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TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

Bristol and Gloucestershire

Archaeological Society

KOR

1899.

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

^Bristol an<> (Sloucestersbtre

Hrcbscolooical Society

FOR

l899.

Edited by Rev. C. S. TAYLOR, M.A.

VOL. XXII

BRIS roL

PRINTED FOR Till iOi II 1. 1- 1 W ARROWSMITH, QUAY ST!

The Council of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Arch.eological
Society desires that it should be distinctly understood that the
Council is not responsible for any statement made, or opinions
expressed, in the Transactions of the Society. The Authors are
alone responsible for their several Papers and Communications, and
the Editor, Rev. C. S. Taylor, M.A., Banwell Vicarage, Somerset,
for the Notices of Books.

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOL. XXII.

Transactions in the Nailsworth District, May 24th, 1899

Transactions in the Fairford District, August 9th
to nth, 1899

The President's Address on "Stained and Painted
Glass"

Richard, Earl of Cornwall, and Henry of Almaine
By St. Clair Baddeley

Notes on Eastleach Martin and Eastleach Turville
By the Rev. W. H. T. Wright ....

Notes on Chavenage and the Stephens Family. By the
Rev. \V. H. Silvester Davies, M.A. .

Heraldry of the Summer Meeting. By F. Were .

Pleas of the Ckown at Bristol in 1287. By the Rev
E. A. Fuller, M.A.

Documents relating to the Monastery of St. M\i,\
Kingswood, belonging to Mi;. F. F. Fox. Transcrihed
by Mr. V. R. Perkins

Tin-; Abbey of St. Mary, Hayles. By the Rev. William
Bazeley, M.A.

Some Curious Incidents in Bristol History. By
J. Latimer .........

Tin-: Transactions < 1 Society. By the Editou

Notices of Publication

I\ Memoriam: Mrs. Dent, of Sudeley; Mr. C. J. Mo
Mr. William

Pagt

73
86

ui
138

'5"

[79

257
272

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Beverston Church — View from South-West .

„ Western Return of Arcade

Castle — View from the Churchyard
,, ,, South Tower

,, ,, View from North-West .

,, The Barbican

Chavenage House — East View ....
,, ,, South View and North Side

,, Dining Room — Fireplace

Avening Church — View from South-West

„ „ South-}-: ast

,, ,, ,, of Interior

,, ,, Driver Monument

Naii.su okiii Chapel and Priest's House
Ampni v Crucis— Churchyard Cross .

Mevse^ Hampton Church— From the Nor
,, ,, „ Lectern . ■

,, ,, Interior

Fairford Church — Ground Plan
,, ,, Tower .

Lec H L A Dl

Church — Interior

From i he Bridi .i

I I SH \M I in R( II ! N l l RIOR

H-JH

VST

Page

5
6

1 1

iJ
'4
c6
1 8

25
28

29
30
19
42
44
45
46
48

List of Illustrations.

Vll

Little Farringdon Church

Langford Church — Porch ....

,, ,, Crucifix

„ „ Elizabethan Buttresses

Southrop — The Font

Hatherop House — Atkyn's View

mington Church, a.d. 1792
Coln S. Aldwyn's — The Manor House

Bibury — Court

., Village ......

Ablington — -Manor House ....

Sule.e of De.e Matres, Cirencester Museum

Cirencester — Church

Virtues, New College, Oxford

Leaded Glass ......

Enamel ,, ......

C11 wenage Manor

Hayles Abbey — Chapter House

Door of Undercroft of Dormitorv

,, ., ,, ,, Monks' Parlour

,, Moss from Roof of Chapter House
Door of Frater

Page

5i
5^
54

59
61

and 67

77
and 84

-'57
•6i

264
265

TRANSACTIONS OF THE

\mtol an!) ®lammttx$\m ^r c b it 0I a gu a I ^crcichr.

Proceedings at the Spring Meeting in the
Nailsworth District,

On Wednesday, May 24th, 1899.

The Spring Meeting of the Society was held as above, the
arrangements having been made by a Local Committee,
consisting of the Rev. W. H. Silvester Davies, Chairman,
Messrs. A. J. Morton Ball, E. Benjamin, R. Calcutt,
W. J. Clissold, H. Denne, A. E. Dickenson, W. A. East,
Revs. E. W. Edwards, E. W. Evans, Mr. J. Garlick,
Captain Holford, Messrs. E. Kimber, W. Leigh, S. Marling,
H. B. McCall, A. Playne, E. Pollock, Q.C., Rev. G. M.
Scott, Mrs. Selby, Dr. Shettle, Messrs. C. H. Stanton,
Rev. W. Symonds, Miss Tabram, Major Williams, Messrs.
G. Lowsley Williams, and R. Wilson. Messrs. A. E.
Smith and A. H. Paul acted as Local Secretaries.

A large party of members and associates assembled at
Nailsworth Station at n.o, where a number of brakes and
other conveyances awaited them. Among those present
were : Sir John Dorington, President ; Mr. G. M. Currie,
Treasurer; Rev. W. Bazeley, General Secretary; .Mr. A. T.
Martin, Editor of the Transactions ; General Elliot, Colonel
Archer, Dr. Oscar Clarke, Revs. G. S. Master, S. E.
Bartleet, D. L. Pitcairn, Messrs. F. Fox, Morton Ball,
A. E. Hudd, F. Tuckett, W. Seth Smith, E. S. Hartland,
F. A. Hyett, H. Medland, H. W. Broton, C. H. Dancey,

2
Vol. XXII.

2 Transactions for the Year 1899.

H. Kennedy Skipton, J. Bryan, W.J. Stanton, E. P. Little,
F. B. de Sausmerez, most of the members of the Local
Committee, and many ladies.

Some little time elapsed before a start could be made, as,
owing to the unfavourable state of the weather, several
members who had intended cycling thought it more prudent
to ride in the carriages, and it was only by dint of great
exertions by the General and Local Secretaries that seats
could be found for all. At length, all being ready, the
lengthy procession moved off, and went by the Bath Road to

CALCOT BARN,

in the Parish of Newington Bagpath. The following notes
on the places visited were prepared by the General Secretary
for the programme of the Meeting: "The barn, according
to Bigland, is 130 feet long, and is capable of holding 900
loads of corn. Its principal interest, however, lies not in its
great size, but in a stone tablet inserted in the wall, bearing
the following inscription — ' anno gre mcc henrici abbatis
xxix fait dom h edificata,' from which we learn that this
barn, which belonged to Kingswood Abbey, was built by
Abbot Henry, in the time of Edward I., six hundred years
ago. There is another tablet which records that the barn
was partly destroyed by fire in 1728, and was rebuilt by
John Pill, carpenter, at the expense of Thomas Estcourt, Esq.,
the lord of the manor. There is also a carved stone, which
appears to be the top of a Roman legionary monument, with
the figure of a soldier on horseback carrying a round shield,
and followed by men on foot."

After various ingenious suggestions had been made
with regard to the subject of the carving, the party
proceeded to

BEVERSTON CHURCH,

where they were welcomed by the Rector, the Rev. E. W.
Evans.

•' The church consists of a west tower, a modern
porch, a nave 40 ft. by 19 ft., a narrow south aisle, a chapel

Beverston Church.

at the north-east end of the nave, known as the Berkeley

chapel, and a chancel 28 ft. by 14 ft. The church is said to

have been rebuilt in 1361 by Thomas, Lord Berkeley, who

also restored the adjoining Castle. The tower has two

stages, the lower of which is quite plain on the north and

west ; on the south side are two narrow, round-headed

windows, and a piece of sculpture, earlier than the tower

itself, has

been inserted

in the wall.

This has been

thought to

represent S.

Andrew. The

upper stage

is battle-

mented and

pinnacled.

The ar-
cade between
the nave and
south aisle is
Transitional
Norman, or
late 12th cen-
t u r y , and
consists of
three pointed

arches resting on two round capitals with round shafts,
and on two returns of a similar character. The orna-
mented capitals are excellent examples of Transitional
work. The south door belongs to the same period. An
arched canopy in the south aisle is unfortunately hidden
by the organ. The upper part of the pulpit is Decorated or
Edwardian. There is a passage, which, perhaps, at one time
was only a squint or hagioscope, connecting the Berkeley
chapel with the chancel. On the south side of the chancel

BEVERSTON CHURCH FROM S.W.

Transactions for the Year 1899.

are two very beautiful two-light 14th century windows, with
quatrefoil and trefoil cusped compartments in their heads,
and hood-moulding ornamented with ball-flowers. There is
a priests' door with ogee hood-moulding and crocketed
finials. The 15th century piscina resembles a piscina in the
lower chapel of the adjoining Castle."

In the course of some interesting particulars about the
church, the Rector said that previous to the so-called
restoration in 1844, there were some wall paintings visible,

one of which represented
the literal transubstantia-
tion of the consecrated wafer
into the Body of Christ,
with Pope Gregory the
Great kneeling in adoration
before the altar. This, he
thought, was in the chancel.
Another represented the
Last Judgment ; and there
was also a picture of S.
Christopher. These paint-
ings had been covered over,
and the font — originally
beautifully carved — had
been ruthlessly cut away
■by the London architect who took in hand the restoration (?)
to make it more shapely.

The parish, Mr. Evans mentioned, had been without a
resident rector at various times, and it was during one such
period that the ancient rood screen was taken down, and
eventually found its way, in a very mutilated condition, into
the rectory garden, where creepers were trained over it. He
had sent a cartload of the wood to Gloucester, where Mr.
Frith, under the superintendence of Messrs. Waller & Son,
had managed to restore the screen as they saw it, and he
thought they would agree with him that the result was
extremely satisfactory.

WESTERN RETURN OF ARCADE,
BEVERSTON CHURCH.

Beverston Castle. 5

The party, having passed a vote of thanks to the Rector,
on the motion of the President, seconded by the Rev. W.
Bazeley, then proceeded to inspect the various features of
interest in the church, particularly admiring the careful way
in which the screen had been restored.

Arrangements had been made for luncheon in the school-
room ; but as the party was too large to be accommodated at
one time, it was necessary to divide it into two, and while one
half refreshed exhausted nature the other proceeded, under
the guidance of the Rev. W. Bazeley and the Rev. E. W.
Edwards, to

BEVERSTON CASTLE,

which had been kindly thrown open to them by Mr. Garlick.

VIEW OF CASTLE FROM 1SEYERSTON CHURCHYARD.

"The Castle appears to have been built at two distinct
dates — by Maurice de Gaunt, c. 1225, and by Thomas, Lord
Berkeley, c. 1356-61, — but there was probably a fortress on

Transactions for the Year 1899.

the same site before and after the Norman Conquest. The
building, when completed, is said to have been quadrangular,
with four towers, a barbican, and a surrounding moat with
drawbridge. The remains of a. circular tower have been
discovered in the rectory garden, outside the Castle moat.
This tower may have been part of an outer defence, or may
have belonged to an earlier fortress.

At the present time there remain a large tower, which

SOUTH TOWER, BEVERSTON CASTLE.

would have formed the south-west angle, 34 feet long by
30 feet wide and 60 feet high ; another tower, set diagonally
at the north-west angle, 24 feet square ; a curtain or wall
connecting these towers, containing various rooms and
galleries, about 65 feet long; and a barbican commanding
the entrance. The great hall, occupying the south side of
the quadrangle, seems to have been used as a dwelling until
the beginning of the 17th century, when, Mr. Blunt thinks,

Beverston Castle.

it was destroyed by fire. A farmhouse was built on its
site, but this was burnt down about 1791, when the present
house was built. According to Bigland, the Castle was also
devastated by fire in the latter half of the 17th century. An
engraving in his Gloucestershire Collections shows the north-west
tower with a part of the north curtain attached to it, but no
part of the Castle now remains between this tower and the
barbican.

The south-west tower, which is entered by a flat-headed
doorway on the east side, consists of three storeys. The
basement,
probably a
guard - room,
has a plain
13th century
groined roof
and an ogee-
headed win-
dow in very
perfect con-
dition. An
octagonal
turret has
been so in-
securely at-
tached to the
east side of
the great
tower that it
has ; been

found necessary to secure it with bolts and a chain. It
contains [a newel staircase, by which access is obtained to
the upper part of the building. A large room on the first
floor, which probably was originally used for domestic
purposes, was set aside in the 15th century as a garrison
chapel. This is shown by the sedilia and piscina of that
date. What remains of the 14th century east window shows

GENERAL VIEW OE CASTLE FROM N.W.

Transactions for the Year 1899.

that it must have been exceedingly graceful. Another large
room occupies the third floor, and next to it in the curtain is
a small chapel, which served for religious worship until the
15th century. This earlier chapel could contain very few
worshippers, but a large number of people occupying the
adjoining rooms could see the priest through the squints, of
which there are two on either side.

From the top of the tower, on which the Union Jack

was flying
in honour
of Her
Maj esty 's
birthday, a
good view
was obtain-
ed of the
church, vil-
lage, and
surrounding
country.

A gallery
with a nar-
row passage
on its west
side, oc-
cupying a
great part
of the first
floor of the

curtain, is now used as store-rooms for the farm. The
north-west tower is entered from the courtyard behind the
dwelling-house. The room on the basement retains its
groining, but those above have lost their floors. Various
fireplaces and windows enable one to reconstruct in imagina-
tion the rooms which were probably occupied by the lord's
family. There are no traces of the north-east and south-east
towers, if they ever existed. The barbican commands the

THE BARBICAN, BEVERSTON CASTLE.

Chavenage House. 9

chief entrance and the drawbridge over the moat, its outer
and inner walls being pierced for gateways. Near it is a
picturesque barn said to have been built to accommodate
pilgrims on their way to Malmesbury.

In 105 1 Beverston was the scene of a great gathering of
the retainers of Earl Godwin and his sons, Harold and
Sweyn. After the Norman Conquest Beverston, being a
manor dependent on the King's Hundred of Berkeley, was
granted to Roger de Berkeley, Lord of Dursley. On account
of his devotion to King Stephen, this and most of his other
manors were taken from him by Henry II., and conferred on
Robert Fitzhardinge. On Robert's death it passed to his
third son, Robert, surnamed Weare, who was the ancestor
of the Gaunts, Gournays, and Ap Adams, its subsequent
possessors. Thomas Ap Adam sold it to Thomas, Lord
Berkeley in 1331, and he rebuilt it. From the Berkeleys
the manor and Castle passed in succession to the Poyntzes,
Fleetwoods, Earstfields, Hickses, and the present proprietors,
the Holfords.

The most interesting period in the history of the Castle is
the year 1644, when it was besieged by the Parliamentary
forces under Colonel Massey, Governor of Gloucester. It
held out successfully under Colonel Oglethorpe, its Royalist
governor; but a little later on, when Oglethorpe had been
taken prisoner, it was surrendered to Massey by its despondent
garrison. Colonel Henry Stephens, a kinsman of the late
owner of Chavenage, then held it for the Parliament."

When the second division of the party had finished lunch
the carriages were again entered, and a short drive brought
the excursionists to

chavenage house.

" This interesting manor house, which lies in the parish of
Horsley, about two miles north-west of Tetbury, was built in
the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and altered at the end of the
17th and at the beginning of the 19th century. Like many
other houses of the same date, it was originally built in the

Transactions for the Year 1899.

form of the letter E. It contains many windows of 14th
century work, which were doubtless brought from Horsley
Priory, a cell belonging to the Priory of Bruton, in Somerset-
shire, which formerly stood on the south side of the parish
church of Horsley.

Chavenage was part of the manor of Horsley, which
was granted in 1542 to Sir Thomas Seymour, and, on his
attainder, to Sir W. Dennys, of Dyrham, whose son Richard

sold it to the
Stephenses
of Easting-
ton. The
representa-
tive of that
f a m i 1 y in
the reign of
Elizabeth
was Edward
Stephens,
who mar-
ried Joan,
daughter of
Richard
Fowler, of
Stonehouse.
Their ini-
tials E. S.
and I.S. are
to be seen
on the labels of the hood-moulding of the porch, also the date
1576, which is probably the date of the building of the
house.

The arms of Stephens, per chevron azure and argent, in chief
two falcons rising or, and their crest, a demi-eagle displayed or,
appear in many parts of the mansion. The Fowler arms,
quarterly azure and or, on the first quarter a hawk's lure and line of
the second, may be found on the mantelpiece of the hall.

EAST VIEW OF HOUSE.

Chavenage House.

In 1891

Chavenage

was pur-
chased by

Mr. G.

Lowsley

Williams,

by whose

kind per-

mission

the Society

visited it.
On the

party, or

rather a

portion of

it, assem-
bling in

the hall,

Mr. Seth

Smith gave a description of the chief architectural features

of the
house, illus-
trating his
remarks by
a plan which
he had pre-
pared; after-
wards the
members
dispersed
throughout
the house,
visiting
with much
interest
various

VIEW OF NORTH SIDE.

SOUTH VIEW OF CHAVENAGE HOUSE.

Transactions for the Year 1899.

rooms associated with the names of Sir Philip Sidney,
Lord Leicester, Oliver Cromwell (this room contains some
excellent tapestry), General Ireton, Lord Essex (general

of the Par-
liamentary
forces),
Colonel
Stephens,
Sir Hugh
Cholmonde
ley, Queen
Anne and
her prime
minister,
(H a r 1 e y ,
Earl of
Oxford.)
In Queen
Anne's room
is a beauti-
fully-carved
oak bed-
stead, two

chairs of her date, and some Flemish glass representing
Adam and Eve and the Judgment of Solomon.

After spending some time in and around the house, the
members betook themselves to their carriages, and after a.
pleasant drive arrived at

AVENING,

where they were courteously welcomed by the Rector, the
Rev. E. W, Edwards, who asked them before entering the
church to sing the national anthem, it being Her Majesty's
birthday, a request which was, of course, willingly complied
with. The Rev. W. Bazeley then described at some length
the most noticeable features of the structure.

"The Church of the Holy Rood is approached from the
north by an ancient bridge spanning the Avon, a streamlet

DINING ROOM FIREPLACE, CHAVENAGE HOUSE.

Avening Church.

which gives its name to the parish. A view of the church in
Bigland's Gloucester skive Collections, taken from this point,
shows a road skirting the churchyard wall, and a man with
two pack-horses in the foreground, which quite bears out the
local tradition that the Bath road originally ran between the
churchyard and the Avon.

A valuable report of the church, drawn up by Messrs.
Carpenter and Ingelow, architects, will be found in the 14th
volume of
this Society's
Transactions.
The church
consists of
a nave with
north porch
and north
aisle, a cen-
tral tower
with north
and south
transepts,
and a chan-
cel.

The west
wall of the
church ap-
pearstohave

been rebuilt in the 18th century, when the 14th century west
door was shortened and blocked up, and a classical west
window of two lights was inserted above it.

On the south side the two-light windows, one with a
cusped sixfoil head and the other with a quatrefoil head, are
Decorated or 14th century ; the buttresses and middle window
are a century later. There are traces of a south door, which
was stopped up when the Perpendicular window was inserted.

The south transept dates from the 13th century. It has a
Decorated window at the south end which has lost its original

VIEW OF CHURCH FROM S.W,

Transactions for the Year 1899.

tracery, a blocked-up Perpendicular three-light window on the
east, and a modern doorway on the west. The lower part of
the tower is Norman, the upper stage and the battlements are
Perpendicular. The original Norman windows of the belfry
are seen above the roof of the nave. Three square-headed
Perpendicular windows have been inserted on the south-east
and north sides of the belfry. There is a staircase leading
to the belfry on the south side of the tower, the original
entrance to which was within the chancel. The chancel is

twice as long
as it was origin-
ally ; the west-
e r n half is
the eastern
Norman, and
Decorated. The
latter was prob-
ably built as a
Lady Chapel
when the earlier
Lady Chapel
was destroyed
by fi r e . A
14th century
wall-plate with
characteristic
ball-flower
ornament runs
along the

whole length of the chancel wall. There is a two-light
14th century window on the south side. The mullions and
transoms of the east window are modern insertions. The
original sill remains. On the north side of the chancel the
foundations of the east wall of the Early English Lady
Chapel remain, and a round-headed piscina. One of the
original Norman windows appears high up on the north
wall, and beneath it is a 14th century window of a flamboyant

VIEW OF CHURCH FKOM S.E.

Avening Church. 15

character, which was inserted when the 13th century door-
way, leading from the chancel into the older Lady Chapel,
was blocked up.

The north transept was also built in the 13th century, but
has undergone more alterations than the south transept.
The beautiful east and north windows were inserted in the
14th century. The tracery of the latter was renewed in
1888, but the hood-moulding with its rose and ball-flower
terminations is original. In the west wall of this transept
may be seen the remains of a Norman doorway. If this is
in its original position, there must have been a 12th century
transept or some other building on the site of the present
transept.

The porch is of two dates. When constructed in the 13th

century it had only one storey, the roof of which was clear

of the Norman arch of the north door; but in the 15th

century it was divided into two storeys, the upper one

serving as a parvise or priest's chamber. A square-headed

doorway, having its spandrels filled with delicately carved

oak-leaves was inserted in the 12th century arch and a

hood-moulding with square terminations, ornamented with

foils. The Norman arch fortunately survives the 13th, 14th

and 15th century restorations, to say nothing of the many

later ones. The capitals, which rest on twisted shafts with

circular and square bases, are carved on the east side with

two lions, the heads of which appear to merge into a human

face, and on the west with the braided work characteristic of

Runic or .Saxon crosses. The head of the arch is now

enshrined in the Parvise. The tympanum is gone and a

plain stone occupies its place. In the east wall of the

parvise is a doorway with a lintel resting on chamfered

brackets. There are no traces of an internal staircase

in the porch, and the approach to the parvise may have

been from the rood-loft stairs through a chamber over the

north aisle.

On entering the church, a curious piece of carved stone is
seen in the east jamb of the doorway. It looks like the side

Transactions for the Year 1899.

of a Norman font, and contains three pairs of figures. A
fragment of this stone is also built into the external jamb.

The main walls of the nave are Norman, but the south
windows are 14th and 15th century insertions. The roof has
a higher pitch than the ordinary 12th century roof; at the
east end above the timbers may be seen the Norman door-
way which led from the belfry into the space above the
Norman ceiling. On the north side of the nave a mutilated

VIEW OF INTERIOR.

Norman arcade of two round arches, resting on a shaft with
a round cap, separates it from a narrow aisle rebuilt in the
14th century. The roof of the aisle was reconstructed in
the 17th century. It is evident that there was a rood-screen
across the east end of the nave, for the pillars of the west
arch of the tower have been cut away to receive it. The
doorway at the top of the once existing rood stairs remains.
A 13th century pointed arch occupies the place of Hie

Avening Church. 17

original Norman arch in the west wall of the tower. On
the south side of the tower arch is a recess with a segmental
Norman arch, ornamented with chevron moulding. Here,
no doubt, stood the altar of the Holy Rood, the piscina of
which still remains in the south wall.

The groining of the tower is Norman, and has two
diagonal square ribs resting on shafts fitted in the four
angles, and there are two deeply splayed Norman windows
above the north arch. The tower appears to have been
built with solid north and south walls, but these were
cleverly pierced with pointed arches in the 13th century.
The eastern arch of the tower is fairly perfect and
consists of a plain segmental head resting on massive
capitals with inverted - cone moulding and half-round
shafts.

Messrs. Carpenter and Ingelow, in their report, call
attention to a square opening, or hagioscope, in the north-
west pier of the tower, which was apparently filled in when
the Early English arches were pierced in the north and
south walls, and also to a low chamfered jamb in the angle of
the tower buttress. These, they think, may indicate the
existence of a recluse's cell similar to that mentioned on the
Clopton brass at Cjuinton, in this county. (See Transactions,
vol. xiii. 168.) But for the jamb the opening would have been
called a leper's window. It will be seen that the edge of the
tower arch has been chamfered to enable the person using the
window to see the priest officiating at the altar of the Holy
Rood. The roofs of the transepts were altered in the 17th
century and the old cross braces removed. The mortices
remain.

The south transept has been used as a burial chapel by
the Driver family, of Aston, near Cherington. There are
four of their monuments on the walls. One of them depicts
John Driver, who died in 1687. A pedigree of the family is
given in the Heralds Visitation of 1682-3, p. 59. The heraldic
bearings of the family were: Per pale indented argent and azuv
two lions combatant counter-charged.

3
Vol. XXII.

Transactions for the Year 1899.

In the north transept is the monument of Henry Bridges,
fourth son of John, Lord Chandos of Sudeley, who died
January 14th, 1615. Henry Bridges, we learn from Mrs.
Dent's Annals of Winchcombe and Sudeley, in his early days led
the life of a freebooter, " indulging in deeds of lawlessness
and robbery almost surpassing our modern powers of belief."
He left the county for a time and dwelt in Kent, but he
eventually married the eldest daughter of Samuel Sheppard,
Esquire, of Gatcombe, lord of the manor of Avening, and

settled down in this retired
spot. Sir E. Bridges says
that in his time (circa 1815)
traditions of his maraud-
ings still hung about the
Gloucestershire village
where he lies buried.

The groining of the

chancel is extremely good,

the 14th century moulded

ribs harmonising well with

the round diagonal ribs of

the 12th century. The

later work has carved

bosses at the intersections;

the earlier none. A 14th

century piscina remains

on the south side of the

sanctuary, and there are

two blocked-up Norman doorways, one leading to the belfry

and another, as has been already mentioned, connecting the

chancel with the earlier Lady Chapel.

The belfry is now reached by an external doorway and by
a staircase built against the south wall of the tower. A
doorway from the belfry leads into the space above the
groining of the chancel, which is lighted by a small quatre-
foil window in the east wall. It is possible that there was
at one time a priest's chamber here as at Elkstone, where

driver monument in s. transept.

Avening Church. 19

it was converted into a culver or pigeon-house, but there are
no traces of floor beams.

There are five bells — three cast in 1628, another cast by-
Abraham Rudhall, of Gloucester, in 1756, and a fifth with
the names of the churchwardens cut out. For a brief time
there was a sixth bell, for about 1830 the Avening ringers
conceived the bold plan of transferring the treble bell of
Cherington to their own belfry to complete their peal,
believing that if it were once there it would belong to the
church. The theft was successfully accomplished, but the
magistrates soon showed them that their law was faulty, for
they ordered the bell to be replaced at Cherington, and
punished the culprits with six months' imprisonment. In
Ellacombe's Church Bells of Gloucestershire, pp. 144-6, are two
copies of verses on " The Rape of the Cherington Bell."

Avening has had two well-known rectors : Robert
Frampton and George Bull. Robert Frampton, who was
Dean of Gloucester from 1673 to 1681, and Bishop of
Gloucester from 1681 to 1691, held Avening, as well as
Standish, with his bishopric till 1685. He was deprived of
his bishopric in 1691, after the accession of William III.,
because he refused to take the oath of allegiance and
supremacy. On his resignation, George Bull, rector of
Siddington and prebendary of Gloucester, was presented
to Avening by Mr. Philip Sheppard. He built a rectory-
house, lived amongst his people, and overcame their aversion
to his faithful teaching by his loving ministrations. In 1705
he was appointed to the see of S. David's, but died in 1709.

Avening was one of the many manors possessed by the
unfortunate Brictric, son of Algar ; and it is said in the
Domesday Book that he had a hawks' eyry there. After
the Conquest Brictric was deprived of his estates and thrown
into prison. Avening was bestowed on Queen Matilda, and
she gave it to the Abbaye aux Dames which she had founded
for nuns at Caen. In the reign of Henry V., when the
alien priories iwere dissolved, the manor of Avening was
appropriated to the Bridgetine Convent of Sion, founded by

20 Transactions for the Year 1899.

him in 1414. At the dissolution of the monasteries the
manor was granted to Andrew, Lord Windsor, who sold it to
the Sheppards."

Before the members left the church, it was mentioned by
the Rev. W. Bazeley that the building was in a somewhat
dangerous condition, and that it was proposed to undertake
certain repairs, but he was convinced that nothing would be
done to destroy its ancient features.

The Rector said that the parishioners were proud of this
old church, and the necessary repairs would be carried out
in a very conservative spirit. They did not aim at such a
restoration as was carried out in some churches, where very
little was left of the old building.

The party then proceeded to the grounds of the New
Rectory to visit, by the kind permission of Mrs. Selby, some
pre-historic stone chambers. They were removed there in
1806 from a long barrow, 165 ft. long and 59 ft. wide, which
then existed in a field near Avening Court. Two chambers
were discovered, in one of which were eight and in the other
three skeletons. The circular entrance roughly cut in the
two front stones of one of the dolmens is very similar to that

VIEW OF CHAPEL AND PRIEST S HOUSE, NAILSWORTH.

Chapel and Priest's House, Nailsworth. 21

found in the Rodmarton barrow. See Transactions, vol., v.
p. 99; and Archaologia, vol. xvi., p. 362, where a plan of
the interior is given.

A lovely drive down the Longfords valley brought the
party to Nailsworth, where, by the kind invitation of Miss
Tabram, they inspected the very interesting ancient chapel
and priest's house at the Bannuts. Until recently, this part
of Nailsworth was a chapelry of Avening, and, no doubt, in
mediaeval times one of the priests of the Parish Church
lived here and ministered to the inhabitants. For many
years the chapel has been put to secular purposes, and at
one time was even used as a stable ! A portion of it is now
utilized as a museum of interesting relics, which were
collected by the late Mr. Tabram, to whom we are indebted
for his care of these ancient buildings.

After tea in the National Schoolroom, lent for the purpose
by the Rev. G. M. Scott, the vicar of Nailsworth, the party
repaired to the railway station for their various destinations.

TRANSACTIONS OF THE

jSristtfl aiifr <&\mmtm\m ^xtlrxolaqml %at\ttx\f

At the Annual Summer Meeting at Fairford,

On Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, August 9th, 10th,

and 11th, 1899.

The Twenty-third Annual Meeting of the Society was held
at Fairford on the above-mentioned dates, and as the
weather was beautifully fine it proved to be most
successful and enjoyable. Upwards of a hundred members
were present. That comfortable angling hostelry, " The
Bull Hotel," was made the headquarters, and Mr. and Mrs.
Busby's excellent arrangements and unremitting exertions
for the comfort of the large number of guests committed to
their care gave complete satisfaction. The meeting was
admirably organised by the General Secretary, the Rev. W.
Bazeley, whose comprehensive illustrated Guide to the places
visited was highly appreciated ; while the necessary and
multifarious local arrangements were excellently planned
and carried out by Mr. F. B. Bulley, who kindly undertook
the arduous duties of Local Secretary. Mr. Gardner S.
Bazley, as President for the year, entered on his duties
in the course of the first day of the meeting, and his notable
Presidential address on the subject of stained glass — a
peculiarly appropriate topic to be selected for treatment at
Fairford — was one of the not least striking features of a
highly interesting and enjoyable meeting. The following
were the Local Committee, and most of them were present
during the whole or a portion of the meeting : Rev. F. R.

Ampney Crucis. 23

Carbonell (Chairman), Mr. E. A. Abbey, Lieutenant-Colonel
D. Archer, Mr. H. C. Barkley, Rev. F. D. Bateman,
Earl Bathurst, Rev. G. H. Barrett, Mr. C. H. Bloxsome,
Mr. C. Bowly, Rev. A. H. Browne, D.D., Rev. L. B. Bubb,
Rev. J. A. B. Cardus, Major Chambres, Rev. A. Clementson,
Rev. D. G. Compton, Messrs. R. D. Cooper, R. Daubeney,
R. Dimsdale, Rev. R. P. Davies, Mr. R. Elwell, Rev.
J. A. Ford, Messrs. A. Hussey Freke, H. Martin Gibbs,
Sir M. E. Hicks-Beach, Bart., M.P., Rev. W. P. Hand,
Messrs. A. Henderson, M.P., A. Hitchman- Iles, Rev.
C. C. Johnson, Messrs. J. Joicey, J. Jones, Captain Kent,
Mr. A. U. Kent, Rev. W. S. Leonard, Mr. C. Lewis,
Rev. C. M. R. Luckman, Mr. G. L. Macgowan, Rev. J.
MacKaye, Mr. H. J. Marshall, Rev. F. C. Master, Mr. T.
Butt-Miller, Rev. H. J. Morton, Colonel Porter, Rev.
H. P. Sketchley, Rev. C. E. Squire, Mr. G. Sloper,
Rev. F. R. Steavenson, Mr. J. Thornton, Captain W. F.
Tosswill, Rev. G. J. Woodward, Rev. W. H. Wright,
and Mr. S. P. Yates. Among others present were : Sir
John Dorington, Bart., M.P. (President for 1898-99), the
Revs. J. S. Sinclair, W. Bazeley, G. S. Master, F. E.
Broome Witts, Bagnall Oakley, Messrs. Christopher
Bowly, F. F. Fox, A. J. Morton Ball, H. W. Bruton,
G. M. Currie, St. Clair Baddeley, G. H. Woollaston,
J. S. Pritchard, S. H. Swayne, J. Baker, F. F. Tuckett,
F. R. V. Witts, F. J. Tarr, P. Were, H. E. Norris,
De Sausmerez, Leigh, Lloyd Baker, &c. The gathering
included a large number of ladies.

On Wednesday morning, starting from Fairford, or Cirencester, as
the railway service was to each most convenient, the party assembled at
Ampney Crucis, where they were received at the Church of the Holy Rood
by the Vicar, the Rev. J. C. Johnson. The following account of Ampney
Crucis, as well as of the other places visited, is taken mainly from the
Archaological Notes which had been prepared by the General Secretary,
the Rev. William Bazeley, for this meeting : —

" The present parish of Ampney Crucis is made up of no fewer than
seven manors called Omenie at the time of the great survey, A.n. 1086.
There was a priest with a church possessing half a hide of land and four

24 Transactions for the Year 1899.

acres of meadow here at that time, and the Church of the Holy Rood is
mentioned a few years later. Three manors in Omenie were held by Turstin
Fitz Rolf, Humphry the Chamberlain, and Baldwin, which had been held
in the days of the Confessor by Tovy, Elwy, and Alwyn respectively.
Humphry's manor and the church were conferred by William II. on
Tewkesbury Abbey, and this grant was confirmed by Henry I. At the
Dissolution the manor was obtained by the Pleydells who held it till the
18th century, when it passed by marriage to John, Viscount Downe. He
sold it in 1765 to Samuel Blackwell. The church, which is cruciform,
without aisles, may be called a 13th century building, though it contains
portions of an earlier one. The chancel arch with its zig-zag moulding
and a walled-up doorway and deeply splayed window on the north aisle
of the nave are Norman. In the 13th century the nave, transepts, and
chancel appear to have been rebuilt. . The south door, the western tower,
the arches of the transepts, with their dog-tooth moulding, and the
transept windows all belong to this period. In the 15th century the pitch
of the nave roof was lowered, as may be seen by the drip on the east side
of the tower, and embattled parapets were added to the nave and tower.
The east window of the south transept is a good example of Perpendicular
architecture. In the angle between the south transept and the chancel is
a projection which once contained the stairs of the rood loft. The
entrance to these in the transept is now walled up. There is a sanctus
bell-turret on the east gable of the nave.

The church contains several memorials of the Pleydells, and a
monument to Viscount Downe, who commanded the 25th Regiment of Foot
at the battle of Minden, and who was mortally wounded at the battle of
Cam pen in 17C0. There is also a freestone monument with the figures of
a man, his wife, and sixteen children, which Atkyns, relying on an
heraldic coat of arms, assigns to George Lloyd, once lord of the manor,
ancestor to the Lloyds of Whitminster.

The Churchyard Cross, of which we give a view from Savory's
Visitors' Guide to Cirencester, was restored thirty-five or forty years ago.
under the superintendence of Canon Howman, Rector of Barnsley. It
has a gabled head, octagonal shaft and base and square steps. It is not
clear that all these parts belonged originally to one and the same cross.
The total height is 13 ft. 8 in. The head has four sides, those on the east
and west being wider than those on the north and south. In the trefoiled
niche on the east side is a complete rood, i.e. a figure of the crucified
Saviour with St. Mary on His right hand and St. John on His left. The
feet of the dead Saviour are crossed and fastened by a single nail. The
only garment is a loin cloth.

On the west side are St. Mary and the Holy Child. St. Mary, who
holds the Child on her right knee wears a closely-fitting kirtle, laced in

Ampney Crucis.

front, and over this a long mantle fastened by a brooch. A small portion
of her crown remains.

On the north side on a pedestal stands a headless soldier in plate-

CHUKCHYARD CROSS, AMPNEY CRUCIS.
Lent by Messrs. Savory & Cole, Cirencester.

armour, with a lance in his right hand. He wears a breast-plate, quatre-
foil pallettes, a skirt of taces with a baldric or tranverse belt, gauntlets,
genouillieres or knee-plates, and solkrets. lie holds in his left hand a

26 Transactions for the Year 1899.

round object that may be the handle of a dagger, but it would be the
wrong hand for it. Around his neck is a collar of roses. He probably
wore a bascinet. Pooley suggests that this figure represents Robert Fitz
Hamon, founder of Tewkesbury A.bbey, in the beginning of the 13th
century ; Sir Henry Dryden thinks it is the donor of the cross. Perhaps
it is Longinus, who pierced our Lord's side with a spear, and, so tradition
says, became a Christian.

The baldric or transverse belt, Haines says, does not appear on
monumental effigies after 1418, whereas the skirt of taces was introduced
about that time ; so the date of the cross should be about 1410.

The figure on the south side, which Pooley calls Geraldus, the first
abbot of Tewkesbury, is undoubtedly St Lawrence, for he holds in his
right hand a gridiron and wears a deacon's robes, an alb, and a dalmatic."

A bird's-eye view of Ampney Crucis, given by Atkyns, includes the
church and a fragment of the cross. Ampney House, the residence of
E. W. Cripps, Esq., contains a fine Elizabethan chimney-piece.

At the adjacent manorial residence, Ampney Park, the party were
received by Mr. William Cripps, and inspected with much interest the
handsome mantelpiece in the drawing-room, erected by Robert Pleydell in
1625, and also the beautiful ceiling in the same room, the work of the
French and Flemish plasterers brought over by James I.

Leaving Ampney Crucis, the party had a peep at the well-nigh
deserted Church of St. Mary, Ampney, which consists of a nave and
chancel, with a bell-cot on the east gable of the nave, and a priest's door
on the south side of the chancel. The chief object of interest is the door-
way on the north side of the nave, now blocked up. A sketch of it and
some notes by Sir Henry Dryden are given in our Transactions, vol. xvi.,
p. 131.

The Domesday representative of this church must have been served
by the priest of Reinbald's manor of Omenie, but almost all the land of
this manor must lie in Ampney Crucis. Durandus' manor of Esbroc and
Humphrey's manor of Estbroce represent Ashbrook or Ampney St. Mary.

MEYSEY HAMPTON

was the next stopping place, and at the church the party was received by
the rector, the Rev. J. A. Ford, and one of the churchwardens, Mr. J. L.
Burgess, being welcomed with a peal on the bells. This manor was held
in the time of Edward the Confessor by Leueric. In 1086 (d.s.) it was the
only Gloucestershire possession of Roger de Montgomerie, the great Earl.
His son Hugh being banished for treason, his lands were seized by Henry I.
Hampton Meysey then became part of the honour of Gloucester. The
Knights Templars appear to have farmed the manor in the time of
Henry III., since they held Court Leets. They were also patrons of
the living.

Meysey Hampton. 27

" Sir Richard Atkyns tells us that Robert de Meysey, Sheriff of the
County in 1255, was then lord of the manor. His son and heir, William,
was succeeded by a son, John, who died leaving an only daughter, Eva or
Eleanour. This Eva was married to Nicholas, son and heir of Lawrence
de St. Maur, of Rode, Somerset, who was summoned to Parliament as
Baron St. Maur in I3i5,and died in the following year, leaving by his first
wife, Eva de Meysey, a son, Thomas, and by Helen de la Zouch, his
second wife, a son Nicholas. Thomas died (s.p.) and his half-brother,
Nicholas, was summoned to Parliament as Baron St. Maur from 1350 to
1360. He married Muriel, daughter and heir of Lord Lovel of Kari, and
was succeeded by his son Richard, who married Ela, daughter of Sir John
de Loo, and died about 1400.

His son and heir, Richard, married Mary, daughter of Thomas
Peyner, and, dying in 1408, was succeeded by his only daughter, Alice,
born posthumously. She married William, 5th Lord Zouche of Haryn-
worth, and their son William became 6th Lord Zouche and Baron St.
Maur. He died in 1466, leaving John, his son and heir, 7th Lord Zouche.
He sided with Richard III. against Henry VII., and was attainted after
the battle of Bosworth Field. Atkyns tells us that the manor of Meysey
Hampton passed by the marriage of the daughter of William, Lord
Zouche, to William Saunders, who was lord of the manor in 1534, and
levied a fine of it to Edmund, Lord Chandos.

In 1608, Sir John Hungerford held the manor, and, late in the 17th
century, Mr. Barker, of Fairford, obtained it from Sir Matthew Hale in
exchange for the manor of Alderley. Amongst the principal residents have
been the Jenners of Marston, the Bedwells, and Forshews.

The plan of the church, which is dedicated to S. Mary, is cruciform,
and comprises a nave with south porch, a central tower, north and south
transepts, and a chancel. The church was probably built by the Knights
Templars or the de Clares early in the 13th century, and the chancel was
altered and greatly beautified in the 14th century by the Meyseys or St.
Maurs, two of whose tombs are still preserved, and one has been only
recently destroyed. •

On the left side of the doorway of the porch is a bracket for the figure
of a saint. We should have expected to find it above the arch, but the
porch seems to have been built with a view to placing it where it is.

There is a good Early English window at the west end of the nave,
having two lower trefoiled lights and a quatrefoil above.

The windows of the nave and transepts are single or double lancets
with dripstones or hood mouldings, and a string course below. There is
an entrance to the tower staircase on the outer east wall of the transept,
which was made for the use of the ringers about 1850.

The chancel has a two-light window on the north side and a modern

Transactions for the Year 1899.

vestry. The geometrical east window is a beautiful example of 14th
century work. The double border of ball-flower ornament gives it a very
rich appearance. It would seem, from a sketch taken by Mrs. Lee,
daughter of the Rev. W. Holmes, a former rector of this parish, that this
window has been recently shortened, which is truly to be deplored.
Bigland says the window in the chancel is of curious architecture, of the
Norman style, ornamented with nail-head moulding. I do not know that
any window of the chancel has been destroyed since 1786. Can he be
speaking of the east window ? Mrs. Lee's sketch, which she has kindly
allowed us to reproduce, shews a little low window close to the two-light
window on the north side of the chancel. This we shall find when we

-r-
I

MEYSEY HAMPTON CHURCH FROM N.E.
From a Sketch by Mrs. Lee, c. 1851.

enter the chancel has been removed farther east. The buttresses of the
east wall, which are similar to those of the tower, have simple slopes as
set-offs, and are characteristic of 13th century, or Early English, masonry.
On the south side of the chancel are three 14th century windows, a priest's
door, and a projection, the object of which will appear when we enter the
chancel.

The tower has a round-headed two-light window on each side. The
plain embattled parapet was probably added in the 15th century. The
Jacobaean lectern and a chain for securing the Bible which rested on it,
with the inscription "Christian Jacketts, 1622," is more curious than
beautiful. We were unable to find the name of Jackets in the register, so

Meysey Hampton Church.

probably he was the maker. Perhaps James Vaulx was the donor. The
tower has four plain chamfered arches resting on octagonal caps, shafts,
and bases, and is supported by massive buttresses.

In the south transept is a handsome Jacobaean monument with the
effigies of James Vaulx, his wives, Edith Jenner and "Philip" Horton,
and sixteen children. This monument was formerly in the chancel affixed
to the north wall. Rudder tells us that Doctor Vaulx's reputation was so
great that King James I. thought of making him his own royal physician,
but wisely enquired how he had obtained his knowledge of the healing

art. The reply being " By
practice," his majesty re-
joined : " Then by my saul
thou hast killed mony a
man, thou shalt na' practise
upon me." In the south
transept there is or was a
memorial stone to Margaret
Griswald (" a pearl of
price") who died at Mar-
ston, whither she had gone
for Dr. Vaulx's advice !

On the north side of
the Chancel, where the
founder's tomb should be,
is a beautiful altar-tomb,
of the same date as the
east window, with a tre-
foiled canopy, ball-flower
ornament, and seven shields
from which the heraldic
bearings have been obli-
terated. This tomb I am
inclined to assign to Eva
the last of the Meyseys,
first wife of Nicholas, Lord
St. Maur. If so, its date is about 1310. The arms of St. Maur were Argent,
two chevrons gules, a label azure. The arms of Meysey were, I believe,
Argent a /esse between three cinque/oils sable, pierced of the field. The arms of
de la Zouche are argent bexantel. The slab which covered the tomb has
been removed and the dust of the noble dead has been swept away. In
i860, another tomb occupied the place of the founder's tomb, and was then
described as being "much altered and cut off at the top and now a plain
arch." In another sketch of Mrs. Lee's, which we give, this second tomb

LECTERN" IN MEYSEY HAMPTON CHURCH.

3°

Transactions for the Year 1899.

appears in its original position. The Vaulx monument in Bigland's time
was in the chancel, and Mrs. Lee tells us that it completely hid the
beautiful 14th century tomb, and was therefore removed to its present
position in the south chancel. The decorated tomb had then as now the
hagioscope, in the shape of a little window, at the back of it. In the time
of the Rev. W. H. Ranken, Rector from 1869 to 1884, the plainer tomb
was taken away and the richer one placed where it now is, in order that a
door might be constructed into the new vestry. Every endeavour should
be made to find this tomb and replace it in the church. The mouldings
might give us a clue to its date and thus possibly to the name of the
person who lay in it. The opening behind the tomb suggests the question :
Was this originally what is known as a leper window, or was it a

INTERIOR OF MEYSEY HAMPTON CHURCH.
From a sketch by Mrs. Lee.

hagioscope? If the latter, then on the site of the prescent vestry there
was once a chapel or an anchorite's cell to which access could only be
obtained from the churchyard.

Bigland tells us also that in one of the windows of the chancel were
the arms of de Clare, which are three chevrons gules. Perhaps this was a
mistake and they were really the two chevrons gules of St. Maurs.

There are some fragments of 14th century glass still remaining, and it
would be well to search carefully for traces of the Meysey and St. Maur
arms. Mrs. Lee's sketch shows a bracket for a statue on either side of
the altar, and part of one canopy.

On the south side of the chancel are four beautiful 14th century

Report of the Council. 31

niches with crocketted canopies, one of which, that furthest east, contains
a piscina and a credence : the three others are sedilia. Next to these is
an altar-tomb, somewhat later than that on the north side, but of the
same date as the sedilia. As the wall was not thick enough for a recess,
the projection, we saw outside, was constructed when the tomb was made;
it may be the dust of one of the St. Maurs still rests here. Next to the
tomb is a priest's door, and on its right, inserted in the wall, is a very
ancient poor's box roughly hewn out of a tree and bound with iron hoops.
Mrs. Lee's sketches are of great help in ascertaining the architecural
history of this interesting church. Would that such existed of every
church in the country which has been similarly restored."

The next move was made to Fairford, which Cobbett, in his Rural
Rides, described in his usually outspoken manner. He said : " Fairford is
a pretty little market town, and has one of the prettiest churches in the
kingdom. It was, they say, built in the reign of Henry VII., and one is
naturally surprised to see that its windows of beautiful stained glass had
the luck to escape not only the fangs of the ferocious good Queen Bess,
not only the unsparing plundering of the minions of James I., but even
the devastating ruffians of Cromwell." Before, however, the church was
inspected, there were two important functions demanding observance.
First luncheon was laid out at "The Bull Hotel," and after the morning
ride and visits to several villages, the fare provided was duly appreciated.
Luncheon over,

THE ANNUAL MEETING

of the Society was held in the Crofts Hall, kindly lent by Mr. \V. C.
Arkell. Sir John Dorington presided, and called upon the Rev.
\V. Bazeley to read the Report of the Council, as follows : —

Report of the Council of the Bristol and Gloucestershire
Arch.eological Society for 1899

The Council of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society
present the following Report for the year ending August, 1899.

There are at present 321 annual members, S3 life members, and
3 honorary members on the Society's list, giving a total strength of 407.

The income for the year ending December 31st, 1898, including a
balance of /414 10s. on the 1st of January, 1898, was £637 14s. 2d., and
the expenditure £244 4s. 8d., leaving a balance of ^393 9s. Gd , in the
Treasurer's hands on the 1st of January, 1899. From this sum must be
deducted the cost of the Transactions for [898 and the Index to Vols. I.— XX ,
which is drawing near completion and ought to be in the members' hands
before the close of this year.

The Society held its Summer Meeting for 1898 in London, under the
presidency of Sir John Dorington, Bart., Ml'. The programme included

32 Transactions for the Year 1899.

visits to many places of national interest in and near the metropolis and
to many others to which, except on such occasions as these, few persons
obtain access. The attendance of members was perhaps greater than at
any previous meeting, and the weather was all that could be desired.
Marked courtesy and kindness were extended to the Society by the Lord
Mayor of London, by the Masters and Wardens of the following City
Guilds — the Brewers, Armourers and Braziers, Drapers, and Barbers ; by
the Library Committee and Librarian of the Guildhall ; by Mr. G. W.
Birch, Custodian of the Soane Museum; by the Master of the Temple,
and many others.

Amongst those who acted as guides and described the places visited
the Council would mention especially Mr. G. W. Birch, who was
indefatigable in his exertions on behalf of the Society, although far from
well ; Mr. Welsh, the Librarian of the Guildhall ; Mr. Aston Webb, the
Rev. H. V. le Bas, Mr. Ernest Law, the Rev. A. Povah, D.D., Viscount
Dillon, Mr. S. W. Kershaw, Mr. Guy Dawber, Mr. J. D. Micklethwaite
and Mr. St. John Hope.

To Mr. W. H. Seth Smith and Mr. G. M. Currie, who acted conjointly
as Local Secretaries; to Mr. Charles Bathurst, Mr. R. A. S. Macalister,
the Rev. J. W. Robbins, and Mr. C. Turnor, who acted as stewards, the
hearty thanks of the Council are justly due. Indeed, without such able
assistance it would have been impossible to carry out, without a hitch, the
somewhat ambitious programme which had been prepared. The only
drawback to the pleasure of the members was the absence of the President,
Sir John Dorington, during the earlier days of the meeting, owing to a
family bereavement. His place was, however, ably filled by Mr. G. B.
Witts, President for 1897-8.

On May 24th, 1899, the Society held a meeting at Nailsworth, and
visited Beverston Church and Castle, Chavenage House and Avening
Church. No less than 112 members attended this meeting, a number far
exceeding any previous record.

The thanks of the Council are due to Mr. Lowsley Williams for his
kind permission to visit his interesting residence, Chavenage House, and
to the Rev. E. W. Evans, Mr. Garlick, the Rev. E. W. Edwards, and
Miss Tabrum for receiving the members at Beverston, Avening, and the
Bannut Tree, Nailsworth, respectively.

The following works have been presented to the Society's library during
the past year : Memorials of London and London Life, Calendar of Letters from
the Mayor and Corporation of London, The Guildhall of London : Its History
and Associations, London and the Kingdom, Roll of Fame of London. All these
were presented by the Library Committee of the Guildhall. The Perverse
Widow was presented by Sir Brook Kay, and a second copy by the author,
Mr. Crawley-Boevey. Avery interesting MS. of Archdeacon Furney's, by

Report of the Council. 33

Mr. J. Norton ; 15 vols, of Archaologia, by the Rev. S. E. Bartleet ; and
various valuable works by Mr. Mullins, of Cirencester.

The Council has presented copies of the Berkeley MSS., 3 vols. 4to,
edited by Sir John Maclean for this Society, to the Library of the Guildhall,
London, to the Master and Wardens of the Drapers' Company, to
Mr. G. W. Birch, and to the Bureau of Ethnology, Washington. Offers of
copies have also been made to the Corporation of Bristol, to the British
Museum, and to the Bodleian Library, Oxford, but it was found that they
already possessed the work

The Council would be glad to receive for the Society's Library works
of reference on the various branches of Archaeology.

The Congress of Archaeological Societies was held at Burlington House,
on July 12th, 1899, under the auspices of the Society of Antiquaries,
London, and the presidency of Viscount Dillon. The Congress was
attended by delegates from nearly all the Archaeological Societies of Great
Britain and Ireland. Of the two delegates from this Society, Mr.
J. E. Pritchard and the Rev. W. Bazeley, only the latter was able to be
present.

The following subjects were discussed : —

The Genera! Index of Archaeological Papers, 1682 — ISO I, edited by Mr.
Gomme. — The Council have subscribed for this useful work, which will be
published by Messrs. Constable.

The Safe Custody of Wills, Parish Registers, and other Records. — The
Congress resolved to recommend the Government to appoint a Royal
Commission to enquire into the subject of the better preservation and
arrangement of such Records, with a view to rendering impossible such
practices as have been lately revealed in the Shipway trial. This Council
are opposed to any suggestion to remove Parish Registers and other
Records from the parish to which they belong, but they are of opinion
that transcriptions should be made, deposited in a central County
Registry, and be available for research; and that the need of carefully
preserving the originals against loss, fire, and unprincipled searchers
should be impressed on the parochial clergy, churchwardens, and other
parochial authorities.

A National Catalogue of Effigies. — This Council has obtained promises
of help in cataloguing the effigies of Gloucestershire ; but the work is
being sadly delayed by the fact that the directions to be drawn up under
the auspicies of the Congress are not yet forthcoming. In the meanwhile,
the Council will gladly accept through the Secretary photographs,
drawings, and descriptions of Gloucestershire effigies, and will preserve
them in portfolios with a view to a catalogue.

The National Portrait Catalogue — This Council regrets that so few
members, possessing family portraits, have applied to the Secretary for

4
Vol. XXII.

34 Transactions for the Year 1899.

the forms provided by the Congress for cataloguing such treasures. The
Congress propose to petition the Government to lower or forego the death
duties on collections of family portraits as long as they remain unsold.

The Victoria Series of County Histories.— The Congress passed [the
following resolution : "This Congress is glad to hear of the project of a
complete series of County Histories, and hopes that every assistance will
be rendered by the various Archaeological Societies." This Council on
their part will gladly render assistance in promoting the excellent work
taken up by the publishers, Messrs. Constable and Co. They will also
endeavour to learn what is being done in the matter by kindred societies.

The Council considers that the hearty thanks of this Society are due to
Mr. Ernest Hartland, who for many years past has skilfully controlled the
finances of this Society as Treasurer, and has lately resigned. Air. G. M.
Currie, who has already done much good service to the Society as Local
Secretary for Cheltenham and as Local Treasurer for several General
Meetings, has consented to act as General Treasurer.

During the year the Council issued the following Circular with regard
to the ruins of Hailes Abbey : —

Bristol anD (Sloucestersbire Brcbrcological Society

An Appeal for Funds to Explore the Site of Hayles Abbey, and Preserve the-
Ruins from further Destruction.

This Abbey was founded by Richard, Earl of Cornwall, in 1246, and
dedicated on November 5th, 1251, in the presence of King Henry III.,
and his queen. Eleanor of Provence, together with a vast assembly of
ecclesiastics and barons.

In 1 27 1, fire consumed a large portion of the monastic buildings,
and Earl Richard, then King of the Romans, devoted 8,ooo marks to its
restoration.

Again, in the 15th century, it would seem, from internal evidence, that
the monastery once more fell a prey to an extensive conflagration, and
a restoration became necessary which transformed the cloisters from
Early English to Perpendicular. In 1539 the Abbey, with all its posses-
sions and buildings, was surrendered by the last abbot, Stephen Seager,
and his monks, to the commissioners of Henry VIII., and all but the
Abbot's House, standing on the west side of the cloisters, and the kitchen,
butteries, and larders, on the south-west, were condemned as useless.
For the third time there came a devastating fire ; and the cloisters and the
chapter house, with their beautiful vaulting, became a prey to the flames.

From this time forward, until the close of the 17th century, the
Abbot's House was used as a residence by the Viscounts Tracy, and the
Abbey Church and monastic buildings, with the exception of the cloisters,
lay concealed below the surface.

For three hundred years Hayles Abbey has been treated as a quarry.
Most of the ashlar work has been stripped from the walls, and the arches

Report of the Council. 35.

which once led from the cloisters into the church and conventual buildings
have been crumbling to decay. The Abbot's Lodgings, portrayed by Kip,
Buck, and Lysons, have well-nigh disappeared, and a mere heap of stones
marks the site of the lordly abode of the Tracys. Much, however, remains
that is full of interest for students of history and architecture. Within
the entrance to the chapter house has been found evidence that the whole
of the Early English vaulting, dating from 1271 — 1277, although prostrate
on the ground, remains fairly intact. Two richly-carved bosses, with
conventional foliage, have been extracted uninjured, and there is good
reason to believe that several more of these lie amidst the heap of moulded
and carved stones.

The Council of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society
have obtained permission to excavate the site of the Abbey, with a view to
making a plan of its buildings and of saving the remaining cloister-arches
from collapse. When this is done, the owners will construct a fence to
protect the ruins. Under the direction of the Secretary of the Society
and St. Clair Baddeley, Esq., a member of the Council, the cloister-walks
are now being cleared, and the walls are being excavated to their bases,
revealing many architectural features which have been hitherto concealed.
The arches and other parts of the buildings, which have been in imminent
danger of falling, are being rendered secure.

The fact that this Abbey was built at a period when English archi-
tecture was most beautiful in its simplicity, and that few other Cistercian
abbeys of the same date remain, will render a study of its ground-plan
and details exceedingly interesting.

The Council of this Society desire to raise a fund of about £200, so as
to be enabled to excavate the site in the following order : (1) the cloisters
and claustral buildings; (2) the church; (3) the infirmary; (4) the gate-
way and other detached buildings.

It has been suggested that a local museum should be formed on the
spot in order to contain objects of interest found during the exploration of
the ruins. The lavatory lends itself to this purpose temporarily, if it is
not found necessary to erect a special building.

An Autumn Meeting of the Society will be held at Hayles, on
Thursday, September 7th, the programme for which will be sent to the
members of this Society and to any others who may desire to attend.

In addition to the Society's grant of £20, the following contributions
have been already given or promised : Mrs. Dent, £10; The Rev. W. D.
Stanton, £5; St. Clair Baddeley, Esq., £10; Miss Whalley, £1 is;
T. Dyer-Ed wardes, Esq., £5 ; The Right Rev. The Master of Pembroke
College, Oxford, 10/- ; Mrs. Wedgwood, £2. '

To this appeal is attached a form, which should be filled in and sent
together with any contribution to the Treasurer of the Society and of the
Excavation Fund, G. M. Currie, Esq., 26 Lansdown Place, Cheltenham

William Bazeley,
Matson Rectory, Gloucester, lion. Gen. See.

August 9th, 1899.

36 Transactions for the Year 1899.

The Society has sustained a very serious loss by the death of
Sir Henry Barkly, K.C.B., whose papers on the Berkeleys of Dursley and
Coberley, on Testa de Nevill, and Kirby's Quest are amongst the most
valuable and interesting that the Transactions contain. Sir Henry Barkly
was President of this Society in 1886, at the Dursley Meeting, and won all
hearts by his courtesy and learning.

The Council would also record their regret at the loss by death of
Mr. C. R Baynes, of Minchinhampton, who hospitably received the
Society in 18S0; of the Rev. A. W. C. Hallen, an eminent genealogist ;
and Major-General Vizard, always a welcome attendant at the meetings of
the Society.

The Council, in accordance with the powers conferred on them by the
scheme for holding the property of the dissolved Corporation of Chipping
Sodbury, have appointed Mr. F. F. Fox one of the Trustees.

The Council proposes for re-election, the President of Council, the
Vice-Presidents of the Society, and the Local Secretaries ; and for election
as Vice-President, The Right Rev. the Bishop of Bristol.

The following Members of Council retire by rotation, but are eligible
for re-election : Messrs. A. E. Hudd, A. T. Martin, S. H. Swayne,
P. O. Prankerd, Christopher Bowly, H. W. Bruton, E. Sidney Hartland,
and H. G. Madan.

The Council has held six meetings during the past year, and desires
to express its acknowledgments to the Mayor and Corporation of Bristol
for the use of a room at the Guildhall, Bristol.

The Council cannot close this Report without recording their high
estimation of the very valuable services of their Hon. Secretary, Mr.
Bazeley, who has always been indefatigable in carrying on the work of the
Society, and arranged most admirably the different meetings of the
Society, especially the London Meeting.

On the motion of Mr. Lloyd Baker, seconded by Mr. Leigh, the
Report was adopted.

The retiring members of the Council having been re-elected, on the
motion of the Rev. F. E. Broome Witts,

The President proposed the re-election of the President of the
Council, Sir Brook Kay, Bart., the Vice-Presidents, and the Local
Secretaries, with the addition of the Bishop of Bristol to the list of
Vice-Presidents, and this was carried by acclamation.

Mr. Christopher Bowly moved a vote of thanks to Sir John
Dorington, the retiring President, remarking that he had discharged the
duties with his usual ability and diligence, and he was an exemplification
of the fact that if they wanted work done they must go to the busiest man
to do it.

This was seconded by Mr. Tuckett, and carried with applause.

Fairford. 37

Sir John Dorington briefly acknowledged the compliment, and said
he would make way for the new President and the most entertaining
address which he believed he had prepared.

The President then read his address, which is printed separate!y.

Mr. Hyett, in moving a vote of thanks to the President, said two-
things were evident — first, that Mr. Bazley's claim to indulgence was
superfluous, and, secondly, that Sir John Dorington, when he beforehand
described the address as " most interesting," must either have had a
private look at the notes or else he occupied the unusual role of a true
prophet. He was sure that the great majority in that room would now
appreciate much more thoroughly and intelligently the Fairford windows
which they were about to inspect than they would have done had they
not heard Mr. Gardner Bazley's admirable address.

Mr. de Sausmarez, in seconding the vote, said Mr. Bazley was like
Mrs. Malaprop's "Cerberus" — "several gentlemen at once" — for he was.
an apt student, an accomplished artist, and an admirable lecturer.

Mr. Bazley briefly replied, and a move was then made to the church,,
and

THE FAIRFORD WINDOWS

were inspected under the direction of the Vicar, the Rev. F. R. Carbonell, who
probably knows the windows better thananyoneelsenowliving; and therefore
a more accomplished guide could not have been desired. Mr. Carbonell.
prefaced the tour of the windows with some interesting general observations,
dealing first with the inevitable and apparently insoluble problem, " By
whom were the windows designed and painted ? " — as to which, he said, they
must come to the conclusion that nothing whatever was certainly known.
He reviewed Mr. Holt's well-known arguments in favour of the Durer
authorship, and pointed to many conclusive reasons and proofs against
that theory. Another tradition he also effectively combated ; viz., the
theory that John Tame, the founder of the church, in 1501 or 1502, took
the windows from a Flemish ship on the high seas, and then built the
church to fit them. He remarked that Tame was a Cotswold wool
merchant, and not a privateer ; and it was absolutely certain that the
glass was designed for windows and tracery exactly similar to that in
Fairford Church, and for a church of exactly that size and form, which
size and form corresponded identically with the older church which
Tame's church replaced. The general plan of the windows was then
indicated, and they were afterwards examined in detail. Mr. Carbonell
was cordially thanked for his able address and explanation of the
windows.

The following Notes on Fairford were written for the programme by
the General Secretary : —

" Fairford derives the latter part of its name from a ford over the Colne.

38 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Its position gave it an importance in Saxon times, and the discoveries of
Mr. Wylie in 1852 prove that there was an important colony here soon
after the conquest of Britain by our English forefathers. Many beautiful
objects discovered in the Fairford graves — glass vases, fibulae, drinking
vessels, weapons of bronze, and amber beads — may be seen in the Ash-
molean Museum, Oxford. The earliest mention of the place is in a
Charter of Confirmation, purporting to have been granted by Burgred,
King of the Mercians, in 872, which, however, in its present state, cannot
be genuine, in which it is stated that Burgred gave the land of ten cassates
at Fagranforda to the Church of St. Peter at Gloucester.

In the days of the Confessor, Fairford formed one of the many
manors of Brictric, son of Algar. The story of Queen Matilda's early
love for him and her subsequent hatred because he refused her has been
too often told to need re-telling ; but, in fairness to the queen, let us
remember that E. A. Freeman, one of our best historians, throws discredit
on the whole tradition. Brictric suffered only as well-nigh every other
Saxon landowner suffered the loss of all his heritage to enrich his
rapacious conquerors. Fairford had belonged to Queen Matilda, but in
Domesday it appears as a possession of the King. It descended to
William II., by whom it was given to Robert Fitzhamon, as part of the
endowment of the Honour of Gloucester. And thus it shared the fortunes
of Tewkesbury, passing from Robert Fitzhamon to the de Clares, the
Despencers, the Beauchamps, and the Nevilles, till it came into the hands
of Henry VII. He granted it to John Tame, a London merchant, and in
his time and his son's, Sir Edmund, it flourished as it had never done
before. John Tame found here a noble 14th century church built on the
site of one far more ancient, and he levelled it almost to the ground that
he might construct a sacred picture gallery, where the highest mysteries
of the Christian faith might be set forth (much as they are in the Ober
Ammergau Passion Play), by representations of our Lord's life on earth,
and future judgment ; by scenes from the Old Testament symbolical of
the Gospel History ; and by the likenesses of holy men who, before and
since the coming of the Saviour, have written or contended for the faith.
By way of contrast, twelve Christian martyrs and confessors in the
clerestory windows face twelve of their persecutors. It is this marvellous
series of painted windows that makes Fairford so attractive to those
interested in mediaeval art : but apart from these, the church has many
attractive features ; and churchmen of to-day may well revere the spot
where Keble was born and spent his early years. His parents' tombs are
in the churchyard. His own noblest monument, The Christian War, may
have derived its first inspiration from the windows with which he was so
familiar.

The plan of S. Mary's Church comprises a nave with clerestory, two

Fairford Church.

f*.

Vvt^t^. rs iin :<.. ., _jil

40 Transactions for the Year 1899.

aisles, which extend to within 14 feet of its easternmost limits, a central
tower, chancel and vestry. It will be seen on examining the walls and
buttresses of the chancel that they rest on the plinths of an earlier church.
There are, moreover, remains of early 14th century work, with the
characteristic ballflower, embedded in the two western piers of the tower.
Mr. Joyce seems to think that John Tame, when he removed the transepts,
allowed the lower tier of the tower to remain.

The south porch has a flat arch of three members, with quatrefoils
and trefoils in the spandrels and a square hood terminating in the figures
of angels. Above the arch is a niche with font-like pedestal on which once
stood a statue of our Lady. There is a sameness about the windows such
as we might expect in a church built all at one date. They are of three,,
four, and six- lower lights, with many quatrefoils in their heads, and
round-headed arches. The embattled parapets are rich with gurgoyles,
and the tower is covered with heraldic arms and devices, amongst which
will be noticed the Despencer fret, the Beauchamp chevron on a ground
chequy, the lion and dragon of the Tames, and such well-known
cognisances as the chained bear and ragged staff of the Earls of Warwick,
and the Yorkist fetterlock.

The general style of the church may be compared with such con-
temporary buildings as Henry VII. 's Chapel at Westminster, the Lady
Chapel at Gloucester Cathedral, and Bath Abbey — some of our latest
examples of Gothic architecture. It was stated by Dr. Parsons,
Chancellor of Oxford, at the close of the 17th century, that John Tame
built the church as a receptacle for some Flemish glass which he had
previously obtained. Many treatises have been written to prove or
disprove the assertion, said to have been made by Vandyck to Charles I.,
that Albert Diirer had designed the paintings.

Mr. Joyce, in his superb monograph on the windows, came to the
conclusion — for reasons which will no doubt be given us on the spot —
that the windows were made for the church, and he is decidedly
opposed to the Diirer theory. The glass fills 28 windows, and may be
divided into three principal groups : I. The Gospel History, in eight
windows within the chancel-screen, introduced by four typical studies
from Old Testament History in a window just outside; II. The History
of the Faith, in sixteen windows of the nave, aisles, and clerestory ;
III. The Last Judgment, in the three windows at the west end. The
order of the history is somewhat disturbed by the insertion of the
Assumption of the Virgin over the altar of our Lady in the chapel at the
east end of the north aisle, and by the insertion of the Transfiguration
over the altar of the Corpus Christi Chapel, in the chapel formerly used
for the reservation of the Holy Sacrament, in the corresponding chapel
on the west side,

Fairford Church. 41

Let us then commence with the window in the north aisle just out-
side the screen.

1. Four Old Testament Symbols, i.e., The Fall, Moses at the Burning

Bush, Gideon and the Fleece, and the Queen of Sheba's visit
to Solomon.

The history of our Lord's mother in the three windows of the Lady
Chapel :

2. Joachim and Anna at the Golden Gate, the Birth of the Virgin, the

Self-dedication of St Mary and her Espousal to Joseph.

3. The Annunciation, the Nativity, the Adoration of the Magi, and the

Presentation in the Temple.

4. The Assumption of St. Mary, the Flight into Egypt, the Massacre of

the Infants, Christ in the Temple with the Doctors.

5. East Window. The Passion and Death of our Lord.

6. The Descent from the cross, the Entombment, Christ in Hades.

7. The Appearances of our Lord to Mary Magdalene and the other

women, the Transfiguration.

8. The Supper at Emmaus. The Unbelief of St. Thomas.

9. The Appearance of Christ at the Sea of Tiberias. The Ascension,

The Descent of the Holy Ghost at Pentecost.

The twelve Apostles reciting the Creed :

10. St. Peter, St. Andrew, St. James, St. John.

11. St. Thomas, St. James the Less, St. Philip, St. Bartholomew.

12. St. Matthew, St. Simon, St. Thaddaeus, St. Matthias.

The Fathers of the Church :

13. St. Jerome, St. Gregory, St. Ambrose, St. Augustine.

14. The Judgment of David.

15. The Last Judgment.

16. The Judgment of Solomon.

17. The four Evangelists: St. Matthew, St. Mark, St. Luke, and St.

John.

Twelve of the Prophets, adducing proofs of the Creed from their own
writings :

18. Jeremiah, David, Isaiah, Zacharias.

19. Micah, Malachi, Daniel, Obadiah

20. Hosea, Amos, Sophronias, Joel.

In the windows of the Clerestory, south side, beginning from the
west :

21. A Pope between two Cardinals.

22. An Emperor between two Kings.

23. Fragments, St. Margaret, a Bishop.

24. St. Dorothy, St. Sebastian, St. Agnes.

Transactions for the Year 1899.

On the north side of Clerestory, beginning at the west :

25. Annas, Judas Iscariot, Caiaphas.

26. A King, an Emperor, Herod the Great.

27. Herod Antipas, a figure in armour.

28. An Archer, two armed figures sadly mutilated.

In the Lady Chapel is a good brass with the effigies of Sir Edmund
Tame and dame Alice, his wife. Between the Chancel and the Lady
Chapel is the altar tomb of the founder of the church and donor of the
glass, John Tame, and his wife, Alice, with their effigies. The altar tomb of
Roger Ligon and his wife is also in the chancel. The monument of Sir
William Oldisworth, who died in 1689, reminds us of the debt of
gratitude we owe this worthy knight for taking out and concealing the
glass when the Puritan soldiers were marching upon Fairford and would
have destroyed it. Of course, when it was replaced, after the Restoration

of Charles II., some
mistakes were made and
many pieces were lost,
but when the glass was
releaded a few years ago,
the present vicar, with
much ability and untir-
ing zeal, replaced, sought
out, and restored to their
proper places all the
pieces which had been
wrongly placed.

Authorities on the
Fairford Glass : The
Fairford Windows ; A
Monograph; by the Rev.
J. G. Joyce; published
by the Arundel Society,
1872. A Handbook to
Fairford Church and its
Windows, by the Rev.
F. R. Carbonell, 1893 '•
price 6d. Remarks on the
Fairford Windows, by
the Rev. J. G. Joyce; Trans. B.G.A.S., vol. ii., pp. 53 — 91.

See also papers on the Diirer controversy by Messrs. Russell, Waller,
Holt, Blanche, a list of which is given in The Manual of Gloucestershire
Bibliography, by F. A. Hyett and W. Bazeley, a few copies of which
remain and may still be subscribed for."

FAIRFORD CHURCH.
From the Rev. F. R. Carbonell'% Guide.

Lechlade. 43

After dinner at "The Bull Hotel," at which there was again an over-
flowing attendance, so that one party at least had a pleasant al fresco meal
in front of the hotel, a

CONVERSAZIONE

was held in Crofts Hall, the ladies of Fairford having very kindly received
the Society to tea in the grounds attached to Mr. W. C. Arkell's residence,
a tent being erected for the purpose. Hailes Abbey, Winchcombe, which,
as already noted, is now affording such a pleasant field of exploration for
the Society, occupied a large share of attention at the conversazione, Mr.
St. Clair Badoeley reading an exhaustive paper on " Richard, Earl of
Cornwall," its founder, and the Rev. W. Bazeley giving an interesting
account of the discoveries already made, and constructing therefrom a
conjectural description of the great abbey and conventual buildings. Sir
John Dorington mentioned that the roof of Bisley Church, which had
to be removed some years ago, and which obviously was not made for the
church, was traditionally said to have come from Hailes Abbey. It had
to be pulled down, as it had become unsafe, but some of the timbers were
preserved in a keeper's lodge which he erected about the same time.

The Rev. W. H. T. Wright read a paper on the connection of East-
leach Martin with Great Malvern Priory, and gave an attractive account
of the beauties of the secluded parishes of Eastleach Martin and Turville,
and of the two interesting churches of SS. Michael and Martin and
S. Andrew, but a hundred yards apart, and separated but by the river
Leach and the roadway. He mentioned that both of those parishes were
for a time served by John Keble, whose signature frequently appeared in
the registers, and it was said that his beautiful evening hymn was com-
posed in the Rectory garden of Eastleach Martin. Mr. Guy Dawbek
afterwards read a paper on old Gloucestershire houses.

On Thursday, in beautiful weather, a four-mile drive brought the party
to Lechlade. "This place derives its name from a lode or ford that flows into
the Thames below St. John's Bridge. Two other tributaries join that river
near Lechlade: the Coin and Barker's Brook. It is stated in Domesday Book
that Siward Bar held the manor of Lechlade in the time of the Confessor.
Siward was apparently a great-nephew of King Edward. He took part in
the rebellion of Hereward the Wake in 1071, and was imprisoned till
September, 1087, when on his deathbed the Conqueror released him.
William I. conferred the manor on Henry de Ferrars, and his descendants
held it till the time of Henry III. It formed part of the vast estate of
Richard, Earl of Cornwall, King Henry's brother, founder of Hayles
Abbey, who was succeeded by his son, Edmund. Later on it followed the
fortunes of Barnsley and was held by the 1 >espencers, by the Earls of Kent
and of March, and by Richard, Duke of York, and the Duchess, Cecily. It
formed part of the dower of Queen Elizabeth of York and of Oueen

Transactions for the Year 1899.

Catherine of Arragon. Then it was granted to Dennis Toppes and
Dorothy, his wife. At the close of the 16th century it passed into the
Bathurst family, who retained it for two centuries. About 1220, Isabel de
Ferrars and her husband, Peter Fitz Herbert, founded a hospital near the
river, and dedicated it to St. John the Baptist. A few years later St. John's
Bridge was built over the Thames. This is one of the oldest stone bridges
we have, for though it has often been repaired it still retains much of the
original design and work. Richard, Earl of Cornwall, and his wife Sancha
enlarged the hospital and made it a Priory of Augustinian Canons. In
1472 the Duchess Cecily obtained permission to dissolve the Priory and
use its endowments for the foundation of a chantry dedicated to S. Mary
in the parish church, which about this time, Bigland says, was being re-
built by the vicar, Conrad Ney. When Leland paid Lechlade a visit in

1534, he saw
_. -^ . a chapel at

the very end
of St. John's
Bridge, on the
right hand, in
a meadow,
and a great
enclosure of
stone walls.
He also men-
tions"apretty
pyramis " at
the west end
of the parish
church. Soon
after this

William Kyrbee was ordered to pull down an old church and use the
materials in repairing the bridge. This was probably the chapel Leland
saw near the bridge.

It was a tradition many years ago that the curious sculpture, on the
south wall of Inglesham Church, of our Lord and His Mother came from
the Priory Church.

The church of St. Lawrence consists of a nave, north and south aisles
and north porch, a western tower, a choir with aisle of the same width as
those of the nave, a chancel, and a vestry. The church looks as if it had
been built, or rather rebuilt, at one period. I could find no traces of
anything earlier than the 14th century, not a sculptured fragment of
Norman or Early English work.

The west stage of the tower has a fine vaulted roof of stone. At the

LECHLADE FROM UP THE LAKE.
Lent by Mr. Aldcn, Fairford.

Lechlade Church.

intersection of the ribs are four shields, parted per pale. Two are charged
with a lozenge voided. The west windows, like the Tudor windows at the
east end of the church, appear to be later than the rest. The graceful
hexagonal spire, with its ribbed work and double band of quatrefoils,
seems to have been added to the tower early in the 16th century. The
north and south doorways with square hood-moulding have excellent oak-
leaf carving in the spandrels of their arches. The north porch blocks
up one of the windows of the nave. It has a groined ceiling ; I do not
think that there was a parvise. The windows of the nave, aisles, and
chancel are all alike, with three lower lights and eight-foiled heads.

The battlement of the chancel is pierced with trefoils and has

LECHLADE CHURCH.
Taunt, Oxford, ph.

crccketted finials. On the middle finial at the east end is a figure of the
patron saint, St. Lawrence, robed as a deacon with alb and dalmatic, and
holding in his hands a book and a gridiron, the symbol of his martyrdom
A finial or turret at the east end of the nave has been at one time pierced
for a sanctus bell.

The vestry on the north side is of the same date as the chancel, and
has a highly decorated battlement of similar character.

The nave has two arcades of four arches each and a clerestory
containing eight 15th century windows of four lights. There are three
arches at the east end of the nave, those on the north and south sides
separating the aisles from the chantry chapels. On the north wall of the

Transactions for the Year 1899.

nave is a sculptured stone, much defaced, representing a bishop baptizing
a child, and behind him an animal of some kind and a Norman Church.
On a scroll which issues from his mouth are written the words "In
Nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti, Amen." The pulpit has a 14th
century base. The entrance to the roodloft remains. The altar of St.
Blaise stood at the east end of the south aisle. The altars of St. Mary
and St. John the Baptist stood respectively in the north and south chapels
of the choir.

The chancel has a flat 15th century roof with carved bosses, resting on
six large and twelve smaller corbels. There are two almeries and a piscina
in the chancel. In the north chapel of the choir will be found eight steps
of the staircase leading up to the roodloft.

Bigland gives a view of Lechlade Church from the north-east, and
drawings of the two brasses which still remain. On the south side is the
brass effigy of John Twinyhoe, merchant, founder of the Chantry of St.
Blaise, and on the north side are two figures— a merchant and his wife.

The effigy of John Twinyhoe's wife is gone ; it was missing in 1786.
John Twinyhoe died about 1510. His arms were Argent a chevron between
three lapwings sable, or, as some read them, 3 poppingays proper.

The second brass has lost its inscription, but Dr. Parsons, who made
some valuable notes in the 17th century, has handed down to us the fact
that it was in memory of John Townshend, merchant and woolman, who
died in 1458. There are some fragments of stained glass in the Clerestory
windows, with the badges of Edward IV. and his mother, the Duchess

LECHLADE FROM THE BRIDGE LEADING TO INGLESIIAM.
Lent by Messrs. Savory & Cole,

Lechlade Church. 47

of York. There is also one of the Twinyhoe poppingjays. Shelley's
beautiful poem, " A Summer Evening, Churchyard, Lechlade, Gloucester-
shire," was written in 1815. The late Mr. Achin Williams wrote a
history of Lechlade which was excellently printed by E. W. Savory, of
Cirencester. The frontispiece, giving the upper bridge, and Lechlade in
the distance, has been produced in this programme by Messrs. Savory
and Cole's kind permission. The brasses have been well described by one
of our members, Mr. Cecil Davies, Librarian of the Wandsworth Public
Library, and also by the late Mr. Haines. Mr. Hichin says that in the
rectory garden is the statue of a woman wearing a crown with a sword
piercing her breast. It is probably an image of our Lady of Pity. There
is a fine brass Georgian Candelabra in the nave."

The ancient parish church of S. John the Baptist, Inglesham, in the
adjacent county of Wilts, was next visited. The vicar, the Rev. G. W.
Spooner, received the party. On January 25th, 1205, King John gave the
Manor and Church of Inglesham to the Cistercian Abbey of Beaulieu, in
the New Forest, which he had founded. At the Dissolution the estates of
the abbey were granted, in the 30th year of Henry VIII., to the Earl of
Southampton; in the reign of William III. they passed by marriage with
the heiress of the Wriothesleys to Ralph, Lord Montague, and have since
passed by marriage to the Duke of Buccleugh.

"The church possesses a nave with north and south aisles, a south
porch, and a chancel. It is very small, being only 49 feet long and 36 feet
wide. The anti-restorer will find little to complain of here ; all that has
been done in the present century has been to restore the roof of the nave
and to put a drain at the feet of the walls. A fund is now being raised to
restore the roof of the chancel, under the guidance of J. T. Micklethwaite,
Esq., and the Society for the Protection of Ancient Monuments, and it
deserves support. I am indebted to Mr. Micklethwaite's Report, made in
1886, which he has kindly sent me, for much information about this
interesting little church.

The porch, the floor of which is far below the level of the churchyard,
looks as if it had been rebuilt ; but it contains a 13th century niche. The
south aisle has been extended to half the length of the chancel, and the
walls of both aisles have been raised and covered with flat roofs. The
chapel at the east end of the south aisle contains a little Norman window,
probably brought from another part of the church ; all the other windows
of the aisles are 15th century insertions. The chancel has a 13th century
east window of three lights. The bell-cot at the west end of the gate of
the nave is pretty, and looks like 14th century work.

But the chief interest of the church lies in its interior. We enter it
by a very early 13th century south doorway. The church was evidently
commenced late in the 12th century, for the south arcade of the nave, the

Transactions for the Year 1899.

pillar of the north arcade, and the lower part of the north wall of the
chancel are of this date. In the early part of the 13th century the east and
south windows of the chancel were constructed. Mr. Micklethwaite
considers that at least half a century elapsed between the commencement
and completion of the church, say from 1180 to 1230.

INGLESHAM CHURCH.
Taunt, Oxford, ph.

The chancel roof is an early example of 13th century timberwork. It
is of plain trussed rafters, and the eastern half over the sanctuary has a
boarded ceiling with light transverse ribs.

The wall-plate cuts into the drip and inner arches of the earlier
windows on the north side, but fits the east and south windows.

The eastern part of the aisles has been screened off for chapels.
There is a good 15th century font and a Jacoba;an pulpit. The cill only of
the rood screen remains. An hour-glass is affixed to the pillar of the north
arcade. The pews, cumbrous as they are, should not be removed, as they
are interesting relics of the 17th century. There is the matrix of a late
14th century military brass in the chancel. The colouring on the walls is
not later than the 17th century. Some original 13th century glass remains
in the south window of the chancel, A curious piece of sculpture has
been imbedded in the south wall, representing St. Mary and the Holy
Child. St. Mary wears a kind of turban. From the right corner a hand
appears pointing to the Child (S. Matt. iii. 17). Below the figure of our
Lord's Mother are the remains of a sundial, showing that this sculpture

Little Farringdon.

was long ago, as now, on the outer south side of some building. The
figures are badly drawn, and appear to be very ancient — earlier, Mr.
Micklethwaite thinks, than any part of the existing church. There is a
15th century churchyard cross, with steps, base, and shaft. It is to be
hoped that the head of this cross will be found and restored, as at Ampney
Crucis and Ashleworth."

Proceeding to the village of Little Farringdon, the quaint church was
inspected under the guidance of the Rector, the Rev. W. F. Adams.

" Little Farringdon, formerly in the county of Berks, is now in
Oxfordshire. It was granted by King John to the Abbey of Beaulieu at
the same time with Inglesham. The dedication of the church is not
known. The plan comprises a nave, with north aisle and south porch.
There is a gabled bell-turret, with two bells, at the west end. The nave
had formerly a south aisle, but this has been destroyed. The clerestory

LITTLE FARRINGDON CHURCH.
Taunt, Oxford, ph.

remains, and also one of the arches of a 14th century arcade, into which
has been inserted a window of perhaps 17th century date. In this window
is some Flemish glass with " la Cornells Vanden Berch, 1605 " and a trade
mark There is also some good Early English glass, with white con-
ventional flowers on a ruby ground. The Early English north arcade
consists of three round arches, with octagonal capitals and bases, and
round shafts. The conventional foliage on the capitals is well carved.
Over the centre of each arch, and between every two arches at the junction

Vol. XXII.

5°

Transactions for the Year 1899.

of the hood-moulding, is a small round head. The roof of the nave rests
on plain corbels, on several of which appears a shield bearing three
annulets, and on one a lion rampant. A north doorway has been stopped up.
At the west end of the nave is a round-headed window, deeply splayed,
and above it a square-headed 15th century window, with two lower lights
and six quatrefoils. It has some old glass.

The chancel arch is late 12th century. The chancel has two deeply-
splayed lancet windows at the east end, and two round-headed windows on
either side. There is a 14th century piscina on the south side, with an
almery in the east wall.

There is a holy-water stoup on the east side of the south door."
At Langford, where the party were received by the Rev. C. G.

