior  of,  351 

Strongbow,  239,  242,  243 

Stroud,  321,  370 

Stubbs.  Dr.,  2S5n,  286n 

"  Studies  in  Evolution  and  Biology,"  by- 
Alice  Bodington,  noticed,  377 

Sturminster  Newton,  Church  Plate,  168 

Sturmy,  201 

Stuttebrugge,  358 

Sudeley  Castle,  208,  232,  233,  242,  247 

Sudeley,  de,  143,  158,  266,  306,  307,  309 

Sudeley,  de,  Ralph,  his  Knights,  306 

Sunneworth,  de,  301 

Surman,  203,  204 

Sutton  Poyntz,  282 

Sutton,  Thomas,  Abbot,  129 

Swell,  246 

Suymede,  359 

Swalo,  Cardinal,  255 

Swavne,  S.  H.,  189;  re-elected  on  Coun- 
cil, 192 

Swefforde,  362 

Swindon  Church  visited  by  the  Society, 
200  ;  remarks  on,  by  the  late  Rev.  J.L. 
Petit,  200  ;  compared  with  Ozleworth, 
ib. 

Swereford,  de,  287,  298 

Swinfield,  Bp.,  351n 

Sychetter,  367 

Symonds,  the  late,  Rev.  W.  S.,  348 

Symond's  Yat,  357,  365 


Tabbingeweye,  362 

Tadington,  278 

Tailor,  the  45 

Tainton,  Little,  18,  47 

Talbot,  of  Goodrich,  369 

Talbot,  of  Grafton,  230 

Talbot,  Rev.  the  Hon.,  211 ;  receives  the 

Society  at  Withington  Church,  213 
Tame,  225,  226,  231 


Tancarville,  308 

Tara,  138 

Taulton,  66,  66n 

Taylor,  Rev.  C.  S.,  28,  329 

Taylor,  R.,  M.A.,  reads  a  Paper  on  "  Old 

Tools,"   205  ;    is  thanked,  211  ;    the 

same  printed,  321 
Temple,  161 
Temple,  London,  73 
Terendakes,  St.,  247,  247n 
' '  Testa  de  Nevill  Returns  for  Gloucester," 

by  Sir  HenryBarkley,   K.C.B.,  &c, 

14-47 
Tetbury,  229,  230,  247,  280,  281,  283 
Tetbury,  de,  284 
Tetbury,  M.,  28,  28n 
Tewdesdeburv,  143,  160 
Tewkesbury,  231,  235,  242,  243,  246,  247, 

256,  265,  266,  267,  268,  269,  276n,  277, 

278,  279 
Tewkesbury,  Abbey,  207,  212, 225,  290,  296 
Tewkesbury,  Hon.,  295 
Tewkesbury,  Lordship  of,  50,  51,  201 
Tewkesbury,  M.,  50,  276 
Tewkesbury  Park,  276n 
Tew  Magna,  91,  98 
Texter,  54 
Thames,  riv.,  246 
Thedingworth,  105 
Themifthorp,  112 
Theobalds,  69,  99 
Theocus,  268 
Theodosius,  133,  137 
Thoky,  254 

Thomas,  Archb.  of  York,  238,  241 
Thorel,  46 

Thorp,  Dr.  D.  L.,  his  death,  192 
Thornbury,  112,  192,   238  239,   240,   243, 

245,  261,  298 
Thornbury,  de,  293 
Thormington,  see  Farminnton. 
Throgmorton,  144n,  259,  276,  332,  333 
Thurcaston,  101 
Thurganby,  106 
Thurstanesbrok,  264 
Tickenham,  263 
Tiddington,  96 
Timbrell,  334,  345 
Tintern,  Abb.  of,  283 
Tinthescombe,  de,  358 
Tirel,   36 
Tirley,  319 

Tockington,  M.,  296,  296n 
Tockington  Park,  Roman  Villa  at,  192 
Todington,  231,  233,  234,  235,  306,  307 
Todington  stream,  231 
Tomes,  70,  96 
Toning,  de,  289 
Tooker,  106 
"Tools  and  Implements,   Old,"   remarks 

on,  by  Robert  Taylor,  M.A.,  321-327 
Toulouse,  287 
Torel,  302,  305,  305n 
Torinton,  see  Farmington. 
Tormarton,  260,  261,  314,  314n,  315 
Tormarton,  de,  315 
Torneant,  293 
Torquay,  95 

Tortworth,  259,  260,  311,  312,  333 
Tortworth,  riv.,  262 
Townsend,  332 

Tracev,  231,  234,  237,  278,  306,  307,  334 
Traili,  de,  292 
Trajectus,  231 
Tredington  Church,  Glouc.  visited,  203 ; 

remarks  on,  by  Rev.  John  Green,  ib.  ; 

Plague  at,  204 


INDEX. 


413 


Trcdington,  Glouc.  200 

Tredingdon,  Wore,  67 

Trellemede,  363 

Trellemedesese,  363 

Trenched,  meaning  of,  360n 

Trentham,  75,  104 

Tresham,  276,  2rf 

Tresham  Hall,  2^2 

Trewsbury,  25,  26,  29 

Trinley,  319 

Troncester,  (sic),  Abb.,  242 

1  rotman,  201 

Trovts,  Col.,  189 

Trusted,  1 

Tudor,  235.  267 

Tumour,  61 

Turri,  de,  294 

Turstin,  310 

Turville,  de,  24,  25,  318 

Tutbury,  69 

Twining,  23, 268 

Tvndale,  77,  S3,  106,  107,  112 


Ugina,  de,  330 
Uley,  de,  2S4,  299,  301 
Uley  Tumulus,  191 
Ulfinyenok, 363 
Umberley,  293 
Umfraville,  292 
Underwood,  225 
Upcote,  333 
Upton,  IS,  245 
Urman,  270 


Valentia,  Viscount,  75 

Valery,  St.,  283,  284 

Valery,  St.,  Barony,  28 

Valoniis,  292 

Vassar-Smith,  (President),  at  Berkeley, 
1 ;  at  Cheltenham,  189  ;  elected  Vice- 
President,  192  ;  is  thanked  as  Presi- 
dent, 212 

Vasbaches,  359 

Vastlachesrende,  360 

Vaux,  276 

Veel,  283,  284 

Venables,  104,  111 

Vere,  313,  315,  316,  318 

Vernon,  81,  103 

Villiers,  de,  293 

Vineyard,  240,  243 

Visses  Croft.  359 

Vokshalegrene,  365 

Vuerhunteneforde,  359 


Wadeham,  260 
Wake,  293 
Wainman,  346 
Waloerg,  de,  293 
Walbervne,  124 
Walch,*248,  257,  292,  296 
Waldegrave,  113 
Waldeschief,  101 
Waldinges,  361 
Waldingesworthine,  363,  364 
Walemore,  358,  359 
Walery,  St  ,  see  Valery. 
Wales,  246,  291n,  334 
Waleworth,  19 
Waller,  F.  W.,  190 
Wallingford  College,  225 
Wallingford,  Hon.,  28 
Walpole,  St.  Andrew's,  Norfolk.,  recluse's 
cell  at,  8 