Wodehouse, the
Rector, another inter-
esting church, St.
Matthew's, was
visited.

" The plan of the
church comprises a
nave, with norlh and
south aisles (which
extend eastwards half
the length of the
tower), a central
tower, and a chancel.
In the outer wall of
the porch, above a
plain doorway with
segmental arch and
hood-moulding, is a
recess into which has
been inserted a carv-
ing of the Crucifixion.
It will be seen that
the arms of the dead
or dying Saviour have
been reversed, and are
inclined downwards.
I doubt whether the
recess is high enough
to allow them to be placed in their proper position. If so, we may
conclude that this rood was originally above the eastern arch of the nave,
and was removed when roods were ordered to be taken down or destroyed.

POKCH OF LANGFORD CHURCH,
Taunt, Oxford, ph.

Langford.

The attendant figures of St. John and St. Mary have also been reversed,
for instead of gazing upon the Crucified One, they look outwards.

The principal figure is in high relief, and is carved on four separate
stones. The head inclines towards the right shoulder, and behind it is a
nimbus, with a cross in relief. The loins are clad in a kilt which only
reaches the knees. SS. Mary and John have each a nimbus.

On the east side of the porch has been inserted another crucifix, the
head of which is missing. The Crucified One is dressed in a long cassock,
which is girt around with a cincture. The artistic treatment is one which

CRUCIFIX AT LANGFORD.

From a Photograph by '1 aunt, Oxford.

belongs to the pre-Norman period, and is very uncommon in England.
The figure is perfectly upright, as though alive, and there are no wounds
in hands, feet, or side. The feet are separate It is probable this sculpture
may have been removed hither from behind the high altar of a Saxon
chancel.

In the two crucifixes here and the crucifix on the churchyard cross at
Ampney Crucis we have examples of the treatment of this most sacred of
all subjects by the sculptors of the 10th or nth, 12th, and 15th centuries.
They should be compared with the early sculpture at Daglingworth, so

Transactions for the Year 1899.

well described by Mrs. Bagnall-Oakeley in our Transactions, vol. xiii.,
pp. 260 — 267.

Inserted in the middle pilaster of the tower, on the south side, is a
projecting block on which are carved the figures of two men, with bare
heads, clad in short kilts and close-fitting tunics. They support over their
heads a disc or sundial, of which the gnomon is gone. They appear to be
contemporary with the crucifix above the porch.

In the porch are two portions of a coped coffin-lid with floriated cross.
If we pass round the church outside it will be seen that the roofs of
the nave and chancel have been raised many feet, thus dwarfing the fine
Norman tower and hiding its lower windows on the east and west sides.

The west end of
the nave has two
tower -like pinnacles
crowning the Norman
buttresses and an in-
serted window of a
debased character.
On the north side the
wall is supported by
two flying buttresses,
bearing the inscrip-
tion— "Anno Dmi.,
1574 Ao Regni Eliza-
beth Reginae Decimo
Septimo." I cannot
remember any similar
Elizabethan but-
tresses. In the north
wall are a 15th century
window, an Early
English doorway, a
14th century window
of flamboyant char-
acter, and a little
square - headed win-
dow.

The Norman tower
has two large round-headed windows on each side, two smaller ones in
niMition on the south side, and one on the north side. On the north side
is a gabled staircase turret leading to the belfry, which is both picturesque
and uncommon. The tower is strengthened by pilasters or flat buttresses
on the north and south aisles.

ELIZABETHAN BUTTRESSES, LANGFORD.

Southrop. 53

The chancel has been unmercifully treated by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners' architect, Mr. Christian, and has lost its former simple
religious character. The addition of a diamond-shaped light to each pair
of lancet windows is, I venture to think, no improvement. The Early
English doorway on the south side must have been placed in its present
position by restorers. It is too far east to have served as a priest's door.

On entering the church we see that the nave is separated from its
aisles by arcades of three wide and lofty arches with circular shafts and
bases. The upper part of the capitals is cruciform and the lower part
round, with conventional foliage deeply undercut. The west arch of the
centre tower is semi-circular, with plain chamfered abaci. Above the arch
is a doorway which led from the belfry into the chamber above the flat
roof of the nave. A similar doorway led into a chamber above the
chancel. The easternmost window of the south aisle of the nave has a
beautiful inner frame. There is a Jacobaean pulpit. There are no tower
arches on the north and south sides, showing that the so-called transepts
are merely prolongations of the nave aisles. The chancel contains an
almeryof six compartments of unusual character, a 13th century credence,
and the remains of a piscina. In the south wall are remains of the stair-
case which led up to the parvise. This church possesses a pre-Reformation
chalice." Some property in Langford was granted by King John to the
Abbey of Beaulieu.

Leaving Langford, where luncheon was served, Southrop was visited,
where, under the guidance of the Vicar, the Rev. C. E. Squire, the Church
of S. Peter was inspected.

" There were four manors described in Domesday Survey, 1086, under
the name of Lecce : Northleach, Eastleach Martin, Eastleach Turville,
and Southrop, the south village.

Walter FitzPonz, who with his four brothers, Drogo, Simon, Richard,
and Osbert, took part in the Conquest of England, held ten hides at
Southrop, which belonged, in the time of the Confessor, to Earl Tosti.
On Walter's death, s p., the heirs of his brother Richard succeeded to his
estates. The de Clares, Earls of Gloucester and Hertford, seem to have
been subsequently the chief lords of the manor, for we find Earl Richard
confirming a grant of the church by Alice de Clermont to the Knights
Hospitallers in the 13th century. Various families in succession held the
manor, none of them greatly distinguished, till the reign of James I.,
when it was acquired by Wadham College, Oxford. Rudder says that the
two effigies, now in the chancel of the church, without an inscription,
represent Sir Thomas Conway, once lord of the manor, and his lady, the
arms being sable on a bend cotiscd argent a rose proper between two annulets gules.
The costume is Elizabethan. The manor house adjoining the church
contains the remains of a very early dwelling, perhaps that of the Fitz-

Transactions for the Year 1899.

Ponzes, or of the parish priest, early in the 12th century. The cellars
have deeply splayed narrow lights, and there is a Norman doorway with
zigzag moulding, in a good state of preservation.

The Church of S. Peter consists of a nave (without aisles), north
porch, south transept and chancel.

A priest is mentioned in 1086, so probably there was a church at that
period. The north doorway, the two round-headed lights deeply splayed,
and the eastern arch of the nave are all Norman. The herring-bone work
in the north and south walls is evidence of their great antiquity. Two
pseudo-Norman windows have superseded in modern times an original
Norman light on the north side and a large square-headed window, similar
to that in the transept, on the south side.

The chancel and south transept were built in the 13th century.
Probably there was a small Norman apse previously. I cannot guess the
purpose for which a small light was inserted below the westernmost
window on the south side of the chancel. No one in the churchyard
could see through it the high altar. There is another low window in the

west wall of the transept, opposite
the site of an altar. This may
have been a so - called leper
window or hagioscope of an
anchorite's cell. The north door-
way of the nave is Early English.
Interior. — The abaci of the
chancel arch are ornamented
with rope moulding, and on the
south side with a lozenge pattern;
otherwise the arch is quite plain,
and has no shafts or bases. Steps
have been inserted in the church,
raising the floor of the chancel
far above its original level, as
may be seen from the position of
the 13th century piscina — the
arch and bowl of which remain,
though separated.

As at Langford, there is a

diamond-shaped recess above the

two 13th century east windows

of the chancel. This was pierced

some fifty years ago to make a quatrefoil light. There are the Conway

effigies alluded to above, an altar-tomb on the north side of the chancel, and a

monument to the Keble family, dated 1670, the arms being : argent, a chevron

THE FONT, SOUTHROP.
Lent by the Vicar.

Hatherop. 55

engrailed gules, on a chief azure three mullets or. The Keble family, descended
from Sir Henry Keble, Lord Mayor of London in 1510, held the manor of
Eastleach Turville for many generations.

There are three almeries in the chancel. High up in the chancel arch
is a square opening with six quatrefoils pierced in its ceiling.

The most interesting fitting of the church is an early 13th century
font somewhat similar to the font of Stanton Fitzwarren, drawn for
Paley's Fonts.1 The upper part is ornamented with beaded interlacing and
the acanthus leaf. Within eight trefoil-headed arches, above the shafts of
which are eight conventional churches, castles or towers, are eight figures : —
(1) Moses, with horns on his head, holding the two tables of stone and
stretching out his right hand ; he turns his back on (2) Synagoga, who holds
a broken shaft, the pennon of which has knocked off her crown and blinded
her eyes ; her crown is falling off, and the jar or lamp which she holds
upturned is losing its contents; but he looks approvingly at (3) Ecclesia,
who holds upright a staff with pennon and Maltese cross in her right hand
and a chalice in her left. The remaining five figures — soldiers with heater-
shaped and round bossed shields alternately — represent five virtues
trampling on five vices: — (4) Pity on Envy, (5) Temperance on Luxury,
(6) Benevolence on Avarice, (7) Patience on Anger, (8) Modesty on
Drunkenness."

Driving through the villages of Eastleach, and glancing at their
churches already mentioned, Hatherop was reached, and at his stately
residence, Hatherop Castle, the President and Miss Bazley received
the members to afternoon tea, and later on Fairford was reached in time
for dinner.

" In the days of Edward the Confessor, Dunning and Ulward held the
two manors of Hatherop. Dunning's manor was given by the Conqueror
to Roger de Laci, and he held it of the King in 1086. Ulward's manor
was given to Ernulph de Hesding, who, in the time of Serlo the first
Norman Abbot of Gloucester, gave the advowson of the Church of
Hatherop, &c, to that Abbey. Atkyns thinks that later on Hatherop was
held by Walter d'Evreux, a grandson of one of the Conqueror's com-
panions, of the same name. Walter d'Evreux and Sybilla de Chaworth
his wife, founded the Priory of Bradenstoke, in Wilts, and were buried
there. Their son, Patrick, the first Earl of Salisbury, slain 13 Henry II.,
was succeeded by William the 2nd Earl. Ela, his daughter and heiress,
married William Longespe, son of Henry II, by Fair Rosamond. She
survived her husband, and bestowed the manor on the nuns of Lacock
Abbey, who held it until the Dissolution. Edward VI. granted it to
Sir W. Sherington, and in 1559 it came into the possession of the
Blomers. Mary, the daughter and last surviving heir of John Blomer,
1 Illustrations oj Baptismal Fonts, London, 1844.

Votes of Thanks. 57

who died in 1640, married Sir John Webb, the 2nd Baronet of that name,
of Canford, Dorset, who died in 1700. Sir John Webb, 3rd Baronet,
married Barbara, daughter of John, Lord Belasyse, and died in 1745.
Sir Thomas, 4th Baronet, died in 1763, leaving Sir John Webb, 5th
Baronet, son and heir. He had an only child, Barbara, who married ia
1786 Anthony, 5th Earl of Shaftesbury, by whom she had an only child,
Lady Barbara Ashley. This lady married, in 1814, William Francis.
Spencer Ponsonby, who in 1838 was created Baron De Mauley by revival
of a title in his wife's family. In his time the old house, of which a
bird's-eye view by Kip is given in Atkyns' History, and reproduced here,
was partly taken down, and rebuilt, as Hatherop Castle.

Amongst the traditions of the place, for the truth of which we will
not vouch, are (1) the visit of Charles I. and his queen, Henrietta, who
are said to have held a court here, and (2) the affecting farewell of Lord
Derwentwater and his wife, Anna Maria, daughter of Sir John Webb, the
3rd Baronet, before he joined the Pretender in 1715. This, however,
must certainly be placed at Dilston, near Hexham. Lord Derwentwater
lost his head on Tower Hill, on February 24th, 1716.

In connection with the old Yew Tree Avenue, there are tales of a
white lady seen at midnight.

Hatherop Castle was purchased by the trustees of Maharajah
Duleep Singh in 1862, and by the present Sir Thomas Sebastian Bazley
in 1867."

A concluding meeting of the Society was held at Fairford on Friday,
August nth, under the presidency of G. S. Bazley, Esq.

The following votes of thanks were unanimously passed : —

1. That the thanks of this Society be given to the Chairman and
Members of the Local Committee for the assistance which they have
given to the General Secretary in drawing up the programme for the
Meeting.

2. To Mr. F. P. Bulley, the Local Secretary, for his untiring energy
in carrying out the arrangements.

3. To Mrs. Carbonell and the other ladies of Fairford and the
neighbourhood, who so kindly entertained the members of the Society
and their friends at the Conversazione on the 9th.

4. To the Incumbents and Clsrgy-in-charge of Ampney Circus
(Rev. T. C. Johnson), Meysey Hampton (The Rev. J. A. Ford), Fairford
(The Rev. F. R. Carbonell), Lechlfde (The Rev. A. Clementson), Inglesham
(The Rev. G. Spooner), Little Farringdon (The Rev. W. F. Adams),
Langford (The Rev. G. Wodehouse), Southrop (The Rev. C. E. Squire),
Eastleach (The Rev. W. H. Wright), Hatherop (The Rev. R. P. Davies),
yuenington (The Rev. F. Steavenson), Bibury (The Hon. and Rev. F.
Dutton and the Rev. J. A. B. Carches), Barnesley (The Rev. J. D.

58 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Compton), and Cirencester (The Rev. J. Sinclair); and to the Church-
wardens of Ampney St. Mary (R. Darboney, Esq., and H. Cole, Esq.),
for so kindly receiving the members at their interesting churches.

5. To E. W. Cripps, Esq., the President (G. S. Bazley, Esq.),
Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, R. B. Cooper, Esq., Mrs. George Gibbs,
\Y. Wykham Musgrave, and Wilfred T. Cripps, Esq., C.B., for their
courteous invitations to Ampney Park, Hatherop Castle, Coin St. Alvvyn
Manor House, Bibury Court, Ablington Manor, Barnsley Park, and the
Walnut Trees, Cirencester, respectively.

6. To the Rev. F. R. Carbonell, who so lucidly described to the
members the beautiful series of stained-glass windows in Fairford
Church.

7. To the Ladies and Gentlemen of Fairford and the neighbourhood
who have so hospitably received the members of this Society at their
houses during the meeting, and also to Mrs. Carbonell, F. Bulley, Esq.,
and A. Hitchman lies, Esq., who have acted as a Hospitality Committee.

8. To the President for his able address ; St. Clajr Baddeley, Esq.,
the Rev. W. H. Wright, Guy Dawber, Esq., and the General Secretary,
for the excellent papers prepared by them and read at the Conversazione.

9. To the Rev. G. Wodehouse, for allowing the Lunch Tent to be
erected in his field at Langford, and to the Rector, Churchwardens, and
Bellringers of Meysey Hampton for the merry peal of welcome on their
arrhal in that picturesque village.

10. That the selection of a place of meeting for the Annual Meeting
of 1900, and the election of a President, be left in the hands of the
Council.

11. The Society wishes to record their entire satisfaction with the
way in which Mr. Busby, of "The Bull Hotel," Fairford, has carried out
his contract for luncheon, dinner, and carriages; Mr. Coombes, of "The
New Inn," Lechlade, his contract for lunch. They feel sure that the
same was felt with regard to Mrs. Woodman's arrangements for lunch at
" The Swan," Bibury ; and also of the Motor Car Syndicate's conveyance
of passengers and luggage under exceptional difficulties.

The excursion which followed was fully as successful and enjoyable
as its predecessors. It was pleasantly occupied with a carriage excursion
through some of the most charming of the Cotswold country — that part,
in fact, to which the late Mr. J. A. Gibbs has so delightfully introduced
the public in his book, A Cotsivold Villagf. The route lay along the course
of the Coin, and the first stop was at the little village of Quenington,
where the Rev. F. R. Steavenson, the Rector, showed the party over the
interesting little church of St. Swithin.

Rudder thinks that the name was formerly written " Colnington " and
signifies a village on the river Coin.

QUENINGTON.

"At the time of the Survey, a.d. 1086, " Quenintone" was held by
Roger de Laci, son of Walter de Laci, who, taking part in the conquest of
England in 1066, and in the defeat of Earl Roger in 1074, was rewarded
by William I. with a vast fief of 116 manors, including 27 in Gloucester-
shire. Walter died from a fall, at Hereford, in 1085, and was buried in
the Chapter House at Gloucester.

He was succeeded by his son Roger, who was banished by William
Rufus for siding with Duke Robert, and his possessions were conferred on
his brother Hugh, who in the time of Abbot Serlo, 1072 — 1104, gave the
Church of Quenington to Gloucester Abbey. This is the earliest mention
of the church, but, as there was a priest in 1086, in all probability there
was a Saxon church.

QUENINGTON.

From a Drawing by Lysoiis, A.D. !''■>!.

In the present fabric we have the remains of an early 12th century
church, probably built by Hugh de Laci or the monks of S. Peter's,
Gloucester. The county histories tell us that the de Laci family, assisted
by the de Maras and the de Leys, founded and endowed a preceptory of
Hospitallers here. We should expect to find that the manor was in the
first place given to the Templars, and that at their suppression it passed
into the hands of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, known as the
Hospitallers. They were seized of it in the ninth year of Edward II. At
the Dissolution the manor was granted to Sir Anthony Kingston, and
passing through the families of Vachell, Powell, Ireton, Forrester, Mack-
worth Praed, and Blackwell, it came at last to the ancestors of Sir Michael
Hicks-Beach.

60 Transactions for the Year 1899.

The Court Farm, which stands on the site of the Preceptory, retains
its ancient entrance gate and a portion of the moat which once surrounded
it and tha church. At the end of the 17th century the Preceptory^
Chancellor Parsons says, was still standing.

The Church of S. Swithin consists of a nave and chancel. If we
compare the present building with the drawings of it made by Samuel
Lysons in 1792, we shall realise how much it has been altered in this
century.1 The nave appears to have been lengthened westwards, while
the west window and the bell-turret are modern. Atkyns says that there
was formerly a spire between the nave and chancel. If so, it must have
been a small Early English campanile or bell-turret. The north and south
doorways, the most interesting features of the church, several pilasters, a
string course, two deeply-splayed windows, and various parts of a chancel
arch and a corbel table similar to that at Elkstone, and carefully preserved
by being built into the wall of the nave, are all relics of the 12th century
church.

The chancel arch has been rebuilt in the style of the 13th century.
The east window was inserted in the 15th century. I am of opinion that
for three hundred years previously there was no window in the east wall,
as was the case in so many Gloucestershire churches before the restorations
of modern times. The floor of the chancel appears to have been on a
level with that of the nave, as in many Norman churches. It has been
lately raised by four steps. The position of the almery shows this. There
are two corbels, one on either side of the modern reredos, which probably
held statues of saints — St. Swithin and another.

The north doorway, which is the more richly carved of the two, has
for the subject of its tympanum the Triumph of Christ over Death and
Satan. Three souls are rising from Hades, symbolised by a whale, and
are adoring their Saviour. Satan lies on his back, bound hand and foot,
pierced through the mouth by the staff of our Lord's cross. The figure
of the sun may represent the First Person of the Holy Trinity ; more
probably it is simply the sun, which, with the moon, frequently appears in
representations of the Crucifixion. Above the doorway is a ram's head
much mutilated.

The subject of the tympanum of the south doorway is the mythical
Coronation of the Virgin Mother, which, when thus treated, was con-
sidered to be symbolical of the Church Triumphant. The Second Person
of the Holy Trinity is placing a crown on the head of His mother, who
holds a dove, the symbol of purity and also [of the Third Person. On
either side are two symbols of the Evangelists : on the right the Angel of
St. Matthew and the Lion of St. Mark, on the left the Bull of St. Luke
and the Eagle of St. John. There are, moreover, two angels, one with
1 Reproduced from his paper on yuenington, in Arch(rologia,\o\. x., pp. 128 — 130.

Coln St. Aldwyns.

two and another with four wings, representatives of the denizens of heaven
above whom Mary is exalted. On the extreme right is a Norman building
of three stories, with a square tower and a gable, representing the Church
militant here on earth, or perhaps more probably the Holy Jerusalem, as
on the tympanum at Autun and elsewhere.

At the east end of the church is a stone which I thought might be the
pedestal of a crucifix, but archaeologists have declared it to be a" treasure-
stone," signifying the concealment or discovery here of something of great
value."

Proceeding onwards, the party arrived at the picturesque village of
Coin St. Aldwyns. Here, in addition to the nicely-kept church, the party
"were able to view the beautiful old Manor House, now the residence of the
Lord of the Manor, Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, which contains a fine old
•oak staircase, and many other relics of the Elizabethan age. Sir Michael
has recently restored it for his own occupation, the family mansion at
Williamstrip being let.

"This parish derives its name from the river Coin, and from Aelhun
■or Aldwyn, Bishop of Worcester, ad. 844 ; or perhaps more probably from
Aldwine, Bishop of Lichfield, 716 — 727.

In 1086 the manor was held by S. Peter's Abbey, Gloucester, to which
church it had been given, according to the Abbey Chartulary, by Aldred,
Subregulus of the Huiccians, 757 — 780, and it continued in the possession
of the monks till 1540, when it was granted to the new Dean and

THE MANOR HOUSE, COLN ST. ALDWYNS.
[Kindly lent by Mr, Murray from " A}CoUwold Village."

62 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Chapter of Gloucester. They still hold the manor and the advowson of
the living.

There is, however, another manor of which Sir Michael Hicks-Beach
is lord, consisting of lands in Coin St. Aldwyns and Williamstrip. This
was held in the 14th century by the Handelos, and in the 15th by the
Appleby s. In the time of Charles II. and William III. it was held by
Henry Powle, Speaker of the House of Commons. His only daughter
married Henry Ireton, who was lord in 1712. Williamstrip House was
built in the time of George I., and came to the family of the present
owner in 1784.

Mr. Gibbs, in A Cotswold Village, says: "The beautiful gabled house
close to the Norman Church of Coin St. Aldwyns is the old original manor
house.' "

Next the party proceeded to the still prettier village of Bibury, with
whose beauties, together with those of the adjacent hamlet of Ablington^
readers of Mr. Gibbs' A Cotswold Village must be familiar. In addition
to the striking church, with its remains of Saxon work and many interesting
architectural problems, the visitors were able to inspect the beautiful
manor house, Bibury Court, built in 1623, and now occupied by Mr R. B.
Cooper, and also the manor house at Ablington, where Mr. Gibbs spent
the last five years of his life, and of which he speaks with such rapture.
It was built by John Coxwell in 1590. Luncheon was served at the " Swan
Hotel " by Mrs. Woodman.

Between 721 and 743, Wilfrith, Bishop of Worcester, granted five
cassates out of fifteen cassates by the river Cunuglae or Colne to the
Earl Leppa for the term of his life and that of his daughter Beaga ; the
five cassates were afterwards known as Beaganbyrig or Bibury, the
remaining ten cassates as Eadbaldingtun or Ablington.

It is likely enough that Beaga founded a minster on her estate, the
site of which is now occupied by the parish church.

" In 10S6 (us) the manor of Bibury, then called Bechberie, was held
by St. Mary's Priory, Worcester, and contained 21 hides of land. There
was a priest, and, no doubt, also a church. In 11 30 John Pagan, Bishop
of Worcester, assigned the tithes to the monastery of Osney, founded at
Oxford for secular canons by Robert d'Oily. From this time until the
Dissolution the monks of Osney presented to the living of Bibury and
supplied clergy to perform the services. The church was formerly a
peculiar, before the Dissolution under the Convent of Osney, since that
time under the lord of the manor. Concerning this matter, it is stated in
Ecton's Thesaurus, ed. 1742, p. 187: "The jurisdiction of Biberie con-
tains Biberie with Winston Chap. Barnsley R. and Aldsworth Chap
which, as to Visitations, are only subject to the chief Officer of their
Peculiar ; the Bishop and the Archdeacon having no more to do with them

H °

*-* N

P :

O =

O S

> ^

35 =

3 *

Transactions for the Year 1899.

after their admission." After the Reformation, this peculiar jurisdiction
was disputed by some of the Bishops of Gloucester, but the ground on
which they rested their contention is not clear

In the time of Edward VI., the manor was alienated from the See of
Worcester and granted to John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, who
was tried, and, being found guilty of treason, was beheaded.

In 1608 W. Westwood was lord of the manor. In 1708 Henry
Sackville, then high sheriff, held it. The manor is now vested in Lord
Sherborne. The beautiful manor house, known as Bibury Court, of
which, through the courtesy of Mr. Murray, a view is reproduced from
Mr. Gibbs Cotsuvld Village, was built in the time of James I. by Sir

Iii&ibary Village

Kindly lent by Mr. Murray from "A Cotswold Village.'

Thomas Sackville. The date, 1623, appears on the front of the Manor
House.

The plan of the parish church comprises a nave, 75 ft. by 24 ft. ; a
south aisle, half the length of the nave and 14^ ft. wide; a north aisle
with a tower at its west end ; a chancel, 44 ft. by 15 ft., and a south porch.
The original Norman church had probably a nave and short apsidal
chancel. Late in the 12th century the south wall was taken down and a
Transitional arcade of three arches and a south aisle were constructed.
Later on, the north side was treated in the same way. In the 13th century
the nave was lengthened westward from the point where the 12th century
arcade comes to an end. At the west end of the nave and on the south side
are lancet 13th century windows, one being lower down than the others ;

Ablingtox. 65

above which is a circular window, splayed inside and out like the windows
thought to be Saxon or even British at Abury. It has been a matter of
considerable doubt to what period this window belongs. Was it part of
the church of 1086 ? Its position is very unusual and requires explanation.
Was there at one time a chamber above the nave which it lighted ?

The chancel was rebuilt or enlarged in the 13th century. There is
some stonework in the wall, just where the earlier church would have
ended eastward, which may be Saxon.

The windows of the north aisle are Decorated or 14th century, and
there is a Perpendicular window in the south aisle.

There are two piscinae with credence shelves, and four almeries or
cupboards for communion table, &c, in the chancel.

This church is exceedingly interesting, but full of architectural
difficulties.

The village of Bibury runs parallel with the river Coin, and is a
favourite haunt of fishermen.

In the neighbourhood a Norman villa was discovered a hundred years
ago, and many antiquities were taken out of it."

" ABLINGTON

was a manor in the time of King John, when a moiety of it was purchased
by Ralph de Willington and Olympias, his wife, of Willington Court
Sandhurst, near Gloucester. This good couple built and endowed the
Early English Lady Chapel of the church of Gloucester Abbey, now the
Cathedral. Their descendants held Ablington till the 15th century, when
the Beaumonts possessed it. Lord d'Aubeny died seized of it in
6 Henry VIII., and Edward, Duke of Somerset, in the reign of Edward VI.
In the reigns of Mary and Elizabeth the Bassets held it. When Atkyns
wrote his History of Gloucestershire Mr. Coxwell owned the manor and
dwelt in the Manor House.

Over the doorway of the porch is the following inscription :

" I'LEAD THOU MY CAVSE OH LORD
BY JOHN COXWEL ANO POMENEY I59O."

This was evidently the name of the lord of the manor who built the house,
and the date when he built it. Underneath this inscription are five heads,
which, Mr. Gibbs thought, were representations of Queens Mary and
Elizabeth and Kings Henry VIII., James I., and Philip of Spain. Over
the solid oak door are the words —

" l'ORTA l'ATENS ESTO, NVLLI CLAVDARIS HONESTO."

The old oak in the hall, Mr. Gibbs says, was brought lure when it
was turned out of Bibury Church. The house contains portraits of the
Coxwells, amongst others of John Coxwell, who employed Cornelius

6
Vol. XXII.

Barnsley.

Jansen to build the house. Over one of the windows is "Post tenebras lux."
The garden, with the river Coin running through it, is delightful ; and we
can realise, when we see it basking in the August sunshine, how Mr. Gibbs
loved it, and how he looked forward with delight to the prospect of
spending many years in this charming hermitage. But it was otherwise
ordered. In the spring of this year, after a brief illness, he was taken
away from his many friends amongst rich and poor, leaving as a legacy,
not only to us, but to Anglo-Saxons everywhere, his delightful notes on
country life and pursuits in the Cotswolds. We are greatly indebted to

<^s

JPIhWH

:_i=

" "fl" — - -=-l^^^^«J/!^SK

The Old Manor House

Kindly lent by Mr. Murray from "A Cotswold Village."

Mr. Murray for allowing some of the charming illustrations from his work 1
to be reproduced here."

It was intended that a halt should be made at Barnsley, where the
church would have been shown by the Rector, the Rev. D. G. Compton,
and permission had been obtained to visit also Barnsley Park, belonging to
Mr. Wykeham-Musgrave, built by Henry Perrot, early in the 18th century
in the Italian style, but this was found impossible.

"Barnsley was part of the Bishop of Worcester's Manor of Bibury, and
was held in 1086 (u.s.) by Durand and Eudo. In the time of King
Stephen it formed part of the possessions of Milo, Earl of Hereford, and
it passed in moiety with Margery and Lucy, his daughters, to the De
Bohuns and Fitz Herberts. Subsequently, it was held by the Despencers,
by the Earls of Kent, one of whom was beheaded at Cirencester in the

i.l Cotswold Village, by J. Arthur Gibbs; London: John Murray, 1898.

68 Transactions for the Year 1899.

first year of the reign of Henry IV., by the Earls of March, by Richard
Duke of York and his widow the Duchess Cecily. Henry VII. granted it
to Thomas Merton, and it passed with his grand-daughter, Dorothy, to
Ralph Johnson, who sold it to William Bouchier. This family still held
it in 1712. Soon after this it came by marriage with an heiress of the
Bouchiers to Henry Perrot, of Northleigh, Oxfordshire, who built Barnsley
Park, in the Italian style prevalent in England during the reigns of George
I. and George II. His two daughters were unmarried, the survivor,
Cassandra, leaving the manor by will to James Musgrave, who held it
in 1807.

The arms of Bouchier are: azure a chevron or between three martlets argent,
a crescent for difference. The arms of Perrot are : gules, three pears or; on .(
chief argent a demi-lion rampant sable.

The plan of the parish church comprises a nave with north aisle and
porch, western tower, and choir with vestry and organ chamber. The
upper part of the tower appears to be later than the rest, and was
perhaps rebuilt in the 17th century. The chancel has a good corbel table
with heads of men and beasts. The nave contains a small Norman light
which was brought from Daglingworth. The Norman horse-shoe chancel
arch is probably of two dates. The chancel has two good 14th century
windows and a new east window.

The font is an exact copy of one which was turned out of Broadwell
Church, Oxfordshire, which lay desecrated in a builder's yard for some
ten years, and was then bought and given to Barnsley. After a time the
parishioners of Broadwell awoke to a sense of their loss and begged to
have their font back again. Canon Howman, then rector of Barnsley,
very generously acceded to their request on condition that he might have
a copy made of it for his church."

Cirencester was reached in the afternoon. Here Mr. Wilfred Cripps,
C.B., and Mrs. Cripps (Countess Bismark) very kindly received the
members to tea at the Walnut Trees; and Mr. Cripp's museum was
inspected, where much attention was directed to the recent valuable finds
in Ashcroft."

Mr. Cripps contributed the following notes to the programme of the
Meeting: —

" The museum contains all that has been found of Roman remains of
recent years, and is carefully arranged and labelled to make its contents of
general interest. It is opened to the public on certain occasions, and
always on proper application. The cases contain a large collection of
Samian ware, and also of Anglo-Roman pottery from Durobrivae,
Upchurch, and other potteries in England; also mortaria, some of them
inscribed with the names of the makers. The Samian ware gives the
names of some 200 potteries, many of them identified with the potteries

Cirencester.

at Aries and other places in the South of France. Other cases Contain
bronze implements and ornaments, enamelled fibulae, rings, keys, styli, a
perfect series of bone pins, bodkins, counters, and other objects made of
the horn of the red deer, coins, iron objects, horns of red deer sawn into
lengths for making handles — architectural fragments, columns, capitals,
reliefs, &c, &c.

The altar and reliefs found in April, 1899, at Cirencester, are of
special interest owing to the curious way in which they connect themselves
with a similar altar previously found at Bath and described in Hiibner and
by other authors.

The altar at Cirencester is dedicated to the Sulevce, goddesses like the
Deae Matres— and, by some antiquaries, thought to be the same — but to

SULE/E OR DE/E MATRES, IN Mr. CRIl'PS' MUSEUM.

whom few inscriptions have been found in England. Only two have
hitherto been published, and of these one is dedicated by the very same
individual as this recently found at Cirencester.

The Sulevac were seldom called "mothers," but usually Suleva only ;
and it is, in point of fact, not known for certain whether they were the

70 Transactions for the Year 1899.

usual goddess mothers under another name, or were cognate divinities,
distinct though somewhat similar. About a century and a half ago a
votive altar to the Sulevae was found at Bath, known as well in Roman
times as in our own for its famous medicinal springs; this altar had been
erected in their honour by one Sulinus, the son of Brucetus, who described
himself upon it as a scultor, or carver in stone. Nothing was then known
about these Sulevse, and nothing has been known, till the discovery of the
stones we are now describing, of their worshipper, Sulinus son of Brucetus.
But in the course of building operations conducted by Messrs. Saunders
and Co., at Ashcroft, in Cirencester, the present stones have been found,
throwing, after this lengthened interval, some little light upon the older
discovery. They consist, to mention the more important pieces, of an
altar and two sculptured reliefs, the former bearing an inscription which
identifies the unknown Sulinus oi Bath as an inhabitant of Cirencester.
The inscriptions are almost identical, for both at Bath and at Cirencester
describing himself as Sulinus the son of Brucetus, he adds at Bath, where
he perhaps would be less well known, that he was a sculptor by profession.
The large quantity of carved stone, pedestals, reliefs, portion of statues,
and the like found near and around the altar justifies the belief that they
were part of his stock-in-trade and of his own workmanship. And it is
more than probable that the similar dedication at Bath to the one found at
Cirencester owed its origin to the simple fact of the honest stoneworker of
Corinium receiving relief from his gout, rheumatic pains, or what not at
Bath, and erecting there to the divinities who had so blessed the Bath
waters to his use a similar altar to the one he maintained to their honour
at his own home. No doubt at Bath he found it convenient to add a note
of his occupation to that of his parentage, being comparatively a stranger
there, but it is a very interesting addition, especially from the point of view
of those who had already imagined that they had discovered a Roman
stonemason's yard, before the coincidence of finding the owner actually
describing himself as such. There can be no mistake in the identity of
the dedicator. The inscription is as follows : —

SVLEIS
S VLI N vs
B R V C E T I

VS LM

"Dedicated to the Suleae by Sulinus, the son of Brucetus." The Bath
inscription is : —

SVLEVIS SVLINVS SCVLTOR
BRVCETI F SACRUM
F. L. M.

The slight difference of the spelling of the names of the divinities
honoured as SVLE>E and S V LE V/E is of no importance ; sometimes

Cirencester. 71

the spelling is SVLEVI/E. The two reliefs of the goddesses which
we now proceed to describe are in many ways even more interesting than
the altar itself. There is nothing actually to prove what divinities the
reliefs represent — they would be well described as Deae Matres — but it
is fair to conclude from their being found with an altar such as that
discovered with them in Cirencester that they represent the Sulevae
rather than the Deae Matres or any other similar triads. One of these
reliefs represents the goddesses, if goddesses we can call them, sitting on
a sort of bench in a row under a canopy, and holding the baskets of fruit
and other gifts to men, with which they are usually represented. The
stone is from the local oolite, and notwithstanding its crumbling nature
the figures are in wonderful, indeed perfect, preservation, as fresh as when
left by the hand of the artist, and it may be doubtful whether any example
of Romano-British work is in a similar state of perfection at the present
day. The other relief is of a different character, but even more interesting
in its way. It represents the divinities as seated in various attitudes on a
bench, accompanied by three children grouped with them, and the centre
figure has a small animal, either lamb or kid, reposing in her lap, together
with some fruit. The whole represents the attributes of fertility and
bounty. This relief is not so stiff and conventional as the other, and is
carved in an altogether higher style of art, but it is less perfect, the canopy
which had once covered the figures in a kind of alcoved seat being wanting,
and with it the upper part of the heads of each of the adult figures, which
had been formed out of the missing stone. The tops of these heads are
therefore cut off in a straight line, together with the missing arches of the
canopy.

We may gather from these reliefs confirmation of the opinion that
though distinct from the Decs Matres the attributes of the Suleva were
almost exactly the same ; but it does not solve for us the natural query as
to how they ever came to be distinguished from each other. Mr. F.
Haverfield inclines to the belief that the Suleva- were first confused with
the Dee Matres, rather than that they were at first identical and
subsequently distinguished. Mr. Haverfield has also pointed out how
plainly both reliefs, though in different degrees, show an attempt to rise
above the conventional. Even the more stifily treated relief shows a
careful difference in the treatment of the dress of each figure and of the
fruit in each different lap; whilst the freedom of design shown in the less
perfectly preserved relief places it on quite a high level of art and one
worthy of a classical origin, although there is nothing to show that it is
necessarily of a different period to that of the more conventional example.
It may be added that there is no good reason for connecting the Suleva
specially with Bath. The prevailing god at Bath had the somewhat
similar sounding name of Sul-Minerva; but there is no known connection

Transactions for the Year 1899.

between them, except the perhaps accidental similarity in the sound of the
name. There is only one example of a dedication to them found at Bath,
and one at Colchester, whilst there are some twenty on the Continent of
Europe, of which no less than eleven are found in Rome itself. It may be
mentioned in passing that these eleven seem to have been dedicated by
soldiers coming from the Rhine, and not by natives of the capital. It is
probable that Sulinus adopted these Sulevae as his patron divinities owing
to his name, just as in later days a child would be named after one or
more saints of the church, whom he would naturally venerate and
specially invoke ; and just as an altar to the above-mentioned god Sul-
Minerva dedicated by another Sulinus, this last Sulinus being the son of
one Maturus, would be equally suggested by the similarity of name."

ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, CIRENCESTER.
FROM THE EAST.

VIRTUES, HY SIR J REYNOLDS. NEW COLL., OXFORD.

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS ON "STAINED AND

PAINTED GLASS."

By GARDNER S. BAZLEY, Esq.

Ladies and Gentlemen, — A study of the presidential
addresses which have been delivered from time to time at
your Annual Meetings discloses not only the eminence of the
gentlemen who have hitherto been selected for that office, but
also the diffident and apologetic tone in which they have
respectively approached the task before them. But what is
to be said when an archaeologist of only three months'
standing ventures to address a learned Society on one of
their special subjects (Stained and Painted Glass), his own
acquaintance with that subject being of extremely recent
origin ? I think that such an undertaking can only be
warranted by the confidence that the circumstances justify,
to an unusual degree, an appeal to your indulgence.

Let me disclaim, however, any intention of anticipating
the extremely valuable and interesting lecture on the Fairford
windows which will shortly be given by the Vicar, to whose
energy and enterprise the windows may be said to owe their
preservation, and who is, therefore, better qualified to speak
on that subject than any living man. But it may be
interesting simply as an introduction to the subject if we
refresh our memories on one or two points. First, in the
history of stained and painted glass ; and secondly, in the
modern art of making a window.

Another way to describe the subject is : " How a Stained
Glass Window differs from a Picture" ; for to the uninitiated
I think that a stained glass window is apt to appear a
somewhat roughly-drawn and crudely-coloured picture, dis-
figured by staring black lines as if it were badly-mended
china. But when one discovers the meaning of such
expressions as "brilliancy" and " translucency " applied to

74 Transactions for the Year 1899.

early glass, it becomes evident that the art in question has
certain special qualities, as well as special limitations, all of
which are more easily understood after acquiring some
knowledge of the technique. It has been well remarked,
*' In order to appreciate windows one must have developed
a glass eye." Now, as to the history of the art, Pliny's story
of the discovery of glass by certain fishermen will always be
attractive ; but there is another theory, for which we are
indebted, not to Pliny, but to The Times'1 reprint of the
Encyclopedia Britannica. It is, that straw and reeds contain
in a crude form the chief component parts of glass ; that
when a rick is burnt down lumps of coarse glass are occasion-
ally found in the ashes, and that the ancient Egyptians who
used much fuel in the shape of reeds for their smelting
furnaces, may have thus made the discovery of glass.

However, once discovered, colouring in imitation of
precious stones was a natural step. A well-known instance
is that of Aventurine glass, which was made by Venetians
in very early times in imitation of the stone of that name,
and the effect of which is due to the reflection of crystalline
spangles of oxide of copper, produced by exposing glass
treated with copper to a reducing agent. Again, blue glass
in windows was for centuries known as " sapphire," and
red glass is still technically called " ruby." So the origin of
coloured windows may have been due to the idea of jewellery,
set in plaster or stone instead of in gold.

Or the idea may have been taken from Cloisonne enamel,
an art which was practised as early as the eighth century.
As Mr. Westlake says, " Place a cloisonne enamel vertically,
substitute lead lines for the copper cloissons, and transparent
for opaque glass, and you have a coloured window." But
whatever may have been their origin, the world is ultimately
indebted for them to Western civilisation, for in the Italian
churches side windows were unnecessary, owing to the very
different quality of light in those latitudes (thus one sees
how in the Pantheon at Rome a small circular opening in the
roof lights the whole vast interior), and the opaque mosiac

Stained and Painted Glass. 75

pictures of Italian churches were naturally replaced by
coloured windows in more northern climates.

Now, if we watch, in imagination, the methods of a
glazier about a thousand years ago, we see that he has
before him a number of small pieces of coloured glass (for it
was as yet produced only in small pieces) of about seven
different colours only, and that he fits them together like a
puzzle, each colour, or even shade of colour, being repre-
sented by a separate piece, and joins together the whole with
lead strips. He has two chief difficulties to overcome : first,
to prevent, so far as possible, the lead lines from interfering
with the design, and secondly to avoid weak points in the
construction. For instance, if any piece of glass had to be
cut into the shape of an hour-glass, it would be strengthened
by a lead joint at the waist. It has been said that the
earliest glaziers " thought in lead, and designed in lead."
And as an Irishman once defined a net as " a number of
holes, joined together with pieces of string," so an early
window consisted, in the artist's mind, of a number of coloured
spaces connected with lead lines.

In following the history of coloured windows, we ought to
trace the course both of design (or treatment) on the one
hand, and of technique, or workmanship, on the other. In
other arts, such as painting and sculpture, the enquirer is, in
a manner, solely concerned with the design. The materials
and the methods employed are, I believe, of comparatively
slight importance in determining the date of any particular
work of art ; but in glass painting the possibilities of
variation in design are naturally very limited. Such varia-
tions have been due, generally speaking, to the influence of
the contemporary schools of painting and of architecture.
For instance the costumes of the figures and those repre-
sentations of a stone canopy which are usually seen in the
upper part of windows followed the current fashions in dress
and in architecture ; or, to speak more strictly, as the
glass-painters were a conservative race, they often copied a
style which had become old-fashioned. Thus glass of the

76 Transactions for the Year 1899.

"Early Perpendicular" period would show a " Decorated "
spirit in its architectural details.

To quote a few salient points in the history of style :

In the thirteenth century the design is very flat and
conventional, in fact archaic ; also medallion windows (a
name which explains itself) may be generally ascribed to this
period.

In the fourteenth century the drawing is already somewhat
improved ; there is more life and action in the figures, and
conventional ornament is dying out.

In the fifteenth century we find less colour in windows;
white glass often preponderates ; also this period is often
recognisable by the exaggeration of the canopies. (To the
end of this period belong the Fairford windows — about 1500.
Regarding their authorship, one may just notice the statute
passed in 1483, "on the petition of the glaziers of London
and other large towns," against the importation of painted
glass. — 2nd Richard III., cap. 2.)

In Renaissance windows (about the sixteenth century) the
subjects are frequently extended across several lights, dis-
regarding the mullions ; also, instead of the severity of early
ornament, this style is often distinguished by festoons of
flowers, ribbons, cupids and similar devices. Of the seventeenth
century style, it may be enough to say that it became more
and more like a picture and less like a window.

Now, as to the history of techique. At first, as has been
said, the artist confined himself to piecing together bits of
glass, each of one colour throughout (this has always been
known as " pot-metal," from being coloured by the addition
of certain substances while in the melting-pot). But he soon
began to call in the aid of a certain brown enamel — not by
any means as a pigment, but, in the first place, for drawing
outlines, such as the eyes and nose (for which purpose the
lead strips were not only too clumsy, but, if used to outline,
say, the lingers of a hand, the narrow enclosures they caused
would soon be choked with dust) ; also to obstruct light
where shading was required, as in folds of drapery; and,.

Stained and Painted Glass.

lastly, to correct, or, as photographers say, " retouch," the
rough outlines given to the glass by his chipping- tool.

This enamel was, and is, composed of metallic colouring
matter (iron, manganese, or copper) mixed with pounded
glass. The effect was
that on placing a piece
of glass so painted in a
furnace, the pounded
glass fused, and the
surface of the solid glass
itself becoming slightly
softened, the enamel was,
as it were, welded to the
surface, and therefore
indestructible.

The shading required
was produced, in different
periods, by different
modes of applying this
brown enamel, such as stippling, scratching-out, and cross-
hatching ; but the general principle soon became "to take
out lights instead of putting in darks " — like the system of
line-engraving as opposed to mezzotint.

The next improvement in technique was the introduction,
early in the fourteenth century, of a new process, called
yellow stain. By painting the surface of glass with a solution
of silver (either oxide or sulphuret) and firing it in the kiln,
it was found that a delicate yellow tint was produced in the
part so painted, and not only on the surface but in the
glass, and absolutely permanent. Lapse of centuries has
shown that this stain has also the great advantage of
preserving the glass. It will be noticed how the outside of
the Fairford windows is honeycombed almost all over with
thousands of little pits (due to the gradual dissolution of the
alkali in the glass by the action of the weather). Now, one
of the specimens of early glass kindly lent by Mr. Bazeley
from his collection shows in a most interesting manner how

78 Transactions for the Year 1899.

the portions of glass which were treated in this way are
practically free from pits. I fancy, however, that this result
is either entirely confined to, or much more marked in, cases
where the stain was applied to the back of the glass. This
was generally done where much brown enamel was used on
the front, otherwise the two applications would " run " into
one another.

Now this new process, neither an enamel nor a pot-metal
colour (and it can generally be distinguished from pot-metal
yellow by its cooler and purer tint), was a godsend to the
glass-painter, for it enabled him for the first time to have two
colours next to each other without a strip of lead between
One has only to look at the halo of a saint, and the hair of
almost all figures in windows, to see what awkward lead lines
were thus avoided. Again (though this discovery came
later), blue glass could thus be stained green, and red
glass orange, etc., enabling, for instance, the foliage of a
tree to be represented on the same piece of glass as the blue
sky, or green grass against the edge of a blue robe, without
the necessity of a separate piece of glass for each colour.

A third great resource, also discovered in the fourteenth
century, was due to the use of " coated " or " flashed " glass.
Ruby and blue pot-metal were often made with a backing of
white glass. The ruby, especially, is so intense and deep a
colour that if it went right through the effect would be
almost black : so ruby glass is only white glass veneered
with red. As Mr. Day describes it, " The colour is only the
jam upon the bread." Now, an ingenious person discovered
that by grinding away the film of red, a white spot of light
showed through, which could be enlarged, of course, to any
size. (This is illustrated by another of Mr. Bazeley's
specimens, where white pin-holes appear in red glass — the
ruby film evidently being in this case on the back, and
attacked by " pitting.") So, where the glazier wished to
represent, say, pearls on a red robe, or a white centre in a
scarlet flower, he could accomplish it without " leading in "
the white separately from the red ; if he chose, he could go

Stained and Painted Glass.

a step further, and after abrading a patch of the ruby-
coating, he might apply the yellow stain to part of the white
ground so obtained, thus actually producing three separate
colours with a single piece of glass, instead of three pieces
joined together, which his predecessors would have used. It
is obvious that other variations would result from using, say,
ruby glass "backed" with blue, or yellow "backed" with
purple. Modern glaziers escape the
tedious abrading process by the use of
fluoric acid, which dissolves away the
coloured film like magic.

Here the legitimate methods at the
disposal of the glass-painter end, and
they are practically those in use at
the present day. But it is plain that
all these improvements tended in one
direction — namely, dispensing with the
leads ; and whereas the early makers
of windows designed primarily in lead-
work, which by itself, without any
colour at all, would give a fair idea of
the picture, the glaziers after the
fifteenth century began to consider
leading as a necessary evil to be
avoided as far as possible. Forgetting
the special qualities of glass and the
purpose of windows, they tried to
make them resemble oil-paintings, and
with this object introduced a wholly
new and most pernicious method — the
use of coloured enamels, which were
necessarily opaque or nearly so. It
became the practice towards the end of
the sixteenth century to glaze windows
in large rectangular panes, to discard
all coloured glass, and deliberately to
set to work to paint a picture on the

-8o Transactions for the Year 1899.

window. It is evident that this method, known as the
" Enamel Method," is as different as possible from the
" Mosaic Method" hitherto described, and it had three great
defects :

First. — The lead strips, being no longer used for the
outlines of the drawing, now became ugly black bars running
across it, and making the figures look as if they were in a
cage ; and as the bars were kept as far apart as possible (to
make them less obtrusive) the glass was less strongly sup-
ported than in the old method. Secondly. — The glass lost its
special quality of translucency or brilliancy, it assumed a
dull, cotton-woolly aspect, ali the " jewelled " effect was
gone, and the light struggled through in one monotonous
blurr. Thirdly, and worst of all, the colours rapidly deterio-
rated and decayed ; they flaked off, sometimes in large
pieces, and visitors have been known to gaze reverently at
a much-dilapidated window, thinking it is old, whereas it is
comparatively modern, but instead of growing mellow, like
early glass, has merely become shabby.

Perhaps the most striking instance is that of the well-
known designs by Sir Joshua Reynolds in the great west
window of New College, Oxford. Comparing these exquisite
but rather woolly figures, disfigured by the straight black
lines of the lead-work, with the rich and lustrous effect of
the fourteenth century windows on either side, it is sad, on
the one hand, to think of valuable window-space so unsuitably
filled, and, on the other hand, to see such beautiful designs
wasted by being executed in such a perishable medium and
exhibited in such an ineffective manner.

It may be asked, Why should these coloured enamels
flake off, if the old brown enamel was permanent ? The
answer is, that the early artists were not afraid to use good
hard enamel, and a fierce heat to fuse it to the glass ; whereas
the user of coloured enamels feared to risk his delicate tints
in a very hot furnace, and so was tempted to use borax as a
flux, whereby the enamel fused more easily, but was
imperfectly welded to the glass. Windows are naturally

Stained and Painted Glass. 8i

exposed to extremes of temperature, under which the glass
slightly expands and contracts ; now, these coloured enamels
not being so hard as the glass to which they adhered, had a
different rate of expansion and contraction, and, so to speak,
the paint and the canvas sometimes pulled in different
directions, so the paint had to crack off. It may also be
remarked that when brown enamel did perish it was not so
noticeable.

Thus we find several rough-and-ready tests for criticising
a window and determining its date, in workmanship alone,
quite apart from the evidences of style ; such are, brown
enamel and the different methods of shading; yellow stain;
abrasion of coated glass ; and also the thickness of the film
itself, which has varied from -Jth of an inch in the twelfth
and thirteenth centuries to about T-^th of an inch in the
present day ; and, lastly, the use of coloured enamels.

[Since this address was delivered a further test for age in
glass has been suggested to me by Mr. F. F. Tuckett,
F.R.G.S., whose interesting paper, " On Some Optical
Peculiarities of Ancient Painted Glass," 1 deals with the
curious fact that whereas modern windows throw patches of
colour on the floor or walls of a building, early glass fails to
do so.]

As regards the modern process of window-making, it may
be interesting to notice that the glass used (crown and sheet
glass) is still made by hand, with few more appliances than
were in use two thousand years ago ; consequently we get
certain imperfections which are not found in mechanical
processes, but which are most valuable artistically; as, for
instance, variations in thickness, and therefore (in coloured
glass) in depth of tint. These naturally-shaded pieces are
much prized by the glazier, who sooner or later finds a use
fur every irregularly-tinted bit. In " coated glass" especially
the film is liable to taper off, giving a range horn dark red
to palest pink on one piece of glass. An excellent example
of this is the representation of the "Soul in Hell,-' at

1 Proceedings of the Clifton Antiquarian Club, 1.SS7-S.

7
Vol. XXII.

82 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Fairford, the red-hot bars rising to an almost white heat in
the centre of the picture. Similarly, in King's College
Chapel, a beautiful marbled effect is produced by using a
piece of "spoilt ruby" in the representation of certain
columns. There is one valuable quality in early glass which
obviously cannot be reproduced ; namely, the growth of
lichens, which in the course of centuries gradually spread
over the surface, and which undoubtedly contribute a soft
and mellow effect. One is reminded of the question which
is ascribed to an American tourist, as to the secret of the
perfection of English lawns, and of the reply of the old
gardener: "We rolls it and we mows it, and we waters
it — for hundreds of years."

In the production of the different pot-metal colours,
again, modern science has not very materially improved
upon early methods. The fine sand, before it goes into
the melting-pot, is saturated with the required metallic
solution (such as copper for red, iron for yellow, cobalt for
blue, gold for pink, manganese for violet) and then dried,
leaving the metal in the sand. " Coating" is simply effected
by dipping the white-hot bulb of glass, before it is blown,
into a pot of coloured glass in a liquid state. And here
may be noticed a somewhat new departure, of recent date,
originating in America. Mr. Tiffany, whose exhibition this
summer (1899) at the Grafton Gallery, in London, attracted
much interest, carries the dipping process above described a
step farther. In his method, the molten bulb is " charged "
or dabbed with spots of colour of various shades and sizes ;
then, as the bulb is expanded by blowing, these patches
of colour expand with it into streaks and veins of every
conceivable form. It is claimed that by this means can be
produced every marking and outline required for foliage and
flowers, sea and sky, and that the use of brown enamel is
unnecessary, and is, indeed, wrong in principle, for Mr.
Tiffany considers that a window should be composed of
glass in the state in which it leaves the glassblower's hands.
With this object in view, when the leadwork does not suffice

Stained and Painted Glass. 83

for all the outlines required, he resorts to such devices as
modelling in the glass before it hardens by cooling, producing
a kind of bas-relief; by this means he represents, for
instance, folds and wrinkles of drapery ; or he joins several
thicknesses of glass together, sometimes to a depth of two
or three inches, in such a manner that the edges of the inner
pieces, when seen from in front, show a faint outline through the
outer surface. It may, however, be objected that by the
use of this variegated and opalescent and extra thick glass
much light is lost, and that a church with such windows
would be extremely dark ; and though in theory the use of
brown enamel may be wrong, still it appears to actually
enhance the brilliancy of glass by the force of contrast. In
other words, shading "throws up" the light parts. Never-
theless, Mr. Tiffany's windows are the only ones which
resemble the earliest glass, in that they are strictly neither
" stained " nor " painted."

We are now, perhaps, in a position to say something
about what can and what cannot be done in this art ; in
other words, how a coloured window differs from a picture.

Plainly, the material is different : glass derives its effect
from transmitted, not from reflected, light ; indeed, a building
should have all its windows coloured or none, since reflected
light kills the glass.

And the method of production is different, for in windows
the range of colour is limited and they must be constructed
like a mosaic, whereas a picture is painted all in one
piece.

And the purpose is different, since the function of a window
is, or should be, to admit light ; here, therefore, are further
limitations as to amount of shading and deep colour,
and also as to size and shape, which do not apply
to a picture.

And the position is different, for windows are seldom " hung
on the line;" often, as in the case of the clerestory, they are
" skied," so what is wanted is a rich or, as it is often called,
kaleidoscopic effect, at a distance.

§4

Transactions for the Year 1899.

If I may say so, the fault of many modern windows is
that their subjects are too conspicuous, often to the point of

aggressiveness ; their figures
are too distinct, and stand
out too sharply from the back-
ground. Thus such windows
lack the mystery and the
dignified reserve of early
glass ; they are in such a
hurry to tell their story that
they seem to shout it at you
as soon as you enter the
church. Much of the charm
of windows like those at Fair-
ford consists, I think, in " the
pleasure of surprise." There
is almost the fascination of a
child finding faces in the fire
or castles in the clouds. One
is always discovering some
new feature, some new fancy
of the artist (often merely
indicated by symbol) ; and
meanwhile, even if one makes
no effort to interpret their
story, the colour-effect is both
satisfying and restful. On the
other hand, certain modern
windows seem to assert them-
selves and challenge attention
almost like a pictorial adver-
tisement in a London thorough
fare ; and whatever may he
the qualities most appropriate
to a church window, surely
it should not resemble a
poster !

Stained and Painted Glass. 85

And if it be objected that the windows at Fairford are
" grotesque," the answer would be that so are the gurgoyles,
and that a certain rude force and monumental character are
more in keeping with the seventy of Gothic architecture than
to the more ornate and florid beauty which distinguished
later schools of glass painting.

Note. — The materials for this address are largely borrowed from the
works of Judge Winston, Mr. Westlake, and Mr. Lewis Day, to whom I
am much indebted ; and I have to thank Mr. B. T. Batsford of 95 High
Holborn, for the four illustrations from Windcvs, by Mr. Lewis Day. —
G. S. B.

RICHARD, EARL OF CORNWALL, AND HENRY
OF ALMAINE, 1209—1272.

By ST. CLAIR BADDELEY.

Born at Winchester, January 5th, 1209, Richard Plan-
tagenet was six years of age at the signing of Magna Charta,
and seven when his brother, Henry III., succeeded to a
kingdom which was practically being governed by William
Marshal, Earl of Pembroke. His education was entrusted
to Peter de Manley, at Cone Castle. As he survived until
his sixty-third year, and died in 1272, his life was co-
temporaneous with a period of exceptionally grave moment
in English history ; and even if, as an individual character,
there be found in him a certain lack of solidity, on the
other hand, as compared with the King, his brother, this
defect would not be manifest. But neither his high position,
as for some years heir to the throne, nor his continuous
contact with several of the greatest men of a great age —
such as Frederick II., Robert Grosteste, and Simon de
Montfort, — nor his immense fortune (for he became the
foremost millionaire of his time), contrived to render him
a really impressive figure. Nevertheless, position and fortune,
not unassisted by a certain average adroitness, enabled him
to bear a conspicuous part in the political life of England
during her long and precarious struggle for popular freedom,
and this could not but confer upon him an unmistakable
significance. I am, however, here concerned with him, not
merely as a political personage, but as the founder of
Hayles Abbey and a Royal figure intimately connected
with Gloucestershire by many and various ties, especially
as the father of four princes and the husband of one Queen,
whose bones still lie beneath the quiet pastures around the
remains of the Abbey.

And the first question in this connection which arises
must be, How came there to be a Crown property at

Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 87

Hayles upon which Richard might eventually build his
Abbey of S. Mary ? It is certain that in the large field
north of the parish church of Hayles, in 1225, there stood
a castle, then held by John de Julin — a castle which can
be traced back to the possession of Ralph de Worcester, in
the reign of Stephen. At the owner's death in that year it
passed with its lands to the Crown. King Henry almost
immediately discharged the inhabitants of Hayles from the
Hundred of Winchcomb, and conferred the property witli
its belongings upon his brother, probably on the occasion of
knighting him, and when he was also created Earl of Cornwall.
This done, Earl Richard and his uncle, William Longespee,
Earl of Salisbury, and Philip de Albini, sailed to Gascony,
where they spent a year or more, afterwards incurring
grave perils at sea on their way home. This visit thither
of Richard was productive of a deputation of the nobles of
Gascony, Aquitaine, and Poitou, who, headed by the Bishop
of Bordeaux, waited on King Henry at Oxford in 1229,
where he was spending Christmas, and begged him to
come over sea to them in order that they should help him
to recover his rights, and win back English predominance
in Aquitaine, which had been lost by King John. "But
when Hubert [de Burgh] the Justiciary heard this he post-
poned the matter to a future time, till a more favourable
opportunity should arise. And the messengers, receiving
no other reply, returned to their own country, like men
deceived." However, this was made the motive for a heavy
requisition upon the Clergy of all orders, from the city of
London, and from the Jews, on the strength of which the
King set out with an expedition to Brittany that ended
most ignominiously, and led to the fall of Hubert de Burgh.
Among those who died in Brittany was Gilbert de Clare,
Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, leaving behind him his
widow Isabel, daughter of William Marshal, Earl of Pem-
broke (d. 1 231). This lady, scarcely twenty years of age, so
completely attracted the admiration of Earl Richard that he
married her, with the King's consent, in the following April

88 Transactions for the Year 1899.

( 1 231), and with her he enjoyed Sundon, in Bedfordshire, which
later passed to her son, Richard de Clare. On this occasion
the King granted Richard the Crown property of Wallingford
Castle and a number of other manors. Still heir-presumptive
to the throne, what with his rich estates and the development
of his Cornish mines, he was on the way to become as dis-
tinguished for his wealth and the conserving thereof as King
Henry was already become for its dissipation. It was doubtless
no difficult matter for those about the Court to contrast the
two brothers, and perhaps to flatter Richard for his prudence.

After three years of matrimony, Earl Richard was led
to doubt whether he could longer remain in lawful matrimony
with Isabella owing to someone having informed him that
he had been related to her first husband in the fourth degree.
He therefore wrote to Gregory IX. concerning the matter,
and from him received a reply from Perugia in July, 1235, to
the effect that he was to lay aside all doubt and remain in
matrimony. On the following November 5th Isabella gave
birth at Hayles Castle to a son, who was baptized in
Hayles Church with the name of the King. He was
afterwards to become known as Henry of Almaine.

At the same period we find Richard taking serious interest
in the monastery of Beaulieu, in Hampshire, a Cistercian
house which had been ibunded by his father, King John,
in 1205, and a daughter of Citeaux in France. Among other
causes, bitter antagonisms that had begun to manifest them-
selves between the popular, but rival, orders of Dominic
and Francis were tending to accentuate the especial favour
with which the Cistercian Order was now being regarded.
Beaulieu, although its church had not yet been finished,
enjoyed an annual rental of ^"1,000, and, being situated
in a lonely spot, it needed little money for the purposes of
hospitality. The Abbot, however, found himself engaged
in litigation with the rector of S. Keveran, in Cornwall, to
recover moneys due to his Abbey from that living,1 for the
patronage of which it was indebted to Earl Richard.
1 Cal. Pafal Registers, vol. i., p. 155.

Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 89

In the following year, the Earl, with his kinsman Gilbert
Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, and others, assumed the cross
with the intention of setting forth together to the Holy
Land ; and Matthew Paris tells us that Richard cut down
much timber in order to raise funds for that purpose.
He had, in fact, been spending vast sums upon Walling-
ford and Berkhampstead, and perhaps, also, upon Hayles
Castle. But though his wish to join the Crusade was
unquestionably sincere, he was the next heir to the throne,
and this circumstance gave pause to the advisers of the Crown,
especially to the Pontiff himself. The dangers at home as
well as abroad were manifold. The King, who had put
aside a vow of celibacy, had at length married Eleanor,
daughter of Raymond Berenger, Count of Provence, and
sister of the Queen of France, in January, 1236. The
sudden increase of French influence — already far too power-
ful in the eyes of Englishmen — around the King, and the
absence, as yet, of offspring from the King's union, made
it imperative the Earl should remain in England. Con-
sequently, we find special Papal mandates addressed both
to him, to Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, and to
William, Earl of Salisbury, forbidding them to set forth,
under pain of losing the Indulgence granted to Crusaders,
owing to " their councils being very necessary to the safety
of England." The wisdom of this precaution becomes fully
apparent when, in the wave of indignation caused by the
King's new exactions, Richard makes himself a popular
mouthpiece, and actually reproaches Henry with occasioning
so much desolation throughout the kingdom, and with allowing
himself to become the mere puppet of the Legate and his
Consort's relations. Consequently, the Earl and his illustrious
friends and kinsmen postponed their enterprise, although at
the same time carrying on active correspondence with the
Emperor Frederick II. (who had lately married his sister
Isabella) relative to the practical ordering of their future
undertakings in the Holy Land.

This postponement brought other important matrimonial

90 Transactions for the Year 1899.

events to the front, especially the marriage, in 1238, of the
Earl's younger sister, Eleanor (widow of William Marshal,
Earl of Pembroke), with Simon, Earl of Leicester, and
that of Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, with Matilda,
daughter of John de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, both of which
unions proved not only extremely displeasing to Earl
Richard and to the people generally, but nearly led to
violence. The King, in fact, had secretly obtained dispen-
sations from Rome for these marriages, omitting to consult
either his brother or his nobles. In acting thus he had
deliberately broken a former pledge to them. In consequence,
Earl Richard, much to his credit, "rose against the King,
and was joined by Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke, together with
all the earls and barons of England, and the citizens and
people in general. It was then most confidently hoped that
Earl Richard would release the country from the wretched
slavery with which it was oppressed by the Romans and the
other foreigners ; and all parties, from the old man to the
boy, heaped blessings upon him. The King, in finding how
matters stood, both felt and showed his alarm, and sent
messengers to each of the nobles of the kingdom, making
earnest enquiries if he could rely on them for assistance ; to
which they all, and especially the citizens of London,
answered that what Earl Richard had begun was brought
about with a view to their own honour and the advantage of
the whole kingdom, though he, the King, did not approve of
his proceedings, and that therefore they would not oppose
his designs. The Legate, Otto (Cardinal of San Niccolo in
Carcere) on finding this to be the case, saw that danger was
imminent, and applied himself with the utmost diligence to
reconcile the King to his natural subjects, secretly advising
Earl Richard, who was the chief promoter of this discord,
to desist from his purpose, promising that the King should confer
on him still larger possessions, and that the Pope would after-
wards confirm the grants of these; adding also, that, although
the entire realm should rise against Henry, he, who was his
brother, ought patiently to stand by him against all men."

Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 91

To this Earl Richard replied with a vigorous defence of
his position and a peremptory rejection of the terms offered.
Whereupon the Legate and the Bishop of Winchester (Peter
de Roches) went to the King, and their persuasions led to
a convocation of nobles in London, which, unfortunately,
resulted in a compromise, owing to Simon de Montfort
arid the Earl of Lincoln having meanwhile effected
reconciliation with Earl Richard. " By these irregular
proceedings" (writes Matthew Paris) "the whole business
was in a great degree impeded, and the miseries of the
kingdom in great degree prolonged ; moreover, they clouded
the reputation of Earl Richard, who thus came to be an
object of suspicion, when he had been regarded as the
staff of strength." Simon de Montfort made a temporary
and adroit absence from England and visited Rome, in order
to obtain a Pontifical ratification of his union with Eleanor.
On his return later on, however, he was affectionately
received by the King, and soon became his chief councillor.
Moreover, Kenilworth Castle was assigned to him for a
residence.

In 1239, on the 17th June (late at night) was born to
the King and Queen, at Westminster, a son, "and he was
called Edward, which name he received after the glorious
King and Confessor, Edward, whose body rests in the
Church of St. Peter at Westminster." At his baptism,
four days later, by the Legate, Earl Richard and the
Earl of Leicester were present in person as sponsors.

It is manifest that Richard had missed a great opportunity.
He had resisted the blandishments of the Legate, whose
words, as given by the chronicler above, were addressed
clearly to his financial proclivities ; but he had given way to
the flattering self-humiliations of Simon de Montfort and of
the powerful De Lacy, Earl of Lincoln. Had he at this
moment led the Baronage in a whole-hearted manner, and
backed it with his great resources, the King and his alien
magnates must have given way. The birth of an heir to
the throne increased his distance from it at the same time

92 Transactions tor the Year 1899.

that his reconciliation with De Montfort and King Henry
distanced him from the baronage and the affections of the
people.

In the following year, 14th January, 1240, Isabella,
Countess of Cornwall, died in childbed at Berkhampstead
while the Earl was in Cornwall. Matthew Paris writes
that a son was then born, to whom was given the name
of Nicholas ; but he also died. " The noble lady Isabella,
Countess of Gloucester and Cornwall, was taken dangerously
ill of the yellow jaundice, and when her time arrived she
became insensible; and after having had the ample tresses
of her flaxen hair cut off, and having made a full confession
of her sins, she departed to the Lord, together with a boy to
whom she had given birth." The Earl, who, as has been
already observed, was intimately associated, as a patron,
with Beaulieu Abbey, over-ruled her expressed desire to be
buried at Tewkesbury, and meaning to be buried beside her
when his own time should come, he caused her body to be
buried before the high altar at Beaulieu,1 her heart in a
silver cup to be interred before that of Tewkesbury, while
the intestines went to a similar resting-place with the monks
at Missenden.2

All these circumstances, it may be conjectured, combined
in determining the Earl to postpone no longer his departure
for the Holy Land, and being made ready he came from his
castle at Wallingford to Reading, where he met the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury and some of the Bishops, to whom he
bade farewell, leaving his children and possessions protected
by a special Papal indult, but nevertheless with little comfort

1 In 1862 her tomb was discovered at Beaulieu Abbey by means of a
horse accidentally putting its leg into a hole in the meadow beyond the
cloisters. The sculptured and inscribed slab was then found, and beneath it
lay her skeleton, some of the above-mentioned hair being still attached to
the skull. Her effigies are crowned, and the inscription bears traces of
lead-ing. (Cf. Arclurological Journal, 1863, p. 107.) By kind permission
of Lord Montagu, the writer has been allowed to examine these relics.

2 Arms of Marshal : Party per Pale, or and vert ; a lion rampant gules,
armed and langued, azure.

• Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 93

at heart. " The prelates, when they saw this, all burst into
tears, and said : ' Why, Earl, our only hope, do you abandon
us ? or, for whom do you desert us ? We shall be desolate
without you. In your absence rapacious foreigners will
invade us ! ' The Earl, then, in tears, replied to the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury: 'My father and Lord, of a truth,
even had I not assumed the cross, yet would I go, and
absent myself so that I might not behold the evils of our
people and the desolation of the kingdom, which 'tis believed
I am able to prevent, although I cannot really do so! ' " And
so he departed.

He had not been long gone when King Louis IX., taking
-advantage of his absence and the weakness of Henry III.,
conferred upon his brother, Alphonse, the Earldom of Poitou,
which belonged to Earl Richard. With the latter, however,
affairs prospered, both on his journey and in the Holy
Land. Nothing effectual had been achieved against the
Saracen for several years. Papal authority had sent abroad
throughout Christendom an army of Dominicans and
Franciscans, ostensibly to procure funds for a fresh
crusade, but the chief result had been an extra-
ordinary enrichment of both those orders so especialy
vowed to poverty, as well as of the Roman treasury.
Another conspicuous means of raising these riches is made
apparent by the Papal registers. Crusaders were encouraged
to take vows and buy indults for the protection of their
families and heirs during their projected absence, or in case
of their deaths. Thereafter they were forbidden to go, and
induced to purchase commutation of their vows. At the
meeting of Earl Richard and his comrade barons and
knights at Northampton, however, they swore to God and
each other at the altar, that they would no longer be
hindered by the Church from fulfilling their honourable
vows, nor allow their arms to be diverted for service in
Europe against the merely personal enemies of the Pontiff.
The French Crusaders had preceded their English colleagues,
but having fallen out with the Templars, and having

94 Transactions for the Year 1899.

suffered a severe defeat near Gaza, they now returned
discomfited to France.

The Earl acted with worthy decision and rapidity, and
having demanded in vain from the Emir of Karat fulfilment
of his agreement to liberate the Christian captives, he
jnarched with his English host to Jaffa. This movement
was followed by immediate and remarkable results. The
captives were liberated, and the Sultans of Cairo and
Damascus opened negotiations with him. From them
he contrived to obtain a restoration of the territories
lost to the Latin kingdom, and an absolute cession of
Jerusalem, on whose walls he presently planted the banner
of Christendom. (Cf. Sanudo, lib. iii., xi., c. 15. Matt. Paris.
Ad. Annum.) And thus he brought the sixth Crusade to a
successful issue, due in great part, doubtless, to his having
acted upon the advice of his brother-in-law, the Emperor
Frederick II.

On his return journey he landed at Trapani, in Sicily,
and, being received with great honour, journeyed to Naples,
where he rested for some time as the Emperor's guest. " He
was received in the various cities through which he passed
with the greatest joy and honour, the citizens and their
ladies coming to meet him with music and singing, bearing
branches of trees and flowers, dressed in festal array, &c.
When at length he did reach the Emperor, he was received
by him with all honour ; and after mutually embracing one
another, amidst the applause of all the Imperial attendants,
they indulged in long-desired converse and various sorts of
consolation, and enjoyed themselves as friends for many
days. The Emperor, moreover, ordered him to be gently
and mildly treated with blood-letting, baths, and divers
medicinal fomentations to restore his strengtli after the
dangers of the sea ; and at the end of some days, by the
Emperor's permission, he enjoyed a free and lengthened
conversation with his own sister, the Empress [Isabella]. . .
After some days had thus passed in repose from his toils, the
Emperor sent Earl Richard, in whose fidelity and prudence

Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 95

lie had learned to confide, to the Court of Rome, in order to
cement peace between the Pontiff and himself. The Emperor
likewise, in addition to the honours he had already conferred
on the said Earl, gave him a document, sealed with the
Imperial seal, binding himself to abide by his decision on
whatsoever conditions peace should come to be re-established
by him. On the Earl's arrival in Rome, however, he was
received with insult and contempt ; and he found the Pontiff
so inexorable and adverse to peace that he would agree to
nothing the Earl could propose, and, on the contrary, the
Pontiff insisted that at all events the Emperor should submit
unconditionally to his own will and pleasure, abide by the
commands of the Church, and, furthermore, should take oath
so to do. But to this the Earl would not agree; and after
seeing and hearing many things which rightly displeased
him, he went away, having effected nothing. Having thus
discovered the tergiversation of the Roman Court and city,
the Earl returned to the Emperor, and told him his experi-
ences. The Emperor then replied : ' I am glad that you
have learned personally the truth of those things which we
have heretofore spoken to you verbally.' After remaining
about two months with the Emperor, as a son with his
father, and enjoying much converse with him, the Earl
departed, loaded with costly gifts." L Later in the year
Isabella, the Empress, died in childbirth, leaving a son and
a daughter.

We follow Earl Richard on his return, accompanied by
many of the French nobles and knights whom he had
liberated in the East and by special attendants provided for
him by Frederic, and find him joyfully received at Cremona,
where one special feature of his entertainment was the
Imperial elephant with its howdah, in which sat a band of
musicians "playing on trumpets and clapping their hands."

Earl Richard arrived in England at Epiphany-tide of 1242,
and found London decorated to receive him upon the feast
of S. Agnes, the meeting of the King and his brother proving
1 Cf. Matt, l'aris, ad. Ann. 1241.

g6 Transactions for the Year 1899.

to be of a most cordial description. The first question which
arrested their political attention related to the county of
Poitou and its recent seizure by King Louis ; for the Count
de la Marche had urged King Henry to come without delay
to defend the rights of the Poictevins. These solicitations
had so worked upon the King that he was determined to
take aggressive measures. Now, however, the barons,
feeling galled by his exactions and those of his Ministers,
refused him needful supplies. As, nevertheless, they had not
yet been able to thoroughly compact themselves under a
single strong leader, the King, by persuasions carefully
addressed to each one individually, finally succeeded in
obtaining means to equip an expedition. Accordingly, on
May 15th, 1242, they set out; the Poictevins anticipating
their arrival by commencing hostilities against Louis. The
King and Earl Richard, seven other earls, and three hundred
knights reached the mouth of the Gironde and went to Pons
and Saintes, where they were received by Reginald, Lord of
Pons. The French King was meanwhile marching with four
thousand men-at-arms to repel the " invasion " (as it was
regarded), and in good sooth to win the campaign, greatly at the
expense of English prestige. No doubt his forces were increased
before he reached Tailleburg, on the other side of which the
English army arrived too late to prevent its surrendering. In
the events which rapidly followed, Earl Richard played a more
prudent and dignified part than King Henry, and by grasping,
before it was too late, the utterly false position in which he
now found the English forces to have gotten themselves —
partly owing to the double-dealings of the Count de la
Marche and his Countess,1 — he may even be said to have
made the best of a bad situation, albeit it involved
the disgraceful flight of his kingly brother and himself.
Discovering, then, the Poictevin treachery, and addressing
recriminations to the said Count, who was King Henry's
stepfather, Earl Richard laid down his sword, and, taking a

1 Isabella, widow of King John, and called "Jezebel " by the Poictevins

themselves.

Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 97

staff, went over to the French camp to try and arrange a
truce. He was received, we learn, with marked respect, in
regard for his having freed so many French captives in
the Holy Land. But King Louis only granted a truce until
the morrow, saying to him : " My Lord Earl, I have
granted this truce to last for to-day and to-night, so
that you may meditate what may be best to be done ;
for night brings counsel with it." The Earl replied: "On
that account I asked for the truce." He then returned
and informed Henry of their imminent peril of capture, in
consequence of which the King and his army at once retreated
in disorder begotten of panic, and Henry did not draw rein
until he reached Saintes. Next day the French closely followed
them, and a considerable skirmish took place, in which
Simon de Montfort and John Mansel distinguished them-
selves. It is not surprising to find among the results of this
disaster that the Count de la Marche immediately set about
procuring his own reconciliation with King Louis, who,
moreover, had already captured two of his sons. But Henry
and Richard were not permitted to remain at Saintes. Louis
intended to surround and besiege them there. The main
result of the French plan becoming known to Richard while
staying there, was a further ignominious flight to Blaye.
The whole of Poitou was then turned against Henry, and
a lasting truce between French and English was only
brought about owing to a decimating outbreak of pestilence
in the French army.

The King had been twice in actual danger of capture,
and we may be sure that Earl Richard was heartily ashamed
of the whole expedition. It would appear, however, that he
and Henry soon quarrelled very seriously in regard to
the Earl's rights over Gascony, which Henry had attempted
to take from him and confer upon Prince Edward. The
Earl, after taking refuge in a convent at Bordeaux, made his
way home from that city alone in October, 1242. Caught
in a gale, however, his vessel with difficulty made one of the
Scilly islands. In gratitude for his escape, the Ear] regis-

8
Vol. XXII.

98 Transactions for the Year 1899.

tered a vow to build an abbey for the Cistercian Order on
his estate at Hayles, in Gloucestershire-
It is not a little curious to observe that, at the same
moment, King Henry was laying pitfalls for the Cistercian
Order throughout England, so as to extract money from
them, by the instrumentality of Boniface, Archbishop of
Canterbury. This prelate, therefore, convened all the English
abbots of the Order, or met them "with anxious entreatings
and fair words." The reply of the abbots might be placed
fittingly in the mouth of a representative Quaker : " We are
not permitted to assist anybody in carrying on war, in which
blood, especially Christian blood, is spilled, lest by so doing
we depart from the rules of our Order, which has a great
horror of blood. But we will willingly help our Lord and
patron in efficacious and indefatigable prayers, charities, and
other pious works." They, therefore, quietly refused the King
his demand of the year's wool from their flocks, and retired.

The following year, 1243, was destined to prove eventful
in the domestic as well as the political career of the Earl.
He had learnt to sympathise with his brother-in-law, Simon
de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, and with the baronial
tendency to exercise patriotic resistance towards the King, to
the Provencal party, and to the Court of Rome which was
working behind these. The weight of his position, energy, and
wealth were become of extreme value to the barons, just at a
time when a most untoward event occurred, namely, a second
marriage, which was negotiated between him and Sanchia de
Provence, sister of the Queens of France and England.
In fact, Beatrice, Countess of Provence, brought her
daughter in great state to England, and on S. Clement's
day she and Richard were united at Westminster in
circumstances of surpassing splendour. But in spite of the
merry feasting and unbounded prodigality of the occasion,
there were men who took part in it with bitter hearts,
who perceived that this union would both commit the Earl
to the unpopular, or Court, party, as well as import a farther
batch of Provencals into the country. This was a moment,

Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 99

probably, when the Saxon and Norman elements in England
looked each other full in the face, not as heretofore, hostile
to one another, but rather as acquaintances united by a
common calamity. Well does Matthew Paris exclaim : " How
contemptible and transitory are such joys ! how shadowy and
deceptive, this world, when the morrow's dawn dissipated like
a cloud all these great and varied doings !"

Meantime there had arisen a new Pope in the person of
Sinibaldo Fieschi, styled Innocent IV., who lost no time in
asserting, with the combined ingenuities of his Genoese
nature and legal education, his intention of grinding the last
penny from the English people ; so much so, that letters —
" such as might have softened hearts of iron" — were addressed
to him and his Cardinals by both the King, Earl Richard, and
the Magnates of the realm ; but to little purpose. The
agent sent by the Pope found that he might, as a last resort,
freely use Excommunication as a process for extracting ore
from most unpromising materials. He suspended English
prelates, in all directions, from their benefices, until the
Church, as well as the people, groaned.

Up to the year 1246, Earl Richard had taken no steps to
fulfil his vow, made three years before, of building a
Cistercian abbey. The reason seems to be forthcoming in
circumstances attending the dedication of the Abbey Church
at Beaulieu. That abbey, begun in 1204, had, for some yet
unexplained reason, not been dedicated, although the monks
had been able to use their church as early as 1227. In the
middle of June, 1246, however, we find Beaulieu visited by
the Royal family, including Earl Richard and his Countess —
the Abbot, moreover, entertaining the Bishops of Bath,
Exeter, and Chichester. Shortly after the festival, Earl
Richard took thirteen monks and some 'conversi,' or lay
brethren, from the abbey, with probably the architect, Prater
Johannis Cementarius, and his workmen, to his Gloucester-
shireestate of Hayles, and there proceeded to hi)' the founda-
tions of another royal abbey. That it must have ri len with
unusual rapidity seems certain, owing to the fact that on

ioo Transactions for the Year 1899.

November 5th, 1251, it was dedicated. The author of the
Chronicle of Haylcs cannot resist the opportunity offered him
by the name of Hayles to make play on it : " Heylis, quod
sanus es, vel est, intelligitur. Et hoc ipsum nomen in Monas-
terium primum sua morte fere septennis, Frater Johannis
Cementarius, die Lunae Rogationis, presente Comite, con-
firmavit." x

Although reconciliation over the matter of their personal
differences, and above all the marriage of the Earl to the
Queen's sister, had drawn Richard nearer to Henry, we
find him with Simon de Montfort, Grosteste, Walter de
Cantelupe and William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke,
heading the committee of twelve at Westminster who were
now appointed to effect reform in the Royal expenditure
and regulation in the King's conduct. The instability of the
King, incurable as it had become, had so far not infected his
brother.

Money was being arduously collected during the ensuing
years for the purposes of another Crusade, and both political
parties were to some extent united in this pious purpose, Earl
Richard himself collecting six hundred and more pounds.
In 1247, however, the King received from one of the
Templars a crystal vase containing some drops of the Holy
Blood which had been shed from the side of the Redeemer,
to which was attached a certification, with seals of the
Patriarch of Jerusalem, the Grand Master, and other
ecclesiastical dignitaries. In October of that year, having
invited his magnates to London, the King carried this sacred
relic from St. Paul's to the newly-rebuilt Abbey Church of
Westminster, when Walter de Suffield, Bishop of Norwich,
preached a sermon exalting the virtue of this wonderful
treasure, concerning which, by report of his words, it is evident
that not a little scepticism obtained. This grand festival was
held purposely on the anniversary of the sainted Edmund
Rich, formerly Archbishop of Canterbury, whose remains had

'Arms of Hayles. — Arg: A Bend. A Crosier gules surmounted with
a lion rampant of the last. All within a Bordure Bezantee.

Richard, Earl of Cornwall. ioi

recently1 been translated2 at Pontigny with great honours,
in the Cistercian Abbey there. Regretting his absence from
the great ceremony of the translation at Pontigny, the Earl is
reported to us to have used these words: " Alas, that it was
not ordained on high for the King and myself to have been
present at this glorious and solemn translation ! For he was
ouv Saint by birth, education, and promotion, although, owing
to our sins, he withdrew from England. However, what I
was not present to do there, I will do absent — I will pay due
reverence and honour to him." And from that time he began
to love the Saint more sincerely, and to honour him more
devoutly. Happening to be oppressed by a severe and secret
illness, endangering his life, he invoked his assistance, and
was happily freed from his ailment ; wherefore, in gratitude
to God and the Saint, he took upon himself to build a fourth
part, that is, the front of the shrine (cf. Matt. Paris, a.d. 1247).
This is not without considerable bearing, it will be seen, upon
the building and endowing of Hayles Abbey, and, moreover,
accounts for the rapidity of its erection and completion.
Two years later we find him paying a visit to Pontigny for
the purpose of devotion at the Saint's tomb, and not only
this, but he christens a son, whom Countess Sanchia bore
him at Berkhampstead (1250), Edmund, in his honour, as did
likewise King Henry, in naming his second son Edmund,
surnamed Crouchback, afterwards titular King of Sicily.

The Cistercian Order was now at the height of its
popularity. Many of the most splendid abbeys in the
kingdom were in its possession, including Tintern, presently
rebuilding, Melrose, Waverley, Netley, Fountains, Flaxley,
Whalley, Furness, Rievaulx, and Croxden. Nevertheless,
the powerful Dominican and Franciscan Orders affected to
regard the White Monks with contempt, or at least with
indifference, as being devoted to a simpler life than them-
selves, and especially as being agriculturists, albeit this side

'June G, 12.(7.

2His remains suffered frequent "translation." To be a Saint in those days

connoted disturbance of one's remains, not to speak of pilfering.

102 Transactions for the Year 1899.

of their life was for the most part delegated to lay-brethren.
Consequently, we learn of the endowing of Schools at Paris
and elsewhere, for the study of Theology and Canon law, " so
that they might not appear inferior to the other Orders."