Walraund,  44 

Waltheof,  barl,  102 

Walter,  the  Constable,  295,  303,  304 

Walter,  son  of  Yvonis,  56 

Walton,  Cardiff,  290 

Warburton,  113 

Wareham,  7,  12 

Warimund,  de,  284 

Warniwalle,  366 

Warren,  72,  1S9,  207 

Warrenne,  de,  40n 

Wartokesey,  364 

V\  arwick,  Co.,  53,  59,  64,  65,  66,  68,  70,  78, 
92,  96,  281 

Warwick,  Earl  of,  59,  258,  260,  363 

Waspail,  292 

Waterbach  Farm,  210 

Wathen,  323 

Watts,  82,  S2n,  97,  108,  332 

Wayte,  79,  7Kn 

Webster,  Rev.  G.  E.,  203,  211 

Welle,  atte,  354,  355 

Wellington,  2»4 

Wells,  78,  231,  266 

Wenlok,  275 

Wenman,  332,  337 

Wenrich,de,  289 

Wenrich,  IS 

Wapley,  M.,  299 

Werstanus,  267 

Wessenham,  102,  105 

West,  77 

Westbrok,  267 

Westbury,  Hund.,  17 

Westbury-on-Severn,  246.  304 

"  Western  Antiquary  "  The,  edited  by  W. 
H.  K.  Wright,  noticed,  394 

Wethered,  E.,  Hon.  Treas.,  Cheltenham, 
189,  211 ;  Guide  at  Chedworth,  215 

Westmede,  358 

Westminster,  Abb.  of,  289n,  313,  319 

Westminster,  Sanctuary  at,  134,  140 

Weston,  320 

Weston  Birt,  37,  143,  144 

Westwell,  Oxon,  297 

Whaddon,  334 

Whateley,  276 

Whistler,  98 

White,  347 

White's  Hill,  325 

Whiteney,  281 

Whitewell,  333 

Whitney,  111 

Whitmaster,  237 

Whitstan  Hund.,  23n,  37 

Whittington,  Church  visited,  213  ;  por- 
tion of  Brass  recently  lost,  213 

Whittington  Court  visited,  210,  211,  213, 
333 

Whittington,  II.,  308,  309,  333 

W'ichingham,  276 

Widye,  54 

Wien,  de,  350 

Wigheiete,  3f  7 

Wight,  Isle  of,  15 

Wigmore,  Mon.,  125 

Wikes,  230,  252,  257 

Wilicote,  de,  57 

William,  Abb.,  60,  63,  139,  233 

William  Conq.,  50,  51,  102,  109,  134,  238, 
241,  267,  269,  278,  282,  286,  357 

William,  son  of  Alured,  309 

William,  son  of  Baldwin,  299 

William,  son  of  Norman,  18,  26,  37 

William,  son  of  Robert,  53,  59 

William,  son  of  Simonds,  53,  59 

William  (Rufus),  K.,  285,  298 


414 


INDEX. 


William  (the  Lion)  K.  of  Scots,  100 

Williams,  57,  347 

Wills,  78,  79 

Willvson,  332 

Wilton,  191,  27S 

Wiltshire,  24,  30,  33,  39,  40,  42,  43n,  44, 

46,  89,  291n,  295,  312,  315,  316,  318 
Wimberleye,  364 
Winchelsea,  de,  294 
Winchester,  133 

Winchester,  Bp.  of.  103,  297,  302,  30 
Winchcombe.  192;  visited,  203;  232,  233, 

235,  242,  247,  333 
Winchcombe  Abbey,  306  ;  Missal,  20S;  232, 

233,  268,  289 
Winchcombe,  Abbot,  232,  332 
Winchcombe,  Abbot  of,  20 
Winchcombe,  Abb,  Knights  of,  289 
Winchcombe  Ch.,  232,  351 
Winchcombe,  Priors  of,  232.  233 
Winchcombe,   St.    Peter's  Ch.,   232,  233, 

231 
Winchcombe,  Spittle  Hosp.,  233 
Wincott,  M. ,  64,  67,  99 
Wineston,  32 
Winnecote,  de,  55 
Winrush,  43,  44,  290 
Winterbourne,  M  ,  296,  297n 
Winterboum  Hun.,  Som.,  43,  43n,  44 
Winterwall  thornes,  366 
Winton,  de,  292,  352 
■wise,  79 

Witeng(ham)?  292 
Witts,  G.  B. ,  Local  Sec. ,  Cheltenham,  189  ; 

Guide    to    Cleeve    Hill    Camp,   205  ; 

211 ;  Guide  at  Chedworth,  215 
Witchell,  E.,  Local  Sec.  Stroud  Meeting, 

191 
Wokingham,  39,  42 
Wokings,  39 

Wolfinyenot,  333,  364,  365,  366,  367 
Wolfstan,  Bp„  238,  241 
Wolphine,  238,  241 
Worcester,  78,  242,  342,  346 
"Worcester  Archdeaconry,"  by  Rev.  W. 

Lea,  265 
Worcester,  Bps.  of,  18,  125,  208,  237,  238, 

241,  244,  289n,  305,  313,  335,  349,  350, 

350n 
Worcester,  Co.,  18,  63,  64,  72,  98,  231,  2S1, 

2S9,  291  n,  313,  319 
Woodvyle,  Q.  Elizabeth,  139 


Woodroffe,  317 
Woodward,  78,  362 
Wotton  Ch.,6 
Wotton,  258 
Wright,  332 

Wright,  W.  H.  K.,  his   "  Western  Anti- 
quary," noticed,  394 
Wrokeshal,  de  284 
W  rough  ton,  276 
Wrotley,  111 
Wy,  281 
Wyatt,  191 

Wybaltunesbroke,  364 
Wybert.  21n,  44 
Wycombe,  334 
Wydenheye,  360,  367 
Wydville,  110 
Wye,  161 
Wye,  fam.,  144n 
Wye,  riv.,  246,  247,  357,  364,  365 
Wyggepol,  366,  367 
Wylcott,  91 

W'yle,  Church  Plate  at,  168 
Wylcockes  ruddingge,  360 
Wylington,  de,  30,  33n,  143n 
Wynchcombe,  de,  79 
Wychtmed,  358 
Wynderusch,  281 
Wyndsore,  64 
Wvnston,  35 
Wyteleye,  358,  363,  364 
Wyntereode,  363 
Wvnetesburi,  363 
Wyse,  281 
Wyteleve,  360 
Wtvweile,  de,  335 


Yaneworth,  146,  154, 156,  159 

Yuichebeche,  362 

Yon»'e   332 

York,  Archbs.  of,  20,  238,  244,  305 

York,  Duke  of,  139,  225 

York,  See  of,  244 

Yorkshire,  21,  89 

"  Yorkshire  Chap  Books,"  by  C.  A.  Fed- 

erer,  L.C.P.,  185 
"  Yorkshire  Legends  and  Traditions,"  by 

Rev.  Thomas  Parkinson,  noticed,  86 
Ythenard,  145,  146,  149,  152 
Yweley,  see  Uley. 


BRISTOL  <fc  GLOUCESTERSHIRE  ARCHAEOLOGICAL 

SOCIETY 


|Cist  oi  ffizmbtXB  for  1890-1 

SEPTEMBER  21st,  1890 


Names  op  Life  Members  are  given  in  heavier  type 

An  asterisk   is  affixed  to  the  names   of  Members   of   Council,   1890-1 

Tlw  Secretary  mill  feel  obliged  by  any  correction  of  error  in  List 

Ackers,  B.  St.  John,  Huntley  Manor,  Gloucester 

Adams,  J.  W.,  4,  Denmark  Road.  Gloucester 

Adlam,  William,  F.S.A..  D.L.,  Manor  House,  Chew  Magna,  Bristol 

*Agg-Gardner.  James  Tynte,  M.P.,  Evesham  House,  Cheltenham 

*Allard,  W.,  Tewkesbury 

Allen,  Rev.  William  Taprell.  MA.,  St.  Briavel's  Vicarage,  Coleford 

Ames,  Reginald,  13  Hyde  Park  Mansions.  London,  W. 

Annesley.  Rev.  F.  H.,  M.A.,  Clifford  Chambers  Manor  House,  Stratford-on- 

Avon 
Ansloe,  Robert.  7  Clarence  Square,  Cheltenham 
Archer,  Lieut.-Col.,  Cleeve  House.  11,  All  Saints  Road.  Clifton 
Armitage,  W.  H.,  Wotton-under-Edge 
Arrowsmith,  J.  W.,  24,  Westfield  Park,  Redland,  Bristol 
Asher  &  Co.,  13  Bedford  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 

Baker,  Arthur,  Henbury  Hill  House,  Bristol 

Baker,  Granville  E.  Lloyd,  Hardwicke  Court,  Gloucester 

Baker,  James,  F.G.S.,  Sewelle  Villa,  Goldney  Road,  Clifton 

Baker,  W.  Proctor,  Broomwell  House,  Brislington,  Bristol 

Ball,  A.  J.  Morton.  The  Green,  Stroud 

Banks,  G,  Longford,  Gloucester 

Barclay,  Rev.  Chas.  W..M.A,  Little  Amwell  Vicarage,  Hertford  Heath,  Herts 

*  Barkly.  Sir  Henry,  K.C.B..  G.C.M.G.,  1,  Bina  Gardens,  South  Kensington. 

London,  S.W. 

*  Bartleet,  Rev.  S.  E.,  M.A.,  St.  Mark's  Vicarage,  Gloucester 
Bartholomew  F.M.,  B.A.,  28,  College  Road.  Clifton,  Bristol 
Bathurst,  The  Right  Hon.  the  Earl,  Cirencester 

Baylis,  E.  L.,  Essex  Place,  Cheltenham 
Baynes,  C.  R.,  The  Lammas,  Minchinhanipton 
Bayton,  Francis  Nathaniel.  Clarence  Street.  Gloucester 
Bazley,  Sir  Thomas  S.,  Bart.,  Hatherop  Castle,  Fairford 


n. 


* Bazeley,  B/'v.  William.  M.A.,  Matson  Rectory,  Gloucester  (Hon.  Member,) 

(Hon.  Secretary  and  Librarian) 
Beach,  The  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Michael  E.  Hicks,  Bart.,  D.L.,  M.P., 

WiUiamstrip  Park,  Fairford 

*  Beddoe,  John,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  Manor  House,  York  Place,  Clifton.  Bristol 
Bell,  Rev.  Canon  Charles  Dent,  D.D.,  The  Rectory,  Cheltenham 
Berkeley,  Francis  L..  Riverside,  San  Barnardino,  California,  U.S.A. 
Bethel.  W.  Wood,  7.  Queen  Anne's  Gate,  Westminster.  London 

Bevir,  E.  J.,  Q.C.,  110,  Harley  Street.  London.  W. 

Bibliotheque  Nationale,  Paris,  c/o  Longman  &  Co.,  39  Paternoster  Row. 

London 
Biddell,  Sidney,  New  University  Club,  St.  James'  Street.  London.  S.W. 
Birchall,  J.  Dearman,    Bowden  Hall.  Gloucester 
Birchall.  Miss.  Lanesfield.  Lansdown  Road,  Cheltenham 
Birtill,  G.  S.,  Gort  Lodge,  The  Avenue.  Clifton 
Blacker.  Rev.  B.  H.,  M.A.,  26,  Meridian  Place,  Clifton,  Bristol 

*  Blakeway,  G.  S..  Myton  House,  Gloucester 
Blandy,  F.,  Birchamp  House,  Newland,  Coleford 

*  Blathwayt,  Rev.  Wynter  T..  M.A.,  Dyrham  Rectory,  Chippenham 
Blathwayt,  Rev.  Wynter  Edward  M.A.  Dyrham.  Chippenham 
Blathwayt,  Geo-  W.  Wynter,  35  Church  Street,  Manchester 
Blathwayt,  Lieut.  Colonel,  Batheaston,  Bath 

Bodleian  Library,  Oxford 

Bonnor,  Benjamin.  Barnwood,  Gloucester 

Boughton,  J.  H.,  Tewkes*bury 

*  Bourne,  Rev.  Gr.  D.,  M.A.,  D.L.,  F.S.A.,  Weston-sub-Edge,  Broadway 
Bower,  Rev.  E.  J.,  M.A. 

*  Bowly.  Christopher,  Siddington  House,  Cirencester 
Braikenridge,  W.  Jerdone.  1(1   Royal  Crescent,  Bath 

Bramble,  Lieut-Col.  James  Roger,  F.S.A.,  Cleeve  House,  near  Yatton, 

Somerset 
Bravender.  T.  B.,  c/o  Mrs.  Baden,  14,  Highbury  Grove,  London,  N. 
BriggS,  William,  Exchange.  Bristol 

*  Bruton.  H.  W..  Bewick  House,  Wotton,  Gloucester 
Bruton,  James,  Wotton  Hill  Cottage,  Gloucester 
Buchanan,  James.  "  Standard"  Office.  Gloucester 

Burder,  G.  F..  M.D.,  F.  Met.  Society,  7,  South  Parade.  Clifton.  Bristol 

Burroughs,  Jno.  Beamies  Cooper.  24,  Bridge  Street,  Bristol 

Bush,  Edward,  Alveston,  R.S.O.  Gloucestershire 

Bush,  James  Day,  3,  Miles'  Buildings.  Bath 

Bush,  John,  9,  Pembroke  Road,  Clifton,  Bristol 

Bush,  T.  S.,  c/o  Rev.  C.  Bush,  1,  Winifred's  Dale,  Bath 

Bute,  The  Most  Honorable  the  Marquis  of.  Cardiff  Castle.  Glamorganshire 

Butterworth.  Rev.  George,  M.A. ,  Deerhurst  Vicarage,  Tewkesbury 

Caldicott,  Rev.  J.  W.,  D.D.,  Shipston-on-Stour  Rectory,  Worcestershire 

Campbell,  Sir  James,  Bart.,Whitemead  Park.  Coleford 

Cardew,  C.  E.,  A.M.I.C.E..c/o.  King,  King  &  Co.,  Bombay 

Cardew,  G.  A.,  Bayshill  Villas,  Cheltenham 

Cardew,  Rev.  John  Haydon,  M.A.,  Wingfield  Rectory,  Trowbridge,  Wilts 

Carleton,  John  Shaw.  Newnham 

Cartwright,  F.  F..  1,  St.  Stephen  Street,  Bristol 

Cave,  Charles,  D-,  M.A.,  D.L.,  Stoneleigh  House,  Clifton  Park.  Bristol 

Chance,  T.  H.,  "  Journal"  Office,  Gloucester 

Cheeseman,  Rev.  A.  H.,  Hopewell  House,  Gloucester 

Cheetham,  Joshua  Milne.  Eyford  Park,  Bourton-on-the-Water.  R.S.O. 

Cheltenham  Free  Public  Library,  Librarian  Mr.  W.  Jones 

Cheltenham  Permanent  Library.  5,  Royal  Crescent,  Cheltenham 

Chilton,  George  Horace  David.  The  Hermitage,  Westbury-on-Trym,  Bristol 


111. 