On his way back from Pontigny, Richard contrived, while
at Pans, to purchase from the Abbot of S. Denis his rights
over the Priory of Deerhurst, with several villages pertaining
thereto. A little later on he procured, during a visit to the
Roman Court at Lyons, ratification of this purchase, and on
returning to Gloucestershire he expelled the monks thence and
took possession, according to Matthew Paris, in a somewhat
violent manner. " He also determined to build a castle
there, on the river Severn."

On the occasion of his visiting Innocent IV. at Lyons, he
was accompanied by Sanchia and his son by his first countess,
Henry, now a lad of fifteen. They were richly attended by
a retinue of forty knights, three bishops, and five loaded
waggons. Innocent had desired to see the Earl, probably
for several reasons. The French King was fallen in great
difficulties at Damietta while leading a crusade, and on the
very day that Earl Richard was feasting with the Sovereign
Pontiff, it happened that he and his brother, Charles, Count
of Anjou, and Alphonse, Count of Poitou, were taken prisoners
by the Sultan, and their army was more than decimated. But
this fact was, of course, not known until some time later, when
Richard had reached London, in August. The Emperor
Frederick continuing under excommunication, his throne
of Naples and Sicily had been declared vacant, and the
arrogant Pontiff was looking about for a candidate to place
upon it. In his eyes no one could seem so well fitted for
such a post as the rich and pious Earl of Cornwall, whose
wife was the ambitious sister of two reigning Queens.
Prudence, fear, and, perhaps, silent respect for Frederick,
dictated his refusal of the proffered honour. Furthermore,
the German throne was similarly declared to be vacant ; and
England, being regarded with good reason as the Virgin's
Dower, the Mexico of Rome, Innocent desired to obtain

Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 103

information viva voce regarding the actual conditions of
parties there ; as to where pressure could be exerted
fruitfully, and where it could not be, as well as particulars
respecting both the King's sons and those of the Earl, in view
of their possible candidature for puppet-monarchies. In fact,
there was almost an embarrassment of choice, for, besides
these Princes, and Earl Richard himself, there was Charles of
Anjou, who had married (1246) Beatrice of Provence, the
last daughter of the House which had given Earl Richard,
King Henry, and King Louis IX. their respective wives.

In the following December (1250) the great Hohenstaufen
Emperor succumbed to disease, and the struggle with the
Papacy only increased in intensity in the hands of his
excommunicated heirs.

But by this time the quiet Cotswold vale beyond Winch-
comb, the inhabitants of which had only been used to the black
Benedictines of Winchcomb Abbey, had become accustomed
to the appearance among their fields of the white monks
and their throngs of workmen, under whose energetic hands
had already arisen far toward its completion a splendid
church and convent within three hundred yards of the little
Norman church and Castle of Hayles. This Parish Church
of Hayles, together with Hagley in Worcestershire, had
been recently confirmed to the new Royal Monastery by
the Pontiff (4 non. Jan., 1248, Kal. Papal Registcvs). By
the following" November all was sufficiently complete and in
order for the great Dedication, which it was arranged should
take place on the anniversary of .St. Leonard's Day and
the birth of his son Henry, afterwards of ' Almaine.' The
wealthy Earl, to whom the King, his brother, was now
become deeply in debt for moneys lent, confessed to have
spent as much as 10,000 marks (£1,600 of that day) upon
the building. The King and Queen reached Winchcomb,
where they stayed a few days, on Saturday, November 4th,
1251. On Sunday the Abbey of Hayles was dedicated,
twelve bishops — Ely, Lincoln, Worcester, London, Norwich,
Salisbury, Exeter, Chichester, Bath and Wells, St. David's,

104 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Rochester, and St. Asaph (cf. Landboc, Reg. Monast, dc
Winchelcomba, vol. i., p. xx.) — taking part in the ceremony,
besides the Abbot of Hayles. Matthew Paris says there
were thirteen, " who celebrated mass, each at his own
altar, while the Bishop of Lincoln (Grosteste) solemnly
chanted mass at the High Altar. This was a Sunday
(first after All Saints), and the nobles feasted sumptuously
in company with the bishops and others, who ate meat,
whilst the religious men took their places, and refreshed
themselves with large quantities of fish of divers kinds.
There were present also more than three hundred soldiers ;
indeed, if I should describe in full the splendour of that
solemn and festive gathering, I should be thought to be
exceeding the bounds of truth. When I, Matthew Paris,
desired to be informed upon the matter, in order that I
might not insert falsities in this book, the Earl, without
hesitation, informed me that when all expenses were
reckoned up, he had laid out ten thousand marks in the
building of that church ; adding this venerable and laudable
speech : ' Would to God I had expended what I have laid
out on the Castle of Wallingford in as wise and salutary
a manner.' "

In such a manner, therefore, Earl Richard had now
fulfilled his vow to the Virgin. We are not told with
what Holy Relics the Abbey was presented, but that, at a
later period, it possessed several, including a fragment of
the Cross, is certain. Moreover, it was destined, like
Westminster, to be enriched in 1270 with a Relic of the
Holy Blood, by Edmund, the Earl's son by Sanchia of
Provence, which came to be known as the " Blood of
Hayles."

In the troubles which ensued regarding Simon de
Montfort, his brother-in-law, who had been governing
unruly Gascony for four years, and against whom the
Gascons lodged bitter complaints, the Earl took Simon's
part, and thus made his weight felt. It is, however, certain
that although Earl Richard was conspicuous for his piety,

Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 105

and had earlier in life been looked up to with sincere respect
by the people, he had now become regarded as untrust-
worthy, and devoted to the accumulation of wealth. This
was in part attributable to the mystery which had been
observed in regard to his visit to the Pope, at Lyons. It
was also known that the King was financially involved, and
had given him, in consequence, a general concession over all
the Jews in England, so that he might assist the King
further, as well as himself. Nevertheless, it sufficiently
appears that although Richard extracted money from them,
like most princes of the day, he behaved with conspicuous
humanity, being apparently moved by the desperation of
their poverty. He lent the King a further sum of 8,000
marks, and received from him security "in gold."

In the year 1255, Richard is found making a pilgrimage
to the tomb of his lately-deceased friend and fellow-traveller,
Robert Grosteste, Bishop of Lincoln, whose resting-place
had already become associated with miracles. Meanwhile,
Innocent IV. died, and was succeeded by an inferior
imitator, in the person of Alexander IV., who pressed King
Henry to accept for his second son Edmund the crown of
Naples and Sicily. Henry was offered, indeed, exemption
from his vow to go on the Crusade if he would lead an
army into Italy against Manfred, to whose successful arms
Naples had opened her gates. Innocent IV. had, in fact,
already acknowledged Edmund as titular King of Sicily, and
his imbecile father was now flaunting the boy before the
public in England in an Italian costume. But in all this
Henry gained no favour from his brother.

Earl Richard was, none the less, occupying his own mind
with a scheme not unconnected with the wearisome struggle
between the Hohenstaufen and the Holy See. The German
Empire had been again rendered vacant through the death,
in battle with the Frisians, of William, Earl of Holland and
Vriesland, upon whom its throne had been papally conferred.
The election of Conradin, the infant nephew of Manfred, to
the throne was vetoed by the Pontiff, and the seven electors

106 Transactions for the Year 1899.

were compelled to look abroad among the various princes of
Christendom for a candidate. Their eyes without difficulty
lighted upon Richard, Earl of Cornwall, and having elected
him among themselves, they sent envoys to Westminster,
where the King was spending Christmas, in 1256, in order to
beg the Earl's compliance with their wishes. The Archbishop
of Cologne wrote further to Richard, assuring him that never
had there been known so spontaneous and unanimous an
election among them. The united solicitations of the King,
the Bishop of Winchester, and Sanchia, his countess, prevailed
over the Earl's grave misgivings, and he at last used a solemn
form of acceptance of the honour and responsibility, which
gave great satisfaction to the envoys. We are told, however,
by the clever and picturesque chronicler, Matthew Paris,
that a satirist exclaimed, "The money cries, For my sake,
Cornwall is married to Rome!" He also records that a
valuation of the Earl's wealth at this period of his life was
made, and it was found to be " that he could furnish a
hundred marks daily for ten years, without counting his
daily augmenting profits arising from his revenues in England
and Germany."

Accordingly, in May, 1257, we see him in company with
Florenz V., Lord of Holland, Zeeland, and Vriesland, the
Bishop of London (who was his Agent-General), his Countess
Sanchia, and his son Henry, with the almost incredible sum
of seven hundred thousand pounds, "which were blood-
stained by many crimes, besides his daily increasing revenues
in England," setting forth from Harwich for Aix-la-Chapelle.
With him he took likewise a new crown and sceptre, which
are perhaps among the somewhat mended ones still preserved
there in a building called the Curia of King Richard. Both the
Earl and Countess were duly crowned by Conrad, Archbishop
of Cologne, with magnificent ceremonies, followed by a banquet
which excited the wonder of the Germans. On the following
day he knighted his son Henry, to whose career, in con-
nection with the desperate condition of English affairs and
with the story of Hayles, the narrative must now pass.

Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 107

Henceforth, Richard is known as King of the Romans,
" Semper Augustus"; and his son by Isabel Marshall, as
Henry of Almaine.

Part II.

The young Lord Henry was four years senior to his
cousin Edward, and two years senior to Henry, the eldest of
his five De Montfort cousins. They had all been brought up
witnesses of the obstinate but vain struggle of the baronage,
to secure the right administration of Magna Charta at the
hands of their uncle, King Henry. They had seen the tide
of national exasperation at the wholesale exactions both of
the Pope and the foreign relations of the Queen rising ever
higher and higher, until it veritably threatened to overwhelm
the Kingdom. Although there was no lack of divisions and
jealousies among the more powerful of the barons, the conduct
of the King and his intimate favourites tended to give them
the sorely needed cohesion, and their mouthpiece was to be
none other than Simon, Earl of Leicester, now backed by the
city of London. Even Edward found it necessary to
espouse the cause of the Wine-merchants of Bordeaux in
opposition to his father. Robert Grosteste was in his
grave ; Earl Richard had become a foreign Royalty and a
money-merchant, on a large scale.

The Provisions of Oxford in 1258 placed the power
of the Crown in the hands of fifteen barons, who soon
attempted to enact a drastic scheme of reformation.
Edward, and Henry of Almaine, found themselves, in spite
of their affection for the King, carried away by the over-
whelming force of this risen tide: and swearing to the
Provisions, they acted in entire accord with their uncle,
Simon de Montfort. During the next five years the agonized
but not despairing country witnessed the repeated attempts
of the King to undermine and throw over the Provisions.
Earl Richard, who had returned to England in 1259 and
reluctantly taken the oath to maintain the Provisions of
Oxford, at the hands of Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester,

ioS Transactions for the Year 1899.

found himself in an awkward position, and perhaps gladly
revisited Germany the following summer. In 1264 Civil war
had actually broken out, and Henry of Almaine was found
on the Baronial side.

The first glimpse in it which we have of Henry is finding
him engaged in pursuit of the fugitive Minister and favourite,
John Mansel, who had crossed the channel in order to
escape the wrath of people and barons, ' fearing for his skin.'
A French Knight, Ingelram de Fiennes, however, made
him prisoner near Boulogne, by contriving (it was believed)
of Queen Eleanor. His father Richard, in consequence,
made an effectual outcry, threatening to throw his weight
entirely on the side of the barons unless his son was
immediately released. Henry was presently set free by
his captor, and duly returned to England.

Edward, more and more finding himself inevitably
bound to his father, although determining his own course
beneath the current of his policy, now induced his cousin
Henry likewise to forsake the side of the Barons,
and their De Montfort cousins. It is reported that he
stimulated his decision by giving him the Manor of
Tickhill, in Yorkshire. His father, Richard, who was
become the King's chief creditor, had likewise drifted
completely away from the National cause. Henry of Almaine,
therefore, wrote to Earl Simon, and said: " My Lord Earl,
I cannot any longer fight against my father, against my
uncle, the King, and my other relatives. With your consent,
I will leave you ; but I will never bear arms against you."
To which the great leader replied: " Lord Henry, it is not on
account of the loss of your sword that I grieve, but for the
inconstancy which I see in you." At the same time Hamon
L'Estrange, Roger de Clifford, and others, broke the
allegiance they had formerly sworn to the barons.

After a Royalist success at Tonbridge Castle, in which
was captured Alicia de Clare, Countess of Gloucester, the
struggle culminated to a crisis in the battle of Lewes,
although the Barons had tactfully offered to compromise

Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 109

with the King by giving him 50,000 marks for alleged
damages done to his property. On this occasion, Richard
appeared in his full-blown financial capacity, and demanded
that same sum from them for his personal compensation
alone. The Baronial party, in vengeance for the Earl's
desertion of the National Cause, had plundered and
burned his Manor of Isleworth. This incident is somewhat
derisively commemorated in one of the contemporary

songs :-

"The King of Almain, by my loyalty,
Thirty thousand Pounds, ask't he
For to make peace in the countree,
And so he did more."

From general Referee and Arbitrator, he had now drifted
into a speculative middleman ; and he paid a heavy price
for his degeneration, leaving arbitration in the hands of his
brother-in-law, King Louis of France.

At the battle, Richard had with him not only his eldest
son, but Edmund, his son by Sanchia of Provence, who was
but fourteen years of age. Many of the Gloucestershire
barons, such as John de Haresfield and Gifford of Brimsfield,
were with their enemies. Suffering, as he was, from the
seizure of certain of his properties by the Barons, he himself
sent them a defiant message.

In the fight which ensued then, the King of the Romans
with his two sons commanded the left wing of the Royal
army, which was opposed to the force led by their cousins,
the sons of Simon de Montfort. Moreover, Richard seems
to have set himself the ambitious achievement of capturing
the great Earl. The latter, however, by masterly tactics,
so completely out-manceuvred him that his force was thrust
over upon King Henry's in great disorder, leaving in its
wake as prisoners de Bohun, FitzAlan, Percy, and several
Scottish chieftains. The baronial troops, pressing their
advantage home over Lewes Downs, finally surrounded the
fugitive Richard, who had entered a windmill (" with

no Transactions for the Year 1899.

sayles ") toward the coast. The soldiers now made free
to jest on his sorry situation by such exclamations as,
"Come out, you bad miller!" "You mill-master, 'Semper
Augustus'!" The Song of the Battle of Lewes sufficiently
accentuates the point.

The Royal fugitives, later in the day, surrendered to
Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, and Sir John Bess ;
but Henry of Almaine was not taken, though his half-
brother Edmund was, and shared the five months' detention
suffered by their father at Kenilworth Castle. In the
negotiations which followed the defeat, however, Edward
and Henry of Almaine were surrendered as hostages to the
Barons for their respective fathers. Richard then found his
estate put under sequestration, and he was made to disgorge
;£*i 7,000, and ,£"5,000 in gold.

In March, 1265, Henry of Almaine was sent from Dover
into France in order to treat with King Louis, and there he
remained still treating, or else breaking parole (for he had
departed conditionally), till August, when there befell the
culminating battle of Evesham. So that then he returned
to England to share in the triumph of his uncle, King Henry,
and the downfall of the De Montforts, the remnant of whom
found themselves forced to release Richard from Kenilworth
and flee the country. When the news of the death of
Earl Simon and his eldest son and the captivity of the
wounded Guy reached the younger Simon and Richard
de Montfort, at Kenilworth, the soldiers on guard there
were for killing the King of the Romans in revenge. It
was much to Simon the younger's credit that he prevented
the deed. It, however, renders perhaps only more mysterious
the terrible vendetta perpetrated on Henry of Almaine, at
Viterbo, six years later, by both Simon and Guy, who had
become commanders of repute in the army of Charles of
Anjou, King of Naples and Sicily.

We next hear of Henry of Almaine being despatched
with a force to confront Robert de Ferrers, Earl of Derby,
in the North, whom he defeated at Chesterfield and brought

Richard, Earl of Cornwall. hi

in fetters to London, "acquiring for himself much glory."1
(Matthew of Westminster, a.d. 1266.) He was likewise
rewarded with the Manor of Cringley, near Canterbury, which
had belonged to William de Furnival. In 1269 ne married,
at Windsor, Constance, widow of Alfonso of Aragon, and
daughter of Eskivat de Chabannois, Count of Bigorre, and
Agnes, daughter of the Count de Foix. In 1270 he joined
his cousin Edward, and set forth with him to the Crusade at
Tunis. Arrived there, they found that the King of France,
their uncle, and Tristan, his brother, were dead of the plague,
and ignominious truce with the Moslem had been concluded.
Edward, therefore, determined to proceed to Acre; but he
sent Henry back to Gascony by way of Italy, under protec-
tion of Charles of Anjou, in order that he might adjust
various difficulties which had arisen there. In consequence,
he joined the funereal procession of Charles and Philip III.
of France, carrying the remains of the deceased Princes to
Rome and Viterbo, on the way to France.

They at length reached Viterbo, where the Conclave then
sitting seemed to require the presence of Charles in order to
arrive at the election of a new Pontiff in place of Clement IV.
These princes took up their lodgings at different palaces of
the nobles in that city, on March 9th, 127 1. It is probable
that Henry of Almaine was lodged in that of the powerful
family of Di Vico, hereditary Prefects of Rome, hard by the
parochial church of San Sylvestro. In those days the
piazza of that church (now del Jesu) was the seat of the
municipality.

On the morning of March 10th, while the two monarchs,
his kinsmen, attended mass in the church of S. Francesco, s
Henry of Almaine went to that of S. Sylvestro. He was
kneeling before the altar, at the moment of the elevation,

1 Note. It is not unworthy of remark that tiles bearing the arms of

this De Ferrers, but within a Bordure, have been lately found in the north
aisle of the Presbytery of Hayles Abbey. His son may have ended his
days a prisoner at Hayles.

- Xot in San Lorenzo, the Duomo, as is usually stated.

ii2 Transactions for the Year 1899.

when Guy and Simon de Montfort, advancing towards him,
shouted to him : " Henry, you traitor, you shall not escape
us!" and undeterred by the deacons, who vainly endeavoured
to defend the Prince, they commenced hacking at him with
their swords. Clinging to the altar, four of his fingers were
left adhering to it. One of the deacons was killed.
Aldebrandino Rosso, Count of Anguillara, father-in-law of
Guy, and William de Baskerville, who had fought at Evesham,
took part in the murder. The former was afterwards cited
to appear in answer to the charge by Pope Gregory X. ;
the latter was presently outlawed for his participation, and
he put in the plea, when summoned, that he could not be
tried for a deed committed in a foreign country. The murder
done, the De Montforts rode away from the town with the
Count and their accomplices to the castle of Soana. Later,
fearing the emissaries of Edward, they took refuge in the
Cistercian Abbey of Galgano, towards Siena.

The body of the unfortunate Prince was treated in
accordance with a barbarous usage obtaining in that day,
the origin of which is probably to be attributed to the vicissi-
tudes of the Crusades. I refer to divisional, or tripartite,
sepulture : that is to say, the securing of the prayers of three
separate congregations by means of distributing important
members of a corpse among them. As crusading Princes
desired their remains to be sent back to their family
sepulchres in Europe, it became necessary to embalm, or
preserve them in some other manner. King Louis and his
brother Trislan, who had recently perished, had been boiled
in wine and separated into flesh, bones, and heart, each of
which was destined to a different Shrine. Cf. the indignant
prohibition uttered by Boniface VIII. (" Detestanda feritatis
abusum ") of the custom. This prohibition, however, was in
vain, and the custom has continued, by Papal licence,
down to our own century. The case was not otherwise
with Henry of Almaine. His body was boiled ; while
his flesh was buried in the Cathedral of Viterbo, between
the remains of two popes. His heart, however, was placed

Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 113

in a golden vase and sent to the Benedictines at West-
minster, who consigned it to the shrine of Edward the
Confessor. Dante refers to this in the well-known passage
wherein he describes De Montfort as a lonely spirit plunged
np to the throat in hot blood, and shunned even by other
murderers, as having smitten in the church " the heart
which still bleeds for vengeance, beside the Thames "
(/;//. xii. 119). The bones of the murdered Prince were
brought to London and thence carried to Hayles, where
they were interred in front of the then high altar, on
May 21st, with the utmost solemnity. We hear of a
funeral mass, performed in his honour, at Norwich as late
as July 22nd. His arms were: Or, an Eagle Displayed,
sable. Armed Gules.

A picture representing the murder is recorded by con-
temporary chroniclers to have been painted at Viterbo, to
which certain descriptive verses were appended. These will
be found in Matthew of Westminster. Another picture,
perhaps a copy of this fresco, was extant in S. Sylvestro
until thirty years ago, and Signor Caposalvi, an architect of
that city, relates that he and others still living well recollect
it. It is possibly yet extant as a "curio" in the hands of
someone, who may be unaware of its significance.

Simon de Montfort, the younger, perished by accident at
Siena, within a year of the murder. Guy, whose abundant
correspondence with the Pope respecting it I have obtained,
underwent certain serious penances, but survived until 1288,
when he was captured at sea by Ruggiero di Loria, the
Aragonese admiral, then fighting against Charles of Anjou
lor the possession of Sicily. He died in a Sicilian prison.

Earl Richard, whose health had been fast failing, at
the date of the murder of his son, in September (1271),
learned of the partial destruction of his abbey at Hayles
by a fire, and being attacked by paralysis while at his
manor of Berkhampstead in December of the same year,
he presently lost his reason. He lingered until February of
the following year, when he died, lie was buried beside

Vol. XXII.

ii4 Transactions for the Year 1899.

his queen, Sanchia,1 at Hayles. His son, Edmund (Earl of
Cornwall), re-built and extended the church for the monks,
re-dedicating it in 1277, and enriching it with the famous
relic known as the Blood of Hayles. It is to him the Abbey
owed the fine polygonal Apse lately uncovered. Richard left
behind him a third wife, Beatrice, daughter of Dietrich von
Falkenstein, niece of Conrad, Archbishop of Cologne, reputed
an exceedingly beautiful woman, whom he had married in
1269, and another son, Richard, who was killed at Berwick
in 1296, and likewise buried at Hayles.2

1 Sanchia of Provence died in 1261, and was buried November 9th at
Hayles, whither her body had been brought from Berkhampstead by
Boniface, Archbishop of Canterbury, Peter of Savoy, and two Bishops.
Her arms are — Or, four pallets, gules.

2 Richard had other issue : —

Richard, buried at Hayles in 1246,

Philip, in Holy Orders 1248,

Isabella, buried at Reading Abbey,

John, died at Marlow, and buried at Reading Abbey,
besides a natural son, Richard, to whom Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, gave
the manor of Thunnack, co. Lincoln, a.d. 12S0. Ancestor of the Cornwalls
of Burford.

NOTES ON THE PARISHES AND CHURCHES
OF EASTLEACH MARTIN AND EASTLEACH

TURVILLE.

By the Rev. W. H. T. WRIGHT,
Curate-in-charge of Eastleach.

Ox the edge of a spur of the Cotswold Hills lie the twin
villages of Eastleach Martin, or Burthorpe, and Eastleach
Turville. The former, a collection of scattered houses and
cottages, finding a home for most of its people in the little
hamlet of Fyfield ; the latter, as described in the Society's
programme, a picturesque village. Perhaps in all Gloucester-
shire there is scarcely a less known spot — a spot which
should attract the artist and lover of the beautiful in Nature,
and at the same time furnish matter of interest to a learned
Society. What I am endeavouring to put before you should
be called a few notes on the Parishes of Eastleach Martin
and Turville, rather than Eastleach Martin and its con-
nection with the Priory of Great Malvern.

According to Fosbrooke, both parishes take date from
about the same period, between the eleventh and thirteenth
centuries. According to Domesday, Drogo Fitzpons held
the Manor of Eastleach Martin, being one of five brothers
of that name who came over with the Conqueror. Of these
brothers, Richard Fitzpons, or son of Puncius, was a great
benefactor to the parish. In the latter part of the eleventh
or beginning of the twelfth century the Church was built,
the founder being the said Richard, and the deed of gift on
his part of the Church of Lech to the Priory of Malvern is
attested by his two brothers, Simon and Osborn, among
others. The original of this deed may be seen in the
British Museum. In a small volume entitled The Chitir/i
and Monastery '/.//, by Mr. Jas. Nott, will be

found a photographic representation of the original deed,
together with a translation. The deed sets forth that

n6 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Richard, son of Puncius, for the good of his own soul, of
that of his wife Mathildis, and the souls of other members
of his family, gave the Church of Lech with five virgates of
land, free and quit and absolved from all service, and with
the whole tithing of his demesne and of the court of the
same vill, and with all things appertaining to the said
Church of Lech : to God, and to St. Mary, and to St.
Michael of Malvern, and to the monks there serving God :
and further grants to the aforesaid monks and to their clerks
for the service of their Church of Lech full common of the
whole of his vill and land.

Taken in connection with this, the Charter of the
Dedication of the Church granted by Simon, Bishop of
Worcester, shows again the influence of Malvern in the
parish. To this charter is affixed the seal of Thomas, Prior
of Malvern, thought by Mr. Nott to be perhaps that of
Thomas de Wick, who was Prior in 121 7 : this date, however,
seems too late, as Simon was consecrated Bishop of
Worcester in 1125. The Prior Thomas in question may
possibly have succeeded Walcher in that office in 1135.
This date would of course coincide with the period of
Bishop Simon's episcopate. Since Gilbert Foliot, Abbot of
Gloucester, appears one of the witnesses, we know that the
dedication must have taken place between June nth, 1139,
the date of his benediction as Abbot, and September 5th, 114S,
when he was consecrated to the See of Hereford. As Bishop
of London, he became one of the chief opponents of St. Thomas
of Canterbury. The seal is a pointed oval in a niche
under an early form of canopy, the Virgin seated holding the
Infant Saviour, between St. Michael the Archangel on the
right, and a Saint on the left. Now the Priory Church of
Great Malvern is dedicated to St. Mary and St. Michael,
and until Mr. Nott's book came into my hands it was
supposed that the dedication of the Church of Eastleach
Martin was also to St. Mary: such has been the title always
used, and appearing in the Ordnance Survey Map ; it will
be altered in the new issue of the map, as the facts of the

Churches of Eastleach. 117

case were brought before the officers engaged in surveying
the district last year. There must have been some reason
for the dedication being assigned to the Blessed Virgin :
possibly at some early date the niche in the eastern gable of
the chancel may have been filled with a group similar to that
on the Malvern Seal, representing St. Mary, SS. Michael and
Martin; and from the prominence of the central figure, the
dedication may have been assigned to St. Mary — or perhaps
the transept was dedicated to her, and the old names of the
church gradually dropped out. The following extract refers
to that portion of the charter dealing with the dedication of
the Church at Eastleach Martin : " To all the sons of Holy
Mother Church, Simon by the grace of God, Bishop of
Worcester, greeting. By the anxious care of the office
which has been committed to us we are bound to corroborate
with the diligence of Episcopal authority those things which
are delivi red to Churches and divine places by the gift of
the faithful, in order that they may obtain firm stability.
Therefore let the whole body of those who now exist, and
posterity which is about to succeed in future times, know
that in the dedication of the Church of St. Michael and of
the Blessed Martin of East Lech, which was celebrated by
our ministration at God's disposition and by the petition of

our beloved children R , the Prior and the brethren of

Malvern . . . Therefore to the end that it may stand
settled for ever and unassailed we fortify with the impression
of our seal the text of this present document and commend
it to public knowledge. These being witnesses: Gilbert,
Abbot of Gloucester, Richard, Archdeacon of Gloucester,
Patrick and Ralph, Monks of Gloucester, Ernisius and
Hugh, Monks of Malvern, &c."'

The dedication, therefore, took place on the petition of
the Prior and Monks of Malvern. The Abbot of Gloucester
granted land in Fifhida. lie also confirmed with the gift of
the land the privileges accorded in the parish by Richard
the son of Puncius. The Monks of Malvern also gave a
1 British Museum, L.F.C. xviii. 2, ad. 1139—11 p.

n8 Transactions for the Year 1899.

hide of land which they held in Sudtlirop (Southrop), with
all the liberties and customs which they themselves held in
the vill of Eastleach. The charter also notes the offering,
on the part of the parishioners, of the parochial things
which are due to a church. In 1144 Walter de Clifford, a
descendant of Drogo Fitzpons, exchanged this manor with
the Monks of Gloucester, and up till quite recently it was
the property of the Dean and Chapter of Gloucester. In
the minister's accounts (Great Malvern) for the years
1541 — 1543 there appear amongst other names, — Estleche
Merton alias Brondruppe, Coteland, the latter being
apparently the same as Prior's Cotes, the name still
remaining in Cote Mill and Farm.

Tradition assigns to Cote Farm the site of a religious
house ; and beneath the road from Southrop to Eastleach
was a large stone vault, traditionally called the Monk's
Cellar (the slope is now called Cellar Hill), which was filled
up, and an entry to that effect made in the Parish Register,
1748, October: "This month also was buried a large, strong,
stone-built vault under an hill in this parish called Cruel
Hill ; and this memorial of it is made to the intent posterity
may not be imposed upon." Some very good specimens of
flint arrowheads have been found in the parish, and may be
seen at Fyfield Manor.

The Church of SS. Michael and Martin consists of nave,
chancel, north transept, with a low western tower, and south
porch. The doorway and shafts and capitals of the
chancel arch are Norman, the arch itself being of much
later date; transept, fourteenth century. The windows in
the church being of various dates. There are the remains
of a bell cote on the chancel arch. In the nave, some
ancient oak seats very roughly worked. In the churchyard,
the ruins of the churchyard cross.

Separated from the Church of S.S. Michael and Martin
by the river Leach and the roadway, stands the sister
Church of St. Andrew, Eastleach Turville, an interesting
building. The south doorway is Norman. In the centre of

Churches of Eastleach. 119

the tympanum, a representation of our Lord seated with the
hand raised, on either side an angel adoring; the decoration
above is zigzag.

The Church shows evidence of having been at some time
a larger building, there being three arches on the north side
of the nave and one on the north side of the chancel ; of
these, all except that opening into the north transept have
been filled in. The original windows have disappeared, but
there are two two-light windows, apparently of the Decorated
period, in the cellar of Fyfield Manor, which are supposed
to have been removed thither from this Church at some time.
The chancel is of Early English work, and the threedight
lancet window in the east end is very beautiful. It is to be
hoped that the Society will give some information concerning
this window. Mr. Prior, who accompanied the Society,
pronounces it to be a very fine specimen of Early English
architecture. There is a canopied tomb in the north transept,
with floriated cross on the lid of the stone coffin ; the
ornamentation of this has been much damaged, and the
shafts of the chancel arch have suffered much from being
cut to accommodate the pews. The tower is saddleback.
In the churchyard is the base only of the churchyard cross.
The De Lacys held the manor for some time after the
Conquest, and in the reign of King John, Almain, Earl of
Gloucester, gave land here to the monks of Bruerne, near
Chipping Norton.

Land was granted in the reign of Edward III. to
Osbern d'Alitor, then parson, to enlarge his manse. The
vicarage house has entirely disappeared, though it remained
in the form of cottages until quite recently, some of the
oak work being of considerable age. The parish of East-
leach Turville seems to have been joined with Eastleach
Martin under the name of Long Turville when the abbeys
of Gloucester and Bruerne divided the parish.

The Blomer family bought the manor in Queen Elizabeth's
time. The name Blomer yet remains in Blomer's Mead,
a meadow on the bank of the Thames at Lechlade, which

120 Transactions for the Year 1899.

is still a portion of the Eastleach estate. Through this
family, by intermarriage, the manor passed on through the
Webbs to the Ponsonbys. Both parishes were at times
served by John Keble, whose signature appears often in the
Register: and whether rightly or not, his beautiful Evening
Hymn is claimed to have been composed in the Rectory
garden of Eastleach Martin. He lived at Southrop from
1823, when he permanently left Oxford, until October, 1825,
when he settled at Hursley as Curate. Among his pupils
or visitors at Southrop during this period were Robert
Wilberforce, Isaac Williams, and Hurrell Froude.

If by these few imperfect notes some members of the
Society are encouraged to spend a short time in the viewing
of our churches, the object of this paper will be accom-
plished, which is to create some interest in parishes so
unusually situated as to have two ancient churches within
one hundred yards of each other. The information with
regard to Eastleach Martin and Great Malvern is entirely
taken from Mr. Nott's book on Great Malvern.

CflAVENAGE Af/KNOR.

CROUND FLOOR PLAN
FtEre Re/vex.

REPRESENTS OAi/GINAL WORK /S/S.

C^SSl THE RICHARD STEPHENS SUPPOSED ALTERATIONS

l'-l"^*Vv&>il ?ART3 GREATLY ALTERED IF NOT REBUILT BY

RICHARD STEPHENS.
] THE MORE ACCENT ALTERATIONS.

THE PROBABLE LINES OF ORIGINAL S W WING

CHAVENAGE HOUSE.

By W. HOWARD SETH -SMITH.

We have in Chavenage House a very good example of an
Elizabethan house of its class.

Chavenage is quite free from the eccentricities of plan
so commonly found in this period. It shows the usual
developments of the fifteenth century with the great hall in
the centre, the kitchen and its offices forming a wing at one
end, generally to the north, in order to leave the more sunny
aspects for the parlour or dining-room and the family and
guests' apartments at the opposite or south end of the hall.
The main peculiarity of the Elizabethan planning is the
effort at symmetry which is the essence of classic work.
This symmetry was probably almost perfect at Chavenage
in the first instance, as will be seen by a glance at the plan
on which has been shewn the existing walls of the original
house (dated on the label termination of the porch 1567) in
solid black, the probable plan of the original house by a
dotted line, and the additions made probably by Richard
Stephens in 1684 by diagonal scoring. The unhappy
patchings of 1803 I have merely outlined.

Oftentimes this effort at symmetry resulted in the sacrifice
of convenience to dignity, but by no means always. The H
form of the plan is an admirable one. The guests' lodgings,
or sometimes estate offices, occupied the north-east wing,
and the scullery, dairy, &c, the north-west. The family
apartments were generally in the south-east range.

The hi^h-pitched gable is another distinctive feature of
the Elizabethan period, and replaces the fourteenth and
fifteenth century battlemented parapet as at Haddon Hall.
Simpler chimneys and chimney caps also take the place of
the Tudor elaboration in brickwork.

In Elizabethan days the functions of the architect were

122 Transactions for the Year 1899.

generally confined to supplying the plan and a sketch of the
elevations, and it was left to the masons, carpenters, joiners,
and plumbers to supply the details of their respective
departments; but with more general culture came the demand
for more knowledge of style and its more refined and accurate
expression, hence the evolution of the modern architect out
of his prototype the craftsman.

In Chavenage House it is very interesting to note the
local preservation of the Gothic work in the details. The
section of the window mullions and jambs is hollow, instead
of round as was so commonly the case. The labels are all
Tudor in section, but this is only what we should expect in a
rural district and in a house of modest scale.

EXTERIOR.

There can be little or no doubt that the date 1576 on
the label of the porch lintel is that of the erection of
the early Elizabethan house by Edward Stephens. The
porch doorway has been mutilated, not so many years ago,
for insertion of the modern door, and the porch windows
were also then inserted for lighting the vestibule thus
enclosed.

On a quoin-stone on the south wall of the porch and also
on the west of the house are seen the initials of Richard
Stephens, which probably mark the date of the extensive
alterations in 1684.

The Decorated two-light Gothic windows and plaque over
the doorway, as well as various other similar features about
the house of the same date, appear to have been brought by
Richard Stephens from Horsley Priory, which, having passed
by exchange into the possession of Bruton Priory in 1371
after the dissolution of that house, was granted to Sir Walter
Denniss in 1553. The many fourteenth century features
would excuse one's attributing the house at the first glance
to an earlier date, were it not for the abundant evidence of
its Elizabethan origin, which a closer view reveals and
which is confirmed by history. I am strongly of opinion that

Chavenage House. 123

Richard Stephens was responsible for the insertion of all
these relics of Horsley Priory.

Set in the Tudor-like splayed stone arch is the original
external door of the house. It is in oak, the bross-boarding
being riveted together, and the nail-heads forming an
ornamental feature externally. We notice in addition to the
lion knocker a very beautiful fourteenth century door ring
and plate of pierced iron, probably from the Priory. The
hinges too are excellent in proportion and design,— in fact
the ornamental ironwork on the old doors throughout is
one of the most delightful features of the house.

The demi-eagle displayed, which forms a graceful gable-
finial over the porch and one of the west gables, is the crest
of the Stephens family. The Renaissance plaque below it is
dated 1702, and is probably from some mural tablet from a
church. Mr. Bazeley says: "On the left of the shield is a
chevron or, perhaps part of the arms of Catherine Stephens
nee Beale."

The flat lintel to the porch door, with its lozenge ornaments
in the panels, is the only piece of original Renaissance design
to be found externally. Two small lions' heads and a crown
have been inserted under the labels of the window and
painted black.

Turning now to the south of the porch, notice the evidence
in the masonry that the three-tier window of hall, the lower
lights of which were originally of equal length, have been
lowered about two feet as was so frequently the case. This
was probably done by Richard Stephens. The reason most
likely was that the hall, later on, became less the dining than
a reception room, and a view out and more light within were
necessary.

It is interesting to speculate on what has happened on
the north wall of the original south-east wing. I believe
there was a doorway opposite that on the north-east wing,
as at Ashton Hall and elsewhere. Extensive alterations to
the staircase have undoubtedly been made; probably this
south-east wing was rebuilt by Richard Stephens.

124 Transactions for the Year 1899.

The east gable of this south-east wing would seem to
support this theory, for the positions of its windows aie
irregular and their proportion and character out of keeping
with the Elizabethan house. The south room, which so
completely violates the symmetry of the plan, is probably
part of the same alteration, and originally consisted of a
ground and first floor like the rest of the house, but has more
recently been opened up to the roof and the present ceiling
formed. The high windows on the south are mysterious,
as they are too low to have served an upper storey. I think
they were inserted when the room was heightened, probably
at the end of the last century, to prevent the upper part
being gloomy, but the want of a look-out on to the lawns led
to the insertion afterwards of the square bay-window in the
debased Gothic revival type of the end of the eighteenth
century.

Note the curious enriched caps of the chimneys, circular
on plan over a square shaft.

In the west wall of this addition is another fourteenth
century Ecclesiastical window, brought from Horsley Priory.
The head and sill are original, but much of it has been
restored.

The south-west wing is, I think, also part of the alterations
made by Richard Stephens in 1684 : the rose-moulded chimney
cap again appears, and the even-jointed coping of the gables
favours this view. It is, moreover, corroborated by the internal
details. The poor bay-window is of course an insertion of
the same date as that to the south addition.

The central chimney-stack was originally like the others,
but has been spoilt by being rebuilt square.

On the north elevation all is original excepting the large
external chimney-stack, probably added when the accom-
modation of the original kitchen was found insufficient, and
the larger apartment in the north-east wing was devoted to
this purpose.

The upper two-light window next this chimney-stack was
doubtless once a three-light, corresponding to that to the

Chavenage House. 125

west of the gable. Its hood-moulding has been cut to build
up the chimney-stack, and the quaintly cusped heads to its
lights are of a later date than the original house.

The destruction of the early symmetrical plan has
happened also on this side of the house by the building
out of a room, which appears to be an addition of Richard
Stephens' time.

There are no windows in the north-east gable, nor any
signs of any having previously existed. We might, pretty
safely infer that the original south-east gable matched it in
this respect.

We notice particularly that there are no rain-water pipes,
which with their ornamental cast lead heads generally form
such beautiful features in Elizabethan houses. They were
probably removed when the present box gutters were formed
to carry the rain water (so precious on the top of the
Cotswold Hills, where the wells have to be snnk hundreds of
feet) to the storage tank ; unfortunately these gutters now
cross the gables in the most damaging manner.

The interior has been even more altered than the exterior :
but if it has lost something in beauty, it is all the more
interesting to endeavour to trace the changes which have
taken place. To the right as one enters were originally the
butteries, and to the left as usual comes the hall ; the former
have been much altered, but the latter comparatively little.
In the fine hall the panelling is of the Elizabethan period,
but it has been cut away to form a door into Richard
Stephens's south-west wing, and also to insert the later
Jacobean screens. The parts so removed one will hud
somewhat carelessly fitted round the entrance passage.
Mr. Bazeley thinks the screens and minstrel gallery belong
to Col. Stephens's time, but they appear to me to have been
in ide up later of odd pieces of old work, and never to have
been designed as a whole for their position. There is no
record when this was done, but I incline to think within the
present century. 1 am informed that the tapestry and much
of the glass now in the hall windows were found by the last

126 Transactions for the Year 1899.

owner, Major Chaplin, stowed away in boxes in the attics ;
some of the glass probably came from the priory, as it is
earlier than the house.

The chimney-piece in the hall and that in the drawing-
room are extremely fine examples of their style, and would
alone make the house well worthy of a visit. They are later
than Elizabeth's reign, and were probably added by Col.
Stephens. That in the hall bears the Fowler arms, quarterly
azure and or on the first quarter a hawk's lure a and line of the
second. The one now in the drawing-room doubtless once
occupied the original room of the south-east wing ; it is of
the same height as that storey.

The arms of the Stephenses appear in various places ;
they are per chevron azure and argent in chief, two falcons rising,
and their crest a demi-eagle displayed.

The coved ceiling of the minstrel gallery is beautifully
panelled, as was the hall itself, in all probability, in its
earliest days.

We now enter the original dining-room, the panelling
of which is dated 1627. This was probably done at the
same time as the chimney-pieces were erected. The
room has suffered less change than any other on the
ground floor : note especially its chimney-piece, which
must have been brought from elsewhere, as it is distinctly
Tudor in style, and very fine indeed ; its panelled over-
mantel is still older, and may have been brought from the
Priory. The inner jambs and lintel, which give it a heavy
appearance, are obviously late additions to accommodate
the modern register grate. Possibly no staircase existed in
the original south-east wing, that at the end of the screen
serving for family and guests to gain access to the upper
floors.

Upstairs, we note the woodwork and other details on the
south-east and south-west wings, corresponding in date
(late seventeenth century) with Richard Stephens's alterations;
also the plaster-vaulted priest's cell over the porch, with its
carved cornice and armoured door between it and the bed-

Chavenage House. 127

room adjoining. There is another fine chimney-piece in
Sir Philip Sydney's room.

The chapel I believe to have been built by Richard ; if so,
this will go far to explain the curious assemblage of odds and
ends probably brought from the Priory, and built in or
perched in all sorts of odd positions in the tower and
elsewhere.

Persons residing in the neighbourhood recollect the west
door under the tower being used by the public, the south
porch giving access to the family seats which were
immediatelv within it.

NOTES ON CHAVENAGE AND THE
STEPHENS FAMILY.

By the Rev. W. H. SILVESTER DAVIES, M.A.,
Vicar of Horsley.

The interesting manor house of Chavenage was built in the
reign of Elizabeth, in the year 1576, by Edward Stephens, a
member, Debrett says, of a " very ancient and honourable
Gloucestershire family" who then owned the manor. We
find his initials and those of Joan, his wife, as well as the
above date, on the labels of the hood-moulding on either side
of the principal door.

Edward Stephens, who was also lord of the manors of
Eastington and Alkerton, would seem to have been very fond
of building, for he is said to have built the manor house at
Eastington in 1578, i.e. only two years afterwards. A plate
of the house at Eastington appears in Fosbroke's Gloucester-
shire. It was burnt down in the last century, and levelled to
the ground in 1778, and the materials dispersed and sold.
In this fire most of the family papers were destroyed. I
must mention that there is a tradition among the descendants
of the Stephens family that Chavenage was built by Queen
Elizabeth's favourite, the Earl of Essex, to receive his royal
mistress in on one of her progresses. I venture to think,
however, that this can hardly have been the case, as,
independently of the testimony of the initials above stated,
there is no evidence of Essex ever having owned this
property. Possibly he may have persuaded Edward Stephens
to build the house with a view to entertaining the Queen,
but so far as I can gather Elizabeth never came here. Had
she done so, we may be sure that in a house where so many
rooms are associated with notable people the room occupied
by her would be identified. The Lord Essex whose name
appears on one of the doors upstairs was probably the

Notes on Chavenage and the Stephens Family. 129

parliamentary general of that name, and not the " noble
traytour," Elizabeth's favourite.

While on this subject it may be well to state that the
names of the distinguished persons on the doors of some of
the rooms, e.g. Sir Philip Sidney, Lord Leicester, Oliver
Cromwell, General Ireton, Queen Anne, and others, have
been placed there in recent times. Oliver Cromwell never
was at Chavenage. A picture of him used to hang in the
room which now bears his name, but the room itself was
formerly called the " tapestry room." Queen Anne, too, so
far as is known, never honoured Chavenage with her presence,
but the beautifully carved bedstead and coverlet in the room
called after her were given by the queen to her physician,
Sir Edward Hannes, whose wife was descended from the
Stephens family.

Chavenage was part of the manor of Horsley, which
belonged to the priory of Bruton in Somersetshire. There
was a cell of this monastery at Horsley, on the south side of
the parish church, but of which there are now no remains
above ground. It seems to have been a very small foundation,
and long before the dissolution of monasteries was without
prior or brethren. The manor, however, remained in the
possession of the priory of Bruton until the great religious
upheaval in the reign of Henry VIII., when it was granted in
1542 to Sir Thomas Seymour, and on his attainder to Sir
Walter Denys, of Dyrham, in this county, in 1553, whose son,
Richard, sold it to the Stephenses.

This family claimed descent from one Fitz Stephen,
the captain of the vessel which brought William the Norman
to our shores. His son was captain of the " White Ship " in
which the children of Henry I. were drowned.

In the reign of Henry II., Ralph Fitz Stephen and his
brother William were joint high sheriffs of Gloucestershire
for four years, beginning in 1 171 , and William Fitz Stephen
was high sheriff in 1175, "and so continued thirteen years
together." 1

1 Rudder's Gloucestershire.

10
Vol. XXII.

130 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Another Fitz Stephen, Robert, perhaps a brother of the
foregoing, accompanied Strongbow in his invasion of Ireland
in 1172.

The pedigree, however, is imperfect until we come to
Henry Stephens, in the 16th century, variously described as
of Frocester1 and of Eastington.2

He married Alice, the daughter and co-heiress of Edward
Lugg, of Lugwardine in Herefordshire, and had issue Edward
Stephens, who bought the manors of Eastington, Alkerton,
and Horsley, and, as already stated, built houses at the
first and last-named places, in 1578 and 1576 respectively.

He married Joan, the daughter and heiress of Richard (or
Edward) :i Fowler of Stonehouse. Her arms (quarterly azure
and or, on the first quarter a hawk's lure and line of the second)
may be seen on the mantelpiece of the hall.

Edward Stephens, who died 22nd October, 1587, had,
besides several daughters, three sons : Richard, lord of the
manors of Eastington, Alkerton, Fretherne, and Horsley ;
James, a clothier of Eastington, and Thomas, of the Middle
Temple. Thomas, who was attorney general to Prince Henry
and Prince Charles, purchased the manor of Lypiatt in 1610
of John Throckmorton, and, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter
and co-heiress of John Stone of London, became the ancestor
of the Stephenses of Sodbury, Lypiatt, and Cherington.
Lypiatt, now the property of Sir John Dorington, Bart., M.P.,
remained in the Stephens family for five generations, and the
tombs of many of them are in Stroud parish church and
churchyard.

But to return to Richard, the eldest son of Edward
Stephens. By his wife Margaret, daughter of Edward
St. Loe, of Kington, Wiltshire, he had, besides other issue,
Nathaniel, the member of the Stephens family around whom
so much of the historical or (shall I say ?) legendary interest
of Chavenage is gathered.

This Nathaniel Stephens was born in 1589, and was ten
years old at the death of his father. He was M.P. for
1 Fosbroke. - Rudder. :1 Rudder.

Notes on Chavenage and the Stephens Family. 131

Gloucestershire in 1628-9, an(f from 1640-48, and on the
outbreak of the civil war zealously espoused the cause of
the Parliament, and used all his local influence on that side,
raising a regiment of horse, of which he was colonel.

It has been said that the families of Cromwell and Ireton,
his son-in-law, were related by marriage to the Stephens
family, but I have not been able to discover that this was so,
at least until some time after the Restoration, when a Hester
Stephens, of the Lypiatt branch of the family, married a first
cousin once-removed of the Lord Protector.

The late Rev. R. W. Huntley, of Boxvvell, published in
1845 a poem called Chavenage, in which he describes Colonel
Stephens as giving a reluctant consent to the execution of
the King. As many of the members of our Society may not
have seen the poem, I will give a brief outline of the story as
narrated by Mr. Huntley in the preface to his work.

It happened that Colonel Stephens was keeping Christmas,
1648, at Chavenage, and in the midst of the festivity Ireton
arrived at the house to press his instant attendance in
Parliament to support by his vote and influence the intended
measures against the King. His sister is said to have urged
him to withhold his consent, and to have foretold the extinc-
tion of his line, should he become implicated in the murder
of Charles.

Ireton, seconded by Robert Stephens, the colonel's brother,
spent the night in entreating him to comply; and at length,
though Nathaniel's feelings were in accordance with his
sister's arguments, he allowed himself to be overruled, and,
giving a reluctant assent, departed with Ireton.

In the following May he was seized with a lingering sick-
ness, of which he died in the very year of the restoration of
Charles II., 1660, after expressing his regret for having
participated in the King's death.

Thus far circumstances have the semblance of fact ; but
upon these a legendary tale has been founded.

When all the relatives had assembled for the funeral, and
their several well-known equipages were crowding the court-

132 Transactions for the Year 1899.

yard, the household were surprised to observe that another
coach, most splendidly ornamented and drawn by black
horses, was approaching the door with great solemnity.
When it arrived, the shade of the Colonel clad in his shroud
glided into the carriage, and the door instantly closing upon
him the coach rapidly withdrew from the house, not, how-
ever, with such speed but that there was time to perceive
that the driver was a beheaded man arrayed in royal vest-
ments, with the Garter upon his leg, and the Star of that
illustrious Order upon his breast. No sooner had the coach
arrived at the gateway of the manor court than the whole
appearance vanished in flames of fire.

As to the latter part of the story I shall say nothing. Of
course Chavenage must have its ghost, like every house laying
claim to a respectable antiquity. And certainly it is far
better that the ghost should drive away in a carriage and
pair than roam about the rooms and passages of the house.

But the historical, or what purports to be the historical,
part of the story rests on too slender a foundation to be
accepted without question. For I am bound to say that
there seems no evidence to show that Nathaniel Stephens
had any share in the King's death ; indeed, the evidence
points rather the other way.

In the first place, we find him, in a speech delivered by
him in his place in Parliament only a few months before,
speaking of the decapitation of the king as " a strange cuer.''
He says: " Some speake of a strange cuer: they would cutt
of the heade to save the body ; but as that is impossible in the
naturall body, so it is unlikely in the politicke body."

Again, in a book published in 1660 — the year of the
Restoration — called England's Black Tribtmall giving an
account of the King's trial, Stephens' name does not
appear on the list of the members of the court that tried him,
nor amongst those who were present when sentence was
passed.

Further, we find that his eldest surviving son married in
1654 a daughter of Sir Hugh Cholmondeley, of Whitby Hall,

Notes on Chavenage and the Stephens Family. 133

Knight and Baronet, M.P. for Scarborough, who was a
staunch royalist.

Sir Hugh had, at first, espoused the cause of the
Parliament, but, once convinced that the principles of the
Reformation were in no danger, he returned to his allegiance
to the King, was made governor of Scarborough, and held the
castle for more than a year against the parliamentary forces,
his wife attending to the wounded. In 1645, through want
of ammunition, he surrendered on most honourable terms and
went into exile till 1649, when his brother, Lord Cholmon-
deley, of Vale Royal, in Cheshire, interceded with the " rulers
of the kingless kingdom " and he was restored to his forfeited
estates. In June, 1654, Sir Hugh and his lady went to
London— no inconsiderable journey in those days— to attend
the wedding of their daughter Anne with Richard, the eldest
son of Nathaniel Stephens.

It is almost inconceivable that one who had earned for
himself the name of "the heroic cavalier" should have
sanctioned by his presence such a union, at a time, too,
when political feeling ran so high, had Nathaniel Stephens
been a regicide !

I am inclined, then, to think that there is grave reason to
doubt the historical accuracy of Mr. Huntley's poem, and that
if, as has been said, Ireton ever was despatched " to whet
the colonel's almost blunted purpose," he returned to London
after a fruitless journey.

Nathaniel Stephens married Catherine, daughter of Robert
Beale, of Priors Marston, Warwickshire, " clerke of the
councele to Queen Elizabeth "—her arms, sable, on a chevron,
between three griffins heads erased argent, three estoiles gnles, are on
the mantelpiece in the hall which was probably erected by
her husband.

They had a numerous family — Henry, who predeceased
his father and was unmarried ; Richard, who succeeded to
the family estates; Robert, a sergeant-at-law, who died
unmarried; and several daughters, one of whom, Abigail,
married, as his second wife, Sir Edward Harley, of Brampton

134 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Bryan, Herefordshire, and was the mother of Queen Anne's
minister, Robert Harley, first Earl of Oxford, whose room is
still to be seen at Chavenage.

Nathaniel Stephens' eldest surviving son, Richard, as
already stated, married Anne, eldest daughter of Sir Hugh
Cholmondeley, of Whitby, in July, 1654, and died in 1678,
aged 58, leaving a large family.

He was succeeded by his eldest son Nathaniel, High
Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1698, who married Elizabeth,
daughter of Sir Francis Pemberton, Lord Chief Justice of
England, and died in 1732.

Nathaniel Stephens left a numerous family and was suc-
ceeded by three of his sons in succession, none of whom left
any issue: Richard, who died in 1775; Robert, Rector of
Eastington ; and Henry, who married Ann, daughter of the
Rev. Richard Huntley, Rector of Boxwell, Gloucestershire.

Henry, the last of the Stephens family in the direct male
line, died at Chavenage, 25th January, 1795, and was buried
in Eastington Church, where there is a mural monument
erected by his widow.

He left his possessions, after his widow's death, to the
descendants of his aunt, Elizabeth Packer, a daughter of
Richard Stephens and Anne Cholmondeley.

Elizabeth Packer had married her cousin, John Packer of
Shellingford Manor, Berks, whose mother was a Stephens,
and their only daughter, Anne, married Sir Edward Hannes,
of Westminster.

The sole issue of this marriage, Temperance, a ward in
Chancery, eloped with John Willis, of Redlinglield Hall, Eye,
Suffolk. This escapade gave rise to a remarkable legal
decision, for the Chancellor held that he could not punish
the gentleman because, as he rode behind his fiancee and on
her horse, she eloped with him, and not he with her!

Their only surviving son Henry, who first entered the
Royal Navy, but was afterwards ordained, and became
Rector of Little Sodbury and Vicar of Wapley, Gloucester-
shire, married Jane, daughter of Richard Lubbock, of North

Notes on Chavenage and the Stephens Family. 135

Walsham, Norfolk. They had a numerous family, and their
son, Henry Hannes Willis, inherited Chavenage on the
death of Henry Stephens' widow in 1801. In accordance
with the provisions of his cousin's will he had to drop his
own name and arms, and adopt those of Stephens only. He
became a monk and died at La Trappe, Normandy, in 1822,
making the children of his sister, Mrs. Richmond Shute, his
hoirs. The manor went first to his nephew, Henry Richmond
Shute, who died unmarried in the following year, and then to
his niece, Alice Elizabeth Shute, who married the Rev.
Maurice Fitz Gerald Townshend, J. P. and D.L., of Castle
Townshend, co. Cork, and Vicar of Thornbury, in Glouces-
tershire. Mr. Townshend took the name and arms of
Stephens by Royal License, 30th December, 1826. They
had issue a son, Henry John, and two daughters. Chavenage,
however, passed into the hands of Mr. Holford, of Weston
Birt, and was sold by him in 1891 to Captain Lowsley
Williams, its present owner, by whose courtesy our Society
was lately enabled to visit it.

Until 1869, the house was full of the old furniture,
tapestries, pictures, and china, with other valuable relics and
curiosities, but a deplorable sale in that year scattered most
of these memorials of bygone times.

One may be allowed to be thankful that, if the manor
was to pass from the possession of the family which were its
owners for some three hundred years, it should have for its
present owner one who thoroughly appreciates the historical
memories which cluster round the old house. I cannot
finish this short and imperfect account of Chavenage and the
Stephens family without expressing my grateful thanks to
Mrs. Pierrepont Mundy for her kindness in furnishing me
with many particulars about her family and the home of her
childhood.

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HERALDRY OF THE DIFFERENT CHURCHES, &c,

VISITED BY THE

GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

DURING THEIR VISIT TO FAIRFORD,

AUGUST gTH to iith, 1899.

By F. WERE.

AMPNEY CRUCIS.

N. Transept : " Or three fusiis (may be lozenges) in fess
gules," Bakeley Freeman (generally " Az. & or.") Impaling
"Azure a chevron between three suns or," Hinson.

Query panels of a tomb let into wall : Quarterly, 1 and 4,
*' (Azure) a lion rampant within an orle of roses (or)."
Bowen, Oxfordshire. 2 and 3, " ? (Gules) three Bowen's knots.
2 and 1 ? (Argent) " : query Ap Owen. (Bowen has a chevron
between ; Evan ap Owen of Pentre Evan, early 15th century,
took the name of Bowen.)

" ? (Gules) a chevron ermine between three pheons ? (or.),"
A mold.

Quarterly, 1 and 4, " quarterly (or. & az.) four roebucks
statant (counterchanged)," Lloyd. (Atkyns says Floid and
gives wrong coat.) 2 & 3, " (Argent) a quiver (gules) banded
and filled with arrows or., feathered of the 1st between
three pheons (sable)," Lloyd (query Lloyde ap Gronow) :
dimidiated with Bowen above : impaling tierce —

1. — "Per pale (azure & gules) three lions rampant
(argent)," Herbert (borne by several families, Vaughan
amongst them). 2.— Quarterly. 1st, "(Sable) three boys'
heads couped at the shoulders (argent, may be proper) each
wreathed about his neck with a snake ? (proper)," Vaughan.

Heraldry of the Different Churches, etc. 139

2nd, " (Sable) a chevron between three spearheads (argent)
embrued (gules)," ? Wathins. 3rd, " ? (Azure) three cocks
2 & 1 (argent) armed, jelloped and crested, (or.),'' UckdryJ.
4th, "? (Argent) a lion rampant (sable)," Vaughan, may be
Morgan. 3. — As Arnold above. Crest, partially defaced:
Stag's head erased (Glos. Vis. "or.," Fairbairn "sable")
charged with a crescent (Glos. Vis. ermines, Fairbairn
ermine), Lloyd. On helmet above, query Dragon's head
erased, Watkins. (Glos. Vis., 105, George Looyde of Holley
Koode Ampney = Ann, d. of Richard YVatkin al's Vaghan.)

S. Transept: 1. — "Gules three query pitchforks, one in
pale, two in saltire, points upward argent enfiled with a
coronet in fess ?or., on a wreath (torse)." M. says Swithini
Adee, 1729 (this crest-like charge is not Adey, which is " Arg.
on a bend az. three leopards' faces or.," the nearest crest
I can find is Webb), impaling " Argent on a bend sable three
leg harnesses (legs couped at thigh and erased at ankle)
of the 1st," Blagrave. 2. — Blagrave impaling ? Adee (the
crest-like charge looks more modern, but I cannot find the
alliances).

Mural panels : " (Argent) on a bend (gules) between
two birds ?(Cornish Choughs) may be Plovers (proper) six
gouttes (d'eau) a chief chequy (sa. & arg. or or.)," Pleydell.

MR. CRIPPS' DRAWING ROOM.

Pleydell, quartering (Gules) a lion rampant (or.) between
four crosses patty (vair), Reason. (William Pleydell ob.
i556 = Agnes d: & coheiress of John Reason of Corfe Castle.)
Pleydell, impaling " ? (Per chevron arg. & sa.) three elephants'
heads erased 2 & 1 (counterchanged)," Saunders. (Robert
Pleydell of Holy Rood Ampney = Susan, d. of Edward
Saunders of Brixworth, Northamptonshire.)

MEYSEY HAMPTON CHURCH.

S. Transept : M. 1. — "(Azure) three covered cups 2 & 1
(or.), Jcnncr (without swords). 2. — Quarterly, 1 & 4,

140 Transactions for the Year 1899.

" ? (Argent) a bend countercompony (may be chequy) or. &
gules," Vaux. 2 and 3, " ? (Sable or Azure) a Pelican in piety
? (arg. or or.)," PLyndc. Crest : Eagle's head erased sable
collared and studded or., Hodie et non eras. 3. — Quarterly,
1st, "Sable three bends engrailed argent a canton or.,"
Horton. 2nd, "(Argent) a bend (sable) a label of three
(gules)," St. Lo. 3rd, "(Gules) a fess chequy (or. & azure),"
Whittington. 4th, " ? Sable (semy of crosses croslet) a lion ram-
pant (argent)," Hauteville (for quarterings, see Glazebrooke's
Worcester Heraldry, page 300).

"Argent on bend gules between three ogresses 2 & 1, as
many swans close proper," Clarke. Crest, Swan.

Glass exhibited in Croft's Hall, Fairford : Quarterly,
1 and 4, " Argent on a bend sable three bulls' heads couped
of the 1st," Heton, Bishop of Ely. 2 and 3, "Argent a Moor's
head wreathed between three fleurs de lys sable ; a cinque-
foil pierced for difference of the last," Move.

FAIRFORD CHURCH.

S. Aisle : " Argent an anchor between two dolphins
haurient respecting each other, all proper," Alexander
Ctlsion, 1775.

" Argent three crosses croslet 2 & 1 sable on a chief gules
a lion passant guardant ? or.," Redy. (Sarah = 1st, Thomas
Townsend of Sudely ; 2nd, Alexander Redy, 1731.)

Chancel. S.E. : " Or in dexter chief an escallop sable
between two bendlets gules," Tracy. Impaling "Argent a
chevron between three escallops sable," Lyttlcton. Above
Viscount's coronet. Robert T. = Bridget L. E.: "Gules
on a fess argent three lions passant guardant ? purpure,"
Oldisworth. Crest: Lion sejant guardant (gules) resting
dexter paw (Fairbairn) on carved shield (Glos. Vis.) on
scroll or.

Oldisv'orth, impaling " Argent on a fess between two>
chevrons sable three long crosses croslet? or.,*' Austin.
(I cannot find this alliance.) On lozenge, Oldisworth, 1680..

Heraldy of the Different Churches, etc. 141

Tomb Brasses : " (Argent) a dragon segreant (vert) com-
batant a lion rampant (azure) crowned (gules)," Tame :
impaling " (Argent) a chevron between three lapwings
close (sable)," Twyniho. (Lines are not correct, only
shadings.)

N. Aisle. E. : "(Argent) two lions passant with double
queues in pale (gules) armed and langued (azure)," Lygon :
impaling quarterly: 1st, ". . . a bend engr. between
three leopards' faces jessant de lys 1 & 2 . . . ," Dennis.
(This coat is nearly everywhere blazoned false, and it seems
to me to have arisen owing to misreading " Arg. and az." ;
Glos. Vis., page 49, says: "Gu. a bend engr. az. between
two leopards' faces jessant de lis or." Atkyns. " Gu. a bend
engr. az. between three leopards' faces 2 & 1 or. jessant
de lys of the 2nd," but I have plates of Gloucestershire
coats, 1792, where it is " Gu. a bend engr. arg. between
three leopards' faces jessant de lys 2 & 1 or." ; this I believe
to be right, but it differs from the Fairford one in that the
faces are 2 and 1.) 2nd, "(Argent) a raven within bordure
(sable) roundelly (bezanty)," Corbett. 3rd, " (Argent) on a
chief (gules) three roundles (bezants)," Russell. 4th,
" Lozengy (or. & azure) a chevron (gules)," Gorges. (William
Dennis = Margaret Corbett. Sir Gilbert Dennis = Margaret
Russell. Sir Theobald Russell = Eleanor Gorges. Glos.
Vis., 51 William Lygon -= Eleanor Dennis.) Crest: Lion
as in arms (this is quite different from the usual Lygon crest).

Brass : Dexter defaced impaling " (Sable) on a cross
engrailed (or.) five roundles (ogresses)," Grevill, 1534. (Glos.
Vis., 260, query Thomas Tame = Jane, 2nd daughter of
. . . Grevill.)

Brass against wall : 1. — Tame with crescent for difference
impaling Grevill as above. (Sir Edmond Tame, knt. = ist,
Agnes, d. of Sir Edvvd. Grevell); 2nd, Elizabeth Tyringham.)
2. — Tame impaling " (Azure) a saltire engrailed (argent),"
Tyringham.

S.E. Churchyard Tombs: Quarterly, 1 and 4, " (Argent)

142 Transactions for the Year 1899.

a griffin segreant (sable)," Morgan. 2 and 3, " (Gules) a fess
vair between three unicorns' heads couped (or.)," Bigland,
Savory. Crest : Reindeer's head couped (or.).

LECHLADE CHURCH.

S.E. M. Central Sheld : Quarterly, 1 and 4, " Argent a
chevron between three cocks' heads erased gules," Coxeter.
2 and 3, " ? Sable two bars & in chief three crosses patty or,

a label of 3 ? argent for difference," Bath rst. Crest : Out

of mural coronet a cock's head gules crested and jelloped or.,
1699. (George Coxeter = Mary Bathurst.)

Coxeter, impaling " Gules three swords barwise, points to
the dexter proper, pomels and hilts or. within orle of mullets
of the last, on a canton per fess argent & ? vert a lion of
England," Chute (the lion is on the argent, ought to be on
the vert). (I cannot find this alliance.)

Bathurst, impaling " Or a fess between two lions passant
gules," Cooke. (Laurence Bathurst = Susanna Cook.)

Chancel: "? Argent a (quarter - pierced) cross moline
sable between three crescents (gules)," Milward, impaling
" Argent a cross fleur de lisy at the sides between four
mullets (pierced) sable," Atkyns. Crest : Between two wings
azure a bear's paw erased sable armed or., holding a sceptre
in bend sinister of the last entwined by a sprig of oak proper.
Nee temere nee timide.

Window : " Gules a falcon volant or within an orle
? (wavy) arg," Knox, Earl of Ranfurly.

Knox, impaling "Vert a chevron argent between three
garbs or," Amyand. Moveo et propitior. (I cannot find this
alliance.)

M. : "Argent ? bend sa. between two Proses gules,"
Simons, 1769. (Query, " Arg. a bend engr. az. between two
fireballs sa," Svnions.)

Heraldry of the Different Churches, etc. 143

N. Aisle, M. : "Azure a chevron ? arg., really ermine,
between three crosses patty argent," Ainge, impaling "Or
six amulets 3, 2, 1, ? sable," Lodev (generally " Sa. & Or.").
1778, a knight's helmet. (I cannot find this alliance.)

LITTLE FARINGDON.

" Per fess argent & gules a fess engrailed per fess azure
& or between in chief a cross humetty ? ermine enclosed by
two helmets sable & in base one of the latter or.," query.

Impaling, " ? Or three crescents 2 & 1 sable on a canton
of the last a ducal coronet of the 1st," Hodges. Crest : On
wreath, five fieurs de lys conjoined barwise in front of demi
? hind salient regardant holding between forelegs an arrow,
query.

W. Window : Plantagenet Royal coat with label of
3, crowned, surrounded by garter motto, " Honi," &c.

LANGFORD CHURCH.

S. Aisle: "Gules three rams' heads couped 2 and 1 or,"
Hamevsley. Impaling "Argent a cross ermines between four
millrinds sable," Turner, 1694.

"Barry wavy of six . . . & ... on a chief a ducal
coronet between two spearheads erect" (possibly a dimidiated
coat, and the coronet intended for the crest, as) M. says
Saphina Broderwick, which is "Argent on a chief vert two
spearheads erect of the 1st embrued gules" impaling
" (Gules) two chevrons (or)," Fettyplace. (Francis Broderick
= Sophia Fettyplace.) Also Broderwick, and crest, a spear-
head (argent) embrued (gu.) out of ducal coronet. 1700-12.

Brass, Chancel: "(Or) a lion rampant (azure) on a chief
(of the last) an ostrich feather (of the 1st) between two others
(argent)," Prunes, Walter, 1619. Crest: ? Lion's gamb hold-
ing three ostrich feathers ? as in arms. Also Prunes, im-
paling Quarterly 1 and 4 Phydell, 2 and 3 Reason, sec page
139, but the crosses in Reason are azure.

J44 Transactions for the Year 1899.

" (Argent) a cross moline (sable) with crescent for differ-
ence," Copley, Impaling " Per chevron (azure) & ermine
(generally argent) in chief two falcons displayed (or),"
Stephens, 1592.

SOUTHEROP CHURCH.

Lying on S. choir window sill : " Or a chevron engrailed
gules on a chief sable, three mullets of the field" (generally
Argent). Crest : On helmet on wreath : Elephant's head couped
sable (may be proper), Thomas Kebla {Keeble), 1670.

Chancel: Quarterly, 1 and 4, "(Sable) on a bend (argent)
cotised (ermine) a rose between two annulets (gules), Conway.
2 and 3, Azure a cross of the field double voided or," Creuikere
(see Warwickshire Visitation, p. 26). Crest : On helmet on
wreath Moor's head sidefaced couped (proper) wreathed
(argent and azure).

S. Transept, E. window : ? Azure three fishes naiant
dexterways in pale argent a bend ? sable, query (without
bend Roche).

HATHEROP HOUSE AND CHURCH.

House, Porch : Quarterly, 1 and 4, " (Gules) a chevron
between three combs (argent)," Ponsonby. 2 and 3 " .
lion rampant guardant a chief engrailed." Query. (Query, a
mistake for " Sa. a lion pass, guard, arg. a chief engr. or.,"
Margetson, one of the usual quarterings of Earl of Bess-
borough). Inescutcheon: Quarterly, 1 and 4, " (Argent) three
bulls passant (sable) unguled and armed (or) 2 & 1," Ashley.
2 and 3, " (Gules) a bend engrailed between six lions rampant
(or)," Cooper. Crest : Out of a ducal coronet (or) three
arrows, points downwards, one in pale two in saltire banded
with a snake nowed, all (proper). Pro rege, lege, grege.

" (Gules) a cross between four falcons (or)," Webb. In-
escutcheon : " (Gules) on inescutcheon (argent) a lion
rampant (of the 1st) within a bordure (or)," Blomir. (Glos.
Vis. 21 gives this false, Atkyns right. Mary Blomer = 2ndly
Sir John Webb).

Heraldry of the Different Churches, etc. 145

Church, Chancel : Blower, as above. Blower, as above,
impaling. " (Sable) three lions passant in bend between two
double cotises (argent)," Browne. (I cannot find this alliance.)

On lozenge : Webb, as above, with inescutcheon, Blower
with bordure ermine, impaling Blower with bordure ermine.
(This seems to be a way of explaining the Blomer impaling
to be an heiress ; the coat ought to be Webb with ines-
cutcheon Blomer, the bordure a variety.)

Window: Webb with Baronet's escutcheon, ? Blower.
"Ora bend sa.," Mauley.

QUENINGTON CHURCH.

Nave, central passage : " (? Azure) a fess ermine between
three lions rampant ? (or) a crescent for difference," Powle.
Crest : On helmet on wreath Unicorn passant (az.) horned
and maned (or), (Rt. Hon. Henry Powle, Master of the Rolls,
1692). (Papworth says the lions passant.) " Ermine a bend
ermine," really " Ermine two bendlets gules," Ireton. (Some
say " Erm. a bend voided gu.," this may have caused the
mistake.) With inescutcheon, Powle above ; impaling,
Powle. (This seems to be the way of showing, as in Webb
above, that the impaling was an heiress.) Crest : A squirrel
sejant holding nut in forepaws, all proper. (Henry Ireton
= Catherine, d. and h. of Henry Powle. Atkyns, 322.)

N. wall: "Azure on a fess engrailed or between three
swan's heads erased argent ducally gorged ? gules as many
cinquefoils of the last," Baker, Rev. Mr. George, 1767.

COLN ST. ALWYN'S.

House, Hall : Quarterly, 1 and 4, " Vair (argent & gules)
on a canton (azure) a pile (or)," Beach. 2 and 3, " (Gules) a
fess wavy between three fleurs de lis (or), a crescent for
difference," Hicks, and Baronet's escutcheon. Crests, 1 :
Demi lion rampant (argent) ducally gorged (or) holding in
paws the canton as in the arms, Beach. 2 : Buck's head

1 1
Vol. XXII.

146 Transactions for the Year 1899.

couped (or) gorged with a wreath of ? oak (proper), Hicks.
Tout en bon heure.

Church, Chancel, brass : " Sable a chevron or between
three escallops ?(ar^J, Mitchell; impaling Hicks -Beach.

Crest: On wreath a Garb (vert.)

S.E. Tower, over door : " . . . cross . . . sur-
mounted by a crown," query de Burgh.

Tower, N. side : " A fess between three birds," query
Hobby.

BIBURY CHURCH.

" ? (Argent) a bend wavy between six cocks 3 & 3 (gules),"
Coxtvell. Impaling "(Sable) a chevron ermine between three
unicorns' heads couped (argent)," Head. (Charles Coxwell —
Eleanor Head, of Winterborn, Berks.) Crest : On esquire's
helmet on wreath a dragon's head (argent) between two
wings of the same expanded (gules). 1699.

On flat stones in nave a great many Coxwells.

"Argent crusily croslets three talbots' heads erased
sable," Hall. Cura quietem, 1824.

Chancel : " Quarterly or & gules a bend vairy (really
vair)," Sackvillc.

Quarterly, 1 and 4, " Gules on each of three plates a
squirrel sejant of the field," Crcsivcll. 2, " Argent (really
ermine) on a chief indented gules three estoiles or," Estcourt.
3, " Per fess embattled (arg. and sa. really) sable and argent
six ? crosses patty 3 & 3 counterchanged," Warneford.
Inescutcheon : "Argent a saltire (really engrailed) between
lour mullets sable," Wotton. (Richard Cresswell of Sidbury
= Elizabeth, d. and h. of Sir Thomas Estcourt, knt., of
Pinkney. Thomas Estcourt Cresswell = Anne, d. and h. of
Edmund Warneford, by Elizabeth, d. and h. of Henry
Sackville. Thomas Estcourt Cresswell the 2nd = Mary,
d. and h. Samuel Wotton, Devon.)

Heraldry of the Different Churches, etc. 147

Wameford, above, " arg. & sa." Inescutcheon, Sackville,
" bend vair."

Baker, as in Quenington, page 145.

ABLINGTON HOUSE.
Coxwell, as before.

BIBURY COURT.

(For the following I can find no reference books, so I am
indebted to G. E. C. Clarenceux, and Collins' Baronage for
making them out, but I believe them to be correct.)

Porch: Quarterly of 12. 1, "Quarterly (or & gu.) a

bend vair," Sackville. 2, " Fretty." Argent fretty ( 1 )•

De Den. (Sir Jordan Sackville = Hela, d. of Ralph de Den
and coh. to her brother Robert of Buckhurst.) 3, " Fleur de
lys." "Gules a iieur de lys argent," D'Aguillon. (Sir Jordan
Sackville, ob. 1273 — Margaret, d. and coh. Sir Robert de
Aguillon). 4, " A cross engrailed." " Argent a cross engrailed
gules," Dalingnigc (Sir Thomas Sackville = Margaret, sister
and coh. of Sir John Dalingruge) and De la Lyndc
(Margaret's great-grandfather = Joan, d. and h. of Walter
de la Lynde, who = Joan de Nevill, d. of Hugh and h. of
Philip Neville.) 5, " Lozengy " (or. and gu.) a canton
dilletty (really ermine), Neville. 6, " Three eagles displayed,"
query crowned. Arg. three eagles displayed gules (generally
crowned or.), de Courcy. (Hugh de Neville = Alice, d. and
h. de Courcy.) Impaling: 1, Hungerford. 2, Heytesbury. 3,
Hussey. 4, Peicrcl. 5, ? Cornwall. 6, Couricnay. Crests: 1,
A ram's head erased (sable) armed (or.), Sackville. 2, Out
of a ducal coronet (or.) a garb between two sickles (ppr.),

Hungerford. Above y ,, and the date, 1633. See Glos. Vis..

1623, 89. (T)homas (S)ackville al's Toots = B(arbara
Hungerford, and the date 1633.

148 Transactions for the Year 1899.

WYNCHCOMBE CHURCH.

" ? Argent a chevron between three cocks gules on a chief
sable as many spear heads of the 1st (really embrued of the
2nd)," Williams. (Vis. Glos. 1682, 202, gives this as " Sa. a
chev. between three spearheads arg. embrued at the points
on a chief of the 2nd as many cocks gu.") Impaling : " Per
pale and per chevron three martlets argent and sable, all
counterchanged," Renshaw. (No tinctures given by Burke or
Papworth ) Williams, also on flagon.

Canopy of piscina: "2 bends," query Tracy. " (Az.)
sword in pale point downwards on two keys in saltire (or.)."
See of Gloucester up to 1689 Transactions, xvii. 2, 286 and
plate. " On lozenge on saltire a cross." Query " Azure in
a quarter pierced saltire or a cross (generally patty) of the
1st," Winchcomb.

S. Aisle, E. : " Azure a fess wavy between three lions
passant or., a crescent for difference," Hawes.

" Gules on a bend between two castles or. three fusils
sable," Baylis. (I cannot find this anywhere; the Gloucester-
shire Baylis, according to a plate, 1792, bore : " Erm. a chev.
az. between in chief two trees vert & in base a lamb ? or.
resting dex. foot on a ? billet gu." This also I cannot find
elsewhere.)

(1) Defaced. ? " Argent a cross between four roses
gules seeded or.," Trotman. Impaling: l> Or. three mullets
between double tressure flory gules," query intended for
Murray. (2) Trotman, as above. Crest : Garb between two
ostrich feathers.

HAILES ABBEY.

Bosses: (1) Quarterly, 1 and 4, "(Or.) five fusils in fess
(az.)," Pennington. 2 and 3, " Barry of six (arg. & gu.) a bend

/az.\ ,, Moncastert The Rev. W. Bazeley, our Secretary,

thinks this quartered coat to be Percy, when it would be
1 and 4, " (Az.) five fusils conjoined in fess (or), Percy.

Heraldry of the Different Churches, etc. 149

2 and 3, " Barry of six or and vert a bend (gu.)," Poynings.
(2), "(Gu.) fretty (arg.)," Hodehton. (Sir W. Hodelston =
Bridget Pennington.) (3), Hodehton impaling : " (Arg.) a
lion rampant queue fourchee (sa.)," Barynton. (Sir Anthony
Hodelston = Mary Barrentyne.) (4), Quarterly, 1 and 4,
Hodehton. 2 and 3, " Barry of six (arg. & az.)," Grey.
Impaling: " (Gu.) a lion rampant (or.)," Grey. (Ferdinand
Hodelston = Jane, d. of Sir Ralph Grey, who = Isabel, d.
and coh. of Sir Thomas Grey of Northumberland.)

Quarterly, 1 and 4, "(Sa.) a lion passant guardant (or.)
between three esquires' helmets (arg.)," Compton. 2 and 3,

(Shirley, 265; Hutchins, i. 454), "(Arg.) a chevron (^^

within bordure ( J roundelly (bezanty)," Compton. (Aug-
mentation grant, Hen. VIII.) "(Az.) a chain and two hand-
cuffs chevronwise between three mitres with labels 2 and 1
(arg.)," Evesham Abbey.

PLEAS OF THE CROWN AT BRISTOL,
15 EDWARD I.

By the Rev. E. A. FULLER, M.A.
INTRODUCTION.

The following pages contain a translation of that part of

the Assize Roll for Gloucestershire at the Paschal Circuit

of the year 15 Edward I., i.e. a.d. 1287, which concerns the

Pleas of the Crown for the City of Bristol, as dealt with by

the justices, Saham and Metingham. A separate roll in the

case of Saham (No. 283), another part of the roll (No. 282)

in the case of Metingham, contains the report of the trial of

civil actions, pleas between man and man ; but what is here

printed is mainly the review by the King's justices of all

cases, which had occurred since the last similar circuit of the

justices, which appertained to what were called Pleas of the

Crown. These would be cases of death whether by murder

or by misadventure, cases of transgression against the assize

of cloth and wine, withdrawals of suit and service to the

hundred or royal manors, encroachment on the King's

highway, and attempts to levy new duties or customs by

local officials, &c. The records of the local courts of justice

and of the coroners' courts had to be produced, and the

officials of these courts had to justify their procedure therein.

Then the English system of social life, fundamentally shown

as a rule in the enrolment of every adult in some tything,1 by

which the folk of a neighbourhood were made answerable

for the good conduct of their neighbours, was extended to

their responsibility for all deaths by violence in their district,

1 There were no tythings in Bristol. (See No. 3.)

Pleas of the Crown at Bristol. 151

unless they could prove innocence, and that they themselves
had done their best to discover the murderer and arrest him.
So also with regard to their duty to arrest robbers, if the
theft took place in the daytime; again, had they fulfilled
their duty in aiding the coroner at his inquest ? Ever)' failure
or excess of duty was visited by a fine ; and in the margin
of the roll, by way of index, was in such cases entered mia,
i.e. in misericordia, i.e. in mercy, the technical phrase for a
fine for breach of duty, the amount of which was at the will
of the Crown through the justices, but which the Crown in
its mercy did not exact to the extent of ruining the defaulter.
The amount of the fine was settled in the presence of those
who would know the circumstances of folk, and the list was
entered at the end of the roll. Where special fines were
entered in the roll of fines for special offences, I have entered
the amount of such fine against the case involved. The
various offences of the borough of Bristol through its officials
were not separately assessed, but were all comprehended in
one item of assessment : " From the whole borough of
Bristol, as a fine for many transgressions, and for the trans-
gression of the twelve jurors, except Henry Horncastel,
40 marcs," ite. £ib 13s. 4d.

Of course, these fines were a source of some profit to the
Crown ; and this minute examination of the work of local
officials, and of mercantile transactions with the consequent
fines, was felt to be oppressive, so that protests were made
against it, and it became the accepted rule that there
should be an interval of at least seven years between these
Crown circuits of the Royal justices. There was a greater
chance of small transgressions being passed over, and
offenders might have had the luck to die. {See No. 44.)
For some reason this circuit was the first in the reign of
Edward 1., so that at least fifteen years had elapsed since the
previous one ; and as a case of death {see No. 2) is considered
which occurred as far back as 53 Henry III. (i26w\ there had
apparently been no such review for eighteen years. From
the Pipe Roll of 16 Edward I., it appears that the amount

152 Transactions for the Year 1899.

of the amerciaments levied by Saham and Metingham in
this circuit was for Gloucestershire ^1281 3s. 8d., and for
Bristol £115 3s. 3d., these amounts including the value of
the chattels of felons.

Another frequent judgment is entered in the margin
concerning felons who had fled, " exig' et utlag1" i.e.
" exigatuv et utlagetur" i.e. "let him be exacted, that is
summoned five successive times in the County Court, and
on non-appearance be outlawed." An outlaw had lost all
civil rights, carried a wolf's head, as was said, and might be
slain by anyone with impunity. A woman not being in any
tything could not be outlawed ; but she might be waived
{see No. 75), and left derelict, "a waif whom no man could
warrant and no prince protect." Of course, if a man was
guilty, but managed to escape, his chattels were confiscated.
Nor was an innocent man in a better plight, if through fear
he had at first fled from justice. For though he might
afterwards, on better thought, return, stand his trial, prove
his innocence and be acquitted on the charge of felony, yet
his chattels were equally confiscated because he had fled
from justice at first. {See Nos. 18 and 53.)

Another frequent marginal entry of judgment is "abjur',"
i.e. " abjuravit regnum;" that is, "has abjured the kingdom."
It was open to any criminal to take sanctuary in some church,
if he could reach it, and there in the presence of the coroner
to own his felonious act, and abjure the kingdom. There is
an instance in No. 29 of a fine upon the coroner for receiving
the abjuration in a private house which had on right of
sanctuary, and another instance in No. 26 of a fine upon
the bailiffs of Bristol for usurping the office of coroner in
receiving an abjuration. Originally, the felon could choose
his own port of departure ; but gradually the coroner assigned
a port, Dover as a rule, and there are instances in this roll,
Nos. 59 and 74, of the coroner being fined for allotting a
wrong port to the criminal. The felon, bearing a wooden
cross, with only a coat on, bareheaded and barefooted, had
to go by the most direct way to the port of departure, or he

Pleas of the Crown at Bristol. 153

ran the risk of being beheaded as an outlaw. There is an
instance of this in the roll of this circuit, under the head of
Berkeley Hundred, membr. 23 d.

" The jurors present that John the Frankeleyn killed
William de Lench in the Township of Erlingham,1 and
afterwards, at the suit of one Letitia Lench, was outlawed
in the County Court ; and afterwards returned to the country
and placed himself in the Church of Cirencester and owned
his crime before the coroner ; and after he had abjured he
went out of his way and again returned to his country, and
was pursued by the township of Erlingham, and in his flight
was beheaded. His chattels were worth 40/-, for which the
Sheriff has to answer."'

Occasionally, the ominous S appears, — that is, " sus-
pendetur," or " let him be hung." But with the opportunity
of escape by flight, or by abjuring the kingdom, there were
relatively few executed in proportion to the cases for which
death was the penalty. With regard to the review of the
action of the local courts, there are two instances of fines,
No. 66, a case where the court proceeded to hang without
making a proper inquisition, and No. 68, where the court
had a criminal hung without waiting for the arrival of a
witness called for the defence.

In the review of the coroner's rolls the judgment and
marginal entry is really, in all cases where the death was not
imputed to violence, " Infort'," i.e. " Infortunium," or
" Misfortune." It is noteworthy that there is only one
case during these eighteen years of suggested suicide, with
the verdict of felo-de-se ;2 and that was shown afterwards to
be a mistake, as suspicion attached to some person of having
killed the deceased ; No. 52. The point of difference
between those days and our own time is the practice then
and afterwards of forfeiture of the thing — whether living, as
horse, &c, or without life, as boat, cart, &c. — which was the

1 Arlingham.

2 In the Crown Roll of the Assize for 5 Hen. III., i.e. 1221, there is
only one case of suicide in the whole County of Gloucester.

154 Transactions for the Year 1899.

unconscious instrument in causing death. This forfeiture
was exacted in an irregularly assessed value of the thing
forfeited ; but this assessed value does not appear to have
been at any time necessarily the real full value of the chattel.
Thus in this roll, membr. 4, under the head of the Township
of Winchcomb, is the case of a man killed by the falling
upon him of the bell of the great bell-tower of the church,
and the value of the bell for deodand was assessed at
12 pence. This forfeit thereupon, being paid as a fine to
the Crown, was by the Crown, through the justices, given to
some pious use. It was said to be given to God, and so was
called a Deodand. There is an instance in this roll, No. 41,
of a fine inflicted on a person who had appropriated a
deodand without warrant. This system of deodands, as
fines to the Crown, continued till the era of serious railway
accidents, when it began to be felt that a fine of some part
value of a railway engine and train was not an adequate mulct
on a company through whose default, by their own insufficient
precautions, or their servants' neglect, a bad accident had
happened. Moreover, the sufferers or the relatives of those
killed were without redress. In a.d. 1841 there was a
disastrous accident near Twyford on the G.W.R. to a mixed
train, by which eight persons lost their lives, and seventeen
were severely injured. The coroner's jury returned a
verdict of "Accidental death," and assessed a deodand of
£1000, on the engine, tender and trucks, which was due to
the lord of the manor under a grant from the Crown by
James I. At last, in a.d. 1846, an Act of Parliament was
passed which did away with the old system of deodand, gave
the Crown a criminal action against a proved defaulter in
duty, and provided for the sufferers and the dependent
relatives of those killed a civil action for damages against
the company.

The untrustworthiness of trial by combat is shown
by No. 77, where on review the local court was fined for
causing a witness to prove his truthfulness by combat ; the
only person who by law had thus to prove his truth being an

Pleas of the Crown at Bristol. 155

approver — that is, an informer. In this case there was a clear
miscarriage of justice, a truthful witness being hung because
he did not conquer both of the accused in the combat.

No. 46 is a case of money clipping. The felon was
sentenced by the local court to be drawn asunder, and on
review the officials were fined because they proceeded to
have him hung.

No. 75 is a case of murder of a husband by a wife, with
the judgment of death by burning.

There is an interesting entry at the beginning of the
Gloucestershire Roll as to the presentation of Englishry.
Membr. 2 : — " The whole county records that no Englishry is
presented in that county, nor was ever wont to be presented,
but that it is altogether unknown what Englishry is, because
they had never heard it spoken of. And because it has been
found from the rolls of the preceding circuit, that is to say, the
circuit of Richard de Midelton and his companions, justices
itinerating in that county, that Englishry is presented in that
county by two on the part of the father, and by one on the
part of the mother, concerning felonies alone, and both
concerning males and females, except the children being
under seven years of age ; and it has been found by the
same rolls that Englishry was not wont to be presented in
the hundreds and townships in the western part beyond the
water of Severn, neither again in the hundred of Berkeley,
nor in the borough of Berkeley, but in the eastern part in all
hundreds, therefore the whole county is in mercy."

Midelton's Roil is not now in existence, but his death in
a.d. 1272 would make a period of fifteen years since his
circuit. It has been shown above, however, that it must
have been at least eighteen years since he went on a circuit
in the county. With regard to the claim itself, Murdrum was
the fine inflicted, after the period of the Norman Conquest,
upon the hundred or other separate liberty in which a
murder had been committed, concerning which it could not
be proved that the murdered person was an Englishman.
The fine was not abolished till 14 Edw. III., 1340.

156 Transactions for the Year 1899.

It does not appear from the roll itself what the object
of this claim of the non-presentation of Englishry thus made
was. If the non-existence of the presentation of Englishry
had been equivalent necessarily to freedom from the murder
fine, it would be easy to understand that the county wanted
to establish a right by custom to such freedom. But practice
varied much in the English counties. In his preface to the
Early Somersetshire Assize Roll, which Mr. C. E. Chadwick
Healy, Q.C., edited, he gave some specimens of these varia-
tions as recorded by the counties. Thus, Yorkshire: "No
Englishry presented in this county, therefore no murder fine."
Warwickshire : " Be it known that in this county Englishry
is not presented, therefore there is no murder fine." Lincoln-
shire : " No Englishry is presented in this county ; yea,
the whole county says that if anyone is found slain it is
murder."

In respect to Gloucestershire, in the Picas of the Crown
for Gloucestershire in 5 Hen. III., 1221, edited by Mr. F. W.
Maitland, it is said, with regard to a case of death by violence,
f. 98 : " The county records that beyond the course of the
water of Severn, as long as the county of Gloucester endures,
there is no murder reckoned ; therefore there is nothing (no
fine) in this case." And Mr. Chadwick Healy quotes from
the same assize roll for Gloucestershire, under the head of
Westbury Hundred : " In that hundred there is no murder
fine, because it is beyond Severn;" and in the case of a
death by violence, " No murder fine, because it is beyond
Severn." It might have seemed therefore, apart from the
detailed evidence of this roll, that the idea of the county was
to claim the extension over the whole county of this relief
from the murder fine which existed beyond the Severn ; and
that they hoped the eighteen years which had elapsed since
the last circuit might avail to make this claim pass current
without further enquiry. But the evidence of the cases
recorded in this roll shows that the entry Nulla Englischeria
did not carry with it the exemption of the hundred from the
murder fine. On membr. 20, in the Hundred of Westbury,

Pleas of the Crown at Bristol. 157

occurs a case of violent death at Brydewode,1 with the entry,
"No Englishry ; judgment, murder upon the hundred;"
and on the same membrane is a case of violent death at
Minsterworth, in the same phrase, "No Englishry; judg-
ment, murder upon the hundred ; " and on membr. 22, a
similar entry about a violent death at Dymok, in Bottelaw
Hundred. The Hundred of Berkeley is declared, as above,
to be under the same rule of the non-existence of the
presentation of Englishry ; but entries in the roll, membr.
23 d. and 25 d., show there equally " No Englishry," followed
by "judgment, murder," either upon the hundred, or upon
the town as not participating with the hundred. In fact,
there is no difference in the entries of judgment for violent
death in these districts said to be under the special rule
of no presentation of Englishry, and the entries in ordinary
hundreds, such as Cirencester and Bradley. In all it is
"No Englishry; judgment, murder upon the hundred." It
does not appear, therefore, what the idea was in making
this claim.

Of course a separate liberty might, by Royal grant, have
the franchise of being quit of the murder fine, quietus de
murdvo. Thus in No. 70, " No Englishry," in the case of
a death by violence on St. Michael's Hill, is followed by
"judgment, murder upon the Borough of Bristol." Where-
upon there was produced to the justices a Royal charter
granting the borough quittance of the murder fine.

In transcribing the roll, I have numbered the cases for
facility of reference.

Assize Roll No. 284, 15 Edward I. — Gloucestershire.

Pasch.

Membr. 35. Pleas of the Crown of the borough of
Bristol, which appears by twelve men. (Their names, given
on membr. 34 d., are — Gilbert Cissor de Banes, Robert de
Monemue, John Bruselaunce, Adam de Siston, John Seynt

1 Birdwood, in Churcham parish.

158 Transactions for the Year 1899.

de , Stephen Turtle, Robert la Ware, William Dale,

Everard Fraunceys, Ralph Romeneye, Henry Horncastel,
John de Cardiff.)

These were mayors in the borough of Bristol since the
last circuit ; namely, Reginald de Panes, John Wyssey,
Symon the Clerk, and John de Lydherd, who are dead ; and
after them, Thomas de Hameldene and Everard le Franceys,
who survive,1 and Richard de Mangodesfeld, who now is
mayor and who answers.

These have been coroners since the last circuit ; that is
to say, Ergleys, John Tresour, William le Rus, who are
dead ; and Ralph le Tanur, Richard de Bercham, Roger le
Taverner, and Gilbert le Spicer, who survive and who answer.

These have been constables since the last circuit : John
de Muscegros and Bartholomew le Jofne, who are dead ; and
Hugh de Turbeville, and Peter de la Mare, who now is
(constable) and who answers.

These have been bailiffs since the last circuit ; that is to
say, Sanekyn Reveward, Ralph Beauflur, William Beauflur,
and Walter de Berham, who are dead; and Symon Adrian,
Walter Fraunceys, Henry le Waleys, Richard le Draper,
and Geoffrey Agodeshalve, who now are bailiffs and who
answer.

1. The jurors present that Richard de Clerk fell from a
bridge and was drowned. The first finder and the four who
were nearest are all dead. Misfortune. Price of the bridge
is. 6d., for which the sheriff has to answer; and because the
twelve jurors made no mention in their verdict of the pledges
of the first finder, therefore they are in mercy.

2. Richard Hyne fell off his horse into the Frome, and
was drowned, in 53 Henry III.- The first finder, &c. Mis-
fortune. Price of the horse 6s., for which the sheriff, &c.

1 According to Ricart's Calendar, the names and dates were these : —

1271. Radulphus Paldene. 1278. Johannes Lydeyarde.

1272. Johannes Wissy. I275 Thomas de Hamelesden.
1277. Symon de Bardeney. 1276. Gerardus le Fraunces.

2 12G9.

Pleas of the Crown at Bristol. 159

3. Alan Bereman and Roger Byndedevel killed William
de Mangodesfelde in 54 Henry III., and forthwith after the
deed placed themselves in the Church of St. Peter, and
owned to the deed, and abjured the kingdom, in the presence
of the coroner. They had no chattels, nor were they in a
tithing, because there are no tithings in that borough. And
because the borough of Bristol did not arrest them, therefore
it is in mercy.

4. John, the son of Robert Brid, was crushed by a certain
wall. The first finder, &c. Misfortune. Price of wall is.

5. John le Tanur, in the Church of St. John de la Rede-
clyve,1 owned himself a robber, and abjured, &c. His
chattels were worth 6d., for which the borough of Bristol
has to answer. And because the B. of B. did not arrest
him, therefore it is in mercy.

6. Alice, the wife of Peter the Crossbowman, cut the
throat of her son William and threw him into her cesspool,
and abjured, &c, in the Church of St. Peter. She had no
chattels.

7. William de Yvenck fell from a boat into the Frome,
and was drowned. The first finder, &c. Misfortune. Price
of the boat 2s. 6d. And because the twelve jurors concealed
the said deodand in their verdict, therefore they are in
mercy.

8. Walter le Cornmangere placed himself in the Church
of St. Mary de la Redeclyve, 54 Hen. III., and owned him-
self a robber, and abjured, &c. No chattels. And because
the borough of Bristol did not arrest him, therefore it is in
mercy. And the wards of Holy Trinity,- of All Saints, of
Redeclyve, of St. Owen's, and St. Mary did not come fully
to the inquest before the coroner, therefore they are in
mercy.2

1 The Hospital of St. John the Baptist in Redcliff Pit, where the
1 1 irnds' Burial Ground now is

J The present Christ Church.

:! Wo see from this entry that though the Lords of Berkeley still had
their prison in Redcliff Street [see No 24), already by 1270 Redcliff was
reckoned by the Crown to lie in the borough of Bristol.

160 Transactions for the Year 1899.

9. Richard de Credewell owned to robbery, and abjured,
&c, in the Church of St. James. His chattels were worth 5s ,
for which the B. of B. answerable. And because the B. of
B. did not, &c, therefore it is in mercy.

10. Adam Olyver killed Gilbert Pistare in the town of
Bristol, and forthwith placed himself in the Church of
St. James, and owned the fact and abjured, &c. His chattels
3s. 4d., for which the B. of B., &c. And because the ward
of Holy Trinity did not arrest him, and the matter happened
in the daytime, therefore the ward is in mercy.

11. Margery, the daughter of Alice Laceby, was crushed
by something that fell from the roof (de quodam stillicidio) in
Bristol. The first finder, &c, are dead. No one is
suspected. Misfortune. The value of what fell 8d., for
which B. of B., &c.

12. Nicholas de Weston killed Aaron the Jew and
straightway fled. Let him be exacted [i.e. summoned in the
County Court) and outlawed. No chattels. And because
the B. of B. did not arrest him, and the thing happened in
the daytime, therefore the B. of B. is in mercy.

13. Simon Pipereman killed Nicholas le Hunte and
straightway fled. Let him be summoned and outlawed. No
chattels. And because the ward of Holy Trinity did not
answer fully at the inquest before the coroner, therefore it is
in mercy.

14. Margery, the daughter of Adam le Comare, fell into
a caldron full of boiling water, and was scalded to death.
The first finder, &c, dead. No one is suspected about it.
Misfortune. Price of the caldron 6s. gd., for which B. of
B., &c.

15. John de Calne fell off his horse into the Frome and
was drowned. Misfortune. Price of the horse 6s. 8d., for
which B. of B., &c.

16. John the Fatte thrust William Wellop into a caldron
of boiling water, so that he was scalded and died at once,
lohn the Fatte fled and is suspected. Let him be summoned
and outlawed. Price of the caldron 2s., for which B. of

Pleas of the Crown at Bristol. 161

B., &c. And because the ward of Holy Trinity did not, &c,
therefore it is in mercy.
Membr. 35 dors. —

17. Philip le Kemeys killed John Gourde, and was at
once caught and hung for that deed. Chattels 10s., for which
B. of B., &c. And because the ward of All Saints put a false
value upon these chattels before the coroner, therefore it is in
mercy.

18. Juliana de Anford appealed Robert de Newent,
chaplain, concerning the death of her son John. And Robert
now comes and says that he is a clerk and ought not to make
answer to the charge here. And upon this comes the Dean
of Christianity of Bristol, and by letters patent of the Bishop
of Worcester claims him as a clerk. But that it may be
known what kind of a man is thus delivered up let the truth
of the matter be enquired into by the twelve jurors of the
B. of B., and the jurors say upon their oath that the said
Robert is not guilty of the said death. Therefore he himself
is quit of that. And let the said Juliana be committed to
gaol for false appeal. And the jurors testify that when the
said John was dead the said Juliana raised a hue against
Robert, and the said Robert in fear fled to the Church of
the Holy Trinity and kept himself there for two months,
and afterwards gave himself up to the peace. Therefore
let his chattels be confiscated for his flight. They are worth
13s. 4<J., for which B. of B., &c.

19. Thomas Brun and William Paternoster killed Robert
le Cu (Keu) and fled. Let them be summoned and outlawed.
W. P.'s chattels 4s. 4d., for which B. of B., &c. T. B. had
no chattels. But because the ward of All Saints did not
arrest them and this, &c, it is in mercy.

20. John le Lokere and Walter le Cotiler killed John
Macy by night in B. of B., and fled. Let them be summoned
and outlawed. W.C.'s chattels 5s., for which B. of B., &c.
J. the L. had no chattels.

21. John Bonsergiant, arrested on suspicion of robbery,
was taken and imprisoned by the bailiff of John de

\z
Vol. XXII.

162 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Muscegros, at that time farmer of the borough, in the
borough prison. J. B. broke prison and fled. Let him be
summoned and outlawed. The executors of John de
Muscegros have to answer for this escape, and are fined
£5 os. od. One John de Tolsede was attached for having
aided and abetted this escape, and was attached by Richard
Heued, John Beel, Elias of Pokelchurche, John the Clerk of
the Market, John Dode, and Simon the Smith, and John
Waryn. John de Tolsede does not appear, nor is he sus-
pected ; therefore they are in mercy.

22. Simon Guager and Stephen Cuclake were imprisoned
in the borough prison, and escaped, and then in St. James'
Church owned this prison-breaking, and that they were
robbers, and abjured, &c. B. of B. in mercy for this escape.
Fined ^"10 os. od.

23. Sampson, the son of Agnes de Haleweye, fell from a
boat into the Frome and was drowned. The first finder, &c,
not suspected. Misfortune. Deodand 3s. 6d., for which
B. of B., &c.

24. Roger Bat and Nicholas Bagge killed William Lof
of Taunton and fled. They are believed to be guilty. Let
them be summoned and outlawed. No chattels. And
because the ward of St. Owen did not arrest them, therefore
it is in mercy.

24. William Dikere was imprisoned on suspicion of
robbery by the bailiffs of Thomas de Berkeley, in his prison
in Redeclyve Street, and escaped. He is believed guilt}-.
Let him be summoned and outlawed. No chattels. And
because of this escape, Th. de Berkeley is in mercy. Fined

£5 os- od-

25. John Godchild, Seward of Clifton, and Nicholas de

Ras were in a boat on the Frome. Seward and Nicholas
threw John into the water and he was drowned. They fled,
and are believed to be guilty. Let them be summoned and
outlawed. No chattels. And because the ward of St. Owen
did not arrest them, and this happened by day, therefore it is
in mercy.

Pleas of the Crown at Bristol. 163

26. William Whiteheved, Peter de Tomasse, and Margaret
Maniword were imprisoned in Bristol prison, and broke
prison and killed Walter de la Haye the gaoler. Peter and
Margaret fled to St. Peter's Church, and owned and abjured,
&c. No chattels. William was at once taken and hung.
No chattels. B. of B. in mercy for the escape, and fined
£10 os. od. The jurors testify that John Dollyng and
Agnes his wile were also in prison on suspicion of robbery ;
they also escaped, and were consenting to Walter's death.
Being brought before Bartholomew le Jofne, then constable,
since dead, John de Lydechert, then mayor, since dead, and
the bailiffs, by that Court John was hung, and Agnes in full
court abjured, ccc. And because the said bailiffs assumed
the office of coroner and made the said Agnes, a burglar,
thus abjure, therefore judgment passes upon the whole
borough and the bailiffs. John's chattels 20s., for which
B. of B., &c.

27. Robert de Combe Martyn fell from a boat into the
Frome and was drowned. The first finder, &c. Misfortune.
Deodand 4s., for which B. of B., &c.

28. William Beauchamp fled to the Church of the Brethren
of Mount Carmel,1 and owned himself a robber, and abjured,
&c. No chattels. And because this happened by day, &c ,
therefore B. of B. in mercy.

Membr. 36 —

29. The jurors present that Robert, a servant of Robert
Fromund, was pursued by a man of Mynedep in the count)'
of Somerset, and for fear placed himself in the house of
William Litegrom of Bristol, which is of the tenure of the
Prior of St. John of Jerusalem in England. And he kept
himself in that house until Richard de Berkham, the coroner,
came there and caused to be summoned before him the fivi
wards of that borough. And the said Robert owned that he
had killed a man on Mynedep, and that he was a robber, and
he abjured, &c. No chattels. And because the said coroner
caused the said felon to abjure in the said place where wa

1 The House of the White Friars, where Colston Hall now is.

164 Transactions for the Year 1899.

no sanctuary, and this was plainly against the crown of the
King, therefore judgement passes upon the coroner (fined
£1 os. od.) and the whole borough.

30. William Page fell from a boat into the Avon and was
drowned. The first finder, &c, Misfortune. Deodand
6s. 8d., for which B. of B., &c.

31. Robert Berman killed Robert, the son of Mariota the
water-carrier, and fled. He is believed to be guilty. Let
him be summoned and outlawed. And because Roger the
Taverner, the coroner, did not attach the next neighbours,
therefore he is in mercy. Fined £2 os. od.

32. Lyo de Stamford, a Jew, Ryke his wife, and Covesleye
his son, Abraham Levy, and Mossy, son of Leo le Mire, killed
Juliana, daughter of William Roscelyn, in the town of
Bristol. Lyo and Ryke fled, and are believed to be guilty.
Let them be summoned and outlawed. Chattels 33s. 6d.,
for which Hereward le Boteler and Roger le Rus have to
answer. Abraham and the others were taken and hung for
that deed. Chattels 40s., for which as above. It was
afterwards found by the coroner's jury that Agnes, wife of
Reginald Wake, had appealed these men in the Bristol
Court for the death of the said Juliana her sister, but had not
prosecuted her suit beyond one court only. Therefore let
her be arrested, and let her pledges for prosecution, to wit
John, the son of Nicholas Iggelbert le Ireys, Master Ralph
le My re, and Richard le Ku, are in mercy.

33. The said Agnes had also appealed in the same court
Robert de Stafford, cutler, for aiding and abetting the same
murder. Robert did not appear, and is believed to be
guilty ; therefore let him be summoned and outlawed. No
chattels. And because the said Agnes did not &c.,(as before),
therefore her pledges, Thomas de Lyuns and William
Dunning, are in mercy. Afterwards Reginald le Rous, who
with the heir of Adam le Botiller had to answer for these
Jews' chattels, came and said that they were unjustly charged
with them, as by the King's command they had, together
with the sheriff, who was dead, arrested all the Jews in

Pleas of the Crown at Bristol. 165

Bristol, and seized their goods, and delivered them to John
le Fauconner and William Braybrok appointed to receive
such goods of the Jews, among them being the chattels of
these murderers. The jurors say that this is so ; therefore
they are quit.

34. Robert de Ferleye, a robber, had abjured in the
Church of St. Werburge. Chattels 6d., for which B. of
B., &c.

35. Robert de Sebentone, a robber, had abjured in the
Church of St. Augustine the Less. Chattels 6d., for which
B. of B„ &c.

36. Ralph Osmund fell from a boat into the Frome and
was drowned. The first finder, &c. Misfortune. Deodand
is. 4d., for which B. of B., &c.

37. John the son of Reginald the Woolbeater, a robber,
had abjured in the Church of St. Mary Redeclyve. No
chattels.

38. Peter Cof de Senyse, a companion of the great
military order (niagne milicie) of the Temple in England,
killed Robert de la Pole. Peter fled. Let him be summoned
and outlawed. Chattels 1 marc ; the master of the Temple
to answer for them.

39. Richard Bolre of Wynchelse killed David of Ker-
mardyn. Richard fled. Let him be summoned and
outlawed. No chattels. And because the B. of B. did not
arrest him, and this happened by day, therefore B. of B. in
mercy.

40. Matthew de Barton, a robber, had abjured in the
Church of All Saints. No chattels.

41. Hugh le Ennyse, wishing to oil his mill, was crushed
between the wheel and axle, so that he died at once. The
first finder appears. The four neighbours are dead. No
one is suspected. Misfortune. The value of the wheel and
axle and the running mill 6s. 8d., for which B. of B., cVc.
And because the master of St. Marc of Bristol l took the

1 St. Mark's Hospital in College Green.

166 Transactions for the Year 1899.

said deodand without warrant, therefore he is in mercy.
Fined £1.

42. John Stok fell from a boat into the Avon, and was
drowned. The first finder, &c. Misfortune. Deodand,
2S. yd. And because Walter de Warewyche had taken the
said deodand without warrant, therefore he is in mercy.

43. William de Lacy, who was imprisoned in Bristol
Castle in the time of Peter de la Mare, the constable, had
escaped, and while fleeing to the Church of St. Philip and
St. Jacob had been caught and beheaded. Therefore judg-
ment passes on the said Peter for the escape. But Peter
produced a Royal pardon. Therefore he is quit.

Membr. 36 d. —

44. Robert, the Mower of the Prior of St. James, Bristol,
killed Robert de Leye in the town of Bristol, and straightway
fled, and is believed to be guilty. Let him be summoned and
outlawed. Chattels is. 6d., for which B. of B., &c. Robert
belonged to the household of the Prior, who has him not
now to stand the justice of the court. Therefore the Prior
is in mercy. Afterwards evidence was given that the said
Prior is dead. Therefore nothing here about him being in
mercy.

45. The B. of B. is answerable for the chattels of Robert
le Boltere, Roger le Ireys, and Sely le Berman, robbers, who
have been hung. Chattels 4s.

46. William de Boys of Netlynton l was arrested for
clipping money to the value of 5d., and was put in prison
for that deed in the time of Peter de la Mare, constable of
Bristol Castle, and afterwards before the said Peter and the
bailiffs of Bristol denied the said felony, and for good or evil
put himself upon the jurors of the said town. And the
jurors said upon their oath that he was guilty. Wherefore
it was considered by the said court that the said William
should be drawn asunder {dctvaherctuv). No chattels. And
because the said constable and bailiffs proceeded to have

1 Nettleton in North Wilts.

Pleas of the Crown at Bristol. 167

him hung, therefore judgment passes upon the said Peter
and the whole borough. Afterwards Peter comes and pro-
duces a writ of our lord the King, dated June 5th, 1285,
bidding the justices on circuit not to trouble Peter about
this matter, as the King had pardoned him this his
trespass.

47. Robert Selyman killed John le Hare of Scotland, and
fled. He is believed guilty. Let him be summoned and
outlawed. Chattels £\ os. od., for which B. of B., &c. And
because the B. of B., &c, therefore it is in mercy.

48. Richard YYombestrong accused Robert Brid the elder,
Randolf his son, and Thomas the Cornishman, of assault.
They put themselves upon the jurors of Bristol, who upon
their oath declare that these men are not guilty of any
assault. Therefore they are quit. Richard is sent to prison
for false appeal, but afterwards he is pardoned.

49. The same borough has to answer for the chattels,
10s., of John le Ford, a robber, who was hung; and the
chattels, 3s. 6d., of John le Waters, a robber, who was
hung.

50. Maurice de Ingelby placed himself in the Church of
St. John de Bradeforde1 in Bristol, and owned himself a
robber, and abjured, &c. Chattels 6d. So did Humfry le
Joglur in the Church of St. Peter. Chattels 6d. For both
these B. of B., &c. So did David of Ireland in the Church
of St. Mary. No chattels.

51. Walter Blakers killed Henry Leverych and fled. He
is believed guilty. Let him be summoned and outlawed.
The jurors declare that Edith Stoker, a harlot, held Henry
while Walter killed him. She had abjured in the Church of
St. James. No chattels.

52. Eva la Fornere wilfully threw herself into the water
of Avene and was drowned. The first finder and the four
neighbours came. No one suspected. Judgment, Felo-de-se.
Chattels 6d., for which B. of B., &c. Afterwards it was
testified by the jurors that one John le Grant had lied on

1 There is nothing known about this Church, said to be in Bristol.

i68 Transactions for the Year 1899.

account of that death, and is believed guilty. Let him be
summoned and outlawed. No chattels.

53. Saphyret, the wife of Mossy of Kent, appealed in the
Court of Bristol Mabilia la Noyare for the death of her
daughter Basse, and Saphyret now does not appear nor
prosecute her appeal. Therefore let her be arrested, and
her pledges to prosecute — viz., Hake le Evesque and Samuel,
son of Samuel le Myre — are in mercy. And it is testified by
the jurors that the said Mabilia had withdrawn herself
because of the death of the said Basse, but she is not believed
to be guilty of the murder. Therefore let her return if she
will; but let her goods and chattels be confiscated, because
of her flight. 7s. 4d., for which B. of B., &c.

54. Walter the baker of Gloucester, imprisoned on
suspicion of robbery, escaped from prison, and owned and
abjured in the Church of St. James. Judgment passes upon
the B. of B. for this escape. Fined £$ os. od.

55. Simon Hok of Bristol killed Hugh Belchere and fled.
He is believed guilty. Let him be summoned and outlawed.
Chattels is., for which B. of B., &c.

56. Robert le Ware fell into a caldron of boiling water
and died. The first finder, &c. Misfortune. Deodand 8s. 2d.'
for which B. and B., &c.

57. Adam de Howille of Crokerne's Pulle killed Philip
Archer of Kerry, in Ireland, and fled. Let him be summoned
and outlawed. No chattels.

58. John de Southwyk, a robber, abjured, &c, in the
Church of St. John de Redeclyve. And because the B. of B.
did not, &c, therefore it is in mercy.

Membr. 37 —

59. William Flambord in the Church of St. Thomas
owned himself a thief and abjured, &c. Chattels 6d., for
which B. of B., &c. And because the coroner, Richard de
Bergham, gave him the port of Lyme, therefore judgment
passes upon Richard.

60. Richard Frankeleyn of Belmynton owned himself a
robber, and abjured, &c, in the Church of the Brethren of

Pleas of the Crown* at Bristol. 169

the Sack (fvatres sacci) l in the town of Bristol. No chattels.
So did Richard Gendlac in the Church of St. James.
Chattels 6d., for which B. of B., &c. So did Philip le Noble
in the Church of St. Martin.2 No chattels. So did William
the Carpenter in the Church of St. Augustine the Less. No
chattels.

61. Geoffrey le Hore in the daytime killed Richard Cake,
and fled. Let him be summoned and outlawed. No chattels.
And because the B. of B. did not, &c.

62. Milo de Webley and Matilda de Donhurst were
arrested at the suit of John South, the valet of Dame
Margery Mayn, in possession of a bench that had been stolen,
and other goods to the value 10 marcs; and at the suit of
the said John they owned the robbery. Wherefore it was
considered by the said Court (of Bristol) that the said Milo
should be hung, and that the said Matilda should abjure the
kingdom as being a woman. Their chattels Ss. 8d., for
which B. of B., &c. And because this was done contrary to
the laws and customs of the kingdom, therefore judgment
passes upon the bailiffs and the whole borough.

63. Walter the Carpenter for robbery abjured, &c, in the
Church of St. Augustine the Greater. No chattels. And
because the B. of B. did not, &c, therefore it is in mercy.

1 Tanner, Notitia, preface, page xiv., tells us that Friars of the Sac
appeared in England in ad. 1257. Their right style was Friars of the
Penance of Jesus Christ. They were more commonly called Friars of the
Sac from their habits being either shaped like a sack or made of that
coarse material called sackcloth. They seem to have had their first house
near Aldersgate, London. But their order was very shortdived here, being
put down by the Council of Lyons a d. 1307. At page v. he tells us that
in the reign of Hen. III. there were founded six houses of Friars de Sacco.
And elsewhere he says that altogether they had eight houses. Where the
house was in Bristol there is no knowledge. Dugdale gives a short
account of them vi., 1G05-1608 ; he mentions houses as existing in England
at London, Cambridge, Leicester, Lincoln, Lynn, Newcastle, Norwich,
Oxford, and Worcester, but nothing is said about any house in Bristol.

a The chapel in the outer ward of the Castle was, like Battle Abbey,
dedicated to St. Martin. Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, who founded the castle,
had shriven the Normans the night before the battle of Senlac, and had
fought in the battle.

170 Transactions for the Year 1899.

64. The B. of B. has to answer for chattels, worth 6s. 8d.f
of William Pende of Godseth, a robber.

65. Ralph the Cook of London in the Church of
St. Mary owned to robbery, and abjured, &c. So did
William Hale of Dodyngton, and Isabella his wife, in the
Church of the Friars Preachers ; and Richard of Malmesbury
in the Church of St. Philip and Jacob. Their chattels
3s. 1 id., for which B. of B., &c.

66. Richard the Hayward of Norton Malreward was
arrested with a stolen piece of blue cloth, at the suit of
Ralph Bammeswet, and was brought before the court of
Thomas de Berkeley at Radeclyve ; and being charged by
the said bailiff with robbery of the said cloth, both denied
the fact, and called to warranty Margaret, the wife of Ralph
atte Slype, who was present in the court, and entirely denied
having sold and delivered the said cloth. Wherefore the
suitors of the said court, for defect of his warranty, pro-
ceeded to have him hung without any inquisition. And
because the suitors of the said court delivered their judgment
against the law and custom of the kingdom, therefore
judgment passes upon the suitors of the said court. After-
wards the said suitors paid a fine of £2 os. od. for false
judgment by the pledges of Robert de la Stone and Nicholas
of Aperle.

67. Adam Best fell from a boat into the Avon and was
drowned. The first finder, &c. No one suspected. Mis-
fortune. Deodand 2s. 3d. B. of B.

68. Margaret, the wife of Rykon of Yate, was arrested
in the town of Bristol with a stolen ox at the suit of Thomas
Gurney, and was brought into the full court, and there called
one Walter de Smetheleye her husband to warranty about
the said ox. And the said bailiffs would not wait for
her warranty, but had her hung. Therefore judgment
passes upon the said bailiffs and the whole court. No
chattels.

69. William the Parchment-maker was crushed between
the wheel and shaft of a water-mill at Tremleye. First

Pleas of the Crown at Bristol. 171

finder, &c. No suspicion. Misfortune. Deodand 4s., for
which B. of B., &c.

70. A stranger was found slain upon St. Michael's Hill.
No one knows who killed him. The first finder comes
and is not suspected, therefore he is quit. No Englishry.
Judgment, murder upon the borough of Bristol. Thereupon
came the burgesses of Bristol and produced a charter of
the present King,1 which testifies that they are quit of
murder. Therefore nothing here of that.

71. The B. of B. has to answer for the chattels, worth 6d.,
of John Roddyng, who was hung.

72. Richard Fox of Sydemure killed William of Ameneye
and fled. He is believed guilty. Let him be summoned
and outlawed. No chattels. And because the B. of B.
did not, &c.

73. Robert Gurnard, barber, in the Church of St. Thomas
owned to robbery, and abjured, &c. Chattels is. 6d., for
which B. of B., &c.

74. William Barbe killed Luke Wall in the town of
Bristol ; and the said William forthwith placed himself in
the Church of St. Mary de la Redeclyve, acknowledged the
crime and abjured the kingdom before the coroner. No
chattels. And because Gilbert le Especar, the coroner,
allowed him the port of Portesmue, therefore judgment
passes upon him ; and because Redeclyve Street did not
arrest the said William, and the crime was committed by
daylight, therefore it is in mercy.

Membr. 37 d. —

75. Robert of Bristilton was found slain in his house in
Bristol, in the fourteenth year of the present King ; and it
is testified by the jurors that Alice de Blakeford, wife of the
said Robert, and Joan de Bannebyre killed the said Robert,
and immediately after the deed fled away. The said Alice
was afterwards caught and brought hack. She now comes,
and being asked how she would acquit herself of the said

1 Previous charters of Hen. Ill and John had contained the same
franchise.

172 Transactions for the Year 1899.

death, says that for good or evil she puts herself on the
twelve jurors of the Borough of Bristol. And the jurors
say upon their oath that she is guilty of the said death.
Therefore it was considered that she should be burnt. Her
chattels are worth 13s. 8d., of which the same borough will
answer for 4s. 8d. and Master Nicholas de Salford for 9s.
And the. said Joan de Bannebyre immediately fled and is
believed guilty. Let her be summoned and wayved. No
chattels. And it was testified by the jurors that Adam
Colle, Margery Baker, and Felicia de Lacy were, on another
occasion, impleaded for the said death. Now they come,
and being asked how they would acquit themselves of that
death, they say that elsewhere before Richard de Ripariis
and his fellow -justices for gaol delivery they had been
acquitted and let go. And since, on searching the rolls of
R. de R., &c, this was found to be so, they were quit of the
charge. And because the said Master Nicholas of Salford
took the said chattels without warrant, therefore he is in
mercy.

76. Elena, who was the wife of Adam Togod, appealed in
the Bristol Court Richard de Bercham for the death of the
said Adam her husband. She now comes and withdraws
her appeal. Therefore let her be committed to gaol, and
her pledges for prosecution — viz., David the Carpenter and
William de la Marine — are in mercy. But for the keeping
of the peace of our lord the King, let the truth of the
matter be enquired of through the jurors of the B. of B.,
who say upon their oath that Richard is not guilty.
Therefore he is quit.

77. Peter le Grey and John le Melemuth were arrested
by the bailiffs of the B. of B. on suspicion of the theft of
three measures of salt, worth 2s., which they had stolen.
Being brought into court before the said bailiffs, and being
asked how they would acquit themselves of the said robber)',
they said that they had come into possession of the said salt
well and faithfully, and they called to warranty about it one
Richard Tykys, who was present in court, and declared that

Pleas of the Crown at Bristol. 173

he had nothing to do with the said salt, and denied handing
over and delivering the said salt, and said that he never
knew anything about the said salt ; and this he offered to
defend against them by his body as the court might consider.
And the said Peter and John offered to prove their truth
against him by their bodies. Wherefore it was considered
by the same men, and by the counsel of the same court
pledges of battle were given between them ; and battle was
waged so that the said Richard conquered the said Peter,
wherefore the said Peter was hung. No chattels. And the
said Richard and the said John fought in their turn the next
day, and Richard proved recreant and was hung. His
chattels were worth 6d., for which B. of BM &c. And the
said John was taken back to prison until he should find
pledges for his faithfulness. This he refused to do, but
owned the said robbery, and was therefore hung. No
chattels. And because the said court considered that the
said Richard, who had been called to warranty by the said
John and Peter, ought to defend himself by his body, which
is contrary to the law and counsel of the kingdom, therefore
judgment passes upon the said court and bailiffs.

78. Robert the Carpenter was crushed by a log of wood,
so that he died at once. The first finder, &c. Misfortune.
And one Silvester the Carpenter was attached because being
present he did not come, and he is not suspected. And he
was attached by John, the cook of the Abbot of St.
Augustine, and Jordan1 of the malthouse ; therefore they are
in mercy.

79. Margaret the Fatte fell into a caldron of wort, and
was so scalded that she died. The first finder, &c. No
one suspected. Misfortune. Deodand 5s. 4d., for which
B. of B., &c.

80. John, the son of Richard Eversone, in the Church of

St. Leonard owned a robbery, and abjured, &c. Chattels

4s., for which B. of B., &c.

1 The name of Jordan in connection with the Abbey is noteworthy on
account of the existence of St. Jordan's Chapel in College Green, the
tradition being that he was a companion of St. Augustine.

174 Transactions for the Year 1899.

81. John of Bruges appealed Henry de Fynet, a seller of
woad, for that he, on St. Gregory's day, in the fifteenth year of
the present King,1 had after curfew come to the house of the
said John wickedly and feloniously, and had burgled it, and
had abducted Clarice the wife of the said John, and took away
his goods to the value of 40s. And that the said John2 did
this wickedly and feloniously he offers, &c. And the said
John3 comes and defends all the felony, and demands judg-
ment on his appeal, because the said John does not in his
appeal say anything about the circumstances of the place,
nor of what kind were the chattels taken away. And this
being allowed him, it was considered that as to that appeal
he may go free, and that the said John should be committed
to gaol. However, for the keeping of the King's peace, let
the truth of the matter be enquired of through the jurors
of the B. of B. And the said jurors say upon their oath that
the said Henry is not guilty ; therefore he is quit concerning
it. And the said Henry de Fynet claims, since he is acquitted
by his country, that his damages should be taxed according
to the form of the last issued statute of their present lord
the King at Westminster, and that the said John should be
kept in custody till he makes satisfaction, &c.

82. Concerning serjeanties, they say that Richard the
Taylur holds a serjeanty called La Maryne in the town of
Bristol, by the will of the present King, and that the serjeanty
is worth £\ os. od. a year.

83. Concerning encroachments, they also say that Edward
le Fraunceis4 has narrowed the King's highway near the Tower
Arras5 by a certain dyke, newly raised, 46 feet long and 6 feet
wide ; and Geoffrey de Lung has narrowed a certain common
pathway which is called Pile Lane" by two dykes ; and
brother Stephen,7 the Master of the Hospital of St. John/ has

1 March 12, 1287.

2 A mistake fcr Henry. :i Ibid.

4 Fined 6/8. 6 At the end of the city wall on Temple Back.

8 Pile Street. 1 Fined £1. 8 In Redcliff Pit.

Pleas of the Crown at Bristol. 175

made a certain encroachment by newly erecting a certain gate
where there ought to be a common passage; and John de
Portesheved ' has made an encroachment by a wall raised on
Avene Marsh six perches in length and six perches in breadth ;
and William, the Vicar of St. Augustine the Less,- has made
an encroachment on the King's highway by a certain wall
raised 20 feet in length and 14 feet in breadth ; and Simon
the Clarke, who is dead, has made an encroachment on the
water of Avene by a plantation of trees 200 feet in length
and 10 feet in breadth; and Richard Bell3 has made an
encroachment on the king's highway by a certain house
raised up 10 feet in length and 5 feet in breadth, to the injury
of the whole borough. Therefore the Sheriff is ordered to
cause to be thrown down and amended, at the cost of the
raisers, anything which by the jurors at their view should be
found to be injurious, and Edward and the others are in
mercy. Afterwards comes the said William the Vicar, and
seeks that his wall may stand, as it is not injurious, and the
jurors testify so. Therefore it is granted by the justices that
the said wall may stand, and it is rented at sixpence to the
ferm of the B. of B., &c.

Membr. 38—

84. Concerning cloth sold against the assize, they say
that Thomas de Weston, Ralph Wyneman, William de
Glastyngbyre, Richard le Draper,3 Henry de Berewyke,
Henry de Sytheston,3 Gilbert le Plumer, John Bryselaunce,
Ralph le Prude, William de Hampton, John le Ctyvare,
John le Ley, Hugh de Uphill, John de Seynde, William
Tyard, William de Powell, John de Kerdif,8 John le Clerk,
Jordan le Lung, John Tropyn, Thomas le Wolbetere, Adam
de Brinton, Robert le Bret, Roger le Taverner, Walter Pypc,
and William de Farleye have sold cloth against the assize.
Therefore they are in mercy. They are fined various sums
from 5s. to 2 marcs.

1 Fined 6 - Fined 13/4. :j Fined 6/8.

The names of these men have tli>' pen run through them in the roll
of fines, and no fine is assessed on them.

176

Transactions for the Year 1899.

85. Concerning wines sold against the assize, &c, they
say that

John Koke has sold

40 casks of wine

:. Fined 2 marcs.

Peter Otry

>> 4os-

Robert le Taverner

10 ,,

,, A- marc.

John le Clerke

20 ,,

,, 1 marc.

Henry de Berewyke

,, $ marc.

Richard le Draper

20 ,,

,, £ marc.

Richard le Roper

,, 20s.

Everard le Fraunceis

,, % marc.

William de Eston

,, 10s.

Hugh le Hunte

„ 5s-

Richard Osmund

,, 1 marc.

Henry de Sytheston

John le Cheddre

„ 5S-

John Martyn

„ 5s-

John Tovey

10 ,,

,, IOS.

John Brun

22 ,,

,, 1 marc.

Matthew le Pakkere

,, 2 marcs.

•Geoffrey Godeshalve

,, 1 marc.

William de Bruges

,, 1 marc.

Richard de Calne

„ 5S.

Peter le Fraunceis

,, 40s.

William Dale

Robert de Kilmaynam

,, £ marc.

Ralph Dunnyng

11 ,,

,, £ marc.

Nicholas Gange

,, £ marc.

Ralph Wyneman

,, 1 marc.

Simon Adrian

,, 40s.

Walter Beauflur

,, IOS.

Roger de Leycestre

12 ,,

Stephen Turtle

,, 4od.

Richard le Fraunceis

21 ,,

,, 1 marc.

William le Welric

John le Forester

1 1 ,,

Therefore they are in mercy.1

1 The names of those against whom no fines are written have the pen
run through their names on the roll of fines.

Pleas of the Crown at Bristol. 177

86. Concerning new customs levied, they say that John
Champayne, gatekeeper of Bristol Castle, takes by extortion
undue tolls; viz., from every foreign cart going out of
Lafforde's Gate id., and from every home cart ^dM where
there used not to be taken any money. And the said John
cannot deny this. Therefore he is in mercy ; and it is
forbidden him, under the forfeiture of 40s., hereafter to
make any such extortions. (No fine assessed.)

87. Concerning withdrawals of service, they say that
Geoffrey, Bishop of Worcester, owes suit to the King's
Hundred of Bristol ; that he has not appeared, and is now
six years in arrear, they know not by what warranty. The
Bishop says by his attorney that his bailiff of Henbury does
suit for him. The jury say that the Bishop is bound to
appear personally. They tax the six years in arrear at 6s.
The Sheriff is ordered to distrain the Bishop to appear in
future, and the bailiffs of B. of B. are to answer for the 6s.
of arrears; and the Bishop is in mercy for unjust with-
holding of service.1

S8. John de Aston has withheld service in the hundred
icr seven years ; so has John Giffard for six years, and also
Fulco Fitzwarin for six years. The Abbot of Kyngeswode
has withheld service due in the market of Bristol for twenty-
two years, and the Prior of Farley has withheld service in
the hundred for fifteen years. They are all in mercy, and
fined at the rate of is. a year. The Sheriff is ordered to
distrain to compel service in future, and the B. of B. to
answer for the arrears.

89. Also they say that John of Leygrave holds a tenement
of the King for 4Jd., but has not for some years made the
proper payment, only 2^d., they know not by what warrant.
The Sheriff is ordered to make him appear. John appears,
and produces his warrant. So he is quit.

1 In the roll of lines, the Bishop's name is entered, but no line is
assessed, a marginal note of "Baro" explaining the reason. He was
a Peer of the realm. There is the same note against the names of
J. Giffard and F. Fitzwarin

Vol. XXII.

178 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Gaol Delivery of the Town of Bristol.

go. Peter le Sley arrested for the death of Geoffrey, the
son of William le Hore, and Joan Beumund arrested for
stealing 40s. from the purse of Nicholas le Kuttede, come
and defend, &c, and for good or evil place themselves on
the jurors of the B. of B., who say upon their oaths that
they are guilty. Therefore let them be hung. The chattels
of the said Peter are worth is. 4d., for which the township
of Stapleton is answerable. Joan had no chattels.

91. Walter Mydewinter, Henry the son of John de Bath,
John le Coverturwrythe, Roger Mansel, Cristina the wife of
Richard le Cornwaleis, Mabel the servant of Henry de
Sitheston, Emma de Wytehulle, Juliana de la Foreste,
Alice Cosyn, Nicholas Truant, Elena his wife, Philip de
Wynton, Emma his wife, Leuina de Baa, John Cobbler,
John de London, Matilda le Holte, Sarra de Portesheved,
John the son of Martin le Pescur, and Richard Maryot, were
arrested on suspicion of robbery and other misdeeds. They
come and defend all, &c, and for good or evil place them-
selves on the jurors of the B. of B., who say on their oath
that they are not guilty. Therefore they are quit of this.

92. These remain coroners in the B. of B., namely,
Simon Adrian, John le Clerke, and John de Dene; and the
others, who formerly were coroners, were removed.

Dors.

93. Reginald de Horsefeld, chaplain, and William le
Clerke, dwelling in the Priory of St. James, were arrested for
the murder of the master of the Hospital of St. Bartholomew.
They pleaded their clergy, and the Dean of Christianity in
Bristol claimed them on behalf of the Bishop of Worcester
as Clerks. The truth of the matter being enquired into, the
jury of the B. of B. declared that they were guilty. They
were handed over to the Bishop of Worcester. Their
chattels were worth 3s. iod.

DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE CISTERCIAN
MONASTERY OF ST. MARY, KINGSWOOD,

IN THE POSSESSION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE SOCIETY.
TRANSCRIBED AND PREPARED FOR THE PRESS

By Mb V. R. PERKINS, of Wotton-under-Edge.

The documents which follow were translated by Mr. J. H.
Jeayes, of the Manuscript Department of the British Museum,
from originals now in the possession of Mr. F. F. Fox of
Yate House. The history of these original documents is
given in a letter written to Mr. V. R. Perkins of Wotton-
under-Edge, by Sir Henry Barkly, at a time when the
manuscripts were for sale at Sotheby's in 1895 : "They were
once the property of Mr. Cholmondeley of Condover as the
representative of John Smyth, and a list of them is to be
found in the fifth volume of the Historical Manuscripts
Commission. At Mr. Cholmondeley's death they were sent
up for sale ; but a few of the most ancient and interesting
had been abstracted, and Quaritch had only the forty-eight
now in the book. Quaritch asked ^40 for them. When sold
at Sotheby's in 1895 they fetched ^"45." They passed into
the possession of Mr. F. J. Mockler of Wotton-under-Edge.
Three years later they were again offered for sale, when
Mr. Perkins made a bid for them, and subsequently purchased
them for our worthy president, Mr. Fox.

They are of very great interest, as illustrating the history
of one of the less known of the large religious houses of the
Shire, for Dugdale gives but few original documents in hi
account of ] wood Abbey. We find in the grants the

whole method of the relations of a wealthy abbey with its
neighbours set before us. No gift was too great for a

180 Transactions for the Year 1899.

monastery to receive, and nothing was too small. Many
gifts of land and rents there are ; but St. Mary of Kings-
wood did not disdain to receive and record an annual gift of
a cartload of hay, or a few pence, as willingly and as carefully
as the larger gifts. To an embarrassed family, the monks
would grant a loan on the security of an estate for a term of
years, or they would buy it outright. To those who desired
a provision for their declining years, the monks would grant
a corrody or annuity for life in return for a gift of land. We
find the convent making a road at Ozleworth, and obtaining
power to make a better course for its conduit in the park of
Hawe.

We find little mention of strife and contention, and it is
clear that in the 13th century, to which period most of the
documents belong, the monastery grew and prospered with
the goodwill of its neighbours ; and as it was constantly
helped by them, no doubt it was a source of help in return.
The rolls of accounts are specially interesting, for they give
the price of almost every article of stock and plant on the
farms, and they state also the amount of stock on each farm.
Moreover, they throw a good deal of light on the life of the
convent.

The Cistercian monasteries were closely affiliated to each
other ; Kingswood Abbey had been colonised from Tintern,
and Waverley Abbey was the oldest Cistercian House in
England, so we find the Abbot frequently travelling to
Tintern, and sometimes to Waverley. Cistercians were
great sheepmasters, so we not only find frequent mention of
sale of wool of different kinds, but payment is made for
rams bought in Lindsey, showing not only that Lincolnshire
was even then famous for its sheep, but that due care was
taken in the selection of breeding stock ; moreover, it is
especially stipulated in one case that if it should be necessary
to distrain on the property of the Abbey, the sheep should
be exempt from distraint. The Cistercians were exempt
from paying tithe, but a question arose as to the period at
which the exemption began to run, and more than one of the

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 181

documents is devoted to assertions of the right of the case.
There is a payment for a palfrey for the Abbot, and also for
the Ambler who taught the colts, that so the Abbot's palfrey
should be easy and correct in its paces. We find that at
any rate at Culkerton in 1243 the common fields were
cultivated on the two-course system, and that in 1262 gold of
the weight of five shillings was valued at the sum of thirty-five
shillings and sixpence, giving a ratio of about seven to one.

Anyone who carefully studies these documents will find
that he has learned a good deal, not only about the life and
work on the estate of an abbey, but also about country life
in Gloucestershire in the 13th and 14th centuries.

The Society is indebted to its President, Mr. F. F. Fox,
for permission to publish the documents, and to Mr. V. R.
Perkins of Wotton-under-Edge for his care and labour in
transcribing them and seeing them through the press.

No. I.

To all to whom the present writing shall come Isabele de
Longocampo daughter of Henry de Mineriis greeting in the
Lord. Know ye that I have given and granted and by this
my present charter have confirmed to God and the Church
of St. Oswald of Gloucester and the canons there serving
God all my land in Culcreton which falls to me by hereditary
right for the salvation of my soul and the souls of all my
ancestors in pure and perpetual alms with all its appurte-
nances and liberties and customs namely that virgate of land
and eight acres which belong to the capital court with all
its appurtenances, and the aforesaid capital court, and that
virgate of land which William Prepositus (the steward)
held with its appurtenances, and that virgate of land which
Walter son of Henry held with its appurtenances, and that
half virgate which Richard Balle held with its appurtenances,
and the messuage which Richard Mei held with its appur-
tenances. Wherefore I will that the aforesaid canons may
have and hold the aforesaid land with all its appurtenances
from me and my heirs freely, and quietly, and honorably for

1 82 Transactions for the Year 1899.

ever free from all services and secular demands which may
exist or may possibly arise except the royal service per-
taining to such land. Moreover I the aforesaid Isabele de
Longocampo and my heirs will warrant the aforesaid land to
the aforesaid canons against all men and women. And that
this my donation and grant may remain ratified and firm in
the time to come I have fortified the present writing by the
appending of my seal.

Witnesses Ralph Musard, Henry de Estoria, Peter de
Eggeswere, Ralph de Tiene, Clement de Musardere,
Geoffrey de Langel', William de Rudmartun, and many
others.

No. II.

To all the faithful in Christ to whom the present writing
shall come William by the grace of God Prior of St. Oswald
Gloucester and the convent of the same place greeting in the
Lord. Let your university (i.e. whole body) know that we
by our common counsel and will and with the assent and
will of the venerable father the Lord Walter, Archbishop of
York, Primate of England J have sold for ^"ioo sterling and
have quit-claimed for ever, all the lands and possessions
with all appurtenances which we have held in Culkerton, to
the monks of St. Mary of Kingeswood. To have and to hold
to the said monks for ever freely quietly wholly and peaceably
by performing to the capital Lords the royal services which
we were accustomed and bound to perform for all services.
In testimony of which, both the Lord Archbishops and we
ourselves have appended our seals to this writing.

Witnesses William de Putot, sheriff of Gloucester,2 Peter
de Eggewurth, Bartholomew La Banc, William de Rud
marton, Nicholas de Culkerton, Adam de Cherleton, Roger
Baret, and many others.

Made on the 14th of the Kallends of April (19th March) in
the year of the incarnation of our Lord 1230 — (1231).

1 Walter de Gray, Bishop of Worcester Oct. 5, 1214, translated to
York 1215, died May 1, 1255.

2 Held the office, 1222 — 1228. Rudder, 51,

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 183

No. III.

Let all present and future know that I Adam de
Cherletune1 for my soul and for the soul of my father and
for the souls of all my ancestors and successors have given
and granted to God and the Church of the Blessed Mary of
Kingeswood and the monks there serving God in pure and
perpetual and free alms one virgate of land in the vill of
Cherletune, namely, that half virgate of land which Richard
de Ductune2 held from me, and that messuage and that half
virgate of land which William Cuif held from me, these two
half virgates of land thus lying scattered over the fields. In
the north field lie two half acres to the east of the aforesaid
messuage which I gave to the same monks, one acre in
Garstona,3 half an acre in the north part of the smith's
garston, half an acre at Curtenecrundle, half an acre at
Gretethorn, half an acre beyond Meddene which leads
towards the field of Beuerstone, half an acre at Seppestall,
and half an acre at Hareburne, half an acre at Hadenhulle,
two half acres at Cleihulle, one extends towards the west the
other towards the north, half an acre at Wenscerd, a fourth
part of an acre beyond Olledene, in Froggaputtesfurlang half
an acre, half an acre in Westlangfurlang, half an acre at
Brodesierd, half an acre in Buledene, a fourth part of an
acre on Olledune, half an acre in Hareburn, half an acre in
the garston of Everard on the north side, half an acre in
Ochoure, half an acre in Ochoure on the north side, half an
acre which stretches towards the land of Osbert in Ochoure,
half an acre in Gretethorne, half an acre which stretches
to Beversalevelde, half an acre beyond Meddene, half an
acre from Hevedlond on the north side, half an acre on
Stenethulle, half an acre on Curtenecrundle, half an acre in
Hareburna, half an acre at Westlandesforlanngescnd, three
parts of acre in Dichforlang, three parts of an acre towards
Buledene, in the south field half an acre, in . . . (half) an acre

1 Charlton in Tetbury. a Doughton in T etbury
3 Old English Gaerstun : a grass - enclosure, meadow.

184 Transactions for the Year 1899.

in Breri garston, half an acre at Rixwell, half an acre in
Hiwoldesdene beyond the way which goes towards Bristol,
half an acre at Blakingroue, half an acre at Langfurlang,
half an acre at Langfurlang which rises on to the carriage
way, half an acre in Puseforlang, four half acres in Dich-
forlang, the fourth part of an acre in Olledene, half an acre
in Bradstonesforlang, the fourth part of an acre on the west
side of Abbewei, half an acre in Beidunesslade, half an acre
on the eastern side of Brodesierd, half an acre in Olledune,
the fourth part of an acre stretching towards Ruccadene, the
meadow which William Cuif held and which lies at the head
of Prusteland, one acre in Brerigarstone which is rather to
the east, one acre in Riforlang which is rather to the west,
half an acre in Wuung,1 half an acre near the ... of Ductun
and then turns itself towards Prusteland, half an acre in
Langforlang, half an acre near the road at Heilmundestre,
half a capital acre at Langforlang, half an acre which goes
on to the meadow of John de Tetebire, the more southern
acre in Riseforlang, two acres on the east of Br(od)esierd.

This aforesaid messuage and this aforesaid virgate of land
I have given to the aforesaid monks in pure alms. To hold
and to have from me and my heirs with all appurtenances free
and quit of all service and all secular demands in meadows
and pastures in roads and paths and all liberties and free
customs as free and pure alms. And I and my heirs will
warrant to the said monks the land with the messuage and
all appurtenances against all men. Witnesses William
Camerarius (Chamberlain), Geoffrey de Chausi, Roger de
Almundestre, William Scai, Adam his son, Robert de
Ductun, Henry de Culkretun, John de Tetebir', William
Buteuilain, Adam Barete, Alured Barete, Nicholas de
Kingeswode, and many others.

No. IV.

Let present and future know that I Henry de Ribbeford
for the love of God and the salvation of my soul and of the
1 The Old English Wong or Wang means " a field."

ClSTl - M STSRT OF St. MaRY 5. K X>D. 1 8<

soul of Tristrai - .; i ven to G

and the C of Si res and to the

Monks then sea og God in pure and perpetual and fin
alms. .-. rgatc of land in Ch: e, and two mess iges

:ich Mabilia and Thu: six acres of

meadow which turn on :: Niddrev : re for

two hundred sheep, and other two mer
Kibbe Rag sometime held, with the app

ter F all the aforesaid. Which s; :e of land with

the i four ss res and six of meadow and

re of 200 si ;ep and all other appurten:.
Ci ae had given to the aforesaid Tristram my t.

rs for his homage and - :~rom 1

Tristram, ght the same virgate with ah the

aforesaid appurtenanc - i to me and of which

f land with its v ctenanc - I
Cherletu: iord, aftei .. im my

brc. ..-. c my relief and homage and n

hold and to have the said _ te of land • the afc:

res and meadows and pasture and all other appur-
tenar; the a i monks of Kingeswode for ever

peaceably, and tret and honorably, as pure and
perpetual and free alms quit of all sen and

uands to me or my heirs belonging, g one penny

an: St Michael to the said Adam de

Ch e and to his heirs in his court of Cherletun to

be paid, and saving royal s uch as belongs to one

gate of land in the same vill as the said 1
brc r.d I were bound and accur I to perform. And

because I wish that this my alms may be firm and perpetual
I have fortified this charter 1 e imposition of ad-

Wit s Bartholomew (Le) Banc, Oliver de Berkeley.

William de Rodmerton, Laurence de L m de

rietun, Nicholas son of Henry de Culcretun, Walter d
:ne, Roger de (Ductune), Philip de Tettebur', Geo:

1 It is interesting to this name so near to Fairford in :

thnteeatb centon

186 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Custance, Roger Barette, Walter Bernard, William son of
Elias, and many others.

No. V.

Let all present and future know that 1 Roger son and
heir of Adam de Cherletune for the love of God and the
salvation of my soul have granted and by the present
charter have confirmed to God and the Church of St.
Mary of Kingeswode and the monks there serving God
in pure and perpetual and free alms all the grants in
lands and meadows and messuages with all appurtenances
and liberties and free customs which the said Adam de
Cherletune my father, and Henry de Ribbesford, gave to
the said monks in Cherletune.

To hold and to have to the same monks with all
appurtenances for ever freely peaceably, wholly, honourably,
and quit from all services, customs, and demands, accidents,
and issues, whatsoever may arise as the charters of the
donors witness because I and my heirs are bound to
acquit the said monks of all the aforesaid things, and
to warrant the said lands with all appurtenances to the
same monks against all mortals, saving an annual rent
of one penny to be paid on the feast of St. Michael to
me and my heirs from that land which the same monks
have of the grant of Henry de Ribbesford, and saving
the payment of the royal service from the same land,
as much as pertains to one virgate of land in Cherletun.
And that this my confirmation and grant may remain
firm and stable for ever I have appended my seal to this
writing in the year of our Lord's incarnation one thousand
two hundred and thirty two, on the purification of
the Blessed Virgin. Witnesses Bartholomew La Banc,
Oliver de Berkeley, Geoffrey de Chausi, William de
Rodmartun, Laurence de Lasceles, Nicholas son of Henry
de Culcretun, Walter de Uptune, Roger de Ductun,
Philip de Tettebur', William son of Elias, Geoffrey de
Custance, Roger Barette, Walter Bernard and many others.

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 187

No. VI.

Otto by divine mercy Cardinal Deacon of St. Nicholas
in Carcere Tulliano legate of the Apostolic See, to all
who shall inspect these present letters, greeting in the
Lord. Know ye that we have inspected the letters of our
Lord Pope Honorius1 of blessed memory, under this form,
Honorius, Bishop, Servant of the servants of God, to our
venerable brethren Stephen Archbishop of Canterbury,
Cardinal of the Holy Church of Rome, and to the Arch-
bishop of York and their suffragans, and to our other beloved
sons the prelates of Churches throughout the provinces of
Canterbury and York, appointed, greeting and apostolic
benediction.

Whereas the Abbots of the Cistercian Order at the time
of the General Council2 on the advice of I(nnocent III.)
Pope, our predecessor of happy memory, determined that for
the future, the brethren of that order (so that they should
not be further molested in respect of their privileges of the
Church) should pay tithes of other people's lands,3 and lands
which might be from time to time acquired, if they cultivated
them by their own hands or at their own expense, to the
churches to which they were before accustomed to be paid
before that time as taxation unless they should think that
composition should be made with those churches. Our
same predecessor (because he was hopeful that the prelates
would be more eager and efficient in exhibiting to those of
their own evil-doers the compliment of justice and would
observe their privileges more diligently and perfectly) having
gratified and ratified the said statutes4 has willed and ordered
that the same should be extended to other regular orders
who enjoy like privileges. But (and we relate it in grief)
the thing has turned out contrary, for as we have frequently
heard from pressing complaints of the Abbots of that order,
some of the church prelates and others their clerks rashly
1 Honorius III., 1216 — 1227. a Lateran, November, 1215.

3 Terrae aliaenae.
4 Statutum hujus modi gratum hahens et ratum.

i88 Transactions for the Year 1899.

despising the privileges and striving mischievously to pervert
their understanding, disquiet the same in many ways. For
whereas indulgence was granted to them, that from the new
lands which they cultivate with their own hands, or at their
own expense, or from the gardens, and shrubberies, and from
their fisheries, or from food for their beasts, no one of them
should presume to exact or extort tithes, certain men pretend-
ing a perverted intellect saying that these things cannot and
ought not to be understood except from those (possessions)
which were acquired before the General Council, weary the
same with manifold exactions. We therefore wishing in our
paternal solicitude to provide for the repose of the same,
firmly enjoy ning your university (i.e. whole body) by apostolic
writings, command that you altogether preserve unharmed
the Abbots and brethren of the same order from levy of
tithes, equally from possessions held before the General
Council, as from new lands acquired either before or after
the Council, which they cultivate with their own hands or
at their own expense as well as from gardens shrubberies
meadows pastures woods groves mills salt-pits and fisheries
and from food for their beasts restraining objectors by
ecclesiastical censure, putting by appeals. Dat — The Lateran
VII. Kal July (25 June, 1222) in the 6th year of our
Pontificate. In witness whereof to this transcript we have
caused to be diligently inspected with the original on the
prayer of the Abbot and convent of Kyngeswood of the
Cistercian Order we have appended our seal.

Dat Waltham Non. Julii (7 July) in the year of the
Pontificate of our Lord Gregory IX. Pope1 the . . .

No. VII.

Let present and future know that the following agreement
was made in the year of our Lord's Incarnation One thousand
two hundred and thirty-nine on the feast of St. Philip and
St. James between the monks of Kingeswode on the one part,
and William Maunsel on the other, namely that the said

1 Gregory IX., 1227 — 1241.

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 189

William Maunsel has granted and leased to the said monks of
Kingeswode on the said year and day, all his lands in Culcretun
with villeins and their followings in demesne and villenage
and possession,1 and rents and all easements and appur-
tenances to the aforesaid lands belonging, without any
retention at his need or the need of his heirs. To hold and
to have the said lands freely and quietly well and in peace
for a term of twenty years ensuing for fifty marks of silver
which the said monks have paid to the said William Maunsel
into his hands for his great and most urgent business. But
the said monks will acquit the Royal service from the said
lands during the said term to the Chief Lord as William
Maunsel was accustomed to do, and will pay to the said
William Maunsel and his heirs annually one penny at
Kingeswode at the feast of St. Michael for all services suits
and complaints and secular demands when forsooth the said
William Maunsel or his heirs shall send their letters patent
besides the said penny to Kingeswode. But when the twenty
years are passed, all the said lands with appurtenances shall
revert to the said William Maunsel or to his heirs freely and
quit from all contradiction of the said monks, saving the crop
of the following autumn, which the monks shall keep, and
gather, and have, without any claim dispute hindrance and
contradiction of William Maunsel or his heirs. Moreover
the said William Maunsel and his heirs shall warrant all the
said lands with the appurtenances and all the said agreement
to the said monks during the said term against all mortals.
And if the said William Maunsel or his heirs in anything
come against the said agreement so that the said monks for
deficit of warranty within the said term suffer loss in any
way that loss shall be made good to them by view of
honorable men provided on both sides whether in lands or
in chattels before that William Maunsel or his heirs receive
the said lands. But if William Maunsel shall die within the
said term his heirs shall firmly and faithfully keep all the
said covenant to the end of the term and if they are not

1 Tenementum

190 Transactions for the Year 1899.

able to keep it they shall make an exchange with the said
monks in the land of La Lippiette to the value of four marks
for every year of the back term by view of honorable men
provided on both sides. The said monks, moreover, have
received the said lands altogether bare and unploughed nor
in any way worked by the said William or his heirs, and so
shall restore them when the term expires. And they pledge
that this covenant shall be kept without trick or mischief, etc.
In witness of which thing the seal of William Maunsel
has been appended on the one part, and that of the Abbot and
monks on the other. Witnesses Oliver de Berkeley, Robert
de Rocheford, Robert Dean of Kenepel,1 William de Mineriis,
Bartholomew La Banc, Roger de Ductun, Walter de Upton,
Philip de Teteburi, Colin de Culcretun, Geoffrey distance,
Nigel de Osleworth, and many others.

No. VIII.

Let present and future know that the following covenant
was made between Thomas the Abbot and the Convent of
Kingeswode on the one part and Adam son of Henry de
Chirintun'- on the other, namely that the said Abbot and
convent of Kingeswode by common counsel and consent
have granted to the aforesaid Adam son of Henry de
Chirintun and his heirs for ever all the land with all the
appurtenances that the aforesaid Henry father of the afore-
said Adam held from the aforesaid Abbot and convent in
the Vill of Chirintun, and in addition that croft which was
Walter de Bertun's, and all the land which lies below the
Mill of Smallcumbe. To hold and to have to the aforesaid
Adam and his heirs for ever from the said abbot and convent
and their successors freely and quietly paying for it each
year to the same Abbot and convent and their successors
eight shilling a1 the four terms, viz. at Christmas day
two shillings, at Easier two shillings, at the nativity of
St. John B .hillings, at the feast of St. Michael

1 Kempley. He was probably Rural Dean of the Forest Deanery.

3 Clierington.

Cistercian" Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 191

two shillings, for all services. But that this covenant
may remain firm and stable, the seal of the Abbot and
convent has been placed on the portion (of the indenture)
of Adam, and the seal of Adam has been placed on the
portion of the Abbot and convent. Witnesses William de
Rodmortune, Robert Passelewe, Ralph Hereward, Laurence
de Lasceles, William de Westrop, Hugh son of Nigel,
Henry parson of Rodmarton, Henry de Culcretun, Roger
Barette, Geoffrey son of Constance and many others.

No. IX.

Let present and future know that I Henry de Cul-

cretuna for my soul and for the souls of all my ancestors

and successors have granted and by the present charter

have confirmed to God and the Church of the Blessed Mary

of Kingeswode and the monks there serving God all the

grant of William Butevillain, namely sixteen acres of land

in the Vill of Culcretun of my fee, to wit nine acres in one

field and seven acres which the same William Butevilain

gave to the aforesaid monks with their appurtenances in

pure and perpetual and free alms . . . quit of all service

and secular demand. And neither will I nor any of my heirs

vex the said monks concerning the said acres and liberties

in any way. And if the aforesaid William Butevilain or his

heirs shall vex in any way the said monks concerning the

said lands and liberties I and my heirs within our power will

distrain them from doing any molestation or vexation to the

said monks. And that this my confirmation may be made

known (manifest) to all present and future, I have fortified

this charter with the impression of my seal. Witnesses

William Camberlanus, William de Rodmertun, William

parson of Tetbury, Adam de Cherletun, Robert de Ductun,

John de . . . , Henry son of Bernard, Alured Barette,

Robert Muschet, Nicholas de Kingeswode, and many others.

No. X.
Let present and future know that I Aimed Barete for
love of God and the salvation of my soul have given and

192 Transactions i-or the Year 1899.

granted to the Monks of Kingeswode in pure and perpetual

alms two acres of land in the Vill of Culcretun, whereof one

lies at Stanmereswei, and the other in the field Del West at

Brethe which is the " head " acre. To have and to hold

from me and my heirs free and quit from all services and

secular demands. And I and my heirs will acquit them

from royal services, and all services, and will warrant them

against all men and women. Witnesses Henry de Cul-

cretune, William Scai de Tresham, Adam his son, Henry

son of Bernard, Nicholas de Kingeswode, Geoffrey son of

Constance, Adam de Cherletun, William Butevilain, and

many others.

No. XI.

Let all present and future know that I Robert de Roche-
ford for love of God, and the salvation of my soul, and
for the souls of all my ancestors and successors, have given
and granted in pure and perpetual and free alms to the
Abbot and Monks of St. Mary at Kingeswode such liberty
in Osleworthe from me and my heirs for ever. As if by
chance they should be drawn into plea by me or my heirs,
or by any other man or woman in my court, and if they
should fall into mercy {i.e. if they should be fined) of me or
my heirs then the Abbot and Monks shall be altogether
acquitted of that amercement towards me and my heirs so
often as it shall happen for ever. Also I have given and
granted for me and my heirs for ever in pure and free alms to
the said monks the following liberty, that their sheep or other
cattle shall never by any fault or forfeit of the said monks
or their men be emparked or molested by me or my heirs or
by our servants or men, unless by chance those sheep or
cattle should be found in my corn or enclosable meadow.
But if the monks or their men should be delinquent in any
way, then the monks must be cited and summoned according
to the law of the land to give satisfaction in our court, or to
hold their own court and there to give satisfaction to the
complainants if judgment should go in their favour and then
if they do not do this and it should be necessary they must

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 193

be compelled through their cattle, but never through their
sheep. And because I wish that these liberties may be
inviolably kept by the said monks for ever, I wish and grant
that whoever of my heirs or if I myself come in any manner
against those liberties which I have granted to the monks
let him be in mercy {i.e. be fined) of the Sheriff of Gloucester
to the sum of twenty shillings of silver. Witnesses Oliver
de Berkeley, Nicholas Ruffus, Wm. de Bradele, Nichs.
Mingnot, Roger Petipas, Colin de Culkertun, Wakelin
Tysun, Robt. le Stabler, and many others.

No, XII.

§ Arrears of W. cellarer of Kingswood at the feast of
St. Peter ad Vincula (August 1) in the year of grace 1240
^11 gs. id.

§ Received from the above written term and subsequently
at the feast of St. Andrew £8.

Sum total £iq 9s. id.

Expenses from the above written arrears and receipts :

Two servants Wallingford i2d. In cheese 28s. 4d. at Pridie.1

For two oxen 17s. 8d. there. Also for one ox 6s. iod. In

cord igd. In canvas 8d. In dried conger 14s. gd. In

expenses at Pridie is. 8d. In herrings 2od. Tetbury. For

one horse 8s at Callcot. To Simon and W. Knicht id. for

seeking a horse. For wheels 14s. iod. Ozleworth. In

expenses 4d. to Westbury.2 To the boys of the Abbot of

Flexley id. At Tetbury is. for carriage in the autumn. In

Hulle 4.\d. In hay'5 2s. from Colewich. To Stephen de Wica

gs. 6d. for carriage of hay (or iron). In boards 20s.

Ozleworth. For pittance of the Lady Mul(vain ?)

4s. g^d. eels. To W. de Call(cot) i8d. for labour. To

brother Odo 6d. for seeking one bretasch'. To Thomas de

1 I'ricldy on Mendip . the fair was held on the feast of St. Lawrence,
August iotli

- Westbury-on- Severn, 0:1 the way to Flaxley Ahoey.

•' Or Iron, " ferro."

1 This word has much puzzh- 1 m<- C.odefroi Roqueford, ^c ,
give it " a stockade."

V 1 XXII.

ig4 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Ozleworth 3d. for work. To a certain thresher 3d. In
expenses of the Court at Culcreton 5s. yd. One weigh-beam
8d. For labour two weeks. For Flaskins1 iod. B. Labanc.
R. Marescale Bristol 2d. ("the Marshal of Bristol"?). To
servants at Bristol 4d. ("the Sergeants of Bristol"?). In
conger 14s. with portage. In expenses of horses 3d. In
wine 4d. In nails for the bakehouse 8d. For one barge 8d.
In a load of herrings 22d. In one horse collar 8d. In fish
22jd. Tetbury. Also in fish i4d. Malm(esbury). For three
white skins 4s. 6d. For timber for wheels 3s. one sacristan.
At Haselden i4d. for the Abbot of Tinterne. At the market
of Bristol " In alemand " 4s. (" almonds " ?). In cinnamon 3s.
In saffron is. 6d. In pepper 7s. 3d. In linen web 17s 2d.
In cloth for sacks 5s. gd. In canvas is. 6d. In wollen cloth
for harness 7s. 8d. In other cloth 6s. 6d. In a pan is. 4d.
In spices is. 3d. In small cloth for a horse coverlet 6d. In
the same for belts 6d. To Brother A. lay brother at the lower
grange i2d. To a lay brother at Ozleworth 2d. for labour.
In expenses of horses and to the young men 8d. In one
white skin 28c!. " Hancis " 5d. for timber. For one pot 5s. 7d.
In beams 23d. The Grange at Call(dicot) 6d. for necessities.
To the Prior of •' Lanthony ' 2s. for tithes. To the quarrier 3s.
three weeks about a road. To the threshers at the lower
grange 4d. For wax 6d. for sick horses. For fish i6d.
Tetbury. Also in fish 8d. Cirencester. In companage2 for
the threshers 9d. at Norhall. At Haselden 4d. for 1
Abbot's guest. In fish 3s. 3d. at the feast of All Saints.
In eels 8d. At Callcot and Haselden 8d. for expenses. For
one young heifer 3s. 6d. To John Nepos 4s. for a maimed
cow. In logs 5s. 2d. for timber. To Brother G. 6d for drink
and pittance. In one say 26d. (Sagus = a say or woollen
cloth ) In hake 6d. Tetbury. In roofing houses 13d.
Tetbury. In sieves 3d. Haselden. In two small shoes 32d.
In Mapscipe (?) King 6d. To the quarrymen about a
road 26d. In shoes i6d. In roofing houses at Ozleworth 8d.
1 Flaskin — "a small portable cask."
- Companagium =" anything eaten with bread."

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 195

In cloth for a cape for Humphrey 4s. iod. To the quarryman
i8d. about a road. At Haselden iod. five days' expenses.
At Callcot iod. in labour. Tetbury 8d. in labour. At the
lower grange 13d. in labour. In red herrings i2d. In a
white skin 2s. To Brother R. at Haselden id. for beer. For
three bolts i6d. At Ozleworth 6d. for the ox-house (boveria).

Sum £"13 18s. gd.

Also in autumn gloves and autumn drink in the
beginning of the writings 39s. 6d.

Sum total of expenses £15 18s. 3d. up to the feast of
Saint Andrew of the year '40. Arrears £3 10s. iod.

Also received from the feast of St. Andrew 1240, £7
up to the feast of the Purification ; also up to the feast of
St. Peter ad Vincula (August 1) 1241, £17.

Sum £24 besides arrears. Sum with arrears £17 10s. iod.

Also in gloves 6s. 8^d. In autumn drink 18s. gd. to
the feast of St. Mary1 Also after the feast of St. Mary
10s. 2d. In geese 3s. io^d. Sum 39s. 6d.

Expenses from the feast of St. Andrew in the year 1240.
In drink throughout the Grange in Advent : — Heselden 3s. yd.
Tetbury i8d. Caldicote 2s. Ozleworth nd. Upper Grange
22^d. Lower Grange i8d. Charteshull i5^d.

Sum of drink of the Lay brethren 12s. 8d.

Also in drink of the servants at Christmas: — Haselden
3s 2d. Tetbury i4d. Calcot i5^d. The Beaters2 3$d.
Sum 5s. 1 id.

Sum total of drinks of the Lay brethren and servants

23s. 7d.

Also expenses in other things from the feast of St.
Andrew 1240: — To Brother A. of the lower grange 8d. To
Brother W. of Tetbury fid. In repairs of the granary at

1 The Assumption, August 15, or Nativity, September 8.

2 " Batoribus." I cannot settle this word ; Du Cange has " lutitur " —
batator, &c — "Qui frumentum flagcllo excutit" — that is, a thresher ; but
elsewhere triturator is used for this. Habitoria is also a fulling mill

ig6 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Calcott 6d. To one carter who departed iod. Wippehail
i2d. over his wages. In wheat1 26d. from Ozleworth.
For a certain assart 8d. in Thurinlund. At Cherletune
2S. for scutage to the Earl.- To Brother Richard at
Haselden 3|d. for bolts. To Brother Reiner 3^d. for
sieves. In Hake 8£d. Tetbury. Also in fish 2s. 5d. In
cloth lor Robert Gaudy 43d. In cloth for shoes 8d.
In boots i6d. T. Seneschal of Malm(esbury). At Ozle-
worth i5d. for labour. In eels iod. Tetbury. In oblations
at Christmas 3Jd. In fish 7s. salmon and oysters contra min.
At Ozleworth 3s. for a crowbar (?) and other utensils.
In herrings 48s. yd. In locks and strtll3 4d. Gloucester.
In spurs and halters i4d. For two seats i6d. Egge.4 To
Will Sumeri i2d. for a roll. To the porter 8d. for a
prisoner. In expenses at Gloucester 2od. To Roger the
beater 13d. on departure. To W. Carter of the upper
grange 4d. sim. In expenses at Gloucester last time
3s. 5d. For chains 3d. Roger de Ductune 2s. For
salmon 8d. Bristol. In expenses there 13d. In expenses
to Gloucester 2od. for a dead man. In wine gd. there
vie (sic) for the Sheriff. In expenses of Master Henry
i6d. Gloucester. To Brother E. 3^d. for carting hay.
To the carters 13d. For crobis (?) Ozleworth. For two
axes i6d. for R. Ductune and R. Upton. To Brother
T. Carter 6d. towards Bristol. To Brother Roger de
Cherteshull 5d. for labour. To Adam Flambard 2s. by
the Abbot. To Brother A. of the lower grange 5.Vd. for
labour. To W. de Chalelege 13d. on departure. For
pease 13d. Tetbury. For two Howis (?) iod. For Honey
3d. for a stable (?) (marescale.) To a certain boy Ad. to
Tetbury. For herrings 16s. 4d. Cirencester. For 1 axe
8d. for B. La Banc. In expenses at Haselden 5^d. from
Cirencester. In sieves 2d. at Haseld'. In white hides 4od.
Memorandum. — In the road and quarry at Ozleworth
from the feast of St. Andrew to the feast of St. Hilary
— sum of expenses 15s. 8d.

1 '• Siligo." a Or county "com." 3 Scrapers (5). * Eda, cf. Ducange.

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 197

For pease for seed i8d. Ozleworth. To Adam de Lache-
ford id. for herrings. In herrings 2d. Caldicote. For
hay i4d. Cirefeld. To Roger Sclat 5c]. for shoes; For a
boy freed. For Stockings 8d. at Tetbury grange 6d. ; In
works. At the county of Gloucester i4d. ; For coulter
and ploughshare at Ozleworth i2d. To Hugh Dagan i2d.
In mackerel 3d. (megaris). To the Harrowers 6d ; In
herrings and fish Sd. Tetbury. In conger 2s. ; In cloth
4s. 5d. In expenses of the Abbot of Callecot 3s. 2£d.
Also to the harrowers 6d. ; To a beater Tetbury 6d.
for emolument.1

On Monday after Palm Sunday : In fish, 19s. 5d. —
100 milvin and 200 hake. W. Upehull Item 100 milvin
us.; Item us. in fish. Item in canvas 10s. ; Item in
fish 7s. id. Item in fish 13d.; In boards 8s. 3d. To
Laurence de Lasceles 2s. ; In expenses at Bristol 6d.
At the lower grange 6d. in labour. Expenses at Bath
and Bristol i8£d. — Easter week. To Brothers H. and
W. Halseld' 8d. by order of the Abbot. In lime 6d.
Haseld' ; To a beater there 4d. condiment. To W.
the Baker 13d. Tetbury; To a certain boy 4d. by the
Prior. For Maundy - 43d. ; To a certain boy 6d. by
the Abbot. In oblations 4^d. Easter. ; In nails 5d. On
quasi modo Sunday3 two days Gloucester i6d. For a
bit yd. ; To the wheelwright 6d. For a certain boy
running with the Cellarer for Homkn 4d. At the upper
grange 8d. in labour. Lower grange 4d. ; To the beater
there i^d. for emolument. Tetbury 4d. for emolument to
a Harrower, i2d. Haseld'. For white salt i£d.; For
enclosure at Estleya 3Ad. In casu 22d.

Expenses in drink of the lay brethren by the granges
in Lent : Haseld' 7s., Tetbury 3s. 4$d., Callecote 3s. 6d.,
Ozleworth 2s., Upper Grange 4s. 4d., Lower Grange 32jd.,
Cherteshule 32 ^d. Sum 26s. 8d.

' Evantagium=avantagium: (1) prescriptive right, (2)profit or emolument.

2 Ad Mandatum.
8 1st Sunday after Easter, April 7.

igS Transactions for the Year 1899.

Item in the wall of Ozleworth : First week 400I., second
week 23d., third 8d., fourth 133d., fifth i8d., sixth 2od.
Sum 1 os. 2jd.

To the beaters for emolument 3d. For custody of
fowls 8d. Item for emolument 3d. To Richard the
heater 6d. for emolument.1 Item to another thresher 2d.
To Brother A. de Lacheford id. For one crennoch2 of
salt 1 2d. For Master H. the Clerk 8d. Gloucester.
For digging the curtilage of Dame Petronella 4d. At
Heseld' 5d. for Master H. Expenses at Bristol 33d. for
the Cellarer and Andrew and N. the Smith. To a certain
boy at Ozleworth 6d. Item there i6d. for labour. At
Callicote i6d. for labour. To Brother T. carter 4d. to
Bristol. On Monday before Whitsunday i4d. expenses
of the County (?). In cloth for Hugh Clerk for stockade (?)
3od. In cloth for W. Clerk of the Sheriff 34d. In two
hides 3s. In fish i6d. Tetbury. At Heseld' 3d. in beer.
Expenses for the Cellarer in heath 5d. Cull(cretone). To
Colin de Culcreton 4s. for quitclaim of spurs. Expenses
at Malmesbury 2d. In one white hide 2s.

In two oxen Osleworth 22s. gd. In three oxen there
33s. 8d. Expenses at Gloucester 5s. 2d. — minus Com (sic).
In a tool for the carter 5s. 8d. For one meadow 3s.
Wortel(ey). To Roger de Cherteshulle 6d. for labour.
To Brother Godfrey 4d. In an enclosure 3d. Osleworth.
To Peter de la Mare iod. for wine. For one white roll8
2gd. for the use ot the Abbot. In fish against the
injunction 3s. In expenses at Tetbury 5d. To Brother
Ernald 3s. for threshing. For a sickle 6d. For the
Abbot i4^d. Callicote, for the parson of Tetbury. In
expenses of the Court at Culcreton 26d. ; At Osleworth
to a hoer i4d. For the meadow of N. de Osleworth
3s. 3d. For the meadow of H. de Holacra 32d. Item
for a meadow i4d. for oxen at Osleworth. For a meadow

1 N.B. — These two entries seem to prove that "bator" is the same as
triturator.— I.H.I.

a Crannocum — a measure, a basket. 3 An alb would be alba, not albo.

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kixgswood. 199

at Wortel(ey) us. id. for stable. For hoers and other
labourers 2s. 4d. Tetbury. To the Lady of Osleworth
half a mark for a lease. In rope Osleworth 4d. In broad
nails igd. for the house (hospitium). For a ploughshare
for the carter 5s. jjd. At Gloucester 5s. 3d. before the
Justices. For oais 26d. besides " O " expenses (sic). In
expenses at Gloucester 12s. 8d. — nine days. For a cart 5s.
to the Lord the King. In victuals1 for the beaters and
servants Osleworth 6s. gd. . From the feast of Pentecost
to the feast of St. James . Item For emolument to the
beaters for the same term 3s. iod. To a certain Thresher
iod. on his departure. In hay 3s. id. T. Bareball. Also
in hay 22d. R. Franceis — setes (?). Item at Wick 23d
for hay. In expenses at Gloucester 2od. To the beaters
and servants at Osleworth 13d. for victuals. To the
Ambler2 3s. who taught the colts.