Christian,  Admiral,  Heigthorne,  The  Park,  Cheltenham 
Church  A.  H.,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Shelsley,  Kew,  Surrey 
Clarke,  Alfred  Ales.,  Wells,  Somerset 

*  Clark,  George  T.,  F.S.A.,  Talygarn,  Llantrissant 
Clark,  Rev.  Thomas  E.,  M.  D.,  Ballargue.  Peel,  Isle  of  Man 
Clarke,  Rev.  Canon,  D.D.,  Bishop's  House,  Clifton,  Bristol 
Clarke.  Miss,  86,  Pembroke  Road,  Clifton,  Bristol 

Clarke,  John  A.  Graham,  Frocester,  Stonehouse 
Clifton  College  Library 

*  Clifford,  The  Hon.  and  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop,  Bishop's  House,  Clifton,  Bristol 
Cockshott,  Miss,  Hazlehurst,  Ross 

Collier,  Col.  James  A.,  Stanley  Hall,  Stonehouse 

Collins,  J.  C,  M.D.,  Steanbridge  House,  Slad,  Stroud 

Collins,  Thomas,  The  Cross,  Tewkesbury 

Cook,  Francis,  M.D.,  1,  Suffolk  Lawn,  Cheltenham 

Cook,  Surgeon  General,  H.N.D.,  Prior's  Mesne,  Lydney 

Cooke,  W.  H.,  Q.C.,  F.S.A.,  42,  Wimpole  Street,  London 

Coren,  Edward  Walker,  Gloucester 

Cornock,  Nicholas,  Camberwell,  London,  S.E. 

Cornford,  Rev.  Edward,  M.A..  Etchowe,  Lansdown  Road,  Cheltenham 

Cornwall,  Rev.  Alan  Kingscote,  M.A.  Ashcroft,  Wotton-under-Edge 

Cotteswold  Naturalists  Field  Chih.  Hon.  Sec,  E.  Wethercd,  Esq.  5,  Berkeley 

Place,  Cheltenham,  Hon.  Member 
Cowburn,  Major  J.  Brett,  Dennil  Hill,  near  Chepstow 
Cowley,  Charles,  L.L.D.,  12  Middle  Street,  Lowell,  Massachusetts,  U.S.A. 
Crawley-Boevey,  A.,  East  India  United  Service  Club,  14,  St.  James' 

Square,  London,  S.W. 
Crawley-Boevey,  Sir  T.  H.,  Bart-,  Flaxley  Abbey.  Newnham 
Crawley-Boevey,  Rev.  R.,  M.A.,  Flaxley  Vicarage,  Newnham 
Cripps,  Wilfred,  C.B.,  F.S.A.,  Barrister-at-Law,  Cirencester 
Croggan.  Edmund,  4,  Beaufort  Road,  Clifton,  Bristol 
Croome,  T.  L.,  50  Pall  Mall,  London,  S.W. 
Crossman,  George  D.,  Rudgeway,  Gloucestershire 
Crothers,  Capt.  Wallace  G.,  Highfields,  Chew  Magna 
Cruddas,  C.  J.,  Oakfield,  Stoke  Bishop,  Bristol 
Cullimore,  J..  Friars,  Chester 
Cullis,  F.  J.,  F.G.S.,  Claremont  Road,  Handsworth,  Birmingham 

Dale,  Henry  F. 

Dancey,  Charles  Henry,  6,  Midland  Road,  Gloucester 
Davenport-Hill,  Miss  Florence,  25,  Belsize  Avenue.  London,  N.W. 
*Davies,  Rev.  John  Silvester,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  Vicarage,  Enfield  Highway, 

London 
Davies,  Rev.  W.  H.  Silvester,  M.A.,  2,  Montpellier  Road,  Gloucester 
Davis,  Major  Charles  E.,  F.S.A.,  55,  Gt.  Pulteney  Street,  Bath 
Davis,  William  B.A..  L.L.D.,  St.  Germains,  Cheltenham 
Davis,  Cecil  Tudor,  The  Court  House,  Painswick 
D  Argent,  Edward  Augustus,  Charlton  Kings,  Cheltenham 
De  Paravicini,  Rev.  F.,  Avening  Rectory,  Stroud 
De  Saumarez,  F.  B.,  5,  Queen's  Parade,  Cheltenham 
De  Ferrieres,  Baron,  Bayshill  House,  Cheltenham 
Denton,  C.  Lord.  Orielton,  St.  Briavels.  Coleford 
Derham,  Henry,  Sneyd  Park,  Bristol 

Derham,  Walter,  MA.,  F.G.S.,  119  Lansdowne  Rd. ,  Kensington  Park,W. 
Dighton,  Conway,  St.  Julian's,  Cheltenham 

Dobell,  C.  Faulkner.  Whittington  Court,  Andoversford,  Cheltenham 
Dobell,  Clarence  Mason,  The  Grove,  Charlton  Kings,  Cheltenham 
Doggett,  Hugh  Greenfield,  30,  Richmond  Terrace,  Clifton 
Dolman,  G.  T.  C,  St.  Mary's  Hill,  Inchbrook,  Stroud 


IV. 

*  D'Ombrain,  Rev.  H.,  M.A.,  The  Vicarage,  Stroud 
Dominican  Priory,  Rev.  Prior  of.  Woodchester,  Stonehouse 

*  Dorington,  Sir  J.  E.,  Bart.,  M.A.,  M.P.,  Lypiatt  Park.  Stroud 
Downing,  William.  Sisringfield  House,  Olton.  near  Birmingham 
Drew,  Joseph,  M.D..  Pembroke  Lodge,  Charlton  Kings,  Cheltenham 
Ducie,  The  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of,  P.O.,  F.R.S.,Tortworth,  Wotton- 

under-Edge 
Dyer-Edwardes,  Thomas,  Prinknash  Park.  Painswick,  Stroud 
Dynevor,  The  Right  Hon.  Lord,  Dynevor  Castle,  Llandilo,  S.  Wales 

Eager,  Reginald,  M.D.,  Northwoods,  Winterbourne,  Bristol 
Eberle,  J.  F..  96,  Pembroke  Road,  Clifton 
Edkins,  William,  12,  Charlotte  Street,  Park  Street.  Bristol 
Edwards,  Sir  George  W.,  Sea-wall  Villas,  Sneyd  Park,  Bristol 

*  Ellacombe,  Rev.  Canon  H.  N.,  M.A. ,  Vicarage,  Bitton,  Bristol 
Ellett,  Robert,  Oakley  Cottage.  Cirencester 

Ellis,  T.  S.,  6,  Clarence  Street,  Gloucester 

Emeris,  Rev.  John,  M.A.,  The  Rectory,  Upton  St.  Leonard's,  Gloucester 
Emeris,  Rev.  William,  Upton  St.  Leonard's  Rectory,  Gloucester 
Evans,  J.  B.,  20.  Lansdown  Crescent,  Cheltenham 

Farquhar.  Rev.  E.  M..  M.A.,  Bradley  Court,  Wotton-under-Edge 

Fawcett,  Miss  E.  G.,  Painswick,  Stroud 

Fawn,  James,  18,  Royal  Promenade.  Queen's  Road,  Bristol 

Fear.  W.  Lyne,  9,  South  Parade,  Clifton 

Fendick,  R.  G.,  3  Claremont  Place,  St.  Paul's  Road,  Clifton 

Fenwick,  Rev.  J.  E.  A.,  M.A.,  Thirlestaine  House,  Cheltenham 

*  Fisher.  Major  C.  Hawkins.  The  Castle,  Stroud 
*Flower,  Edgar,  The  Hill,  Stratford-on-Avon 
Foljambe,  Cecil  G.  S.,  M.P.,  Cockglode,  Ollerton,  Newark 
Flecker,  The  Rev.  W.  H.  D.C.L.,  Dean  Close's  School,  Cheltenham 
Flux,  Edward  HitchingS,  144,  Leadenhall  Street,  London,  E.C. 