Sum ^19 15s. gd. Arrears ^3 9s. 5d.
Sum total on both sides of the roll ^"24 is. 5-id. up to
the feast of St. Peter ad Vincula in the year 1241.

No. XIII.

Arrears of the Bursars of the House of Kingswood in
the year of grace 1241 on the feast of St. Peter ad
Vincula (August 1) from all receipts of the House ^"120
and /"15 5s. o£d. all the wool and fleece wool being counted
together and 20 pounds from arrears of wool of the year '42.

Received from the same term and then up to the feast of
St. Andrew of the same year : From fleece wool of the year
'42 5 marks in arrears. From rents at the feast of St.
Michael £6 9s. gd. with arrears. From sale of sheep
£6 7s. 4d. From debt of corn 4s. 6d. From sale of Roc-
wood 34s. 3d. From money borrowed for the bell 2 marks.
From debts paid and money collected £6 5s. 5$d. From the

1 Campanagium.

2 Ambulator, an Ambler — a horse that ambles.

Ambula-instrumentum in quo equi discunt ambulare (?) Whether
this entry is in reference to the breaking-in of colts.

200 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Lady of Tetes £\ loan. From debt of cider1 3^d. From
pannage of Kingswood 8s. From entry of land 20s.
Sum received ^31 5s. 5^d.

Sum total received with arrears ^166 10s. 6d. up to the
feast of St. Andrew.

Sum of expenses from the said feast of St. Peter ad
Vincula of the year 1241 up to St. Andrew by parts: In
gathering fruits ^"35 17s. o£d. In hay for sheep £\*j 7s. iod.
Item for carting the Abbots and the Household Hay 25s. 4d.
For rams bought in Lindesay2 25s. 4d. To the Cellarer for
expenses £\i. To the Sub-cellarer 12s. 6d. To the shepherds
for expenses i\ marks. To the Lord Abbot 36s. To the Baker
10s. 8d. In fish £y 19s. oid. In salt £3 13s. 8d. In oats
£8 gs. In pensions and annual rents £\ 7s. 8d. In pay
of mercenaries to the feast of Saint Michael ^24 16s. 7d.

In edificio — In wine, 3s.; In cheese and tallow 28s. 5d. ;
At Call' 18s. 2d. about the grange; In the monks infirmary
6s. 9^d. ; In buildings in the cow shed 8s. id. ; In the bake-
house and cloister 10s. 3^d. ; In boards and lead there, 16s.

In gold, jewels, and gifts, £\ 12s. 2d. In farms and lands
£4 10s. iod. In pleas 17s. 2^d. In other useful things of
the house £11 7s. gd. Borrowed 13s. 8d.

Sum total of expenses from the feast of St. Peter up
to St. Andrew ^"153 14s. gd. Arrears ^12 15s. gd. (or
otherwise £\b os. 3d. less).

Item received from the feast of St. Andrew up to the
feast of St. Peter ad Vincula of the year 1242 : From sheep
sold £2, 2s. 6d. From rents at Christmas £\ 4s. From
rents at Ladyday £5 33. 4^d. From rents at Midsummer
£\ 7s. 3d. From the better wool 40 marks at Hokeday.
From corn sold ^46 4s. 3d. — 19 sacks, price of a sack with
profit3 14 marks. From better wool ^"137, £ a mark 1 sack
lok. From 1 sack of middle wool £6. From 5 stone oi
better wool 31s. — 6 sacks 16 stone and a-half. From lok4

1 Cicero=:cider ; cicera, a kind of pulse fit for fodder. — Ainsworth.

2 Lincolnshire. 3 Evantagium=avantagium.

4 Lok — Inferior wool, collected at the shearing, fleece wool.

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 201

^"24 18s. 7d. Besides 1 sack of profit of pet (good) wool and
6 stone and a-half of lok. From entry of land and from
freedom 21s. Sd. From pigs in the piggery 100s. 6d. From
debts paid £y and 33d. From 1 servant 20s. as a gift. From
a horse sold 7s. From pannage of Osleworth 2od. From
the mill of Osleworth 33d.

Sum total received ^"290 7s. 3£d. with arrears ^"16 from
the feast of St. Andrew up to the feast of St. Peter of the
year '42.

Expenses by parts from the feast of St. Andrew above
written up to the feast of St. Peter of the year 1242 :
To the Cellarer £18. To the Sub-cellarer 21s. To the
Shepherd1 £■$ 8s. 8d. To the Baker 10s. In oats £g 2s. 2d.
Also in oats for seed 3 marks. In fish £16 3s. oj-d. To the
work of the Church 10 marks — gift. In the building of the
new hospice £i& os. ojd. Item in other buildings 18s. iod.
In pay for mercenarys at Hokeday ^15 os. id. In one cask
of wine 3 marks 4od. Also in wine 6s. In soap and cheese
10s. In salt 33s. id. In rents and payments £3 7s. 4d.
In gifts and gold £3 16s. 8d. In farms and lands 3 marks
4s. In hay 20s. gd. In pleas 8s. In other minute things
^8 3s. ioid.

Sum total of expenses /115 10s. 2^d. up to the feast of
St. Peter ad Vincula of the year 1242. Arrears to the same
term ^174 16s. nd.

Sum of expenses in fish by the hand of the Sub-Prior
^"24 24|,d. besides buildings.

Also expended in fish computed in the house building
3 marks 2s. 7d.

No. XIV.

Let present and future know that I John del Egge have
granted and given and by this present charter have confirmed
to God and the Church of the Blessed Mary of Kingeswode,
and the monks there serving God, all my land which Gillebert
my Father held, and which descended to me by hereditary

1 ? Bercarius.

202 Transactions for the Year 1899.

right, with the wood and all its appurtenances at La Egge
in the manor of Simundeshale in perpetual exchange of all
the land which the said monks held in Rocwood in the parish
of Biseleye with the wood and all its appurtenances. To
hold and to have to the said monks for ever freely and
quietly wholly and honorably well and in peace in woods, in
plains, in meadows, and pastures, and in all other things and
places, with all liberties and free customs which can possibly
belong to the said land, saving the service which I was
accustomed and bound to perform for the same, to the chief
lord. And I and my heirs or assigns will warrant to the said
monks all the said land with wood and all appurtenances
and liberties for ever against all mortals. But if they are
unable to warrant all the aforesaid land of Rocwood with
the wood and all its appurtenances the said monks shall
freely seize it again without any contradiction of me or of
my heirs or assigns. And that this my grant and gift may
remain ratified and stable I have appended my seal to this
writing.

Witnesses Peter de Eggeworth, Oliver de Berkeley,
William de Troham, Richard de Abbenes, Robert de
Mulecot, Henry de la Strode, Roger Petipas, and others.

Done in the year of grace 1243 at the feast of Saint

Martin.

No. XV.

Let present and future know that I John del Egge have
given and granted and by the present charter have con-
firmed to God and the Church of the Blessed Mary of
Kingeswode and the monks there serving God all my land
which Gillebert my Father held and which descended to me
by hereditary right with wood and all its appurtenances at
Le Egge in the manor of Symundeshale in perpetual
exchange of all the land which the said monks had at La
Rocwde in the parish of Byseleye with the wood and all
appurtenances. To hold and to have to the said monks for
ever freely and quietly wholly and honourably well and in
peace in woods plains meadows and pastures and in all other

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 203

things and places with all liberties and free customs which
can pertain to the said land saving the service which I was
accustomed and bound to perform to the Chief Lord. And
I and my heirs or assigns will warrant to the said monks all
the said land with wood and all appurtenances and liberties
for ever against all mortals. But if we should not be able to
warrant the whole of the aforesaid land of Rocwde with
wood and all appurtenances the said monks shall freely seize
it again without any contradiction from me or my heirs or
assigns. And that this my gift and grant may remain ratified
and stable I have appended my seal to this writing.
Witnesses Peter de Eggeworth, Oliver de Berkeley, William
de Troham, Richard de Abbenesse, Robert de Mulecote,
Henry de la Stride, Roger Petipas, and others. (1243).

No. XVI.
Let present and future know that I Roger Barette for
love of God and the safety of my soul have given and
granted to God and the Church of St. Mary of Kingeswode
in pure and perpetual and free alms a messuage " on the
spring" with curtilage and other appurtenances in the Vill of
Culcretun. To hold and to have to the Monks of the said
Church of Kingeswode for ever as pure and perpetual and
free alms quietly and freely from all customs and issues and
services which can possible at any time issue. Because I
and my heirs will altogether quitclaim the said messuage
with curtilage and appurtenances and will warrant it to the
said monks for ever against all mortals. In witness of
which thing I have appended my seal to this Charter.
Witnesses Bartholomew La banc, William de Rodmertune,
Nicholas de Culcretun, Thomas de la Planke, Roger de
Calfhage, Geoffrey distance, Walter Bernard, John Cusin,
Walter de Fromtune, William de Bradeley, Henry de
Bradel', Robert Passelewe, and many others.

No. XVII.
Let present and future know that I William Bretun for
the love of God and the salvation of my soul have given to

204 Transactions for the Year 1899.

God and the Church of St. Mary of Kingeswd and the
monks there serving God in pure and free alms one cotceld
(cotcelda = land attached to a cottage) of land in Osleworth
with all appurtenances which Alice Toki sold to me for five
marks. To hold and to have to the said monks of Kingeswd
for ever, as pure and free alms as far as pertains to me
and my heirs. Paying for it annually, to the said Alice and
her heirs on the same land, one pair of gloves at Easter, or
one penny whichever they prefer. And to the Chief Lord
one pound of cummin at the feast of St. Michael. And the
royal service which pertains to so much land in the same
Vill. And I and my heirs will warrant the said land with
appurtenances to the said monks for ever against all mortals.
In witness of which thing I have appended my seal to
this Charter. Witnesses Geoffrey de Chausi, Oliver de
Berkele, Bartholomew La banc, Nicholas Ruffus, John le
New, Nigel de Osleworth, Henry de Linez, Walter, clerk
of Hillesley, William de Bradeleye, and many others.

No. XVIII.

This is the covenant made between Roger Baret of the
one part, and the Abbot and Monks of Kingeswode on the
other part, namely that Roger Bareth in the year of grace
1243 at the feast of St. Michael leased and granted to the
said Abbot and Monks two acres of land in the fields of
Culcretun, that is to say in Westfelde the acre in la Buchine,
and in Estfeide the Head acre under Stanhulle, so that the
said Monks may hold the said two acres up to the end of ten
years next ensuing, that is to say, until they have received
five crops entirely from the one acre and five from the other x
except enclosed pieces (" exceptis inhokis"),2 if by chance any
shall be made in the same vill. But they have received the
first crop from these two acres in the autumn of the year of

1 Thus the common fields were cultivated on the two-course system.

* Inhokum = any corner of a common field ploughed and sowed and
sometimes enclosed with a dry hedge in that year wherein the rest lies
fallow — Jacob.

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 205

grace 1244 wherefore they will have the last crop in the

autumn of 1253 besides the crops from the "inhoka" as often

as there shall be any. But for this lease and grant, the said

Abbot and Monks have given him six shillings sterling into

his hands. When however the said Monks have held the said

acres to the end of ten years, the said acres shall return to

the said Roger or to his heirs without any contradiction of

the said Monks. But the said Roger and his heirs will

warrant to the said Monks the covenant up to its term

against all mortals, and will quitclaim it of all services and

secular demands which may ever issue from it. And that

this covenant may be firmly held it has been fortified by the

seals of both parties. Witnesses William de Rodmerton,

Laurence de Lasceles, Robert Passelwe, Geoffrey Custance,

Nicholas de Culcreton, Walter Bernard, Henry Bernard, and

many others.

No. XIX.

Let present and future know that this is the covenant

made between the Abbot and Monks of Kingeswde of the

one party, and Luke de Chirintune of the other party, namely,

that the aforesaid Abbot and Monks by common counsel and

will have leased to the same Luke de Chirintune all that

land with messuage and all appurtenances in Chirintune

which was Walter de Brachele's, which land the same Walter

gave to the Monks of Bethlesdene,1 and the Monks of

Bethlesdene sold to the said Abbot and Monks of Kingeswde.

To hold and to have to the same Luke and his heirs for ever

freely and quietly paying therefore annually to the said

Abbot and Monks of Kingeswde six shillings sterling, at the

four terms of the year namely at the nativity of our Lord

eighteen pence, and at Easter eighteen pence, and at the

nativity of St. John Baptist eighteen pence, and at the feast

of St. Michael eighteen pence, for all services customs and

.... saving the royal service that is to say as much as

pertains to half a virgatc of land in the same vill. But for

this covenant and grant the same Luke de Chirintune has

1 Lat Bechledene.

206 Transactions for the Year 1899.

given to the said Monks of Kingeswde eight marks of silver
for acknowledgement. And let it be known that the said
Luke de Chirintune or his heirs shall not be able either to
sell or pledge the same land without license and assent of
the Monks of Kingeswde his lords. And that this covenant
may be made firm between them and stable for ever the seal
of the Monks has been placed to the portion of Luke, and
Luke's seal to the portion of the Monks. Witnesses
Bartholomew Labanc, Roger de Duchtune, Thomas de
Rodeburwe, William de Rodmertune, Henry Hardewine,
Nicholas de Leppegete, Geoffrey distance, and many
others.

No. XX.

Let present and future know that I Roger de Newentun
son of Philip de Berkeley for love of God and the salvation
of my soul have given and granted to God and the Church of
St. Mary de Kyngeswde and the Monks there serving God
in pure and perpetual and free alms an acre of land with all
its appurtenances in the tenure of Newinton which lies on
the eastern side of the grange of Callicote and tapers one
head on to Le Rugeweie, and the other towards the grange
of Callicote, near the two acres which the Monks have of the
gift of Philip my father. To hold and to have the said acre
to the said Monks with all appurtenances freely and quietly
well and in peace as pure and free and perpetual alms. And
I and my heirs will warrant to the said Monks the said acre
with all appurtenances for ever against all mortals. And we
will quitclaim it from royal services, and from all suits and
demands and customs and services which can ever issue. In
witness whereof I have appended my seal to this writing.

Witnesses Peter de Ywelega, Symon son of Nigel de
Haselcote, Adam de la Home, Richard le Duck, William de
Westcote, and many others.

No. XXI.

Let present and future know that I Roger de Newentunc
for God and the salvation of my soul have given and granted

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 207

and by the present charter have confirmed to God and the
Church of the Blessed Mary of Kyngeswode and the monks
there serving God in pure perpetual and free alms all the
land of Bollecote with pasture and all appurtenances which
lies between Yweleg' (Uley) and Egge near Le Ros in the
manor of Newenton. To have and to hold to the said
monks and their successors, and to the aforesaid Church,
freely and quietly and honourably well and in peace, in all
things and places, with all appurtenances and all liberties
pertaining to the said land, as pure perpetual and free alms
for ever so that they be responsible to no one except for
prayers only. Moreover they the said monks have granted
to the said Roger and his heirs that they may have entrv
into the wood of Bollecote, and there take of the wood
whenever and whatever they wish, so long as it be done
without damage to the corn and pastures of the said monks.
But I and my heirs will warrant the aforesaid land with all
its appurtenances and liberties belonging to the said land
to the said monks and their successors and to the said Church
of Kyngeswode for ever against all mortals, and we will acquit
them of suits of courts, and of all services which may there-
from arise for ever. And that this my grant and gift may
be ratified and stable for ever, I have appended my seal to
this writing. Witnesses Lord Geoffrey de Chausi, Henry de
Linez, Peter de Yweleg', Walter de Neylesworth, Hugh
de Kyllecote, Robert de Uptune, and others.

No. XXII.

Let present and future know that I Nicholas de Newinton,
son of Roger de Newynton, have granted quitclaimed for me
and for my heirs and by this present charter have confirmed
to God and the Church of the Blessed Mary of Kyngeswod
and the monks there serving God, all the donations of Roger
my father namely all the land of Bollecote (Bowcot ?— V.R.P.)
with all its appurtenances and all other lands rents houses
and tenements which the said monks have of the grant of
Roger my father within the manor of Newynton or elsewhere.

208 Transactions for the Year 1899.

To have and to hold all the aforesaid freely and quietly
according as (the charters) of the said Roger my Father made
to the same more freely, more fully, and better, bear witness.
But I and my heirs will warrant acquit and defend all the
aforesaid, to the aforesaid monks and their successors as is
aforesaid against all mortals for ever. And that this my
grant, quitclaim, and confirmation of the present writing, may
remain ratified and stable for ever I have fortified the present
writing with the impression of my seal.

Witnesses Milo de Langthol, Bartholomew de Olepenne,
Robert de Stone, Robert de Bradestane, Ralph de Camme,
John de Olepenne, and others.

No. XXIII.

Let present and future know that I Roger de Newentun
for God and the salvation of my soul have given and granted
and by the present charter confirmed to God and the Church
of St. Mary of Kyngeswode and the monks there serving
God in pure perpetual and free alms all that land of
Bollecote with pasture and all appurtenances which lies
between Yweleg' and Egge near Le Ros which I sometime
held in the manor of Newentune. To have and to hold
to the said monks and their successors and to the aforesaid
Church freely and quietly, well and in peace, wholly and
honourably, in all things and places, with all appurtenances
and all liberties pertaining to the said land as pure
perpetual and free alms for ever so that they be responsible
to no one except in respect of prayers. But the said monks
have granted to me and my heirs that we may have entry
into the wood of Bollecote, and there take, whenever, and as
much as we like from the wood, provided however that
this be done without damage of corn or pasture of the
said monks. But I and my heirs will warrant the afore-
said land with all its appurtenances and aforenamed
liberties to the said monks and their successors and to
the aforesaid Church of Kyngeswode for ever against all
mortals and will acquit them of suits of courts, and

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 209

hundreds, and of all services which may issue therefrom
for ever. And that this my grant and gift may be ratified
and stable for ever, I have appended my seal to this
writing. Witnesses Dom. Geoffrey de Chausi, Henry de
Linez, Peter de Yweleg', Walter de Neylesworth, Hugh
de Kyllecote, Robert de Uptun, and others.

No. XXIV.

Wages of the House of Kingswood in the year of grace
of our Lord 1255

WAGES OF HOCKDAY (i.e. 2nd Tuesday after Easter).

Upper Grange. — Three ploughmen 6s. Four drivers
i mark. Carter and Harvestman 4s. Horseman and Cook
and Cowherd 4s. 6d. Sum 21s. 2d.

Lower Grange. — Four ploughmen 8s. Four drivers
£ mark ; a fifth 25. Carter and harvestman 4s. Horseman
Cook and Cowherd 4s. 6d. Sum 25s. 2d.

Haseldene. — Four ploughmen 7s. 4d. Three plough-
men 6s. Five ox drivers 7s. 6d. Three horse drivers 5s.
Carter and 2 harvestmen 6s. To another Carter 2od.
Horseman i8d. Cook and boys of the Grange barn 3s. 4d.
Cowherd i8d. Cook's boy gd. Swineherd iSd. Sum
42s. id.

Tetbury. — Horse ploughmen 2s. Two drivers 3s. 2d.
Carter and Harvestman 43d. Horseman Cook and Cow-
herd 4s. 6d. Sum 13s. 4d.

Calecote. — Horse ploughman 2s. Another 22d. Two
Drivers 3s. Horse driver i8d. Carter 22d. Horseman
Cook and Cowherd 4s. 6d. Sum 13s. c;d.

Osleworth. — Two ploughmen 44d. Three drivers 4s. 6d.
Carter and Harvestman 43d. Horseman Cook and Cow-
herd 4s. 6d. Sum 16s. 4d.

Egge. — Two ploughmen 44d. Three drivers 4s. 6d.
Carter and harvestman 3s. Sd. Horseman i8d. Cook and
Cowherd 34d. Sum 16s. 2d.

Vol. XXII.

210 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Cherteshull. — Ploughman and driver 2od. Horseman
2s. Cook and Cowherd 3s. Sum 8s. 8d.

Baggeston. — Master 2s. Ploughman 2od. Driver i8d.
Cowherd 1yd. Horseman i8d. Sum 8s. id.

Bakery. — Baker and brewer £ mark. Baker and miller 5s.
Sifter1 ? and boy for the Brewery 4s. Swineherd i8d.
Also two swineherds of the Cellarer 3s. Sum 16s. iod.

? Curtill. — Two ditchers 4s. Laundryman (laven-
darius) 2s. Carter 22d. Sum 7s. iod.

Shepherds 49s. id. Eleven threshers 20s. 2d. A
twelfth i8d. because he came at the feast of All Saints.
Five Carters 9s. iod. Five boys of the Abbot 7s. 6d.
At the Cowhouse 22d. Sum £\ 9s. nd.

In the Abbey. — John Haybstabularius 2s. Forester 22d.
The Cellarer's boy i8d. The sub-cellarer's boy 2od. The
skinner . . . Sum 8s.

Sum total of wages ^"14 us. 2d.

Upper Grange. — Three ploughmen 9s. 2 drivers 6s. 4d.
Two other drivers 5s. Carter and harvestman 6s. Horse-
man and Cook 5s. Cowherd 3od. Sum 32s. iod.

Lower Grange. — Four ploughmen 12s. Driver " con-
versus " and a second driver 5s. 4d. on account of
Morwellese, three others 7s. 6d. Berkeley 2s. Carter and
harvestman 6s. Cook and Cowherd 5s. Horseman 3od.
Sum 15s. 4d.

Haseldene. — Three Horseploughmen 20s. 6d. Four
others 14s. Three horse drivers 8s. Three others going
to Mor'lese 8s. Two others 5s. Carter 3s. Another
carter 34d ; a third 3od. Two harvestmen 6s. Cook and
Boys of the grange 5s. 2d. Cowherd 29d. Cook's boy 2s.
Swineherd 3od. Sum 73s. nd.

Tetbury. — Horseploughman 3s. 2d. Carter and harvest-
man 6s. Two drivers 3s. 4d. Horseman and cook 6s. 2d.
Cowherd 2gd. Sum 22s. 2d.

Callicote. — Horseploughman 3s. 2d. Another plough-
man 3s. Three drivers 7s. iod. Carter 3s. Horseman and

1 Buletare^rto sift meal.

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 211

cook 5s. 2d. Cowherd 2gd. Cook's boy 2od. Swineherd i4d.
Harvestman 3s. Sum 30s. 5d.

Osleworth. — Two ploughmen 6s. Three drivers 8s.
Carter 3s. Horseman cook and cowherd 7s. gd. Harvest-
man 3s. Cook's boy 8d. Sum 28s. 5d.

Egge.— Two ploughmen 6s. Two drivers 5s. 8d. ; a
third 3od. Carter and harvestman 6s. Horseman 3 id.
Cook and cowherd 4s. 4d. Sum 27s id.

Cherteshull. — Ploughman 3s. Driver 32d. Horse-
man 3s. Cowherd 2gd. Cook 3id. Sum 13s. 8d.

Baggestone. — Master 3s. Ploughman 3s. Driver 32d.
Cowherd 2s. Sum 10s. 8d.

Bakery. — Baker and Brewer \ mark. Miller and
Baker (oven man ? — V.R.P.) 6s. Sifter1 3od. Swine-
herd 2s. Brewer's boy 2od. Sum 18s. iod.

Curtill. — Two ditchers and laundryman 9s.
Carters 34d. Sum us. iod.

Pag'. — Thirty - five shepherds and seven peasants
£\ 14s. 4d. Ten Threshers 30s.

Four carters and a cutter of brushwood 14s. iod.
Five boys of the Abbot 6s. At the Cowhouse 32d.
Sum 23s. 6d.

Cellarer's boy i8d. Stableman 3s. Forester 3s.
Sub-cellarer's boy 28d. Skinner 2s. Sum us. iod.
Sum total of wages ^"23 4s. gd.

At the Upper

Grange

■» a

16s.

gd.

At the Lower

Grange

... a

16s.

iojd.

At Haseld'

- £13

8s.

3*d.

At Tetbury

••■ £1

17s.

n*d.

At Kallicote

■■ £3

18s.

a^d.

At Ozleworth

59s.

iod.

At Egge

59s.

8$d.

At Charteshull

...

26s.

5id-

At Baggeston

2gs.

3id.

At Hull

22^d.

Sum total ,£39 1

3s. iojd.

1 Cnbrator

212 Transactions for the Year 1899.

The sum of all the sums both in wages and harvestings
of the whole year ^77 9s. 4^d.

ON THE BACK.

Wages of the House of Kyngeswood in the year of
grace 1256 at the feast of . . .

WAGES AT HOCKEDAY.

Upper Grange. — Three ploughmen 9s. Two drivers
rising at the morning watch 5s. 4d. Two other drivers 5s.
Carter and harvestman 6s. Horseman and cook 5s. Cow-
herd 29d. Also a ploughman at the plough newly raised
(levatitm) 2s. 6d. Also a driver for the same 2s. Sum

37s. 3^.

Lower Grange. — Four ploughmen 12s. Two drivers
rising at the morning watch 6s. 4d. Three other drivers
7s. 6d. Berkeley (?) 2s. Carter and harvestmen 6s. Cook
and cowherd 5s. Horseman 3od. Sum 15s. 4d.

Egge. — Two ploughmen 6s. Two drivers 5s. 4d. A third
driver 2s. 6d. Carter and harvestman 6s. Horseman 2s. 6d.
Cook and cowherd 4s. 4d. Sum 26s. 8d.

Charteshull. — Ploughman and horseman 6s. Driver
2s. 8d. Cowherd 2gd. Cook 2s. 6d. Sum 13s. 7d.

Haseld'. — Three horse ploughmen 9s. 6d. Four others
12s. Three horsedrivers 8s. Three others rising at morning
watch 8s. Two others 6s. Carter 3s. Another 34d. A
third 2s. 6d. Two harvestmen 6s. Cook and boy of the
grange 5s. 2d. Cowherd 2s. 5d. Cook's boy 2s. Swine-
herd 2s. 6d. Sum 68s. nd.

Tetbury. — Horse ploughman 3s. 2d. Carter and harvest-
man 6s. Driver 5s. 4d. Horseman and cook 5s. 2d. Cow-
herd 2gd. Sum 22s. id.

Osleworth. — Two ploughmen 6s. Three drivers 8s.
Carter 3s. Horseman cook and cowherd 7s. 9d. Harvest-
man 3s. Cook's boy 8d. Sum 28s. 5d.

Cali.icote. — Horse ploughman 3s. 2d. Another 3s.
Three drivers 7s. iod. Carter 3s. Horseman and cook

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 213

5s. 2d. Cowherd 23d. Cook's boy 2od. Swineherd i4d.
Harvestman 3s. Sum 30s. 5d.

Baggeston. — Master 3s. Ploughman 3s. Horseman 3s.
Driver 2s. 8d. Cowherd 2S. Sum 13s. 8d.

Shepherds. — 33 shepherds and 5 peasants (?) £\ 6s. 6d.

(Pag')-

Bakery.— Baker and brewer 6s. 8d. Miller and baker 6s.

Sifter 2s. 6d. Swineherd 2s. Brewer's boy 2s. 6d. Sum

igs. 8d.

Carters. — Four carters namely three for corn and a
fourth for brush with a cutter and a carter of stones 17s. iod.
Each carter 3s. The cutter 2s. iod. Sum 17s. iod.

Nine beaters 27s. — that is to each 3s. Also two beaters
3s. 6d. Five boys of the Abbot 7s. 6d. Adam de Vaccar 32d.
Sum 41s. 8d.

Cuthill. — Two ditchers and laundryman 9s. Carter 34d.
Sum us. iod.

In the Abbey. — Stableman 3s. Forester 3s. Cellarer's
boy 3s. Sum 9s.

No. XXV.

Receipts from Michaelmas term 1262 : — From rent in
Montan' (? ? in amount) 48s. 4d. Also from the same
rent from term of St. John Baptist (midsummer) 42s. 4d.
From the gift of Robert le Greye 2s. From Ygete for two
terms 2 id. From Ralph le Bank i2d. From Witflur 8d.
From the widow of Gregory sub bosco (Underwood) 13d.
From a Knight's widow i2d. From the Widow Thurkild
1 2d. From Tredelaz for two terms of Midsummer and
Michaelmas 7s. 6d. From rent of land La Skay for
Easter and Michaelmas terms 7s. From Symon sub bosco
2s. iod. From Roger Hok 6d. From Walter Cook Mid-
summer and Michaelmas terms 3od. From Thomas Everard
Midsummer and Michaelmas terms I2d. From Thomas
Everard for John de Ductun 6d. From Robert Harding for
Midsummer and Michaelmas iod. From rent of Bulcard
7s. 8d. From Pochampton 5s. From William de Taunton

214 Transactions for the Year 1899.

of Bath 3s. Arrears 4s. From widow Le Furmer i8d.
From Richard Hope 3s. From Richard de Haselcote 5s.
From rent of Richard de Gloucester 5s. From John Le
Wayte 3s. From Reginald Pelliparius ( = Skinner) from
arrears and for the Michaelmas term 4s. From Loriner 6s.
Arrears 3s. 6d. Sum £7 14s.

Receipts from other things : — From the Vicar of Frocester
for £ quarter of corn . . . From Richard Le Nevou
for i quarter of corn . . . From due of corn from
Tetbury . . . From pannage of the wood of Kyng' . . .
From Dom. Sampson de Brunegrove . . . From the
Fuller . . . ^36 . . . £16 . . . From pence of
Brother W. Pilewyne £5 . . . From the Sacristan 40s-
From Brother Alexander . . . From the Precentor . . .
From Roger Russell 9s. From Hugh de la Ford ^ mark.
From Walter Jacob 4s. From William Whiting 2s. From
John Crisp i2d. From the Granger of Charteshull 1 mark
for 1 ox. From Brother W. Knyht for pigs sold 30s.
From the Swineherd 40s. From old sheep sold £10 .
From the Refectorius 50s. Sum ^38 14s. 6hd. Sum tota
of receipts £6y 3s. 2£d.

Expenses from the term as above : — To the Prior of
Lanton' 20s. To the Church of Oseneye 20s. To the
Church of Wottun 10s. To the Church of Nywentun 8s.
To the Church of Olepenne 3s. To the parson of Tetbury
£ mark. To Humphy. de la Barre 10s. In rent of Mister
H. de Bilesby from Michaelmas term 2 marks. In rent of
Nicholas de Culkertun 1 mark. To Cecile de Rocheford
9s. 6d. To William Hayrun 6s. 8d. To John Culling for
his rent 2s. In rent of Dame Joan de Wottune 2s.
Sum £6 1 6s.

Expenses in other things : — In the first payment for
Osleworth £50. To the Shoemaker ^"10. In one horse-
bought for the granger of Osleworth 14s. id. In another
horse bought from William Spilemon 15s. To the Abbot
of Cirencester for amercement £ mark. In eight quarters
of Corn bought at Aired' 32s. To the sub-cellarer going to

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 215

London 20s. In Lead 42d. In 17 quarters of Oats bought
from R. de New . . . 25s. 6d. For Gaudichun (? sic) 1 of
Robert le Nevouz 2s. 6d. In victuals of Robert le Nevou
from the feast of St. Lambert to the Circumcision of our
Lord 4s. In victuals of the Smiths from the Sunday before
Michaelmas to the Sunday next after the Epiphany 6s. 3d.
In expenses of Brother R. de Cumbe going to London 5s.
In expenses of the same to Northampton 9s. yd. For meat
for 9 Shepherds 6s. For provends for . . . Shepherds
1 mark. To the Abbot for Alms 12s. for 2 terms. In one
palfrey for the Abbot's use 20s. In 10 quarters of Beans
33s. 4d. For oats of W. de Rocheford from Christmas
term 40s. In cloth namely eleven rods gs. In beer at
Osleworth 6s. In beef at Osleworth 3s. iod. In partridges
there 13s. In flesh of Sheep bought ... In meat for
9 Shepherds at . . . 27d. — each 3d. For meat for 22
Shepherds . . . 34d. — each i£d. To the young men of
the Abbot of Flexl' i2d. To the clerk of the Sheriff and
his young man 5s. 7d. To the Charcoal-burner at Horsley
. . In expenses of the Prior to Tintern ... In
meat ... In handles ... In straw . . . To Dame
Katherine ... In gaudichun (sic)1 of the Abbot's boys
. . . In expenses of the sub-cellarer at Gloucester . . .
In expenses of Brother W. de Bisel' to Tintern . . . To
the Mower at Cherefeld . . . To Brother Richard de
Cumbe and Brother Thomas to Northampton ... To the
Bailiff at Chippenham 6d. In Gold weight of 5s. — 35s. 6d."
To the young man of W. de Monte 4d. To the young man
of the Vicar of Berkeley 2d. To the young man of Peter de
\Vaunchau6d. To the Nephew of Master H. de Bilesby 2s.

1 Probably a gift or payment of money or food.

2 Ruding, Annals of the Coinage, p. II, ed. iii , gives the ratio of
value of gold to silver as 1 to 9 in 1105, 1156, 1207 and 1226 ; 1 to g^fc '"
1257; and 1 to 10 in 1230 and 1278. The figures are derived from the
fineness of the metals in the coinage, and the ratio current in business
transactions would no doubt vary from this. The transactions mentioned
in the accounts— " in auro— pondus V sol XXXVs. VW." would give
a ratio of only 1 to 7^.

2i6 Transactions for the Year 1899.

In expenses of Brother Roger to Tintern 3d. To a certain
yonng man sent with letters to the Abbot of Waverley iod.
To a young man of Tintern who brought salmon 3d.

Column II.

Receipts from Christmas term: — (The items of rents) 18
in number, are for the most part missing owing to the ruinous
state of the parchment.) The sum of all the rents is
£\ 16s. 6^d.

Receipts from other things : — From old stock sold at
Egge 22s. From Richard le Messor of Cherletun for entry
of land 2s. From relief of land Custaunce i6d. From the
Abbot of Malmesbury received for old sheep £9. From
Peter de Wike for sheep 20s. Sum £12 4s. io^d.
Sum of all receipts £i& 2s 4d.

Expenses from same term : — To Humphrey de La
B . . . 10s. To Cecile de Rocheford gs. 6d. For the
Lamp of Ozleworth 7s. To the Lady of Wotton 8d. To
Adam de Berkeley 27d. To William de Rocheford from
Christmas . . . From Easter term 18s. 4d. Sum 47s. gd.

Expenses in other things : — In 20 quarters of Oats bought
at H . . . 33s. 4d. In one cask of wine 55s. 2d. In a
horse 24s. In another at Haseld' 12s. To Master H. for
8 quarters of corn 8 quarters of oats 5 quarters of beans
62s. 2d. To Robert le Skay for corn viz. 15 quarters meslin
(i.e. wheat and rye mixed) g£- quarters of barley 45s. 2d.
To Henry de Cumb for one quarter of barley 28s. In 2
weys of cheese 16s. In cloth for the Abbot's use 20s.
To Dora Jordan le Warr 1 mark. In expenses of Robt. le
Veel to London 28s. To Richard of St. Augustine's 6s. 8d.
To Walter, Clerk of Cirencester 13s. 4d. In expenses of
the Abbot at Gloucester 31s. For pasture of Suthehay 8s.
For pasture at Northay 5s. To Roger Baret for pittance
from the ... of St. John Baptist to feast of St. George
... To Robert le Nevouz for pittance from Circumcision
of our Lord to the feast of S . . . In victuals of the

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 217

smiths from 1st Sunday after Epiphany to Easter . . .
To W. de Rocheford for his firewood (?) from Easter term i^d.
In an iron cross at Egge i2d. To the boy of Henry de
Durseley 3d. In expenses of Brother W. de Bristoll 6d.
To W. Dimmok and John de Sorstan . . . Cokyn (?)
(cokinus = an inferior servant) 4d. in 1 furur (?) for the head
for the use of . . . In expenses of W. Rop to Flexley.
/;; caudel parts faciend (?) {sic). In expenses of Brother H. de
Hortun at Bagge(stone) ... In expenses of the Abbot
to Waverley . . . To the young man Nonni I. de Tyng-
hurst . . . To the young man of Master H. de Bilesley
... In lead . . . To the young man of the Vicar of
Berkeley 3d. To the young man of Dom J. la Warr 6d.
In wax for the Charters 3d. To John de Framptun 5s. To
Henry de Cumb 2s. In expenses of the Abbot to Gloucester
and Tynterne 5s. In one acre of land for sowing bought yd.
To John de Sorstan at the schools i2d. In expenses of
Brother Waismer 5d. For tiling the house of W. de Roche-
ford 4d. In expenses of Brother Llewelin i6d. In expenses
of the Abbot to the Bishop 3s. io^d. For sewing belts 13d.
To the plaisterers at the new house 6d. To the Abbot for
alms i5id. To Bartholomew de Olepenne for his loss from
sheep bought by us 6s. 8d. In meat for the shepherds on
Shrove Tuesday i2d. (die Martis ante cap). To the com-
panion (?) (socius) of Peter de Waucham i8d. To the young
men of Peter de Waucham i8d. To John de Actun for
tiling the new house 4s. In expenses of Brother R. de
Cumb at Baggeston 3£d. In 30 lbs. of figs and 12 lbs. of
raisins 4s. In expenses of the Abbot to Cirencester 2s. io^d.
To the 2 beadles of Grumboldshof1 i8d. To the Abbot for
the use of John de Meysy 4W. To Philip the carpenter for
wages 3s. To the hoers i8d. To Hapulf 13d. To the
warrener of Tetbury 6d. To the beadle of Wallingford 6d.
To the messenger of the Lord Edward 4d. To 2 cokyns
(inferior servants, v. supra) 4<1. To the charcoal burner of

1 Grumbold's Ash. The beadles were officials of the Hundred called
by that name.

2i8 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Horsley gd. In 12 carcases of mutton 5s. To the cellarer
£\. To the sub-cellarer 40s. To . . . for an agreement
6s. 8d. Sum ^29 14s. 4^d.

All the next part to the foot of the second column is so
mutilated that it is impossible to decipher it. It is appar-
ently the account for Fish, — Herrings, Salmon, Ray, Conger,
Minnows and many other kinds being mentioned.

ON THE BACK OF THE PARCHMENT.

The Heading is missing and the items of the Rent
receipts are for the most part missing. The sum (of the
rents) is 34s. 5£d.

Receipts from other things : — From payment of wool at
Hockday ^"50.

Sum total £$\ 14s 5^d.

Expenses from the same term : — To the Prior of Lanton'
20s. To the Church of Wotton 10s. To Cecile de Roche-
ford 8s. 6d. To Humphrey de la Barre 10s. To William
de Rocheford . . . To Master H. de Billesby 15s. To
Adam de Berkeley . . . To the sister of Richard le
Nevouz for rent 6d. Sum 73s. 4d.

Also expenses in other things : — In one cask of wine for
use of the Abbot of Cirencester 4 marks 5d. Also in wine
5s. gd. In hay bought at Tortworth 20s. In hay at
Thornbury 40s. 4^d. In pasture in Wast' 2s. 6d. In
pasture in Sapertun 12s. In pasture in Styptun \ mark.
In pasture of lambs 6s. . . . 33s. 4d. for . . . ; . . . for
cheese 4s. . . . quarters of oats bought of R. de Skay
33s. 4d. . . . Rochford, for his oats from Easter term 6s.
. . . Wottun £25. The servants' wages at Hockday
£g 15s. 3d. . . . de Nevouz a gift 10s. To Dame
Katherine 2s. To Jordan de Aula i2d. In expenses of
Brother W. de Culcretun and Brother J. to Bath 6d. In
linen cloth 9d. In . . . pair of spurs 6^d. . . . Hosley
I2d. . . . de Olepenne I2d. . . . Tynterne 2s. . . .
of the Abbot i2d. . . . Wyk to London i2d. . . . 9d.

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 219

. . . to Oxford i£d. ... who brought two lamps 2d.
. . . Tynterne i8d. . . . the charcoal-burner from Easter
to Sunday feast of St. Philip and James 3s. . . . the
charcoal-burner for three weeks gd. ... by Richd. de
Cumb 2 id. To the young man of the Vicar of Berkeley 2d.
To one Hoer 3d. In the passage of Brother W. de Bisel'
2£d. In the monument of W. de Maunsel 3s. To John de
Actun for roofing the new house 4s. To the charcoal-burner
i2d. In expenses of the sub-prior to Bristol 3i-d. In the
King's writs i2d. To the King's messengers 6d. To the
Prior's nephew 6d. To the cheirographer 4s. To Richard
de Boilond 4s. To W. de Rocheford for leggings 2od. In
cloth for the use of R. de Veel 8s. 8d. To the boy of Elias
of Cumb 4d. To the boy of G. de Burtun 4d. In pigs
22s. 8d. In the Abbot's expenses in London 37s. To the
boy of Robert Wallrand 4d. To the Abbot for alms i2d.
To the Assarters 3s. Sd.1 In beer for the use of the Abbot at
Krtllicotte i3^d. In expenses of Brother R. de Cumb 3^d.
To the Esquire (?) of Mathew de Bisile i2d. To Thomas
Clerk of Besill for a cup bought 2s. In expenses of John
de Haseld' and his companions to London 5s. 7^d. In beer
for the use of the Abbot at Tetbury 4d. To John Hapulv
for 4 weeks 1 2d. To W. de Rocheforde in hand from
Midsummer 21s. To one dubbetot (? duthator) 2s. To the
stonecutters about the gate i2d. . . . 8d. In gifts i2d.
In the Abbot's expenses " ad dies amoris '"' at Gloucester 8s.
To the King's Messenger 4d. In eggs by Brother H. de
Tetbury 2s. i£d. In 12 gallons of wine 4s. In one
quarter of beef 2s. In the Abbot's expenses at Gloucester
8s. gd. To Robert de Nevouz from feast of St. George to
the feast of S.S. Gervase and Prokasins 2s. To Walter
de Wymbervile 4s. Sum ^"6o 15s. 2 Ad. with the Cellarers
and the sub-cellarers. . . .

(Here at the bottom of this column follows the fish
account, very mutilated.)

1 Assart = a woodland grubbed up for cultivation.

' Dies amoris -dies ad controversial! amice conferendam. — Du Cange.

220 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Column II. on Back.

Receipts from Midsummer term a.d. 1263 : — From rent
in "montan" in (? amount) 42s. 40!. From John le Blund
of Acton 3s. gd. From Walter Mahel for the whole year
2s. From rent of Osleworth 31s o£d. — owed to this gd.
From Bulcard 8s. From Pockhampton 5s. From rent of
Land de Skay 3s. 6d. From Yegte (?) ioAd. From Robert
de Buxwell 6d. From Thomas Jacob 2od. From Roger
Fforester i2d. Sum 71s. 3d.

Also receipts for other things : — From Brother W. de
Cnigt for pigs £8. From . . . dead 13s. 4d. . . . 41s.
. . . 7£ marks. In victuals . . . carpenter 10s. Sum
£12 3s. 4d.

Also from payment of wool at the feast of St. Peter ad
Vincula a.d. 125 — ^154 os. 4d.

Sum total of receipts ^"169 17s. nd.

Expenses for the same term : — To Cecile (de Roche)ford
15s. 6d. To William Hayrun 4od. To Adam de Berkeley
i8d. for 2 terms. To Dame Agnes de Kyngton 5s. To
Richard le Nevouz tor his rent 3s. 4d. For a meadow of
Tetbury 6s. 8d. Sum 35s. 4d.

Expenses in other things : — To the Lady of Wottun ^"25.
To John Giffard ^"10. In hay bought for use of the sheep
^22 18s. Also in hay for the Abbot's stable 5s. In hay
bought for the guests' stable and the carter 20s. Also in
hay bought from Badminton of R. le Veel 8s. In servants'
wages at Michaelmas £9 18s. 6d. In corn bought of W. le
Maunsel ^10 16s. 8d. In reaping at the Upper Grange
3s. 2M. In reaping at the Lower Grange 15s. oAd. In
reaping at Tetbury 6s. 3d. In cloth for Caps 60s. (Note no
account.) In cheese 17s. In one horse bought of P.
Caperun 40s. Also in another horse 20s. In one mare
bought of the granger of the Upper Grange 12s. 3d. In
another mare 12s. In one cask of wine at Bristol
bought 3s. Also in wine there I2d. Also in another
cask there 3s. Also in 12 gallons of wine there 2s.

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 221

Also in wine there 3s. In wine 22^d. Also in wine
at Tetbury 140!. Also in wine at Sodbury 22^d. In
cloth for use of J. the Priest (Vicar of Berkeley) 15s. In
fourteen crannocks of salt bought at Corsham 14s. 3^d.
For oats to W. de Rocheford 7s. 6d. To the same for his
firewood (? busca) 13d. For the house of W. de Rocheford
6s. To Nicholas de Culkertun for his pittance from the
feast of Purification to the feast of St. Mary Magdalene
2s. 3d. To Roger Baret for his pittance from the feast of
St. George to the feast of St. Calixtus 4s. To Robert le
Nevouz for his pittance from the feast of SS. Gervase and
Prothasius to the feast of St. Dionysius 4s. In expenses
of the Abbot to Bristol 6s. iojd. To the Prior for his
fishpond I2d. To Peter de Stabulo to London g^d. To
Brother W. de Margan 6d. In expenses of the Abbot at
Gloucester when he spoke with J. Giffard 5s. In harness
and hides for the use of Master H. 8s. yd. In meat 6d.
For a fine of our men at Culkerton 10s. To John de
Haseld' and his companion to London 2s. 2d. In expenses
of the Abbot to Tintern 6d. For eggs delivered to the
sub-cellarer i2d. In alms 3^d. To John Le D ... 2s.
To the Esquire (? Scutario) of Master H. i2d. To Peter
who was at the Abbot's stable I2d. For eggs delivered to
the sub-cellarer and his young man 22d. To the cellarer's
brother 2s. To the Abbot for alms 2s. Item in eggs nd.
In expenses of R. de Cumb to Bristol i3£d. In mowing of
the land Bulcard 33d. To the Abbot going to the Chapter
2s. In one ptce (?) for the use of I. priest . . . i8d. To
William le May to Wa . . . i2d. In tithes of sheep at
. . . 2s. In tithes of sheep at . . . 2s. In tithes of
sheep at ... for 2 years 4s. To John Hapulf 8d. To
a certain workman 6d. To John de Cha . . . of a certain
meadow 6d. To a servant ... for victuals 4d.
(The rest much too mutilated to translate.)

222 Transactions for the Year 1899.

No. XXVI.

Imperfect at Top.

In expenses of the Abbot going to Tintern 8d. In
leather for making belts i6d. In " alimel " (= lamine =
blade of a knife or sword, v. Roquefort) 2s. In expenses
of Brother S. going to Charthuse (?) 3d. In parchment
bought for use of R. de Chirechesdun 3d. In firewood (?)
W. De Rocheford 13d. In one bridle for the use of the
Abbot 2s. In spurs 3^d. In girdles nd. In physic of the
Monk of Elemos (Almshouse ?) 8d. The King's messenger
Gd. To the clerk of Siptune 6d. In four gallons of wine 4s.
To the cellarer £6 10s. To the sub-cellarer 20s. Sum
^83 19s 8*d.

In 200 herrings two fresh salmon and eels bought
against the arrival of the under-sheriff 6s. In 400 herrings

2 pike 250 herrings us. 5d. In 9 hake 1 milvin 200
herrings 400 barun = (fish) 5s. 8|d. In 500 herrings 3
milvin 3 hake 1 fresh conger and minnows us. 3^d. In
600 herrings 10 fresh milvin 10 fresh hake 12 bren = bream
one pot of raye 22s. $d. In 18 conger 500 herrings 300
mackerel 7 milvin 15 haddock 20s. 5d. In 1 pike and
minnows . . . herrings 3 hake 20s. njd. In fresh hake

3 salted conger 24 bren = bream 1 fresh milvin us. id.
In 29 hake half a bundle of herrings 20 salted salmon
. . . fresh mackerel 14s. 8d. In 30 hake powdered and one
hake fresh 4 milvin 4 conger 15 hake 18s. 5d. In 30 salted
conger 2 bundles of herrings 22s. id. In 12 fresh conger
and 4 salted conger 1 bundle of white herrings 500 red
herrings 3 fresh milvin 14s. 7d. In 62 conger salted 12
fresh milvin 16 fresh hake 36s. gd. In 1000 red herrings
3 bundles of white herrings 6 bundles of pilchards 61 hake
25s. 3d. Sum of all the fish £11 13s. 2d. Sum total of
expenses ^202 8s. 6d. And expenses exceed receipts
£l5 5S. 4d-

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 223

2nd column.
Imperfect at the Top.

In 1 sum of conger and haddock 5s. 6d. In 1 sum
of raye and 1 sum of conger 7s. iod. In vino ?
(? alive) 17 conger and 8 milvin us. In 1 bundle of
herrings 2 fresh conger 13 powdered conger 8s. 6d. In
15 conger 20 milvin powdered ns. In 14 salmon 20 milvin
3 ling 6s. 6£d. In 1 bundle of herrings 20 milvin 2 conger
10s. 5d. In 20 milvin 2 conger 16 ling 8s. 8d. In | a 100
milvin, £ a 100 ling 35s. Sum of all the fish £15 6s. 4d.
Sum of all the expenses £$\ 12s. iod. And expenses exceed
the receipts by ^36 10s. 6d.

In 9 conger salted 8 milvin 5s. iod. In 2 quantities
of fish 16 salted conger 24 milvin and ling 8s. 3d. In
15 conger salted 20 milvin and ling 4 hake gs. iod. In
15 conger 63 milvin and ling us. 6d. In 30 milvin 30 ling
and herrings 8s. gd. In 40 milvin and ling and one quantity
of fresh conger and plaice 13s. 2^d. In 6 powdered conger

6 milvin and ling 5s. nd. In 7 powdered conger 12 plaice

7 fresh milvin half a hundred mackerel 10s 7^d. In 100
mackerel 42 milvin and ling 10s. 7d. In 4 fresh conger
half a hundred mackerel 30 ling 24 milvin and ling 16s 4^d.
In one salmon at Gloucester 3s. 7d. To the Cellarer £3 10s.
To the sub-cellarer 56s. Sum of all the fish ^16 15s. 2d.
Sum total of expenses £%! 6s. 4£d. And expense exceeds
receipts ^"29 us. nd.

In 20 conger 1 bundle of senderlings 13s. In 28 conger
200 herrings 10 cheeses (?) us. 6d. In £ quantity of
senderlings and £ quantity of conger 7s. In 1 bundle of
senderlings 5 conger 4s. 7d. In £ bundle of herrings 4
conger 4s. 8d. In 8 hake 5 fresh conger 5 salted conger
100 herrings 8s. 4d. In 27 hake 30 salmon 10s. 8d. In one
bundle and a half and 1000 pilchards 30 hake 19s. ud.
Sum of all the fish £ti is. 3d. Sum of all the expenses
/"158 us. 8d. And the receipts exceed the expenses
£11 6s. 3d.

224 Transactions for the Year 1899.

No. XXVII.

To all the faithful of Christ to whom this present writing
shall come. Maurice de Berkeley son and heir of Dom
Thomas de Berkeley greeting eternal in the Lord. Know
ye that I have granted and given and released and for me
and my heirs for ever have quitclaimed to the religious
men the Abbot and Convent of Kyngeswode all right and
claim which I had or in any way can have in a certain
annual rent of ten pence issuing from his lands at La
Egge within the manor of Symundeshalle which lands
indeed the said religious men have sometime held of the
grants of the late Thomas de Berkele uncle of the aforesaid
Dom. Thomas my father.

I have given also granted remised and for me and my
heirs for ever quitclaimed to the above-mentioned religious
men a certain rent of the Capons issuing from the lands
which the said religious men have sometime held in the
Ville of Pokhampton within my manor of Hyneton1 of
the gift of the late Robert de Berkeley brother of the late
Dom. Thomas, grandfather of Dom. Thomas, my father.

To hold and to have all the aforesaid rents with
appurtenances by name of perpetual exchange to the said
religious men and their successors from me and my heirs
freely and quietly for ever. So that neither I nor my heirs
nor any other in our name shall be able to exact or claim
any right or claim in the aforesaid rents or in any of their
appurtenances for ever but that the said religious men may
possess the said rents with their appurtenances issuing from
the aforesaid lands and may for ever enjoy the same rents
for ever as free pure and perpetual alms more freely and
purely to be held and considered for ever. I have granted
also for me and my heirs to the aforesaid religious men and
their successors that whenever it shall please them to remove
their conduit of water from our park of Hawe within which
park it lay on the day of the making of this writing enclosed,

1 Hinton in Berkeley.

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 225

to another competent place elsewhere outside the park,
we will cause to be dug and uncovered their said conduit
at our own expense, and in another place outside our said
park as far as that park extends and forty perches beyond,
wherever they like, and where it shall be agreeable to the
same religious men, to place the conduit more conveniently
and more directly without contradiction or impediment of
any one in as good a condition or better as it now lies in,
together with the house at the aforesaid conduit to be
repaired cleaned and examined as often as it shall be
necessary and as they shall wish, notice however having
been given of a month or three weeks at least concerning
the removal of the said conduit. And after that the aforesaid
conduit as is aforesaid, has been removed we and our heirs
will warrant the same to the said religious men and their
successors beyond our lands and the lands of our men
children or servants as far, that is to say, as our said park
extends and forty perches more beyond as is aforesaid and
we will defend them from all hardships hindrances and
claims whatever, which may be laid on them by our said
men or any of our bailiffs by occasion of the said conduit.
So however, as all men on whose lands the said conduit
may happen to lie may be able to plough and sow freely
and be preserved unharmed. In witness whereof I have
appended my seal to the present writing. Witnesses
Dom Nicholas son of Ralph, John de Sancto Laudo,
Thomas de Berkeley son of Dom Thomas de Berkeley,
William de Wautone, knights; Robert de Bradeston,
Henry de Camme, Thomas de Swanhungre, and others.

No. XXVIII.

Let present and future know that I Nigel de Kyngescote
for God and the salvation of my soul and the souls of
Petronella my wife and of Walter de Mortone have given
and granted and by this my present charter confirmed to
God and the Church of the Blessed Mary of Kyngeswode
and to the Monks there serving God in pure and perpetual

Vol. XXII.

226 Transactions for the Year 1899.

alms, one acre of my land on the field of Nywenton, and
one head of it abuts on the road leading to Callicote
towards Kyngeswode, and the other on the pit where the
said Monks are accustomed to water their cattle. To
hold and to have the said acre with its appurtenances to
the said Monks and their successors from me and my heirs
for ever, freely and quietly, well and in peace, wholly and
honorably, and in all things and in all places as pure and
perpetual alms. But I and my heirs will warrant the said
acre with all its appurtenances to the said Monks and their
successors for ever. And because I wish that this my grant
and alms may remain ratified and stable I have appended
to this writing my seal. Witnesses William de Lasseberg,
Thomas de Rocheford, Peter du Ywele, Elias du Cumbe,
Geoffrey Caperun, and others.

No. XXIX.

In the year of our Lord 1280 on the feast of St. Mark,
Evangelist, it was so agreed between the religious men the
Abbot and Convent of Kyngeswode on the one part, and
Brother Adam, Prior of the Hospital of St. Bartholomew
Gloucester and the Brethren of the same place on the other
part, that the said Abbot and Convent have given and for
them and their successors have leased and granted to the
said Prior and the Brethren aforesaid five acres of land
with appurtenances, whereof an acre and half lie at Acche-
cumbe towards Olepenne namely between the wood of the
said Prior and Brethren of Lotegareshale, and the land of
Robert de Benecumbe at the head of which acre lies another
half-acre on the south side between the land of the aforesaid
Brethren on the east side and the land of William de Tette-
penne on the west side And one ferendel {i.e. £ of an acre)
of land lies between the land of William de Tettepenne on
the north side and the land pertaining to the Church of
Symondeshale on the south side and abuts on the road of
Wodewelle to the west And a half acre and a ferendel of
land lie between the land of the Lord of Olepenne on the

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 227

south side, and the land pertaining to the Church aforesaid
on the north side, and abuts on the aforesaid road of Wode-
welle on the west side And one acre lies between the land
of Gilbert Clappe of Newenton on the north side, and the
land of Gilbert Holcroft of Symondeshale on the south side,
and abuts on the road which is called Stondingeston on the
west, and on the land of the aforesaid Gilbert on the east.
And a ferendel lies between the land of the said Gilbert
Holcroft on the south, and the land of Wm. de Tedepenne on
the north, and abuts on the wall of Tedepenne on the east.
And one ferendel of land lies between the land of the Lord of
Olepenne on the east, and the land of Adam de Tedepenne
on the west, and abuts on the hedge of the aforesaid Adam
on the north, and on the land of Walter le Southurne of
Baggepath on the south. And a half acre lies between the
land of the said Brethren of St. Bartholomew on the north,
and the land of the Rector of the Church of Newenton on
the south, and abuts on the road to Tetbury westward, and to
the land of Wm. de Tedepenne on the east. To have and to
hold the said five acres of land to the aforesaid Prior and
his said Brethren and their successors freely and quietly
well and in peace from the aforesaid religious men for ever.

But for this grant, lease, and concession, the said Prior
and his Brethren abovesaid have given and for themselves
and their successors have leased and granted to the said
Abbot and their successors in name of a perpetual exchange
live acres of their land whereof three acres lie in the south
field of Caldecote, between the land of the Lord of Newentun
on the south side, and the land of William de Tedepenne
abutting on the road from Cottenhulle on the north side.
And one acre lies between the land of Walter Petyth on
either side abutting on to the muleweye towards the west,
and on to the land of the said Abbot and Convent on the
east. And one acre lies between the land of Andrew Miller,
and the land of John Richer de Kyngescot, and abuts on the
land of the same Abbot and Convent to the north, and on
the Bath road to the south.

228 Transactions for the Year 1899.

To hold and to have the said five acres of land with
appurtenances to the said Abbot and Convent and their
successors freely quietly well and in peace from the said
Prior and the Brethren of the same place and their suc-
cessors for ever. But the said Abbot and Convent for
themselves and their successors, to the Prior and Brethren
of the same place and their successors, as also the said Prior
and Brethren for themselves and their successors, to the
same Abbot and Convent and their successors, will warrant
acquit and defend for ever the aforesaid lands with their
appurtenances thus alternately exchanged. And if it should
happen that the above mentioned parties shall be unable to
alternately warrant the aforesaid lands with their appur-
tenances as is aforesaid, or if they shall be hindered by royal
or chief Lords, or by any other, in reason whereby the said
exchange, as is described above, cannot hold, it may be
lawful for both parties to revert to their own lands as they
were before the exchange and to hold them as they had
them before without any claim or contradiction of the parties
predecessors or successors In witness whereof the above
named parties have appended their seals alternately to this
hand-written deed. Given in the Monastery of Kyngeswod
in the year and day above mentioned.

No. XXX.

In the year of our Lord 1280 on the feast of St. Michael
it was thus agreed between the religious men the Abbot and
Convent of Kyngeswode on the one part, and Thomas de
Haselcote son and heir of the late Richard de Haselcote on
the other part, namely that the aforesaid Abbot and Convent
have given and for themselves and their successors have
leased and granted unto the aforesaid Thomas two acres
and a ferendel of land with appurtenances in the fields of
Kyngescote, whereof three ferendels lie in the vale of
Kyngescote along the land of the Rector of Beverston
Church on one side, and on the other, near the land of
William son of the late Richard and Amice de Kyngescote,

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 229

and one acre is called Blakenaker in the same field King
between the land of Nigel son of the late Richard Lord of
Kyngescote on the east and the land of the late Henry de
Mathcumbe on the north, and one half acre lies in the same
field between the land of the said Thomas on either side,
namely between the Croft and meadow of the same. To
have and to hold the said two acres with the abovesaid
ferendel to the aforesaid Thomas and his heirs or assigns
freely quietly well and in peace from the aforesaid religious
men for ever. But for this grant, lease, and concession, the
said Thomas has given and for himself and his heirs or
assigns has leased and granted to the aforesaid religious men
and their successors by name of an exchange two acres and
a half of land in the field of Newyntun, whereof one acre
lies at the Wynch of the said religious men, between the
lands of the same on either side. And the other lies in the
cultivated land of Popethorn, between the land of the late
Andrew Muller on the east, and the land of the above-named
Thomas on the west, and half an acre lies at Fiscleshole
between the land of the late John Richard on the east, and
the land of the aforesaid monks on the north. To have and
to hold the aforesaid two acres and a half of land with
appurtenances to the aforesaid religious men and their
successors freely quietly well and in peace from the aforesaid
Thomas and his heirs for ever. But the said religious men
for themselves and their successors to the often-mentioned
Thomas and his heirs or assigns, and the aforesaid Thomas
for himself and his heirs to the same religious men, will
warrant acquit and defend the aforesaid lands with their
appurtenances mutually exchanged in the above-mentioned
manner for ever. And if it should happen that the above-
named parties are unable mutually to warrant the aforesaid
lands with their appurtenances as is aforesaid or even should
be reasonably hindered by royal or chief lords or by any
others wdiereby the said exchange as is described above
cannot hold, it may be lawful for either party to revert to
their own lands as they were before the exchange and to

230 Transactions for the Year 1899.

hold them as they held them before, without any claim or
contradiction of the parties or of their successors or heirs.
In witness whereof the often-mentioned have mutually
appended their seals to this manuscript writing.

Given on the year and day above mentioned in the
Grange of the said Monks of Caldecote.

No. XXXI.

In the 10th year of the reign of King Edward on the day
of St. Cyricus and St. Julita (16th June) it was thus agreed
between the Abbot and Convent of Kyngeswod on the one
part, and Henry Passelewe of Rodmarton on the other,
namely that the Abbot and Convent have leased and for
themselves and their successors have granted to the said
Henry for term of his life four acres of land in the field of
Rodmarton which indeed they had by grant of the late
William de Rodmarton, called Le Knyth. Whereof, to wit,
two acres lie in the north field at La Seyorthforlong between
the lands of John Brachel on the south side, and the lands
belonging to the lamp of St. Mary in the Abbey of Cyren-
cester on the north side, and two acres lie in the south field
between the lands of John Brachel on the east, and the lands
of Richard In la Lane on the west, and extend on to the wall
lying near the road from Rodmarton towards Bristol. To
have and to hold the said four acres with all their appur-
tenances to the said Henry for term of his life from the said
Abbot and Convent freely quietly well and in peace. So that
after term of life of the said Henry, the said four acres,
without hindrance from the heirs of the said Henry, shall
return peaceably to the said Abbot and Convent, excepting
however the crop of the aforesaid land if it should be at
that time sown, to the heirs or assigns of the said Henry.
And that this agreement may remain ratified and stable all
the aforesaid term the parties have mutually appended their
seals on the chirographic writing.

Witnesses John le Bruth Lord of Weston, Philip de la

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 231

Hulla of Snyptone, William, Lord of Rodmarton, James

Folyoth, Henry Constaunce, Henry le Feeman, and

others. (1282.)

No. XXXII.

Let present and future know that I Henry Passelewe
of Rodmerton for God and the salvation of my soul have
given granted and by this present charter have confirmed
to God and the Church of St. Mary of Kyngeswude and
the Monks there serving God in pure free and perpetual
alms three acres and a half of arable land in the field of
Culcretun, whereof two acres extend on to Stonhulle and
lie between the land of the said Abbot and convent on
the north, and the land of Richard Launcing on the south,
and one half acre at La Butine lies between the land of
the late Walter Bernard on the south, and the land of
the late Walter Suth on the north, and another half acre
is at Smalthorne, and lies between the land of the said
Abbot and Convent on the west, and the land of the late
John Suth on the east, and one half acre is in the same
furlong and lies between the land of the late Walter Suth
on the west, and the land, of the late Henry Peris on the east.
To hold and to have the said three acres and a half with all
their appurtenances to the said Abbot and Convent and
their successors and to the said Church of Kyngeswude
from me and my heirs freely quietly well and in peace
as pure and perpetual alms as far as pertains to me. So
that they never be answerable to any man for the same,
but to God alone in prayers, saving one penny payable
yearly on the feast of St. John Baptist to Roger Le Freman
of Culcretun and his heirs for all services, secular exaction,
or demands. And I Henry and my heirs will warrant acquit
and defend by the said service the said 3 acres and a half
with all their appurtenances to the said Monks and their
successors against all mortals for ever. And that this my
gift grant and confirmation of my present charter may
be ratified and stable for ever I have appended my seal
to this writing.

232 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Witnesses John de Hamekyntone, Elias Kokerel, William
de Rodmertun, Roger de Bley, James Folioth, John Neel,
Roger de Lonwesmere, and others.

No. XXXIII.

Account of Brother William de Cumb, Warden of the
Grange of Charteshull, of Baggestone, of Hull, of Aldrinctun,
at Christmas 1289.

And received £"8 10s. gd. for 18 oxen. Also received
30s. for 4 cows. Also received 69s. for 16 stone of wool.
Also received 36s. for 24 sheep. Also received 8s. for a
Bull. Also received i8d. for 5 calves. Also received for
1 stone of cheese 8s. Also received i8d. for 3 casks of
butter. Also received 6s. for 10 horse skins. ^"17 14s. gd.

Then in 19 oxen £\o 6s. iod. Also in 4 Cows 15s. 2d.
Also in 4 bullocks 12s. Also in 1 heifer 4s. Also in
24 sheep 48s. Also in 42 ewes 42s. Also in Hay 24s.
Also to the sub-cellarer nd. Also in my expenses and my
gifts thro' the autumn to the Monks 3s. 6d. Also in wages
for Hibrdun 3s. Also in increase of wages for Kele iod*
Also in wages for E. Nereford 2od. Also in wages for
E. de Sti . . usenton 3s. Also in table for the lay-brothers
4s. 6d. Also in pittances for servants against Christmas
and against the feast of Pancras 3s. 3d. The expenses
exceed the receipts at Chartishull by 27s. iod. In the
year 89.

Oxen at Ch(ertishull) 16 at Baggestone 13 at Hull 7 —
price for each 13s. 4d. Sum ^24 13s. 4d.

At Alarintun. — Oxen 8 price each 10s. Sum £\.
Cows 22 price each 5s. Sum 4os(?). Two bulls price 10s.
1 bullock of 3 year's price 6s. 8d. And 3 . . . 7 price 28s.
Bullocks of 2 years 2 male and i female price 6s. Bullocks
over a year 5 remaining price 5s. Calves 5 price 3s. 4d.
Mares 5 price 45s. Brood mares 9 price 9s. Sheep 90
price £\ 5s. Lambs 20 price 10s. Total price dues being
extracted ^44 14s. 4d.

State of Baggestone. — Oxen 11, and bullocks 2, cows for

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 233

the yoke 4, bull 1, bullocks 7 of 4 years, bullock male 1 of
3 years, bullocks male 3 of 2 years, female 1 of 2 years,
and female 1 of 1 year, heifers 2.

State of Charteshull. — Oxen 14, and bullocks, 2 yoke cows
17, bull 1, bullocks male 2 of 2 years, female 1 of 1 year,
calves 3 — 2 male and 1 female, heifer 1.

State of Hull. — Oxen 7, bullock 1, yoke cows 2, bullocks
3 of 2 years, bullock 1 of 1 year, calves 2, heifers 2.

State of Aldrinctun. — Oxen 8, 1 cow at the sheephouse,.
1 cow at the cowhouse, 1 calf.

on the back.

Account of Brother William de Cumb of the Grange
of Charteshull, of Baggestone, of Hull, of Aldrinctun, in
the year of our Lord 1288.

Items. — Received from 7 oxen of his own sold 60 (£5).
and 12s. Received also from 1 heifer of his own sold 6s. 6d.
Also from 7 oxen "horned"1 51s. 7d. Also from 7 cows
sold 38s. gd. (41s., sic). Also from 2 heifers 15s. 6d. Also
received from 8 calves sold 4s. Also received from 4 pigs 8s.
Also received from 2 brood mares 4s. Also received from
1 wey of cheese 8s Also from 4 casks of butter i6d.
Also from 4 cowskins and from 1 oxskin of 2 years and

1 calfskin . . . Also received from 4 mareskins 5s. 6d.
Also from 8 stone of wool 32s. Sum /13 13s. gd.

Then in 2 mares bought 16s. Also in 4 oxen bought
44s. 6d. Also in 8 oxen bought for fattening 31s. gd. Also
m 3 (? 5) cows bought for calving 22s. gd. Also in 5 cows
bought for fattening 22s. 4d. Also in 1 bullock of 3
years 4s. 4d. Also in 3 bullocks, 1 of 3 years, and 1 of

2 years, and 1 of 1 year, 6s. (? 8s.) Also in 3 heifers
2 for fattening and 1 for calving 10s. 6d. Also in four

1 Crochunct. I have suggested horned from the old Latin word
crocha, a hook; but perhaps the old French word crochere— joug,
— " morceau de bois courbe' du Ton attache les boeufs" [s.v. yoke)
(Roquefort's glossary) — is the foundation of the word. Hence the
meaning yoke oxen. But I have given in other parts yoke oxen as
the equivalent of boves adjuncti (conf. Du Gange).

234 Transactions for the Year 1899.

pigs bought 6s. Also in 20 sheep and 31 ewes 61s. 8d.
Also in servants' wages in various places 34s. 4d. Also
in table of lay Brothers 4s. 2d. Also in " Colurs " 2d.
Also in "Beches" 4d. Also in gifts to servants 6d. Also
to Robert de Yet i2d. Also to the sub-cellarer i2d. Also
for the meadow of . . . vel 3s. 6d. Also in my expenses
in the Autumn and in gifts throughout the Grange 3s. 2d.
Also in wages for Hebed 2s. 4d. Also in wages for Nereferd
2s. 6d. Also for Monks and sick lay brothers and in my
expenses throughout the place 2s. gd. Also in rents 5s. 6d.
Sum ^"14 7s. 4d. (?i5s. 7d.) And the expenses exceed
the receipts 21s. 7^d.

Memorandum of 3 mares dead at Baggestone and of

1 cow dead at Charteshull and of 2 bullocks of 2 years
and of 1 calf the same. Also memorandum of 3 cows
delivered for the Larder.

State of Charteshull &c. at Christmas 1288. — Charteshull
12 oxen, Baggestone 11 oxen, Hull 7 oxen, Aldrincton 7 oxen,

2 bulls price 8s. 24 cows, namely at Charteshul 14, at
Baggeston 6, at Hull 2, at the sheephouse 2. Bullocks of

3 years 7 — namely at Baggeston 3, at Charteshul 2, at
Hull 2. Heifers of 3 years 7, bullocks of 1 year 4, and
heifers of 1 year calves 5, mares 6, brood mares at Bagge-
stone 19, ewes 31, sheep 20. Bullocks of 3 years 2.

These are the debtors of Brother W. de Cumbe at

Christmas 1288: — Walter Wytink and Henry de Bredebrug'

32s. — and Walter Cook 12s. 2d. and his brother " con-

versus " swineherd with Master John C ... 9s. A lay

brother of Charteshul 12s. William Kniht of Hull 12s. 6d.

Robert Sale 16s. Cristina de Cumb 3s. William de Brug-

geaunt 3s.

No. XXXIV.

Let present and future know that I Ralph Mucator of
Solbir (Sodbury) for God and the salvation of my soul have
given granted and by the present charter confirmed to God
and the Church of the Blessed Mary of Kyngeswode and to
the monks there serving God in perpetual and free alms that

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 235

burgage with all its appurtenances in the borough of Solbir,
which lies between the land of Walter son of Nicholas,
Clerk on the west side near the bridge which is towards
the house which was Ralph de Rupe's on one side, and
that bank which flows into in the fishpond from the said
bridge on the other side in the same vill. To have and
to hold the same burgage with all its appurtenances and
liberties and free customs pertaining to the aforesaid land,
to the said monks and their successors freely and quietly,
wholly and honorably, well and in peace, for ever. Paying
for it annually to me and my heirs on the feast of St. Michael
one pair of gloves of the price of one penny for all services,
suits of court, and hundreds, and all secular demands.
But I and my heirs will warrant to the said monks and
their successors, and to the said Church of Kyngeswod,
the aforesaid land with all appurtenances and before-named
liberties against all mortals and will acquit them of all
services which may issue from the same for ever. And
that this my grant and concession may remain ratified
and stable. I have appended my seal to this writing.
Witnesses John de Actune, William de Frompton, Adam
Pistor, Benedict de Dodintun, Thomas Carpenter, Henry
Bunz, Henry Cokhil, and others.

No. XXXV.

Let present and future know that I Jordan de Budeford
for God, and the safety of my soul, have granted and by the
present charter have confirmed to God and the Church of
the Blessed Mary of Kyngeswode and the monks there
serving God in pure and perpetual alms the grant of
Geoffrey de Budeford my father by his charter confirmed
to the said monks containing these words: "Let present
and future know that I Geoffrey de Budeford for love of
God and for the salvation of my soul have given and
granted to the monks of Kyngeswud in pure and perpetual
alms, one cartload of hay from my meadow of Auckesbury.1

1 Hawkesbury.

236 Transactions for the Year 1899.

So forsooth that when I or my heirs have made hay of our
meadow and wish to carry our hay, the aforesaid monks
by their servants shall come with one cart, and fill that
cart with our better hay, and take it with them whither
they wish. This aforesaid gift I have granted and given
to the aforesaid monks of Kyngeswud with the consent
of my heirs for love of God to be received from me or my
heirs every year for ever. And I and my heirs will make
known each year to the aforesaid monks when we wish to
carry the hay of my meadow, that they may come and
receive their hay. And let it be known, that though our
meadow which we have for the time, be turned into arable
land the aforesaid monks shall receive the rent of hay in
the better place in which we have a meadow." Wherefore
I Jordan de Budeford wish and grant for me and my heirs
and confirm that the aforesaid monks may receive freely
every year the aforesaid cartload of hay, as by the grant
of Geoffrey my father was aforesaid. And that the afore-
said charter may obtain strength of confirmation I and my
heirs will warrant and defend the said gift to the said monks
for ever, against all men and women. And that this my
confirmation may remain ratified and stable I have
appended my seal to the present writing. Witnesses Dom
William Le Maunsel, John De Waunton, Robert le Veel,
Knights ; Elias de Cumbe, Yvo de Cumbe, Thomas le Archer,
Richard de Colewiohe, and others.

No. XXXVI.

In the year of our Lord 1302 on the feast of St. Michael
it was thus agreed between the religious men the Abbot and
Convent of Kyngeswode on the one part, and Laurence de
Brome on the other, namely that the aforesaid Laurence by
consent and wish of Agnes his wife has given and for himself
and his heirs has leased and granted to the said Abbot and
Convent and their successors twelve acres and a half and a
ferendel of his land with appurtenances lying in the fields
of Caldecote in various parcels, of which forsooth certain

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 237

portions lie in the North field, namely one portion near
La Leyhtonacre on the south part, and two other portions
whereof one lies in the eastern part of the land of the
Lord of Lasseberewe, and the other in the west part of the
same land. And one portion lies near Le Homelonde in the
south part. And on two other portions Hyldebrondesslad
extends. And one portion lies at Wowelande near the land
of the aforesaid religious men, which they sometime held
from Walter Petyt in exchange, in the western part And
one portion lies on Slepareshulle abutting on the path
leading from Caldecote towards Kyngescote from the land
of the then Lady of Newenton. And one portion lies at
Haselgrovethornes stretching one head on Le Rugweye and
another on the Lower Haycroft. But other portions lie in
the South field whereof forsooth one lies at the Tumbrell of
the said religious men, near the land of the same, abutting
one head to the north another to the south And a second
lies against Godescroft stretching one head from the western
part on to the path leading from Newynton towards Calde-
cote. And a third portion lies at Popethorne which is called
Gorbrodelond. And a fourth portion lies at Slauhterslade which
similarly is called Gorbrodelond, and abuts from the west on
to the Kings Street, leading towards Bath. To have and to
hold the said twelve acres and a half and one ferendel of
land to the said Abbot and Convent and their successors
freely quietly well and in peace from the chief Lords of the
fee for ever. But for this gift, lease, and grant, the said
Abbot and Convent have given and for themselves and their
successors have leased, and granted, to the aforesaid Laurence
and his heirs by name of exchange, twelve acres and a half
and one ferendel of land with appurtenances in the North
and South fields of Baggepath lying also in various parcels,
of which certain portions indeed lie in the South field of
Baggepath, namely between Baggepath and Yrcumbe. One
portion lies in Stepforlong extending towards the north on
Hungersforlong And a second portion lies in the same
Stepforlong, extending like the other northward, which

238 Transactions for the Year 1899.

portions indeed, an acre of someone else's separates. And
one portion lies in Hungersforlong, stretching one head
towards Baggepath, and another towards the meadow of
Newenton. And one portion lies in Brokeleyesflad so called.
And one portion lies in another field of Baggepath, namely in
the furlong at Fragnum, extending on the vill of Baggepath,
And one portion lies in Hosmareleyeclive, in a third field of
Baggepath, namely under the same vill between the land of
the aforesaid Laurence on both sides extending northwards
on to the croft of the aforesaid Laurence. And another
portion lies on the croft of the aforesaid Laurence at
Tonewelle. And one portion lies in the same field under two
crofts of the same Laurence lengthwise at the aforesaid
Tonewelle. To have and to hold the aforesaid twelve acres
and a half and a ferendel of land with appurtenances, to
the aforesaid Laurence and his heirs or assigns freely quietly
well and in peace from the chief Lords of the fee for ever.
Moreover the said Abbot and Convent for themselves and
their successors, to the said Laurence and his heirs or
assigns, as also the said Laurence for himself and his heirs,
to the aforesaid religious men and their successors, will
warrant acquit and defend for ever all the said lands with
their appurtenances mutually exchanged in the manner
above-mentioned. And if it should happen that the afore-
said parties should be reasonably hindered by the royal or
chief Lords or others, whereby the said exchange as is set
forth above, cannot hold, let it be lawful for either party to
revert to their own lands as they were before the exchange,
and as they before held them, without any claim or contradic-
tion of the parties or their heirs. In witness whereof the
often-named parties have mutually appended their seals to
this chirograph writing. Witnesses William de Dene Lord
of Lassebrewe, Nigel de Kyngescote, Walter Petyt, Thomas
de Haselcot, Robert Trylly, and many others.

Given in the Monastery of Kingswood on the year and
day above mentioned.

Cistercian* Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 239

No. XXXVII.

Petition to the King and the Council from the Abbot
and Convent of Kingswood for redress against John de
Anesleye who by coverture of the Lady of Chirinton whom
he had espoused, holds himself to be Lord of Chirinton and
in spite of a composition made of old time between the said
Abbey and the Lords Chirinton concerning certain common
of pasture, has erected a fence and enclosed part of the com-
mon to the serious grievance of the said Abbey and the
Abbey's sheep and cattle. Undated. Tern. E. III.

No. XXXVIII.

This indenture, made at Berkeley on Monday the Feast
of St. Mary Magdaline, in the twenty-seventh year of the
reign of Edward the third after the conquest, between
William brother and heir of Thomas de Swonhunger of
the one part, and John Seriaunt the younger of the other.
Witnesseth that the aforesaid William and John have made
the partition and division of all the tenements lands and
rents which they held in common on the day of the making
of these presents in the vill and hamlets of Ham, Cam,
Stinchcomb, Kingscote, and Haselcote, except the fishery in
Severn which is excepted from this partition, and will remain
in common, that the said William shall have and hold to him
and his heirs all the tenements, lands, and rents, in Kingscote
and Haselcote severally, that is to say five shillings of annual
rent to be taken from the land of William Thomas, and two
crofts called le Rocdecroftes in Kyngescote, and half a rod of
land in Haselcote. And the said John shall have and hold to
him for his whole life as tenant by the courtesy of England
in law the heritage of Joan daughter of the said John all the
tenements lands and rents and reversions in Ham, Cam, and
Stinchcomb, that is to say, the services and two shillings of
annual rent to be taken from the land of William son and
heir of John Passemir with wards marriages escheates and
all other appurtenances and eight shillings rent to be taken

240 Transactions for the Year 1899.

from the land of William Le Longe together with the

reversion of the fourth part of a rod of land after the death

of the said William as it sh.ill fall in Cam, and Stinchcomb,

and one parcel of meadow lying near the meadow called Le

Longemed in the vill of Ham. In witness whereof the

above-named parties have interchangeably put their seals

to these indentures. Witnesses John Capel, John Purlewent,

John Draicote, Stephen Kyneltre, and others.

These indentures written on the year and date above.

(July 22, 1353.)

No. XXXIX.

This is the covenant made at Berkeley the first day of
May in the year of King Edward the third after the conquest
the third, between John son of John de Swonhungre and
Alice his wife of the one part, and John son of John Le
Seriaunt and Joan his wife on the other part, daughter and
heir of Thomas de Stone, that is to say that John the son of
John de Swonhungre and Alice his wife have . . . and
released for themselves and for their heirs for ever to the
said John son of John le Seriaunt and Joan his wife, all their
right and claim which they had in all the messuages lands
and tenements in Olverstone, Netterstone, and Woodford,
which belong to them of the heritage of the aforesaid Thomas
de Stone as in messuages, lands, meadows, pastures, commons,
woods, fisheries, and rents, together with all the reversions of
all the tenements which the tenants hold for term of their
life, and the heriots and other profits arising from the said
tenants with all their appurtenances.

To have and to hold all the aforesaid messuages, lands,
tenements, meadows, pastures, commons, woods, fisheries, and
rents, together with all the reversions of all the tenements
which the tenants hold for term of their life, with the heriots
and other profits of the said tenants with all the appurte-
nances to the aforesaid John son of John Seriaunt and to Joan
his wife and to the heirs of the said John forever, without any
retention, except the rent of Thomas le Whyte together with
the reversion of the particular tenements which he holds in

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 241

Stone, and in Woodford, of the heritage aforesaid, as it shall
fall, of the chief Lordships of the fee by the rents and services
which pertain to the aforesaid tenements. And the aforesaid
John son of John le Seriaunt and Joan his wife will and grant
for themselves and the heirs of the said Joan, that they be
charged to perform their rents and services which pertained
to the chief Lordships of the tenements which the said
Thomas le Whyte holds in Stone and in Woodford. And
by this grant and release the aforesaid John son of John le
Seriaunt and Joan his wife have granted and released to the
aforesaid John son of John le Swonhungre and to Alice his
wife all their right and claim which they had in all the
messuages lands and tenements in Wanswell which belong
to them of the heritage of the aforesaid Thomas de Stone as
in lands meadows pastures commons woods fisheries rents
and reversions and all the appurtenances, except all the land
which lies in Burifeld, in Calchushull, Ricardescroft, and
fourteen acres of land in Wyndmullefeld, in all the meadow
in Longemede, and in Eghammore, together with forty
shillings rent issuing from a virgate (?) of land which
William de Swonhungre holds for term of his life, with the
reversion of the said " virgee " of land after the said William's
death in proportion as it shall fall with all the appurtenances.
To have and to hold all the aforesaid messuages lands and
tenements as in lands meadows pastures commons woods
fisheries rents and reversions with all the appurtenances
to the aforesaid John son of John de Swonhungre and to
Alice his wife and to the heirs of the said Alice for ever,
except all the land in Buryfield, Calcheshulle, Ricardescroft
fourteen acres of land in Wyndmullefeld, and all the meadow
of Longgemed, and in Eghammore, together with forty
shillings rent issuing from a " vergee " of land which
William de Swonhungre holds for term of his life, with
the reversion of the said "vergee" of land after the said
William's death as it shall fall then with all the appur-
tenances. The which lands meadows rents and reversions
with all the appurtenances shall remain to the aforesaid

17
Vol. XXII.

242 Transactions for the Year 1899.

John son of John le Seriaunt and Joan his wife and the heirs
of the said Joan for ever paying for them yearly to the chief
lordships ... for all services and demands. And the
aforesaid John son of John de Swonhungre and Alice his
wife will and grant for them and for the heirs of . . . which
to the chief lordships belong of all the land in Calchushulle,
Richardescroft, fourteen acres of land in Wyndmullefeld, and
'the whole meadow of Longgemede, and in Eghammore. So
nevertheless that all the land, rents, and reversions, which
Elyanora de Stone mother of the aforesaid Alice and Joan
held in Kyngescote, remain entirely to the aforesaid John
son of John de Swonhungre and Alice his wife and John son
of John le Seriaunt and Joan his wife and to the heirs of the
aforesaid Alice and Joan by reasonable portion for ever.
In witness whereof the seals of the parties are interchange-
ably put to this indenture. Witnesses John Capel, William
Capel, John Wynch, John de Egeton, Robert de Asshelworth,
William Gylemyre, Thomas de Crawlegh, and others.

Given at Berkeley on year and day above named.
(May 1, 1329.)

No. XL.

(Mutilated.)

Memorandum. — That Dom. Roger de Berkeley Lord of
Dursley gave to Thomas de Rocheford the manor of Osle-
worth by charter containing these words : " Let present
and future know that I Robert de Berkeleye have granted
and by this present charter confirmed to Thomas de
Rochefford, for his homage and service, the manor of
Osleworth. To have and to hold," &c.

Afterwards, Thomas de Rochefford granted to Henry de
Billesbi the same manor by his charter containing these
words : " Let present &c. know that I Thomas de Roche-
fford have granted ... all that tenement in Osleworth
with all right and lordship which falls or may fall to me
after the death of ... To hold and to have to the said
Henry and his heirs or assigns, or to whomsoever he may

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 243

assign or bequeath the same — with reliefs, wards and all
other escheats &c. — freely and quietly from all pleas,
complaints, aids, demands, and customs, &c. Paying for
it annually to me and my heirs one pair of gloves, or one
penny, at Easter for all services, suits, customs, and demand?,
excepting foreign service, pertaining to the aforesaid tene-
ment.

Afterwards Master Henry de Billesby gave the aforesaid
manor of Osleworth to the Abbot and Convent and Church
of the Blessed Mary of Kyngeswod. To have and to hold
by the same service altogether by which the said Master
Henry held it.

Afterwards the aforesaid William de Rochefford brother
and heir of Thomas de Rochefford confirmed the whole gift
of the said Henry of the said manor to the Abbey Convent
and Church of Kyngeswod in free pure and perpetual alms.
And as for him, so for his heirs, he remitted and quitclaimed
the annual rent of one pair of gloves of the value of one
penny, or one penny to the aforesaid Church Abbot and
Convent. To have and to hold the same as free pure and
perpetual alms for . . . customs and demands, saving
however foreign service.

Afterwards Dom. Henry de Berkeleye . . . confirmed
the said manor to God and the Church of the Blessed
Mary . . . free and quit of all services and customs
saving foreign service . . .

William de la Home gave to the Church . . . the
tenement of La Home with all its appurtenances in
free pure and perpetual alms which tenement the said
William de la Home (had from) Jordon de la Warre
Lord of Cnolle and his ancestors for the service of one
pound of pepper for all services. Which pound of pepper
the said Jordan has remitted, and confirmed the said
tenement of La Home from himself and his successors
in pure and perpetual alms to the said Church for ever.
Moreover Dom. John de Berkeley son and heir of Henry de
Berkeley has confirmed all the lands and possessions in free

244 Transactions for the Year 1899.

pure and perpetual alms which the same Abbot and Convent
have in the tenure of Newynton.

XLL

Account of the Cellarer of Bagg in the year of our
Lord 131 1 : — In purse namely 4s. 6d. And received of
42s. for two oxen sold. And of 16s. for one Bull sold. And of
6s. 6d. for 5 calves sold. And from 6s. 6d. for cheese sold.
Sum ^4 5s.

Then in 2 oxen bought 39s. 6d. And in hay bought 16s.
And in wages for cowherd 3s. 5d. And in pittance and gloves
6£d. And in geese bought 4s. Sum 63s. 5^d. And the
receipts exceed the expenditure 22s. 6Jd. Then for 12
oxen remaining in the last account and from 2 above
bought, sum 14s. Then in above sold 2 and remain 12
value 13s. 4d. Sum £&.

Also received from 12 cows remaining and from 1 yolk-
cow sum 13. Then in 1 killed and remain 12 value
per head 5s. Sum 60s. The same received from 1 bull
remaining and from 1 for the yoke sum 2 and 1 remains.
Value 6s. 8d. The same received for 3 yearlings and two
remain value 3s. each. Sum 6s. The same received from
one bullock remaining and a bull is added above and
nothing remains. The same received for 3 calves and
there remain now 1 male yearling and two female value 6s.
The same received from 1 female bullock (heifer) and is
added above. The same received from 1 bull remaining
and value remains as 9s. and 3 colts value returned xxs.
The same received from 7 calves from issue. Then in 5
above sold and in murrain one, and 2 remain value 2s.

And from one foal from issue . . . s.

Sum of the whole estate with what remains in purse

^14 8s. 2^d.

Hulle. — Also the account of the same for Hull and

there remains in purse 48s. 6£d. From 2 oxen sold and

i6d. from 1 calf sold sum 44s. iod. Sum £\ us. 33d.

Then in 2 oxen bought 44s. iod. And in increase of wages

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 245

6d. And in pittance and gloves 6£d. Sum 45s. io£d. And
in gifts 85s. 5d. Sum £\ us. 3^d. The same received
from 8 oxen remaining — value per head 13s. 4d. Sum
106s. 8d. The same from 2 cows value 13s. 4d. Also
1 heifer value 6s. 8d. The same received from 2 yearlings
value 4s. The same received from 2 mares remaining.
There is one with murrain and there remains 1 value 10s.
The same received from 1 colt (foal) remaining value 10s.
Sum of the whole estate £y 10s. 8d.
And from what remains in purse (= cash in hand) 56s. id.
The Account of the same from the Cowherd. — And received
from £6 10s. from 9 oxen sold. And from 20s. from 1 bull
sold. And from lis. 4d. from 8 calves sold. And from
48s. lod. from wool sold. And from £6 10s. from corn sold
in sheaf of Osleworth. And from 1 foal sold 10s. Sum
£21 6s. 3d. Then in n oxen bought £6 10s. 3d. And in
sheaf (corn) bought at Osleworth £6. Also 46s. 8d. for
the present year's tithes. And in 32 lambs 16s. And in
hay bought 18s. And in forage for the cowherd 6s. And
in wages for the Cowherd 2s. 8d. And in wages for the
cowherd's boy i2d. And in grease and tar 3s. iod. And
in gifts to various bailiffs 5s. And in my own expenses 10s.
And in pittances and geese (?) 8d. Sum ^"18 12s. id.
And the receipts exceed the expenditnre 54s. 2d. And for
1 Heriott " Tredelaz." The same received from 11 oxen
above bought of them 9 sold above. And in . 2s. . 2
and in 1 delivered at Culkerton and none remain. Sum
12 and 2. The same received from 17 cows remaining and
from 1 added1 (for yoke). Sum 18 of them — 2 killed for
the larder and 16 remain value 7s. Sum 112s. The same
received from 1 bull remaining and from 1 added sum
2. Of them in 1 sold above and 1 remains value 7s. The
same received from 2 mares q. sup. adjung' and nothing
remains. And received from 5 bullocks remaining and 1 as
a gift and there remain 2 male and 2 female value per head
4s. Sum 8s. Then in 8 sold above and 2 in murrain

1 Adjunct.

246 Transactions for the Year 1899.

sum 2. And 5 remain value i2d. each. Sum 5s. The same
received from 120 sheep 22 remain and black. Then in
gifts 2 and in murrain 1 sum 3 And 48 remain value 6d.
each. Sum 23s. 6d. The same received from 2 foals
remaining and from 1 given sum 3 Of them in 1 sold
above and 2 remain value each 10s. Sum 28s.

On the back of the deed : Sum extracted owed ^"4 3s.

No. XLII.

Account of the Cellarer from the feast of St. Lawrence in
the year 1315 to the feast of St. Michael next following1 : —
Received : 36s. 3d. paid for 43 sheep sold. And 36s. for six
quarters of barley sold. And £6 os. 8d. for 52 quarters 2
bushels of oats sold. And £15 from cash (de bursa = purse).
And 53s. 4d. received from the smith, a lay brother (con-
versus). And 6s. 8d. received from the grange at Osleworth.
And 10s. for heriot of Richard Lancyng. And 7s. from
the goods of Adam le Droys. And 4s. from wood sold*
Sum ^"28 13s. 1 id.

In wages of servants both of the Abbey and of the grange
/io 10s. 5d. And on the part of harvest cutting of all the
granges ^17 2s. 8d. And in 2^ quarters of salt 21s. gd.
And paid for green wax 4s. 6d. And in payment to the sub-
cellarer 8s. 6d. And in pittances of various servants gs. 6d.
And in expenses about a man killed (?) (occisum) 14s. 6d.
And in expenses of a boy to Le Wych (Droitwich ?) "pro sale
sub-arrando"2 I2d. And in expenses at Osle(worth) about the
Clerk 6d. And in linen cloth I7d. And in his own expenses
for travelling 22^d. And in gifts 2s. 7d. And in stockfish
9s. id. And expenses of David in looking for Richard de

1 In the autumn of 1315 there commenced the worst famine ever
recorded in England : in 1316 wheat sold for 16s. a quarter, the average
price from 1261 to 1540 being 5s. n£d. Compared with the prices in No.
XXXIII., the value of sheep had already fallen considerably ; but it is
unfortunate that the account ends at Michaelmas, for the full effects of the
famine which arose from excessive wet were not felt till the following
year. (Rogers, Six Centuries of Work and Wages, pp. 215, 218, Ed. 1884.)

2 Sub arare=to plough up. Sub arrare— to espouse, to give a pledge.

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 247

Rodeneye iod. And in expenses of 2 boys travelling 4d.
And in expenses about the Abbot and Prior and their com-
panions at the Grange i6d. And in hay bought 6s. 8d.
Sum £$i 7s. id. And the expenses exceed the receipts

53s- 2£d-

And in task of the threshers 14s. 6Jd. And in gloves and

autumn (?) gloves of the same igd. And in pittance of the

thresher iod. And in gloves for servants 3s. 6d. And in

gloves for the monks 4s. And in pittance for the thresher

being in arrear i4d. And in expenses of the Prior in the

grange 4s. 5id. And in leather (coriaco) work (?) one skin

yd. And in 1 augur 2d. And in furniture one horn at

Haselden 4d. And in payment of the plumber for work 8d.

And in alteration of one saddle 6d. And in gathering seed

for corn at the lower grange 7d. And in nails 3d. Sum

34s. 2d.

No. XLIII.

On Saturday in the feast of Faith (6 Oct.) in the year of
the reign of King Edward the thirteenth It was so agreed
between the religious men Dom. Richard by the grace of
God the Abbot of the Church of the Blessed Mary of
Kynggeswode and the Convent of the same place on the
one part, and Hugh Lanfford on the other part, namely,
that the aforesaid religious have leased and granted to the
aforesaid Hugh and his wife which he shall first marry after
the making of these presents, one toft in the vill of Culkertun
situated between the tenement of William le Cartere on the
one part, and the tenement of Roger le Reue on the other
part and twenty-four acres of land with appurtenances in the
fields of Culkertun, whereof four acres lie at Beettesest near
the land of Walter atte Mere, and one acre at Salt-
harpewey, and two acres and a half lie at Oldehull, and one
acre and a half at Barlynghull, and two acres lie at
Rotherewey, and one acre lies in the same field, near the land
of Richard West, and four acres lie at Ffernhamthorne near
Fosse, and one acre and a half lie at Lyncheforlang, and three

248 Transactions for the Year 1899.

acres near the way which leads towards Tettebury, and one
acre at Culkerbrugge, and two acres and a half lie at Wad-
berewe. To have and to hold the aforesaid toft with the
afore-mentioned land with all other appurtenances as in
roads, paths, meadows, fields, and pastures, from the said
religious and their successors to the aforesaid Hugh and his
wife freely wholly well and in peace for all their lives only.
Paying therefore annually the said Hugh and his wife, and
the one of them who shall survive the other, to the said
religious and their successors six shillings and eight pence at
the four terms of the year, namely at the feast of St. Michael
the Archangel twenty pence, and at the feast of St. Thomas
Apostle twenty pence, and at the feast of the Annunciation
of the Blessed Mary twenty pence, and at the feast of the
Nativity of St. John Baptist twenty pence, the term beginning
at the feast of St. Michael Archangel next ensuing after the
date of the presents, for all servile services pertaining thereto
to the aforesaid religious saving suit at the court of the
said religious in the vill of Culkerton, as often as it shall
happen to be held after reasonable summons, and the service
of our Lord the King if any be due therefrom. Moreover
the aforesaid Religious and their successors will warrant and
defend the aforesaid toft with all the land aforenoted, together
with all their appurtenances, during the whole life of the
aforesaid Hugh and his wife as is aforesaid. It is also
agreed between the aforesaid parties that the aforesaid Hugh
and his wife shall build on the said toft at their own expense,
except that the said Religious shall find the big timber the
virge ( = yard ? laths) and straw for one house. In witness
whereof the aforesaid parties have alternately appended
their seals to this indented writing. Witnesses John Burdon,
Stephen Clencham, Robert Passelewe, John Bernard, Henry
Constaunce, Thomas le Fremon, William le Duk and all
others. Dated at Kyngeswode on the day and year above-
mentioned. (October 9, 1339.)

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 249

No. XLIV.

In the year of the reign of King Edward the third from
the conquest the twenty-fourth on the feast of St. Martin
Bishop it was so agreed between the religious men the Abbot
and Convent of Kyngeswod on the one part, and Richard
Ardarne and Matilda his wife on the other, namely, that
the said Abbot and Convent have granted and leased to the
aforesaid Richard and Matilda all that their tenement,
together with one virgate of land and a half, and with all
other appurtenances in Colkerton which indeed tenement
Jacobus de Lambard formerly held in the same place, of
which land indeed two acres and a half lie at Smalthorn
between the lands of Henry Passelewe and Roger Banewell,
and one acre lies at Le Garstonghede, near the land of John
Wylecryk, and one acre lies at Swetenhullested, near the land
of Henry West, and half an acre lies at Lynch between the
lands of Roger Banewell and Henry Passelewe, and one acre
and a half lies at Asschemeslad which Walter Le Launsyng
formerly held, and four acres lie beyond Asschemerseye, and a
half acre lies at la Sandputtes between the lands of William
Constaunce and Henry West, and one acre lies at La Butine
which is called Le Hedacre which Walter de Launsyng
formerly held and one acre lies at Smalthorn between the
lands of Thomas Neel and Edith la Reue, and one acre and
a half at Le Gores lies between the lands of John Bernard
and the land which Walter de Launsyng formerly held,
and one acre lies at Middleforlong between the land
which Walter atte Mere formerly held and the land
of Edith Le Reue, and half an acre near Smythes-
weye lies between the land of Henry West and Thomas
Neel, and one acre lies at Middleforlong between the land
of Walter Le Geg and William Constance, and two acres
lie beyond Smythesweye between the land of Roger Perus
and John Barnewell, and one acre which extends on Le
Fosse, and one acre near Smythesweye, lie between the lands
of William Constance and William Arnald, and one acre lies

250 Transactions for the Year 1899.

at Rondoune between the lands of Roger Barewel and John
Bernard, and one acre lies at Sweltenhulleshide, between
the lands of Henry West and Edmund La Reue, and one
acre and a half lie at Asschemeslad near La Rythie, and
one acre and a half lie near his close and near the lands
of Henry West, and one acre lies at the head of the said
land near the land of John Wilecryk, one half acre lies at
la Butine between the land of Henry Passelewe and
Edmund La Reue, and one half acre lies at Templersquarer
which is called Le Hedacre, and two acres lie at La Brech
between the land of John Bernard and Thomas Down, and
one acre lies at le Brech between the land of John Bernard
and Launsyngeslond, and extends over Chiryeinedoun, and
three acres lie in Le Girston before his gate, and half an acre
lies beyond Wokemeweye between the land of John Bernard
and John le Reue, and one acre lies at Le Wawes between
the land of John Bernard and Henry Passelewe, and two
acres lie at Le Lokforlong between the lands of Roger Perns
and Edmund La Reue, and one acre lies at Barlychhulle near
the land of Henry West, and one acre lies near Le
Rucherweye and the land of Henry West, and one acre lies
at Stonhull between the land of Henry West and Walter
atte Mere, and one acre lies at Stanmere near the land of
Roger Perus, and half an acre at Stanmerlies near the land
of William Constaunce, and one acre lies at Annesdene
between the land of Roger Perus and Roger Barnewell, and
one acre lies at Le Quarer' between the lands of Henry
Passelewe and John Le Reue, and one acre lies at Le
Lokfforlong between the lands of Roger Perus and Edmund
Le Reve, and one acre and a half lie at Lokforlong near the
land of Thomas Neel, and half an acre lies at Smalthorn
between the lands of Roger Barnewell and Edmund La Reue,
and an acre lies near Le Rycherweye, and an acre lies
at Stonhull near the land of Thomas Neel, and one acre lies
at Le Riccherweye between the land of Roger Perus and
John Rubel, and two acres lie at Wodemannesthorn between
the land of Henry Passelewe and Henry West, and one acre

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 251

lies at Hordeston between the land of Roger Perus and
Thomas Neel, and one acre lies at Saltharperweye between
the land of John Wilecryk and Walter atte Mere, and half
an acre lies at Le Riccherweye between the land of Henry
Passelewe and Alice Bernard, and one acre lies at Salt-
harpeweye near the land cf Henry Passelewe, and one acre
lies at Mixenhull between the land of Henry West, and one
acre lies at Stepenhull near the land of Thomas Neel and
Roger Barnewell, and one acre lies at Stepenhulleslad
between the lands of Henry Passelewe and John Wilecryx,
and one acre lies at Oldenhull near the land of Henry West,
and one acre and a half lie at Le Publilond between the
lands of Walter Le Geg and Thomas Neel, and one acre
lies at Oldenhulleslad and is called Le Hedacre, and
one acre lies at La Rylond between the land of William
Constance and Thomas Down, and one acre lies at Oldenhull
near the land of Roger Banewell, and three acres lie
at Le Gores between the lands of Roger Perus and
William Constance. To have and to hold all the said
tenement with all the said land and with all their
appurtenances aforesaid to the said Richard and Matilda
his wife to the end of their lives, and the life of the longer
liver, from the said Abbot and Convent and their successors
freely quietly well and in peace. Paying for the same
annually to the aforesaid Abbot and Convent and their
successors, sixteen shillings sterling, at the four principal
terms by equal portions for all services and secular demands,
saving suits of their court and royal service, namely, as much
as pertains to such tenement and land in the same vill. And
heriots when they shall fall in. But the said Richard and
Matilda shall duly keep at their own expense the said
tenement with all its appurtenances whatsoever, in as good a
state or in a better state as that in which they received it.
Nor shall it be lawful to the said Richard and Matilda at
any time or in any way to give, sell, or alienate, the said
tenement with its appurtences without their special licence
first asked for and obtained. And the said Abbot and Con-

252 Transactions for the Year 1899.

vent and their successors will warrant and defend the said
tenement and lands with all the above-named appurtenances
to the said Richard and Matilda his wife for the term of their
lives, and the life of the longer liver, against all mortals by
the aforesaid service. In witness whereof they have alter-
nately placed their seals to these presents.

Witnesses Richard de Cherletun, Henry le Wariner,
William Macherlyng, William Constaunce, Henry Passelewe,
and others.

Dated at Kyngeswod on the year and day above-
mentioned. (November 11, 1350.)

No. XLV.

Account of Brother Walter, Granger del'Egge : — And
received 53s. for 3 oxen sold. And 17s. for 1 ox sold. And
14s. for 1 bull sold. And 10s. for 1 cow sold. And 4s. for a
young ox sold.1 And 7s. id. for 4 calves sold. And £■$
received from corn. And 38s. for 13 pigs sold. And 6s. for
1 heifer2 sold. And 3s. for wax and honey sold. And 3s. for
a cowhide sold. Sum £11 15s. id.

Then in debts repaid £\ 9s. nd. Item in 2 oxen bought
41s. 6d. Item in 1 ox bought 21s. Item in 1 ox bought 18s.
Item in 1 cow bought 13s. 3d. Item in 1 sow bought with
7 little pigs 3 14s.

Item in servants' wages for gifts " ad communium "
23s. 2d. Item in wages for Cowherd 3s. 3d._ Item in wages
for Swineherd 2s. And in food for the swine 5s. 6d. Item
in "ref" 10s. Item in tallow4 and (unct?) grease 5s. Item
in horseshoes and harness 2s. Item for a hoop 2s. Sum of
expenses £1 2 us. 7d.

On the back : Below remains unpaid 45s. Oxen 50.
Cows 13. Bull 1. Bullocks 3, 1 male 2 female. Yearlings 6.
Calves 4 price 4s. Mares (jumente) for carts 2 price 20s.
Mares (jumente) for pasture 2 price 10s. Sows 3 price 3s 6d.

1 Boviculus mas. 2 Bovicula feminina. 3 Porcellis.
1 Cepo pro sepo.

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 253

Hogs 4 price 5s. Pigs 6 price 16s. Little pigs 16 . . .
propter. . . . pre.

No. XLVI.

Enquiry is to be made in what way the Abbot and
Convent of Kyngeswood hold those 2 acres of land and the
tenement which were sometime Thomas le Archer's at . . .
They were not of the land of the said Aylward ... In
pure perpetual and free alms. [The following 12 lines are so
rubbed and so illegible that nothing connected can be got
from them.] . . . And although a second charter of Robert
de Berkeley makes mention of 1 virgate of land at Swineheye
and the mill of Byfford they indeed understand that John le
Skey of Nybbeley holds that virgate of land in chief of the
Abbot of Kyngeswode. And that 1 messuage and 1 virgate
of land of which mention is made in the charter of Thomas
de Berkeley is now in the hand of John Crennel at La
Southende.

Also to enquire how one croft above Aleynghurst near
the hedge of Hawe Park is held. — In free pure and perpetual
alms.

Also how the tenement of William Tudenham is held.
It is held similarly.

Also how the grange " del Egge " is held, for they indeed
say that those ten pence rent of which the charter of the
said Lord Maurice de Berkeley makes mention as above
were due for that wood near Bradpen. All in pure and
perpetual alms.

Also to enquire who enfeoffed the Abbey of the well and
the position of the conduit.

No. XLVII.

This deed consists simply of the names of eighty-seven
donors of gifts, in money, and kind, for the use of the Church.
There is nothing to fix the date of it.

254 Transactions for the Year 1899.

No. XLVIII.

To all the faithful of Christ to whom this present writing
shall come, Brother John,1 Prior of the Cathedral Church of
St. Mary of Worcester and the Chapter of the same place
greeting in the Lord Everlasting.

We have received the letters of the Reverend father and
Lord . . . (Thomas) Bishop of Worcester in these words :
To all the sons of Mother Church to whom the present
letters shall come, Thomas z by divine permission Bishop of
Worcester greeting in the Saviour of all men. Whereas out-
most excellent prince the Lord Henry, by the grace of God
Illustrious King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland,
by his letters patent at the request of our beloved in Christ
the Abbot of Kyngeswode suggesting that he and the whole
religion of the Cistercian order have been from ancient times
privileged and exempt from all manner of ordinary juris-
diction, (so that no one except only our Lord the supreme
Pontiff and the Court of Rome or his conservators should
have jurisdiction over them) and that the same convent
within the said Abbey holding the parish Church has not
pension, portion, lands, or rents, wherewith to sustain them
and their servants sufficiently to support their burdens, has
granted to the said Abbot, that he and his successors the
Abbots of the aforesaid place, should not be assigned or
burdened with any tithe or other tax to be granted to our
aforesaid Lord the King or his heirs by our lord the supreme
Pontiff, or the clergy of the realm of England, but that they
shall be quit and exonerated therefrom for ever, notwith-
standing any assignation or order by us the lord Bishop or
our successors to the same Abbot or his successors for being
collectors of any such tithe or subsidy hereafter to be made,
as in the letters our Lord the King abovesaid more plainly
appears. We, considering the pious intention of our afore-
said Lord the King in this particular, wishing to graciously
1 John Fordham, 1415 — 1438.

2 Thomas Peverell, consecrated to the See of Ossory in 1397, trans-
lated to Llandaff in 1398 and to Worcester in 1407 ; died March 2, 1419.

Cistercian Monastery of St. Mary's, Kingswood. 255

follow with our favour the said Abbot by sight of the
premisses and contemplation of Thomas Lord of Berkeley
patron of the said Abbey, but especially through reverence of
God, and the observance and continuance of the worship of
the most blessed Virgin Mary in the aforesaid Abbey, have
granted for us and our successors to the same Abbot that he
or his successors and the Abbots of that place may not be
assigned or burdened by the said Bishop or his successors
with any tithe or other subsidy which may in any way be
granted to our Lord the King of England, or his heirs the
Kings of England, by our Lord the supreme Pontiff, or the
clergy of the realm of England, at the collection of such
subsidy in any way, but that the said Abbot and his
successors may be for ever quit and exonerated therefrom
except this, that the aforesaid Abbot or any of his successors
may be in any way burdened and assigned at the collection
or levy of any title, quota, or subsidy to be granted to our
Lord the King of England or to any of his heirs in the form
aforesaid, to be made by us or our successors. In witness
whereof we have caused our seal to be appended. Given
at our House within the parish of the blessed Mary de la
Stronde outside the bar of the New Temple London, on the
8th day of February in the year of our Lord 1412 and in the
6th year of our Translation. But we the Prior and Chapter
aforesaid contemplating the benign will of our said Lord the
illustrious King, and on account of reverence of the letters of
Thomas Lord of Berkeley patron of the said Abbey directed
to us in this particular, and also wishing that the servants of
God of the Abbey aforesaid may serve their Creator more
freely and quietly, do corroborate and confirm the aforesaid
grant of our Lord the Bishop aforesaid, and all and singular
the things contained in the said letters as far as in us lies
and pertains to us for us and for our successors. In witness
of all which things our common seal has been appended to
these presents.

Given in our Chapter House at Worcester . . . octavo

256 Transactions for the Year 1899.

No. L.

Mr. Knewton's notes as I take yt :

I finde that William Berkeley Lord of Dursley was
founder of the Abbey of Kingeswood, who had issue Roger
Berkeley of Dursley in the time of Kinge Henry II. in whose
(which) name they continued lords thereof till Richard II.
daies, in whose time John (Berkeley) Lord of Dursley had
issue Elizabeth married to Richard Chelder who solde the
foundation of the said Abbey. D 83.

Kinge Henry I. graunted to the Abbot and Monks of
Kingeswood the manor of Athold in such sorte as Roger
Berkeley had formerlie given it to them.

More. I have not yet seene this Monastery of Kinges-
wood.

William Berkeley Lord of Dursley giveth to the Abbott
of Tenterne his manor of Acholte which now is named
Kingeswood To edefie and build an Abbey of the Order
of Cistercians. And Maude the Empresse confirmed it.
The Abbott and the convent received the said William
Berkeley sonne and heire Lord of Dursley in theire
Chapter House founders there. Now cometh Roger Berkeley
sonne and heire to William Berkeley and confirmeth the
guifte of his Father, and Henry the Second the Empress'
sonne confirmeth the guift of Roger Berkeley, and soe
Berkeleys of Dursley continued unto King Richard II.
time.

TR6EII. orEIII. and Tyntarne Monastry. I Reige-
nold's olde clarke of Mr. Osbornes Worne's office.

THE ABBEY OF ST. MARY, HAYLES.

BRIEF SKETCH OF ITS HISTORY, AND REPORT OF THE
EXCAVATIONS IN 1 899 AND I90O.

By the Rev. WILLIAM BAZELEY, M.A., Hon. General Secretary.

The Cistercian Abbey of Hayles, near Winchcombe, Glouces-
tershire, was founded in 1246 by Richard, Earl of Cornwall,
brother of Henry III., and he transferred thither from the
Abbey of Beaulieu, in Hampshire, twenty monks and ten
lay brethren.

A short chronicle of Hayles, in the British Museum, tells
us that the church was finished in 1251, together with
dorter, cloisters and frater, at a cost of 8,000 marks. The
ruined arches of the cloisters, on the outer side, are of this
date. On the 9th of November in that year the church was
dedicated to God's service. Henry III. and his Queen,
Eleanor of Provence, and Earl Richard and his second wife,
Sanchia, sister of the Queen, were present. Thirteen bishops,
whose names and dioceses are given in an ancient manuscript
preserved in the library of Wells Cathedral, said mass, each
at his own altar, Grossetete, Bishop of Lincoln, consecrating
at the high altar. Besides these were an innumerable host
of nobles, clergy, and common folk, who crowded thither to
do honour to the founder.

The first abbot is said to have been Jordan, a monk of
Beaulieu. The lists of abbots hitherto given are not to
be depended upon. Hayles has been confused with the
Praemonstratensian abbey of Hales Owen, on the borders
of Worcestershire and Shropshire.

In 1256 Richard was elected King of the Romans, and
he and his wife were crowned at Aix. Queen Sanchia died
in 1261, and was buried at Hayles, near the high altar.
In the same year, Richard, an infant son of Earl Richard, is
said to have died at Grove Myle, near Hayles, and to have

18
Vol. XXII.

258 Transactions for the Year i8gg.

been buried in the Abbey. The founder's eldest son, Henry,
had been born in the Castle of Hayles, and baptised in the
church in the year 1237. This castle and church were built
by Ralph de Worcester in the reign of King Stephen. Only
the earthworks of the castle remain, but the little parish
church is intact. In 1267 Richard married, as his third
wife, Beatrice von Falkenstein, the beautiful niece of
Conrad, Archbishop of Cologne.

In the same year, the chronicle tells us, Edmund, the
second son of the founder, purchased in Germany some of
the Holy Blood of Jesus. A portion of this he gave to
Hayles on the festival of the Exaltation of the Cross,
September 14th, 1270, and it was accompanied by a
certificate from Urban, Patriarch of Jerusalem, afterwards
Pope.

On March 12th, 1271, Henry of Almayne, eldest son of
Richard, was cruelly murdered in the little church of San
Sylvestro, at Viterbo, during the saying of mass, by his
cousins, Guy and Simon de Montford, sons of the great
patriot Earl. The flesh of the ill-fated prince was buried
between the tombs of two pontiffs in the church of Santa
Maria dei Gradi ; his heart was placed in a golden vase
and enshrined in the tomb of Edward the Confessor at
Westminster. His bones were conveyed in a leaden coffin
to Hayles, and buried in the Abbey Church before the high
altar. Richard, broken-hearted at the untimely and terrible
death of his son, had a seizure, from which he died on April
2nd, 1272. He was buried in the presbytery beside Queen
Sanchia, and his widow, Beatrice von Falkenstein, placed
above him "a noble pyramis " or raised tomb, which was
ruthlessly broken in pieces at the Dissolution.

Richard was succeeded as Earl of Cornwall by his son
Edmund, who in 1272 married Margaret, sister of Gilbert,
Earl of Hertford and Gloucester. In 1277 "the new work
at Hayles, together with the shrine in which was deposited
the precious Blood of Christ, were dedicated by Godfrey
Gifford, Bishop of Worcester." In 1280 Hugh is mentioned

The Abbey of St. Mary, Hayles. 259

as Abbot. In 1292 the Infirmary and the buildings attached
to it were commenced. In 1295 Edmund gave to the Abbey
a golden cross containing a portion of the true cross of
Christ. In 1299 the boveria or oxhouses were begun and
finished.

On October 31st, 1300, Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, died
at Ashridge, and his bones were buried at Hayles in the
presence of Edward I. and a great company of bishops
abbots, and knights. Hugh, Abbot of Hayles, is men-
tioned in the Patent Rolls as one of the executors of the
Earl's will.

Hugh appears to have been succeeded by John, who was
still ruling the Abbey in 1332, though of great age.

On the vigil of Corpus Christi, 1337, about the hour
of Vespers, a great flood of water burst upon the Abbey,
and caused much loss and destruction. The situation of
the Abbey in the lowest part of the valley, between two high
hills, has always laid it open to such visitations. Very little
has been recorded about the Abbey during the long and
eventful reign of Edward III. and the reigns of his imme-
diate successors ; but we know that the plague raged at
Hayles in 1361-2, and nearly exterminated the monks,
regular and lay. The last entry in the chronicle tells us
that on Sunday, October 31st, 1364, some "satellites of
Satan" broke into the sacristy and carried off many of the
sacred vessels. In the same year many other English
monasteries were similarly robbed. Robert Alcester, Abbot
of Hayles, is said to have been buried at Dowdeswell, near
Cheltenham, about 1420. He was succeeded by William
Hendley, a native of Gloucester. I have found a deed
amongst the muniments of the Corporation of Gloucester,
dated 1426, bearing his signature and the Abbey seal. John
appears as Abbot in 1463, and Richard in 1465. William
\\ hytchurch, whose name as Abbot appears in 1466, has
the credit for rebuilding the cloisters in the Perpendicular
style, and converting the cellarium, or house of the la)- monks,
on the west side of the cloisters, into the Abbot's lodgings.

260 Transactions for the Year 1899.

A document has been found amongst the Vatican papers,
dated 1458, in which Pope Callixtus III. exhorts all the
faithful to assist the monks of Hayles in repairing their
ruined Abbey. Whytchurch was at one time Vicar of
Didbrook, a parish adjoining Hayles. He rebuilt the
church and had it reconciled in 1471, after the sacrilegious
murder of some fugitive Lancastrians lrom the fatal field
of Tewkesbury. He is said to have been buried in the
church; and there are remains of painted glass in the east
window with an inscription to his memory as founder of the
church.

The name of John de Clitheroe, as Abbot of Hayles at
the close of the 15th century, is given in a list of monks
of Whalley Abbey. Two sets of 16th century tiles, of which
we found fragments in the Chapter House, bear the initials,
name, or rebus of Anthony Melton and Anthony Stafford
as abbots. These cannot be earlier than the beginning of
the 16th century, as companion tiles bear the Tudor Rose,
Pomegranate, and Portcullis.

The last Abbot of Hayles was Stephen Sagar, also called
Whalley, because he was educated as a monk of that abbey.
He was made King's chaplain in 1537, and obtained a
pension of ^"100 and the use of Coscombe House for his
lifetime after the surrender of the Abbey to the King's
Commissioners in December, 1539. He was buried with
his brother in Warmfield Church, near Halifax, and the
following inscription was placed over their grave : — " We
be two brothers, I pray you let us rest, Stephen Sagar,
some time Abbot of Hayles, and Otho Sagar, Vicar of
this parish."

At the Dissolution the late Abbot's lodging, extending
from the church to the frater southward, with pantry,
buttery, kitchen, larder, cellars, and the lodging over the
same, the baking and brewing houses and garner, the gate-
house, the great barn, two stables, the oxhouse, and the
sheephouse were assigned to remain undefaced. The
church with aisles, chapels, and steeple, the cloister,

DOOR OF r.\I>;:kCk(>i T <>!• DORMITORY, IIAYI.KS A.BBEY

Kindly lent by the Society i f Architect*.

- F' \Rl.< >ur, havl: -

The Abbey of St. Mary, Hayles. 261

chapter house, dorter and frater, the infirmary with chapels
and lodgings to them adjoining, the prior's chamber and all
other chambers lately belonging to the officers there, were
deemed to be superfluous. Most of the possessions of the
Abbey were granted to Admiral Seymour, and, on his
attainder, to William, Marquis of Northampton, who leased
them to Henry Hodgkins. Queen Elizabeth renewed this
lease in 1565, and the manor passed by marriage to
William Hobby, who restored the parish church, and was
buried there, at the age of 103, in 1603. His son died in
the same year, and the manor was sold to Sir John Tracy
created in 1642 Viscount Tracy. His grandson, John, third
Viscount Tracy, died at Hayles in 16S6, after which time
the house does not appear to have been used as a residence
by the Tracys. Views of Hayles given by Atkyns (1712),
Buck (1732), and Lysons (1794) show the process of ruin.

REPORT OF THE RECENT EXCAVATION'S AT HAYLES ABBEY.

It was for many years the wish of Mrs. Dent, of Sudeley
Castle, whose death, early in 1900, all her many friends
deplore, to arrest the unceasing destruction of Hayles Abbey,
but the opportunity was lacking.

In 1899, by the courteous permission of the present
owners, the Economic Assurance Society, and the tenants,
the Toddington Orchard Company, the Bristol and Glou-
cestershire Archaeological Society were enabled to commence
an examination of the site and the repair of the broken
arches. The superintendence of the work was confided to
me as Secretary of the Society, and with me was associated
one of the members of our council, Mr. St. Clair Baddeley,
an expert in Italian history and architecture. After consulta-
tion with Mr. St. John Hope, we determined in the first
place to clear the cloister walks and remove the soil which
had accumulated at the bases of the walls and arches. We
felt that this would help visitors to understand the plan of
the conventual buildings which surrounded the cloister garth
and add to their interest. The abbey church, with the

262 Transactions for the Year iSgg.

exception of its south wall which forms the north wall of
the cloister, has entirely disappeared, and what little
remains of the foundations lies two feet below the turf.

We commenced work with four labourers and a stone-
mason on July 20th, and soon found the north-west angle of
the inner wall of the cloister. The masonry is Perpendicular,
of the same date as the remaining three arches of the west
cloister walk.

We found traces of two fires, one earlier than the re-
building of the cloister, and another considerably later than
the Dissolution for the stratum of ashes lay a foot above the
original floor line. It is probable that Lord Tracy's house,
which stood on the site of the western range of buildings,
was damaged or destroyed about 1775 by a conflagration.

The cloister walks are 132 feet long and 12 feet wide.
The garth is about 100 feet square. The foundations of the
inner wall have for the most part been destroyed. The base
of the north-west doorway into the church remains. We
found it blocked with Perpendicular stonework.

The five arcades in the north cloister walk are not carrels,
as suggested by the late Mr. Loftus Brock, for a stone bench
which he did not see runs along in front of them. Our mason
restored the level of their floor line with dry walling, and
we deposited there various interesting relics : — six heraldic
bosses discovered in the west walk ; the head of the door-
way leading into the chapter-house, found where it had
probably fallen1 ; some window mouldings, which we found in
taking the dimensions of the church ; and a vaulting rib of
the presbytery. The largest piece of moulding, which we
believe to be the central portion of the great east window of
the presbytery, we found buried in front of the shrine of the
Holy Blood of Hayles. The curves, when produced, give us
a three or a five light window, with trefoils, cinquefoils, and
a quatrefoil in its head.

We found part of a carrel filling up the north-east
doorway. The carrels were evidently in the same position
1 These are now in the Abbey Museum.

The Abbey of St. Mary, Hayles. 263

as at Gloucester, in the inner wall of the cloister walk.
A corbel carved as an angel with outspread wings, and the
termination of the vaulting ribs resting on it, in the N.E.
corner of the cloisters, are, we believe, the work of Abbot
Whytchurch, about 1466 ; but Sir Arthur Blomfield, whose
death has been a sad loss to us, thought they might be
as late as the beginning of the 16th century, which is
certainly the date of the vaulting bosses found in the west
walk. All the arches on the north, east, and west sides of
the cloister seem to be the work of the Early English builders
in 1246 — 1 25 1, though many of them have Perpendicular
work inserted to carry the vaulting ribs.

The arch leading into the sacristy seems to have been
fairly perfect in 1856 when the British Association visited
Hayles. Half of the trefoiled and quatrefoiled head is now
irreparably gone, but we found and replaced the blue lias
base and part of the shaft. The eastern wall of this room is
of considerable thickness. The vaulting was supported by
two sets of shafts in a line with those of the chapter-house.
The northern wall is completely gone. Ivy of long growth
has been destroying and at the same time supporting the
broken arches. We pruned the long branches, and have
dealt more severely with it this year.

Next to the sacristy is the chapter-house, with its three
arches. The sills of the side openings have been restored
with dry walling, but a foot of soil has yet to be cleared
away from the cloister walk before the original level will
be reached.

We thoroughly cleared the chapter-house, which was
35 feet wide and 48 feet long, and found the four Early
English bases of the columns, which divided it into three
alleys and nine compartments.

Amongst the rubbisli which covered the floor to the extent
of nearly eight feet we found most of the vaulting ribs,
many fragments of blue lias bell-shaped capitals, painted red
as a ground for gold, six beautiful bosses almost perfect, and
a trefoil shaft lying near its socket in the stone bench at the

264 Transactions for the Year 1899.

east end, part of one of the responds of an arch. We found
also some mouldings which probably formed part of the east
window inserted after the fire of 1270. Many fragments of
tiies of early 16th century date were also found, similar in
every respect to the Hayles tiles at Southam-deda-Bere.

The original position of the bosses in the vaulted roof
may be ascertained from the number of vaulting shafts
which sprang from them. One boss represents Samson
rending the lion. The other bosses are ornamented with
the stiff-leaved foliage peculiar to the thirteenth century,
and are deeply undercut. We consider them to be the
original work of 1250.

The doorway of the monks' parlour, to the south of the
chapter-house, has been underpinned with Perpendicular
work, and ruthlessly cut through to insert the corbel from
which sprang the wall ribs of the groining. This room was
about 32 feet long by 12 feet wide, and had a plain barrel-
vaulted roof.

The doorway leading to the vaulted undercroft of the
dormitory is semi-circular headed, and has no later insertion.
There are two cupboards in the wall on the eastern side.

The broken arch at the south-east corner of the cloister
leads to a flight of steps which were covered by the roots of
a large ash-tree. This tree has been cut down and the
dormitory staircase exposed.

The doorway of the warming-house has a trefoil-shaped
head.

The lavatory was set in a deep recess with a flat
15th century arch and panelled soffit. The corbel from
which sprang the wall rib remains. It is not in the centre
of the arch. Part of the trough may be seen at the east
end of the lavatory.

The doorway of the frater, with its seven orders of
mouldings, its clustered shafts and conventional foliage,
must have been a splendid example of Early English
architecture. When the fifteenth century " restorers '
inserted their plain arch they appear to have hidden the

BOSS FROM ROOF OF CHAPTER HOUSE, IIAYI.IS AI'.r.lY

Kindly lent by the Society o) Architects.

DOOR OF FRATER, HAYLES ABBEY

Kindly lent by the Si ciety of Architects.

The Abbey of St. Mary, Hayles. 265

earlier work with plaster. We found an Early English
capital in a drain about two feet below the floor line of the
frater. West of the doorway inside is a large cupboard,
with two arches and a groove for wooden shelves. Adjoining
it are remains of the usual hatch. The kitchen, butteries,
and pantry have completely disappeared. On the east of
the doorway are two smaller cupboards and traces of a table.
We have only as yet excavated the frater to the extent of
three feet south of the wall.

Three only of the inner arches of the cloister remain, on
the west side. In clearing the floor of the west walk we
found six bosses and a large quantity of late Perpendicular
vaulting, also some tracery of the arches.

The heraldic bearings on the bosses are as follows : —

(1) Fretty, for Huddleston of Melholme, Cumberland.

Sir John Huddleston, second son of the Lord of
Melholme, was governor of Sudeley Castle, two
miles distant from Hayles, and also of Gloucester
Castle, during the reigns of Richard HI., Henry VII.,
and Henry VIII. He died January 15th, 1513, and
was buried, as was his widow, Dame Joan, at Hayles
Abbey.

(2) Quavierly, 1 and 4 fretty (for Huddleston), 2 and 3

three bars gcmcllcs (for Fitz-Alan) impaling a lion
rampant (for Stapleton). Sir John Huddleston's
father, John Huddleston, married Joan, co-heir of
Sir Miles Stapleton, of Ingham, and Joan, his wife.
Sir Miles Stapleton was the son of Gilbert Stapleton
and Agnes, his wife, daughter and heir of Brian
Fitz-Alan of Bedale.

(3) Huddleston impaling Stapleton, or, if this boss be

proved to be of later date than the other five and
to have been inserted in the vaulted roof after
the Dissolution, Huddleston impaling Barrantyne.
Anthony Huddleston, grandson of the governor of
Sudeley and son of Sir John Huddleston III.,

266 Transactions for the Year 1899.

who built Southam-de-la-Bere, married in 1541
Mary, daughter and heir of Sir William Barran-
tyne, of Great Haseley, Oxfordshire. The tail of
this lion is queued.

(4) Quarterly, 1 and 4, five fusils in fess (for Percy), 2 and 3,

three bars geinelles, over all a bend (for Poynings).
Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, was the
grandson of Eleanor, sole heiress of Robert, Lord
Poynings, and in her right he was Lord Poynings,
Brian, and Fitzpaine. It was probably through
the influence of Christopher Urswycke, Almoner
of Henry VII., that the Earl of Northumberland
became a generous patron of Hayles.

(5) Quarterly, 1 and 4, a lion passant gardant between three

helms (for Compton), 3 and 4, a chevron within a bordurc.
This was the ancient bearing of the Compton family,
and commemorated some gift to Hayles Abbey by
Sir William Compton, ancestor of the Marquises
of Northampton. The lion was an augmentation
granted to him by Henry VIII., in the fourth year
of his reign. Sir William Compton succeeded
Sir John Huddleston in 1513 as governor of Sudeley
Castle, and by his will he left 20 marks to Hayles
Abbey. He died in 1529.

(6) A chain with a shack-bolt at either end, between three mitres.

The chain and shack-bolt refer to a legend of Egwin,
third bishop of Worcester, the founder of Evesham
Abbey in 702, and were used as arms by that Abbey.

On the 22nd of March, 1900, I laid these facts and many
drawings and photographs of the chapter-house tiles and
the ruins, &c, before the Society of Antiquaries at Bur-
lington House. On the following day, I had an interview
with the representatives of the present owners, the Directors
of the Economic Assurance Society, and this led to their
very generously repairing and placing at our disposal an
ancient barn as a Museum.

The Abbey of St. Mary, Hayles. 267

This year (1900) we have been examining the site of the
Abbey Church with most interesting results. Many of the
facts recorded in the Chronicle of Hayles (mentioned above)
have been verified by recent discoveries. The church, as
shown by the mouldings of the stonework, is distinctly of two
dates; viz., Early English of c. 1250, and Transitional Early
English of c. 1275. The older church ended eastward with a
straight wall behind the high altar. In 1271-7, the new work,
an eastern apse, was constructed with five polygonal chapels,
two semi-circular ambulatories, and a structure, eight feet
by ten, from a point in which radiated all the rest. This
structure is, without doubt, the base of the shrine where
rested for 260 years, together with the piece of the true Cross,
the Holy Blood of Hayles. This, the most sacred spot at one
time in the county of Gloucester, was visited by thousands
of pilgrims annually from all parts of England and Wales.
We can picture to our minds a shrine like Edward the
Confessor's at Westminster, or like those of St. Albans, Ely,
Durham, and Canterbury — an ark-like structure with gabled
roof, and carved with canopied figures of saints. In 1533, the
last Abbot, Stephen Sagar or Whalley, begged Thomas
Cromwell that the case which contained "that feigned relic
of Christ's Blood, which standeth where it did in the
nature of a shrine, may be put down, every stick and
stone, and so leave no remembrance of that forged relic."
At another time he is willing, he says, to suffer the most
shameful death if ever the Blood were trifled with ; and he
speaks of an old monk, eighty years of age, who has had
care of the sacred relic for forty years, and will certify the
same.

Fortunately the matrix of a beautiful seal was found some
years ago in Yorkshire with the figure of a monk, perhaps
this very monk of whom Sagar speaks, holding in his right
hand the phial containing the Holy Blood, and in the other
the asperges (Lat. aspcrgillas) with which he sprinkled with
holy water the pilgrims kneeling before the shrine. It bears
the following inscription : " Sigillum fraternitatis monasterii

268 Transactions for the Year 1899.

beatae Mariae de Hayles." Probably Abbot Sagar, when he
went some years later to his brother Otho Sagar, vicar of
Warmfield, to die and be buried in his church, took the seal
with him, and it was subsequently lost. A copy of this seal,
as well as of another from the muniments of the Corporation
of Gloucester, is in the Hayles Museum.

It is a marvel, when we consider that the site of the
church has been twice dug over for material to build a home
for the Tracys at Toddington, and again and again to build
farmhouses, cottages, and barns, that the base of this sacred
shrine should remain intact. The beautiful apse in which it
stood reminds us of the choir of Westminster Abbey, which
was completed in 1269. The apse at Hayles was built to be,
as it were, a crown on the head of the cruciform church.

We found several yards of plinth, bases of shafts, and
portions of the inner walling in situ, and many vaulting
ribs, shafts, caps, mullions of windows, and one boss lying
among the debris. The two chapels of the eastern apse on the
north and the two on the south were floored with late 13th
century encaustic tiles bearing the royal arms of England
(three lions passant), King of the Romans (an eagle displayed),
Queen Sanchia (a paly of eight), Earl of Cornwall (a lion
rampant, with a bordure bezanty), and De Clare (three
chevrons). The central chapel was refloored in the 14th
century with large, thick tiles ornamented with natural
foliage, etc. Examples of all these tiles have been desposited
in the Museum at Hayles.

Westward of this beautiful apse is the Presbytery, with
north and south aisles, ten and a half feet wide. On the
north side of the high altar, the floor of which remains, or
immediately in front of it, was, probably, the "pyramis"
of the founder and his wife, Queen Sanchia, and, perhaps,
on the south side, the tomb of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall.
Of Richard's tomb we found a few fragments, one orna-
mented with a human head of the Edwardian type.
Moreover, we found parts of the effigies of a mailed warrior
and his lady, as well as the heads of the lions which lay

The Abbey of St. Mary, Hayles. 269

at their feet. The lower part of a heater-shaped shield
bearing the foot of a lion and a bordure bezanty is just the
evidence we could have desired to enable us to assign the
tomb to the founder and his Queen. Lying in situ on the
floor of the north aisle of the Presbytery, we found many
scores of late 13th century tiles, bearing the arms of Ferrers,
Peverell, Badlesmere, Warren, Stafford, &c. The floor of
the central gangway of the Presbytery was relaid with tiles
in the last quarter of the 14th century. This is shown by
the heraldic bearings on some of them : —

(1) Fretty, on a canton a cross fleury, for Henry Wakefield,

Bishop of Worcester, 1375 to 1395.

(2) A fess between six crosslets, for Thomas de Beauchamp,

Earl of Warwick, impaling seven muscles 3.3 and 1. for
his wife Margaret, daughter of William de Ferrers
of Groby. He died in 1400.

(3) Barry of six, an escutcheon, on a chief three pales gyroncd,

for Mortimer.

(4) A fesse between six martlets, for Beauchamp.

(5) The same quartering a maiatch, for Hastings or Toney.

(6) Scmee of fleur de lys.

(7) A chevron, or perhaps two chevrons, between three wheels ;

and many others.

In front of the Presbytery steps we found a beautiful row
of early 14th century tiles: — (1) the Despencer fret alternate
with (2) a queer bird with two heads and a long neck, and
(3) many border tiles with the castle of Eleanor of Castille
and the fleur de lys of Margaret of France, Queens of
Edward I. Specimens of all these tiles will be found in the
Museum.

Between the Presbytery and its aisles on either side
were four arcades and a connecting wall or screen, probably
about ten feet high, as at Tintern. This arrangement is
always found in the naves and aisled Presbyteries of
Cistercian churches. Immediately in front of the high altar
we found a round stone vessel, three feet in diameter at the

270 Transactions for the Year 1899.

top and one foot four inches at the base, and near it we
found masses of lead intermixed with clay. Mr. St. John
Hope, Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries of London,
believes this to be a vessel for melting the lead sold at the
Dissolution. Westward of the Presbytery is the monks*
choir, occupying the crossing and one bay of the nave.
Beyond the choir are the pulpitum or screen and the retro-
choir. The easternmost bays of the north and south aisles
of the nave were cut off by stone screens, forming them into
chapels. In the chapels of the south aisle we found traces
of two tombs, between the pillars of the arcades, and
hundreds of fragments of two 15th century monuments.
In the north aisle we found a beautiful 13th century carved
bracket with three dragons devouring one another. To the
right and left of the choir are transepts, each with three
eastern chapels, as is usual in Cistercian churches. There
are traces of a central tower as at Tintern. The church,
with the apse, is about 320 feet in length, as long as
Gloucester Cathedral without the Lady Chapel.

The Church has now been covered in again. Next
summer we hope to examine the remains of the abbot's
lodgings, the frater, the warming house and the infirmary.

Mr. Harold Brakspear, Architect of Malmesbury Abbey,
a well-known expert in Cistercian architecture, has made a
careful ground plan of all that has been uncovered. This
plan, with subsequent additions, will be reproduced in these
Transactions.

While searching for some stained glass said by Rudder
to have been removed from the Abbot's lodgings to old
Toddington House we discovered, in a box, twenty-one
mosaics of beautifully painted glass with the following
inscription on a piece of white glass : — " This window was
new glazed and the figures from Hailes Abbey placed here
by Thos. Chas. Lord Visct. Tracy in 1789."

The owners having courteously given us permission to
place this glass in the Museum at Hayles, it has been care-
fully releaded under the immediate direction of one of the

The Abbey of St. Mary, Hayles. 271

members of this Society, Mr. C. H. Dancey. Nine mosaics
represent the Apostles SS. Andrew, James the Greater,
John, Philip, James the Less, Thomas, Bartholomew,
Matthew, and Simon. SS. Peter, Matthias, and Thaddeus
are missing. S. Andrew repeats the second clause of the
Apostles' Creed, " Et in Jesum Christum Filiura ejus
unicum Dominum nostrum," and the rest continue it as
far as "Remissionem peccatorum." As in the beautiful
glass at Fairford, the Prince of Wales' feather appears in
nearly all these nine mosaics, which are apparently of
15th century workmanship. Seven others are composed of
fragments of glass of similar date. The remaining five
belong to the Renaissance period ; the designs of these last
are — two angels, two cupids, and the arms of the Founder
as well as of the Abbey.

The ruins of the Abbey and the contents of the Museum
have been vested in five Trustees: — Sir Michael Hicks-Beach
and Mr. C. Wise, appointed by the owners ; Mr. St. Clair
Baddeley and the Rev. W. Bazeley, appointed by this
Society; and the Rev. C. H. Stanton, Vicar of Toddington,
Didbrook, and Hayles, appointed by the owners and this
Society conjointly. The Trustees held their first meeting
on the 3rd of September, 1900.

More than 800 visitors were received at the Abbey last
summer and autumn, and lectures on the history of the
Abbey and contents of the Museum were given by Mr.
Baddeley and myself on Thursday afternoons.

The Excavation Fund, for which no special appeal was
made in 1900, is well-nigh exhausted ; but the work is of
such thrilling interest, that we feel sure fresh subscriptions
will be forthcoming from the members of this Society and
other friends.

G. M. Currie, Esq., 26 Lansdown Place, Cheltenham,
is Treasurer of the Fund.

SOME CURIOUS INCIDENTS IN BRISTOL

HISTORY.

By J. LATIMER.

Amongst many remarkable documents entered in the Great
Red Book of the Corporation of Bristol, at present almost
unknown to the public, is an account of an extraordinary
occurrence during the reign of Edward IV., which created
great excitement at the time, and which gives modern
readers a vivid picture of city life in the middle ages, yet
which local historians have thought worthy only of the
baldest record. The chief actor in the affair was one
Thomas Norton, an officer in the Royal Court holding the
important post of Customer of Bristol, and the owner and
occupier of the Great House in St. Peter's Churchyard, so
well known to archaeologists. Before narrating his outrageous
proceedings, it is requisite to give a short account of that
mansion and its previous owners.

The house, or an earlier one on the same site, belonged
in 1401 to one John Corne, and it was sold in that year to
Thomas Norton, the ancestor of the above Thomas, who had
come into a great fortune bequeathed to him by Elias Spelly,
mayor of Bristol in 1390-1, and who himself was elected
mayor in 141 3. (Corne's charter, given at length in
Gentleman's Magazine for 1852, part ii., p. 274, disposes of the
statement in some local works that the Nortons built a
dwelling on the site in the 12th century.) In 1435 the house
was in possession of the purchaser's sons, Thomas and
Walter, who divided it into two dwellings for their inde-
pendent residences ; but the double ownership had come to
an end in 1458, when Walter was sole proprietor. That
gentleman had two sons, both named Thomas, and two
daughters, married to wealthy Bristolians, Robert Strange
(thrice mayor) and John Shipward, jun. (mayor 1477-8).

Some Curious Incidents in Bristol History. 273

For some unexplained reason, Mr. Norton determined to
convey the bulk of his estates to his younger son, then a
boy; and by a feoffment, dated October 12th, 1458, he
assigned all his real property in Worcestershire and Bristol
to his two sons-in-law (Shipward is called Sheppard in the
deed, but the same misspelling occurs in other documents)
and to Richard Bartfield, described elsewhere as his servant,
directing them as feoffees to reconvey the estate, except one
moiety of the Great House, to his younger son, "in order
that lie should not be vexed or troubled by Thomas, his
elder brother," who appears to have been the boy's senior by
several years. The delay that occurred before this direction
was fully carried out is somewhat surprising. It was not
until three years later that the feoffees executed two deeds,
one of which demised the Worcestershire estates and exten-
sive house property in Bristol (all acquired from Spelly),
together with the eastern portion of the Great House and
its garden, to Walter Norton and Isabel his wife for life,
with remainder to their younger son, Thomas, and his heirs,
remainder to their elder son and his heirs, and further
remainders to their two daughters in succession. The second
instrument demised the western part of the Great House
and its garden, after the lives of Walter and his wife, to
their elder son, Thomas, with remainder, failing heirs, to
Thomas the younger and his two sisters, as in the former
deed. Another delay of two years and a half took place
before these feoffments were legally completed by the
appointment, in October, 1463, of an attorney to take seisin
on behalf of Walter and his wife. Finally, two years and
a half later still, in June, 1466, Walter, whose wife was then
dead, at length brought all the above documents to the
Council House, and requested their enrolment according to
the custom of the city in order to assure their validity. Not
content with this formality, Mr. Norton requ the

mayor, sheriff, and other dignitaries to accompany him to
St. Peter's Churchyard, which was accordingly done, and
there the old gentleman delivered possession of the eastern

19
Vol. XXII.

274 Transactions for the Year 1899.

end of the mansion to his younger son in the name of all the
estate, declaring that he relinquished all title to and interest
in the property for evermore, and adding that he had already
given up his jewels and household stuff to his youthful son
"to make him sure thereof in his life." (These proceedings
took place before William Spencer, then mayor, a fact to be
borne in mind in connection with subsequent events.) Six
days before this singular scene took place Mr. Norton
executed his will, by which he left his eldest son only a
silver cup, some hangings and cushions in the hall of his
dwelling, and "the standing bed in the great chamber with
its tester and curtains " ; whilst he bequeathed to the boy
several pieces of plate (amongst which was a standing cup
and cover called "a Grype is Eye"), the stained bed and
hangings, some Arras work, cloth, linen, and blankets, "all
the steyned cloth of the life of King Robert of Cecyle which
hangeth in my parlour," saucers, pottingers, platters, pewter
chargers, five brass pots, "and all my fee simple lands in
Bristol and elsewhere," the last bequest being probably
made in apprehension that something might have been
omitted in the feoffments. The remainder of his household
goods and chattels, jewels, &c, was also bequeathed to the
younger son, to be disposed of for the good of testator's
soul.

As in that age men rarely made their wills until they
were in dread of imminent death, it may be surmised that
Walter Norton was then seriously indisposed. If such were
the case, however, he recovered, and with recovery came
regret over the relinquishment of all his belongings and a
desire to recover them. The next document in the Great
Red Book bearing upon the case is of ten months later
date — April 2nd, 1467,— and is a declaration by William
Canynges, mayor, and John Gaywoode, sheriff, certifying
that Thomas Norton, junior, who was still a minor, had
come before them and their brethren at the Tolzey, "lament-
ably declaring" that in spite of the feoffments recited above,
under which the complainant had taken the profits of the

Some Curious Incidents in Bristol History. 275

estate, his father, by the sinister labour of ill-disposed
persons, had published and noised in various countries that
he had placed his younger son in possession only for his
(Walter's) own use, and that he intended to make a re-
feoffment of the estate, make void the existing deeds, and
disinherit the complainant, " against all right and con-
science." The applicant therefore prayed the civic officials
to make known what they knew respecting the matter.
Thereupon the mayor, the sheriff, with John Shipward,
William Spencer, and other members of the Common
Council, "inasmuch as it is one of the highest duties of
charity to bear witness to the truth and to appease contro-
versies," solemnly affirm that they were witnesses to Walter
Norton's demand for the enrolment of the deeds, and to his
delivery of seisin to his son in the manner and terms related
above. This declaration was then formally engrossed, and
the seals of the mayor and the other worshipful witnesses
were duly appended, with a view to its production in a
judicial court.

There is no evidence that Walter Norton persisted in his
threatened measures. The date of his death is not recorded,
but the will of 1466 was enrolled in the Great Red Book,
and does not appear to have been contested ; and there is no
mention of further feoffments. But twelve years after the
declaration made by Canynges and his brethren, in the third
mayoralty of William Spencer, an extraordinary document
was entered in the Great Book under the following title : —

" Here followeth a Remembrance never to be put in
oblivion, but to put in perpetual memory of all the true:
burgesses and lovers of the town of Bristol of the Innatural
demeaning and the inordinate behaving of Thomas Norton,
of Bristol, gentleman, against the noble, famous, and true
merchant, William Spencer, being the third time mayor of
the town of Bristol aforesaid, that is to wit, in the year
beginning at the feast of St. Michael, the eighteenth year of
the reign of our most dread sovereign lord King I Edward

276 Transactions for the Year 1899.

the Fourth. Gathered and compiled by John Twynyho,
the recorder of the said town, Which in the same advised,
counselled and assisted the said mayor in his most true and
hearty manner."

This portentous Remembrance occupies twenty-nine
closely-written folios, and if copied verbatim would extend
over about as many pages of this volume ; but by eliminating
legal tautology, and omitting uninteresting details, all the
chief facts may be brought within a reasonable compass.
As far as possible, the language of the document has been
retained, but it has not been thought necessary to reproduce
the eccentricities in orthography.

On Friday, the 12th March, 19 Edward IV. (1479), when
the mayor and John Skrevyn, sheriff, were sitting in the
Compter, hearing complaints according to old custom,
Thomas Norton, gent, and water holder, appeared at five
o'clock in the afternoon with William Banner, yeoman,
desiring to speak with them secretly ; but the mayor stated
that the inner chamber was then occupied by divers brethren
deliberating on great matters, and desired Norton to sit
down by him and state why he came. Having sate down,
Norton said secretly, " I must speak heinous words." He
then stood up and took out of a box a sealed writing, which
he read in as low a voice as he could. The writing began by
asserting that he (Norton), one of the King's household,
appealed the mayor of high treason for reasons he would
declare^ to the King, protesting that this was not done
because of any dispute depending between him and the
mayor, but because of the latter's rotten and traitorous heart
towards the King. If permitted by the latter, he would
make this good upon the mayor's wretched person, or on
that of any co-burgess who would offer to defend him. And
this to perform, he cast to the mayor a glove attached to the
writing, sealed with his arms. To which the mayor answered
that the charge was false, as he should prove himself; where-
upon Norton gave the appeal to the sheriff, charging him on

Some Curious Incidents in Bristol History. 277

the King's behalf with the person of the mayor on pain of
24 marks, and so departed.

Next day the mayor summoned the sheriff, recorder, and
Council to the Council House to state the above facts, and
they, knowing the loyalty and virtue of the mayor, marvelled,
and discussed the matter long, and gave him much counsel,
for which he thanked them, but said he could not remain in
office until he had cleared himself of the charge. He then
delivered up the sword, charged the sheriff and Council to
govern the town well, and gave himself up to the sheriff,
requiring him to convey him to Newgate until the King was
informed ot the case. The Council, approving of this course
with weeping eyes and sorrowing hearts, chose eight of their
body to be coadjutors in governing the town, which they did
most discreetly. The mayor was conveyed by all his brethren
through the open Saturday market to gaol. The masters of
the various crafts were next summoned, informed of the
facts, and enjoined to see that the King's peace was faith-
fully kept. Next day (Sunday) the sheriff delivered the
appeal and glove to Thomas Asshe, yeoman of the King's
Chamber and Comptroller of the Port, to be given to the
King, which he did at Eltham on Tuesday, accompanying
them with a letter from the sheriff. This missive stated that
Norton had retained divers riotous and idle persons by oath
and otherwise [the hiring of retainers was then a high mis-
demeanour], and that five of these retainers on the previous
Sunday had assaulted the bailiff of Temple fee and left him
for dead, whereupon the mayor had ordered the arrest of the
rioters, and three of them were committed to gaol. Hearing
of this, Norton came to the mayor and recorder, and praised
them for their action, renouncing the prisoners as his
servants and promising to assist as a good burgess in re-
pressing riots. On the Friday following the prisoners were
indicted at the sessions; but in the afternoon Norton, in
spite of these promises, came to the Compter and appealed
the mayor of treason. The sheriff, in conclusion, asks for
the King's pleasure.

278 Transactions for the Year 1899.

On Monday, the 15th, the sheriff, with John Druez and
Richard Bond, bailiffs, and the rest of the Common Council,
forwarded an account of Norton's conduct, sealed with the
common seal, to the King and Privy Council. This state-
ment is more lengthy than the sheriff's, but to the same
effect. It adds that Spencer was 63 years old, and that
Norton had declared before witnesses that his worship was
the best mayor Bristol had ever had within living memory,
excepting perhaps Canynges. It further states that Spencer
had that year prevented a great rise in the price of wheat by
his care and diligence; had cherished the suites of the King,
Queen, and Prince when resorting to the town ; had done
many charitable deeds ; had new made the quere and body
of the Grey Friars' church, and repaired their house and
those of divers chantries ; revived an almshouse ; given large
sums weekly to prisoners, bedridden and infirm, and much
clothing and blankets; spent much in making bridges and
highways, and in fine was God's servant and the King's
liege man. The document then proceeds : And since the
Council are now driven to open Norton's unlawful and
riotous proceedings, which has been long forborne because
he is one of the King's household, they now declare that
he has retained riotous persons, is a common haunter of
taverns, where he drinks and rails with his followers until
midnight, not associating with honest company ; lies in bed
till nine or ten daily, avoiding divine service ; spends sermon
time in the afternoon at tennis and frivolous sports, and
generally promotes mischief. Moreover, for divers years he
unnaturally warred with and trouble'd his father and mother,
who often gave him Christ's curse, and he has broken their
wills since their death. His father gave divers lands and
tenements to his younger brother Thomas, but he put his
brother out of the estate, vexed him with many actions,
kept him a prisoner in the Savoy, and at last drove him
out of the country to Spain, in the voyage to which he was
drowned. By the mediation of Sir Richard Chok, justice,
and the recorder, he agreed to pay a yearly rent to his

Some Curious Incidents in Bristol History. 279

brother's widow, and to provide a living for his nephew
Richard ; yet by his might and strength he has withdrawn
from this undertaking and not paid the rent. He has one
sister, a good and worshipful gentlewoman, but he un-
naturally hates her, and forbids her from his presence ; and
had, moreover, greatly troubled a worthy merchant, John
Shipward, deceased, who was father unto his wife,1 inasmuch
as, when, after Tewkesbury fight, the King ordered him to seize
the lands of the Earl of Warwick in Somerset, he, by colour
thereof, alleged he had authority to smite off Shipward's
head, his father-in-law, and threatened so to do unless
Shipward would deliver up the deeds relating to his younger
brother's lands ; in dread whereof Shipward consented, and
in his trouble died soon after. The letter concludes by
praying the King that directions may be taken so that the
common policy and sad rule of the town be not overthrown
by the malice of Norton and his adherents. The town is not
only the King's own, but is also the Chamber of the Queen,
and the inhabitants are most faithful subjects.

The record goes on to state that on Sunday, the 14th,
Norton, perceiving the mayor's discreet demeanour, took
horse in haste to lay his charges before the King ; yet he did
not reach the Court, at Sheen, until Thursday, the i8tb.
Asshe, with the town's deputies, had preceded him there,
and had laid their case before the King and Privy Council,
and when Norton appeared the King's look was so estranged
from him that he at once departed to " Braneford," the
whole Court having him in such loathing that no creature
made him any cheer.

On the 19th the sheriff and recorder held a session at

1 The relationship between the two families was somewhat peculiar,
and will be best explained as follows : —

WALTER NORTON

Thomas = Joan, dr of John Agnes — John Shipwai .

Shipward, jun. jun.

280 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Bristol (the mayor being still in ward), and eighty-six of
the most notable burgesses from the five great wards being
assembled, four several juries were sworn, and Norton
was indicted for having illegally kept thirty retainers for
eighteen months and more. According to which charge, if
Norton were found guilty, he would forfeit £5 a month
for each retainer, or /"2,goo in all.

And although Norton appeared before the King on the
18th, yet he did not on the 19th appear again to maintain
his appeal. Whereupon the town deputies prayed the King
that Norton should be commanded to appear, which was
done. So on the 20th Norton came before the King and
Privy Council, when he was asked to show the speciality
of the mayor's treasons. And God, the searcher of hearts,
made him so feel his own untruth that he could unnethe
[neither] look, speak, nor keep his countenance, but deemed
[demeaned ?] himself as a person ronne in to fronsy, as the
King afterwards said to the recorder. And as he could
allege no special treason against the mayor, nor yet any
offence, the King, after good deliberation with the Privy
Council, like a right wise sovereign, dismissed the mayor of
all accusations, and held him as a true subject, commanding
the sheriff to set him at liberty. The royal letters to that
effect — one to the sheriff, another to the mayor, and a third
to the sheriff and commonalty — were brought to Bristol
by the deputies on the 24th, when a Common Council was
at once held, and the whole municipal body, with thousands
of people, joyfully went to the gaol, delivered the mayor,
gave him the sword, and with great gladness brought him to
the Guildhall. There the King's comfortable letters were
read by the recorder to the great consolation of the
multitude. (The documents are then given verbatim. In
that directed to the sheriff, the King directs that officer
to send up to Court one William Wilkyns, upon whom
Norton "groundeth the matter of his accusation.")

On the 27th the sheriff, bailiffs, and Common Council drew
up a paper directed to the Privy Council, which was sent

Some Curious Incidents in Bristol History. 281

up by two deputies, to whom was also committed the
prisoner, John Wilkins, butcher. After returning thanks for
the King's gracious treatment of the mayor, the writers state
that the prisoner's Christian name is John, not William,
and that he is the terror of the King's subjects, a night
walker, a breaker of the peace, always ready for commotion
and rebellion, and, according to report, a man queller
(murderer) in Wales, for which he came to dwell in Bristol.
Six cases are cited to prove his riotous and murderous
disposition, a man being slain in one outrage, and twice the
bailiffs were in danger of death. In the previous October,
when in gaol for one of these crimes, he had threatened to
accuse the mayor of having ^"400 of the goods of the Duke
of Clarence [attainted in 1478, when he held the Somerset
estates of his father-in-law, the King-maker] and ^"300 of
the goods of the Earl of Warwick [the King-maker himself,
killed in 1471]. Wilkins afterwards confessed on oath that
these charges were false, but was kept in goal for want of
sureties to keep the peace. On the day after Norton had
appealed the mayor, Norton made great efforts to speak with
Wilkins, sending the gaoler his signet, and desiring that the
prisoner be brought to his house secretly by night. The
gaoler refusing, Norton sent divers messages by Wilkins's
wife. Then, as though he were capital governor of the town,
having authority surmounting the justices, Norton ordered
the gaoler, on pain of 500 marks, to take off Wilkins's irons,
though in fact Wilkins wore no irons until he committed an
outrageous assault upon another prisoner a few days before.
The King's consideration of these facts is therefore prayed.
In addition to the above letter, the sheriff and Common
Council addressed others to the Marquis of Dorset, Lord
Rivers, my Lord Richard the Queen's son, the Bishop of
Worcester, and Lord Dacre, praying for the continuance
of their favour. Armed with these documents (and probably
furnished with pecuniary means to gratify the cupidity of
underlings), the deputies carried up Wilkins to Court, and
the prisoner was no sooner brought before the King in

282 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Council than he confessed the falseness of his accusations.
Norton was also examined, and could allege nothing against
the mayor, whereupon three more royal letters were sent
down to the same effect as the previous ones, and Wilkins
was sent back to gaol.

Norton, however, was not yet silenced. In a "Bill"
presented to the King, in which he styled himself Customer
of Bristol, he complained that the mayor, to avenge his old
malice against the writer, had caused him and other lovers of
the King to be " indicted of retainours," although this charge
had been already heard and •dismissed. He (Norton) by
virtue of his office had appointed two men to search all cloths
carried by land out of the town uncustomed, which was
never done before his time, to the great loss of the Crown.
These searchers seized nine cloths belonging to the mayor
that were being secretly conveyed away, and when Norton
refused a hogshead of wine proffered as a bribe by the
mayor, the latter took a malice against the searchers, and
indicted them for wearing Norton's livery, though he had
merely given them two gowns for their wages. Wherefore
he prayed that justice should be done. He further alleged
that, owing to the tides of the sea at Bristol, ships came up
every hour of the night as well as by day, taking advantage
of which the merchants craftily shipped off much goods
uncustomed, having wild and unruly seamen to help them ;
that Norton had sought to prevent this by getting other
lovers of the King to help him ; and that thereupon the
subtle mayor had indicted him and the said King's lovers
for illegal night watching. Taking advantage, too, of a
simple night affray in the fee of St. John [Temple Street],
by which the bailiff there and another man got broken heads,
the mayor had gone with great power into the fee, taken the
innocent lovers of the King out of their beds, haled them to
prison, and had now indicted them for riot. Their discharge
from this malice is also prayed for.

Hearing of this charge, the recorder journeyed to
Windsor, and found the King good and gracious, and

Some Curious Incidents in Bristol History. 283

taking no consideration of Norton, but ordered that the
grudges should be appeased. On May 21st the recorder
returned to Bristol, bearing a letter from the King to the
mayor, stating that, by the advice of his Council, he had
dismissed Norton's accusations and retained the mayor in
his good will, but required the grudges to cease — all which
he had showed at length to the recorder, who was also
"general attorney to our dear son the Prince," and whom
he appointed to sit in his name for a final conclusion of the
matter. Norton, it was added, had received a similar
command, and if he or any other, " boldly by cover of our
service," hereafter offended against the laudable laws of
Bristol, the mayor and his successors were directed to
proceed to their lawful punishment without delay.

Nevertheless, says the civic record, though the mayor
was ready to comply with the King's request, and the
recorder gave due attendance to carry it out, Thomas
Norton, drowned in presumptuous obstinacy, set aside
the King's commandment, and came not to Bristol until
the following Michaelmas, of which the recorder informed
the King, " and it is like that convenient remedy will
thereupon be purveyed."

The "Remembrance" thus closes, somewhat abruptly,
and no further mention of Thomas Norton is to be found in
the city records. Possibly some reference to him may turn
up in the State Papers of the period, but they are still
uncalendared. It may be surmised that he retained the
valuable office of Customer and his place at Court, as his
dismissal would scarcely have failed to be noted by the
civic scribes. William Spencer lived in high honour and
respect for several years after his persecution, and one of his
last acts of liberality, long cherished by civic dignitaries, is
also recorded in the Great Red Book. At a meeting of the
Common Council on October 5th, 1492, " the right worshipful
William Spencer, merchant, remembering the great charges
borne by the mayor and bailiffs in their offices," gave the

284 Transactions for the Year 1899.

Corporation the sum of ^87 6s. 8d. (equivalent to about
£1000 in modern currency), £10 of which were to be
delivered to every mayor, and ^67 6s. 8d. to the bailiffs
upon their entering office, on their giving good security
for the repayment of the loan on the following Michaelmas
Eve. In consideration of this boon, the bailiffs were
required to pay two shillings weekly to the chaplain of
St. George's Chapel in the Guildhall, which he was to
distribute amongst the poor.

Almost contemporary with the proceedings of Thomas
Norton, another event occurred in the city of a sensational
character. Early in the century, a youth, named William
Bird (often spelt Byrde and Brydd), migrated from a parish
near Gloucester to Bristol, and having in the course of a few
years become a prosperous merchant, he was elected a
member of the Common Council. In 1463 he was chosen
one of the bailiffs, a post, as has been seen, involving
considerable personal outlay; in 1469 he was appointed
sheriff; and in 1475 he was elevated to the chief magistracy.
But in the closing months of 148 1, whilst living in the
enjoyment of general esteem and respect, the citizens were
astounded by the announcement that he had been, or was
about to be, claimed as a "villein" by Lord de la Warre,
who threatened to recover him by action, like a runaway
beast, and who, if the claim could be established, would be
entitled to take possession of his property, and degrade his
wife and children into serfs. Measures, however, were
speedily taken by the worthy merchant and his friends to
disprove the allegations of the great landowner's agents, and
on the 18th March, 22nd Edward IV. (1482), another remark-
able entry was made in the Great Red Book. In substance,
it reads as follows : —

A Remembrance never to be put in oblivion, but to be
had in perpetual memory for a president (sic) to all slanderous
persons having their tongues more prompter to speak wickedly
than to say truth. Some such have maliciously of late

Some Curious Incidents in Bristol History. 285

slandered the worshipful person William Byrde, merchant,
alleging him to be a bondman born, and of bond birth
(extraction) and by descent a natifis (iiativus) of Lord de la
Warre as of one of his manors in Gloucestershire, to the
shameful vilipendie of the said worshipful man. Howbeit
the contrary is evidently proved by the testimonial sent to
Bristol by certain kinsmen, lovers, and friends of Byrde,
which was read this day in the Compter before the mayor
{John Forster) and his brethren.

The "testimonial" referred to is dated December 16th,
1481, but the collection of the signatures doubtless occupied
several subsequent weeks. It bore the autographs of Sir
Simon Mountford, William Berkeley, Esq., William Byr-
myngham, Esq., lord of Byrmyngham, twelve other
esquires, five yeomen of the Crown, the master of the
guild of Byrmyngham, and other residents there, and a
number of persons living in Worcester, Coventry, and other
places. The signatories certify that Phelepott Byrde,
grandfather of William, was born in Birmingham, and had
a free place in the same town by lineal inheritance of his
ancestors ; that Phelepott in his youth, having committed a
certain offence, fled to Bridleyp (Birdlip), Gloucestershire,
in the days of Richard II., and there wedded, and had
divers children ; but that the other Byrdes remained at
Birmingham, and had done so time out of mind, as free
men.

The threatened action was never raised. Mr. Bird died
in 1484, and was interred in the crypt of St. Nicholas, to
which church he bequeathed a rich cloth of gold ; and
twenty-one priests, with twenty-four men in frieze coats,
bearing torches, attended his funeral. He left a considerable
estate to his family, including a very large quantity of woad,
then a valuable article of commerce, and much silver plate.

THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY.
BY THE EDITOR.

The present state of the Transactions of the Society
cannot be considered altogether satisfactory. The volumes
are in arrear, members complain that they do not obtain
the volumes to which they are entitled, and secretly
or openly they talk about the Editor. The Editor, on the
other band, finds himself in the position of the Israelites
under the Pharaoh of the oppression, desired to produce
results without a due supply of the necessary material. On
the one side is the impression — " Ye are idle " ; on the other,
the obvious answer lies ready to hand — " The fault is in thine
own people."

And the evil is no new one. When the present Editor
first undertook the charge of the Transactions about five
years ago, the volumes were in arrear, and there was a great
lack of suitable material for publication ; so much so, that it
had become necessary to publish large extracts from the
"Pedes finium" in the Record Office. But this again was far
from being a satisfactory arrangement, the material itself was
more suited for a Record Series, and it gave a very dry and
uninteresting appearance to the Transactions.

The truth is that our Society is failing to accomplish a
very important part of the office which it was formed to fulfil.
The number of members who are so far interested in its
work as to help practically by contributions to the Trans-
actions is far too small. Members seem to fail to realise
that if they wish for volumes of Transactions they must
themselves contribute the necessary material for publication.
Ex nihilo nihil fit. It is not enough to send subscriptions
to the Treasurer without also sending contributions to the
Secretary or the Editor.

One reason for this condition of things no doubt lies in

The Transactions of the Society. 287

the fact that the Society is now passing through one of the
testing points of its history. It was formed at a meeting
held at the Bristol Museum on April 22nd, 1876, nearly a
quarter of a century ago ; and though some of those present
at that meeting are still with us, such as the Lord- Lieutenant,
who took the chair, the Venerable Bishop of Gloucester, Sir
Brook Kay, and the Rev. E. A. Fuller, most of those who
took an active part in local Archaeology at that time have
passed away : such as Sir W. V. Guise, the first President
of the Society ; Sir John Maclean, whose care and skill as
Editor made the Transactions what they were ; Archdeacon
Norris ; Bishop Clifford ; Messrs. S. H. Gael, John Taylor,
J. H. Nichols, W. George, and others. The old men — the
pioneers and founders — have passed, or are passing, and
there seems to be difficulty in finding younger people to
supply their places.

Moreover, it may seem that much of the more obvious
work of the Society has been done. Most of the places of
chief Antiquarian interest in the two shires which form the
district of the Society have been visited, not a few more than
once. A reference to the lists of contents of the volumes of
the Transactions would seem to show that much interesting
ground has already been covered, not a little of it by writers
who would leave but scant gleanings for those who would
follow them. But there are periods and subjects and places
which are almost untouched.

For periods, those of the Wars of Stephen, the Black
Death, the Wickliffite Movement, the Wars of the Roses,
and the Reformation would well repay careful study, and
not one of them has as yet been at all adequately treated
from a local point of view.

For subjects, little has yet been done with regard to the
systematic study of the Architecture of the two shires. Yet
how much might be learned and recorded in a district where
the tenth-century church at Deerhurst is still in use ; and
which is so rich, not only in remains of great churches, but
also in small churches of unusual interest, especially on the

288 Transactions for the Year 1899.

hills. Though Somerset far surpasses Gloucestershire in the
magnificence of its village churches, this very magnificence
has been dearly purchased at the cost of much that was
ancient and must have been beautiful : the little Cotswold
church possesses in its lowly Norman doorway a thing of
beauty which its greater neighbour to the south has too
often lost. The way is still open for someone to do for the
Gloucestershire and Bristol churches what Mr. Freeman did
for the churches of Somerset. Gloucestershire affords at any
rate far greater variety of style.

So with the castles of the district ; there is no good
account in the Transactions either of Bristol or Gloucester
Castle, though the former was one of the mightiest fortresses
in the kingdom. Berkeley Castle has been well treated; but
there is still room for good work with regard to the smaller
fortresses.

There is no really good paper as yet on the speech of the
Cotswolds. Of course, the subject of the West Saxon tongue
has been treated generally in many books and papers ; but
there is room for a paper by a resident of the hills who
knows their speech as his mother tongue. The northern
boundary of this speech is an interesting question. My
impression, drawn from school work, is that it did not cover
the extreme north of the shire. Is it gaining ground, or is it
receding to the south ? Is it dying out altogether before the
efforts of Her Majesty's Inspector, or do the children only
become bi-lingual ?

For centuries the growth of wool was the mainstay of the
population of the hills, and the cloth-trade the main industry
of the valleys. When and under what circumstances did
these industries grow up ? How far were they dependent in
the first instance and subsequently on the immigration of
foreigners ?

Our Society has existed for a quarter of a century without
any clear answer being returned to these questions ; will not
some member from the wool or cloth districts work out the
matter and supply an answer ?

The Transactions of the Society. 289

Domesday Gloucestershire contained a larger proportion
of serfs than any other English shire; and as late as 1574
Queen Elizabeth issued a commission "to enquire into the
lands and goods of her bondmen and bondwomen in
Gloucestershire and the shires to the south-west of it, in
order to compound with them for manumission." 1 Is it
possible to trace the process of emancipation ?

With regard to places, very little has yet been done to
throw light on the history of the smaller towns in the shire.
Cirencester is a notable exception, chiefly owing to the work
of the Rev. E. A. Fuller; and the paper by Mr. Russell James
Kerr on the "Borough and Manor of Newnham" shows how
very much may be learned and told in a most interesting
and helpful way about these small towns, if only people will
undertake the work.

Tewkesbury must have a history at least as interesting as
that of Cirencester. Will no one arise to do for the abbey
and town of Tewkesbury what Mr. Fuller has done for
Cirencester ? Tetbury and Thornbury, Chipping Sodbury
and Winchcombe, would no doubt yield as interesting a story
as that of Newnham. There are plenty of members of the
Society living near those towns, will they not undertake
the Antiquarian duty that lies nearest to them ? Sparta was
but a mere collection of villages, yet the old proverb had its
force : " Spavtam sortitus es, hanc oyna."

It is no excuse for members of the Society to say they
are too busy to undertake any extra work. Mr. Fuller was
Vicar of a large and poor Bristol parish when he wrote his
earlier papers ; and Mr. Russell Kerr was Chairman of Quarter
Sessions when he wrote his paper on Newnham.

The truth is that an outside interest like Archaeology
instead of being a hindrance to a man in his life-work is
a very real help to him. It is well known that Sir John
Maclean took up the study of Archooology late in life as a
relief under very heavy official work. He was advised by
his doctor that the best relaxation for him would be, not

Vol. XXII.

1 Encyc. Britt., Ed. VIII., Vol XX., p. 320.
20

290 Transactions for the Year 1899.

cessation from work, but change of work. I well remember
that a candidate for holy orders, twenty-seven j'ears ago,
was strongly recommended by Dr. Woodford, then Vicar of
Leeds, afterwards Bishop of Ely, always to have some
regular work on hand, apart from his ministerial duties, to
keep his mind fresh.

But if the men-contributors to the Transactions are few,
the women-contributors are fewer still. Yet the Transactions
have been enriched during many years past by a series of
papers written by the hand of a lady in the Forest of Dean,
which for accuracy of description and interest of style are
surpassed by none in our volumes. We have within our
district, in the Ladies' College at Cheltenham, one of the
very best girls' schools in England, and there are other
similar schools of almost equal repute which must be
sending forth year by year numbers of well-educated women,
some of whom might well take an interest in the history of
the district in which their lot is cast. Considering the
important place which the teaching of history now occupies
in women's education, it is not too much to hope that some
of this teaching will in the future bear fruit near home.

Another point in which the Transactions do not fulfil
their purpose is this, that they do not supply year by year a
record of discoveries of Antiquarian interest in the district.
Things are found and are lightly examined, or are not
really examined by any competent authority at all, and
are forgotten.

Or excavations are made, and no proper record is pre-
pared and left of what has been seen, and an opportunity
is irrecoverably lost. Cases in point are afforded by Mr.
Medland's paper on the remains found in 1893-4 on *ne s^e
of the Wilts and Dorset Bank at the Cross in Gloucester,
and the paper by Mr. Wilfred J. Cripps on the Roman
Basilica at Cirencester. In each case the digging revealed
objects of very great interest, which if they had not been
seen and described at the moment by a competent observer
could never have been described at all. There are local

The Transactions of the Society. 291

Secretaries of the Society at Bristol and in all parts of the
county, and it would be well if members and others who may
be interested in antiquities would always inform the local
Secretary of the district of any discovery of antiquarian
interest which may be made. And it would be most helpful
also if the local Secretaries would regularly send reports of
discoveries of general interest to the General Secretary or the
Editor for insertion in the Transactions. It is to be feared
that at present not a few things which ought to be recorded
escape notice.