*  Forbes,  Col.  G.  H.  A.,  R.A.,  Rockstowes,  Dursley 
Foster,  R.  G.,  2,  Spa  Villas,  Gloucester 

*  Fox,  Alderman  Francis  Frederick,  Yate  House,  Chipping  Sodbury 
Fox,  Charles  Henry,  M.D.,  The  Beeches,  Brislington,  Bristol 
Foxcroft,  E.  T.  D.,  D.L.,  Hinton  Charterhouse,  Bath 

Francis,  G.  Carwardine,  St.  Tewdric,  Chepstow 

Fry,  Francis  J.,  Eversley,  Leigh  Woods.  Bristol 

Fry,  Lewis,  M.P.,  Goldney  House,  Clifton.  Bristol 

Fuller,  Rev.  E.  A.,  M.A.,  c/o  Rev.  T.  W.  Harvey,  71  Ashley  Road,  Bristol 

Gael,  E.  C,  Charlton  Kings,  Cheltenham 

Gaisford,  Rev.  Thomas  Amyas,  M.A.,  2,  Devonshire  Place,  Wells  Road,  Bath 

Gallenga,  Antonio,  The  Fall.  Llandogo.  Coleford 

Gloucester,  The  Very  Rev.  The  Dean  of,  The  Deanery.  Gloucester 

George,  C.  E.  A..  Henbury  Hill,  Westbury-on-Trvm.  Bristol 

George,  Rev.  P.  E.,  M.A.,  St.  Winifred's,  Bath 

George,  W.  E.,  Downside,  Stoke  Bishop.  Bristol 

George,  William,  St.  Wulfsten's,  Durclham  Down,  Bristol 

Gibbs,  H-  Martin,  Barrow  Court.  Flax-Boivrton.  Somerset 

Giller,  William  Thomas,  County  of  Gloucester  Bank,  Gloucester 

Godman,  E.  T.,  Banksfee,  Moreton-in-Marsh 

Godwin,  J.  G.,  15,  St.  George's  Row.  Pimlico,  London,  S.W. 

Golightly,  Rev.  Canon  T.  G.,  M.A.,  Shipton  Moyne  Rectory.  Tetbury 

Green -Armytage,  A.,  16,  Apsley  Road.  Clifton 


Green,  Rev.  J.  F..  M.A.,  Whiteshill,  Stroud 

Greenfield.  Benjamin  Wyatt.  4.  Cranbury  Terrace,  Southampton 

Gresley,  The  Rev.  Nigel  W.,  M.A.,  The  Rectory,  Dursley 

Griffith,  Robert  W.,  Ty  Dyfrig.  Llandaff 

Grist,  William  Charles,  Brookside,  Chalford,  Stroud 

Gwinnett,  Wm.  Henry,  Gordon  Cottage,  Cheltenham 

Haddon  John,  Clarefield,  Cheltenham 
Hallett,  W.  E.  S.,  Kenwick  House,  Selsley,  Stroud 
Hale,  C.  B.,  Claremont  House.  London  Road,  Gloucester 
Hale,  Major  Gen.  Robert,  Alderley,  Wotton-under-Edge 

*  Hall,  Rev.  J.  M.,  M.A.,  The  Rectory,  Harescoinbe,  Stroud 
Hall.  Rev.  R.,  M.A.,  Saul  Vicarage,  Stonehouse 

Hallen.  Rev.  A.  W.  Cornelius,  M.A.,  The  Parsonage,  Alloa  N.B. 

*  Hallett,  Palmer,  M.A.,  Claverton  Lodge.  Bath 
Hallett,  Mrs.,  Claverton  Lodge,  Bath 

Hallewell.  Joseph  Watts,  D.L..  Stratford  House.  Stroud 
Harding,  E.  B.,  2 1 ,  Great  George  Street,  Bristol 
Harding,  Rev.  John  Taylor,  M.A.,  Pentwyu,  Monmouth 
Harding,  Thomas,  Wick  House,  Brislington,  Bristol 
Hardy,  Rev.  H.  H.,  M.A.,  The  Rectory,  Mitcheldean 
Harford,  William  Henry,  Old  Bank,  Bristol 
Harford,  Edmund,  14,  Priory  Street,  Cheltenham 

*  Hartland.  Ernest,  M.A.,  Hardwicke  Court,  Chepstow,  (Hon.  Treasurer.) 
Hartland,  E.  Sidney,  Barnwood  Court,  Gloucester 

Harvard  College,  U.S.A.,  c/o  Trubner  &  Co.,  Ludgate  Hill,  London 
Harvey,  Rev.  W.  H.  Peyton,  M.A.,  The  Vicarage,  Chipping  Sodbury 
Harvey,  Charles  Octavius,  Bedford  Villa,  Richmond  Hill,  Clifton,  Bristol 
Harvey,  Edward,  3,  Clifton  Park,  Clifton,  Bristol 
Harvey,  John,  Glenside,  Leigh  Woods,  Clifton,  Bristol 
Hasluck,  Rev.  E.,  M.A.,  Little  Sodbury,  Chipping  Sodbury 
Hayward,  Venerable  Archdeacon,  The  Vicarage,  Cirencester 

*  Heane,  William  C,  The  Lawn,  Cinderford 

Heffernan,  Surgeon-General,  Eton  Villa,  The  Park,  Cheltenham 

Helps,  Arthur  S..  Gloucester 

Hemming,  Rev.  B.  F.,  M.A.,  Bishop's  Cleeve  Rectory,  Cheltenham 

Henly,  E.  H.,  Wotton-under-Edge. 

Herapath,  Howard  M.,  40  Royal  Park,  Clifton 

Hill,  Charles,  Clevedon  Hall,  Somerset 

Hilliard,  Rev.  J.  A.  S.,  Tidenham  Vicarage,  Chepstow 

Holbrow,  Rev.  Thomas,  B.A.,  Sandhurst  Rectory,  Gloucester 

*  Holford,  Robert  S.,  D.L.,  Weston  Birt  House.  Tetbury 
Howard,  Edward  Stafford,  The  Castle,  Thornbury 

Howell,  Rev.  W.  C,  M.A.,  Holy  Trinity  Vicarage.  Tottenham,  London,  N. 

*  Hudd,  Alfred  E.,  F.S.A.,  94,  Pembroke  Road,  Clifton,  Bristol 
Hudden,  William  Paul,  Brockley  Hall,  near  Bristol 

Hughes,  W.  W.,  Downfield  Lodge,  Clifton,  Bristol 

*  Hyett,  F.  A.,  Painswick  House,  Painswick 

Isaac,  Miss,  Stratford  Abbey  College,  near  Stroud 

*  Jacques.  Thomas  W.,  The  Firs,  Downend,  near  Bristol 

*  James,  Francis,  Edgeworth  Manor,  Cirencester 
James,  Rev.  H.  A.,  B.D.,  Cheltenham  College,  Cheltenham 
Jefferies,  A.  G.  W.,  Ash  Lodge,  Pucklechurch.  near  Bristol 
Jefferies,  James  E. ,  Yeo  Bank,  Congresbury,  Bristol 

Jefferson,  David,  Boston,  U.S.A.,  c/o.  Messrs.  Sampson  &  Lowe,  188  Fleet- 
street,  E.C. 


VI. 


Jenkins,  R.  Palmer,  Sedbury  Park,  Chepstow 

Jenkinson,  Sir  George  S.,  Bart.,  D.L.,  Eastwood  Park,  Falfield 

Jennings,  Rev.  A.  C.,  M.A.,  King's  Stanley  Rectory,  Stonehouse 

Jones,  His  Honour  Judge  Brynmor,  L.L.B.,  College  Green,  Gloucester 

Jones,  Rev.  Thos.  D.,  Caerwent,  Chepstow 

Judge,  Frederick,  90,  Richmond  Park  Road,  Montpellier,  Bristol 

*  Kay,  Sir  Brook,  Bart.,  Stanley  Lodge,  Battledown,  Cheltenham, 

(President  of  Council) 
Keble,  Rev.  Thomas,  M.A.,  Bisley  Vicarage,  Stroud 
Keeling,  George  Baker.  Severn  House,  Lydney 

*  Keeling,  George  William,  10  Lansdown  Terrace,  Cheltenham 
Kempson,  P.  R.,  Birchyfield,  Bromyard,  Worcestershire 
Kempson,  Matthew,  Stouts  Hill,  Uley,  Dursley 

Kerr,  Russell  J.,  The  Haie,  Newnham 
King,  Miss,  Avonside,  Clifton  Down,  Bristol 
Kitcat,  Rev.  D.,  M.A.,  Weston  Birt  Rectory,  Tetbury 
Knowles,  W.,  Albion  Chambers,  King  Street,  Gloucester 
Kynnersley,  T.  S.,  Leighton  Hall,  Ironbridge,  Salop 

Lancaster,  Thomas,  Bownham  House,  Stroud 

Lang,  Robert,  5,  Melbury  Terrace,  Blanford  Square,  London,  N.W. 

Langley,  A.  F.,  Golding,  Peterstow-super-Ely,  Cardiff 

Latimer,  John,  3,  Trelawney  Road,  Bristol 

Law,  William,  Littleborough,  near  Manchester 

Lavars,  John,  3,  Fosseway,  Clifton 

Lavicount,  S.  W.,  Elm  Villa,  Cheltenham 

*  Le  Blanc,  Arthur,  Prestbury  House,  near  Cheltenham 

*  Leigh,  William,  Woodchester  Park,  Stonehouse 

Leigh,  E.  Egerton,  Broadwell  Manor  House,  Stow-on-the-Wold 

Lewis,  Archibald  M.,  Upper  Byron  Place,  Clifton,  Bristol 

Lewis,  Harold,  B.A.,  "Mercury  "  Office,  Bristol 

Lindsay,  W.  A.,  M.A.,  Portcullis  Pursuivant  of  Arms,  17,  Cromwell  Road, 

South  Kensington,  London,  S.W. 
Little,  E.  Caruthers.  Field  Place,  Pakenhill.  Stroud 
Little,  E.  P.,  Lansdown,  Stroud 
Liverpool  Free  Library 

Llewellin,  John,  Elgin  Park,  Redland,  Bristol 
London  Library,  12,  St.  James'  Square,  London 

Long,  Lieut.  Col.,  William,  Woodlands,  Congresbury,  R.S.O.,  East  Somerset 
Low,  Charles  Hoskins,  Leigh  Woods,  Clifton.  Bristol 
Lowe,  C.  J.,  8  St.  Stephen's  Street,  Bristol 
Lower,  Nynian  H.,  Olveston,  Almondsbury 
Loveridge.  P.  B.,  11  Victoria  Terrace,  Cheltenham 

*  Lucy,  "William  C,  F-G-.S.,  Brookthorpe,  Gloucester 
Lynes,  Rev.  W.,  M.D.,  Cinderford  Vicarage,  Newnham 
Lysaght,  John,  Springfort,  Stoke  Bishop,  Bristol 

Maclaine,  Win.  Osborne,  D.L.,  Kington.  Thornbury 

*  Maclean,  Sir  John,  F.S.A.,  F.R.S.A.,  Glasbury  House,  Richmond  Hill, 

Clifton,  Bristol,  (Hon.  Editor) 
Macpherson,  J.,  Invercargill,  New  Zealand 
Madan,  Rev.  Canon,  M.A.,  Bearland  House,  Gloucester 
Manchester  Library,  Manchester 
Margetson,  William,  Brightside,  Stroud 
Marling,  Capt.  Walter  B.,  Clanna,  Lydney 
Marling,  Stanley,  Stanley  Park,  Stroud 
Marrs,  Kingsmill,  c/o  Baring  Bros.,  Bankers,  London 


Vll. 

*  Martin  A.  T.,  M.A.,  10  Upper  Belgrave  Road,  Clifton,  Bristol 

Master,  Rev.  G.  S.,  M.A.,  Bourton  Grange.  Flax  Bourton.  R.S.O.,  Somerset 
Master,  Mrs.  Chester,  The  Abbey,  Cirencester 
Matthews,  Bernard,  Lloyd's  Bank,  Gloucester 
Meadway,  G.,  South  Lawn,  The  Park,  Cheltenham 

*  Medland,  Henry,  Kingsholm.  Gloucester 
Merrick,  Frank,  7,  Hughenden  Road,  Clifton,  Bristol 

*  Middleton,  J.  H.,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  King's  College,  Cambridge 
Middlemore-Whithard,  Rev.  T.  M.,  M.A.,  Upton  Helion  Rectory,  Credi ton, 

Devon 
Mills.  H.  Hamilton,  The  Field,  Stroud 
Mills,  John,  27,  Archibald  Street,  Gloucester 
Millard,  C.  Stuart,  2,  York  Villas,  Cheltenham 
Mitf ord,  A.  B. ,  Freeman,  Moreton-in-Marsh 
Monk,  C.  J.,  5,  Buckingham  Gate,  London,  S.W. 
Morris,  R.  Groves,  5  Beaufort  Buildings,  Spa,  Gloucester 
Mott,  Albert  J.,  F.G.S.,  Detmore,  Charlton  Kings,  Cheltenham 
Mugliston,  Rev.  J.,  M.A.,  Newick  House,  Cheltenham 
MullingS,  John,  Cirencester 
Murrell,  J.,  Gloucester 

Nash.  Rev.  Canon  R.  S.,  M.A.,  Old  Sodbury,  Chipping  Sodbury 
Needham,  Frederick,  M.D..  Barnwood  House.  Gloucester 

*  New,  Herbert.  Green  Hill.  Evesham 
Norman,  George,  il  Clarence  Street,  Cheltenham 

Norris,  Venerable  Archdeacon,  D.D.,  3,  Great  George  Street,  Bristol 


*  Oakeley.  Rev.  W.  Bagnall,  M.  A..  Newland,  Coleford 

Oakeley,  Mrs.  W.  Bagnall,  Newland.  Coleford 

O'Fflahertie,  Rev.  T.  R.,  M.A..  Capel  Vicarage,  Dorking,  Surrey 

Oman,  C.  W.  C,  All  Soul's  College,  Oxford 

Owen,  Rev.  J.  A.,  M.A.,  The  Beeches,  Cheltenham 

Owen,  Rev.  Richard  Trevor,  M.A..  F.S.A.,  Llangedwyn,  Oswestry,  Salop 


Palmer,  Rev.  Feilding,  M.  A.,  Eastcliffe,  Chepstow 

Parker,  Rev.  Canon  Charles  J.,  M.  A.,  Cathedral  House,  Gloucester 

Pass,  Alfred.  15,  Upper  Belgrave  Road,  Durdharn  Down,  Bristol 

*  Paul,  Alfred  H.,  The  Close.  Tetbury 

Pearse,  General  G.,  C.B.,  Godfrey  House,  Cheltenham,  c/o  Messrs  Grindlay 

&  Co.,  55  Parliament  Street,  London 
Pellew,  F.  L.,  Rodney  House,  Clifton 
Perceval,  Cecil  H.  Spencer.  Henbury,  Bristol 
Percival.  E.  H..  Kimsbury  House,  Gloucester 

*  Perkins,  Vincent  R.,  Wotton-under-Edge 
Peters,  Rev.  Thomas,  5,  The  Circus,  Bath 

Phillimore,  W.  P.W.,  M.  A.,  B.C.L.,  IS  Priory  Road,  Bedford  Park 

Chiswick,  London 
Philips,  Miss,  Hazelhurst,  Ross 

Philp,  Gapt.  J.  Lamb,  Pendoggett,  Timsbury,  Bath 
Phillpotts,  G.  H.  H.  c/o  Messrs  Phillpott's  &  Co.,  Gloucester 
Pitcairn,  Rev.  D.  Lee,  MA-,  Monkton  Combe  Vicarage,  Bath 
Pitt,  Theophilus,  143,  Minories,  London,  E.C. 
Playne,  Arthur  T.,  Longfords,  Minchinhampton 
Piatt,  James,  Somerset  Villa,  Gloucester 
Ponting  Albert,  Sneedham  Green,  Upton  St.  Leonards,  Gloucester 


Vlll. 