Articles relating to the Archaeology of the district will
always be welcome, which either set forth new facts or throw
new light on things already known ; the one thing absolutely
necessary is accuracy, and as far as possible clearness of
statement. There must be many members of the Society
who have not yet contributed to the pages of the Transac-
tions, but who are quite capable of doing really good work.
It is most desirable, from every point of view, that the
number of working members of the Society should be
increased ; and it is much to be hoped that the beginning of
a new century, and of the second quarter-century of the life
of the Society, will be marked by a revival of interest in its
work, and that a real effort will be made to secure a wider
range of contributions to the Transactions. This, however,
can only be done by the efforts of the members generally ;
there is plenty of good work yet to be done, and it cannot be
doubted that there are people quite capable of doing it, if
only they would set their hands to the task. We may not
claim to be the equals of our Founders, but we ought at least
to try to follow in their steps.

Hotkcs of publications.

ANNALS OF BRISTOL IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

By John Latimer. Bristol : William Georges' Sons. 1900.

Air. Latimer has continued his most useful work as Centuriator 01 the
Annals of Bristol, and has now reached a point where both in its likeness
and its unlikeness the story affords a most interesting parallel to the life of
the city of to-day. The setting of the picture is the ancient city that we
know so well : the same churches ; the same streets ; the same city
officials ; for the most part also the same branches of trade and commerce ;
but with just enough unlikeness to prevent the tale from being dry and
monotonous. It is quite possible for one who has known the city well to
put modern names on the ancient characters, and to see them fulfil their
parts in the slightly altered scene with life-like exactness. With regard to
the points of difference, the first thing that claims attention is the very
great power and influence of Master Mayor and his brethren. Nothing
was too high for their control and nothing too small for their interference.
From the provision of sermons in the parish churches to the removal of
dungheaps, all things came under their ken. In 16S1 the Council
desired that their chief magistrate should develope into a lord mayor :
that official has recently had that high honour thrust upon him ; but it is
quite certain that, though he may have gained something in dignity, he is
hardly equal in practical importance to his predecessor of two centuries
ago. That ancient mayor was clad with modified magnificence: a hat of
crimson velvet trimmed with gold lace was provided for him in 1621, and
two robes of scarlet and fur were provided for the new and old mayors at
a cost of £25 14s. and /14 in 1633 ; but about the same time a bequest of
£150 for the purchase of a gold chain was refused by the Council, and it was
resolved that " in lieu thereof £100 for the poor was more requisite." His
salary varied from £40 in the early part of the century to nothing in 1644,
but for the greater part of the century the salary was £104 and double
during a second year of office.

The industries of the city were under the direct control of the Council.
"No shopkeeper could deal in goods made by men of other trades. No
carpenter could work as a joiner. No butcher could sell cooked meat. No
victualler could bake bread for sale. No one but a butcher could even
slaughter a pig. The hours of work, the rate of wages, and the number of
journeymen employed by a master were peremptorily fixed." A "foreigner"
was a person to be promptly suppressed ; if he traded with another foreigner,

Notices of Publications. 293

the goods were confiscated ; he could only trade with citizens at Back
Hall ; if he opened a shop, his windows were nailed down. But the
freedom was given on easy terms to strangers exercising arts unknown in
the city, who would therefore be useful to the community. Towards the
end of the century, however, it evidently became difficult to enforce this
exclusiveness, and in 1676 the Council was scandalised by the conduct of
one who had been nominated by the mayor for a gift of the freedom, but
who afterwards in saucy and impertinent language contemned and despised
the same; and though fines for admission to the freedom were exacted till
quite the end of the century, in 1703 the by-law against the intrusion of
foreigners was omitted from the city code. Mr. Latimer seems to under-
rate the average standard of comfort of the citizens in the period under
review ; certainly the many large sums raised during the period 1640 — 1660
would seem to imply a considerable diffusion of wealth, and the rapidity
with which prosperity returned and luxury arose would seem to show that
the community was by no means impoverished. But the place must have
been inconceivably filthy : the advent of Queen Anne of Denmark was the
signal for a general removal of dunghills from the streets ; in hard times
one of the first economies was the suppression of the salary of the
scavenger, never a highly paid official ; it became so frequently necessary
to open the water-pipes for the removal of dead cats which stopped the
supply, that in 1679 the springhead of the Quay pipe was covered in.
There is no wonder that visitations of the plague were frequent and sharp.
The most notable phases of ecclesiastical life were the poverty of the
clergy and the disputes of which the cathedral was the centre. These
disputes in the early part of the century raged around a gallery which had
been set up in order that the councillors and their wives might hear the
sermons, and afterwards on the question whether the mayor's sword
should go in procession standing up or lying down. An attempt by the
Chapter to withdraw the cathedral precincts from the jurisdiction of the
city was no doubt a result of these squabbles. Nearly all the city churches
had been appropriated to religious houses, and after the Reformation,
when masses and offerings ceased, there was no sufficient income for the
ministers. At various times during the century attempts were made to
obtain an Act of Parliament to rate the citizens for the support of the
clergy, and it is a very remarkable thing that the only attempts which
were successful were made under the Commonwealth. Acts of ! 'arliami
were passed for the purpose in 1650 and 1657, but they could not be
worked. Mr. Latimer thinks, no doubt correctly, that the Presbyterian
ministers were not illiterate men as they have been represented by some
local historians. Indeed the Presbyterian and Independent ministers
numbered many learned men in their ranks, and apart from the disturb-
ance caused by the Civil Wars, learning at the Universities docs not seem

2g4 Transactions for the Year 1899.

to have suffered. On June 3rd, 1679, while the Baptist congregation meet-
ing at Broadmead were still subject to interruptions in their worship, Mr.
Edward Terrell gave a considerable amount of property in lands and
houses, the income to be applied, /50 annually to ten poor persons, the
remainder for the " use and subsistence of a holy learned man, well skilled
in the tongues, to wit Greek and Hebrew, ... as a pastor and teacher
to the congregation aforesaid," and for the maintenance of poor students
for the Baptist ministry. And he thus laid the foundation of the endow-
ments which make Broadmead Chapel one of the wealthiest places of
worship in the city. He also gave a " study of books," 200 in number, of
Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and English authors, for the use of the minister
and students. It is a very great mistake to suppose that the founders of
Protestant Nonconformity despised either endowments or learning.
Judging from the Wardens' accounts of St. Thomas the Martyr the fabrics
of the churches were kept in sound repair, though such things as " tables,"
surplices, and organs fared badly. Bristolians of to-day will find this a
most interesting book. And perhaps they will not find themselves far from
home as they read of the good old muddly Bristol of two hundred years
ago; with its wealth and its untidiness; its comfort indoors and its dirt
without ; its good fellowship and its squabbles ; its party spirit and its real
efforts after the public good. At any rate, they will find clear evidences
of the vigour and industry which have made Bristol for the last eight
hundred years ever a greater city at the end of the century than it was at
the beginning, and which we trust will not fail to maintain the same
steady growth in prosperity for the time to come.

THE COMMUNE OF LONDON AND OTHER STUDIES. By
J. II. Round, M.A. Westminster: Archibald Constable and Co.
1899.

This is a collection of fifteen papers on various subjects ranging from the
settlement of the English to the fourteenth century, and as Mr. Round is
within the period which he has made his own they are well worth careful
study. The ghost of Mr. Freeman does not often appear, but Mr. Oman
bids fair to take his place. The two papers which seem to be of most
general interest are the first on the " Settlement of Sussex and Essex," and
the one which give its name to the volume. The first is really a valuable
contribution to the study of place-names. Mr. Round finds that the
-hams in Sussex follow the course of the rivers, while the -tons are on
the uplands, and he draws the conclusion that the district was settled by
people who ascended the streams in boats, that the -hams are the earlier
settlements, and that the -tons are later in date He does not, however,
mention the meaning of the word ham in such forms as " Keynsham hams,"
where it is applied to land by a riverside, and of which Canon Taylor

Notices of Publications. 295

writes thus: — * " It means primarily the ham or knee of an animal, and
seems to be also used to denote the bend or curve of a river. Where, in
the bends of a winding river like the Ouse near Bedford, we find a number
of villages with names ending in -ham, which are hemmed in by successive
curves of the stream, there is a presumption that this may be the meaning."
We have not many -hams in this district, but Conham, Hanham, and
Keynsham, Newnham and Arlingham, if not Tidenham, Churcham,
Highnam and Cheltenham, would fall under Canon Taylor's presumption ;
at any rate they are all riverside places, though we know that this district
was not settled from the west, but by invaders from the east after the
battle of Dyrham. There is nothing to show that the suffix -ton in
Gloucestershire denotes a late settlement. Rather the distribution is local.
Such names occur, on the west of Severn, north of a line from Gloucester
to Northleach, along the Wiltshire border and south of Thornbury ; there
are hardly any between Gloucester and Thornbury. The district west of
Severn includes the Forest of Dean, and that south of Thornbury was
occupied by the forests of Kingswood and Horwood, and settlement in
these parts was very likely late, but the explanation does not cover the
whole of the shire. No doubt there was some reason, but it is not apparent.
Air. Round gives two very useful words of counsel with regard to the
study of place-names. First, that all names in a district should be con
sidered, and not only those of villages and parishes ; for example, Henbury,
Shirehampton and Westbury would imply a purely English district, but a
more careful study would discover in Penpole, Penpark, Coombe, and the
"pills" along the Severn shore, a considerable survival of British names.
Secondly, that the existing forms of the names must be critically considered
and probably corrected before they can be used for purposes of comparison ;
for example, Calmsden is a name with no apparent meaning, but the form
Calmundesden shows that it meant Calmund's valley : Barnsley, near
Bibury, is shown to be Bearmod's lea, while the form Bituinacum, "the
place between the eas " or rivers Severn and Avon, is now Twining.

The paper on the " Commune of London " is interesting, as possibly
throwing light on the obscure question of the way in which a mayor came
to Bristol. Mr. Round could find no mention of a mayor of London
before the spring of 1193. The first mayor of Bristol appears in 12 17.
Henry III. was crowned at Gloucester on October 28, 1216, ami held a
council at Bristol on November 11 ; it is likely enough that the burgesses
seized the opportunity to obtain liberty to choose a mayor, and that the
constitution of the City of London was followed ; at any rate, in lati i
days Ricart, Town Clerk of Bristol, wrote thus: •" Forasmoche as this
worshipfull Toune of Bristowe hath alueis used comenly to execute his
iraunchisez and libertees accordinge in semblable wise as the noble Citee

1 Nanus and their Histories, ed, 1 (96, p. 370.

296 Transactions for the Year 1899.

of London hath used, and a grete part hath take his president of the said
Citee in exercising the same," therefore Ricart made copious extracts from
the constitutions of the City of London, which are contained in the
Camden Society's edition of his Calendar, pp. 93 — 113. In the article on
" Bannockburn," Mr. Round gives a much needed caution with regard to
the inflated numbers stated by Mediaeval Chroniclers. The Index is full
and well arranged.

THE ENGLISH CHURCH IN THE FOURTEENTH AND
FIFTEENTH CENTURIES. W. W. Capes. London: Macmillan

AND Co. igOO.

This is the third volume of a projected history of the Church of
England, which is to cover the whole period from its foundation to the
beginning of the nineteenth century, in seven volumes, each by a different
writer. The first volume, covering the period before the Norman Conquest,
appeared some time ago, the second has not yet been published, and the
third appears before it. The incident marks both the strength and weak-
ness of composite work of this kind ; there may be more special knowledge
of each period on the part of the writers, but there cannot be the same
unity of design and purpose. The book covers the period from the
Accession of Edward I. to that of Henry VIII., and the failure of Volume
II. to appear becomes a great and lamentable breach of continuity. For
instance, we very soon come to the refusal of the clergy, under the
influence of Archbishop Winchelsey in 1296, to grant an aid towards the
expense of the King's French war. The reason alleged was the publication
by Pope Boniface VIII. in the preceding February of the Bull— " Clericis
Laicos," in which he forbade the laity to exact or the clergy to pay secular
charges on Church property. But it would be quile safe to say that it
would never have entered the mind of an Archbishop of Canterbury before
the Conquest to refuse aid to the King on such a ground ; there is a whole
world of difference between the position of the Pope with regard to the
English Church at the earlier and the later period, and the difference is,
so far as the present work is concerned, as yet quite unexplained, a con-
dition of things has grown up which is quite unaccountable. Again, the
present volume covers a period which is on the whole one of moral and
spiritual decay, ending in the generation which produced in the statesmen
who ruled under Henry VIII. and Edward VI. the vilest crew to whom
the destinies of the English people have ever been committed. And there
is nothing to show how the English Church had reached the position which
she occupied under Edward I., for the golden period of Lanfranc and
S. Anselm, of S. Thomas of Canterbury and Stephen Langton, lies in the
omitted volume. So far however as Mr. Capes' own volume is concerned,
it can honestly be said that he has done his work thoroughly well. He

Notices of Publications. 297

does not deal with his subject in chronological order, but as a series of
subjects, taking one after another various incidents and aspects of Church
life and work, such as "The Black Death," "The Mediaeval Bishop and
his Officials," "The Cathedral Chapters and their Staff," "The Clergy
and Parish Life," " Schools and Universities," and so forth. So that a
careful reader will form a very clear idea of what the Church said and did
in her relations with the people. It was a period of much outward
magnificence ; all that is beautiful and noble in Decorated and Perpen-
dicular architecture belongs to it, and the bare walls as we now see them
give but a faint idea of what the buildings were when they were clothed
with the most beautiful ornaments which English wit could devise or
English wealth could buy. But the King's daughter was not all glorious
within, though her clothing was literally of wrought gold : the more
carefully the period is studied, the worse, morally and spiritually, it will
appear; it was a time of decay. The book docs not often touch on local
matters, though Bristol is mentioned with Oxford, London, and Leicester
as one of the chief centres of Wyclifnte influence in the last year of the
Reformer's life. No reason is given for the power of the movement in
this district, and the origin and nature of the connection of Wycliffe's
influence with Bristol and Gloucestershire have yet to be worked out. He
was only Canon of Westbury College for a fortnight. The book is care-
fully written, and gives a life-like picture of the work of the Church in all
its relations, from the Church ales and the guild meetings of the parish-
ioners, or their carving of the rood screen as at Yatton, or as we know the
screen at Banwell was carved by a parishioner, to the life of the monastery
or nunnery or Bishop's household ; it tells of the rise and discipline of the
Universities, and of the discipline and organisation of the Mediaeval
Diocese, and all in a very interesting way. There is a satisfactory Index,
and at the end of each chapter is a list of authorities for the period or
subject which has been under consideration.

THE RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS. London : Elliot Stock. 1S90.

This book is really the case for the Heralds' College put shortly from
the College point of view ; no other point of view is regarded as worth a
moment's consideration. But as giving a clear and concise statement of
the case for the College, it is of great value from a popular point of view,
and all the more because it gives a series of documents, with transl
for the benefit no doubt of the ignoble bearers of bogus coats of arms-
relating to the foundation and prerogatives and methods of procedure of
the College and its officials. From an historical point of view the most
interesting fact that emerges is the very short-lived existence of the
Heralds' Office as a court of control of coat-armour. The earliest
document issued by a king of England regulating the general use of arms

298 Transactions for the Year 1899.

was a writ of Henry V., dated June 2nd, 1417 ; it isaddressed to the sheriffs
of counties, directing them to compel all persons who bore arms to justify
their use before officers, to be appointed by the King, on pain of having the
arms and coat-armours stripped off and broken up.

In the reign of Richard III. the heralds, of whom Norroy is mentioned
as far back as the time of Edward I,, were incorporated into a college,
under the presidency of the earl marshal ; the first regular visitation was
held in 1528, the last in the reign of James II., and there were three
principal visitations throughout the whole of England, about 1580, 1620,
and 1666. After the Revolution, the coercive powers of the earl marshal's
court fell into disuse, and the period during which visitations were held
only extended over about 160 years. A form of summons is given, issued
by Thomas May, Esq., Chester Herald, and Gregory King, Rouge Dragon,
to the Bailiffs of the Hundred of Crowthorne and Minety, commanding
them to summon certain baronets, knights, esquires, and gentlemen, who
were named, and any others of like degree, to appear at the Swan Inn in
Cirencester, before 9.0 a.m., on August iSth, 1682. If, however, any of
those named could not conveniently bring their evidences, the earl
marshal's official would repair to his house as soon as he conveniently
might. There seem to have been no precise rules to guide the heralds in
these visitations, and nothing except the omission of arms from the
heralds' register happened to anyone who stayed away. He was excom-
municated from the society of the Heralds' College, but excommunication
had begun to lose its power, and if he was a man of assured position in
the county it is not likely that anyone thought worse of him. Certainly
no instance can be produced of the infliction of a money penalty. Still
there is no doubt that the evidence of the heralds' visitations for the
period which they cover is of great positive value ; if a man is entered as
entitled to bear arms, there is little doubt that the verdict was founded on
good evidence. But many people would think that the converse is by no
means equally true, and that it is likely enough that the lists do not
exhaust the number of those entitled to bear arms. Again, the main
contention of the book is without doubt correct, that a coat of arms is an
estate of inheritance which no man can assume, that it is as much a man's
possession as a field or a house, so that no one may take another man's
arms, and that if a man wants a coat of arms he can only get it from the
fountain of honour, the sovereign acting in this instance through the earl
marshal and his subordinates. It is a purely artificial system of no great
antiquity, and the book will by no means convince the gainsayers. The
British Philistine will continue to revert to the original type of seven
centuries ago, and assume such bearings as seem to him good; further, if
he thinks about the matter at all, he will say he pays the Queen for them
every year like an honest man on his tax-paper. The writer of the book

Notices of Publications. 299

hints only too delicately that the Duke of Norfolk, Clarencieux, Rouge
Dragon, and the rest are willing in the fulness of the powers committed to
them to confer (for a consideration) coat-armour, nobility and gentility
upon all and several. He would have done much to further his purpose if
he had stated the amount of the consideration. Many of the Philistines
are not poor, and only need clear instruction ; they would do the right
thing in the matter if they only knew the way to do it.

MRS. DENT, OF SUDELEY.

Mrs. Dent, who died on February 22nd, 1900, at the age of 77, was
a daughter of Mr. John Brocklehurst, of Macclesfield, and she
married, in September, 1847, Mr. John Croucher Dent, of Severn
Bank, Worcester. She found a beautiful heritage awaiting her.
Messrs. John and William Dent, uncles of her husband, had pur-
chased the Sudeley Castle estates from Lord Rivers and the Duke
of Buckingham, and restored the main fabric of the castle. Mr.
and Mrs. Dent went to Sudeley in 1857, on the death of their last
uncle, and at once began the restoration of the chapel, under the
direction of Sir Gilbert Scott : it was re-dedicated to the service of
God by the present Bishop of Gloucester in August, 1863. In 1877
she published a most interesting book, Annals of Winchcombe and
Sudeley, to a very great extent an outcome of the loving and reverent
care with which she had watched and guided the work of the com-
pletion of the castle, and of gathering the collection of treasures
which it contains. In 1S85 her husband died, and henceforward the
lady of Sudeley lived alone, for she had no children. But hers was
not a life that could be self-contained. In 1887 she provided at her
own expense a water supply from St. Kenelm's Well for the town of
Winchcombe, and afterwards a swimming bath. She was a thought-
ful and munificent contributor to the work of beautifying the parish
church of Winchcombe, of which she was patroness. At the west
end she placed a stone screen and statues of Kings Kenulf and
Henry Vlth, and she placed a new clock in the tower; and at the
east end she placed a fine oak screen within the choir. She gave
also a new pulpit and font cover, and restored the churchyard
cross. At her expense the site of Winchcombe Abbey was explored ,
and the position of the church was ascertained ; and here she
erected a cross in the centre of the tower. She took a lease of the
land surrounding the barrow at Belas Knap, and built a wall so as
to secure the barrow against dilapidation. The two Roman villas
on her estate, those at Spoonley and in the Wadfield, were excavated
at her expense ; she built substantial sheds over the tesselated pave-
ments, and surrounded the Wadfield villa with a wall. Among

In Memoriam. 301

other good works for the town of Winchcombe, she preserved from
destruction the beautiful Jacobean house which is one of the
ornaments of the place, she enlarged the almshouses and heated
them throughout, and built a large class-room for the girls' school.
The closing years of her life were saddened by partial failure of
sight ; but this did not check her interest in her beautiful home, or
her care for the welfare of those around her. Her health had failed
about six months before her death, which followed at last on an
attack of influenza.

MR. C. J. MONK.

By the death of Mr. Monk another of the founders of our Society
has passed away. He was present at the Inaugural Meeting at the
Bristol Museum, on April 22nd, 1876, as M.P. for the city of
Gloucester, and as Chancellor of each of the dioceses of Bristol
and Gloucester. He proposed the resolution nominating the
various officers of the new Society, about fifty in number, and after
reading the names he observed that in his opinion they had been
chosen with great judgment and care. Mr. Monk was best known
as M.P. for the city of Gloucester, for which constituency he was
first elected in 1859, and which he represented also in the last
Parliament, declining re-election when that Parliament came to an
end, only six weeks before his death. He was born at Peterborough,
of which cathedral his father was Dean from 1822 to 1830, and he
was educated at the College School, Gloucester, at Eton, and at
Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1S47, after a
most brilliant University career. He was called to the Bar at
Lincoln's Inn in 1S50. During the whole of his long and honour-
able career, Mr. Monk showed the greatest interest in all that
concerned the welfare of the city of Gloucester. He began the
movement which resulted in the building of St. Catherine's Church.
When the College School was revived he gave £1000 for the
endowment of Scholarships in his old school ; and he was a most
liberal benefactor to the Cathedral Restoration Fund, the School of
Art, the Infirmary, and to other local charities. Mr Monk, who
was a life member of our Society, died of heart seizure on \'ovcml» r
9th, 1900, in his 76th year.

302 In Memoriam.

MR. WILLIAM GEORGE.

Mr. William George, one of the promoters and founders of this
Society, died at his residence in Durdham Park, Bristol, on the ioth
January, 1900, within a few days of completing his 70th year. He
was a native of Dunster, to which his family had removed from
Hampshire in the previous century. Having lost his father when a
boy, he was sent to Bristol by Mr. T. Fownes Luttrell, of Dunster
Castle, and was apprenticed to his uncle, Mr. William Strong, of
College Green, at that time the most extensive bookseller in the
city. Through the death of that gentleman before his term of
servitude had expired, the youth was thrown upon his own resources,
and forthwith commenced business on his own account in Bath
Street, where he soon acquired repute amongst book collectors.
He subsequently removed to more extensive premises in Park
Street, and eventually retired from an active career about twenty-
five years ago, owing to failing health. From an early period Mr.
George was a keen and indefatigable student of the history and
bibliography of Bristol and the adjoining counties, in which pur-
suits he was aided by a memory of facts, dates, names, and family
connections that was often the marvel of his friends, and he left
behind him a vast store of valuable manuscript material and many
literary and artistic rarities. As his peculiar talents became known,
appeals for information flowed in upon him from inquirers in all
parts of the kingdom, as well as in Canada and the United States,
and the labour he ungrudgingly bestowed in responding to such
demands made inroads on his time that seriously interfered with
his own literary projects. A devoted admirer of Chatterton, he had
planned a work intended to deal exhaustively with the unhappy
poet's life in Bristol, and to throw much light on his local contem-
poraries ; but after a few preliminary sheets had passed through the
press the design was abandoned. Besides his contributions to the
Transactions of this Society, Mr. George was an occasional con-
tributor to the Transactions of the Somerset Archaeological Society,
and more frequently to the A thenceum, Notes and Queries, Gloucestershire
Notes and Queries, and the Bristol and Somerset newspapers, and the
information thus afforded was always novel and often valuable.

In Memoriam. 303

Some of these essays were the fruits of long research, and were
printed in a pamphlet form for distribution amongst his friends.
He also supplied many items, directly or through others, to the
Dictionary of National Biography. His best known production,
" Some Account of the Oldest Plans of Bristol," originally appeared
as a contribution to the fourth volume of this Society's Transactions,
and was subsequently published separately in an extended form,
accompanied by three rare illustrations. By his first wife Mr. George
left three sons and a daughter. His second vife, who survives him,
is childless.

INDE X

Abbenes, Richard de, 202, 203
Abbewei, Land, 184
Ablington, Ancient Name, 62

Lands at, 62

Manor, 65

Manor House (illus.), 62, 65, 66
Arms in, 147

Built by Cornelius Jansen, 66
Inscription at 65, 67
Old Oak at, brought from Bibury

Church, 65
Portraits at, 65

Old Manor House (illus.), 67

Visit of the Society, and Notes on, 65
Abury, Church Windows, 65
Acchecumbe, Land at, 226
Acholte. See Kingswood
Acre, Crusaders at, m
Acton, John de, 217, 219, 235
Adee, S within, 139

Family, Arms of, 139
Adrian, Symon, 158, 176, iyi
Aelhun. See Alhwin
Agodeshalve, Geoffrey, 158
Aguillon, Margaret d', 147

Sir Robeit d', 117

Family, Arms of, 147
Ainge, Family, Arms of, 143
Aix-la-Chapelle, Curia ot King Richard

at, 106
Albini, Philip de, 87
Alcester, Robert, Abbot of Hayles, 259
Alcock, John, Bishop of Worcester, 281
Alderley, Manor, 27

Aldred, Subregulus of the Iluiccians, 61
Aldrinctun, Grange, 232
Aldwine, Bishop of Lichfield, 61
Alexander IV., Pope, 105, 107
Alexander, Brother, 214
Aleynghurst, 253
Alfonso of Aragon, Constance, widow

of, III
Algar, 19,38

Alhwin, Bishop ot Worcester, 61
Alitor, Osbern d', Parson of Hastleach

Turville, 119
Alkerton, Lord ot the Manor of, 128, 130

Manor of, 130
Almain, Earl of Gloucester, 119
Almaine, Henry of, Richard, Earl of
Cornwall, and, 1209— 1272, by St.
Ci-air Baddeley, 86—114
Almaine, Henry of, 102, 103, 107—113,258

Anns of, 113

Burial of, 112, 113, 258

Constance, wife of, in

Funeral Mass for, at Norwich, 113

Knighted, 106

Made Prisoner in France, 108

Murder of, no, 112, 258
Almeries— Bibury, 65

Quenington, 60

Southrop, 55
Almundestre, Roger de, 184

Vol. XXII.

Alphonse, Count of Poitou, 93, 102
Alwyn, 24

Ameneye, William of, 171
Ampney Crucis, Ancient Name, 23

Church, Arms in, 13S — 139
Description of, 24
Window, 2j

Cross, Description of (illus.), 24 — 26
Crucifix on, 51

Domesday Extent of, 23

House, Elizabethan Chimney-piece
at, 26

Land in, 23

Manor, 24, 26

Manors in, 24

Park, Ceiling and Mantelpiece at, 26

Visit of the Society, and Notes on
the Church and Manor, 23 — 26
Ampney St. Mary, Church, 26

Manor of, 26
Amyand, Family, Arms of, 142
An.ii< \v, 198
Anesleye, John de, 239
Anford, John de, 161

Juliana de, 161
Anguillara, Count of. See Rosso
Anian I., Bishop of St. Asaph. 1 1
Anjou, Court of. See Charles
Anne, Queen, 12, 129, 134
Annesdene, Land, 250
Ap Adam, Thomas, 9

Family, 9
Ap Gronow, Lloyde, Arms of, 138
Ap Owen, Evan, 1 }8

Family. Arms of. 1
Aperle, Nicholas of, 170
Appleby, Family, 62
Aquitaine, Deputation ot the Nobli

to Henry III., 87
Archci , Philip, 168

Thomas le, 236, 25 \
Ardarne, Richard and Matilda bis wife,

Grant of Land to, 249—252
Aries, Potteries at, 6p
Arlingham, Township of, 153
Armorial Bi ; —

Ablingti 'ii House, 147

Ampney Crucis Church, 138—139

Bibury Church, 146

Bibui y Coui t, 147

Oh H 1 26, i ( t

Coin St. Aldwyn's Church, 1 16
Hou e, 1 15, 146

Cri] 1 '■ ' ■ '3<j

1 ,i 1 b rch. 40, 140,

Fai 1 ingdon, I ittle, ( nurch, 5<>, mi

Hatherop 1 hurch, 145
House, 1 11

Hayles Abbey, 111, 148—149,265—266,

I angford Church, 143—144
Lechlade Church, 45, 47, 142 — 143
Meysey Hampton Church, 30, 139—

I|o

306

Index.

Armorial Bearings in (continued)—

Quenington Church, 145

Southrop Church, 53, 54, 144

Winchcomb Church, 148
Armorial Bearings of —

Adee, 139

Aguillon, 147

Aiuge, 143

Almaine, Henry of, 113

Amyand, 142

Ap Gronovv, 138

Ap Owen, 138

Arnold, 138, 139

Ashley, 141

Atkyns, 142

Austin, 140

Baker, 145

Barrantyne, 149, 265

Bathurst, 142

BayliSj 148

Beach, 145

Beale, 133

Beauchamp, 40

Beauchamp, Thomas de, Earl ot
Warwick, 269

Bessborough, Earl of, 144

Blagrave, 139

Blomer, 144, 145

Bouchier, 63

Bowen, 138

Broderwick, 143

Browne, 145

Burgh, de, 14C

Chute, 142

Clare, de, 30, 268

Clarke, 140

Colston, 140

Compton, 149, 266

Conway, 144
Sir Thomas, 53

Cooke, 142

Cooper, 144

Copley, 144

Corbett, 141

Cornwall, 147
Earl of, 268

Courcy, 147,

Courtenay, 147

Coxeter, 142

Coxwell, 146, 147

Creswell, 146

Creuikere, 144

Dalingruge, 147

Den, de, 147

Dennis, 141

Despencer, 40, 269

Driver, 17

Eleanor of Castille, 269

England, 268

Estcourt, 146

Evesham Abbey, 149, 266

Ferrers, 111

Fettyplace, 143

Fitz-Alan, 265

Fowler, 10, 126

Freeman, 138

Gorges, 141

Grevill, 141

Grey, 149

Hall, 146

Hamersley, 143

Hastings, 269

Hauteville, 140

Hawes, 148

Hayles Abbey, 100, 271

Head, 146

Herbert, 138

Heton, Bishop of Ely, 140

Armorial Bearings or (continued) —
Heytesbury, 147
Hicks, 145, 146
Hick?-l'each, 146
Hinson, 138
Hobby, 146
Hodges, 1 (3
Horton, 140
Huddleston, 149, 265
Hungerford, 147
Hussey, 147
Hutchins, 149
Ireton, 145
Jenner, 139
Keble, 54, 144
Knox, 142
Lloyd, 138, 139
Loder, 143
Lygon, 141,
Lynde, 140, 147
Lyttleton, 140
Margaret of France, 2C9
Margetson, '44
Marshall, 92
Mauley, 145
Meysey, 29, 30
Milward, 142
Mitchell, 146
Moncaster, 14S
More, 140
Morgan, 141
Mortimer, 269
Murray, 148
Neville, 147
Oldisworth, 140
Pennington, 148
Percy, 148, 266
Perrot, 68
Peverel, 147
Plantagenet, 143

Richard, Earl of Cornwall, 271
Pleydell, 139, 143
Ponsonby, 144
Powle, 145
Poynings, 149, 266
Prunes, 143
Reason, 139, 143
Redy, 140
Renshaw, 148
Roche, 144

Romans, King of the, 26S
Russell, 141
Sackville, 146, 147
St. Maur, 29, 30
Sanchia of Provence, 114, 268
Saunders, 139
Savory, 141
Shirley, 149
Simons, 142
Stapleton, 265
Stephens, 10, 123, 126, 1 1 1
Symons, 142
Tame, 40, 141
Toney, 269
Tracy, 140, 1 |S
Trotman, 148
Turner, 143
Twinyhoe, 46, 47, 141
Tyriugham, 141
Uchdryd, 139
Vaughan, ijS
Vaux, 140

Wakefield, Henry, Bishop of Wor-
cester, 269
Warneford, 746, 147
Warwick, Earls of, 40
Watkins, 139
Webb, 139, 144, 145

Index.

307

Armorial Bearings of (continued)
Whittington, 140
Williams, 148
Winchcomb, 148
Wotton, 146
Yorkist, 40
Zouche, 29
See also Heraldry
Arnald, William, 249
Arnold, Family, Arms of, 138, 139
Ashbrook. See Ainpney St. Mary
Ashley, Lady Barbara, 57
Family, Arms of, 144
Ashley-Cooper, Anthony, Earl of Shaftes-
bury, 57
Ashton Hall, 123
Assart, Meaning of, 219
Asschemerseye, Land, 249
Asscliemeslad, Land, 249, 250
Asshe, Thomas, Yeoman of the King's
Chamber and Comptroller of the
Port of Bristol, 277, 279
Asshel worth, Robert de, 242
Aston, John de, 177
Athold, Manor, 256
Atkyns, Family, Anns of, 142
Atte Mere, Walter, 247, 249, 250, 251
Atte Slype, Margaret, 170

Ralph, 170
Aubeny, Lord d', 65
Auckesbury. See Hawkesbury
Aula, Jordan de, 218
Austin, Family, Arms of, 140
Avene. See Avon
Avening, Barrow, Long, at, 20
Church —
Altar of the Holy Rood, 17
Bells, 19

Destroyed by Fire, 14
Font, Norman, 16
Hagioscope, 17
Lady Chapel, 14

Early English, 14, 15, 18
Norman Doorway, 15, 16, 18
l'arvise, 15, 18
Piscina, 14, 17, 18
Recluse's Cell, 17
Rectors, 19
Rood Screen, 16

Visit of the Society, and Descrip-
tion of (illus.), 12 — 20
Windows, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18
Lord of the Manor of, 18
Manor, 19, 20

Nailswoi th Chapel a Chapelry of, 21
Prehistoric Stone Chambers at, 20
Avon, River, 12, 13, 164, 166, 167, 170
Aylward, 253

Baa, Leuina de, 178

Baddiilkv, St. Clair ; Richard, Earl of
Cornwall, and Henry of Al-
maine, 1209 — 1272, h6 — 1 1 i

Bagge, Nicholas, 162

1 la rstone, Grange, 232

Bagpatb, Land, 237, 238

Baker, George, Anns of, 115, 147
Margery, 172

Baldwin, 24

Balle, Richard, 181

Bammeswet, Ralph, 170

Banc, Baitholoinew la, 182, 185, 186, 190,
nil, '96, 204, 206

Bancs, Gilbert Cissor de, 157

Bank, Ralph le, 213

Banni byre, Joan de, 171, 172

Banner, William, Yeoman, 27G

Barbe, William, 1-1

Bardeney.Symonde, Mayor of Bristol, 138
Bareball, T., 199
Baret, Adam, 184
Alured, 184, 191

Roger, 182, 186, 191, 203, 204, 205, 216,
221
Barker, Mr., 27
Barker's Brook, Stream, 43
Barlychhulle, Land, 250
Barlynghull, Land, 247
Barnewell, John, 249

Roger, 249, 250, 251
Barnsley Church, Description of, 68
Font, 68
Norman Horseshoe Chancel Arch,

68
Windows, 68

Norman light at, brought from
Daglinworth, 68
Manor, 67, 68
Notes on the Manor and Church,

67—68
Park, Built by Henry Perrot, 68
Barrantyne, Mary, 149, 266
Sir William, 266
Family, Arms of, 149, 265
Barre, Humphrey de la, 214, 218
Barrow, Long — Avening, 20

Rodmarton, 21
Bartfield, Richard, 273
Barton, Matthew de, 165
Baskerville, William de, 112
Basset, Fulk, Bishop of London, 103

Family, 65
Bat, Roger, 162
Bath, Henry de, 178

John de, 178
Bath Abbey, 40

and Wells, Bishop of. See Bitton,

William de; Saturn
Altar found at, dedicated to the
Sulevae, erected by Su inus,6g,70
Inscription on, 70
Bathurst, Lawrence, 142
Mary, 142
Family, 44
Arms of, 142
Battle Abbey, Dedication of, 169
Bazeley, William ; The Abbey of St.
Mary, Hayles; Brief Sketch of
its History and Report of the
Excavations in 1899 and ig ,

257—271
Notes on the Church and Manor of

Ampney Crucis, 23 — 26
Notes on Calcot Barn, 2
Notes on the Manor and Church ol
Fairford, 37 — 42
Bazley, Garhnkk S. ; Stained and

Painted Glass (illus.), 73—85
Bayeux, Bishop of. Sei •
Baylis, Family, Arms ot
Beach, Family, Arms of, 145
Beaga, 62

Beale, Catherine, 123, 136
Arms ol.
Robert, Clerk to Queen Elizabeth,
1 ii. 136
l'.citi 11 < ol l'i uvence, 9S.
Beam camp, Mai an t, .'69

Thomas de, Fail ol Warwick, Arms
of, 269

Willi. iin.

Family, 38
Arms, 1 0
Bcauflur, Ralph, 1 9
Walti
William,

3o8

Index.

Beaufort, Edmund II., Duke of Somerset

and Marquis of Dorset, 281
Beaulieu Abbey, 257

Abbot, See Hugh

Dedication of, 99

Estates of, 47

Founded by King John, 88

Grant of Land to, 49, 53

Isabella, Countess of Gloucester and
Cornwall, buried at, 92
Discovery of Tomb of, 92

Monks of, 99

Visit of Richard Plantagenet, Earl
of Cornwall, 99
Beaumont, Family, 65
Bedwell, Family, 27
Beel, John, 162
Beettesest, Land, 247
Beidunesslade, Land, 184
Belasyse, Barbara, 57

John, Lord, 57
Belchere, Hugh, 168
Bell, Richard, 175
Benecumbe, Robert de, 226
Bercham, Richard de, 158, 1C8, 178
Bereman, Alan, 159
Berenger, Raymond, Count of Provence,

89
Berewyke, Henry de, 175, 176
Berkeley, Adam de, 216, 218, 220

Elizabeth, 256

Henry de, 243

John, Lord of Dursley, 256

John de, 243

Lords of, 159

Maurice de, 224

Lord Maurice de, 253

Oliver de, 185, 186, 190, 193, 202, 203,
204

Philip de, 206

Robert de, 224, 242, 2r3

Roger de, Lord of Dursley, 9, 242, 256

Thomas, Lord, 3, 5, 9, 255

Thomas de, 162, 224, 225, 253
Court of, at Radeclyve, 170

William, 285

William, Lord of Dursley, 256

Family, 9
Berkeley, 239, 240, 242

Borough of, 155

Hundred, 153, 155, 157

King's Hundred of, 9

Vicar of, 215, 217, 219, 221
Berham, Walter de, 158
Berkham, Richard de, 163
Berkhampstead, 89, 114
Berman, Robert, 1O4

Sely le, 166
Bernard, Henry, son of, 191, 192

Henry, 205

John, 248, 249, 250

Walter, 186, 203, 205, 231
Bertun, Walter de, 190
Berwick, 114

Besill, Thomas, Clerk of, 219
Bess, Sir John, no
Bessborough, Earl of, Arms of, 144
Best, Adam, 170
Bethlesdene, Monks of, 205
Beumund, Joan 178
Beversalevelde, Land, 183
Beverston, Castle, 4

Barbican (illus.), 8

Barn near, 9

Besieged by the Parliamentary

Forces, 9
Built by Maurice de Gaunt and
Thomas, Lord Berkeley, 5

Beverston, Castle (continued)—
Chapel, 7, 8
Piscina, 7
Sedilia, 7
Window, 7
Devastated by Fire, 7
Colonel Oglethorpe, Governor of, 9
Possessors of, 9

Visit of the Socieiy, and Descrip-
tion of (illus.), 5 — 9
Church, Berkeley Chapel, 3
Font, 4
Hagioscope, 3
Piscina, 4

Picture of S. Christopher, 4
Rector of, 228

Rood Screen, Restoration of, 4
Sculpture, 3

Visit of the Society, and Descrip-
tion of (illus.), 2 — 5
Wall Paintings, 4
Windows, 3, 4
Earl Godwin, Harold and S weyn at, 9
Land, 183
Manor, 9
Bibury, Ancient Name, 62
Church, 62
Almeries, 65
Arms in, 146
Jurisdiction of, 62, 64
Old Oak at Ablington Manor House

brought from, 65
Piscinas, 65

Visit of the Society, and Descrip-
tion of, 64, 65
Windows, 64, 65
Court (illus.), 62
Arms in, 147

or Manor House, built by Sir
Thomas Sackville, 64
Lands at, 62
Manor, 64, 67
Extent of, 62
Norman Villa at, 65
Visit of the Society, and Notes on,
(illus.), 62 — 65
Bigoi re, Count of. See Chabannois
Bilesby, Henry de, 214, 215, 217, 218, 242,

243
Bird, Phelepott, 285

William, Bristol Merchant, claimed

by Lord de la Warre as villein,

284-285
Buried in the Crypt of St. Nicholas,

Bristol, 285
Birdlip, 2S5
Birdwood, 157

Birmingham, William, Lord of, 285
Birmingham, Master of the Guild ot, 2^5
Bisley, Mathew de, 219

W. de, 215, 219
Bisley, Parish of, 202
Bitton, William de, Bishop of Bath and

Wells, 103
Blackwell, Samuel, 24

Family, 59
Blagrave, Arms of, 139
Blakeford, Alice de, 171
Blakenaker, Land, 229
Blakers, Walter, 167
Blakingrove, Land, 184
Blaye, Henry III. and English Army at,

97
Bley, Roger de, 232
Blomer, John, 55
Mary, 55, 144
Family, 55, 119
Arms ol, 144, 145

Index.

309

Blund, John le, 220

Richard le, Bishop of Exeter, 99, 103
Bohun, de. Family, 67, iog
Boilond, Richard de, 219
Bollecote, Land, 207, 208
Bolre, Richard, 165
Boltere, Robert le, 166
Bond, Richard, 278
Boniface, Archbishop of Canterbury,

98, 114
Bonilace VII., Pope, 112
Bonsergiant, John, 161
Bordeaux, Bishop of, 87

Convent at, 97

Wine-merchants of, 107
Bosworth Field, Battle of, 27
Boteler, Adam le, 164

Hereward le, 164
Bottelavv Hundred, 157
Bouchier, William, 68

Family, 68
Arms of, 68
Bowcot. See Bollecote
Bower,, Family, Arms of, 138
Boxwell, Rector of, 131, 133, 134
Boys, William de, 166
Brachel, John, 230

Walter de, 205
Bradenstoke, Priory of, founded by
Walter d'Hvreux, and Sybilla
de Chaworth, his wife, 55
Bradeston, Robert de, 208, 225
Bradley, Henry de, 203

William de. 103, 203, 204
Bradley, Hundred uf, 157
Bradpen, 253

Bradstonesforlang, Land, 184
Braneford, 279
Brasses, Monumental, at —

Coin St. Aldwyn's, 146

Fairford Church, 42, 141

Inglesham Church, 48

Langford Church, 143

Lechlade Church, 46

Quinton, 17
Bracks, MONUMENTAL, of —

Clopton, 17

Grevill, hi

Pleydell, 143

Prunes, 143

Reason, 143

Tame, Sir Edmund, and Alice his
wile, 42, 141

Townshend, John, 46

Twinyho, 46, 141
Braybrok, William, 165
Brech, La, Land, 250
Bredebrug', Henry de, 234
Brerigarston, Land, 184
Bi et, Robert le, 175

Breteuil, Roger de, Earl of Hereford, 59
Brethe, Land, 192
Brctun, William, 203
Hi ian, .Sk Poynings
Brictric, 19, 38
Brid, John, 159

Randolph, 167

Robert, 159, 167
i ; id 1 , Henry, Monument of, 18
Bridleyp. See Birdlip
Bi inton, Adam de, 175
Bristilton, Robert of, 171
Bristol], W. de, 217
Bristol, Arras Tower, 171

Avene Marsh, 175

Castle, 166
Champayne, John, Gatekeeper of,
177

Bristol (continue!) —

CastJe, Chapel, Dedication of, 169
Churches —

All Saints', 159, 161, 165

Brethren of Mount Cai

Brethren of the Sack, 168, ioj

Friars' Preachers, 1

Grey Friars, 278

Holy Trinity, 159, i6j, 161

St. Augustine the Greater, 163

St. Augustine the Less, 165, .
William, Vicar of, 175

St. James, 163, 162, 167. 169

St. John de Bradeforde, 167

St. John de la Redcclyve, 159, 168

St. Leonard, 173

St. Martin, 169

St. Mary de la Redeclyve, 159, 16;,,
167, 170, 171

St. Nicholas, Crypt of, William
Bird buried in, 285

St. Owens, 159, 162

St. Peter, 15 1, 163, 167

St. Philip and St. Jacob, 166, 170

St. Thomas, 168, 171

St. Werburge, 165
Compter, 276, 285
Council House, 273, 277
Dean of, Christianity of, 161, 178
Englishry, Charter of Exemption

from, 171
Fines for, 151, 152
Gaol Delivery of, 178
Great House in St. Peter's Church-
yard, 272, 273
Guildhall, 280

St. George's Chapel in, 2S4
Hospitals —

St. Bartholomew, 178

St. John, Stephen, Master of, 174

St Mark's, 165
Jordan of the Malthouse, 173
Kings' Hundred of, 177
Lafiorde's Gate, 177
Lands in, 274
Market, 177

fohn, the Clerk of the, \f>z
Marshal of, 194
Municipal Records —

Great Red Book of the Corpor-
ation of, 272, 2S3, 284
Document in, relating to

Trial of Thomas Norton,

275—283
Remarkable Entry in, relati ig
to William Bird, 2^4—21:5
Pipe Lane, 174

nvn at, 1 i Bdward I.,
by E. A. Fuller, 150—178
Pi ison, 163
Redclifl Stn et, 171
Court of Thomas de Berkeli

170
Prison of Thomas de Berkeley
in, 159, 162
St. Augustine's Abbey, John, the

Cook of the Abbut of, I
St. James's, Pi ioi v of. 1 1 rsi

iald de, I tiaplain of , 1 9
Rob 1 "i thi !

ol, 166

St. Michael's Hill, 157, 171
St. Petei 's Cburcb
Savoy, ^78

Sri . I -|

S0111 leuts in 1

History, by J. Lati
-J85

21 A

3io

Index.

Bristol (continued) —

Temple Fee, 277, 282
Trial by Combat at, 173
Tolzey, 274
Brittany, Expedition of Henry III.

to, 87
Broadwell Church, Font, 68
Broderick, Francis, 143

Saphina, 143

Family, Arms of, 143
Brodesierd, Land, 113, 184
Brokeleyesflad, Land, 238
Brome, Agnes, 236

Laurence de, 236
Grant of Land to, 237, 238
Bronderuppe. See Eastleach
Browne, Family, Arms of, 145
Brucetus, Sulinus, son of, 70
Bruerne, Abbey, Monks of, 119
Bruges, John of, and Clarice his wife, 174

William de, 176
Bruggeaunt, William de, 234
Brun, John, 176

Thomas, 161
Brunegrove, Sampson de, 214
BruseJaunce, John, 157
Bruth, John le, Lord of Weston, 230
Bruton Priory, 10, 122, 129

Cell of, at Horsley, 129
Brydd. See Bird
Brydewode. Sec Bridvvood
Bryselaunce, John, 175
Buccleugh, Duke of, 47
Buchine, La, Land, 204, 231
Buckhurst, Robert of, 147
Budeford, Geoffrey de, 235, 236

Jordan de, 235, 236
Buledene, Land, 183
Bull, George, Rector of Avening and

Siddington, 19
Bunz, Henry, 235
Burdon, John, 248
Burgh, Hubert de, Justiciar, Fall of, 87

Jane Adeliza Clementina Hussey de,

137
Family, Arms of, 146
Burgred, King of the Mercians, 38
Burifeld, Land, 241
Burthorpe. See Eastleach Martin
Burton, G. de, 219
Butevillain, William, 184, rgt, 192
Butine, La. See Buchine
Buxvvell, Robert de, 220
Byfloid, Mill of, 253
Byndedevel, Roger, 159
Byrde. See Bird

Caen, Abbaye aux Dames, Grant to, 19
Cairo, Sultan of, 94
Cake, Richard, 169
Calchushull, Land, 241, 242
Calcot, Hugh de, 207, 209

W. de, 192
Calcot Barn, Built by Henry, Abbot of
Kingswood, 2
Carved Stone at, 2
Inscription in, 2
Partly Destroyed by Fire, 2
Visit of the Society, and Description
of, 2
Caldicote Grange, 206
Abbot of, 197
Monks of, 230
Land, 227, 236
Calfhage, Roger de, 203

■ m III., Popi
Calne, John de, 160
Richard de, 176

Cam, Hamlet of, 239, 240
Camberlanus. See Chamberlain
Cambridge, Friars of the Sac at, 169
Camerarius, William, 184
Camme, Henry de, 225

Ralph de, 208
Cantilupe, Walter de, Bishop of Worces-
ter, 100, 103
Canterbury, Archbishops of. See Boni-
face ; Langton ; Rich
S. Thomas of, 116
Canynges, William, Mayor of Bristol,

274. 275. 278
Capel, John, 240, 242

William, 242
Caperun, Geoffrey, 226

P., 220
Caposalvi, Signor, Architect, 113
Cardiff, John de, 158
Carpenter, David the, 172
Philip the, 217
Robert the, 173
Silvester the, 173
Thomas, 235
Walter the, 169
Wililam the, 169
Carter, T., 196, 198
William le, 247
W., 196
Catherine of Arragon, Queen, 44
Cementarius. See Mason
Chabinnois, Agnes, in
Constance, in

Eskivat de. Count of Bigorre, m
Chalelege, W. de, 196
Chamberlain, William, 191
Champayne, John, gatekeeper of Bristol

Castle, 177
Chandos, Edmund Lord, 27

John, Lord of Sudeley, 18
Chaplin, Major, 126
Charles I., 40, 130
Execution of, 131
and Queen Henrietta, Traditional

Visit to Hatherop Castle, 57
Trial of, published in a book called
"England's Black Tribunall," 132
Charles II., Restoration of, 131
Charles of Anjou, King of Naples and
Sicily, 103, no, in, 113
Taken prisoner by the Sultan, 102
Charlton, Adam de, 182, 183, 185, 186, 191,
192
Richard de, 252
Roger de, 186
Charlton, Land, 183, 185, 186
Charteshull, Roger de, 11,6, 198
Charteshull, Grange, 232
Chausi, Gi-:>tln y de, 1^1, : 4, 207, 201
Chavenage, Notes on Chavenage and the
Stephens Family, by W. H.
Silvester Davjes, 128—135
Chavenaue House, by W. Howard
Seth-Smith, 121— 127
Manor House, 128
Arms in, 123, 126, 133
Bedstead, Carved, 129
Chapel at, 17
Chimney-piece, I2fi
Distinguished persons connected

wiih, 129
Fin place iillus.), 12
Flemish Glass, 12
Gothic Work in, 122
Jacobean Screens, 125
Knocker at, 123
Legend of, 131 — 132
Minstrel Gallery, 125, 126

Index.

Chavenage, Manor House (continued) —
Picture of Oliver Cromwell at, 129
Priest's cell at, 126
Robert Harley's Room at, 134
Sale of Antiquities at, 135
Sir Philip Sydney's Room at, 127
Tapestry, 12, 125
Tapestry Room, 129
Visit of the Society and Descrip-
tion of (illus.), 9—12
Windows at, 10, 122, 123, 124, 125
Manor of, 129
Chavenage, Poem called, by Rev. R. W.

Huntley, 131, 133
Chavvorth, Sybilla de, 55
Cheddre, John le, 176
Chelder, Richard, 256
Cherington, Adam de, Grant oi Land
to, 190, 191
Henry de, 190
Lord and Lady of, 239
Luke de, 2:15, 206
Cherington, 17

Church Bell sto'en by Avening

Ringers, 19
Land in, 190, 205
Cherleton. See Charlton
Chesterfield, Battle at, no
Chichester. Bishop of. See YVich
Chippenham, Bailiff of, 215
Chirechesdun. See Churchdown
Chirintun. See Cherington
Chiryeinedon, Land, 250
Chok, Sir Richard, Justice, 278
Cholmondeley, Anne, 133, 134, 136

Sir Hugh, Governor of Scarborough,

12, 132, 133, 134, 136
Lord, 133
Mary, 136
Chuich Plate, Chalice, Pre-Reformation,

at Langford Church, 53
Churchdown, R. de, 222
Chute Family, Arms of, 142
Cirencester, Walter, Clerk of, 216
Cirencester Abbey, Abbots. See Rod-
merton
Lamp of St. Mary, 230
Altar and Reliefs found at, Descrip-
tion of (illus.), 69 — 72
Inscription on, 70
Church, 153
Cripps' Mead, Arms in, 139

Museum at, Visit ol the Society,
and Notes on, 68 — 72
Finds in Ashcroft, 63
Hundred of, 157
S. John's Church (illus.), 72
Cistercian Order, Abbots of, at the
Lateran, 187
Attempt of Henry III. to Extract

Money from, 98
Endowment of Schools by, 102
Possessions of, 101
Citeaux, Abbey, Nun of, 88
Clappe, Gilbert, 227

Clare, Alicia de, Countess of Gloucester,
108
Gilbert de, Earl of Gloucester and
Hertford, 87, no, 258
Isabel, his wife, 87
Margaret de, 258
Richard de, Earl of Gloucester, 53,

88, 90, 107
Richard de (Strongbow), Earl of

Pembroke, 130
Family, Earls of Gloucester and
Hertford, 38, 53
Arms, 30, 268

Clarence, Duke of. Sec Plantagenet
Clarke, Simon the, 175
Clarke Family, Arms of, 140
Cleihulle, Land, 183
Clement IV., Pope, in
Clencham, Stephen, 248
Clergy, Requisiiion upon the, 87
Clerk, Hugh, 198

John le, 175, 176, 178

John the, of the Market of Bristol,
162

Nicholas, 235

Richard de, 1 = 8

Symon the. Sec Bardeney

Walter, 235

William le, 178, 198
Clermont, Alice de, 53
Clifford, Roger de, 108

Rosamond, 55

Walter de, 118
Clifton, Seward of, 162
Clitheroe, John, Abbot of Haylcs. 26 1
Clyvare, John le, 175
Cnigt. See Knight "
Cobbler, John, 178
Cokhil, Henry, 235
Colewiche, Richard de, 236
Colkerton. See Culkerton
Cclle, Adam, 172
Coin, River, 37, 43, 61, 65

Ancient Name, 62
Coin St. Aldwyn's, Church, Advowson,
62
Arms, 146
Brass, 146

Derivation of Name, 61

Manor, given by Aldred to St. Peter's
Abbey, Gloucester, 61, bz

Manor House (illus.), 61, 62
Arms in, 145—146

Visit of the Society, and Notes on,
61—62

and Williamstrip, Lands in. >>.:

Williamstrip House, 62
Cologne, Archbishop of. See Conrad
Colston, Alexander, Arms ol, 140
Comare, Adam le, 160

Mai gery, 160
Compton, Sir William, Governor of
Sudeley Castle, 266

Gift to Hayles Abbey, 266

Family, Arms of, 149, 266
Conrad, Archbishop of Cologne, 106, 114

258
Conradin, Nephew of Manfred, 105
Constance. See Gd
Constaunce, Henry, 231, 248

William, 249, 250, 251, 252
Conway, Sir Thomas, Arms of, 53

and his Lady, I 1:. 1. of, in
Southrop Church, 53, 54

Family, Arms of, 114
Cook, Alice, 178

John,

Richard le, 161, 164

Susanna, 142

W.iliii ■ ( 1

Cooke, Family, Arms of, 1 1 :
Cooper, Family, Anns of, 1 1 1
Copley, Family, Ai ms of, 1 1 1
Corbeti, Mai garet, 1 1 1

I iniily, Al HIS ol, I4I
Corfe c

Corne, John, 272
Cornishman, Thomas the, 167
Conin Waltei le,

Corowaleis. Ci 1

Rich. Lid le, 17.3

3I2

Index.

Cornwall, Earl of. Arms of, 268
See Plantagenet

Family, of Burford, 114

Family, Arms of, 147
Cornwall — Cornish Mines, 88
Coscombe House, 260
Cosyn. See Cook
Coteland. See Eastleach
Cotiler, Walter le, 161
Cottenhulle, 227
Courcy, Alice de, 117

Family, Arms of, 147
Courtenay, Family, Arms of, 147
Coverturwrythe, John le, 178
Coxeter, George, 142

Family, Arms of, 142
Coxwell, Charles, 146

John, 62,65

Portrait of, at Ablington Manor
House, 65

Family, Arms of, 146, 147
Crawlegh, Thomas de, 242
Credewel!, Richard de, 160
Cremona, 95
Crennel, John, 253
Cresswell, Richard, 146

Thomas Estcourt, 146

Family, Arms of, 146
Crests. See Armorial Bearings
Creuikere, Family, Arms of, 144
Cringley, Manor, in
Ci'ipps, W., Museum of, at Cirencester,
Visit of the Society, and Notes
on, 63 — 72

Potteiy in, 68
Crisp, John, 214

Cromweli, Oliver, Lord Protector, 12, 30
Picture of, in Chavenage Manor
House, 129

Thomas, 267

Family, 131
Crossbowman, Alice, 159

Peter the, 159

William, 159
Crosses — Ampney Crucis, 24 — 26, 51

Eastleach Martin, 118

Eastleach Turville, 119

Inglesham, 49

Runic or Saxon, 15
Croxden, Abbey, 101
Crusade, Money co:lected for, 100
Crusaders, Vows of, 93
Cu. See Cook
Cudake, Stephen, 162
Cuif, William, iSj, 184
Culkerbrugge, Land, 248
Culkertun, Colin de, 190, 113, 198

Henry de, 184, 185, 1S6, 191, 192

Nicholas de, 182, 185, 186, 203, 205, 214,

221

W. de, 218
Culkerton, Land in, 181, 1S2, 189, 191, 192,
203,204, 231, 247, 219

Vill of, 248
Culling, John, 214

lllver Llk-uone, 19
Cumb, Cristina de, 2H

Elias of, 219, 226, 236

Henry de, 216, 217

Richard de, 215, 217, 219, 221

Willi 1111 de, 232—234

Vvo de, 236
Curteneci undle, Land, 183
1 1 In. See Cook
Custance. See Geoffrey

1 Lord, 281
Dagan, Hugh, 197

Daglingworth Church, Early Sculpture

at, 51
Norman light in Barnsley Church

brought from, 68
Dale, William, 158, 176
Dalingruge, Sir John, 147

Margaret, 147
Family, Arms of, 147
Damascus, Sultan of, 94
Dainietta, Louis IX., and French Cru-
saders at, 102
Dante, Alighieri, his description of

Simon de Montfort, 113
Davies, W. H. Silvester; Notes on
Chavenage and the Stephens'
Family, 128 — 135
Deae Matres. See Sulevae
Deerhurst Priory, Expulsion of Monks
from, 102
Rights over, purchased by Richard
Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall, 102
Del West, Land, 192
Den, Hela de, 147
Ralph de, 147
Robert de, 147
Family, Arms of, 147
Dene, John de, 178

William de, Lord of Lassebrewe, 226 ,
237, 238
Dennis, Eleanor, 141
Sir Gilbert, 141
Richard, 10, 129
Sir Walter, io, 122, 129
William, 141
Family, Arms of, 141
Dent, Mrs., of Sudeley, In Memoiiam,

300—301
Deodand, Forfeit called, 154
Derby, Earl of. See Ferrers
Derwentwater. See Radcliffe
Despencer, Family, 38, 43, 67

Arms, 40, 269
Devereux, Robert, Earl of Essex, Colonel
of the Parliamentary Forces,
12, 128, 129
Dichforlang, Land, 183, 184
Didbiook Church, Rebuilt by William
Whytchurch, Vicar, 260
Inscription in, 260
Reconciliation of, 260
Dikere, William, 162
Dilston, 57
Dimmok, W., 217
Di Vico. See Vico
Dode, John, 162
Dodington, Benedict de, 235
Dollyng, Agnes, 163

John, 163
Dominicans, Sent by Pope to Procure

Funds for Crusade, 93
Donhurst, Matilda de, 169
Dorset, Marquis of. See Beaufort
Doughton, John de, 213
Richard de, 183
Robert de, 184, 191
Roger de, 185, 186, 190, 196, 206
Doughton, 184

1 lover, Port of Departure for Felons, 152
Dowdeswell, Robert Alccster, Abbot of

Hayles, buried at, 259
Down, Thomas, 230, 251
Downe, Jo!m, Viscount, 24
Draicote, John, 240
Draper, Richard le, 158, 175, 176
Driver, John, 17

Family, of Aston, 17
Anns, 17
Pedigree, 17

Index.

3T3

Droys, Adam le, 246
Druez, John, 278
Duck, Richard le, 2c6

William le, 248
Ductune. See Doughton
Dudley, John, Duke of Northumber-
land, 64
Dunning, 55
Dunning, Ralph, 176

William, 164
Durand, 26, 67
Diirer, Albert, Fairford Windows said

to have been designed by, 40
Durobrivte, Pottery from, 68
Dursley, Henry de, 217
DyrnDck, 157

Karstfield, Family, 9
Eastington, Church, 134
Rector of, 134
Lord of the Manor of, 128, 130
Manor of, 130

Manor House, Fire at, in 1778,
Family Papers destroyed in, 128
View of, 128
Eastleach Martin, Notes on the Parishes
and Churches of Eastleach
Martin and Eastleach Turville,
by W. H. T. Wright, 115— 120
At time of Survey, 53
Church, 116
Bellcote, 118
Building of, 115
Cross, 118

Dedication of, 116, 117
Description of, 118
Norman Doorway at, 118
Windows, 118
Cote Farm at, 118
Cruel Hill, 117

Flint arrowheads found at, 118
Manor of, 115
Monks' Cellar near, '18
Rectory, 120
Eastleach Turville, Notes on the Parishes
and Churches of Eastleach
Martin and Eastleach Turville,
by W. H. T. Wkight, 115 — 120
At time of Survey, 53
Blomer's Mead, 119
Church of St. Andrew, Description
of, 118, IIQ
Early English Chancel, 119
Norman Doorway at, 118
Parson of, 119
Windows, 119
Cross, 1 19

Grant of land at, 119
Joined with Eastleach Martin, 119
Land at, 119
Manor, ■)■;, 119, 120
Edgeworth, Peter de, 182, 202, 203
Edmund Crouchback, King of Sicily, 101
Edward the Confessor, King, 43

Shrine of, in Westminister Abbey,

113
Edward I., 91, 97

At Hayles, 259
Edward IV'., Badge of, in Lecblade

Clmrch, 46
Edward VI., 55
Effigies of —

Conway, Sir Thomas, and his

lady, 53, 34
Tame, John, and Aliri. his wife, 12
Vaulx, James, his wives and chil-
dren, 29, 30

Effigies at—

Fairford Church, 42

Meysey Hampton Church, 29, 30

Soutlmp Church, 53, 54
Egeton. John de, 242
Egge, Gilbert del, 2 1, 202

John del, 201, 202
Egge, Grange del', 253

, La, Land, 202, 207, 208, 224

W( ie, Peter d(
Eggewurth. See Edgeworth
Eghammore, Land in, 241, 242
Egwin, Bishop of Worcester, Founder of

Evesham Abbey, 266
Eleanor of Castille, Queen, Arms of, 269
Eleanor of Provence, Queen, 89, 98, 107,

108, 257
Elias, William son o'
Elizabeth, Queen, 43, 128, 129, 133, 261
Elkstone Church, Culver or pigeon-
house, 18

Parvise at, iS
Elwy, 24

Ely, Bishops of. See Heton ; Norwold
Englisliry in Gloucestershire, 155, 1 I

. J57

Lincolnshire, 156

Warwickshire, 156

Yorkshire, 156
Ennyse, Hugh le, 165
Ergleys, Coroner of Bristol, 158
Erlingham. See At lingham
Ernald, Brother, 198
Ernisius, Monk of Malvern, 117
Esbroc. See Ampney St. Mary
Especar, Gilbert le, 1-1
Essex, Earl of. See Devereux
Estcourt, Elizabeth, 146

Thomas, 2

Sir Thomas, 146

Family, Arms of, 146
Estfelde, Land, 204
Eston, William de, 176
Estoria, Henry de, 182
Estrange, Hamon 1',
Eudo, 67
Everard, 183
Everard, Thomas, 213
Eversone, John, 173

Richard, 173
Evesham Abbey, Arms of, 149, 266

Founded by Egwin, Bishop of
Worcester, 266
Evesham, Battle of, no, 112
Evesque, Hake le, 168
Evreux, Ela, 55

Patrick d', (1) Earl of Salisbury, 55

Walter d', 55

Sybilla de Chaworth, his wife, 55

William 'i', 12) Earl of Salisbury, 55
Excommunication ot England bj

Innocent IV., 99
Exeter, Bishop of. See Blund

Fairford Church, 38
All. 11 Comb . \2
Arms, i'>, 140 — 142
Br.iss, \z, 141
1 description of, 38 — 42
Effigii -, t2

Founded bj |ohn Tame, 37
Gurgi

Lady Chapel, 1:
Monument, \a

PI. in of,

Windows, it, ;;-,
84. 8;

3J4

Index.

Fairford Church, Windows (continued) —
Age of, 76

Glass ot, preserved by Sir John
Oldisworth, 42
Croft's Hall, 140
Derivation of Name, 37
Earliest Mention of, 38
Grant of Land at, 38
Graves, Discoveries at, 38
In Saxon Times, 38
Manor, 38

Visit of the Society, and Notes on
the Manor and Church, 37 — 42
Falkenstein, Beatrice von, 114, 258

Dietrich, von, 114
Farley, Prior of, 177
Farley, Robert de, 165

William de, 175
Farringdon, Little, Church, Almery, 50
Arms, 50, 143
Clerestory, 49
Glass, Early English and Flemish,

49
Piscina, 50

Visit of the Society, and Descrip-
tion of (illus.), 49 — 50
Window, 49, 50
Formerly in Berks, now in Oxford-
shire, 49
Granted by King John to Beaulieu
Abbey, 49
Fatte, John the, 160

Margaret the, 173
Fauconner, John le, 165
Fernhamthorne, Land, 247
Ferrars, Henry de, 43
Isabel de, 44
Margaret, 269

Robert de, Earl of Derby, no
William de, 269
Family, Arms of, in
Fettyplace, Sophia, 143

Family, Arms of, 143
Fiennes, Ingelram de, French Knight, ic8
Fieschi.Sinibaldo. See Innocent IV., Pope
Filhida, Land in, 117
Fiscleshole, Land at, 229
l-'itz Alan, Agnes, 265
Brian, 265
John, 109

Family, Arms of, 265
Fitz Hamon, Robert, 26, 38
Fitzbardinge, Robert, 9

Robert, surnamed Weare, 9
Fitz Herbert, Peter, 44

Family, 67
Fitzpaine. See Poynings
Fitzpons, Drogo, 53, 115, 118
Osbert, 53
Osborn, 115

Richard, 53, 115, 116, 117
Deed of gift of, 115
Mathildis, wile of, 116
Simon, 53, 115
Walter, 53
Family, 54
Fitz Rolf, Turstin, 24
Fitz Stephen, Captain, 129

Ralph, High Sheriff of Gloucester-
shire, 129
Robert, 130

William, High Sheriff of Gloucester-
shire, 129
Fitzwarin, Fulco, 177
Fitzwilliam, William, Earl of South-
ampton, 47
Flambard, Adam, 196
William, 168

Flaxley, Abbey, 101

Abbot of, 193, 215
Fleetwood, Family, 9
Flint Implements — Eastleach, 118
Florenz V., Lord of Holland, Zeeland,

and Vriesland, 106
Foix, Agnes de, in

Count de, m
Foliot, Gilbert, Abbot of Gloucester and
Bishop of London, 116, 117

James, 231, 232
Fonts at —

Avening, 16

Barnsley,68

Beverston, 4

Broadwell, 68

Inglesham, 48

South! op, 54, 55

See Crosses, &c.
Ford, Hugh de la, 214

John le, 167
Fordham, John, Prior of Worcester, 254,

255
Forester, John le, 176

Juliana de la, 178

Family, 59
Fornere, Eva la, 167
Forshew, Family, 27
Forster, John, Mayor of Bristol, 285
Fountains, Abbey, 101
Fowler, Joan, 10, 136

Richard, 10, 136

Family, Arms of, 10, 126
Fox, Richard, 171
Fragnum, Land, 238
Frampton, John de, 217

Robert, Bishop ot Gloucester and
Rector of Avening, 19

Walter de, 203

William de, 235
France, Invasion ot, by Henry III., 96, 97

Potteries in, 69
Franceis, Edward le, 174, 175

Everard le, Mayor of Bristol, 158, 176

Peter le, 176

Richard le, 176

R. le, 199

Walter le, 158
Franciscans, Sent by Pope to procure

funds for crusade, 93
Frankeleyn, John the, 153

Richard, 168
Frederick II , Emperor of Germany,
and King of the Romans, 86, 89,

94, 95

Excommunication of, 102
Freeman, Henry le, 231

Roger le, 231

Thomas le, 248
Freeman, Bakeley, Family, Arms of, 138
Fretherne, Lord of the Manor of, 130
Frocester, Vicar of, 214
Froggaputtesfurlang, Land, 183
Frome, River, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 165
Fromund, Robert, 163
Froude, Huirell, 120
Fuller, E. A.; Pleas of the Crown at

Bristol, 15 Edward I., 150—178
Fuimer, Le, Widow, 214
Fuiness Abhey, 101
Furnival, William de, in
Fyfield, Hamlet of, 115

Manor, 118

Manor House, Windows at, 119
Fynet, Henry de, 174

Galgano, Cistercian Abbey of, 112
Gange, Nicholas, 176

Index.

3i5

Garston, or Gaerstun, Meaning of, 183
Garstona, Land, 183, 250
Gascony, Rights over, 97

Deputation of the Nobles of, to

Henry III., 87
Governed by Simon de Montfort, 104
Gaudy, Robert, 196
Gaunt, Maurice de, 5

Family, 9
Gaywoode, John, Sheriff of Bristol, 274
Gaza, French Crusaders deieated near, 94
Geg, Walter le, 249, 251
Gendlac, Richard, 169
Geoffrey, son of Constance, 186, 190, 191,

192, 203, 205, 206, 216
George, William, In Memoriatn, 302—303
Germany, 102, 108

Revenues of Richard Plantagenet,

Earl of Cornwall, in, 106
War with the Frisians, 105
Giffard, Godfrey, Bishop of Worcester,
*77, 258
John, Lord of Brimpsfield, 109, 177,
220, 221
Girston. See Garstona
Glass, Stained and Painted, by Gardner
S. Bazley (iMws.)i 73—85
Age of, Tests for determining, 81
Aventurine, 74

Colouring, Methods of, 76—80
Modern Methods of, 81 — 83
Discovery of, 74

Painted, at Hayles Abb -y, 270, 271
Difference of, from Pictures, 83
Renaissance, 76
Glastonbury, William of, 175
Gloucester, Earl of. See Clare; Montfort
Gloucester, Milo de, Earl of Hereford, 67
Richard de, 214
Walter, the Baker of, 168
Gloucester, Abbey, 55, 119

Abbot of. See Foliot; Serlo
Richard, Archdeacon of, 117
Grants to, 38, 59
Lands and Possessions of, 61
S. Peter's Abbey, Monks of, 59,
117, 118
Gloucester Cathedral —
Bishops of, 64
Chapter House, Walter de Laci

buried in, 59
Dean and Chapter of, 118
Lady Chapel, 40
Early English, 65
Church of St. Oswald, Grant of
Land to, 1S1-2
William, Prior ot, 182
Castle, Sir John Huddleston, Gover-
nor of, 265
Honour of, 26, 38

Hospital ot St. Bartholomew, Brother
Adam, Prior of, 226, 227, 228
Grant of Land to, 226, 227
-Gloucestershire, Englishry in, 155, 156,

. 15l
Fines ior, 151

Sheriff of, 103, 19*)

W. Clerk ot the, 198

See Meysey ; Puti 't
High Sheriff of. See Fit/. Stephen ;

Stephens
Godchild, John, 162
Godescroft, Land, 237
Godeshalve, Geoffrey, 176
Godfrey, Brother, 198
Godwin, Earl, 9
Gorbrodelond, Land. 237
Gores, Le, Land, 249, 251

Gorges, Eleanor, 141

Family, Arms of, 141
Gourde, John, 161
Gournay. See Gurney
Grant, John le, 167
Gray, Lord Walter, Archbishop of York,

Primate of England, 1S2, [87
Gregory the Great, Pope, 4
Gregory IX., Pope. 88, t88
Gregory X., Pope, 112
Gretethorn, Land, 183
Grevill, Agnes, 141
Sir Edward, 141
Isabel, 149
Jane, 141, 149
Family, Arms of, 141
Brass of, 141
Grey, Peter le, 172, 173
Sir Ralph, 149
Robert le, 213
Sir Thomas, 149
Family, Ai ins of, 149
Griswald, Margaret, Memorial Stone to,
in Meysey Hampton Church, 29
Grosseteste, Robert, Bishop of Lincoln,
86, 100, 103, 104, 107, 257
Tomb of, 105
Grove Myle, 257

Grumbold's Ash, Beadles of, 217
Guager, Simon, 162
Gurnard, Robert, 171
Gurney, Thomas, 170

Family, 9
Gyleinyre, William, 242

Iladdon Hall, 121
Hadenhulle, Land, 183
Hagioscope — Avening, 17

Beverston. 3

Meysey Hampton, 30

Southrop, 54
Hagley, 103

Hagoday. See Knocker
Hailes. See Hayles
Hale, Isabella, 170

Sir Matthew, 27

William, 170
Haleweye, Agnes de, 162

Sampson, 162
Hall, Family, Arms of, 146
Ham, Hamlet of, 239, 240
Hamekyntone, John de, 232
Hameldene, Tfiomas de, Mayor of

Bristol, 158
Hamersloy, family, Arms of, 143
Hampton, William de, 175
Handelo, Family, 62
Hannes, Sir Edward, Physician to 1
Anne, 129, 131, 137

Temperance, 137
Elopement oi, 131
llapulf, John, 21;, 219, 221
1 [ardewme, 1 leni y, 206
Hauling, Robert, 213
Hare. John le,
Harebui ne, I .and, 183
Haresfield, John di
Hail... Ibi iil.133

Sn Edward 133 1 6

Robert, Earl "t I ixford, 12, 131
Harold, King, 9
Haselcote, Ni ;el di

Richard de, ^1 1, 228

S\ -1111111 de, G

Thomas de, 238

111 o( I and io, ia8

Haselcote, Hamlei of,

Haseld, John do. 21

3i6

Index.

Haselgrovethornes, Land, 237
Hastings, Family, Arms of, 269
Hatherop Castle, 57

Traditional Visit of Charles I. and

Queen Henrietta, 57
Yew Tree Avenue, 57
Church, Advovvson, 55

Arms, 45
House, Arms in, 144
Manors, 55

Visit of the Society, and Notes on,
55—56
Hauteville, Family, Arms of, 140
Haive Park, 180, 253

Conduit at, 221, 225
Hawes. Family, Arms of, 148
Hawkesbury, Land in, 235
Haybstabularius, John, 210
Haye, Walter de la, 163
Hayles, 106

Hayles Abbey. The Abbey of St. Mary,
Hayles; Brief Sketch of its
History, and Report of the
Excavations in 1899 and 1900,
by W. Bazei.f.y, 257 — 271
Hayles, Abbey of S. Mary, 87
Abbot of, 104
See Alcester ; Clitheroe ; Hendley
Hugh ; John ; Jordan ; Melton
Richard ; Sagar ; Stafford
Whytchurch
Apse, 114, 268
Arms of, 100, 271

Arms in, in, 148 — 149,265 — 266,269
At the Dissolution, 260, 261
"Blood of Hayles," Relic of the
Holy Blood, possessed by, 104,
114, 258
Shrine of, 262

and Cross, Shrine of, Visited by
Pilgrims, 267
Bones of Henry of Almaine, buried

at, 113, 258
Bosses, Carved, found at, 263, 264
Bracket, Carved, 270
Burial of Edmund Plantagenet at,

259
Burial of Richard Plantagenet and

Sanchia his Wife at, 114
Chapels, 268, 270
Chapter House, 163

Tiles found in, 260
Chronicle of Hayles, 257, 267
Cloister, 262, 263
Rebuilt by Abbot Whytchurch,
259
Confused with Hales Owen Abbey,

257

Cost of Building, 103

Cross, Fragment oi the, possessed
by, 104

Cross, Golden, of, 259

Dedication of, 100, 103—104
Henry III. at, 103

Doorways, 262, 264

Erection of, 101

Exhortation from the Pope to
Repair, 260

Fires at, 262

Flood at, 259

Foundation of, by Richard Plan-
tagenet, 43, 86, 99, 257

Gift of Sir William Compton to,
266

Glass, Painted, 270, 271

Infirmary, Building of, 259

New Work, Dedication of, 258

Partial Destruction of, 113

Hayles, Abbey of S. Mary {continued)—
Plague at, 259
Plan of, 270
Presbytery, 26S, 269
Re-built and extended, 114
Re-dedication of, 114
Robbery at, 259
Roof of Bisley Church said to

have come from, 43
Seal of, 267, 263

Inscription on, 267, 268
Stone Vessel, 269, 270
Tiles, 264, 268, 269
Tomb of Edmund Plantagenet,

Earl of Cornwall, 268
Tomb of Richard Plantagenet.
Earl of Cornwall, and Queen
Sanchia, 268, 269
Views of, 261

Vow of Richard Plantagenet to-
Build an Abbey at, 98
Castle, 87, 88, 89, 103

Built by Ralph de Worcester, 258-
Norman Church, 103
Parish Church of, 87, 88
Built by Ralph de Worcester, 25S
Cost of Building, 257
Dedication of, 257
Restored by William Hobby, 261
Manor, 261
Hayrun William, 214, 220
Hayward, Richard the, 170
Head, Eleanor, 146

Family, Arms of, 146
Hebed, 234

Hedacre, Le, Land, 249, 250, 251
Heilmundestre, Land, 184
Henbury, Bailiff of, 177
Hendley, William, Abbot of Hayles, 259
Henrietta, Queen, 57
Henry, Prince, son of James I., 130
Henry I., 24, 26, 256

Children of, drowned in White Ship.
129
Henry II., 9, 55

Henry III., 86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 95, 96, 109, 257
and his Queen at Winchcomb and

Hayles, 103
Attempt to extract money from

Cistercian Order, 98
Committee formed to regulate the

Royal Expenditure, 100
Edmund Crouchback, son of, ior, 1 ig
Edward, son of, 107, 108, in, 112
Invasion of France by, 96, 97
Married to Eleanor of Provence, 83
Money lent to, 105
Offer of Pope Alexander IV. to, 105
Quarrel with Richard Plantagenet

over Gascony, 97
Rising of Richard Plantagenet
against, 90, 91
Henry IV., 254, 255
Henry VII., 38, 68
Henry, Abbot of Kingswood, 2
Henry, Master, 196
Henry, son of Bernard, igi, 192
Henry, Walter son of, 181
Heraldry of the different Churches, etc.,
visited by the Gloucestershire
Archaeological Society during
their visit to Fairford, August
9th to nth, 1899, by F. Wei 1

I3S— I(r,

Herbert, Family, Arms of. 138
Hereford, Earl of. See Brcteuil ; Glou-
cester
Hereford, See of, 116

Index.

31?

Hereward the Wake, Rebellion of, 43

Hereward, Ralph, 191

Hertford, Earl of. See Gloucester

Hesding, Ernulph de, 55

Heton, Bishop of Ely, 140

Heued, Richard, 1G2

Hevedlond, Land, 1S3

Heytesbury, Family, Arms of. 147

Hibrdun, 232

Hicks, Family, 9

Arms of, 145, 146
Hicks-Beach, Family, 59

Arms of, 146
Hillesley, Walter, clerk of, 204
Hinson, Family, Arms of, 138
Hinton, Manor of, 224
Hiwoldesdene, Land, 184
Hobby, William, 261

Family, Arms of, 146
Hodelston. See Huddleston
Hodges, Family, Arms of, 143
Hodgkins, Henry, 261
Holacra, H. de, 198
Holand, Thomas de, Earl of Kent, 68
Holcroft, Gilbert, 227
Holford, Family, 9
Holland and Vriesland, Earl of. See

William
Holland, Zeeland and Vriesland, Lord

of. See Florenz
Holte, Matilda le, 178
Home, Adamde la, 206

William de la, 243
Home, La, Land, 243
Homelonde, Le, Land, 237
Honorius III., Pope, 1S7
Hook, Roger, 213

Simon, 168
Hope, Richard, 214
Hordeston, Land, 251
Hore, Geoffrey le, 169, 178

William le, 178
Horncastel, Henry, 151, 158
Horsefeld, Reginald de, Chaplain, 173
Horsley, 9

Church, 10

Church, Cell of Bruton Priory at,

129
Lord of the Manor of, 130
Manor, 10, 129, 130
Priory, 10, 122. 123, 124, 126, 127
Horton, H. de, 217

" Philip," wife of James Yaulx, 29
Family, Arms of, 140
Hosmareleyeclive, Land, 238
Howille, Adam de, 168
Howman, Canon, Rector of Barnsley, 6S
Huddleston, Sir Anthony, 149, 265
Ferdinand, 149
Joan, 265
John, 265
Sir John, Governor of Sudeley and

Gloucester Castles, 265
Mary, 2C6
Sir W., 149

Family, Arms of, 149, 265
Hugh, Abbot of Beaulieu, 88, 99
Hugh, Abbot of Hayles, 258, 259
Hugh, Monk of Malvern, 117
Hugh, son of Nigel, 191
Hull, Philip de la, 231
Hull, Grange, 232
Humphrey, 195

Humphry, the Chamberlain, 24, 26
Hunyerford, Barbara, 147
Sir John, 27
Family, Arms of, 1 17
Hungersforlong, Land, 237, 238

Hunte, Hugh le, 176

Nicholas le, 160
Huntley, Ann, 1 ; 1, 137

Rev. Richard, Rector of Box well,

i3t, 137
his Poem called Chavcnage, 131,

133
Hursley, John Keble, Curate of, 120
Hussey, Family, Arms of, 117
Hutchins, Family. Aims of, 149
Hyldebrondesslad, Lan.d, 237
Hyne, Richard, 158
Hyneton. See Hinton

Ingelby, Maurice de, 167
Inglesham, Church, Brass, 48
Font, 48
Hour-glass, 48
Interior (illtts.), 47, 48
Jacobean Pulpit, 48
Rood Screen, 48
Sculpture, 44, 48
Sundial, 48

Visit of the Society, and descrip-
tion of, 47 — 49
Window, 48
Cross, 49

Manor and Church, given by King
John to the Cistercian Abbey
of Beaulieu, 47
Inhokum, Meaning of, 204
Innocent III., Pope. 187
Innocent IV., Pope, 103
Death of, 105
Excommunication of England by,

99
Inscriptions.— In Ablington Manor
House, 65, 67

At Bath, Altar to the Sulevae, 70

In Calcot Barn, 2

At Cirencester, Altar to the Sul'
70

In Didbrook Church, 260

On Hayles Abbey Seal, 267, 268
Ireland, David of, 167
Ireland, Invasion of, 130
Ireton, General Henry, 12, 129, 130, 133

Henry, 62, 145

Family, 59, 131

Arms of, 145

Ireys, John le, 164

Nicholas Iggelbei t le, 164

Roger le, 166
Isabella, Empress of Italy, 94

Death of, 95
Islevvorth, Manor of, plundered, 109
Italy, 105

acketts, Christian, 28
acob, Thomas, 220

Walter, 21 1
affa, Crusaders at, gt
ames I., 26, 29
ansen, Cornelius, Buildei ot Ablin

Manor House, 65
< nnei . Edit!
i nily, "i M
Family Ai ms of, 1
in, Ci usadei s
civ. An on the, 160
ews, 1 > ovei . given t" Rii hard

Plantagenet, Earl o( Cornwa 1
by 1 ii in v 1 1 1
Requisition from 1I1
ofne, Bai tholomew le, 15N, 163

OglUT, llunili y I'

3i8

Index.

John, King, Beaulieu Abbey founded by,88
English predominance in Aquitaine

lost by, 87
Grants to Beaulieu Abbey, 47, 49, 53
John, Abbot of Hayles, 259
John, the Clerk of the Market of Bristol,

162
John, the Cook of the Abbot of St.

Augustine, 173
Johnson, Ralph, 68
Jordan, Abbot of Hayles, 257
Jordan of the Malthouse of Bristol, 173
Julin, John de, 87

Karat, Emir of, 94
Katherine, Dame, 215, 218
Keble, Sir Henry, Lord Mayor of
London, 55
John, 43, 120

Born at Fairford, 38
Thomas, 144
Family Arms, 54, 144
Monument of, 54
Kele, 232

Kemeys, Philip le, 161
Kempley, Robert, Dean of, 193
Kenepel. See Kempley
Kenilworth Castle, gr, no
Kent, Earls of, 43, 67

Sic Holand
Kent, Mossy of, 168
Kerdif, John de, 175
Kermai dyn, David of, 165
Keu. See Cu
Keveran, S., Rector of, 88
Kibbel, Richard, 185
Kilmaynam, Robert de, 176
Kingscote, Amice. 228
John Richer de, 227
Nigel de, 225, 229, 238 ,

Petronella, 225
Richard, 228
Richard, Lord of, 229
William, 228
Kingscote, Hamlet of, 239

Land in, 228, 242
Kingston, Sir Anthony, 59
Kingswood, Nicholas de, 184, 191, 192
Kingswood A^jbey. Documents relating
to the Cistercian Monastery of
St. Mary, Kingswood, by V. R.
Perkins, 179 — 256
Kingswood Abbey, Abbots of, 177, 188,
196, 197, 198, 200, 215, 216, 217,
218, 219, 221, 222, 254, 255
Abbot of. See Henry; Richard;

Thomas
Accounts of Brother William de
Climb, Warden of the Grange
of Charteshull, &c, for 1288—9,
232 — 234
Account of the Cellarer of Bagg,

131 1, 244—246
Account of the Cellarer, 1315, 246—

247
Account of BrotherWalter, Granger

del'Egge, 252—253

Arrears ol the Bursars of, 1241,
199 — 201

An ears of \V., Cellarer ot, 1240,
193—199

Enquiry into Lands and Tene-
ments held by, 251

Foundation of, by William Berke-
ley, 256
Sold bj Elizabeth Berkeley, 256

Grant of Alms to, 235, 236

Kingswood Abbey (continued) —

Grant of Land to, 183 — 4, 185, 186,
189, 191. 192, 201, 202, 203, 204,
205, 2c6, 207, 208, 225, 226, 227,
228, 231, 23+, 235, 236, 237, 243,
244, 256
Grant of Liberty to, 192, 193
Grant of Ren.ts to, 224
Land Granted by, 205, 206, 226,

227, 228, 229, 230, 247, 249 — 252
Monks of, 188, 189, 190
Petition to the King and Council

from, 239
Prior, 221, 247
Receipts and Expenses, 1262 — 1263,

213 — 223
Sale of Lands to, 182
Tumbrell of, 237
Wages of, 1255 — I25°\ 209 — 213
Wynch of, 229
Ancient Name of, 256
Parish Church, 254
Manor, 256
Kirby, Ann, 136
William, 4.1
Knewton, Mr., Notes on Kingswood

Abbey, 256
Knight, William, 193, 214, 220, 230, 234
Knights Hospitallers, 53

Preceptory of, at Quenington, 59
Prior of St. John of Jerusalem in

England, 163
Quenington Manor held by, 59
Stephen, Master of the Hospital of
St. John, at Bristol, 174
Knights Templars, ico, 165

Meysey Hampton Manor farmed by,

26
Quarrel of, with French Crusaders,

Knocker, Chavenage House, 123

Knox, Earl ot Ranfurly, Arms ol, 142

Koke, John, 176

Kokerel, Elias, 232

Ku. Sec Cook

Kuttede, Nicholas le, 178

Kyllecote. See Calcot

Kyneltre, Stephen, 240

Kyngeswood. See Kingswood

Kyngton, Agnes de, 220

Labanc. See Banc
Laceby, Alice, 160

Margery, 160
Lacheford, Adam de, 197, 198
Lacock Abbey, Grant ot Land to, 55
Lacy, Felicia de, 172
Hugh de, 59

John de, Earl of Lincoln, 90, 91
Matilda, 90
Roger de, 55

Possessions of, 59
Waiter de, 59

Buried in the Chapter House at
Gloucester, 59
William de, 166
Family, 59, 119
Lambard, Jacob de, 249
Lancyng, Richard, 231, 246, 249
Lane, Richai d In la, 230
Lanfford, Hugh, Grant of Land to, 247,

248
Langel', Geoffrey de, 182
Langford, Church, Almery, 53
Arms, 143 — 144
Brasses, 143

Buttresses, Elizabethan (illus.), 52
Chalice, pre-Reioi niation, 53

Index.

3I(J

Langford Church (continual) —

Crucifix, pre-Norman (illus.), 51
Early English Doorway, 52, 53
Parvise, 53
Piscina, 53
Porch (illus.), 50
Pulpit, Jacobean, 53
Rood, 50

Staircase Turret, 52
Stone, Carved, 53
Sundial, 53

Visit of the Society, and Descrip-
tion of (illus.), 50 — 53
Property in, granted to Beaulieu
Abbey by King John, 53
Langfurlnng, Land, 184
Langthol, Milo de, 208
Langton, Stephen, Archbishop of Can-
terbury, Cardinal of the Holy
Church of Koine, 187
Lanthony, Prior of, 194, 214, 218
Lasceles, Laurence de, 18; . ;^6, 191, 197,

205
Lateran, 1215, 187
Lat'mer, J. ; Some Curious Incidents in

Bristol History, 272 — 285
La Trappe, Monastery of, 135
Launsyngeslond, Land, 250
Lecce, Manors called, 53
Lechlade, 119
Chapel at, 44
Church, Almery, (6
Anns, 45, 47, 142—143
Badges ot Edward IV. and Duchess

of York in, 46
Brasses, 46

Candelabra, Georgian, 47
Chantry, 44, 46
Clerestory, 46

Description of (illus.), 44 — 47
Piscina, 46
Pulpit, 4G

Sculptured Stone, 46
Vicar, 44

Windows, Tudor, 45
Derivation of Name, 43
Hospital founded at, by Isabel de
Ferrars and her husband Peter
I-'itz Herbert, 44
Leland's mention of, 44
Manor, .1 1, 4 [

Priory of Augustinian Canons, Dis-
solution of, by Duchess Cecily, 44
St. John's Bridge built, 44
Statue in Rectory Garden, 47
Visit of the Society, and Notes on the
Manor and Church (illus.), 43 — 47
Leicester, Earl of. See Montfort
Leicester, Lord, 12, 129
Leicester, Roger de, 176
Leicester, Friars of the Sac at, iGj
Leland, John, at Lechlade, 44
Lench, Letitia, 153
William de, 53
Leppa, Earl, 62

Beaga, his daughter, 62
Leppegete, Nicholas de, 206
Lesingnan, Aymer de, Bishop of Win-
chester, 106
Leueric, 26
Leverych, Henry, 167
Levy, Abraham, 164
Lewes, Battle of, 108, 109, no

Song of, 1 10
Ley, John le, 175
Robert de, 166
Family, 59
Leycestre. See Leicester

Leygrave, John of, 177
Leyhtonacre, La, Land, 237
Lichfield, Bishop of. Set Aldwine
Ligon, Roger, and wife, Altar-tomb of,

in Fairford Church, 12
Lincoln, Bishop of. See Grosteste
Lincoln, Earl of. See Lacy
Lincoln, Friars of the Sac at, 169
Lincolnshire, Famous for its Sheep, 180

Englishry in, 156
Lindsey, 180

Linez, Henry de, 204, 207, 209
Lippiette, La, Land, igo
Litegrom, William, 163
Little F.trringdon. See Farringdon
Llewelin, Brother, 217
Lloyd, George, 24

George Looyde, 139

Family, Arms of, [38, 139
Lloyde ap Gronow, Family, Arms of, 138
Loder, Family, Arms of, 1 ( ;
Lof, William, 162
Lokere, John le, 161
Lokforlong, Le, Land, 250
London, John de, 178

Ralph the Cook of, 170
London, Bishop of. Sec Basset ; Foliot
London, 90, 95

Aldersgate, 169

City of, Requisition from, 87

Mai y de la Stronde, Parish of, 255

St. Paul's Cathedral, 100

V, estminster Abbey, Holy Blood
at, 100
Longemed, Le, Land, 240
Longespee, William, Earl of Salisbury,

55. 87. 89
Long Turville, ng
Lonwesmere, Roger de, 232
Longe, William le, 240
Longemede, Land, 241, 242
Longinus, 26

Longocampo, Isabele de, 181, i8z
Loo, Ela, 27

Sir John de, 27
Looyde. See Lloyd
Loria, Ruggiero di, Aragonese Admiral,

"3
Loriner, 214
Lotcsgareshale, Prior and Brethren of,

226
Louis IX., King of Fiance, 93, 96, 97, 102,
103, 109, no, in

and his brother Tristan, Burial
of, 112

Taken prisoner by the Sultan, 102
Love), Lord, of Kari, 27

Muriel, 27
Lower Haycroft, Land, 237
Lubbock, Jane, 134

Richai d, 134
Lugg, Alice, 130, 136

Edward, 130, 136

Jane, 137

Richard, 137
Lung, Geoffrey de, 174

Jordan le, 175
Lydechei t, fohn de, 1C3
Lydherd, [ohn, May 01 of Bristol, 158
1 11, William, 1 1 1

I unily, Ai mis of, 1 1 1
Lyme, Port "t, 168
I in h, I .an. I, 1 LQ.

Lynchefoi lane, 1 and, 247

Lynde, Juan de la, 147

Waltei de la, 1 1 <

Family, Ai ma "t. 1 1 o, 147
Lynn, li iai i "t the Sai at, 169

320

Index.

Lyons, Council of, 169

Roman Court at, 102
Lypiatt, Manor, 130
Lyttleton, Family, Arms of, 140
Lyuns, Thomas de, 164
Lyveden, Lord, 137

Mabilia, 185

Macherlyng, William, 252

Mackworth Praed, Family, 59

Macy, John, 161

Magna Charta, 86, 107

Mahel, Walter, 220

Malmesbury Abbey, Abbot of, 216

Malmesbury, Richard of, 170

Malmesbury, Seneschal of, 196

Malmesbury, 9

Malvern, Great, 120

Priory of, 115, 116

Dedication of, 116

Monks of, 117

Prior of. StYThomas;'Walcher ;
Wick

Seal, 116, 117
Manfred, King of Naples and Sicily, 105
Mangodesfeld, Richard de, Mayor of

Bristol, 158
William de, 159
Maniword, Margaret, 163
Manley, Peter de, 86
Mansel, John, 97, 108

Roger, 178
Mara, de, Family, 59
March, Earls of, 43, 68
Marche, Isabella, Countess de la, 96
Mare, Peter de la, 158, 166, 167, 198
Margan, W. de, 221

Margaret of France, Queen's Arms of, 269
Margaret of Provence, Queen of France,9S
Margetson, Family, Arms of, 144
Marine, William de la, 172
Mariotathe Water-carrier, 164
Marlow, 114
Marshal, Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke, 89,

90
Isabel, wife of Richard Plantagenet,

Earl of Cornwall, 107
William, Earl of Pembroke, 86,

87, 100
Family, Arms of, 92
Martyn, John, 176

Robert de Combe, 163
Maryot, Richard, 178
Mason, Frater Johannis, Architect of

Beaulieu Abbey, 99, 100
Massey, Colonel, Governor of Glouces-
ter, 9
Mathcurnbe, Henry de, 229
Matilda, Queen, 19, 38
Maude, Empress, 256
Mauley, Family, Arms of, 145
Maunsel, William, 188, 189, 190, 219, 220,

236
May, William le, 221
Mayn, Margery, 169
Meddene, Land, 183
Mei, Richard, 181
Melemuth, John le, 172, 173
Melrose, Abbey, 101
Melton, Anthony, Abbot of Hayles, 260
Mendip, 163
Mercator, Ralph, 234
Merton, Thomas, 68

Dorothy, his granddaughter, 68
Messor, Richard le, 216
Metingham, Justice, 150, 151
Meysey, Eva, 29

Eva or Eleanour, 27

Meysey (continued) —

John, 27

John de, 217

Robert de, Sheriff of Gloucester, 27-

William, 27

Family, 27
Arms of, 29
Meysey Hampton Church, Altar-tomb,

29.31
Arms, 30, 139-140
Built by Knights Templars or de

Clares, 27
Description of (i;lus.), 27 — 31
Hagioscope, 30
Lectern, (illus.), 29

Jacobean, 28
Monument, Jacobean, with Effigies
of James Vaulx, his Wives, and
Children, 29, 30
Piscina, 31
Sedilia, 31
Windows, 27, 28
Lord of the Manor of, 27
Manor, 26, 27

Farmed by Knights Templars, 26
Visit of the Society, and Notes on
the Manor and Church, 26 — 31
Middleforlong, Land, 249
Midelton, Richard de, Justice, 155
Miller, Andrew, 227
Milo, Earl of Hereford, 67

Margery and Lucy, his daughters, 67
Milward, Family, Arms of, 142
Mineriis, Henry de, 181

William de, 190
Mingnot, Nicholas, 193
Minsterworth, 157
Mire, Leo le, 164

Mossy, 164
Missenden, Monks of, 92
Mitchell, Family, Arms of, 146
Mixenhulle, Land, 251
Moncaster, Family, Arms of, 148
Monk, C. J., In Memoriam, 301
Monmouth, Robert de, 157
Montague, Ralph, Lord, 47
Monte, W. de, 215

Montfort, Amaury de, Earl of Gloucester,
119
Guy de, no, 112, 113, 258
Henry de, 107

Simon de, Earl of Leicester, 86, 89,
91, 92, 97, 98, 100, 104, 107, 108,
109, no, 112, 113, 258
Dante's description of, 113
Death of, no
Marriage of, 90
Family, 108
Downiall of, no
Montgomerie, Hugh, 26

Roger de, 26
More, Family, Arms of, 140
Morgan, Family, Arms of, 142
Mortimer, Family, Arms of, 269
M01 tone, Walter de, 225
Moslem, Truce with, in
Mountford, Sir Simon, 285
Mucator, See Mercator
Mulecot, Robert de, 202, 203
Muller, Andrew, 229
Mulvain, Lady, 193
Munday, Maj.-Gen. Pierrepont, 137
Murray, Family, Arms of, 148
Musard, Ralph, 182
Musardere, Clement de, 182
Muscegros, John de, 158, 162
Musgrave, James, 68
Muschet, Robert, 191

Index.

321

Mydewinter, 17S
Myndep. See Mendip
Myre, Ralph le, 164
Samuel, le, 168

Nailsworth, Walter de, 207, 209
Nailsworth, Chapel and priest's house
is.), 20, 21
A Chapelry of Averring, 21
Naples, 94
Neel, John, 232

Thomas, 249, 250, 251
Nereford, E., 232, ^34
Netley, Abbey, 101
Netterstone, Lands in, 240
Neville, Hugh de, 147

Joan de, 147

Pnilip, 1 17

Richard, Earl of Warwick, 281

Family, 38
Aims of, 147
Nevouz, Richard le, 214, 218, 220

Robert le, 215, 216, 219, 221
New, John le, 204

R. de, 215
Newcastle, Friars of the Sac at, 169
Newent, Robert de, 161
Newington, Lady of, 237

Lord of, 227

Nicholas de, 207

Roger de, 206, 207, 208
Newington Church, Rector of, 227

Land in, 206, 226, 229, 244

Manor of, 207, 208
Nevvinnton Bagpath, 2
Ney, Conrad, Vicar of Lechlade, 44
Neylesworth. See Nailsworth
Nicholas, son of Ralph, 225
Niddrewelleslade, Land, 185
Nigel, Hugh son of, 191
Noble, Philip le, 169
Northampton, Marquis of. See Parre
Northampton, Oath taken by Richard
Plantagenet and Crusaders at, 93
Northfield, Land, 237
Northleach. at time of Survey, 53
Northumberland, Duke of. See Dudley
Northumberland, Earl of. See Percy
Norton, Agnes, 279

Isabel, 273

Richard, 279

Thomas, Customer of Bristol, 272

Thomas, 273, 279, 284

Document relating to the Trial of,

275— 2S3
Walter, 272, 273, 279
Will of, .74, 275
Norwich, iOj

Bi hi <]> "i See Suthfeld
Funeral Mass, for Henry of Almaine,
at, 113
Norwold, Hugh de, Bishop of Ely, 103
Noyait, Mabilia la, 16S

Ochoure, Land, 183
Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, 169
Odo, Brother, 193
Oily, Robert d', 62
Oldehulle, Land, 247, 251
Oldisworth, sir Willi, mi, Monument ot,
in Fairford Church, 42

Family, Arms of, 140
Olepenne, Bartholomew de, 208, 217

John de, 208
Olepenne, Land, 226

Lord of, 226, 227

Olledene, Land, 183, 184

Olverstone, Lands in, 240

Olyver, Adam, 160

Omenie. See Ampney Crucis

Osbert, 1N3

Osleworth. Sec Ozleworth

Osmund, Ralph, 165

Richard, 176
Osney, Monastery, 62
Otry, Peter, 176
Otto, the Legate, Cardinal of San

Niccolo, 90, 91, 187
Oxford, Earl of. See Harley
Oxford, Friars of the Sac at, iGj

Henry III. at, 87

Provisions of, 107
Ozleworth, Lady of, 199

Xi^el de, 190, 198, 204

Thomas de, 194
Ozleworth, 180,

Lands in, 204

Manor of, 21 2, 243

Packer, Anne, 134, 137

Elizabeth, 134

John, 134, 136

Matthew le, 176
Page, William, 164

m, John, Bishop of Worcester, 62
I akkere. See Packer
Panes, Reginald de, Mayor of Bristol, 158
Parchment-maker, William the, 170
Paris, Endowment of Schools at, by
Cistercian Order, 102

S. Denis, Abbot ot.
Pane, William, Marquis of Northampton,

261
Parsons, Dr., Chancellor of Oxford, 40
Parvise — Ave ring, 15, 18

Elkstone, 18

Langford Church, 53
Passelewe, Henry, 231, 249, 250, 251,252
Grant of Land to, 230

Robert, 191, 203, 205, 24S
Passemir, John, 239

William, 239
Paternoster, William, 161
Patrick, Monk of Gloucester, 117
Pedigrees— Stephens, 130, 136-7
Pelliparius. See Skinner
PemDerti n, Elizabeth, 134, 136

Sir Francis, Lord Chiul Justice of
England, 134, 136
Pembroke, E, ul ot. Set M.11 I1.1l
Pende, William, 170

Pennington, 1 U idget, 149
Family, Arms of, 148
Percy, 1 teni y, 109

Henry, Eai I of NorthuinU 1 land, 266
Family, Arms of, 148, 20G
Peris, Hem y, n;!

Perkins, V. R. ; Documents relating to
Cisten 1 in Monastei j of St.
Mary, Kingswood, 179 — 256
Pi rol Cassandra, 1
1 lent v. 68
Family, Arms, 68

I i|, 250, 251
1 hi le, 178
Mai lin le, 178

x>3
Pet ilia, l 'an" ■

el, ] imily, Arras of, 147
i ell, Thon Bishop ol Won

25-1

322

Index.

Peyner, Mary, 27

Thomas, 27
Philip III., King of France, in
Philip the Carpenter, 217
Pigeon-house. See Culver
Pilewyne, W.,214
Pill, John, 2
Pipereman, Simon, 160
Piscinae— Avening, 14., 17, iS

Beverston Castle, 7

Beverston Church, 4

Bibury, 65

Farringdon, Lktle, 50

Langford, 53

Lechlade, 46

Meysey Hampton, 31

Southrop, 54
Pistor, Adam, 235

Gilbert, 160
Planke, Thomas de la, 203
Plantagenet, Edmund, Earl of Cornwall,
101, 104, iog, no, 114, 258, 259
Tomb of, at Hayles Abbey, 26S

George, Duke of Clarence, 281

Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily,
Duchess, 43, 44, 68

Richard, Earl of Cornwall, 43, 86, 92,

257 r
Arms of, 271

Beatrice, Wife of, 114

Burial of, at Hayles, 114

At the Crusade, 94

Curia of, at Aix-la-Chapelle, 106

Death of, 113, 259

Departure for the Holy Land, 92,

Elected Emperor of Germany and

King of the Romans, 106, 257
Founder of Hayles Abbey, 86, 99,

257
Illness of, 101
Imprisonment of, no
In France, 96. 97
Income of, 106
Isabel Marshall, wife of, 87, 107

Death of, 92

Buried at Beaulieu Abbey, 92

Discovery of tomb, 92
Isabella, daughter of, 114
John, son of, 114
Marriage of, 100
Nicholas, son of, 92
Oath taken by, 93
Philip, son of, 114
Quarrel with Henry III. over

Gascony, 97
Return to England, 95
Richard, son of, 114
Rights over Deerhurst Priory pur-
chased by, 102
Rising of, against Henry III.,

90, 91
Countess Sancbia, wife of, 44, 98,

100, 101, 102, 104
Tomb of, at Hayles Abbey, 268,

269
Travels of, in Europe, 94, 95
Visit to Beaulieu Abbey, 99
Visit to Pontigny, 101
Vows to build an abbey at Hayles,

98, 99
Family, Arms of, 143
Pleydell, Robert, 26, 139
William, 139
Family, 24

Arms of, 139, 143
Brass of, 143
Plumer, Gilbert le, 175

Poitou, 97

Deputation of the Nobles of, to-

Henry III., 87
Earldom of, 93, 96
Pockelchurch. See Pucklechurch
Pokhampton, Ville of, 224
Pole, Robert de la, 165
Pons, Reginald, Lord of, 96
Pons, Henry III. and the English Army

at, 96
Ponsonby, William Francis Spencer,
Baron de Mauley, 57
Family, 120
Arms of, 144
Pontigny, Cistercian Abbey of, 101
Popethorne, Land, 229, 237
Portesheved, John de, 175

Sarra de, 178
Portsmouth, Port of, 171
Pottery, Anglo-Roman, in W. Cripps'
Museum, Cirencester, 68
Samian Ware, in W. Cripps'
Museum, Cirencester, 68
Powell, William de, 175

Family, 59
Powle, Catherine, 145

Henry, Rt. Hon., Master of the Rolls,
and Speaker in the House of
Commons, 62, 145
Family, Arms of, 145
Poynings, Eleanor, 266

Brian and Fitzpaine, Robert Lord,

266
Family, Arms of, 149. 266
Poyntze, Family, 9
Prepositus. See Steward
Pretender, The. See Stuart
Prior's Cotes. See Eastleach
Prude, Ralph le, 175
Prunes, Walter, 143

Family, Arms of, 143
Brass of, 143
Prusteland, Land, 184
Publilond, Le, Land, 251
Pucklechurch, Elias of, 162
Puncius, 115, 116

Richard, son of, 117
Purlewent, John, 240
Puseforlang, Land, 184
Putot, William de, Sheriff of Gloucester,

182
Pye, Sir Charles, 136
Pype, Walter, 175

Quarer', Le, Land, 250
Quenington Church (itlus.), 59

Almery, 60

Arms, 145

Carved Doorways, 60 — 61

Earliest mention of, 59

Foundation of, 59

Given to Gloucester Abbey, 59

" Treasure-stone," 61

Visit of the Society, and Descrip-
tion of, 60 — 61
Court Farm, 6 1
Derivation of Name, 58
Manor, 59

Granted to Sir Anthony Kingston,

Held by Knights Templars and
Knights of S. John or Hospi-
tallers, 59

Possessors of, 59
Preceptory of Knights Hospitallers
at, 59, 60

Index.

323

Quenington (continued)—

Visit of the Society, and Notes on the
Manor and Church, 58 — 61
Quinton, Clopton Brass at, 17

Radcliffe, James, Earl of Derwentwater,
and Anna Maria, his wife, 57
Execution of, 57
Ragenilda, 185

Ralph, Monk of Gloucester, 117
Ralph, Nicholas son of, 225
Ralph the Cook of London, 170
Ranfurly, Earl of. See Knox
Ras, Nicholas de, 162
Reading, 92

Abbey, 114
Reason, Agnes, 139
John, 139

Family, Arms of, 139, 143
Brass of, 143
Redy, Alexander, 140

Family, Arms of, 140
Reeve, Edith la, 249
Edmund le, 250
John le, 250
Roger le, 247
Reginald, Lord of Pons, 96
Reinbald, 26
Reiner, Brother, 196
Renshaw, Family, Arms of, 148
Reveward, Sanekyn, 158
Reynolds, Sir Joshua, Stained Glass

Window d' signed by, 80
Ribbeford, Henry de, 184, 1S6

Tristram de, 185
Ricardescroft, Land, 241, 242
Riccherweye, Le, Land, 250, 251
Rich, Edmund, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, 92, 93, 100
Richard III., 27, 281
Richard, Abbot of Hayles, 259
Richard, Abbot of Kingswood, 247
Richard, Brother, 196
Richard, of St. Augustine's, 216
Richard the beater, 198
Richard, John, 229
Rievaulx, Abbey, 101
Riforlang, Land, 184
Ripariis, Richard <le, 172
Rivers, Earl of. See Wydeville
Rixwell, Land, 184
Robert, Duke of Normandy, 59
Robert, the Mower of the Prior of St.

James, Bristol, 166
Rocdecroftes, Le, Land, 239
Roche, Family, Anns of, 144
Rocheiord, Cecile de, 214, 216, 218, 220
Robert de, 190, 192
Thomas de, 226, 242, 243
William de, 215, 216, 217, 218 219, 221,
222, 243,
Roches, Peter de, Bishop of Winches-
ter, 91
Rochester, Bishop of. See St. Martin
Rocwood, Land, 202, 203
Rodborough, Thomas de, 206
Roddyng, John, 171
Rodeneye, Richard de, 247
Rodmarton, Henry, parson of, 191
William, Lord of, 231
William de, iSj, 185, 186, IOI,
205, 206, 2j2

Rodmarton, Land at, -1
Rodmarton, Roger de, Abbot of Ciren-
cester, 214, 218
Roger, Brother, 215
Roger the beater, 19c

Roman Remains— Cirencester, Altar and
Reliefs found at, Description of
(illus.), 69 — 72

In W, Cripps1 Museum, at Ciren-
cester, 6S — 72
Romans, King of the, Arms of, 268
Rome, 95

Church of S. Francesco, m

Church of San Sylvestro, in
Picture at, 113
Romeneye, Ralph, 158
Rondoune, Land, 250
Rood — Langtord Church, 50
Rop, W., 217
Roper, Richard le, 176
Ros, Le, Land, 207, 208
Rosamond, Fair. See Clifford
Roscelyn, Juliana, 164

William, 164
Rosso, Aldebrandino, Count of Anguil-

lai a, 112
Rotherewey, Land, 247
Rous, Reginald le, 164
Rubel, John, 250
Ruccadene, Land, 1S4
Rucherweye. See Richerweye
Rudhall, Abraham, Bellfouml.
Ruffus, Nicholas, 193, 204
Rugweye, Le, Land, 206, 237
Rupe, Ralph de, 235
Rus, Ro^er le, 164

William le, 158
Russell, Margaret, 141

Roger, 214

Sir Theobald, 141

Family, Arms ol, 141
Rylond, La, Land, 251
Rythie, La, Land, 250

Sac, Friars of the. 169,
Sackville, Elizabeth, 14O

Henry, 146

Henry, High Sheriff, Gj

Sir Jordan, 147

Thomas, 147

Sir Thomas, 64, 1 r

Family, Anns of, 146
S.igar, Oiho, Vicar of Warmfield, 260,
2C8

Stephen, Abbot of Hayles, and
King's Chaplain, :'■
Saham, Justice, 150, 151
St. Asaph, Bishop of. See Ani.m
St. David's, Sic of, to

Bishop of. See Welch a
St. Loe. Edward, 1 (<

Margaret,
St. Maur, Alice, 27

Lawrence de, 27

N tch is, l.oi d, 2:

Richard, 27

Thomas, 27

Family, 27, 31

Anns, 29, 0

Saint. ill. and En li b

.a, 91
I
Salford, Nichola
Salisbury, Bishop fork

1 euz; Longi
Saltl I 1 1

-57

Arms of, 1 1 1

Bui ial of, at Hayl . 1 1 1, 257

M.11 1 ii d to Rii hai
Sancto Laudo, John
Sandputti . Land,

324

Index.

Sarum, Roger of, Bishop of Bath and

Wells, 99
Saunders, Edward, 139

Susan, 139

William, 27

Family Arms of, 139
Savory. Family, Arms of, 142
Savoy, Peter of, 114
Scai, Adam, 184

William, 184
Scarborough, Governor of, 133
Scilly Islands, 97
Sclat, Roger, 197
Sebentone, Robert de, 165
Selyman, Robert, 167
Senlac, Battle of, 163
Senyse, Peter Cof de, 165
Seppestall, Land, 183
Sepulture, Tripartite, 112
Serjeaunt, Joan, 239, 240, 241, 242

John le, 240, 241, 242
Serlo, Abbot of Gloucester, 55, 59
Seth-Smith, W. Howard; Chavenage

House, i2i — 127
Severn, River, 102

Fishery in, 239
Seymour, Edward, Duke ot Somerset, 65

Sir Thomas, Admiral, 10, 129, 261
Seynt, John de, 157, 175
Seyorthforlong, La, Land, 230
Shaftesbury, Earl of. See Ashley-Cooper
Sheen, 279

Sherington, Sir W., 55
Shelley, P. B., Poem written at Lech-
lade, 47
Sheppard, Joan, 279

John, Mayor of Bristol, 272, 273, 275,
279

Philip, 19

Samuel, 18

Family, 20
Shipton, Clerk of, 222
Shipward. See Sheppard
Shirley, Family, Arms of, 149
Shute, Alice Elizabeth, 135, 137

Henry Richmond, 135, 137

Richmomd, 137

Mrs. Richmond, 135
Sicily, 113

Sidney, Sir Philip, 12, 129
Simon, 193

Simon, Bishop of Worcester, 116, 117
Simons, Family, Arms of, 142
Simundeshale. See Symondshall
Siptune. See Shipton
Siston, Adam de, 157
Sitheston, Henry de, 175, 17G, 178

Mabel, servant of, 178
Siward liar, 43
Skay, Robert le, 216, 218, 220
Skay, La, Land, 213
Skey, John de, 253
Skinner, Reginald, 21 1
Skrevyn, John, Sheriff of Bristol, 276,

277, 278
Slauhterslade, Land, 237
Slepareshulle, Land, 237
Sley, Peter de, 178
Smallcumbe, Mill of, 190
Smalthorn, Land, 231, 249, 250
Smetheleyc, Walter de, 170
Smith, N. the, 198
Smith, Simon the, 162
Smythesweye, Land, 2.19
Soana, Castle of, 112

Ibury, Land in, 235
Sodbury Little, Rector of, 131
Somerset, Duke of. See Seymour

Sorstan, John de, 217
South, John, 169
Southfield, Land, 237
Southam-de-la-Bere, Built by Sir John
Huddleston, 266
Hayles Tiles at, 264
Southampton, Earl of. See Fitzwilliam
Southende, La, Land, 253
Southrop, 120

At time of Survey, 53
Church, Almeries, 55
Altar-tomb, 54
Norman Apse, 54
Arms, 144

Description of, 54, 55
Early English Doorway, 54
Effigies of Sir Thomas Conway

and his lady, 53, 54
Font, Description of, 55
Font (il'.us.), 54
Hagioscope, 54
Norman Doorway, 54
Piscina, 54
Windows, 54
Land in, 53, 118
Lords of the Manor. 53
Manor, held by Wadham College,

Oxford, 53
Manor House, Remains of a very
Early Dwelling in, 53
Norman Doorway, 54
Visit of the Society, and Notes on
the Manor and Church, 53 — 55
Southurne, Walter le, 227
Southwyk, John de, 168
Spelly, Elias, Mayor of Bristol, 272, 273
Spencer, William, Mayor of Bristol, 274,
275, 278, 283
Accused of Treason, 276
Imprisonment of, 277
Release from Prison, 280
Spicer, Gilbert le, 158
Spilemon, William, 214
Squint. See Hagioscope
Stabler, Peter le, 221

Robert le, 193
Stafford, Anthony, Abbot of Hayles, 260

Robert de, 164
Stamford, Covesleye, 164
Lys de, 184
Ryke, 164
Stanhulle, Land, 204
Stanmere, Land, 250
Stanmereswei, Land, 192
Stanmerlies, Land, 250
Stanton Fitzwarren, Font, 55
Stapleton, Agnes, 265
Gilbert, 265
Joan, 2C5
Sir Miles, 265
Family, Arms of, 265
Stapleton, Township of, 178
Stenethulle, Land, 183
Stepenhulle, Land, 251
Stepforlong, Land, 237
Stephen, King, 9
Stephens, Abigail, 133, 136
Anne, 136

Colonel, 12, 125, 131
Catherine, 136, 137

Arms of, 123
Cholmondeley, 136
Edith, 136
Edward, 1 ), 122, 128, 130, 136

Joan, his wile, 128
Elizabeth, 136, 137
Hanua, 136
Henry, 130, 133, 134, 135. 136. 137

Index.

325

Stephens (continued)—
Colonel Henry, g
Hester, 131
James, 130, 136
Margaret, 136
Mary, 137
Nathaniel, 137
High Sheriff of Gloucestershire

134, 136
Colonel, M.P. for Gloucestershire,

12, 125, 131, 133, i34> 136
Legend of, 131-2
Richard, i?i, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126,

127, 130, 133, 134, 136, 137
Robert, 131, 133, 136

Rector of Eastington, 134, 137
Sarah, 136
Thomas, 130, 136
Stephens, Family, Notes on Chavenage
and the Stephens Family, by
W. H. Silvester Davies,

128—135

Family of Eastington, 10

Family, 129
Arms, 10, 123, 126, [4 1
Pedigree of, 130, 136-7
Steward, William the, ibi
Stinchcomh, Hamlet of, 239, 24 1
Stok, John, 166
Stoker, Edith, 167
Stondingeston, 227
Stone, Ann, 136

Elizabeth, 130

Elyanora de, 242

John, 130, 136

Robert de, 208

Robert de la, 170

Thomas de, 240, 241
Stone, Lands in, 241
Stonhull, Land, 231, 250
Strange, Robert, Mayor of Bristol, 272
Strode, Henry de la, 202, 203
Strongbovv, Earl. See Clare
Stroud, Parish Church, 130
Stuart, James Edward, the "Pretender,"

57
Sub bosco. See Underwood
Sudeley Castle, Sir John Huddleston,
Governor of, 265
Sir William Compton, Governor
of, 266
Suffield. See Suthfeld
Sulevas, at Cirencester (Ulus.), 69
Altar dedicated to, at Bath, 70
Altar dedicated to, at Cirencester,

69—72
Dedication to, at Bath, 72
At Colchester, 69 — 72
In Europe, 72
At Rome, 72
Sulinus, son of Brucetus, Altar at Bath,
erected by, 70
Altar at Cirencester, erected by,

70—72
Son of Maturus, Altar dedicated by,
to Sul-Minerva, 72
Sul-Minerva, god at Bath, 71

Altar to, dedicated by Sulinus, son
of Maturus, 72
Sultan, Prisoners taken by, during
Crusade, i"2

Snmeri, William, 196
Stindon, Beds., b8
Suth, John, 231
Walter, 231
Suthfeld, Walter de, Bishop of Norwich,

100, 103
Sweltenhulleshide, Land, 250

Swetenhullested, Land, 249
Sweyn, 9

Swinheye, Land at, 253
Swonhunger, Alice, 240, 241, 242

John de, 240, 241, 242

Thomas de, 225, 239

William de, 239, 241
Symons, Family, Arms of, 142
Symondshall, Church, 226, 227

Manor, 202, 224

Taillcburg, French and English Armies

at, 96
Tame, Sir Edmund, 38, 141

and wife Alice, Brass of, in Fair-
ford Church, 42
John, 38, 40
and wite Alice, Effigies of, in

Fairford Church, 42
Founder of Fairford Church, 37
Thomas, 141
Family, Arms of, 141
Brass of, 141
Tanur John le, 159

Ralph le, 158
Taunton, William de, 213
Taverner, Robert le, 176

Roger le, 158, 164, 175
Taylur, Richard the, 174
Tedepenne. See Tettepenne
Templersquarer, Land, 250
Tenterne. See Tintern
Tetbury, H. de, 219
John de, 1S4
Philip de, 185, 186, 190
Tetbury, Parson of, 214

William, Parson of, 191
Tetes, Lady of, 200
Tettepenne, Adam de, 227

William de, 226, 227
Tewkesbury Abbey, Grant of Lands to, 24
Geraldus, Abbot of, 26
Heart of Isabella, Countess of
Gloucester and Cornwall, buried
at, 92
Tewkesbury, Battle of, 260, 279
Thames, River, 43, ng
Thomas, Abbot of Kingswood, 190, 191
Thomas, Brother, 215
Thomas, Prior of Malvern, 116, 117
Thomas, Wiiliam, 239
Thornbui y, Vicar of, 135
Throckmorton, John

Elizabeth, his wife, 130
Thunnack, Manor of, 114
Thurid, 1S5
Thurkild, Widow, 213
Tickhill, Manor of, 108
1 iene, R ilph de, 182

I mill 11 Abbey, 101, 180

Abbot of, 194, 256

eh 1 1 iter House, 256

< rant 1 if Land to, 256

Pi ior of, 215
Toddington House, 270
To.v 1 I. VI. 1111, 172

Elena, 172
Toki, Alice,
Tolsude, John de, 162

I I ima e, Peter de, 163
Tonbrid ■

Tonr.vi Hi . Land, 238
Toney, Family, Aims of,

["oppi , Dl 1 1 1 1 1 . and his wilr P Holhy, )(

I 1 1 ir', 53
Tovey, fohn, 176

326

Index.

Townsend, Alice Gertrude, 137

Geraldine Henrietta, 137

Henry John, 135, 137

John, Brass oi, in Lechlade Church,
46

Rev. Maurice Fitzgerald, Vicar oi
Thornbury, 135, 137

Thomas, 140

Sarah, wife of, 140
Tracy, Sir John, Viscount, 261

Lord, 262

Thomas Charles, Lord Viscount, 270

Family, 26S
Arms of, 140, 148
Trapani, in Sicily, 94
Tredelaz, 213

Tremleye, Water-mill at, 170
Tresham, Adam de, 192

William Scai de, 192
Tresour, John, 158
Tristam, Brother of Louis IX., m

Burial of, 112
Troham, William de, 202, 203
Tropyn, John, 175
Trotman, Family, Arms of, 148
Truant, Elena, 178

Nicholas, 178
Trylly, Robert, 238
Tudenham, William, 253
Tumbrel I — Kingswood Abbey, 237
Tunis, Crusade at, m
Turbeville, Hugh de, 158
Turner, Family, Arms of 143
Turtle, Stephen, 158, 176
Twinyho, John, Recorder of Bristol,
276, 282

John, Brass of, in Lechlade Church,
46, 141
Arms of, 46

Family, Aims of, 47, 141
Twyford, Railway Accident near, 154
Tyard, William, 175
Tykys, Richard, 172, 173
Tynuhurst, Nonni I. de, 217
Tyntai ne. See Tintern
Tyringham, Elizabeth, 141

Family, Arms of, 141
Tysun, Wakelin, 193

Uchdryd, Family, Arms of, 139
Uley, Peter de, 206, 207, 209, 226
Uley, Land at, 207, 208
Ulward, 55
Underwood, Gregory, 213

Simon, 213
Upchurch, Pottery from, 68
Uphill, Hugh de, 175

W., 197
Upton, Robert de, 196, 207, 209

Walter de, 185, 186, 190
Urban, Pope, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 258
Urswycke, Christopher, Almoner of Henry

VII , 266
Uuilfrith, Bishop of Worcester, 62

Vaccar, Adam de, 213
Vachell, Family, 59
Vandyck, Sir Anthony, 40
Vaughan, Family, Arms of, 138, 139
Vaulx, James, his Wives and Children,
Monument ami Effigies of, in
Meysey Hampton Church, 29, 30

Yaux, Family, Arms of, 140

Veel, Robert le, 216, 219, 220, 236

Vernon, Courienay John, 137

Vico, I >i. Family, IV fects ol Rome, in

Viterbo, no, in

Cathedral of, 112

Church of Santa Maria dei Gradi, 258
Church of San Sylvestro, 258
Picture at, 113

Wadberwe Land, 248

Wadham College, Oxford, Southrop Manor

held by, 53
Waismer, Brother, 217
Wake, Agnes, 164

Reginald, 164
Wakefield, Henry, Bishop of Worcester,

Arms of, 269
Walcher, Prior of Malvern, 116
Waleys, Henry le, 158
Wall, Luke, 171
Wallingford, 89

Bead'e of, 217

Castle, 92, 104

Granted to Richard Plantagenet, 88
Wallrand, Robert, 219
Walter, Clerk of Cirencester, 216
Walter, Clerk of Hillesley, 204
Walter, son of Henry, 181
Walter the Baker of Gloucester, 168
Wanswell, Lands in, 241
Wapley, Vicar of, 134
Ware, Robert la, 158, 168
Warewyche, Walter de, 166
Wanner, Henry le, 252
Warmfield Church, Inscription, 260

Otho Sagar, Vicar of, 260, 268
Warne, Osborne, 256
Warneford, Anne, 146

Edmund, 146

Family, Arms of, 146, 147
Warre, Jordan de la, Lord of Cnolle, 216,
217, 243

Lord de la, 284, 285
Warwick, Earls of, Arms of, 40

Lands of, 279

S-e Beauchamp ; Neville
Warwickshire, Englishry in, 156
Waryn, John, 162
Waters, John le, 167
Watkins, Ann, 139

Richard, 139

Family, Arms of, 139
Waucham, Peter de, 215, 217
Waunton, John de, 236

William de, 225
Waverley Abbey, ioi, 180

Abbot of, 216
Wawes, Le, Land, 250
Wayte, John le, 214
Weare, Robert, 9
Webb, Sir John, 57, 144

Sir Thomas, 57

Family, 120
Arms of, 139, 144, 145
Webley, Milo de, 169
Welchman, Thomas the, Bishop of St.

1 (avid's, 103
Wellop, William, 160
Wells Cathedral, Library, Manuscript in,

• 257 •
Welric, William le, 176

Wenscerd, Land, 183

WERE V. ; Heraldry of the different
Churches, &c, visited by the
Gloucestershire Archaeological

Society during their Visit to
Fairford, August 9th to nth,
1899, 138-149
West, Henry, 249, 250, 251
Richard, 2.17

Index.

327

Wi stbury Hundred, 156

Westcote, William de, 2

Westfelde, Land, 204

Westlangfurlang, Land, 1S3

Westminster Abbey, Henry VII. 's Chapel,
40
Shrine of Edward the Confessor at,
113, 258

Weston, Nicholas de, 160
Thomas de, 175

Westrop, William de, 191

Westwood, W., Lord ol Bibury Manor, 64

Whalley, Abbot of Hayles. See Sagar

Whalley, Abbey, 101, 260

White, Thomas Ie, 240, 241

Whiteheved, William, 163

" White Ship," 129

Whiting, Walter, 234
William, 214

Whiuington, Family, Arms of, 140

Whytchurch, William, Abbot of Hayles,
259, 260, 263

Wich, Richard de la, Bishop of Chiches-
ter, 99, 103

Wick, Thomas de, Prior of Malvern, 116

Wike, Peter de, 216
Stephen de, 193

Wilberforce, Robert, 120

Wilecryk, John, 249, 250, 251

Wilfrith. See Uuilfnth

Wilkyns, William, 280, 281

William I., 43, 129

William II., 24, 38, 59

William, Earl of Holland and Vriesland,

. . IOS
William, son of Elias, 186

Williams, Isaac, 120

Family, Arms of, 148
Willington, Ralfh de and Olympias his

wife, 65
Willi*, Harriet, 137

Henry, Rector of Little Sodbury and
Vicar of Wapley, 134, 137

Henry Hannes, a Monk, 135, 137

John, 134, 137
\\ inchcomb Abbey, Monks of, 103

Church, Arms in, 148
Piscina, 148

Henry III., at 103

Hundred, 87

Township of, 154
Winchester, 86

Bishop of. Nii- I.esingnam ; Roches
Windows. See Glass
Windsor, Andrew Lord, 20
Windsor, 282
Witflur, 213

Wodemannesthorn, Land, 250
Wodewclle, 226, 227
Wokemewcye, Land, 250
Wombestrong, Richard, 167
Wong or Wang, Meaning of, 184

Woodford, Lands in, 240, 241
Woolbeater, John the, 165
Reginald the, 165
..is Ie, 17?
Worcester, Ralph de, 87

Hayles Castle and Church built
by, 258
Worcester, Cathedral Churchof St. Mary,
.62, 25+
Bishop of, 67, 161, 178
Bishops of. .Scf Afcock : Allium ;
Cantilupe; Egwin; Giffard; Pag-
ham : Peverell ; Simon ; Uuilfrith ;
Wakefield
Chapter, 254, 255
Prior. See Fordham
Friars of the Sac at, 169
See 1
Wotton, Joan de, 214
Lady of, 2 id, 220
Mary, 146
Samuel, 146
I iiniiy, Anns of, 146
Wright, W. H. T. ; Notes on the
Parishes and Churches of East-
leach Martin and Eastleach Fur-
ville, 115— 120
Wriothesleys, Family, 47
Wuung, Land, 184

Wydeville, Anthony, Earl of Rivers, 281
Wylecryk. See Wilecryk
Wymbervile, Walter de, 219
Wynch, John, 242
Wynchcombe. Sit Winchcomb
Wyndemullefeld, Land, 241, 24.'
Wyneman, Ralph, 175, 17''
Wynton, hmma, 178

Philip de, 178
Wyssey, John, Mayor of Bristol, 15S
Wytehulle, Emma de, 178

Vate, Kykon of, 170

Yet, Robert de, 234

Ygete, 213

York, Archbishop of. Set (liny

Duke of. See Plantagenet

Duchess of, Badge of, in Lechlade
Church, 46

William of, Bishop of Salisbury, 1 13
Yorkshire, Englishry in, 156
Yrcumbe, 237
Yvenok, William de, 159
Ywelega, Set Uley

Zouche, Helen de la, 27
John (7) Lord, 27

William (5) I ird, of 1 [arynworth, .
William (6) Lord, 27
Family, Arms, 29

^rcijoeolocrtcrtl gtocizhj.

JANUARY, 1901.

President :
F. F. Fox, Esq., Yate House, Chipping Sodbury.

President of Council :
Sir Brook Kay, Bart., Stanley Lodge, Cheltenham.

Hon. General Treasurer:
G. M. Currie, Esq., 26 Lansdown Place, Cheltenham.

Hon. Editor:
Rev. C. S. Taylor, M.A., Banwell Vicarage, Somerset.

Hon. Local Secretary for Bristol :

John E. Pritchard, Esq., F.S.A., Guy's Cliff, Sydenham Road,

Bristol.

Hon. General Secretary :
Rev. William Bazeley, M.A., Matson Rectory, Gloucester.

YICE-PRESIDENTS, MEMBERS OF COUNCIL, AND
LOCAL SECRETARIES.

January, 1901.

City of Bristol. — Vice-Presidents : The Right Worshipful the Lord
Mayor of Bristol! ; The Master of the Society of Merchant Venturers! ;
The Right Rev. The Bishop of Bristol. Council Proper : James Baker,
F.R.G.S. ; A. E. Hudd, F.S.A. ; F. F. Tuckatt, F.R.G.S. ; A. T. Martin,
M.A., F.S.A. ; John Latimer. Local Secretary : John E. Pritchard, F.S.A.

City of Gloucester. — Vice-Presidents : The Right Worshipful the
Mayor of Gloucester!; Rev. S. E. Bartleet, M.A., F.S.A. Council Proper:
H. W. Bruton ; H. G. Madan. M.A. ; Oscar W. Clark, M.A., MB.
Local Secretary: F. S. Waller, F.S.A.

Cirencester Division. — Vice-Presidents ; Rev. Canon Bourne, M.A.,
F.S.A. ; Wilfred J. Cripps, C.B., F.S.A. ; Rev. D. Royce, M.A. Council
Proper : Christopher Bowly. Local Secretaries : Stow-on-the-Wold —
Rev. F. E. Broome Witts, M.A. Tetbury— Rev. E. W. Evans., M.A.
Chipping Campden —

Forest of Dean Division.— Council Proper : Rev. W. Bagnall-

Oakeley, M.A. ; C. Bathurst, Junr. ; Douglas J. Wintle. Local Secretaries :

Lydney— G. W. Keeling. Chepstow— Godfrey Seys.

Stroud Division.— Vice-Presidents : F. A. Hyett, M.A. ; W. Leigh.

Council Proper: W. St. Clair Baddeley ; A. J. Morton-Ball. Local

Secretaries: Stroud— W. J. Stanton. Dursley— Rev. W. Silvester

Davies, M.A. Nailsworth — A. E. Smith.
Thornbury Division. — Vice-President : F. F. Fox. Council Proper :

Rev. W. T. Blathwayt, M.A. ; Rev. Canon Ellacombe, M.A. Local

Secretaries: Berkeley— Rev. J. L. Stackhouse, M.A. Wotton-under-

Edge — Vincent R. Perkins.
Tewkesbury Division. — Vice-President: Sir J. E. Dorington, Bart.,

M.A., M.P. Council Proper : G. S. Blakeway, T. Dyer-Edwardes, M.A. ;

E. S. Hartland, M.A., F.S.A. Local Secretary : Tewkesbury-
Cheltenham.— Vice-Presidents ; The Worshipful the Mayor of

Cheltenham!; R. V. Vassar-Smith ; G. B. Witts, C.E. Council

Proper: A. le Blanc; C. E. Gael; H. A. Prothero, M.A. Local

Secretary : G. M. Currie.
Not Assigned : Vice-Presidents: John Beddoe, M.D. ; J. G P.

Palmer Hallett, M.A. Council Proper: C. H. Dancey ; Rev. J M

Hall, M.A. ; H. Medland ; Rev. W. Symonds, M.A

+ Wh» a Member of this Society.

SUBSCRIBING MEMBERS, 1901.

Names of Life Members are given in heavier type.

An asterisk is affixed to the names of Members of Council for 1900- 1.

The Treasurer will feel obliged if Members will inform him of any
change in their address.

Ackers, B. St. John, Huntley Manor, Gloucester.

Adams, J. W., Commercial Road, Gloucester.

Adams, W. Avery, The Guildhall, Bristol.

Adlam, William, F.S.A., D.L., Manor House, Chew Magna, Bristol.

Allen, Rev. William Taprell, M.A., 36 Ampthill Road, Fulwood Park,

Liverpool.
Alston, Rev. W. T., 12 St. Paul's Road, Gloucester.
Archer, Lieut. -Col. G. W., R.E., The Rookery, Frensham, Farnham.
Armitage, W. H., Lyley House, Wotton-under-Edge.
Arrowsmith, J. W., 6 Upper Belgrave Road, Clifton, Bristol.
Asher & Co., 13 Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Ashman, Sir Herbert, Cooks Folly, Stoke Bishop, near Bristol.
Atherton, Rev. W. Bernard, B.A., Taynton House, Taynton, near

Gloucester.

*Baddeley, W. St. Clair, Castle Hale, Painswick, Stroud.
*Bagnall-Oakeley, Rev. W., M.A., Tre Cefn, Monmouth.
Bagnall-Oakeley, Mrs. W., Tre Cefn, Monmouth.
Baker, Arthur, Henbury Hill House, Henbury, Bristol.
Baker, Miss E. M., 8 Vyvyan Terrace, Clifton.
Baker, Granville E. Lloyd, Hardwicke Court, Gloucester.
*Baker, James, F.R.G.S., F.R. Hist. S., Sewelle Villa, Goldney Road,
Clifton, Bristol.
Baker, W. Proctor, Sandhill Park, near Taunton.
•Ball, A. J. Morton, The Green, Stroud.
Banks, C, Longford, Gloucester.
Barclay, Rev. Chas. W., M.A., Little Amwell Vicarage, Hertford Heath,

Herts.
Barker, W. R., 106 Redland Road, Bristol.
Barnsley, A. E., Pimbury Park, Cirencester.
Barstow, H. C, M.A., 2 Albert Road, Clifton, Bristol.
•Bartleet, Rev. S. E., M.A., F.S.A., Dursley Rectory, Gloucestershire.
*Bathurst, Charles, Junr., 3 Stone Buildings, Lincolns Inn, London.
Batten, Herbert Cary George, Leigh Lodge, Abbot's Leigh, Clifton,

Bristol.
*Bazeley, Rev. William, M. A. , Matson Rectory, Gloucester (Ho ber.)

(Hon. General Secretary and Librarian),
Bazley, Gardner S., M.A., Hatherop Castle, Fairford, Glos [ VY C
Bazley, Sir Thomas S., Bart., Winterdyne, Chine Crescent R

Bournemouth West, Hants.
Baxter, Wynne E., D.L., Granville Cottage, Stroud.
Beach, The Rt. Hon. Sir Michael E. Hicks, Bart., D.L., M.P.,
Coin St. Aldwyn's, Fairford.

Beaufort, Her Grace the Duchess of, c/o Ward Soame, Esquire, Estate
Offices, Badminton, Chippenham.
•Beddoe, John, M.D., F.R.S., The Chantry, Bradford-on-Avon.

Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, c/o T. Wohlleben, 46 Great Russell Street,
London, W.C.

Biddell, Sidney, New University Club, St. James' Street, London, S.W.

Biddulph. Michael, M.P., Ledbury.

Birchall, J. Dearman, Bowden Hall, Gloucester.

Birchall, Miss Lanesfield, Lansdown Road, Cheltenham.
*Blakeway, G. S., Tuffley, Gloucester.

Blathwayt, Geo. W. Wynter, 35 Church Street, Manchester.

Blathwayt, Rev. Wynter Edward, M.A., Dyrham, Chippenham.
♦Blathwayt, Rev. Wynter T., M.A., Dyrham Park, Chippenham.

Blathwayt, Lieut. -Col. Linley, Eagle House, Batheaston, Bath.

Blood, John N., 3 Berkeley Street, Gloucester.

Blosse, Rev. R. C. Lynch, Tiddenham Vicarage, Chepstow.

Bodleian Library (E. W. Nicholson, Librarian), Oxford.

Bonnor, G. R., Probate Court, Gloucester.
♦Bowly, Christopher, Siddington House, Cirencester.

Braikenridge, W. Jerdone, 16 Royal Crescent, Bath.

Bramble, Lieut. -Col. James Roger, F.S.A., Seafield, Weston-
super-Mare.

Bravender, T. B., 96 Oakfield Road, Anerley, London, S.E.

Briggs, William, Exchange, Bristol.

♦Bristol, The Right Rev. The Bishop of (G. F. Browne, D.D , F.S.A.),
The Avenue, Clifton, Bristol.

Browne, Rev. A. H., D.D., Kempsford Vicarage, Fairford, Glos.

Brownlow, The Right Rev. W. R., D.D., Bishop of Clifton, The Bishop's
House, Clifton, Bristol.

Bruton, H. T., 4 Alexandra Terrace, Gloucester.
"Bruton, H. W., Bewick House, Wotton, Gloucester.

Bruton, James, Wotton Hill Cottage, Gloucester.

Bryan, John, The Lealands, Minchinhampton, Glos.

Bubb, Henry, Ullinwood, near Cheltenham.

Burges, P., The Ridge, Chipping Sodbury.

Burroughs, Jno. Beamies Cooper, 23 Bridge Street, Bristol.

Bush, Edward, The Grove, Alveston, R.S.O., Gloucestershire.

Bush, G. de L'Isle, Standish House, Stonehouse, Glos.

Bush, John, 9 Pembroke Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Bush, R. C, 1 Winifred's Dale, Cavendish Road, Bath.

Bush, T. S , 20 Camden Crescent, Bath.

Butt, Rev. Walter, Minety Vicarage, Malmesbury.

Calcutt, Robt, Avening Lodge, Stroud.

Cardew, C. E., A.M.I.C.E., Insein, Lower Burmah.

Cardew, G. A., 5 Fauconberg Villas, Cheltenham.

Cave, Sir Charles D., Bart., M.A., D.L., Stoneleigh House, Clifton

Park, Bristol.
Cave, Charles H., B.A., Rodway Hill House, Mangotsfield, Glos.
Cave, Daniel C. A., F.S.A., Sidbury Manor, Sidmouth, Devon.
Chance, T. H., Journal Office, St. John's Lane, Gloucester.
Cheesman, Rev. A. H., Salford House, Derby Road, Gloucester.
Cheltenham College (A. A. Hunter, Bursar).
Cheltenham Public Library (Librarian, W. Jones, Cheltenham).
Cheltenham Permanent Library, Royal Crescent, Cheltenham.
Child, Mrs. Robert, Chosen Hill, near Cheltenham.
Chilton, George Horace David, 14 Cambridge Park, Bristol.

Church, A. H., M.A., F.R.S., F.S.A., Shelsley, Kew, Surrey.
Clarke, Alfred Alex., Vicar's Close, Wells, Somerset.
♦Clark, Oscar W., M.A., M.B., S. Luke's House, Spa Road, Gloucester.
Clifton College Library, Clifton, Bristol.
Collett, John M., Guy's Cliff, Wotton, Gloucester.
Cockshott, Arthur, 7 Pittville Crescent, Cheltenham.
Cockshott, Miss, Hazelhurst, Ross.

Codrington, Rev. R. H., D.D., St. Richard's Walk, Chichester.
Cornock, Nicholas, 7 Marjorie Grove, Clapham Common, London, S.W.
Cornwall, Rev. Allan Kingscote, M.A., Burghope, Worsley,

Bradford-on-Avon.
Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club, S. S. Buckman, Hon. Sec, Charlton

Kings, Cheltenham.
Crawley-Boevey, A. W., 24 Sloane Court, London, S.W.
Crawley- Boevey, Sir T. H., Bart., Flaxley Abbey, Newnham,

Gloucestershire.
Crawley-Boevey, Rev. R , MA, Duntisborn Abbot's Rectory, Cirencester.
Crewdson, Theodore, Norcliffe Hall, Handford, Manchester.
Cripps, Henry Kater, Redcliffe, Clifton Road, Clifton, Bristol.
*Cripps, Wilfred J., C.B., F.S.A., The Mead, Cirencester.
Croggan, Edmund, 4 Beaufort Road, Clifton, Bristol.
Cruddas, C. J., Oakfield, Stoke Bishop, Bristol.
Cullimore, J., Christleton, Chester.
Cullis, F. J., F.G.S., Barnwood, Gloucester.
*Currie, G. M., 26 Lansdown Place, Cheltenham (Hon. Treasurer).

•Dancey, Charles Henry, 6 Midland Road, Gloucester.

Daubeny, Capt., 10 Pitville Lawn, Cheltenham.

Davies, E. Jenner, Haywardsend, Stonehouse, Gloucestershire.

Davies, Rev. John Silvester, M.A., F.S.A., Adelaide House, Enfield,

London, N.
*Davies, Rev. W. H. Silvester, M.A., Horsley Vicarage, Stroud.

Davis, Cecil Tudor, Public Library, Wandsworth, London, S.W.

Dawber, E. Guy, 22 Buckingham Street, Adelphi, London, W.C.

De Ferrieres, Baron, Bayshill House, Cheltenham.

De Sausmarez, F. B., M.A., 5 Queen's Parade, Cheltenham.

Dening, Edwin, Manor House, Stow-on-the-Wold, Gloucestershire.

Denton, Rev. Sydney, M.A., 5 Rokeley Avenue, Redland, Bristol.

Derham, Henry, Sneyd Park, Bristol.

Derham, Walter, M.A., F.G.S., 96 Lancaster Gate, London, W.

Dickinson, Miss, Cricklade, Wilts.

Dickinson, J. L., Park House, Eastfield Park, Weston-super-Mare.

Dix, J. W. S., Hampton Lodge, Durdham Down, Bristol.

Dobell, C. Faulkner, Whittington Court, Andoversford, Cheltenham.

Dobell, Clarence Mason, The Grove, Charlton Kings, Cheltenham.

Doggett, Hugh Greenfield, Springhill, Leigh Woods, Clifton, Bri itol

Dominican Priory, Rev. Prior of, Woodchester, Stonehons,-, Cloucester-

shire.
•Dorington, Sir J. E., Bart., M.A., M.P., Lypiatt Park, Stroud.

Dowdeswell, Rev. E. R., M.A., Bushley I'arsonag<\ Tewkesbury.

Drew, Joseph, M.D., Montrose, Battledown, Cheltenham.

Ducie, The Right Hon. the Earl of, P.O., F.R.S., Tortworth
Park, Falfield, R.S.O.

Duke, Col. J. C, Southern House, Pittville Crescent. Cheltenham.

Dulau & Co., for British Museum, 37 Soho Square, I .ondon, W
•Dyer-Edwardes, Thomas, M.A., Prinknash Park, Tain -wick, St 1

Eager, Reginald, M.D., Northwoods, Winterbourne, Bristol.

Eberle, J. Fuller, 96 Pembroke Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Edwards, Rev. E. W.F The Rectory, Avening, Stroud.

Edwards, Sir George W., 2 Sea-wall Villas, Sneyd Park, Bristol.

Edwards, Herbert G., 5, Perceval Road, Clifton, Bristol.
*Ellacombe, Rev. Canon H. N., M.A., The Vicarage, Bitton, Bristol.

Ellicott, A. B., His Honour, M.A., (The Chancellor of the Diocese), The
Culls, Stroud.

Elliot, Major-Gen., 1 Fauconberg Villas, Cheltenham.

Ellis, T. S., 6 Clarence Street, Gloucester.

Emeris, Rev. William, M.A., Taynton Vicarage, Burford, Oxon.

Evans, Arnold, 4 Litfield Place, Clifton, Bristol.
*Evans, Rev. E. W., M.A., Beverston Rectory, Tetbury, Glos.

Evans, J. B., 20 Lansdown Place, Cheltenham.

Fawcett, Miss E. G., Southfield, Painswick, Stroud.
Fear, W. Lyne, 9 South Parade, Clifton, Bristol.
Fenwick, Rev. J. E. A., M.A., Thirlestaine House, Cheltenham.
Fisher, Major C. Hawkins, The Castle, Stroud.
Flower, Edgar, Middle Hill, Broadway, Worcestershire.
Flux, Edward Hitchings, 144 Leadenhall Street, London, E.C.
Forbes, Col. G. H. A., R.A., Rockstowes, Dursley.
Ford, Andrew, Wraxall Court, Wraxall, near Bristol.
Ford, Roger, Kensington Lodge, Kensington Park, Clifton.
Foster, R. G., 2 Spa Villas, Gloucester.
*Fox, Francis Frederick, Yate House, Chipping Sodbury.
Foxcroft, E. T. D., D.L., Hinton Charterhouse, Bath.
Fraser, Surgeon Major-General D. A. Campbell, Chadnor Cottage, Douro

Road, Cheltenham.
Fry, Francis J., Cricket St. Thomas, Chard, Somerset.
Fry, Lewis, The Right Hon., Goldney House, Clifton, Bristol.
Fryer, Alfred C, Ph.D., M.A., 13 Eaton Crescent, Clifton, Bristol.
Fuller, Rev. E. A.,8 George Street, Carlisle.

Gael, C. E., Charlton Kings, Cheltenham.

Gainsborough, The Right Hon. the Earl of, Campden House, Chipping

Campden.
Gardner, Rev. G. L., All Saints Vicarage, Cheltenham.
George, Ch. W., 51 Hampton Road, Bristol.
George, Frank, 7 Ellenborough Crescent, Weston-super-Mare.
George, Rev. P. E., M.A., St. Winifred's, Bath.
George, W. E., Downside, Stoke Bishop, Bristol.
Gibbs, H. Martin, Barrow Court, Flax Bourton, R.S.O., Somerset.
Giller, William Thomas, 16 Tisbury Road, Hove, Brighton.
Glazebrook, Mrs., The School House, Clifton College, Bristol.
Gloucester, The Worshipful the Mayor and Corporation of, c/o

G. S. Blakeway, Esq., Guildhall, Gloucester.
Godfrey, F. W., Junr., Tewkesbury.
Godfrey, Miss M. M., The Greenway, near Cheltenham.
Golding, Mrs., Tudor Lodge, The Park, Cheltenham.
Gresley, Rev. Nigel W., M.A., The Rectory, Ozleworth, Wotton-under-

Edge.
Griffiths, John, M.R.C.S., 25 Redland Park, Bristol.
Guise, Sir W., Bart., Elmore Court, Gloucester.
Gurney, W. Gerald, 12 Wellington Square, Cheltenham.

Haines, Basil John, Manor House, Queen Charlton, near Bristol.

Hale, Maj.-Gen. Robert, Alderley, Wotton-under-Edge.
*Hall, Rev. J. M., M.A., The Rectory, Harescombe, Stroud.
♦Hallett, J. G. P. Palmer, M.A., Claverton Lodge, Bath.

Hallett, Mrs., Claverton Lodge, Bath.

Harding, E. B., Chasefield, Upper Knowle, Bristol.

Harding, Rev. Canon John Taylor, M.A., Pentwyn, Monmouth.

Harford, William H. J., Oldown, Tockington, R.S.O., Gloucestershire.

Harford, Edmund, 3 Priory Street, Cheltenham.

Hartland, Ernest, M.A., F.S.A., Hardwicke Court, Chepstow (Hon. Member).
♦Hartland, E. Sidney, F.S.A., Highgarth, Gloucester.

Harvard College, U.S.A., c/o Triibner & Co., Paternoster House, Charing
Cross Road, London, W.C.

Harvey, Edward A., 26 Victoria Square, Clifton, Bristol.

Hasluck, Rev. E., M.A., Little Sodbury Rectory, Chipping Sodbury.

Hawkesbury, The Right Hon. Lord, F.S.A., Kirkham Abbey,
Yorkshire.

Hayward, The Venerable Archdeacon, M.A., College Green, Gloucester.

Heberden, Rev. H. B., Oddington Rectory, Sto\v-on-the-Wold.

Helps, Arthur S., Barton Street Gloucester.

Herapath, Howard M., 12 St. John's Road, Clifton.

Herbert, Arthur Grenville, Trinity College, Cambridge.

Herbert, W. Hawkins, Paradise House, Painswick, Glos.

Hermessen, F. W. Newmerland, Chepstow Road, Newport.

Higgins, Henry, The Castle, Willsbridge, Bristol.

Hill, Col. Sir E. S., K.C.B., 1 Herbert Crescent, London, S.W.

Hirst, Francis J., 12 Westbury Park, Durdham Down, Bristol.

Holbrow, Rev. Thomas, B.A., Shaw Well, Corbridge-on-Tyne.

Holmes, James G., Thorne Lodge, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol.

Horlick, James, Cowley Manor, Cheltenham.

Howard, Edward Stafford, M.P., 9 Egerton Place, London, S.W.

Howell, Rev. W. C, M.A., Holy Trinity Vicarage, Tottenham, London, N.
•Hudd, Alfred E., F.S.A., 94 Pembroke Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Hughes, W. W., Downfield Lodge, Clifton, Bristol.

Hutton, Rev. W. H., The Great House, Burford, Oxon.
"Hyett, F. A., B.A., Painswick House, Painswick, Stroud.

Isacke, Miss, Stratford Abbey College, near Stroud.

James, Rev. H. A., B.D., The School House, Rugby.

Jebb, Mrs., The Oaklands, Brock worth, Gloucester.

Jefferies, A. G. W., Ash Lodge, Pucklechurch, near Bristol.

Jenkins, Frederick A., 58, St. John's Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Jennings, Rev. A. C, M.A., King's Stanley Rectory, Stonehouse,

Gloucestershire.
Johnstone- Vaughan, W. J., The Old Rectory. Wotton, Gloucester.
Joicey, James, Poulton Court, Fairford, Glos.
Judge, Frederick, 90 Richmond Road, Montpellier, Bristol.

•Kay, Sir Brook, Bart., Stanley Lodge, Battledown, Cheltenham
(President of Council).

Keble, Rev. Canon Thomas, M.A., Bisley Vicarage, near Stroud.
•Keeling, George William, 10 Lansdown Terrace, Cheltenham.

Kennedy-Skipton, H. S., 30 Montpellier Villas, Cheltenham.

Kerr, Russell J., The Haie, Newnham-on-Severn.

Kerr, W. G. W , Prestbury Court, Cheltenham.

King, Miss, Avonside, Clifton Down, Bristol.

Kitcat, Rev. D., M.A., Weston Birt Rectory, Tetbury.

Landale, Dy. -Surgeon-General, Dunholme, The Park, Cheltenham.
"Latimer, John, 3 Trelawny Place, Cotham, Bristol.

Law, Ernest, The Pavilion, Hampton Court Palace, London.

Lawrence, R. Gwynne, Middleton Hall, Llanarthney, South Wales.
*Le Blanc, Arthur, The Hayes, Prestbury, near Cheltenham.
* Leigh, William, Woodchester Park, Stonehouse, Glos.
f Leigh, E. Egerton, D.L., Broadwell Manor House, Stow-on-the-Wold.

Lewis, Archibald M, 3, Upper Byron Place, Clifton, Bristol.

Lewis, Harold, B.A., Mercury Office, Bristol.

Little, E. Caruthers, Tracy House, Pittville Lawn, Cheltenham.

Little, E. P., Lansdown, Stroud.

Little, Brown & Co., Boston, U.S.A., c/o Sampson Low & Co., Fetter
Lane, London, E.C.

Liverpool Free Library, Liverpool.

Llewellin, John, C.E., Hazeland, Devizes, Wilts.

Llewellin, W. M., 15 King Square, Bristol.

London Library, 12 St. James' Square, London, S.W.

Long, Col. William, Woodlands, Congresbury, R.S.O., East Somerset.

Long, The Right Hon. Walter H., D.L., M.P., Rood Ashton, Trow-
bridge, Wilts; and n, Ennismore Gardens, London, S.W.

Loveridge, P. B., 12 Oxford Place, Cheltenham.

Lowe, C. J., 8 St. Stephen's Street, Bristol.

Lynes, Rev. W., M.D., Cinderford Vicarage, Newnham.

Macdonald, Maj.-Gen. John, 31 Lansdown Crescent, Cheltenham.

Machen, C. E., Bicknor, Coleford, Gloucestershire.

Maclaine, William Osborne, D.L., Kineton, Thornbury

Macpherson, J., Sorrento, San Diego, California, U.S.A.
*Madan, H. G., M.A., F.C.S., Bearland House, Gloucester (Hon. Librarian).

Manchester Library (Charles W. Sutton, Sec), Manchester.

Margetson, William, Brightside, Stroud.

Marshall, Mrs., The White House, Newent.

Marling, Stanley, Stanley Park, Stroud.

Marrs, Kingsmill, South Park, Saxonville, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
•Martin, A. T., M.A., F.S.A., Rodborough House, Percival Road, Clifton,
Bristol.

Martin, C. T., B.A., F.S.A , Public Record Office, Chancery Lane, London,
W.C.

Martin, R. B., M.P., Overbury Court, Glos.

Master, Mrs. Chester, Knowle Park. Almondsbury, R.S.O., Glos.

Matthews, J. A., Lewishurst, The Spa, Gloucester.

May, Arthur C, Avon House, Sneyd Park, near Bristol.

McCall, H. B., F.S.A. Scot., Barton End Court, Nailsworth.

Meadway, G., South Lawn, The Park, Cheltenham.
*Medland, Henry, Clarence Street, Gloucester.

Meredith, W. Lewis, 7 Midland Road, Gloucester.

Middlemore-Whithard, Rev. T. M., M.A., Hawkesley, Exmouth, Devon.

Miles, Rev. H., The Rectory, Huntley, near Gloucester.

Mills, H. Hamilton, Sudgrove House, near Cirencester.

Mills, J. Elliott, 13 Upper Belgrave Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Mitchinson, The Right Rev. Bishop, D.D., The Lodge, Pembroke
College, Oxford.

Mitford, A. B. Freeman, C.B., Batsford Park, Moreton-in-Marsh.

Moffatt, H. C, Goodrich Court, Ross.

Moline, William, 19 The Avenue, Clifton, Bristol.

Morgan, Miss, Cherith, 2 Beaufort Buildings, Gloucester.

Morris, R. Groves, 5 Beaufort Buildings, Spa, Gloucester.

Moxley, "W. S., 9 Elgin Park, Redland, Bristol.

Mullings, John, Cirencester.

Nash, Rev. Canon R. S., M.A., Old Sodbury, Chipping Sodbury.

Newton, Lieut. -Col., Thoresby, Cheltenham.

New York Library, c/o B. F. Stevens & Brown, 4 Trafalgar Square,

London, W.C.
Norman, George, Alpha House, Bayshill, Cheltenham.
Norman, George, 12 Brock Street, Bath.
Norris, Herbert E., The Market Place, Cirencester.

Oman, C. W. C, M.A., F.S.A., All Souls' College, Oxford.
Oman, Mrs., Avalon, St. George's Road, Cheltenham.
Osburn, Miss, The Edge House, near Stroud.

Owen, Rev. Canon Richard Trevor, M.A., F.S.A., Llangedwyn, Oswestry,
Salop.

Parker, Rev. Canon Charles J., M.A., Upton Cheyney, Bitton, Bristol.

Pass, Alfred Capper, Hawthornden, Clifton Down, Clifton, Bristol.

Pennsylvania Historical Society, U.S.A., c/o Messrs. B. F. Stevens &
Brown, 4 Trafalgar Square, Charing Cross, London, W.C.

Pearson, H. W., Woodland House, Tyndall Park, Bristol.

Perceval, Cecil H. Spencer, Longwitton Hall, Morpeth, Northumberland.

Percival, E. H., Kimsbury House, Gloucester.

Percival, Mrs. L., 4 Pittville Crescent, Cheltenham.
*Perkins, Vincent R., Wotton-under-Edge, Glos.

Perry, John F., 3 Downside Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Phillimore, W. P. W., M.A., B.C.L., 124 Chancery Lane, London, W.C.

Philp, Capt. J. Lamb, Pendoggett, Timsbury, Bath.

Pike, G., Hempsted Court, Gloucester

Pike, Mrs., Hempsted Court, Gloucester.

Pippet, Rev. W. A., The Rectory, Clifford Chambers, Stratford-on-Avon.

Pitcairn, Rev. D. Lee, M.A., Monkton Combe Vicarage, Bath.

Pitt, Theophilus, 143 Minories, London, E.C.

Playne, Arthur T., Longfords, Minchinhampton.

Pollock, Erskine, Q.C., 74 Queen's Gate, London, S.W.

Ponting, Albert J., Tocknells, Painswick, Stroud.

Ponting, C. E., F.S.A., Lockeridge, Marlborough, Wilts.

Power, Edward, F.S.A., 16 Southwell Gardens, London, S.W.

Prankerd, P. D., The Knoll, Sneyd Park, Bristol.
*Pritchard, John E., F.S.A., Guy's Cliff, Sydenham Road, Bristol. (Hon.
Local Secretary for Bristol).

Protheroe, Frank, 11 Alfred Place, West Thurloe Square, London, S.W.
"Prothero, H.A., M.A., 13 Promenade, Cheltenham.

Pruen, G. G., Lewisfield, Cheltenham.

Purnell, Rev. R. H., M.A., Staverton Vicarage, near Cheltenham.

Reid, Walter, The Woodlands, Tyndall's Park, Clifton, Bristol.
Ringer, Surgeon-General, 20 Lansdown Terrace, Cheltenham.
Bobbins, Rev. J. W. E., 23 Campden Hill Square, London, N.
Robertson, J. L., 13 Royal Crescent, Cheltenham.
Rogers, Lieut. -Col. R., Battledown Court, Cheltenham
Rowe, J. Brooking, F.S.A., Castle Barbican, Plympton. Devon.
"Royce, Rev. David, M.A., Nether Swell Vicarage, Stow-on-the-Wold.

Sadler, G. W., Keynsham Villa, Cheltenham.
Salwey, Edward R., The Court, Stonehouse, Glos.

Sawyer, John, Glevum Lodge, Battledown, Cheltenham.

Scears, Charles, Sunnymeade, Keynsham, Bristol.

Science and Art Department, South Kensington Museum, London, S.W.

Scobell, Rev. Canon E., M.A., Upton St. Leonard's Rectory, Gloucester.

Scott, Charles, Beaufort House, Spa, Gloucester.

Scott, Rev. G. M., The Vicarage, Nailsworth.

Selwyn-Payne, Major J. H., Badgeworth End, near Cheltenham.

Sessions, Frederick, F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S., Monkleighton, Alexandra Road,
Gloucester.

Sessions, Herbert, Quedgeley Court, Gloucester.

Sewell, Edward C., The Beeches, Cirencester.
*Seys, Godfrey, Wirewood's Green, Chepstow.

Shaw, J. E., M.B., 23 Caledonian Place, Clifton, Bristol.

Sherborne, Rt. Hon. Lord, 9 St. James' Square, London, S.W.

Sheringham, Rev. H. A., M.A., 50 St. George's Square, London, S.W.

Shum, Frederick, F.S.A., 17 Norfolk Crescent, Bath.

Sibbald, J. G. E., Mount Pleasant, Norton St. Philip, Bath.

Simpson, J. J., Osborne House, Cotham Park, Bristol.

Sinclair, Rev. J. S., The Vicarage, Cirencester.

Skrine, Henry Duncan, Claverton Manor, Bath.

Smith, T. Sherwood, F.S.S., The Pynes, Keynsham, Bristol.
"Smith, Alfred Edward, The Hollies, Nailsworth.

Smith, Richard Henry, The Kestrels, Rodborough, Stroud.

Sneath, Rev. T. A., The Lawn, Woodchester, Stroud.

Sneyd, Rev. G. A., Chastleton Rectory, Moreton-in-Marsh.

Society of Merchant Venturers, The Worshipful the Master of the, Bristol.

Stables, Mrs., 2 College Lawn, Cheltenham.
*Stackhouse, Rev. Canon, The Vicarage, Berkeley.

Stanton, Rev. Canon, M.A., Hasleton Rectory, Cheltenham.

Stanton, Charles Holbrow, M.A., Field Place, Stroud.

Stanton, J. Y , The Leaze, Stonehouse, Gloucestershire.

Stanton, Rev. W. D., Toddington Vicarage, Winchcombe, Glos.
*Stanton, Walter John, Stratford Lodge, Stroud.

Stephens, Albert J., 29 Denmark Road, Gloucester.

Street, Ernest E., C.E., Leny, Clifton Park, Clifton, Bristol.

Stubs, Peter, Blaisdon Hall, Newnham, Gloucestershire.

Sturgeon, Wentworth, 4 King's Bench Walk, Temple, London, W.C.

Swann, E. J., D.L., The Gables, Leigh Woods, Clifton, Bristol.

Swayne, Joseph Griffiths, M.D., 74 Pembroke Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Swayne, Miss, 129 Pembroke Road, Clifton, Bristol.
*Symonds, Rev. W., M.A., Sherston Vicarage, Malmesbury.

Tait, C. W. A., M.A., 26 College Road, Clifton, Bristol.
Tagart, Francis, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., Old Sneyd Park, near Bristol.
Tarr, F. J., Roseneath, Willsbridge, near Bristol.
'Taylor, Rev. C. S., M.A., Banwell Vicarage, Somerset.
Taylor, Edmund J., Town Clerk, Council House, Bristol.
Thompson, Mrs. Endcliffe, Henbury, Bristol.

Thorpe, Thomas, Osborne House, Frocester, nr. Stonehouse, Gloucester-
shire.
Thursby, Piers, Broadwell Hill, Stow-on-the-Wold.
Tibbitts, John, 5 Theresa Place, Gloucester.
Tinson, C. J., The Cleevelands, Marie Hill, Cheltenham.
Tombs, R. C, 32 Durdham Park, Bristol.
Townsend, Charles, St. Mary's, Stoke Bishop, Bristol.
Trapnell, Alfred, 15 Upper Belgrave Road, Clifton, Bristol.
Trenfield, J. D. B., Hill House, Chipping Sodbury.
Trower, G. Oakeley, Meldon Lodge, Cheltenham.

Truman, Edwin, The Home Field, Putney Hill, London, S.W
Tryon, Stephen, 5 Beaufort Road, Clifton, Bristol.
Tucker, Miss, The Studio, Sheepscombe House, Stroud.
"Tuckett, Francis Fox, F.R.G.S., Frenchay, near Bristol
Tudway, Clement, Cecily Hill, Cirencester.

Vassall, R. L. Grant, Oldbury Court, Fishponds, R.S.O., Gloucestershire.
•Vassar-Smith, R. Vassar, Charlton Park, Cheltenham.
Venner, Capt, The Reddings, Stonehouse, Gloucestershire.
Viner, Rev. A. W. Ellis, B.A., Badgeworth Vicarage, Cheltenham.

Wait, H. W. K., Woodborough House, Sneyd Park, Bristol
♦Waller, Frederick S., F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A., 18 College Green, Gloucester.

Warren, Admiral, Longcourt, Randwick, Stroud

Warren, Robert Hall, F.S.A., 9 Apsley Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Webb, R. B., Down House, Ashley Down, Bristol.

Welch, Miss, Arle House, Cheltenham.

Wells, Charles, F.J. I., 134 Cromwell Road, Bristol.

W'enden, James Gordon, The Chantry, Dursley.

Were, Francis, Gratwicke Hall, Barrow Gurney, Flax Bourne, R SO.,
Somerset

Weston, St. Aubyn, Didbrook, Winchcombe.

Whitcombe, George, The Wotton Elms, Gloucester

Whitfield, G. T., Tuffley, Gloucester.

Whitwill, Mark, 1 Berkeley Square, Bristol.

Williams, Rev. Augustin, 17 Birchfield Road, Phippville, Northampton.

Williams, Oliver, Battledown House, Cheltenham.

Williams, P. Watson, M.D., 1 Victoria Square, Clifton, Bristol.

Wilkinson, Rev. L., M.A., Westbury-on-Severn, Newnham, Glo'stershire.

Wills, Sir Frederick, Bart., M,P., Manor Heath, Bournemouth.

Wilson, Robert, M.B., Millbrook, Nailsworth.

Wingfield, E. Rhys, Barrington Park, Burford.

\\ instone, Benjamin, 53 Russell Square, London, W.C.

Wintle, Charles, 57 Queen Square, Bristol.
•Wintle, Douglas J., The Old House, Newnham, Gloucestershire.

Winwood, Rev. H. H., M.A., F.G.S., 11 Cavendish Crescent, Bath.

Wise, William Henry, The Council House, Bristol.

Wiseman, Rev H. J , M.A., 1 Albert Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Witchell, E. Northam, Lansdown, Stroud.
*Witts, G. B., C.E., Hill House, Leckhampton, Cheltenham.
♦Witts, Rev. F. E. Broome, M. A. .Upper Slaughter Manor, Lower Slaughter,
R.S.O., Glos.

Wollaston, G. H., M.A., Wotton-under-Edge.

Wollaston, Mrs. S. C, Wotton-under-Edge.

Wood, Fred Augustus, Highfield, Chew Magna, Somerset.

Wood, Walter B., 12 Queen Street, Gloucester.

Woodward, Miss E. K., M.A., High School, College Green,
Gloucester.

Woodward, J. H., 2 Windsor Terrace, Clifton, Bristol.

Woolright, Captain, U.S. Club, Charles Street, London, S W

Yabbicom, Col. T. H., C.E., 23 Oakfield Road, Clifton, Bristol
Young, C.E.B., Daylesford House, Chipping Norton, Oxon

Zachary, Henry, Cirencester.

Literary Societies exchanging Transactions with this Society :

The Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, The Castle, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
The Society of Antiquaries of London, Burlington House, Piccadilly,

London, W.
The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Royal Institution, Edinburgh.
The Royal Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 20

Hanover Square, London.
The Birmingham and Midland Institute, Archaeological Section, Birming-
ham.
The British Archaeological Association, 32 Sackville Street, London, W.
The Bureau of Ethnology, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, U.S A.
The Clifton Antiquarian Club, Hon. Sec, A. E. Hudd, Esq., F.S.A., 94

Pembroke Road, Clifton, Bristol.
The Cambrian Archaeological Society, 28 Great Ormond Street, London,

W.C.
The Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club, Hon. Sec, S. S. Buckman, Esq.,

Ellborough, Charlton Kings, Cheltenham.
The Royal Institute of Cornwall, Museum, Truro, Cornwall.
The Royal Society of Antiquaries (Ireland), Dublin.
The Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, Derby.
The Essex Archaeological Society, The Lawn, Coggeshall, Essex.
The Kent Archaeological Society, Museum, Maidstone, Kent.
The Powys Land Club, Museum and Library, Welshpool.
The Shropshire Archaeological and Nat. Hist. Society, Hon. Sec, F. Goyne,

Esq., Dogpole, Shrewsbury.
The Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society, The Castle,

Taunton.
The Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and Natural History, Hon. Sec, V.

B. Redstone, Esq., Woodbridge, Mill Hill, Suffolk.
The Surrey Archaeological Society, Castle Arch, Guilford.
The Sussex Archaeological Society, Lewes, Sussex.
The William Salt Archaeological Society, Stafford, Hon. Sec, Major-Gen.

The Hon. G. Wrottesley.
The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, Devizes, Wilts.
The Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Association, Hon.

Librarian, E. K. Clarke, Esq., 10 Park Street, Leeds.

TERMS OF ADMISSION TO THE SOCIETY.

Those who are desirous of joining the Society, can be admitted, after
election by the Council, on the following conditions :

I. As Life Members for a Composition of £5, and an Admission
Fee of 10s. 6d., which will entitle them to receive gratuitously
for life, the annual volumes of Transactions of the Society that
may be issued after the date of payment.

II. As Annual Members upon payment of 10s. 6d. Entrance Fee, and
an annual subscription of 10s. 6d., which will entitle them to
receive gratuitously, the annual volume of Transactions for
every year for which their subscriptions are paid.

The annual subscription becomes due on the 1st of January, and the
Hon. Treasurer, Mr. G. M. Currie, will be obliged if members
will send their subscriptions to him at 26 Lansdown Place,
Cheltenham.

By order of the Council, the Transactions of the Society are only issued
to those members who have paid their subscriptions for the
corresponding year.

Application for admission as members to be made to one of the
Hon. Local Secretaries, or to the

REV. WILLIAM BAZELEY, M.A.,
Matson Rectory,

Gloucester,

Hon. General Secretary.

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