Ponting,  C.  E.,  F.S.A.,  Lockeridge,  Marlborough,  Wilts 

*  Pope,  T.  S.,  3  Unity  Street.  College  Green,  Bristol 

Powell,  His  Honour  Judge  John  Joseph,  Q.C.,  The  Lawn.  Denmark  Hill, 

London.  S.E. 
Power,  Edward,  F.S.A.,  16,  Southwell  Gardens.  London,  S.W. 
Poynton,  Rev.  Francis  John,  M.A. ,  Kelston  Rectory,  Bath 

*  Prankerd,  P.  D.,  The  Knoll,  Sneyd  Park,  Bristol 
Price,  William  P.,  D.L.  Tibberton  Court,  Gloucester 
Pritchard,  J.  E.,  Guy's  Cliff.  Sydenham  Road,  Bristol 
Pritchard,  Augustin,  F.R.C.S.,  4,  Chesterfield  Place.  Clifton,  Bristol 
Pritchett,  Charles  Pigott,  5,  Hillside,  Cotham.  Bristol 

Protheroe,  Frank,  11,  Alfred  Place  West,  Thurloe  Square,  London.  S.W. 
Pryce,  Bruce,  A.  C,  Abbeyholme,  Overton  Road,  Cheltenham 

Reed,  J.  H.,  4  Swanbourne  Villas,  Cotham,  Bristol 

*  Reynolds.  John,  Manor  House,  Redland,  Bristol 

Rice,  The  Honourable  Maria  Elizabeth  Rice,  Matson  House,  Gloucester 

Robinson,  Wm.  Le  Fleming,  Hillesley  House,  Wotton-under-Edge 

Rogers,  William  Frederick,  Tetbury 

Rogers,  Lieut.-Col.  R.,  Fern  Clyffe,  Battledown,  Cheltenham 

Rome,  T.,  Charlton  House,  Charlton  Kings,  Cheltenham 

*  Royce,  Rev.  David,  M.A.,  Nether  Swell  Vicarage,  Stow-on-the-Wold 

Sadler,  G.  W.,  Keynsham  Villa,  Cheltenham 

Salmon,  Lieut.  Col.  H.  W.,  Tockington  Manor,  Almsbury,  Gloucestershire 

Saunders,  Joshua,  Sutton  House,  Clifton  Down,  Bristol 

Science  and  Art  Department,  South  Kensington  Museum,  London,  S.W. 

Scott,  Charles,  Lennox  House,  Spa,  Gloucester 

Selwyn,  Rev.  E.  J.,  M.A.,  Pluckley  Rectory,  Ashford,  Kent 

Sessions,  Frederick,  Russell  House,  Gloucester 

Sewell,  Edward  C,  Elmlea,  Stratton,  Cirencester 

Seys,  Godfrey,  Wirewood  Green,  Chepstow 

Sibbald,  J.  G.  E..  Accountant  General's  Office,  Admiralty,  London 

Shaw,  J.  E.,  M.B.,  11,  Lansdown  Place,  Victoria  Square,  Clifton,  Bristol 

Shaw,  Rev.  George  F.  E.,  M.A.,  Edgeworth  Rectory,  Cirencester 

Sherborne,  Rt.  Hon.  Lord,  2,  St.  James'  Place,  London,  S.W. 

Shum,  Frederick,  F.S.A.,  17  Norfolk  Crescent,  Bath 

Simpson,  J.  J. ,  Lynwood,  Cotham  Gardens,  Bristol 

Skillicorne,  W.  Nash.  9,  Queen's  Parade,  Cheltenham 

Skrine,  Henry  Duncan,  ciaverton  Manor,  Bath 

Smith,  T.  Sherwood.  F.S.S.,  The  Pynes,  Keynsham,  Bristol 

Smith,  Thomas  Somerville,  M.D.,  Sittingbourne,  Kent 

Smith,  Alfred  Edward,  The  Hollies.  Nailsworth 

Smith,  Richard  Henry,  Grigshot,  near  Stroud 

Smithe,  Rev.  F.,  L.L.D.,  Churchdown  Vicarage,  Gloucester 

Smyth,  Rev.  Christopher,  Bussage  Vicarage,  Stroud 

Smyth,  Col.,  Theescombe  House,  Stroud 

Society  of  Merchant  Venturers,  Bristol 

Sommerville,  William,  Bitton  Hill,  near  Bristol 

Stackhouse,  Rev.  J.  Lett,  The  Chantry,  Berkeley 

Stanton,  Charles  Holbrow,  M.A.,  65,  Redcliffe  Gardens,  London,  S.  W. 

Stanton,  Walter  John,  Cooper's  Hill,  Stroud 

Stanton,  J.  Y.,  The  Leaze,  Stonehouse 

Stanton,  Rev.  W.  EL,  M.A.,  Haselton  Rectory,  Cheltenham 

Steevens,  Lieut.  Col.,  1  Wolsley  Terrace,  Cheltenham 

Stephens,  Albert  J.,  Clovelly,  Wotton  Hill,  Gloucester 

Stone,  John,  12,  Royal  Crescent,  Bath 

Strickland,  Edward,  c/o  13  Victoria  Square.  Clifton 

Strickland,  Algernon,  Apperley  Court,  Tewkesbury 


IX. 

Swayne,  Joseph  Griffiths.  M.D..  74.  Pembroke  Road,  Clifton.  Bristol 
Swayne,  Miss,  129,  Pembroke  Road,  Clifton.  Bristol 

*  Swayne,  S.  H..  129,  Pembroke  Road.  Clifton.  Bristol 
Symonds,  Rev.  W.,  M.A.,  Frocester  Vicarage,  Stonehouse,  Glos. 

Tait,  C.  W.  A..  M.A.,  College  Gate.  Clifton  College.  Clifton.  Bristol 
Tagart,  Francis,  F.L.S.,  F.R.G.S.,  old  Sneyd  Park.  Bristol 

*  Taylor,  John.  Bristol  City  Librarian,  37,  Clyde  Road,  Bristol 
Taylor,  Rev-  C  S.,  M-A  ,  1,  Guinea  Street.  Redcliffe,  Bristol 

*  Taylor,  Robert,  Edge  House.  Stroud 
Thomas,  Arnold.  Severn  Bank,  Xewnham 

*  Thomas,  Christopher  James,  Drayton  Lodge.  Durdham  Park,  Bristol 
Thompson.  Rev.  H.  L.,  M.A..  Radley  College,  Abingdon,  Berks. 
Thursby,  Piers,  Broadwell  Hill,  Stow-on-the-Wold 

Tomes.  R.  F..  South  House,  Littleton,  Evesham 

Townsend.  Charles,  Avenue  House.  Gotham  Park.  Bristol 

Trenfleld.  J.  D.  B.,  Hill  House.  Chipping  Sodbary 

Trinder,  Edward.  Perrots'  Brook,  Cirencester 

Trusted,  Charles  J.,  Sussex  House.  Pembroke  Road,  Clifton 

Tuckett,  Francis  Fox,  F.R.G.S.,  Frenchay,  Bristol 

Tuckett,  Frank  C,  2  Osborne  Road,  Clifton 

Tuckett,  Richard  G.  4  Exchange  Buildings,  East,  Bristol 

Tudway,  Clement,  Cecily  Hill,  Cirencester 

Turner,  A.  M.  Sydney,  Barton  Street,  Gloucester 

Turner.  T. 

Twells,  The  Right  Rev.  Bishop,  D.D.,  Pembroke  Gate,  Clifton,  Bristol 

Vansittart,  Hon.  Mrs.  11,  Lypiatt  Terrace,  Cheltenham 

* Vassar-Smith,  R.  Vassar,  Charlton  Park,  Cheltenham 

Viner,  Rev.  A.  W.  Ellis.  B.A.,  Badgeworth  Vicarage,  Cheltenham 

Vizard,  Major  Gen.,  Enderby  House,  Dursley 

Waddingham,  John,  Guiting  Grange,  Winchcombe 
Wadlry,  Rev.  T.  P.,  M.A.,  Naunton  Beauchamp  Rectory,  Pershore,  Hon. 

Member 
Waldy,  Rev.  J.  E.,  B.A.,  Claverton  Rectory,  Bath 
Walker,  General  Sir  C.  P.  Beauchamp,  K.C.B.,  97,  Onslow  Square, 

London.  S.W. 
Walker,  C.  B.,  Wotton.  Gloucester 

*  Waller.  Frederick  S.,  F.R.I.B.A.,  18,  College  Green,  Gloucester 
Walsh,  Mrs,  Sudgrove  House,  near  Cirencester 

Warren,  Robert  Hall.  Sunnyside.  Apsley  Road.  Clifton.  Bristol 

Wasbrough.  H.  S.,  7,  Gloucester  Row.  Clifton.  Bristol 

Webb,  R.  B. ,  Down  House.  Ashley  Down,  Bristol 

Wenden,  James  Gordon,  Dursley 

Weston,  Sir  J.  D.,  Dorset  House,  Clifton.  Bristol 

Weston,  John,  5,  All  Saints  Road,  Clifton 

Wethered,  Charles,  West  Grange.  Stroud 

Wethered,  Joseph.  Heatherfield,  The  Avenue,  Clifton,  Bristol 

Wheeler,  A.  C.  Upton  Hill.  Gloucester 

Whitwill.  Mark.  The  Shrubbery.  Weston-Super-Mare 

*  Wiggin,  Rev.  William.  M.A..  Hampnett  Rectory,  Northleach 
Williams,  Rev.  Augustin.  Todenham  Rectory,  Moreton-in-Marsh 

*  Williams,  John,  16.  Alma  Road.  Clifton.  Bristol 
Willis,  Capt.  H.,  Glenfall,  Charlton  Kings.  Cheltenham 

Wills,  Frederick.  Heath  Lodge.  Hampstead  Heath.  London,  N.W. 
Wingfield,  E.  Rhys,  Barrington  Park.  Burford 


Wintle,  Charles,  Queen  Square.  Bristol 

Winwood,  Rev.  H.  H.,  M.A.,  FGS  ,  11,  Cavendish  Crescent,  Bath 

Wiseman,  Eev.  H.  J.,  M.A.,  Clifton  College,  Clifton.  Bristol 

*  Witchell,  Charles  A.,  The  Acre,  Stroud 
Witchell,  E.  Northam,  The  Acre,  Stroud 

*  Witts,  G-.  B.,  C.E.,  Hill  House.  Leckhampton.  Cheltenham 

*  Witts,  Rev.  F.  E.  Broome,  M.A.,  Upper  Slaughter,  Bourton-on-the- Water 

R.S.O. 
Wood,  Walter  B.,  Denmark  Road,  Gloucester 
Woodward.  J.  H.,  2,  Windsor  Terrace,  Clifton,  Bristol 
Wright,  J.,  Stonebridge,  Bristol 

Yabbicom.  Thomas  Henry,  C.E.,  23,  Oakfield  Road,  Clifton,  Bristol 
Yatman,  William  Hamilton  Highgrove,  Tetbury 

Zachary,  Henry,  Cirencester 


Literary  Societies,  exchanging  Transactions  with  this  Society— 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Newcastle,  The  Castle,  Newcastle-on-Tyne 
The  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London,  Burlington  House,  Piccadilly, 

London,  W. 
The  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland,  Royal  Institution,  Edinburgh 
The  Royal  Archaeological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Oxford 

Mansions,  Oxford  Street,  London,  W. 
The  British  Archaeological  Association,  32,  Sackville  Street,  London 
The  Birmingham  &  Midland  Institute,  Archaeological  Section 
The  Clifton  Antiquarian  Club,  Hon.  Sec.  A.  E.  Hudd,  Esq.,  94,  Pembroke 

Road,  Clifton,  Bristol. 
The  Cambrian  Archaeological  Society,  Hon.  Sec,  Rev.  R.  Trevor  Owen, 

M.A. .  F.S.A.,  Llangedwyn,  Oswestry.  Salop 
The  Cotteswold  Field  Club,  Hon.  Sec,  Edward  Wethered.  Esq.,  5,  Berkeley 

Place,  Cheltenham 
The  Royal  Institution  of  Cornwall,  Museum,  Truro,  Cornwall 
The  Royal  Society  of  Antiquaries,  (Ireland)  Dublin 
The  Derbyshire  Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Society,  Derby 
The  Essex  Archaeological  Society,  Colchester,  Essex 
The  Kent  Archaeological  Society,  Museum,  Maidstone,  Kent 
The  Powys  Land  Club,  Museum  and  Library.  Welshpool 
The  Somerset  Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Society,  The  Castle, 

Taunton 
The  Suffolk  Institute  of  Archaeology  and  Natural  History,  Hon.  Sec.  The 

Rev.  F.  Haslewood,  F.S.A.,  S.  Matthew's  Rectory,  Ipswich,  Suffolk 
The  Sussex  Archaeological  Society,  Lewes,  Sussex 
The  William  Salt  Archaeological  Society,  Stafford.  Hon.  Sec  Major  Gen. 

The  Hon.  G.  Wrottesley 
The  Wiltshire  Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Society.  Devizes,  Wilts 
The  Yorkshire  Archaeological  and   Topographical  Association,  Hon.  Sec. 

G.  W.  Tomlinson,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  The  Elms,  Huddersfield 


XI. 


TEEMS  OF  ADMISSION  TO  THE  SOCIETY. 

Those  who  are  desirous  of  joining  the  Society,  can  be  admitted,  after 
election  by  the  Council,  on  the  following  conditions  : 

I.  As  Life  Members,  for  a  Composition  of  £5  5s.,  and  an  Admission 

Fee  of  10s.  6d.  which  will  entitle  them  to  receive  gratuitously 
for  life,  the  annual  volumes  of  Transactions  of  the  Society  that 
may  be  issued  after  the  date  of  payment. 

II.  As  Annual  Members,  upon  payment  of  10s.  fid.  Entrance  Fee,  and 

an  annual  subscription  of  10s.  6d.,  which  will  entitle  them  to 
receive  gratuitously,  the  annual  volumes  of  Transactions  for 
every  year  for  which  their  subscriptions  are  paid. 

The  annual  subscription  becomes  due  on  the  22nd  of  April,  and  the 
Treasurer.  Mr.  Eknest  Hartland,  will  be  obliged  if  mem- 
bers will  send  their  subscriptions  to  him  at  Hardwicke  Court, 
Chepstow.  Subscriptions  may  also  be  made  payable  on  the 
22nd  of  April  in  each  year,  through  Members'  Bankers  to  the 
Treasurer  at  the  County  of  Gloucester  Bank,  Gloucester. 

By  order  of  Council,  the  Transactions  of  the  Society  are  only  issued 
to  those  Members  who  have  paid  their  subscriptions  for  the 
corresponding  year. 

Application  for  admission  as  Members  to  be  made  to  the  Rev.  W. 
Bazeley,  M.A.,  Matson  Rectory.  Gloucester.  Honorary  Secretary. 


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